davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-06-22

ordered a broadSide to he fired. The
noise was thunderouS. and the actions
of the cadets were. as usual. most I'M
dignifed and unwarIike.
few days later some excellent pho
tOgraphs of the young men afraid of
noise" were exhibited. and they did
Ihe work The next time the cannon
roared the cadets stood like statues
carved from stone. petrited by fear of
the truthful camera.-St. Louis Globe
democrat
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-06-22
Democratic Leaders Are
Opposed TO Raising Con-
vention OisCord.
NOTES TO CANDIDATES
Regardless of Their Position on
ChairmanShip. NebraSkan In
SiStS He viii Fight Parker.

Baltimore, June 22.-Colonel W. ].
Bryan will make fight against nam
ing Of Judge Alton b. Parker as tenn
porary chairman OF the democratic ma
ton convention regardless OF the at
titude taken by the five candidates for
the presidential nomination to whom
Bryan sent telegraphic note ask
ing them 10 join with him in opposing
Parker. That statement was emphat-
ically made today by National Com
mi-teeman Hail OF Nebraska. who has
been keeping Bryan Informed OF the
Progress of events here.
LITTLE COMFORT IN ANSWERS.
National committeeman aligned
with Parker analyzed the replies of
candidates to Bryans note, and de-
clared the Nebraska leader would find
lite comfort in them, and that he
would be compelled 10 make his fight
with only those delegates who joined
with him.
ARE MANY CONTESTS.
The democratic notional committee
will hear the contests for seats in
the natiOna! convention, Monday. Up
/ to date notifications of contests have
/ been received affecting entire delega-
I tons in the District of Columbia,
Porto Rico, Vermont, Philippines and
Alaska. In addition. rival claims have
been made to the seats of the delegates
at-larse from Illinois in the first 10
districts of that state, and also in
the Twentieth. Other contests are
over three seats of Rhode Island, one
seat in the Seventh and Ninth Penn
sylvania, and both seats in the Sew
enth and Sixteenth Texas
TARIFF MAIN ISSUE.
Platform builders propose to make
the document short and incisive, with
the tariff the dominant issue and mo-
nOpolies next in importance.
If Bryan wins his fight 10 have a
progressive chairman he probably will
be chairman of the resolutions com
mittCe. Anyway, he is likely to play
an important part in the construction
of the platform.
/. BTIAN WARS ON PARKER.
y Yesterday Colonel Bryan branded
Alton b. Parker as a ''Teactionary'
in a telegram addressed to a number
of prominent democrats throughout
the country, appealing to them to joir
him in preventing the election Of
Parker as temporary chairman. The
telegram was sent to Speaker Clark
Governor Wilson, Governor Burk e
Governor Foss and Mayor Gaynor, al
candidates for the presidential nom
nation. 1t read:
In the interest of harmony ! sug
gested TO the subcommittee of the
democratic national committee the
. ACCESSIBILITY of recommending as TEN
poTary chairman some progressive
acceptable TO the leading progressive
candidates for the presidential nom
nation / took il for granted tina
no committeeman interested in dem
ocratic success would desire to offend
the members of convention over
whelmingly progressive by naming
reactionary 10 sound the keynote o
the campaign.
) Eight members of the subCommit
t tee, however, have, over the protes
/ of the remaining eight, agreed upol
: not only a reactionary, but upon the
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-06-22
Place For Foctprirts,

81 shall leave footprints on the sands
OF time" said the idcaiist
What forf'' asked the crudely prac-
ticaI person Nobody will want to 20
round looking for footprints. What We
want to dc for posterity is 20 help build
some gooG roads "-WashiEgton Star
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-06-22
A FREAK OF THE SEA.
Fury of the Mighty Rollers That Some
times Attack a Coast

Fury of the Mighty Rollers That Some
times Attack a Coast.
Among the many dangers which
"those who 80 down TO the sea in
ships" have TO encounter must be reck-
oned that strange phenomenon known
as THE rollers" succession of i'm
mense waves which in certain lOcali-
ties set in upon a coast without the
least previous indication. rendering the
Use of bonts impossible or at the best
highly dangerous. The places where
they chiefly occur are in the fine wealth
e. trade wind regions Of the south At
lantic and south Pacific. being marked
Iy felt at exposed islands such as AS
cension and 81. Helena in the former
ocean and in tine latter ar rhe Chin
chas. Lobos and other islands of the
coast of Peru
The sea may be Of perfect smooth
ness. The breeze for days previously
the faiurest zephyr. when suddenly n
huge wave appears rolling iandward.
at first apparently quite leisurely. until
it reaches any solid mass of reef. rock
or shore. when. as If reused TO anger
AT the obstruction. the hitherto lazy I'M
dulafiou becomes sharp ridge. filings
its crest high in the air. daSheS for
ward with redouhled energy and bursts
upon the shore with tremendous fury.
This wave is quickly followed by 9th
ers. and the rollers set in. ever aug
menting in violence. until they attain
an awful grandeur not TO he exceeded
r. the widest storm 4 visit of the
rollers may last from five or six hours
10 two ar three days. and II strange fra-
ture is that they come from Ieeward.
in widely different direction from
the usual wind of the IocaIity.-WorIG
Wide Magazine
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-06-22
BRIDGE CT THE SEAS.
The Isthmus From Which Every Othe.
lsthmus Has Be Named.

The Bridge Of the Seas is the
striking name which pindar gives 20
the gulf OF Coriuth with the Aegean
sea. IL is one of the most interesting
strips ~ soil on the five continents. II
is the isthmus par excellence of all the
world. for from its Greek name, 18TH
mia, every other isthmus has been
named
The aucients were not good sailors.
They never went Ivy sea where they
could conveniently 20 by land, and to
cross this narrow neck Of land. only
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-06-22

one democrat who among those not
candidates for the presidential nom
nation is in the eyes of the public
most conspicuously identified with the
reactionary element of the party.
shall be pleased to join you and your
friends in opposing his selection by
the full committee or by the conven-
ton. Kindly answer here"
CLARK MAKES REPLY.
1t was learned here that Speaker
10 Colonel Bryan:
Have consulted with committee
having my interests in charge and
agree with them that the supreme
consideration should be to prevent
any discord in the convention.
Friends of mine on the subcommittee
of arrangements have already pre-
scented the name of Ollie James to the
subcommittee.
Il believe that if all join in the in
terests of harmony in an appeal to
the entire national committee to
avoid controversies in matters of or
ganization that the committee will
so arrange as to leave the platform
and nomination of candidates as the
only real issues on which delegates
need divide"
MARSHALL Is NEUTRAL.
Governor Marshall of Indiana is
reported TO have asserted his inten-
ton to remain neutral in his reply
TO Colonel Bryan, which said:
You may be right, but as Judge
Parker, as a member of the commit
tee on resolutions from the state OF
New York at the national convention
at Denver, helped to report our plat
form of 1908 and as he came to In
diana that year to advocate your
election and mine, and as he return
ed in 1910 to advocate the election of
/ Senator Kern, | do not see how his
I selection as temporary chairman will
result in a reactionary platform In
/ 1912"
Judge Parker. after reading the
! Bryan message at Rochester, n. Y.
refused to make other comment or
/ il than to term it very interesting
and to add that he planned TO begir
/ work on his address as temporary
/ chairman on the New York train &c
| night.
WILSON'S REPLY SECRET.
! Word from New IersaV was thai
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-06-22
Explained.

81 hear that Miss Grumpy is won
derfully correct person.
That's because Of her occupation.
She is a dressma6er designer
What has that to do with it?'
1T makes her naturally lead a pat
tern life. Baltimore American.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-06-22

Stockton, Cal June 22.-Passengers
of two San joaquin river launches beat
a bandit to death after he had jumped
into the river from one of the boats
four miles south of here.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-06-22

ChamberlaiD's Stomach and Liver
Tablets viii brace up the nerves. ban
ish sick headache. prevent despond-
ency and invigorste the wnOie sys-
ten. Sold by all druggists.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-06-22
Apparently-

well, ouigley, what do you known
TOO much. | guess. I've been TO
jected as a juror six times in success
sion. "-Chicago Tribune
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-06-22
No Malice.

Farmer Ito horse dealer,-No. | don't
bear you no malice only hope when
you're chased by n pack OF ravishing
'ungry wolves youll be a-driving that
'orse you sold me.-Iondon Tit-Bits.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-06-22
A Modern Girl.

why did you turn Inn downs"
He began to zap about two living
as cheaply as one When 1 get mar
rfed expect TO make the none! f.
Louisville Courier Journal
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-06-22
Wornns wills.

"In how many states c2n women
aoake their wtl!Sf"
In most Of EN- they come with IL
feady made - Baltimore American
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-06-22
Incontestable Proof.

Insurance Agent What are the
proofs of your husbands death. mad
am: The Widow-Well. be has been
bone for the iast three nights.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-06-22
WILSON'S REPLY SECRET.

Word from New jersey was that
Governor Wilson had replied to Colo
mel Bryan, but that he declined to
give any intimation as to the tenor
OF his reply. The governor declared
he would not depart from his prac
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-06-22

The great man is he who does NOT
lose his child's heart--Mencius.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-06-22

All the news all the ume-The Argus.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1912-03-14
SEED FOR FARMERS.
Missouri Slope Counties Make Pro.
vision for Farmers.

Dickinson-Almost every county on
the Missouri slope will make pro.
vision this year for farmers who are
in need Of seed grain, and the total
purchases that will be made through
the bonding plan will total nearly
$750.0O0. -
In Stark county the farmers have
petitioned the commissioners for seed
grains which will cost about $54,OU0.
This grain will be delivered to the
farmers at Richardton, Taylor. Glad.
stone. Dickinson. South Heart and
Belfield. between March 10 and April l.
Morton county farmers to the mum.
ber of about 400 have made petition
for seed grain. and about $5O.Ov
worth of grain will be purchased.
Bowman is another county that will
carry out the plan. applications beiug
on ale for $4,000 worth of grain, but
will only allow $4,000 for the work.
outing down some Of the petitions.
Under the North Dakota county aid
seed grain law. it is provided that the
farmers shall give to the county lien
ON the crop which it 10 expected to
raise
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1912-03-14
CONDEMN PARCELS POST
Hardware Dealers Believe II Would
Damage interests Of Retailers.

Hardware Dealers Believe II Would
Damage Interests Of Retailers.
Fargo.-With the election Of officers
and the adoption of resolutions the
seventeenth annual convention of the
North Dakota Retail Hardware Deal.
ers' Association came to a close.
The resolution condemned the par.
celia post, az extremely detrimental
to the interests OF the retailers" the
national bankruptcy laws. az "looss
and useless. and laudsd ths. action
of the federal government 3 In inves,
tigating the affairs Of the express
companies. The next place of meet
ing will be fixed by the executive
committee. The officers for the com.
ing year are: resident. A. ]. Smith,
of Darlington; first vice president. C.
V. Ferguson. Glenburn; second vice
president. Otto Olsen. Underwood:
secretary. c. N. Barnes, Grand Forks;
treasurer, w. R. Mcintosh. Botttneau;
delegates to the national convention:
D. X. Jacobson. Minot. and Otto Song.
stad, Of Northwood. Members of the
executive board, H. H. McCullum, OF
Hope, and sergeant-at-arms. c. T.
krelschmer, of Kramer
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1912-03-14
BOAT BREAKS SPEED RECORD
Motor Craft With Asrsplans Engine
Travels 40 Miles an Hour
In New York state.

Rochester, N. "a motor ice boat,
built along the general lines Of an ice
boat but fitted with an aeroplane en-.
gine and propeller, has attained q
speed Of nearly 14O miles an hour in
tests on 1rondequoit bay during the
past few days.
The boat is the invention Of Lyman
J. seely, manufacturer Of aeroplane
engines. 1rondequoit bay is about
eight miles long and the distance
was covered in about four minutes,
allowing for q slowing down Of the
engines.
Tho engine and propeller are at.
tached to the front Of the boat, which
has two runners in front and one be.
hind, the steering being done by q
wheel attached to the rear runner.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1912-03-14
Remedy for cramp.

A sufferer from cramp during sleep
writes that he found remedy. He no.
ticed that he never became cramped
no matter how long he mapped in a re-
clining chair. These facts. in connee-
ton with some physiological considera-
tions. induced the writer to put into
practice the following plan, which has
proved decidedly successful: To sleep
upon an inclined plane. This is Of.
fected by taking care that the bed
or mattress should incline IL inches
from the upper to the lower part of the
bed; and for this purpose the lower
feet were cut down 20 as to form this
inclination.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1912-03-14
Original Muck.Rake.

There would have been NO civiliEa-
tion had it not been for the original
pessimist. dyspeptic and grouchy, who
kicked at eating. his steak raw and
found . way of making fire from a flint
spark. Refusing to believe that all
things were for the best, including raw
steak, he was the first muck-raker, but
he made progress and civilization pos
sible. And undoubtedly he was
scathingly denounced by the big-stick
optimist of his day as a blithering an
archist, an unsafe and insane radical
bent upon overturning the established
order of things In the best possible Of
worlds, just as the muck-raker of to.
day gets his:
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1912-03-14
Keeper Of Seals.

The London Gazette last night con.
tanned the formal notification that his
majesty had ordered A. Congo d'Elire
ito pass the great seal Of the united
kingdom empowering the dean and
chapter of Christ-church. Oxford uni,
'versity. to elect bishop to the see
of Oxford. says the Dundee Adver.
;tiser.
! As Mr.. d'Elire jocularly remarked
to London Punch correspondent. judg,
ing from the number of seals he has
to pass he might just as we'll be q
keeper at the zoo.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1912-03-14
Exit tho Romance.

Z. 1T seems to me-" said Battersby,
"that we are knocking nearly all the
romance and Imagination out of life
when we commercial1ze marriage-for
that's about what We are doing.
like the good old way OF courting, the
way that was the classy thing when
knights were bold. like the idea of
galloping across the drawbridge and
,snatching up the girl Of my heart and
putting her on the saddle before me
and galloping away like mad! Wouldn't
that suit you!" mo, it wouldn't" re.
piled the other man. The girl OF my
heart weighs 160 pounds"
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1912-03-14
WANT DIVISION.

Flasher In the Field for New Line
Of Districtine.
Flasher.-The first move in the
county division question around this
bailiwick was made when quite num-
Der of members of the. Commercial
club got together and discussed the
matter. A committee was appointed
consisting of Messrs. ". F. Berrier,
Kleve, Spielman, Dopking and Nash to
look into the matter Of the division
lines and to invite delegates from the
outlying counties to come together and
cooperate in the matter. County divi-
sion will be one Of the paramount
issues before the people this year.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1912-03-14
G. N. BOOSTS FARMING.
Demonstration Farms on Enlarged
Scale to Be Established In West.

Devils Lake.--Public announcement
of one of the greatest agricultural
undertakings in recent years, which
goes hand in hand with the recently
launched Better Farming associations
work was made here by Clark w.
Kelley. who received an outline of the
plan which the Great Northern will
put in operation through the agricultu-
raj extension department.
The railroad desires to lease twenty
five-acre lots in Ramsey county to be
farmed under the direction and per-
L)nal supervision of an expert agricul.
turist. The railway will furnish the
seed, pay So an acre rental for the
use of the land and turn the entire
crop over to the farmer, providing he
follows in detail the instructions of the
expert in raising the land.
The strong feature that is to be
brought out in the campaign is fer
tilization. Barnyard as we'll as COM
mercial fertilizer is being advocated in
order to put the land in the proper
condition to produce crops.
The plan, which entails the expendi-
ture of thousands of dollars, is said to
have resulted from years of study by
James ]. Hill. According to the letter
received by Mr.. Kelley. the same prop
osition is being made by the Great
Northern to every district in Mime
sofa to North Dakota
The campaigns that have been car
ried on by the extension departments
of the agricultural colleges of the north
west, in supplying the farmers
with literature on experiments and
practical demonstrations. has accom-
plished great good. 1t is the general
impression that community work,
where farmers will be able to see what
is being done by scientific cultivation.
is the only kind that will tend to
create general awakening in the sub
ject which has developed into prob
lem over the entire northwest
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1912-03-14
EDUCATORS TO MEET.
Missouri Slope School Teachers Meet
At Dickinson This Month.

Dickinson.-One of the most impor.
tant gatherings or conventions to be
held In the western part of North
Dakota will be the fourth annual meet.
Ing of the Missouri Slope Educational
association which convenes at Dickin-
son, March %. and lasts two days.
Some of the best speakers in, the
state have been secured to address
this meeting. and many other prom.
inent educators and those identified
with the educational institutions of the
state, will be present to participate in
the work.
The programme for the meeting is
given below:
Friday, 10 a. m.
Address of welcome, p. S. Berg
Dickinson.
How to Teach Reading With FIX.
preston, Jas. A. Kitchen, Sentinel
Butte.
What First Year Glass in Reading
Should Accomplish, Margaret Kane.
Beach.
How and What to Teach in Agricul.
ture in the Rural Schools. G. l.. Vig-
ness, Bismarck.
Telling Stories to the Little Chill
dren, Mary O'Rrien, Mimic.
What the Public Schools Should Do
for the Pupils Body, w. F. Lorin.
Mandan.
Friday, 2 p. m.
What Can the Rural Schools DO in
Teaching Domestic Science? Josephine
X. Steake, Mott.
The Teaching of Spelling in Grades
and in the Rural Schools, Jennie F..
Beebe, Belfield.
What the Rural and Smaller Graded
Schools Can Do in Manual Training,
TheO. Gustafson. Dickinson.
Address, Joseph Kennedy. Grand
Forks.
Address, Hon, E. J. Taylor. Bis.
marck.
Friday, 8 pm.
Annual Institute Lecture for Stark
County, Joseph Kennedy. Grand Forks.
Reception for teachers.
Saturday, 9 =. m.
Address, N C. Abbott. Grand Forks.
Address, l.. R. Waldron. Dickinson.
Language Teaching in the Fourth.
Fifth and Sixth Grades. C. l.. Love,
Mandan.
Subject Matter for History in the
Different Grades and How to Teach 1t.
H. NJ. Pippin. Richardton.
What rs Good Teaching? C.. ]. N.
Nelson, Beach.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1912-03-14
ResourcefuI. Monarch.

Moliere died while performing q
part In one of his own plays. The
Archbishop OF Paris would not allow
his body to be inhumed in consecrat-
cd ground. Therefore the king sent
for the archbishop and expostulated
with him, but he was obstinate and
would not willingly comply with his
ma5esty's request. The king desired
to know how many feet deep the holy
ground reached. The bishop replied,
about eight" WELL" replied the
king. Il find there is no getting over
your scruples; let his grave be dug
twelve feet; that is four feet below
your consecrated ground"
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1912-03-14
LARGE NUMBER OF IMPORTANT
CASES ARE BOOKED ON THE
CALENDAR At BISMARCK.
JUDGE ELLIOT ON BENCH
In Place Of Judge AmIdon, Who 10 Al
st. Louis-Six Cases Against the
Northern Pacific Railway
Company.

Bismarck.-The United States dis.
trict court for the state of North Da.
kota was, convened in the federal
building by United States District
Judge Elliott of Sioux Falls, S. D.,
who is sitting at this term in place
Of Judge. Amidon who was called to
st. Louis to sit in some important
cases.
The jurors for the term were pres
ent and the court attendants, litigants
and. their legal advisers were all in
readiness for the opening and so soon
as the court was opened the work Of
adjudicating matters was taken up.
The cases that are on the calendar
for the term are:
Joseph F.aClemens, bankruptcy.
John Tracy. VS.. Northern Pacific
Railway company.
Elna Erickson VS.. Minneapolis, St.
Paul and Sahlt Ste Marie Railway
company Nj
L. E. Heaton. as guardian, ETC.. vs..
Northern Pacific Railway company.
A. P. Folsom, administrator. VS..
Northern Pacific Railway company.
Elizabeth Lebadoff VS.. Minneapolis.
St. Paul and Sault Ste Marie Railway
company.
Anna Turter VS.. Northern Pacific
Railway company.
George w. Crook VS.. Northern Pa
cific Railway company.
j. E. Tschider as guardian. vs.. Chas.
Sandeen:
John NJ. Watson vs.. J. A. Mack. ad-
ministrator.
Conrad Johnson va. Chicago, Mil.
waukee & Puget Sound Railway com.
pany. ~
Charles Kaiser VS.. Northern Pacific
Railway company.
Eizie ~Weekley vs.. Minneapolis, St
! Paul & Sault Ste Marie Railway com.
pany.
The petit jury follows:
Petit Jury.
John Young, Berlin. i
S. Urlaub, Leory.
Hans Sorenson, Fargo. 1
H. X. Loiland, Kloten. 4
l. ]. Kluxdal, Linstad.
Edward McHugh, Mandan.
M. E. Soliah, Hatton.
David Buchanan. Darlington.
P. l.. Dubourt, Leory.
Ole Knudsen, Valley City.
Z. ]. Lander. Grand Forks.
]. B. Boyd, Langdon.
H. 8. Hooking, Wheatland.
S. l.. Dahl, Neville.
l.. F. Tavis, Glen Ullin.
T. c. Boyson, Mayville.
E. o. Ellingston, Hillsboro.
George w. Wickman, Wahpeton.
A. N. Hathaway, Fargo.
Henry Liebbrand, Lisbon.
o. H. Kenney, Concrete.
Walter R. Reed, Armenia.
Charles Pollock, Fingal.
E. M. Jones, Hankinson.
Charles fuetsch,@Jamestown.
Arthur G. Peterson, Hankinson.
e. ]. Page, Darlington.
| E. M. Lewis, Devils Lake.
Frank Maschek, Lidgerwood.
Herman Scheer, Fessenden.
Joseph Killer, Richardton
M. A. Worcester, Lidgerwood.
Ed Volkman, Fessenden.
]. H. Whitcher, Valley City.
Andrew Ercink, Lidgerwood.
P. T. Duncan, Sharon.
|
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1912-03-14
Differing Term. for Coins.

! The language OF money differs in
different parts Of the United States.
On the Pacific coast the usual term
for quarter dollar is two bits. In
the rural communities of New York
and New england the people still talk
of shillings. referring to the old colo.
nial coin Of twelve and q half cents.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1912-03-14
DEAF MUTEs MARRY.
Result Of Romance Started At the
Devils Lake School.

Dickinson. Miss Helen Fink and
August Anderson were married in the
Methodist church here by Rev. F. H.
Farrand. Both are deaf mutes aud
graduated from the Devils Lake school
q few years ago. The groom is q
printer and has a position on Tho
Grand Forks Herald. His parents
live in the vicinity Of Grand Forks and
are Well-to-do farmers.