davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15
DoLcES NADONNAs WERE CAMEO LIKE
In THEIR, PERFECTION IN DETAIL,

he even built Notifications for the Duke
of Milan. Michelangelo retaliated by
building St. Peters, in Rome. Both con-
tributed to the art treasures OF Rome.
Finally. in their rivalry. these two mas
tiers entered contest to decide which
was the superior. Each chose to depict
a huge battle scene with great numbers
Of figures in action. The result was the
production of great amounts OF the best
drawing the world has ever known, but
circumstances prevented a decision as to
who was master.
Raphael was a younger man than these
and lived to be but thirty-seven years OF
age. Michelangelo assailed him, being
jealous of his increasing popularity. He
picked an obscure young artist whom. be
argued, was a greater painter than
Raphael. He got them matched In
contest. Then Michelangelo painted the
central figure in the obscure mans pic
ture. When the paintings were shown
everybody recognized the heavy. muscu-
lar strength that typified Michelangelo,
and Raphael declared himself compli-
oppose him.
* x
Raphael was the sweetest Of characters
and his death at SO early an age was
greatly mourned. He was buried in the
Pantheon in Rome beside his betrothed.
who died but shortly before. In the brief
span of his working life he had painted
100 Madonnas. OF all the Madonnas that
have ever been painted Raphael's have
probably been the most popular. His
Madonna of the Chair, copied by all the
world and broadcaSted in every form
down to the cheapest chromO is proba-
bly, familiar to more people than any pic
ture that the world ever produced.
OF the Madonnas of this school Cor
reggie produced several that still rank
among the masterpieces of the world.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15
FIRST PAINTING
nA 8E 81 A S2eSR 81 Fl f4 G5&AgXg XII

the winds and no picture in history has
ever reached SO far. There was in 1t
motherhood, most revered of consumma-
tons. and religion in the purity Of its in
ception.
The first picture OF the Madonna and
Child of which a record has remained
was drawn upon the tomb Of a martyr
of Rome in the early years of the Chris
tan era After SITS. Peter and Paul
had brought the new religion to the capi-
tai of the great empire of the west and
had given up their lives because Of it.,
martyrs followed them by the thousands.
Then 1t was that those secret burying
places Of Christians in the catacOmbs
remains Of uncounted men and women
who died for their belief. 1t is above
the tomb of one of these that the first
Madonna and Child was cut into the
stone. AS time passed this representa-
ton found q place on many tOmbs and
soon made its impression upon the hearts
of the people.
When Constantine. in the fourth CEN
fury, built himself new capital of the
east and called it Constantinople and en-
couraged the development of Christianity
there the Madonna and Child immedi-
ately became popular and in painting and
sculpture reached a high degree of per-
lection. In fact they grew SO beautiful
that 1t was found that the people We're
worshiping the ILLNESSES instead of the
thing for which they stood. 1t was then
that the iconoclasts arose and broke and
destroyed these works of art that had
become or were threatening to become
idols.
Yet the Madonna and Child survived
in the stern form given them by the
church of Greece, and in thirteen CEN
turtles that have followed this likeness
has been produced for all the Greek
churches by single monastery. It is To-
Gated at Mount Athos in the south Of
Turkey, which has of late appeared in
news dispatches. from the scene of a
bloody war.
This was the extent to which the Ma
donna came to be pictured in these early
days. Then followed nearly thousand
years before the figures again took life
and the;7 first subsequent portrayal was
an event of no mean importance in all
the history Of art.
There lived in Florence at this time a
man Of noble birth, by the name of
Cimabue. in whose breast religion was
deep set and art seethed without salts
faction. Italy had not then produced the
likeness Of people and things by the use
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15

are quartered in the various barracks
about the city, while in towns within
easy reach by rail and road Of Madrid
are 5000 more. Safety is made doubly
sure against surprise by the quarterng of
the 'Escolta Real or royal escort, in
barracks almost at the door of the royal
palace. And If all this is not enough, AL
fonso can depend, in the last stand, upon
hold .bodyguard, every member of which
is more than six feet in height and who
would die to the last man for their king.
1t is impossible to get away from the
fact that there is a dangerous spirit of
discomfort in the Spanish army. And it
is discomfort that does not hesitate to
demonstrate Several times when Wis
iting outlying barracks in the hopes of
stimulating the loyalty of his troops AL
fonso has been greeted with ringing cries
of Long Live the Republic and Death
to the King" And. following the tragic
week in Barcelona, when reservists
were being called to the colors and dis
patched to Africa, SO threatening be-
came the attitude of the troops and the
people that. much against his wishes.
Alfonso was bundled into a private closed
motor car and did not alight until he
was within safe distance of the French
frontier.
The republicans have established a
strong hold upon the officers and men
of the infantry and the artillery. I'm
fortunately for the movement, however
these same men, up to two years ago.
had an equally strong dislike for the So
cialist party. This was due to the strong
anti-military attitude Of that political Or
ganiZation during the war in North
Africa. Since that time. however, recog-
nizing their mistake, the socialists have
lost no opportunity Of conciliating the
army and today they are rapidly gain
ing strength.
Much Of the armys lack Of loyalty is
due to the national system Of recruiting.
Under the military laws Of Spain one
man in every five is supposed to serve
with the colors. There has grown up
a system by which the rich man pays
for a substitute and never sees the in
side Of the barracks: but the poor youth,
whose services are much more important
to his family. has no means OF escaping
service once he is chosen.
The late premier. while fully realizing
the rapid increase In republican senti-
ment In this country, never dared take
any active measures to muzzle the lead
ers or interfere with their work. In
stead. although man who believed In
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15

Botticeh appeared in the school Of Flor
ence and introduced the classical figure.
CupidS and NenuSeS and MercurieS be-
gan to find a place in painting, and have
even since been popular. His Madonnas
likewise take high rank.
x
Then came the greatest art era that the
world has ever known. Never since time
began have such artists lived as were
working at the end of the fifteenth CEN
fury. There were then no less than six
men, contemporaries, who were doing such
work as had never been done before and
such as has never been done since. The
centuries that have followed have failed
to produce single artist who has been
as great as any one of these, just as they
have failed to produce the equal of Shake
peare, who was also contemporary.
Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo.
Raphael and Correggio were then all at
work, as still was Titan. Albert Durer,
the German, was then plying the great
est brush outside of Italy. Leonardo
and Michelangelo We're two of the most
remarkable men that the world has ever
known. Both were unsurpassed as
painters, both were great sculptors, great
architects, great poets. Michelangelo
has been referred to as the most titanic
genius of all the ages. Yet Leonardo is
held by some to have been greater
man. Desperate rivals, they We're al
ways at each others throats. Michel
angelo painted the Last Judgment, said
to be the greatest of pictures. Leonardo
painted a rival. the Last Supper. The
latter also painted the Mona Lisa re-
Gently stolen He was popular in
France, where the king did him homage.
LeonardOs versatility was shown when
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15

JUDGE BEN B. LINDSEY, the creator
OF children's courts. was talking in
New York about child labor.
Chino labor" he said, results in stunt
ed and Intellectual men and women Child
labor Is as illogical and absurd as the
labor OF the tail. lean Denverite at
Christmas time
Gee, I'm tired said the tall. lean
Denverite.
What makes you tired asked Q
friend.
well, you see.' he replied, Uncle
Rooster sent the wife a Christmas check
yesterday to fit out the shack with new
carpet We hadn't q yardstick handy.
Maria was impatient, md so. as I'm just
six feet, to oblige her I've been layin'
down and gettin' up all over the house."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15

models in these religious pictures. The
artists before him had merely painted
the vision that they had in their minds.
but Bellini painted a portrait for the fig
ure he sought to represent. This Edison
of the art world heard also that there
was certain painter from Messina who
mixed paints in a new way that got I'M
heard-of results. Disgusting himself as a
laborer, he spied upon the painter in
question and discovered that instead Of
mixing his paints with water or the white
of an egg he used oil. Bellini employed
Oil and so the oil painting came into
being.
At about this time. also, appeared
Titan Of the school of Venice. Titan ran
riot in the colors that the school of
Venice initiated. Even unto today when
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15

of paint. except in frescoes. No portable
painting had as yet been made. Cimabue
executed the first painting that the in
habitants Of Florence. the birthplace of
art, had ever known. That first picture
was the Madonna and Child. When Gina
bue had completed his picture 1t was Of
f1cially carried through the streets. that
all the people might see. So OverjOyed
We're they with it that they have ever
since called the section of the town in
which it was shown the Happy Quarter.
This was toward the close Of the thir-
teenth century. Cimabue was cotempo-
man of sorrows. He was the first Of
the great Italian artists and to his in
spiration is due much Of the glory that
followed.
and saw the shepherd boy Giotto drawing
on a stone. The artist recognized the Ia
tent talent of the boy and begged him
from his mother and taught him art.
GiOtto improved on the art of his master
and the two learned many new things.
When Giotto died in 1886 he left much
behind him as inspiration to artists
that were to follow. for he was the first
master Incidentally he painted little
else than Madonnas and the lives of
the saints.
Then half a century later came Fra
Angelica. the artist monk. Many are
the Madonnas that he left behind him.
Prominent among them is the Madonna
of the Star, which was stolen from San
Marco about the same time that Mona
Lisa was stolen in Paris and Rembrandt's
Night Watch was out in Amsterdam and
the picture Battle of Lake Erie was slit
by vandals in our own Capitol. So does
q given sort Of vandalism seem to stimuli
taneously become worldwide Lippi, the
runaway monk followed Fra Angelica, as
did many others who lent greatness to
this F1orentine early school of artists.
So was art born in Florence and so
was the Madonna the inspiration of it.
What Florence had learned it bequeathed
to Venice, and from the surroundings of
this city of beauty came the idea of
colorings rich and rare. About the time
that Fra Angelica died the first of the
Venetian artists began work. Here ap-
peared Bellini. man of many new ideas.
The first addition he made to the art Of
Venice was through the enriching of the
somber colors that had been formerly
used. This he did successfully. Then a
second idea occurred to this man of re-
source, and he it was of them all in the
art world who first used the faces Of his
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15

perate efforts to keep the army loyal.
The revolution In Portugal taught them
that the army was the pivotal factor In
the situation, and since ex-King Manuel
left Lisbon in hurry a steady stream OF
favors have been. heaped- upon the men
In uniform, Every opportunity of mill
tary show Ia taken lby the king. and he
IL always making complimentary speeches
to his officers and men.
'A1fonso Is not loved by the mass Of
the Spanish people. Millions of them. of
course. live In the greatest poverty: yet
the king lives In great state. Is constantly
travelling about in foreign countries. and
most Of the time he does spend in Spain
Ia given over to Shooting. motoring or
boar sticking, The common people are
Indifferent to the queen, they neither like
her nor dislike her. but they do view with
concern the birth of SO many royal chill
dren. who Immediately become heavy bur-
dens upon the already sadly overbur-
dened Spanish exchequer
The rather foolhardy actions of King
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15

Alfonso in needlessly exposing himself in
the streets Of Madrid. as when he fol-
lowed on foot the body Of Canalejas to
the grave. are part of his plan to impress
the army and the people with his per-
sonal bravery. Two years ago. when the
country was seething with discomfort,
both the king and queen rode in open car
r1ages through the streets of Madrid with
out military escorts.
But aside from these acts Alfonso takes
no chances OF being deposed by sudden
military or civil coup. The military pre-
cautions taken against a revolutionary
outbreak are extraordinarily complete.
In and about Madrid are stationed the
pick of the Spanish army, tens Of thou
sands Of men upon whom the king and
his advisers believe they can depend alb
solutely. More than 1900 loyal troops
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15

King Alfonso from his throne" Such
has been the general opinion among high
army officers in this country for the past
two years.
And now Canalejas. who was said to
carry the monarchy on his strong back.
Is dead. shot by a sympathizer of the re-
public. the coming of which he delayed.
Now throughout Spain. on every side. IL
being asked the question: VIII a new
strong man arise to stem the rapidly r1s-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15

Leader of the Spanish radical party,
who. according to the present plans Of
those who are plotting for q republic,
will be chancellor Of the excheQuef In
the new government.
dangerous state Of excitement. to tho
house OF Pablo Iglesias, leader of the
Spanish socialists and most militant Of
the men Of the extreme left OF the cortes
Had they, been able to reach the deputy.
q second tragedy would have been added
to the assassination Of Canalejas. But a
large force Of police were rushed to the
scene, the leaders Of tho people arrested
and the rest dispersed.
It Is significant that Iglesias, who Is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15

TER Canalejas, the
Spanish republic
declared a well
known Spanish Of
fetal to the writer
some months ago.
'Canalejas. strong
man Of the Span
1 s h government.
alone stands be-
tween the country
and a revolution
that will sweep
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15

HERE stand back
Of Christmas the
Mother and Child.
The modern mother
and child are the
moving impulse Of
the festival today
wherever a stock
ing Is hung or a
cedar set in a
corner. Yet this
mother of nine
teen hundred and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15

pACK of the Christmas
- Festival Stand the Birth
f Jesus ard the Mother-Art
rev From Attempts to Por-
ray These Two, and No
rreat Artist Has Lived Who
as Not Produced His Ma
ionna No Other Picture
Ever Reached So Far.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15

I ATE Premier Was Be-
IL lieved to Be the Strong
Man Who Alone Stood Be-
tween King Alfonso and a
Republic - Rising Tide of
Revolution Which Only an
Equally Sagacious and Firm
Man Will Be Able to Stem,
and Alfonso Will Find 1t
Difficult to Pick Him Out
Plans of the Republicans
Undermining the Loyalty of
the Spanish Troops-Inter-
view With the Outspoken
Leader of the Spanish Social
lists Whose Speech in the
Cortes Is Said to Have In
stigated the Assassination of
Canalejas.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15

OF the radical party, chancellor of the
eXchequer; Senior AZcarate, republican
leader. minister of foreign affairs, with
high posts to others prominent in the
present movement
Copyright. 1872 by Curtis Srown)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15

COUNT ROMANONES,
New Spanish premier. IL he strong
enough to stem the rising tide Of re-
publicanism In SpainS IL the question
now worrying King Alfonso.
of the Spanish army will pay the utmost
penalty. I will answer to the king with
my life for the loyalty of the Spanish
troops"
So complete are the plans Of the re-
publicans that they have already drawn
I'D a provisional government for use
when they have seen the backs Of AL
fonso and his court. 1t is an almost open
secret that the intention is to appoint
Senior Perez Galdos. foremost Spanish
author. president; Senior Soreano, leader
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15

probably the most outspOken of the men
who are plotting against King Alfonso
should have declared recently, in speech
in the cortes. that direct action" was
necessary and excusable in certain cases.
1t Is freely said in official circles here
that this speech of Iglesias directly led
to the murder of the late prime minister.
On the other hand, so far at least as
most of his open declarations go, Iglesias
is hoping for bloodless revolution. He
processes to believe that so swift and over
whelming will be the revolt Of the dis
contented Spanish army that, as in the
case of Portugal, scarcely shot will be
fired.
1--WE who are working for a Spanish re-
public are striving to show the world that
we are the equal in civilization Of the
people of, say. the United States,'' said
Senior Iglesias to the writer, In speaking
Of the coming revolution. Therefore.
we shall try by every means in our
power to make the change from mon
archy to representative government an
almost bloodless one. We believe there
Is q great change working among the
public and when the time arrives we shall
depend upon this public opinion to ban
ish the monarchy under which the people
groan and suffer.
1T Is. Of course. impossible to say when
the revolution will come" the socialist
leader continued. 1T may come In six
months. 1t may como In a couple Of
years. 1t all depends upon tho actions
of King Alfonso and his advisors. For
instance, there would be an Immediate
outbreak II any attempt were male to
bring back to power Senior Mature. Senior
Canalejas' predecessor In Ofiioe under
whom poor Ferrer was sent to his death.
Then the dangerous discomfort In tho
army would como to q head II an attempt
were made to resume the war In North
Africa or enter upon any fresh CAM
paign Of conquest.
I'VE who are working for the republic
arc seriously handicapped by lack Of
agreement. II we could combine all the
shades Of political opinion to be found
among tho parties OF the extreme left
whose interests arc almost identical-we
would bo near to the day Of victory.
But. unfortunately. our ranks are torn
by dissensions and differences and We
are easy prey for tho moro united parties.
X
But King Alfonso and his advisers
realize the growing strength Of the re-
publican sentiment and are making des-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15

you republicans have a right to think
and say what you wish and | for one
would never think of disturbing you In
that right. But you must remember that
there are laws in this country and you
must keep within them. For instance,
any man who hampers with the loyalty
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15

ing tide of republicanism with ruthless
hand or will the army discontents seize
this opportunity of sending harmless King
low-king. Manuel. to grace pink teas and
church bazaars in some out-of- the-way
English village?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15

the efficacy of the "big stick he con-
fined his efforts to keeping the army
loyal. Not long before he was shot he
remarked to one of the republican plot
ters:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15

Just how close was the connection be-
tween the assassin of Canalejas, and the
republican leaders in Spain may never
be known. but 1t is significant that the
people-in-the-street were never in doubt.
Almost Immediately after the shooting of
the premier they made their wav in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15

thirteen Years ago IS. Oh tneIn all, inc
mother who has touched the hearts or
men by the millions and through the CEN
turies She it is who has been the
patron saint of all the households of the
Christian world. She it is who has been
the inspiration of the artists of the ages.
She it Is who has been more pictured than
any individual vince the world began and
whose charm never fails. Her face has
followed European civilization around the
world and been established as the best
loved among the Bushmen OF Australia,
the IncaS of the Andes, the EskimOs OF the
arctic, the immigrants Of Ellis Island. the
farmers of Kansas, the palaces OF 9Th
avenue, the. courts of kings.
Wherever this civilization has gone the
likeness of the Madonna has taken its
place on the wall of the humble cot or the
,-xtravagant mansion and there has re-
manned as reminder of the Sancfity OF
motherhood and the font of the Christian
faith.
*
Tie fidelity Of the artists Of the world
70 the Madonna has been most remarka-
BILE. The Holy Mother and Child. Of all
the events of the world, have most in
spired these users of the brush. When
their work had been done and when the
mechanical processes of later time made
IL possible to broadcast the results OF
Their labors the Madonna was given 70
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15

Special Correspondence Of The Star.
MADRID Deoern her
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-12-15

But King Alfonso and his advisers
realize the growing strength OF the re-
publican sentiment and are making des-
Lawrence democrat. (Lawrenceburg, Tenn.) 1884-1925, 1912-06-19
HEART NEEDS ESPECIAL CARE
Strain on the Vital Organ Must Be
Avoided When Middle Life Has
Been Passed

"The death by heart failure OF Gen.
Frederick ID. Grant" says the Medical
Record, emphasizes tho repeated
warnings Of the medical profession
that we should treat a senile heart
with respect. As far as we know
there is not the slightest disagreement
on this one point-every human heart
over fifty, and perhaps over forty-fve.
cannot stand much internal pressure
without being ruined or at least dam
aged. A very slight man may 80
through severe muscular exertion with
but little damage, but a heavy man,
like the general, places on the heart
and arteries a hydrostatic pressure
beyond the safety point, and It never
RECEIVERS.
"The pitiful feature Of this deplor-
able death Is the fact that General
Grant in his last annual report had
called attention to the opinion of life
insurance examiners that army Off
GERS were becoming poor risks on &C
count of the increasing strain of their
profession. It is safe to predict more
deaths like General Grants, unless we
treat the heart of a man over forty
FIVE with more gentleness."