The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-09-19
HOL|EST DAY IN THE JEWISH CALENDAR Tom Kippur Begins TomOr-
 row at Sunset IS DAY OF ATONEMENT Services at Temple Emanu-El Will Be Exceptionally Impressive - Will
 Begin With the Ancient
 Hymn, kol Nidre
IS DAY OF ATONEMENT

OH hIppOT or I0e Lay OI -AiDneftleltt the most holy and most important day in the Jewish calendar. will begin with the first appearance of the stars In the heavens tomorrow evening and continue until Saturday at sunset.
 At Temple Emmu-El the services in charge of Rabbi NJ. Newfield will be con- ducted as follows:
 Friday night at o'clock, the service opens with the ancient Kol Nidre hymn, sung by double quartette and accom- panied by violin, cello and flute as well as organ.
 Saturday the all-day services begin at 10:3D and conclude at sunset The Young Peoples services at o'clock will be con- ducted entirely by the young people of the congregation. Ben Gross will act as the reader and MT. Shapiro will deliver will be assisted by Roy Jacobs, Bernie I.oveman and David Rich. The music at this service will also be in charge of the young people, while Theodore Lowinsohn will render a solo on the violin.
 The most impressive memorial service will begin at o'clock, during which the memory of the departed members of the congregation and that of the great teach CTS and philanthropists of the world will be recalled in reverence by the devout worshippers.
 Day of Repentance
 From sunset Friday until the evening of the following day. September a, the devout Israeiite will give himself entirely to God, and to the purifying of his soul by repentance. It will be day spent by him in meditation and prayer, with no thought of tine world, its profits or pleas ures It is the great White Fast, when, abstaining from all food from sundown to sundown the people of Israel "afflict their souls for the sins of the past year.
 The holy day is mentioned in the Bible in a number of places; Leviticus XVI describes the elaborate prestly cere- monial of atonement. Ibid XXlIT 26-32, 1t appears in the list of festivals where the "afflction of the soul' fasting) Is or dained; Ibid XIV g, announce that on the Day of Atonement, each fiftieth year, the trumpet sound shall usher in the jubilee year; while Numbers xxx, I'll, describes the sacrifices of this acred day. From these references and later accounts in the Talmud is obtained a picture of this Day of Awe as it was celebrated in Biblical times. The holy day on the tenth day of Tishri was observed by abstention from food and drink and by an elaborate ceremonial in which the high priest was the central figure He besouSht forgive ness for his own sins and those of his own household, then for those of the wider household of priests, then for all the people. Of two goats, he slaughtered one as a sacrifice flor the Lord and set the other aside flor Azazel' The blood of the sacrifices he sprinl,led upon the curtain of the Holy of Holies, to purify it from the sins of the people.
 From this biblical ceremonial which throughout seeks for forgiveness of the community as whole, the Day of Atone ment has been somewhat changed in Rab- binic Judaism and in the modern service and emphasizes also repentance and per sonal prayer for the forgiveness of each individual shining soul. It completes the penltential period of 10 days that had be- gun Wltn the New lear s Lay.
 Begins With KOl Nidre
 The celebration of the Day of Atone ment begins in the synagog with the even ing service, called Kol Nidre from it's opening formula, which refers to vows concerning the individual and his con science. With it's strongly marked meo- dies and songs, this service assumed in the course of time very impressive char acter. Throughout the following day a continuous series of services is held, which toward the middle of the afternoon is heightened in impressiveness by a most solemn commemorative service for the dead This is followed by the Neilah or closing service in which the main ideas of the day are especially emphasized; re- pentarce conditioning forgiveness and Gods sealing the decree of man for the ensuing year. The service ends with a solemn invocation of Gods name, the Shema and the seven fold exclamation, "The Lord, He is God" As a signal of the close of the sacred day, the trumpet tshofar) is blown once, and the devout worshipper turns homeward from God s house with the assurance that in reward for his true and sincere repentance the sins of the past have been forgiven.