davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The broad ax., 1912-11-23

in the North, South, East or West, if
he surrounded himself with a harem of
white women, whether they be good or
bad morally, he would get himself into
legal entanglements. He was evil
IDENTIFY untrue to the white woman he
called his wife, which drove her to
commit suicide, and he had no sooner
returned from her tomb than he began
to lionize a bunch of others, and be-
came defiant when the parents of one
of the girls protested. In good plain
English, he was a damphool and de-
serves no merey.-The Republican
Seattle, Washington, November 1e, '12.
The broad ax., 1912-11-23

dead. Woods was caught in five min
utes after the murder with the gun
in his possession still, and the officer
who made the arrest stated upon the
witness stand that Woods admitted the
killing. This case occupied the atten-
tion of the Court for a whole week.
Anderson's argument to the jury oe-
eupied a whole day. While the jury
was celebrating friends of the saloon
keeper were making bets in the court
room that Woods would hang. Attorney
Anderson argument was a master
piece of legal ingenuity. He so hyp-
Noticed and impressed the jury with
his forcible and brilliant argument
that the jury saved Woods neck and
gave him only II years in the peni-
Tertiary. The verdict was so unex-
peeted and so lenient that the brother
of the salOonkeeper, Immediately after
it was read, said the jury was a dis
grace to Chicago.
Attorney Anderson also tried the
celebrated John Collins murder case,
also involving the killing of a saloon
keeper, and got him of with only IA
years, Notwithstanding that Collins
eo-defendant in open court, as he was
dying, admitted that Collins was also
involved in the killing of the saloon
keeper. 1t was through Attorney An
derson's able argument to the jury that
prevented the jury from bringing in a
more severe penalty by reason of the
fact that the co-defendant admitted in
open court while dying that Collins
was guilty. Another important case
tried by Attorneys Anderson and E. II.
Wright was the celebrated Steve Green
case, who was charged with the killing
of his boss in Arkansas. He escaped
to Chicago and was captured and was
on the eve of being taken back to Ar
kansas and in fact the Sheriff did
reach Cairo with the prisoner before
any action had been taken. 1t was at
this point that Attorneys Wright and
Anderson with much dispatch through
the weight of their legal aeumen into
the case, succeeded in having Green
taken off the train at Cairo and re-
turned to Chicago. Finally after a
hard fought battle in court they Sc
cured his discharge.
One of the notable cases won by
Attorney Wright was the celebrated
case of Antonio Bozza, an Italian, who
was charged with the murder of Joe
Carlo, the husband of Mrs. Annie Carlo,
the reigning queen of Little Italy. The
ease occupied the attention of Judge
Clifford for four days, the speech of
Attorney Wright on that occasion
was a masterpiece of elOquenee, and
upon the completion of his more than
able argument, the court and the
states attorney congratulated Attor-
ney Wright and he finally won the case
getting his client off with a sentence
of one year.
The broad ax., 1912-11-23
TWO NEW INVENTIONS BY AFRO
AMERICANS.

Fred NJ. johnson, a Negro globe
trotter who fought at San Juan Hill
has invented a belt feed rifle that VII
fire 800 shots without stopping at the
rate of 20 shots a second. johnson has
received word from the war depart
ment that his rife is considered one Of
the wonders of the age and that 1t
soon will receive a trial. johnson IS
now a resident of Cleveland, Ohio.
The johnson gun is used much Ike
an ordinary rifle, being about the same
weight and length, but instead Of the
regular stock, the rife is equipped
with a brace which fastens to both
shoulders, bringing the barrel Level
with the eye.
The broad ax., 1912-11-23

DR.. D. P. Roberts of Bethel, Thur
day night.
Next week DR.. J. F. Thomas o.
Ebermeyer will preach Tuesday night
and Mr.. Hayes the great tenor vii
be presented Wednesday night.
Thanksgiving services will be held
Thursday and an excellent dinner
served Thursday afternoon and even.
ing.
Sunday the Pastor Will preach morn.
ing and evening.
The Baby Rally was a great success
and Mrs. West deserves much credit.
The Soeials at the homes of Mes
danes Mitehem, Songs, BOsley, Buck.
ner, Maxwell and Oliver all successes
The broad ax., 1912-11-23
THE LADIES' AUXILIARY DANCE
WAS A VERY PLEASANT AFFAIH

Tuesday evening, the Ladies Aux
iliary of the Eighth Regiment limos
National Guards gave dance at Ma.
sonic Hall, 1856 State Street, and Il
every way it was a most pleasant d
fair.
It was more like a home party, lOi
every one seemed to know each anu
every one present, which made II e.
tremely agreeable and home Ike IO'
all.
Mrs. John R. Marshall, Mrs. james
H. johnson, Mrs. Louis B. Anderson
Miss Essie Arnold, Mrs. james >. Ns-
son, Mrs. Robert R. Jackson, Mrs. W.
T. Jefferson, Mrs. L. W. Lewis, ME
s. A. MCGOWAN and the other iaui''
connected with the Auxiliary were -
hand early to greet the friends Oh ~
regiment, some of them serving at ~
refreshment stands in the dining rOOI-,
and they performed their parts We
and to the queens taste.
All the ladies present were elegSI -
gowned, and they executed the spans
waltz, the Del Norte, the sehottiSSn,9
tine two steps and other waltzes III
most graceful manner.
Adjutant-General Frank 5. Dl'AI ..h
was present and freely mingled WI
part Of the 400 AfrO-Amerieans IN OA'
eago. A..
The music was furnished oy 'D'
Eighth Regiment Band
The broad ax., 1912-11-23
Attorneys William 6.
Anderson and Edward
H. Wright Are Heart
lily Congratulated on
Being Able to Secure
the Release of Jack
johnson From Prison

On last Saturday morning the writer,
called at the law Office of attorney Will
lam G. Anderson, IS n. Clark Street,
suite 5, to congratulate him upon his
excellent work in securing the liberty on
bond of champion John Arthur John
son; on entering his Office Mr.. Ander-
son was surrounded by a host of
friends who were giving vent to their
feelings over the release Of the cham
pion.
Later on visit was made to the
law Offices of Edward H. Wright, l25
West Van Buren, Street, who with Mr..
Anderson was the attorney for the
champion, and among those in his
oluees showering congratulations upon
him were William R. COwan, George
H. Walker, Mart Shoeeraft and other
friends, for the great effort he put
forth in bringing his release to a sue
eessful end
Among the celebrated cases tried and
won by Attorney w. G. Anderson are
the following:
Captain George Wellington Streeter,
o. the "Deestriet of Lake Michigan"
fame, who was convicted of manslaugh-
ter and sentenced to life imprison-
ment for murder. Captain Streeter
had tried, and spent over s5,OOO.OO it
is said, among some of Chicago's best
White lawyers trying to beat his case,
when they all "fel down. The
doughty Captain sent for Attorney W.
q. Anderson. He appmed for a writ of
Habeas Corpus before Judge Dunno,
Gov.-Elect of Illinois. The Court re-
fused to discharge Captain Streeter,
but Mr.. Anderson Immediately sued out
a second writ and cited some old En-
glish cases which had been long for
gotten, and occupied a whole day in
presenting authorities and argument.
Judge Dunno, before Mr.. Anderson had
finished his argument, said it would be
unnecessary to cite further law, and
issued the writ and discharged the
Captain.
Mr.: Anderson scored another legal
victory in the Banker Chas. Warren
Spalding case. Spalding was formerly
President of the defunct Globe Saw
ings Bank, and was convicted of en-
bezzlement of funds of the University
of Illinois. He had Chieago's best
legal talent behind him, but they could
not help him. Mr.. Spalding's wife
called on Mr.. Anderson, and after a
hard struggle before Judge Dunno,
Spalding was finally set free.
Another notable case won by Attor-
new Anderson was the celebrated case
of Fred. Woods and Ollie Hubanks,
tried before Judge Gridley in the Grim
inal court about a year ago. Attorney
Anderson represented Woods, while At
torney Barnett represented Hubanks.
1t was a eold-blooded murder. Woods
and Hubanks had held up a saloon
keeper on the West Side and shot him
The broad ax., 1912-11-23

Mrs. Bessie Trotter Craft, sister to
Editor William Monroe Trotter of the
Boston Guardian, was rendered a swell
social function on last Saturday after
noon at the home of Mrs. Charles E.
Bentley, wife of the noted dental sur
geon. Twenty-three of the leading
society girls and matrons were present
at a luncheon and were gowned in the
height of style. Ten courses were
served and following the dinner, senti-
ments were read on marriage. Some
were humorous and other serious. Mrs.
Cecil Johnson-Mozee was voted the
honor for the reading the best senti-
ment and Mrs. Myrtle Fry, Mrs. Ed
ward H. Morris and Miss Garnett Tibbs
were voted honors for reading the best
sentiments. Dr.. Charles E. Bentley, Mr..
Harry Craft and Mr.. Cary B. Lewis
were the tellers. In point of brilliancy
and fashion, it was the leading social
affair Of the season.
The broad ax., 1912-11-23
THE INSTITUTIONAL CHURCH.
Ss25 Dearborn St.,
Rev. A. J. Carey, D. d, Pm. d.
Minister.

Two happy conversions and four ae-
eessions to the membership crowned
the labors Of the Pastor last Sabbath
evening. The converts were Mr.. Theo-
dore Burton (who for q number Of
years has held q responsible position
in the Government serviee) and his
wife Mrs. Minnie Burton.
The Pastors sermon was from Paul's
matehless words s'The Greatest Of
these is Love"
DR.. 7. L. Scott Of st. Paul c. N. E.
Church preached Wednesday night and
The broad ax., 1912-11-23
ATTORNEYS WRIGHT AND AN
DERsoN HIGHLY PRAISED, AND
SOME SOCIAL, ITEMS.
Ry Cary B. Lewis.)

The release of Jack johnson from
the Cook County Jail is due to the
efforts of two Colored lawyers, Hon.
Edward q Wright and W. G. Ander-
son. At the beginning of the trouble
he had an array of White legal talent
but they failed to get "Jaek" out of
the prison walls. Great credit is being
given these two lawyers for securing
the right bondsman and fighting IN
ceasingly against prejudice and great
odds. Only those who are in immedi-
ate confidence of the eounselors them
selves will ever be able to appreciate
the uphill journey and difficult task
which Messrs. Edward H. Wright and
w. G. Anderson had to 60 through in
order to secure Johnson's liberty. At
torney Wright was the first and only
Negro to serve as president of the
Cook County Board of Commissioners
and has taken interest in all matters
affecting the race. He has won many
notable cases at the Chicago Bar and
is held in high esteem for his honesty
and integrity. Mr.. Anderson enjoys a
national reputation as a Habeas Corpus
lawyer, having carried to successful
termination some of the most noted
cases which have occupied attention in
Cook County for the past fifteen years.
He is an astute lawyer, a careful
attorney and has a remarkable ability
for technical law.
The broad ax., 1912-11-23

John H. Cebolt of indianapolis, lnd'
has been granted patent by the Pa''
ent Office on his invention Of non-Punc'
turable tire for automobiles. HIS PaF
ent tire can be punetuTed with slz OF
eight penny nail without causing 'ls
stopping for repairs. 1t is so constructed
that no matter how badly the OUTSIDE
rim is punetured, the inside tire Re
mains intact. The invention Will De .
boon to automobile owners, and ougA'
to make a fortune for the inventor.
The broad ax., 1912-11-23

The Department of Health is anx-
ious to give to the citizens of Chicago
the best service that lies in its power
to give. 1t is good to see that the
spirit Of civic cleanliness is growing
and it is the spirit that gets things
done and helps to make for a cleaner
and brighter Chicago.
The broad ax., 1912-11-23
HEALTH NOTES.

People desiring the help of the De-
partment of Health in their efforts to
improve community conditions may
rest assured that their names will not
be given out except in cases where
the Commissioner of Health after a
careful investigation decides that it
should be done.
The broad ax., 1912-11-23
A RARaAN.

$3.50 cash takes Bedford stone
front, three fat building, lot 25x125,
near Grand Boulevard and 41st St.
Good condition Plate glass windows,
paved street. Fine neighborhoOd.
Mortgage 5000, 5 per cent. Brings
II per cent on equity. Louis B. Berg
ersen, 10 So. Hoyne Ave. Phone West
Az.
The broad ax., 1912-11-23

J. s. Dorsey, the up-tO-date Drug
gist, who conducts the Artesian Phar-
macy, corner Of 9th and Dearborn St.,
is very much pleased with the articles
appearing in The Broad Az, from time
to time on Jack johnson and his
troubles.
The broad ax., 1912-11-23

Mr.. Frank P. George and a number
of prominent dramatic and musical
celebrities care concert and dance on
Tuesday night of this week at Oakland
Hall It was quite q success.
The broad ax., 1912-11-23

Dr.. Roy Young, q COlored man, is
securing much praise at the Northwest
ern University as the assistant coach.
Through his coaching the Purple this
year is much better than last.
The broad ax., 1912-11-23
HUNT so CAR MEN ACCUSED BY
GIRL.

Police Find Many South Side Con-
ductors and Motormen on ION List"
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-01-17
WHERE COTTERILL STANDS
sv GEORGE r. coTTERILL
Of short Extracts From His Platform Showing just What
Thinks About tho Various important Municipal issues

public ownership OF public utilities, not
result OF
study practice results
America the British
isles continent OF Europe
lighting their
the
Advancement elected
public usefulness BY
knowledge system shall be made
service provided
OF disease defeneess
against conflagraon
public profitmakng Making all
operation and meeting OF all
the peoples pockets by
due development Will permit
shall be built the people have ordered and
that Seattle general
bankers brok
conspiracy monopoly street railway In
tcrss Seattle Is
n people accustomed
helpless pledge
command execute the peoples will in
this delayed matter sar than city car ne
u has become question Of civic ndepsndence.s
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-01-17
Labor Men Uncover Records
Of King County Legislators

Labor 10 going TO remember iss
friends In the Ispisisture--snd lie
enemies.
This 10 the lesson in a significant
report made BY President Charles
n. csse Of tho state Federation Of
Labor. a. iss annual sesslon, In spo.
kane. this week.
Case has presented 10 the labor
men an exact statement. telling
where each member of the isgisla.
ture stood on every big progressive
measure that labor. the Orange. the
farmers union. and the Direct Leg.
isiatlon league fought for.
II Is not an atfack-this report OF
Case. IL IL n formal statement OF
facts, taken from the official rec.
ords Of the legislature at its last
session.
Case on Seattle Men.
The Star II printing today Cases
report on King county men on the
initiative and referendum. Reports
on other measures will follow. be.
ginning tomorrow.
when the initiative and referen-
dun were first introduced In the
house. the bill was referred TO a
special hand-pickcd committee nam
ed by Speaker Taylor. which
promptly loaded II down with 20
amendments. which would have kill.
cd any usefulness the bill might pos
sibly have had.
II. r. Foster OF King county help.
cd put In these jokers in commit.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-01-17

tee. Hnfoldson OF Seattle and
camlsbcil OF Everett fought them.
When the bill came back 20 the
floor. the rnal pYogrcssisca had a
long fight pulling out these jokers.
Thc vote on these amendments is u
good test OF progrcssiveness
The King county men who voted
for the iokern were.
Doc Chcnt. Foster. Kennedy.
Hastings. Mess. Tonkin. smith.
Wray and Webster.
Likewise. Speaker Taylor. who
boasted nj the progressive confer.
snce ia Tacoma. six weeks ago. that
he practically fathercdr the n and
n" voted for each one of these lok-
cfs.
The prouressives.
The real proRressives. who killed
All Of the jokers. were: DIR. Chris
Hanson OF Ballard. Haruldson.
Wright and Zednick. Also Hugh
1pdd. now Seattle man.
Goss and Ennis were absent.
or those who tried to KIN the bill.
s'se report namea these men as hav.
ii.g violated q promise they made
1 EFORE ELECTION to support Il:
Foster, Kennedy. Smith, Wray.
Their constituents will ask them
WAY.
Then here Ia the select list OF
men who fought for
the iokcrs, but who voted for the
bill when they saw they could not
heat n. Some of their friends are
bragging now that they voted for
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-01-17
STARVING AND TIRED OF
STRUGGLE. MAN ENDS LIFE

the above note were found by the
police thia morning. In room at
the residence OF Mrs. ". Warner.
sol Eastiake avenue. Three gas
Jets were turned on full blast. and
the crscks were carefully stuffed
with cotton. The officers were
nearly stifled when they broke In
the door.
Mrs. Warner In unable to throw
any light on the dead mans iden.
tity. He rented the room last
Friday. but was unable To pay full
price. A couple OF times Wilson
was seen to bring a loaf OF bread
to his room. and few crumbs
were found in q drawer by the OF
ficers.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-01-17
Vote Against the
Beacon Hill Site

The harbor and public grounds
committee of the city council voted
against the Beacon hill site for ttI-
bercular sanitarium. as recommend
ed by the commission appointed by
Mayor Dilling recently.
H. G. Henry and n delegation
from the Anu-Tuberculosis society
have offered the city 25 acres and
a $4,000 administration building
east OF Richmond. where the pres
ent hospital is maintained.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-01-17
HORNER SPEAKS
ON JAIL REFORM

Thomas X. Horner. progressive
candidate for corporation counsel OF
Seattle. spoke TO the women OF the
North End Improvement club yes
terday afternoon. Mr.. Horner dealt
with the city Jail issue, In which the
women we're particularly Interested.
and he declared that the corporation
counsel could stop jail brutalIties
and other abuses. even though the
mayor would not do SO.
",rhe city attorney is under the
corporation counsel" said Mr.. Hor-
ncr. "and the right city attorney
would see to II that every man and
every woman taken TO the jail was
treated right and given a square
deal"
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-01-17
Spy Kills Self

BERLIN. Jan. 17.--Found guilty
of espionage upon German fortifi-
cations az Borkum. and sentenced
TO four years imprisonment, Cap
tain Bernard Frederick Trench OF
the British royal marine infantry.
committed suicide by hanging, ac.
cording to a dispatch from Graetz.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-01-17
ROYAL PRINCE
TO SERVE 70
YEAR TERM
Convicted Of Instigating Plot
to Murder Husband OF Wo-
man He Loved--Scandal in
Noble Circles.

(Dy vnteed prees IsAssa Wtssl
VIENNA, Jan. t7s--Prtncs David
nadisns. . prominent member os the
fspliy from which the cssrs os Rus
Ella originally spvanp. today started
serving HE sentence Of 20 years
imprisormsr a. hard labor fer In
ssiestino the murder Of Prince
sdsschksisri. with whose beautiful
wife NJ was In love.
Prince Dadiani. a lieutenant of
the guards and popular In society.
lived part Of each year IN St Peters.
burg. where he was often seen nj
court. but spent the summer months
In his native wiidx In the Caucasus.
Prince and Princess padeschksieni
lived on = neiThboring estate.
While on a visit with her husband
to kusais. the princess met padiani.
Her husband later waz compelled 10
return home. but the. prlncesa In
vented n pretcxt 10 remain. 1onsip
reached his ears that his wife con-
xfantiy Was with. Dadisni He RE-
turned 10 Kntain and told DadIani
that his Visits 10 his .wife must
cease. A short time later Prince
fladeschkeieni was waylaid By two
ruffians In broad daylight and
killed At the trial Il wAs proved
that each OF the assassins received
$3.50 from Prince DadianI.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-01-17
lRS. OLSON Is ON TRIAL FOR WHIPPING JUDGE
QUART OF DIAMONDS
FOR THIS BRIDE

WASHINGTON. Jan. IT,
President Taft win probably
attend the wedding Of Mrs
Oliver Cromwell aud Edward
Stotesbury. the Philadelphia
banker. tomorrow. Nearly
quart OF diamonds. pearls. em.
eralds. rubics. necklaces. tiaras.
brooches and bracelets have
been received by the bride
elect. Picrpont Morgan gave
her a necklace worth $4,000
II contains zoo diamonds. The
hrldcgrpom'x xift is huge pearl
tiara. Her trousncau consists
Of 50 Partisan gowns. so boudoir
robes. bath robe Of velvet
trimmed In costly white fur and
untold quantities Of lingerie.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-01-17
N 'MAn|GAL 1EsT|F|Es

~ Vnstoo Rreee keaoed Wneb
INDIANAPOLIS. Jan. When
ortie =. McMnnigai. self-confessed
dynamiter. resumed his testimony
today before the federal grand jury
Investigating alleged dynamite
plots, II Is believed that he en-
larged upon his confession TO De
tec,iyc VIM. J. Burns. In which he
implicated twenty or more labor
leaders In as many dynamIting out
RACES.
The probers probably VIII finish
with McManigai late this afternoon.
but II could not be learned when
he viii be returned to Los Angeles.
where he may have TO stand trial
for dynamlting the Lleweilyn Iron
Works there.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-01-17

SPOKANE. Jan. 1.-THE state
Federation of Labor. the State
Grange. the Farmers Union aud
the Eastern Washington progress-
ives generally are on record ~
ssoutIy opposing the appointment
of Congressman Humphrey rs fed
eral Judge.
The news has been sent. ont that
this resolution was adopted only BY
the Federation Of Labor. now In
session here. II ~as adopted BY
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-01-17

out 20 SEA. I need a mnster for my
frail craft, one with caution. with
bravery, with firmness and with nil
gentleuess, one sho through clouds
can and will bring me safely into
port. In you I believe ] have found
such one. VIII you accept my
offsf7 Yours in hope and love
MARY.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-01-17
LABOR AND GRANGE
DENOUNCE HUMPHREY

tho federation. but II vas signed
by the n,asser Of the State Grange
and the fraternai delegates Of the
other organizations mentioned
above. and was meant TO represent
the attitude OF all these agencies.
The union and grange member
ships have no use for Humphrey In
any public capacity whatever, and
they do not have any abiding affcc
,ion for Federal Judge Hanford,
either.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-01-17
ARE ALL THE GIRLS PROPOSING?

Cupid, The little fellow
q seset this proposal contest
8 ~ s0d women, is literally
VIM Isstsrs- From the
~: - q letters that came TO
~ sifIes this morning. ecu,
s eeen sbIs to read cnIy
iss u ogesh'vd Of the lot. Hes
s - Ss~ samples for Tire
S.osfa There may be .ome
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-01-17
MURDERS BROTHER

MIDDLETOwN. N. ". Jan. IT,
Confession OF the murder of his
brother Theodore. according to the
police, was made here today by
Eugene Furman. arrested last week
in connection with the finding of
incinerated parts OF his brothers
body In a cinder car.
The alleged confession states that
the prisoner killed Theodore on No.
vember IL last. and that he cut
the body up two days later and
burned Il.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-01-17
TT TROOPS
Il READY TO
TO CUBA

IIIII1ls - Us-1Wo
rr1poo. <noo Mo- jsekses
~ ~ sou1noa1s ~ infsnt-
u epooa soeo ertsssd - be
- - eoil ~ ne sepubIie
~ - oootge President comex
ennINo ~ threatsned revo-
"a lRul leoansd Weed. chief of
= ~ uetssd States army. this
Q1Dp 1oelieed 10 state where
uese Hsebilsxino. but al
~ oF6ors 70 the above ef-
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-01-17
l[lD|he BELLS
III FOR NE,
SHE SAYS


~ 1oE1sAy
~ o0ey Iof uer
0rl1ro u.egs S.sassa wtrsl
&pooe. lowe. Jan. ~
} ~ Drooseed . rni'''onasse
vo ne. would say No
no oells ser me-
uoG1 ehos vsvid have de'
= oolcees g Deny the re-
~ Mow Vert thas sners =
nolgo v the case sne
~ 3 ~ additional denla1s