El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-01-11

A, Interests has occurred for years of
which ample warnings have not been
issued from u TO "A hours in advance.
The warnings displayed for a single
hurricane are known TO have detained
in port on the Atlantic coast vessels
valued with their cargoes at more than
S30,06O,0OO- The warnings Of sudden
and destructive changes in temperature
are issued from a TO So hours in ad-
vance, and are disseminated through
out the threatened regions by weather
bureau flags and otherwise. The warn
ings issued for a single cold wave are
said to have saved over $4,000 600 Of
property from injury and destruction.
The warnings OF frost and freezing
weather are of great interest to the
growers Of fruit tobacco, cranberries,
and market garden products. The value
Of the orange blooms, vegetables and
stra W berries, protected and saved on
single night in a small district in Flor
ida, was estimated at more than $780,
River and Flood Forecasts.
The publication of river and flood
forecasts based upon reports issued by
the 900 river and rainfall stations upon
one occasion resulted in the saving Of
livestock and other property.to the es-
tlmated value Of Sl5,0O0,0 600, when the
approach of a flood IN the Mississippi
was forecasted by the bureau a week
in advance. Railroad companies make
all their shipping business. Perishable
products are protected against ex-
tremes OF temperature by icing or heat
ing Oftentimes shipments Of perish
able goods are hustled forward when
II IS found possible to get them to
their destination in advance Of expected
uslfavorabIe temperature conditions
W hen this cannot be done goods in
transit are run into rOundhOuses for
protection Bananas require very care
ful handling and must be kept at
temperature ranging from 58 to S. de-
grees, and the banana shipper keeps
close watch on 'the weather map. The
rnea tI7an tries TO ship his products in
cold weather while the movement Of
livestock by freight is avoided when
q hot wave is f0recasted.
Temperature forecasts and cold wave
warnings are closely watched by brew
ers, Winemakers, and manufacturers Of
sort drinks Wine shipments are usual
" withheld until danger from cold is
passed as a slight frOSting causes the
tartaric acid in wine to crystalize ana
preclpltate Many brewers hold beer
Sul pmenIS when the distance is more
than SO miles and a minimum Of 20 de-
grees is expected With notice Of an
approaching cold wave, green houses
are closed and boilers fired. Large
S tocl1yards drain their mains. Case
line engines are drained Work in con-
crete is stopped. Brewing companies
and ice factories take care of exposed ]
ammonia cOndensers. Railway com
panies arrange for more heat in fruit ]
cars Natural gas companies turn }
larger amount Of gas into their pine
lines Merchants curtail their adver- 4
tisements. Coal dealers supply partial 1
orders to all customers instead of full /
orders to a few Ice factories reduce I
their output The dredging Of sand /
and gravel ceases, and iron ore piled 4
lp for shipment Is placed in the holds 4
3f vessels to prevent the wet masses
from freezing solid. Charity organiza-
lions prepare TO meet the demands for I
increased food and fuel, and thus mini
nize suffering among the poor
Protecting the Fruit Crop.
KAN forecasts protect the raisin CROP.
enable the fruit grower to pick his
ruit in advance Of rain, the vegetable
grower TO dig his vegetables in dry
weather, the grower Of alfalfa to bale
us crop in the field, the maker of lime.
ement, brick craintile, and sewer pipe
material to protect it from rain during
he process Of manufacturing, photo
graphic firms to make special arrange
nentS for large orders; indeed. one
night continue almost interminably to
lite the practical uses of the work of
ne weather bureau.
The meteorological institutions Of the
world have entered into a sort Of an
-greement to record upon every favor
bile day the radiation Of the sun and
he related problem of the polarization
exchanged by the different institu-
ions ard once they have been taken
or long term Of years and are com
AIRED with the weather records Of those
ears. it is hoped that weather fore
asting az Ions range viii become a
cientific reality. In this work the
Weather bureau uses an instrument
.nown as the pyTheliometer. Used in I
connection with an electrical resist I
nee thermometer il is so sensitive to I
eat that it can register a difference
D temperature a million times more (
minute than can be recognized by the
verage person. The pryheliometer is
iade Of two blackened disks fitted on
rod IKE pulleys on a shaft These
isks are Immersed in water. the suns
avs are concentrated on them, and the
mount Of radiation is determined by
he varying temperature of the water S
{ different Copyright, {
311, by Frederic ]. Haskin. ]
TomorroW-The Department Of Com I
erce and Labor. =
CThis is a part Of a chapter on the 4
-eather bureau from the book The 2
merican Government" by Frederic J.
askin, which now is offered to the
saders of the FL Paso Herald on most s
ivantageous terms. See notice else
here on this page.l