davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14
HORTICULTURAL
AG~@ NOTES

Fruit can be harvested at one-ha1f
the cost from low-headed trees.
Fall is the best eason for planting
all deciduous trees and bushes.
Cherries will not thrive planted on
low. moist or cold, heavy soils.
Any good dry land that will grow the
regular farm crops will grow cherries.
The future Of apple growing has
never looked SO bright as 1t does to-
day.
The fungicidal value of lime-sulphur
is increased by the addition Of arsen-
ate Of lead.
Grapes are apt to overbear and 1t
is never safe to let them set all the
fruit they will.
Healthy foliage held late in the
season enables the trees to build
stronger buds for the next crop.
arsenate of lead which is held over
from the year before will be good if 1T
has not dried out and become a hard
lump.
Where the San Jose scale is trou-
blesome the currant is Objectionable
in the orchard as 1t affords a great
harbor for these pests.
Don't expect a small knApsack
sprayer will do the work for large fruit
trees. 1t is not large or strong
enough. You need a barrel pump.
The common Bordeaux mixtures,
sometimes called the 4-4-4O mixture, IL
composed Of 4 pounds bluestone, 4
pounds quicklime and 40 gallons Of
water.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14
GOOD SOIL FOR AN ORCHARD
Must Ee Prepared Sufficiently Deep
and Drained So That Roots May
Reach Into Suesoil.

First of all, the soil must be well
drained and prepared sufficiently
deep so that the roots may reach deep
into the subsoil. Second. the sur
face soil must be cultivated frequent
ly and q rotation of cover crops and
catch crops employed so that a suf-
ficient amount of plant food will be
made available to promote q rapid,
healthy growth rather than forcing
the growth of the trees by the use @of
manure and fertilizers rich in nitro
gen. In some rare instances the soil
may be deficient in plant food, and
the intelligent use Of mineral plant
foods will prove very beneficial.
It is when the orchards begin to
produce large crops of fruit that the
demands for plant food must be met
if profitable crops of superior fruit
are secured. At this time the roots
of the trees have taken possession OF
practically all of the soil, and have
utilized the larger portion of the
available plant food so that the ad-
dition Of manure or fertilizer is es-
s~ential.
The function of the soil in furnish
ing the trees with nourishment Is an
! exceedingly complex one, and there
are certain well-defined laws that
must be kept in mind for Improvement
and maintenance of the fertility OF
the soil that is occupied by the trees.
Some orchardists advocate sod mulch
others depend Upon cultivation and
the liberal use of fertilizers and barn
mnr11rnc ntbar cnyar rrOnS and MIN
eral fertilizers as a can of improve
ing and maintaining the fertility OF
orchard soils.
The fact that no two soils required
the same line of treatment has cauSedI
a confusion of ideas in the manage
| ment Of orchard soils.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14

except from an old colored man. wh1
party encamped- about two miles from
town. I was in the advance guard
who got this information. and we re
ported it to the colonel.
1--WE made an advance to a point
from which we could see the camI
fire, and there we lay. Lieut.. Puring
ton and twenty-five men were SEN
around to the other side OF the camp
All was quiet until the morning be
gan to come. Then VIC made a sud
den charge into the camp and tool
them by surprise.
MY. position in the line brought me
into the camp at the rea Of Davis
tent. With me was Private James
Bullard. Some horses were tethered
there. and we tool two of them in
place Of our own. changing the sad
dies to the fresh horses. Mrs. Davis.
! heard afterward. had come to the
door of the tent and asked the right
of privacy for the women that she
said We're the only occupants. Soon
she came to the door again and passed
out with her old mother who was
dressed in a waterproof coat and q
shawl, and carried a tin pail. Mrs
Davis said that the wanted to go to
the brook for water, and the guard
let them pass.
They were o many rods from
the tent when | say them. l said to
Billiard, Those women ought not to
be leaving the camp and he, still
busted with his saddle. told me to &c
on and not wait for him. / mounted
and rode up to the couple. I asked
where they were going and Mrs. Da,
Wis said that she was going to the
brook with her old mother to get
some water. The old mother had
the shawl pinned around her face 30
that not much was visible. and the
waterproof coat was long. But the
lead grass was long. too. and as the
old mother held up the coat / saw
high top boots beneath 1t.
Whats your old mother doing
with those boots on?' I asked, and
brought my u from half to full
cock as it lay across the pommel
pointing at the two.
Mrs. Davis heard the click OF the
hammer. Don't shoot she said, and
then Billiard came up and helped me
show them the way back. Davis
wanted to take off the shawl, but We
did no give him time. found the
colonel and told him that l believed
we had taken jeff Davis. The colonel
came up to where the prisoner was
and asked, What shall I call you?'
Anything you please said the pris-
oner. L think / will call you Davis,
said Col. Pritchard.
The 4th Michigan and the 1st
wisconsin took Davis back to our
lines and / was one of the guard that
went with him to Fort Monroe. Col.
Pritchard and l both made sworn
statements about the capture before
the secretary of war. We saw moth
Ing of the 1st Ohio regiment. who say
that they did the capturing"
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14
SOUTH DAKOTA NEWS NOTES

A number of Webster citizens have
complained concerning he rates
charged by the Grand County Tele-
phone company.
The state engineer has granted a
permit to Eva Ochsner, of Ardmore,
to appropriate water from Cow creek
to irrigate "A acres.
Reuben Nelson, age 80 years, Of
Grant county, died at the state insane
hospital at Yankton, where he was
sent eight years ago.
The citizens of Baltic have decided
to have a rousing Fourth of July eel
ebration. Committees are at work
making the necessary arrangements,
Bonnie Henry, a homesteader living
neal Wood, was seriously injured when
his horses ran away and dragged a
corn planter over him. One OF the
horses also stepped on his neck. His
injuries were so serious that for a
time it was feared he would not re-
cover.
Bass fishing in Lake Andes is said
to be the best for some years, n
lovers of fishing from a vide scope
Of country are at the lake enjoying
the sport. 1t is nothing uncommon
for a fisherman to land as many as
40 or SO fine bass in the course OF
an hour.
Lewis Peterson. aged II, son OF a
well konwn resident of Fairvlew, IS
the fist victim Of infantile paralysis
in that part of the state for some
time. The disease gradually crept
into every part of the lads body, fin
ally causing his death. The disease
first manifested itself when the boy
felt a numbness in his feet, it being
only a short time until his limbs had
become so effected hat he had diff
Guilty in walking.
The program is being prepared for
the annual convention of the Sully
County Sunday School association, to
be held at Onida, June % and 70.
State Secretary Leach, of Sioux Falls,
will he one of the speakers.
Alma Omenen, a l6-year-old girl Nv
ing north of Chamberlain, is lead as
a result of taking paris green win
suicidal intent. The cause was the
objection of her father to her marriage
TO a quarter blood Grow Creek lndlan.
Her mother committed suicide ABOUT
two years ago during a period or de-
spondency.
The people of Dante nave pettioh'
ed the railway commission 10 oruel
the Milwaukee to install a depot n
an agent, and Dimock wants an agent
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14
The Catalpa.

Catnlpas are quick growing trees.
Inc the heart wood forms early, ma
king them valuable for early market
ing or home use. The wood is light
in weight, strong, durable and straight
grained. After once planting the for
est is permanent, sprouts always COM
ing up from the stump after cutting.
and later growths are more rapid
thar earlier ones, due. no doubt, to
the deep roofing of the older stumps.
Later care consists in trimming out
and burning excess of improbable
sprouts, which in time may be of con
siderable value in some line of man
ufacturing, or perhaps fertilizer.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14
sINGLETREE FOR AN ORCHARD
One Described and illustrated That
Has Been Used to Advantage in
New York State.

singletree for use in ~cultivating young
trees, l will endeavor to describe one
I have seen used to good advantage
In this section, writes Edwin Haight
in the Rural~New Yorker. The Whit
letree is flat instead of rounded and
each end is rounded from the back
edge. A heavy strap, usually a piece
of trace. is then bolted, or securely
fastened, along the back edge and
around the rounded end, leaving an
end to the strap of about IS inches or
two feet, in which an iron ring is fas-
tened, in which to hook the trace. l
give a rough sketch of one end, show
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14
Soil for

Any soil especially adapted to the
growing of white potatoes will usually
be satisfactory for apples. If any diff
ference is to be distinguished it would
be in the way of allowing a larger
amount of gravel or loose, broken
stone in an apple orchard than in a
potato field. Indeed, there seems to
be rs limit to the amount of loose
stone which may be present in an ap-
pie orchard, except the limit of cultiva-
ton.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14

Only the best pays in these days of
high-priced labor ant packages. When
there are market quotations for knots!
and worms it will be time to quit
spraying and grading.
DO better spraying, pruning. pick,
ing and packing in 1912 than ever bel
fore, should be the slogan Of fruit,
growers.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14
Vines.

Plant a simple vine each year along
the base of the dwelling. care for it
and watch it grew, and mature during
the growing season. In the autumn
it's mass of foliage and blossoms or!
fruit in their beauty and abundance
will repay MANIFOLD for all the effort
expended. 1t will be the last and
dearest of all the plants to desert when.
winters cold closes the door.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14
Wanted to Know.

A raw one9 of the Forty-fourth In
diana sat down when he had been sup
piled with his 40 rounds. and began to
tear open the cartridges and pour the
powder on a pile. When the last one
was emptied he looked up. and saw
the dumfounded captain looking at
him. He said:
Powder, when do we get u pow
der horns?"
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14
PROTECTION GIVEN TO TREES
Danger Of Barking Can Be Avoided
by Driving Stakes or Wrapping
With Wire Fencing.

Many fruit trees are seriously in
jured, or even killed, by being barked
with a singletree in ~cultivating. 1t
takes a very careful mar to get
through the seaso in ~cultivating the
orchard without doing any injury. On
the average farm where the orchard is
of minor importance, the farm hands
and even the owner are careless and
ark many trees. This danger can be
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14
GRATING Fruit.

Fruit trees Of all kinds are abnor-
mally high-do some grating as a
starter. You can top-work many
healthy worthless trees and at a
small outlay OF time and money. We
saw a large tree that had been graft
ed with early, medium and late va
rieties Of the better kinds and this
tree vas invaluable to the family.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14
Young Trees in Orchards.

Young trees planted in an old or
chard very seldom give satisfaction.
This is largely for The reason tina:
young trees need different care from
old ones, and also because the young
trees will hardly receive as much sun
shine as they should because Of the
shade they will get from the older
trees.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14
DEVICE FOR PULLING TREES
Apparatus Shown in Illustration Found
Entirely Satisfactory In Remov-
ing Brush.

For removing bushes and SMALL
trees the device illustrated herewith
has proved very satisfactory. 1t con-!
sists of a five or ~six-foot stick OF
round. tough wood such as hickory
and. say, three inches In diameter,
with a single-tree attached at one end
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14
Tree Pulling Apparatus.

and q trace chain at the other. The
chain is passed around the saplingl
and hooked to the pole, says the Or
ange Judd Farmer. While a horse
pulls the roots are cut with an ak on
the opposite side, and soon the tree
comes out with a rush.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14
TOURISTS ARE ARRIVING.
In the Black Hills; Indications Point
to a Prosperous Year.


observation-disclosures are commenc-
ing to arrive in the Black Hills and
the largest tourist traffic this section
has eve enjoyed, is expected this sum-
mer. Special efforts have been made
to attract residents of the eastern
part of this state, western Minnesota,
Iowa and Nebraska. So much rain
and snow fell this spring that the Hills
have never looked more beautiful and
the verdure is unusually bright.
Crop conditions are better than for
many years and all reports from the
agricultural section in the western
part Of the state show hat the plant
ing is heavier than yer before. Only
hot, dry winds a prevent bumper
crops in most of the grains and the
optimistic tone among the farmers is
prevalent.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14
Popularity of Typhoons.

Typhoons increase their strength as
they go north and consequently there
may be quite a difference between the
power of one in the southern enc o,
the West Indian islands as
with one in the north. 1t is TINS 1ea.
ture which makes the hurricanes OF
the West Indies more to be
than the Pacific typhoons of TINS iati
tude.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14
Hard 70 Answer.

papa" queried five-year-old George
auhen two people are married are
they made one?" Yes my BOY, an
Iswered his father. Which n CON
,in,ed Che small information seeker
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14
Paw Knows Everything.

willie-"Paw, what is the middle
c,assq" Paw-"The middle class IN
s;sts of people who are not poor
enough to accept charity and not rlcn
enough to donate anything."-Cincin-
natl Enquirer.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14
Metal .. Eertillzer.

Certain experiments are being made
at present which, though not yet COM
pleted. tend to show that certain met
ais exercise q favorable influence on
Observation-Disclosures Weekly.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14
Wants Sherman Renominatcd.
Shot tho Wrong Man.

A Georgia man accidentally shot
himself in his own home with his
own gun, and was fined $25 for it. 1t
is always safer, so far as the law is
concerned, to shoot somebody else
Houston Post.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14
Disguised.

Pat was raked over the coals by the
adtutant, and when he left that dig
nitary he said to q comrade:
did God make tn loikes OF him? !
wouldn't q done IT," =
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14
trap For Orchard s~ineletree.

Strap For Orchard Sinoletree.
Ing how strap is fastened to whiffe-
tree. This trap should be made long
enough to hook directly on the handle,
If desired. leaving nothing but smooth
leather to come in contact with the
trees.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1912-06-14
Three Stakes.

avoided by driving three or four stout
stakes around the tree as shown in the
cuts and mailing ONE pieces at the
top to hold them firm, says the Farm
and home. If wrapped with owe
wire fencing. not even the pigs can
tnjure your trees.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-09
GROWING USE OF THERMITE

A MONG the many improvements within
= recent years in railway construction in
Germany is the welding together of rail ends,
whereby practically continuous rails are Sc
cured. The heating substance thermite has
greatly facilitated this process.
Thernite is formed by the union of finely
pulverizcd aluminium with oxygen. When
this mixture is gnited, chemical combina-
ton takes place with an extraordinary de-
velopment of heat, not much less than that
of the electric arc. In welding rails the
molten thermite is poured into the joints,
and the softened rail ends are then forced
closer together. The resulting weld is very
firm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-09

while doing SO, just as water flowing from
basin. This accounts for the more or less
definite and generally circular shape of the
spot, and the fact that it is cooler explains
its dark appearance. The whirling gas, ac-
quiring in some way charge of electricity,
acts like current in producing huge mag
netic field, and, while it has not yet been
shown that these fields are strong enough to
account for our terrestrial magnetic storms
they will undoubtedly afford the key to the
solution.
But why there exists this curious eleven
year period of activity, as well as many other
interesting questions, must remain for the
present unanswered. L. I. Rose
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-09

ally charged gas particles is equivalent to a
flow of current, and, as is well known, if the
current is made to flow in a circular path
i.e., cola magnetic field is produced in
the center.
While, then, we are still far from COM
plete solution of the problem of sunspots
we have here simple and plausible explana-
ton which, while subject to possible modi-
fcation to fit the results of future research,
will serve very well for the present. 1t may
be put briefly in this way:
The outer layers of the sun are of course
cooling as they radiate heat and light. AS
gas becomes denser on cooling, mass of
such gas collected at one place tends to sink
into the sum- and acquires whirling motion
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-09
THE WATER OF LIFE
Continued from page 4

This measure is used in a wide range of
conditions; but should be employed only in
serious illness, on the advice of physician.
Faintncss or other danger signal calls for re-
moval from the bath or the dashing of cold
water in the face.
AS domestic remedy in acute colds, the
hot pack, like the hot foot bath, is valuable
measure.
A bath at one hundred and two degrees
or less is useful for cleansing purposes and if
frequently taken for such purposes should as
a rule be followed by a cold spray or affusion,
in order to maintain proper skin function.
A warm bath is valuable sleep producer,
if proper attention to details is observed.
The temperature of the water should not ex-
coed one hundred and two degrees, and the
entire body up to the neck should be inn
mersed for about ten minutes The bath
room should be warmed to about seventy
five degrees, and rug provided, SO that the
the bath. The bather should be Immediately
wrapped in warm sheet as he emerges from
the bath, rapidly dried in bed, which has
been previously warmed with hot-water bot
ties, and covered with blanket to prevent
chilling, but not to promote perspiration.
Taken in this fashion, the warm bath is a
famous sleep producer. A hot foot bath will
also serve as brain sedative, by relieving
the cerebral circulation; but sweating should
be avoided when it is taken for this purpose.
Too often the effect of the bath is neutralized
by subsequent chilling, either in transit from
the bath, or by contact with cold sheets.
Internal Uses of Water
THE average Individual not doing muscu-
lar work requires about four pintS o.
water daily, including that taken in the food.
More water is required with a meat diet than
with a vegetable diet. That too much IF
this apparently harmless fluid can be taken
is now being recognized by such authorities
as Van Norden and others. The flushing
man is not mere system of pipes: he has
organs that should be respected. A man
with weak heart or an insufficient kidney
can be literally drowned by the inhibition
of large quantities of fluid. Very little water
is absorbed by the stomach, although alcohol
is quickly taken up by that organ. By over
filling the stomach, mechanical distention
may cause dilation, especially in people with
weak musculature. Nevertheless, many
people have the "dry habit" usually asso-
ciated with constipation and a muddy COM
plexion. A definite amount of water as a
beverage, say two or three pints daily, taken
Systematically, not too cold, and mostly be-
tween meals, combined with regular bathing,
will do much for such people.
For its action on the kidney, a wineglass-
full of cold water at frequent intervals will
promote activity quite as successfully as
copious drafts, which may actually injure
the delicate structure of the kidney glands
by overworking them. Be temperate, even
with water.
Weekly journal-miner., 1912-07-03
PRESCOTT BECOMES
 HOME OF TURFMEN
(From Thursdays Daily.)

Appreciativc of the utility of the old race track as a center for work. ing out racing horses. and realizing that the elevation and the summer climate of this section is unequalled in placing the animals in the best of condition. (. NJ. Stearns, of Phoenix. arrived yesterday with his famous pacer, Airault, and will re- main until the fall opening of the Arizona fair. The advent of this we'll known turfman. and the se- lection of Prescott for working out his racers, is interesting, as it recognizes the country and the climate as having qualities not gen orally known.
 Mir. Stcarns has made satisfactory arrangements with J w. Dougherty, the owner. to occupy the premises, and in speaking yesterday of the transaction, was elated with the convenience of the place, while from a climatic standpoint, was over en- thusiastie that such an admirable combination should not years ago have been eagerly grasped by the many turfmen who annually come to participate in the fair at the capital city
 He says that in paving the way it Is practically assured that even this season there will be many other owners of horses who will avail themselves of the attractive oppor. iunity that has been open and who later will bring their string of horses here for placing them in condition
 Speaking of Airault, he states thai the three year has a record oI pacing half mile in l:i4H and I:ltA, and who was the winner o race in his class last year. He wa, sired by Direct View. a rotter o the 20sA class.
 NIT. StearDs also brought from tho capital city T. F. Fitzsimmons' three year-oId colt. who gives muel promise as trottcr The colt O Louis Sands. of Phoenix. sired b, Direct View. is also here 10 b' given working out Charles Evans of Kirkland valley, places in the ear' of Mir Stearns. colt sired by Der Dodfc. To arrive next week. | Mir. Butler. the we'll known eoas trainer, who has a string of si, racers.
 Al a small outlay, the half mil track can be placed in iirst-elas condition. while sheds can be bull as accommodation may be demand ed, at very small cost Mir. Stearn yesterday occupied the place, am