Arizona republican., 1912-05-20
FREE SUGAR
 HELPS TRUSTS
Very Startling Information Comes From New York Regarding this Great Combine of Household Necessity.
Special CorresponjencoD


 various industrial combinations or trusts that have grown to size and in- flueus- so rapidly during the past twenty wears. there is grave Likelihood that ly another course of action 1t wll fal under the control of the most powerful and far-reaching of all exist ing trusts. so far at least as one inn p0rtau. industry is concerned. That at any rate is the opinion of authori- ties here who have read of the pro Bosai t1 reverse what has been the his toric policy of Europe as we'll as America by removing the tariff on inn ported sugar and abandoning the at tempt n build up domestic sugar growing industry in the United States These European authorities realize bet ter perhaps than do those Americans who are back of this proposal the au- 1ocratic and world wide power eX- ,rciscd over the sugar industry by the Brussels conference which is in erality lne greatest of all trusts because it is a trust organized and controlled by nation Persons on the other side of the Atlantic can have no conception of the bitter struggle that has been carriel on for nearly 1 century among the leading powers of Europe to secure a dominating position in the sugar i'm dustry. al struggle of fierce and at times nearIy as burdeusOme as the race for mightier armaments and one that has been halted only by a sort of armed truce and hy stringent reGula- lion under the powerful authority of the governments themselves.
 For q hundred years now Europe has been fearful about sugar. It has been great political bogie Statesman have schemed and intrigued and bulIied ani prayed and all but declared war to secure an adequate supply or sugar growing and their manufacturers into sugar making by the most generous bounties. and by establishing heavy tariffs against foreign sugars. The widest efforts have been made to make each country on the continent eeIf-sUppOrting in the matter of sugar. European rulers have devoted nearly as much attention to the puzzle of the sugar supply IS they have 10 that over bread to which indeed 1t is intimately related There have been revolutions about bread The French revolution was primarily a bread revolution And il is conceivable that Europe may yet have sugar revolution.
 This may appear fantastic. But Europe's remarkable solicitude about sugar indicates the importance ot maintaining the sugar supply Every civilized person now demands from 3C 10 100 DOuTds of sugar year. Tn" aE craze per capita consumption in the United States is about eighty pounds From Portland. Maine. to Portland oregon. Americans eat about seven ant a quarter billion pounds q year. The average consumption in Great Britain is still higher anu amounts to nearll N2 pounds a year for each person. l is little wonder therefore, that th' problem oi assua2ing this huge deman, fr--ts the minds of statesmen.
 The European scramble for home grown sugar started with Napoleon He found himself fighting all Europe isolated his ports shut in from time L time and France perpetually threaten -d with sugar famine. Sugar was the made exclusively from cane. Tn method of extracting sugar from tn sugar beet was a novelty and had bee discovered by a German chemist q late as 1796 Napoleon ordered hi government chemists to take up tn matter in 1901. Experiments proceed ed. at first with little success. Mean while the price of sugar rose steadil in France. After 1896 it reached
 dollar a pound and mutterings againS ;-l ln Napoleon was threatened with a suga revolution. But he saved himself wit the sugar beet By 1910 it's CuItul was under way, and the remarkab discovery was made that by rOtatin sugar beets with wheat. barley, ca and rye. the yield of these crops W. greatly increased. By 1913 there wei 33 sugar beet factories IT. France wit an output of 7,7O0.000 pounds
 Since that time the sugar beet hi not Ony received the attention of El ropean a2riculturists for its own sak but it has been the basis of all crC improvement throughout the cOntiner By the middle of the century the n; tiOns were vieing with each other
 encourage the sugar beet nduSu within their borders and make then selves independent so far as a sug' supply was concerned BOunties gre higher and higher Tariff protecti( became more and more generous.
 Germany in 1840 had a beet sug production of 12,659 tons. For Ov sixty years her statesmen pursued
 policy of encouragement for the be sugar growers. The tariff duty gre from 259c to 5.S3c per pound on ra cane sugar imports and 3.24c to 6.4 on refined sugars. Tn a single ye Germany raid export duties of ov thirty million dollars Her total in the bounties for sixty four years w
 $351.455, ,G67.49. But they built up
 huge and profitable beet sugar indu try and by the culture of the bee
 doubled and trebled the yieid in oth crops
 Counties in the various countries gre so high that they became a seriO
 drain upon the continental treasuri' In Austria Hungary at one time t
 bOunties resulted in a deficit in t
 treasury. France, the NetherlanC
 Belgium and Germany narrowly c
 caped similar experiences. 50 fina
 the nations held a series of cOnferenC
 to curb the bounty madness and reg
 late the industry. For nearly for
 years the representatives of the pOwt