The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1912-04-26
NEW LABOR BILL
A TAFT POLICY
Liability and Compensation
Measure Progressive.
JUSTICE is ITS OBJECT
President Approves Proposed LesIsIa-
ton Making Federal Labor Laws
Fit Modern Conditlons-Legai
Machinery SImpllfied.

est of President Taft In all matters af-
fecting the workingmen of the coun-
try, congress has before 1t today
comprehensive bill on employers liza
biltty and workmen's compensation
which is recognized as one Of the most
progressive Of the many achievements
Of the Taft administration. The bill
was reported by a commission ap-
pointed by President Taft pursuant to
joint resolution of congress passed
on June 25, 1910, and it was recently
sent to congress by the president 40
companted with message recon-
mending its passage. AS drafted the
measure provides an exclusive rem
edy and compensation for accidental
injuries resulting In disabilities or
death to employees Of common car
riers engaged in interstate or foreign
commerce or In the District of Column
bia.
This comprehensive legislation is
the direct outcome of the general un-
sat1sfactoriness Of labor legislation
passed by congress In recent years
and is illustrative Of the Taft method
of reaching an admitted evil by
painstaking investigation followed by
carefully considered laws. AS is well
known, the first employers liability
law passed In the last administration
was declared unconstitutional by the
courts. A new law to take its place
was passed under this administration,
h,xk llu of
the time that the comprehensive meas
ure now before congress was to fol-
low, both as to liability and compensa-
ton, as soon as the necessary inves-
tigation into the subject could be
made. The result is that the work
ingmen of the United States, so far as
they can be reached by federal law,
will soon be working under one Of
the most enlightened labor laws on
record.
Provision is made in the bill, as
drafted tentatively, that every COM
mon carrier, engaged in Interstate or
foreign commerce, shall pay compen-
the bill to any of its employees who
sustains personal injury by accident
arising out of and in the course of
his employment, and resulting in his
disability, or to his dependents in
case of death.
It Is provided in the bill that the
injured employee shall have medical
attendance, and surgical aid, when
necessary, the last mentioned being
limited to $780, The monthly wages
of an employee is deemed to be 26
times the established days pay, and
$50 Is the minimum monthly wage
payment. It is also provided that all
compensation under the act shall be
paid monthly, unless computed to a
lump sum.
Death benefits are provided for at q
specific percentage of the mans wages
to be paid to the widow, with an in
crease in the amount when there are
dependent children and in case of no
dependents the payment of the burial
expenses is required. The matter of
personal injury compensation is also
covered In fair and equitable provi-
sion of compensation for the injured
employee.
Another feature Of the proposed act
Is a clear definition Of the term de
pendent" as well as of what consti-
tutes an injury and an employee"
Legal complications are provided for,
reports of accidents, payments and
operations under the law to the in
terstate commerce commission, are re-
quired, and 1t Is declared that the pro-
posed act shall take effect on July 1,
1912, and cited as The Federal Com
pensation Act Of 1912"
In its Investigations Of this subject
the commission determined at the out
set that in substance the doctrines OF
the common law originating under
comparatively simple conditions were
unjust as applied to the complex re-
lations of master and servant. The
use Of complicated machinery, steam
and electricity has had the effect OF
increasing the deplorable entagonism
between employer and employee and
often giving few injured employees
large and frequently extravagant dam
ages. while the great majority have
been left to bear the entire burden
without any recompense whatever.
At the time Of the adoption OF the
common law rules Of liability indus
trial conditions were radically differ
emit from those Of today. The number
Of employees was smaller because
there were few big Industrial plants.
The business carried on was small in
extent, the appliances used in the
work consisted largely of hand tools,
while the power was simple In char
acter with little danger to the en-
ployee. Under such conditions the
rules Of common law originated
Today there is a vast difference.
President Taft, in the message which
transmitted the report of the commits
sion to congress, aptly says, In speak
Ing Of the proposed bill: That 1t in
one Of the great steps of progress to-
ward a satisfactory solution of an I'M
portant phase Of the controversies be-
tween employers and employees that
has been proposed within the last two
or three decades. The old rules Of LA
bility under the common law were
adapted to a different age and condi-