davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
LOCAL NOTES FROM NEW HOPE.
Entire Community Saddencd nv
Death OF Little Robert BOYD.

r New Hope, April 1.-Special: The
news Of the sad death Of little Rob
ert Boyd at his home at Jordania
was received with regret by the New
Hope people. 1t Is with sad heart
that we write Of his death. He had
been a patient sufferer for about
three weeks, and. all was done ftr
him that loving hands could do. On
the 23d Of March little Robert be-
gan to grow weaker, and at 8 a. M,
his precious soul took its flight to
the outstretched arms of the Heav-
enly Father. Robert was the sec
ond son Of Mr.. and Mrs r. H. Boyd
!Funeral services were conducted by
Rev. l.. M. LYDIA at IL O'Clock a, M,
March 26th. The body was tenderly
laid 10 rest in the New Hope ceme-
terry beneath a veritable mound of
lfragrant flowers, placed there by the
hands Of loving friends. The sad
ness Of his death is hard to bear, but
the allwise Father knows best. To
the bereaved family and other rela-
fives we extend our deepest sympa-
thy. ~
Not very much is being done here
towards farming on account Of so
mnch rain.
The young people enjoyed u
charming sociable Saturday night,
given at the no .Ia Of Misses Ora and
Blanche GlaZenul.
Miss Beulah Elrod left Saturday
morning for Columbia, where she
Will take a business course. Her
many friends wish her great success
Ernest and Larry Glazener, of
North Carolina, are on an extended
visit to relatives here
Louie Whitmire, of Pickens, spent
the weekend with his cousin, Miss
Julia Boggs.
James Bryce, Of Asheville, N. c.,
is spending a few days with his cou-
sin, Miss Ada Morgan
Miss Wannie Morgan, who is
teaching a very successful school at
Jordania, visited homefolks recently.
Miss Blanche Cox, who holds a
position in Greenville, visited home
folks last week.
Miss Bessie Wood will leave Sat
urday for Spartanburg, where she
will spend several weeks with her
sister, Mrs. r. Hadden.
: S. NJ. Morgan and daughter, Miss
Lula, Of Seneca, visited relatives
here last week.
The many friends Of Mrs. P. A.
Brown are very sorry to learn Of her
illness. We hope to see her out
again in a few days.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
NOTICE TO CONTRA CTORS.
BIDS WA NTED-For the bull

BIDS WA ANTED-For the building
OF graded road, about 3R
miles in length, beginning short
distance west Of Walhalla and ex-
tending to the Gap, near Halls
Cabin, on Poor Mountain. Apply to
Jas. Fl. Darby at his office in the
town Of Walhalla, S. G. All bids
must be submitted by April 9Th next.
VIII let in sections OF 100 rods or
more.e
Will meet prospective bidders at
Halls Cabin, on Poor Mountain, Z
Friday, April 9Th, at 10 o'clock a. m.
J. II. DARBY.
April 3, 1912. 1914
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
FOR SHERIFF.

3 hereby announce myself a can
diUat" for the Office Of Sheriff Of
Cccnca GoInty, subject to the action
OF Che D@0locratic party in the pri-
mary elect ons.
JOHN w. DAVIS.
y nur'hi announce myself can
hidato lor the Office Of Sheriff of
Ocorea county, subject to the action
OF tbH Democratic party In the pri-
lnarS &ter ions.
w. NJ. GIBSON.
lbNrcDy announce myself as a can
dida'C t"E :he office Of Sheriff Of Oco-
nee count, subject to the action of
the uennocratic party in the primary
elections w. M. DILLARD.
iar"hE announce myself a candi-
date Tor reelection to the office Of
Sh&r'if ol Oconee County, subject to
the guiGS governing the Democratic
primary elections.
w. M. KAY
Tbe srte Ids Of GRAFTON P. WAL
NhR roai sctfully announce him a
candidate or Sheriff Of Oconee Coun-
ty $AhtGtt to the action Of the DEM
octal'l party in the ensuing primary
E5.4 a ,hrc1y nRoUnQG, myself q canUi-
nN"' .U,' iMe a!hc&50f $t5hcniT % Geo.
Hcs. * eG,t.t sS MS tGG taci,aT, pr
: tG t@nlotrarG 'F1r# 70 the primary
Ti"'3h0hS. 'AAl lHSf -. SAOoI>LE !.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
Large Powder Factory Destroyed.

Little Falls, n. j., April 1.-The
Latin Rand powder mills at Wayne,
miles west of here, blew up shortly
after o'clock to-day. The detona
tons shook the district for miles
around. Three Of the buildings were
demolished by the explosion. In.
formation as to the extent of the ex.
plosion was not obtainable at the
company's Office at Wayne. The
mills are under the operation of the
e. |. DUPONT de Nemours COMPANY,
Of Wilmington, Del. Two men are
already reported killed and three
others injured in the explosion.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
Governor Blcasc Dismissed Rhame

Columbia, April by formal
proclamation, State Bank Examiner
B. j. Rhame has been removed from
office by Governor Cole l.. Blease for
alleged neglect % duty in not sooner
closing up the defunct Lexington
Savings Bank.
e The Governors action took place
Immediately after he received Mr..
Rhames' reply ITO his demand for an
cxr'onaticr &c that Oficial's conduct.
Not uDns.iertHg the eXplaratioU sat.
8S5Eyg Ethe Governor, without Unr
3 y fffi3f, Issued Tie rCl9.Dva( proc
tdratinn.
y Is said hlr Rhamo VII com o5t
the Governors action in une courts.
i The Governors action in attempt
ing to remove me from Office" said
Mr.. Rhame, when asked for a state
ment, lis purely arbitrary, and his
statement that the condition of the
bank was not published is false. 7
shall disregard his order and shall
hold the office until ordered by the
court to relinquish."
Mr.. Rhame was appointed by for
mer Governor Ansel to the position
he now holds, on the recommends
tion OF the State Bankers Associa-
tion.
There has never been an instance,
SO far as is recalled, OF an official in
South Carolina being removed by
proclamation.
whether or not the Governors act
Will stand the test OF the courts IS
creating considerable discussion
among the lawyers and State Off
cialS here
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
Tor: COUNTY SUPERVISOR.

hereby announce myself candi-
aat@ for the Office of County Super
.59r, sUDject to the action Of the
Hanocr&.ic party in the primary cleo
:aDus l.. II. V. HOBSON.
hereby announce myself a can
itdatu for Supervisor Of Oconee
County subject to the action of the
DrmocDttc party in the primary
elections. j. BENNETT HILL.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
British Strikers MAY Return

London, April Since the begin
ming of the coal strike of million
miners on March 1, Great Britain,
1t is estimated, has lost in wages
alone $60,000,0O0. The majority OF
miners are anxiously awaiting COM
plete returns of the ballot being
taken in tho coal districts on the
question Of whether they should re-
sumo work. Thus far, of $4,000
votes counted, $4,000 have declared
for resumption OF work.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
t5oR COUNTY TREASURER.

~ accordance with the rules OF
tna l)onncratic party, l hereby an
rnUf"n myself a candidate for nom
a@Iiun IS Treasurer of Oconec
County, JOHN H. BROWN. r
hereby announce myself a candi-
Galc for Ghe office of Treasurer OF
GGoriue county. subject to the rules
&oNolnin& the Democratic party in
,he Urinary elections.
RICHARD w. GRUBBS.
respectfully announce myself a
candidate for the office of County
trea5nrar. subject to the rules gov
orU.ng ne Democratic party in the
en&uiug primaries.
K. HENRY ALEXANDER.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
iloa JUDGE OF PROBATE.

~ tho request Of friends, hereby
announce myself candidate for the
niira 81 fudge Of Probate for Oconee
GoGntg, subject to the rules OF the
Urruocrt:ic primary
V. f. MARTIN.
bore oy annoupce myself candi-
Ggte Tor the Office Of Judge of Pro-
bate for Oconee county, subject to
tho rules of the Democratic party
BoveFniug primary elections.
JOHN B. S. DENDY.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
Flagman McCravy Killed.

Troy, S. c., April IA Mr.. Nc
Gravy, flagman on the G. G w. c.,
fell under a moving train early to-
day at Mccormick, and was crushed
to death. One arm and leg we're
mashed off. He died in a few min
utes from the loss Of blood "a
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
County Farmers Union.

The Oconee County Farmers I'm
ion will meet in regular quarterly
session on Saturday, April 13, at 10
a. m., at the Blue Ridge High School
building, four miles south Of Wal
halla. Each local union is expected
to send a full delegation, as business
OF importance will come before the
meeting.
a. II. Ellison, President
J. w. Alexander, Secretary.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
r)n COUNTY COMMISSIONER.

hereby announce myself a candi-
GATE for County Commissioner OF Oco-
nn% subject to the action of the Dem
o"rt,ic pNrty in the primary election.
JACKSON l.. MILLER.
! hereby announce myself can
didatc tor County Commissioner OF
Ocouo~ subject to the action Of the
HatJocratic party In the ensuing pri-
mares w. r. HUNT.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03

Macon Ga. hiaHCi % PROT Wa..
r.. Bonr&l head Of Tha department
OF uatMHl science at WGS.cyar Col.
lege, dled at mis- nonfe al vlnevile
this afternoon. Death was due to
paralysis. He was one OF the best
known educators in the South Allan
tic States, and for a time held the
chair of natural science in the An
gl' Chinese College at Shanghai,
China
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
The T armerS
Of
Ocoraee CO.

have gotten into the way OF using
Standard 8-85-2-2 or
1922. We wish to urge upon them
the Importance Of using high-grade
goods. 1t takes the same time and
labor to haul out and distribute g.
S5-2-2 as 1t does 8-4-4 or 1873.
You give it tho same cultivation, and
the crop made with 1873 or 8-4-4
is far better than the crop made
with 1922. 1t costs little more,
but the extra crop will pay the diff
ference in the cost five times over
S-33 is an ideal fertilizer for red
lands and SD for gray lands. The
prosperous, money-making, money
lending farmers OF Anderson county
have quit using anything except the
High Grade Fertilizer.
When a man has used the High
Grade Fertilizer for while he quits
asking the price of the low grade
goods.
In using a Fertilizer with Q per
cent ammonia you only use about 8
pounds OF ammonia to the acre.
Some Of that Is washed away, some
Is eaten up by the grass, so that
very little gets to the plant. When
you have around $4,000 plants to
the acre the amount to each plant
Is exceedingly small. When you ust.
S-4-4 you simply double the amount
or plant food to each plant.
r you can't risk the High Grade
1ods on all your crops, risk 1t on a
part OF 1t and see the difference in
crops. You may take our word for
it~-you will find 1t profitable.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03

"My little son had a very severe
cold. | was recommended to try
Chamberlain Cough Remedy, and
before small bottle was finished
he was as well as ever" writes Mrs.
H. Silks, 20 Bowling street, Sydney,
Australia. This remedy Is for sale
by all dealers.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
Every Hotel Il Blind Tgcr.

Butler, Pa, April 2.-As a result
OF being refused liquor licenses, on
tho ground they sold to minors, all
tho hotel managers df this city have
decided to close their houses and go
out OF business until January 1st,
1913. There are eleven hotels. A
movement has been started by bust
ness men. 1t Is said, to erect a large
hotel to look after visitors.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
lFu& SlpT. OF EDUCATION,

! hereby announce myself a candi-
date t"l &c election to the office of
Fup"yiHeN,;ent Of Education of Oco-
nee CUFmty, subject to the rules Of
the Democratic party governing pri-
mary election
WADE G.. HUGHS.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
ToR CONGRESS-:

I ! hcreby announce myself can
didate Tor Congress form the Third
Congrt8slon District OF South Caro-
lima, subieet to the action OF the vot-
el@ OF he district in the Democratic
,primartes. MARCUS G.. LONG.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
FOR CLERK OF COURT.

& | Hereby announce myself as a
candidate or reelection for the Of
fec of Clerk of Court for Oconee
Co,tn ', anEject to the action Of the
Democratic party in the primary
election JOHN Il. CRAIG.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
Post Onico Blasted; $1,000 Stolen

Chattanooga, Tenn, April 1.-The
safe in the post office at st. Elmo, a
suburb at the foot Of Lookout noun
tain, was blown with nitro -glycerine
early this morning. The thieves es-
capped with over $1,000, mostly in
stamps. Dogs were taken to the
scene, but failed to take up the trail.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
Almost q NIiracIe.
Elijah Gillison to Move to Georp,o

Elijah Giilison to Move to Georgia.
Double Springs, April 1.-special:
We want the old and young of this
place to wake up and keep our Sun
day school in front. We regret to
learn that our superintendent, Elijah
Gillson, Is going to move to Geor-
gle soon, but we hope some OF our
younger brethren will take the work
In hand
Grover Pell has returned home
from Clemson.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
EU8i COUNTY AUDITOR

hereby announce myself can
utdate 20: nomination as Auditor Of
DcnnnG county, subject to the rules
,ov2rnin& the Democratic party.
d. A. SMITH.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03

.s.ss..s..s..se.s. .S.ss..s..s.
u ..S:s n NNOUNCENIENTs. !.
'l'sS3 'S'..'s'.' .s'.s..s..s..s.s..s..S..s.
:. Csaidi6ates Cards under this head
ms gSsii lGbe inserted for the sum Of
IS t4sstlietly in advance. Please do
not AlslS2as 10 charge to an account.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
#HorsH OF, REPRESENTATIVES,

I at lha solicitation Of friends, l
h"rahy announce myself candidate
for The lInuse of Representatives
from Qcoueo, subject to the action of
thu Democratic party in the primary
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
REV.) J. B. TRAMEL.

!. harcby announce myself as a can
diGata Hor he House of Representa-
lives nom )conee county, subject to
the acton &C the Democratic party in
the plilnurN elections.
& FRANK II. SHIRLEY,
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
Thousands of Alinrcs Quit Work.

Philadelphia, April 1.-Scores of
thousands OF coal miners quit work
to-day in the anthracite fields of
Pennsylvania and in Central Com
petitive field" OF the bituminous
parts Of the industry. Officially the
movement is "suspension" Of work
Whether 1t will develop into wide
spread strike depends on tho out
come OF the voting in union ranks
and the conferences between men and
employers within the next ten days
Anthracite miners are more appre-
hehslve than bltuminous miners as
to the ultimate outcome This is
due to hte fact that there Is no def
mite agreement Immediately in sight
between hard coal men.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
Bryson's Murder Result OF C;nsp,roc,

Cross Hill, S. c., April 2.-Accord-
ing to reports received here the
white residents Of Mountville and vi
cinity have learned OF the existence
Of a negro secret society in their
midst and to this society attribute
the murder of William r. Bryson,
the prominent young farmer mur.
dered on his plantation here last
week. 1t Is said that confessions
have been secured from some of the
negro members of this lodge and the
murder of Mr.. Bryson seems to have
been a prearranged affair, the negro
appointed for the job having been
make good his escape, which It
seems at this time he has succeeded
IN doing.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-04-03
Gives Her Third Chance.

Houghton, Mich, April 1.-"Now
that you have a chance to get a third
husband, for Gods sake don't talk
him to DEATH So read a note which
Henry Juntunson. prosperous Otter
Lake farmer, wrote to his wife Just
before tying a moose about his neck
and then sending revolver shot
through his brain. The BODY vas
found hanging in shed Juntunson
was tho woman's second husband.
Seven children survive him.
Almost u Miracle.
one OF the most startling changes
ever seen IN any man, according to
W. B. Holsclaw, Clarendon, Texas.
was effected years ago in his bro
ther. He writes that all our fam
lily thought he was going into con-
sumption, but he began to use Dr.
King s New Discovery, and was com
pletely cured by ten bottles. Now
he Is sound and well and weighs 21S
pounds. For many years our family
has used this wonderful remedy for
coughs and colds with excellent re-
suits It's quick, safe, reliable and
guaranteed. Price soc. and 81.
Trial bottle free at all druggists,
The Washington herald., 1912-07-30
WOULD PROHIBIT FLoGGNG,
Wilson Introduces Measures 10 sfo,
Practice I'm District School.

Having been given to understand from
what he considers authoritative source,
that whipping and other forms Of cor
poral punishment are practiced in the
schools Of the District, Representative
William B. Wilson Of PennsylvanIa.
chairman Of the, Labor Committee, YES
terday introduced a bill to put a stop
to the alleged practice.
Mr.. Wilson's bill provides that fog
ging and all forms of corporal punish.
ment are hereby prohibited in the public
schools OF the District of Columbia and
no form Of corporal punishment shall
be deemed justifiable, and any teacher,
officer. or employe of said schools who
shall violate the aforesaid provisions of
this act. OF either thereof. shall be deemed
guilty OF misdemeanor. punishable by
Imprisonment for not less than three
months or more than two years"
Mr. Wilson said yesterday that he did
not care to divulge the source Of his in
formation beyond stating that he con-
siders II authoritative
The Washington herald., 1912-07-30
SUES TO RECOVER LAND.
Plot of Ground ,in Dispute Near
Alexandria, Va.

The United States yesterday filed suit
in ejectment against the Marine Railway
and Coal Company in order to settle
controversy over 60.9S4 square feet of
ground adjacent to the city of Alexandria,
Va, at what is known as Battery Cave.
The case is said TO be a test to deter
mine the ownership of a tract of about
twenty acres claimed by the government.
On the claim that the United States
owns the land riverwise from the high
water mark Of the Potomac. as within
the confines of the District of Columbia.
the War Department in its river and har-
Dor Improvements Aled In the property
in controversy by dredging. The Marine
Railway and Coal Company owns the ad-
tacent land to high water mark. and II
Is stated. lays claim to the addition as
accretion to its property. The govern
ment denied the claim. and erected
fence to separate the lands. A portion
Of this fence has been torn down by
agents of the company. IT is alleged. who
have entered upon the property in dis
pute.
The Washington herald., 1912-07-30
BIEBER RETURNS
GOVERNMENT LAND
Quitclaim Deed to Anacostia River
Property Given, Ending
Dispute.

Land bordering on the Anacostia River
between Eighteenth and Twenty-third
Streets Southeast, yesterday was volun-
tarfly turned over to the United States
by Sidney Bieber, who gave the govern
ment quitclaim deed relinquishing all
his rights under the law TO this prop
erty.
Mr.. Bieber acquired his rights in the
land under a paragraph in a public
buildings bill. approved March ., 1907.
This measure directed the Secretary of
War to turn over to Mr.. Bieber all in
terests of the United States in the land
lying south of the squares previously
sold to him, specifying that the land
was to be paid for at such a price as
the Secretary of War should find proper
upon the consideration Of all circum-
stances.
The price decided upon was held to be
too high by Mr.. Bieber, and he did not
purchase the property; nevertheless. the
law was felt to give him such interest
In the land as to stand in the way of the
proposed reclamation of the Anacostia
River flats.
The Washington herald., 1912-07-30
JAMES E. GARDNER RETIRED.
Medical Director of Navy Reache.
Age Limit.

Having reached the age limit, James
E. Gardner. medical director OF the
Navy was placed on the retired list yes
terday. He was born in Virginia in 1850.
and was appointed to the navy from
Kentucky In 1876.
He was at the bombardment of Alex
andria, Egypt. and during the Spanish
American War was in the first attack
upon Santiago and with McCalla AT
Guantanamo. From 1895 to 1901 he was
marine recruiting officer at Boston. For
time he was in charge of the naval
hospital at Cavite. From 1906 to 1905 he
was fleet surgeon of the Pacific SQUAD
ron. Since then he has been located in
this city. In 1911 he was appointed med
ical director with the rank of captain
The Washington herald., 1912-07-30
SHOOTS PLAYMATE
WITH TARGET RIFLE
Portraying 'Dead-aim Dick" Proves
Almost Fatal to Eleven
year.old Boy.

Portraying "Dead-aim Dick" in realis-
tic style. George Kropp. thirteen years
old. accidentally shot his felIow-playmate.
Max Stein. eleven years old. while tar
getting At a bottle held by the latter in
the back yard of the latter's home. l245
Seventh Street Northwest, yesterday aft
ernoon.
On realizing that mis- chum was shot.
Kropp ran and told STEMS parents of
the accident. Stein was picked up and
rushed to the Emergency Hospital, where
II was found that .22-caliber bullet from
a cat rife had lodged In the youth's s
stomach. His condition Is serious, but
not fatal.
After seeing that his chum was given
surgical attention the Kropp boy disap-
peared. Later in the evening he walked
into No. Precinct station in company
with his father, but was released on the
strength of the parents promise to keep
George in immediate touch with the po-
lice pending the results Of STEMS con-
dition.
The Washington herald., 1912-07-30
MAY LICENSE VEHICLES.
Senate to BE Asked to Pass Bill
Approved by House.

The Commissioners are preparing TO
report a bill to the Senate making Ii
censes compulsory for drivers OF public
cenveyances. This bill passed the House
on July S.
Maj. Sylvester, superintendent OF
police, has urged the adoption OF such
a measure for several years. He be-
lieves that putting the drivers under the
surveillance of the police, would be a
large step toward guaranteeing patrons
honest treatment.
Many cases are said to have come to
the attention of the police, in which in
toxicated patrons of public vehicles have
been robbed or shamelessly overcharyed
by 'cabbies." In such cases, there has
been no prosecution because the victim
has feared notoriety.
Licensing the drivers, the major be-
lieves. would be a great moral stim-
ulant to the profession, as, in case
abuses were reported against a driver.
which upon investigation turned out to
be correct, he would have his license
revoked,
The Washington herald., 1912-07-30
CAMP AT RIVER VIEW.
squads of Boys to Spend
Vacation I'm Open.

an addition of twenty-three delighted
campers yesterday. The newcomers will
be initiated into the possibilities of camp
life, as most Of the bays there last week
have concluded to stay until August /.
This means that the camp is fiiled to its
capacity.
New arrivals at the camp are Frank
Smith William Thomasson. Wesley AL
len. Anton Sniegoski. William Gee. Cor
don Thompson, Lorence Brandon. Harry
McGhan. Frank White, Ernest Elwood.
Arnell Carpenter. Charles Schmidt, Err
nest Ctz, Henry Pirtle. Oscare wilkin-
son, Marshall Nevis. Alvin Biggs,
Dwight Terry. Charles Starnell. Chester
Guy. Joseph Pitts. Harold Keys, T. r.
Pirtie, Richard Wilkinson, Walter Jex.
and Warren Biggs.