davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1912-04-25

haps the best is to apply tincture of
iodine with swab. Do this every
few days till the areas take on
healthy appearance.
Noduar Disease.
Nodular disease is common condi-
ton in sheep of the Middle West, while
it is said to be rarer among range
sheep. The disease gets it's name from
the presence of numerous nodules on
the outside of the intestines. 1t is
caused by small worm, which in its
adult stage is about three-fourths to
one inch long. The mature female
lays eggs in the intestines. Eggs
hatch in short time and the small
immature worms work their way
through the internal mucous coat and
lodge themselves next to the outside
covering of the intestines. The irri-
tation produced by the worms seems
to give rise to the nodules.
Symptoms of nodular disease are
not very characteristic. Severe cases
cause emaciation and diarrhea. Posi-
tive diagnosis is made only by examin-
ing slaughtered animals. The disease
is often mistaken for tuberculosis.
Treatment must be largely proven
tive; for the encysted worms are be-
yond the reach of medicines, though
medicines may be of assistance in at
lacking adult worms in the intestines.
Avoid purchases from suspected
flocks. Avoid pond water and wells
subject to surface contamination Do
not keep sheep many years in success
sion on the same pastures. Sheep are
safer from parasitic diseases in gen.
eral when moved several times each
season to different pastures and fed
on different sowed forage crops.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1912-04-25
FLAX WILT.
Trouble Quite Prevalent Throughout
This State

Trouble Quite Prevalent Throughout
This State.
The losses caused by fax wilt have
been quite serious in Minnesota. Last
year many large fields yielded poorly
because of wilt The trouble seems
to be quite prevalent throughout the
different sections of the state.
Wilt is a disease caused by a fun
gous parasite; it is not due primarily.
as is often supposed, to weather c0ndi-
lions. When plants are attacked
while they are still very young. they
may be quickly killed or they may per-
sist for some time, usually being vel
lowish in color, however, and appear
ing unhealthy. Many of the fax
plants which show no striking symp-
toms of disease, except that they are
stunted, have been attacked by the
wilt fungus and are unable to grow
properly.
The disease persists either in the
soil or in the seed fax. Obviously,
then, in order to insure against loss
due to wilt, clean seed must be used.
The land on which the seed is sown
must also be free from wilt, or the
disease will appear even If clean seed
be used.
Seed fax should first be very thor
oughly famed in order to get rid OF
all light seeds, chaff, pieces of straw,
etc. Then it should be spread out on
floor or canvas, which has been
previously we'll washed with boiling
water or strong formaldehyde solu-
ton. Spray the seed with formalde-
hyde, used at the rate of one pound to
forty gallons of water 1t is best to
use compressed air sprayer, which
will throw fine, misty spray. While
one man very thoroughly rakes or
shovels the grain over another should
apply the spray, being sure to moisten
every seed. The fax should then be
covered for a couple of hours with
previously cleaned sacking or canvas,
It should be shoyeled over and mag
then be sOwn.
If the seed is carefully treated, and
IS sown on land which has not grown
fax for five to seven years, there
should be no wilt. 1t is important to
remember that untreated seed, grown
on clean land, may produce wilt al
fected crop; and. in the same way,
treated seed, sown on unclean land,
may produce diseased crop. There
fore great care should always be taken
to get clean seed and sow il. on clean
land.-E C. Stakman, Minnesota Uul
versity Farm.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1912-04-25
Virginia Creeper
as a Hedge.
BY Leroy Cady, Horticulturist,
Minnesota University Farm.

+ + ]. i. + + !: j. i i. !: !. i. !. !. ! !.
The Virginia Creeper. wild grape
vine, or even some of the ANNALS,
such as the wild cucumber and morn.
ing glory, may often be used to ad.
vantage as division hedges. The &C.
companying illustration shows a Vir.
ginia Creeper used as hedge. This
is trained over two wires fastened to
posts at convenient intervals. While
it is not as attractive hedge in win.
ter as buckthorn, or some other clipped
hedge, it makes very pretty division
hedge during the summer. Fruiting
wild grapes may be used to advantage
for this work or the cultivated Beta
grape may often be used to advantage.
The Virginia Creeper, Bitter Sweet,
wild grape and other vines of this
sort make very good covers for dead
trees, board fences or other undesir-
able things around the home grounds
Their changing foliage during the late
summer and fall are always very at.
tractiVe,
Hedge Plants.
The following plants make desir-
able unpruned hedges:
Spirea Van Houttei
Spirea Pruniioia
Tartarian Honeysuckle.
Mock Orange.
Lilac.
SNOWFALL.
Highbush Cranberry.
The last five may be used as screens
where a plant eight or nine feet high
is desired. The Spireas grow about
four feet high and are especially de.
sirable as Towering hedges. The
buckthorn, dogwood, Alpine currant,
willow and thornapple make good
trimmed hedges. These may be kept
at height of from two to five feet.
Buckthorn and Alpine currant are the
most desirable of these for general
planting
Wild Cucumber Vines.
The wild cucumber is one of the best
annual vines for quickly covering un-
slightly places. Once established it
seeds itself each year, making a rank
growth that Is usually covered with
white. rather attractive flowers.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1912-04-25
!. i. + ! :. :. i + + + !.
! Method of Pre:erv-
. ing Fence Posts.
BY E. G. Cheyney, Professor of
Forestry, Minnesota College
Of Agriculture.

+ =: 49,.
The farmer who has only a few
fence posts to set out cannot afford to
put in an expensive apparatus for CIV
ing them preservation treatment.
Nevertheless it may be quite impor-
tant that these fence posts be treated
in some way, especially if they are
cottonwood, willow, birch, soft maple,
Eastwood, elm or any of the short
lived woods.
The equipment shown in the illus
tration will enable one to treat posts
cheaply and satisfactorily 1t is moth.
ing but an iron tank, built of sixteen
gauge galvanized iron and reinforced
with three-fourths inch angle irons.
The tank is three and one-half feet
deep and three feet in diameter. This
can be placed on a side hill, as shown
in the illustration, or over a trench if
there is no hillside handy; where
fire can be readily placed under it and
its contents heated. BY partially fill
ing this tank with creosote or coal
tar to depth of two and one-half feet,
filling the tank up with posts and
maintaining temperature of about
200 degrees F. for half an hour and
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1912-04-25
LUMPY JAW.
Extract From Paper by Or. M.
RI. feynoias.


i. - = :. :. :. :. = = = =
Lumpy jaw or "big head" is one OF
the diseases which attract very little
attention, because it is of such slow
development and has nothing curious
or dramatic about it. 1t is a quite
commonplace sort of an affair; yet the
losses it occasions, the whole country
over, are serious.
True lumpy jaw may affect the
bones of either the upper or lower
jaw. 1t may not affect the bones at
all, but only the tongue; or it may
miss all of these parts and affect only
the soft tissues in the throat. A tuber-
cular gland in the throat may easily
be taken for lumpy jaw at that place.
A common abscess, affecting any part
about the head, may resemble lumpy
jaw in appearance. Lumpy jaw swell.
ings are usually firm to the touch. If
the bone is affected, it is honeycombed
so that a knifeblade or exploring
needle penetrates easily. Lumpy jaw
assesses develop slowly, and finally
discharge thick, glairy matter, in
which one can see fine granules like
sand. BY. smearing the pus in thin
film on glass these are easily detected.
Sometimes they are yellowish in col
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1912-04-25
They Will Thrive on Feed Which Cat
tie Will Refuse.


tie Will Refuse.
If Minnesota farmers will only study
the question of raising sheep as. an
additional feature of diversified farm
ing there are few but will be con-
WINGED of it's manifold advantages.
The investment required is small as
compared with that desirable in cattle
raising. A good beginning can be
made with fifteen or twenty ewes and
a ram; and the number increased if
desired. Give them frequent change
of pastures, on we'll drained land-if
billy so much the better-and protec-
ton against cold winds and they re-
quire but little other care. They will
thrive on feed which cattle will refuse
They afford a double gain, first
through the production of mutton for
market; second. from the sale of their
wool. Their droppings perpetually en-
rich the land. There are few farms
where sheep can not be proftably
kept; and this with little if any diminu-
ton of gains from other activities
C. r. Barns.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1912-04-25
Peas and Oats a
Substitute for Hay.
BY A. C. Army, Assistant Agri-
cui.urist, Minnesota Univer-
sity Farm.

+ J. J. Il i i = = 4 I. i i. !. 4. i
The failure of grass and clover
seedlings last season leaves a shortage
of meadow this year and consequently
a shortage of hay for feeding to all
classes of farm live stock, unless some
suitable substitute can be grown. The
problem is to grow some crop which
can be planted this spring to take the
place of the regular hay crop in feed
ing the farm animals. If fodder corn
is grown to feed cattle and horses
during next winter there still remains
to provide for the work horses during
the fall and until hay is made, year
from this haying season.
Canadian field peas and oats, sown
at the rate of two bushels of peas and
one bushel to one and one-half bush
els of oatS per acre, will produce a
hay that will meet the needs on the
farm this next year. Sown at this rate
per acre, the hay is practically half
peas and half oats; and such a mix
ture has very nearly the same feeding
value as clover hay. 1t makes a good
hay for work horses as we'll as for cat
tie.
The best way to SOW is to mix the
peas and oats together thoroughly in
the granary and then put them in with
the grain drill as early as the ground
is in good condition for seeding. From
one and one-half to two inches is de-
sirable depth to drill the seed.
CURING. Pea and oat hay is
slightly more difficult to cure than
clover hay, If cut at the proper stage
for hay when peas have formed in the
pods and have become quite firm, but
not hard. IF let-stand to this stage of
maturity the oats will have set seed
also. The time to cut must be de-
termined entirely by the stage Of ma
turity of the plants. However, the
crop will usually be ready to cut at
about the same time as timothy hay.
YIELDS. Yields of from one-half
to four tons per acre of this hay have
been secured and from one and one
half to two and one-half tons per acre
may be expected, depending upon the
soil and season.
COST OF SEED PER ACRE HIGH.
One objection to this crop for hay is
the cost of the seed. Canadian field
peas are at present worth about 50 or
more per bushel. However, if the
seed peas are raised on the farm this
objection may be removed, since yields
of from fourteen to thirty bushels may
be secured at not much greater cost
per acre than wheat, other than the
seed cost.
GETTING A STAND OF CLOVER
OR GRASS. If it is desired to have
hay the next year, on the field sown
to peas and oats this year, under or
binary conditions this can be done.
AS soon as the pea and oat hay is re-
moved from the field, double disk the
ground and harrow down to a good
seed bed. Then sow clover and tim
othy broadcast or in drills and harrow.
Disking in preparation Of the field is
preferable to blowing under ordinary
conditions, since the seed bed is left
more firm: which is desirable in get
ting catch of grass at any time. With
an ordinary supply of moisture, grass
seed sown on or before the middle of
July will make a favorable growth be-
fore winter sets in.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1912-04-25

Another advantage is that the houses
can be readily moved to new ground
or to the grain fields, where the chicks
can pick up the greater part of their
living. Colony houses are built in
great many different styles, most of
which have their merits A style
which at the present time gives very
good satisfaction is shown in the ac-
companying illustration. 1t is made
six feet wide and twelve feet long, and
is three feet high at the back and five
feet high at the front. By using two
large sized indoor breeders $50 chicks
can be housed in it, and they will do
nicely. When they outgrow the
breeders, these are removed, and
roosts are placed lengthwise in it.
These serve them till fall, when they
should be removed to their winter
quarters. This house may be used for
ducks and geese during the winter,
thus rendering needless any extra
building or coop for them.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1912-04-25

then letting the mixture cool for the
same length of time very satisfac-
tory treatment can be obtained.
The cost of such an equipment
would not be over SIS. 1t is light.
easily handled and can readily be
transported from one farm to another
One tank would answer for a number
of farmers and could be utilized for q
whole community. Such treatment OF
low grade fence posts would be found
we'll worth while.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1912-04-25
NOTES ON TOMATO GROWING
Successful Grower Describes His Meth
DDS of Cultivation.

DDS of Cultivation.
Tomatoes can be made to ripen,
with exclusively outdoor culture,
wherever Flint corn will mature;
which means that tomatoes can be
successfully grown anywhere in the
state of Minnesota. For a general
crop good way is to sow the seed in
the place where the plants are intend
ed to remain.
We sow the seed about the middle
Of April, using Planet Junior garden
seed drill, in rows about four feet
apart. Enough seed should be sown
to produce plants every. few inches in
the rows. If no seed drill is to be
had they may be sown by hand.
AS soon as the plants are up we
should start the hoe and the cultiva-
tor and keep them going as long as is
needed. When the plants get to be
four or six inches high, after danger
from cutworms is past, they should be
thinned out so that the plants will
stand about four feet apart in the row.
Each tomato plant requires about six
teen square feet of ground. Some
strong growing varieties need still
more room, but as a rule we do not
raise these very strong growing va
rieties.
BY the above method, tomatoes in
Southern Minnesota, in an ordinary
season, can be grown and ripened at a
profit for 10 cents per bushel If the
plants are to be started in boxes in
the house the seed should be sown
sometime during the month of March;
but 1 have had good success when we
sowed the seed in boxes in February
The shock to tomato plant, from
transplanting, usually sets it back
about two weeks. If spring frosts
threaten the early set plants, they can
be readily protected by pulling some
earth over the plants with a garden
hoe.
Tomatoes are not very particular as
to soil, but the varieties with which
We have the best success do best if
grown on a well drained, we'll ma
nured soil, and in sunny, sheltered
location. The one important thing is
to plant the right varieties. The best
varieties are very limited in number.
For early tomatoes the Earliana is
the standard. To follow the Earliana,
we plant the Bonny Best. This va
riety is not so well known in Mime
sofa, but it fills the bill just the same.
OF rather stronger growth than the
Earliana, it ripens about one week
later.-Dewain Cook, LETTERS, MINI.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1912-04-25

The accompanying Illustration shows
summer view of depot grounds on a
Minnesota railroad. This is typical of
the grounds of a number of depots
that have been taken in hand by i'm
provement associations or others in
terested in identifying village sur
roundings. Too often the depot sur
roundings are the poorest part of the
town. Nothing will give a traveller a
better impression of the town than
we'll keptsstation yard. This does not
need to be an expensive park, but it
should be Clearly kept. Tin cans and
other unsightly debris should be re-
moved and if possible small grass
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1912-04-25

plots should be located near the build
ing and tracks. If these have a few
shrubs, trees and possibly hardy annu-
ais or perennials planted neatly about
them the attractiveness is increased.
In any planting of this sort the shrubs
and plants should be grouped at the
sides rather than scattered hit and
miss over the whole area. AS open a
piece of green lawn as can be obtained
is especially desirable. Proper group
ing at the sides will only emphasize
the lawn and the lawn in turn will
show off the shrubs to much better
advantage than if they are scattered
Leroy Cady.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1912-04-25

or; in other cases they are clear. A
microscopic examination shows these
granules to be colonies of the fungus
which causes the disease. There is
no true lumpy jaw without infection
by this specific fungus. The infection
is spread from lumpy jaw assesses.
The most obvious suggestion is that
animals with lumpy jaw should be
gotten rid of before the assesses
break
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1912-04-25
OvERTHREE HUNDRED ATTEND

Many Young People Take Short Course
at University Farm.
Three hundred and seventeen pupils
registered, nearly all the first day, for
the boys and girls short course in
agriculture, held during the week of
Marc $50 at University Farm, st.
Paul. The young people of Minneso-
ia are showing most gratifying ap-
probation of the opportunities spread
Nefore them in these short courses,
and in the multiplying departments of
agriculture in our public schools, for
acquiring the knowledge which is
power" on the farm as everywhere
else.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1912-04-25
THE COLONY HOUSE.
indispensable to Success in Poultry
Raising.

All poultrymen who have expert
enced the difficulties attending the
rearing of little chicks when they are
confined, cramped and crowded in
small coops or outside brooders-espe-
cially during the cold, wet weather we
so often have in April and May-will
agree with c. E. Brown, the poultry
expert at the Crookston (Minn.) Ex-
pertinent Station, when he says that
''the colony house is almost indispen-
sable to success" He finds it much
more economical to use these colony
houses with the indoor brooders.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1912-04-25

There seems to be an almost
irresistible inclination on the
part of many persons to cult.
vate too much land. Land we'll
cultivated will produce better
crops with less work than a
large area poorly cultivated.
The small farm with the use of
brains will do better work than
will the large one where only
muscle is used
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1912-04-25

Twenty tons of corn silage
an acre were harvested last fall
by George L. Hyslop of Ohio.
He uses it for fattening cattle
and hogs. The most interest
ing thing about this yield is
that it is the result of the prop
er utilization of barnyard ma
nure. The manure shed has an
important place on the farm.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1912-04-25

; Do not, for the sake of the
) soil and those who will be de-
; pendent upon it after you, burn
; the weeds, stubble and vegeta-
; ton. Turn under all of these
; materials and let them be con-
) verified into humus, which is so
essential for the soil. Be pro-
gressive and not retrogressive.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1912-04-25
PROFIT IN SHEEP.

+ + + !. + i. \ i. !. + !.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1912-02-10

The Socialists made remarkable showing Tho
vote received by their candidate for MAYOR is =
pretty good indication of the way the wind is
blowing. =
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1912-02-10
LABOR HAS NO OBJECTION
TO PRISON LABOR FOR STATE,

The San Francisco Star in recent
issue printed an excerpt from one of
the state papers in which it was re-
counted that, since the law passed by
the last session Of the legislature
permitting articles used by the state
to be manufactured by convict labor,
a printing plant has been installed
at the San Quentin prison and the
calendars Of the supreme court had
been printed there; stating that here
tofore this work had been done at the
state printing office, but that with
convict labor it could be done much
cheaper. .ls~sa.s4 J. -: f.. ~.
The paper also expressed a fear that
al! the state printing would event.
ually be done in the prison" ssss 4 :,
Editor Barry makes the following
comment, which is full of meat: I'VE
fear none of your fears. We know
printers, because we are one of them.
They do the damnest foolishest things
betimes in the name of the Lord, but
few Of them ever commit a crime.
and in the state prisons Of California
today there are only enough to get
out the supreme court calendar,
which is issued we believe only once
every three n onths, and which any
not necessarily Z q typo mig ht
be able to mana Sc. 4 ,sSs5
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1912-02-10
WOODEN TRUSTS PERFIDY;
BREAKS PACT WITH PEOPLE

What is the object of a protective
tariff? Any protectionist will answer
that question by saying that it is for
the benefit of American labor. He
will explain that the tariff enables
the American manufacturer to get
higher price for his goods since he
will voluntarily pay his workingmen
higher wages than conditions of the
labor market compel him to give.
1t is easy enough to furnish abstract
reasoning showing this protectionist
explanation to be absurd and there
are numberless' concrete illustrations
which can, be presented to back up
the abstract reasoning.
The latest illustration of this kind
is being shown; at Lawrence, Massa
chusetts. There the Wooden Trust,
whose official name is American
Wooden Company, has some mills.
Women employed in these mills
worked such long hours that the
Massachusetts Legislature saw fit to
pass an act forbidding employment
of women for longer time than 81
hours each week. Just why it should
be necessary for a Legislature to do
this, when Schedule K Of the Payne
tariff bill was drawn in the way the
American Wooden Company claimed
would ensure the best treatment of
employees. some standpat member
of Congress can perhaps explain.
None of them has tried to do so so far.
AS result of the passage of
this act the hours of work of women
laborers were reduced and this made
it necessary to reduce the hours Of
the male workers also. Although
the wooden tariff is high enough to
easily enable the American WOODEN
Company to keep on paying the old
wages for the shorter hours and in
spite of the fact that the American
people have only approved the en-
actment of protective tariff law on
condition that the highest possible
wages be paid to employees of pro-
tected industries the, American
Wooden Company deliberately reduc-
ed wages. The result was strike.
This strike has brought on an in
vestigation which shows to how great
an extent the Wooden Trust has vio-
lated it's implied contract with the
American people.