davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26
BY @. NJ. SHULTz.

cause the heads Of the affected birds
turn black at certain stage Of the
disease.
In many cases birds die from
complications induced by the presence
Of the disease rather than from It's
immediate effects.
Blackhead destroys about four-fifths
Of the young turkeys before they are
six weeks old. and Of the remaining
one-f1fth, according to Prof. Cooper
Curtiss Of the Rhode Island Station,
one-tenth to one-fifth die at a later
date.
While there has not been great
progress made In the control Of this
disease the limits of ignorance have
been clearly defined. and it is believed
that the scientists will, in a very short
time, discover effective remedies.
The advice given by experts In the
disease Is. to quit breeding turkeys
wherever it appears, and this is re-
sponsible In a very large degree for
the rapid curtailment of the industry
In the eastern states.
The hope of the turkey-ralsing In
dustry appears at present to lie in
the West, and those portions of the
South which have SO far escaped this
dreaded disease. Breeders have now
learned, at least in preliminary way,
how to prevent the disease. and in the
West, where it has not prevailed to
any considerable extent. farmers have
taken up turkey breeding, encouraged
by the tremendously high prices that
have prevailed during the past few
years and by the hope that they will
be able to escape the losses suffered
by the eastern breeders who did not
know how to cope with the disease.
AS farmers receive about IS per
cent of the retail price of turkeys,
there is good profit in the business.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26

The mole, like the pocket gopher. Is
more or less active at all seasons Of
the year. but it is during the rainy
period, when the soil Is moist. that
his work is pushed most vigorously.
Shallow runways are then rapidly ex-
tended in all directions and old run
ways repaired.
When a mole makes up it's mind
to go in a certain direction, nothing
but concrete or stone will stop him.
The strength Of these little animals is
marvellous. They will heave up the
surface of a path trodden so hard
that repeated blows of pick will be
needed to break the crust.
In like manner the bricks Of side
walk are pushed up out Of place. and
on one occasion a run was noticed
heaved up against hard baked road
way over which heavy traction
engine frequently passed.
Ordinarily the mole makes his way
through the soil as a root does or a
stake when driven by the blows of a
sledge. The earth IS not excavated
but simply crowded aside. When the
ground becomes very hard, Of course,
the mole is obliged to excavate the
passageways and push the loose dirt
out through the openings Of the roof
of his tunnel
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26

Many a city family man. when he
comes to pay from SIS to 81 for his
Thanksgiving or Christmas turkey.
will be quite ready to affirm that per-
sonally he has no objection to the
passing Of the turkey forever. even as
holiday piece de resistance.
Last year In the largest cities FIRST
class birds brought from rs to so
cents per pound, and a IS bill was
hardly adequate to secure bird that
would sufficiently serve an ordinary
sized family.
h The fact Is that fewer turkeys are
being raised every year, the decline in
the industry having started six or
seven years ago, when the terrible
disease Of blackhead began to destroy
the f1ocks In the New England States
The ravages of this disease have be-
come so great that in Rhode Island,
which was once the great turkey state,
very few are now being raised. The
disease has spread to other states
throughout the East. and it's ravaging
effects have been so disastrous that
thousands Of farmers in Massa chu-
sets, New Jersey and New Hampshire,
all formerly good turkey states. have
practically given up the business.
This disease has invaded the West
to some extent. but it's ravages have
been checked because the means of
preventing 1t are now much better
understood than ever before, owing to
the industrious and intelligent in
vestigations started several years ago
by the Rhode Island Experiment Sta
ton. and supplemented by the work
Of the U. S. Department of Agri-
culture.
Blackhead is a disease of the liver
and intestines which produces form
Of dysentery and is caused by minute
parasites, and called blackhead be-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26
APPARATUS FOR coMB-nohEY
PRODUCTION
BY GEO. s. DEMUTH.

A beehive must serve the dual pur-
pose of being a home for colony or
bees and at the same time q. tool for
the beekeeper. Its main require
quirements are along the line OF Its
adaptation to the various manipula-
tions of the apiary in SO far as these
do not materially interfere with the
protection and comfort it affords the
colony Of bees. Since rapid manipu-
lation is greatly facilitated by simple
and uniform apparatus. one Of the
fundamental requirements of the
equipment in hives Is that they be Of
the same style and size. with all parts
exactly alike and interchangeable
throughout the apiary. While the
hives and equipment should be as
simple and inexpensive as possible.
consistent with their various func-
tons. a cheap and poorly constructed
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26

beehive IS, all things considered. an
expensive piece of apparatus
For comb-honey production the
brood chamber should be Of such a
size that by proper management 1t
may be we'll filled with brood at the
beginning of the honey flow, so that
the brood and surplus apartments
may be definitely separated. brood
chamber may be considered too large
if by proper management it Is not on
an average fairly we'll filled with
brood at the beginning Of the honey
flow, and too small If it provides an
average of less room than the colony
is able to occupy with brood previous
to the honey flow. Unless the bee
keeper practices feeding, brood
chamber that does not contain sufh-
cient room for both winter stores and
brood rearing during late summer and
autumn may also be considered too
small. It may be we'll to note that
by this standard, If the brood chamber
seems to be too small the fault may
lie in the management during the
previous autumn, winter or spring.
OF course the brood chamber that is
barely large enough for one colony
will be too large for another in the
same apiary. or the character Of the
season may be such that all brood
chambers may be too small for best
results one season and too large the
next, so an average must be sought.
The sectional hive in which the
brood chamber is composed Of two or
more shallow hive bodies, making 1t
horizontally Invisible. offers some ad-
vantaxes, especially to the comb
honey specialist. Most of the ordinary
can be performed
readily with such hives without re-
moving the frames. One Of their
greatest advantages in comb-honey
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26
TO STOP EGG EATING BY HENS

TO STOP EGG EATING BY HENS.
AS the pullet begins laying, more
nests will be needed and it is very
important that plenty of nests should
be provided so there will be no quar-
reling over them.
The vice of egg eating is often
started in the flock because the hens
are fighting over the nests, break the
eggs and find out that they are good
to eat. Soft shelled eggs and feeding
egg shells without crushing them will
also teach the hens to eat eggs. When
one learns, 1t doesn't take long for
the whole flock to get the habit. and
then there is trouble indeed.
Soft shelled eggs should be guarded
against by feeding the hens plenty of
clover and keeping them we'll supplied
with oyster she'll and green cut bone.
Whenever you catch a hen in the
act of eating an egg, better send or
to market or cut off her head at
once. SO far as my experience goes,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26
BY l.. G. BURNETT

paper. gunny sacks corn stalks, screen
wire or the regular tree protectors
made of veneer this protection ex-
tending 10 or "a inches from the
ground. so the SHOWS of winter will
not enable the animals to gnaw the
bark from the trees.
Young and tender fruit plants
should be carefully bent down to the
ground, a quantity Of straw placed on
them and a few spadefuls OF dirt
carefully spread over them to pro-
tect them from severe freezing till
spring. when this straw may be scat
tered around them for fertilizer.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26
SUGGESTIONS FOR THE SHEEP
RAISER.

Feed some dry. roughage during the
fall and get the ewes gradually &C.
custorned to the change before they
are put on their winter diet.
Take every precautton to gain the
confidence Of the ewes after they are
put in the barn for the winter.
A change of blood is all right some
times, but too frequent changes will
ruin the best flock Of sheep out in the
country in a few years. IS
Castrate every male lamb that will
be an eyesore to yourself or do mis-
chief to any purchaser. s'1
Avoid leggy sheep; it will take years
to get rid of them. .
Keep the lamb pens clean and we'll
bedded; the young lambs enjoy being
in straw especially If they are in the
sun. 1t makes them grow. Disinfect
the pens to prevent spread Of scours.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26
HELP OUR COTTON GROWERS.

The Farmers Educational and Co.
operative Union of America are MAX
ing an appeal for the use of cotton
for bagging. At present tute is used
generally, being a little cheaper than
cotton, but the millions paid by Anne. :
lean consumers for jute go abroad,
while the same or a little greater
amount spent on cotton fabric would
go into American pockets. Jute Is
raised mostly In India.
Cotton could be used to advantage
in place Of jute for holding grains.
sugar, salt, coffee, beans, potatoes,
meats and many other articles. 1t
could also replace jute in rope and
Irvine.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26
SHAKEN FROM THE WISDOM
,s TREE. 4

The man who borrows trouble ~
rule, has to go of his own farm %
find it. H
The old proverb, There = nothing
new under the sum-" has no rsference
to farming. as,s
Why don't you like cold weather: it,
a sign you are old.
Some people become 20 busy that
they have no time to do anything.
Who is first in bed at your house ~
night? We will bet 1t 10 father.
Your life is your, religion: what you
do counts for great deal more than
what you believe.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26

Through a special ruling of the In
terstate Commerce Commission a
large part Of the wheat crop of $4,000
acres Of land near Idaho Falls. Idaho,
was saved. The farmers realized that
their wheat was ripening too rapidly
and must be cut at once. No binding
Irvine could be had at the local supply
houses and the matter was placed be-
fore the commission for permission to
grant a specia, rate whereby car
load OF Irvine could be shipped from
Chicago.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26

prOVlded the birds escape disease
Turkey-raising Is no more difficult
than the raising OF any other kind OF
poultry. 1t requires Just as much
but no more trouble than should be
devoted to the raising Of guinea
fowls. well-bred chickens. or squab s
In fact, where extensive range can be
secured, the rearing Of turkeys Is less
trouble than that of chickens.
Turkeys are great rangers. but as
they quickly become attached to their
attendant, it is not difficult to control
them. They should be fed and cared
for by the same person from the time
they are Matched until they are ready
for the market. In this way they will
learn to come at the call Of the at
tendant. and follow him for long dis
tances. from the fields to the coops.
If young turkeys are carefully
handled by the same person they can
be easily driven from one place to
another, and when storms come
on they can be quickly housed. In
foreign countries turkeys are dri"en
to market in flocks, and we once saw
flock of nearly 800 birds being
driven along the highway to the rail-
road station three miles from the
farm, where they were to be cooped
and shipped to the city market.
Texas is. perhaps, today the great
est turkey state in the Union. Breed
ers Of this state have taken first
premiums at many Of the national
shows during the past few years. and
the industry has thrived wonderfully
in the mild climate Of the state.
Turkeys in thu Southern states,
where range is ample and the winters
are mild. grow to an exceptionally
large size, twenty-five to thirty five
pounds being a common weight for
the prize birds
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26

production is the rapidly with which
the apiarist can examine the colonies
for queen cells II natural swarming y
to be controlled by manipulation.
There Is a wide variation IN tho style
Of sections and the supsrs designed
to contain them. This, while 20 some
extent brought about by different iooai
conditions, Is largely due merely 20
the notions Of individual beekespera
Comb-honey apparatus could prob
ably be standardized without sacIa.
ficing any really vital featureA
There are too general styles OF SEQ.
tons in common use differing IN the
method Of spacing-the beeway sec.
ton in which the spacsr - . part Of
the section itself, and the plain II
which the spacer Is . permanent part
Of the separator. Each style hes IT.
advocates and each Offers some i'd
vantages.
Some OF the advantages Of the plaan
over tho beeway sections are: az
They are simpler In constSuction.
therefore costing less. (3) The edges
being plain with no ,inssts, the plain
sections are more easily cleaned o.
propolis when being prepared for
AdAhc\ dAO dI0 SSp0NA0Ny SA0HSOO
to cleaning by machinery. (S) BY
leaving the spapers in the super. Sec
tons Of the same honey content oc-
cupy less space in the shipping case.
thus reducing the cost Of packages.
(4) The plain section 10 adapted to Al
arrangement permitting freer COM
munication lengthwiss Of the row Of
sections especially at tho corners.
Some of the advantages Of the bee
way section are: a. The honey -
somewhat less liable to injury BY
handling. (2) Being wider at the
corners where folded, they, are
stronger. (s) Some markets. being
accustomed to tho larger cases necae-
sary to contain given number Of
beeway sections, object to the smaller
package containing tho same number
of plain sections. simply because II =
smaller.
lsg
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26

Agents Of the Department Of Agri-
culture have been experimenting for
the past three months with devices
to trap English sparrows. It has
been determined upon that these birds
are harmful to the fruit trees in the
spring eating as they do into the buds
and destroying the cores
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26

The United States Reclamation Ssr-
vice has Just turned In report
showing S125 an acre has been realised
from the raising Of cucumbers on the
Huntly Irrigation Project In Montana.
Seventeen new filings were made on
the Huntly project In the month o.
September. r.'-s
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26

1t takes little more than per
cent Of an animals weight to keep 1t
up to normal condition without
making any gains and If exposure to
cold and rain and storms are to be
counted against it the feeder can
easily see where his profit goes glim-
mering.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26
1t Is the only sure cure.

1t Is the only sure cure.
Some people advise cutting the bill
down ito the quick. filing egg shells
with red pepper, etc., but this is a
great deal of trouble and cruelty, and
I have never known it to cure. Pre-
vention is much the better way.
Supply the hens with plenty Of
nests, guard against soft shells, never
throw egg shells out without crushing
them, and gather the eggs often.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26
BY. T. II. SCHEFFER.

The mole keeps at work all through
the winter in places where the ground
Is not frozen too hard. He works
more frequently in the morning and
evening. s....--
The great extent of a mole's system
Of a runway is made up Of the shallow
burrows ranging oyer his hunting
grounds. These are merely paths
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26

DR.. Young Of Texas, who at present
has the only herd Of Karakule sheep
head Of full-bloods from a herd OF is
which he brought to this country two
and a half years ago. DR.. Young's
purpose is to cross the full-bloodsd
Karakules with native ewes and raise
furs better than we import from Asia.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26

Philip Crusan Of West Alexander
lost the sight of an eye as result Of
an attack by a boot owl. The bird
flew at Crusan while he was crossing
the yard and before he could defend
himself had pecked out an eye and
severely scratched his face and hands.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26
and plain sections, unfolded.

In the Middle West lAborers ars
scarce and wages higher than at this
season for several years, owing 70
Canada and tho Dakotas drAining. the
market. Farm hands can e9saly gst
$s5 month and board. and workers
are in demand at 50 and $3.60 rsr
day at cutting logs, and opening and
building roads. esa.ss
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26

Plant parsley in pots or boxes in
some basement or kitchen window.
Parsley will grow with very little light
and furnish an abundance of green
seasoning which will be appreciated
all winter
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26

, crow one inch in diameter.
black and red oaks for true white
oak is less easily defended. because
thes" substitutes are very different in
quality from any of the white oak
woods
With numerous oaks. therefore, as
With many other woods the consumer
has occasion to distinguish. such
Superficial characters as color, feel.
"d"r, hardness, weight. etc, can not
- depended upon alone as distinctive,
s"ause they vary not only with the
re Of the tree but also according to
tie soil in which the tree grew and
ne season and manner of cutting.
The butt log differs from the top log
the heartwood from the sapwood, and
tie wood Of 2 rapidly grown tree from
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26

under the surface, made by the moles
in his search for food. They may
never be used again, and after time
become filled up by the settling of the
soil above.
The favorite food CT the mole is
composed of worms and grubs. and
he searches for these in soil that Is
shaded, cool and moist. This accounts
for the persistency with which the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26

No. I. Hoof showing prominent
frog" unmutilated "bars." strong
walls and cuppcd sole.
No. ?. Distortion of hoof caused by
acute founder.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26

ordinary sod makes an efficient nias4
for sewage.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26

The number Of horses in Paris has
decreased nearly $4,000 tho last
decade. g..
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26

|0lZZ|
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26
Sc HAS DRIVEN MANY RAJ,

DRIVEN
LAHULTz
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-12-26

.|1|EI=-.Z
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1912-09-21
More Beauties.

Mr.. and Mrs. William Starr has gone
to Palm Beach, Cal, and she and Mr.
Miss Marie Jacobs and Mr.. Karl ia
cobs. of Cincinnati, are visiting their
aunt, Mrs. w. B. Kahr.
Mr.. j. NJ. Crawford spent this week
on his ranch near Cottonwood Falls.
Miss Helen Hackney, of Atchison, will
MacLennan.
Mr.. Donald Riddle, of Marion, who
has been visiting at the Frank Doster
home, has returned to Marion.
Mr.. Dana Parkhurst has returned
from Lawrence. where he spent Thurs
day and Friday of this week.
Mr.. and Mrs. ]. r. Harrison have
returned from a trip to the lakes and
Niagara Falls
A line party was given at the Nov
city this afternoon by Miss Mary Calk
ms. The members of the party were:
Miss Georgia Neese, Miss Dorothy Coe,
Miss Violet Matthews, Miss Marjorie
Petro and Miss Calkins.
Mr.. and Mrs. James Booth will cele-
brate their fifty ninth wedding ami
'yersary with a family dinner tonight
fat the home of their daughter, Mrs. F.
H. Roebuck, 941 Morris avenue.
Mr.. Alexander Brown has gone 70
Iowa City, Ia, to resume his studies
at the university.
Miss Mary Kerr will spend Sunday
in Emporia
Miss Dorothy Porter is spending n
few days in Lawrence visiting friends
at the university.
Mrs. Roy Wilson of Sterling, is Wis
iting her cousin, Miss Mildred Guild.
Mrs. Pliny Snyder of Plevna, Kan.
spent today in Topeka.
Mrs. Flora Paris Howard OF Los
Angeles, Calf, will speak at the To-
lowing meetings of the New Thought
club next week: Sunday afternoon at
8 O'Clock and Tuesday evening at 8
O. clock at the home of Mrs. Lucia O.
Case, 1900 West Tenth street; We'd
nesday afternoon at 3 o'clock at the
home of Mrs. James Mcclure, 1921
Kansas avenue, and Thursday evening
at 1880 at the home of Mrs. LYDIA
Hardy, 1870 Lane street.
DR.. Orville Moore has returned from
three weeks trip east.
An executive meeting of the dele
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1912-09-21

gates from all the c. E. societies in
Topeka will have a dinner at the Y.
NJ. c. A. Monday evening at o'clock.
to meet Rev. w. F. Harding, president
of the state c. E. society.
Mr.. and Mrs. F. NJ. Hastings gave
dinner party Friday night for p
guests. After the dinner a program
of readings and music was given ~
Miss Ceora Lanham and Miss Ona
May Miller.
Miss Pickens has returned from
New York where she bought a stock
of fall hats that are uncommonly
smart and fetching.
Mr.. and Mrs. Reuben Randlett. 'r..
are the parents of a son, born Sept
IS. Mr.. Randletts father. Mr.. +. ".
Randlett of Ottawa, is his guest.
Mr.. and Mrs. T. S. Lyon have re-
turned from Kansas City, where they
visited their son, DR.. Maclay Lyon.
and his family.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. p. Hemphill and
their family will leave soon for Kan
sas City to make their home.
Miss Alice Larimer, who has been
abroad all summer, will arrive home
Tuesday or Wednesday of next week.
Miss Sue Haynes of Perry, Kansas.
visited friends in Topeka Friday.
Miss Vivian Horsfield, the daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs. Thos. Horsfield and
her grandmother, Mrs. Lena Shafer.
are expected home Monday from
Seattle, Wash, where they have been
visiting the past month.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1912-09-21

Cards have been received in To-
peka from MI and Mrs D. Webster
Archer of Chicago announcing tie
marriage Of their daughter, Mary
EIlzabeth, to Mr.. Edward Ieydon Nc
Brlue. The wedding took place Thurs
DAY, september 10 DR.. Nathaniel But
Ter OF the Hyde Park Baptist church
ofhclating- Mr.. and Mrs Mcbride
nave gone for trip through tie
North, and will be at home after No
Fember 10, Hyde Park, Chicago
Mr.. Mcbride formerly lived in To-
peka and had a position with the San
IA re; A Few years ago he was trans
1erred 10 chicago, where he has since
MADE his home. He was one of the
bacheior beaux, and the devoted knight
OF some OF the most attractive Topeka
girls OF his set. He was an Elk and d
member of the Helianthus club. lis
friends here had not heard of his mat
rlmonlal venture until cards an
nounclng the marriage were received.
=
Miss Elizabeth Holiday will take
the part of Queen of Hearts in tee
operetta, THE House That Jack
Built, which is to be given by local
talent at the Grand opera house, Oc-
tober IL and II. The Holiday family
is one of the oldest and best known
families in the city. and Miss Hclh
day one of the most beautiful and