The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-09-22


 in became independent nations or
 at period of evolution in civics.
 principles of which are described by
 Ionteqieu and from him. largely
 cribed in the writings of Mr. Jeffer-
 with local applications.
 fa1 circumstances and conditions in
 provinces, and later, in the revival
 ns or states, were favorable, beyond
 revious experience in the Christian
 For the acceptance of those advanced
 iples of civics. The mother country
 plished the thirteen colonies, each
 hate charter rights, peculiar in a de-
 to itself and by sufferanee possessed
 wide latitude Of self-governrnent.
 colonists were intelligent and aspir-
 They were brave and at once became
 isiastic patriots. With comprehensive
 igence and quencnless ardor, the in-
 ants of each province built political
 Buttons of their own, fulfilling their
 ideals. The province of Massa- Eetts banished the Baptists. the prov
 of Maryland tolerated all religions Ih Carolina prescribed the Huggue-
 and Georgia defied the stipulations
 s charter and the remonstrance of Ethrope, to save itself from impending Ire by the introduction of African {.s to cultivate rice and indigo and
 square pine timbers for export. 3 revolutionary war was fought and by voluntary alliance of nations
 se combination was contingent upon
 ary success against a common foe.
 same Colonial Congress that prepared l adopted the Declaration of Inde- ence prepared. at the same time, Art l of Confederate and Perpetual Union |e accepted by the states severally. 1.-two years of the rebellion against the K this paper remained unadopted be- fe Maryland refused to ratify until mia should reduce her vast area to | line of the Ohio on the. west. Nins Is under the Article of Confedera- convinced the Congress and the sey- states that the experiment of fed sd government needed a revised or | c law. The constitution for" the 1 led States or the states united, was Eresult. When North Carolina came vote for delegates to a state con- Hon. which would ratify or reject the |titution, a circuit riding Methodist II |cher took the stump In the eastern Eion where the settlements had been |e. He declared, under the constitu- an empire would arise, that the [ral President would be a powerful |arch, who would send his armies to tue the state. The first election was |vorable to ratification. A second at |bt brought the state into the union I after the government had been put t.,a nf rof inn ained protocol, intended to protect Il reserved right of secession, at the |retion of the state. Virginia, New k and Rhode Island ratified by ordi- ees in effect .reserving the right Of ssion ! that is nearly one-fourth of the |ess
 the student will refer to the copy os Declaration of Independence, printed yols l, D. B fourth line from the bot
 Messages and Papers of the Presi-
 S., he will at once see that in that 1loritative typography the word ted,u adjective descriptive of the re- pn of the states to each other-that is, t were states that had~become united the purpose set forth in the Declara- Finding the typography as here In. I wrote for an explanation to the 'piler. MT. Richardson, then a repre- |ative in Congress from Tennessee. He lied promptly that my discovery had en him by surprise; he found the small er ''u'' placed as I had indicated, but not before observed the fact. He I'red that the page quoted here was trotype from a photograph of the 'inal -slecunent sina the archives of the ernment. sf Z can be of no consequence in the study American civics, what were the acts B in Alabama in the reconstruction Tod, unless the inquiry be associated h the question, in what way will the ',le of Alabama perpetuate state gov Inent? hristianity is the foundation of en- tened modern government. Our rulers not be church members, but the fun tentals of modern civics are converti- |with the Fundamentals of the teaching Jesus. Individual liability and respon- Iity is the essence of Christianity. The tical organism must reflect the char .r of the men governed or fail of it's 4ince.
 he mind cannot reach nor measure into iunknown far enough to anticipate the 'nction of the states of this country Suggestion can come as to what or azation of the clements of government Id take the place of the states.
 tcepting the truism, that once state hys state, we are prepared to re- hber with profound reverence the 'ggle the people of Alabama made to b the state to themselves and their |erity.
 be- Cenfederacy was not schism, but evelopment. The war which has been |yed to have been the prime cause and instruction, the result was not war soldiers, but of citizens. The rebel r was the tongue of citizens. not the rah of soldiers. The farmer who called |the pigs from the boundless wooded |mons at the sunset hour. who cheered hounds in the chase, who hailed his Ehbor, quarter of mile away, from fstep to doorstep. made the note of "rebel yell" heard by one generation and lost forever more.
 |e have seen that a supreme court legislated into office by Congress in e, 1850. Of the chief justice, k. w. k, it has been shown that he was a I've of the state of New York. long res- It in Alabama and holding a place in first rank of lawyers. He was for a judge of court of record. years be- now. He owed his promotion in the lent situation to an extreme advocacy The policies of the dismembered Con- ks. B. F. Saffold, of whom we have ken, and Thomas NJ. Peters were the kr members. Saffold's formal opinion The eligibility of the negro race to cit |ship or the practicability of incorpo- hg 1t in our civilization, as given to Lernor Parsons and quoted in this les, was dametrically reversed by his hllment in office. He became a ye- lent scalawag. Peters was a native of hessee. He lived in Lawrence county. ing law office at Moulton, the coun-