Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1912-12-04
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+ DTG.E@Ty !
(. OF EXPERIMENT STATION I
I. BULLETINS. i
T Prepared Weekly for 4
& THE KEOWEE COURIER !
!. BY J. Linn Ladd. /
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Computing Dairy Rations.

Bulletin NO. ia, having tho above
title, Is issued by the Pennsylvania
station, II. E. Van Norman, author.
Feeding experiments conducted at
the Pennsylvania station and other
stations show that rations computed
according to the new, met energy"
standards arc much moro accurate
and satisfactory than those computed
by the old ''digestible nutrients"
standard. The old standard assumed
that all Of the digestiblc nutrients
found In a ration were used either
| In the maintenance Of the COW or in
| the production Of milk executing
what was voided in tho manure. But
more careful tests have shown that
there are three other means Of loss
besides the manure, namely, in gas,
in urine and in the bodily functions
of chewing, digesting and assimilat-
ing the food. That is, the muscular
and nervous energy necessary to
chew, digest and assimilate the food
requires considerable portion Of
the tissues worn out in these pro-
cesses. For convenience this loss is
designated ''loss by labor"
By the old standard, it was found
that Of every 100 pounds Of corn
meal, nine and two-tenths pounds
Expressed go passed out in the
manure, and it was assumed that the
otlicr 90.S pounds went to the main
tenance Of the COW and the produc-
ton Of milk. But more careful tests
show that in addition to the 90
pounds voidod in the manure, 9.3
pounds pass Off in the form of gas,
3.9 pounds in urine and 36.3 pounds
go to support the labor of chewing,
digesting, assimilating, etc.. making
total loss Of 58.7 pounds and leav-
ing only Alb pounds out of each 100
pounds of corn meal for the produc-
ttion Of milk. (And If she is preg-
nant, portion Of this must go to
the growth Of the embryo calf within
! the cow This Alb pounds Is called
/ the amount OF net energy in 100
/ pounds Of corn meal.
For convenience, the scientists cal
culate this net energy in "therms." A
| therm is equal to 1000 calories; that
is, therm is that amount of energy
which, If converted into heat by the
body processes, would raise the tenn
perature of 1,000 pounds Of water
. four degrees.
Now that quantity of food which is
necessary to maintain tho COW at a
uniform weight is called the main
tenance ration, and as a general rule
the maintenance ration varies ac-
cording to the weight Of the animal.
A 75O-pound COW requires four
tenths CD pound OF digestible pro-
tein and four and 95 one-hundredths
(4.9o) therms Of net energy for her
, maintenance. l,0U0-pound COW
requires'.5 (halD pound Of digesti-
Dle matter protein and GA therms
OF net energy; a 1850 pound COW 6
pound OF digestible protein and 100
thcrmS OF net energy. and so on.
Ii the COW is expected to produce
milk, she must have sufficient feed
over and above the maintenance ra-
ton to produce the milk; otherwise
part OF the feed needed for her
maintenance will be converted into
milk and she will lose i'm flesh and
weight.
To produce 10 pounds of milk con-
tanning 3 per cent of butter fa re-