davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1912-04-03
Residents Continue to Leave and Merchants Move
 Their Goods.
L2 MORE GUARDS
To The Large Force Now PatrOlline Leyees and Four Camps Will
 Be Established.

Arkansas City, April 3.-(SpeciaD- The exodus of twelve more families, the closing of the public schools for the rest Of the term and further prep wlo will brave the flood in trans ferring their stock of goods, merch- andise, household goods, etc., to the second and third stories of all build ings, were today's developments in this place while the Mississippi river slowly crawled up to the 50.4 foot mark, rise of s of foot during tic last "A hours
 A number of men were hurried to a point about 12 miles up the river to- day when report was received here last night that the levee was weaken- ing. Twelve additional guards have been placed at intervals up and down the river and four camps at as many different locations will be established tomorrow, one under the direction of C. c. Hemingway, of Arkansas City, and the ether three under the direc- ton of Lem Scott, of Louisiana.
 President Warrington, of the Chi cot ILevee Board, President Gilbert, of the Tensas Levee Board, and a numbcr of government engineers held a conference in Vicksburg&today the result of which was not learned here. A message was received here today stating :hat Congressman James E. Ransdell, of Louisiana, got resolu- ton through the House yesterday for immediate assistance by the govern ment for the protection of levees.
 The Arkansas City Produce Com pany, one of the largest wholesale firms here, today began the moving of it's stock of goods to Monticello and it is, said that several other firms will do the same. All Front street merchants are building scaffolds around their buildings for the, storing of goods that cannot be placed in the second stories. If the river reaches B feet, which is predicted. Front street will be covered with water at a depth of ahout> two feet.@>
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1912-04-03
FLOOD WARNING
 FOR THIS SECTION Arkansas River Will Reach 26 Feet Here Within the
 Next 36 HOnrs.
FLOOD STAGE, HERE
Planters are Preparing For the Worst -Leyees Holding All Along
 the Stream.

Many farms Sou'h of Pine Bluff
 along the Arkansas river, that have not already been covered by back water from the Arkansas and Miss issippi rivers, are to be flooded probably before tonight and uneasi- ness is felt for some of the levees
 North of th.s city and South of Pine
 Bluff, although they are all hold ing we'll at present and the engineers believe they will continue to hold.
 Weak places are being strengthened everywhere and planters and resi- dents along the lower Arkansas ara moving their live stock, their fam
 lies and their household goo1srr places of safety. z.1
 Another flood wesrning was issued by Section Director Alciatoire yes terday morning for the Pine Bluff territory and all section South of this c.ty. The river, as predicted, reached the danger line-25 feee-- here last night and was still rising. Mr. Alciatore says the water will reach the 26 foot mark at this place within the next th.rty-siX hours. The Arkansas rose more than a foot here during Monday night and Tues day and at midnight last nigh~ was still risings It. Iegistered q @ feet yesterday noon.
 At Fort Sm .tti q rise of one foot was recorded .Fenday night, after '.he river had begun falling there on Monday morning. Recent heavy rains in that section caused the water to come up again and at o'clock yesterday morning the gauge showed 21.5 feet at Fort Smi'h. At Dardanelle the read ng at that hour was 2S feet and at Little Rock 21.4.
 MT. Alicatore, says the Arkansas
 will continue to rise at all points for the next thirty-six hours at
 least
 Tn a special flooding warning yes terday he sad: Prepare for staga
 Little Rock and 26 feet at Pine
 Bluff within the next thirty-six 1 hours.
 While the planters are consider
 ably worried over the present stage
 of the river, yet they do not Jar
 much trouble unless some of Che levees give way. The back water from the Arkansas, caused by the
 overflow in the Mississippi river ter- ritory, is causing the greatet dam age and, annoyance in South Arkan- sas. At Arkansas City this is es pecially noted, as resident are leav- F ing there by the hundreds and house.
 hold goods and stocks of merchant disc are being lifted to second stor- l ies. The streets of that town ara Ifilling up with water from the Is'back water openings.' Few of the farmers have planted their crops. I The delay has been occasioned ns
 ehes unfavorable weather conditions 1 that have existed here for weeks.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1912-04-03

given in the supreme court after Harmon retired from office, his pre- parations and br.ef were used by his successor in the arguments.
 Harmon not only put life into the Sherman antitrust act by his pro- secutions, but he also made plain his earnest desire to make 1t an. ef- fective weapon for the use of their people i'll their fight against trusts, in 2 message he sent to Congress. This was done in reply ng to the house resolution of January 7th, 1896, in regard to the enforcement of the law against trusts and com- binalions. ss
 So much for Harmon's record in sense of the people while attorney general.
 As Democratic governor of Ohio, three terms n a Republican state, Harmon has even done better than while attorney general. His crown ing achievement as Chief executive of the Buckeye State has been his revision of tax laws, whereby real estate and home owners had their taxes reduced $7,000000 annually and the corporations and ra lroads forced to pay this sum which they had always eVaded
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1912-04-03

sss,-Good old spring tms has arrived and now is the time to plant your garden and farm. We have the larg-f est and Lest. selected garden ana field seeds that we have ever had. We carry from ten to fifteen thons- and mammoth sze paps seeds aud .neafly everything in sak seeds. All aiads of fancy seeI corn, sorsaum: !. kSfHE corn, german millet, dWarl essfS rape, timothy clover and ' \ faifa. Tliumph, N. Y. Rose and cary 6hio seed Irish potatoes just arrlvsd's ssfr1sh shipml Aof onion sets With x 7oii il \ aSashels of Bunch yard seed sesd s;xss ,s3tee potatoes next wesS We Ire hesaa srs for everythi"g 'n the sta3 fancy grocery lne' also fresh Vegetables every week; < g'ye us call
 Yoursst ti&lv, s 4s McC Cain Grocery C0F
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1912-04-03
Harmon Has Had the Most Distinguished Useful Ca
 reer of all Mentioned.
RECORDS COMPARED
Wilson, Clark and Underwood Have Little to Sustain Aspirations
 For Nomination.

Washington, April 2-What has each cand date for the Democratic Presidential nomination accomplish ed fGr the patty and she plain peo- pie, and how does each stand for real achievements?
 Democrats throughout the country are weighing the candidates in the l ght of actual results accomplished for the parry and the public.
 G9y. Wilson, serving his first term as executive of New Jersey (his first actual experience ill pub lie fe) has not been n office long enough to show what he can do in the realm of broad statesmanship.
 Champ Clark. serving his first term as Speaker of the House, is merely figurehead for the Ways and Means committee. Clark has served a long time in Congress. He has been ia wly good Cong essmaa, but when his whole career is an- alyzad it can readily be seen that, except for the fact that he is Speak CT, nc is not entitled to any more credit than hundreds of Democratic representatives who have served long i'll Congress.
 The same may be said of Oscar Underwood. By virtue of the Dem aeratsc landslide last November Underwood is serving his first term as Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee He has a ia r congre- gational record behind him, but is handicapped in public estimation be- cause of charges in the last sess on that he owned a large block of steel stocks.
 Iudson Harmon, governor of Ohio, has had, perhaps, more distin- eushad useful public. career than any other of the candidates. It was Harmon, while attorney general of the United States who delivered the first blow n this country in defense Of the people and against the trusts. Proceeding under authority of the Sherman antitrust law, he prose cuted to successful termination in the United States supreme cours three important suits.
 It was he who succeeded m hay ing the Sherman antitrust law de clsred so it would be enforced, and since then every decision of the su- preme court, which involved the meaning of the statute, has been de- cided in favor of the government, E and all of them have been based on the D oneer decisions which were the result of Harmon's prosecution of the trans Missouri Freight Asso- citation case. ~ 40*
 The government also won two other important antitrust cases those against the Joint Traffic As soc ation and the Addyston Pipe Company, which were instituted or orders from Attorney General liar mon.
 Although decisions on both we're
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1912-04-03
ELECTION DAY
 ALMOST UNNOTICED


 The city election passed off very quietly yesterday and but for the fact ,thsT the saloons were closed many would never have remembered that city officers were being elected. It is said that ;oneyof the polling places was not opened until about 10 o'clock and the balloting in all poli- ing places was very lignt, about 300 votes being cast. The nomin aes. ncne of whom were opposed, were Aldermen, First ward, Fred Fox; Second ward, J. F. Hut; Third Ward Ben B. Well; Fourth ward, R. G.. Johnson. City Attorney, w. B. Alex ander; City Clenk, w. A. Lee.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1912-04-03
TO TRANSACT

TO TRANSACT
 your business without the aid of strong bank and a Check ing Account!
 The modern way adopted by the salaried man of every profession as we'll as the firm or merchant is to have bank account, deposit often and pay bills with check.
 Fer convenience, service and safe ty have YOUR ACCOUNT with ethis bank. Established in 1S70-
 Capital and Surplus, $31O,OOO.O0 M. & P. Bank Pine Bluff, Ark.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1912-04-03

Attorney E. w. Brockman, of the firm of Caldwell and Brockman, will return today from Star City where he sittendad C1nyeIand chancery court.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1912-04-03
I feet by the lasj of the week.

Al feet by the lasj of the week.
 From all points today came reiu gees. Warnings have been sent out to those in the Arkansas bottoms seek higher ground and great fear is entertained by the engineers pa trolling rhe leyccs on that S de for the oKerstTained lrvees.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1912-04-03

Mrs. H. B. Mizeq, who spent the winter in New Yors. has returned to this city and is NOW the guest Of Major and Mrs. H. A. Mccoy
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1912-04-03

J. H. Watkins left yesterday fo' Little Rock and other Arkansas points in the Interest of the Ma sonic Lodge.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1912-04-03
Night Meeting


 President Collier called, the meet ing to order ats o'cloek.an the cir- cult court room at the court house last, n'ght: There were aboS 100 Interested taxpayers preseal and Several enthusiastic speeches aWerr made. Representative e4SEt ". N- Bridges was the first speaker. At .torney Creed Caldwell follexed. him and after short talks by R.. M. Gal braith and Charles Moore, Attorney Asa Oracle, of Little Rock spoke. z A petition wass circulated and re- lceiyed manx signatNyes for snbserip-I tions toward dlraising a fund to casrys.s on. the fight against the bridge. {
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-11-02
IhIng-Up

00oooo0o00o0o0
4 fsv yeAD go . ne0tes q he
Easlihh sobllity arrived h oants Bar.
basa. csllf.. % Witt . fsv neatAs. All
of the young ''blee1sr b tAs town
lnnsdiatsly beeans interested n
hin. % vhsa ~ ns1s it . psaeties
20 walk about the stsssls without .
hat his sxampls was geasraliy fol-
lowed. and Il vas not loag before sv-
cry young sport II The towa was 60
Ing without . head pieee.
ITS the latest styls n dear old
Lunnon." it was sxplainsd.
About . noash iasss . relative Of
the young Enslish noblsaaa gave the
GoAD oWav.
The PEER boy sssos - - esstins
bsttss." tbs relative sai1. rsessTing
70 ths youas nebls1as. 'Hs has -
Affection Of the brain. aA1 the dostor
sdvissl hin 70 euit veasiao . bat"
v6sthvith ~ youas sports ~
su0s4 thelr hoaloeas.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-11-02

fconnnsieatiess ssss 70 ths Hsss
:s .:,, 10 ssosS .s. ~ S' vs:: s:ss,
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-11-02
(Psid Advestissnsat)
eRAMOn0TntaS
USED sac TEA



Il = sasiss - pse6ssvs ~ color el
|ths hais tAas - reDtors Il. sltheush
|it = pessibis y % beeh. Oar sraa1-
mothers uA1ssseeed ~ sseesG Thsy
nsds . ''sags ~" aaA thsls dark.
glossy hair loas Sftss nidlls NE vas
due u this faGt Oar Dethsss have
gray hair bslo(s thsy ere Afty. bot
thsy are beoin1ing y aDpseslsts ~
vis1on ef ess Gyaa1nethsss u usins
Sage ~" fes thslr hair aaA ere fase
following suit.
The prsssst ssnsrstioa has The a.
vsstass Of III past u thst Il caa ct
. rsady-to-ues preparation called
Wyeth's Sage and Sulphur Hair Rem
sdy. A. . scalp tonic sna color ~
storss this preparation is vastly su-
perios 70 IL ordinary "saes tss"
mads by our Srsndmothsrs.
Ths srowt1 and bsauty Of ~ hsir
depends on . Ihsslthy esnlitisa e ths
scalp. wys(As ssse anl sulphur
Hair Rsmsdy quickly Kills ~ daa-
druR germs Which Sohs ths hair q ~
lies. color an4 Iustss. naiss the seajp
sleas end A@nithy. Givss ~ hair
.tssnsth. eeio'ta1 bsasty. ssd nskss
ct Nv0<lpt bstt's iron yess
lsssgist totayH He WIN give year
nensv eask y you ~ ~ salieosl
sftsr fAis tslaL 4
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-11-02

nsAsnah, The Mayor Of The City

u eonnaadsd that the satss OF
the city should b shut."--Nsh. 1915
whils living In comfort. occupyins
. position Of wealth. power and tn
auenos. Nehemiah heard related the
very uahappy condition Of his own
eosntrymsa In his home towa. Jsru-
salea.
His noble. esnerous. patriotic heart
was saddeaed. and he Immediately
sought opportunity from his kias TO
90 to their assistance. which was
granted.
He ssrsagshsasd his heart through
prayer.
For three days. without being
known. he vent on . tour Of iavss-
tisatioa-
Ne found eoadisioas most lanss'.
able.
Moral indigsrsacs. great poverty
and cruel oppessslea had greatly DE-
prssssa ths pseels.
Allsa feren AA1 inausaess were
rapl1ly dsseFoyias thsn.
Nehemiah decided upoa prompt
aad drastic aetioa.
Obstacles wsrs maay. bat With
great courage and good purpose he
began biz task.
ln spite of the mobiles he rallied and
uaitsd the psop,s.
~ some ot hls plans we're revealed
the alien Interests psrsisssntiy op-
posed all IN sgests.
Awaiting htnsslf Of sll bis legal
rights. support trom q newly inspired
ssA hopeful people. and whatever
maesrial as haad. be proceeded 10 ~
build the walls ee Jssusalsa.
TAfsats and sdrolt susssssioas BY
iacsassd nsighberins sovssnors. his-
draness repeatedly cast in his vay by
aiisa once holders aad commercial
nss. did not prsvsat hin iron ~
building Ne walls ssroasss shas
svse.
He nsxt sought 10 Improve The can
itary. moral. rsll.ious. eoansreis,
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-11-02

Cut towers Assys wet ''.'''''.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-11-02
! Safe Investe,,eat

We'll located Assia ~DGe prepsssy
= probably ths sassss 6vsssusn1 -
ne klamath nasls. ~ COW ! hsvs
ths sselssivs sals ees oo-sG slsiu -
eaia ssFss@ with IN sslld esnsssts
building. y Givet . snss lnssns. \
MAJ eAs esofss = buslssas ~ ~.
tins bsitss svsvt day. y inessesesd
Como u 80 ase The pslss an1 ossG.s.
Aiss ~ shess sssss vassss Maln
oil jLoo4s
- 49, =. \ PAsss 81
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-11-02
MONEY POURING
N FOR BIG FAIR
RmsG nxRoRf o. 1nR coaR.
saols.RR o. II. 'HRsDC0 Rx.
PoosFloK su0WD vlNANCus
AM m coon snAFa


unite1 rposo oerv>eo
oAN pRANcloco. Nov. a.-TAs
osss rsooss oe Re1Asy .. Durkss. tAs
se0Derellsr q the Panana-PaeiAe g.
pasietea. AAndsa 70 Pfssldsas Charles
q. Aeofs today. shows that bot "a
S1S.sol ee the slgnsd subseripeieas
pis1es1 fos ananeiAg he szposltioa
havs bssa paid h. TAis = jnss .
little short u % percent q the funds
promised. Although The sxpsa1iturs
os he buildias and grounds eea-
nittse hes bssa b ssesss oe o3.ooo.-
80. thers still rsuains . balanes h
Tie trsasury of 1sse.eAl.
Cut towers ANo. q Wet Maln'st.
The Haii 0sill serves svseial nsr-
chants isseh daily. IS sssss- siu
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-11-02

ment need not fear ~ 10 the outcome
OF honest endsavor In lts behalf.
Il IL the daily yins with principle and
Law that brings embarrassment. us-
happiness. dissraee and loss TO the
citizenship Of = community.
Toadyism toward alien Interests de-
stroys those Of legitimate character
Bladness 70 tho social parasite makes
possible the worm that mahss au-
healthy the body polite.
u 10 the framing Of charters that
would protect the impossible tovard
good government. clean municipali.
ties and . prosperous, happy people
that psrplexss the soious OF the city
Thus the camel strains mishtily u
the snat
NsAsniah would have . clean city.
not oas with unwholssoms protected
spots.
u was the alien interests that had
practically dsstroysd Jsrusalsa. and
Nehemiah sos rid Of them without d.
lAy.
IN Consequence. bis noble powssS
wsrs not ssutralissd By the attsatioa
SO aecsssary 10 ruaaias political
sorss.
what has been much os the cause
for trouble % frsassatiy spohsa Of
a. existing In klamath rails'
What hes given the mayor. coua.
ellmsa. police. business mes. eitissas.
20 much troselss
The saloon power. with all its inssi.
tutioas. Influences. and most dsmorsi.
isins and disastrous effects.
Like the mobiles Of Jerusalem. there
are those Who would sslnshiy proat
through the misforsunss Of oshsss.
and consequently protect the instita
tioa OF the saloon. but not one good
reason can bs sddaeed Why Il should
b kept among us
On the other hand. tsa thonssnd
reasons maintais why Il should b.
banished forever iron osr midst
For two years this county vas dry.
The song Of prosperity vas heard.
Our merchants nov struggling Tor "a
szistsaes. wosid bosss stacks Of
chseks that now 90 70 the salooa
Dsunksa men we're not sssa % our
streets ~ thsy are aov. Ha1 the lav
bssn enforced - u shoul1 have bsss
asd ceuld have bssa. the sasavesy
reputation abroad. the psoatisss COO
ssatioa amoas citizens and the NJ.
happy coaditios Of sGsirs voui1 not
sxist - they DO.
Our meschaats would not nssd "a
make the struggle Of their lives Ia
Keep from ''soins 10 the WALL"
Many homes would b happier b.
cause OF freedom from the curse Of
drink. and people would be aockins
10 entsr our doors-for there II no
city. or section Of country In the
great Northwest with 90 many natur-
81 advantages - We poassss.
Verify. Klamath Pals needs .
Nshsoiah.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-11-02

when hs tsiss 70 tssa oss tovs sp-
sl1s-lovn.
Aad that little sammy Evans Brown
10 aes sstisas1 with our little town
Because Governor West 10 cot coming
down
In IN effort 70 do things Up brown.
And now u little Sammy Evans
Brown.
Would be 20 kind ~ 10 leave our town
untii our nsxt campaign comes round.
And lot thinss cool down.
Who In the wide world u not In
tsrssted In municipal alfaissf
Why. for the love Of Miks. NJ. ~
citissn." who bursts forth with great
guips OF hot air In trying 70 state
that there Is only ons nswspapsr e.
tor In our town who 10 . STRAIGHT
forward citissn. and who without fear
or favor exposes eosrsptioa. grafe,
etc. II may bs said that the writsr Of
sach sn article might b. light In the
upper story or picked hsar-ssy %
the streets In order 10 frame up sueh
an article. (slgned) ~
"A TAXPAYER ~
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-11-02

The aans aal sdAssss es IL soa1ss.I
Editor Herald:
Notiag IN the nornins paper Of
ysstsrday's issus N article headed
under Letters nom the People. In
which the writer signing himself %
"Citissn." tries 70 simplify thiass IN
rotation 10 troubles brewing out Of
the littis lovs-ssps upen 4. vaaes
Hutehias By one Of the police ofaesrs
of our city.
''Nsvspspsr Talk" and real facts
eoncerning the Sane b the Arst sp-
proach the digni1s1' writer speaks
sbout In sxplainins thAt there are
few people In klamath Ialis Who not
only believe that ths slimy stories and
sditoriais that appear In the North
western from time . time and the
evening paper b IL various rscoursss
coming out sad corrsctins Sam Nv
ans sols-ownsrship paper. In IT. long
vindsd and ssysaethins articles are
non'bslisvsbis. but. IN other words
are 70 show thst the stories and sd-
ieorials are simply copy 70 nll up
space In the nornius paper. The
worthy gentleman Who signs himself
"Citisen" may ~ right in his views,
but TO try to make the average thiuk-
= believe II d usslsss.
Governor West II coming 70 town,
According 70 0anny's morning %.
around
TO clean up the town
Aa6 stop kicking Hutch around. -
'Tb ed 70 lsasn asA know
Thas The mornisg paper Il . show
= it's gust Of don'tyou'knov;
Cencussion Of Tie brain. OF courss.
AaA little sanny Evans.
Who'll b bsltsg kaown
- littis sanoz, uvaas DsevS.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-11-02

DAv
% e ssrs 70 have & plsaaaa, -
rsssssAias slsGs sss - -.
nv - aws'ss easa q Asas
nav ne: y vA'sA saiy I ~.
ssv eps's'sa ba.Arssa -
slyG Asa nslsss ua,,,...
s..aAe ass p'assa lAsn =
sas e'epssAi VI rich as1 ~,
allie. Tor lev osrsss ,ov.Sss
are - unitsa % sss q - ~
70 sae'd vha' wss . lev ,es~
ago aa s'mos' priceless lsuv,,'
u you desire 10 know eli ~,
What . moderate cum ,hsy -
ss Installed. call ~ 0REELUY
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-11-02

Special IN diamonds this asek. us-
trs nae white wssssltoeat s7s. 600
III rRASK orr. tn. y.v.,.r
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1912-01-12

Following is the full text of the
inaugural message prepared by
Mayor A. E. Shaw and read before
the city council last Thursday even
ing, when Mayor Shaw assumed the
robes of office:
To the Mem bers of the City Council
of Pullman, Washington:
Gentlemen In assuming the Of
flee of Mayor of the City of Pullman,
obedient to the will of the people, as
expressed at the recent election, /
desire at this time to extend my greet
ings to you and the hope that ! may
have your hearty cooperation in the
administration of the affairs of the
city for the ensuing year.
The new year has opened auspic-
iousIy for our fair little city. Our
people generally are prosperous and
extreme poverty is almost unknown.
For this our community is to be con
graduated.
The progress made in recent years
in the improvement of streets, eros
sings, sidewalks, bridges, etc, shows
a commendable spirit of civic pride
and bespeaks better conditions for
the future. Inasmuch as Pullman
is the home of the State College and
therefore the object of frequent Wis
its from citizens all over the state
| it is important that these improve
ments be continued, to the end that
no unfavorable comparisons be made
| between our city and other similar
cities in the state To this end | urge
/ therefore. that your honorable body
continue the work begun. and in ey-
/ cry way consistent with the financial
conditions of the city, add substan-
( tial Improvements. particularly
urge that you enforce all sidewalk
ordinances and create new ones where
necessary.
! The work of Councilman Henry and
| his associates of the Committee on
| Streets and Highways, in securing
the cooperation of the railroad of
/ ficials TO open up the bridges and
trestles in the city, so that a recur-
renee of the disastrous flood of two
years ago may not occur again, is
worthy of commendation. I urge
that this work so well begun may be
prosecuted with vigor until the pres
ent plan shall have been consumated.
! / desire to further recommend TO
you that great diligence be exercised
in the enforcement of the laws to con-
troll the yiciou elements of the city,