davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1912-01-01

me if the SOW had just farrowed would
be to give the SOW a good drink OF
warm water If it Was in winter and
cool water if il was in summer. In
a few hours | would give the SOW
light feed of shorts made into a slop
or mash by using water or milk and
add a little taukage if you have any
on hand. Feed about the same again
at night. Next morning increase the
feed little and give little chops or
corn in addition to the shorts, etc.
From this on [ would gradually in
crease her feed until [ have the SOW
on about full ration or the milk
flow satisfies the pigs.
AS you increase the feed the pigs
should be watched close on account
of scours. One heavy feed for the
SOW will ruin litter of pigs some
times on account of scours. If at
any time any signs of scours are
noticed cut the feed to about one
half or one third the amount and feed
dry for two or three feeds and then
increase as before, always trying to
feed not too much or to little. L be-
lieve it is better to feed not quite
enough and be sure, than to feed too
much and run the risk.
Would use a shallow trough, so the
pigs could eat when they get old
enough. AS they will learn to eat
much quicker by getting to eat with
the SOW, and by the time they are six
or eight weeks old they can be wean-
ed ii you prefer and they won
hardly know it if you use the proper
feed judgment, etc.
In conclusion will say that l have
never weaned pig yet. If | want to
breed my sows l usually breed the
first time they come in after farrow-
ing, which is about eight or ten weeks.
In about ten days or two weeks after
they are bred the pigs had just about
as we'll be chewing on rags for what
they get as to be trying to get milk
from the SOW. The pigs soon find out
the same thing.
Ii don't want to breed the SOW it
won hurt the pigs to suck until they
are about ten weeks old and then the
SOW will wean them, that is in most
cases.
Make a shallow trough for the little
pigs and give them plenty of room.
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1912-01-01
Live Stock
The Pig From Birth Until
Weaned.

(Read before the Texas Swine Breed
ers' meeting, by e. G. Scott, Waco.
Will say the subject you have as
signed me, 1.-THE Pig from Birth
Until Weaned,' covers the space of
time in which a mans success or
failure in the hog business depends
to large degree.
1t is the uneasy time and the time
when we are glad when it is past.
For when we get a litter of nice,
smooth pigs from one of our best sows
the first thought is, it | can just raise
them all, or if she won't kill this one
or that one I'll be all right. And
the first thing we want to do every
morning is to go out and see if old
Mag or Matt killed any Of her pigs
last night and especially the one we
have picked out. [ raised 45 pigs
from five mature sows and one gilt
last spring, which | think is very
good, but when [ tell you those sows
narrowed me 70 pigs it isn't SO good
after all.
What is the use of having our suws
bring large filters if we can't save
them. OF course, everything that
pertains to raising or keeping hogs
should be given the very best alton
ton by using common sense and good
judgment. But the two things | con-
slider most important for me is the
care CT the pigs from birth until
wearned and feeding them to obtain
the best gains for the least money
from the time they are weaned until
they are marketed
"Pigs from Birth Until Weaned. !"
Whoever assigned me this subject
didn't say where the pigs would be
or where | could find them to begin
with, in the lot, under the crib or on
the creek. I'll take it for granted
that for whom l am to care for the
pigs that they will have the SOW in a
good dry shed or stall about six feet
by eight feet, hoored with cement or
plank to keep the SOW from roofing
out hole and laying on the pigs be-
fore [ get there. He should also have
a good bed, not too much nor too
little, but good, nice. clean bed of
straw or grass of some kind and have
some tenders or boards nailed around
from the wall to keep the SOW from
MASKING the pigs against the wall.
The first thing | would do after he
had turned the SOW and pigs over to
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1912-01-01

heifers to Australia on a mail order.
They have small bunch of good
grade COWS on hand now some OF
them fresh and others soon to be.
The handsome and interesting pict-
ure in another column portrays the
popular HoIstein idea of the "best
milk in the world This picture is
opportune just at this time as Mr..
Fryar sold to Mr. Stimson, of the
Hollywood farm, his first Holstein
COWS.
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1912-01-01

the entire incomparabilily of the data
for calves the totals for all cattle
combined are not closely comparable.
INCREASE OF ONLY $40, 900, 600.
The aggregate value of all cattle in
1910 was 81, 495, 600, 0O0 as compared
with 81, 475, 600, 700 in 1900; the net
amount of increase being only S1O,
900, 900 and the rate OF per cent.
Dairy COWS were valued at $5Oo, 6l7,
600 in 1900 and at $7O4, 6i2, 900 in 1910,
showing an Increase Of almost S1o6, E
900, 600 or 1876 per cent for the de-
cade. This was partly due to an in
crease in the numoer OF animals and
partly to the increase in average
value. In number, dairy COWS in
creased from II, 135, 633 TO 20, $50, $40
or 20. l per cent; and in average value
per cow from S29. SO to S34 "a or To-
per cent.
There were large decreases during
the decade in number and value OF
most other classes Of cattle. Cows,
other than those kept for dairy pur-
poses increased 229, 279 or 2 per cent
but decreased in total value 81, 100, =
900 the average value per head going
down from S23. AT to %. 81. 1t is quite
possible that this lower average value
is due at least in part to the fact that
the enumeration was six weeks earlier
in the spring and that for this as we'll
as other reasons the animals were OF
lower average age in 1910 than in 1900.
What has been said of COWS not kept
for dairy purposes is equally true OF
yearling heifers. They increased 70, :
967 or IL per cent in number but de-
creased almost $40, 900, 900 in value
or from SIG. "a to $14.41 ger head.
Yearling steers and bulls fell OFT i'll
average value at about the same rate
fl ON S18.7 Is to S1G7. This condition
may be due to the fact that yearlings
in 1910 we're on the average consider
ably younger than those so reported
in 1900.
INCREASE IN BREEDING STOCK.
The number OF all cows and heifers
reported in 1900 was "a, 1863, 30 as
compared with 80, 500, 1853 in 1910 the
increase being 3.753, 485 or 1O.5 per
cent. This measures as nearly as
possible the increase of the breeding
stock on the farms Of the country.
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1912-01-01

BERKSHIRE SWINE R msve Sey Can li send
pairs not related. At the recent Southwest
" Washington Fair we got among other prizes.
Grand Champion ON SOW and Grand Champion
on boar went to an animal bred by u.s. PLINNY
SHEPARDSGN, KelsO, Wash. ST.
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13
SILVER SERVICE FUND
Russell and Overly First Towns to
Send In Their Quota

Much credit is due to the en-
terprising towns of Russell
and Overly for the prompt pay
ment of their pro rata of the
silver service fund. Russell
was the first to come through
and the com mittee was agree
ably surprised when that hustl-
ing burg raised the ante and
sent in $500 instead of the
$1O.O ass essed against them.
The Russell contributors are:
K. J. Wood, Geo. Platz, JOS.
Fisher, Ekren Bros, Geo. Pet
erson, Carl Erickson, Geo. v.
Solberg, Maier & Leumann,
Geo. Goheen, l.. J. Marsh, Jno.
T. Turcher, J. p. O'Brien, J.
G. Buckholz, Paul Lueck, John
Haugan and Stephens &
Schlosser.
Overly was a close second
and also overpaid the assess
ment, sending $500 instead of
$12. The Overly contributors
are: Otis G. Thompson, A. K.
Thompson, Paul Pieton, G. A.
Sebelius, Fred Hanson, J. O.
Smith, DR.. w. A. Plourde, f..
]. Skiold, Jesse d. Smith, w.
B. Cook, w. J. Smith, A. S.
Anderson and James Hetland.
Individual checks have come
in and these will be acknowl-
edge when the balance is re-
ported from those towns.
Who will be next?
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13
DIRECTORS Met Mere


The board of directors of the
Vancouver Development Co.,
held meetingMonday evening
at the Bottineau County bank.
Those present were: l.. J.
Mork and Nels Magnuson of
Souris; Ed Olson of Landa;
DIR. O. N. Begtrup of Rugby;
H. G. Harty of Omemee and
John H. Kirk of this city.
Reports presented showed
that the company's holdings
on Vancouver Island were
cruised during the past sum-
mer and it is estimated that the
aggregate of standing timber
is 179, 900. 600 feet. 1t was also
reported that gold had been
found on adjacent holdings.
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13

The election of officers in the
Masonic bodies resulted as
follows:
In Tuscan Lodge A. F. & A.
NJ: F. 6. Falkenstein. w. NJ. {;
Peter Scott, S. w.; p. B. Fer
guson, J.W.; Thomas William
son, Sec.; w. r. Mcintosh,
Treasurer.
In the Chapter: John H.
Kirk, H. P; Peter Scott, K;
J. ]. Weeks, Scribe; Thomas
Williamson, secretary; F. All.
Smith, treasurer.
Eastern S tar: Catherine
Riley, w. NJ; Peter Scott, w.
P.; FrancesFalkenstein A. NJ. {;
Florence Mcintosh, secretary;
Lydia Blades, treasurer; Anna
Adams. conductress; S G n a
Turner, assistant conductress.
The Commandery elects next
Tuesday.
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13
ReaI Estate Transfers

John ]. S. Wagner and wife
to Charles S. Wagner, $4,000,
ne 9-16O-S1.
Harry Pinkerman and wife
to Word Medical Co., 81, East
half lots 19-2O-21-22-23-24, block
80, Whites First addition south
Bottineau.
Olaf MOrtensOn to Sven Nor
tenson $1,000, e12 sw TO- -98.
T.. S. Hilleboe and wife to
Harold w. johnson, $500, NV
of block l, Faldet.
Samuel Dunbar to Richard
Marr, $500, s12nw, s1ane, 8.
1877.
Frank Butz and wife to Pau.
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13
Many Amusemsnts

Strangers frequently express
surprise at the variety of en-
tertainment afforded in this
city and there is good reason.
There is always something do
ing and sometimes we have a
real busy night. For instance,
last Monday evening The
Fighting Parson' held the
boards at the opera house, good
programs were offered by the
two motion picture theaters,
both rinks were open, Peer
Stromme lectured at the
Lutheran church and there
were a few other minor affairs.
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13
D0INes IN COUNTY COURT.

There was a hearing on peti-
ton for letters of administra-
ton in the estate of John H.
Dalen, late of Souris on Satur-
day, December 7. John Han
sen was appointed administrat-
or.
On December 9 there was a
hearing on report of sale of real
property in the Andrew Kob-
bervig estate. The sale was
confirmed.
On the same day there was
a hearing on petition to mort
gage real property in the mat
ter of the guardianship of
Mathilda Holen ct al of Landa.
License was granted.
On December 10 was heard
the petition for appointment of
guardian for Amanda r. Couch,
nonresident, insane person.
w. J. Cooper Of. Westhope was
appointed.
Today there will be hear
ing on final account in the
estate of Otto Oelschlager, late
of Kramer.
Licenses to wed were grant
ed as follows:
Tuesday December 3, to Emil
O. Bergman and Miss Christina
Krohn, both OF Bottineau.
On Saturday, December 7, to
John Hoff of Gardena and Miss
Pauline Hep of Kramer.
Thursday, December II, to
Fred J. Miller of Bottineau and
Miss Nettie Meyers of Kramer;
also to Andrew Opstedahl of
Overly and Miss Iverine John
son of Georgeville, Mimi.
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13
Brain Farming Not Muscle Farming

Grand Forks, Dec. 1O.-In
vestigat1ons conducted by the
North Dakota Development
League Press bureau at Grand
Forks, show some remarkable
facts regarding the progress of
agriculture in the United
States. In 1910 the United
States had population of 92,-
600, 600. This is an increase of
more than 500 per cent in ~
years-the lifetime of one man.
During the past ten years the
increase in population was ri
per cent. In the same period
the increase in acreage of farm
lands was 4.8 per cent. At the
present time only nine per cent
of the tillable land in this
country is not under cultiva
ton.
The lesson these figures teach
is plain. The population of
this country has increased near
ly five times as fast as the
source of supply. The census
figures of 1899 give4, 4l4, 600, 600
as the total of bushels of corn,
oats, wheat, barley and rye pro-
duced in this country. The
same total ten years later is
4, ,445, 600, 600 bushels. This is
an increase of 81 1000, ,ON-less
than one per cent. Thus while
population increased 21 per
cent, the production of great
cereal staples increased less
than one per cent, During
the same period there was an
increase in improved farm
acreage of 1914 per cent.
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13
Norwsglans to Make Splendid Git

Grand Forks, Dec ia call
for active work in the collection
of memorial fund as the gift
from Norwegians of this coun-
try to the fatherland, has just
been issued. The work in this
state is in the hands of H.
Bendeke of Grand Forks, and
N. F. Hegge of Hatton, both
members of the National Exc
cutive committee. At meet
ing in Minneapolis few years
ago from delegates all over the
northwest it was unanimously
resolved to effect national
organization and to present to
the fatherland a cash fund of
one million dollars at the cen
tennial anniversary of indie
pendence in 1914.
The organization will recon-
mend that the interest on the
money be used by the Norwe-
gian Sorthing each year for
any public or humane purpose.
There is one clause, however,
setting aside $67, 900 to be used
in restoring the famous old
cathedral at Trondhjem, around
which cluster memories OF
important events in Norway $
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13
Peer Stromme Here

Peer Stromne, t h t well
known Norwegian journalist
and globe-trotter, on the staff
of the Normanden at Grand
Forks. visited this city on
Monday and delivered two
travelogues. In the afternoon
he spoke in Norwegian at the
Lutheran church and in the
evening talked English at the
same place. He told of his
tour through France. GERMANY
and Belgium, where he studied
agricultural conditions durin g
the past summer.
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13
IN DISTRICT COURT
Grind Was Resumed by Judge Burr
on Wednesday Morning
ONE PIeeER CONVICTED QUICKLY
Shelly Of lansford Was Found Not
Guilty OF Selling lntoxlcat-
Ing Liquor

The machinery of district
court resumed its grind on
Wednesday, Judge Burr pre-
siding.
A civil case, Templeton VS..
Reynolds, was on trial all day
Wednesday. The suit was one
for $500 alleged to be due the
plaintiff, DR.. C. F. Templeton
of Brandon, Manitoba, on ac-
count Of medical services rem
dered a man named Henry at
the request of w. ]. Reynolds
of Antler. Reynolds accidental
ly shot Henry while hunting
and employed Tehpleton to
patch up the victim. Noble,
Blood & Adamson appeared
for the plaintiff and Bowen &
Adams for the defendant. The
jury's verdict was for dismissal
of the action. 1t is likely that
there will be motion for new
trial and an appeal to the
supreme court.
Yesterday morning the case
of State VS.. Shelly was called.
The defendant was charged with
the sale of Intoxicating liquors
at Lansford and plead not
guilty. The court appointed
Y. Ormsby Soule to defend.
States Attorney Weeks rep
resented the state. The jury
acquitted the defendant.
In the case of State VS.. Fred
Hendrickson, on a charge. of
selling Intoxicating liquors a
verdict of guilty was found
after brief -deliberation. 81,
The case of State VS.. Louis
Grover was taken up this morn
ing. L he defendant was
charged with grand larceny
and the allegation is that he
stole a building, a hen-house!
The Judge directed a verdict of
not guilty.
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13
ANNUAL TAX SALE
Only a Few Tracts Bid In at less Than
Twelve Per Cent

The annual tax sale took
place at the office of the county
auditor on Tuesday of this
week. Most of the land was
bid in at twelve per cent. There
were a few low bids. The
main buyers were: w. c..
Foster of Chicago by John Nc
Kenzie; w. ]. Elliott of Cedar
Rapids, Iowa, by Jos. Quamme;
w. H. Mcintosh of this citv;
NJ. Blinn Beede of Ipswich, S.
d.. by L. p. Sandstrom. +. A.
Rinkel of Antler and Geo. F.
Peterson of Russell bid in a
few tracts. ..r..
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13
SKATING Kinks OPEN
0hmavt and Trent Kinks Have 0pensd
For tho Season

Bottineau's two big ice rinks
are now open and lovers of
skating are making the most
of their opportunities. The ice
is reported good and the at
tendance large.
Ohmart's circular rink open
ed on Friday evening of last
week to big business and the
manager expects to exceed last
years record for attendance.
An electric piano will be in
stalled to furnish music.
Trent's opening took place on
Tuesday evening and the Bot
tineau Military band was en-
gagged for the occasion. A fine
time is reported.
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13

history. This cathedral is al
most as old as the nation and
is at the present time in poor
repair. The work of restora-
tion has been started but lack
of funds prevented it's compile
ton. The work of collecting
the fund will begun at once.
Naturally North Dakota with
it's large population of Norwe-
gians will play an important
part in this activity.
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13
Band Cenes1t Seem

Those sweet strains from the
band room two or three times
each week signify that the
Bottineau Military band-an
institution of which we are all
proud--is hard at work on an
excellent program for band
concert which will be anuounc-
ed at an early date.
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13

dictionary on the rotation of
crops, giving complete data as
no the different rotations used
and complete details of how
each crop was handled on each
field. The work was done by
farmers, but under the super
vision of w. r. Porter, super
intendent, and E. w. Hall,
assistant superintendent. This
demonstrates the use that
farmers can make of informa-
ton when it is brought to
them.
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13
Installed New Officers

At their regular meeting on
Wednesday evening the local
A. O. Z. w. lodge installed
officers as follows: Master
workman, Thomas Driscoll;
Foreman, 40. Johnson; Over
seer. Ed Schoonover: Recorder,
Joseph Quamme; Financier, J.
d. Kerns; Receiver, F. w.
Cathro; Representative to-
Grand Lodge, T. r. O. Malta.
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13
Demonstration Farm Report

Had the farms of North
Dakota been farmed as we'll as
the demonstration farms the
increased yield of wheat and
oats would have been worth
$33, 3O8, $40 for 1911. This is
the striking result given in the
report of the. demonstration
farms Just published. The re-
port contains a complete des-
cription of the work done on
each of the "a demonstration
farms, making It a regular
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13
Wilt Become Citizens

Two declarations Of Intention
to become citizens were filed
with the clerk of the district
court this week. The parties
were: Anton Adamson, resi-
dent of Landa, native of Nor
way and Louis Vicktor Wirz,
resident of Kramer, native of
Switzerland but later a citizen
of Canada.
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13
NIGH SCHOOL DEFEATED
Both Basketball Teams lost Games al
WllIoW CITY

The Willow City high school
teams made a clean sweep in
the basketball double header
played at WillowCity on Satur-
day afternoon. In the game
between the local high school
boys and the Willow boys the
score was 80 to II in favor of
Willow. The local girls team
was defeated 8 to after main
tanning the lead up to the last
minute of play.
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13
N. W. A. Officers

The annual election of ofic-
ers on the Modern Woodmen
lodge occurred Tuesday eve
ming with the following re-
suits: P. J. Scully, consul;
Thomas White, adviser; E. d..
Bower, banker, Otto Charm
holm, clerk; Henry Ruelle,
sentry; Charles Hall, watch
man; Henry Russell. manager;
A. r. MacKay and J. A. John
son, physicians.
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13
SCHOOL OFFICERS TO MEET
Annual Meeting Of School Directors
Here December ~ and %

The annual meeting of the
school directors and other school
officers will take place in this
city on Friday and Saturday,
Decem Der ~ and %. Outside
speakers of prominence in edu-
cational work will be secured
for the meeting and number
of interesting school problems
will be discussed.
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13

line Roseuau. $500, lot 3 block
4. Kramer.
John Torno and wife to Fred
Brand, $4,000 ME 25-16O.78.
Jacob Ohmart to Hannah
Ohmart, $24OO, lots 4-5.6'7-89.
block 1, Whites 3rd addition,
south Bottineau.
John 2. Shahane and wife to
Farmers Bank, Souris, $4,000,
ne 22-16O-81.
G. A. Anderson and wife to
Andy Thompson 81, lot 3,
block 8, Willow City.
Fred H. Stoltze and wife to
Frykman brothers. $3.50, lot 2,
block 6, Souris.
James A. Kennedy to Mary
J. Kennedy, 81, lots II and ~,
block Z, Lansford.
Eleanor Babcock and John S.
her husband, to Adolph Boedi-
gheimer, 5000, east 20 feet of
North 20 feet, lot II, block IA,
Westhope.
Maxbass Security Bank to
Thomas ID. Hedges and BIanch
l.. Corcoran, $500, VIE Sc, eHe
sw, lots 3 and 4, sec 80, e12nw
lots and 2, section 31-162-81.
First State bank Lansford to
Fred A. Lamp, $500, NV 23-
16O-S1.
Kate Cudhie to August
Springer, 81, e12 Sc, sw sc, sc
sw, 29-16O-75.
B. +. FELTON, and wife to
Franklin NJ. Mark and wife,
$64CO, sw 32- -164.82.
Herbert p. Smith and wife to
Joseph Donavan, 81, Sc 29- l6O-
83.
Ira Johnston and wife to
Ward Johnston, $500. s12nw,
lots 3 and 4, section 4-16O-82.
Emma Schultz to Ernest
Schultz, 81, swse, 13-16O-77.
John Hoff to Jakob Hoff, 81.
el2nw 27-16O-76.
T. J. Robinson and wife to
Charles Bowen, 81, lots and
2, block 1, Westhope.
Ernest w. kennicutt and
wife to J. NJ. Thornton, $500.
VIE l7-159-83.
karoline ". johnson to Tru-
man ID. Miller, $4,000, sw 27-163
7S.
Christian Thompson and wife
to Michael J. Teevans. $1,000,
nwse %. 1928.
Edward O. Haraldson and
wife to George A. Dunbar,
$45OO, NV 49, 16O-82.
G. 6. Hortness and wife to
William Craig, 500, lot 8 block
I, Brander addition, South
BOttineau.
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13
EASTGATE LECTURE
Prominent North Dakotan Spoke on
''Blrds Of North Dakota"
STUDYING WINTER LIFE OF BIRDS
Lecturer Left Here Sunday to Tour
the Turtle Mountains on Foot
and Study Winter Birds

Those interested in bird life
in North Dakota enjoyed a
treat on Friday and Saturday
evenings. Alf Eastgate, resi-
dent director of the government
preserve at Stump Lake and
prominent in the work of the
Audubon society, gave illustra-
ted lectures on the Birds Of
North Dakota
Mr.. Eastgate spoke at the
School of Forestry auditorium
on Friday evening and at the
Grand theater on Saturday
evening. Both lectures were
very interesting and showed
the speakers intim ate knowl-
edge of bird life in this state.
He stated there were more than
$40 kinds of birds in this state
and nearly all of them may be
found in Bottineau county. In
fact, great many of his slides
were from pictures taken in
the Turtle Mountains.
The speaker pointed out the
birds that are harmful to agri-
cultural interests and the ones
that do us great service.
Mr.. Eastgate has visited the
Turtle Mountains each year
since 1900 and left here on
Sunday morning to spend
several days tramping through
the hills to study the winter
life of the birds that remain
here during the cold weather.
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13
Free MIX Tests

The School of Forestry an
nounces that farmers may have
milk thoroughly tested without
cost. Those interested are in
vited to submit samples.
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13
On Contract Basl.

Steps will be taken in Amity
township to have all road taxes
paid in cash and all roadwork
let by contract. This is a
proper move and will result in
better roads.
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13
Krehn- B ergnan

Miss Christina Krohn and
Emil O. Bergman were married
on December 9Th at the brides
home near Kramer. Mr.. and
Mrs. Bergman left on Monday
morning to spend their honey
moon trip in Germany where
they will remain for several
months.
The Bottineau courant., 1912-12-13
Supper 4 Success

The supper and sale by the
ladies of the NJ. E. church on
Wednesday evening was sue
cess IN every way. In addition
to the entertainment afforded
the ladies had the pleasure of
adding about SOL to the church
funds.