The Ordway new era., 1912-03-29

L. duced as an experiment
number Of years ago with AMI
mails imported from Siberia
BY the government. has now become
the most prominent feature of tho In
dustrial education Of tho Eskimo and
the main activity OF many native vii
lagos OF Arctic Alaska. writes w. L.
Beasly In Scientific America. Tho
progress In civilization that has been
made by lifting up tho natives former
" living as savages and eking out
precarious existence by hunting. with
no other domestic animal than the
dog. TO the estate OF civilized. self
supporting herdsmen. as accomplished
through the reindeer industry. is n re-
mnrkable educational achievement.
Tho Alaska Reindeer Service has now
reached its most successful stage. as
It marks the beginning Of the period
OF full utilization OF c!i tho reindeer
owned by the government for the bene.
fit Of the native population. At the
present time there Is hardly a surplus
government reindeer north Of the Kus-
kowin river. This has been made pos.
sible by the establishment Of new rein
deer stations. the employment OF more
natives as chief herders. by accepting
the largest practical number OF ap-
prentices. and by transferring reindeer
to both chief herders and apprentices.
In lieu OF salary or supplies. the chief
aim and fundamental policy OF the
government being to turn the reindeer
over to the natives as rapidly as they
hn nd rv n
value.
The total number OF reindeer in
Alaska at the last census was nearly
$4,000. and Of this number. over II 900
are owned by the natives. One OF the
most striking and gratifying features
Is the large income which the natives
derive from the sale of reindeer pro-
ducts, their share for the past fiscal
year having been $4,000 and over.
The amount does not include the
value Of the reindeer skins used for
clothing. nor that of the meat con-
sumed as food. These material bene-
fits and the very considerable income
thus derived demonstrates the fact
that the reindeer industry has become
one OF the most prominent factors in
the economic life of the Eskimo. The
total number Of Alaskan reindeer is
distributed in herds among 2S stations,
18 OF these being owned by the gov
ernment and 10 by church missions.
The Lapps own over three thousand
The natives are very anxious to get
deer, and look upon them as a safe
Investment for their earnings. and
ALL To-,
cash for services. when an opportun.
ity Is offered. The government does
not sell deer; this Is done by natives
and missions alone. The various mis-
sions are furnished herd of 100 deer
on loan for a period of five years by
the government.
Mission Keeps Increase.
At the end Of this time the original
number must be returned. The mis-
which amount to several hundred de-
rived from the government loan. The
Moravian mission of Bethel has one of
the largest herds. nearly three thous-
and. Other missions having over one
thousand deer. all in Arctic Alaska.
north of the Yukon. are located at
Golovin, Kotzebue, Shishmaref and
Cape Wales. At Barrow. latitude II
deg. 25 min., the most northern point
on the American continent. there is
herd Of 300
The total, population here is about
400-men, women and children. One
native. Takpuk, is considered the rich.
est man of that region. as he owns
herd of 1877 reindeer. The missions
support and educate a number Of
young apprentice herders. The native
herders also take on apprentices and
award them six deer year in pay
ment for their services. The Lap