The San Juan islander. [volume] (Friday Harbor, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1912-01-12

ordinary farm tile Is the moa. The
factory Tor this class Of wor,, salts
care must be taken to nravo A, but
from Ming the pipe when hacIs,,a lft
In both sidehill work and T.
cuts, soft spots are dava,n ~ heavy
water seeping under the roaS BY
sidehills. the best remedy IL s't IN
4-inch pipe in the same maruo lay
specified for springs, placing thu a
at the same depth at the inr INC PIPE
OF the ditch. Through heava . eoge
where the water seeps undo. Gus
both sides, the tile NAV he i, IRON
the middle of the road taS,, ,a'o IN
that It lays well below the ditch I iaa
In this case 1t is well to use a. .d ,ne
what larger tile, 6 inches heinz s0l as
size commonly specified. The d,. ;ue
must be carried to some conv0. alna
outlet, and in no case shon,S Sni ~
water be carried over 1000 r. 'ae
1t Is not enough to get tho u,.
on the road, it must be taken " oa's
from the bitches or large part :,
1t will soak back under the trav s VI
way. Culverts or outlet bitches mu.l
be provided at least every 1OOO fa",
and oftener whenever possible TSs
outlet ditch can be used only wba my
1t Is possible to turn the water .wau
on each side, some form of culvo..
being essential whenever il is neoo,
sary to carry the water across tSs
road. 'ns
The materials in most common rs.
Tor culverts include the wooden h NY
corrugated iron, steel, cast iron co on'
crete and vitrified clay pipes: r rS
forced concrete and stone masonry
boxes or arches, the masonry beins
laid either dry or in mortar. All hus
one OF these have their advantages
the exception noted being the wooden
box. 'A
The timber box has but one thin,
to recommend it, its first cost. and
when the repairs and renewals for a
few years are added. it Is found to
be very expensive luxury. It has
the faculty Of rotting and giving no
sign until some horse sticks his font
through the weak place, and the first
intimation the authorities have that
there is anything wrong is when the
indignant owner comes down on them
for damages. He usually gets what
he asks, a sum which would build
many permanent culverts in the
first place. Nobody likes the wooden
box, but 1t is still used on account
of the penny wise policy of those
responsible for the appropriations.
Where good stone is abundant, the
masonry culvert is probably the best
to build and the cheapest to main.
tain, but in less fortunate districts
a choice must be made between the
other materials. So many items en-
ter into the decision that 1t is i'm
possible to recommend any one meth.
cd or material without being familiar
with local conditions. The main con.
sideratiOn is to put in enough cul-
verts, and have them of ample size.
They should be laid with good fall,
not less than two per cent, and out.
let bitches should be exoavated
wherever necessary. The culvert must
be large enough to permit OF easy
cleaning, as well as to carry away
the water of the most severe storms.
No matter how carefully your
drainage system has been designed
and constructed, it will not give sat-
isfactory service unless it is kept in
first class condition. The road drag
will preserve the crown of the road
and fill the ruts and depressions, but
the bitches and culverts need con-
slant attention. 1t is well to 90 over
the road during the first storm anu
see how things are getting along 10
not wait until the shower Is over,
for one large stone in the ditch or
one clogged culvert may do greas
deal of harm. and a few cents worm
of work during the rain may save
the district many dollars. Speclai
care is necessary during the autumn
to keep the bitches and culverts lree
from leaves, and in winter to pr
vent them from being choked Will
Ice and snow.