Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1912-02-02
FARM .1-i!' zND ORCHARD
Colleges and Experiment Stations
of Oregon Speouy Pacific Coast Conditions

pipe IN the DOIIOlu anu DdCkUll. Inc
ordinary farm tile is the most salts
factory for this class of work, but
care must be taken to prevent dirt
from filing the pipe when backfilling.
In both sidehill work and in heavy
cuts, soft spots are developed by
water seeping under the road. In
sidehills, the best remedy is to lay
4-inch pipe in the same manner as
specified for springs, placing the pipe
at the same depth at the inner edge
of the ditch. Through heavy cuts
where the water seeps under from
both sides, the tile may be laid in
| the middle of the road, taking care
that it lays well below the ditch line
In this case it is well to use a some
what larger tile, inches being the
size commonly specified. The drains
must be carried to some convenient
4 outlet, and in no case should the
water be carried over 1000 #.
1t is not enough to get the water
off the road, it must be taken away
from the bitches or large part> of
it will soak back under the travelled
way. Culverts or outlet bitches must
be provided at least every 1000 feet,
and oftener whenever possible. The
outlet ditch can be used only where
it is possible to turn the water away
on each side. some form of culvert
being essential whenever it is neces-
sary to carry the water across the
road.
The materials in most common use
for culverts include the wooden box,
corrugated iron, steel, cast iron, con.
crete and vitrified clay pipes; rein,
forced concrete and stone masonry
boxes or arches, the masonry being
laid either dry or in mortar. All but
one of these have their advantages
the exception noted being the wooden
, box
The timber box has but one thing
: to recommend it, it's first cost, and
, when the repairs and renewals for 8
few years are added. it is found tc
be very expensive luxury. 1t has
the faculty of rotting and giving nc
, sign until some horse sticks his foo
: through the weak place, and the frs
t intimation the authorities have tha
, there is anything wrong is when the
J indignant owner comes down on then
| for damages. He usually gets wha
he asks, a sum which would built
, many permanent culverts in tn,
/ first place. Nobody likes the wooder
box, but it is still used on accoun
t of the penny wise policy of thos,
5 responsible for the appropriations.
t Where good stone is abundant, tn,
3 masonry culvert is probably the bes
e to build and the cheapest to main
1 tain, but in less fortunate district
: a choice must be made between tn
e other materials. So many items er
: ter into the decision that it is in
t possible to recommend any one metf
v cd or material without being familia
: with local conditions. The main cor
+ sideration is to put in enough Gu
{ verts, and have them of ample size
. They should be laid with a good fal
not less than two per cent, and ou
2 let bitches should be excavate
wherever necessary. The culvert mus
f be large enough to permit of cas-
g cleaning, as well as to carry ava
e the water of the most severe storms
\ No matter how carefully you
s drainage system has been designe
/ and constructed, it will not give sa
e isfactory service unless it is kept i
8 first class condition. The road dra
e will preserve the crown of the roa
0 and fill the ruts and depressions, bu
i the bitches and culverts need COZ
4 stant attention. 1t is well to go owe
r the road during the first storm an
:. see how things are getting along. d
e not wait until the shower is owe
Il for one large stone in the ditch @
e one clogged culvert may do a grea
k deal of harm, and few cents wort
g of work during the rain may say
j. the district many dollars. Specis
t care is necessary during the autum
e to keep the bitches and culverts fire
,. from leaves, and in winter to pr,
q vent them from being choked wit