The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1912-12-13

encourage political power 1t takes long
time and much experience to ingram po
Ht!cal habits of steadiness and efficiency.
Popular self-government ultimately must
rest upon common habits of thought and
upon reasonably developed public opin-
ion. No such foundations for seif-gov
eminent let alone independence, are now
present in the Philippine Islands. Disre-
garding even their racial heterogeneity
and the lack Of ability to think as a ma
ton 1t Is sufficient to point out that un-
der liberal franchise privileges only about
per cent. of the Filipinos vote and only
per cent Of the people are said to read
the public press. To confer independence
upon the FiIipinos now is. therefore, to
subject the great mass of their people to
the dominance of an oEgarchical and,
probably, exploiting minority. Such
course will be as cruel to those people as
it would be shameful to us.
Our true course Is to pursue steadily
and courageously the path we have thus
far followed; to guide the F1lipinos into
self-sustaining pursuits; to continue the
cultivation of sound political habits
through education and political practice;
to encourage the Investigation of indus
tries, and to realize the advantages of
their industrial education by conserva-
lively approved cooperative methods, at
once checking the dangers of concentrat-
ed wealth and building up a sturdy, indie
pendent citizenship
Regulation of Water Power
There are pending before congress
large number of bills proposing to grant
privileges Of erecting dams for the pur-
pose of creating water power in our navi-
gable rivers. The tendency of these bills
has brought out an important defect in
the existing general dam act That act
does not, in my opinion, grant sufficient
power to the federal government in deal
ing with the construction of such dams to
exact protective conditions In the interest
of navigation. It does not permit the
federal government, as a condition of its
permit, to require that a part of the
value thus created shall be applied to the
further general Improvement and protec-
ton of the stream. I believe this to be
one Of the most important matters of
internal Improvement now confronting
the government. Most of the navfgable
rivers Of this country are comparatively
long and shallow. In order that they
may be made fully useful for navigation
there has come into vogue q method Of
Improvement known as canalization or
the slack-Water method. which consists
In building a series Of dams and locks.
each of which will create a long pool of
deep navigable water. At each of these
dams there is usually created a long pool
of deep NJ vigable water. At each Of these
dams there is usually created also water
power of commercial value. If the water
power thus created n be made available
for the further Improvement of naviga
ton in the stream, 1t is manifest that the
Improvement will be much more quickly
effected on the one hand, and on the
other, that the burden on the general tax
payers Of the country viii be very much
reduced. Private interests seeking per
mits to building waterpower dams in
navigable streams usually urge that they
thus improve navigation, and that II they
do not impair navigation they should be
allowed to take for themselves the en-
tire profits OF the water-power develop
ment. Whatever they may do by way of
relieving the government of the expense Of
improving navigation should be given due
consideration, but 1t must be apparent
that there may be a profit beyond a rea-
sonably liberal return upon the private
investment which Is a potential asset Of
the government in carrying out a COM
prehensive policy of waterway develop
ment. It is no objection to the retention
and use of such an asset by the govern
ment that comprehensive waterway
policy will include the protection and de-
velopment of the other public uses Of
water, which cannot and should not be
ignored n making and executing plans
for the protection and development Of
navigation Tt is also equally clear that
inasmuch as the water power thus Gre
ated is or may be an incident of gen
eral scheme of waterway improvement
within the constitutional jurisdiction Of
the federal government, the regulation of
euch water power lies also within that
jurisdiction. In my opinion constructive
craftsmanship requires that legislation
should be enacted which will permit the
development of navigation in these great
rivers to go hand In hand with the uttl-
ization of this by-product of water pow
er. created in the course Of the same I'm
provement, and that the general dam act
should be so amended as to make this pos
sible 1 deem it highly important that
the nation should adopt a consistent and
harmonious treatment Of these water
power projects, which will preserve for
this purpose their value to the govern
ment, whose right II is to grant the per-
NIT. Any other policy is, equivalent to
throwing away a most valuable national
asset.
The Panama Canal.
During the past year the work of con-
struction upon the canal has progressed
most satisfactorily About 81 per cent. of
the excavation work has been completed,
and more than SO per cent. Of the con-
crete for all the locks IS In. place. In
view of the great interest which has been
manifested to some slides IN the Guile
bra Cut, I am glad to say that the report
or Col. iIOetnalS SnOOlO allay ANY ap
prehension on this point. It Is gratifying
to note that none of the slides which oc-
CURED during this year would have in
terfered with the passage of the ships
had the canal, In fact, been in operation
ard when the slope pressures will have
been finally adjusted and the growth Of
vegetation will minimize erosion in the
banks Of the cut, the slide problem will
be practically solved and an ample sta
hiIity assured for the Culebra Ont
Although the official date Of the open
ing has been set for January 1, 1915. the
canal will, in fact. from present indica-
tons be opened for shipping during the
latter half of 1913. No fixed date can as
yet be set but shipping interests will be
advised soon as assurances can be
given that vessels can pass through with
out unnecessary delay.
Recognizing the administrative problem
in the management of the canal con-
gress in the act of August a. 1872 has
made admirable provision for executive
responsibility in the control of the canal
and the government of the Canal Zone.
The problem Of most efficient organiza-
ton is receiving careful consideration. so
that a scheme of organization and con-
troll best adapted to the conditions Of the
canal may be formulated and put in op-
Grafton as expeditiously as possible Act
ing under the authority conferred on me
by congress. I have. by executive procla-
nation, promulgated the following sched-
uel of tolls for ships passing through the
canal based upon the thorough report
Of Emory r. Johnson. special commits
sioner on traffic and tolls:
I. On merchant vessels carrying pas
Both Alike