davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1912-02-15
Cur &ead)tmna,

81. .. 6. See6ah uno Or. @m.
9. 9arri5, friiber bei Sen Union Eail1-
leB Gentiits, ba6en iett ibr nele5
uno mo0ernes 3abn=Mtelier r1be
Eeople's 0entilts" %gegeniiber go.
246R Nicoqet Moe., tabliert. Sseoem
1euen mie alien unieren friiberen Sum.
Den miro Sic gleide un0 erfolareide
gebonolung 5ut6eil. aomu1en, ihrei=
ben ODER telep9onieren Sic: > E.
Center 2952-246h: Mi.;,no4 ol,,o
gegeniiber 2ea0er Str-,o m:aSa sps,'
.p.s'e'.; S' -elr1nSen; 8 bis 8; sonn=
wy: IL Biz Gamenbe0tenu1g. 1874
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1912-02-15

Company $4,000 Seriiferungsent
lhantgung 5u befommen.
Iepils 2ufe. = Gin bielige'
Milhfdnoler bot nit elmer grobel
Molferei in Groofit ton, Min11., elmer
&pntraft auf taglide 2ieferlng Dor
paiteurilierter Mild mn5 Sabne abge
ldloiien, neil er in Ser ltmgeban{
nitt geriigeno Mild erlm!ten fonnte
um Sen 9eourf gu oedeu.
@raton. - Ireo g. Merrla
ein Grperter Ser itautlid3en Molferei:
MuHittsbe60roe, Ser fiirsliG cine aus:
geocbnte GampGgnefabrt ourd @alib-
ms Nembina=G olrntp unt7rrui1m, lmt
iett ieine Helignution eingereiht. 81
ieinem Nahfolger ml1roe u. 6. Nilier,
Ser Observation-Disclosures ernannt.
2ie BON Merriu unternpmluene @e=
lehru1g Ser 6arm1er inn Mo(fereilpe le11
miro fortgel ebt meroe11.
8run6 Sprfs. Ger hiellge
Gom1ercinlfll1b fat Sic Grmdgung
Ser 6rage aufgenonunen, nit Ser
nel1e11 porgeidlagenen Giienbubn=&pr=
ppration 5ulam1nen5l1arbeiten, meld)e
Sen 8uu eit1er Strede i'm Reo=SluB=
thale plant u11o Sen Mau1en ~G6ica9o,
minneapolis, @eo &iper Gallep & Ga=
nabian" fiibren lnl. Tarn1rr aus Ser
| 6egcno BON Belmont I'M liiolid1e1n
Iheile oes Stantes iin0 Iehr fir oas
Erojeft u116 boffen, oaB Sic Strede
audi ibre @egeno olrrdSieNen mira.
Sic 6aben freies @egeredt angelo
ten.
Soma.
Burlington II. = Sic meilte!1
9urrlingtpner iino ber5lih 0ariiber err
freut. oaB Ser Grpltal 9afc Glub BE-
id}lolien bat, Sic 1900 Mcres fiir Sen
9rainierungs0ii trift 5l uerfaufen, ltr1o
al1f oieie @eile Oo5u be%tgetragen but.
Sic 9rainierl1ng in Sender ion=Gountp
Ser Staot gegeniiber su lihern. Sn
menigen Sabren miro Ser betreffenoe
3iltrift bon na5e5l1 10000 9(cres Ser
8ortenpurft Ser ltmgegeno iein.
0ubuque.- Der 16. Mui lit
fir SEN 0en1ofratlihen Staut5fonpent
in Burlington oom Central &omite BE-
itinrnt mor0en. Mnfangs 1par SER 9.
Mai auserfprert. 8eil aber Sic Ser
Ianmlung ser Staats= q r5te-Gereini'
gltng sur %genonnten 3eit in 9urling=
ton o%bge6alten mer0en miro, fat es
oos Central &omite fir gut befunoen,
Sen &onpent cine @ohe ul1f3uidie=
ber.
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1912-02-15
Saoelt eiuen guteu Irbeiter.
SD Derurqte es mpiuem .6ersI

$50 0efdrgfe Is me1Nem 4er5eH
ooB i'd Geftigen Sdmer5 in mei1rel
lfnfen Seite 5uei Sabre lang per.
lplrte," idrei6t %. guans, ldnuilIe
ga, ~nber ih meiB jett. oaB lr1-
perSnuliffeit Sic Sdulo mar Sic Tr.
8tngs Neue 9a5enSptQen midi poQ=
1tanotg beiften." Gas geite fir WSd=
ge11=, Seber= uno Nieren=Vcidmeroen
fin 9artleibigfeit, @ppfpeb ooer
Sfppofe. 25f. III Mofftors Drug
Store.
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1912-02-15

an oeren Spite Ser E%olarfabrer SD
pitan Sperorl1p iteben loQ, init elmer
Mn5ahl @ulfii6boote bon europa nud
Sort Mrmitrong fomn1e1.
Spofunc. = 2ouis Simentma
BON Ben GolpiQe=Snoianern bat iid3
noh @aibington 3. g., begeben, Inn
bei Ser gunbesregier1lng auen Grnlte
oagegen Ger1pabrung ein5lrlegen, oaB
er rno ieine Stammesangeb0rigen ge=
5lpungen mer0en ioQte, oaB ibnen ein=
sen bon Ser &egierua1g angepiei enc
2an0 SIT ii6ernebmen. Sic miinlden
oiel1nebr, 0aB 0as betrefferoe 2an0
inn geneiniamen 9eiit ces Stqmmes
blei6er ione. Ser nod bcioniide ST.
0ianerltamnl perebrt in Ser Gr0e sic
SHUTTER u1es @llten, uno bllt es bes=
hulb fir Sufrileq, oan0 5u fauten
pSer SIT p%erfaufen.
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1912-02-15

Srau 9armon.
1eor6e, Der in Bortsmoutb, Ohio,
perilbt muroe, gu lebensldnglid}er
3l19tbousItrafe perurteiIt morben.
Ser &eger Woies Sobnion muroe
tbegen oeiielben Gerbredens i'm SUM
1904 btngeriatet urb ioa DEM j3udt.
bous5ireftor Seribp Elm @eltdn6niB
abgelegt BADEN, in meIdem CT BUR.
dam DON: otter MitlduGo entlaftete.
Gber ein ploBlider sos uberroi f)te
9eribp, ebe" er Dem @ouberre1r BON
benz @e1tdnontB BEG Megers Mit.
teilung moner fonnte. Durd sic
2eute, melde' nit Dem Sole befannt
maren, ~mnroe.0as SSntereife Ser Sfrau
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1912-02-15
@aibinqtun.

Sedttle. Ser Gompfer So
mer oerlieB am samitag nit 0reiBia
Waltndfangern on gooro geattle,
Ma1b:, l1m 1rad Sort Mrmitronq,
Nlasfa, ab5ufahren, no cine qro6e
@dlnlf1ag erifation einqerid1tet tper-
ben 1oa; Bret groBe itdblcrne @al-
f11d'boote meroen in Seattle inn ool1fe
.oes Mar5 bonn stapel geben. Muber-
oem mrs etne 1turuegiide @eienIdoft,
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1912-02-15
Trei fit ane qsr,S;o,~

mS 80 NJ %erSe cine 6Iaide morner'g
M :1s9 M"e Of Ear Sos bette Su@
!s:n1nittel o1tf Ser mert - fret alien ]Gn1
Nfeotaertt 5ulenSen, Sic es ibren
JS5rraathR6'eenr elnfpfeblen, nod5em SogieIbe
elmer or6enf1id5en Gr.uufura u%ntersooen
mar. 9arei1e: st. 6. :. mor1er,
eolomoter, Mid. Molitor 1r,1o g.
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1912-02-15

men ioben 1isen5 ser 9f0Ber aF0.
nnngspro5eiiion gu, oie i'd in rieii'
ger freisruroer Mreno an ibnep Dor
bet6epegte. 9te Telftimmung puroe
our@ 1euersbruniits i 1rr T1toar.
4toot sseefft6tf. Ma9 Dem Durbor be.
CAB iid aonig @eora oui 0ie 1iger'
idgb no@ @epol, m6brena 3onigin
Mary Mgra bejudte. Mus Sem Cant
pier rMe6ino", ser lie nad Sno!en
gebrodt, troten bic @errider 6ie
4eimreiie an.
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1912-02-15

Mmttcr nnb Sudjter. Meine Ml1t=
ter hottie ftets Sire Me0i5in, SEN Ml=
p%cl1frdl1tcr, sur @on0," ldlreibt 6ral
@eo. 5. &ent. 227 Gberrp Str.
Sent, Otto, Sd erinnere, als ih 81
Squire suar lit ih uniasbare 8eidmer:
SEN bon Magenleioen. Sd batte Sa:
fir lne0i5i1iert, a6er ni6ts balf. Mut
ter iogte, Der 1de meme Meoi5in,-
uno 5eigte mir Sen M(penfraa1ter,-
Ste miro Sir belfen." st tbpt 10
ur0 ssee5raudte i'm @an5en ungetab1
orci Tlaiden, Gr 6ei(tc midi. Ser:
noh fonnte i6 treenS ettpas un0 81
irgeno elmer 3ett eiien, obne at
Sfmer5 oSer l~tnbebogen gu 0enfen
@ir f0nren SEN .M9penfrauter nid1
gel1i1g loben."
Ser erfolgreide @ebroud mabren>
zines Sobrb11nSerts bat Sic @eiun0-
'bett %bringen6en g%igeniduften por
6ortt's Mlpenfrd1tter, Sem Qlten
&rautetz @eilmittel berpieien. Spe5ial=
.9lgenten perfnltfett ibn. gonten sic
feinen Ngerter III Sbrer @d6bdridoft
fennen, 10 idreiben Sic on Sic gigen<
thinner, Or. Setter 6abrnen & Sons
g., 1876 60. @opne Mpe., Gbi.
cogo, Sn.
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1912-02-15
st, 0lpuo, Mtn:'.


Sic Nerluittrdger iiro:: 5. 8. @eaIps
Observation-Disclosures, 5. s. Tuote & 60,
Mpothefe; grite Nationulhanf, 6. S.
Groiq5 Aauf luSen ms @obnung,
Morri5tmmn 9n5ur uno Gebul1Oe, u.
$. @e5el; Gus. 9affinruS Ii. Co.,
gilenuaoren= uno M0bellager; See
Gopnruns gorbierltuhe.
9eao. - Ia5 %5meiia1rige 1Dt=
terdscl1 Ml1bp oes ghepamss 9. 8.
Safion i1iir5te in einen &e|'el lieoen=
SEN @aiiers l1l1o erlitt 10 id5mere Ser
briiburgen a11 gal15en &Drper, SGT es
uenige Stunoen iputer ltarb.
0eu0mpoo. - &ier lit Sic
v9(ud Sias= DeQpmltolr Earf 1s1ter=
l1ote @igbmop AlIociation" in Ser bier
atgebaltenen 8ute @egc=Teriamm=
lung nit Sen f%olgenoen 9enn1ten ge=
qriinoet mprSen: u. 8. &infeao bon
@urou. Nrliioent; @npoen ~. @bite
pon Buffalo, @po.. Gi5epr0liSent; s.
q. 6errif BON 7eaompoo, Sefretar
un0 Shobmeiiter. Ser oprgeldlagene
Terlaltf Ser aroBen StraBe lit:
Spring @oIep, @aleca, Manfoto ltrS
5racp. Minn.; 9eSmet. @r1ron, Mil=
fer, @igbmore, Nierre, &apio Gitp unS
9eaomooo, e.. 3. 3ie StraBe fiibrt
nah Gillette, Mpo., un0 0ur6 Sen
DeQowitone=Earf.
Siiieton. = Gin Sobn BON
Suit otto, 9eiieer 0es gleibnamigen
Sotels, ent0edte &al16molfen Sic aus
einem 3immer i'm 5meiten Stodnerf
oronqe11, in Sem 5tpei iunge SSroiuner
ilber Na4t blieben. Mon 6rar1g in 6as
3tmtner Elm u1o ent0edte, ooB sic bei-
Den S%noioner lif uuf irgenSei11e nod
unoufgeflarte @eiie alfpboIiite &C.
trdnfe perladafft batten. ol1getrunfen
maren un6 Damn 6arb MadldBigfeit
einen S%tubenbran0 oeruriodter1. Ser
cine Ser bei0en Sn0inner batte iid
our4 einen Sprung aus SEM Sseniter
nod redt5eitig in Siferbeit gebradt
un5 fam nit sinem &n0derbrltd 6u=
BON.
Morb.9 afota.
Hugbp. - 0as rpel1e Eierce=
County Gourtbo1s mir0 am 20. Sc
brl1or offi5ieu er0ffnet mer0en. &idter
Spoloing pom Sbergerift Don Nor0=
Safota m1r0 Ser @ouptre0ner iein.
Snng0on.--0 Ser ct. Mrthoun=
@etreiSeipeider, Elm @alnuerf, 0os
$4,000 guNd1el faiien fo11nte, unS Ell
ne Der San0murfen BON 2ong0on, lit
einem granoe sum- Spfer qefollen.
Sdon 5fpeirrn( ;nnerba[b mel1toer|
Gage mor Ser @eriuh gelnudt NOR
Gen, SEN Speiher IN 8rano FL ieben
l11o oud 6iesma1 ldeint @runoitif=
bor5l1liegen.
0ifinio11.--I us @ehb1u0e Inns
Der @adrenoorrntb Ser $. 6. Cart
So. lit e;nem 9ranoe gum
gefallen. Ger SfaSen betraot
$4,000.
5nnfinlon. : 2sscian 81. 3im=
herman 1pur6e bier bon elmer Ga
'l1ng 8o6len> uIs SieIe bonn sdIitten
}errnterfippte, peridiittet inns ouqer1-
geto0tet. Seine 2eide p1rGe
t1pa iieben Stunben noh Sem unfune
'on lei11er 8otti~ gefunnen, Sic iih
Iber letn langes SSortblei5en munSer=
e inns linn entgegenfubr, Inn mad,
Musldnlt SIT haIten.
Minot. = 9emep 3ormun, elm {
8etpobuer, ser fi6 einen gIe=
not Monoplan falrfte, nit Sem er {
ohfirr5te, nobel sic SIugma= /
time 5ertriimmert muroe. beriudt, {
on Ser Norh Mmericon %Ssniurance
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1912-02-15

Dft lit elm nelter 3uitono n0tig.
UNI uns barber gu b%elebren, mie gut
Ser olte mar!
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1912-02-15
Cine menidenfremnbin
Braa 8armsu, &&siIsttfn ses gsupernenrs BON
D. erwirsY ste 1esHAei6ans discs straFtnss.

9urd oie @emiibunsen Scr 5ra:..
Suolon @armon, @emablin oes
@ouoerneurs bon Ohio, bat @ufus
Die Jreibeit mie5ererlanat.
mar meaeii Teilnabme an einem
The sun., 1912-07-14
IllustrAtloR g tho Ad1AntAaes
er the Multiple -Entrane1
FOR 511ow>S>.

there was much criticism from civic bod
les and individuals of the small financial
returns the city was likely to get from the
Interborough contract and of the degree
OF congestion that would he necessary
for the city to get any return at all. But
Mr.. McAncny pointed out that advance
in the art Of transportation was likely to
lead to an increase OF capacity and earn.
ing power, and called attention to the
method herein explained az an example
of what was coming.
MIR. McAneny builded even better than
he knew. Within a few weeks MIR. Wal
dron. the signal engineer of the Inter-
borough. completed an improvement of
the signal system which will add 8 per
cent. to the capacity Of the express tracks
Of the existing subway. And by this
longer train method, with multiple en-
frances. s5 to 20 per cent. may be added
to that y per cent
To prepare the existing subway for the
operation Of, let us say. fifteen car ex-
presses and ten car locals would REQUIRE
the lengthening of all station platforms
accordingly. This would cost from S.
OOO. .Un To perhaps 81 am, ,WN. or say 10 per
cent. of the total cost oi the subway con
NJ siructl,n TO date, which in almost exactly
SsO, ,0O,U0, Now the capacity Of the
road IL SSO cars per hour; with the i'm.
proved si:uals II will he 575: but with the
The sun., 1912-07-14

a ten car train Ia two blocks in length
five cars to block in Manhattan. There
fore ten car train at rest at a station
touches three intersecting streets. and
fifteen car train four intersecting streets.
In the present practice. except at few
stations like Grand Central and Four
teenth street. where local conditions
have induced the installation of more
than one entrance, there is entrance at a
single point, the middle OF the platform
BY the new method there will be from
two to four entrances at all stations.
local as well as express. That which
now has mere local application is to be
elevated to a principle. to q fundamental
part Of the design Of the railway. and
from it great advantages are to be derived.
Taking q ten car train operation and
comparing single point entrances with
two entrances placed one near either
end the gain OF accessibility is 80 great
that with the same amount OF average
walking to and from seats In trains the
Inter serves zone of territory 81 per
ont. wider than the first With three
entrances. one at each street touched by
the station platform. tho gain il ~ per
cent. And when We have fifteen car
tram with entran ~ at the four streets
reached by il the gain in width Of territory
served with ~" SAW" av~rag. walk I~r
passenger ls ~ per cent, The importance
operators of the road. and TO the people
living along the road il obvious.
such results are secured II We leave
The sun., 1912-07-14

Plan by Which Ca
pacity Of Lines Gould
BE Increased From
One-third to TWo-thirds

It is time to -.pply to ths latter inc ,nodenv
industrial principle of the enlorged rethg
than the duplicated plant. to mlltipl.
cars in trains Es floors in buildings are
being multiplied all over the metropolitan
area.
Are there any mechanical or operotins
difficulties in the way Of this larger crpac
ity by longer trains? This is a question
that hes been throughly worked out. It
Is generally conceded the lnterborough
subway is the greatest and most admr-
ably mannCed rapid transit limo in tho
world. When the express trains on that
road were heightened from eight to ten
cars there YVES an increase Of capacity
Of more than 20 per cent But to achieve
it new equipment hCd To he perfected and
applied The instGn .rncous brake OF
Westinghouse. the solid automatic coup
ling. the automatic electric door signal.
q score Of minor improvements. have
made the operation Of trains of fourteen.
sixteen or even more GERS Just Us prac-
ticable as the operation OF ten cars or
eight cars.
| When this plan was put up to President
Shonts. the head of the lnterborough or
ganization. he at once saw the possibilities
Of it and instructed his people to make
The sun., 1912-07-14

method. Of course. is the gain Of capacity.
This is not proportional to the increase OF
the length Of the train. but 1t isvery large.
Carefully worked data with the Inter-
borough signal system show that on the
express track il we run a twelve instead
Of a ten car train the gain Of capacity
in rush hours. with an average station
stop OF forty-eight seconds. is Is per
cent: with fourteen cars, 29.5 per cent {;
with fifteen cars per train. 80 per cent.
and if in the future the principle is worked
as high az twenty cars per train, as 1t
may be, the gain is 88.e per cent.
II we assume as a representative en-
largement Of the existing subway that
provision is made for fifteen car expresses
and ten car locals. and that only as many
local trains az express trains are run. the
gain will be 42 per cent. Higher values
may of course be reached with still longer
trains.
When Borough President McAneny and
his associates OF the Board Of Estimate.
after herculean labors in cooperation with
the Public Service Commission. announced
the plan for creation Of the new system
The sun., 1912-07-14

in ratio to the additional cost involved.
No one suggested, and apparently no
one thought Of. expansion in another
direction expansion in length instead OF
width. All plans. all egotia.ions, all
estimates Of capacity and results. all
contracts with operating companies and
all criticisms of those contracts vera
based upon the present maximum opera
ton. the present length OF train, the
present capacity. Only five months ago
as high technical authority az the Eagi-
neering Ners. after an exhaustive review
OF the existing subway's ten car train
operation and admirable equipment.
pronounced this solemn editorial judg-
ment:
1T Ia not possible further to increase
the subway's capacity by further in
creases in length Of trains for already
cars near the station entrances are
crowded. while cars near the ends Of
trains be run more frequently with safety
or advantage. Further increase of traffic
must be cared for by new subways."
Most engineers and operators indorsed
this judgment. Such was the known
and accepted state of the art at that time
The maximum length of train and OF
capacity had been reached: relief was
to be had only by duplication at great
cost And with the much higher costs
OF new construction and equipment and
with the relatively small capacity OF the
old standard it was certain these dupli-
cations would soon in turn become con-
gested; more Implications would become
necessary. costs would be piled up and
the travelling public would be doomed
to interminable crowding and discom-
fort II the charges were TO be earned.
Long before this a simple and effective
solution of the whole problem had been
submitted to the Public Service Com.
mission. Its principle was simplicity
itself:
Enlarge the trains not in their width
which involves widening the tunnel
all along the line, stations included. hut
in their length. which means additional
cos only at stations. which cost hut
n small fraction of the whole road
As We expand trains lengthwise for the
sake of getting n higher car capacity
and lengthen the platforms by which the
trains are served, we introduce also mul
tiple entrances. from two to four entrances
at every station throughout the system.
making these universal multiple entrance.
as much part of the design OF the rail
way as the number OF tracks or any other
physical feature.
These multiple entrances. svstematicall II,
and universally used. make tho opera ior
of the longer trains convenient and prac
The sun., 1912-07-14

this addition to the carrying and earning
power Of the magnificent system. it should
be a good many years before excessive
congestion comes again; there should be
no question that from all the new lines
the city, as well as the operator. will
reap handsome financial returns.
BY the new method. the latest advance
in the art Of transportation. there is not
alone a great increase in the quantity of
service that may be rendered at any
moment the growth of traffic demands
II, but an improvement in the quality
Of the service-higher speed, greater
accessibility. every railway serving a
wider area, the benefits Of rapid transit
spread to reach more people and develop
more territory-more people to be carried
more capacity to carry them. and the
greater city built up so much the faster
and wider.
New Yorks transportation problem OF
the near and distant future is big one.
Travel grows more rapidly here than in
any other great city of the world. Nickels
paid for rides increase almost as the
square of the increase of population; as
population doubles. nickels nearly quad
rupe They more than quadruple on
rapid transit lines because Of the supe-
riorlty of the service.
The inevitable movement Of popula-
ton is from the center toward the circum-
ference. As population spreads-and 1t
Is the enlightened policy OF our public
authorities to assist its expansion-the
average ride must grow longer and longer
Already it Ia nearly six miles against
4 l. ~
i, will be seven, eight miles or more.
Longer haul necessarily means greater
construction. equipment and operating
COST IN ratio to the nickel earned. The
purchasing power Of the nickel earned
Is going steadily downward. which means
a further increase of all costs. 1t is not
practlcable or desirable to raise the fare
Rhoy" the nickel a ride no matter what
th" length Of that ride may be.
Il l. obvious that this ombination
of factors means increasing difficulty
Of providing adequate transportation
fa0li'ios with reasonable financial returns
md ~ithout excessive crowding and
discomfort II is equally obvious that d
method of operation which adds one-third
one-half or more to the capacity. with a
relatively insignificant increase OF costs
and charges. would be an adequate so
m'ion ~ the problem.
Apprcciating the seriousness OF the
problem, alarmed at tho increasing con-
R"s'ion and costs. the Public Service
'"mml-son, under tho leadership OF
'hurm4n Wilcox. has long sought a
r''n"dy 1t has asked the engineers
'or moro capacity, smaller relative costs
tnr the relation between capacity and
'"e'- L. IN" crux of the whole problem.
N'i "iat did the engineers reply?
H'h one accord-whether experts oi
m" '.umssion itself or of the operating
'orra,Ios or the commissions consult
ant. ~" we'll known b. j. Arnold Of Chi
'df 'l"y recommended expansion OF
'drr cars and wider tunnels to
.'." ''.'u and at critical points wider
OF .lr' stations stations with two
"f ' "lDk, and platforms for trains
Nsll' .Atnr track. NO that two oI
In"." If ono class could he in a
-'' .I' same time. Not long age
''" .ou tentatively adopted thess
90" .'lons. hut abandoned mosi
N'Lc,L dus, of the small gain secured
The sun., 1912-07-14

lengh are more evenly loaded. each car
gets approximately its ratio of the total,
and the longest trains run in the hours
of heavy travel will be as we'll loaded
throughout as the shorter trains.
Multiple entrances. systematically and
universally installed. not only produce
more capacity Of cars and seats per hour,
but they increase the accessibility Of cars
and seats to the travelling public. Instead
of the people Of one street per static
having an entrance at their door the peo-
pie Of two. three or four streets per sta
tion have entrances at their door.
The service OF the railway is carried
nearer to tho people. And the longer
the train. reaching the greater number
of entrances. the more accessible the train
is. Which means that in the rush hours.
the hours when most people travel. the
service IL at its best; and which means
also that the longer the trains demanded
by the traffic and provided for in the de-
sign OF the road. the wider the zone of
territory served by the trains with equal
convenience and accessibility TO the public.
Not every New Yorker may know that
The sun., 1912-07-14
Fifteen Car Express and
Ten Car Local Trains
Proposed-Cost Would
Be Relatively Small
By WALTER WElIMAN

THERE b hop0 sor The strsp-
hangar. Tho era Of exoeetvs
II congest1on In New York's sub
ways should be near ito end.
Every one knows the city IL creating the
greatest urban transportation system
the world ever saw. More money IL to Be
spent than was ever before spent any,
where for transportation purposes, or
for any purpose except buildinss, within
. like area. When the subways now de-
signed are finished they will have cost
twice - much a. the Panama Canal:
TO the 500. .ooo. 900 subway now In opera
ton arc to be added subways costing
more than three hundred millions.
Tho capacity to carry people q b bs
trebled: and for . few years, five or az
or seven. there will be capacity enough
on the new lines, II not on the old subvsv.
But this is not all. BY Q method almost
startling In its simphcity-not an inven.
ton or mechanical innovation, not an az.
pertinent, but . common sense combina.
tion Of existing means and methoda.
only more Of them-from one-third to
two-thirds more may be added to the
capacity Of every line, old and new. with
The sun., 1912-07-14

stations spaced apart precisely az they
are now in the existing subway. or as
designed on new lines. II deemed more
advantageous on new lines stations may
he spaced much further apart say nine
" ten blocks instead of seven blocks and
the av"rag" walk per passenger would not
b" NJ all Increased Using the Increased
Accessibility in tins oway there would he
fewer stops, longer and faster runs of
trains. higher speed, smaller operating
'nsts.
The most important gain by the new