davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17

In these days Of taxicabs and
privately owned automobiles,
women are fast losing that fine
sprightly grace they once had
when they were forced to stay
at home or make their shopping
tours, afternoon teas and garden
parties afoot.
There have lately come to be
a number of glides and shuffles.
entirely new, and due, without
doubt, to the growing number of
women afflicted with automobile
tbs pronounced "automobeelitis.' .
accent on the '-beeI") which be-
sibes being ungainly and unre-
fined, are positively painful to
see, as the unfortunates slip and
slide down the avenue when they
are forced to be content with their
own natural means of locomotion.
For the purpose of preserving
the natural trimness and grace
fulness of the race, the following
simple rules have been prepared
by an eminent authority on sur
gerry and anatomy, who declares IA
women do not make more use OF
their neither limbs those mem
bers will eventually become
stunted and useless.
Rule walk uprightly. I'm
less the woman observes this rule
it Will Sssult In what Is known to
science as the 'tdrag-foot shuttle"
This is a sad malady which vii
finally result in the "duck-foot
wabble." This last Is terrible
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17

dose until Nature re the cause
II have pain in your back Won can stop
= for few hours ~ stnpefyng the nerves With
got to remove the That pain Is something
due to Kidney trouble. SO can't You see that to
remove the cause you must restore the kidneys
to healthy condition.
The reason the kidneys, liver stomach or other
organs become weak or debilitated Is because they
lack electricity This must be restored. eIfher
work properly.
have Your siren Hth.= sS$s
Our Electrav Vita pours g stream Of electric life
into your nerves while sleep. and they conduct
the fcfoo TO every organ and Tissue OF your body,
giving health and strensth 60 every pert go
& EIectra-Nita is dry cell body battery which
you wear while you sleep and gives out ccn-
1snuous cur<snt e eife<riss&y tpu neytr have 60
not bu7o er blister and newer shocks f3s uorret.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17

dIIllCtiOU-
Rule 2--Avoid. as much as pos
sible. bargain sales. II you must
go. leave the auto in the garage
and walk. Bargain hunting de
yelops a trot peculiar to those
who attend this form of prize
fight, and IL some healthfui exer-
else is not taken before entering
the aren't 1t will at last leave the
woman a scrawny, spindly, skel-
eton with a kind of incessant,
uncomfortable hop.
Rule 3-There Is another form
of 'Ioco" known as the short
arm swing" This is derived
from taxis which cramp the vic
TINS legs until, when she does
walk, she can not, but with diff
Guilty, move her feet, and must
paw wildly at the air In an effort
to keep her balance In an upright
posture.
Rule 4-The 'ramrod glide"
shown above. is the last phase.
The woman here has become a
hopeless. wreck OF her former
self. It Is the final curse OF the
auto. She must wear her skirts
tightly about her ankles to delude
the unknowing. She can't help
It; the taxicab did it. Yet she
must suffer. The onl yremedy
In a case of '.ramrod glide" is to
adopt the habit OF arising early
every morning, first with one foot
and then the other, 100 times, as
high as the hobbling effect of the
affliction win permit.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17

s. A. Std. of Mason, Mich. win
never forget his terrible exposure
to a merciless storm. ..It gave me
dreadful cold" he writes, that
caused severe pains In my chest,
SO 1t was hard for me to breathe.
A neighbor gave me several doses
of DR.. Kings New Discovery
which brought great relief. The
doctor said l was on the verge of
pneumonia, but to oontinsis with
the Discovery. did SO and two
bottles completely cured me-. Use
only this quick. safe. reliable med
icine for coughs, colds or any
throat or lung trouble. Price 500
and s1.00. Trial bottle free.
Guaranteed by Ryner Malstrom
Drug Co.. cas- Pacific :y.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17

ach Is all upset as
the result of filling
II with these poisons.
You know they have
W Q a X Q n e d your
nerves and taken
the life out of your
blood.
Get back to Nature
Consider how she
cures and gives her
assistance. Nature
will cure you IL she
has the power. This
power Is Electricity.
That's because cleo
tr-ieity builds up -
supplies new life and
energy to the body.
Drugs destroy. tear
down, because they
contain poison. or
course poison will
ease pain. Why2 be-
cause II paralyzes
the nerves. II you
poison your nerves
with drugs you can't
feel the pain until
the stupor wears off.
Then the pain
comes back. and you
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17
Cynthia's Answers to Miscellaneous Questions
Maine is still prohibition state.

Maine is still prohibition
Lemon and salt viii miIdew milk
For Information write
Office, city.
Pure unscentsd vaselne applied to the eyelashes will
them grow Be careful
The government pays expenses at
West Point or Annapolis ~ l
States Senate. Washington. d. c.
There reliable gray hair dyes have
q tendency to green shade they fade. 5 -
Tie Of peroxide has tendency
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17
Special Features of Interest To Times Women Readers


The regular meeting OF the
Hathworne Improvement club
will be held on Monday evening
next at their quarters at D and
25th streets, at which time i'm
portant business Is to come be-
fore the members.
Mrs. w. H. Conner was hostess
Wednesday evening for few
friends in honor of Mr.. Coiner's
cousin, Mrs. Emily Coiner of Spo-
kane.
Mrs. J. IL. Bonnell and Mrs. w.
E. Box will be hostesses to the
Fern auxiliary at a picnic next
Friday at Magnolia Beach.
Mrs. Hulda Eldridge Needham
of Pasadena and Glendora, Cal,
who is visiting Tacoma friends,
will sing the offertory solo at the
First Methodist church Sunday
morning.
The annual summer outing of
the Ladies' Aid society of the
First Baptist church will he held
Wednesday at Point Defiance
park.
Miss Lucille GilIiland, daugh-
ter of Mrs. ]. A. Gilliland, and
Arthur Knudtson were married IN
Spokane August 6.
Miss Marion Howe entertained
at her home on North Yakima
avenue Thursday, in honor of
Miss Martha Watson, who Is a
guest Of Miss Elinor Long.
Mrs. Holmes and Miss Rich
ardson, of Worcester, Mass, who
are guests of Mrs. George Milton
Savage, were entertained Thurs
day at luncheon at the home or
Mrs. onald McGregor on Prospect
Hill.
A delightful social event took
place Thursday evening at the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. w. o. Robb,
1106 South Tenth street, when at
the invitation of Mrs. Robb
number of friends gathered in
honor of the birthday anniver-
sary of Mr.. Robb. Five hundred
as playedw and a dainty luncheon
served. Mr.. Robb was presented
with handsomely engraved gold
watch by the guests. Those pres
ent: Mr.. and Mrs. B. Bunneson,
Mr.. and Mrs. H. B. Srager, Mr..
and Mrs H. P. Burdick. Mr.. ana
Mrs. s. 8. King. Mr.. and Mrs.
Joseph PARKER, Mrs. Mile Ball,
Mrs. Martha Rosenberg. Messrs.
Charles Brooks and v. T. Gala
CHER and Mr.. and Mrs. w. w.
Tritle.
Floral designs. Smith, 1116
So. G. Free delivery. Main 1878. I"
One of the pleasant social func-
lions of the week was a surprise
party given by friends of Mr.. ana
Mrs. Neil Mclaughlin, at their
home. 1941 South X street. We'd
nesday evening, In honor Of the
birthday anniversary Of Mr.. Nc
Loughlin. A handsome silver
mounted smoking set was present
ed the host. Cards, dancing and
dainty refreshments helped make
the evening most enjoyable one.
Those present were: Mr.. and
Mrs. Oliver Brodvig, Mr.. and Mrs.
Mclaughlin. Mrs. N. Crittigan,
Miss Margaret Crittigan, Miss
Matte Shannon and Messrs. Nc
Lauyhlin, w. Dugan and J. Nc
.Afey.
He Won't Limp Now
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17
MONEY
IN BUSINESS

IN BUSINESS
is often hard to account for
--and sometimes never reaches
the party for whom 1t was in
tended!
On the other hand CHECK
is made PAYABLE to the person
or firm whose bill you are pay
rag, and NO ONE ELSE can
get the money on tt!
This is why a CHECKING
ACCOUNT with this strong
bank will be helpful to every
one doing business.
We invite your account to-
! day.
Observation-Disclosures Bank
Of Tacoma.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17

In its EXTREMIST fashion-and the woman
who would wear one of this kind would
contrive somehow to look immodest in a
hoop skirt.
Personally, I never have been able to
adjust my mind to the idea that / must be
like the queen of Spain and have no legs.
l find them very necessary to my getting
around from place to place, and also find
that a narrow skirt is much better for the
purpose than a lot of heavy cloth which
usually wrapped itself around my ankles
and tangled up my feet.
A very narrow skirt is not only very
ugly, but prevents liberty of motion. How
ever, only about one woman in a thousand
wears it, and she is not worth counting.
Even then 1t is not question of modesty
but of taste.
We do not exclaim about the dress that
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17
He Won't Limp Now

No more limping for Tom
Moore of Cochran, Ga. "I had a
bad sore on my instep that moth
ing seemed to help till used
Bdcklin's Arnica SaIve," he writes
"but this wonderful healer soon
cured me-" Heals old. running
sores. ulcers, boils. burns, cuts,
bruises. eczema or piles. Try 1t.
Only 20 cents at Ryner Malstrom
Drug Co., 938 Pacific av.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17
COURT HER AGAIN

Dear Miss Grey: where herself "Wor-
ried" asks II there is suci, thing love- sounds much
like my wife, She cannot does when 1
home "a month"; with kiss
sign of welcome will display
she knows of 1 to
first things ought be
she does homework cooks would
thing in the world for her Although cold
and Sights me m q way
think she has love wife should have make
G. III
making your exactly the way you d
when counting her, forgetting the
flowers.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17

MISS NELLIE SCHMIDT. WHO
IS FIRST WOMAN TO SWIM
SAN FRANCISCO BAY, SHOW
ING HER PERFECT DEVELOP
MENT.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17

Dear Miss Grey: Perhaps n be to
know how Inncii his letter, Miss Eigheens"
eascd my mind.
Naturally my nance wants give the bets OF times
and several times have refused the teater
tune uuing the week SAYING that week sufficient
Tor anyone and that me
trayagance Many going
park for nice quiet inead of spending his
other felt that doing things
and that @ girl should ndthE let the
IS freely as he Thought he
let me do otherwise OF ccs cannot be selfish and have
all the time but when
dollar b IL hurts for learned
dollar. "AHSS 24.v
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17
|GNTAIA GpEw ANJWEpc
One For and One Against 49, O. G's" Proposition
That Girl Foot Her Own Pleasure Expenses
A GIRL WHO HAS THOUGHT

Dear Miss Grey: 49, A. G.s' a standing
her when with evenings plea
interested much His
I'm afraid 1T won't work out in practice
III he is practice before he gets the girl
and figure out where eaccent beside asking her stand
her share of the has him
parsimonous and live
Will have lots of time help the income
believe in doing their
time, TO out help money; a cramp
womans outlook she do this fufils
share Of the bargain by economical And take
II will look ind the ma and
woman who start the basis money
degenerate but
money itself In the end they
and figure where
Certainly let the entertain his
means but since he her look
is expensive proposition
the expenses of entertaining her.
GIRL WHO HAS THOUGHT ABOUT 1T.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17

This book e beautifully Illustrated with pfetures
how Electra-vita = applied and explains nV1x
OF disease 4ft a 'al. " -
r you can't can wen send tbs hook, CLOSELY.
Come ana have talk WIN our physie,~n asaat
Gs.saifetiea free q ali ofrice heur.---D 4 = ID
9 ?. mai Wed sad Sat- exeninRs unfiI 81 Snndat85
19 10 IL - tte -
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17
FOR THE BATCHELOH

Dear Miss Greys wish words the young
batchelor III clothes will
to trade at time and wish will petitn that
them without arrest.
And as far as ruling
right to rule as men, for don't they hard? Doing
all the Homework and making
snap hope and all sleepy mp
Here's with best wishes that
way. THE THREE EQUALLY AS GOOD.v
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17
Take a Dose Of
Natures Medicine,

Throw away your half filled bottles of dope ana
poison. your patent nostrums ana doctors
tons. You know they haven't done you any good.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17
CRAZY ABOUT HER

Dear MISS Grey, could hardly hold
a n 20 be L am
II and recently returned from visit a nearby
there became acquainted with
cular whom admired did to for while the
others about This certain
like limpd pools the kind Grey,
scrfbable. without
Now do tell how him affections I
to / will thank
hand, n from heart
AKatfe Is by far too sensible
ought to be Edythe, Maybelle, Alyce Mayme
AS you silly little GIRL only
safety
enough Stiffness.
Why don't a w be
claim friend?
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17

She fought the tide rip, which
caught her a mile from the Oak
land side. for three-quarters OF
an hour before finally reaching
the mole.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17
[BiIIie:
TALKS ON THE TIGHT SKIRT
BY Billie Burke.

THE FIRST WORD-If happiness is state of mind
then modesy may certainly be called point Of view
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17

am growing tired of all this talk about the immo
the tight skirt The
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17
GET ABOVE YOUR OW NEAT

Dear Miss Grey: 1 a employed in print
shop this city, and rather corpuent fellows
have applied to Sob 'ig 'SlOdger"
Boob find that does take with people,
cepng certain of girls somewhat sensitive
the matter. Can give advice? W.W.B
AThere is absolutely nothing the old saying that Nobod
fat In fact they usually good naured
up keep
reputation make the
thy forget the fat.
Athletic training entered systematically will help
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17

Of electric life drect to the that Is ailing
that the great force of goes where II IL
needed. and none is wasted.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17
TOASTED MARSHMALLOWs

Dear MISS Grey: How are marshmaIIOWS
camp fire? On a long stick?
A.-on hat pin If you have one long enough.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17
DIVORCE AND MARRIAGE

DIVORCE AND MARRIAGE
Dear Miss Grey: My friend a
thank much IL help settle
person knew had a divorce for months
to Canada and married
returned the
money performed by a preacher.
claim lawful MY riend
claims il legal marriage. Which why?
AVERY marriage
iga Marrying under not unlawful throws
suspicion those employing
qures six months to intervene between divorce
married Canada who return here before months expire
able to arrest for contempt OF
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17
JEALOUSY AND LOVE

Dear Miss Grey: Kindly set o. us
claims there there jealousy
other claims there is My wife hand
novels and don't approve Of it. Would your Could
ges books that would
time take the place Of these lovesek novels HUBBY.
A-Readng cheap novels bad habit
thing
she will have cultivate appetite something
advise
THE Little Sheppard
by
Lee. and finally with something solid.
article
jealousy II addicted to the disease jealousy will
out he will finally attain the highest
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17

Floral designs. Smith, 1116
So. G. Free delivery. Main 1918. =
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-08-17

South Rand Waah
savs: II am vol
pleased with vour
EIectra-yfta ny
husband ana mvseif
bofh Wear A and
think n has helne6
W., (. never bs with
Imperial Valley press., 1912-08-21
SHER MAN is TOLD
(BY UNITED PRESS ASSOCIATION

tBY UNITED PRESS ASSOCIATIONS
UTICA, n. Y, Aug. 2l.-James
Schoolcraft Sherman today received
formal notification of his renomina-
ton to the vice-presidency on the Re-
publican ticket. Replying, he said:
The charges of theft made by Prog
ressives is melting into vapor." He
lauded the Republican platform and
predicted oblivion for the third party
as of former third parties. He defend
ed the tariff and branded Wilson as
a 'pedagogue, but not a statesman"
Sherman said: I'VE are not de-
ceived by the clamor of persons at
tempting to bolster up their claims,
without basis, by hundreds of contests
resting on a fimsy foundation The
Republican convention adopted plat
form which rings true for patriotism
and constitutional government 1t is
worthy that it bestowed the renomina-
tion upon the present chief executive.
The new party threw itself in the vac
uum left by phantoms of other third
parties which have passed into obliv-
ion, and oblivion awaits it, too The
country witnessed the convention at
Chicago two weeks ago. There was
no roll call of delegates. No ballot
was cast. Red bandanas were preferred
to the Stars and Stripes. 1t is not
questioned that the master of the stu
alton was greeted by his satellites as
an inspired leader We Republicans
are not worshipers of men. We are
free, but not to follow leader blind
ly. not to bow to a dictator. We ask
that the Republican party be tried on
the record of its service and accom-
plishment. We are confident the Amer
lean people will not willingly disre-
sard the constitution and that they
have not yet forgotten the dire mis-
take of 1892, and we calmly await the
ides of November"
Senator Sutherland of Utah deliv-
cred the notification address. The
event was a gala OCCASION with vari-
Gus amusements and entertainments
Following the ceremonies, Mr. Sher-
man entertained the notification COM
mittee at luncheon
Imperial Valley press., 1912-08-21
NEW YORK COTTON MARKET

NCW OfNE\ w YIN lHNnNG
is now to compare probable condition
on September Of about 73 per cent.
with a similar report last year when
the crop was about 5000, 600 bales. on
this basis many So-called StatSticianS
are now figuring out crop of some
u, 1000, 900 to 15.500,000 bales. There are
few things about cotton crops which
should always be taken into consdera-
tion aside from any method of estimat
ing crop based on mathematics. Many
believe that any one protesting know
edge of cotton who is familiar with wea-
ther conditions this year and last year
will take seriously a report of 13 per
cent on September l as indicating this
year equal to last year In the first place
cotton was sharp early in the year
that wherever possible wheat. corn and
oat crops We're planted instead of cot
ton. The preparation and planting sea
son was wet. cold and late. and the
rainfall between January and June was
far above the average. The crop was
planted in wet soil with practically no
preparation. Sales of fertilizers were
about 10 per cent less than last year.
Fertilizers are used chiefly in the Allan
tic states. where the big crop last year
was made. All Of this is in marked con
trast to last year when the crop was
planted fully three weeks earlier in a
soil prepared to the highest degree Of
scientific bearing under the stimulus Of
l5c cotton. All during the growing sea
son the condition Of the plant has aver
aged from 10 points below last year in
June to 13 points below on the first of
August. This brings us up to the pres
ent time when the crop is supposed to
have overcome all of these handicaps
ana come up from a condition Of IS per
cent under last year on August ! to as
good or better. than last year on All
gust 20. The decline Of Is per cent in
condition during August last year was
nothing more than the natural maturity
Of the crop all over the belt. a stage
Of development which in other wears is
seldom reached before September The
following table shows condition of the
crop for this year ana last year
including September l. together with the
yield per acre. Average and crops Of
the last four years and indicated crop
Imperial Valley press., 1912-08-21
CHICAGO LIVESTOCK

CHICAGO. Aug. -Cattle-Receipts
1900; market slow. steady. Beeves, $5.S5
m10.50; Texas steers, $5.00M6.S5; western
steers. $6.25MS.75; stockers and feeders.
$4.25m7.30; cows and heifers, $2.e5@S15;
calves, $6.50G9.75.
Hogs-Receipts. 5000: market strong,
s9 aEh75 sR5 hes2 2gS ro3eS
$7.70M 7.90; pigs, $5.75dS.20; bulk of sales,
$815mS.55
Sheep-Receipts, 25 1000; market steady.
Native S3.25M4.25: western S3.20G4.25:
yearlings. s4.30m5.25 lambs, native, $40
M7.OO: western. $4.30M7.15.
Imperial Valley press., 1912-08-21

PERVAL PT :;:: = ;;
Imperial Valley press., 1912-08-21
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION
mot Coal Lands.-seriaI No. oes25A

Department Of the Interior. United
States Land Office at Los Angeles, Cai
August $. 1872. NOTICE is hereby given
that LILLE 3. GRAY Of silsbee Cal.
Entry No. 06625. for NEA Sci MI
NEA, Section 5. Township is s.. Range
Il F., 5. B. Meridian. has filed notice Of
intention to make final proof. to establish
claim to the land above described before
the Clerk of the Superior Court of I'M
perlal County. at FL Centre, California
on the 18th day of September, 1912, at 10
O'Clock a. m
Claimant names as witnesses: Benia
min F. Mcdonald. Anton +. Gerdes
Grover c. Gray. all of Seeley. Cal; John
II, Collins of DiXieland, Cal
FRANK BUREN, Register.
Imperial Valley press., 1912-08-21
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION

NTVUt OUdT Ldhus.-oerIaI No. U4b64.)
. Department of the Interior United
States Land Office al Los Angeles. CaI.,
august = 1917. NOTICE il hereby given
who on June j. 1907, made Desert land
Entry No. 3552, Serial No. O4664 for SiS
SEA Section z. Township IS s., Range
H ~. beng Lot Ia. Section 81. Town
SNIP l3 y, Range II f., ana NE4 SE4,
Section 36, Township 15 s., Range IA III,
\. =. Meridian, has filed notice Of inten-
tlcn g make final proof. to establish
claim to the land above described, before
the Clerk Of the Superior Court Of In
perial County, at FL Centre, California,
on the 18th day Of September, 1912 at
10 o'clock a. m.
Claimant names az witnesses: p. W.
Brooks of Holtville. Cal: William Rags
dare of FL Centre. Cal; George Varney.
Cal.
FRANK BUREN. Register.
Imperial Valley press., 1912-08-21

There is no need to fit and adjust
| parts to get them together right. They
are 50 made that they cannot help go
together right All bearings and bush
ings are easy to replace. There are
no complicated springs, | eys, ball bear.
ings or other fittings, that only an
expert can properly adjust.
Nor are there any parts of which
adjustment is frequently necessary to
maintain good running or to conform
to varying conditions in the everyday
use of cream separator.
De Laval Cream Separators excel
other separators not only in thorough
ness of separation, sanitary cleanli-
ness, ease of running and durability
but as we'll in their great simplicity
There is nothing about the opera
ton, cleaning, adjustment or repair OF
a modern De Laval Cream Separator
which requires expert knowledge or
special tools.
"a pelSoH VIII mas hC'Ci louSH0u q
separator before can, if need be, un.
assemble a modern De Laval machine
down to the last part within few
minutes and then reassemble it again
as quickly This is something which
cannot be done outside a shop with
any other separator
The only way to properly understand
and appreciate De Laval superiority TO
other separators is to look over, and
better still to try, a 1912 De Laval
machine. Every De Laval agent Is
glad to afford prospective buyers the
opportunity to see and try De Laval
Separator
Imperial Valley press., 1912-08-21

Every Rose Has It's Stem" very
pretty and funny story, well worth see
ing l., e. s. "a