davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

E. M. Sans, of New York City, has
returned home after visit with his
brother, O. n. Sans.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

]. c. Richards returned Saturday
from ten days stay at Martinsviile,
Ind.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

Pencils, pens, ink, copy books, and
everything for school use at Stabler's
and l0c store. adv
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

II its dishes you want don't fail tc
see our stock before buying. The
Economy Store. adv
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

Mrs. j. M. Hibben and Miss Maletha
Roads went to Athens Tuesday to
attend the annual meeting of the
State Federation of Woman's Clubs.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

Lamps, Lanterns and National
Mazda electric lamps at The Economy
Store. adv
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

Miss nellie Nelson. iof Madisonville
spent Saturday and Sunday here with
her mother.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

Miss Leo Parker was the guest, of
her sister. Mrs Howard Hildebrant,
at New Vienna, last week.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

Best toilet soap on the market &c,
SC, and 1Oc at The Economy Store.
adv
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

There will be an all day sale at
Stabler's Saturday Oct. 10, of night
lamps at l0c each. adv
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

Sl75 buys five passenger touring
car, in good condition. Call at Curry's
Garage. adv
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

Stabler's and 10c store is the place
to buy music, if the piece you want
is not in our collection we can get it
for you. adv
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

Ralph Sans, of Miami University,
Oxford, was the guest of his parents
Mr.. and Mrs. o. N. Sans, from Friday
until Monday.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

John Warren and Mrs. Alice Saylor,
of Madison, Ind. are visiting their
sister, Mrs. Wilbur Woolsey.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

Mrs. George H. Parker and Mrs.
Harry Parker, of Cullman, Ala, are
the guests of Mr.. and Mrs. Seaver
Parker.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

Collins Harmon, of Cincinnati, was
the guest of his mother, Mrs: Lucy
Harmon, Sunday.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

Judge o. H. Hughes, of Columbus,
spent Sunday at his home at Marshall.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

Miss Inez Morrow is the guest Of
relatives at Columbus.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

Rev George Coagland, pastor of the
African Baptist church, became vio-
lently insane Saturday. He was
taken before Judge Watts, but as he
had not been resident of this county
for year he was taken 10 his former
home at Xeni4 Saturday afternoon.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

Mr.. and Mrs. John Pond, of Colum-
bus, are the guests Of Mr.. and Mrs. ID.
M. Meneley and Mr.. and Mrs Fl. N.
Frost.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

Mrs. Stewart Kincaid is visiting her
sister, Mrs M. @. Creight, at Chicago.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

Miss Jane Jones left Saturday for a
visit with relatives at Jackson.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

Mrs. Elizabeth Ogercash, aged IS
years, died at thu home Of her daugh-
ter, Mrs j, II Wedding Tuesday
M )rning Tn funeral services were
held at tn ho ne Wednesday after
noon al ouck TIE bo1y will be
taken 10 sardinia today for burial
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

Isn't 1t worth savingP Trere's a
way to do 1t. Trade at Stabler's. adv
Just received large line Of silk
beavers at reasonable prices at Cohn's
adv.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

Scott Spears, of West Union, was a
business visitor here Monday.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

DR.. R. o. Matthews spent Monday
in Cincinnati.
Daniel Morgan was In Clnclnnatl
Monday on business.
Mr.. and Mrs. Blair M, Boyd spent
Sunday at Moscow.
Mr.. and Mrs. John McMullen are
visiting relatives at Mansfield.
Samuel Evans was in Washington,
G. n. Monday on business.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

Scarborough insurance. adv
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1912-10-17

Cream of Tartar.
Scarborough Insurance. adv
Miss Inez Morrow is the guest of
relatives at Columbus.
Mrs. Stewart Kincaid is visiting her
sister, Mrs M. G. Creight, at Chicago.
Pencils, pens, ink, copy books, and
everything for school use at Stabler's
and l0c store. adv
Mrs. Charles Richards entertained
a company of ladies Friday afternoon
with kensington.
sl75 buys five passenger touring
car, in good condition. Call at Curry's
Garage. adv
John Warren and Mrs. Alice Saylor,
of Madison, Ind, are visiting their
sister, Mrs. Wilbur Woolsey.
There will be an all day sale at
Stabler's Saturday Oct. 10, of night
lamps at 10c each. adv
Mrs. George H. Parker and Mrs.
Harry Parker, of Cullman, Ala, are
the guests of Mr.. and Mrs. Seaver
Parker.
Stabler's and 10c store is the place
to buy music, If the piece you want
is not in our collection we can get it
for you. adv
Mrs. Don Purdy and children, of
Norwood, have been the guests of the
formers father, c. W. Farley, since
Friday.
Mrs. Isaac Cohn and daughter, Miss
Lillian, spent Sunday with Mr.. Cohn,
who is in the Jewish Hospital in
Cincinnati.
Have you seen Stablers upstairs
departments A complete line of
china and hand painted dishes are
shown there. adv
Ralph Sans, of Miami University,
Oxford, was the guest of his parents
Mr.. and Mrs. o. N. Sans, from Friday
until Monday.
Fay McMullen, of the o. S. U. at
Columbus, was the guest of his par
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. John M. McMullen,
Saturday and Sunday.
Miss Sue Shelby M son, who is at
tending the College of Music in
Gin 'lnnati, spent Saturday and Sun
day with her sister, Mrs. R. A. Haynes
1. V. Harper, of Barberton, was here
on business Monday. He went to
Carmel for few days visit with his
daughter, Mrs Countryman.
Mrs. j. M. Hibben and Miss Maletha
Roads went to Athens Tuesday to
attend the annual meeting of the
State Federation of Woman's Clubs.
Mrs A. e. Miller, of Parkersburg,
w. Va, who has been visiting Mrs
Charles Richards and relatives here,
returned home Tuesday morning
Clinton county will vote at the
election in November on the question
of expending $4,000 for establishing
county agricultural experime n t
farm.
Herbert Parr, aged years, youngest
son of William Parr, of Lynchburg,
died Monday evening at o'clock.
He had only been sick since Friday
night with diphtheria.
DR.. L. Nelson will address the Home
and School Association, of New Vienna
at the High School building in that
place this afternoon. His subject will
be 1.-THE Care of the Eye"
Mrs. Ralph Mitchell and children,
who have been the guests of the form
er's parents, Col. and Mrs. L. B. Boyd,
for several weeks, returned to Their
home in Cleveland Monday.
A fire In the new Masonic Temple
at Wilmington last week damaged the
building to the extent of about 81, 900
Watt & Patterson occupied the first
floor Of the building and their stock Of
goods was almost ruined. Their dam
age was estimated at from $40, 200 tC
S25, 900.
The Washington times., 1912-11-17

Artistic Floral Decorations
For weddings. receptions and all social
functions. Estimates given. GUIDE, 1914
F.--Advt
The Washington times., 1912-11-17
DAUGHTERS VISIT
ALEXANDRIA CHURCH
At CONVENTION END
Descendants of Confederacy
Wind Up One of the Most
Successful Meetings.

A visit today to Christ Church. Alex
andria, of which George Washington
was IA ycstryman and pewholder. by
party of delegates to the convention of
the United Daughters OF the Con-
federacy was the only event on the pro-
gram of those Daughters still In the
city. Final sessions OF the convention
were held yesterday afternoon and
evening, attendance in the afternoon be-
Ing smaller than In morning. and be-
ing still smaller in the evening, owing
to the departure for home OF delegates.
In the final session a vigorous debate
was aroused over a theme which never
fails to excite feeling when raised In
any patriotic society where member
ship qualifications relate to ancestry.
tho question OF Just what shall consti-
tute eligibility to membership. In the
present constitution of the Y. ID. c.,
grandnieCes Of Confederate veterans are
eligible. In proposed amendment to
the constitution, membership would be
restricted TO lineal descendants. wives.
mothers. and nieces. Collateral de-
scendants. except In the first generation.
would be barred.
Mrs. Frank G. Odenheimer the first
vice president general, who was pre- sd
ing, had a strenuous time during the
debate over this question. for. as sew
eral times previously during the con-
vention. from three to ten Daughters
were on their feeet at once, all shouting
Madame President! Madame Presi-
dent" and claiming the floor and the
right to speak.
So much time was taken up over this
question OF narrowing the doors OF ad-
mission or opening them that II was
finally decided to postpone definite ac-
ton until the next convention at New
orleans.
The Daughters are on their way home
today after n week which has been brill
liant In respect to social activities. while
the work OF the convention was pushed
The Washington times., 1912-11-17
FIGHT In CHURCH
IS FINALLY ENDED
Organist Drops Suit Against Pas
tor Which Started Over Al
legged False Arrest.

NEW YORK. Nov. IA suit brought
Dy MISS Grace Warren. OF Sherwood
rark. fonkers, against the Rev. @. II.
llouEhton Butler for $4,000 damages
was discontinued by Supreme Court
justice Tompkins yesterday.
Miss Warren. formerly an .organist in
ST. Mary's Episcopal Mission, at sher-
WOOD, alleged that Mr.. Butler cIrcu-
her.
Miss Warren's suit was the outcome
or bitter church row that split the
parish into two factions. While It was
pending. Pastor Butler had a lively
scuHle with Mrs. George Wetmore in
cJecting her from the church.
Mr. Butler then charged Mrs. Wet
more with sending him annoying let
.ers. but Mrs. Wctmore was acquitted.
Ihcn she sued the pastor for $4,000 for
false arrest. This time the pastor won.
Shortly afterward Mr.. Butler resigned
mis- pastoratc, finally made peace with
the organist and the suit was dismissed
by mutual consent
The Washington times., 1912-11-17

to successful conclusion by Mrs. Oden-
heimer and other leaders Nothing ! Ike
real friction occurred on the floor OF the
convention, and. though private ant
moslties and jealousies were OCCASION
ally In evidence In one way or another,
they were not publicly displayed,
one or two manifestations or bad feel
ing by one delegate toward another had
something OF "A humorous side. one
prominent delegate sent a note TO the
reporters who attended the convention,
saying that "a certain woman from u
far southern State was not a member
eracy and that her name ought not be
printed In the newspapers In any con-
nection with the convention. On investi-
CATION II was learned that the attaC ked
woman is former high officer OF the
u. d. G. In the State, where she lives,
ana she came before the convention In a
way to make her deservedly prominent
All the publicity. that could be given
TINS appearance then was given as the
kept out OF print.
The final session OF the convention
last evening went on coinc'dently with a
reception given bv the Nissigo''',' dele
cation at the Confederate Home, in
Vermont avenue
A resolution offered by Sister Esther
Cariotta, division president of Florida.
at the last session. regarding the use
OF Robert +: Lee's name as an adj
'.t'S.'S n'N'So was eHI pHatNahV Hp-
proved. The resolution denounced the
practice.
When the night had grown on and
al business had been disposed OF. the
DELEGATES. ris nc to their feet. sang
Dixie" turning their eyes to the Con-
federate flag at one end OF the Willard
ball room. Electric lights pulsating
through this emblem made the nag
seem to wave In Rhythmic response to
the stirring strains.
Then the Confederate Dauxbters
struck up THE Star Spangied Ban
ner." and as they sang they faced
about. gazing upon the stars and
Stripes at the other end Of the hall.
The Washington times., 1912-11-17
CAPITAL DEMOCRAT
TO HAVE SAY IN
PICKING CHAIRMAN
Costello Will Be Consulted
in Selection of Inaugural
Committee Head.

Naming OF a chairman for the In
auguraI festivities March 4 will be taken
up by Chairman McCombs. OF the Dem
ocratic national committee with District
National Committeeman john f. Co.'S
tello ir the course Of four or Ave days.
when Mr. McCombs has returned to
work from his vacation in South Caro-
Ina. Mr.. McCombs has sent a telegram
TO the above effect to Mr.. Costello.
Il know no more than anyone else
who will be the chairman of the inau-
gural committee" said Mr.. Costello to-
day. II have no personal preference.
and so far as making any recommended
ton to Mr.. McCombs is concerned. shall
follow this course of procedure: The
names which have been suggested for
the place will be talked over, their po-
iitical financial. and social standing in
the District considered and the result
determined by II process OF elimination
The Washington times., 1912-11-17
German orphan Asylum
Reflects Old Officers

Officers the past year of the German
Orphan Asylum will he the same the
coming twelve months as the result
OF an election conducted at the Saeng-
erbund Hall Thursday evening. These
reelected officers are: John f..
Schneider. president Martin Wiegand,
first vice president: Adolph GUIDE. sec
ond vice president: w +. Meyers. sec
letary; G. G. Rogier. treasurer: x. o.
Oscar Prcil. superintendent. and Mrs.
Proil. matron.
The directors at this meeting passed
vote of thanks to w. +. GUIDE FOR
continuous favors given" and sim
liar votes of thanks were extended to
Mrs. Katherine G. Loeffler. president
OF the Ladies' Sewing Society. and to
Mrs. X. G. Rarthel. president of the
Ladies' Aid Society.
The Washington times., 1912-11-17
CAPITAL CHURCHtS
URGE CRUSADE TO
SAVE UNF FORTUNATE
"Home Mission Week. OBJ
served Here With Pray
ers for Unsaved.

That Christianity begins at homo and
tina; there is Il great mission "ork 10
DO done In washington was 'he
thought brought out in many sermons
In the Protestant churches To-Day.
Not only was this idea ! pr $500 upon
hundreds OF church mc.nD' is III III WASH
inBton. but In more mn ~ cues
throughout the Cnitcl states Pray
ors were lifted, too, that Cons richest
blessings rest upon the unsaved and
the unfortunate in TINS Cou.try that
Home Missions" cannot reach.
BEGINNING with today Home Mission
Week" will be observed in more than
10000 Protestant churches in America.
DR.. Samuel II. Woodrow. IN preaching
today on our Country; coos Coun-
try" said that Eve should snow more
interest in the Africans In the alleys
of washington than those In South
Africa"
I'VE have a great work to do in
this country" said DR.. Woodrow, in
touching on the Home Mission prob
congested. We must 90 nilsson worn;
there. Then we must LOOK after the
rural districts, too. Then we must con-
slider that there arc thousands of i'm
migrants pouring into this COuHtry each
year. The gospel must be extended to
them
Debt of Churches.
The Rev Hinson V. Hewlett. pastor
OF the Second Baptist Churchill preached
n special sermon today on What Shall
We Do?" lie told his congregation
that the church owes something to the
community; that It snould be the center
OF social and religious activity. He said
that one way TO solve the home mis-
zion" problem was TO reach the children
and bring them into the Sunday school
IF a child 10 tukoH into the Sunday
school and grows UP with the church.
a useful life is given the 0urlic." said
the pastor. He urged his congregation
to see that tn" communities IN which
they live be made better by the lives
The Rev. ]. W. Frizzcll. pastor of the
Ingram Memorial Church, preached n
special sermon on the home mission"
problem. His subject was "t'nCle Sans
home Missionary Problem" The pas
tor declared great mission work con-
frontcd the church people in this coun-
try.
Mission Work Here.
The Rev. John Compton Ball. pastor
f.. .fe metropolitan Baptist Church.
...s. e,t "Darkncss and Light" He
G. . missionary exposition in Bal
a. FL O. what Is known as the World
hir ION. IRE" He sad that It was one
,ef Rec 4 ost wonderful! exhibitions he
fska saf seen, and urged hi9 congrega-
SOD ~ 10 over to Baltimore to see It..
: We sdik Of the mission work that could
/, " s5a1s-la Washington.
'rGa Ett. DR.. Jam ShArR Nontgom-
r.g- 'Ter OF the Metropolitan Metho-
81 n nCh. attacked tire New Thought
lTIt ar other new CrnCds that have in
-freGl.t ars gained a strong fOothOld In
the United States. He said, in part:
II am not antng0nIstic to the New
Thought. ! believe in much Of II, though
DO not travel north because the san
IL. -.
The Washington times., 1912-11-17
Speaks at Y. w. G. A.

DR.. w. NJ. banner, for years general
secretary OF the Leper Young Mems
Christian Association Of India. speaks
at the Young women's Christian Asso-
citation this afternoon at $50 o'clock.
DR.. banner is well versed on missionary
work. especially among the lepers, and
his talk this afternoon promises to be
OF great interest. More than 100 young
women will hear him.
The Washington times., 1912-11-17
Salvation Army Leader
Relates Story of Life

Col. John Dean. principal OF the Sal
walton Army's Ira ming rollcr ~
York city. spoke to a large crowd last
night at the salvation Army hall, $50
Pennsylvania avenue. He told the story
OF his conversion and Of his thirty odd
years of service in the salvation Army.
This afternoon at $3.50 Colonel Dean
speaks on THE Crooked Woman" and
tonight at s O'Clock THE woma" Who
Stopred Running" Tomorrow night he
speaks on From Pulpit to Platform. :"
The Washington times., 1912-11-17

man whom Mr.. McCombs will name has
not yet announced his candidacy.
The printed statement" continued
Mr.. Costello, that McCombs plans to
ignore the District Of Columbia's ma
tlonal committeeman, is untrue and un-
fair, and is plainly maliciously inspired
| have done nothing in the matter ex-
cept to write Mr.. McCombs that at his
convenience l should like to talk over
with him the matter Of the chairman
ship. In reply I received telegram
that on his return North from his va
cation he wishes to take up the matter
with me-"
Not Allied to Any Group.
Mr. Costello protested vigorously
against being termed the leader Of
faction of the District Democracy.
pointing out that he was not dele
gate to the Baltimore convention. and
has not allied himself to any group
within the District.
Edwin Newman, one-time national
committeeman, is reported to have ap-
preached william Jennings Bryan In an
effort to enlist the Nebraskan's support
in the Craftsmanship matter. But Mr.
Newman now announces that he him
self is not "a candidate, and that he IL
urging the chairman Of the national
committee to depart from the custom
of the past and name the whole IN
augural committee. letting the commit
tee choose It's own chairman. The sug.
gestion Is not taken seriously by local
Democrats.
The Washington times., 1912-11-17
"Work Among LeperS."

W. NJ. Danner will give the address at
the Y. ". G. a. vcsper service this af-
ternoon at 1870 o'clock. His subject will
be Work Among the Lepers" Mrs. A.
d. Melvin will be the soloist OF the
service.
The Washington times., 1912-11-17
No Personal Choice.

PERSONALLY. l have no choice among
the numerous well-aualhed men whose
names have been publicly mentioned
There arc others whose names have
not been printed who are likely to be
discussed. and It may be that the chair
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1912-03-01
BIG PROBE OF MONEY TRUST
Rouse Committee Chairman TO Ask
Pienary Powers for Quiz-Un-
derwood Resolution Passed.

Washington. Feb 9.-Representa-
tive Iujo IF Louisiana, chairman of
the house committee on banking and
currency. to which the Democratic
caucus referred the proposed investi-
cation of the money trust" declared
that he would introduce a resolution
TO vest his committee with plenary
powers to learn II there Is a money
trust in the United States.
The Underwood resolution was sub
stituted for the Henry resolution by
a vote of lis to &C after a hot dis
cussion and then was adopted. 1t re-
fers the matters for which investiga.
ton was demanded to four standing
committees of the house-those on
judiciary, Interstate commerce. bank
Ing and currency and election of pres
ident and vice-president.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1912-03-01
NEW GRAFT RUMORS
IN RAIL SENSATION
Son-inCaw Of A. j. EarlInq Is Presi-
dent of Firm Which Got
Contracts.

Chicago, Feb. 10.-Amplification OF
rumors OF graft in connection with
the construction of the Chicago, Mil
waukee and Puget Sound railroad
was made here, though the mysteri-
Gus suits, declared by rumor to be
hied within twenty-four hours, were
not Forthcoming. The name of the
Beaver Dam Malleable Iron company
was dragged into the affair when it
was charged that contracts for tie
plates and various varieties of iron
Speclaltles We're received by that
company, Of which Lawrence Fitch,
son-in-law Of President A. ]. Earring,
is vice-president
President Earling declared, howev-
er. that the contracts were let to the
Beaver Dam company only after bit
ter competition He declared also
that. so far as was possible, his rail-
road purchased supplies from plants
located along the lines of construc-
ton. He declared he could not esti-
mate the amounts in dollars and
cents of the various contracts let to
his son-in-law's concern.
President Earling urged that Mr.
Fitch's name be kept out OF the story.
saying there was no reason for the
connection.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1912-03-01
SCHWAB MAY "CASH I'M
Bethlehem Magnate Before the Sem
ate Finance COMMITTEES Attacks
Underwood Measure.

Washington, Feb. 9.-Charles M.
Schwab, the steel magnate of BethIe-
hem, Pa, testified before the senate
finance committee in protest against
the Underwood rates on larger steel
products would be of most serious
consequence to the industry: without
protection he would want no financial
interest in the steel business. and
would regard as wasted the S35 .OOO,-
600 which recently had been invested
in his business.
After all my work and the invest
ment OF my fortune. have never
taken penny out OF the industry and
have never paid a dividend. and II the
proposer tariff IS to DE the law. | re-
peat that shall cash In" said Mr..
Schwab in closing his general state
ment
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1912-03-01
MANILA CASH BILLS FAIL
Philippine Legislature Adjourns Again
IN Deadlock Without Passing
Appropriation Acts.

Manila. Feb. S.--The extra session
OF the Philippine legislature came 10
an end at daybreak. the deadlock on
the appropriation bills not having
been broken. The same thing hap
pened in 1911. According TO the law
the old appropriations are renewed
The session was noteworthy for the
attention paid by the assembly to
economic measures. although the con.
troversy regarding the privileges Of
the two houses caused The defeat OF
many important bills. The first irri-
cation bills introduced In the Philip
pines were. however. enacted