Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1912-04-26
Lecture on the Care
of the Orchard
Means and Methods of Handling the Orchard After Reach
ing the Bearing Stage Fully Explained by Prof.
E. D. Ball. of Utah Experiment Station

I spray down into the caIyx cups
spray sidewise into those that
stand out on the side. spray up int,
those that turn down below, TAX
ing care to see that every single
blossom on the tree receives its
share of the poion, truly efficient
| spraying can be done.
The number of times to spray
and the poison to use are questions
that must be settled by local con-
ditiOns- Lead arsenate at present
prices. five pounds to 100 gallons,
is probably as good a poison as can
De used. Paris green, one third of
pound to barrel, has, however,
given just as good results, where
there was not too much rain or
dampness at spraying time. The
number of sprayings depends on
the number Of worms the previous
year. If uncertain in regard to
this factor, spray twice, once just
as soon as the blossoms fall from
the trees, and again in ten days
or two weeks. Band every tree
with good heavy burlap bands and
if there appears more than two or
three per cent of worms in the
first brood. then spray again two
or three times for the second
brood. If the orchard closes the
season with only two or three per
cent wormy or even five per cent,
if will be fairly safe to cut The
early spraying down to one and
tnen watch for the movement Of
the worms as before to see if
later sprays should be given.
Don't leave this car with the idea
that | have said that one spraying
will control the codiing moth. /
know dozens of orchards that have
not been sprayed more than once
a year for four or five years, but
before that time everyone of those
orchards was sprayed from three
to five times and was banded,
in order to get the worms down to
a number where it would be safe
to stop with one spraying. Any
method of spraying which reduces
The number of worms in the or
shard each year below that which
occurred there the previous year
is successful. Any method of spray
ing which allows the worms to in
crease in an orchard or which only
holds them stationary when they
are destroying from 10 to 20 per
cent of the apples, is a failure as
,ar as Western conditions are<on-
,erned. because that 10 to 20 per 4
:ent that is destroyed Will be the ]
argest, finest, and most highly col
,red fruit on the tree, while the I
little. inferior, uncOlored, nubbins
hat grow down underneath will be
he ones that will be free from I
worms.
In a good many sections in this I
State considerable trouble was ex-
1erieneed this past season with the /
worms and many an orchardist !
hat felt that he had solved the /
problem with spraying before this
season is alarmed at the number /
If worms in his crop this year and /
5 looking around for a reason for I
he increase. Most of them. how
sver, are looking in the wrong dl-
'ectiOn for the cause. Some think
he pump was no good, others are
,ure the poison was no good. but
have discovered no one as yet
hat has even suggested that the
nan was deteriorating, and yet the
act remains, that very large per
.entage Of our growers have be-
.ome over confident in the past
wo or three years.
The codling moth runs in cycles
# destruetiveness as do all other
Insects. Some years it viii be
worse. a great deal worse, than
,thers. Eight or nine years ago
he average of the orchards Of the /
Sate was two or three worms TO
N apple. Two or three years ago,
; the result of a combination OF
lmost universal spraying and GER
ain uunfavorable climatic condi-
ions. that number was reduced
D the minimum. AT the same ),
ime the number of sprayings was
lso reduced, the bands were left
IF. the eodling moth began to IN
rease in numbers, and an ex-
eptionally favorable season for
heir multiplicaiiOn resulted in