davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
Crop Prospects Good.

Topeka, Kan.-Reports from loo
localities on the Atchison, Topeka &
Santa Fe Railway Company's lines re-
ceived the last week of February
show most favorable industrial con-
dition. The prospects for big crops
in all the agricultural states in when
the Santa Fe operates have caused a
general revival of dropping industrial
spirits, as it were, and merchants and
manufacturers are making preparations
to handle the increased business whicn
is sure to come with satisfactory
crop year. Abundant capital is fonnc
for needed improvements, and the sub
stantial buildings under way, or plan
ned, in many cities prove that business
men are looking into the future with
confidence. Conservative men eXpr rs
the belief that the West is about 10
enter into an area of steady growth
and development, which will mean
prosperity for all lines of industrial
activity.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
WOMAN HAS CLEVER SCHEME
Possible Accidents to Costumes, No
Matter What Their Color, Are
All Provided For.

At one of the debutante teas the
hostess, a woman noted for her fastidi-
GUS dressing, tore her gown so badly
that repair was necessary. A friend
accompanied her to her room to sit
and chat while the mending was 60
ing on. The maid brought out sew
ing case filled with needles threaded
with silks and cottons of all colors. 1t
took but a moment to select the re-
uuired color and the repairs were
quickly made. The guest thereupon
remarked on the advantage OF having
threaded needles ready at hand. The
hostess proudly admitted that this was
her own brilliant idea, as it made her
nervous to see a maid try and try
again for needle eye when she was
hurried. She says she not only has a
stock of needles threaded in black ana
white, but on the day colored trocK
is worn needles are threaded in that
color and placed in the workbasket
It takes only few minutes on Drlgh'
day to thread needles and the system
really saves time, eyesight and, mos
precious of all, patience.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
BLACK AND WHITE COSTUME
Idea That Really Never Has Lost
Favor Comes With New Versions
Of the Mode.

Black and white costumes, 1t seems,
have been revived, though probably
few have ever been able to discover
that they were in need of any such
process. A smart new version of the
mode may be seen in a suit consisting
of white linen skirt and a black
taffeta coat, in Russian blouse style,
which is adorned with white linen
buttons and buttonholes bound with
white linen. Another striking black
and white combination is in gown
Of oyster white satin, the skirt of
which opens in front to show an up
ward turning point of black satin,
underskirt. This is all the black
there is, except IN the girdle, which is
Of black velvet. A hat that would be
altogether stunning worn by the right
woman is a wide black straw OF
graceful lines, which is entirely Gov
cred on the upper side by a drapery
of white chiffon. The trimming Is a
fiat mass of pure white roses.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
worked "FIimflam" Game.

Salina, KAMA. C. Moore, alias
Prof. c. Almo, a clairvoyant, was ar
rested and placed in the county jail
charged with grand larceny. V. W.
Anderson. an architect of Salina, want
ing to sell Oklahoma land, visited Al
mo and was instructed to suspend an
envelope containing six one hundred
dollar bills about his neck, and come
back. Anderson went back later
with the money. Magic words were
said, sacred candles were burned and
Anderson went home. Upon investiga-
ton the envelope about his neck con-
tanned only paper. The police were
notified and Almo was arrested as he
was boarding a train for Denver. The
money was recovered. Almo came to
Salina three weeks ago from Topeka.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
Sold Large Quantity of Irvine.

Leavenworth, Kan-The state sales
men at teh prison here have already
taken orders for more than two MIL
lion pounds of binding Irvine. This
Irvine will be delivered before the be-
ginning of the coming harvest season.
Mr.. Cline has in the twine store house
nearly 3 million pounds and he says
that the plant will produce 3 million
more before the end of the season
The prison will begin shipping twlne
April / and continue until September.
The increase within the last two
years of the kaffir corn crop in Kan
sas, according to Mr.. Cline, has en-
larged the sales greatly. More Irvine
was used to bind kaffir corcn last sum-
mer, he says, than ever before in Kan
sas. The increase in the kaffir corn
crop is due to it's coming into genera
use for fodder. The Kansas State Ag
ricultural college is largely response
BILE for this.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
The Living Room.

In choosing chairs for the living room
the individual requirements of the
members of the family should be re.
membered, so that when the family is
gathered together there will be COM
Portable spot for each member.
The curtains, too, should be chosen
in accordance with the needs and de-
sires of the family.
Since the living room is always
where the privacy of home life is en-
joyed, the curtains should, if neces
sary, serve as protection from passers
by.
On the other hand, the room will
probably require all the light possible
A happy arrangement is often made by
having upper and lower curtains. Such
sash curtains are made in two tiers
and hung on two sets of brass rods
so that either the upper or lower half
or both, can readily be drawn aside.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
Bows Grit in Vain.

Marysville, Kan.-Henry Schwartz,
10 years old, his left foot torn off by
the accidental discharge of his shot
gun while hunting, picked up the sew
cred member, took the lace out Of the
shoe and used it to bind his leg in an
effort to check the flow of blood. He
then crawled a quarter of mile to the
highway, where his cries for help at
tracted attention. Physicians from
Hanover and Marysville were unable
to reach the lads home, several miles
from town, because of the heavy snow,
and he died.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
SOME INTERESTING FIGURES IN
REGARD TO WHERE ALL THE
MONEY GOES
Newspapers and Magazines of All
Kinds Take More Kansas Money
Than Any other Article OF
What Might Be Termed
Luxuries.

Topeka, Kan.--Kansas is regarded
as one Of the best educated states IN
the Union. but +. T. Fairchild, state
s,perintendent of public instruction,
has some figures that are really start
ling and still they are regarded as
too low The United States census
bureau got out table showing what
the entire country spent for various
articles OF a more or less necessary
nature, but which were not actually
necessities. Mr. Fairchild took these
figures and applied the Kansas pro-
nortion to them and he found that
the state spent nearly five million DOL
lars annually for newspapers ana per
iodicals of various kinds. This would
he almost there dollars for every man.
woman and child in the state, and II
is probable that they are too low, II
anything The population OF Kansas is
1855 of the total population of the ell
tire country, so this was taken as a
basis for the figures.
The Kansas figures are pretty accur
ATE Oh IIllS DdStS vi wa N'AA''
Gently made an investigation OF the
cost of school books in Kansas anc
he found that the people of the state
paid 100000 a year for school books
Using the 1855 per cent of the tota
school book expenditure of the Unit
ed States as basis it is shown tina
the government figures gives Kansas
a total expenditure of S296.OOO To-
school books. Mr.. Fairchild figures
that the Kansas proportion of the gov
eminent census totals is fairly accurate
being Just a little below the actua
amounts expended in the state, Kan
sas has a rural population while man!
of the articles are those used IN cities
chiefly and in the case of some II i
believed that Kansas uses much NOR
than its proper proportion.
Here are the figures for the entlr'
country and the Kansas proportion:
Government Kansa
Total Proper
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
KANSAS TOPICS
FORMER sEcEssloNlsT DIES.
w. H. Nesbt Was Hanged Until he
Said "HIrrah for Lincoln"

Atchison, Kan.-William H. Nesbit,
aged so years, and pioneer OF TINS
section, died at his home here, aged
so. He came to Atchison in 1859, ana
shortly afterwards moved to Doniphan,
where he was engineer in a mill. An
ardent Democrat, Nesbit met the DIS
favor of free state men. On one oc'
casion he was strung up" for yelling
for Jeff Davis. A crowd of free state
men went to the mill where he worked
and demanded, after putting rope
around his neck, that he cheer for
Lincoln Nesbit refused and shouted
"Hurrah for Jeff Davis" The free
state men then pulled him up, but lei
him down and gave him another
chance and he shouted for Lincoln
Later he drove the rig which brought
Lincoln from Doniphan to Atchison.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
PEOPLE OF KANSAS SPEND $5,0OO,OOO
EACH YEAR FOR THEIR READING MATTER
TRAPPER MARKETS. WITH
DOG TEAM AND SlEDGE.
Gave Larned Appearance of Having
Suddenly Been Transported to the
Hudson Bay Country.

Larned. Kan.--With a crack OF MS
long whip and shout, Ben Starr, the
trapper of Upper Pawnee creek, dash
ed into town the other day with his
dog team and sledge on his annual
trip to market with furs and pelts.
Just as if Larned had suddenly been
transported and transformed into
Hudson Bay Co. trading post in the far
northwest was it, for Trapper Starr
had on his sledge good sized load OF
furs and pelts.
Two hundred and fifty furs there
were in all-skunks, mink, muskrat
and badger with a sprinkling of civet
cats and coons among them.
Hitching his coon dogs to home
made sled, Starr loaded his pelts on
the sled and with crack of his whip
and a shout at his dog team the trap
per made the most unique trip to mar
ket with produce that has ever been
seen in central Kansas.
Starting from his home near Bur
dett at 7:30 a. m, Starr made the
24-mile drive to Larned in just nine
hours. arriving with his strange team
and cargo at 4:3O in the afternoon. He
skinned over the snow drifts with
ease, the drifts in many places being
from ten to fifteen feet deep, he re
ported.
At the "Burdett skunk farm" as ne
STYLES his place he has couple OF
hundred fat and flourishing skunks.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
Narrow Belts Smart.

While wide girdlelike belts are fash
ionable, there is something chic and
smart about the narrow belt which the
former lack
Black patent leather belts one and a
half inches in width are popular
These are decorated with buckle to
match, or one of antique silver. Plain
stitched cloth belts to match the suit
are also worn. Sometimes these are
trimmed with tiny white buttons ar
ranged in a design at the back.
Narrow satin belts are in demand
Some are made of contrasting color
from that used in the dress.
Suede and leather belts are made In
all widths desired, and in every color
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
Shoes In CoIors,

Every effort is being made to pro
duce novelties. Many colors are being
made up into suede shoes-purple,
sage green, sea blue. raspberry red.
The colored shoes are worn with
dresses to match, and with white and
black gowns. and colored stockings
of these bright shades are worn with
black shoes. Now black stockings
have the walls of Troy in straight
lines from the knee, which looks like
black satin ribbon. Those who are
economically inclined have Isle thread
heels and toes to their silk stockings
for silk does not last long. especially
IL you walk much.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
Sheriff Won't Be ousted.

Columbus. Kan.-County Attorney
Stephens lost in his attempt to Dust
Sheriff Bramlette by prosecuting him
on the charge of dereliction of duty
Judge Sapp sustained motion to
ouash the Information and dismissed
the suit. The alleged derelictlon con
'sisted of Bramlette giving informa
ton concerning violations of the pro
bibitory law to Assistant Attorney
General Burr instead of to Stephens
Conviction would have entailed fine
and forfeiture of office.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
, armed plans for Y. M. C. A.

Iarned. KAMA movement mas
hoan started at this place for the or
ranizatIon of Y. NJ. c. A, The young
men of the Larned high school have
organized themselves and presented
The matter to the Business Mems AS
socistiou which has passed on the mat
ter favorably. The business men
nave granted the young mems organ
Izs,ion the use of their re-
manent quarters can be $ -,
,his is done the state Y. NJ. c. A. Will
80 with the local agitators.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
AmputatiOn Failed to Save Him.

Atchison, Kan.-William Douglass,
aged sixty-two years, died at his home
here after having his left leg and three
toes from his right foot amputated In
an effort to save his life. He was suf-
;ering from diabetic gangrene. Sur
geons had planned to amputate his
right leg If he had lived. in the hope
of checking the disease, but decided
his condition at present was such that
it would be futile. Douglass was a gro
Ger and fruit grower, and had lived
IN Atshison since 1863.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
mNn Sahen When Fired.

Wichita. handsome time ago sup
erintendent Webb of the Missouri Pa
cific here decided to rid the pay-roll
of all Mexican laborers and employ
white or negro laborers. The move
involved some six hundred Mexicans
and was made because the days when
tbev could not work or the monthly ap
propriation ran out many freight cars
were broken into and robbed OF mer
chandise The robberies were traced
IN Mexicans. When notified OF tnell
final discharge, all they would say was
"Nb Sabe" and go off shaking theil
heads.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
narnsr Girl Comes to Front.

Harper, Kan.-A Harper girl, Miss
Cloe Corey. goes to the front, having
closed a contract with the Ridpath
Lyceum Bureau to specialize as read
er with the Harmony Concert COM
many for the coming season. Miss Cloe
Is a last years graduate of the dramat-
ic art department of Kansas univer-
sity. She has a very pelasing person
lily and is sure to make good. She
the daughter of J. NJ. Carey, a mem
her of Ex-Governor Hoch's grain COM
mission.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
Had Crushed by Elevator.

Wichita, Kan.-Lee Tanquary' aseu
az was instantly killed here when his
head caught between freight ele'
vator and a wall of the ten-story
schcweiter block. When found Tan
ouarv's body was dangling in the air
between the basement and ground floor
Tauouary was engineer IN the block
and was working alone. 1t is believed
that he fell from the elevator while
II was in motion.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
Piq Causes Death.

Cottonwood Falls, KAN. H. Rose
40 years old, and a section foreman on
the Santa Fe railroad at Burdick,
Kansas. was instantly killed while re-
turning from work when the hand car
he and his men were driving was
thrown off the track by pig the car
ran down. Roses ten companions es-
capped injury. Rose himself was hurt
internally and died almost instantly.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
Dainty Dresser Cover.

For a dresser cover. take three en-
broidered handkerchiefs. sew a row OF
insertion around each one; then join
them together, and put a narrow lace
around all; line with any preferred
color of cambria. lacking at each cor
ner so it can be easily removed for
laundering. Put at each corner bow
of ribbon the color of the lining.
This makes a very pretty dresser
cover.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
Southwestern to Raise Endowment.

Hutchinson, Kan.-An endeavor is
being made by the Methodists OF the
Southwest Kansas conference to raise
an endowment of 100000 for South
western college at Winfield. The
amount will be raised, it is believed,
when the conference meets in Hutch
inson, converting March 13.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
Punctures Artery With Needle; Dies

Wichita, Kan.-Mrs. Hattie Brinkan,
aged SO years, died here of lockjaw
caused by developments following a
swollen arm, after she had used n.y.
podermic needle. She punctured an
artery with the needle a week ago
and was taken to hospital.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
Wichita May Have a Motor Speedway.

Wichita, KAMA motor speedway
upon which it will be permissible to
"open em up" is being advocated on
one of the less used paved streets of
Wichita by Automobile Officer c. NJ.
Tucker. Petitions for such a course
are being circulated among the auto
mobile and motorcycle dealers and
drivers.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
caraoe owner Ends His Life.

Ellsworth, Kan.-Charles Zelalouck,
owner of a garage, committed suicide
at his home here by taking strychnine.
Domestic troubles are supposed to
have been the cause.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1912-03-15
INTERNATIONAL,
SUNDGXS01OOL
LESSON
LESSON FOR MARCH II.
THE PARALYTIc HEALED.
(By r. o. SELLERS, Director of Even
ing Department, The Moody Bipie IN
stitute of Chicago.)

LESSON TEXT-Mark 2:1-12.
GOLDEN TEXT-"Bless the LORD.
my soul, and forget not all his penents'
who forgiveth all thine iniquities; who
healeth all thy diseases. "-Ps. 1929
New Ulm review., 1912-09-18
ond.r for lleariag on Petition FOL
Administration
STATE OF MINNESOTA ss
Co,,nfY of Brown.

County of Brown,
Gin Probate Court, s.a ,o,e
Especial Term. September S.o. 4'is'
I'm the Matter of the Estate OF Daniel
riSd,sts99 tses9;iss snd ding the petition Of
Fowle9 Middleton of Maple Plain, Mime s
eSet eSsa neppiel 5epM Midd1eton deserted his wife
IA family on their preemPtion ciaim Minna an
fhe ToWn Of Hen1e, Brown County, HanHS 9e.
sofa, more thar a years az kEod been ~ =
tdent ssysIsi Sfehh SSf ehe tounty Of Hrown end Re-
SIScI thsrein With his wife and family.
TI,et after his departure from said Iown
nj Horne he has never been seen !Hu:.o. !lT.: ~.
heard from by an OF his fama.X,; ,,,esns
or friends, althSaga tes1S ~ sCcpre informa alton
rG"".eerninS Ens, and this petitioner
SIfe%sa thst D6aiet Middleton 10 dead and
~ - Lasf VfiN and Testament 60 the
EnuWied9e. is1formation or oel'e1 OF your
p94n.Sfid 4nsf ssid peaiAiooer Is an heir ct iaH Of Of
"a estste Seto william W: Fry granted; a
n ie ordered that said petition be heero e.
,,escre aid Court, on Thursday the 18th
~ AZ SentemSer A. d: 1913 at 10 o'clock A:
j. at the PeeS9te once, , ca,,,tw ~ sHs oou''
House. In New Vim. ~ s1d s.,Ss CounSsy r. sy.~of he
;0c@ Er1esed te IA he,rs of Sid deceased ana 70
IA nersSns iate rested. by publishing thts
6rder once IN each week for three
eucceesive weeks prior TO sa16 osy Oh
hearing IN Ne Ney Vim na n1iih n,,hii.h.t
.eekly nsHsPsPet Rfimseat Rcn'sety. ena ''' pa'
Dated At Nev Uim, this srd day of
By the Court,
tSeaN GEO. Ross
AZ a Judge of Probate.
New Ulm review., 1912-09-18
PRACTICAL EDUCATION.
Begin with the Boys and Girls Before
Prejudice and seIf-Satisfaction Have
Stifled Interest in Better Things.
BY B. J. Horchen.

National Crop Improvement service.]
Begin the work of crop improve
ment with the boys and girls. Begin
before prejudice and self-satisfaction
have stifled interest in better things.
In their school work give them as
early as possible a knowledge Of such
fundamental facts and technical terms
as will enable them to read and un-
derstand the literature connected with
their profession. Seek by every pos
slble means to cultivate willingness
to accept the authority Of experts and
act in accordance Herewith. Teach
them how to have access to the stores
Of knowledge which are far too vast
tor any one individual to gain BY per
sonal experience. Interest them In
the subject, show them how they may
personally profit through their knowl
edge and then where circumstances
arise that bring an end to their school
life, then education viii not cease, but
they will continue to grow and be
better farmers, better citizens and bet-
'er men and women ~ time goes on
New Ulm review., 1912-09-18
Notice of Sale.

The undersigned desires to sell sell the he
following described premises WHICH are
part of the estate of Carolina Winkel-
mann, deceased:
The farm of said decedent containing
2s5 acres more or less and des descTi1ea IL asd as
Two G2l of Section No. Two (2); part of the
Northwest quarter (NWA1; 1otfh 1Iots Nos; Nest
quarter lNW4) of the Southeast quarter r
tsEA'; the Northwest quarter anS ,GM ~ OF OF
Lot No. Five o. all Of Section IhTee ene 1S
Hundred aud Nine l09), Range Thirty (So)
west.
Sealed bids for said land will be received
by the undersigned up to noon 90 tot OF sep p
must be addressed to the undersigned,
care of Pfaender & Flor. New gim; ;,,ne M,nne-
mann FARM" such bids will be opened at
said office at 2 o'clock p. NJ of said day;
the unde, signed reserves the right to re-
iecf anv and all bids.
WIN. FRANK,
Executor of the Will of
Carolina Winkelmann
PFAENDER & FLOR. ~ ~
Attorneys for Executor. s6-se
New Ulm review., 1912-09-18

- & t U1O0eOs
STATE q lg1ssMssogrA'i.~ 9 ss.Msssog
NRRSseak9 Coue; ~. ,ab,. ,sia
1SSssasi 49, g ite IVY us.cssss q 8. A
sfss: dtsae: desteaee.atary q: .hs = s..ate
49, - g ~ SeyUlS Ia the County of BroE1
o1d tie Seote. e llinnesota' oeanS ''s'
- IacinS ~. cJSrge ~, a.. -,
Il AppeotenK on peopet pUS faisd hereir,
Lodlia 9eofxe. Tadtst esst tsese Ser n ars 10 debts
z. pss.t p.oxtsdassao aso e3tsts ek II said decea:ed;
f% III Ordered. that three montne - ~ ~
nn,. is hereby allowed from and after
XIX Ia al this order In which AL ~ =
Sc~fmU claims or demands oEa!ns.
IA deceased. II any there be.sse ceu1t rs1@ttdf of
fofIle the same In the fIoIase ~ siiov.
seid County: ::1s.s for s1:n,1d.s'on :. .qrsd. -A1
n "a Further ordered, th.t the .,nst nrst
HGnndsv In December 1917, at ~ uohot.. oGhtott.
~ - General Term of SAID ProDate
&nr, 10 be held at the Court HOUSE ~ =
SSc Citv of New Ulm In said Co1nty; pe
snd The same hereby 10 aDpointe.Ia =. as .aiS sIS
tine and place whom and where the :ai1 .t
Probate Court vn vnn,ssnaa. eHa
Ard III Is FurtLer Ordered. xnes a!*n,s as
of ouch hearing be given TO al rScte4a ~
o.,S neraons interested In said kstate, py
for4tWifh publishing this ofder onSe ~ -,
eSch week for three successive Wit a,,nr ~
fhe New Tim Review . weeky nS S.,rtv
pmtSd ~ New Ulm. this Sth DAY Oh
A"&ue BY the Court,
..u 80 Judge of Probate.
New Ulm review., 1912-09-18
RYE IN COLD CLIMATES.
avs Harder Than Wheat-Wlll Grow
In Cold Weather When Wheat
Lies Dormant In the Ground.


National Crop Improvement serv'ce'l
Rye is the typical grain of the cold
temperature climate. For its germina'
ton the minimum heat requirement
is 80 to 36 degrees Fahrenheit: the
maximum Sc F., and the best tempera'
ture II degrees F. ~ IT,. o.
When the soil temperature IL 80 to
Il degrees Fahrenheit, rye terminates
In four days. It withstands cold down
to IS degrees F.. and it grows In win
ter when the temperature 10 . few
degrees above freezing point (32 de-
grees). .n .-.- :. s
Rye is much moro hardy than
wheat. When wheat lies dormant
rom cold. rye grows readily.
New Ulm review., 1912-09-18
RYE is FORAGE CROP.

National Crop Improvement service.1
The great tendency OF late years has
been to grow more forage ef the plants
Of the grass family and their use fos
this purpose 10 likely to increase %
grain feeds become more expensive
Forage cropping affords opportunity
for a more complete system of crop
rotation as does grain farming. On
all stock or dairy farming, rotation
should be arranged 10 as to include
grasses and smaller cereals and grow
grain for silage or for grain. A valu'
able rotation on dairy farms Will be
found to be a six years plan con
sisting of:
First, rye sown after grass with
clover as a cover crop.
Second, corn with corn crop OF
rye or clover.
Third, oats.
Fourth, clover and mixed grasses to
he continued for three years.