davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1912-03-09

ed hither and thither, and SO manip-
ulated that he levies tribute on the
producer on one hand and on the con-
sumner on the other-to use an express
sive colloqualism, catches them "a go-
ing and coming
But you must study this problem.
otherwise you may make your very
apiiity 10 produce a curse to yourself
and your people. rather than a bless
ing. To illustrate this See how the
great cotton crop of 1911 with its
three million bales increased Weld.
brings in to the south 800 million
dollars less money than the crop Of
191O-and why? All because our
people had no proper system of ham
ding it.
See how it will work out next fall.
If our people are blessed as I hope
they will be with a bountiful har-
vest of food crops, and have made no
arrangements to handle their sur
plus of corn and hay and hogs We
swing from one extreme Of the pen
dulum to the other-and all because
We have been taught that "ours not
to reason why, ours but to produce
and starve. while all the world won-
ders!'
Mr.. President: l thank you for this
opportunity to bring this message
from the farmers union of South
Carolina to this institution which
we are so literally supporting, and to
these young gentlemen who are so
representative of the Drawn and brain
of the progress and culture Of South
Carolina-and in conclusion want
to say there is no royal road to the
goal l have tried to point out to you.
And not by some stroke Of luck will
this great subject be opened up and
made plain, but by hard and unremit-
ting toll. Do not despise the day of
small things. Be not like Naaman-
ready to do some great thing while
despising the simple command of the
prophet, Wash and be Clean" Read
that beautiful story found in End
Kings. the 9Th chapter. and take up
the work which seems simple enough
but Is fraught with great possibilities.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1912-03-09
HOW TO GET RID OF CUT WORMS
Clemson Extension WOrk-ArticIe
Inv

Now is the tim. to get rid of the
troublesome cut-wuin.s. Do not wal,
until they are running your stand of
cotton and corn and then attempt to
control them; for then there is little
that can be done. In the fields where
they did damage last year, plow the
land deep this spring; for the worms
which are going TO give you trouble
are now in little rounded cells in the
SOIL, dug out for their protection last
fall when cold weather came on. This
deep plowinr will turn many Of the
worms under so that they will never
be able to get to the surface to do
any damage. Not all of them will be
killed in this way. Experience has
SHOWN that it IL good plan to follow
this up by an additional measure.
About planting time, in clear weather,
cut any fresh, green material which
may be about the place, preferably
clover, and dip this into a barrel of
poison solution, made by dissolving
one pound Of Paris green (the sub
stance that Is used for killing potato
bugs) in fifty gallons Of water. In the
late afternoon, scatter this poisoned
vegetation over the worst infested
acres so that it will not wilt too
quickly. The starved cut-worms
having had no food all winter. come
out at night and eat this greedily,
and are poisoned. Defer chopping
the cotton or thinning the corn as
long as possible: for the greater the
amount Of food the worms can get.
the quicker they will mature, change
into ''candle-1y" and cease to trou-
BILE the crop. Frequent shallow cul-
tivation. as close to the young plants
as can be done without injury to
them, also proves a check to the work
Of these pests. The best permanent
way, however to handle them Is by
rotation Of crops, practicing deep fall
pioWins. tnorOugh spring prepara-
ton, and by keeping the land covered
In winter with some cover crop, such
as rye and vetch, or better still.
crimson clover, II il can be grown.
Such steps as these will rid the land
OF the cut-worms and at the same
time this extra cultivation will i'm
prove the land.
The problem in the garden is a
somewhat more difficult one, but the
same methods apply. An important
point to observe is to put plants badly
affected, such as cabbage. as far away
from their last years place Of plant
ing as is practicable.
WILSON p. GEE,
Assistant Professor Of Entomology.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1912-03-09
REDUCE ACREAGE IN TEXAS.
Secretary I'm Charge OF Movement
I'm Texas Reports to Watson on Cot
ton Situations.

The following letter has been re-
ceived by Commissioner Watson as
president Of the Southern Cotton con-
gress from the secretary of the move
ment in Texas to reduce cotton acre
age:
II would say for Texas that we
have the organization we'll in hand,
and pledges are being taken in every
cotton growing county in the State.
So far as reports have been received
at this office, though we will not re-
ceive the majority Of them until the
25th Of March or possibly the first
Of April. as general average, they
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1912-03-09
HAVE A SEED PLOT THIS YEAR,
In No Other Way Can You Hone
permanently to Improve Your
Corn or Cotton.

l wonder how many Of the req ders
Of the Progressive Farmer have
breeding patch for their cotton and
corn in mind this spring? Much has
been written and said upon this sub
Ject and doubtless many Of us have
resolved to have a breeding patch.
But in the hurry of getting our crop
pitched this spring these good re-
solves are too apt to be lost sight
Of and forgotten. Most of us have
made some effort to secure better
seed, either by having made our own
selection from our fields last year
or by purchase from some man who
claims to have done so. Many who
have depended upon the latter meth
cd of improving our crop are doomed
to disappointment; but no matter
what plan We have adopted we are
only going to take temporary steps
forward and run grave danger OF
III
We do not give these seed especially
the very best Of them, particular at
tention in the shape Of selection Of
soil suited and prepared for them
and also give the resultant plants
the best Of care and attention and
cultivation.
AS with livestock so with seed.
Good feed and care are Just as i'm
portant as good blood. At least it
matters not how well-bred our plants
or animals are we cannot expect the
hes: results unless the two go hand
I'm hand.
So the fight for better plants
that are more certain to yield
better and be Of better quality
is only begun when We have selected
our seed or have paid some one else
10 do what we had much better have
done for ourselves
Do not make the plots too large,
for by SO doing we are more apt to
neglect or indifferently prepare and
cultivate them, and remember the
secret of the greatest success is in
| giving the best of preparation and
: cuitiVation At the greatest a quar-
| ter Of an acre for both cotton and
corn is all that should be undertaken
and this had better be reduced to a
few rows or even individual plants.
\ single stalk of cotton or ear of
corn will i'm n very short while be
the progenltor Of seed enough to
plant the ordinary farm Each year
We are To select the very best indi-
Vidual i'm this seed patch for our
next years seed patch and the Sc
lected best Of the balance is To go
To make mp the bulk of our crop.
by pursuing this method our field
seed is improved each year and
comes nearer To that goal towards
which every good farmer should Ger
talnly u" Striving-thc perfect plant
both in yield and in the quality of
the product.
The day is rapidly approaching
when mo- ono but scrub farmer will
plant scrub seed ANA the handwriting
is ON the wall for the one as well as
for the other. Is this handwriting
Tor You. Mr.. Reader? ID. \. Barrow.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1912-03-09
LIVERPOOL MARKET.
WARNING TO VANDALS.
superintendent Of Cemetery Calls At
tentiOn to DepredatiOns.
Editor Daily Item:

Editor Daily Item:
flease allow me space u Nour
columns to mention matter u i'm
portance to any and all persons v.so
visit the city cemeteries. Duling the
flower season and through most OF
the year, many lot owners try 10
beautify their lots and have flowers
piooming on them. / am sorry to
say that some grown persons and
children think it no misdemeanor to
pluck flowers from graves and lots. AS
a matter Of fact, there is a fine of IS
imposed by the cemetery board on
any person guilty of such offense. IF
one would stop to think of stealing
something, just one flower from a
grave-planted and coaxed into bloom
with loving care and sacred memory
tine thought would be enough hu-
initiation TO say nothing of LAYING
ones SELF liable to arrest and fine.
Visitors are always welcome by lot
owners and superintendent of Gem
etery. but they are requested to re-
member the sacredness of the place
they visit. They are warnei not 10
pick flowers, and requested not 70
walk on the lots as there are M
merous drives and walks between trs
lots. 1t would be we'll for parents L.
speak of these things TO their chill
dren, as children are often seen in
cemetery with no grown person with
them. The cemetery is watched. AZ
an times. and any person Who {ilfuls
y and deliberately commits offense OF
this kim viii be punished.
Respectfully,
Jno. S. Kennedy,
Supt. Cemetery.
Sumter, March 6, 1912
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1912-03-09
BULLETIN FOR TEACHERS
w. Il. Tate Tells Teachers How to
Secure Helpful Literature.

TO the Rural School Teachers of
South Carolina:
While it is generally known that the
United States Government is now
issuing hundreds Of helpful bulletins
to farmers and teachers, I feel that
the teachers of South Carolina are
not sufficiently well acquainted with
the variety Of these bulletins and the
great possibilities Of using them in
connection with their school work.
The Department Of Agriculture has
just issued ,Circulor 19, entitled Pub
lication Of the Department of Agri-
culture Classified for the Use
OF Teachers" This is pam
phlet Of SO pages. and in it
a teacher may find classified for read DIV
1 reference the various bulletins which
may be used In the school room and
in the rural community. Every teach
er in the State should have a CODY
OF this circular. 1t may be obtained
by dropping a card Of request to the
Secretary Of Agriculture, Washington,
d: c.
Many Of these bulletins could very
properly find a place in the rural
school library, and could be distribut-
ed and read not only by the children
of the school, but by the farmers
in the community. They will add in
terest and variety to the work in
agriculture, and will prove a fertile
source Of suggestions to the teacher
in the adaptation Of her school to
the needs of the community. The fol-
lowing are noted especially for their
direct bearing on our work in South
Carolina, and teachers should secure
them at once; they are free.
Farmers Bulletins
21S-The School Garden 40s-
School Exercises in Plant Produccion.
4Os-School Lessons on Corn. 42g-
Testing Farm Seeds in the Home and
in the Rural School. I34-Tree
Planting on Rural School Grounds.
155-IIow Insects Affect Health in
Rural Districts. 3S5--Boys' and Girls
Agricultural Clubs. 422-Demonstra-
ton Work on Southern Farms.
Circulars.
6O-Ihe Teaching of Agriculture
in the Rural Common Schools. 60
Arbor Day. 17-Bird Day in the
Schools. 24-The Man Who Works
With His Hands.
Documents.
644-Boys' Demonstration Work:
The Corn Club.
Year Book Reprints.
443-Does it Pay the Farmer to
Protect Birds? 51S-Comforts and
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1912-03-09

Conveniences in Farmers Homes.
mes 527-Communi;y Work in
Il. Rural High School
Very sincerely,
". K. Tate,
State Supervisor Elementary Rural
.chools
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1912-03-09

Mr.. \. \. Griffin. formerly I'm
charge az the Sumter shoe Store. left
Monday for Richmond. where he has
accepted position.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1912-03-09
FARMERS
UNION NEWS
Pracucxl Thoughts for Practical
Farmers.
Conducted by K. w. Dabbs, Pres
ident q. G. Farmers Union.)
DABBS AT CLEMSON,

Urges the Farmers College, to take
Up the Question OF Establishing a
"Chair OF Marketing" to Teach the
Farmers how to Dispose of their
Crop to Best Advantage.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1912-03-09

WANTED-You to know that NV re-
pair shop is now open under di-
rection of an experienced man and
that l am ready to do all your fur
niture repairing for you. Geo. H.
Hurst.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1912-03-09

Mr.. Henry Spann left Wednesdav
evening for Baltimore.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1912-03-09

FOR SALE-One medium size horse.
good worker and in good condition.
For sale cheap. w. H. Yates.
6, s, IL, 13, 15-W 1t.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1912-08-20

more frequently in the south than else
where The adult specimens are about
the size of the honey bee, and the
females deposit their eggs in the sum-
mer time on the skin of cattle in the
region of the heel. This causes the an
finals much discomfort, and hence they
lick the part and the eggs are taken
into the mouth, where they hatch. The
larvae work their way into the cellular
tissue beneath the skin of the back,
where they remain and develop until
the spring, forming the Jumps common
ly known as MARBLES. When fully de-
veloped, the grubs work their way out
through small pores in the skin, drop
to the ground. into which they burrow
and develop, finally emerging as adult
flies. These bots, or CAD flies, cause
much loss to the live stock industry
because OF the serious discomfort which
they inflict upon the cattle and on
account of the damage they do to the
hides. MARBLE or grubby hides being
usually locked one-third on the market
The adult flies will be observed about
the cattle during the summer season,
and should be killed as completely as
possible. From this time on every
MARBLE should be treated by applying
turpentine to the small pore or open
ing directly over the lump. This will
kill the great majority of them. Any
that remain should be squeezed out and
destroyed. When this is done the de-
velopment of the fly is prevented. If
this practice were universally followed,
the pest could soon be exterminated,
since the adult flies do not travel far.
Treat your cattle as suggested and de-
stroy and remove the MARBLES as COM
pletely and thoroughly as possible You
will add much to the comfort of the
cattle and do more than anything else
which you may undertake to protect
them from like injury next year The
number Of inquiries coming to hand
indicate that the MARBLE fly was I'M
usually destructive last year, hence
there is all the more reason for taking
vigorous steps for it's suppression.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1912-08-20

control Of this defensive weapon which
you did not want the people TO have?
That's mighty weak excuse about OPP
posing this measure because IT created
two more offices, when you, in 1906,
helped to establish the court OF appeals,
three more offices with much higher sab
aries than railroad commissioners. But
then, nobody but lawyers could offer for
these jobs. Now, I'm not saying that
these new Offices were not necessary, but
II seems to me. that we might as well
have five men to pass between the peo-
pie and the railroads, as two courts and
nine lawyers to consider business that
one court had handled for many years.
when you voted against the Hall
occupation tax on foreign corporations
blouse Journal 1904, p. 4S9) were you
helping to lift the tax burdens from the
dear people, or refusing to do it? And
when ii came to spending the dear
peoples money, why did you buck so
hard against increasing the public
school fund from $1,S5O.000 to $2,000,O00
in 1908, and $2.25O, 900 in 1909? (Sen-
ate Journal 1907, p. 6s2.) And since
you voted for appropriations for all
other kinds OF colleges, why did you
vote against the bill of Mr.. Connorf to
appropriate money to build the present
college Of agriculture, which. under DR..
Soule, is doing such great work? House
Journal 1905, pp. 2S3-236.) If voting
against the tax on railroad incomes in
1907 (Senate Journal pp. 647-S) was
vote in the interest of the common peo-
pie, will you please tell us how thar
was?
sYou opposed the wise and benefcsnt
legislation against working chill
dren under 10 years of age
in factories; you opposed the
agricultural college. which is one
Of the states greatest institutions; you
opposed an increase in the common
school fund; you opposed giving power
to the railroad commission to regulate
passenger and freight rates to require
Improvement of railway equipment and
other powers of such Importance that
the question Of two $4,000 commissions
ers paIes into insignifcance; you oppos-
ed the income tax, and I dare say every
measure the common people" were 70
be benefited by, while you favored ev-
erything the corporations wanted. With
this record, therefore, are you the man
the people need to decide questions be-
tween them and the corporations? i I
say, No; and l believe the voters of this
state will echo, NO, NO, when they
cast their ballots on the 21st of this
month. Respectfully submitted.
''s PAUL B. TRAMMELL."
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1912-08-20

lar, as the tulip tree is incorrectly
called) have flowers so unpretentious
that they are hardly ever observed.
Just as little attention TO the flowers
of the corn plant sometimes receive.
There are, however, two kinds, the
staminate flowers or tassels, and the
pistillate or silk. An interesting ex-
pertinent will show the valuable of each
to the other. If a paper sack is tied
over the young ear so that none of the
pollen from the tassefs can touch ant
fertilize the silk the result will be
cob without grains This also ex-
plains to the puzzled boy why he must
not plant his pop corn near the dent,
lest the wind blow some of the pollen
Of the large variety upon the pistils
OF the smaller and so prevent it from
coming true to type"
Many poets have written in honor of
corn. perhaps the finest of all being
our own Georgian, Sidney Lanier. One
verse from Proctor, slightly adapted,
reads as follows:
"The rose may bloom for England,
The lily for France unfold,
Ireland may honor the shamrock,
Scotland her thistle bold;
But the shield of the great republic,
me glory OF the lanu,
Shall bear a stalk of the tasseled corn
And cotton just as grand
Edward Everett says: Drop grain
of California gold into the ground,
and there it will lie unchanged until
the end Of time, the colds on which il
falls not more dead and lifeless. Drop
a grain of our gold, our blessed gold,
into the ground, and 10! a mystery.
In a few days it softens, it swells, it
shoots upward; 1T is a living thing. 1t
is yellow itself, but it sends UP a deli
cate spire which comes peeping, en-
erald green, through the soil; ii OK
pands to a vigorous stalk; revels in
the air and sunshine, arrays itself
more glorious than Solomon in its YER
dant s<eins of vegetable floss; displays
it's dancing tassels, surcharged with
fertilizing dust, and at last ripens into
the two or three magnificent batons
each of which is studded with a hun
dred grains Of gold, every one possess
ing the same wonderful properties as
the parent grain"
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1912-08-20
CORN IN HISTORY AND LITERATURE
By M Z. sRITrAIN, state School Superintendent

The word corn in olden times and in
other lands had quite a different mean
ing from that which we now understand
by the term. When the Bible in the
Book of Genesis speaks of Jacob and
his sons going down to Egypt to buy
corn the southern boy is apt to get an
incorrect idea of what is meant. In
Europe and other lands even in our
day the same thing is true. Corn in
other parts Of the world than America
refers to wheat, barley, rye, and some
times oats. In other words. it means
rather what we understand by grain.
When our English fathers came to
this country three hundred years ago
they found the savages planting what
the new settlers called Indian corn.
Sometimes they referred to it by the
native name of maize, but the former
has always been in general use, and for
the most part the descriptive appel
lation has gradually dropped off.
From the beginning the plant was
of great Importance John Fiske, the
historian says: I'm the early days Of
American colonization it is doubtful if
our forefathers could have remained
here had it not been for corn" In
some way the Indians had found that
fish acted as a good fertilizer, and as
Iney cOulu De Caught easily II was a
custom with some tribes to drop one in
each hill with the seed, thus practically,
even though in ignorance, supplying the
necessary plant food.
Corn belongs to the grass family.
Just as the little sour crab apple is
the source from which spring the
beautiful red and yellow varieties in
our orchards, so originally maize was
much smaller plant growing wild.
IT Is believed that Mexico was its ear
ly home. The seed has been found in
the ancient tombs of that country and
the Spanish conquerors carried some
to Spain before the jamestown or Ply
mouth settlement
The botanists describe it as belong
ing to that part of the grass tribe
known as Zea Mays. There are sew
eral different families such as flint
dent, sweet, and pop corn. The last is
the children's favorite. When heat Is
applied to 1t the explosion Of the
moisture contained within the grain
causes the kernel to turn inside out.
Most of the trees unlike the pop
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1912-08-20
FARMERS WILL PERFECT
NATIONAL COTTON PLAN
important Meeting viii Be
Held in Atlanta on Aug
uSt 27-28
Especial Dispatch to The Journal,

Especial Dispatch to The Journal,
UNION CITY. Ga, Aug. 1s.-The Far
mers' union Is to hold one of it's most
important meetings at Red Mems wig
wan, Sc Central avenue, Atlanta. Ga,
August q and %.
The stockholders OF the Union Phos-
phate company. and the stockholders of
the Carmichael Implement company,
hold their annual melting at this time.
been thoroughly organized In some states
and the work of organization is now in
progress in other southern states. This
company is preparing to finance and
market the south's crop this year.
Hon. V. Otis Robertson, OF Jackson,
Miss, general counsel for the National
Warehouse company, will address the
farmers present on the night of the 9th.
He is prepared to answer every question
that may be asked concerning this cor
poration.
Special rates have been arranged, and
all persons attending should make in
quiry for these special rates. and il the
agent at your station Is not Instructed
concerning the reduced rates. simply buy
a ticket to the nearest important railroad
point and from there buy a round trip
ticket.
The invitation to attend this meeting
is extended, to all active and delinquent
members Of the Farmers union.
II is expected that this will be the
largest meeting held by the Farmers
union in several years.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1912-08-20

MANAGEMENT OF POETRY SOILS.
S. p. B., Byromville, Ga, writes: We
have p areas of peat which analyses as
follows: Moisture all per cent, COM
bustible matter 5o.Ss per cent. mineral
matter SIS per cent. phosphoric acid
% per cent, potash .O5 per cent, nitro
gent % per cent. We have been using
a little OF This for fertilizer and humus.
but we have been reading a good deal
about peat for fuel. and ii occurred to
US II might be made more profitable in
this way. We have also thought OF put
ting a coat of lime over il, breaking ii
IN thoroughly and planting corn or rice.
We would appreciate your advice in the
matter.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1912-08-20
INJURY RESULTING FROM BAD
FEED.

w. n. r, Andulusia, Ala, writes: In
.ha last few DAYS I have lost three head
Of horses and mules. When l hrst dis
covered their being sick 1 found them
standing up against a fence, ana when
made TO move they would stagger ana
fan and would die In from one TO SIX
hours. I am feeding them ear corn ana
Timothy hay. The corn is somewhat
weevil eaten and occasionally a rotten
ear. but the hay seems to be all right
Do you think Il could be a CONTAGIOUS
disease? Would like to know what TO
do.