davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Owosso times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1897-1926, 1912-09-13

Readers of The Owosso
TINES are advised that the
Detroit Business University, the
Oldest and most influential bust.
ness training school in the state,
is located in new fireproof prem
ises at 50 West Grand River Ave,
Detroit, and under new manage
ment is doing better work than
ever in training young men and
women for good salaried po-
sitiops. The catalogue is mailed
free on request.
E. r. Shaw, President.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1912-11-20
PRESIDENT BROOKS TO
SPEAK HERE FRIDAY
HEAD or STiTE UNIVERSITY
WILL ADDRESS TEACHERS
ASSOCIATION.

Dr. Slrauou y. Brooks, president e.
oklahoma University VIII be the tcp-
turc attraction at the annual meeting
Of the Tulsa County Teachers assoei-
alton which meets here In a two d1y
session Friday and saturday pr.
Hrooks who viii be- here through the
efforts OF county superintendent Shtl-
CAST viii arrive IN the city Friday a
big reception viii be rendered him w
the afternoon and he win make AN ad.
dress I'm the First Presbyterian church
Friday night
Al city schools win close for "a hu't
day Friday ana schools outside the
city win remain closed all day In order
that teachers may attend the meeting
ana TO meet Dr. Brooks An attrlc-
tive program has been arranged for
the meeting and II is expected that
more than 200 teachers will be- prrs-
cut,
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1912-11-20
kccclNc. BID. ON 6 TorpcAo Boats.

WASuINGTON, Nov. 10 19-Contracts
for the conjunction of six torpedo
boat destroyers, bids on which were
opened at the navy department today
probably will be divided among sew
cral Of the seven bidders No COM
pany- offered to build all Of the de-
sDroyers and the Cramp company OF
Philadelphia, whose bid Of $Si6,9O0
each for three vessels, was the lowest
on the departments designs, was the
builder to seek contracts for more
than two.
The Cramp company also submitted
the lowest bid for the two boats,
$S55.0O0 each, and the Fore River
Shipbuilding company Of Quincy,
Mass, submitted the lowest for a sin
gle contract under government plans.
$S54,50O The Bath Iron Works Of
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1912-11-20
TEDDY'S ASSAILANT
IS Declared INSANE
AIIINISTS WILL REPORT TltNl
SCHRlNk II HOPELESSLN
INSANE.

MILWAUKEE,, Nov 19-That John
Sphrank. who shot Col Roosevelt on
.hc night of October IA, last, is in
sane, viii be the substance of an
unanimous report Of the five alicnists
appointed by Judge a c. Rackus To
examine into the plsouers mental
condition. was the statement of Il
court official this afternoon.
Judge BAckus stated late today
that the report probably would not hG
presented to the court until Thursday
and that he had no idea of what the
findings would be
The commission held what was eN-
pectcd to Doe the last session with
Schrank today and II was even while
he was being subjected to further
questioning by the physicians that the
report gained circulation that tho
prisoner would be adjudged insane.
Prcsuming that Schrank will be
found insane it win he impossible to
try him ON the charge Of attempting
to XIII Colonel Roosevelt The only
alternative is confinement in the hos
pital for the criminal insane at Osh-
kosh.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1912-11-20

NEW YORK. Nov. 19.--The United
states scored a brilliant victory IN
the international jumping contest Of
all nations at the horse show today,
taking first, second and third honors
in a field Of "a. containing represent
atives of England, Canada, Holland
and Belgium.
Lieut.. G. L. Scott Of the Thirteenth
United States Cavalry. riding Iitu-
tenant Bcrklcy r. Mershants Nestor,
was declared the winner of the blue
ribbon. The clean sweep came
through Captain Guy Henry of the
18th cavalry finishing second on
Ra2cn, and Lieut.. A. w Booreum,
squadron \, New National Guard, tak-
ing third prize on Justice.
This was the first international con-
test in which American riders AM
horses have made sweep. The vic
tory was chcercd by the big crowd.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1912-11-20

press several policemen and newspn
per men passed through the room a
newspaper photographer even came
In ana took q picture OF the man
sitting on IL chair with the informal
mncblu. resting ON his knee. DAVIS
finally asked that everybody he Kept
hack.
"CurioAy has Killed lots of peo-
pie" hc said. "and II this thing goes
of. there's going 70 De "ho'' '"'
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1912-11-20

Try as you Will, after an appiica-
ton Of Danderlne. YOU cannot find Il
single trace of dandruff or loose
or falling hair and your scalp Will
not itch, but what will please you
most. will be after a few weeks use.
when you Will actually see new hair'
fine and downy at first-yrs-but
really new hair-growlng all over the
scalp.
A little danderlne now will imme-
diately double the beauty Of your
hair. No difference how dull, faded,
brittle and scraggy just moisten n
cloth with Danderlne and CsreGully
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1912-11-20

BUFFALO, ". Y, Nov l9,-The ar
rest Of j Frank Hickey at whiting,
n. j.. and the presentation 10 the
grand jury here Of all the evidence
gathered by the police Of Lackawanna
aud Buffalo relating to the murder Of
5-year.old Joseph Josephs were the
principal developments In the case to-
day. Al the close of the grand jury
hearing, chief Of Police ellison OF
lackowanna and District Attorney
Wesley C. Dudley left for Toms River
y. J 10 take charge of Hickey
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1912-11-20
More Arrests in Portland.

PORTLAND, Ore, Nov 19.-Three
additional arrests were made today in
connection with the scandal involving
a number Of men and boys, which on
Sunday led to the arrest of eleven
men ana an attempt at suicide
The men arrested today are Harry
A. Work. a hotel clerk; T.. +. We'd
mycr, hookkeeper, and w. D..
Werney, department manager of a
large drug house.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1912-11-20
HAIR Stops Falling, DANDRUFf
DISAPPEARS 25 Cent "DANDGRINE"
Hal and We an It.
Danderinc Grows

draw it through your hair, taking
one small strand at a time. The ef-
feet is immediate and amazing-you
hair will be light, fluffy and Wavy
and have an appearance of abund7'
ance; an incompatible rlstre. soft
ness and luxurance, the beauty and
simmer of true hair health.
Get a 20 cent bottle of Iinowlton's
Dandcrine from any drug store or
toilet counter and prove to yourself
tonight-now-tha your hair is as
pretty ana soft as any-that it has
been neglected or injured by careless
treatment-thats all adv
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1912-11-20
No verdict IN
JEfFRIES TRIAL
Confined from page ~

Jeffries movements on the night ot
the murder. dwelt upon the reliability
of the prominent men and women whn
had testified as to the alibi and very
tcnngly compared the evidence as
given to that Of the state wherein thu
prosecuting attorney was not only "t-
torney but also chief witness.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1912-11-20

fered to build a single vessel for SSlO'-
GEO on the plans of the two destoyers
now under construction at its plant,
but asked sS62. 900 for one on the de-
partment's designs.
These destroyers may be construct
ed with turbine primary engines for
high speed, with reciprocating engine
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1912-11-20

attachments for low cruising speed, or
may use reduction gear between the
high speed turbines and the propel-
lurs when the vessel is cruising. EN-
ccpt in the case of the Collier Nep-
tune, now being tried out, these COM
blnations are unknown in American
naval construction.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1912-11-20

CHICAGO. Nov. i9.-Cash Wheat
No 2 red. s1.OOm1.Oi: No. 2 hard.
s6mSSc; No. northern. S6@ S1hc;
No. 2 northern. s4qssc; No 2 spring.
s4ms5c; velvet chaff. S1a S6Ac'
durum. s3m S9c.
Corn-No. ?, 55hc; No. 2, white.
5sc. No. 9 yellow. SO Y d5Ihc.
Oats-No. .. sic; No. white. 3iN
s5c; standard. 33d &c.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1912-11-20
kansas City Cash.

KANSAS CITY. Nov l9.-Casf
wheat-No. 2 hard. SLY SIC; No.
red. 97T9Shc.
Corn-No. mixed, iic' NO
white. acc.
Oats-No 2 VII 32h a w c
No. mixed. IN &c.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1912-11-20

of fraudulent enlistment and dtser-
tion. escape and assault. His sem
tence was l3 years.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1912-11-20

.17bc: Twins IGN gl7c: Young
Americas 16AGl7c; Long Hornh
16A q 17c.
Potatoes-Steady receipts 40 cars
Minnesota, 47d soc; Michigan, 4S4
see; Wisconsin. 45 q SIC.
Poultry-Live. weak; turkeys, l7c;
chickens. IOc; springs, lie.
Veal-Steady; ga lac.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1912-11-20
Kn,ncr,. Condition Critical.

WASHINGTON. Nov. Senator
Rayuor of Maryland, was stil in "a
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1912-11-20
LIVESTOCK

CHICAGO. Nov is-cstile Re-.
ceipts 1900. steady to iOc lower.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1912-11-20
PROVISIONS

Pork, lard and Ribs.
CHICAGO. Nov. l9.-Pofk Mesa
s17.OO917.25.
Iard-In tlerces. tll.i5.
short Ribs--Loose, fO.37 Il ~
1O.S7h.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1912-11-20

The Land of Beauty the that natures children of forest
named Oklahoma choice the American continents they chose WE'LL
land where and but oil and IN abundance flows 3o
millions cotton wheat oats, fruit ablnd
million mineral wealth of Oklahoma found along the
valley of Tulsa, the the
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1912-11-20
TOO LATE TO CLASSIFY

WANTED-YOUNG GIRL FOR
general housework. Phone lil6 or
call g22 South Denver
WOMAN FOR KITCHEN
work Crlterlan Restaurant 10b f.
Third.
WANTED MIDDLE AGED. EX-
perlcnced housekceper. Permanent
place. good wages Il. 1929 s. Boston.
Phone 073.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1912-11-20

ROOM AND BOARD FOR fhREE
gentlemen at 5O4 South Cincinnati.
Phone 1858.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1912-11-20

While the conversation was in pro-
The herald., 1912-07-25
The Ferry Frachise Meeting

On Monday night the call of the secretary OF the as
sale of the Third District Ferry iran
about gathered Phn Hall
OBJECT OF
mentioned
called the meeting OF the association
with President Lennox One OF the
when Mr. Koppel entered little
communications apparently from os IN
of the ever turned over 10 se
made acquainted contents
half houraf the meeting had adjourned
through
Hail. However the no had the hall
and lighted for the occasion
meeting spirited little
principal talking
Koppe
association
five the meetings
Bodenge Martin s. Maoney JOS E.
E W. Lennox Peter r. Munz
subject and
constant attendants
whom mentioned
regarding this meeting but who did not
the best interests of our district
should
continually
commercial interests
KOpp the opn
lion Herald is this subject
The herald., 1912-07-25
MOUNT oLIvET NOTES.

The Altar Guild will meet tonight at
the rectory.
Today being st. James day, there
was a celebration of the holy commu-
Mon at 1880 a. m.
Last Sunday the infant daughters of
Mr.. and Mrs. Edmund Jacob Demuth
were baptized, the names Zonabel and
Via Mae being given them. The spon-
sors were Warren Mermilliod, Mrs.
May Montgomery and Miss Jennie
Sawyer, and Mr.. and Mrs. Louis Flor
ance Schrader and Miss Jennie Saw
yer.
The death of Mr.. Jacob Koppel last
Sunday morning came as quite a
shock to his many friends and those
of his wife and family. The funeral
took place from his home in Opelou
sas avenue and at our parish church
The interment was in Metairie Gene
terry. Our sympathy goes out to the
sorrowing ones, and our prayer is that
God will have them in His holy keep
ing, and grant unto him rest ant
peace.
The herald., 1912-07-25

age district. A break in the river at
any other point would have no effect
whatever, because the district would
be protected from back water by the
back levee along Harveys Canal and
the new proposed levee. A crevasse at
Hymelia or any other point above will
no longer jeopardize Gretna or Algiers
or any other land within the Jefferson
Plaquemines Drainage District.
This locality which has been over
looked for many years, has suddenly
sprung into prominence, and matters
important in its development have been
occurring with remarkable rapidity.
The purchase of the Grand Isle Rail-
road by a Canadian syndicate, who
propose to electrify the line, has had
the effect of calling attention in this
direction. The same capitalists have
purchased the Algiers Electric Line
and are now extending same down the
river to the new immigration Station.
This electric line will be further ex-
tended so as to make a belt, joining
the main line of the Grand Isle rail-
road at Belle Chasse. The completion
of the new immigration Station this
fall will bring a great many new and
desirable settlers to this state, and
many of these will doubtless settle in
this immediate vicinity.
An extensive system of roadway will
be constructed through the district
The "Cut-Off Road" which is now be-
ing built under a contract let by the
City of New Orleans, will probably be
completed during the early part of this
summer. The funds for this public
work were contributed partly by the
parish of Plaquemines, partly by the
City of New Orleans and partly by
private subscription. This road will
furnish a speedway connecting the
city of New Orleans with the lower
coast.
The herald., 1912-07-25
A DECIDED SUCCESS.

The annual picnic of the German
Benevolent Association of Algiers was
given Sunday at the Suburban Park,
McDonoghville, and the event was
carried out on a more elaborate scale
than ever before, despite the rain.
These events always are looked for.
ward to by the members and friends
of this staunch organization and they
invariably prove most enjoyable. II
was the object of the gentlemen in
charge to eclipse the results of other
successful affairs conducted by the
association, and to this end they pre-
pared an unusually attractive pro
gramme, consisting of children's races
and games, moving pictures, concert
and dancing. The arrangement com.
mittee consisted of the following
members: George G. Brunssann,
julius Hambacher, ex-offi-
clio; P. Benzinger, r. Wachter, d. Fro
licher, VIM. Hamann, F. Smith, Geo.
Walter, ]. Sprada, w. Walter, Jos.
Jaeger, Frank Moore, Frank Kraemer,
Phil. Essinger, w. Odenwald, A. Graft.
The herald., 1912-07-25
PETER S. LAYTON & SON.

In another part of the Herald will
be found the announcement of Peter
S. Lawton & Son, who have embarked
in the real estate business to be con-
Quoted both in Algiers and the city.
Their city office will be located at 511
Hennen Building, and their Algiers of.
fee will be installed later.
Mr.. Lawton is a well known citizen
of our district where he has lived for
many years and conducted business.
His son, Sidney, is also well known
here, both among the older and
younger set. He was always recog
nized as young man of superior intel
ligence and enjoys the friendship OF
many.
Mr.. Sidney Lawton will have charge
Of the insurance branch of the bust
ness, while Mr.. Peter s. Lawton will
look after real estate and brokerage.
Their offices will be formally opened
for business on August 1,
The herald., 1912-07-25
BAPTIsMs.

The following baptisms took place
at the Church of the Holy Name OF
Mary:
July 14-Viola Xavier Barrett,
daughter of ]. A. Barrett and Imogene
Cassidy. The sponsors were NJ. Kir-
by Barrett and Viola Barrett.
Ida Monica Pigue. daughter of Joe
Pigue and Blanch Basque of 500 Belle
vile street. The sponsors were AL
bert Loubere and Mrs. Loubere.
Charles Albert Henricks, son Of
Charles Hericks and Irma Carades of
333 Pelican avenue. The sponsors
were Thomas A. Henricks and Isabel
Henricks, July 81.
Nicholas Joseph Beninate, son of
Charles Beninate and Antionette Cas-
trogiovanni. The sponsors were
Frank Beninate and Frances Castro.
giovanni.
The herald., 1912-07-25
DIED

PAGE.-On Friday, July 10, at II
O'Clock a. m. William Milton Page died
of typhoid fever at Jacksonville, Tex.
Deceased was born in Mississippi
twenty-six years ago, but has resided
here for the past nineteen years. He
is survived by his wife, formerly Miss
Sally George and by son and a
daughter. He was a member of Excel
tionary Engineers No. 226.
The funeral took place Tuesday at
| o'clock from his parents residence,
$40 Olivier street.
The herald., 1912-07-25
SUBSCRIBE FOR
THE HERALD
ONLY 1OC MONTH.

fulness and responsibility, which can
be attained only by constant attention
to and observance of those rules of
conduct which have been established
as necessary for moral standing in the
estimation of their fellow mortals. To
impress upon them at all times the
fact that a knowledge and practice Of
morality is the voice of nature, which
is unbounded and universal; and also
how essential it is that they should
perform, with the most rigid punctual-
ity, every moral duty, and that the rec
ognized rules of moral conduct must
be followed in order to merit the re-
spect of all mankind and to earn the
lasting tribute of praise from good so.
ciety
FRANK E. HENNING.
The herald., 1912-07-25
TRIALS or WATERMELON LOVER.

They were seated around the table
partaking Of watermelon. so the talk
naturally turned to the luscious fruit.
1T reminds me of q conversation
which tool place between two col.
ored women" said one Of the guests.
UNA. but All certainly does lobe
watermelons,' said one. Tt sure does
tickle nah palate. How does you like
watermelons. Sister Lizer
Wa-a-ll. All tells you. Sis Jane.
returned the other. All certainly does
love watermelons. but l can't eat
EN-
Wall, that am too bad. What am
de matter. Lixer
Wall, that am like dis, Sis
Jane. I lobes watermelons, but All
always gets NAH ears wet when Al
eats EN-"
The herald., 1912-07-25

MILLER.-On Tuesday, July %, at
2:40 o'clock p. m, Alice E. Miller, wife
of the late Frank ]. Carpenter, died
Deceased was a native of Mobile, Ala,
and a resident of New Orleans for rs
years. She was Sc years of age. The
funeral will take place Thursday, July
%, at ten o'clock a. m. from the late
residence of the deceased, 123 S
Rocheblave street.
The herald., 1912-07-25

SEALER.-On Tuesday, July %,
Chas. Sealer, husband of the late Lou
lisa Hill, died. Deceased was born in
Germany II years ago, and had been
a resident of our town for four years
The funeral took place Wednesday
at $3.50 o'clock p. m. from the resi-
dence of his daughter, Mrs. F. Tegt
meier, 921 Atlantic avenue. Interment
was in McDonogh Cemetery.
The herald., 1912-07-25

eral merchant vessels and other gov
eminent vessels not belonging to the
navy, must all pay their cost of dock
ing, and a good deal of money can be
saved from the charges against mer-
chant vessels.
The herald., 1912-07-25
Martin s. MahOney

candidacy Martin s.
Mahney known and
his residence here he
the benefit of
time labor In
Age
himself of which
might feel
The herald., 1912-07-25

Hear Kelly and Miller in ragtime,
comedy and yodle singers, all this
week at the Memo.
The herald., 1912-07-25
Want Column
FOR SALE-FOR RENT.
FOR SALE.

Fine Brewster buggy and harness,
cheap. In first-class condition. Apply
DR.. A. C. King, 800 Vallette street.
The herald., 1912-07-25
FOR RENT

For Rent-By the day, week or
month, Clement House Milneburg
Pier. Rates reasonable. Apply 435
Pacific avenue, or phone Algiers 531.
july25-aug1
The herald., 1912-07-25
Railroad Schedule.

Free stOpOUers at Mem or,.
Gtl railroad AMI S,to.aShiD tch.. aRora a.
tourists opportunity see me W, asords.
The herald., 1912-07-25
d nashville

LOUISVILLE 4 NASHVILLE
Depart. Ao
500 p.m..N Y. 4 y. o. Itd Ana.
y 900 pun. Gin. " Fla. Exn aois
80 am. Gin, Cal Il NYF, @ia
40 am. Montgomery Accom- sSops
8 10 pm. Cuff Coast AccommNo aSpa
dalton, Daily ET. SIM
5 is pm. Mobile Accom- sou
ILLINOIS CENTRAL
tUu'1n Statlonl
9:l5a am. The limited" Cb,.. ;.
ST. LOUIS, louisville and"
Cincinnati .....
Z 10 pm. Est. Man, Chicago. 81 saaha
Louis, Louisville 4 Din ,n.,
Z 80 AM. Local Mail oosth
80 pm. Northern Express swha
2:50 p.m.. McCcub Accom-. .'lSsWets
3 100 am. The Merry WIDOW aastA
go SouthbOund The Merry Widow sspa
all stations between MeComb and Ssa q
leans. "es D
The herald., 1912-07-25
FOR RENT.

Half of double cottage, located at
1926 Oliver street; all sanitary i'm
provements; seven rooms and bath.
Apply to 32S Olivier street july25tf
The herald., 1912-07-25
TEXAS Il PACIFIC.
tCGlca Statlou1

20 m..... BGyce Local s.sa,.
90 Am. .El Paso * Cal Er.. 5:sss.
:2 2S . M n 'N sv Roads Eoads L0cal..il lsss
QUEEN & CRESCENT RorSTP
The herald., 1912-07-25
LANA SOUTHERN RAILWAY CO
FRISCO LINES.

(Terminal Station, Canal street)
Effective Sunday, April "a, 1914
The herald., 1912-07-25
ILLINOIS CENTRAL.
YAZOo & MISSISSIPPI VALLEY

tUnlon Station.l
9 :55 AIM. Motor Car IA.
100 IN. VlCksburg Excursion. s:sM
3 10 pm. Memphis Express. "a
10 pm. Baton Rouge L Wood. '0Aa
Vile Accommodation
The herald., 1912-07-25
SOUTHERN PACIFIC

Union Station.l
6 80 Am. Texas Local 80. Son..
IL 80 a m. Sunset Exp. for La.
Tex and Cal. .... AR
3 90 pm. Lafayette Local III 10
Z 80 PM. Texas Limited eaSsA
10 100 2. ~. Calf. Express, for WA
La, Tex. and Cal, Ton.
The herald., 1912-07-25
PONTCHARTRAIN RAILROAD
SUNDAY SCHEDULE.

Leave Milneburg-5 80. i! go. 81
3 80 90. 4 80, 8 90 s 80, 500 M
I 100, Z 80, s 100. s 80, 900, s;SO' W
Leave Pontchartrain yunetion-s3
6 200, Z so, 8 100, 10 :02 and llM -
II :O1, 100, 2 100, 3 100, 3 ;3o, 80 -
s 100, s 80, 9 100, 6 80, 900 ~ -
s 80, 8 100, 10 100 and IL 90 p. ~
The herald., 1912-07-25
(Termlnal Statlon. Canal stra.4

I 80 p.m..N Y. h Washington. . Ia.
I 80 pm. Gin. 6 Asheviiie. ala.
q :4s pm. st. Louis 4 Chicago. s:iess
:00 am. Gin. Asheyille.. s5Sss
o 100 am. Meridian Accom-. %G
4 AS PM. Meridian Local
- .Hattiesburg Local. :. s:lo,.
(Sunday Excursion)
TAO am. Picayuns & Int. Pa :aoa.