El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-07-20

ment for international peace came
after wears of interest IN the move
ment for the abolition of wars among
civilized nations. In the latter part of
1910 he concluded the best way to
bring about that desirable result was
to finance a worldwide movement in
favor of arbitration as a substitute for
the sword as a method OF ending in
ternational disputes. He, therefore,
gathered together a group of strong
men in whom he had great confidence,
and made them trustees of a fund of
$4,000. 600, the income to be spent in
promotion of world peace. Coming on
top of his great gift of the peace pal
ace at the Hague, his gift to the Pan
American union, and his gift for the
construction of the building of the
Central American court of justice, at
Carriage, Costa Rico, Mr.. Carnegie's gift
for this foundation was a most munifi-
cent one.
Laird of SkIbO's Plan.
The Laird of Skibo has evolved a
program which he hopes to live to see
the nations of the earth carry out,
purpose which probably he best eX-
pressed in his talk a year ago at the
National Press club of Washington. He
said that all civilized nations have es-
tablished courts for the settlement of
difficulties between individuals, and
have denied to all their citizens the
right to settle them by brute force. He
feels that no individual is fit to sit in
Judgment in his own case, and that
nations are nothing more than collec-
tfons of individuals, each no more fit
to determine the righteousness of a
cause in which it is interested than Is
an individual, when bitter disputes
arise. Therefore, he concludes, If
citizen may be hailed into a national
court and there made to do justice by
his fellow man, why should not ma
ton be made to come into an interna-
tionaI court and there compelled to do
Justice by its fellow nation? That is
the way Mr.. Carnegie thinks world
peace may be made possible. He would
bring into actual being the federation
of the world and the parliament OF
man."
Has Federal Charter.
When Mr.. Carnegie announced his
gift he declared that the trustees
should from time to time, and from
age to age, ask themselves how they
best can help man in his glorious
ascent onward and upward, and use
the fund accordingly. When his trus-
tees organized the foundation one OF
the first things they agreed was that
there should be no duplication OF eI-
fort, but cooperation with existing
agencies. 1t was early decided to get
a federal charter for the foundation,
and one was drafted under the direc-
ton of senator Elihu Root the presi-
dent of the foundation.
Some Charter Provisions.
This charter announces that II IS the
purpose of the foundation to advance
the cause of peace among nations, TO
hasten the abolition Of international
wars, and to encourage the peacefuI
settlement of international differences
The methods by which 1t is proposed
to achieve these ends are numerous
The first is by a scientific inVestlga-
ton into the causes Of wars and prac-
teal methods of preventing and avoid
ing them. It proposes to aid In the
development of international law; TO
try to secure a worldwide agreement
thereon; to educate the people of the
world concerning the causes. nature
and effects of war; TO establish pei
ter understanding Of international
rights and duties, and a more perfect
sense of international justice It also
purposes to direct its energies toward
a better understanding between the
different nations of the earth, and IN
the promotion of a friendly feeling be
tween their inhabitants.
There Are Three Divisions
In the carrying out of the objects OF
the foundation three divisions have
been established: The division OF IN
tercourse and education is presided
over by president Nicholas Murray
Butler. Of Columbia university. This
division has charge of the propaganda
of the foundation. Its headquarters
are in New York, but it maintains
European branch in Paris, which dl-
reefs the propaganda for peace IN Eu-
rope. There is also an advisory coun-
Gil made up Of 80 prominent European
statesmen. Aid is given to all the
peace agencies of Europe. including
both organizations and periodicals.
The HaIdane Address.
The direct way in which director
Butler works for peace is illustrated
by the course he pursued last year
when the German and the Engllsn
press were urging their respective
peoples to go to war Viscount Hal
dane delivered an address at OXFORD
on ENGLAND and Germany; a Study OF
National characteristics" The Wis
count was secretary Of state for war
and his address was an authoritative
utterance While it did not directly
discuss the pending problems that
threatened open war, 1t was an utter
ance which director Butler thought
would tend to lead the Germans TO
better feeling toward their English
kinsmen. He directed the issuance OF
q quarter of a million copies or the
address and their distribution to all OF
the editors, teachers, bankers, law
yers, doctors, preachers, government
officials. and people of every otner
class and profession who might lnIIu-
ence German public sentiment The
German press was pleased with the ad-
dress and the spirit behind the circu-
lation of it, and this proved to be one
of the strongest factors in ending the
danger of hostilities between the two
countries.
Exchange of Teachers.
This division also conducts an ex-
change of teachers between the uni
versities of Japan and those of the
United States, and an exchange OF
teachers between Latin America and
the United States. 1t proposes to pay
the expenses of representative Amerl-
cans who may be induced to visit for
eign countries for the purpose of Gre
ating a better understanding of Amer
lea through lectures on American in
situations and ideals. 1t fosters the
work of the American Peace society
and of the Dissertation for Interna-
tional Cancellation. 1t labored dill
gently in behalf of the peace treaties
that were pigeOnhOled by the senate.
and while it failed to bring about their
ratification through an aroused pub
lie sentiment, at the same time the
general peace movement was immeas-
urably. aided.
Cause and Effects of War.
The division Of economics and his
tory is headed by DR.. John Bates Clark.
of New York. It's first work upon or
ganizing was to hold a conference in
Berne for the purpose of planning
scientific investigation into the causes
and effects of war. This Investigation