davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-06-05
of the land and the amount Of i'm.
proNementS thereon.

of the land and the amount Of i'm.
provements thereon.
After the planter has taken possess
sion he hires natives. who are the
only people who can endure the in
tense heat n perform manual la
Dor.
The wages paid differ in the sew
eral colonies but the planter. of whom
we are guests. pays his men from
two to six marks per month. The first
equals As cents per month and the
latter $1.3S.
This amounts to slavery pure and
simple and when We consider the
long DAYS of work compared with
ours at home We readily see what
civilization has done for us in grand
old America. These wretched slaves
are called at s o'clock in the MORN
ing and are sent out to work without
a thing to eat until 1880 when a
light meal is served. consisting of
tora. tapicoa and wild bananas all
boiled in a large kettle.
One hours rest is given at noon
and then the work goes on until 8
O'Clock in the evening when 1t is
dark here. A meal like the one de-
scribed is then served. No meat, rice
nor fish is ever served.
The lodging house resembles our
pig pens. No beds nor any kind Of
bedding is furnished the black man.
He must sleep on the damp ground
uncovered and practically nude as
his dress consists of a narrow piece of
calico tied around his loins.
A fair days work on Tina planta-
tions is a walk of thirty miles a day:
with a heavy load of cocoanuts on
back fifteen miles.
Imagine what that means in a trop-
ical climate with a heat of over 100
degrees in the shade in a moist at
mosphere.
But this is not all the black man
most endure. Should he fail to move
as rapidly as the master" deems nee
essary two to five strokes are admin
istered on his bare back and often
double that number.
Five strokes or blows are allowed
by the imperial government for dis
obedience and desertion, but the priv
ilege is abused and there seems to be
no limit in punishment.
The planter. of whom We were
guests. told me that when he got a
bad case he would tie his slave to a
tree and pound him until he has to
quit on account of exhaustion.
We saw these severe punishments
administered every day. not the tree
process u the application Of the
stick with n hand and a firm grasp
of the hair by the other hand. while
the poor victim yelled for dear life. ,
We were glad indeed when word
came that u steamer had arrived
with the hope that we could forget
all the misery which we saw while
on the Toma plantation.
We visited several other plantations
and we We're told that the masters"
are about the am
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-06-05
FIRST AND SECOND CHOICE.

bne of the railroad rules for en-
8ineers and conductors in charge OF
trains out on the line in substance is
"U'he in doubt take the side of safe
ty.' That policy seems TO be appli-
cable tn the question of whether or
not ii is mandatory on the part OF
the voter in the coming primary nlec-
tion to vote for both first and second
choice where there are moro than W.
candidates in the party for the same
office. The attorney generals office
holds that unless the voter votes for
both first n second choice his bal
lot will not he counted and he would
thus lose his vote for first choice.
The opinion of the attorney gem
erals office has little merit except
what is conferred upon it by statute.
judging by the manner i'm which il
has been unanimously overthrown by
the supreem court on the question OF
party registration in which the same
~cocksureness was evident as is found
IN the opinion on the first and second
choice votes. But unfortunately. the
attorney general has the power to fix
the regulations for election officials
In his opinion. and ii is an impossible
lily by any procedure in court to de-
ternline the question except by a ON
test after the election in which the
secretary Of state might by manda-
mus he compelled to certify the cleo
ton returns according TO the deter
n1ination of the courts. 1t is easy I"
See, however. that this process would
involve almost endless litigation.
If the court should sustain the view
OF the attorney general that the stat
ute is mandatory on the voter-that
is that he is forced to vote for both
first and second choide-the voter
who had voted only for first choice
would have his ballot thrown out aft
err the election when it is too late to
remedy the error. In this way voters
might be deprived Of their right of
suffrage for first choice.
n story is current hat in one
county of the state and probably in
others the voters intend to vote for
indifferent individuals for second
choice who are not even candidates
so as not to pile up second choice
vote; for the opponent of their cam
didate. Whether this is true OF not
We do not know and do not care. We
quote it only 10 show how flimsy the
lsv is il the voters desire to dodge
1t. fu. this course is strictly legal.
We believe that even from the lay
mans standpoint We could prove that
the position of the attorney general
is unsound and is either superficial
or worse. But the matter is too inn.
pnrtant to the people to take any
chances and for that reason it will
probably be found better u make a
seccnd choice of some one.
Under the law If Il candidate for an
office in which there are more than
tuo candidates receives fifty per cent
or more of the votes cast he is norni-
mated without considering the second
choice votes. But if no one has that
number, then the first and second
choice votes for each of the two
highest candidates are added togeth-
er. and whichever of these two cam
didates has the highest total uf first
INC second choice votes is nominated.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-06-05
CONFESSED MURDER.
Minneapolis Man Pleaded Guilty. But
Claims Killing Was Accidental.

Brainerd. Mimi. June Am the
district court a dramatic scene was
enacted when William Pierson, a Min.
neapolis bo%okbinder. pleaded guilty to
numbering George c. DOUGLASS. a
homesteader, who resided in the yicin-
ity Of Pequot. Pierson admitted the
crime. He said. however, that the gun
was discharged while he was scuffiing
with Douglass and that it hit the
stove. In the fight he struck Douglass
with the hammer and with he stock
of the gun.
When asked il he had anything to
say. Pierson recited the Apostles
Greed without error. Judge Stanton
sentenced him to imprisonment for
life.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-06-05
Curious CONVERSATIONS
tTsken from Exchanges.) .
Less than 1900 Europeans resid

Less than 1900 Europeans reside
within the Persian empire.
Chinese school children sit with
their backs to their teachers.
h marriages in England last wear
averaged 10 to 1000 population.
Dr. Putnam of Boston advises n
ents to permit their children to &c
barefooted in
An analysis shows that twelve no,
cent of the street dust in New York
city is pulverized rubber.
1t is estimated, says the Louisville
Courier-Journal. that the hobhle Skin,
mas doubled the number of womcn's
shoes old in the world. They have
10 take two steps now where they
took one before. and thai means the
shoes wear u twice as fast.
The Chicago woman who found
that many working girls of her cit,
received only $3.50 a week has con.
Quoted an investigation in other large
cities of the country. n has the sat.
is1actlon OF Knowing that in This re-
spect Chicago is not the worst often
der. In Washington she found girls
who were receiving only s1.75 a
week.
Rough and Ready. Cal. is lucky
enough to have for registrars of votes
Miss Mamie Morrison. an expert hors.
wonan who is highly popular, and
she has made a new record by hunt
ing up every voter in her haliwick,
spending ten hours a day in the sad.
die. She takes her book To country
dances, too. and not a man or woman
escapes without registering.
Take a cherry and remove the
stone. Get the color out by holding il
over the bleaching fumes of sulphur,
Remove a portion OF the fieshy part
of the fruit to leave mostly fiber. Then
inject some artificial sweet substanc
to give It a body II a suearlike
quality. Dye it with a brilliant red
coal tar dye. Put it in a bottle. Then
you have a nlaraschino cherry, pure
food experts say.
The California Orange Growers as
ISOLATION is indignant over the UNI
scrupulous conduct of n few orange
growers who are iniurine the state
by shipping frozen ranges. This is
a sensitive point with californians
Tor while the state IAN produce and
does produce superb oranges there is
always the risk of damage to rcputa-
ton done by an occasional shipment
Of spoiled fruit.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-06-05

II Champ Clark and Oscar Under
wood set down as hard on William j.
RrEan when he attempts to run he
TIA convention as they did
when he tried to run the present DEM
"cratic congress-, ii will take more
than a cross of thorns and crown OF
gold Ia put him in control.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-06-05

If Taft takes the six votes az large
in Ohio after Roosevelt had carried
the state. the followers of the presi-
dent should not complain if the eight
delegates at large in Massachusetts
who are Roosevelt mon. support the
colonel even if the president did car.
ry the state.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-06-05

Yes. the Times said some time ago
that the nomination of the republic
can candidate lay with the action Of
the national committee in deciding
the contested delegation.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-06-05

right gir!." Such "A bachelor AS his
could be of real service to the COM
munity by adopting a homeless child.
Incidentally, the child would be made
much happier, and the life of the
bachelor would be filled with JOY.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-06-05

Since his friends have decided not
70 try to place his name before the
national democratic convention. it is
possible that Governor Burke will
make tho race for in the
First district on the Democratic ticket.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-06-05

y California woman has beer
awarded a divorce. alilnonN and the
custody "f tho dog. Thus is the old
common law made to meet modern
conditions.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-06-05

Since Roosevelt entered the lists
President Taft evidently knows how
to ~sympathiZe with President Gomez
over that revolt.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-06-05

If it costs six dollars q bath for
senator's in WASHINGTON, is that an
evidence of the political condition of
the body?
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-06-05

The Roosevelt band wagon is be-
ginning to look like a lifehoat to a
good many southern delegates 10 Chi.
caeo.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-06-05

The state candidates are busilv
figuring out whether OF not the sec
ond choice vote will he a brickbat
or a bouquet.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-06-05

That democratic love feast that was
held at Fargo a few months ago for
the purpose IF Harmonizing Bryan
seems to have had tina wrong bunch.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-06-05

Golfers Weekly Is now engaged in
knocking Champ Clark. which ought
to help-Clark.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-06-05

Come to think about it, all educat-
ed noise is not piano playing.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-06-05

No candidate ever has a following
equal to that of a circus parade.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-06-05

Three or four revolutionists are
waiting for every political job in the
country.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-06-05

When q woman finds a man she
can Dos, she nearly always overdoes
it.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-06-05

Nearly every worthless man fire.
quently says. impressively: I'll guar
antee it,"
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-06-05
Mems Oxfords $2.4S

Men summer ONfords in black and tans-our entire line included Dozens
OF good, uptodate styles-nosuy all sizes. Values III to $500. nern mr Bar
gain Basement, So IS.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-06-05
Ladies' Oxfords $1.79

Choose from a large assortment of Ladies' Ok
lords and Pumps in blacks and tans-all leather
included. Values up to $3.50. Bargain Basemen,
per pair, S1.79.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13
fROE. JOSEPH LEIDY

cate intellectual superiority?" l asked
Prof. SpitZka.
1.-The richness or compleXity of the
surface markings. for one thing. he
replied, while another important in
deX to great mental power is large
'cOllOsum, by which l mean the bridge
of fibers connecting the two halves of
the brain. l find as rule that the
brain of a man of eminence has col
losum enlarged out of proportion to
the factor of brain weight alone.
"Over this bridge pass the impulses
of coordination between the two
hemispheres of the brain, and it con-
meets the various parts of the intel
lectual machinery with the apparatus
controlling motion and sense. Every
known case of deficiency or disease in
this structure has been attended by
observation-disclosures or downright idiocy.
1.-The largest bridge in our brain col
lection--in fact the largest recorded in
literature-is that of our later member,
DR.. Joseph Leidy. the eminent NOR
biologist. who for nearly forty years
was professor of anatomy at the Uni
versty of Pennsylvania. Its cross-sec-
ton measures 1888 square centimeterS.
whereas that of the average human
brain measures less than six. Second
only to Prof. Leidy's is that of Prof
Persifor Frazer, which reaches 1926
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13

Among the largest that l know of be-
sides these two are those of the his
tOrian, Grote GO): Of DR.. T.. c. Seguin,
the neurologist t8.4S), and of the as
tronOmer Hugo Glyden $40.
Il believe that We have in this struc-
ture index by which we may dis
tinguish the brain of the genius or tai
ented man from that of persons of only
ordinary abilities.
Sometimes, In a very exceptional case.
We find large coliseum in the unusually
heavy brain of "A dissecting room SUBJ
ject concerning whose life history prac-
tically nothing is known. When / find
such brains l wonder if they are not
those of intellectual hoboes - human
wrecks who, although they may have
frittered away their lives on park
benches, on the brake bars of freight
cars, or in lodging houses and barrooms.
and who although they have ended their
lives as pauper dissecting room subjects.
may, nevertheless, have been potential
geniuseS.
Another index to superiority which We
find by comparing human brains is an in
creasing proportion of white to gray sub
stance. This white substance is made up
of association fibers,' which interconnect
the many brain cells. They are as truly
representative of the compleXity of mans
thought apparatus as the number OF in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13
DR. HORACE Howard FURNEss

The circumference Of his head was 23't
inches. and he lived 10 he seventy.
Similarly. Prof. MoG.e's head meas
urements indicate that in his prime his
brain must have weighed more than b.
did when | removed It'll 4iO grams That
is exactly the brain weight OF Nusshaum
the German surgeon, and Of George Groie.
the distinguished English writer 81 Greek
history. At its present Noish;. Prof
McCiee's brain ranks ahead OF {. Iose Of
such men as Bertillon. the French authra-
pologist; Gross, the American ph, stefan.
and Leibig, the German chs mist.
Those who deny the significance OF
brain weight an index TO intellectually
cite the case of Gambetta. French states
man, whose brain at the autopsy. pulled
down only Lice grams. As a matter o.
fact. Gambetta's autopsy Was not per
formed until twenty-five days after his
death. his remains having been mean
while preserved by injections Of zine
chloride When the skull was opened il
was discovered that the brain had shrunk
and that considerable fluid had eXuded.
Il have tabulated the brain weight ot
los men of note. and from it deduce that
Americans INCLUDING Canadians) have
the highest average G,5l9 erams). and
that the other nationalties considerably
represented rank in the following order;
British Gncluding SCOTCH. 1,4s1, French,
1.45j: Germans and Austrians. l,439.
There are other characteristics OF the
BRAIN. added Prof. Spitzka. that 1 ac-
cept as indexes to intellectual superiority,
but their description would have to be
Very technical and / Will not attempt 10
now.
by comparing such characteristics in
these brains of Prof. +. ID. Cope and OF
Prof. Joseph Leidy, for example, l would
deduce that Cope was more creative and
constructive, philosophic and formative
than Leidy. hut that Ledy was by far
the keener observer of things. was the
quicker at seeing analoSies and compari-
sons, at coupling observations into gem
civilizations and systematic And
i would say that certain popularity OF
this brain of Maj. Powell would lead me
to venture a presumption that he had a
superior ability to register and compare
impressions in the spheres of sight. hear
ing and touch.
Vigorous minds" added DR. Spitzka in
conclusion. depend not only upon tile
acquisition Of knowledge. but also upon
the initiative power of utilizing knowledge
to the best advantage. To do this the
individual must possess brain OF
superior organization. Not only must
it be large enough, but its elements must
consist of the best material. And the
plan of construction must be of the most
elaborate and efficient.
"A Swiss watch of fine construction -
"A more reliable timepiecc than cheap
and hastily manufactured alarm clock
The expert anatomst discern Such
differences between the simply construct
cd brains of lower animal forms and the
complex thought apparatus Of man. And
within our own species great differences
i'm the elaboration of brain architecture
are readily determined.
Copyright 1912. by John Elfreth WAX u.s.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13

Potomac River Improvement Company.
the company formed to connect the
Atlantic and the great lakes by means
of the Potomac river. by short port
age over the Allegheny mountains,
thence by one of the streams flowing
nto the Ohio river from the western
slope OF those mountains. thence out
of the Ohio into a river flowing from
the north and a short caual from the
head OF that river into one of the
rivers flowing northward into Lake
Erie.
The first link Of the grand project
from Cumberland to tidewater on the
Potomac was completed near the close
OF the eighteenth century and operated
until the surrender of its charter to the
Chesapeake and Ohio canal in 1923
The ruinous locks and nearly flled-in
canals on the Virginia side at Great
Falls and at Little Falls are relics of
this work.
The Virginia assembly and also the
assembly of Maryland in 1884 passed
acts authorizing the organization of
the Potomac River Improvement Com
pany. The Virginia legislature at the
came time passeE an act authorizing
the organization of the James River
Improvement Company, another project
Tor uniting the lakes and the sea by
means of the James river instead of
Ihe Potomac. the SuSquehanna the
Hudson. but this is another story and
q long one.
The acts authorizing the Potomac River
Improvement Company TO open books for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13

handwriting of different persons. And
nearby were the brains of other brother
members of the society to whom l will
later refer.
This sentiment prompting intellectual
persons to thus bequeath to science their
brains, and Of they can prevail upon rela-
tives) their bodies also, is growing" DR..
Spitzka told me. Not until the Mutual
Autopsy Society of Paris was founded in
1881 was this most legitimate claim of
science met. On this side of the Atlantic
the American AnthrOpOmetric Society has
been the pioneer association. founded on
similar lines for the purpose Of discover
ing whether the brains Of persons Of su-
perior intellectual capacity are or are
not distinguished from ordinary brains by
special anatomical characters. The found
of our society were Harrison Allen.
Francis Xavier Dercum, Joseph Leidy.
William Pepper and my father, Edward
Charles SpitZka.
Each member of the society executes
in duplicate the following form Of be-
quest one copy Of which is to be in
trusted to his personal attorney. the
other being forwarded to the secretary
Of the society:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13

the sale of stock were very long for that
period. the legislators requiring about
5000 words to define the powers and the
purposes Of the company. But it is
That passed by the Maryland assembly
was entitled.
can act for establishing company
for opening and extending the navigation
of the River Patowmack. and
Whereas. the extension of the navi-
CATION of the Patowmack river from tide
water to the highest place practicable on
the North branch, will be of great public
utility, and many persons are willing TO
subscribe large sums OF money to erect
so laudable and beneficial a work and 1t
is just and proper that they, their heirs
and assigns should he empowered to re-
ceive reasonable tolls forever, in salts
faction for the money advanced by them
in carrying the work into execution and
the risk they run; And Whereas. 1t may
he necessary to cut canals, and erect
locks and other works on both sides or
the river. and the legislatures of Mary
land and Virginia, impressed with the
importance of the object. are DESTROYS OF
encouraging SO useful an undertaking;
Therefore
BE 1t enacted by the general assembly
OF Maryland, that it may and shall be
lawful to open books in the cities OF
Annapolis, Georgetown and Frederick
town in this state, for receiving and en-
tering subscriptions for the said under
taking, under the management of Chris
TOPPER Richmond and John Davidson
merchant, or either OF them. at the city
of Annapolis; William Deakins and Ben
jamin Stoddert. or either of them. at
Georgetown, and Joseph Sims and Abra-
ham Faw. or either OF them. at Fred
ericktown, and under the management of
such persons. and at such places in Vir-
GINA as shall be appointed by act of
assembly of that government, which
subscriptions shall be made personally
or by power of attorney, and shall be
made in Spanish mlled dollars, but may
be paid in foreign silver gold coin OF
their value.