Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1912-08-03

whether it be owing TO difference in
temperature, or to difference in sald-
hess, ii is a difference that diSturbs
equilibrium and currents are the con-
sequence. The heavier water goes
toward the lighter, and the lighter
whence the heavier comes, for two
fluids differing in specific gravity and
standing at the same level, can no
more balance each other than I'M
equal weights on opposite scales. 1t
is immaterial whether this difference
OF specific gravity be caused by tenn
peEature, or by the matter held in
solution, or by any other thing, the
effect is the same, namely, current.
; Now it must follow that the momen-
tuTyf of this counter-Or under-curreEt
is Just the same as that of the surface
current which has created it, and car
ries. all jetsam that comes within its
reach; so you may wonder at the en-
ormous amount of sunken rubbish car
ried along Ey this stream, having the
same depth and covering the same
space as it's creator. Although not
visible to, the eye it does its work
with the same incessant energy as the
surface current, and seems to return to,
US all, ii not more OF the fotsam
which Nuuanu carried away-but in
what different condition! ..-
Carried Back To Harbor.
For instance, a dead animal floating
outward to sea by the surface cur
rent gradually sinks lower and lower,
until it is within the grasp of the un-
der-current, and when so, is carried
back into the harbor, spreading dis
ease as it.sloWly proceeds until it is
thoroughly decomposed.
This under-current is certainly ter
ror, and il not combatted by bottom,
OF ground -curreEt, would change the
water within the harbor to an, inkly
black color, in which. no living. thing
could possibly live for any length of
time. - ~ - ; s.~. ..-< .-..z.
There is just one point in favor of
this Hnder-eurrent. It's presence with
IL the harbor keeps the man-eating
shark away, for even the shark knows
that a continuous feeding in this I'M
der-current means death, and but for
the presence of this obnoxious current
the harbor would be full of sharks at
all times. Do not imagine that 1t is
not come inside the harbor, for it has
nc, come inside he harbor, for it has
no fear, any more than the mul1et, al
though the latter comes inside the
harbor. But the mullet is a surface
fish, while the, shark prefers deeper
wafer = -. - ~ f-F-'.>@=
Third, or erobnG Current.
This is caused partially, 7 fully be
lieve, by difference OF saltiness, and
also by the diurnaf rotation of the
earth, AID consider this ground cur
rent to be our very best sanitary ,
friend. No member of the board OF
health can be <compared' to this ,.,ani-
tary friend OF, ours, that does its Eork
sc thoroughly, and sweeps along the
bottom of the haIpor, cleaning up all
matter in it's semi-circular course out
ward toward the sea. This matter is
carried without interruption across he
harbor and outward until it meets a
fourth current running to the west
ward, and partially INSTRUCTED Ey a.
coral wall built almost halfway out
ward of the harbor channel.
Now this westerly current is by far
the most powerful current in the vicin-
ity, and sometimes travels at a rite
of three miles an hour. 1t shows ut
ter contempt of the coral wall ana
crosses into the harbor channel, com.
ing directly iEto contact with the 9TH
eT currents already mentioned, Gus
ing thereby rotary current, or .mael,
strom.. Within this maelstrom for
short period of time. all matter
brought to It By the ground current
circles around, eventually being carri-
ed outward to sea, never to return.