davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1912-12-08
Serbs Owe Much to the Accom-
plished Ruler Whom Alexan-
der's Assassination Called
to the Throne.
BY Frederic Dean.

wv HEN on that memorable day in
NJ 1908 Peter Kara Georgevitch had
w placed on his head the bloody
crown of Servia the civilized world shud-
dered i'm expectation of some new tragedy,
feeling assured from the past history of
this little kingdom that hired murderers
lurked behind the curtains of the throne
room, and that following speedily upon
the news of the crowning, would come the
complementary message of assassination.
That was ten years ago. and as yet no
dispatches have told of another such
tragedy in the little kingdom. On the
contrary. peace and good will have settled
upon the land old feuds have been forgot
ten warning factions have shaken hands;
wealth and prosperity have followed in the
wake OF rancor and political disruption,
for despite her striving radical, progressive
and liberal politicians Servia is a united
and contented people. delighting in the
rule of a sovereign who governs by lack
of restraint. who has exercised his au-
thority of kingship and administered the
law of this realm so capably that he has
restored the confidence of the nations and
has compelled both Europe and America
TO acknowledge the wisdom Of placing
upon the throne Of his fathers the one
man who could bring harmony out of dis
without seeming to control; who could
guide the ship of state without appearing
TO be other than passive passenger.
New-York tribune., 1912-12-08
TIE Royal .E9lace. BeISTa6e. .Zze Aslltoo1zS

rulers of his own land-towers head and
shoulders above his fellow rulers OF the
Balkan States. King George Of GREECE
probably comes next in strength of in
telect; but neither Car Ferdinand, tre-
mendous fighter that he is and connected
though he be with half of the royal fam
lilies of Europe by blood and marriage
ties, nor even jolly old Papa Nicholas OF
the little state of Montenegro, lays claim
to the mental equipment that Is Peters.
The proclamation of war issued from
Belgrade and written by Peter is a model
of composition. 1t contains no appeal to
religious fanaticism. but is rather the call
OF father to his children. urging them to
come to his assistance In clearing out the
rogues and rascals that had infested the
family territory all too long. 1t reads,
eloquent though II be. like a brief of a
well trained lawyer. II is simplicity itself
In less than 3ftsen huRdSsA words axe
New-York tribune., 1912-12-08
The. Roget Palace. 6elS~e9e

turned at the call of King Nicholas OF
Montenegro. and fought with him the
battles that led to better things for the
brethren in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
1t was while in Cettinje that he met and
married Princess Zorka, a child-bride Of
nineteen, who. after presenting her hus-
band with three children. died before any
of the great crises came into his variel
life. True. Peter was an exile at the age
OF fourteen, when his father was banlshed
from his throne, but this was trivialty
compared with the deeds Of blood ana
crime which have touched his later life
from the killing OF King Michael up TO
the murder Of young Alexander and his
mistress-queen, Draga, the guilt OF both
crimes having been at various times at
trbuted to Peter. As the true story ~
this latter affair is seldom told oatslde of
the private rooms of true patriots 1t may
New-York tribune., 1912-12-08
THE KINGS SONS.

Forster Bovin. writer OF many OF the
best ESSAYS anent the whole Balkan ques-
ZION. IS authority for the statement that
Prince George. whom he knew intimately.
has many Of the finer traits OF his fathet
and great-grandfather, and Will yet prove
70 the world that he is possessed of the
princelv qualities that made his forebears
what they were.
Physically. Peter is composite OF
Theodore Roosevelt. Kaiser Wilhelm ana
the Kaiser's grandfather. Wilhelm l.
over six feet I'm his stocking feet, slender
and erect. with broad shoulders that are
always we'll squared, head carried proud
L. as II conscious OF kingly rights. and a
strong Roman nose that Napoleon would
have loved. keen gray eyes that allow
nothing 10 escape them, closely cropped
iron gray hair and military mustache'
always faultlessly dressed. whether in his
fayorite white uniform. civilian tweeds or
royal regalia-Peter is always figure To
be noted.
Ats o'clock in the morning he is astridc
his big gray charger out in the park tnat
Is best known by it's Turkish name, the
"Iopclllder. DuIiIiS uIc u"s Hc w
, lights to wafk. and visits the hospitals
the schools and the banking houses OF
| Belgrade on foot rather than be driven
| in tie royal barouche.
King Charles OF Rumania rides black
horse. when ne rides at all. and under his
saddle is a saddlecloth that is covered
with gold tracery. Car Ferdinand OF
Bulgaria is equally imposing when astride
| his imperial roam. But Peter rides on a
| simple leather saddle of the kind made
I'm England for the soldiery. He rides for
exercise. and he cares little whether he
has on a gray coat or a white, and his
gold lace Is left I'm the palace for state
occasions. The one feminine thing about
the King are his hands. Long and slender
fingers with pointed tips-the third longer
than the flrst-immaculately kept and al
ways gloved. they are yet the fingers Of
an athlete. Peters grip is still one of his
strong points. and the saying is current
In Servia that the Kings grasp on af-
fairs of state is no less vigorous than his
grasp on the handle of his sword
Mentally, the King Of the Serbs towers
head and shoulders above the former
New-York tribune., 1912-12-08
Whe/ek the He,7S SAD The first NaSC
in 800 yc3,'c
oath Of loyalty
Co1Sfi<u<l0R

plan was to surprise the couple while in
the palace and carry them off to the
other side OF the Danube where they
were to be left. with strict injunctions
never to come back upon Servian soil.
Unfortunately. one link in the chain
the adjutant-Panayotovlt by name-in
order to keep the door from the park free
and clear But. unfortunately. this was
not done. and when the other 'conspira-
tors" reached the gate they were met by
the adjutant i'm person. who promptly
shot and killed the first one he saw. This
onslaught 50 infuriatcd the men that they
New-York tribune., 1912-12-08
GOLDEN AGE OF SERvIA.

The first King Of Servia. Dusan the
Great, inaugurated the golden age OF the
country in 1886, and under his reign the
Servian territory extended from the Adri-
attic to Adrianople. and from the River
Danube to the Gulf of Corinth. Then
came the last Of the kings, BaZar, and
the Turks, under whose misrule the coun-
try suffered for five centuries.
From the length and breadth of the en-
tire peninsula Servia shrank to mere
dot upon the map-a beggarly nineteen
thousand square miles, without sea-
port Hemmed i'm between the thumb and
forefinger of Austria on the north. the
heel of the Turk on the south and the
rocks and rivers Of her unneighboriy
nelghbors. the Bulgars, on the east, this
little three cornered centre OF the Balkans
has been squeezed and driven from with
out and torn by dissenslons within until
she has hardly known which were better,
TO bear the Ills she had or fiy TO others
that she knew not of. No wonder tha1
her enterprises of great pith and mo-
ment" had their currents turned awTy
and lost the name OF action
This was the state 10 which Peter was
called His has been the duty Of right
ing grevous wrongs of crown and coun-
try. Herculean as the task has seemed
TO both participant and onlooker, never
mas the chief figure in the dramatic dis
entanglement fatered or looked back.
Realizing that. OF all the Balkans. SerYia
was the only state with one Of her own
people on the throne-Papa-in-La Nicho-
las of Montenegro and all his subjects arc
Serbs: King George of Greece is Dane:
Car Ferdinand of Bulgaria is the grand
son of Louis Philippe; King Charles ot
Rumania is a Hohenzollern; and all were
invited by their several states to rule
over them-realizing all this, Peter has
been extraordinarily cautious and unusu-
ally wise in order that his neighbors and
the world, might see what great things
might be accomplished by righteous home
rt11a
New-York tribune., 1912-12-08

were capturing Uskub and Monasur
single handed and assisting the Monte
negrins at Scutari and the Greeks iui-
ther to the south. II Servia's heroic worn
during bloody October, 1912, merits any
thing 1t merits the opening OF her ios'
ports on the Adriatic coast.
In the later dispatches from the various
points of conflict more and oftener men
ton is made OF the fighting men OF serVia'
1t is Peters soldiers" and the servis"
army" that has held the day the oe'
Wan soldier is broad shouldered deep
chested fellow, who can march from III
the morning to In the afternoon on ono
cup OF coffee and be ready for extra "oiA
at 5. The four or five million Serbs III
Austria and Hungary. in Croatia anu
along the borders Of the home country
are only awaiting the word to return "
the paradise of the Balkans" and restoFs
Old Servia to her former glory.
New-York tribune., 1912-12-08

Soon after his accession Peter was
warned to be careful of his personal safe.
ty He Immediately divested himself OF
ALI signs of royalty and, in civilian dress,
mingled with the peasants and others In
the market place. complimenting this one
on his produce and that one on his live
stock, procIaiming broadcast that he was
the new King. their friend. and adding
that he was most proud Of the fact that
he was descended from the great peas
ant, Kara-George."
Such a democratic greeting was a bit
startling and 1t took time for the people
10 believe that II WAS not done for effect.
R,t as the months and years went On
and they saw their gentle. unassumins
lord mingling with them more and more
as a "friv-d and king" the strongest
Ties Of bondage were knit between palace
and people, aud to-day the name Of their
New-York tribune., 1912-12-08
; HAS DONE RIG THINGS FOR SERV1A IN A DECADE
He Has Mingled as a Friend with
His People, Who, Hostile to
His Predecessors, Hold
Him in Affection.

stated the causes and results of the war.
Turkish misrule Is graphically pictured; !;
patriotism for Old Servia, "the glorious
but tragic mother of our kingdom" is
vividly impressed the ancient renown OF
the capitals of the House Of Nemanya of
| Ras of Now Bazaar, Prishtna, Skoplye and
| Prizren, where our brethren in blood,
language tradition and national ambition
still live" is called to mind the murder
of our brethren, their forcibe emigration
10 Asia and conversion to Islam and the
persecution Of our religion. language and
liberty" are cited with telling effect the
desperate straits in which the fugitives
from Old Servia, "clad in rags, stumbled
across our borders" are narrated anew.
and the choice between the existing regime
of invasion and ruinous taxation and the
long -dreamed-of freedom from outside op-
preston and revolving atrocities is held up
clearly to view. Taken in its entirety, the
proclamation is an eloquent, impressive
and scholarly document, kingly writing
that will rank with the best speeches Of
the orators Of the day
The Serbs were first heard Of in the
peninsula as far back as the second CEN
tury. Emperor Heraclus OF Greece used
them as a buffer for the wild Avars, and
by the middle Of the seventh century they
had set their mark on the Balkan lands.
The first prince. or grand zupan,' made
his appearance i'm $50, and the Servian
confederation of states, with Vlastimir ar
their head, became an accomplished fact
soon after. Durazzo, the present apple OF
discord between the home country and
Austria, was captured from the Greeks In
100. and in less than half century the
greatness of medieval Servia began with
Nemania. Of the House Of Dioclea.
New-York tribune., 1912-12-08

rushed upon the royal doorkeeper, and.
putting him out of tho way, killed both
King and Queen.
Another phase of the adventure Is also
new to most American readers 1t was
planned to offer the empty throne to the
Duke OF Connaught, now ruler over the
provinces of Canada. But upon the death
OF the ruling monarch a new dilemma
arose. To check the confusion and pos
sible mutiny Of some of the regiments,
some one must be acclaimed King at once.
Peter. all unsuspecting his new honor,
was named as the Successor of the unfort-
unate Alexander and was called to his
New-York tribune., 1912-12-08
EYN
EXS

not be amiss TO rehearse 1t here. the truth
of which is vouched for by Professor
Pupin. OF Columbia University, himself a
Servian land owner and patriot.
Professor Pupin was In Belgrade in the
summer of 1902, visiting friends of former
college days Some OF these friends were
OF the association at whose doors was
laid the responsibility Of the dual assassi-
nation. AS related by the professor, the
we'll planned scheme was for the banish-
ment of the young King and his mistress
Things had gone to such lengths that all
Servia demanded an ending of the out
rage to the country and to the crown. The
New-York tribune., 1912-12-08
SERvIA'S FIGHT FOR LIBERTY.

1t was i'm no half-hearted way that
Peters country promised through Alex
ander at the convocation of princes on the
birthday of young Boris of Bulgaria to
uphold the hands Of the chief comman-
dant. car Ferdinand in the great fight
for liberty from Moslem rule. She has
given freely of her men and her money.
Hardly day has passed during these Few
short weeks of fighting that has not LETT
a record for Peters soldiers. While the
larger forces Of Bulgaria were bottlins up
the Turks in Adrianople and driving them
into the sea in the east. the men from
Nish, Belgrade and Valyelo, in the west
New-York tribune., 1912-12-08
The ,Cros,zz .P~izcea Of Se1vza

throne from his seclusion in Geneva Was
ever a monarch-elect so surrounded oy
and tangled i'm the mesh Of unmerlted
fate Peter, the rightful successor to the
throne. was asked to step over the dead
bodies Of the unworthy occupiers oil MS
fathers seat Of state TO reach the crown
and even before he reached Belgrade the
press bureau Of the Austrian capital was
disseminating the damning news that y
was he. Peter who had planned the MUIR
der and that he was about to partaKe
Of the victory OF the assassin's knife
New-York tribune., 1912-12-08
AN ACCOMPLISHED RULER.

Peter has been called the most accom-
pnshed ruler in Europe and one OF the
wisest. He is an omnivorous reader and
a linguist of more than ordinary diversity
Of tongues. His French is perfect, his
German and English unusually good aud
Russian and Greek and the kindred lam
guages spoken IN his part of the world
are all grist to his fluent tongue. Before
he was made King. Peter was in very
moderate circumstances and was forced
10 make his own bread and butter. Find
ing that his style suited the demand he
wrote for pay. and taught both OF his
sons. Princes George and Alexander, and
his daughter. Princess Helene. to write.
The young princess also painted and
embroidered with skill. and even after she
became the wife Of the Grand Duke Ivan
was never 30 happy as when engaged In
the decoration Of some pet vase or ~
embrCidering a Servian design. Her
Uncle BOzidar. own brother of the King
and who was an artist OF note, often
declared that his niece would make her
self famous if she We're allowed the free
dom of her talent
Although a recluse and lover Of books
and dogs Peter has always been passion
ately fond Of humans" as he expresses
himself and everything he has attempted
he has done well. AS youngster he
gained the coveted Cross OF Honor from
the third Louis of France for bravery on
the battlefield. As a student Of men he
won his spurs as member Of the diplo-
matte corps at Vienna. just as he had
won his spurs as a student Of books mt
the university, and later while browsing
among the volumes stored at Geneva
His patriotism he exhibited when he re-
New-York tribune., 1912-12-08
A DECADE OF PROGRESS.

The decade just passed has seen stu
pendous advancement in the little Balkan
province. The burden of the national debt
has been made easy and the crops have
doubled their former values; improve
ments in village and town have been
made; bank vaults have been reflled and
business augmented; prince and peasant
alike have felt the onward rush to an era
OF renewed life and larger outlook, and
when the summons came for q general
uprising Of patriots TO rid the land Of the
Asiatlc Turk $50. 100000 poured into the
war fund and 100000 men (25 per cent
more than were needed or for whom prep
aration had been made) demanded to be
sent to the front. The love for fatherland
expressed itself so Overwhelmingly that
the good King was forced to proclaim the
fact that mo more volunteers are need
ed the ranks are filed"
Serbs in Austria. in Russia, in Germany
and In America left their tools and their
Offices and started 10 return to help their
country and their King. Not week ago
a dozen or more miners from the noun
tains of Pennsylvania appeared at the
Serb headquarters in sd street with pass
age money in hand, ready 10 embark at
once to the spot where they could be OF
the most service. When they were told
that their King had entered old Uskub
and had heard mass the day before in the
church built by Dusan-the first mass
said in the ancient capital in five nun
dred years-they fell upon their knees
and with eyes flooded with tears of
thanksgiving calculated broken prayers
for their ruler and father-Peter
New-York tribune., 1912-12-08
IN SYM. 'ATHY WITH HIS PEOPLE

When Peter came TO the throne he was
keenly alive 10 the temper OF the people
over whom he had been called TO rule.
They had their own constitution and their
own parliament. 1t was not his place TO
rewrite the one or reorganize the other.
His business was to see that the constitu-
tion was carried out; that the men elect
ed 10 I'll high governmental positions did
their duty. Unlike his predecessors, AL
exander and Milan, who were forever
stirring up the people with contradictory
DEGREES. each endeavoring TO uproot the
good things done by the other and both
fostering civil war under the guidance Of
their neighbor-Austria-Pe welcomed
the best of his worst enemy, quelling even
the criticisms of the doings o. the decapi-
tated house Of the Obrenovtches.
"The men Of the family you are criti-
csng were good men and true ! shall
hear no evil spoken OF them"
Former kings caught and imprisoned
those who differed with them. even killing
those whom they thought were too strong
10 be at liberty, giving out that the mur-
dered men had committed suicide" Peter
welcomed the leaders Of all parties, open
ly saying:
IL care not whether you be radical or
progressive or liberal, so long as you are
Servlan."
New-York tribune., 1912-12-08
Princess Helena
DaXShtey Of HtNS Peter

ruler is spoken with love and reverence.
Peters picture is hung on the wall CT
every Servian. be he a dweller of Hun
gary or Wisconsin, citizen of odessa
or Seattle.
Peter comes tc his present prestige by
right of inheritance as well as by right
of preparation. His grandfather, Kara
George, was a remarkable man as well
as a forceful ruler. He was man OF
great height. with bushy eyebrows over
piercing black eyes and is remembered
for his kindliness as well as for his vrll-
ity aud his justice. From him Peter has
inherited his straightforwardness and
iove of equity, his tenacity Of purpose
and untirlng energy. his muscles OF steel
and the ability to decide quickly in times
of stress.
Kara Georges sor and Peters father.
King Alexander. was more OF student
than any Of his neighbor princes. With
less executive force but with a broader
outlook on life than his illustrious father,
Alexander gave his son a taste for l!tcr-
ature and general knowledge OF men and
affairs. upon which Peter has built SO
broadly.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1912-11-06
WEALTHY WIDOWS
INTEREST SOCIETY
FIFTY OF THEM WILL DOMINATE
WASHINGTON SMART SET THIS
WINTER.
MRS. FIELDS LEADS
WITH OTHER CHICAGO WOMEN SHE
PLANS SOCIAL CAMPAIGNy
DEBUT OF DAUGHTER OF
MRS. CLEVELAND.
S. FIELDS LEADS

WASHINGTON. Nov. s.--Fifty multi
millionaire widows under the leader
ship of Mrs Marshal Field are to
dominate Washington society this
winter. Mrs. Field has just completed
"a beautiful italian house on Sixteenth
street which has cost over a million
of dollars. and is full of rare art
treasures and which she has planned
with an eye to elaborate entertaining.
Other Chicago women who have al
ready become established in magni-
fcent homes in Washington are Mrs.
Potter Palmer and Mrs. Robert Patter-
son.
viii take possession of her beautiful
new mansion on Dupont Circle, about
Christmas time, when she will enter
tain at brilliant ball in honor of
Miss Esther Cleveland. the young
daughter Of Mrs. Grover Cleveland.
who Is a debutante, this year. and will
spend some time in Washington as the
guest Of Mrs. Dimock and OF Mira.
Rockford Hoar-
Mrs. Thomas K Laughlin, the hand
some and youthful sister in-law of the
president has taken house for the
season.
Mrs. Fredk. Dent Grant. widow of
General Grant. has just remodeled her
old Washington residence. which viii
be one Of tho most interesting show
places of Washington.
Mrs. stephen b. Elkius. will reopen
her Washington home socially for the
frat time since Senator Elkins death,
here entertaining constantly until
after the new year when she and her
daughter viii go to Egypt for the
winter
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1912-11-06

of the California authorities. Those
who criticized Governor Marshall for
that act at the time had good cause
to revise their Judgment later, when
the dynamiter confessed
Sunday Baseball.
Sunday baseball was another ques-
ton with which he had to wrestle as
governor A bill iegaliEng Sunday
games passed both houses and went
to him for approval. Marshall was
opposed to Sunday ball. but he took
the stand that his personal view in
the matter should not overweight the
view OF large majority OF the legis-
lators elected to make the laws. He
vetoed the first bill, however, because
1t did not repeal law already on the
books which made Sunday baseball IL
legal. Whereupon the legislature re-
drew the bill and submitted II again.
This time he signed II. notwithstand-
ing the strong protest Of the strict
church element.
Marshall likes long walks and en-
Joys reading the literature Of the an
clients In fact. reading Ia his chief
diversion. He has the happy faculty
of throwing OF business cares on leav-
Ing the office.
Since taking an active part in the
political affairs Of Indiana. he has
been nick named Little Tom al q
term OF affection. He is as much OPP
posed to physical culture. and all
needless muscular activity as was
Mark Twain
Governor Marshall Is q Presbyterian,
a trustee Of Wabash college, and q
thirty-third degree Mason.