Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1912-04-19

passed Dy congress ana became eueC-
tive on July 1, 1910. John A. Holmes
Of the United States geological survey
was appointed as the first director.
Mr.. Holmes was reputed and certified
to be the best trained man for the
place obtainable in the United States.
The chief experimental station was es-
tablished at Pittsburgh. where the in
vestigations Of the problems intrusted
to the bureau have been prosecuted 80
successfully for nearly two years.
In the year 1907, the most disastrous
Of all years In the American coal mines,
8, 125 miners lost their lives. This rep
resented 486 Of men killed for every
1000 employed. In coal mines in Eu-
rope less than two miners are killed
out of every 1000 employed. AS a re-
suit Of the work conducted by the bu-
reau of mines and the wise use of an
appropriation of $15O,OOO made by con-
gress, the death rate has been already
reduced to practically one-half what It
was in 1907.
One Of the notable achievements Of
the bureau Of mines was the demon
stration Of the fact that coal dust in
q bituminous mine Is more dangerous
and deadly than gas It had been the
belief heretofore that gas or fire damp
was the greatest menace to the min
ers, and little attention was given to
the accumulation Of coal dust. The
bureau of mines proved to the Salts
faction Of the miners as we'll as opera
tors that coal dust would explode and.
unlike fire damp. carried no warning
with it. The keeping Of dusty mines
wet, as recommended by the bureau
Of mines. was found to reduce ma
terially the chances Of explosion Of coal
dust.
The number of deaths IN the mines
has been greatly reduced al result
Of the testing Of explosives under the
direction of the bureau Of mines In
the year 1908 the coal mines in the Unit
ed States used 100000 pounds Of
short flame explosives. and at present
nearly seven times that quantity is be-
ing used with greater safety. due to
the cooperation Of the coal operators
and the bureau Of mines.
The establishment Of an experiment
tai coal mine at Brucetown. Pa.
twelve miles from Pittsburgh. is still
another notable achievement Of the
bureau of mines. It places the United
States In advance Of other nations with
respect to this research and expert
mental work in mines. Numerous tests
are made at this experimental mine.
from which many excellent results are
obtained:
Still another important work which
IL conducted under the auspices Of the
bureau Of mines. is the rescue Of en-
tombed miners. Since the creation Of
the bureau many hundreds Of lives
have been saved. AT the big mining
disaster in Ohio one of the rescue corps
Of the bureau of mines arrived at the
scene thirty-two hours after the disas-
ter. Three men were rescued who had
been given up as dead and allowed to
remain in the mine. At another time
one man was found alive among $50
dead, and today he is the sole survivor
Of that terrible catastrophe due to the
splendid work of the rescue corps.
Before the bureau Of mines was
made possible by the interest OF Fres-
ident Taft, which was followed by the
necessary legislation for its establish
ment, there was no organised EFFORT In
saving the lives Of entomhed miners.
Time and again men have sacrificed
their lives in vain attempts to rescue
their companions. This unnecessary
sacrifice Of life has been stopped BY
the cooperation Of the state authors
ties with the federal rescuers attached
to the bureau Of mines. An tnvestiga.
don Of the fuel resources Of the Unit
ID States is also being made with q
view Of checking the waste and In
creasing the efficiency with which fuel
70 used. This latter phase Of the work
10 q part Of the practical conservation
'so1a>w - <ho Tai administration