Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1912-03-15
The GENERATION AND APPLI-
CATION OF ELECTRIC POWER
BY ARTHUR JOBsoN

In this paper the writer will endeavor
incandescent electric lamps. Lighting
is one of the broadcast fields in the appli-
cation of electric power, and there is no
other form of light that so nearly full
fills the requirements of our present
methods OF illumination as the electric
light In fact the fexibility and adapat-
ability of the electric light has develop
ed in itself unique methods Of illumina-
ton which could not be maintained
without the use of the electric lamp
The term incandescent lamp usually
brings TO our mind pear shaped, trans
parent glass bulb, enclosing very small
wire, like substance (called the filament)
which becomes incandescent when
current of electricity is passed through
the small wire. Most of us are also
aware that, before these glass bulbs are
Sealed up, the air is exhausted from
them thus forming almost perfect
vacuum within the bulb The reason
for exhausting the air and making the
bulb air tight is to prevent the burning
or oxidization of the flament. The
consumption of the filament is almost
instantaneous when air is permitted to
circulate freely around it, and hence it
is important Ito secure long life in an
incandescent lamp to make the bulb as
nearly air tight as possible Ever after
every precaution has been taken to
make the globes alright very small
quantity of ar enters. This gradually
oxIdizes the filaments and, in the case
of carbon lamps, results in a deposit of
carbon or SCOT on the interior Of the
globes.
Three types of incandescent lamps
will be discussed in this paper; namely
those with carbon, tungsten and tanta-
um filaments. The carbon lamp is the
oldest type of incandescent lamp. 1t
has been successfully used since 1880,
and was invented by Edison after he
had experimental with various other
forms of incandescent lamps. This lamp
ia in common use today, although it il
, being rapidly superseded by tungsten
, tilament lamps. This is because the
tungsten lamps have a higher efficiency
better quality of light, longeri life,
less reduction in candle power with age
) and less variations in G. P. for voltage'
: above or below their normal voltage
In one particular case tests show tina
, during a period Of 800 hours the candl'
power of a carbon lamp decreased 28S
whereas tungsten lamp only decreas
: ed 5S in candle power during a perio'
J. of 1,2OO hours, both lamps operating
under similar conditions. At the pres
ent time the carbon lamps have the ad
vantage of less first cost. They are ais
) less liable to be broken in careless hand
lug and are not so sensitive to quic
, changes in voltage.
= The average life of carbon incandei
r cent lamp is about 400 hours at it's rate
n voltage, while the average life of tants
is lum and tungsten lamps is about 81
~ hours Carbon lamps consume from 8
!. to 3.5 watts per candle power, and henC
- a b. G. 7. lamp will consume from II
le to liz watts per candle power t32 multi
s. piled by 3 i or 80 at its rated voitag
The tungsten lamp has an efficiency
~ l.25 watts per candle power, and a tal
I talum lamp abont watts per cand
'- power. Hence 80 c. p. tungsten Ian
er will consume 40 watts at its rated vol
OF age, and a 80 G. p. tantalum lamp
II. watts. Assuming the average consum
III tion of a 80 G. p. carbon lamp to be |
watts il will be seen that carbon Ian
consumes little more than 2.5 times
= mnch power as 50 c. P. tungsten lam
o. aud about IS times as much power
ca a 81 G. p. tantaluin lamp.
] The cost Of 80 G. P. tungsten Lar