davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29
One Better.

I'VE got a hreless cooker in my
THAT'S nothing. I've got a smoke
4, husband in mine
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29
Sensible Shift.

why does she dress so mannishly?'
well, she was no beauty as a girl.
but she makes fairly good-looking
boy"
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29
Az the Prison.

what are you in for, my poor fcl-
hEr
I'm afraid it's for keeps"
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29
BrIdoe Scandal.

she-R you should hold hand like
that
To you what make would best ap-
pear?
He-Why, il held hand like yours,
/ think I'd make 1t diamonds. dear.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29

A great majority of summer ills are
due to Malaria in suppressed form. Las
toms. 0XIDINE eradicates the Malaria
germ and tones UP the entire system. Adv.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29

Red Cross Ball Blue gives double value
for your money. goes twice as far as any
other. Ask your grocer. Adv.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29
Objections.

You give up too easily. Why don't
you get grip?"
It's the other way. The grips got
me-"
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29

carrye-He had the audacity to
kiss me.
Her Mother-Of course you were
indignant?
Carrye-ohl yes. mamma. every
time.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29

Mrs. winslow's Soothing Syrup for children
teething, softens the gums, reduces innamma-
ton, allays pain, cures wind collie, CSC bottle M
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29

ITCH Relieved In 80 Minutss.
Woolford's Sanitary Lotion for all kinda Of
contagious Itch Al Druggists. Adv.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29

The only way to cure man of bach
elorhood Is to feed him to designing
widow.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29

Occasionally a couple marries In
haste and live happily ever after
they secure a divorce.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29

Occasionally q patient swears 5y his
doctor. but more often at him.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29
Sound One.

whats your objection to my labor
theory"
1T won't work"
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29
One From Bostor

PA, was Job doctor?"
Not that know Of"
"Then why do people have so much
to say about the patients of JobT"-
Boston Transcript.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29
Natural Results.

why are you so miserable?"
Been 3oy-riding."
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29

To DRIVE OFT MALARIA
AZ AND BUILD S nR TIE EH sursI l.,ss
GILL TONIC. You know what you are taxing
me formula Is plainly printed on every bottle.
FORM nd the most er~~iual form. FOR grown
people and children, 50 cents. Adv.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29

Storm centers as rule defy central
limitations.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29
The Language.

$50 the firms gone under"
Yes. l am sorry to see them going
up"
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29
Not a Benefactor.

He is In no wise a public benefac-
tor who keeps two cows to 90 the
work of one.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29
Remember the Garden.

Before finishing up the fall pillow
ing remember the garden
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29

Probably a woman tells secrets so
that she won't forget them.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29

Some men go lame when 1t comes to
minding their own business.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29

II we could see ourselves as others
see us we wouldn't believe 1t.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29

-. are lot of cheap skates out
n The skating Kinks.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29

Nav the farmer is being informed
4, sne safety of the country depends
! hIs vote.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29

.r.v,nt Malaria Is far better than
In malarial countries take a
= ~ nYIDINE regularly one each week
~ W. rourself from Chills and Fever
- ~ 49, maIarial troubles Adv.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1912-11-29

LIS that heiress a good con-
,.r.stiOnalist? -ou .,,,.,.. ..,,,.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1912-08-22
NEW JUDGING PAVILION
At the Kentucky State Fair, Louisville,
September 9 to IA, Inclusive.

A great improvement over former
years, in the method Of handling ex
Aibits at the Kentucky State Fair. Is
the erection of a new pavilion for the
Judging of live stock. In this BUILDING
all swine. sheep and goats viii be
Judged II win also be ucod for he
Students and Farm poy's Judging
Contest
One side Of the building win be ft
ted for swine and sheep iudgne
arena, and the other for the Student
Judging In this way the public win
haye an opportunity Of seeing End
comparing exhibits in these denart
ments with the same degree Of pleas
ure and satisfaction as those who wit
ness the contest for honors in the
horse, mule, jack and cattle rings IN
the magnificent Coliseum or .mair
building
The new building will be well light
ed, fully protected from sun or n
element weather and will have seat
ing capacity for all interested spec
tators. In short, II win be a mlnla
ture State Fair within itself.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1912-08-22
Improved Educational
Conditions From an
Investment Standpoint
Dy SoHN f1'FERRAN' Chairman Educational Committee
t,slt Lo'iisvile Commercial Club


q I's5 !" "e educational situation the state am more
pressed the absolute necessity fora radical
change in our viewpoint concerning the subject We have
been viewing the schools rather necessary evil an ex
Pense to be kept at the minimum of The logical result has been
largely aainedheap houses cheap grounds cheap equipment and
IN too many cases cheap teachers cheap trustees cheap county boards
and cheap county superintendent
In fact long has this policy prevailed that we have darfed
everything pertaining schools educators and most of
all ourselves the citizens The whole outfit is cheap and in
adequate thing for the twentieth century SLIPSHOD AND
CHAOIlC SYSTEM IF SYSTEM IT CAN BE CALLED pos
olBLf ANSWERED FAIRLY WELL THE NEEDS OF FORTY
o FIFTY YEARS AGO but everything moved tremen-
dous within that time and with the greatest ceer and mo
With our schools here Kentucky we have practically stood still
trusting to luck mysterious power TO ~
indifference and neglect Not with other more "a
progressive states fully recognizing and Importance Of their
cndren With enlightened and intelligence their tendency hos
en 70 crowd all the money into their schools could he %
cousy sed looking upon it WISE busnesse propostion
% Pontape investment and has proved states younger and
40 more taorab situated with really inferior natural m
passing us in material wealth and three fold
BEFORE WE CAN MAKE NEEDED AND DESIRED eeoo
REss WE MUST GET THE THAT 1T IS NOT oMIv o,
CHILDREN AND THEIR SCHOOLS THE INVESTMENT SIDE
AND PROVIDE GENEROUSLY FINANCIAL AID THAT "a,
PERATlvELY NEEDED "
furthermore must awaken of apathy and see that
tins money used to the best advantage tered away v
Incompetence graft We have been furnishing and half TO
three million dollars for for number of wears
what number Of citizens have time the slightest interest
Know how this money being epended There have
been great waste WE HAVE ALLOWED THE INTEREST OF
OUR CHILDREN TO DRIFT INTO POLITICS AND INTO
CONFUSION. 1T is HIGH TIME TO CORRECT THIS
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1912-08-22
Dumb ChiIIs and Fever.

DouslasvilIe, Tex.--''Five years
ago was caught in the rain at the
wrong time" writes Miss Edna
Rutherford. of Douolasville, 'and
from that time was taken with dumb
chills and fevers. and suffered more
than | can tell. | tried everything
that thought would help. and had
four different doctors. but got no
relief, so | began to take Cardui.
Now feel better than in many
months " Cardui does one thing,
and does it well. Toat's the secret of
its 80 years Of success. AS tonic
there is nothing in the drug store
Ike IL. As remedy for women's
ills, it has no equal. Try it. Price
$l.0O.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1912-08-22
Town Lots.

New cottage on Hopper Court. This
house has just been completed and is
ready for occupancy. Owner is
anxious to sell at once.
House and lot East 18th St., Hop
kinsville; house 6 rooms and two
yerandas. concrete walk and steps,
lot 50xl35.
Bungalow on Hopper Court. brand
new. 6 rooms, bath, electric lights.
Cottage on Mcpherson Ave, 8 rooms,
lot 57xl75. front and back porches.
new house. Possession Dec. l. Price
$3.50.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1912-08-22
NO. 8.

The Julian farm OF 966 acres, 10
Gated on pikeland:R. R. station OF
farm. Splendidly improved. lots OF
nice fruits, rs acres in fine blue
grass. good::stock water, This is a
fine stock farm and we'll located for
shipping. This is grade l land and
a good bargain at our price.
NO. 8.
265 acres near Julian. This is 8
good farm. Has S5 acres sown to
grass. We can make an attractive
price on this farm.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1912-08-22
Christian County Farm Lands.

NO. L.
261 acres farm II smiles east of
Thompsonville. splendidly improved,
good house, 10 rooms. plenty fruit,
we'll watered, 60 acres fine timber,
IN good highway. Price $95 PEI
acre. Great bargain.
NO. 2.
5013 acres. GAINESVILLE pike, IL mile.
from town; one of finest farms il
Christian county, splendid improve
ments, water land timber. O$85 pei
acre.
NO. 3.
$50 acres in three adjoining farm
consolidated. Will sell separately Oh
as whole for from $50 to $50 pei
acre. On Clarksville pike, with e
giant country home and all modern
improvements, including two coz
tage residences if divided.
NO. A.
500 acres 2 miles from town on Can.
ton pike. well improved and we'll
watered, will price SIS as whole, or
will divide into three tracts.
NO. 5.
940 acres on Fairview and Pembroke
pike. 81 miles north Eof Pembrok,
md % miles east of ::Fairview. g
lcres in timber. $50 an acre.
NO. 6.
a acres. J mile from Clarksv, |
like, ten miles from town, excejleu
improvements of all kinds, grra
nance for an ideal home.
NO. z.
273 acres on Butler pike; nice NV
room residence with hall, 8 veran |
r'; l good tobacco barn, good |
icck barn. There:are also ano h.,
ct of improvements on the farm
uitabIe for overseer; J mile
hurch and school. nice neighoor.
ood, plenty of good bearing frui
n the farm.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1912-08-22
C o. WRIGHT j. C. JOHNSON
Wright&JOhnsOn
REAL ESTATE AND LOANS.
Special Attention Given Farm
Properties.
Office Corner Ninth & Main Streets,
HOPKINSVILLE, KY.

The properties here offered are
but few of the many bargains we
have. The best investment on earth
IS some of the earth itself.
We cheerfully show you our prop
ertleS and endeavor to please you in
just what you may want.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1912-06-14

Ex-Governor Gooding and John
Thomas were Gooding visitors in
ShOshone Tuesday.
Mrs. J. L. Beckett returned
Thursday from several days visit
at Gooding with relatives and
friends.
Mr.. burlington Of the s ar thea
ire secured the beautiful drama
Lead Kindly Light" taken from
D. Newman's famous poem. also
the drama Loves Labor Lost. and
the laughable comedy, Brave and
Bold" The above bill Will be pre-
sened on Friday and Saturday
evenings. June Il and IS, com
mencing and SIS and 9:i5.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1912-06-14
A PLAIN STATEMENT
AND A PROMISE

An honest man doesn't
need laws to make him honest
or to keep him so.
An honest corporation
doesnot require laws to make
or keep it so.
Just what constitutes an
honest man or an honest cor
poration is more or less a
matter of varying opinion.
but it is generally conceded
that man who treats his
neighbor fairly. taking no IN
due advantage, asking no ex-
cess of profit nor misrePre-
senting the goods he has to
SELL selling the best goods
he can produce with fair
margain of profit to himself
is honest.
Now a corporation IS no
more and no less than a man
doing business on a large
scale; and if a corporation
can answer that definition.
then we ought to concede
that it is an honest corpora
ton. Such a corporation
doesn'tneed laws or coercion
to make it honest or to keep
it so. And with all due
regard to skeptics, that's the
kind of a corporation The
Mountain States Telephone
and Telegraph Company
tries to be-claims to be.
1t IS now giving the best
service it can produce at
fair margin of profit. asking
no excess of interest on the
money actually invested. Git
has no bonds and no watered
siock.)
Now. without coercion
and without demand of law
it makes this promise-that
its rates shall always be as
low as possible consistent
with good service. If the
rates shall at any time pro-
duce an excess of profit they
will be reduced to such
figure as to return only a fair
rate of interest on the money
actually invested. Keep this
in mind; it is true, and a
promise from an honest cor
poration.
Did you know that the
Mountain States Telephone
and Telegraph Company has
actually invested in property
Sl.l5 for every sl.00 capital
on which it pays interest?
Your rates pay interest on
the $l.00, not the Sl.l5.
THE MOUNTAIN STATES TELEPHONE And
TELEGRAPH COMPANY.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1912-06-14

Regular services next Sabbath as
follows: Morning service. 1900,
subject Triumph Of an Apparent
Failure Sunday School, 1900.
Evening service, 500, subject "A
Soldiers Testimony"
Prayer meeting Thursday evening.
Everyone is invited to these
services.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1912-06-14
Baptist Church.

Sunday School will be held at the
usual hour, and services fmme-
diately afterwards. at II o'clock.
In the evening the Children's
Day exercises viii consume the
hour.
Everyone is invited 10 these
meetings, especially TO the evening
children's service.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1912-06-14
EERRER--BLONDN

William s. Ferrier and Mrs. Luz
Ia Blondin, both we'll known in
Shoshone, where the groom is an
automobile expert and the bride
a former professional nurse, were
united in marriage in Boise on
Nv. June Z.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1912-06-14
Christ Church. Episcopal

HlIy Communion il a. m. first
ard s a. N. third Sundays in each
month.
Morning Prayer II a. m. other
Sundays: Evening Prayer s .. m.
eVery Sunday. Sunday School at
7 con every Sunday.
WILLARD H. ROOTS, Minister
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1912-06-14

Capital. ....$3O,OOO.OO
Surplus. $50, 100000
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-11-15

of the commerce of Europe with the
Pacific seaboard of Asia can be d.
verted to Panama from its present
route via Suez. Distances are less
via Suez; and, with the exception of
voyages from north Europe to Japan
and return, the fuel expenses are low
er by way of Suez.
"a Panama toll OF s1.20 per net ton
will not unduly burden the commerce
served by the canal. The costs of
boards of the United States will be
reduced several times the amount of
the toll; and for the commerce of the
eastern seaboard of the United States
with western South America and with
Australia, the economies effected by
the Panama canal will largely ex
coed the toll suggested.
Nor will toll of S1.20 per net ton
seriously restrict the use of the canal
by European countries. For the com
merce of Europe with Chile and with
New Zealand, the saving resulting
from the shortening of the time o.
voyage via Panama as compared with
the Straits OF Magellan, would no
warrant the payment Of tolls OF s1.2t
per net vessel ton for using th'
Panama canal; but the fuel expenses
via Panama will be SO much less thar
via Magellon as TO make the cana
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-11-15

canal bonds, and still find a pearly
balance.
The Johnson report shows that a
foreign traffic of about 100000 tons
may be expected through the canal
during it's first two years of opera,
ton; a traffic of more than 100000
tons in 1920 and 100000 tons in
1925.
The report goes into all phases of
the canal tolls question. Professor
Johnson's defense of the s1.20 rate
for merchant vessels is based on sew
eral grounds. 1t reads in part as fol
lows:
"A toll Of s120 per net ton on
loaded merchant vessels and a reduc
ton of 40 per cent from the standard
rate in the case OF vessels in ballast
will place the Panama canal and its
rival, the Suez canal, upon an equal
competitive footing.
The Panama canal must compete
with the SueZ route for the commerce
of the eastern seaboard of the United
States and OF the Atlantic-North sea
ports of Europe with the orient east
Of Singapore. For voyages between
the eastern ports of the Unrted States
and the orient, fuel expenses viz
Panama will be less than by way Of
Suez; and, with eq Ial tolls at eacl
canal, the Panama route will readil!
secure the traffic.
1T is not TO be expected that much
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-11-15
See Our Window
Display of O'Coats

sengers or cargo 40 per cent less than
the rate OF tolls for vessels with pas
sengers or cargo.
Upon naval vessels other than trans
ports Golfers, hospital ships and sup
ply ships, so cents per displacement
ton.
Upon army and navy transports, col
liers, hospital ships and supply ships
S120 per net ton. the vessels TO be
measured by the same rules as are
employed in determining the net ton
mage OF merchant vessels.
The secretary OF war will prepare
and prescribe such rules for the
measurement OF vessels and such reg
ulations as may be necessary and
proper to carry this proclamation into
full force and effect
American coastwise shipping was
exempted from toll payment by con
gress. II was 10 this provision OF
the act that Great Britain diplomat
ically protested, but no reference to
the incident was made IN the presi.
dents proclamation
American naval vessels are exempt
ed without specific mention either in
the act of congress or the proclama.
ton because the authorities believed
II unnecessary TO explain the useless
ness Of payment from its navy depart
ment pocket to the one belonging to
the treasury department.
The rates named in the proclama
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-11-15

ton are practically the same as those
which will be in force at the Suez
canal next year.
The president based his declaration
OF rates upon the report and investi-
cation Of Professor Emery r. Johnson
OF the University Of Pennsylvania, an
expert designated by executive order
for the task.
According to Professor Johnson's re-
port to the president, also made pub
lie, the Panama canal should be upon
a self-sustaining basis in 20 years.
II should compete successfully with
the Suez route for the traffic Of Europe
with South American west coast points
and with New Zealand, but cannot be
expected to compete successfully for
Europe's trade TO the far east.
Taking the estimates\ OF the canal
commission for expenses Of operation
and maintenance OF the canal and for
the improvements held to be neces
sary at the end Of a decade, Professor
Johnson figures the rate per net ton
can be reduced at the end OF 10 years
to 81.
Even with this rate, which, he says
probably viii correspond closely with
the rate that may then be enforced
through the Suez canal, the United
States will obtain enough revenue
from foreign vessels to pay all fixed
charges. provide a sinking fund Of
.one per cent TO retire the Panama
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-11-15

route preferable even with tolls Of
S120 per net ton.
THE normal growth of traffic Of the
Panama canal will not be interfered
with by a toll Of 1920 per net, ton.
The tonnage of shipping using the
Suez canal has increased rapidly, the
growth of traffic having been about
70 per cent during the last 10 years,
although the tolls at the opening Of
the decade were s1.74 per net ton and
in 1911 s1.3O-a higher rate than is
recommended for Panama"
In the presidents proclamation the
rate upon war vessels was fixed at 50
cents displacement ton, and Profes-
sor Johnnon had this comment to
make:
"The tolls upon merchant vessels
should be fixed low enough To en-,
able the Panama canal effectively 10
promote the commerce OF the United
States and the world; but the United
States government is not called upon
to make the Panama canal tolls upon
warships low for the purpose of light
ening the naval burdens OF foreign
countries. In sending their warships
| through the Panama canal foreign ma
tons should pay tolls high enough Il
cover costs and risks incurred By the
canal authorities in performing tn,
| service rendered"
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-11-15
CANAL TOLLS ARE
SETTLED BY TAFT

Washington, Nov. 15.-President
Taft issued a proclamation fixing the
rates that the foreign shipping Of the
world shall pay for passage through
the Panama canal.
The proclamation. made under au,
thority OF the canal act, passed by con
gress In August, establishes a mer.
chant vessel rate OF $3.50 per net
ton OF actual carrying capacity, with
a reduction Of 40 per cent on ships
in ballast.
The provisions OF the proclamation
are as follows:
On merchant vessels carrying pas.
sengers or cargo, $40 per net yes
sci ton-each 100 cubic feet-of actual
earning capacity.
On vessels in ballast without pas
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-11-15

called TO Investigate alleged legislative
graft" in Wayne county has begun
It's deliberations. Judge Mandell pre-
scented these subjects for investigation
Scandals in municipal politics. Cf-
lenses against election laws, unlawful
combinations in restraint Of trade; pol
itics in the handling of ice, mil6 and
foodstuffs, and trespa 3sing upon pub
lie property.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-11-15

Detroit-The grand jury recently
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-11-15

make
o
you'll such maxi
you a
m a
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-11-15

bigg o
the mo finest in
special 0
me toppes the bx
coat new
Atlanta Georgian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1912-1939, 1912-08-19
ADA|R DEFEATS
KNOWLES; THEN
DEFAULTS MATCH

Clarence Knowles has put leg on the
Perry Adair trophy as result of the
final round in the Adair trophy event.
But the real hero of the final round was
George W. Adair. He and knowles met
in the 36-hOle finals and by dint of play
Ing phenomenal golf through the broiling
sun he defeated Knowles up and to
play. Then of course not desiring to win
cup which he himself presented the
club in the name of his son, he defaulted
to Knowles and the loser in the final
round will have his name on the cup.
The winner last year was Charles II.
Strong. The cup must be won three
times to become the personal property
Of any player
The Knowles Adair match was fol-
lowed all day through the terrific heat
by big gallery Knowles had an early
advantage, but by winning fifteen, six
teen, seventeen and eighteen in a row
Adair was one up at lunch time He
continued to pile up his advantage through
the afternoon and the match ended on
the fifteenth green.
The results in the other flights follow:
Percy H. Whiting defeated W. J. Tilson,
/ up.
H. J. Hopkins defeated l.. D. Scott up.
w F. Upshaw defeated J. NJ Beasley
up. to play,
H. L. Graves defeated c. b. Howard by
default