The enterprise. [volume] (Harlem, Mont.) 1899-1926, 1912-02-29
First Time in History, According
to Report of Cabinet
Officer.
RAISE IN RATES is FAVORED
President concurs In Recomn:aH da-
ton Of Commission on Second.
Glass Mail Matter-Again Suq-
Qests Adoption Of Parce!
Post System.

Washington, Feb. 22.--For the first
time in the history Of the postal sery-
ice that department of the government
showed a profit for the fiscal year
ending June so, 1911, according to the
annual report of Postmaster General
Hitchcock transmitted to congress to-
day. Accompanying the document
was the report of the commission on
second-class mail matter appointed by
joint resolution of congress on March
OF last year and brief message OF
the president, in which he called at
tention to the principal features of the
two reports.
Would Increase Second.class Rates.
The report Of the commission on
second-class mail matter makes the
following recommendations:
l. The rate of 2 cents a, pound on
copies mailed by publishers to sub
scribers, to news agents, and as sam
pie copies, and by news agents to their
subscribers or to other news agents.
2. The rate of l cent for each
ounces for copies mailed by other
than publishers and news agents; that
Is, the present transient rate.
3. The present free-in- county priv
ilege retained, but not extended.
| The commission also recommended
that the cent-a-copy rate for newspa-
pers other than weeklies and for Pc
radicals not exceeding ounces in
weight, and the 2-cent-a-copy rate for
periodicals exceeding 2 ounces in
weight, when mailed at a city letter
carrier office for local delivery, be
abolished.
AS to the effect and adequacy Of the
proposed increase of / cent pound
in postage the commission says:
Such an increase will not, in the
opinion of the commission, bring dis
tress upon the publishers of newspa-
pers and periodicals, Or seriously ill.,
terfere with the dissemination Of USE
full news or information. A reasonable
time should be allowed, after the rate
is fixed, before it is put into effect.
While the new rate will be very far
from compromising the government
for the carriage and handling of Sec
Ouu-CldSS ludlLC1, IL W4ll w oOIlO Va
tent relieve the existing burden and
result in a more equitable adjustment
Of rates."
Both the president and the postmas-
ter general concur in the recommends
tions and regarding the proposed in
crease In newspaper postage the presi-
dent says: THE proposed increase of
cent a pound in the second-class
postage rate, believe, to be most
reasonable, and if sufficient time is al
lowed before the change goes into ef-
feet it should work little serious in
jury to the business of the periodical
publishers, while eQualizing, at least
In measure, the burdens of postal
taxation"
Rates Should Be More Equal.
Commenting further on the pro-
posed increase, the president says;
1.-THE postal service is now, for the
first time in years, operated upon n
self-sustaining basis, and in my judg-
ment this is wise policy; but it
| should not be carried out at the ex.
pense of certain classes of mail mat
| ter that pay revenue largely in ex-
| cess of their cost. It is not just that
some classes of mail should be ex-
brilliantly taxed to meet deficiency
caused by other classes, the revenue
from which is much below their cost
of handling and carriage. Where such
inequalities exist they should be re-
moved as early as practicable. The
business enterprises of the publishers
of periodicals, however, have been
built up on the basis of the present
second-class rate, and therefore it
would be manifestly unfair to put into
immediate effect large increase in
postage. That newspapers and maya
zines have been potent agencies for
the dissemination of public intelli-
gence and have consequently borne a
worthy part in the development of the
country all must admit; but it Is like
wise true that the original purpose Of
congress in providing for them sub
vention by way of nominal postal
charges in consideration of their
value as mediums of public informa-
ton ought not to prevent an increase,
because they are now not only educa-
tional but highly profitable. There is
no warrant for the great disparity be-
tween existing postage rates on Pc
riodicals and the cost of the service
the government performs for them.
The aggregate postal revenues for the
iscal year 1911 We're S237 ,S79, S?3.GO,
derived mainly from the postage col
lected on The four classes of mail
matter 1t is carefully estimated by
the postoffice department. that the
revenue derived from mail matter OF
the first class is approximately one
and onehalf times the cost of han
ding and carriage; that the returns
from third and fourth class matter are
slightly in excess of their cost OF
handling and carriage; and that while
second-class matter embraces over g.
per cent. of the entire weight Of al
the mail carried, it, nevertheless
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