davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1912-11-04

Turkey following the Berlin treaty.
Austria evacuated the CoLhtry In l!HN.
OLD SERVIA-h district lying between
Albania and Servia. 1t contains the
field of kOsSOvo, where the ancient
Scrvian empire went down In defeat
In 1889.
ORIENT EXPREsS-The trans Euro
pean express which links western Eu-
rope to ConstantinOplc. II runs by
way OF Vienna. Budapest. Belgrade.
and Sofia.
REDIF-The reserves OF the Turkish
army. Military service begins at the
age OF twenty and lasts for twenty
years. The first line or active army
Is called the niZam, and scrviC" IL for
nine years, but In practice "A man Is
often kept longer period with the
colors. The soldier next passes to the
redtf. or second line. and remains in
II for another nine years. Finally he
completes his service with two years
in the mustafZ. The rcdif infantry
exists in tim" Of peace. and these SOL
diers are used In common with tn"
nizam for the suppression Of disturb
anCcS.
RHODOPE MOTNTAINS-A range that
forms part Of tn" frontI"r between
Bulgaria and Turkey.
SALONIKA-Thc most important town
o; western turkey tl '.'''
the Youn" Turk movement and tn"
Is considered as the objective point
Of Austria Hungarys advance to tho
east. which she would reach by means
% " railroad across Novipazar to Nit
rovitZa.
H--CapItal of Albania, which
fell before ,hc II, 49,, I'-... ...II,,.
SIX PSHTlNA-Scrviau parliament.
ANJE-PaIIiamrut Of bulgaria.
lSElp-Capital OF tn" Vtlayct uf Kos
sovO at the junction Of the rdilI Dad
Il ON Nlsh to Salonika. Point Of strat"-
gical Importance ON account OF Its
position. which se,ers two noun
tain ranges.
NILAYET-A division OF the Turkish
empire. The head Of each vilayet Is
vail. or goveTnOr-Cen"ral. Sanjak
is division smaller than vIlayct.
Young TURK PARTY-The rcvolu-
tionary party which brought about
the overthrow of Sultan Abdul Hamd
In lsa. 1t has been acting through n
secret committee of union and prog
ress. II has Tot greatly improved
the material progress of the empire.
Its principal reforms have been cr-
fcCted in the army.
The Washington times., 1912-11-04
Greek Legation Hears
Hellenic Flag Floats
Over PreveSa Fortress

According to a Cablcgram received by
J.. /" cn'tan%oElu, charge d'affaires OF
the Greek lcgation here, the Greek iag
las b."n raised at Prevesa, and the
Turkish .'u.d'crs at this place made
rllson"rs-ur-war. Another cabegram
states that two Turkish torpedo boats
Mer" destroyed in the gulr OF SalonIca.
one CnblCgram states that the Greek
army won a battle against the Turks
IN MaCcdUnia The message reads;
'Th crown Prince, instead of going
direct /" SalOnCa, made Il drtor and
met a., "drk!Sh army cntrenvhed at
Namltisr Nardar. After a battle last
ing two days, the Turkish army hdS
been o' liGud to leave W" entertainments
and is in r treat The Greeks CaDtur"l
lot .: pg.gcH"rS. took fourteen field
guns, IA 10, of AMMUNITION and they ave
now IN pursuit of the fleeing amy on
the road to SaIUnica. The GrCcl; ARM
took tn" railway bridG" over the river
l.oulids, preventing ia" Turks from de-
StrOyinE it,"
The charge d'aoa!rcs to'!ay received n
Eumbrr Of kilograms and letters fIOTI
Americans who have volunteered their
services to tn" army Of King George.
A number OF SL"h Offers were made yes
terdaE. SUch offers have been an
swcr'd, conveying the thanks Of the h-
CIt.uu and i\inG Gtorgr. saving that t
their 80 rNiCcs are needed they will lie
called upon, but &C far no help has been
Iecdcd.
II was stated at the legation that all
Greeks In ANA ri"a subject to the call of
N'n@ George for military service must
return hv January 80, or forfeit thci-
citizenship In their homo country.
SO far Greeks III America subject to
the Kings call to arms GIe answering
nS quickly AZ possible and seem eager
I" get III" chance to fight against the
Turks, Wth at least scvcnty-fvo local
Greeks back In their home country
tchitrv aCainst tn" TURKS more than
l'N oil "rs her" are planning their re.
urn 90 tax" up arms,
AS fast as t. is possible tn find pur-
chasers fer their plnccs of business,
local Greeks. who come within the age
limit for dutv in tn" army of King
George, are closing ont. Some are re.
turning alone, while It Is probable a
bunch or twenty or more will leave the
last OF this week ami others next week
Greeks In the ci'v nov are a happy
l"t over lhr victories of the Rurgarians
the S"rVians. the MOnt"ncErians, arc
theii own COuntrNmcn over the Turks.
Nll dar long lurG" numbers Of Greeks
gathered ut tn" Greek hotel in John
Marshall place, whore they happily re-
rciNc the achievements OF the allies
against tho Turks.
The Washington times., 1912-11-04
AIMS TO PREVENT
VOTING BY 1000
WHO SOLD BALLOT
Judge Hears Disfranchised
Ohioans Are Being
Bought.

WEST UNION. Ohio, Nov. 4.-Judge A.
u. Blair. who was featured on the lecture
platform couple OF years ago, after
he had disfranchised 700 voters OF
Adams county for vote merchandising.
is takinr precautions that none OF them
ballot tomorrow.
In n statement to the county commit
tee he said that "a little birl tells him
liuuor is being furnished voters" in
XChange for their support Also. he
VS.. some OF the candidates are COM
nG p"rilously near overstepping the re-
uirtiOns OF the corrupt practices act,
,Eich the Legislature passed as result
Of the Adams county expose. Also that
some of the disfranchised have moved
into other precincts. voted at the May
primaries. and expect TO vote tomor-
row
"lf Anything Iik" that happ" warns
judge RlHir, "i'lI have the grand jury
on you"
The Washington times., 1912-11-04
Clear Eastern Turkey.

BERLIN. Nov. I-Eithcr by extcr,ni-
nation or capture the Bulgarians today J
had practically cleared eastern Turkey
of Ottoman troops down 20 the last line
1t defenses thirty miles west of Con-
st9ntiuople, according to reliable lnfOr-
nation from the field of Balkan war.
How large "A proportioo of his army Of
approximately 9Oo.OO0 men Nazln Pasha
succeeded III getting back to and he
mind the Chatalia furtitications was not
positively known here, but military au-
thoritivs said they would be surprised
II hc saved more than half Of his fierce.
While the Turks main strength at
] ulc Burgas was still lighting, the Hul-
gariuns were Crumpling up the Turkish
east wing in the vicinit" of Visa and
: living to get between Lule Burgds
and COnstanupole. so as to cut on the
luaiu arIny's retreat. Until fuller ne
IailS have been received IL cannot be
told how well this attempt succeeded
Turkish reports that the Greeks were
meeting with vigorous opposition in
the r march on Salonika appeared today
To have been, like 50 many Constanti-
nople rumurs, wholly baseless.
Salonika to Surrender.
News that the Salonika authorities
had decided to surrender as soon as the
Greeks arrived came from Salonika it.
self and was accepted as authentic. A
Greek force under Crown Prince Con-
stantne at latest accounts was at
Jenidgc. only twenty-five miles west
OF Salonika, and another force under
General Smolensky was at Poligyra,
twenty-five miles southeast OF 1t.
Several other Turkish towns were re-
ported To have fallen into Greek hands
over Saturday and Sunday, including
Prevesa on the Gulf of Arta, where the
Greek fleet made its first demonstration
directly after the war began.
1t was said the crew OF the Turkish
torpedo boat destroyed by the Greek
ships lire OF Prevesa, escaped.
OF the operations of the SerVian
troops, little has been heard in the past
few days bcyOnd the assertion, tcle-
graphCd from Belgrade that they were
rapidly occupying fresh territory and
expected shortly to join the Greeks in
an attack on MOnustir.
An umCUrtirmed report here. the origin
Of which could not be traced, credited
EsSad i'asnn with the declaration that
he intended to hold SCutarl against the
MUnICn"Grns even II the Sultan lost
every other square foot of his European
dOminiOns.
The Washington times., 1912-11-04
May Reject Mediation.

PARIS. Nov 4.-Fears that the Bal
kan allies would reject mediation by
the powers between the allies and Tur-
KEY were verified today. From Sofia,
Belgrade, Ccttinje. and Athens came
messages. not In official form, but on
official authority. to the effect that
the allied states will discuss peace only
with the Sultan.
For this reason. II was pointed out.
the portes appeal to the powers en-
bassies in COnstantincpic and to the
foreign offices at the various capitals
will not delay the war for moment.
II Turkey addresses itself directly to
the allies they will listen. not otherwise
The Washington times., 1912-11-04
Shipbuilders Now
On Eight-Hour Basis

QUINCY, Mass. Nov. l.--Four thou
siud cmpoyes OF the Fore River Ship
building Company arc benefited by the
rlght-hour schedule which was put into
effect today. The new schedule carries
min" hours pay for c!',ht hours work
The order was brought about by The
recent act OF Congress compelling Gov
crGm-ut work to be done In Cight-hour
gh'nyards. The Fore River company
'as under construction the battlcship
Nevada and two submarines.
The Washington times., 1912-11-04
Suspends Services
To Hear Returns

ORANGE, n. j.. Nov. 4-Tucsday
night prayer meeting VIII be suspended
at the First Presbyterian Church to al
low the congregation to gather in the
reading and lecture rooms to hear the
election returns.
The Washington times., 1912-11-04
CLASH IN EUROPE
IS THREATENED BY.
DEFEAT Of TURKS
German and British Officials
Aroused Over Sultan'S
Action.
CONTINUED from First Pagc.)

tCOntlnuCd from First PaRc.)
length of the thirty-milc front was
hourly expected. Constantinople's cap
turc was looked for before the Turks
have time to re-enforce their forces.
The Turkish capitals outer suburbs
are directly behind the Chatalja fortih-
cations.
chain OF forts less than thirty miles.
The Daily Missoulian., 1912-10-06

wheat to ports OIL this body of wa
ter4, must pass through these canals
Fifteen million bushels of grain have
passed through the locks In one month.
These are figures to astound the unin-
itiated This grain is shipped in bulk
in contrast TO the treatment on the
Pacific coast, where the grain is car
ried in huftap sacks Of about 100
pounds each. Grain reaches the Pa
cific ports NY rail and it is In this
section that 1.-THE 'caterptllar' maclin-
cry ia used
1t Is an epic, a story of many lives
and ambitions, this history of the
wheat, and little Is known Of it save
to those directly Interested. For in
stance, ut all tae wheat ports there
are great elevators which loom up
built often now of concrete or steel
tanks--and by their sides stand the
huge freighters In the open season, or
whalebaclss, or boats carrying both
grain and passengers. Into the cav
ernous holds of these vessels the grain
rapidly deseends. Sometimes these ell
evators are owned by the farmers or
local grain dealers, but there are also
line elevators controlled by eompa-
IlleS WHO tlaN6 IutialSaa SlludlGu dI
the railroad stations i'm the grain ter
rtory. Cars are unloadea at the ter
minal elevators by machinery and ev-
erything Is accomplished with speed.
Many questions enter into the pro-
duction of wheat The farmer must
have good roads, railroads must be
built, waterways deepened. Our rail-
roads know this and Canada and this
country are building and enlargtng
their lines to the Pacific coast. The
Georgian bay canal is being consid-
cred as II possible factor in grain ship
ment and the proposed Hudson bay
route will play it's part in getting
wheat abroad. When the grain is ripe
there can be no lettering In cutting,
threshing or shipment. 1t is busy
life IN which affairs for u time move
at white heat.
The Daily Missoulian., 1912-10-06
Steel cARs in WRECK NEAR BRISTOL, TENN.

anee a national custom eventually.
The purpose Of the day as expressed
BY the governor in his appeal to the
people will be a general cleaning up
and removal Of all rubbish, trash and
waste and q setting Of their heating
apparatus and chimneys In proper
condition Tor winter use Though it
Is not generally realized tho starting
OF the furnace is very often the cause
Of serious fires. Through the OBJ
serVanc8 OF Fire Prevention day 1t Is
hoped to make fall chimney cleaning
as much OF custom as is now the
spring house cleaning. The saving OF
lives by means of drills and adequate
HE saving apparatus will be demon
strated and the feature OF the day will
be constructive" fire at which
$500 lives will be saved For this
purpose a large loft building occupied,
by big cloak and suit company has
been selected All conditions will be
those Of real fire. except that the
blaze will be lacking. The fire alarm
The Daily Missoulian., 1912-10-06

an apparatus that is costly. The de-
mands also differ. The thresher that
sacks grain without touch of hand is
chiefly applicable for the Pacific coast
farms.
Yet, all this is preparatory for
wheat must be transported from the
farm to the local market, from the
local market to the primary market,
from the primary market to the sea-
board and from the seaboard to the
foreign market. On the Pacific coast
the grain is usually shipped in sacks
and in the Dakotas it is more often
run into grain tanks, or the cars ready
for the great railroad centers into
which the wheat concentrates for the
local markets. One must think of
large numbers I'M this connection
Minneapolis alone receives about 90,-
100000 bushels of wheat q year and
Chicago, Winnipeg, Detroit, Port Ar
thur, Fort William, Duluth, MilWau-
kee, Toledo, kansas City and Omaha
The Daily Missoulian., 1912-10-06

a day, sometimes $3, and get their
board The farmers wife knows this
for they have big appetites, these men
who work in the field all day in the
sun, and cooking is going on constant
ly in the farmers home. Experience
is not necessary, though old hands get
better pay, but one feature of this
bumper crop was that if a laborer
started for the fields and found he
was not needed he could pass on to
other localities and shift about. AS
cutting and threshing lasts until late
he can pass from one farm to another
always moving north, for the same
conditions prevail in Canada and there
the bumper crop must also be har-
vested. This country like ours has the
transporta ton, marketing, storage and
financial facilities necessary for the
development of the great wheat pro-
duction. 1t is a long story in which
bankers, stock markets, the whole
country is concerned, this size of the
The Daily Missoulian., 1912-10-06

wheat supply and the city dWeller as
well as the farmer can rejoice.
In Canada there are farms Of 1000
to 1000 acres and iii North Dakota
there are some big bonanza grain
farms of from 1000 to 10000 acres,
There are hundreds and hundreds of
small farms from go to 200 aeres in
both countries. Preparation and seed
ing of the ground is but one of the
problems, it is the harvesting, the
danger of waste, the demand for help
that makes the farmer Sweat in sum-
mer' and he must depend on transient
labor at that. All this has brought
forth marvellous machinery, wonder
full threshers which cut, gather. thresh
and clean the wheat and sack it for
the market without. touch Of hand
Sometimes machines are drawn by 20
ito 40 horses, sometimes an engine is
used. but there are many small farms
where more primitive processes are
employed, for all farmers cannot afford
The Daily Missoulian., 1912-10-06


A powerful argument In favor Of
steel passenger coaches was supplied
by a recent train wreck near Bristol,
Tenn. A modern train made up en-
tirely Of the latest type Of steel pas
senger and mail cars was going at
the rate OF 65 miles an hour, when
the crash came. Eye witnesses saw
the cars buckle up and turn over,
landing ut the foot Of an embank-
ment on their sides. They were sure
that another awful death list was
being made up before their eyes, but,
after all the victims had been re-
moved, 1t was found that only ono
person was killed The steel cars
refused to telescope and had with
stood the terrible crushing strain
which would have crushed the wooden
coaches like egg shells and killed all
within.
Here are photographs of the steel
coaches taken right after the wreck
at Bristol, Tenn, and show the steel
cars stripped OF wheels and trucks, yet
entirely intact almost as good rs new.
The Daily Missoulian., 1912-10-06
~==zz=>.ssss-===z1~ z>sss-===z1 LIen~ epkr1e E1eYuloxeR
CQ17cnete. zs717hl2 x2exz< <lxscealT5ze@

are other large receiving ports,
From many of these towns the
wheat moves to the seacoast SO that
the wheat traffic on the Great lakes
has become immense. Great grain
boats carrying 100000 to 100000 bush
els are common. The Pacific ports
also ship their share of wheat. Nor is
this all, great railroads network the
northwest and Canada in an endeavor
to care for the crops that AS n rule
await them. One Canadian read has
locomotive capable of pulling 100000
bushels of grain. AT least six of our
long transcontinental roads are great
grain carriers and distribute it to the
Great lakes or the east
1t is interesting to note the move
ment of the wheat fields and all 1t
implies. Pennsylvania and New York
wheat fields We're superseded by those
Of Illinois, and these in turn We're
overshadoWed by the fields Of Minne-
sofa, Nebraska and the Dakotas and
of late by the Canadian provinces. 1t
Is this northwest trend that has had a
tendency to move wheat trade from
Chicago to the head of the lakes and
to Increase the Importance of Duluth,
Superior Fort William and Port Ar
thur as shipping points, for they are at
the western extremity of Lake Supe-
rior. All this has produced a natural
sequence of events, among them the
deepening of channels on the Great
lakes SO that boats drawing many feet
OF water can pass through. Duluth has
u magnificent harhor the largest fresh
water harbor In the world, and the
distance to Buffalo, q large receiving
port, via the lakes is practically the
same as from Chicago.
No greater indication of tho devel-
opment of tho Lake Superior traffic in
grain can be found than by statistics
obtainable at the st. Mary's Falls en-
nals--familiarly called "the 500" All
boats from Lake Superior ports TO
places on the lower lakes or the
Georgian bay tand Canada ships much
The Daily Missoulian., 1912-10-06

six months later a treaty with the
minister of Nicaragua, under which
this government agreed to aid the
countries named in making a. loan
for the refunding Of their debts. 1t
was agreed that the customs of the
two countries should be administered
In effect by the United States.
It is charged that these treaties
We're drawn up in the interest Of
Wall street, that under them New
York bankers would profit for more
than the countries themselves. The
treaty with Honduras placed in the
hands of J. r. Morgan and other
financiers the selection of. the collec-
tor general of customs and practical
ly bound the United States to back
/ him up The same consideration was
shown whatever bankers undertook
the Nicaraguan loan
The Daily Missoulian., 1912-10-06

ator Lodge, senior member of the
foreign relations committee, Senator
Root and others condemned the in
difference of the administration. The
senate adopted a strong resolution,
reiterating the Monroe doctrine
It has been charged on the senate
floor that American interests. dis
satisfied with the government in.
power, have financed the present rev.
o1ution in Nicaragua, in the hope Of
bringing about American interven-
ton.
Treaties are Criticized:
The senate has been disposed to
criticize the policy Of the state de-
partment with reference to Nicara-
qua and Honduras. A year and q
half ago Mr.. Knox signed a treaty
with the minister Of Honduras and
The Daily Missoulian., 1912-10-06

culture. but In schools where the pro-
Ject Is possible there has been 6
steady increase in it's popularity. Per
sons who are interested In this topic
point out that thousands OF ! school
children in this city are graduated
from the elementary grades without
even knowing that potatoes grow
underground They have never come
In contact with the primal facts Of
nature. it Is explained. Already tried
on a very small scale, school garden
ing has proved 50 successful as to
make it seem certain that 1t is to be-
come "a permanent and important
feature of public school education not
only here. but in other large cities as
well.
The Daily Missoulian., 1912-10-06

Sixty thousand men are wanted in
the wheat fields of the northwest.
This is the cry that has just gone up
and with it went demands for thou
sands and thousands Of bales of twine,
for railroads to move cars SO that
tracks might be unoIbstructed and the
great wheat trains rushed 10 their des-5
tination SO that the bumper crop of the
Dakotas and Minnesota may be cared
for. Never has there been such a year
as this. The small and big farms have
put forth grain that runs more to the
acre and of better quality than in years
and this will effect the whole coun-
try. Wall street, bankers, transporta
ton companies, as we'll as the growers
are concerned in the harvest outcome
and sixty-acre field of oats or wheat
that yields over so bushels to the acre
is something in which more persons
than the farmer himself is concerned
1t also means work, work, work for
short time and with rapidity for
many men, and hence state employ
ment agencies, as well as labor bu-
reaus issued frantic calls for aid
Then the cry for twine, more tWine
went UP, from countjcs that only had
about third enough for the heavy
crops. More than this, conditions this
year have been wonderfully favorable.
The grain is Of the first quality, and
hard. Hail and wind have done lit
tie damage. Even Montana, dry
farming state. had big crop and all
through the northwest, east of the
Rockies, kilograms were sent to the
railroads asking for help in getting
men to work, for free transportation
The Daily Missoulian., 1912-10-06
RUBBER PLANTATION
IN new YORK
RUBBER SUGGESTS AUTOS AND
GARDENING AS THEME FOR
BREEZY LETTER.

New York, October 5.--NeW Workers.
time big rubber plantation and rub
Der factories flourishing in the heart
of the city, and thousands Of curious
persons have watched the milking
of the trees as the process by which
the juice from which the rubber is
manufactured is called. The spec
tacle, however, is not to be q perma-
nent industry here, but is the exhi-
bition of the International rubber and
allied trades sppnrted by more than
twenty rubber producing countries of
the world. The fact that this country
uses more than one-half of the
worlds production Of new rubber and
that the value of the output Of the
finished products equals the value of
the steel production are facts realized
by very few persons. In the exhibits
rubber plants brought from all over
the world can be seen growing. 1t Is
shown how the milk, or latex, Is
extracted This IL usually done by
making a small incision in the bark
of the tree and the milk runs out.
Then the milk is coagulated. There
are several processes for this churn-
ing, and Dr. Pinto from Brazil will
make q biscuit, az 1t is called, or a
small flat mat of crude rubber in a
few minutes. Sometimes the rubber
Is rolled into ball. Sometimes 1t ts
spread out In long. flat sheets, and
then there are all sorts of varieties
OF rubber, which vary In value from
90 cents to $3.50 q pound. The ex-
hibits from ceylon, Malay and the
far east show the conditions under
which rubber Is grewn and gathered,
and the natives In, the picturesque
costumes are seen working In the
plantations. Perhaps no other feature
has attracted more Interested watch
ers than that which gives them an
| opportunity to zee In the making the
hose to be used In the city's fire
| department.
The protests which have long been
made against what their originators
designate as the frills OF New York s
| system of public school education
have apparently not been in vain. for
LIT now seems certain that next spring
will see a novel, though extremels
/ practical course added to the public
school curriculum. This will be 8
course known as school gardening
It IL being recognized by educator.
as means OF teaching practical agri.
culture to the pupils. q thing hereto
fore difficult In city schools. To bs
sure. the promoters acknowledge, thu
gardens maintained by the pupils Of.
ford the children only an e1ementar,
insight into the study Of the agri.