davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-06-04
THE ARABIAN HORSE.

The best authorities Oh the Ara blan
horse claim there never was really
pure one OF that breed that was spott-
Cd or calico in color. Even the CIR
GUS men, however. have not nearly
20 much use for the skewbald horse
a they once had. The small supply
nils their demand. They ind that
horses OF the draft breeds pull their
wagons better, while for ring uses
the tougher bone and sinew Of the
or trotter recommend
them. Still some attractions die hard
ana few spotted freaks are always
to be found beneath every big can
vass. The Arabian horse may briefly
be described a. . thoroughbred on q
small scale. There are many me
specimens Of the breed in this country
but more In England. It is difficult
to get really good specimens out Of
the sultan's domains. Not only Is
their expectation prohibited by i'm
psrial decree, but rivalry among. the
sheiks Of the nomandic Arabians
which own the best bands Is 80 keen
that good stations can hardly be
bought at first hands and no one
wants to pay much money for poor
and then go deep down in
pocket two or three times more to
place 1t on ship-board.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-06-04

The accompanying chart indicates
approximately the distribution OF the
Field Service Of the Department OF
Agriculture. AZ Of February !, 1919.
by states and counties. There are
1,773 separate agencies represented
throughout the United States. with
q total Of 7.lso employees. divided
as follows:
North Atlantic States, 139 locations.
sss employees; South Atlantic States,
S52 locations, 631 employees; North
Central States. East Of Miss. River.
|e4 locations. LOOP employees: North
Central States. West OF Miss. River.
1873 locations. s93 employees; South
Central States, $50 locations. 9Ss em-
ployes; Far Western States, 498 loca-
lions. 1897 employees.
The large number Of locations In
the South Atlantic and South Cent
raj states is due principally to the
Farmers Co-opefation Demonstration
Work. the appropriation for which
was made to the Bureau OF Plant In
dustry for the purpose Of combating
the cotton boil weevil OF total OF
904 locations with 1,sls employees in
these sixteen states. ga locations with
approximately $50 employees are
charged to Demonstration work.
leaving q balance Of $50 locations
with 969 employees assigned to other
lines Of activity. These demOnstra-
ton farms are conducted In the
Southern states to illustrate methods
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-06-04
WHY BAD EGGs9

During tho warm weather there are
many bad eggs placed on the market.
These bad eggs may be dirty, incu-
bated. shrunken or held. rotten or
moldy and bad favored.
Some OF the causes Of dirty eggs are
unsanitary conditions about the poul-
try house; lack OF litter in the house;
an insufficient number Of nests; small
nests: poor nesting material: allowing
hens to roost on nests: and not gath
ering eggs often enough. The few
dirty eggs that are produced should be
consumed at home and not washed
and sold.
With these faults corrected the
number OF broken eggs would be low
cred, for some Of the above conditions
result in both dirty and broken eggs.
The cause OF some OF the breakage.
however, IL the lack Of mineral matter
for the egg shell. Oyster shells or
bone will furnish this mineral matter
for the production OF thicker shelled
eggs.
Egg producers should take sufficient
pride in their product to give It proper
care from the time It Is laid until 1t
10 marketed. Subsequent handlers
should exercise similar precaution.
Careful attention to these important
points would materially lessen the
losses enum Grated above. and would
add to the pleasure OF producing and
OF consuming this important food.
Eggr may be a delicacy or only an or
binary. or even inferior. material for
food purposes, depending very largely
upon the way they are handled by
producer. middleman and consumer.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-06-04
DEPARTMENT or AGRICULTURE WORK

OF growing cotton despite the weevil,
and to educate the farmers In crop
diversiflcation. Other Plant Indust-'
cry stations consist OF testing gardens,
experiment farms. dry land expert
ment farms reclamation projects ana
grain Standardization laboratories.
The number Of locations with the
relatively large number of employees
In the Far West IL duo principally
to the Forest Service organisation.
The six field districts Of this Service
are In the Far West with the princi-
pal administrative Offices and ONCE
and field employees located in each
District.
1 The Bureau Of Animal Industry
maintains considerable force Of In
spectors 1t each Of tho principal
slaughter centers, such as Chicago
Kansas City, South Omaha, Philadsl-
phia. Now York, ETC.. In carrying out
tho provisions Of tho meat inspection
law. This service covers 2sS cities.
( This explains the proporuonateiy
large number Of employees ~ compar-
ed with the number Of locations in
tho North Atlantic and North Central
Cast ana West) Divisions. The Grad
ication Of animal diseases. scabies Of
sheep and cattle in the West and
cattle ticks In the South, the enforce
ment Of quarantine laws, . small
number Of experiment stations and
tho inspection Of imports at Mexican.
Canadian and Atlantic ports make up
tho remainder Of this service.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-06-04
VALUABLE HINTS FOR THE
FARMER.

Treat the herd boar with kindness
and also with considerable caution.
Do not allow tho cows to dry up
during the latter part OF summer as
this necessitates keeping them
through winter giving smaller flow
OF milk than they should.
A little oil Of pennyroyal OF oil OF
cloves will drive flies away from the
stable.
At any season. when the horse has
become excessively warm he should
be cooled of gradually.
Don't change the collar from one
horse to another.
Cultivate cheerful tone in speak
ing to your horse.
II does not pay TO- feed and care
for inferior horses on the farm.
Warm skim milk for feeding pur-
poses soon pays tho cost Of farm
separator.
A cows value II determined by the
solids In her milk.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-06-04

ewedes may be sown any time from
the FIRST Of May until the 18th OF
June In the Northern latitudes; IN the
South earlier Of course. n 10 not my
intention to 80 into the details Of Gull
tiyatfon Of this crop, but to point out
some Of the dangers OF failure. These
are: Poor cultivation. insect pests
and disease. II,
The most troublesome insects are
the ny. the wireworm and the aphis;
the diseases are club foot or finger
and toe and the phoma disease caus-
Ing decay Of. the bulbs.
The turnip-hy IL the most trouble
some In dry weather. It frequently
clears OF the young plants 50 effect
ually that 2 second sowing becomes
necessary.
rhs steps that have been found
most useful to save the crop from the
dy are good cultivation, thick sowing.
stimulating manure, mixing the seed,
various dressings and light rolling.
Good cultivation, which reduces the
soil to hne filth, makes all con-
ditions favorable for rapid growth.
and retains moisture In the soil for
sustaining growth.
Stimulating manure IL very great
help against the fly as 1t hurries the
plant past the dangerous stage.
Farmyard manure Is not active
enough for this, but II in addition to
the farmyard manure. ! cwt.. per acre
LOT nitrate Of soda and a suitabl
quantity Of superphosphate OF basic
Stag be applied before sowing the seed
the growth will be rapid and danger
Of failure reduced.
This artificial manure should not be
scattered through the soil, but should
be laid In row along the drills. after
they are half closed over the farm
yard manure.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-06-04
TREES GROWING BY THE MILLIONS
IMMENSE PLANTATION HAS BEEN CREATED 10 SUPPLY
ITS NEEDS FOR MANY YEARS TO COME BY
AN EASTERN RAILWAY SYSTEM.

r1ety OF uses to which q railroad eaA
put vacant spaces along It's lines
The reservation IN Pennsylvania
was one OF those vacant stretches
and when the forestry department.
took 1t in hand It required the ser-
vices OF a small army OF workmsn 70
redeem the land from state OF Wild
ernesslike confusion. Now everything
on the plantation ID IA scientific order
and the fine hand Of the skilled for
ester II evident In every line Of seed.
ling rows
While the railroads OF the United
States are doing excellent work In
forestry for commercial purposes,
tree planting for shade and to bSauti-
fy our lands Is also going forward
rapidly But even 30, It - surpgtsing
how few shade trees OF beautiful form
one fnds travelling over the country.
We sometimes meet with magnificent
specimens but usually they are
found growing along in some held.
where the woodman spared them
years ago. Very few shade trees Of
beautiful form are found among
those set by man. Nature gives US
the magnificent specimens.
Too many people ret the idea that
shade trees should be set close to-
gether. 30 as to give dense shade.
Trees planted close together will give
la dense shade. but they will not grow
UP fully developed. or give the land
scape effect that II obtained by hav-
ing well-formsd trees properly
spaced
Shade trees, to be OF value. should
therefore be set, not only with the
view Of giving a good shade, hut
we'll spaced, 50 AZ to grow up fully
developed, thereby Identifying the
landscape. Well-formed trees add
greatly to the attractivsnsss Of q
farm. but trees set close together are
not only unsightly, but they cut OF
view, thereby depreciating the value
OF the farm. A single great tree.
growing alone In q nsid. y worth
more money than dozen trees ct
close together. A place may be very
unattractive in all other points, but
I II It has well-developed shade trs0s
growing promiscuously about. they
Will partially hide the unattractive
features and add greatly to the value
Of the place.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-06-04
CoNsERv1NG OUR RESOURCES.

How many farmers return to the
land fair equivalent for what they
have taken out Of It? Are our soils
increasing or decreasing In fertility?
Every consideration, present and
prospective, points to the high i'm
portance Of maintaining and II possible
Increasing the fertility Of our farms,
and 1t Is Just here that animal hus-
bandry must enter into the calcula-
ton as prime factor.
Stock growing Is the backbone Of
American business. The farm Is the
OF all our commerce and
industries. It can only be made per-
manently productive II the land Is
properly fed.
All forms Of vegetation draw some
thing from the SOIL The roots that
build the plant filches daily from
mother earth.
Animal feeding on the farm insures
the paying back OF some Of the debt.
grain selling sends the farm to mar
ket inch by inch.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-06-04
The TURNlP AND IT'S ENEMIES

sowing 10 to have enough plants for
some to survive. II the ny should at
tack.
Mixing the seed Of white turnips
with the Swedes II useful, as the fly
finds the plant Of the white turnip
more attractive than the Swede.
When the time for thinning arrives
the less valuable white turnips that
survive the fly. may be thinned out.
Dry. dusty dressings arc we'll known
to discourage the ny. The only favor
able thing that farmers can say Of
motorists 10 that the dust they raise
saves from the ~ any field Of turnips
that happens next to the road.
The dressings usually recommend
cd are lime, or i mixture Of lime.
SCOT and sulphur. Any dressing OF
this kind should be put on early In
the morning while the dew 10 still on
the leaves. A liquid dressing In the
shape OF parafhn emulsion applied
with . spraying-machine. il also very
effective.
Tho dressings here recommended
are also useful to destroy the gray
aphis, which appears in the heart Of
the leaves In the height Of summer
In dry weather.
Rolling an attacked crop or driving
a flock OF sheep over the held. has
also been held to be serviceable, the
object being to disturb the fly. also
to consolidate the soil around the
plants.
The turnip fly Is kept alive on
weeds Of the turnip grass, such as
preshaugh. shepherds purse. rocket,
etc, and such plants should be rigid
ly kept down. Also the fly finds shell
ter In heaps OF loose rubbish around
the fences, so that tidy farming may
lido q good deal toward reducing the
damage caused by the pest.
wireworms would be reduced very
materially, II the birds were allowed
free range, while the tilage 10 COINS
on, as wire worms prove an irresisti-
BILE attraction to them,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-06-04
KNEIL OF OLD MILK PAIL.

: A wonderful system Of ventilation
has been devised for dairies, and its
general adoption by all farmers who
apply intelligence and scientific meth
DDS to their ventures proves its merit.
But pure air alone Is not sufficient for
the cow barn. No dust must be per-
mitted to accumulate. the barns should
be kept In perfect sanitary form. and
the animal must be subjected to fire.
quent cleaning operations. Scientists
have sounded the knell OF the old
fashioned milk pail with its fiaring
edges. The small topped pail ~ in
favor. II offers less Of an opening for
bacteria that may fall into the milk
during the process Of milkinE.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-06-04
ATTRACTIVE CATTLE.

Not very many pure bred herds OF
Dutch belted cattle are found any
where In America, and their appear
ance at the cattle shows always at
tracts attention because OF the unus-
ual color markings Each animal
possesses the broad white belt about
the body presenting the appearance OF
blanket. The breed was brought to
this country about eighty years ago,
and for many years was 50 rare that
herds were exhibited as q circus At
traction. All importations were made
many years ago. no new herds hay--
Ing been imported during the last
half century.
The Dutch belted cattle have the
general qualities Of the Holsteins and
are inclined to large milk yield. Az
the herds actually exist, they arc
probably not equal to several other
breeds In average milk yield. but the
comparison is hardly fair because
there are ten herds Of Holsteins. Jer-
seys or Guernseys to one Of the belt
ed, and 1t Is easier to select compet-
tive herds Of more popular breeds.
One Of the best practical uses Of
the pure bred stock is in crossing
with other cattle. The grade heller
of part Dutch belted ancestry Is pref
ty sure to be good animal for dairy
purposes. She will possess the char
acteristic white belt. although ends
OF body may be red or roam instead
Of black. She will be large milk
yielder, the quality being good. al
though not particularly rich In butter
fat. She II also likely to be q long
lived producer and perhaps q little
more hardy than most pure bred
stock. The Dutch belted reproduce
their quality with remarkable exact
ness when crossing with other stock.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-06-04

The Pennsylvania railroad company
10 raising tho timber for its ties. =
large pi.ce OF farm land belonging
20 the company near Mopresville.
Pennsylvania has been set apart TOT
forest reservation and here. undef
the direction Of the forestry depart
ment Of tho railroad. millions OF SEQ
ling plants are being nurssd INTO
sufiiciently robust life to. allow TOT
their removal to other lands belong
ing to the company, where they can !,
be permitted to take their chance o.
growing to maturity.
The trees selected for. this planta-
ton are those which have proved the
most desirable for railroad ties
There are acres Of oak seedlings
chestnuts. catalpa plants. black To-
Gust, Scotch pine. Austrian pine
Douglas Ar and other trees that are
OF the right material for cutting VI
into railroad ties.
Besides these trees there are vast
number Of seedlings that have never
been tried for the purpose to which
1t ID intended to put these trees when
they reach maturity, but which
might prove even superior for that
purpose TO the tres that have al
ways been selected. These seed
lings are being grown for the pur-
pose Of providing the railroad with q
variety OF trees 20 that experiments
can be made in the future to deter
mine which particular tree is actual
ly the best for furnishing the all i'm
portant rail on the company's way.
1t will be forty years or 20 before
the trees that now are in Seeding
state will have attained growth
sufficient to justify tho forestry de.
partment In cutting them down 70,
railroad ties. The plan II to nurse
the seedlings along at the forestry
reservation until they are sufficient
~ big to permit transplantation
They will then be taken up and re-
planted in some Of the many vacant
lands owned by the railroad.
The seedlings will be planted si1
feet apart and will then have to
take their chance 81 surviving. The
fostering care OF the forester cannot
follow them further Al they will
be planted on ground belonging to
the railroad, on which no one will
have right to trespass It Is prob
able that most OF the trees will reach
maturity and will eventually fulfill
their destiny. becoming railroad ties
The railroad companies possess
Immense stretches OF territory alont
the line Of the permanent ways
ground that has been acquired per
force because right OF way coult
not be obtained without buying extra
land, and farm land and other real
estate that has been purchased be-
cause 1t was seen the company would
some day need It for ono Of the va
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-06-04

OF the countless numbsss Of plants
IN The vegetable kingdom many poss-
20 peculiar aromatic odors. Before
the art Of distillation was known, the
ancient people ussd odoriferous plants
and spices In their dried forms for
their agreeable doors. Gradually
however, the development OF special
utensils Tor other domestic purposes
may have resulted IN the discovery Of
methods for the separation Of doors
from plants ana plant products. The
first mention In ancient orsek writ
inos 81 the separation Of IN odor
from crude substance - that Of the
OIL Of cedar, which was separated
from the oleorssin BY means Of the
crudsst form OF apparatus With
the development OF the necessary ap-
ries have arisen.
In southwestern France general
perfumery industry OF great import
ancs, based On the production OF Law
ender, cassie, rose. violet. ana other
perfumery plants. has grow up. The
altar Of roses from Bulgaria and Tur-
key. the rose gerantun oils from Al
geria, Reunion, and other French coli
onies. the lavender and other essent-
ial oils from England. and the citrus
oily from italy, as we'll a. the lemon
grass, citronells. vetiver, and other
volatile-oil ana perfume-producinE
products from India, may be mon
toned AZ important Industrial pro-
ducts. In the United States and in
Japan the production Of peppermint
oil and its produce constitutes an Inn
portant industry
At the present time the number Of
plants IN the United States yielding
oils In commercial way II very
small but the number capable OF
yielding oils Of probable value 70 cor
respondingly great. At present tho
cultivated plantc are principally the
minis. peppermint and spearmint. to-
gether with small quantities Of
NORWOOD. tansy and wormseed. The
wild plants include sassafras. winter
green. sweet birch, Canada heabane.
and penny-royaL
Oil OF turpentine has been distilled
commercially for more than century
and IL produced on q very extensive
scale Unlike most volatile oils. the
oil Of turpent1ne II not distilled d.
rectly from the plant but results q
one Of the products Of the distilla-
,ion Of the oieoresin obtained from
:cveral varieties o. pine rsss.
= Up to the present time the -cufti-,
vation Of Dsrfums-y1eldlng plants has
not been carried on, even experiment.
ally. over vsry large part % the
United States, and such work Of this
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-06-04

some bacteria invariably are found
IN milk. The laboratory shows. how
ever that these germs arc beneficial
rather than Injurious to the human
consumers. But the presenceeof bac-
teria directly traceable TO Nth and In
sanitary conditions 4 ct once source
OF danger and q signal for mcdlcal
warfare on the undesirable dairy.
keep the COW stable a. neat and e
clean a. the kitchen. IL the slogan OF
the most progressive dairymen They
Are n the ascendency. The careless,
old fashioned dairyman sees plainly
the handwriting on the wall.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-06-04
By ". n. Gilbert.

The closing Of the drills IL then
completed, leaving tho artificial ma
nure sufficiently covered not to be too
close to the seed. but close enough
to feed the young root soon after
sprouting.
Thick sowing Is advisable. partly for
the same reason a. the artificial ma
nuring, to hurry the crop past the
danger stage, Is It ID well known that
plants placed thickly always grow
rapidly. A second reason for thick
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-06-04
PRODUCTION or PERFUMERY PLANTS
A.oENERAL PERFUMERY INDUSTRY OF GREAT PROFIT
EXISTS IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AND 80
SHOULD BE MADE TO PAY HERE. sA

but few kinds Of plants. However,
the wide diversity In climate and soil
IA different parts Of the United States.
with the varying conditions Of heat.
light, and moisture. renders Il pro-
bAhle that some portions Of the
country will be found to be well fitted
for the cultivation OF the perfumery
plants characteristic Of the temperate
sones Il appears probable that the
conditions PREVAILING In those parts OF
cry industry oan be fairly well dup
Heated. Il Will doubtless require
much experimental work to md the
particular localities best suited to
special plants.
II must be borne In mind. however.
that not only must conditions OF soil
and climate be right but that the
labor conditions which 80 with the
problem must be met In a practical
way. The distance Of the point Of
production and the transportation
factors arc also important and might
be decisive.
Favorable conditions OF soil and
climate In the United States point to
very considerable extension Of the
volatile oil industry also.
With m increased practical know
ledge Of how to handle tho crops Of
greatest promise and with working
familiarity with the forms Of appar-
atus used In separating the oils. the
preliminary steps leading to such an
extension will have been taken. Be-
fore full-dedged industry can be ex-
pected to appear. however. much pre-
liminary experimental work must be
done over Wide area In order to as
certain the most successful combina-
lions Of soil. climate. and labor con-
dttions.
From the standpoint Of tho con-
sumption OF products derived from
volatile oils obtained from plants. the
commercial statistics show large
and active market. They also show
that the demand 10 now supplied in
very large part from foreign sources.
and an active interest In testing the
possibilities OF our land II suggested.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-06-04

soil shows signs Of decreasing fertility,
wasteful Western farmers are begin-
ming to read the handwriting on tho
wall and taking some slight heed OF
the thrift Of their New England
brothers, are beginning to coax their
tired soils back to strength and to con-
serve all that they produce.
True, they are only beginning to
profit by the lessons OF the past but
this beginning is suspicious for better
methods, larger prosperity which must
be born Of necessity.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-06-04

lawn, q selection should be made from
the China or monthly roses. the Jap
anese or rusosa roses and the Aust
rian briars II the garden IL very
sheltered some OF the stronger grove
,nx Of the dwarf teas could be utili-
red. and from the free Towering poly
Sontha group delightful little hodges
can be made that would grow 20 .
height Of three or four 3est-0. y. y.