The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1912-10-15

only. This makes the fighting force
of Bulgaria approximately 275, 900
men, and help might also be expected
from the Komitajis. force of half
trained and experienced guerillas,
numbered at about 20, 900.
The Servian Forces
Little Servia is by no means I'M
prepared for war. The peace
strength of the regular army, &C.
cording to the 1909 budget, is35. 6O5
officers and men and l, 1893 gendarm-
erie. force greater than that pos
sessed by the United States before
the Spanish-American war. The
military budget for 1912 amounts to
81. 204.652. At Nish series of forts
is being completed. At Zayechar,
near the Bulgarian frontier, are FIVE
forts, and Prot is also provided with
works.
In Servia military service is COM
pulsorv and universal. Liability is
from Is to so years, butrecruits join
at q and complete their service at
45. The national army has three
"bans. ;" The first is the active army
and its reserve, constituting the first
line. The second 'ban" is supposed
to providereserve troops. The third
is the territorial army. There is al
so the "levee en- masse." containing
all who have passed through the ma
tional army and all other males be-
tween Is and so years. The Servian
soldier spends ten years in the first
"ban," six in the second and eight
in the third. In war the field army
of five divisions presents a total
strength of 5000 men, besides an
available reserve of 5000 men.
The Army of Greece
Greece, though her military SER
vice is also compulsory and universal
has peace strength of only $4,000
men of all ranks, and can put only
SO, 900 men in the field in war times.
Service begins in the twenty-first
year and lasts thirty-six years-two
years in the active army, eleven in
the first reserve, nine in the second
reserve and fourteen years in the
national guard. Postponements and
reductions of service are permitted
in certain cases, however, condi-
toned on the payment of tax
The Greek troops are now being
re-armed with Mannlicher- Schonauer
rifles. model of 1903. The field ar
tilIery is armed with Schneider-Canet
@. F. guns.
The navy consists of three small
battleships of 5000 tons the Hydra,
the Spetsai and the Para. There
are nineteen torpedo boats, mostly
out of date. The personnel is about
4,941 men. An armored cruiser Of
10, 900 tons, named the Averoff, has
just been built in Italy.
The Army of Montenegro
The war strength of Montenegro
is variously estimated at from &c, 900
to so, 900 men. Her army is, how
ever, in period of transition. Every
citizen is liable to military service
from the eighteenth to the sixty-sec-
ond year of his age two years in
the recruits class, thirty three years
in the active army, and ten years in
the reserve. The infantry are armed
with Russian three line" rifles of
the 1898 pattern, the artillery, with
variousguns of not verv recent model.
100000 Ottoman Troops
/ On paper, at any rate, Turkey has,
it is estimated, upward of 1000. 00C
troops to oppose against the force
given above, but of this huge total
it is doubtful whether at least hall
would be of any real fighting value
in the field, despite the reorganiza-
ton which is proceeding. The ex
emption from compulsory military
service, formerly granted to Chris.
tians and the population of Constan.
tinople, on the payment of fee has
been revoked, and all "Ottomans'
are now subject to service. Arabs
and Kurds, however, who are also
liable, eyade the law in large mum.
bers, and there are certain recog-
nized rights to exemption.
Seven Districts
The empire is divided into sever
military districts. and last year the
reorganization of the forces into