davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1912-07-30
Cronicas Jurldicas
IA QUESTION DE Los PATRONOS.
In ALEGATO Y UN FALLO.

Annnt5bamos aver como base de las
reclamaciones por danos causados, los
articulos 1903 1904 del C0digo Civil
vicente Y hablamos de las responsa-
hilidades De la responsabilidad de
los patronos en- muchos estados de Id
Union Americana, responsabilidad ex-
ira culpable absolute. de la res
ponsabilidad de los patronos EN- Puer-
TO Rico. responsabilidad que deJa de ser
exigible cesa, cuando, CART. lo0f) Sc
prueba haber empleadO toda la dlllgen-
cia de I'M buen padre de familia, para
eyitar el dano. La ley, en- este punto
concrete, es tan clara y termlnante que
no admite analisis y 81 apenas, un breve
ligero estudio.
Esta responsabilidad de los que eau
San dano es decir. esta obligation que
tienen de reparar, indemnizando, Ell da-
no que Sc causa por descuido neghgeh-
Ella. viene de lejOs, Sc plerde en- las ah-
tiguas legislaciones romanas.
Tanto el C0digo frances, como el Co
digo italiano Y ell C6digo espanol, man
tienen la misma regla juridica NO es,
pues NADIA nuevo: 81 bien, en- Puerto HI
co. ha venido sentar Jurlsprudencla
ahora. una mirada Retrospective mas
ALA de la Edad Media, bastara para ma
liar esa regla en- las lnStltucloneS de
.Justiniano Ell los tomos del Dlgesto.
Y esa misma regla de la responsabllldad
con culpa negligencla propla y perSo-
nal halo asiento en- la ley Aqullla, en
las leves de Prairial, en- las partldas, en-
81 C6digo de Don Alfonso ell sablo. Pc
ro ninpuno de esos C6digos hablaban de
responsabilidades mpuestas al dueho de
una empresa por los perJmclos catsadoS
Dor sus dependencies: esa regla Juridl-
ca es moderna.
Y esta nueva moderna responsaDlh-
dad cre6 dos eScuelas. Ell hcenclado
LlorenS Torres. en- ell alegato que ne
mos hecho referencia, habla de elias, es-
pecifcandolas en- la forma sigmente
"Por diferentes caminos, los mas
orandes tratadistas de derecho evil nan
tratado de explicar ell fundamento Ju-
ridico de tai responsabilidad, dividlen-
dose ell campo en- dos grandes escuelas
/.
Ia de la presunci6n de la culpa y la de
Ia responsabilidad extraculpable
La primera escuela de la presunclon
de la culpa, descansa en- la presunclon
de que la culpa de un empleado dimana
de Ia cnlpa de su principal. Hay pre-
sunciones que no admiten pruebas en-
contrario. lamadas tecnicamente pre-
snneiones *juris ct de jure, y hay tam
bi6n presunciones que ceden la prue-
ba en- pontrario Y que Ell derecho Sc la
man presunciones juris tantum'.
Por ESQ esta escuela. la de la pre-
sunci6n de la culpa, Sc subdivide en- dos
rrnpos el de los que afirman que La
responsabildad del dueno por los actos
de sas empleadoS es absoluta porque es-
4ablecen la presuncion 'juris ct de Ju-
re de que el dueno es siempre ell cul-
pable de la culpa del empleado, el Sc
gundo grupo 10 constituyen los que air.
man que la responsabilidad del dueno es
culpabilidad parte de una presuncion
limitada hasta cierto punto, porque su
juris tantum,' que cede la prueba
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1912-07-30

rres trae a colacion los preceptos de las
legislaciones espanolas, francesas, lta-
lianas del Estado de louisiana, que
son analogos al nuestro, y las lnterpre-
taciones uue le han dado los Tribunales,
todas dentro del verdadero esplrltu de
la ley
Y ell .Juez C6rdova Davila, dicto su
opinion. con conclusiones tan elocuen-
tes terminates como estas
InterpretandO estas disposlclones
del C0digo, entendemos que, cuando los
d1enos de un establecimiento empire
sa no han ejercido la debida vigllancla,
asi en- la disposition de sus materiales
como en- la election de sus operarios con
el cello necesario. estan obllgadOs re-
parar el dano causado, sin que haya IN
tervenido culpa de su parte, pro haber
prescindido de la diligencia debida en-
el cumplimiento de los deberes especia-
les exigidos por la ley Ouando la prue-
ba demmestra satisfactOriamente que Sc
ha cumplido con estos deberes, la res
ponsabilidad no existe para los duenos
0 directories, aunque sus e'npleados o
dependencies, interviniendo culpa o ne
ghgencia, hayan causado danos a un
tercero
En- los Estados Unidos prevalece una
una doctrina completamente distinta,
que no puede aplicarse a Puerto Rico,
dado ell espiritu letra de nuestra ley
en- vigor La doctrina VICENTE entire
nosotros. no es la doctrina americana de
! la responsabilidad absolute del dueno
0 principal por los actos de sus emplea-
| dos Nuestra ley es completamente
clara, eximiendo de responsabilidad al
| al dueno principal, cuando prueben
que emplearon toda la diligencia de un
buen padre de familia para prevenir el
Idano
Y refiriendos la declaration del
abogado, que aseguraba que la. doctri-
ma contraria venla practicandose hacia
diez amos por jueces y abogados en- Pto
Rico, declaraba 10 siguiente:
No estamos conformes con la afirma-
cion categorical establecida por los abo-
gad0s de la parte demandada sobre este
particular, los jueces de Puerto Rico no
han aceptado nj practicable esta dOctri.
ma de la responsabilidad absolute, por
la sencilla razon de que no habian tent
do hasta ahora oportunidad nj de acep-
tarla nj de rechazarla De acuerdo con
nuestra ley existe una presunci6n ju-
riS tantum con reSpectO a La reSpOn-
sabilidad de los duenos directories de
un establecimiento 0 empresa, y mien-
tras esta presuncion no haya sido des-
| ruida mediante prueha Ell contrario,
presentada por los llamados impug-
uarla los Tribunales de Justicia hacen
| perfectamente fallando en- contra de las
personas quienes perjudique la refe-
rida presuncion.
No conocemos ming1n caso EN- que
sc haya establecido la defensa que
Sc referen los abogados de la parte de-
mandada en- ausencia de una alega-
cion de esta naturaleza y de la prueba
necesaria para sostenerla, prewalece la
presuncion "juris tantum' establecida
por la ley y los jueces no tienen otro re-
medic que decidir de acuerdo con una
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1912-07-30

presuncion va establecida. Los casos
fallados hasta hoy, han sido resueltos
de acuerdo con los preceptos de nuestro
C6digo Civil en- virtud de la presun-
cion ''juris tantum' = de que va hemos
hablado, sin que Sc haya aceptado nj
practicado por los Tribunales la doctri
ma de la responsabilidad absolute =
CRONIQUEUR.
The Cairo bulletin., 1912-01-22
SPECIAL ASSESSMENT NOTICE,
Special Warrant No. 8.

Notice: Public notice is hereby
given that the county court or Alex
ander county. Illinois, has rendered
Judgment for special assessment
upon property benefited by the fol-
lowing Improvement: For the con-
struction of vitrified ti& pipe sew
ers and inlets and brick manholes
in and upon Sixteenth street and
Seventeenth street, In the city OF
Cairo, Illinois, and for filling SAID
streets with earth, from lot line 70
| lot line, and to the grade OF said
streets. as established by ordinance,
| the sewer In said Sixteenth street
extending from manhole located
eighteen (18) feet west of the west
line of Washington avenue, TO a
point fifteen (l5) feet west OF the
east line of Pine street, 1T extend
| ing from its said place OF begin
ming to a point 90 feet west or the
west line Of Locust street, ana inc
Inning on said Sixteenth street eN'
tending from Washington avenue tt
| Pine street, and the sewer IN salo
| Seventeenth street extending IRON
| Washington avenue TO Pine street
it extending from the manhole II
| the present Seventeenth street sew
er. 20 feet west Of the east line OF
| Walnut street to a manhole l43 tee'
west Of the west line Of Locust
street. aud the filling on said Sey'
Iepteenth street extending from wal
| nut street to Pine street all IN Sai'
city Of Cairo, Illinois, under OrdI'
nance No. no Of said city OF cairo
adopted December lith and approy,
ed December 18th, 1906, as VIII
more fully appear from the certl-
fled copy of the judgment on me
lin my office; that the warrant ioi
the collection OF such special as
| sessment is in the hands OF the un-
dersigned.
The Cairo bulletin., 1912-01-22

|ond day of January, A y. 1908 aid
has been paid
The third instalIment Of said
snccial assessment IL for the sum of
Two Thousand t200G) Dollars, and
the said ihstaliment became and was
| due and payable on the second day
# January, A. p. 1910. and has
been paid
/ TIE foarth installment OF said
sneeia assessment Ii for the sum OF
/ Two Thousand fs90o) Dolara. and
| the said inatallTent became and
was due and payahlc on the second
lay of January, A. p. 1911, and has
been paid
The fifth installment OF said
! special assessment Ii for the sum OF
Two Thousand (20001 Dollars. and
tho said instaliment became and was
due and payable on the second day
# January a d, 1912, and Is now
due and unpaid,
The sixth installment Of said
| 1peclal assessment is for the sum of
Two Thousand i2000) Dollars, and
the said installment becomes due
md PAYABLE on the second day. sof
Tqnuary. A. y, 1913
The seventh installment Of said
special assessment originally was
I the suia Of Two Thousand (2000l
+ Dollars. hut the said installment has
J been reduced the sum OF Two Hum
i ldred t20f) Dollars by the judgment
# the county court of the County OF
: Alexander Illinois, and the amount
;, VI said installment is now the sum
of Eighteen Hundred t1800) Dol
d lars, and the said installment be-
i ONES due and payable on the sec
d nd day of January, A. D. 1914.
T. The eighth installment Of said
+ snocial assessment originally was
!. the sum of Two Thousand t200o)
Dollars hut the said installment has
!. yeen reduced the sum of Nine Hun
# lred (900l Dollars by the judg-
d -nent Of the county court of the
4 County Of Alexander. illinois, and
= the amount Of said installment is
!, now the sum OF Eleven Hundred
Ifil00) Dollars, and the said in
d tallment becomes due and payable
i III the sec9aa day OF January, A.
d y. 1915.
/ The ninth and tenth installments
= 1f said special assessment original
Z " we're the sum OF Two Thousand
20nnl Dollars each. but each ol
= said installments has been reduced
,f the sum OF Eight Hundred (800i
d Dollars by the JUDGMENT Of tbs
/ 0unty court OF the County Of Alex
v qnder. Illinois, and the amount oi
y each Of said installments is now thf
A. SIM Of of Twelve Hundred ti200l
Dollars, and the said installment:
rs bpcome due and payable on the sec
,r and day of January. A.. ID 1916 ant
~ the second day of January A. y
"A 1877, respectively, and each and al
le Of said six unpaid instruments bea
4 interest at the rate Of five per ent
I ser annnm from the 10th day Q
T. September. A. d. 1907 payable an
of nually at the same time that TN
y said several installments becom
? due and payable, respectively
~ All persons interested are hereb,
~ notified to call and pay the amoun
or assessed, at the City Treasurer AM
III Collectors office, at the First BAN
,a and Trust Company's Bank, NOS
he 609-6ll Ohio street, in the city Q
~ Cairo. Illinois. within thirty $50
lays from the date hereof.
he Dated this Sth day OF January, A
", n 1919. JAMES QUINN,
ad city Treasurer and Collector
The Cairo bulletin., 1912-01-22
, SPECIAL ASSESSMENT NOTICE.
Special Warrant No. 8.

Notice: Public notice Is hereby
satven that the county court or Alex
ander county, Illinois, has rendered
al jud dgment for a.special assessment
mon property 4benefited by the fol-
lowing Improvement; For the con-
strnction of vitrified tile pipe sew
org house connections and lnlets
and brick manholes in Douglas
street, Fourteenth street, F11teehth
street. Cedar street, Locust street,
pine street, and Jefferson ave
uue in the city OF Cairo,
Illinois, and for filling said streets
and avenue with earth, from lot
line to lot line, and to the grade OF
sqid streets and avenue, as estab-
lished by ordinance, the sewer IN
said Douglas street extending from
manhole constructed in WaShlhg-
ton avenue. thiay-four (3D feet
eaet or the west line Of Washington
avenue 10 point two hundred ahd
five (gOs) feet west of the west
lime Of Locust street, and the I'LL
jnp on said Douglas street extend
ing from Walnut street to Jefferson
avenue; the sewer III SAID -FOUR
teen street extending from the man
hole in the present Fourteenth
4treGt sewer nine 60 feet west OF
the east line of Poplar street to
point two hundred and ten C21o)
feet west of the west line OF Locust
street. and the filling on said Four
,eenth street extending from Wal
nut street to Jefferson avenue; the
sewer in said Fifteenth street OK
tending from the terminus Of The
The Cairo bulletin., 1912-01-22

What's the trouble with that prim&
donna2 asked the manager. "ShT
used to be very plea sst and consider.
ate" "Yes." replied the stage man
ager, but she has gotten 30 she be-
Iieves all the press agent writes about
her"
The Cairo bulletin., 1912-01-22

The process of making salt at the
springs in Salinas Mexico. is very
simple. The water, which contains
4 to per cent. salt. is pumped into
tanks; 1t is then evaporated to rs to
28 per cent, beginning to crystallizs
at IS per cent. The water is then
drained off ana the salt swept out
The Cairo bulletin., 1912-01-22

Peggy-Silly boy? Why did you
take me seriously? Though my words
we're severe, you must have seen that
| was smiling.
keggy-Well, your mouth Ia 30
small that didn't notice 1t.
The Cairo bulletin., 1912-01-22
SPECIAL ASSESSMENT NOTICE
Special Warrants No. 5,

Notice. Public notice ID hereby
given that the county court of AleN
ander county. Illinois, has RENDERED
Judgments for special tax and /
The Cairo bulletin., 1912-01-22
SPECIAL ASSESSMENT NOTICE
Special Warrants No. 4.

Notice: Public notice is hereb
given that the county court Of Alex
ander county, Illinois, has fendere
The Cairo bulletin., 1912-01-22

Science CT Politics
Politics NY the science OF keeping
citizens happy.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-04-09
OREGON HISTORY
BEING WRITTEN
CENTENNIAL wRITE.UP on THIS
STATE FOR WHICH ADVISORY
BOARD OF THIS SECTION ~.
CLUDEs CAPT q. &. ApPLEGATE

Joseph CASTOR is writing a Cen
.tennial History Of Oregon" and for
the work has secured an advisory
board for the Southern and South
eastern Oregon section. which in
cludes Captain o. G. Applegate OF
this city. The board consists OF the
following: George II, Hines OF Multi
nomah county. for twonty-six years
secretary OF the Oregon Pioneer Aso-
citation; Hon. Orvil Dodge OF Curry
county. author Of the Pioneer History
'of Coos and Curry Counties; Hon.
Blnger Herman OF Douglas county.
attorney. legislator. congressman and
commissioner OF the general land Of
fce; Hon. william Colvlg OF Jackson
county, attorney, legislator. railroad
commissioner and n historian OF the
Indian war; Captain q. G. Applegatc
OF Klamath county. on the firing line
In the Indian wars. for many years
Indian agent. n recognized authority
on historical questions Of Southern
Oregon: Judge Bernard Daiy OF Lake
county. physician and surgeon, legis-
lator. banker. county Judge. and
known and esteemed far and wide for
his knowledge OF public and histor
ical affairs.
A prospectus has been received by
Captain Applegate. which says:
'The year OF 1911 marks the CEN
tennial anniversary OF the settlement
Of the state OF Oregon. with the ex-
ception OF Massachusetts and vir-
glnia, no other OF the .forty-eight
states OF the Union possess the orig
inal and remarkable history that dis
tinguishes this state. as the pioneer
OF states carrying civilization across
the continent TO the Great Pacific.
and finally closing the world-round
race OF Saxon blood. lineage and laws
In its all-conquering career from the
Caucasian mountains OF Asia to the
confines Of the Western hemisphere.
where farthest West confronts the
farthest East. To have been a step
ping stone even in the grand conquest
Of the earth would have been imper-
ishable honor for all time. But to
be. as history must record. the chief
factor Of this great evolutionary de-
velopment Of mans career one one
tenth OF the circumference OF the
globe In point Of space. and one-afth
OF mans career In point OF progress.
Is not more than the Just measure Of
the history OF our Oregon. To record
and preserve this history and main
tain its achieved results is the duty OF
OF 1912"
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-04-09
lowed to speak unl.s. h. paid go

lowed to speak unless hs paid sio
for the privilege,
The po,itica, ssp,ran,s were all
anxious to make themselves heard,
and nine or ton parted with tho coin
demanded. Among those who paid
prc Circuit Judge Morrow aud Dis
trict Attorney Cameron, Some OF tho
speakers who were n little slow IN
leaving the hal, saw tho audience
buying beer with money contributed
by the various bright lights OF pos'
tiles.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-04-09
tOr State senator

hereby announce myself az a can
didate for tho Office OF State SEN
11Pr In the Seventeenth Senatorial
btrlct. including klamath. Crook
,Sjpmd Lake counties. on the Repub-
N'ican ticket. subject to the will Of
The voters at tho primaries to be
held on 18th day OF April. 1912.
w, LAIR THOMPSON.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-04-09
N(vIC,E

There are funds In the city treas
ury FOR tho redemptiop OF warrants
protested up to and Including Aug
rst =. 1908. Interest viii csns'
from date hereof
Dated N. .Kiamsth Falls. Ore. this
2i,h day Of Narch. isia.
wv, siEMENs.
City Treasurer.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-04-09

We have some very desirable 9Th
street property for saIe-Stephen
Hunter realty Co.
Temple tneateI. MptIncr daily. 1850
.. m. Evening. frst Derforlnabcr.
I:i5. continuous
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-04-09
Eor County Treasurer


I EerVDy announce ~! sioi rs 10 chhdi'
date for the nomination for Trcar-
urcr Of klamath County on the Re-
PUBLICAN ticket, subject to the VIII
of the people at primary election
10 be held ON April 10. 1914. JAY
MANNING.
l hereby announce myself ~ . cand!-
date for the nomination for Treas
urcr OF Klamath County on the
Democratic ticket. subject to the
viii Of the people at primary cleo
tion to be held on April 10. 1919.
c u. DAGGETT.
| hereby announce myself candidate
for the Republican nomination for
tho Office OF County Treasurer. sub
ject To the will Of the voters ut tho
primary election To be held on
April 10. 1919. 4. CAsTEL.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-04-09

| bvrcb. announce my self u candidate
for the nomination for Assessor Of
klamath county on the Democratic
ticket. subject to the will Of the
people at the primary election to
be held on April 10. 1919. J. r.
LEE.
hereby announce myself n cAndidat,
for the republican nomination for
County Assessor. subject TO the will
OF the voters at the primary elec.
tion to be held on April 10. 1912.
X. c. COWLEY.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-04-09

hereby announce myself candidate
for the nomination for sheriff on
the Democratic ticket. subject 10
the will OF the voters at the pri-
mary election to be held on April
10, 1912. 8. l.. WALKER.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-04-09

Foe (,oU,Wee

hereby announce myself a candidate
for tho Democratic nomination for
Coroner. subject 10 tho will OF tho
,r,srs ut tho primary election to he
Na'd on April ~. 1919. EARL
wUTTLOCK.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-04-09

hereby announce myself . candidate
for the Republican nomination for
Justice of the Peace foi i.inkviile
precinct. subject 10 the will Of the
voters at the primary election to be
held on April 10. 1919. W. "
SHAW.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-04-09
ros school ss,rstAsrasl-at

hereby announce myself . candidate
for the nominAtion for County
School superintendent Of klamath
county on the Republican ticket.
subject TO tho will Of the voters at
tho primary election to bs held
April 10. 1919, FRED PETER.
SON.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-04-09

hereby announce myself II candl-
date for county commissioner on
the Repu' lican ticket, subject to
the VIII OF the people at the prI-
mary election TO be held on Aprl,
10, 1912 JOHN HAGELsTEIN.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-04-09

For Constable

sereby announce myself candidate
- Tor the nomination on the Repub.
iican ticket for Constable for Link.
Vile district. subject TO the will Of
the voters at tho primary election
to be held on April 10. 1919
JOHN q. 6CHALLOCK.
l hereby announce myself candidate
for the nomination for Constable
for Linkvills District on the Rspub.
lican ticket. subject to the will Of
the people at the primary election
10 be held on April 10. 1919. WILL
q. WILSON
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-04-09
For Prosecuting Attorney

For District Attorney for klamath
and Lake counties. Oregon. on the
Republican ticket, JOHN IRWIN.
subject 10 the primary nomination
to be held on April 10, 1919.
hereby respectfully announce my.
self u candidate for the republican
nomination for Prosecuting Attor.
ney for Klamath and Lake coun-
ties. subject to the will Of the vot-
ers ut tho primary election to bs
held on tn. 18th Of April. 1919.
ID. v. KUYKENDALL.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-04-09
Fog sheriff


] hereby announce myself . candidate
for the Republican nomination for
Sheriff Of klamath county. subject
to the will OF the voters nj the pri.
mary el ;tion to be held April 10.
1912. OSCAR L. CARTER.
B. 81. George Bishop hereby an
nounces himself as a candidate for
Sheriff on tho Democratic ticket.
subject TO tho action OF the voters
at the primary election 10 be held
on the 10Th day Of April, 1912.
! hereby announce myself csndi-
date for the nomination for sheriff
on the Republican ticket. subject
to the will Of the voters At the pri-
mary election to be held on April
10 1919. G. C. Low.
l hereby announce myself a candidate
for the nomination for Sheriff OF
on the Republican ticket. subject to
the will OF the voters ut the pri-
mary election to be held on Aprii
10. 1912. b. s. GRIGSBY.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-04-09
For County C0m,nissi0ncr

hereby announce myself a candidate
for the nomination for County Com
missioner on the Democratic ticket,
subject TO the will Of the voters At
the primary election TO be held OF
April 10. 1912. JAMES II. DIXON.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-04-09

I hereby announce myself - . cand'.
date for County School 6uperia-
tcndent on the Republican ticket.
subject TO the viii Of the voters at
the primary election TO be held on
April 10, 1919. w. q SLOUGH
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1912-04-09
Money Invested
10 Home Brings
You Real Rewards

that cannot BE- measured alone
In dollars and cents. There's
satisfaction In knowing you
have . home when possibly
all other investments fail-it
gives you feeling OF security
and demands the recognition OF
your fellow townsmen. because
BY building you show your faith
In the future OF the community.
And every community Is known
BY its deeds. You can help and
at the same time help yourself.
A home investment is always
the most meritorious. and loss
10 less likely because you are
dealing In values you under
stand and with people you
know. We have supplied the
lumber for the homes Of many
Of your friends who are now on
the road TO success. and want
to talk with you whenever you
are ready.