Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1912-02-13
THRONE ACCEPTS REPUBLIC
All Conditions Arranged by Premier
Are Accepted,
INSTRUCTIONS TO ALL vICER0YS
Officers Are Told to Preserve Order
Throughout Land.
THIRD EDICT CAUSES SURPRISE
II Had Been Expected Manchu.
Would Demand Concessions that
Would Protect Ancient
Privileges.

| PEkING, Feb. 12.-China TO-DAY Joined
the sisterhood Of the worlds republics
In three imperial edicts the Manehu dy'
nasty changed 4oO,OoO,ooo from subjects oi
an absolute ruler TO citizens Of the lsrg'
est self-governing nation on the earth.
The first edict announced the sbdica'
tIon Of the dynasty after 800 years oi
absolute rule. The second declared that
the throne accepted the republic: the
third approved an Of the conditions
agreed on by Premier Yuan Shi Kal and
the republicans.
The third edict created great astonish'
ment. II had been expected the Manchus
would demand conditions which would
safeguard many of their privileges, bu,
according TO report. the surrender Is un'
conditional. The edlct informed the
vlceroys and provincial governors Of the
retirement of the throne from political
power and instructed them to continue
doing their duty and 10 preserve order
throughout the land.
End of Msnchu Dynasty.
The abdication Of the Chinese throne
by Puyi. the child emperor, brings to an
end the powerful Msncnu dynasty which
mas reigned In China since 1874.
The boy ruler has been on the throne
since November H. 1905, when the en-
peror Kwang-Su. his uncle. died. His
father. Prince Chun. was appointed
regent and was the chief figure In China
for three years.
Surrounded by a large number oil
princes OF the imperial clan and Manchu
officials with reactionary ideas. the
regent was brought face to face with a
revolutionary movement In favor OF mod
ern reforms. He endesvored to placate
both parties, but ended by causing gen
eral dissatisfaction which led to his
resignation on December s. 1911.
The promise Of a constitutional govern
ment made by the dowager empress on
her deathbed In 1908 was not falfilled in
any way until May. last year, In that
..aaaih- -lmnexial .ndleis -aholl llahed -.ths
old grand council which, together with
the court held absolute power. and sub
stituted constitutional cabinet.
Revolt Begins in south,
Revolutionary ideas had been spread.
ing In the meantime and the southern
provinces declared against the continue
ton Of Manchu rule and broke into open
revolt After much fighting the revolu'
tionists proclaimed a republic at Nan
king in December and DR. sun Vat Sen
accepted the presidency on December ~
Negotiations between the republicans
and the imperialists followed and an ar
mistice was arranged. This was not
strictly observed, but the negotiations
continued with the result that the Manchu
rulers. seeing that China proper was al
most entirely in favor Of the republican
idea and that the outlying dependencies
OF Tibet. Turkestan. Mongolia and Man
churia were breaking away. decided that
II was the best policy to yield to the popu-
lar demand and abdicate from power.
General Les CrItiossfS III.
SHANGHAI. Feb. 12,-Genersl Homer
Lea, the American officer who has been
acting as adviser TO DR.. sun Vat Sen. the
president Of the Chinese republic, is in a
critical condition. lie has been unoon'
scious for some time.
Battle Fought Near su-Cbow-An!
LONDON. Feb. 12-The imperialist
army under the command OF General
Chang Hsun, which has been in contact
with the republican troops for some days,
was today routed with serious loss by the
republicans in the neighbOrhood Of su-
Chow-An, in the province Of Anhwel
According to a special dispatch received
here today from Shanghai the republican
troops mined the groud In front Of their
entrenchments. Then, by feinting a re-
treat. they inveigled the imperialists &c
follow them over the mined ground and
when a large body Of them were as
sembled the republicans exploded the
mines. The Imperiallst srmy sustained
heavy casualties and lost many Of thell
field guns.
General Chang Hsusn. their commander
took refuge In a railroad car and escaped
toward su-Chown-Fu.
Asks Immediate Recognition.
SAN FRANCISCO. Feb. IAN sppea
for immediate recognition Of the Chimes,
republican government was sent to Presi,
dent Taft and Secretary OF State Knol
today by Tong King chons and wonl
sam Ark. in behalf of the Chinese re-
public association. from the headquarters
Of that organization In this-city.
Tong chong is editor Of a Chimes.
paper and Wong Sam Ark represents III,
Chinese Free Masons.
WASHINGTON. Feb. 2.-Dr. sun Yai
Sen, first president Of the Chinese rs'
public. is a natursliEed American. tn,
Department Of Commerce and Labor SC
held in 1904 on the ground that Dr. Sur
had been born in the Hawaiian Islands
had been endowed with American citizen.
ship by the act Of lsoo, which provided 9
government for Hawaii and declared all
citizens Of the territory TO be citizens oi