davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

Thc following Senior essays were
read. Monday. at the morning exer-
cises at the Cony High school: Ma
eawber Club" Evelyn Wilson: Chop
in" Hazel Gage; Foreign Immigra.
tion,,f' Stanley Chernowsky.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07
REST ANp HEALTH TO MOTHER ANp Child.

MRS. WINsLow's SOOTHING SYRUP has been
usedfor over SIXTY YEARS by MILLIONS of
MOTHERS for their CHILDREN WHILE
TEETHING. with PERFECT SUCCESS. 1t
SOOTHESs the CHILD. SOFTENS the GUMS,
ALI,AYS all PAIN CURES WIND collie, and
is tire best remedy for DIARRHd.A. 1t is abb
soutciy harmless Be sure and ask for :" Mrs.
Wirsiow's Soothing Syrup,' and take no other
kind. Twenty-Five cents bottle.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

Chief John A. Buckley has made arr
rangements with the L., A. & w. for
special car to take the members of
tie Maine Fire Chiefs Association to
the National Home some time during
the day. Wednesday. The use of the
car has been given the firemen free by
the Electric Road and it VIII be placed
N their disposal at any time during
the day that they may desire.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

The Nurses Alumni Association will
meet, at $40 P. M., Tuesday. with Miss
katheryn Jones, at the home of Mrs
c. J. Lincoln, 80 Stone street 1t is de-
sired that every member attend this
meeting.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

The following birth was recorded.
monday. at the Office of the city
clcrls: May !, to MIR. and Mrs. Bern
ard Jessings, a daughter, Charlotte
NIargeret.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

The regular session of. Augusta
Lodge, No. 964. s. P. E. Elks, will be
held at s p. NJ, Thursday, May g.
The business of the session will con-
.sistz in receiving and referring appli-
cations and balloting for candidates.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

c. E. Hoxie &c Co. are putting a rs
foot extension ON Capital Garage, near
the Augusta House, operated by FL
field Bros.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

The Coffee party at City hall which
closed. Saturday evening, was given
under the auspices of the Society st.
Jean Baptiste, instead of st. Angus
tines church. The proceeds will be
added to the fund which the society
is raising for the St Johns day cell
ebration, in June
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

William II. MeCaffrey and Octavia
H. Farris, both of this city We're mar
ried, Saturday afternoon, by City Clerk
r. E. Newbert.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

Wallace Nutting of Southbury,
Conn. was in the city. Monday, hay
ing been called to Manchester by the
death of his uncle, the late Joseph
S. Fifeld
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

Howard studio. formerly Burgess,
is making photos at reduction from
one-quarter to one-half former prices
TO make room for his new stock See
his add.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

Demonstration lecture. Tuesday aft
ernoon, at St Marks Parish house by
Carolyn Putnam Weber on Cooking
With Gas" Program: Crumbed pork
outlets, souhise sauce; planked fish, or
arge honey biscuit: orange honey.
plain paste; cream horns: fig pie;
cream baskets; cream and fruit. Free
tn all
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

Tickets to the May Festival, Thurs
day evening. Nav 3. at City hall, can
he exchanged. Wednesday morning. at
john Coughlin's drug store for reserved
seats
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07
TheophiIe Desharmais,

Theophile Desharnais died, Monday,
in this city. aged IS years. The re-
mains viii be taken to Watersille,
Tuesday forenoon, for burial
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

Monibers of Queen Temple. Pythian
Sisters. will please note the change of
date for regular meeting which will
be held. this (Tuesday) evening, at
30
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

The Delta Phi Society of cony High
school will meet at 80 p. M, Tuesday,
at the Society rooms at Cony Hign
school. Alumni members are requested
to attend.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

! The lady visitor from the Hospital
Ladies' Aid TO the Augusta General
| hospital for MAY is Mrs. Brian c. Rob-
| crts, II Summer street
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

Mrs. Laura Glazier. formerly of this
city, but now of North Adams, Mass.
returned home. Monday, after passing
a short visit with friends in Augusta
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

Tho E. e. Newbert agency has sold
the Harry Griffith place on Church
Hill road To- Martha A. Merrill of this
city.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07
Daily kennebee Jcurna.
LOCAL BRIEFS.

Albert cartaret left, Monday, for
Boston, where he will visit friends.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

The remains of John Jess. whose
death occurred. May A, in this city.
were taken on the fo.i8 p NJ train.
Monday. TO the home of the deceased
at Vest Fitchbufg, Mass. for burial
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07
LOCAL NOTICE.

Mrs. Annette Pettingill Conyers of
Maiden, Mass, will hold a circle at
Mrs. Pishon's, Melville street. at
7.45. Tuesday evening, The public is
invited. may7dft
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

w. c. Jackson, public carriage driver,
has moved from Gannett street, to 101
Capital street Telephone, 295-M
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

Robert r, Partridge landed hand
some trout, Sunday. at cobbosseecon-
tee. When taken from the water the
fish weighed ~ pounds.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

Calanthe Lodge, X. of p, will work
the rank of Esquire, Wednesday eve
ming.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

Henry c. Thyng of Prospect street
was showing to friends. Monday. enc
of the handsomest strings of brook
trout that have been brought into town,
lhls spring.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

Eugene Haskell of this city has
gone to Portland for few days.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-05-07

Mrs. II. c. True of High street went
to Winterport, Monday. TO attend the
funeral of relative
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-12-31

Frost bites, ehapp.nrs, cha6ngs. red,
rough and tender faces and hands,
rcEemas, itchings and irritations ind
dental 20 winter sports are promptly
relieved BY warm baths with Cutl-
um Soap. followed by gentle ap-
phcatons OF Cuticura Ointment.
IaarHa Haaa aad 0.aEmull nsld ursaEArul a.
aH AanHaI aEwrn RI go warsI 49, wHa
faan hHa hHnFaw "HHuaFn UeHs az nussun
- eHs,eFanne9 wHn save d aanIs.rf va Dusta
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-12-31
OPEN HOUSE At
Y. NJ. c. A. WILL
OPEN NEW YEAR
aYMNAsIUM EVENTS. CALENDAR
SHOW. BUSINESS MEN PLAYING
voLLEY BALL AND MUSIC As
ATTRACTIONS.

New Years day VIII be- observed ~
'orfu houHe" at the Pensacola Y. n.
g t0fgarroW.
win Grorts Tor iuniort. seniors and
adults enc calendar show and other
Interesting things includinE a game ~
fouey ball hy the business men. the
dar VIII he brImful ~ interest
A. 8 O'Clock Deb thc morning four
junior teams wiu begin warming up Tor
two games that start at 8.19 O'Clock IN
che gymnasium.
ADD. m. two teams ~ the seniors
wIn play "a double header ut basket
ball
A. G.10 g. m. two teams comprising
tua.uraa men WII take tHo noor Ger a
game &C voifrT haH
During fhe evening the juniors WI
give demonstration of class work.
The calendar show iu thc Boys de-
THrfmrnt promises tn attract many
visitors and DO Is probable thar there
NIH De- musical program.
Ff.fndE az ne uFToriafian vii be
welcomed sy thr association all dav.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-12-31
Try Thfs Honle-Mads
Cough Remedy
Cost. LITTLE, Bet Dee. the work
autckly, o. Moneg Hefunded

Xix one pint Of graduated sugar with
u pant ~ warm water. and STIR for 2
minutes. Put pa ounces % Plnex lhfty
cents worth iu pant bottle then add
the Sugar syrup. lake a teaspooniul
eYery one, tWa % three hours.
You will hnd that this simple rem-
edy takes hald ~ a cough more quickly
than anything else YOU eter used. ~.
ally ends a deep SEATED c0unh inside
% a hours. splendid. too, for whoup-
ing cough, Group. chest ralnk, hrourhi-
ia and gthar throat troubles. 7t stim-
uiates thr appetite and ia eighty lax
alive, which helps ena a onugh.
This recipe makes more and better
cough syrup than you could bay ready
made Cor $3.50, IL keeps perfectly and
tastes pleasantly.
pineK u the most valuable concen-
trnted compound az Norway white pine
extract, and T. rich In guaiacol and ell
the natural pine elements which are 90
healing % the membranes. other prep
arations viii not work In this formula.
This plan 81 making cough syrup with
PinHx ans sugar syrup Tor strained
honeyl has proven - popular through
Out The United States and Canada that
% b often Initiated. But the old. sue.
cesEful formula hss never been equaied
a guaranty ~ ABSOLUTE satisfactiou
0r money promuilv refunded. goea with
this recipe Your druggist has pineE o.
Pinex Co. r. Wayne, Ind
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-12-31
GREEKS CHEER
AS THEY LEAVE
FOR NEW YORK
THlRTY -oNE DEPART FROM PEN.
sAcoLA TO ENLIST ~ TIE WAR
AGAINST TIE TURKS.

Thirty-onc Greeks left thc city last
night Tor New York. where they will
boar q steamer for their home coun-
cry and enlist iu the war against wur-
keY The Greeks checred Pensacola
and mo United States a. the train
pulled cut from the union depot The
boys were in 8ne spirits and anxious %
reach the shores of their native land
and take up arms IN defense of their
cause.
Before departing they sent word 90
The Journal thanking the paper FOR
the fair treatment always accorded
them while in this city, and wishes Be-
success.
With ,hc departure 81 the party last
night about is0 Greeks from ths local
colony have eune Go the front and o.
number 90 those to leave in the hrst
party have participated in several en-
EaEemrufs
A large number accompanied tSE
Greeks 30 The depot last night and babe
them farewell
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-12-31

defendants % De- guilty ~ murder but
Trey are not charged with that crime
end thIH court cannot punish them
f1r It nor should 90 b. Influenced hy
surh consideration In fixing the meas
arr GO punishment Coz the crimes
.larEfI
arbe certainty of Punishment. not
Itr severity. or the important cone
sIlTrafHu Or fH. administration 90
criminal Justice SuCl punishment
should be- melted out aH shall warn
others that even 81 they desire t8
accomplish IawfHl ends they must NOT
violate che law m th. attempt 90
realize them. KrrpIuE these consid-
sTaflaua u Fieu tho court must re-
press thar Indignation which every
lHw-HhIdiuE citizen materially .rriF no
tbe crimes which TIRE sEIacuee iu thIs
case disclosed in addition to those Cor
which fHr defendants have been f1unH
EuIltr and az near aE may Pee IHs-
sihIr eanHnc fhr punishment within
fU proper scope
Referring Co fha iron workers strike
which began m 1905 and which the
government charged was the motive
which prompted John j. McNamaTa
fn usr dynamite AZ q weapon IudEs
Anderson said the strike was attended
HE riekcunE. then uy sluEE.nE and
riots tis added
CAMPAIGN o. DYNAMlTtNC.
.Eut in 1905. "a campaign by dTna-
hitting was lnaunufatcd and beginning
with explosions In mo cast and eK-
tending from the Atlantic o. she Pa
..uc continued until the arrest ~ the
McNHmaraH anu McMauigai iu APRIL
1911 The evidence lu this case
shows that almost I40 explosions.
lamaHinz and destroying structures iu
process a. erection h1. and machinery
uf open shop concerns took place.
eliminating on the nrst day % Oc-
fnbcr. 1919 Iu the destruction uf the
Los Angeles Times building and the
murder of twenty zone people Every
Quo 0f these explosions was done on
tEe work ~ open shop concerns ard
Ua explosion Is shown Co have taken
place upon any closed shop sob. since
sne arrest og tire NeNamaras and Nc
NaH.EHL these explosions have ceased.
"TbIs system OF destruction was
uat carried ua far revenge 90 iu obcdl-
ruce f0 auT other human passion. but
fJr tIc deliberate purpose, By a VERT
table reign % terror. t1 enforce com
pliance with the demands Of tho iron
workers upon the open end closed shop
question
TvsIsm1e and Clancy o. san Fran.
cisco and Muuscy of Salt Lake city
we're repeatedly charged by The dis
tricf attorney durInE the trial with
having committed Efaver charges than
those upon which they were being
tried
rTFeItmHe. tHr man who paid the
fvuamltrrE Cor work Ca che Parihr
coast who asked Tor more explosions
even after tHs tweuty-one persons were
killed ought NOE 90 br here on trial
ZOE HEHamuuE Ue ouEht t1 be- out
there an tHa coast uu trial Cor mur-
Ier was .u &c District Attorney MU-
1 T.rH statements H Irr court records
$50 ought EIaur. end 81 ought ALUM
sFH. .H. man who far 1870 weeks aar-
Z bored James H M- Namta IH saIi
Lake city These men 0Hshs 90 be- iu
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-12-31
TAkEN FRoM cElLs.

san Quentin prison In California aionE
with the McNamaras right now
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-12-31

Of sentences 70 was rdered that an
spectators should be- cleared from the
room and the prisoners Do allowed ig
taIE uith members a. sheir families
Some 0f thc men made pleas for
mercy. others wept On tae arms -
their wives. Bot che court pronounced
the sentences one By enc regardless
1s tho pleas
si2 men we're givsn their liberty
through suspended sentences. These
Included Edward clark 81 Cincinnati
the dyunmit-r who confessed 90 blow
ing up a bridge with the help of
Hockln. ne had appeared as witness
Tor the government
OrtIc r. Mechanical another con-
fessed dvnamlter was NOT sentenced
90 this time
m some caaea sentences % one year
and one dBv were imposed. - thar
these men might be confined On fed
erai prison. Prisoners with terms UE
lees fhan one year are kept In county
iaiH
scdcraI Judge Anderson ned many
20 the prisoners with whom De said
he considered lees ruilty than tae
others brought before him 90 make
statements.
Tor au hour and a raf TIE Judge
t1ur ln conversational way talked
VITA prisoners. asking tacm whether
they believed tn dynamit.ug a. a
method of promoting a strike
All ~ the men urnfcsHed innocence
~ hope God wil strike me dead"
pleaded one prisoner. but De was In
corrupted by the oourt
For the thirty-eirht men convicted
sentences we're imposed a. follows
one prisoner received seven wears.
EiEht prisoners received SIX years
each.
Two prisoners received four years
each.
Twelve prisoners received three years
each.
Pour prisoncrs received two years
each
Six prisoners received ono year and
enc day each.
Rive prisoners were given their Iib-
/ erty throuEh suspended sentences
Edward Clark. Cincinnati though Dc
| pleaded guilty. was given suspended
sentence. making total Of thirty
nine prisoners disposed o.
The entire proceedings in court az
climax AZ t0 The three months dyua-
hitting conspiracy trial. required only
two hours from The time court opened
shortly after l0 a. m. Co a few minutes
after the noon hour
COURT MAKES STATEMENT.
Before Judre Anderson passed SEN
[ tence he said be desired t0 read a
statement he reviewed tho history
. 81 the dynamite conspiracy 80 well as
I thc evidence introduced end said
'This scheme or campaign 80 dyna-
W ing vas catered into and carried
On throunhouf the country from fnF
Atlantic 90 TIE pacIuc
The evidence disCl1EeE an apuaIIna
- 81 crimes Coz addition fa tb1HT
7 esIrEe1 n IRE indictments. These
. rrimeH were en- committed .u fhs
+ as.aa af ORGANIZED anor. Z WII mo-.
4 aelhrs that afuniErd .ahor approves
I aI u.H practices.
.a.. organization fEHf approves and
aa ure frr methods 20 these defend.
ants Is Hu outlaw and aIr meet fH.
f.fr whirE outlaws HaT. met sine.
u llrIIHH4 society began
The evidence shows some Hf .geH.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-12-31
PASTIME CLUB
LOSES SIEBERT
RESIGNS AS MANAGER AFTER A
DISAGREEMENT WITH oIREc.
TORS OVER CLUB MATTERS.

Karl slrbert. largest Htockaolder 20
the pastimc Athletic Club. resigned AZ
manager Yesterday when he and mem
hers ~ the directorate had disagree
ment about club matters
News 81 Eiehert'a action was rocoiv-
- with regret last niFht by many "a
me members. a number freely prc.
dlcted that - wouldn't abide By his
resignation and that d. would D. hack
this time neat week. Hc said that Il 2
probable be viii but that IL viii ne un-
der a system different from that under
which ae loft.
Sichert claims that the directors did
not back him in his inslstancc ~ Cor-
tain things he thought were not being
done in tae best Interests ~ the or
sanitation as a social Institution.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-12-31

TAKEN FROM CELLS.
shortly before the hour Tor recon
teninE court the prisoners were taken
from their cells. handcunsd between
deputy marshals and iu wagons care
ricd 10 the federal building i've blocks
away
A. the federal building few people
Frsstrd the men. These were the wives
and the women relatives who Tor forty
eight hours have paced The distance
between tac SAN and the court with
their appeals % see the prisoners
In the court room tho prisoners we're
SEATED IN three rows u chairs according
% the alphabetical arrangement q
their names
The inference from this was taat the
men would be called alphabetically
when sentences are Imposed. Hereto
fore they we're permitted 60 ct where
they pleased.
Judge Anderson was in his cham
tera rariy prepared 60 impose sen
fences should they not Be delayed ~
motions and arguments.
The appearance ~ 80 many men. Ell
awaiting 90 learn how long they were
rH hr deprived 90 liberty and each un-
certain 0f De-. was that - q crowd which
VAS about 90 witness some fatal hap
peninr
Back iu the last row Tveirmoc. who
was directly accused 20 aiding IN the
destruction % the Ice Angeles Times
building was handed a large package %
mail hy United states Marshal
schmidt The prisoner who had gone
through the three months trial pre-
occupied either Ga q book % poetry or
wita notes % the proceedings now
glanccd hurricdly through tho mall.
then placing t on the floor. began 90
rock back and forth in bic chair
Philip a. Cooley. New Orleans, asked
permission 90 send out @ messenger
boy FOR chewing tobacco.
'FarreliH action en- trying - keep
certain ofhcials in tho Iron workers
Uuion might be- construed two ways. p
said District Attorney Miller
TAKE INNOCENT WAY.
Then We win take the Innocent
way said Judge Anderson. "a have
been on the bsnvh ten years and have
never sentenced q man I believed tn
nocont"
This man Farrell e. one % ths least
guilty 90 them an and had ~ had prup-
found not guilty" said Mr Miiler.
Farrell is from New York and was
once a board member n the Iron
Workers Union. Tie was told % re-
sumo his seat
James Coouey. Chicago. next appear
I'd before the court
Coonoy was questioned whether he
had written any letters about dynamite
plots lie said he never Rad. and Mr.
Miller said no letter % Cooney'E had
been introduced because there were
none ~ importance
Why should Ortle " McManiKai
testify against rour' asked the court
u don't know WY ho should an
swered Cooney.
do you believe that Organized labor
has the rirht 90 resort % violence in
Its strikes asked thr court
"a 40 not" said Convey
Asked whether there was any evil
dfnce aFniust Cooney other than Nc
ManiEara testimony. Mr. Miller said
three witnesses corrohorntrd McManl-
gal
NcManigars testimony was that a
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-12-31

Word had been received ~ fhr n.
apcctor ~ the electric urht system thei
an overhead wire had fallen down ia =
crowded street The inspector hetooh
himself o. fho spot aa uuleifiy aA ~
could
When b. arrived De- found the IN
cvitahlo crowd handling tho wlre in a
most careless manner "a. kilr, no acs
cideuts had occurred
Gazing ar at the nearest man who
happened % be- an friahman. be ahs
monish6d him severely m FraVe iQatM
you took 4 gravo risk" said the o..
spcctor. You had ~ right Co toa-a
that wire Why. man. a. you know
sou might have been Killed 0ufrlgtt
by the shock
The iriahman looked at TIE imHrcctor
with a knowing AIR.
"Ah." said De-. "a was mighty careful
F0rFl SURE. and I fclt d carefully he.
fore took hold of iU"-Cierrisrf
Leader
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-12-31
HOTEL ARRIVALS.

san GaTlna--F. nearit. New Orleans n
Gun. Mobile 81 Henri. Auamtn. Ca. W
D bFruH. 81 Louis a. G bacon. Eavau-
nah a. a. Goldsmith. Onto. ~ ~ West.
Milton. VI & Bell and vile Athens. j
~ hfk ~ Louis, Charles NJ noosfrotn.
~ Paul W AZ. CLARK. Owasao. Ala 81
81 hefr.n. Mobile ii 81 Martin. Iark.
con. AiTh. Capt pndesu ard wife. oifr.
~. Campbell, Boston. F E smith. Mont.
F7mergt 7 d EidfidNo. city. Frank bal
emlih. holt Pa, q a. Afford ChipleY.
III notice. senator" aala thr heaufI.
tAl SRI that you are advocating "a
Eooa many thinRa which YOU said four
years aEo would ruin the country"
~Nra
what hes caursi you 20 believe In
them
VI don't believe ia Them. bat fhr
public seems to."-CtcNrland Record
Herald
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-12-31

lf you arc troubled with chronic con-
stinat.on che mild ana Eentir eject
of Chamberlain Tablets make them
especially suited % your case For
salo ~ en- druggists. tAdvD
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-12-31

II you miss your paper,
phone 1900 before ten
o'clock, and one will be de-
livered you by special carrier.