davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal., 1912-04-08
WHY TAKE RIsKs OF KIpNEY AND

WHY TAKE RISKS OF KIDNEY AND
Bladder Troubles becoming incurable when
by sending 10 cents 20 Carr Drug Co.. 40
Swain Bldg, Muncie, Indiana. you will re-
ceive fullsized 50-ccnt package Of Kas.
kers Kidney Tuhletsl They relieve back
head and loin pains in "a hours, and over
come Urinary Troubles and such advanced
symptoms as pufness under eyes. paleness
shortness Of breath loss Of Strength too
frequent calls, strings and sediment in
urine. Relief is permanont-dread and
danger Of Briehts Disease and Diabetes are
overcome. Full-sized 50-cent package for Is
cents. You can't afford 20 risk becoming
incurable for this small sum.
Evening journal., 1912-04-08
ORDER SOCIETY
IN NEW CRUSADE

Caleb e. Burchenal, attorney for the
Law and order Society says the house
in Tatnall street, occupied by Emma
Harris, who was recently fined $50
and costs in the City Court, and later
held for court by Magistrate Gluck-
man, on charge of harboring a girl
Under age, must close. He has notified
the owner Of the property to that ef-
feet. The society. Mr.. Burchenal says.
is proceeding under an act Of Legisla-
ture that provides heavy fine on
owners of such houses that fail to
close them after receiving due notice.
1t is said that the society will not
stop with this house, but will take
similar action in the case of others
used for the same purpose.
Evening journal., 1912-04-08
REPORT MOHAMMEDAN MASSACRE

By The United Press.
LONDON, April S.-The Tien Tnin
correspondent Of the Exchange Teie-
graph Company cables that a Mohau-
medan outbreak has taken Npiace in
Shen 81 Province. on the Mongolia
border. and that Mohammedans have
been massacred.
Evening journal., 1912-04-08
COMMITTEE RECOMMENDS
TOWNSEND CONFIRM ALTON.

Bv The Vniied Press
WASHINGTON, April S.-Confirma-
tion was recommended by the judiciary
committee today Of the nominations of
George l.. Townsend, to be United
States Marshal for Delaware
Evening journal., 1912-04-08
CHANGERS TO HEAR ADDRESS.

Charles Frederick Adams will ad-
dress the Delaware State Grange this
evening on the Initiative, Referendum
and Recall The grange has invited the
neighboring oranges TO the address.
United States Senator Clapp speaks
tonight in Laurel and tomorrow night
in Milford.
Evening journal., 1912-04-08
BELIEVE THIEVES WE'RE BOYS.

Thieves entered the meat store Of
Frederick Myers. No. S29 King street
on Saturday night through a rear door
which they pried open. The cash reg
ister was opened and papers scattered
about but no attempt was made to
open the safe which contained much
money. The police believe boys did the
work
Evening journal., 1912-04-08
ANOTHER STAFFORD.

Samuel Stafford Of No. 1928 Lam
caster avenue, a street paver employ
ed by the city, is not the Samuel
Stafford who was fined in City Court
on Saturday on charge Of drunken
ness.
Evening journal., 1912-04-08
RBsoLUTIoNs OF RESPECT

AT o meeting Of Washington Camp, No. %
p. O. S. Of A., Of Grubbs, Del, held April
8. 1912 the following resolutions were un'
animously adopted:
Whereas II has pleased Divine Provi-
dence TO remove from this Camp our esteem
cd brother. Clark A.. Webster;
Resolved. That while bowng in humble
submission 10 His divine will. We fully real.
ize and deeply deplore our loss and we most
sincerely sympathize with tho family Of our
deceased brother in their afhicton. In his
death this Camp has lost a true and faithful
member. and many hearts have been made
sad While We will miss him. We trust our
loss has been his eternal gain.
Resolved That in memory Of our beloved
brother our charter be draped in mourning
for a period Of ninety days and a copy Of
these resolutions properly signed by the
president and attested by the secretary be
presented 90 the bereaved family as token
OF our grief and sympathy.
NEWTON J.. GRTRB,
LEWIS T. TALLEY
THOMAS c. CASEY
Committee.
Evening journal., 1912-04-08
CARD OF THANKS.

Mrs. Josephine Mckinney wishes 20 ten
der her thanks TO the Jefferson st. Mission,
Sunday School Glass, and Willing Workers,
employees Of Bancroft's Folding Room. Cru
saders' Castle No. ?. Knights Of Golden
Eagle and all other friends in her sad be-
reavement Of her son Edwin W.
Evening journal., 1912-04-08

Rspsrtsd daily oy p. d. LAeksV =
Co. bankers and brokers. msmbsrs
PhOsd@inhia Stock Exchange. ttt
Narksf ~
Evening journal., 1912-04-08

Are you interested in business
chances-the Wants point to gainful
transactions.-Adv.
Evening journal., 1912-04-08
UNDERTAKERS
James I. Chandler, Y. W. NintA snS 3. =,
Undertaken TsIspsSps'. TsCspassS

For coughs. grip, Group,
asthma and catarrh all
through the system Bra
lillian Balm is magic. 1t
kills the germsS 81 years
wonderful success.
Evening journal., 1912-04-08

F. d. Lackey and Company say:
"A good sized and probably sharp
recession would not be unnatural, on
which stocks should be purchased
c. l. Hudson and Company say;
I'VE wo Id pursue a cautious policy
in huying stocks"
Evening journal., 1912-04-08
roo LATE TO CLASSIFY.

NOTICE., JOSHUA c. ARMSTRONG,
AN the tenant and occupant Of the house
situated az Odessa, School District No. 6l.
st Georges hundred, county Of New Castle
and State OF Delaware, in compliance with
the requirements OF the acts of the
General Assembly, in such case made
and provided. do hereby give notice that
shall apply in writing 20 the Court OF Cen
era Sessions Of the State OF Delaware, IN
and for New Castle county, on Monday, the
9Th day Of May, A. D., 1912, being the next
term Of said court. for a license for said
house as an inn or tavern, for the sale
therein OF intoxicating liquors In less guam
titles than one quart, to he drunk the
premises; and the following respectable
citizens Of said School District, al least
six of whom are substantial freeholders OF
said School District recommend the said ap-
plcatiOn, viz:
Thos. v Wallace W. W. Oremmingef
Harry f. Wilson y. j. remington
William c. Mccoy II. q. Spicer
John NJ. Gremminger John Heller
Jacob Muehberger Harry West
VIM. r. Philips William heller
aprs.e.io. JOSHUA c. ARMSTRONG.
u, OR RENT-RoOMs FOR LIGHT HOUSE.
keeping, suitable for young married
couple. Desirable location. Recommend
tions exchanged. Address /. H., Journal
Office. aprs.3t
Il oUND- IN POSToFFiCE
Saturday afternoon. Owner may have
same by proving property and paying for
this ad. Address Box 2O2 city. aprs-lt
XUANTED-IIN AND SHEET IRON
W worker. Apply s32 Shpley street.
aprs-3t.
T osT-ARTIsANs' SAVINGS BANK DE
- posit Book No. 1s471, in name Of Geo
A. Prouse, minor, S. ID. Prouse, trustee. New
book applied for aprS-10-12.
& TANLEY sILKA, TAILOR.
Work called for and delivered.
Cleans Presses, Dyes, Scours and Repairs
Ladies and Gents Suits.
Remember the Place-Ninth and Pine Sis
Del. Phone 5o6s. Wilmington, Del
aprS-Imo.
Evening journal., 1912-04-08
REGULAR TUESDAY NIGHr DANCE

The regular Tuesday night dance
will open tomorrow night in the
Polish Turn Hall, corner of Maryland
avenue and Sycamore Streets
Evening journal., 1912-04-08
FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL,

BY The United Press.
NEW YORK. April S-The stock
masket opened strong today with
prices higher than Saturdays close.
II a. m.-Theref was some irregu-
larity during the first hour Gov
ernments unchanged; other bonds
steady
Evening journal., 1912-04-08

Il OR RENT-RooMs FOR LIGHT HOUSE
keeping, suitable for young married
couple. Desirable location. Recommends
tions exchanged. Address J.. H., Journal
Once aprS-3t
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1912-03-01
REBELS CAPTURE
CITY Of JUARtz.
vAsou,sTAs MARCH INTO CITY
WITH GUT SCATTERING
voLLEv OF SHOTS.
NO RESISTANCE OFFERED
Border p.tro''ed ey United state.
T~roops-Fire So o'reeted that
Bullets Did Not FAN on
American Soil.
NO RESISTANCE E

FL PaSn. Feb. 28.--JuareZ is in pos
session Of the Vasquista rebels. Fir.
ing hut one ot two volleys and meet.
ting no resistance except a few scat.
tering shots In reply to their first vol.
ley. the rebels marched into the town.
They captured the machine guns that
had been bought to repel the rebels,
took charge of the municipal Offices.
the. custom house. the barracks. the
Jail and other public buildings.
The rebels made the assault at ~
a. M. entering the outskirts from the
northwest and firing as they entered
with rifles and one amor The few
hundred men in Juarez, as defenders.
fired a few shots from points of van
tage and then We're ordered by their
officers to cease.
Mexican Consyl E. G.. Liorente Of Ell
l'asO aftes said the officers de.
cidnd not to make resistance. to avoid
complications with the United States
United States troops patrolled the bor-
der at the time thc attack was made.
apparently ready to enter Jnarez it Ell
l'aso should he endangered.
AS the rebels marched into Juarez
they found all houses closed. but no
resistance. Only one a Captain
Romero of the defenders. was wound
ed accidentally.
All night the rebels spent in camp
outside OF Jnarcz. They attacked
from the northwest, partially using the
banks Of an irrigating ditch for pro.
lection. The fire was directed so that
bullets nf the defenders and assailants
did not fall on American soil. Emelio
Campo was in command of the attack
ing party. Tho rebels say they will
maintain order and arrangements are
being made to- restore communication
between 81 t'asn and Jnarez ii the
limited States troops will permit. No
lnOting accompanied the taking of the
city.
Three American Cowboys Killed.
San Antonio Three American COW
hnyS we're killed after a bloody en-
counter IN am.attcmpt to relieve the
employees of the. Nelson Morris ranch
opposite Sierra blanca in Mexico.
Pascnal Brown, manager Of tine ranch.
aud several Of the employees were be-
sieged by M%cxicans when they re-
fused to supply then, with horses.
saddles and arms.
Thirteen Rebels Meet Death.
9 Observation-Disclosures rebels were
killed and many others wounded in
a battle with the state troops fought
at. Tonasa. Eear San Gabriel. in the
southern part Of the state Of .lalisco. |
The loss of the federal troops consist !
ed oil Il lieutenant killed and three po-
liceHlau wounded.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1912-03-01
san WIN YIsit savannah.

washington. Feb. 2s.-Althongh no
definite time has been set. President
Taft VIII visit savannah. Ga, 10 April
or5sMay, 10 be the guest Of the HI!iber.I
nianSSsocietytof that city ast. a II
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1912-03-01
Nicaragua % Honor Knox.

!. San Juan Del Sur, Feb. 2S,-The
day q the arrival Of Secretary Of
State. Knox in Nicaragua Is to be de.
clared : public holiday throughout
the country. s is Sft
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1912-03-01
Aelniaar Msvnr 81

s.s. oSelNt0oF Mayor ofE ofGatsf DGfllNN.. n
Dsrlinl, Feb. : s.-7Snra Karl stetnifgssss,
cltyscAh,anllb,eeirlain u Berlin; 6Wase "
s1d malyorof Greater Derliin,.s @sAfsS
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1912-03-01
CoNFEsSEs TO ARSON
Wisconsin Man Burned a Barn Full,
Of Horses.

" OF Horses.
Hudson, Wis, Feb. 2S.-Mike
Niederoski who was arrested in St.
Paul Saturday night on a charge of
arson, vas reported to having. con-
fessed to firing the barn of David
Syne OF Nenwood. There we're nine
horses in the barn and eight of them
persisted. The remaining animal
Niederson is said 10 have stolen and
sold. He will be sentenced. at
Chinese Warships Ordered To Java.
San Francisco. Feb: 2S.-Chinese
warships have been ordered to Java
under instructions to begin a lombard
ment of Batavia If the Ouch govern:
ment does not pay an indemnity de-
manded for the killing of Chinese, said
to have, been attacked by Dutch sol
diers. In IN ultimatum sent to the
Dutch government. Provisional Presi-
dent Sun Vat Sen stated that an al,
tack on Java would be begun ifrthe
Indemnity were not paid within a
week.,
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1912-03-01
0tafe co,nmisfss rs Y

sisssgNss@@Js 49, HHlyeSK1 4a&t0 =
atte poimlm1lilttss vii meet 3lo
\ srsh 4 4 n
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1912-03-01
Nevada Lands, for settlers.

Washington, Feb. 2s.-The 127,50O
acres Of land eliminated from the
Moapa National forest in Nevada BY
President Taft, Dec. 8. 1911. will be.
thrown open to settlement. MAY Z,
1919. 81
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1912-01-10
BEET
SUGAR INDUSTRY

San Francisco Chronicle: The re-
moval of the duty on sugar would de-
stroy the cane sugar industry of Loui-
siana and the beet sugar industry of
the rest of the country The varieties
of sugar cane grown in Louisiana can
not compete with the torpical vari-
cites, and American male labor in the
fields can not compete with the labor
if it be said that the hand field work
in our sugar beet fields is done al
most wholly by Oriental labor, the
reply is that that is not true, except
in California and will not be true here
after the opening of the canal.
Nobody is clamoring for the removal
of the duty except the refiners of inn
ported sugar, who have always clam
ored for it, They will clamor for it
louder than ever now that the sugar
trust has been forced to dispose of
it's beet sugar interests.
The treasury needs the revenue
from imported sugar and no other tax
levied in this country is distributed
among so large a number of persons,
which is the ideal condition of tax.
The sugar trust and the Democratic
party have always been two souls
with but single thought-two hearts
that beat as one" That is the case
today.
The Democratic party stands ready
to remove every vestige of the tax
on raw sugar in order that the sugar
trust and the dependents-which in
no moral way differ from the trust
may make more money.
There is a we'll defined movement
in the country to favor the refners
Of imported sugar at the expense of
the sugar-beet growers of this coun-
try, and our chamber of commerce
has taken cognizance of it. 1t has
adopted a strong resolution protest
ing against any reduction of the duty
on sugar in order that the enormous
capital now invested in American beet
sugar plants be not destroyed, the
thriving villages which have grown up
round the sugar factories may not lose
their principal source of trade, and
the farmers and working men who
produce the beets be not deprived of
their labor and it's product
It is improbable that any reduction
will be made in the duty on sugar
while Taft is President, but it would
go in the twinkling of an eye with a
Democratic President and Congress
in power.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1912-01-10
STRANGER JUMPS
INTO HARBOR

The unfortunate man named below
died in the hospital this afternoon.
This morning a man named David
C. Irvine jumped into the harbor from
the Kinau wharf and was rescued by
John Namahu, a fisherman, who saw
the man struggling in the water, threw
off his clothes and jumped in after
him.
Irvine struggled with his rescuer
and when pulled from the water acted
as if suffering from fit He was re-
moved to the hospital.
He left some personal papers on the
wharf when he went into the water,
including a letter of recommendation
from the Ludlow Manufacturing AS
sociates, Ludlow, Mass. The testimon-
ial says that he has worked for the
concern mentioned for eighteen years
and only quit last month.
1t is believed that Irvine arrived by
the last Sierra. He is a man about
forty years of age.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1912-01-10
MORE CROWDING
OF THE SCHOOLS

In an interview with President Pope
of the Board of Education it was
learned that the increase in the at
tendance throughout the different
schools of the islands will materially
affect the already crowded conditions.
Besides the $50 or more local increase,
there are 408 immigrants of school
age who have just arrived and who
must be taken care of. 1t will be i'm
possible, however, to make any provis-
ion until it is known where they will
be located,
The board is also mailing to all the
principals of the different districts a
report made by r. II. Gibson, inspector
of schools, who offers many sugges-
tions based upon his twenty years eX-
Iperience in these islands, besides the
correspondence which he has carried
on with the educational authorities
Throughout the United States during
/ that time.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1912-01-10
HOW JAPANESE
CAME AND WENT

According to the annual report of
the Secretary of Commerce and La
Dor, the regulation of March Ia, 1907,
regarding the immigration of Japan
ese has worked out satisfactorily.
During the year 1929 Japanese ap.
piled for admission to continental
United States, 1882 of whom were ad-
mitted and forty-six debarred OF
those applying, 4179 were and 149
were not in possession of proper pass
ports. OF those holding such pass
ports, 1890 belonged to classes enti-
tied under the proclamation and un-
derstanding with Japan to receive
such credentials, and only eighty-nine
were not entitled thereto. The said
1890 consisted of 1146 former resi-
dents, 2fS5 parents, wives, OF chill
dren of residents, and 759 new arriv-
ais, who were nonlaborers. The eigh-
ty-nine not entitled to passports were
laborers who were neither former res
idents nor the parents, wives, or chill
dren of such residents. During the
same period 2198 Japanese applied
for admission to Hawaii, 2159 of
whom were admitted and thirty-four
debarred. Of those applying, 2153 had
and six had not proper passports. Of
those holding such passports, 1869
we're entitled and 11S we're not enti-
tied to them. OF the 2O69, Alb were
former residents and 1856 the par
ents, wives, or children of such resi-
dents. sr-"GaSl| a.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1912-01-10
HILO'S GROWING
PROSPERITY

Henry c. Hapai, registrar of pub
lie accounts, has returned from his
trip of inspection of banks and trust
companies in Hawaii, and gives glow
ing accounts of how the volume of bus
mess has advanced in the past year.
In support of this fact he cites the
First Bank of Hilo, Ltd, which showed
a report last year of. Loans, SGS1,-
553.16; cash on hand, 5S,162Oi; and
this year: Loans, $S72,O76.O4; cash on
hand, $254,9OS54. Deposits last year,
5000, 1890; deposits this year, $1,125,-
9O5.93.
Besides these comparisons, there is
the fact that the First Trust Co of
Hilo, Ltd, has, for the first time in its
historq been able to show an undi-
vided profit, now presenting the fig
ure $1495.76.
This tremendous increase, Mr.. Ha-
pal thinks, will serve to raise real es-
tate values to a very considerable de-
gree in that community.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1912-01-10
FLEMING DENIES
ANY TROUBLE

John Fleming, of the James F. Nor
gan Company objects to the state
ment made yesterday that his objec-
ton to the reporting of the sale OF
one thousand Olaa shares caused any
trouble on the exchange. Nothing was
said, he claims, during the session,
though one or two of the brokers did
come to him afterward and protest.
Il have always been opposed" says
Mr.. Fleming, ito the rule of the Ex-
change that permits of stock sales
being not reported if any one mem
Der objects. have tried to have that
rule changed and still hope that it
will be. But so long as the rule is
in force, there is no reason why l
should not take advantage of it as
well as any other broker.
Personally, 1 think it would be
much better for all the brokers if
every stock transfer were reported,
for it would be in the nature of an
advertisement for all of us. I hope
the rule will be changed some day,
but it is still in effect"
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1912-01-10
CHANCE oE LOCATION.

Nelson B. Lansing, who has for
time been conducting the local
agencies for The American Biscuit
Co., The Pacific Coast Candy Co., The
G. Washington Coffee Sales Co., The
Northwestern Macaroni Factory, and
the Cliquot Club Ginger Ale, besides
various other small articles, is OBJ
liged on account of limited space to
transfer his place of business from
his present quarters at "a Hotel street
to the Waverley block on the corner
of Bethel and Hotel streets.
Associated with Mr.. Lansing will
be Thomas A. O'Brien, formerly with
the Won Ha9m-Young Co., but now
handling the local agency of the More
Watkins Drygoods Co.
Mr.. Lansing and Mr.. O'Brien will be
ready for business in their new quar-
tiers shortly after the first of mex
month.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1912-01-10
EXCHANGE TRADE
IS FALLING OFF

Trading in stocks and bonds was
lighter today than for some time past,
though prices were maintained
throughout and in one or two instances
went a triae higher That there
should be some falling off in the vol
ume OF transfers, however, is not to be
wondered at, in view of the fact that
trading has manifested extraordinary
briskness ever since the holidays, not
withstanding the fact that it generally
falls off materially at this time of year.
Nine sales of Eva, aggregating 1888
shares, were made at 33. Pioneer
maintained its quotation of 23O, but
there was only one sale reported, that
of block OF 20 shares.
Oahu sticks to IS, but trading in the
stock was light today, two blocks of
40 shares each being all that was re-
ported.
Hawaiian Commercial advanced a
quarter of a point, but only one sale,
that Of a block of 25 shares, is re-
corded.
There was a fair amount Of trading
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1912-01-10
NOTICE OF coPARTNERsHIP.

Notice is hereby given of the forma-
ton of the following copartnership:
Sing FAT COMPANY"
1. The names and places OF resi-
dence of the members of said copart-
nership are as follows:
Loui You, city of Honolulu.
Loui Lum Hop, city of Honolulu.
Hee Dong, city of Honolulu.
Leong Yau, city of Honolulu.
Samuel Leong Alma, city of Homo
lulu.
Vim Kong (trustee for Alexander
Afat Yim), city of Honolulu.
Wong Buck, city of Honolulu.
Lee Yoke Hin, city of Honolulu.
2, The copartnership is to carry on
a dry goods business.
8. The firm name of said copart-
nership is Sing Fat Company"
4. The place Of business of said
copartnership is Nos. 1OO9-1013 Nuu-
anu street, City and County of Homo
lulu, Territory of Hawaii.
2ts-Jan. 10, II.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1912-01-10
CAMPAIGN COST
Is CENTS A HEAD

The Civic Sanitation Committee re-
ports that the cost of the mosquito
campaign for the last month has been
as much as rs cents head to every
citizen of Honolulu, but that in future,
on account of the work done at public
expense being confined to the cleaning
of streams, putting in of basins, and
the cementing of trees, the expense
will be much diminished This will
enable the commission 90 cut down
the staff, by letting out all the extra
members, and gradually contine its
work to keeping things in order in
stead Of putting them in that condi-
ton.
At present the chief work of the Of.
ficers is the cleaning out of Palolo
and Manoa streams,
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1912-01-10
SITE AT BALTIMORE.

AS provision against some future
time when they may find it necessary
or advisable to erect a refinery of
their own, the Sugar Factors Company
has purchased about twenty-five acres
of land on the river waterfront in
Baltimore There is no intention,
however, according to a statement
made by Manager Novel;, of putting
up a refinery in the near future. THE
land" he says, was bought simply be-
cause the Hawaiian interests thought
that at some time they might want to
build a refinery at Baltimore and be
cause they found a suitable piece OF
land"
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1912-01-10
KLUGE DENIES
A STATEMENT

John A. Kluge, of the Citizens San
itary Committee, is in rather a bad
frame of mind regarding one of the
little interviews concerning himself
which was published yesterday after
noon in The Star Mr.. Kluge states
that he did not make the statement
that the reason the banana stalks
were not cleaned was because some
people had refused the officers admit
lance to their yards. He says he dis
patches men to go out Immediately
and carry away the rubbish.
Mr. Kluge also states that it is not
the place of the committee to remove
anything in the way of garbage other
than banana stalks.