The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-03-31
one-third to the distance from the leading

one-third to the distance from the leading
 edge.
 The chassis" in the monoplanes is that
 part of the framework to which the main
 and tail planes are fitted and which con | tains the engine and seat of the aviator.
 A monoplane chassis therefore comprises | the framework to which the planes and
 mechanism are fitted When wheels are
 employed for starting biplanes are built l upon a chassis, 1t being q short frame
 work supporting the axles and springs,
 the upper part supporting the engine. I Properly speaking the Wright biplane has
 no chassis. as the engine is supported on l heavy tlmbers attached to the main spars
 of the lower plane. the sxds also being
 fixed to the main spars. The chord is
 the length of the plane from the leading
 to the trailing edge in straight line.
 Some Terms Derived From Ships l The "elevator" Is used for altering the
 vertical direction of the machine and Is i generally found in front of the main plane of the Wright and Farman bipanes,
 while in monoplanes the elevator Is usual l ly placed at the rear. The gap is the
 distance between the main planes in a bi- plane, and if the distance should be less
 than the chord of the planes the lifting
 power of the upper plane would be af- | fected.
 The "keel": The function of keel is similar to that of the side curtain and IS of the form of long vertical fin placed I in. a fore and aft direction along the rear | extension of the framework. It is lx- ture but the latter extremity sometimes | forms the vertical or steering rudder. 1 Main planes are the supporting sur faces of the main weight of the machine Superposed planes mean one plane above another. as in biplanes or trpanes and monoplanes usually have their main plane In front Main spars" are the lateral spars on which the main planes are built and are usually two in number to q plane or deck. They act as cantilevers support ed at their inmost ends, where they are attached to the chassis either directly in monoplanes and supported by guys, or by means of vertical struts and guys in a 1 bplane. "Outriggers' are used to sup l port both the elevator and tail and are
 constructed of timber. with two, three, or l four spars with wooden distance pieces
 and guy wires fixed between them to se-
 cure rigdity. The ribs are what their name imply and are made of ash or i spruce bent to the correct curves, and
 support the fabric of the planes.
 The "rudder' planes are set vertically
 at the rear of the machine and may be
 either single or duplicate planes, hinged forward and controlled by wires much as | on A boat "Skids'' are the long wooden skates upon which the machine can land
 in safety and relieve the wheels of con- siderable shock
 Words Puzzle the Laymen i The "side curtains when fitted to ma chine are usually found between the main planes and are of box formation, are to | give resistance to lateral motion and di- minish the risk of sliding sidewse through the ar. Sometimes they are fitted to bi- plane tail
 Supplementary planes are additional sur faces which are utilized for greater stabli- 1 ity.
 Surfacing is the fabric sewed either single or double over and under the main spars and ribs. Span" is the distance from tip to tip of the main plahes. 1 "Warping," sometimes called gauchisse-
 ment, is applied to the main planes. pro- I ducing the same ultimate effect as the use I of aiIerons webs" of which there are two or more, are placed between the ribs | and are small blocks of wood that act as distance pieces.
 l These and other slang terms which avia- | tors have created themselves have crept l into the aviation game and are puzzle to l the layman and besides this there are | words which apply to conditions In the l air.
 l Aviation Terms Also Puzzle People 1 There is the word 'eyolatic," which | means to fly away and ''evolations," which signifies the acts of flying out or | up. Photography" is book describing I the air. the same as a geography de- scribes the earth. "Aerognasy" means the science which treats of the different prop critics of the air, and the lair spots the ] air 'dnas' and the like. which aviatorA