davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1912-02-25

today from sales Of sheep. wool or
blankcts, they derive q considerable
income
Only the eastern branch OF the
Apache tribe T. prominent in New
Mexico. The tribe IS stationed at
present on four reservatioas. bnt be-
fore the Federal government sudbdued
them hy force uf arms. they roved
where they would, molsstc1 All. and
robbed pmndered and hnrncd many
an outlying settlement.
The chief industry Of the tsibc is
the making of baskets Us the fne
women. Two kinds are made, "a bowl
shaped one and a very fine one used
as Wlter iuRs Cottonwood or willow.
form the coils Of both but the wrap
ping is always cottonw aod Golore !
zones lend decorative affect and
huck-Stin is used to nrntnct the base
HlanlSets and skins are ased as he'd
ding, white "a dle-hags of raWiI3e
are used for slorg
llut little is Known Of The eprly
days of the Apache The tribe is, TX (,
The Navajo, essentially q HgRla dlr 1nr.
and doubtless wandered ,,sen stln
the Athapas can district - observe
matters til Il died. l.t& uf set
tied residence. the goat diaintegra-
tlon OF the tribe into smpf banas
ard Es lnek Of amy ealnnNpnl eus-
toms which kept II nueh iu2eiiser r.
have united 20 destroy npeh 81 iradl-
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1912-02-25

tom ftom which its cartier ais'ory
IA ght he CLEANED.
AlthorFh tn uress ~ both
s''xes has been moro or ess modified
by eonlnct with The wh.t.H il was
formerly typically Indian. rho, men
ware a lain cloth ana mo nina Che
ntter were nude long coming 20 ,he
thigh but were frequently rolled
down in several folds oellw he knee.
rhey were sparingis decorated Win
pnint or headNnrk. tan 1ioe"tsslns
hfild - all over being FOR unde only.
The women wore nn Ccremanitl oca-
sions a sort of shist ~ lusrlSskn,
beaded. decorated with metal pend
ants and With rel flsnIyl. when they
copld get H. Eaf-ri'iEs aud na klaces
are common. \ lfathsr hair nrna-I
ment of figure eight tsisn is wofn uy
msidcns, and is fcenra'pd yaricnsN.
Fagle feathers ire Sometimes worm
by the men. In times Of mourning
the hair is cut off slia't and worn
IN dishcayoltd mass.
Both the Puehlos ani the non Pue-
bio peoples have uoN S,ttiei down
from their former state tfe puehlos
generally Ia farm ~ ard occasional
work In towns ana cities ~ 50 1ie trade
letfnrd IN the lndi in srnppis. ana the
NnNhios ana Apaches at various oc-
cupatiprs on or pff TIE reservation.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1912-02-25
x,v,,o POSING N rnr,oNrM COSTUMES

course i'm more primitive fashions.
Dams were built across washes and ar
rovos, where flood waters might be
impounded. and these waters used for
the cultivation of fields below the
dams.
The utensils employed by the early
Pucbloes for grinding ana preparing
their corn for food were much the
same as those used in recent years, a
stone slab or metate and smaller
stab of stone which was used Ia
spread and crush the grain on the
larger mctate. Three such Crushings
produced a coarse meal. which was
made into batter with water. baked on
a hot stone in the form OF a'thin sheet.
and became bread, incidentally the
chief food of the Indians. Wheat
was introduced by the Conquistadores
and soon became a great aid to the
native peoples II was threshed in
Biblical fashion on threshing floor,
hV the feet Of beasts when the Indians
had them. by fails when they had
not. Wild game was subordinate item
in the food supply Of the early IN
dians Antelope, occasionally. rab-
hits. somewhat oftener and once in a
while deer made up the list.
The Puebloes are the pioneer
growers Of cotton in America TO put
it to its present use. They wove cot
son fabrics from weil-spun threads.
aEl cut and sh8ped them into gar
ments \ sort Of cloth was also made
by cutting the skins of rabbits into
strips and worring, tying or twisting
these into = fabric. Shredded bark.
plant fibrea. and other material were
mad, into fabric and used as a sort
Of Kilt. sandals ~ reeds anc moe
,uains uf blckskin or other heather
were made
Tho PueblneS were aui are fond ~
ornament. Hair decorations were all
ways worn D, both sekes. Before the
Introduction of hair ribbons. cotton
~trinr strips of fer, ana other such
things were used to- fasien the locks
into brad or twist Some Of the
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1912-02-25

the par~nt s.pcE of the two widest
ferccst and nlosi hloud-tllirstg tribes
OF Indians who eyar roamed throaga
the west These are the NaNajo ana
the Apache. The latter especially IS
remembered by The descendants of
early New Mexican settlers FOR bis
deeds of violence whi9h even extended
into the middle of the last century.
At present the Apache peoples oc-
oupy reSsrvations known as the Mcs-
caiero, ana JiVar.iln in this state, and
two others in Arizona.
The Navajo people are all on one
reservation In northwestern New
Mexico and northern Arizona.
The Pueblo peoples occupy num-
per OF puebloes all over the state
Even TODAY may be seen In their
settlements the remains of the early
natural selection Of the best ground
ior their crude developmnt. Centraliz-
ing Itself To n large extent in the val
ieys OF the Rio Grande. the ella. the
Little Colorado and the San Juan. OF
these, the Rio Grande and parts of the
san Juan and Gila centers are in
Guided in New Mexico. one pueblo
OF the Little Colorado center. Zuni. j.
In New Mexico.
Today the settlements in the Rio
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1912-02-25

"A moment call them mentally inferior
TO the people who stayed at home. Nor
do we think them IN lower state OF
civilization.
However, before the whole continent
was brought 20 a state approNimating
civilization. there was conflict betweer,
the different communities Of alb
roigines, and it was doubtless because
of these that the Puebloes came To
New Mexico AS a people, they were
of an agricultural taste, and their
crops were easily destroyed by enc
mics so that they demanded as a
necessity of sustained life, peace ana
opportunity to plant their fields. cul-
tiVate their crops and reap thcir har-
vest. To secure this they had TO iso-
late themselves in region barren of
loot, offering small opportunity for
plundcr. and capable OF being defend
od. To do this they moved 10 the
locations in New Mexico where the
spaniards found them.
Not too far from the streams they
built their homes. choosing always that
spot most easily fortified, and least
Hkely of Intrusion by mHf1uding
cn my. At first thes hacaed into the
living stone Tor rooms. later the WALL
ed up lcdgcs above the streams, h.ude
rude shelters of the stones which has
To- hand using adobe mud as mortar.
and there they lived. fought ate slept
worked and died. Then their mum
bors increased. and with d properly
fortified dwelling. they felt able to
Withstand attack at u point on the
plains or in the valleys. nearer their
water supply, perhaps. or nearer the
maze that Was their principal crop.
Put stiil they lived in communities Tor
safets, as their postcrity does today.
ia.
Of North America. maize was an I'm
postant factor OF life. and the fact that
the Fucb.ocs grew II Is an Indication
that they were among the more nearly
civilized peoples. Maize then. was a
great factor probably the staple factor
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1912-02-25

place all the time, moving only when
forced to do so by changing conditions
or the inroads of some Sand of war
iors: while the non-Pueblo peoples
must include those who normally wan
tereti from place to place, owned no
fixed home, and seldom titled the same
soil two years.
The first were farmers, weayers and
potters. The second were mere mo-
MAIDS living mainly upon the product.
of the chase. but in certain instances
were workers of metal Later, the
Puebloes taught them to weave
The nonPueblo peoples who inhab-
tied New Mexico in the early days.
We're, according to. DR. Dorsey Of the
Field Columbian Museum the Off
spring of Athapascan Piman. Yuman
and Shoshonean stock. The Yuman and
Piman stocks have so few representa-
tivcs In early New Mexico that they
may well he disregarded In so brief
an article as the present ore. Some
authorities give the Shoshonean as the
main parent stock OF certain OF the
Pueblo people, but the AthapasCan is
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1912-02-25

listed for many centuries before that
there must have been some strong
inducement to cause the selection
of that particular ana then very
unpronising regions as the abode
OF these peoples The answer Is
to be found in the fact that
they were weaker than their neigh
bors. that they were worsted in bat
ties. and depleted by the inroads OF
their antagonists and that because or
this fled. The same thing exists IN
innumernble instances in the animal
world However. the mere fact OF
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1912-02-25

an descent and eiose
teiuti.0h to thc
Apache and T. sppr
posc0 to nave wan
q cre 4 = 20 % Inward
" n the latter In
the days hufuro the
Spaniaris ,hme. It
5 acns likely that IN
that time the race
wandered about ln
anall hands general
~ proYing upon the
peaceful Puehlooa. "
IL knowu that often
Pueblo indians JON
ed fhe tribe. From
these adopted chill
Il rem he Navajo
probably learned the
WcTving aud which
u o " ~ a X es him
famous
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1912-02-25

When the Spaniards came. q peeu-
liar tircumstanoc Is said 60 have
changed the whole character of this
tribe 4 flock of sheep were cap
tured lN the Naraios from the Span
iards, ana forthwith the nation turned
Hedouin. tending flocks for It's living
and wandering about much as IN times
befor,. The women. hgNins more time
To spend nt cnch camp. became more
expert in the weaving of blankets. and
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1912-02-25

dwelling in a barren place. or coun-
try franght with difficulties. does not
imply that the dwellers are Of inferior
civilization or mentality to those who
drove them there. The Puritan faith
crs Wore driven out Of England be-
cause of their inability To there have
the broacness OF thought and wor-
shin thrT desired, which r. ba; am
other WAY of saving they were too
weak To secure IT, yet we do not for
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1912-02-25

~ tn iiit 'l we ffi-
erfoe until the
spanish C0nquists-
q ores IN troducci
other trod suppiies.
no q biy gra pes
and domcstic ami
mails Deep planting
n.aS land stifl i-B
llrcttieed n, cuifse of
the dyness of the
s1 fare soil
Tire facilities for
Growing the food
f-pssiies ~ this psu-
lti. were ma;erialiy
inlrca "a ls rude af-
tempt. af Irrigation.
hs rft arS a. % a
Lrsnfs uf fhe Pueblo
FnuEtIt weFr fFsF
Hnf Tar irfWf p. and
very effe was
ir rlf to di-fril tie
their water bf ditch
and chanuel o. tho
reils wnere d would
o. ~ most benefit
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1912-02-25

Dams Of mud, brush and stone
We're constfucte by communal
labor ana the Garth produced
bountiullN even az II is producing
hountifully today for more inn
proved metha,.s. DiteheS which led
the water OYER sand welc made tight
by an application OF CLAY probably ar
terWard burned 20 give Il hardness
More than this. reclamation was
practced much as II now is but of
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1912-02-25

employed bs the Pueblo beanN and
bellies.
Pueblo children were taught the oc-
equations of their parents, as is the
custom In many uncivilizcd areas.
The power OF imitation united with
the generalised conditions and lack
OF Specialization which surrounded the
race united to cause this. II was so
much easier for the growing child 10
learn 10 do "a certain thing the way his
father did it, than TO devise a newer
method OF his own. that he seldom
made any Improvements on ancient
manners of performing certain op-
eraiions
The lore Of the tribe was passed
down by word of mouth from old man
to young man. indeed the whole VII
lage would assemble In some secluded
sUot and listen to the recitation by
some ancient warrior OF the history re-
lated to him bv his fathers. Again. In
the me way, the legends OF tn orig
in of man. of the winds ana natural
phenomena were transmitted ana Kept
alive
In addition TO the general method n
imparting kuoNledg- mentioned there
are special traditions sacred myths.
teneis and legends to he preserved by
the tribe. and to- this ond, the old men
trained selected mem trs ~ The rising
generation Morgan SAYS fhht therc
are three old men AT Taos now whose
special dutN is To train the youth IN
this lore. The Zunis have real epic
pcrfect in rhyme and rhythm which H.
hirhly poetic u Is vencratcd as q
sort ~ Bible. This epic H. rsctt@d in
puhlir on rare hut regular occasions
The rites by which the young are made
rlghtfui members 81 the pueblo, or
taken under the protection of the
tribal gods. were no less sacred ana
nn less portion Of The education of
each member Of thu triha.
An the Southwest Indians have re
irartable ability to endure and can
frequently run long distances without
faferffiesirn. Instance ar" on record
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1912-02-25

~ iilfss ~ WV wv
rrt. an the year
there are some run
nlng streams tn can
Nons ana elsewhere
Near these the Nav
ujos I've. usually IN
s. IA a ~ communities
Of eight or a dozen
families. The Nuva-
lo Is q wantlerer.
and though hc may
hc here this year
neNt spring Is sure to
see him somewhere
else, and the fall
~ n witness his mi-
grafton 90 a rev To-
cation,
Little rs known
concerning the eariy
history OF this rucc,
/ n Ia "A e uR &c d a.
shows his Afhapasc.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1912-02-25

letter eight hundred
miles in five daNs 4
Moki. IL is saiii Viii
go on foot q hundred
mites in a day and g.
night. SocinliN tho
Puehlotf brought
the principle Of CONE
munisn to r. high de-
gree ~ perfection
HospltalifN. tno. wts
y virtue which wa
practierd alulEs-
Takfns the Navajo
and ~ fcnc seu-
afafeIr as flie best
example Of the unr
Pueblo negnics ~
Erm Mexico. W. fui
them " aeig differ
ent ln character. The
Navajo was uof in
eariY daAz a hurs
India. SGT inf-r lcara
have given him the
ariiafiru of being
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1912-02-25

though they had
W 4 n q e I e q ( a r
enough to have DIFF
+ er c n I Languages
Brinton gives the
impression that the
state OF civilization
attained by the Pu-
cbloes in general
was attained by
each tribe separate
ly, and that they
gained comparatively
little from inter-
c o llr Sc w hateyar
caused difference Of
d ia q e t, however,
there are today four
distinct divisions in
this great branch of
I II e p e S "a m ably
5 , @ shoncan blood.
These are the Moki,
without doubt q real
Shoslhcnean in des-
cent tha Tanoan,
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1912-02-25

Grande watershed outnumber all the
others in the state in point of popu-
latiOn.
The Pueblo Indians speak several
languages. They are all possessed of
certain general characteristics. but
this fact is accorded by Flynn in his
american Indian. ETC. to the fact
that in all probability they were scions
of the game parent stock and lived
under conditions generally similar,
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1912-02-25

whtch cmbraces tlc
pue ehloes of Taos.
san Juan. san idle
fDnsn, santa Cara
and otherH; ANA Toe
kercscn descendants
who include as their
hahitations the Co
thiti Zia, Acoma.
santa Ana. san Fc-
iipe ana l.aguna
parhieCs
Il Is obvious that
In the undeVcloped
state i'm which the
s. p a nish conquist,t-
dores found New
Mexico. ana N which
Il has doubtless eX-
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1912-02-25
s. The Nelu Mexico Indians i .

r IL e Indians of New Mexico
may be broadly divided into
two great Glasses. the Pueblo
peoples and the non Pueblo
peoples. 10 be deIinite, the
Pueblos include all the agri-
cultural peoples who normally
tiled the soil as their principal
means Of existence, and who
made their homes in one
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1912-04-06

Ell Comite de Relaciones Exteriores
resolvi6 dar un informe favorable con
referencia la liquidation de las re-
clamaciones americanas por valor de
100000 en- concepto de indemnizacion
por daiios inferidos en- terrenos de los
Estados Unidos durante la revoluci6n
de Madero.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1912-04-06

La Comisi6n de Asuntos Militares
di6 un informe acerca del bill de pre-
supuesto del ejercito eliminando los
planes de reorganization y reduction
de la cabelleria.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1912-04-06

Zapata sus fuerzas Sc han colocado
voluntariamente las 6rdenes de Oroz-
co. Los rebeldes al mando de Campo
atacaron a PARA aver. Despues de
una lucha que dur6 ocho horas fueron
rechazados.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1912-04-06

En- Louisville, KY trazo Roosevelt
aver la Inca divisoria entire los progre-
sistas los reaccionarios. Atac6 las
pretensiones de Taft que dice ser pro
gresista.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1912-04-06

Espaiia invita- los americanos in
teresados en- ell cultivo de la vina para
que asistan al Congreso Nacional que
sobre ese tema Sc llevara cabo en-
Pamplona en- Julio.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1912-04-06

las primarias celebradas aver. Wo-
drow Wilson cuenta con 81 delegados
y Champ Clark con 5.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1912-04-06

Francisco Barra lego la Habana
de paseo para Europa. Declara que la
revoluci6n en- Mejico representa- algo
peor que aspiraciones politicas.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1912-04-06

Ell x-Representante Ralph Cole, de
Ohio y H. Guidry de Luisiana repre-
sentaron respectivamente los intereses
de los cosecheros de remolacha y los
de cana respectivamente en- la audien-
cia publica celebrada aver.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1912-04-06

bosques pertenecientes la Compailia
Espafiola de Resina.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1912-04-06

Luis Losada, Secretario de la Lega-
ci6n Espanola de Rio Janeiro ha sido
nombrado para un puesto analogo en-
Washington.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1912-04-06

De Malaga comunican que un incen
dio ha causado muy serios daIios en- 10.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1912-04-06
MAS CADLEGRAMAs
Nueva York, jueves.--

NuCEH JUCVCS.
Tres Comisiones procedentes de
Puerto Rico llegaron aver a Washing
ton. Visitar0n esta maiiana al Bu-
resu de Asuntos Insulares, del De
psrtamento de la Guerra al Secreta-
rio de La Guerra. Despues asistieron a
Ia audiencia pnblica de la Comisi6n de
Hacienda del Senado en- la cual Sc ira
tabe el asunto del azIcar. Ell Secreta-
rio de la Guerra acompanara las CO.
misiones manana por la manana a la
sesi6n del Comite de Hacienda cuando
commence la audiencis publics de di-
ches eomisiones.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1912-04-06
Nueva York, viernes.-

Galbraith Rodgers Sc cay6 de un
aereoplano en- Long Beach, California,
aver Sc precipit6 de una altura de
$50 pies qued6 muerto. Ell llev6 a
cabo ell primer vuelo transcontinental.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1912-04-06

Lsfollette obtuvo completa victoria
en- todos los distritos de Wisconsin en-
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-10-01
Murphy Refuses
 To interfere In
 New York State
Tells Delegates to Choose as They Will For Governor
 SuEzer in the Lead

(Cnited Press Dispatch to The Farmer)
 Convention Arena, Syracuse, N. Y, Oct. 1.-An open New York Demo cratic State convention-heretofore classed with the white black bird''- ma aterialized here today When the convention which will name it's State ticket adjourned after perfecting tenn porary organization the question of in the air at the similar period of the> recent Saratoga Republican con vention. Leader Charles r.. Murphy of Tamn1any Hall, who could if he so desired, dominate the situation, had frequently passed the word along the they pleased so far the candidate for Governor was concerned.
 Murphy, ii was well known. was for Dix but because of opposition against the Governor, he refused to enforce the unit rule and this was taken as chances.
 But so far as the other incurnbences of office were concerned Murphy and practically a majority of the delegates on the job believed they were entitled to a renOIninatfon.
 Congressman William Sulzer, nlalH- ing one of the best fights in his career for the nomination for Governor, un- questionably was in the lead. Char les A. Fireman. of Ithaca, Temporar Mayor Burns of Troy and former Chairman of the National Committee Norman E. Mack were the leaders in the consideration of the delegates.
 The tentative draft of the platform was practically completed today, ready for submission to the delegates. The temporary organization was expected to be made permanent today.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-10-01
Initial Waists.

Strong appeal to ones de- sire for individuality ill these simple little initial waists.
 Made of excellent linene that will launder exception ally we'll. In correct tailor ed fashion with standing col lar.
 Of a model that fits trim ly and comfortably, finished with such care that they will prove thoroughly satisfac- tory.
 And each made with a pocket upon which is initial in white. in white,- $1.OO
 Second floor.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-10-01
Sweaters for comfort now.

Women, more and more of them,are profiting by exam pie of men who have found sweater splendid protection against chill of early Au- tun1n.
 Lots of sweaters here for them. Truth to tell, 'tis not easy to have supply. But for present, we have no fear of disappointing anybody. White, and blue, and gray and the mu ch-sought ma- room.
 Weights from the light ones to heavy sorts that are as stout as stout can be. Some will be found especial ly grateful by folks who mo- tor: they will turn the keen edge of the Autumn breeze in splendid style,-
 $2 to $7
 Second floor.