davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1912-09-08

Tsht than she has been since the DAYS
when the Nicaragua canal was a possi-
biIity Nicaragua is the largest OF the
Central American republics. II has an
area of about 5000 square miles and a
population of nearly $4,000 1t is beau
tiful. though little known and compa ra :
lively undeveloped country.
The fertility of the soil is remarkable.
Where any attempt has been made at
agriculture the returns arc very large in
proportion to the work done. In this
verdant land fruits of the tropic mingle
with those of the temperate zones In
the lowlands the climate and products
are tropical. on the plateaus the climate
is delightful and products of the tempers
ate zone abound.
Oranges. plantains. mangoes and guavas
crow spontaneously. and lines. lemons,
watermelons. muskmelons. citrons, pine
apples and cocoanuts grow in profusion.
Hut little attention is paid to their culti-
Vation by the natives. who seem to prefer
inferior fruit grown without labor to the
superior varieties that require some care.
iht native Nicaraguans are generally
unambitious and woefully lazy. The
climate is somewhat to blame for this
condition of affairs; though not as un-
healthy as generally supposed, it is GER
tainly enervating because of the long
continued heat and the great amount of
moisture in the atmosphere. Bountiful
nature has made existence without work
ute possible. The climate is so mild
tdat clothes are worn only for conven-
tons sake. and not as a protection. The
costume of the lower classes usually con-
ssts of a pair of short trousers and a
Evening star., 1912-09-08
MRS. ALBERT BACON FALL WIFE OF THE SENATOR FROM NEW MI

also Of the society to mark historic
spots. She has labored earnestly and
the outlook Is hopeful The ID. A. r.
and other patriotic societies hope TO have
a splendid boulevard open from ocean 10
ocean before the San Francisco exposi-
ton opens its treasures TO the public.
Mrs. Fall, though not entirely confident
that this dream will be realized. is
among the advocates OF the broader pol
icy. She wishes not only to mark the
old trail with bronze tablets. but to per-
form the practical work OF making q
good road adjacent to the great trunk
lines which followed the padres trail
from Kansas City to the gateway OF the
Pacific.
Evening star., 1912-09-08

meet immediate requirements. Miss
Jouett is fine horsewoman and she will
join the hunt club. She is already a
member of many country clubs about
Old and New Mexico and adjacent to
Long Beach and Los Angeles. She has
travelled extensively in this country and
in Europe and is well equipped for social
success. She speaks Spanish as we'll as
her mother tongue and her training also
Includes finished course in French.
Senator Fall comes of a distinguished
Kentucky family and his mother, who
born Edmonia Taylor. was related to the
famous Gov Adair, who figures in
that lively controversy of the Mexican
war with Andrew Jackson as chief dis
putant. Miss Jouett is named for tn
mother of this illustrious chief executv &
Evening star., 1912-09-08

have spent the summer at Long Beach,
Cal, and going to Chicago or to Los An
geles on a shopping trip is something
which is quite usual in our vicinity
Il have visited Washington many times
and i anticipate pleasant winter when
| finally obtain home and get the do
mestic machinery running smoothly. Our
home In Salinas is vast ranch some
what removed from general travel, though
entirely accessible to the trunk roads
We live in the open. surrounded by the
comforts which only rural surroundings
bring. We keep interested In the affairs
of life through the herds of sheep or cat
tie which range the hills. Ny husband
being native of Kentucky has of
course. some fine horses, but ii would be
impossible to imagine a Kentuckian en-
tirely bereft of blooded horses when he
has a farm. IL is a delightful existence
quiet. yet filled with interesting details.
We raise glorious fruit and vegetables
Our honey is world famous and our fowls
add substantially to the wealth of the
state.
There is no need 10 praise our climate
Its fame is international and we get an
increase OF visitors every year and no.
table number OF permanent settlers lured
by the mildness OF summers and winters
and by the health giving properties of the
dry atmosphere at all times Among our
blessings are magnificent sunsets.
They have again and again been depicted
on canvas. but the artist does not exist
VINO could do full justice to the glory of
the spectacle. The changing colors mink.
yellow and purple. and then the soft mel
low afterglow which lights up the peaks
and the distant mountains for hours after
the sun has dropped below the horizon.
are too elusive for palette and brush
Our young people in New Mexico have
wonderful pleasures. but so different from
those which engage attention i'm the east
that II is difficult to realize that We are
all one great nation. Long horseback
rides. trips up to the mountains. picnics
TO distant points to enjoy a specially fine
vista-all these form lines of discussion
for days and long months after the event
We have the usual social pleasures also
dancing parties included. Sunicient of the
Spanish civilization remains to give dane.
ing a high place among the social ac
complishments and these fetes occur ever
more frequently than in the eastern com
munity Life in the open prevails gen
orally, and the concerts given in tho
plaza as in old Mexico and i'm Spain ar,
recognized social center and favorits
place for the young people to gather. Or
ranch. or hacienda. the old name
goes every family possesses a pAtriarcha
quality Each hacienda seems self-suf
fcient and few articles OF food com'
from the outside. The houses are on
Evening star., 1912-09-08

the Atlantic for ocean-going vessels.
Nicaragua by way of the San Juan river
and Lake Nicaragua to Granada, instead
of by the longer and more tedious route
around Cape Horn. But with the chanSe
of conditions and the diverting OF its
commerce into other channels IT mas
come to be comparatively unlmportant
commercially. Managua. selected as the
capital in 1852, is important chiefly be-
cause it contains the seat of government.
Nicaragua is a republic and its gov
ernment is modelled after that OF the
United States. The president. however.
has great deal more power. He is
nominally chosen by the people, but is,
as a rule. the head of a successful army.
The present incumbent is not soldier
by profession. Before he entered politics
and banker in the confidence of various
foreign corporations operating in the
country. The president appoints all de-
partmental and municipal officers and
can in this way be sure that his plans
and policies are carried out. He can also
disfranchise voters of opposing factions
by impressing them for military service.
The presidents cabinet is composed of
five members chosen by himself. There
is only one house of congress, the mem
bers of which are elected by universal
suffrage for a term of two years.
Nicaragua maintains an active army of
4 900 men in time of peace and a reserve
ped body, but rather effective fighting
Evening star., 1912-09-08

this tablet erected to the unforgotten
dead The first who penetrated into what
is now the state Of New Mexico were
actuated by the usual motive of extend
ing trade. Col. Zebulon Pike arrived in
1906 and previously another Missourian
named Pursely had penetrated into the
domain Of the Spanish viceroy Both
were arrested and their goods confiscated
by the Spanish authorities and Col. Pike
spent some time as a prisoner. Later
the Spanish in Mexico and the American
authorities made an amicable agreement
about guarding the trail across the joint
territory from hostile Indians.
Mrs. Fall is member of the Good
Roads Association in New Mexico and
Evening star., 1912-09-08

padres took from the Rio Grande to the
Pacific ocean and which was followed
faithfully and without deviation by the
later Adventures is stiH to be finished
We that travel over the same road in
luxurious sleepers would do well to re-
call the memory of those who blazed
the path. The story Of the mule pack
days is a fascinating tale and when the
tourist wagons begin to fill the page of
history it seems the beginning of the end
of the long story. The tablet which
marks the trail in Sante Fe was un-
veiled August ~ 1911. when i'm the pres
ence Of distinguished citizens of the capt
tai and of the territory the governor s
daughter. Miss Madeline Mills, uncovered
Evening star., 1912-09-08

vented her from becoming clubWOman
i'm the general sense. though she has JOIN
ed many of the societies which mean the
development Of the country Intellectually
and socially.
Senator Fall is a member of the Fine
Arts Society OF America, and has served
on its national committee. This love Tor
beautiful things is shared by his wife.
Their library is one of the best IN the
state. and the senator Is always adding
new treasures to his vast store. He has
a fine assortment of volumes hearing on
the history of New Mexico. a division OF
the story of the United States which Is
still a disputed topic among historians In
general Leading an active life, Judge
Fall has not contributed very largely to
the story of his adopted home. but he has
gotten together some valuable literature
On the subject. and he VIII perhaps IN a
sore leisure period of his life publish
..y,ething which will shed new light on
is'st sA,niM.
The new senator from New Mexico and
his family belong to the progressive type
in every essential. Both are deeply con-
cerned I'm broad social problems, and the
senator is giving close attention to the
cost of producing food stuffs. to the rails
ing of foods and all that pertains to the
subject He intends to embody his con-
clusions so that the entire nation may
profit by them. Though he made his vast
fortune in the corporate industries. and
was afterward counsel for many other
great corporations of his state, he is not
even remotely connected with such a con-
Germ. His great ranch now represents his
sole possession and engages all his time.
History is a very popular theme in my
community" said Mrs. Fall. 'and we are
all familiar with the main facts regarding
the thrilling chapter which has ended in
the admission of New Mexico into the
family of states. Spanish America is lit
tie known. however. In the general way.
and few realize how much the develop
ment of the west is due to the pioneers
along the Rio Grande. Last spring the
old Santa Fe trail was marked with ap-
propriate ceremonial, and the incident re-
vived much forgotten history about those
early travellers. The trail 10 now open
and appropriately marked from where the
old national pike crosses the Alleghanies
through Ohio down to the Mississippi at
ST Louis and thence across to Kansas
and over the mountains to the quaint and
venerable city of Santa Fe. But the jour-
ney which early Franciscans took to the
Salt lake, and about which Is now Salt
Lake City. is a memorable one in Mexican
annals, and the marking OF this path re-
mains TO the future.
Likewise the journey which tha early
Evening star., 1912-09-08
ANDING of u. S. Marines

7 ANDING of u. S. Marines
l. in Nicaragua Brings the
Little Republic Into the
Limelight-The Natives of
the Country Are Usually
Woefully Lazy Great
Waterways and Lakes
The Principal Cities of the
Country-Wonderfully Fer
tile Soil and the Pleasant
Climate-The Government in
the Republic Coffee and
Rubber Plantations Make
Their Owners Wealthy.
Evening star., 1912-09-08

HE revolution in
Mica ragua. W ] I h
the attendant dan
ger to American
life and property
and the consequent
landing of Amer
lean marines on
Nicaraguan terri
tory. has brought
this Central Amer
lean ncighbor more
fully in the lime
Evening star., 1912-09-08

EW sections of the
country are more
fascinating I h a n
the southwest. and
few members of
the official world
create so much at
tention as those
from the former
domain OF Spain.
The a d v e n I of
Judge Fall, as he
Evening star., 1912-09-08

machine of great endurance and moblll-
ty. Every citizen is required to serve at
least one year in the army. There is no
real navy. The government has eight
small steamships carrying guns. but the
chief business of these boats is to pre-
vent smuggling.
Among the inhabitants the Indian ele-
ment predominates. although there are a
number of unmiXed whites and negroes.
The upper classes are generally of Span
ish extraction with a generous admixture
of native blood. The Indians of the
west and central portions of Aztec
descent. and retain the mild, afnlable
characteristics of their forefathers. The
Indians of the east-called Caribs. or
Mosquito Indians-are of an utterly diff
ferent race. and are small of stature and
round of face. Their race characteristics
are different from those of the Indians
of the west. Then, too, there are in
Nicaragua a number Of foreigners in
cluding people Of almost every nation.
Along the fiat. low-lying Atlantic coast
there are many lagoons, that afford ex-
cellent shelter for small craft but. are as
a rule. too shallow to be used as harbors
for large vessels The only exceptions
are the lagoons of Pearl Cay and Blue
fields. These are shallow, but they serve
fairly well.
Most of the population, wealth and in
around lakes Nicaragua and Managua.
The east is generally unimproved. with
the exception of the region around Blue
fields, and there foreign investment is
largely responsible for prosperity. Blue
fields, on the BlueHelds lagoon at the
mouth of the Bluefeids. or Escondido.
river is the most energetic and promis-
ing town of the east coast. 1t is the
H. <~f
the community From this port are ship
ped enormous quantities IF bananas and
other fruits. as we'll as rubber and some
gold. great fruit company has large
tracts of the swampy coast land sur
rounding Bluefields laid out in banana
plantations and private enterprise is lay
ing out more acreage every week. The
gathering and shipping OF bananas and
the gathering Of rubber form the princi-
pal industries of this section.
1t may be noted throughout Nicaragua
that wherever foreign capital is behind
an enterprise it is generally conducted in
an up-to-date way, and all modern i'm
provements and machinery are used, but
when left to the native Nicaraguans they
are usually satisfied with the primitive
methods of hundreds of years ago.
In the region around Bluefields are
large foreign-owned rubber plantations.
The tree from which the rubber is made
in Nicaragua and inde ed throughout
Central America. is a different tree from
that which supplies rubber along the
Amazon. The Central American rubber
tree is species of wild fig botanically
known as Castilloa elastica. 1t is easily
recognized by its large leaves. Foreign
capitalists have set out large numbers of
these trees. but the native rubber collect
ors still prefer to search the forests for
the wild trees.
They go up the rivers and little streams
in small boats and thence into the for
ests. When they find rubber tree they
make V-shaped cuts nearly all around
its trunk. These cuts are made about
every three feet all the way up. The rub
Evening star., 1912-09-08

CHE Is a Recent Addition
- to Society and One Who
Has Yet to Make Her Bow
to Official Washington-Has
Visited Washington Only
Briefly, and Then on the
Usual Mission for the New
conner, Hunting a Home for
the Winter Miss Jouett
Adair Fall, a Daughter, Re-
Gently Graduated From Bel
mont College, Los Angeles.
Evening star., 1912-09-08

generous scale and capable of sheltering
very large company. The summer
brings guests for every member of the
family and is usually busy time for the
homekeeper. 1t is the idyllic life much
the same when the stately Spanish
senoras ruled their households in the
days before the American conquest
Mrs. Fall comes of distinguished an
cestry. She was before her marriage
Miss Emma Morgan, daughter of the late
Josiah G.. Morgan, native of Arkansas.
but more prominently known in Texas.
Mr.. Morgan went to Texas in the late
forties and was first president of the
Western Texas railroad His wife was
Laura Garland and she was the first
cousin of Clevelands Attorney General.
The marriage of Senator Fall and his
wife occurred in the Morgan home then
at Springfield Tenn. Mrs. Fall had been
carefully educated by her father and
later she studied in private schools i'm
Little Rock and at Na~hville.
X
After her marriage she went very soon
to the almost desolate territory of New
Mexico. But she has always taken keen
pleasure in intellectual pursuits and she
entered most heartily into the life of her
husband and his efforts to develop his
adopted home She has found every com
the success of her husband has proven
that every sacrifice she made in those
DAYS was well worth it's cost. There are
four children in Senator Falls family.
His only son. John NJ. Fall. known
through the state as Jack" Fall mar
ried last year and is now living on the
ranch at Salinas. Young Mr.. and Mrs.
Fall will spend part of the season here
with their parents. There are two mar
ried daughters. who were Alexia and Car
oline Fail. The elder, Mrs. Chase, re-
sides close to her parents in New
Mexico. but the other. Mrs Overton. is
in Pueblo, Col. Both are expected in
Washington some time during the winter
and certainly for the inauguration fete.
The youngest member of the family.
Miss Jouett Adair Fall is naturally the
most important at present and she Will
be among the buds of the coming sea
son. Miss Fall spent the winter In Sante
Fe where her father was serving as a
member of the senate. She was great
favorite there and many entertainments
were planned in her honor. Miss Fan
will he a decided addition to the younger
set. She was educated at the Huntington
school near her own home and then took
a course at Belmont College, Los Ange-
les, Cal. She is talented in music and
art and will no doubt continue her stud
les here during the winter. But she also
inclines to all the pastimes of the young
and popular. Mrs. Fall has no idea yet
where she will find . homo which VIII
Evening star., 1912-09-08

TN the vicinity of Union station there
are several little towers that cannot
fail to attract the attention of the
passer-by, whether he Is city resident
or merely a visitor in the capital These
structures, which stand about eight feet
high. are part of an up-todate system
for controlling the various lines of cars
that lead up to the station as center
of traffic. Although they have been there
since 1908 there are many who have but
a vague idea of their operation and sig
niicance.
When the new station was completed
and 1t was decided to run cars from
every line At the city around the plaza.
the problem Of constructing the switches
necessary to carry out this plan proved
to be a difficult one. The cars coming
from different directions were to ap-
proach the station by separate tracks and
then switch on to d common track IN
front of the building. This necessitated
a large force of f1agmen who applied the
ordinary chain-pull so much In use
throughout the city. For four months
this continued and then the officials OF
the two companies-Capital Traction and
Washington Electric-met and talked
over the difficulties. The result was that
the present system was installed
This method bears a strong likeness TO
the signal system used on steam raii-
ways While there are many technical
features that are not exactly clear to the
average person, still the working as a
whole Is very simple and extremely In
4aesting. Ali the switches and Sgnals
Evening star., 1912-09-08

the wiring conduits pass between the con-
trolling and switching mechanisms. There
are five of these towers altogether. and
they have been placed around the station
in this order: One at the eastern plaza
of the station and one on the western
side. at Delaware avenue and & street.
at 1st and r streets northeast and at
North Capitol street and Massachusetts
avenue.
The use OF this system in Washington
is one OF few instances where such .
method was employed on so large a scale.
That 1t has worked successfully-and as
a matter of fact there has never been
a mishap-has been a source or graunca-
tion and pleasure to those who gave II
trial here They point with pride TO
its numerous advantages, which are in
teresting TO consider. Ii does away with
a large force of fiagmen, as one man In =
tower can do the work OF four men in
the street Ii also provides reliable
switch, as the operator cannot make
mistake once the lever Is turned As a
whole, Ii is more economical, quicker and
far more attractive than the regular
mode OF handling switches used In other
localities.
From an artistic standpoint which is.
after ALL the most important to the city's
residents. there is no doubt that the in
stallation of the little signal towers has
aided i'm beautifying that part of the city
in which they are built. Certainly they
are far neater and more inviting than
the little shelters usually erected to
house the switchmen. They are not high
enough to be seen at any great distance
and with their quiet coloring and pleas
ing design they fit into q landscape that
Is RAPIDLY becoming one Of the prettiaGt
70 be found around our beautiful oaty.
Evening star., 1912-09-08

of her fathers state, who was a distant
kinsman of Senator Fall Senator Fall
and his wife have taken a deep interest
in preserving history in the detail as it
relates to families, to counties and small
er environments than in the state as a
whole. Mrs. Fall has always belonged
to historical societies in New Mexico and
has taken an intelligent view in aid
ing societies which trace genealogies and
thus preserve q most valuable part Of the
country's record. Her busy life has pre-
Evening star., 1912-09-08

BY MARGARET Il. DOWNING.
The Washington herald., 1912-08-25
The Cosmos.

A glance over the programme for this
week at the Cosmos Theater gives prom
Use of richly interesting entertainment.
Conspicuous in the list of offerings is
]. c. Tremaine & Co. in the comedy skit.
up Against 1t" The appearance OF
this act at the Cosmos Theater this week
represents its Washington premiere. 1t
is said to be quite a departure from the
usual thing in one-act comedy sketches
and comes to the Cosmos stamped with
the recent approval of New York.
The very name of La Beregier gives a
suggestion of French whims and char
acterestics, which are to be shown in
artistic posings. The humorous and gay
side of the life in the Bal Tabarin and
along the animated Rue des Italiens of
the French capital will be reflected in
laughable sketch called Visiting
Paris" which Is the new vehicle for the.
talents of Lew Orth and Lillian. The
musical feature of the weeks bill will
be In the hands of Carhona and Togero,
producers of mandolin melody.
Droll minstrelsy will be represented by
Dicks and Wade, two deans of black
face comedy, who are TO appear in a
lively sketch, which they have named
Coin to de Party" An unusually long
list Of current news happenings in
Washington and other parts Of the
world will make the Pathe's animated
newspaper" a special feature of the
week, in addition to the new picture
plays.
The Washington herald., 1912-08-25

Van Buren, Is expected to surpass the
success which he made in Clifton Craw-
ford's role in Three Twins He will
follow closely Tom Lewis original char
acterization. Gertrude Bondhill Will once
more dance and sing her way to pop
ularity as Goldie Gates. the part played
originally by Ethel Levy. Izetta Jewel
will be seen as Florabelle Fly, a San
Francisco newspaper reporter, and Mark
Kent will also be a journalist, Sing Song,
editor of the Pekin Gazette. Graham
Velsey, who proved in Three Twins"
that he is an excellent dancer. will have
George Cohan's role OF Johnny Jones.
professional chorus of thirty from
New York will add to the effectiveness
of the performance, and Mr.. Poll has
secured the original scenic production
from Cohan & Harris, guaranteeing a
correct presentation of the spectacular
scene in which the ocean liner sails from