davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27
NEGROES OWNED SLAVES.
Actual Data That Shows Such Hold
,ngs CIri~s Slavery Days.

W, shall attempt to make an csti-
mate of the number Of negro slave.
holders throughout the period OF the
,Nistcntc ot slavery in america. and
Tie number OF slaves held by them. We
shall proceed upon the basia OF Ger
tain data already ascertainei. soNs
calvin pill Wilson in the course OF an
article in the Popular Science Month.
~
Let a. take first the date l7s0 Ia
tina, year there were IN Maryland fnr-
weight NEGRO Shareholders. owning
= ~ slaves.
Tbcre were then in that state free
regroes, s.043. Tho ratio Of negro
Shareholders in l7So i'm Maryland was
= in 49,. The average Of slaves per
owner Was s.
There We're i'm 1875 m Now orleans
Gao SLAVES owned by free negroes. The
average 81 slaves per regro cWler in
Maryland was, as We h1vC shown. ..
Takine the same average as holding IN
New prlesas la relation tu these sac
S4sAN t's w AsANt 10 NNiii u navy NN'-
,rs in New Orleans in 1896 We may
safely assume that the. -wetc as many
more in TIE whole state e Louisiana,
ell 42G in al. az that date.
There were i'm louisiana in 1880 eve
have the census by decIios. and moi
1910, The ratio OF the i26 colored
slave owners To other free negroes
would be in 20
Again. ia Charleston : e., there
We're i'm iS6o cclored slave owners 49,
We may safely assume that there Nerc
as many more in the whCle state Of
South Carolina, az Pea IN all
In 1859 there We're in south Carolina
fee cclor, Il people. 9,slf. The ratio is
~ every - other free c0lorcd people
IN that state at that time
There were in The slaveholding sta
ties during the whole period OF slavery
at least 100000 free negroes. This can
he estimated Ivy taking the total cen
Sus OF free negroes. by decades, from
1899 10 1860 dividing i'm half TO avoid
counting any one twice and dividing
again in Ialt 10 exclude the free states.
Taking the ratio of in lG1 in 1i9C
in .iarvland, and ] i'm 80 IN Louisiana
in 1896. and | in 80 in South Carolina
III 1860. and taking their sum and
dividing Nv 3. We have the ratio o.
in 50 as a slave owner Applying this
ratio TO the 100000 free negroes, We
have $500 negro slave owners.
Accepting the proportion of slaves to
each owner, as found already. each,
we have more than $4,000 slaves held
by negroes i'm the course of slavery in
this country.
We believe this to bc very moder-
ate estimate. We are of the opinion
that these figures are much below the
fact.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27
UNDER SMILING SKIES.

President Elect Wilson Will have a
his disposal positions paying in th'
aggregate thirty million dollars year
This does not take into consideration
thousands &c positions protected 10y
civil service rules. nor the fourth class
! postmasters recently placed il IN,
classified service ~ President Tart
Governor Wilson Is an ardent civil
service relormer and while he is Will
lng To see Democrats IN ohi-e he IS
not likely 10 countenance anything in
the way OF clean sweep" Ii
would be poor policy for the president
to turn himself into On oftoe-broker
when Tie country is waiting anNiousl,
to see something done and 10 get i,
over with.
The new president will distribute tho
patronage ali right enough. but it is
a safe guess that he Wiz 20 about il
in lesurely and systematic manner.
The csuntr, is now 50 far civilized
that the idea tEat tie president is
elected merely to portion out proven
der TO the faithful is offensive to men
IF an parties
Governor Wilson is now basking
peacefully in the Bermuda sunshine
There are Few English folk Of
charming manners around, but they
DO not want a thing. they are per-
tec,ly satisfied. Automobiles are not
allowed on the hard white roads. ana
the president-elect is driving his bicy-
Gle in a climate that is rivaled only
by that II Minnesota in November
Eight hundred miles Of water. and
deep water. too, divided him from the
party hunger that knows 10 brother
Tie mas declared that for the next
thirty days be wishes to substitute
thinking Tor talking Thinking never
hurt aryhcdy. nor any party The new
chief is all right. = anybody bacl;
home is hungry let him take up
hole in MS belt
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27
- - ------------
PLAYS AND PLAYERS.

cohan and HarriA are to revive
stop Thief"
Marie Cahill may appear III new
musical comedy.
Frank Monroe has been engaged lol
u part in Ready Money"
II. Reeves Smith has secured "a play
entitled THE Dust of Egypt"
Grace La Rue is to appear in vaude-
vile in The Record Breaker"
The Havoc" adopted to English
taste. is to be produced i'm London.
William Holcomb's sketch. "Hef
Last Rehearsal" is to be played again
The new play by Louis y. Parker
for Nine Simene is called The Paper
Chase"
Lewis Waller and Madge Titheradgc
are to appear together in The Butter
fly on The Wheel"
Charles Waldron has been engaged
TO play a prominent role with Mrs.
Fiskc IN The High Road"
Norman *. Hackett is to appear in
a decentralization of q. Henry's story,
~ Double Dyed Deceiver."
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27

author, Edward knuhlauch. will at
tend rchearsals.
Robert Mantrll Is preparing to pres
cut "ChWlemagnc" i'm New York early
Ia the spring. Florence Rockwell Will
be his leading woman
The Orpheum circuit is going TO
enter Texas, Fort Worth Dallas, San
Antonio and Houston being the towns
where thcaters will be erected.
Twelve thousand dollars "A week is
said TO be the cost of the Sarah Bern
hardt read show which will start on
it's tour from Chicago on December ,.
Henry Miller is to produce a now
play called "Blackbirds." by Harry
james Smith. author of Mrs. Bump
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27
Thanksgiving and the Turkey

Thanksgiving and turkey are said To
have been discovered at the same
time. when the hungry New England
fathers discovered the luscious bird
rnosting around Plymouth Rock,
Thanksgiving day. was inauguratetl.
Both have been popular ever since.
a number # curious customs. not
all gdstrouomic have grown up around
the celebration. Among them is the
presidential habit Of proclain!ing the
day. SO forcefu has the custom be
come that the nation cannot give
thanks officially until the chief exccu-
tive has uttered the word. II care
less president should not feel ,hank-
full, or If he should be merely forget
full. the autumn might go without 1t.
cole holiday. But there would be
doubtless enough interested employees
of the nation to make the suggestion
IN time
Governor William Bradford an
nounoed the first American Thanks
giving in 1871. The governor Gale,
on the pilgrims TO give thanks over
| the rlenteGus harvest Of that year
| Long sermons were preached To tn,
men. while the women remained IL
their homes and prepared equally lone
dinners. The provincial preachers
| stormed at the housewives for tn,
lack Of gcdlIness in ATTENDING to foo,
when matters of the spirit were in or
| der. but IL * recorded that the sam,
ministers ate as heartily as any q few
hours after the service.
The whole thing was paradox. Th'
| women were compelled to STAY a
home and were roundly abused for :,
doing. In 1854 Thanksgiving was de
creed legal holiday in Massachusetts
| The day was first set i'm August anC
| frequently followed the arrival of {
ship well stored with provisions or ;
| victory over the Indians
| After church services were estab'
l,shed. The ministers made the day tn
occasion for sermons on the cordittoi
OF the state and politics Nas no
barred. on one occasion u -
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27

pastor in Connecticut prayed: And 9
Lord. endow President Jefferson with
"a gcodly portion of Thy grace. FOR
Thou, q Lord, EnoWest that ne need
eth it,"
Tie festival phase Of the day was
1T irgt entirely in the hands II he
women. But that was before tie IN
Nenippn and the dome stication OF foot
ball fat turkey at one. end Of the
table and fat chicken at the othcr enc
was the decoration demanded by the
time. This was varied by the entry
II the shout or small pig. roasted 20
"a brown, or by the addition of vcnison.
If the head ct the house was q luck
hunter Bear meat was sometimes
and II Is recorded that one metl was
Interrupted when it was learned that
the deer MAS shot on Sunday.
The indian who hGd made tie XIII
was given SO lashes and the morey
which had been paid him was taken
back. After this formality the early
chronicler continued that the dinner
party was resumed and The vonison
eaten.
About the midGlc Of the last CEN
fury the custom of paying society"
calls was introduced IN the upper cir.
cles at New York. Ward McAllister.
then leader called on the elect On tina.
DAY, and the families ON whom he
showered his attentions were the fla
rored for the year
Since tsG1 the last Thursday IN
November has Lcen set apart a.
thanksgiving day The proclamations
are the samc each year. and leave lit
/ Tie room f"r presidential rhetoric or
Tor very spontaneous expression.
! EVERY year the Thanksgiving elmer
became more elaborate Turkey l.
sim king, whatever the price Of poul-
try and despite the ever-aeccnding
cost ~ living. The careful housewife
sometimes visits the farm from which
her trophy is t. come. Pumpkins.
made INTO pies. also have taken on
's"me OF the halo of the dav.--Chicaeo
Post
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27

oates should caution his warGrus L
should fire that lower peninsula war
den who is accusing upper peninsula
hunters of shooting At hunters iron.
The lower part Of the state with view
TO frightening them so they won I
come up here any more. Nothing
could be more ridiculous. Its too alb
surd for serious notice. Such %
warden has no business in the de-
partment.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27

Pauline Frederick has returned to
the stage and is doing splendid work
with Nine. SimOnc's company:
Kathryn Midder is to go into yaude-
vile with It condensed version OF her
former play, Madame Sans Gene
1t is said that Bayard Nillier's play,
THE Fight will be rewritten and
that Helen Ware VIII be the star.
Bought and Paid For has been
such a success i'm Chicago that it may
run there for the rest of the season.
Edwin Milton Roylc's new play The
Cnwritton Law il To- bc produced by
II. II. 'razec early IN the new year.
Guitry, the famous French actor, Is
TO produc" "Kismct' i'm Paris, and the
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27
BIG COINAGE IN
ENCLAND'S Mint


London. Nov s7.-"Hullo. here's a
| new sovereign"
So said diner picking up his
change M a West End restaurant last
night And he sazed with pleased Gu
riosity at what he evidently considered
! I rarity.
But lie WAS wrong Il was only one
Of 3",5oe.000 slVereisns coined durins
the year Exactly how little OF a rari-
~ new sovereign really is was re-
vealed in his report, issued last even
inS 10y tL- deputy master Of the mint.
Exclusive of bronze the sovereign L..
apparently the most popular cola and
next TO The SOVEREIGN comes he shill-
ing
some idea OF the colossal output OF
the mint is shown by this cable Of
coins ndnt.d during 1911.
'ialt s0ycreisns ........-.-.. 6.O0O. goo
Halt crowns ............-..... 100000
FloriES .................... $4,000
Shillints ",..... .................. ~, GOo,00
SiNpcnses OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. 10, goo 000
.Threcponuy pieces .......... 100000
The Year was remarkable, says tho
report, for the ,ssue Of gold coin. whi.h
amounted To over $4,000. Gee. an in
crease OF nearly :iO.OOo.O0O over The
gold issue OF laI0. re make this gold
upward II 55.CO0.Cc9 ounces of bullion
were imported. In addition TO this. the
light gold coin received for coinage
amounted L. over S1O,O60.006.
Where is all this nor y held Part
at any rate, is kept in general circula-
ton. but Ut the end of last YEAR banks
in the United Kingdom he'd gold COIN
a;;e VI vah;e of s21e.0c0,000.
1t is in bronze that the mint begins
To weigh money by the ton. These
were the bronze pieces coined turing
1911. and their weight.
No Tens
Pennies .......... 25.ss0,0O0 2+cia
Half pennies ...... i2,S42,4O0 II So
Farthings ......... j,5es,OOc $50
So heavy was the years worl: ~ the
mint. especially in the geld coinage,
that it was impossible to undertake
any colonial coinage.
Coins. however, are made. not only
at the mint. The police during the
yeaI took possession of l.7l0 counter
felt coins. and 14a persons were con
yicted of making them decrease on
increase IN three previous years.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27

President raft has quietly informed
friends that no matter how active his
participation in 2 reorganization Of the
tepublican party may be he Is not To
be- regarded or publicly referred to In
political speeches by Republicans as
possible candidate of the party In 1915.
The president has made IL plain tna'
he does not wish 10 be considered as
IN any way having an eye on the FIRST
place on the Republican ticket four
years from now. In other words he
~ not self-seeking.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 81, 1871
THANK SOWING.


If lhudhood's early lessons in man
aers a hrst teaching Is to say Thank
yuu." Tnat is a primary precept OF po-
likeness. The 10y or girl who fails in
this regard Is n-bred. AnG tho
ruth runs all tho Way through lite
gratitude is elemental TO the cultivated
character.
As men sr5w IA the grace Of graft
tJde thus learn TO Dee thanlful FOR
Jaiugs that were once considered as
burdens, rather than blessings
The ease and comfort Of life is pro
rnotcd by the lubricant Of gratitude
courtesy oils LIES machinery. Polite
ness The essence Of which = app,ec.a-
,ou, has been found. in the experience
# the centuries. to promote good rela-
Iouship among men. Ne get along
moro rapidly If We take time fer the
Icgosuueu 81 all services rendered w..
The art OF saving Thank YOU" sin
gerely and oppor;unely is more use
f1l social accomplishment than that Il
knowing the latest fashions
IT We are thnk-l-ss ve shall he
Hauklys- p,runenuy REMARKS Amos
r. Wells The trouzhuess. like little
.t.-. .r. --...-.-. f-s,-,. .. ,t.i,. .;srt,
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27
nlaH HANDED ACTION.

-um' provision. of our game lave
are absurd and some Of our game
vardens o,..l~Hous. Not lca OK
tram are Daa outart ro hans around
town and watch PASSENGER trains for
possible Illegal shipments when they
should bc truudng through the woods
,u search of ytoiator Most Or the
'ioimors are TO be found fr tho woods.
not OF traius-bu wmpug is hard
work The other da. q, roa Noun
tain. e men who had been ,isitins
friends in the copper COUNTRY. WIS a
passenger rn train ou his way nome.
Hc had with him the stuffed heed Of q
deer. which had been kslcd ten or
twelve years ago. 1t was "a present
To- him from friend, lie had nothing
70 ito with the killing Of tn animal
ind "A violation OF the game laws was
Tar from his mind. Yet p, Wis ypie
cut by one OF these UNer-zealCus gamc
wardens. brought before a justice Of
the peace aud fined twenty-five dol
lars. What do you tEink OF that,
High handed action We call It, II
that's the law the law ought sE~edily
20 Ice changed It's a fool law at best.
The man who accepted the deeT head
as sift did no more than any ordi-
nary man would do, Game Warden
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27

culture says that the moulting hen is
responsible for the shortage I'm eggs.
Then the hen must have moulted siX
months ago. They're cold storage eggs.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27

Some inane individual is circulating
$4,000, Watch out, one is easily in
duced to accept SO small a thing as a
counterfeit $4,000 bill
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27

Martha Il. Hunt who died recently
~ S"nyivillc. Mdss., had great hor-
ror of cruelty either to man or hgJst
and IN her will left about Sl,0oo,ooo O."
The Society for the Prevention OF CrH-
city To- Animals. the Society for the
other organizations of tie <ind.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27

rhe popular vote cor president in tho
i'l2 election shows Wilson polled 6
l96.7is votes, Roosevelt 3.S2S,liO;
TAFT 9.a7G,a-2. The Socialist vote fol
Debs amounted TO 672.7S3 with returns
from seven state stnl unavailable
The Prohibition vote for Chain
amounted To- 1GOe,f. with the vote OF
ciehi states still unavailable. In 1903
Iryar pGlled 639SlS2. Mr.. Bryan
doubtless w.Il compare his total will
thar Of wilson's with a treat dea
of saur"s.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27

\ new record was made in Washing
ton the other day when a messenger
bCv was arrested for oVerspeeding.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27
WOMAN SUFFRAGE DEFEATED

II 3ppgaTs That woman suif1age Ia
0esu defeated in Michigan. This is a
bitter disappointment 10 The ddrocates
/ Of The issue. particularly the women
who favored it, Their regret les keea-
er than If defeat mad been announ ed
immediately after election for defeat
really was expected by the majority
II them and they would not have
been surprised if such an 5utcoru haG
been made known when their ho9er
lad not been built mn so high and
uI,r- nsd. for rpo eyercts. of thei.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27

In the midst Of plenty" says DR..
Wiley, we are starving" Is the chief
trouble Indigestion or shortage of
cash?
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27

Edison says that in d few years
women everywhere will be cooking
ed?
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27

Seryid can't expect "a big helping.
\ small slice of Turkey is better than
a heaping dish of crow
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27

William, Willie and Biz is the
name of the play 10 be put on next
spring by the Micomi club of the
college OF mines It's sounds good,
aud In the hands Of the talented mem
bers OF the Micomi club undoubtedly
will be "a big success.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27

atead-Leigh." In this latter play Laura
Hope crew will make her dcbGt as e
star under Mr. Millcr's direction.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27

\ Los Angeles judge rules thai
women should refuse to give their
husbands breakfast If they remain out
al, night Usually a man doesn't wan'
breakfast after o night out
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27

New York police are try ina m
check roller skating by childreu ir
the streets. ~ fruitful source of gr
cIdenls
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1912-11-27

An exper, of the department Of asri-
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1912-06-26

handeIaps greeted Chairman Parker
as he made his way up the middle
aisle through the groups of delegates.
The soft rain that fell at Intervals
all day set in again toward nightfall,
adding to the humid heat, and the
atmosphere of the hall was oppressive:
At Sis Norman E. Mack climbed
the stairs to the stage and conferred
with Parliamentarian Crisp and Judge
Parker.
Mack Drops the Gavel.
At S:25 Chairman Mack dropped his
gavel and the night session was on.
The Rev. w. M. Dame of Baltimore
then delivered the prayer.
In conclusion, the Rev. Mr.. Dame
led the assembly in the Lords prayer.
The congregation will join in the
Lords Prayer" he said, and the con
gregation". really did. A murmur that
grew louder and more confident as
the familiar lords went on, swept
the big hall and the whispered
Amen" was full throated and clear.
MI. Mack introduced again Judge
Parker and the temporary chairman
resumed the speech which in h af-
ternoon was interrupted.
In opening Judge Parker comment
ed on the Republican convention at
Chicago, where he said the words
liar" "corruptionists,' traitor"
"thief" were freely used.
w will have nothing like that in
this convention" he said.
Following is the text OF Judge Pdrk-
er's mark preceding the conclusion
of his set speech:
Mr.. Chairman and Gentlemen of
the Conventions: Last week in Chicago
there met a great party, the purpose
of which was to saw the party from
destruction; here in this city the Dem
ocratic party meets for the purpose
of helping the country. In that con-
vention, inside of it, and outside of it,
there were heard the words liar
thief 'robber,' 'corruptionists,' 'brib-
err but no such words will be utter
ed in this Democratic convention.
I'VE nave had a little difference
here today, a question of men but,
my fellow citizens, there was nothing
said on that occasion by any of the
we're or intended to be unkind. If.
for a I thought the chief
speaker was a little bit harsh, [ re-
membered, on the other hand, those
three magnificent struggles that he
had made for the Democratic party in
this country 1 realize that this meant
much to him, and that if he was mis-
taken with reference to myself, as L
believe he was, that it was my duty
to forgive it and to stand with him in
this convention.
My fellow Democrats, there is one
place in this convention that he is
wanted, one place where he is ca
pable of rendering great service, SER
vice unsurpassed by anyone. and that
is the chairman of the resolutions
committee and I hope and believe
that every man of the resolutions
ommittee will honor himself by cast
ing his vote for that great leader for
chairman of that committee.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1912-06-26

Mayor Preston, the Nebraskan spent
the early morning hours in CORE
spondence and then went to the con-
vention hall to attend the meeting of
the resolutions committee.
The delegates are saying below
stairs that you will write the party
platform" wasksuggested.
But a Progressive platform would
be a rebuke to the convention would
1t not was Mr.. Bryan's reply.
MI. Bryan was told that many dele
gates believed the vote yesterday in
dicated the convention was progress
sive and he would be able to name
the candidate for the presidential
nomination.
Il think 1 have given h opinion
that the convention would have the
reactionary stamp with the qualifica-
ton unless the delegates e. from
home The vote would Indicate that
1 am down"
But not out" added a friend.
With the qualification that L don't
mind it a Bit" smilingly said Mr..
Bryan.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1912-06-26
THAW ON THE STAND.
Slayer. of Stanford White Testifics in
His Own Behalf.

White Plains, N. Y, June 26.-Harry
anniversary of his shooting of Stanford
of examination by William T. Jerome,
who is opposing Thaw's fight for re-
lease from the Matteawan asylum. Mr..
Jerome reminded the witness suddenly
of the anniversary of the tragedy and
questioned him sharply as to circum-
stances of the killing. Both Thaw and
his counsel, Clarence ]. Shearn, quick
ly interposed objections on the ground
that Mr.. Jerome was showing animus
and serving private interests"
Mr.. Jerome declared his questioning
was within the province of a mental
examination" and ne was generally up
held by Judge keogh, but was unsuc-
cessful in his apparent attempts to
make the witness display undue agita-
ton. The question of Thaw's motive IN
killing White did not bother him.
1T was on accoun of the cold
biooded way in which he had done
things to my wife and other girls he
declared firmly.
ThaW was extremely unwilling TO
give an account of the killing and re-
piled again and again hat he could not
answer; h questions were too broad.
You understand that we are here TO
find out If we can, whether you are
crazy or not, don't you?" asked Jerome.
II can't answer hat question: re-
piled Thaw.
Asked why he could not, the witness
not answer.