, 1912-10-30

S"N' OIIA HUH US W "OcOs 4AOih AhO
Black Sea to the Adriatic Sen, through a
length of nearly 500 miles, while in width it
varies greatly, being in the eastern part from
only fifty to q hundred miles wide, but ex-
tending III the far west to a width of nearly
400 miles. Turkey thus limited has been
once very much larger, but has been reduced
from time to time by the forclble separation
OF former provinces and their erection into
separate States. OF these States we are now
concerned with four Kingdoms, namely the
Kingdoms of Greece, Montenegro, Servia and
Bulgaria. OF these Greece lies to the south
and includes a subordinate peninsula called
Morta mulberry leaf, from It's peculiar form
the other three are on the north. MOntene-
gro. the most westerly Of these three,
IS Il tiny kingdom among the mountains,
its name i'll fact means the Black Noun
tain. In size it is just about equal
to our neighbour Porto Rico, and its pop
uiation does not come up to a quarter Of
Il million, hence is not equal to a quarter Of
the population Of Porto Rico nor halt that of
Copenhagen. Yet this little kingdom, which
seems never to have been subject to Turkey,
has been the first to declare war.
ii is worth noting, however, in this con-
nection that the little kingdom Of Montene-
gro is under the friendly wing Of the great
Empire Of Russia, and we may suspect that
Nicholas the King trusts to the good Offices
of Nicholas the Car to help him in case of
serious d ItficuIty. In any case he has two i'm
portant allies to the east of his kingdom,
namely Seryia and farther to the east Bull
galin.
The kingdom of Servia stretches from
the Balkan range III the south to the
Danube III the north, where just across the
river lies territory OF the great Austrian
IA,nIipn CDn,;o 10 oh,,,t S"D +in,n, flo c;uo
Of Montenegro, or a third as large as England,
and has over two millions and q half of
people.
Bulgaria proper lies between the Danube
on the north and the Balkan chain on The
south. To it was virtually added in 1885 q
large territory to tie south called Eastern
Roumelia, also Of late years Southern Bull
garia. The two together form a kingdom
twice the size Of Selvia and having q popu-
lation of over four millions.
The above named three Kingdoms are Of
ten spoken of as the Balkan States. With
them is now allied the kingdom Of Greece
on the south, hence there Is q qnadrnple OF
four-fo)d alliance against Turkey, the QVn-
6ru90Hce presumably to be pronounced
quad'ru-plIs, following the analogy of the
Hord ~accomplIce, the last syllable in both
words being derived from 'plico" l fold).
l he Kingdom 81 greece is larger IMAM Ser
via, but much less in extent than Bulgaria.
IL consiats of the peninsula of Morea with part
of the Balkan PENINSULA Ihessaly )and a consi-
derable number Of islands, and has Il popuIa-
ton about equal TO that of Stryia, say %
millions. It's ruler, as every body knows, Is
King George, son Of our late revered SOW
ereign King Christian the ninth and uncle
of our present king.
We have 50 far pictured the Turkish ter
ritory as q strip crossing the Balkan peninsu-
10, hemmed in on the north by the three
Balkan States, and faced by Greece on the
south. Let us now ask how the Turk sh
territory itself is made up. In The east is q
comparatively narrow strip consisting Of that
part of Ronmelia which has been left to Tur-
key. In this portion we find the capital, Con-
stantinople, and the large city of AIriano-
pie, of which mention has several times been
made in recent kilograms. Next to Roumelia
going west comes the large province of Ma
cedonia, which may be sad to be the chief
bone Of contention III the present fight. Its
principal city is Salonica, a large porr at the
head of the gulf of the same name, au
- - H. .Do, c., I al. ~