davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1912-09-06
Democratic Ticket.

For President-WO WILSON,
of New Jersey.
For Vice President-iTHnS p MARSHALL
of Indiana.
PRESIDENTIAL. ELECTORS.
State-at-I,arge:
Floyd Estil1 Franklin County.
Dudley Porter, Henry County
BY Districts:
l. Cy H. Lyle, of Washington County.
Frank 2. EEis1fssiwrr, vi Roane County.
8. E. N. Haston. of Van Buren, County.
4. M. c. Sidwell, of Clay County.
S. L. f. Warner, of Marshall County.
8. K. L. Peck, of Robertson County.
7. w. c. Whitthorne. of Maury County.
s. Heron Person of Madison.
9. r. L. Suddath. of WeakIey County.
10. R. B. Baptist of Upton County.
For Governor-BENTON McMILLIN.
For Congress-FINIS ]. GARRETT.
For State Senator-ROBT. A. ELKINS.
For Floater-J. l.. COCHRAN.
For Representatives.. R. McDADE.
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1912-09-06
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1912

Entered at the post Office at Union City Ten
aessee. as second-class mail matter.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-26

one-thousandth OF a pound too much, the
supply of some kinds of seed would come
out about thousand pounds short, and
this would mean an inability to meet the
promised quota.
The sealed packets are emptied into
bins that feed the chutes leading down
to the third floor. Here are moving four
endless belts. before which girls are sit
ting, opposite the openings of the bins.
Five bins, or five kinds of seed, at each
belt are worked at one time, thus making
a package combination. The large empty
package envelopes are laid on the belt at
one end and move slowly along. AS the
envelope reaches the girl at the radish
bin she slides in a packet of that seed.
The next girl puts in the lettuce, the
next the carrot or beet, and so on until
the package contains its five kinds.
The packages are then fed into a seal
ing machine. and from there go to the
mail bags. The addressed franks are
pasted on the envelopes before they are
filled. The best record on q belt made
this year was 500 packages an hour
average number of packages for 1911,
sealed, bagged and delivered at the rail-
road, was 10000; this year the average
was 10000 a day.
OF vastly greater value to the agri-
culture of the country is the original
object of seed distribution-that OF the
Introduction of new, rare and improved
varieties to increase the agricultural re-
sources of the people. This object has
never been lost sight of. In fact, any one
of dozen and more items on the list
of new foreign varieties that have been
introduced or varieties that have been
bred and developed by the department
are worth to the country immensely more
than the cost Of congressional seed dis
trfbution and introduction work from 1852
to 1906. inclusive. which has been
SALT, 4O2
The one item Of durum wheat cost less
than $4,000 to introduce and establish
in this country. 1t has proved to be the
staple crop of more than 100000 acres
of western land, too dry to grow other
wheats, and its yield is worth annually
not far from S1O0,000.G00. The popular
form of seed distribution, a mere side
issue of the original purpose grew to
the present magnitude for the reason that
the demand for government seeds exceed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-26

comes from Europe, including bulbs, and
some vegetables such as kohl rabi, sugar
beet. brussels sprouts and rutabaga.
This ground inspection is very impor-
tant. The expert looks out to see that
the types are strictly maintained and are
not getting crossed and confused; that
the purity of the stock is kept UP, and
that the precise varieties called for are
being grown. This has beneficial effect
on the seed trade at large. The high
standard maintained by the department
for it's seeds during recent years has
tended to increase the demands for more
and better seeds from commercial dealers
The inspection does not end here. Every
lot of seed as 1t arrives at the ware
house is sampled and the sample is tested
for termination. From 100 to 200 seeds
are counted out and placed between
moist blotters In a terminating chamber
or seed incubator. At the end Of a GER
tain period. which varies with the kind
of seed. the seeds that have sprouted are
counted and the percentage of germina-
ton is determined. When the germina-
ton is low 1t is compared with the per-
centage of other lots of seed of the same
kind purchased in the open market, and
IL 1t is not much lower than the aver
age the contract seed is accepted. In
some years shipments of entire carloads
have been rejected. 1t is. however,
serious disadvantage for the department
to reject seed.
The envelopes have been printed by the
million, and IL a certain variety Of carrot
seed is rejected the envelopes must be
reprinted with the name OF the substitute
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-26

ed the supply of new and rare seeds.
The new and rare species do not go out
in the general distribution until estab
liShed. The quantity of seed is too small
and too precious to risk wasting A few
years ago the bureau of plant industry
sent out TO a certain section of the south
special cotton seed. bred by the bu-
reau experts after nearly ten years OF
work. Only one man in the district look
a chance on growing it: his neighbors fed
1t to their stock. His crop succeeded so
remarkably well. produced so proIifica.ly
and SO fine quality, that his conserva-
tive friends came begging for the seed.
There was not enough the first year.
but after another season the progressive
farmer had enough of the seed, after
saving sufficient for a crop. TO supply
his friends at $40 per bushel, which they
Were glad to pay. The cotton is now
being extensively raised in that state
and is bringing "a cents pound. as COM
pared with L. cents for the old varieties.
The rare kinds go first to state expert
mental stations and to propagators and
progressive farmers known to be relia-
Bile and expert men. The plant Introduce
decides where Ii will best succeed. and
makes periodic trips to look after its
progress. Where the value has been
proved, and il can be propagsted in suf-
fcient quantities. small amounts are
tried out in the congressional distribution.
The congressional distribution reaches
many people who make good use of the
seed Every year grateful letters are
received that in themselves seem to make
the work worth while Last year a re
port was made by a little Pennsylvania
girl. She had recovered her sight after
having been blind most of her life, and
one of her first pleasures was the little
garden she had raised from the free seed
She had sold the flowers and with her
profit had bought six hens and rooster.
The chicken business netted her 500 and
when, shortly, her father fell i'll and was
out Of work. this sum bridged the gap.
Some years ago old farmer In West
Virginia wrote that he had started q corn
field with one packet OF seed, and that
now his son was supporting the entire
family with a field that had been grown
from the original. A great deal of this
free seed goes to almshouses. state insti-
tutions and TO schools for school garden
work.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-26
Scientific and Technical Side of Annual Distribution of Sc

1900 packages of five packets of five
kinds of seed each. In the present year
the quota is 2O,COO packages of vegetable
and 1900 packages of flower seeds. Null
tlply1ng by 22OO0 the number of con-
gressmen, 485, the seed expert gets q
total of 1O,67O 900 packages of seed to be
distributed. Actually the quantity this
year is in excess Of that figure by about
2OO0,OOO.
Now comes the problem Of deciding
from this figure how much seed is to be
bought. as seed is purchased according
TO weight. This is delicate and expert
problem. 1t has to be figured out from a
knowledge of the weights of the different
kinds of seed, and the proportion of the
various varieties required by the sections.
sub and sub-sub-sections. BY a lot of
dlfncult nguring the expert arrives at ex-
act amounts, such as, in the case of
radish seed, $4,000 lbs, the largest sim
gle item, and of lettuce, 1900 lbs, the
next largest, and so on down the list OF
onion, Deet, carrot, parsley. sweet pea
aster and the other vegetable and flower
seeds.
The bids for contract seed are submitted
in January for seed to be delivered the
following autumn, when the packeting
ana distribution begins. During the in
terval between the end of the seed dis
tribution. the latter part of April and its
resumption in November there are sew
eral months given to inspection of the
seed gardens where the contract seed is
oSihS 6Ao"A TIC government, OolQg n
der no necessity of making money. and
being solely interested in helping other
people to make it. or to make more, holds
as its primary object the maintenance of
high standards of quality
On this principle the two men directly
in charge of the congressional distribu-
ton, Mr.. l.. NJ. Estabrook and Mr. ]. E.
w. Tracy. cover large range of the
united States every summer, appearing
suddenly on the large seed ranches of
California, where all the lettuce and
radish as we'll as many other kinds of
seed are grown or of Iowa and Ne
braska, where the sweet corn seed is
bought: or of Wisconsin. Michigan and
Nav York, where most of the supply of
pea and bean seed comes from: of Kan
sas, Nebraska. Colorado and Oklahoma.
the source of muskmelon, cucumber and
squash seed: of Georgia and Alabama.
where the collard and okra seed are pro-
duced, etc. Some of the flower seed is
raised in California, but most of it still
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-26

they would extend over an area nearly
double the size of Massachusetts. Be-
tween sixty-fve and seventy million
packets of vegetable and flower seeds
have gone out to about fourteen mil
lion individuals who are chosen by
their congressman as lucky recipients.
estimated cost of this distribution.
which is just concluding.
The congressional seed distribution
can be dated back to no less a per-
sonage than Benjamin Franklin, who
In 1870 sent home from France guam
tity of foreign seeds and mulberry
cuttings. This gift marked the pur-
pose OF the seed distribution of today.
which is TO introduce new and prof
liable varieties from other lands to
breed new species. to encourage gar
ton and quality of seed, to discover
drought and disease resisting plants,
and in general to assist farmers and
gardeners to raise better crops and to
realize greater values
In 1888 Congress appropriated $1,000
to be expended by the commissioner of
patents in collecting agricultural
statistics and for the purchase of the
seeds OF new and rare plants
In 1901 the bureau of plant industry
was formed. and since then the entire
work of seed and plant introduction
and distribution has been consolidated
under the chief of this bureau, Dr.
b. T. Galloway.
The congressional garden cost in
1905 s290000. the high-water mark of
expense. and the progress toward
efficiency and economy made by the
bureau is shown by comparing this figure
Win the correlated figures of the present
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-26

fiscal year, when at an expense of S231 :
l6O the quantity of vegetable and flower
seeds distributed Is double that of 1905.
As demonstration plant of econ
omy and efficient service the seed
warehouse here in Washington is a
valuable school In the first place, the
managers of the distribution start out
with basic knowledge of every sec
ton of the country and the plant pref
erences of each. They divide the coun-
try into six great sections. and accord
duce more abundantly and better re-
suits in certain climates and soils
these seed experts plan out on paper
about forty combinations of vegetable
and flower seeds. five kinds to a COM
bination. Each member of Congress is
allowed two of these combinations,
and never more than five. There must,
of course. be line drawn beyond
which complications cannot increase,
and forty is the limit of the seed COM
binations. There are lettuce and radish
packets in all vegetable combinations.
Discrimination is carried to an even
finer point. The state of Maine is in
the section to which watermelon seed
is allowed. But Maine gets no water
melon seed because the reports from
that state have agreed that watermelon
is not lucky gamble so far to the
north and east. If you live in Detroit
the seed expert knows that you have
few window boxes in your city, and so
omits from your flower combination the
kind of seed sent out especially for
these miniature gardens. In the same
way, from knowledge of the habits
of the New Yorker and the Chfcagoan
window-b box flowers are sent to these
cities. And so throughout the country
the needs and characteristics of each
great section, and within the section OF
the state. city, suburb and farm, are mi
nutely considered in arranging the COM
binations sent out in this great distribu-
ton. Very little seed is wasted by falling
on stony and unfavorable places.
The seed is bought from wholesalers
out of surplus stock grown in previous
seasons. or 1t is grown under contract
for the department. Here, too, scientific
knowledge decides what kinds of seed
are best bought in one way or the other
Many seeds are improved by storage
in warehouse for year or two. About
10 per cent of the seed purchased is sur
plus stock, the remainder is grown under
contract.
The first thing TO be established is the
quota per congressman. In 1905 this was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-26

ed variety, and the old envelopes are held
over until another year.
The percentage Of termination is the
deciding factor and not the price. The
experts have sometimes rejected seed
worth more than the contract price be-
cause the termination was low. One
year $4,000 Holland bulbs were returned,
a large portion of which had decayed.
Another year the $4,000 pounds of onion
seed bought at Is cents pound jumped
to s1.5O a pound, but as the seed germi-
mated Sc per cent 1t went out in the free
distribution.
When the seed has been accepted and
stored in the warehouse the department
passes the business of packeting over to
a contractor The holder of the contract
this year is the largest manufacturer or
folding boxes and paper containers in the
world. This concern has invented very
successful packeting machine for the pur
pose. One of the largest items of re-
trenchment to the credit of the depart
ment is due to the effective use of ma
chimes. In the old days, when the packets
were filed with a spoon, one girl could
average little more than LOCO packets
day. One day this year a grand total of
SO4, 900 packets, filled and sealed was
made by this machine, twenty-four of
which were in operation, a number
equivalent to the work of nearly so girls.
One woman operator is required for each
machine.
The seed is taken by elevator to the
fifth floor of the warehouse, and dumped
gradually into tunnels that carry the
seed down by canvas tubes to the ma
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-26

chimes on the fourth floor. The operation
of the machine is an interesting sight.
1t works with all the fine intelligence of
the brains that designed it. The little
seed envelopes are drawn in on belt.
lifted about a foot, spread open and
passed along to the feed slide. This opens
and shuts. opening precisely as the open
packet is brought beneath, and discharges
exactly the apportioned amount of seed.
The filled packet is then revolved about
to a pasting wheel, sealed and dropped
into a basket.
Six packets are carried on the larger
wheel at one time. and as each packet is
filled the motion ceases for a fraction OF
a second. A good average output for one
machine per day of eight hours is from
$4,000 to $1,000 packets; $4,000 is the
best record for this year. The best opera
tors, all girls, can do so to SIS a minute.
The operation requires a good degree of
intelligence and constant application.
In the first place, the seed expert
figures out just how much seed should go
into a packet, by dividing the total
amount of the seed on hand by the num-
Der of packets required to meet the
promised quota. A few sample packets
are then run off the machine and weigh
ed. If the weight does not correspond
to the experts figure the machine is ad-
iusted until it does. With the seeds most
difficult to handle the feeding apparatus
does not vary / per cent Of the required
amount.
Several varieties Of seed of coarse and
irregular shape offered each a special
problem that required nice adjustments
and careful operation in order that the
exact amount should be fed into the
packet. Beet seed was troublesome for
this reason, and cosmos seed fine hair
ko at first c1npRed the feed glide.
Even radish seed. which is round and fine,
brushes so easily, exuding oil, that the
machine had to be stopped frequently to
be cleaned. But in spite of these diff
culties the work went on at an average
of about 100000 packets a day.
Accuracy in feeding the seed is most
important feature. For if by the varia-
ton Of the machine the packet should run
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-26

+ all the free seed
distributed b v
Congress to it's
constituents i n
I h e p a st I e W
m o n t h s w e T e
planted approx
mately 100000
gardens W o u ] d
now be sprouting &.
And If all these
gardens could be
brought together
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-26

- 8 Sz1 - - . 50 3
zzl 5iRka155xz@z=zaez -- By Her
This Is Not ar
The year found the maple despar-a gaun creakng,
rheumatic wreck stripped to his battered limbs
Then spring whispered courage his desoae heart
he felt the tob of youth and forgotten ambitions sped from
branch branch barking back duty every tuoig
o the CALL
The Wer and their stead
tapestries in green and and golden yeHow.
Here cmp of uiolets lifts above the grasses. There gay
of daisies the hillside and yonder
cIooer mods her dainty head foragng bun,blebee.
The vagrant bring with the fragrance of
orchards, the the lush the hedging
with mullen and sunoac and berries IN fower
For further details the works Of Agernon Charles
SUinburne any seednan's catalogue)
No. this a song of spring; the contrary it's hard
hitting prosais, talk to qutterso whove stopped believing
In Themselves and possibly you
All nature trying make you understand that can be-
gin tell that no loss utter but what
be replaced teach that failures ferti
Ezers for growth.
You expect lose a little to gain much.
The sapling bear try, but with hope
undin,nhed oes and STRIVES until fuis its mission.
you inferior to a chestnut? Will you let a crabappe
you with shame?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-26

Kaufman ---=--.----.-~>.
Ode to Spring.
do insist that faith hong you strength
with which to attempt.
There hour splendid that that
surnsount defect.
Hardship only hurthi cou,ard It can't break reaf
mans back-it only sti6ens his backbone.
Fortune rowns uDeakHngs. quit when you're HIT
your opportunity but you resist and persist you
come back with undnnnsted determination, of
yours is uain
You still competent sound worthy if YOU iH
beHeue it
And better with your behind
than those whose storms and sebacks before
former place is filled, don't uporry-theres ample
room Somewhere else Don't split skinned milk while
there's SO much accessible cream eDery hand.
Most OF the leading IN history had be kicked
their conptacency and punished for
cerafnties.
Maybe abilities which you didn't suspect-per.
haps all along capable of far
quite possible that for deeds
sponsibiHies.
This time don't be afraid to aim high put and
take a first class dare
Even miss the mark can't fall farther
bottom and you're there already
Spring than seosonits an attitude nnind-fs
always the right moment to blossom out
TaÌˆgliches Cincinnatier volksblatt. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1885-1919, 1912-09-28
$500 Selobnmng.
4uf Die Grgreiiaus Der Wi6rSer bee
Gofumotipiiihrsrs @aueaman
ansgeirgt.

Eie Gountp GommiHdrs 6aben ges
fern auf @eranlaHung bes Staatss
4npalts pogut cine 8eIobnung pon
$500 auf bic grgr.ifung Der beiben
gfeser ausgeIeet, pelfe am 0ienitag
9l6ene nobe Glare, g.. ben 2otomos
tipfiihrsr Gtorg Wausamnn BON
SciotoDias nisberssIdofen unb srs
mo,ost baben. Die gldtforihung.n
na6 ben Morbbub<n perIefsn bisbsr
erfclglos.
polisiit Gelltr perbaftete frlb ses
fern Worsen einsn Rsser. tpel9sr iit
als Ssnrp Gotparbs rsaiitrirts, als
nisisr ben 2ittle Wiami 8dbnbof pers
iieb. Tas 4subtre bes Gefanssntn
ioa Der bon Jrau Glifabstb Sbaroon
gessbensn geihreibuna eines Der Re
ger sniiprsden, Media bic olte 5rau
tetanntli4 am 9onneritas Rahmit.
iaa iiberfielen uno in brutuliter WeiIe
mibbnnoelten. Gnnaros bebduptet,
init oem slttentat ntdts 5u tbun ge.
habt All bahen. Gr miro NIT 5rau
Sbaroon tonironilrt lDeroen.
TaÌˆgliches Cincinnatier volksblatt. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1885-1919, 1912-09-28

4
alls bic sSdlIe geaen bie gleeer
Charles 0ibIon. unorbsntlihes Betrns
gen, uno hilbert Brofpn, Worbdnqriff,
aufgerufen tpurben, itellte es iif bers
aus, odb Griterer niht sur Stelle mar.
0ibfon mar pom 8roinn fp1hrenb ei.
nes Gtreites niebergefhlaesn fporben
lnb bate einsn GhGbelbruh erlitten.
Gr mar als poli3eiesfangensr na1
bem itd6tiihen 5Dfpital gebraft unn
BON ben 9ebDrben Der 4nitnlt mad iei
ner 0sneiung einfah entiaTen fporben,
pbnf bah porber bic pplissi befahrihz
tigt fporben mare. Rihtsr Cppenbs Z
mer CAB Isinsr Gntriiitune iiber oisfes
etgenmd4tige 0erfabren Der 6oIpitals
bebOrbe trdftisen 4usDrud unb err
tlarte, fih In bieisr Qngelegenbait nit
bem DISQUALIFICATION Gai6 in Der
binouns ieben 3u molten. grIt Dor
Gursem fuaren atuei anbere poli3eigs=
fangene, ipslhe ols potisnten i'm 6os
ipital ipeilten, unter dbnlihen ltmitdns
ben unp obne aerntnib Der goli3si aus
Der Initalt entl1IIen iporoen.
TaÌˆgliches Cincinnatier volksblatt. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1885-1919, 1912-09-28
unfdae.

- Die % Sabre ulte 2orstta Wur=
pbsp Don ylo. 2528 6ddbsrrp Strabs
ftuno geitsrn Rahmittag an Der gde
Der Woooburn Qpenue uHo mcWiQan
Strabt dui Dem gaufbrett elmer Straz
beHbaAncar, i'm 9s8riffe ab3uiteigsn,
aIs lie pon Dem in peniel6eH 4uqenz
Bid porbeifabrsnosn Qutomobil Deg
Ghas. U. Rebbuu BON go. 1928 Dana
Aoenus qeitreift uno CUR StrdBe bin
unteresThisuoert puroe. Die 0erun=
gIiidte puroe BON benz Rotorcncles DO
li3iiten 4uitin Warttn oufgeboben uno
in oem automobil oes Rebhun ndh
eer Sffice bes Dr.. Jrssrit, g1p. 1882
Chapel Strabe, unb BON bort, na iis
nur Ieitt perlest Doresn mar. beimgse
bratt.
- Die 8 Sabre alts Ruth RoIeus
tbal BON 9dtberrp unb gIapton Straz
be rpolte geitern Rdhmiitdn ouf benz
Dege na6 Der 5offmannzShule Die
Woooburn Ipenue treuSen, als iie BON
elmer Rorpooo Gar oeItreift uno 8ur
Seits aefhleuoert purbe. 9as aino
tam gum Slid nit leidten aontuiipz
nen uno Shrammsn bapon.
TaÌˆgliches Cincinnatier volksblatt. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1885-1919, 1912-09-28
Gte.GrlaubniRideine.

lSamss 6. Robsrts. 80, 526 9anb=
ridge Ctr.
laelen. 6. arosman, 10. 503 osssl,
}Ratban Ron, %. Detroit Wih.
lGslia SiIpsrman. %. 1869 gldrtSt,
lGra 9. aslisp, "a. giepes. ..
lSmOesns 6. Sin, q. besgl.
}Gbdrles !. acpe, 80. 761 W. 8 ct.
t5tlba Jris. %. 47o4 Gosepopb glp,
|Glap Sadipn, %. 6O7 Carlisle 2(De
lRoie Craig. %. 62l Solicit Str.
IsJrant Silseman. 50. 1884 Race Sir
Minnie 4ilfiod. %, 900 Sim Ctr.
lgertie g. Mummap. %, 222e
| Sbaopsn Str.
lGlfis R. psters. %. 1884 4us.r
Gitp ape.
lgbarks 9ortmann, 26, Rorpoob.
alorsnes Gapies. 26, 745 aenpoHAp
i5obu G. WirHsl. %, 1896 Dalnut
/ Strabe,
laOrena u. Raoloff, is, 213 0sf
libertn Ctr.