davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1912-06-28
ROPE IN SUNDAY CLOTHES
Fibers Sometimes Get There From
Irvine Around the Wool, Despite
Every %Preeaution.

People who have had the expert
ence of pulling fbers of rope out
of their Sunday clothes will prob
ably be relieved to know that the
cloth maker was not trying to spread
his wool over an unreasonably large
territory by the addition of jute or
hemp. The fact is that the bits got
into the wool when the wool was
bundled up and came from the lutte
or sisal Irvine with which it was
tied.
Some Of the fbers of Irvine made
of jute or sisal become loose and de-
tached from the parent body during
shipment and work their way into
the wool. The manufacturers find
it impossible to get these odd fbers
out of the wool in the securing pro-
cess, and the result is that they go
through the carding or combing ma
chimes, are spun into yarn or thread,
get into the material for ones
clothes, and not until that point is
reached begin to work their way out
If the cloth. If they are plainly Wis
ible on the surface of the cloth of
course they can be removed at once,
out sometimes they are so deeply
embedded in the fabric that it takes
4 long time for them to come to the
surface. Then it looks as if the spin
ner had expanded his supply Of wool
by using hemp.
For this reason Irvine made of pa
per is being manufactured for WOO
growers to tie up their product. Thi:
twine is just as strong as the old
kinds, has a perfectly smooth sur.
face, thus offering no opportunity
for loose bits to break off and be-
come embedded in the wool; is light
in weight and is cheaper in addition
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1912-06-28
G. DRUMMOND,
Chairman.
H. C. CHILES, Secretary.
A Great Daily Newspaper at
Half-Price.

The Kansas City Daily and
Sunday journal, Kansas City,
Mo, is making a great reduction
in its subscription price for the
National Campaign Year, Any
persons sending $500 can have
his name placed on the list for
the Daily and Sunday Journal
for a whole year. This is a one
half rate from the regular sub
scription price, which is $500
per year. Persons who desire to
follow the campaign and keep
thoroughly informed on the pro-
gress Of events can do so by
sending $500 and receive The
Kansas City Daily and Sunday
Journal for a full year. This is
the greatest offer ever made by
The Journal on the eve of a
Great National Campaign. Do
not fail to accept this great ben
eft by sending $500 and take
advantage of this one-half rate to
secure the great Daily and
Sunday Journal for a whole
year. The offer will not be
good after March Is, 1912, and
those desiring the great Daily
and Sunday journal at half
price should send at once. Ad-
dress
The Kansas City Journal.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1912-06-28
To the Democrats of Lafayette
County:

OOuuJy
There is a nationwide senti
ment against favor-seeking in.
terests financing political cam.
oaigns, and the most w%le-
some way to throttle hat insid-
ious encroachment upon the
rights of those who want jus
tee substituted for fayoritism
IN the affairs of government. is
for the individual citizen to
realize that a responsibility
rests upon him to contribute fl
nancially for the furtherance of
those political ideas that are
.consonant with his own views
of justice in government affairs.
The frank and positive refusal
of Missouri's candidate for pres
ident, Hon. Champ Clark, to ac-
cept campaign donations from
Questionable sources, brings the
question of the people financing
campaigns sQuarely up to those
who are demanding justice as be-
tween organized monopoly on
one hand and the everyday citi-
zen on the other.
1t is perfectly clear to all SEN
sible men that no campaign, nat
ional in its scope, can be CON
Quoted without the legitimate ex-
penditure of quite a lot of money.
If we want a president of and
for the common people, we, the
plain, everyday citizens must
contribute mOdestly to see that
the candidate who most nearly
represents our ideas is gwen a
fair, square opportunity to win
upon the issues and his merits.
The attitude of Speaker Clark
should appeal to honest men OF
every political faith, and his
positive enunciation of such a
principle should quicken the
conscience and loosen the purse
strings Of every honest reformel
in Lafayette county. AS chair
man and secretary of the Lafay.
cite County Democratic Commit
tee, we have decided to inaugur
ate an opportunity for Lafayette
county people to contribute t
the Clark Campaign Fund, ant
accordingly have mailed sub
scription blanks out to the var
ious voting precincts, We espe,
tally urge all thosse in%teresste,
not to wait for the paper to b
presented to them, but to In
quire about the subscription an,
make their contributions early
Sums from so cents up. will b,
accepted and if RENTED to II
&c. Chiles, Lexington, Missouri
will be forwarded to the st
Louis Republic where the list o
contributors will be published an
a receipt forwarded to eacl
donor.
Attend to this at once ant
thereby manifest more than
passing interest in the efforts o
democracy to again bring tn
people into possession of thel
own.
B. G.
Chairman.
II. c. CHILES. Secretary,
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1912-06-28
LOOK"

l will sell eggs from my prize
winning Partridge Wyandottes a
one half the regular price the
balance Of this season. These
birds have won "Two State Sill
yer Cups" sweep stakes in sew
eral leading shows and blue rib
bons galore. 1t is an opportun-
ity you may never have again to
obtain eggs from this great breed
at such a reduced price. Ask
for mating list.
VINCE E. OWEN.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1912-06-28

Miss Ella Carter left Friday
for a visit to several points in
Wyoming. She was accompanied
as far as Kansas City by her
mother, Mrs. Ella Carter.
Miss Anna Chamberlain and
her neice, Miss Nancy, returned
from Kansas City Friday.
Gustav Drumm and two grand
daughters, Dora and Ella Horn,
went to Kansas City Saturday
to visit relatives.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1912-06-28
H AUrocRAr.

City Friend-Which rules in that
rural Eden of yours-you or your
wife?
suburbanite (meekly)-Neither.
We have to mind the cook.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1912-06-28
THE

GLOW my spring flowers are shoot
ing up" remarked mamma, in the
garden.
"That's because they have pistils,"
suggested wise little Tommy.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1912-06-28

Tom-When he goes to church he
puts a nickel in the contribution
plate and when he goes to the theater
he pays 50 for his seat.
Jack-That shows that he wants
to be close wherever he goes.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1912-06-28
THE WRONG ONE.

Don't you like a broadening
lifep"
Not much I don't. I am paying
to have my surplus flesh reduced
now"
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1912-06-28
A WAR CRITICISM.

ga newspaper writer wants to
know how goes the Turko-Italian
war"
81 think it must go in a circle. 1t
doesn't seem to get anywhere"
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1912-06-28
Ends Hunt for Rich Girl

Often the hunt for a rich wife
ends when the nan meets a
woman that uses Electric Bit
ters. Her strong nerves tells in
a bright brain and even temper,
Her peach bloom complexion and
ruby lips result from her pure
blood her bright eyes from rest
full sleep her elastic step from
firm, free muscles, all telling of
the health and strength Electric
Bitters give a woman, and the
freedom from Indigestion, back.
ache, headache, faiting and diz-
zy spells they promote. Every
where they are woman's favorite
remedy. If weak or ailing try
them. so cents at Crenshaw q
Young.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1912-06-28
pRooF OF h.

"My husband had some good
punch at our house last night"
Il know it. My husband came
home just full Of it"
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1912-06-28
CONSISTENT.

Elm one way the primary sustains
its name"
"What is that?"
at is not a secondary mateer."
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1912-06-28
COMPETITIVE DISTINCTIONS.

'My uncle went riding In a
friends runabout."
"Thats nothing. Ny brother was
knocked down by a real touring car"
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1912-06-28

Little Misses Laura and Mary
Spurlock left Friday for
their homie in Amsterdam, No.
after visiting relatives in this
city.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1912-06-28

The Kansas City Journal.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-10-27

President t. E. Welles, whose en-
ergy, zeal and enthusiasm have all
combined to make the preparations
for this years Fair the most COM
plete in the history of the association,
was seen by a Journal representative
last night and asked IL he could make
statement to the public regarding
the attractions at the Fair grounds
this week.
THE Journal can say this for me, /"
promptly replied the big president.
I'VE are going to have the biggest
exposition Of agricultural products
that have ever been assembled at one
time on this northern gulf coast, and
our horse and motorcycle racing and
other free attractions will be super :
ior to any that have ever been pre-
sented in Pensacola. If the weather
is fair, as is now indicated, we ought
to have the largest attendance in the
associations history. and have no
hesitation in saying that the exhibits
and attractions will be worth many
times more to the visitor than the
price OF the admission to be paid"
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-10-27
ALL PREPARATIONS COMPLETED FOR OPENING
OF THE GREAT INTERSTATE FAIR BY GOVERNOR
ALBERT w. GLCHRIST ON MONDAY MORNING
PROGRAM OF THE INTER
STATE FAIR FOR THE
ENTIRE WEEK
SUNDAY, OCTOBER n.

SUNDAY OCTOBER a..
open today Sunday o'clock but
adittance buildings
with the fair office. No admission viii
MONDAY OCTOBER 2s
Morning-concert
the city
opening Gncast
O'clock
including
Hppodrome Company
$3.50 oclock-Baby show building
oclock-openng o
during n
TUESDAY, OCTOBER g.
stock judging
Aernoon-1:so o'clock
Immediately following
Judging in the wonans department
WEDNESDAY OCTOBER So
MornngJudgng agricultural department judging in poultry
wyandotes. langshans. baamas Rhode
Judging Of special classes in
AernoonlSO o'clock motorcycle racing followed by
bile racing hippodrome events
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 81.
Wednesday; judging special
Aernoon2:3o o'clock
Welles; hppodrome
Florida
FRIDAY NovEMRERA.A
Judging
racing under direction Captain
c. auspices Sale OF birds In
SATURDAY NOVEMBER
Morning-Gatheng Florida Press
Day-General visiting at the
Midnight-Offcial
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-10-27
GRUESOME FIND IN
HOUSE BASEMENT
Nude and Partly Decomposed Body of
Woman Discovered As Result of q
Note to Officer.
BY ASSOCIATED PRESS.

St Louis. Oct. 26-The nude and
partly decomposed body Of a woman
with five gasAes in her head. a rope
around her neck, gag in her mouth,
and hands tied together with a cloth,
was found today in the basement of
a house which had been vacant since
September 3.
Indications were the body had been
in the basement for several weeks.
The body was found as a result Of
a note to the chief of police. saying
if he went to the house he would find
the body. The note was signed "Jen-
ME Ashley
On the floor beside the woman
newspapers were folded SO as to show
the crime was committed by men al
Legged to have been connected with the
robbery of the New Westminster,
British Columbia bank.
The police tonight investigated and
being without a conclusion say that
several medical students placed the
body in the basement.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-10-27
ALLIED TROOPS
CLOSING IN ON
TURKISH ARMY
Advancing From All Along
the Line and Turkish
Forces Appear to Have
Their Back Against the
Wall-Uskup, Outpost of
Adrianople, is Taken.
By AssocIATED PRESS.

London, Oct. 26.-The advance OF
the allied Balkan armies continues in
the war with Turkey. From the north
all along the line from Greece on the
south. they are crowding back the
boundaries of the ottoman empire OF
Europe. The Turkish forces appear to
have their back against the wall.
The two pivotal points in Turkey
defense are North Adrianople and
Uskup. The Bulgarian army in the
east has defeated the Turks at Kirk
Killisseh, which was the strongest
outpost in Adrianople and appear to
have almost invested that fortress, ac-
cording to reports today.
The Servian army in the west
marched into Uskup this afternoon
without opposition. The Turkish gar
rison there withdrew on the railway
towards Salonki and said the sup
plies of the garrison would not justi-
fy an attempt to make a stand.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-10-27
MANY MAY CALL ON
RETURNING NORTH
Certain That the Second Di-
vision Composed of Five
Battleships Will Spend a
Week or More in Pensa-
cola Harbor During the
Latter Portion of Novem-
Der.
SPECIAL TO THE JoURNAL.

SPECIAL TO THE JOURNAL.
Washington, Oct. 26.-If present
plans are not changed the entire tor
pedo boat flotilla attached to the
North Atlantic fleet, will spend most
of the winter in Pensacola harbor.
Plans have been made for the vessels
to do their target work in the gulf.
and as on last winter, will go to Pen
sacola and spend several months. The
five squads of twenty-five vessels will
be accompanied by the Dixie, the
parent ship. and will go direct to
that port from Guantanamo.
1t has been found by the navy de-
partment that better results are OBJ
tanned in target work when the tor
pedo boats spend their winters in
Pensacola harbor, and while Charles
ton Is the base for these vessels they
cannot get the practice as in the
Florida port.
Unofficial statements are also to
the effect that it is possible the big
fleet OF battleships may spend some
time at Pensacola. At present the
Louisiana, Kansas, New Hampshire,
South Carolina and Vermont are
scheduled to spend about week in
the harbor. but intimations are that
these plans Will be considerably
Changed before the date of the arrival
OF the fleet, and it will not be sur
prising to see all Of the vessels In
thai harbor for a lengthy period.
VESSELS IN FLoTiLLA.
In addition to the Dixie the follow
Ing vessels are in the torpedo boat
tlotilla:
First Group-Reid, Flusser, Lamson.
Preston and Smith.
Second Group-Roe, Drayton. Nc
Call, Paulding and Terry.
Third Group-Mayrant, Perkins.
Sterrett and Wake.
Fourth Group-Patterson. Ammen,
Burrows, Monaghan and Trippe.
Fifth Group-Jenkins, Tanning and
Iouett.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-10-27
REPUBLICANS
HAVE SPENT A
HALF MILLION
Statement of Receipts and
Expenditures is Filed,
Showing Total of $751;
032.20 = Chas. P. Taft
Gave $4,000 and Andrew
Carnegie Donated $4,000.
By AssoCTATED PRESS.

Washington, Oct. 26.-Contributions
totaIling s5s1,o32.20 and expenditures
of s55S,311.25 in the republican presi-
Dental fund were disclosed by the A.
nancial statement of the republican
national committee filed today with
the clerk of the house Of represen-
tatives.
Charles p. Taft, a brother OF the
president appeared as the largest con-
tributor. The report showed he gave
$4,000 in two s25,00o contributions to
the New York headquarters and $4,000
to Chicago. Francis L. Leland, of
New York, gave s50.O00 and Andrew
Carnegie $4,000.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-10-27
CAMPAIGN FUND NOW
EXCEEDS THE $500 MARX
Mr.. WALKERS TRIBUTE TO MRS. WILSON,

Nh. WALKERS TRIBUTE TO MRS. WILSON.
n sending his
mind is the
distinguished
fill
Cleveland OF refer
wife Of president-AIrs Woodrow Wilson
me-
Of
Independent antier
paid to Woodrow is O
In mite, wish
$500
committee
Let's
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-10-27
BY ASSOCIATED PRESS.

Greenville, S. c., Oct 26.-Rev.
rhurston U. Vaughn, former superin-
sendent of the South Carolina Odd
Fellows home was today convicted OF
m assault on Eve orphan girls at the
home after he had confessed. This
afternoon he was sentenced to electro
sutton in the state prison at Colum-
oia on December 20.
Judge Purdy levied the sentence af-
ser attorneys for the defense had asked
.or a new trial and had been over
,uled. The request for new trial is
unusual In view Of the confession.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-10-27
TRY TO WRECK
M. & o. TRAIN
BY ASSOCIATED PRESS.

Meridian, Miss, Oct 2s.-Persons
unknown to the authorities attempted
TO wreck Mobile and Ohio passenger
train No. 2 due here from Mobile at
1890 o'clock tonight at Oktibee tres
tie. fifteen miles south of here. A
telephone pole was wedged into the
trestIe and heavy timbers were piled
against the pole Engineer Phieffer
saw the obstruction in time to slow
down his train but the pilot was
knocked off the engine and other dam
age done None were injured.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-10-27
BY ASSOCIATED PRESS.

Princeton, n. J., Oct. 26.-Govern-
or Wilson attended the Princeton
Dartmouth football game today Both
the Dartmouth and Princeton students
cheered him.
The governor this evening said
wall Street is not making my plans
when told of a report on Wall Street
today that he would not call a special
session of congress to revise the tar
liz if elected president He said he
would not consider the matter until he
knew whether or not he was elected.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-10-27
INVESTIGATION rs
NOW CONCLUDED
Former United States Senator Bever-
idss the Last Witness and Tells of
Returning Money.
RY ASSOCIATED PRESS.

Washington, Oct 26.-After hear
ing former United States Senator AL
bert J. Beveridge tell of returning
$57, 500 sent to him to use in his cam
paign for reelection in 1904. by Geo
w, Perkins, and others, the senate
committee investigating campaign
funds today adjourned Indefinitely.
Chairman Clapp believes the COM
mittee will hold no more hearings un-
I'll after the election.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-10-27
PRESIDENT IN
PENNSYLVANIA
Makes q Number of Speeches and
Leaves Cambridge Springs College
For the White House.
BY ASSOCIATED PRESS.

Cambridge Springs, Pa. Oct. 2s.-
President Taft left here tonight for
Washington, his vacation being over,
after speaking at the opening of the
National Polish Alliance College to-
day. On the way here he made several
short speeches to crowds at stations.
but avoided politics by dealing with
prosperity and peace.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-10-27
IDENTIFIES MUCH
OF THE EQUIPMENT
Police Chief Says He Took Large
Amount From Vaults of the Inter-
national Iron Workers.
RY AsSOCIATED PRESS.

indianapolis. Oct. 26.-Alarm clocks,
gum shoes, nitroglycerine cans, tags,
dynamite packages and wires which
the United States government author
tiles allege they captured from the
vaults of the international Association
of Bridge and Structural Iron Work
ers were identified in the trial of
forty-five alleged dynamite conspira-
tors against employers of non union
labor here today.
Superintendent of Police Hyland, of
indianapolis, testified he had taken
them from the vaults.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-10-27
SAY MILL OWNER
FIRED FIRST SHOT
Defense in Grabow Case Opens at
Lake Charles With Good Witness
for Union Men.
BY ASSOCIATED PRESS.

Lake Charles. La, Oct. 26.-The de-
tense in the Grabow labor riot case
today began telling its version of the
battle In which four strike breakers
were killed. D. w. Ellis testified that
he attended a labor meeting at Gra-
bow, saw riot begin and that John
Galloway, one OF the company owning
the Galloway lumber mill. fired the
hrst shot and not union men.
The defense viii maintain the mill
owners. in concerted defense against
the Brotherhood of Timber Workers.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-10-27
STREET GRADE
CONTROVERSY
THING OF PAST
City Engineer L. E. Thorn
ton Makes Statement
To the Public.
WILL NOW ALLOW
MATTER TO DROP

City Councils Approval of
Grade By Bond Trustees
Engineer Has Settled the
Question, Though Engi-
neer Thornton Maintains
That His Own Contention
is Correct-Says He Has
Performed His Official
Duty.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-10-27

The controversy over the Palafox
street grade. all Of which was the re-
suit of the city's top heavy and dual
engineering system, has been settled
for the present at least by City En-
gineer Thornton's decision to drop the
matter so far as he is concerned. The
engineer makes the following state
ment:
ENGINEER TO THE PUBLIC.
To the Public-Althougi am as
firmly convinced now as was In the
beginning, of the correctness OF my
position in the controversy as to the
grade of Palafox street between Gar
den and Romano streets, yet since the
city council, acting on the advice of
the city attorney, has decided that a
map entitled "Plan Showing Streets
to be Paved" made by T. Chalkley
Hatton, instead Of the plans and
Profiles" showing the grades of
streets, made by Waring, Chapman &
Farquhar, should be followed. and.
feeling that l have discharged my
duty, | have decided to let the matter
rest with this statement to the pub
lie of the facts as l see them.
In 1902. Waring, Chapman & Far
quhar, civil engineers Of New York,
were employed by the city to plan a
grade system for Pensacola In 1909,
they submitted a report, maps, plans
and profiles to this end. which by
ordinance were regularly adopted and
became the official grades of the
city.
A SPECIFIC EXCEPTION.
In 1907, T. Chalkley Hatton, en-
ployed as consulting engineer Of the
board of bond trustees, was empow-
cred by an ordinance OF the city coun-
ell to make plans and Profiles" for
the paving Of certain streets, said
streets being named, and Palafox
street between Garden and Main
streets being specifically excepted. He
did make plans and Profiles" of all
the streets that he was authorized to
treat, and recognizing the authority
he had been given, his Plans and
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-10-27
WALL SITS NOT
MAKING PLANS
OF GOV. WILSON

Is Told of Report That He
Will Not Call an Extra
Session of Congress to Re-
wise Tariff and Says He is
Not Considering Matters
Before Election.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-10-27
PLEADS GUILTY
TO ASSAU[T|NG
FIVE CHILDREN

Rev. Thurston U. Vaughn,
Former Superintendent of
the South Carolina Odd
Fellows Home, is Sen
fenced to be Electrocuted
on December 20.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-10-27
A SPECIFIC EXCEPTION.

CONTINUED on Page Eleven.)
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1912-10-27

CONTINUED on Page 2s)
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1912-04-30
REFORMING f4f atIosmess.

The one desirable betterment now
in America is to reform the reform
ers.
Our besetting sin as a people is
neither intemperance, idleness nor
grating. II is the hot intent to re.
form the world by making other peo-
pie live up to our ideals.
As a suggestion, move that the
reformers declare an armistice, and
just for year try to set us an ex.
ample.
Give the heather a rest. Cease all
Summing. Relinquish work in the
Personal Purity league. Declare IA
vacation in the W. c. r. U. Cease
tariff tinkering. Give the rust bust.
ers a law off. Then let each man
guard over his own spirit, and try
TO be greater than he who taketh o
city
IN other words, let us do our work,
performing the duties that lie near.
est Practise the old, plain, simple
virtues OF industry, economy, charity
and honesty.
The passion for doing good to oh.
ers is an obsession.
To decide ourselves into the belief
that we are filled with abnegation and
self-sacrifice is the supreme nantes.
tation of selfishness and tokens fatty
enlargement of the ego.
Especially does the business world
need rest from the busy reformers
and self.appointed saviors with pomp-
adours and without.
Precept and mandate can do little
in the way of reformation, but exam
pie can do much.
A-bas on the academic economist
Live little of it, at least!-The Fra.