davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-05-14
AUGUSTA.-(NO. 5o.)

Augusta signifies gfanoeul' IN
5ablia is her emblem and dignity hel
sentiment.
St. Augustine, the missionary or the
saxons. introduced the name IN Eng
and but it never became really popu
lar there until the house OF Hanover
assembled the throne.
Augusta of SAKE GOtna was the con'
sort of Prince Frederick CT Wales. Al
.er the ascension of her son. George
H.. she became extremely unpopular,
even though she paid her deceaseo
husbands debts :.
In Spain the name CT Augusta 10
synonymous with undaunted courage
The English speaking world knows the
MAID of Saragossa' from Lord by
ron's stirring cerses, yet only her CIV
en- name and the records OF ner oeed
have come down to us.
During the siege OF the french III
1909 augusta was one of the nun
dreds of Spanish women assisting IN
the memorable defence. One noodas
she was carrying refreshments TO the
gate when, at the moment of her ar
rival at the battery Of Portillo, the en-,
tire gun crew was wiped out by nan
of bullets. There was nobody 10 re-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-05-14
PROUDFOOT HEARD
ATW!lL|AMSBURC.
DELIVERS HIS OPENING SPEECH
IN THE CAMPAIGN FOR IOWA
INTERNATIONAL HON0R6
MAKE POSITION PLAIN
Declares Himself a Champion Of Law
Enforcement, Temperance, Good
Roads, Arbitration Of Labor
Troubles; Control Of Utilities

Williamsburg, May ia crowd
Of several hundred farmers and bus
mess men heard Senator A. V. Proud
foot in his opening speech of the
campaign at the Trojan opera house
this afternoon. In his address Sen
ator Proudfoot warmly endorsed the
record of the republican party OF the
past four years, especially the econo-
mics introduced into the various
departments which has placed the
postoffice department on a self-sup-
porting basis and for the first time
in history left it with surplus; The
corporation tax law which with the
new tariff law has given a surplus
in our revenues and the record made
in the prosecution and conviction OF
trusts under the Sherman law.
He takes decided and advanced
stand on the temperance question
and the strict enforcement OF law.
He asserted that we give most Of our
attention to the development and
care of material things and to great
extent ignors the rising generation.
Our principal business should be the
production Of the right kind Of cit
liens and when Cur citizenship is Of
the right sort, the industrial and So
cial problems will very largely care
for themselves.
Taking position that the public
should assert its rights as an Inter-
ested interviewer in all labor troubles
he. announced himself in favor Of
law which would compel arbitra-
ton of labor disputes and prevent
strikes and lockouts that injure not
only the laborer and employer but
the public as we'll. He declared him
self favorable to public utilities meas
ures which would provide for strict
regulation Of rates and services Of all
ments to the publisher Of Midland
Municipalities. a magazine printed at
Marshalltown and which is supported
largely by public funds, which has
bitterly attacked those members OF
the legislature who voted for the
public utilities and against the
terminal tax measure.
He made it plain that. he would
make the issues Of the campaign on
a temperance and law enforcement
program and that he would fight 1t
out on moral lines, stating that we
have been giving more time and at
tention and study as a state to the
kind of horses, cattle, hogs and corn
that we are producing than to the
kind of citizens. He plead for a
"Greatest Iowa" spirit which will
take for its object the moral. intel
lectual and Physical improvement Of
the people and declared that when
this was ma ie QUE principal business,
all these other things would be
added.
He asserted that he had been &C
lively engaged in advocating the
work of building better roads for
longer perioI than some aspirants
for high office has resided in the
state and that by voice, vote and
contribution he had at every oppor-
tunity done his share to forward the
movement.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-05-14

man the guns. Then Augusta rushed
with Minerals step, where Mar!
might quake to tread over the bouies
! of the wounded and dead, snatched q
match from the hand of dead artiller
ist and fired off 26-pounder. Strad
ullng the gu she made a solemn vow
never to quit it alive during the siege
Her courage and determination stimu
lated the garrison to new efforts and
| the battery held out under her ccm
mand to the last day of siege. Aug
usta lived an honored patriot until
1883.
The first empress of the new Ger.
man empire was named Augusta She
was a Weimar princess, highly intel,
lectual and devoted to French itera-
ture. "Unser Fritv" was her only son.
She wrote the music for the ballet,
THE Masqueraders.
Augusta Victoria is the name Of the
present German empress.
Augusta, Countess of Stolberg, was
one of the fair ones to whom the
poet Goethe paid passing attention be-
fore Charlotte Won Stein exerted her
great influence over him.
Next name, No. 81 i: Johanna; No. 50,
Georgia; No. SO, Arabella. Others
vii follow. ..r g,1s 81. -.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-05-14
OBITUARY..
Mrs. Lavina Hedrick Brin1n1

Lavina Hedrick was born in Rush
county, Indiana June IL. 1923, and was
the youngest Of a family Of eight chill
dren, all the others having gone on be-
fore. She came to Iowa with her moth
er, who was a widow. and the family in
1914, settling on land near Dahlonega,
Vyapello county She was married 70
Jehu Moore March 8, lS46, her husband
dying in Ottumwa April 4, 1854. In
March 1867 she was married to William
Brimm and after several years living
on farm near Ottumwa she went to
live with her daughters, Mrs. Theresa
McGinitie of Neigh, Nebr. and Augusta
Ehrhardt Of Stanton, Nebr., and has
since divided her time between them.
She had only one other child, Eugene
Moore of ST. Louis. Mo. Mrs. Ehrhardt
passed away one year ago Mrs. Brimm
was an earnest Christian having united
with the NJ. T.. church at an early &c
and continuing in that connection till
her death. She took great delight in
her bible and it was her constant COM
panion, every page being perfectly ia
miSar to her.
After a lingering illness Of many
months she was called to the home she
so earnestly desired on May 3, 1912 and
was laid to rest in Laurel Hill ceme-
terry. Her final sickness began in the
summer Of 1911 and though she rallied
somewhat she took another turn in the
early winter since when she has grad
ually faded away. She often expressed
a strong desire to be at rest and go to
be with her loved ones on the other
shore She leaves behind her a beau
tiful memory for she truly walked with
God and in the rich fullness of her
many years went home to be with her
Savior whom she had so loved and
served. Her memory will be cherished
by those who had the opportunity and
pleasure Of knowing her as a woman Of
strong character and intelligence.
The funeral exercises were held at
the residence Of her daughter Mrs. Nc
Ginitie on Sunday the 9Th and were
under the direction of her pastor Rev.
Poucher of Stanton assisted by Rev.
Beach of Neigh. Mr.. and Mrs. Charles
Chace, Mrs. Horton and her son-in-la law
John A. Ehrhardt Of Stanton were
present and attended the last sad rites.
The friends of the family were very
kind and the floral offerings were very
profuse and beautiful.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-05-14
CHARLTON.

Mr.. and Mrs c. l.. Drake of Des
Moines came yesterday for visit with
her parents MIR. and Mrs. VIM. Sellers.
Miss Irene Shields has returned from
a few days visit in Ottumwa with her
grandmother.
Mrs. Frank Common Of Creston came
yesterday for a visit with her sister
Mrs Virgil Clouse of this city and
with relatives at Derby.
Miss Genevieve Hobson Of Derby
who has been Attending the Charlton
Commercial college, returned to her
home yesterday.
Dr. and Mrs. c. NJ. Whicher Of Des
Moines, have returned home after a
few days visit with her mother Mrs. n.
D. Copeland and old friends.
A baby girl was born Tuesday to Mr..
and Mrs. Willard Cornett, but the lit
tie one lived but q few hours The re-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-05-14
HEAVIEST RAIN IN
YEARS AT DES MONIES

Des Moines. May ia heavy rain,
approaching a cloud burst in the vol
ume of the downpour, struck Des
Moines about o'clock last night. The
business section CT the city was flood
ed from curb to curb, and in many
ses the water ran over the sidewalks
into the easements of buildings.
The rain was the heaviest for years.
One half inch OF rain fell during the
first FIVE minutes, and during the
forty-fve minutes when the downpour
was heaviest 2.1S inches of rain fell.
Considerable damage to street paw
ing has been reported
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-05-14
OttumWa Lime
4 Cement Co.
2o4 South Court

NJ. r. >church occurred Saturday after
noon at the parsonage
Mr.. and Mrs. b. H. woolums attend
ed the funeral Of Mrs. Sam McVey at
Hedrick Friday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Strickland who moved
here few weeks ago from Burlington
are returning there to make their home
again.
Mr.. and Mrs. G. H. Spencer and
daughter were visitors Sunday with
C. R. Spencer at Fairfield.
M. r. Stephenson has returned from
visit with his brother at Martinsbur1
who Is very i'll.
Mr. and. Mrs. Robert Ryman Of north
of here visited at the home Of his
brother L. C. Ryman Sunday.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-05-14
mains were taken to Derby for inter

mains were taken to Derby for inter-
men.
Mrs. T. c. Walker returned from Il
visit at her former home in st. Joe.
The remains Of Mrs. Lucinda Fisher
who died at the county farm on Sun
day. were inferred in the Goshen ceme-
terry. Deceased had been i'll for some
time with stomach trouble. She was IS
years Of age. and had been at the home
for several years.
Jas. Mccarthy is spending a few days
in Ottumwa, attending the state rau-
ventioR 6 photographers.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-05-14
COUNCIL BLUFFS
DOCTOR PRESIDENT

Burlington, May '11.--- The three
days session Of the Iowa Medical So
ciety adjourned yesterday. The follow
ing officers were elected:
President V. S. Trevor, Council
Bluffs.
First vice president-Dr. c. P.
Frantz, Burlington. -.
Second vice president-Dr. E. E..
Door, Des Moines.
Treasurer-Dr. w. B. Small, Water.
loo.
secretary-h. J. W. Osborn, Des
Moines.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-05-14
'"CLARK'S INSTRUCTED
DELEGATES 16"-WADE

Des Moines, May 11.-1owa demo-
Gratis in convention at Burlington May
Is, are going to send sixteen delegates
to the national convention instructed
for Champ Clark, according to state
ment made by Judge Martin J. Wade
of Iowa City, yesterday. He says the
Clark men will have comfortable
majority at the convention.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-05-14
BODY OF BISHOPS
SON FOUND IN RIVER

Muscatine. May 10.-The lifeless
body of nine-year-old George Bishop,
who has been missing from his home
here since Tuesday. was discovered in
the Mississippi at the foot Of Orange
street yesterday. 1t is believed the
boy met his death while playing on
an improvised raft. His father, G. w.
Bishop Of Ottumwa, aided in the
search for the body.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-05-14
HARRIGAN QUITS
DES MONIES POST

Des Moines, May Ill. r. Harri.
gan today announced his resignation
as vice president and general manager
of the Des Moines Railway Co., to take
effect July 1. 1t is said here that Emil
G.. Schmidt of Chicago, president of
the Cook County Traction Co., who
acted as a member of the board Of ar
bitration in the recent wage dispute
here, will succeed Mr. Harrigan.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-05-14
MotorcyIe Injuries Small Boy

Des Moines, May 11.-Guy, the ten
year old son of T. Evans, of this city,
was run down by motorcycle near
his home and sustained severe in
juries here last night. His leg was
fractured and he also received several
scalp wounds. The motorcycle did not
stop.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-05-14
KENYON-SHEPARD
BILL IS APPROVED

Minneapolis, May 11.-By unanimous
vote the general conference Of the
Methodist Episcopal church today alp
proved the Kenyon-Shephard bill
which now is before congress and
which prohibits the shipment in inter.
state commerce Of intoxicant liquors
into dry territory.
The report Of the committe to the
conference, which was presented by
j. Frank Hanely, former governor Of
Indiana, urges Methodists Of the United
States to continue to urge the enact.
ment of the measure through the
life of the present congress, and II
need be, until congress shall be
elected which will afford relief"
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-05-14
PACkWOOD.

Miss Janette Spencer left Monday
for Sioux county, Iowa, where she has
accepted a position as assistant editor
of the Alton Democrat. She has edited
the Packwood Review for the past year
The many friends Of the young lady re-
gret her leaving but wish her success
in her new field.
The third quarterly conference of the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-05-14
c. r. !. & P. TRAINS.

M Going North Depart
l71-Des Moines, Omaha. 1928 p. m
l73-Keokuk, Ottumwa. 1880 a. m
l75-Eldon, Des Moines -. s: 40 a. M
86-Local freight 1:2o a. m.
Going South.
T0-Keokuk, Kansas City. 800 a. n
Connects with No. 20
south bound at Eldon at
II a. m.
,72-Des Moines, Keokuk.. 3:35 p. m.
Connects with No. 80
east bound at Eidon a:
Abs p. m.
,74-Des Moines to Eldon.. 10: 05 p. m
Connects with No. II
east bound at Eldon at
1915 a. m. and No. 81
south bound at 1880 p.
m.
36-Local freight 80. 49,. $50 a. M.
w. S. Parker Ticket Agent.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-05-14
c2caL

This good antisepti. doedorant j..
mediately stops putrefaction. destro
germs, checks bleeding, prevents loci
Jaw, blood poison and proud flesh.
heals quickly without pain or leaving
o scar. Fine for chronic sores and
ulcers Don't try to keep house without
It. Is cents at druggists or by mail.
10. % medicine Co.. Davenport, lasAsA
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-05-14
Rev. Jesse Cole Seriously jill.

Marshalltown. May 11.-Rev. Jesse
Cole. chaplain of the Iowa soldiers
home and ex-grand chaplain of the ma
tional Grand Army of the Republic. is
at his home here seriously i'll with
uremia. Rev. Mr.. Cole is we'll known
throughout the state, having been a
minister for thirty years
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-05-14
C.. M, E. ST. PAUL TRAINS.

70. Going Southwest Depart
5A-Southwest Limited. 1:45 a. m.
Arkansas City Local. 10: o5 4. m
33B-Sewal ..... ........ $50 p m.
e3B-Local freight ........ 700 a. H.
Going East via Cutoff
12A-Chicago I.imited.... 12:05a m.
SA-Davenport, Chicago. 5:17 .. II.
34B-Arrive from Sewal :. 1000 a. m.
e2B--Local freight -. 7:45 q. m
Marion Line. Going North.
osB-Cedar Rap, Marion. 5:1Op. m.
4B-CeG. Rap, Dull, Chi. 1853 a. m.
SsB-Local freight ....... $50 a. m.
Marion Line, Coming South.
03B-Arrive from Marion. 10: 05 a. m.
21B-Arrive from Marion. HAS o. M.
97B-Local freight arrive. 400 D. m,
freight trains arrive and depart from
Milwaukee Junction.
B-Daily except Sunday.
r. w. Jacobs. Agent.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-05-14
Railroad Time Tables.
BURLINGTON ROUTE. c. 9. & @.
A, daily; B, daily except Sunday; I
aaily except Monday.

a uan' Going East Depart
1oA.,b;c Dubo.. Quincy -: IS a. m.
90 ocai freight 80. 5:25 a. m.
1sB-Burlington, st. Louis s:os a. m
10 Chicago Limited 80. 1:Zo a. m
eA-Chicago Limited. go. Icy p m
.12B-Ft. Mad, st. Louis. 3:sV p. NJ
4A-Chic., st. Louis. Qcy. ~ p ~
2A-Chic., Peoria, Rkf'd. ll:as p. M
l7SB-Ottumwa, Burlington ll:oo d. nj
Going West.
5A-Omaha and Nebr.... !:ls a. M
omaha Ore. Calf, 7:40 a. m.
s,sp-Ar from Fl, Mad. IL: so a. m.
I7o-peoria to Crestcn.. 1:55 p m.
t1PAr from Burlirg on. $3.50 D. m.
1A-Chicago to Den ;er IL: 81 p. m
sA-Denver Limited 4:2S p m.
w. S. Parker, Ticket Agen-.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-05-14

BURNS, ScALDs. CUTS, WoUNT
Old sores and ulcers. bites from an
mails or insects and the hundred ami
one other accidents are quickly heale,
with.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-05-14

BURT IAFoRcE, PHI. G., N, q.
eye, Ear, Nose and Throz, Special n.
Glasses scientiacalI, 6tted Once hs. 4
10 80 II z. m. and to s ana I To s &c
m Fnone. ONCE. 2S9: Seaitence. \ n:
Omce rooms. IA md ~ IInfr,aI,r !szsf
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1912-08-10

Company to the Board of Supervisors
OF the City and County of Honolulu,
in which the company notified the
board that it was ready to proceed to
lay lava block pavement on King
street between Nuuanu street and the
Nuuanu stream. A reference of the
matter to this department calls for a
brief statement of the legal rights and
liabilities of the respective parties, and
the present status Of the matter.
On the 9Th day of December, 1911,
the City and County Of Honolulu en-
tered into a contract with the Btu
lithic Paving and Concrete Company,
Limited, to pave with bitulithic pave
ment of two inches in depth upon
concrete foundation that portion OF
King street, in the district of Homo
lulu, between the bridge over the MI
uanu stream and Nuuanu street, eX-
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1912-08-10

Land Company ignored this notice.
Subsequently, and lin order to save
time" as it was said. an agreed state
ment of facts was submitted by the
Honolulu Rapid Transit and Land
Company and the Territory of Ha.
waii and Marston Campbell, Superin.
tendent of Public Works of the Terri
tory, to the Supreme Court in which
a number of questions were submitted
for adjudication relative to the rights
and liabilities of the government, on
the one hand, and the Honolulu Rapid
Transit and Land Company, on the
other. This agreed statement of facts
was argued in the Supreme Court of
the Territory on May Is, 1912, and de-
cided on May "a, 1912. The Supreme
Court of thetTerritory by unanimous
decision upon this agreed statement of
facts held that the duty imposed on
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1912-08-10

cepting that portion of such street oc-
cupied by the tracks of the Honolulu
Rapid Transit and Land Company, and
one foot outside of the outside rail
thereof. The paving under this con-
tract was completed about the 5th day
of March, 1912. Prior to the compile
ton of the work, the Honolulu Rapid
Transit and Land Company was mott
fed in accordance with the law appli-
cable thereto to pave the portion of
the street occupied by itself and one
foot outside of the outside rail with
the same material specified in the con-
tract referred to, except that there
might be on each side of each rail
throughout its length rows of either
ohia or stone blocks not to exceed one
foot in width.
Notice Ignored.
The Honolulu Rapid Transit and
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1912-08-10
Isurtaer has6ea4shze oara5ekra1ss

on the rest of the street by the City
and County of Honolulu, whether the
duty was enjoined by Section S3S of
the Revised Laws OF Hawaii or not:
that the obligation of the street rail-
way company as to paving was de-
fined and fixed by the Franchise Act:
that the Superintendent Of Public
Works had no discretion to authorize
or direct the laying OF q pavement Of
kind different from that used by
the Government; that the necessity
for repaVing the streets was To be de-
termined by the governmental au-
thorities having charge Of such work;
and that in prescribing the kind of
pavement to be used, the authorities
were not limited to that which was
in ordinary use at the time OF the
granting Of the franchise. -
In the submission the Supreme
Court was also Of the opinion that
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1912-08-10
I51He
/heoltn hleGG

the street railway company by Section
S38 of the Revised Laws of Hawaii to
pave or macadami8e the portions OF
the street occupied by itself when any
of the other portions of the street are
paved or macadamiZed was not linn
tied to original construction, but re-
Quired the company to lay pavement
corresponding with a new pavement
laid down by the proper governmental
authorities, though the portion of the
street occupied by the company had
previously been macadamized.
Must Have to Conform.
The Supreme Court of the Terri
tory in the same submission was also
unanimously Of the opinion that un,
Ger section S64 of the Revised Laws
of Hawaii. the duty was imposed on
the street railway company to pave
its portion of the street so as to con.
form to new pavement laid down
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1912-08-10
RURAL SCHOOLS
:: ARE Deficient
Notes of interest on Education
from Nations of the
World 81. l.

~, "The rural school is the one lag
gard In the educational procession
declares K. T. Fairchild, Kansas State
Superintendent OF Public Instruction,
I'm monograph just published fol-
free distribution by the United States
Bureau Of Education.
This condition is due, among other
things, to the fact that the emphasis
of educational thought has been plac-
ed on the city schools, the high
schools, and the colleges, at the ex-
pense of the rural school. Mr.. Fair
child also finds Nat "the eyer-increas-
ing trend of population toward the
cities, and tie growing per cent Of
tenant farmers, have had distinct
and deterrent effect upon our coun-
try schools
aThe following is true, though not
a full indictment. continues Mr. Fair
child. 'Of the 12,O00.000 rural-school
children, constituting a clear majority
of the whole number of the youth of
school age, less than % per cent are
completing the work or the Bfadess
The teaching is immature and lacks
proper training Terms are short.
school buildings are poor, insani-
tary, and ill-equipped. The school en-
rollment is constantly decreasing. The
supervision is wholly inadequate. Cost
of instruction Is higher than in the
grades High-school privileges are de-
MED the great majority OF these boys
and girls.
"The strong, virile, rural school Of
q generation ago has gone, and in Its
place is a primary school weak in
numbers and lacking in efficiency. The
country boy and girl of this strenu-
GUS and complex twentieth century are,
not afforded equal educational oppor-
tunities.
"AsNital weakness in our rural
school system is the lack OF q genu-
inc demand for property trained teach
ers. I have knowledge of one State
that bears an excellent reputation edu-
cationally where, out Of 5000 rural
school teachers In 1910, 400 were
found to have had no training beyond
the eighth grade.
eff we want to get more out of the
rural schools, we must put more into
them. We can never have the best
rural schools until we have aroused
public interest In them. The national
lifesand character of tomorrow Is set
and directed by the schools Of today.
'fThe country Is the Nations great
recruiting ground. To Il the city has
always Looked for its supply of men
who do the great things, who COM
mand armies, Build Industries, take
the initiative. 'n
: at ist,true that the cities are the
centers of organization, but they are
not ssefflsustaining. The rural popu-
lation must always be the bone and
sinew of any country. More than one
half of our school population is train
ed I'm the rural schools. These schools
are inadequate"