The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-28
CONTINUED from PAGE L.,


lied a "dynamiting crew." Altogether
100 explosions occurred. those at Los
Angeles being among the number.
Two Striking Co!ncidcncce.
W striking condolences attended
the trial.
One was that on October I, 1911, OK
actly me Year after the Los Angeles
Times" building was blown up with
Il loss Of tw%enty-one lives. the federal
authorities at Indianapolis first con-
sidered the possibilities of prosecu-
tons for illegal interstate shipment
OF dynamite and nitroglycerine ON
passenger trains. Critic F.. McMani-
sails confession. obtained after he and
the Mcnamara brothers had been ar.
rested. implicated others as having
actually carried explosives in suit
cases on trains. or az having entered
into a conspiracy. This indicated, in
l'is'rlct Attorney Charles W. Miller's
opinion. the necessity for a Grand inry
inNestlgatton. indianapolis was the
Headquarters of John ]. Mcnamara.
secretary of the iron workers union.
n the point at which. 1t was chars-
ed. the conspiracy was entered into
and from which the explosives we're
carried.
|. Another coincidence was the trial
began on October 1. 1912. the second
anniversary OF the Times" explosion
FEDERAL grand jury after several
months investigation. returned in
o'etmenis against fifty-four union la
nor officials. Before the defense be-
gan Its case this number had been re-
auced TO forty-one on Of va.
rious eliminations.
Government Points to Motive.
\ c 4 f11neiHsN F@Ss ~
the government referred to the strike
against employers of h
consisting of bridge. viaduc, and
building contractors who maintained
an open shop" policy. employing
workmen regardless OF whether they
belonged TO the union or not. This
strike never has been called off. 1t
was alleged that q warfare waccd hy
the union spread all over the country
until violence was resorted to, or. ms
was stated. "picketing spread to slug
sins. sl"gsing to dynamite. and dyna-
mite to nitroglycerine."
at the headquarters of
the union in Indianapolis. although,
later named by witnesses as the active
perpetrator of the explosions. was
then u~nsuspected by the contractors.
But the advent of Mechanical and
James b. Mcnamara. brother of the
union secretary. as regularly hired
dynamiters. working under John US
direction and. as Mechanical charges,
with Hockin's leadership. the explo-
s1ons became so bold as to arouse sus-
picion that they were the work OF an
organized band.
Had Reached Murder Stage.
Detectives already had been work.
Ing on the case when the killing of
twenty.one people in Los Angeles BY
a bomb set off at 1 o'clock in the
morning. showed that the desperation
OF the dynamiters had reached the
murder stage.
Much of the evidence that was pre-
eluded at Los Angeles by the pleas of
guilt by the Mcnamara brothers came
out here. Federal Judge Albert r.
Anderson ruled that while the specific
charges We're illegal transportation all
other evidence relative to explosions
might be offered as showing a motive.
The testimony was that the destruc-
ton OF the Times" building was not
strictly a part OF the campaign against
~non-union iron and steel work, hut
was done in an effort to unionize va
rious trades in Los Angeles. James b.
a printer. Witnesses stated that Nc
Nanara afterwards expressed lSttle
regret h a twenty-one People were
killed. and. in fact. expressed disap-
pointment that he had not killed
General Harrison Gray Otis, proprie.
tor Of the Times: that the dyna-
inter was sent to the coast at the
solicitation of Tveitmoe. a recognized
union labor leader. n hat Tveitmoe
furnished David Caplan and NJ. A.
Schmidt. who were also indicted for
murder, but who never were captur.
ed.
All the 100 explosions cam. in for
scrutiny by the jury here. and the
field OF operations extended from
Boston to Los Angeles.
Who Caused Thosr Explosions.
Who caused those e~xplosions:"
was the question before the Jury.
Broadly the charges were that j. j.
Mcnamara began them and thought
them an effective meal Of fighting
"open shop contractors. Make the
damage as heavy as possible" Nc
Manigal said always were his instruc-
tons. Hundreds of thousands Of dol
lars worth Of property was said to
have been destroyed. Finding the
Maintenance OF a hired "dynamiting
crew. cost money, Mcnamara Is al
legged to have appealed to the union
for funds. and in this way. the gov
eminent charged, others became Inn
plicated. For instance, the govern
ment set out that the union executive
board decided at last to allow McNa-
mara $1,000 a month. for which he
would be required to give no account
ing. Letters also were written which,
the government asserted, showed GER
tain business agents. recognizing the
"dynamiting crew. as a regular insti-
tuition, sent word as to what Jobs
should be blown up. All the indicted
officials were declared by their letters
to be linked together in guilt"
That Was the case the government,
at the opening Of the trial, asserted
1t had to place before the jury. 1t
was stated that the trial. in the num-
Der Of defendants. in the fact that the
defendants were allied with labor un-
ions, in the nationwide extent Of the
conspiracy. and in it's ~ramifcations.
was unprecedented. McManigal's con-
fession. detailing t%wcnty-one explo-
sions which he said he personally
caused. was scrutinized to determine
in what minute particulars corfobor-
ative witnesses were needed.
Witnesses Came From All Quarters.
|canada's Offering