davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1912-02-15
PARD()NS
Are Refused by the Governor
to Four West Virginia
Convicts.

CHARLESTON. Feb. s.-Four appli-
cations for pardon have been turned
down by Governor Glasscock, follow
ing out the recommendation of Par
don Attorney E. G. Pierson. They
are Lundsford Jordon, aged So, sem
fenced to one year for malicious
wounding one Joseph Duffy in Wayne
county, in November. 1911.
Charles Thompson, aged 20, given
an indeterminate sentence of from
five to fifteen years for burglary COM
mitted early in June, 1908, in Mar
shall county. Thompson still denies
his guilt.
George Walden, aged Is, given FIVE
years for breaking and entering a
box car in May 1909 in Cabell county.
Walden had previously served two
year term in the penitentiary.
George wattersor, aged 81, given a
life sentence in November, 1905, for
killing Fletcher Liggins, in Mcdowell
county watterson interfered in a
quarrel between Liggins and his wife
and in a fight between Higgins and
Watterson the former was killed,
watterson still persists the killing
was in self-defense.
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1912-02-15
'A.R 4 !. |
Of West Virginia Issues Char
tiers to Several
Concerns.

CHARLESTON, w. Va, Feb. 8
The following charters have been
issued by the secretary of state:
West Virginia and Ohio Oil Com
pany, of Parkersburg, W. Va, to
drill for oil and gas, construct a1d
operate pipe lines, etc. Authorized
capital, $150,OOO, of which $50, 900
is to be preferred and 500, 900
common stock. The incorporators
are II o. Heavener, W. e. White.
T. j. Wetherell, j. E. Houke and
L. a. Rolston. all of Parkersburg.
Delta Tau delta Corporation, OF
Morgantown. to acquire and main
tain chapter house for the Gamma
Delta Chapter of the Delta Tau
Delta Fraternity. Authorized cap
ital, $4,000 Incorporators: A,
s. Dayton, of Philippi; Frank P.
Corbin and James d. Gronninger,
OF Morgantown; Walter r. Reitz, OF
sistersville; and Houston G, Young,
of Clarksburg.
The Allegheny Sportsmen's Asso-
citation, of Huntersville. Huntera
Vile district, Pocahontas county. TO
establish a fishing and hunting pre-
serve and maintain club house.
Authorized capital. $4,000. IN
corporators: j. "a. Viquesney and
w. B. Rector, of tBelington; H
NJ. Lockridge and Everett C. Her
old, of Huntington; and T. S. Nc
Neil, of Warrington.
o'Connell Oil Company, OF Hunt
ington, to drill for oil and gas on
the Goshorn tract near the city of
Charleston in Kanawha county.
Authorized capital. $4,000. IN
corporators: ID. o'Connell, John
II. Holt, H. c. Duncan, Jr., w.
X. Cowden and Don c. Russell, all
of Huntington.
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1912-02-15
ONE WAY OUT
a Resident of clarEsburg shows the
WaS.

Only one way to cure bad back.
Lniment and plasters may relieve
it;
They won't cure it.
Backache means sick kidneys.
Doan's Kidney pills are for bad kid
neys.
clarksourg people back them up.
Read case of IT:
Mrs. Anna Relder, lis Marshall ST.,
clarksburg, ". Va, says: I'VE have
used Doan's Kidney Pills with very
good results and believe they are
worthy of endorsement. A member o
our family had weak kidneys and
complained great deal, Of backache.
Doun's Kidney Pills, procured, at the
City Drug store. brought prompt re-
lief in this case"
For sale by all dealers. Price SO
cents. Foster-Milburn Co., BuEalo,
New York, sole agents for the United
states. ss # u 1890
Remember the nane-Doan's--and
take no other.
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1912-02-15
NOT A B|GANIST
John Staley Freed in Trial at
Huntington for Having
Too Many Wives.

HUNTINGTON, Feb. "a YER
dict OF not guilty was returned by
a jury in the case of John Staley,
charged with bigamy. staley mar
ried his second wife under the i'm
preston that his first wife had Sc
cured a divorce from him. 1t de-
veloped later that he had not Sc
cured a divorce and his first wife,
now Mrs. Hattie Morgan. of Colum.
bus, o., appeared to prosecute him
on charge of bigamy, The jury
held that there was no intent ON
staley's part to violate the law and
he was exonerated,
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1912-02-15
kline GIRL
:cmpts to Commit Suicide
in Friedman Home at
Fairmont.

Edith Kline, aged II years, a do
nestle in the. home of Abe Friedman
at Fairmont, attempted to commit
suicide there shortly after the noon
hour Tuesday by swallowing carbolic
acid. She will probably recover. Her
rash act followed quarrel with the
Friedman family over a small amount
of missing money, in which she was
accused of theft. She grabbed vial
OF the acid from shelf and swallowed
some OF the contents before the bot
tie could be taken from her. She
says her adopted father is Clarks-
burg Baptist minister but she has not
given his name.
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1912-02-15
FATHER ACCUSED
BY His Two Motherless
Daughters of Criminal
Assault on Them.

EVANSVILLE, Feb, s.-Roy
Kerns, a widowed farmer of Tanner,
Gilmer county, about fifteen miles
from here, has been committed TO the
county jail at Glenville to await
action of the grand Jury on serious
criminal charges preferred by his
two motherless daughters, aged Is
and 10 years, 80 Both girls declared
that they had been subjected to In
dignities by their father for years
and that he had often threatened
them with death If they ever dis
closed his relations with them.
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1912-02-15
SHOT IN BACK
Is An American Coal Miner
by a Foreigner in a
Fight.

MoRaANTowN. Feb. s.-In a agAt
resulting from quarrel. Benjamin
Eaglen, an American coal miner, was
shot in the back by Frank Rartlic,
a foreign miner. at mine No. of the
Elkins Coal and Coke Company at
Masontown. Bartlic took to the
woods and has not been captured.
Eaglen was taken to the Miners state
hospital at Fairrnont for treatment.
He is in serious condition but may
recover,
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1912-02-15
FATAL BURNS
Are Probably Sustained by
Woman Who is Bathed
in Hot Gravy.

FIAIRMoNT, Feb. 9.-Nrs. Charles
Conway was perhaps fatally burned
at her residence on Monroe street,
The woman was preparing gravy for
a roast beef to be served at the Dot
ney restaurant and from some cause
the large vessel containing the broth
and gravy. exploded. The boiling
contents were thrown into her face
and she was frlghtfully burned.
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1912-02-15
= :: :. :. :. !. :. !. :: =. :. :. :. j.
. LEVINE FAMILY WEEPS
: OVER AN EMPTY COFFIN.

:: MAIDEN, Feb. 9-Abra-
!: ham Levine and his three chill
!: dren were weeping over a cof-
:. fin bought for the wife and
!: mother, when Abraham opened
= the casket for a last look and
!: discovered that it was empty.
= An investigation showed that
:. the woman was still alive at
: hospital, mistake having
3 been made by the attendants.
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1912-02-15
a MARTTNsBURG GIRL
FIGURES IN EIoPEMENT.

MiARTINsBURG. Feb, 9. Miss
Mary Lyle, only daughter Of Mr.. and
Mrs. P. B. Lyle. West Race street, and
Addison Ingle Hoffman. OF Frederick,
Md, eloped to Cumberland. where
they were married. They VIII reside
at Frederick, where the bridegroom
is in the grocery business and is a
well-to-do young man.
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1912-02-15
MANS WIVES
FACE Him At
A HEARING
Alleged Bigamous Husband
Has Unusual Reception,
in Court Room.
WAVES EXAMINATION
Wife Number Three Notifies
Him to Get His Trunk
and Clothes.

Pale and trembling, 8. N Con-
rad, alias Samuel Fisher, walked
into Magistrate G. H. Gordon's
court Friday afternoon and nodded
curtly to two women who sat there
anxiously awaiting his prosecution
on a charge of bigumy. Both re-
turned his salutatlon with stiff mods
of recognition Conrad had just
been taken from the county jail for
a hearing on the charge and Consta-
BILE William Post had him in Gus
tody.
The defendant, through his at
torney, waived examination and was
bound over to the next term OF
criminal court under bond OF 81 600.
He failed to furnish It and was re-
manded to jail.
The women in the court room de-
clared they were the second and
third wives OF Conrad. One said
her maiden name was Miss Flor
ence Best. Several years ago she
was married to John Williams.
but had obtained a divorce from
him two years ago at Summerville,
Nicholas county. Subsequently, she
said, she was married to Conrad I'M
der the name of Samuel Fisher,
but never had been divorced from
him. This woman had a little boy
about two years old with her, who,
she said, was born to her and
Fisher. She came to the hearing
from Holcomb, where she now makes
her home. 4 N
The other woman said she was
the defendants wife. having been
married to him last october in the
First Methodist Episcopal parsonage
in this city.
The defense that will be offered
by the accused man is said to be
that he had been divorced from his
first wife when ne married Mrs.
John Williams, butt that Mrs. Will
liams had not been divorced from
her husband, who was then living.
This would make make wife No, 2
guilty of bigamy instead of him.
Both wife number two and wife
number three we're indignant and
angry over their plight. 81 like
Sam pretty WE'LL" said one, but he
had no business doing the way he
has done and he ought to suffer for
it," "Indeed he ought" said the
other. Both women sat close to
each other and appeared to be
friendly.
When Conrad, or Fisher, was led
from the court room by constable,
wife number three said bitterly:
"You can get your trunk and your
clothes any time now and you had
better take them away as quick as
you CANAL of them"
"All right, I'LL get them right
away" the man replied.
The prisoner was employed as a
night Waterman on the new Union
bank building when he was arrested
about a week ago.
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1912-02-15
Valuable Data
on Rio GrQnde
Important Information about
Big River is Obtained
by Survey.

WASHINGTON, Feb. s.-Riyers can
be fully utilized by man only when
their capacity and habits are known.
The United States Geological
Survey is making close study Of
the most important streams of the
United States with the purpose of
obtaining data upon which may be
based all projects for economic de-
elopment-irrigation, drainage, nav
igation. power, and municipal supply.
Arid Country River.
Water Supply Paper 2Ss of the Sur
vey, containing records of the dis
charge of Rio Grande and its prin-
cipal tributaries. together with that
OF Brazos River and Colorado River
Of Texas, has recently been Issued.
The amount OF water flowing in the
streams OF the Rio Grands basin,
which covers the greater part of New
Mexico, large areas in southern Colo
RADIO. and considerable territory in
Texas and old Mexico, is of unusual
Importance to that region because of
the fact that it is for the most part
an arid agricultural country, entirely
dependent on its water supplies for
irrigation.
The data presented are also of in
terstate and international Importance.
Certain issues have arisen between
the States of New Mexico and Colo
RADIO by reason OF the allegation made
by the people of New Mexico that a
disproportionate part of the Rio
Grande water originating in Colorado
is diverted in that state to the detri-
ment OF interests in New Mexico. The
case is in general not unlike the one
that arose between Colorado and
Kansas in connection with the use
of water OF Arkansas river.
International Features.
The international Importance OF the
data arises from the fact that sim
liar situation has been established in
the Republic OF Mexico, where it is
alleged that the inequitablei diversion
OF We water in both Colorado and
New Mexico has resulted in the de-
struction of large agricultural values
in Mexico. These interstate and in
ternational complications. are now
being investigated under competent
authority and the results Of the
stream-fow measurements. contained
in this Geological Survey report con-
stitute part of the evidence that will
be used in final decisions. In addl-
tion to the results procured by the
Survey in cooperation with the
States of Mexico and Colorado, there
appear in the volume the discharge
records of the Rio Grande proper, OBJ
tanned by the international Boundary
Commission. These consist of records
on that portion of the main river
which constitute the international
border, the stations being located at
Ell Paso, Preside, Langtry. Devils
Ell Paso, Preside, Langtry, Devils
Brownsville, all in Texas.
Copies of this report may be had
free on application to the Director,
Geological Survey, Washington, D. G.
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1912-02-15
STRIKES OIL.

In the shinnston pool, in Clay dis
trict, this county, the South Penn Oil
Company has drilled its No. 8 on the
Susan Hall farm, six feet into the
5O-foot sand, and the hole has filled
up 1000 feet with fluid.
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1912-02-15
DR. POST MOVES.

DR.. A. T. Post has moved his Office
from the Gore building to the new
Lowe building on Main street JUST
east Of Third street. where he has
rooms 2O2 and 2O4 on the Second
floor of the building.
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1912-02-15
" e.. 3 & B F q:
Women's new
waists, Sl.0O

Ten styles of Tailored
Waists-plain Linen, plain
Linene, Embroidered Lin
enc, Lawn, Fancy TuclSt,
plain Short model, or en-
broidered, at $1.00.
White Linen Mannish
Shirt plain sleeve, patch
pocket, front pleat with s
fine tucks, Numbered collar
and cuffs, $1.00.
White Line Waist, front
with IS pin tucks and s half
inch pleats, plain b a C k,
laundered collar and cuffs,
$1.00.
Embroidered Linene
Waist front with is fine pin
tucks and 8 half inch pleats
and scallopt embroidered
side panel, Numbered collar
and cuffs, $1.00.
Other styles tuclst, pleated
and embroidered in a variety
of ways.
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1912-02-15
FULL OF MELODY.

A. P. Hall, the Cadenza musician.
is filed with melody today, resulting
flom the birth of pretty daughter
in his home on West Pike street yes
.terday. All are doing nicely and he
is receiving congratulations.
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1912-02-15
MARQUARD SIGNS

NEW YORK, Feb. s-Rube Mar
guard, the leading pitcher of the
National League last season, has
signed to play with the Giants in
1912. 1913 and 1sf4
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1912-02-15
SHOCK is LEFT.

FORT DE, France Martinique. Feb
S.-An earthquake shock was felt
throughout the island today, but no
fatalities are reported.
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1912-02-15
\. D. JACKSON DEAD.

GRAFTON, Feb. s.-Nathan D..
Jackson, prominent citizen, is dead
at his home here of pneumonia.
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1912-02-15

Emmett NJ showalter was a bust
ness visitor here from Fairmont
Thursday on business.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1912-06-21
RED CROSS
LEADERS AID.

Japanese Empress for the interest she
is taking in the work.
President Taft whom ] met during
his visits In Japan" said Madam Nag
asaki this morning. greeted us warm
ly In Washington. He gave us an
elaborate banquet at the White House.
The gathering was grand"
Madam Nagasak, a fluent English
convcrsationalist, by the way, said that
large number of women attended the
convention.
Baron Ozawa has passed his sixty.
fifth year, but Is as energetic in the
work as many young man. He eX.
pressed his pleasure in having attend.
cd the Washington conclave.
From the Alakea wharf the Ozawa
party, under the guidance of Acting
Consul General Mort, motored to the
official residence of the Japanese Con.
sui General on Nuuanu and Kuakini
streets. Thence they went to the
Shin.riu.tei Club, where. after a for.
NAL reception at IL o'clock this morn.
ing, Japanese luncheon was served
the distinguished guests. At ) o'clock
this afternoon the visitors will sail
Japanward. Consul General r. Naka.
mura of Ottawa, Canada, who Is leav-
ing for Japan on vacation, was
among the party.
While the party was in San Fran.
cisco, Baron OZawa was host at
luncheon given in the Fairmont Hotel.
The Earon, through his English secrc.
lary, thanked those who made such
splendid preparation on the eve of his
departure for his native land Among
those present at the luncheon beside
tho members of the Japanese Red
Cross Society in San Francisco were
Mayor and Mrs. James Rolph, Jr., and
Col. and Mrs. J. p. Wiser.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1912-06-21
THE MODERN WAY
WIRELESS
BE BuSlNEsSLIkE
HAWAII DOOMED
At CONVENTION
BE BusINEssLIkE
Continued from PAGE u

people here, and was told by very
many that they expect to come"
Frazier Joined a special train that
picked up delegates all over the Coast,
from Vancouver, b. c., to San Diego
and ran from San Francisco to Dallas.
At Salt Lake City there was big ban.
quet at which he spoke and another
at Denver in the Brown Palace Hotel,
given by the Denver Chamber of Com.
merce. He doomed Hawaii enthusiasts.
tically.
Wearing large badge bearing the
letters, Honolulu Ad Club. Aloha"
Honolulu's delegate was conspicu.
GUS figure at Dallas. The Honolulu
Ad Club got as much publicity as any
OF the big mainland organizations.
He says the convention itself was
an inspiration and instilled community
and civic pride quite as much as ad.
vertising ideals. THE hospitality of
the people of Dallas and Fort Worth
was one of the most pleasant things
! have ever experienced" he said.
They could not do enough for us"
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1912-06-21
WHAT OF The YACHTSMEN.

What's being done for the reception Of the yachts participating the
trans T achc yacht racc?
This the OF Hawai- promotion iIonoulu
bid for yachting fame
The yachts well their way port should be here the lat
part of next
What being done show that Honolulu backs the race and
make posmen has
bounu supply Honolulu hospitality the visiting yacrsmen
the way oil sightseeing and appropriate entertainment by the
yachtmcn and other citizens Of Honolulu.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1912-06-21
CHAOS AT CHICAGO.

That cabcgram which said effect knows what going hap
cpomIled the situation n Chicago
From appearances would that the radicals
have their PcntP feelings and less mentally and
physically exhausted ready talk consider final issue
the welfare of the people through the Republican party
There much that the leaders of the party willing talk
compromise they certain that Roosevelt licked And perhaps
Roosevelt willing his duties Of the
from the vantage point of contributing editor il he feels certain that Taft
sdcackcd and reasonably candidate his place
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1912-06-21

Where is the tattooed LADY,"
Gone on a bender"
What! IntoXicated?"
mo; she fell in love and eloped will
l COntortiOnist,"
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1912-06-21
NOW FOR FREE GARBAGE.

Cleanup Day great day
1t will be entitled place Of permanent honor the the city
anazes the Inauguration Of definite and determined
tabGsh free garbage collection in this city
The demand for free garbage collection universal The support
Cleanup Day S less divided
Let's get together and together effectively, which
everyone with enthusiasm That's make Honolulu keep
Honolulu has been talking free garbage and thinking free garbage
months,
Isn't about time to unite in doing something.
Flonouus demands results We've talked long Act
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1912-06-21
GOOD SCHOOLS, GOOD BUSINESS.

fmst class public schools for community
That primarily the why, regardless of politics.
10000 representing the business and professional
Of the ST. Louis have gued themselves together pledged promote
the welfare of the cs public schools
school children The work accomplished by these observed
cnion by the of the United States Bureau Of Education
Since this established years ago. public
schools have been taken Of parzan politics and placed
charge Of independent board school increased
supplying funds for modern adequate school buildings and school
equipment aggegatng thousands Of dollars il value has
been contributed by the fee simple the public
schools This equipment includes almost every kind teaching material
Among the articles works Of reference steopcon folding
chairs reHectoscoP and pictures One of the
this $500 while another worth $1,000 The money
for these donations raised from dues from direct the
proceeds Of concerts pcncs.
The directing this work called the ST. Louis School Pat
Alliance legally incorporated body which league of
fifty These branches ngborhood organ
established help the schools wards and finding ex
preston for their wider activities through central coodnains BODY
Men only eligible membership the ST. Louis Public School Patrons
Alliance to its local chapters for the that accomplish
whatever work they do in the field through
their mothers clubs.
Membership dues the local branches Is year, of which
the central alliance The Patrons Alliance itself governed
by board Of control consisting of delegate branch organ
aon Most OF the business transacted through standing
whose activities indicated by their titles namely Executive lega-
tive hnance organization, educational and auditing
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1912-06-21

fashionable hostcsses In Paris. an
ticipating the new 24-hour system of
counting time, are sending out invi-
tations for II o'clock tea instead of 8
o'clock as before.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1912-06-21

Arrangements We're made today
whereby Normsn b. Smith and Lily
Hookano, held on charge of viOlat.
Ing the Edmunds Act and suspected
of being implicated in opium snug
Cling cases, should he released on ST.
900 bail each, The preliminary hearing
has been set for $3.50 o'clock tomorrow
morning, before Y. S. Commissioner
G, s, Davis, though this may be con-
tinued until later date some time
next week
Smith and the woman have engaged
Il, c. Peters as counsel.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1912-06-21
Continued from Page y

Charged with performing u criminal
operation upon Mrs. Bertha Richards,
who died ut II private hospital In
Pawtuckct, DIR. Llewcllyn ID. Chandler
of Central Falls, II. l., was arrested
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1912-06-21

Hostess TO one Of her small guests)
Nov, dear, will you have some bread
and butter to finish up with?
Small Guest--No thank you. | will
have some cake to be going on with.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1912-06-21

He uh mill do anything that he paid for mill reach The
place whcc mill pay anything does-Ch Register
Potosi journal. (Potosi, Mo.) 1894-1929, 1912-10-09

I()S
Potosi journal. (Potosi, Mo.) 1894-1929, 1912-10-09

~ ~
Potosi journal. (Potosi, Mo.) 1894-1929, 1912-10-09

7 TN
Potosi journal. (Potosi, Mo.) 1894-1929, 1912-10-09

~
Potosi journal. (Potosi, Mo.) 1894-1929, 1912-10-09

| i "
Potosi journal. (Potosi, Mo.) 1894-1929, 1912-10-09

URN
The citizen. (Honesdale, Pa.) 1908-1914, 1912-03-15
UNION FOR COLLEGE MEN.
Suggested as Means to Insure Good
Wages For Graduates.

The organization Of all college grad
yates into unions, the prescribing Of
modes of employment, minimum com
pensation and the enforcement of de-
mands by calling strikes was the solu-
ton offered recently by Professor Vladi-
mir Karapetoff Of Cornell university as
means of preventing the average
salaries Of college graduates from 60
ing down to the level OF common
workers, a condition which, he said.
is confirmed by European experience.
Professor Karapetoff spoke at the
annual banquet of the Cornell Associa-
ton Of Eastern New York. He said
that new college graduates produce
the same effect upon incomes as low
grade immigrants from southern Eu-
rope produce upon the wages Of the
native workingman and that unionism
is quite essential to protection.