The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1912-06-15


about Is per cent The careful ei5i.
near VIII iet lbs grade stakes mol
more than fifty f4et apaft. ma - S s
case should they be cy er 4 hund ana
these VIII serve later Tor the Isl q "a
work In grading amrle material
should be left @ fofm tbs shoulders:
Care should Be used g properly slops
ing cuts and iills to avoid as far as POS.
slble settlement d materiai. a SLOPE of
not less tilan one and on half % one
should be used. Care should aIso BE
taken t., have the gutter grades 50. fxed
that there viii be at least a fall 81 SIX
inches Ia each hundred feet'i order 10
provide surface Drainage.
/ n general, any stone that l. 10 Sc
used In road building should be test.
ed for hardness, toughness, resistance
to wear and binding or cementins val.
ne. The specific gravity, weight Der
cubic foot and water absorbed are also
determined. With such data us this ID
hand and 2 knowledge ot the volume
and character Of traffic to which the
road e subjected the engineer can
: make an intelligent selection Of the
best available material. White the dia.
bases diorites and basalts, ali COM
monty known as traprock. 10 general
meet the conditions where macadam
roads are necessary. yet it is unwise to
select a rock by species alone. as they
all vary greatly.
There are two distinct types Of bro
ken stone rond in use today, known as
macadam and telford roads. The mac
adam road Of today is so different from
the type specified by Macadamsthat the
relation is hardly recognizable. BY the
best practices used this road consists In
e foundation course Of two and one
half inch stone Of varying thickness.
This foundation should be Thoroughly
rolled witta steam roller and not more
than a thickness of i've or six inches
rolled at time. On top Of this is
placed three or four inch layer of one
and one-half inch stone, and after thor.
oughly rolling a layer Of rock screen.
ings below thFee.quarters Of an inch in
size is spread This layer Of screenings
should be sufficient only to Gil the sur
face yoids &c the wearing course and
shonld not be applied all in one layer.
Each application of screenings should
be rolled in before the next abplica ton
Is made. After the surface has been
thoroughly filled with screenings the
road should be well sprinkled with a
watering cart and rolled with a steam
roller until it is thoroughly bonded
This rolling should continue until the
surface ceases to wave in front of the
roller.
Stone should never beidumped on the
road, and IL specially devised spread-
ing wagons are not used the stone
should be dumped on boards and spre6d
from them on to the road. The con.
tractor should be required to place
about hundred tons Of No. 2 stone
and screenings at convenient place
for each mile of road built for the pur.
pose Of making future repairs
The telford road Of today varies only
from the macadan road in that it has
hand paved foundation course. con.
slsttng of coarse stone eight or nine
inches IN its greatest dimensions.
These stones are placed on edge in the
subgrade by hand on their broadest
bases and alright angles to the line Of
the road. and all irregular portions are
broken Off with hammers.
! This type Of road was first designed,
by a French engineer named Tresaguet
forty years in advance of Telford. The
roads built by Telford had fat sub.
grades, but those constructed by Ire
saguet had cambered subgrades. which
are supposed to have the effect Of
keystone arch, and this is the form in
which they are constructed today. It
is rather an interesting fact that In
France practically oil OF the broken
stone roads IRE OF the Macadr1n type,
while in England they are largely Of
the Tresaguet or Telford type.
Experience has proved that the only
way in which roads can be Kept in
good condition and at reasonable cost
is by continuous and intelligent main.
tenance. 1t is u mistaken although I'M
fortunately general impression that
certain types OF road. are permanent.
No permanent road has ever BEEN con-
structed or ever can be.
Cutters. catch basins and culverts
ought by oil means to be kept clean,
and small gullies in shoulders should
be filed before they become too large.
The loose stone which nearly always
appears on the surface of a macadanl
road the first spring after it is built
should be rnked up and stacked for fu-
ture use. Small holes and incipient