davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1912-02-11

Claudia Libbey Hams. central figure in
the army tragedy at the Bayside Yacht
Club Flushing, Long Island, I'm 1905. when
her husband, Captain Peter G. Hams jr.,
shot and killed William Il. AnnIs, a New
York and Boston business man, was mar
ried at the home OF her parents, in East
Milton, Mass, to Richard Fairfax Bolles.
The bridegroom is a Boston artist.
Charles w. Morse got back to New York
looking and acting like a man with energy
returning TO business after a moderate ILL
ness lie was guarded on his return trip
from the federal prison at Atlanta far more
jealously than he was guarded when, as a
convicted prisoner, he made the trip down,
leaving here on January 2, 1910, TO serve a
sentence Of fifteen years for juggling the
accounts OF the National Bank OF North
Americas
"Egerton l.. Winthrop. jr.. was reelected
president OF the Board of Education Of
this city, defeating Thomas w. Churchill,
the candidate OF whom Mayor Gaynor
wrote 10 board members that his election
would please the Mayor Mr.. Winthrop
received "A votes. which was exactly the
number required for a choice. Mr.. Church
III received %"
THE DEATH LIST OF A WEEK.
What well known persons have died in
the course of the last week." inquired
Busy Man.
General James b. Weaver. Populist cam
dldate for President in 1892, died at the
homo OF relatives in Des Mo!nes, Iowa. He
was eighty years old. Truman c. White,
ex-justice OF the Supreme Court, the man
who pronounced the death sentence on
Leon Czolgosz, assassin OF President Nc
Kinley, and presided at many famous trials.
died in Buffalo after an operation. Assem-
New-York tribune., 1912-02-11
for $3.50 a year

SUNDAYS NEW.YoRk TRIBUNE
Mailed anywhere in the United States
for $3.50 a year.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-07

The mule industry in the United
States is Of great Importance and has
received especial impetus during
recent years on account of the Span
ish American and South African wars.
When the British army sent its agents
to the western continent to buy mules
they established a distributing center
at Lathrop, Missouri, and from this
point we're sent out $4,000 mules.
These mules, after serving throughout
the Boer war, are now one of the most
important factors in developing the
agriculture Of that region.
The states In which the largest
numbers Of mules are bred are Mis-
souri,. Texas, Tennessee. Kentucky,
Arkansas. Kansas, and In general the
southern and central states. The mar
ket prices Of mules are uniformly
higher than those for horses, and as
q result Of these conditions the raising
of mules under favorable conditions
Is a very profitable industry.
Mules may be used for all purposes
for which horses are suited, and in ad-
dition are we'll adapted to several lines
of work In which horses cannot be
employed. Mules excel horses in their
capacity for hard labor in endurance.
In length Of life. in freedom from dis
ease and in economy Of feeding.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-07

These mule-colts are respectively
two years and three years old. They
were. sold at that and: brought $3.50
cash. ~
In an emergency mules may be
worked for twenty-four hours without
water and for two or three days with
out food. The injurious results Of
such treatment are much less serious
than in the case Of horses. Digestive
disturbances are less frequent in mules
than in horses, and in general, with
the exception Of CHAMBERS, mules are
mparatively less subject to disease
than horses.
Mules are especially adapted for use
in mining. and as beasts Of burden for
packing purposes. For the latter pur-
pose. also, the western burro are we'll
adapted; these animals though dimin-
utive in size as compared with the
horse will carry as much weight. and
as far III q day, as horses.
The economy Of feeding mules
makes their employment in sugar and
cotton raising almost universal: in
fact. itsmay be doubted, under present
conditions. whether these industries
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-07
the ROUND DAIRY BARN
IN MANY RESPECTS THE ROUND DAIRY BARN IS MORN
DESIRABLE THAN ANY OTHER STYLE or
BUILDING.
BY W. J.. Fraser.

The lumber bills Of the rectanguiaS
barn show an increase in cost Of ~
per cent for the plank frame and Sc
per cent for the mortise frame. The
round barn 90 feet In diameter. con-
tains 1873 y. and the rectangular barn
226 Nneal feet Of wall.
The 90-foot round barn would hold
100 COWS In two rows. headed togsthsg.
IS Of which would be in the oatsG
circle and have three feet six inches
each in width at the gutter. Thie
leaves sufficient room for feed alleys
and walks and two passageways, one
three feet and the other seven fees
wide for the manure and feed oaEz4es.
All Of this IL outside OF the centFal
space for a silo 20 feet in diameter
and II feet high, with a capacity Of
$40 tons Of silage ana In tho NOW
there would still be an excess above
the capacity Of the rectangular basn
Of $4,000 cubic feet, which would hold
86 tons Of hay or as much a. the.
entire NOW Of barn 32xse feet with
20-foot posts.
In the final summing up Of the cost
of all the material for the completed
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-07
GRADING SOILS FOR LAWNS

The ideal soil for grasses best suited
Tor lawn making Is one which Is mod
erately moist and contains a consid-
cradle percentage Of clay-a soil which
Is somewhat retentive Of m Moisture. but
never becomes excessively wet, and Is
inclined to be heavy and compact
rather than light, loose and sandy. A
strong clay loan or a sandy loan
undertake by q clay subsoil Is I'M
doubleday the nearest approach to an
ideal soil for q lawn: it, therefore,
should be the aim in establishing a
lawn to approach as near as possible
to one or the other Of these types
of soil. In many localities it will be
very difficult to produce by any arti-
fetal means a soil which will approach
In texture either of the types recon-
mended. Our effort should, neverthe-
less. be directed to attaining az closely
as possible these ideals.
Where q pure sand or light sandy
soil IL the only foundation for the
lawn top dressing Of two or three
inches Of clay should be given and
incorporated with the first four to
six inches Of the sand, and after this,
II possible. the area should be used
for the production Of some crop which
gives an abundance Of vegetable mat
ter. In ATTITUDES south Of Washington.
d. c., COW peas and soy beans, and in
districts north of this red clover,
vetches and Canada peas are suitable
Tor this type of soil Improvement.
These crops II allowed to occupy the
land until their maximum growth is
attained and then plowed under, will
act very beneficially upon the structure
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-07

The last census showed 307,7
women farmers In the United States,
and there Is prospect Of a large in
crease in that num- or when the new
statistics come in.
Women have been called the con-
sentative sex, but they are displaying
anything but conservatism in the way
they are grasping and utilizing modern
methods in their farming.
All over New England, farm land
is being reclaimed by women-many
Of them worn out by the strain of
clerical or professional life-seekins
the country as q refuge. One scientihc
woman farmer-Miss Smiths an
nually making more than $4,000 on
land that did not produce revenue
of $500 for the entire ten years
previous to her purchaLe Of the farm.
In New Jersey the Misses Hunter have
made a marked success Of dairying.
Miss Emma Blanpied and Miss Beat
rice Cooley have for ten years been
successful farmers in Oklahoma. They
did actual pioneer work. going there
from Kansas, breaking and developing
the land for their crops. Mrs. Ruth
Lift of Long Island, Is one of the
most successful, from a financial
standpoint, farm woman in the United
States. Miss Jessie Field, of Iowa,
has promoted the work of Corn Clubs
among boys and Bread Clubs among
girls. the effects Of which have been
for the rural betterment not only In
every part Of Iowa but In many parts
Of the country. To the end that
hundreds Of thousands Of lives may
be saved In India, where famine often
lays desolate whole villages, Miss Elsie
Leue, a senior student in the College
Of Agriculture at the Ohio State Uni
versity, will become the first farm
missionary to the land Of the Hindoos.
Miss Leue is Cincinnati girl, and
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-07
WOMAN and her farm WORK

p1ish Mr. b. s. MCDOWELL Of M6ssl-
ohusetts IL treasurer of the Natioual
Grange in the United States. MtsD
Emma Wilson Of Illinois, Miss Chand-
Ter Of Wisconsin and Miss Flora AoI1-
tyre Of California are successful NO.
men bee keepers. Miss Il. Kate IL
Lacheur Is president Of wou1anss
farm in England. She IL a graduate
Of New Iham college, and has taken
It upon herself to train girls toy ON.
door and agricultural work.
Studley Agricultural and Hose9uua.
tural College for women in England
Is doing a large work TN teaching NO.
ing, dairying and poultrying. I'm or
der that we may have an efficient and
happy rural hfe, the study OF tho
problems which confront the home =
as necessary az tho study which svesy
progressive farmer 10 now giving 70 the
cultivation OF his zelda" So sa1D Miss
Mary Cresweil, one OF 0eorg1a's Club
women, who IL School Extension A.
sistant Of the Agricultural College.
Miss Mary L. Matthews, who has
been doing work in Farmers' 1nstftoteo
in Indiana. has this to says Even
farmers wife should not be . house-
hold drudge, a plain dish washer and
bed maker. She should b given time
and opportunity for church and even
club work II she desires. The condi-
ton Of women on the farm II partly
due to themselves, many women Of To-
day are using the same cooking utsn.
sils as those employed BY their grand
mothers" Mrs. M. II. Dunlap OF I'M
nois Is president Of the State Dooss-
tic Science Association. In regard 70
the work Of the Association. she Ayss
1--WE believe that women should re-
ceiye assistance and education in Or.
der that they may help In making
better homes."
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-07

has made a thorough study Of scien-
tiflc farming, which she In turn
expects to teach to the farmers OF
India, that they may In future raise
crops large enough to feed the people.
While teaching farming she will also
teach Christianity to the heather In
ana around Punjab, India.
Many towns throughout the United
States are inaugurating Rest Rooms
for the benefit Of farm women who
come In town to shop. Miss Clara
Haynie, of Georgia, Is one Of the
champion corn growers Of that state.
She averaged 40 bushels Of corn to
the acre, which was several bushels in
excess of the highest record given by
any of the boys. Mrs. Matthew T.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-07

In establishing lawns all grading
should be done while the lana Is in
the rough. just after tho first break
ing Of the soil by blowing. When the
surface soil is deep and the grading
slight no special care is required, but
where the soil is shallow or the re-
grading to be done considerable, care
must be exercised so as not to make
tho surface soil 30 shallow as to pre-
vent the proper growth Of grass.
Where the regarding is considerable,
the proper procedure Is to take up the
surface soil and put it aside; then
do all the necessary grading on the
subsoil thus exposed. When the SUBJ
soil is thus brought to a grade, It
should then be examined. Wherever
an excavation has been made Of SUI
fcient depth to expose subsoil diff
ferent in appearance from that i'm
mediately below the top SOIL removed,
it's character should be determined.
II hard and impervious to root growth
1t should be thoroughly plowed or
otherwise loosened before replacing
the top soil. An application Of coarse
manure would be helpful. If this
blowing is not done, an allowance Of
at least three inches additional top
soil should be made on these portions
After grading. the surface soil is uni
formly spread over the land. This Is
a more economical procedure than to
haul in fresh surface soil In after
years to renovate the impoverished
sections Of the lawn where the sub
soil was exposed and, furthermore
avoids tho difficulty often found in
procuring surface soil.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-07

Tho pecan Is ono Of the most I'm
portant Of the nut-bearing trees grown
in the United States, and within the
area thought to be adapted to its Gull
ture no other agricultural or horti-
cultural product which has appeared
during recent years In attracting
greater attention or being 30 widely
exploited.
1t was not found by the early
botanists nearer tho Atlantic coast
than Western Alabama in the south
and Central Tennessee and Kentucky
In the north. but with tho progress of
agriculture in the south tho species
has been carried eastward and widely
distributed with apparent success over
the Eastern Gulf and South Atlantic
states. It has also been sparingly in
troduced into many Of the northern
states, including Ohio, Michigan, New
York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Della
ware, New Jersey, and to a slight extent
into tho lower New England states
In the west It has received but little
attention. A few planted trees may
be found here and there from Wash
ington 70 Southern California, but
pecan growing has not become an i'm
portant industry west of the Rocky
Mountains.
The evident age Of not uncommon
large trees near the Gulf coast indi-
Gates that the planting Of pecans in
the southern states east and south Of
the area Of the natural range Of the
species has been in progress for more
than a century. The planting of
orchards in those states began with
Seeding trees about 20 years after the
Civil War. During the early nineties
grated and budded trees Of named
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-07
IMPORTANCE OF the MULE
LARGE-s1zED WELL-PROPORT1oNED AND STRONGLY
BUILT MULES ARE AN EXTREMELY VALUABLE
FARM ASSET

would be possible II all the labor
which IL now done by mules had to be
performed by horses. In the southern
states two types Of mules have re-
ceived special names on account Of
their connection with these industries.
The Sugar mule is larger, more power
full and more valuable than the Cotton
mule, which Is the smaller, cheaper
type. These types are governed &C
cording to the requirements placed
upon the animal. the work in the
sugar field being harder than that In
the cotton field.
As draft animals and for general
work purposes mules excel horses in
several respects. They are capable Of
more continuous application at heavy
work, under unfavorable conditions
Although they may often be less
tractable, they are also less excita bic,
and therefore more desirable for work
In situations where unsteady move
ments or plunging would be dangerous
to the draft animals and to the
machinery and attendants. The color
which Is most desired in mules Is dark
brown or black, and in breeding them
the Jacks and mares are selected with
reference to the probability of securing
these $colors in the mules.
Mules require essentially the same
general care and management as
horses. They should be weaned at
about four months of age, and the
subsequent feeding should be governed
according to the purpose for which
the mules are being raised. The mar
ket requirements for; mules are that
they should be fat. and attention
should therefore be given to this point
in. order to bring them to fat con-
dition soon after they are 2 years old.
In the southern states 1t is well to
begin the fattening process in Novem-
Der before the animals become 2 years
of age. They may be fed a dozen
Of clover or timothy hay until the
following April. The mules may then
be turned out upon clover pasture
and the quantity Of grain may be in
creased. AS soon as the clover Is cut
feeding with clover hay may be re-
sumed in the barn, and shelled corn
should be continued In the ration. The
animals should have free access to
water and salt Shelled oats and bran
are regarded by many mule raisers as
essential to the proper finishing of
mules for market. With Sugar mules
this process of feeding should bring
the animals to a weight Of from 1900
to 1850 pounds when they are Just
past 2 years of age. The same care
and attention should be given to the
feeding Of Cotton mules except that
the process should begin later. usually
after the animals are Just past the
second year.
In comparative experiments with
mules and horses It was found that
the mule did about one-third more
work than the horse, ate less corn.
more slower and required more water.
A prominent mule raiser states that
as a result Of experiments extending
over a period Of rs years. three mules
may be expected to consume about az
much as two horses, and to remain
in better condition than the horses
although doing the same amount Of
work.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-07

The round barn has q special advan-
tage In the work Of distributing sllage
to the cows. Feeding commences AZ
the shute where It is thrown down
and continued around the circle end
ing with the silage cart at chute again
ready for the next feeding. The same
is true in feeding hay and grain.
Another great advantage Is the
large unobstructed haymow. With
the self-supporting roof there are no
timbers whatever obstructing the NOW.
which means no dragging Of hay
around or over posts or Orders. me
hay carrier runs on a circular track
around the NOW, midway between the
silo and the outside wall and drops
the hay at any desired point. which
means the saving of much labor.
The circular construction is the
strongest because it takes advantage
of the Mneal instead Of the breaking
strength Of the lumber. Each row OF
boards running around the barn forms
a hoop that holds the barn together.
Any piece Of timber is many times
stronger on a lineal pull than on a
breaking stress!
All exposed surfaces of round barn
are circular, as both the sides and roof
are arched, which is the strongest form
of construction to resist wind pressure.
Beside, the wind in striking 1t glances
of, and can get no direct hold on the
walls or roof as 1t can on the fiat side
or gable ends Of a square or rect
angular structure.
II the lumber Is properly placed In
a round barn much Of It will perform
two or more functions. Every row
of siding boards running around the
building serves also as a brace and
the Same Is true Of the roof-boards
and the arched rafters. If the siding
Is put on vertically and the roof built
dome-shape. no scaffolding is required
inside or out. These are points of
economy in the round construction.
Another item Of economy in the
circular barn is less framing lumber.
This form has the strongest possible
construction with the least lumber in
the frame and the least bracing, not
a single timber larger than a 2x6 be-
ing required above the sill. The
arched circular roof requires no sup
port and no scaffolding is needed in
side during its construction. In COM
pairing the 60-foot round barn with a
rectangular barn of the same area,
the two barns should afford the cows
the same amount Of space on the
platform. Allowing each COW in the
6o-foot round barn feet six inches in
width at the rear Of the platform, 1t
will accommodate 40 COWS and leave
space for two passageways. But, in
rectangular barn only feet four
inches platform space need be allowed
for each cow and the 1871 foot barn.
with two 3-foot passageways across It
for convenience III feeding will accom-
modate ~ COWS. While the rect
angular barn has stali-room for two
moro cows. the round barn contains
space In tho center for q sflo Is feet
in diameter.
Tho complete bills for materials for
these barns show the exact saving in
lumber on the 60-foot round barn over
tho plank and mortise frame rect
angular barns. aex7Sh feet. !
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-07

However, difficult It may seem for
a man to take hold Of farm in one
Of the older agricultural sections at
the present time. yet the fact remains
that many Of these sections are still
rich IN opportunities for him to secure
a good farm that will some day prove
a competency.
Good hand, situated near a good
market and desirable shipping facili-
ties Is certain to increase in value as
soon as men who are farming high
priced hand In other parts Of the coun-
try become familiar with the opportu-
mites and advantages offered by these
sections.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-07

Showing al rafters In plnco and
method of sheathtns OF goof Of round
barn. -s%
dairy barns with silos show tho saw
Ing Of from 81 to So per cent in favor
Of the round barn and did, or an
actual money saving Of from 137S
to $1.184. depending upon: the size aud
construction Of the barn
Thoughtless men go on building
rectangular barns. but what would this
reckless disregard Of a possible saving
Of "a to SO per cent mean in q years
business on the farm? II the dairy
men discarded the idea of q reot-
angular barn and built q round barn
instead. with the money thus saved,
he could buy ono OF the best puFs
bred sires for his herd. aud also from
three to ten pure-bred heifers Or nne-
grade cows. Either Of these purchases
might double the prof1t of tho herd.
or this saving properly applied would
purchase many labor-saving dev3ceaL
which would make life less Of drudG.
cry on many dairy farmA
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-07
BY O. A. Reed.

varieties appeared in sufficient num-
bers 80 that few orchards Of such
trees were then planted, but COM
paratively few orchards Of either seed
ling or grated trees were planted
previous to 1900. Since that time.
especially during the past five years,
the planting Of pecan orchards In the
southern states has been taking place
at q rapidly accelerating rate.
In Southern Mississippi. Southern
Alabama, Central and Southern
Georgia and Northern Florida, large
tracts OF land. frequently several hun
dred acres in extent, are being planted
to pecan trees and later sold to out
side investors. For several years the
demand for nurserygrown trees has
been far beyond the supply. leading
nurserymen booking orders for their
entire output from six to eight months
before the planting season. Most
unusual interest is being manifested
in pecan culture, and investments,
which are large for an industry that is
still in its infancy. are being made In
spite of the fact that very few pecan
orchards are as yet Of sufficient age
to have been in bearing long enough
to furnish reliable data upon which
to make safe estimates as to the
probable yields Of a given variety at
any stated age in particular localities
Observations, accurate In themselves,
on the bearing records Of single trees
here and there are frequently taken
as the basis for estimates as to the
probable yield Of an entire orchard Of
the same variety or varieties. but as
1t usually develops that the trees max
ing these records have grown under
conditions Of exceptionally favorable