Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1912-06-22


some lava over its sides that ran
three miles In four minutes.
Experts at Work.
The vulcanologists are again at their
post at Kilauea, delving into terrestrial
physics but largely conjectural will be
our knowledge of the causes of the
two great commissions of nature, the
volcano and the earthquake. We know,
or think we know, that the interior of
the earth Is liquid. and judging from
the increase of temperature as one
sinks deeper through the earth's crust
and, beginning at a point some thirty
miles from the crust. II Is the consen'
sus of opinion of the scientists that
all beyond that point Is seething,
swirling mass with a temperature so
high that solids of any nature must
yield and become a part OF the mass.
Allowing that the whole center OF
the earth Is boiling mass, according
20 the simplest of physics, there must
be a vent, a safety-valve, as II were,
and In such capacity the volcano
acts. Without this escape vent for the
pent.up energy II IL probable that the
earths crust would be burst asunder,
and other occurrences take place
that would tend to make the surface
Of the earth most uncomfortable
place to live.
TWO Glasses Of Eruptions.
| Eruptions OF volcanoes are OF two
classes-the explosive class and the
quiescent. Vesuyius Is Of the former
class and is occasioned by the pres.
ence of large solids or partial solids
that are not in complete fluid con.
dition, and being forced to the top by
the energy OF the molten mass below,
! gradually fill the vent and in time the
large volume of vapors that generate
below burst through the line of least
resistance, carrying everything with
them to great heights above the
earth's surface.
| When the quiet types of VOLCANOES
get into a state of eruption the lava
comes to the surface In decidedly
liquid form, thoroughly fused, and
iwill flow down an incline with the
freedom of water. Such volcano Il
4 Kilauea. The mass that fills the con
duit (call II so for want OF a better
term of Kilauea Is thoroughly lique
!, fled and gives very little room for the
4 accumulation Of gases, and ever
4 the latter forming escaping without
! explosions or violent demonstrations
i Within the knowledge of living meT
today are instances where volcanoes
have blown their heads of. The vol
cano of Coseguina. in Nicaragua, II
, such a one. In 1885 this volcano
known as an explosive volcano, work
, cd itself into state of eruption. Al
I lngppihA1 oil lao I,,tt 4,
| this volcano became clogged with rocl
and earth which did not readily Civ,
| way to the fast.generating mass below
with the result that the summit POI
, tion, a number of miles in circumfer
ence and few thousand feet high
was completely blown away. And Il
recent years, so short aotime ago a
[ 1883, the volcano of Krakatoa. in tn
ii Straits of Sunday, blew itself all T.
4 pieces, and so complete was the wor
. that the whole mountain disappeared
a II does not seem that we are I
2 know much more about the motiv
power that Is beneath the lava tina
we do about that city in the beyOn
e whose streets are paved with golt
t whence no traveller returns. Hardl
}. do the biologists settle to their satil
S faction the theory of eruptiOns tina
a some distant volcano gets to work an
n knocks their theories into cooke
n hat. The latest along this line of r,
r search is that the shrinking and coo
ing OF the inner mass causes fracture
" In the outer portions of the earth
Y crust, The molten mass, ever seekin
4. relieving channel, PUSHES into III
., nsgurpg mpptinp the Watpr-Chnrg0