davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jefferson jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 1907-1926, 1912-11-28
Had Experience

A man applied for job in a
nursery. Do you know any
thing about grafting?" he was
asked.
well, ! admit that | know
some thing about it, said he.
II was county commissioner the
year we let so many contracts
for bridges. Farm and Home
London.
Jefferson jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 1907-1926, 1912-11-28
If you haven't laughed

If you haven't laughed in
twenty years you will break
over" when you read in Holland $
Magazine for December The
Feud of Grandmothers" and
find how cleverly they schemed
to link their families and estates
by linking their grandson and
daughter in marriage.
We club with Farm and Ranch
and Hollands Magazine.
Jefferson jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 1907-1926, 1912-11-28
For Sale Cheap

AZ ID acre farm suitable for
truck and dairying. two miles from
Jefferson; house and two lots in
Jefferson; two good hon SEES, safe
and servicable, a good cart,
FOR RENT-New three room
house and one or more acres of
land, ia town. See
Davis Biggs
Jefferson Texas.
Jefferson jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 1907-1926, 1912-11-28
FOR SALE ORIENT

My place of l25 acres, about one
mile West of Jefferson across the
river, embracing the old fair
grounds; all under good wire fence
just above the +. x p. railroad
good productive soil. Write or
see me for further particulars.
George Hail,
dl4 Jefferson, Tex.
Jefferson jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 1907-1926, 1912-11-28
Declare War on Colds,

A crusade of education which aims
that common colds may become un.
common within the next generation,
has been begun by prominent New
YoIk physicians. Here s list of the
don'ts" which the doctors say will
prevent the annual visitation Of the
cold:
."Don't sit in drarghty car"
Don't sleep in bot rooms
Don't avoid fresh air."
Don't stuff yourself at meal time;
Overeating reduces your resistance.
To which we would add. when you
take a cold get rid Of it as quickly "a
possible. To accomplish this YOU will
find Chambcrlain's Cough Remedy
most excellent. Sold by all dealers.
Jefferson jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 1907-1926, 1912-11-28

A storage battery illuminated
electric sign has been invented
TO be worn on the arm of a per
son selling refreshments in thea
tcrS or other public places.
Jefferson jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 1907-1926, 1912-11-28

Desertions in the United States
army in 1911 amounted to only
9 SO per cent--a lower rate than
in any other year for ninety
years, except in 1898.
Jefferson jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 1907-1926, 1912-11-28

MONDAY. DRCEAbBH 10.
900 a. m.-Devotional Exercise, conducted
by Rev. T. c. Cummings.
Music-Clarence Braden.
What is the Fundamental Purpose Of the
Teachers Institute?-Supt. darlington and
Miss Alice Emmert.
English in the Eighth Grade Miss Marian
Cornbrooks
Literature in the Public Schools Misses
Margaret Collins, Louise Coleman. Each
teacher to name classics for each grade
A Sketch-Chas Dckens-Miss Lena Nose
ley.
Writing in THE Primary Grades.-Mrs. Jen-
ME Barnes, Miss Lille May Kelly.
Enrolment.
100 p. m. Music-Mss May Belle Hale.
The Needs of Marion County Schools.-Supt
Alice Emmert.
Obligations of the Public School Teacher to
Teach Civic Duty.-Newton Mccain, Leo
Snead.
The Personality of the Teacher Jennie
Barnes.
Each teacher to give an outline program for
the following days, Washington's Birthday,
San Jacinto, Best to be printed.
What Should be Done With Slow Pupils9-
Misses Sallie Laner. Addie V. Lennon
Lesson: School Room Essentials.
and Horn.-Mrs. R. w. Vinson.
TUESDAY
900 a. IN. Opening Exercises. c. G.
Hofmeister.
Music.-Mrs. Mamie Parker.
What Really Constitutes Successful Teach
ing?-General discussion, led by Mrs.
Willie Scroggins.
Rights of the Country Chld.-Misses Eunice
Bussey and Josie Taylor
Body Building Miss Lena Moseley.
What Supplementary Work Should be Done:
and How?
First Grade. Mrs. r. w. Vinson
Second Grade . Miss Cinnie Preston
Third Grade ..... Miss Clattice Pinkston
Fourth Grade. MISS DOnye Dunn
Fifth Grade ..........M Miss league
NOON
l 80 D. IN. Music.-Miss Des Urquhart.
Model Lesson in Spelling. Gene
We've Francisco, Alyeen Jarrett.
Why Pupils are Poor Readers.-Misses Lena
Moseley Fannie McNeely.
Problems of the One Teacher School. Misses
Grace Ray, Minnie Morris.
School Reviews.-Discussion, led by Mrs.
Archer.
Monthly Examination Mrs. Jennie Barnes.
Lesson: School Room Essentials
Vinson.
WEDNESDAY.
$50 a. m.-Opening Exercises, conducted by
Rev. G.. L. Morris.
Music-Duet--Mr Bland, Walter Bland.
How is the President of the United States
Electedg-Hon. T. D. Rowell.
Address, by G. w. Orms, District Demonstra-
ton Agent, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture
MineOla, Texas.
Agriculture.-S. c. Hart, Local Agricultural.
Demonstration.
Domestic Science in the Public Schools
Miss Marian COrnbrookS.
NOON.
80 D. m Music.-Mrs. G. w. Brown.
Jefferson jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 1907-1926, 1912-11-28

DIR IL. Smith - said 70 have
a Photographic print
ing paper capable OF red uriag
an natural co!ors from su.'alse
negatives.
Jefferson jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 1907-1926, 1912-11-28

In s.s.s- CASE Of -er~ luDes You nerd
su int-gbsl sud external remedy Hay
the dollar siHs # Ballads HoTrhoaud
syrup AMI ven get tao rem -sii.- Cor III.
Ptte~ II s.o*. With every dolisr bottle
There l. = fs.e ileIrisks Red P.Irser
I..fuu~ llssief for I'd. chest. sod rs
4 len unquhsrt.
Jefferson jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 1907-1926, 1912-11-28

The worlds largest dry dock
has been completed at Belfast,
ireland. 1t is 896 feet long and
100 feet wide. All told, it was
eight years in building.
Jefferson jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 1907-1926, 1912-11-28
Notice.

The new management of the
Ice and Light Plant wishes to
thank it's patrons and the public
in advance for their patronage
and hopes to better the service
materially with your co-opera-
ton. D. G. Driscoll,
Manager.
Jefferson jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 1907-1926, 1912-11-28
Cheap limitations

Owing to the immense sale and pop
ularity of DR.. Bells Pine-Tar- Ii oney
there ar. many cheap limitations on
the market under similar sounding
names, but you can always get the gen
uine by looking for the bell on the bot
tlp
Jefferson jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 1907-1926, 1912-11-28

There are no billiards. in the
Yukon valley in winterand there
is little wind. Snow about two
Jeet deep covers everything from
early October TIL spring.
Jefferson jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 1907-1926, 1912-11-28

Italian engineers plan Ia bore
tunnel through Mont
Gents. thirteen miles long, to
shorten the railroad into France
by about twelve miles.
Jefferson jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 1907-1926, 1912-11-28

Model Lesson in U. s. History Lu.
cilc Stalcup, Lee Snead.
How l Teach Elementary Agebra.-Ernest
BObo.
How Teach Texas History.-Newton Mccain
Why Do so Many Examination Applicants
Fail in Arithmetic!-Prof j. ". Talkington,
Miss Louise Cole nan.
Lesson.
900 a. m.-Opening Exercises Conducted by
Rev. j. WOOdsOn.
Music.-Miss Adeline Carlson.
What Should be Done the First Day Of
School.-Mrs. N. NJ. Carter, Miss Ruby
Reagan.
Model Lesson in Primary Arithmetic
Misses Cinnie Preston, Margaret Collins.
My Third Grade-Misses Minnie Morris,
Alyeen Jarrett
Ways Of Teaching Kindness to Animals.
Misses Donye Dunn, Eunce Brssey.
Language in the First and Second Grades
Mrs. Vinson, Miss Genevieve Francisco.
NOON
I 80 p. m. Music-Duet-Mrs Kirkland,
Mrs. Bland.
The Teaching of Composition and it's Results
Ernest Bobo.
What Does the Teacher Owe the Community
in Which She Teaches?-Misses Fannie
McNeey Lizzie Pruitt. Josie Taylor
What the Patrons Should Do for the School
Mrs. John Howard.
Science in the High School --ProfJ W. Talk
ington.
Lesson.
900 a. m.-Opening Exercises.
Music.-Mrs. G. W. Brown, Kathlene Potts
Story Telling as an Educational Element in
Teaching.-Miss Lucille Stallcup, Mrs. Ar
cher.
Arithmetic -Denominate Numbers - Mrs.
Willie Scroggins.
Arithmetic. -Percentage.-Er Bobo.
Talk on Playground Equipment.-M
Lille May Kelly.
The Dress of the Teacher-Miss Margaret
Collins.
Spelling Lucille Stallcup.
Multiplication Tables Miss Cinnie Preston.
Knapp Agricultural Day-Mrs. N. M. Carter,
G.. A, Lowrey.
Roll Call.-Current Events.
The Montessori Method. Miss Cinne Pres
ton.
WT Ransi in the Ea Public School Prof Marn1
Geography Made Interesting. Discussion,
led by G. A. Lowrey, Miss Laner.
The Mothers Club and the School. Mrs. D.
c. Wise, Pres. Mothers Club.
Test in Pronunciation.
Lesson-School Room Essentials
The Teachers Institute will be held at the
Public School Building in Jefferson Deem
Der 1920.
All teachers required to be present and
Those
who fail to prepare lessons on School Room
Essentials will fail in duty. Questions on the
subjects will be printed for distribution
Books can be purchasedlst Sedberry's Drug
Store.
Trustees and patrons are requested to be
present and take part in all discussions.
Very truly,
ALICE EMMERT,
County Superintendent
Jefferson jimplecute. (Jefferson, Tex.) 1907-1926, 1912-11-28
Foley kiyIneY Fills

rOuic ~ ACTOR QUICK IN RESULTS
Give prompt relief from BACKACHE,
KIDNEY and BLADDER TROUBLE,
RHEUMATISM, CONGESTION OF the
KIDNEYS, INFLAMMATION Of tho
BLADDER and all annoying URINARY
IRREGULARITIES. A positive boon to
MIDDLE AGED and ELDERLY
PEOPLE and for WOMEN.
NAVE HioHEsr RECOMMENDATION
T. A. Davis, G2J Washington St. Connersviila
Ind, is In his 85th year. He writes us: II have
lntely suffered much from my kidneys and bad
der had severe bsc aehos and my kidney action
was too frequent, causing mo To lose much sleep
ut night, and in my bladder there was constant
pain. took Foley Kidney Pills for some time,
and am now FREQ OF all trouble and ga In Y BILE ID
be mp and around. Foley Kidney Pulls have my
highest recon menda ton
Sold By ALLEN URQUHART
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-06-15
SUNDAY LIQUOR
 CLUBS CAN'T TAKE CHANGES Superintendent Birmingham and Prosecutor Merritt
 In Conference POLICE ON GUARD TOMORROW All Officers and Employees of Sunday Speak Easy"
 Places Liable
POLICE ON GUARD TOMORROW

Superintendent Birmingham and Lii quor Prosecuting Agent Albert J. Mer- rftt held a conference this morning relative to the decision recently hand ed down by the Supreme court rela- tive to Sunday liquor clubs.
 Y This is the decision upsetting Judge Fosters ruling that all frequenters of places where liquors are unlawfully sold may be adjudged violators of the law. The Supreme court holds that unless the place where the arrests are made Is a regularly licensed place, the freQuenters cannot be held ab such.
 "I don't propose to let these clubs open up now that the court decision has apparently given them more lee way than before,'' said Superintendent Birmingham following the conference we'll have men on the watch for violations, and the first sign of Illegal business will be followed by arrests. !"
 Prosecuting Agent Merritt instructed Supt. Birmingham that under the Su- preme courts ruling the police are not expected to make any arrests of fre- Quenters of unlicensed places.
 Tn the case of raids upon clubs, said Prosecutor Merritt, "the police wiNSarrest the officers of the club, as parties to the violation, and will take into custody also all men who are found employed around the premises, such as walters, bartenders, doofkeep- CTS and the like.''
 Merritt said the only effect of the decision Was to place freQuenters of the unlicensed places beyond prosecu- tion., But all in any way responsible for the illegal liquor traffic, or em- ployed in It, are arnenable to prosecu- stion. -
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-06-15
RIVAL ATTRACTION
 TAFT GREETING TO
 TRIUMPHANT ENTRY

Coliseum, Chicago, June 15.-With a view to providing a counter attrac- ton for the Roosevelt triumphant entry, this evening, the Taft forces, today, announce 0 headliner of their own for o'clock, tonight, when they will have public dedication of their general headquarters in the presi- dential suite at the Congress. The dedication will take the form of a monster public rally and will be held in a suite adjacent to that of Roose- velt
 The Taft men have elected 9 vice chairman from every state and ter rftory, all of whom are expected to be present. The speeches will be made by Former .Vice-President Charles Warren Fairbanks, Rev. Dr. John Wesley Hill of New York, John Hays Hammond, of New York and close friend of President Taft, Will liam Barnes. IT,, of New York, Will liam Morehouse, of Nevada, Senator J. K. Cubbison, Kansas City and G. B. Mcdonald, Texas.
 Tonight's meeting has been arrang~ ed by Harry s. Daugherty, of Ohio, as chairman, James l.. Phillips, of Washington, secretary, and Harold Mackenzie, of New York, assistant secretary. Among the announced ce-presidents by states are:
 Connecticut, Charles Hopkins Clark, Maine, Marion Simpson, Man- sachusetts. John Hays Hammond. New Hampshire, Nathan D. Baicheld. ~
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-06-15
TEDDY TELLS WHY
 HE'S ON HIS WAY
Issues Address From Train Explaining
 His Reason for Going to Chicago

Enroute with Colonel Roosevelt. Toledo O., June l5.-Colonel Roose- yelt, in a statement made, today, said:
 tMy object in getting to Chicago is perfectly simple. The actions of certain national committeeman have unfortunately made it evident that, in this fight between the plain people and the public men who should be their servants and who attempt to be their masters, there is a concerted effort being made by professional politicians and the interests for which they stand, deliberately to rob the people of the victory the people have fairly won. When such is the case, l did not feel at liberty to refuse to come to the place in which the fight is being waged."
 At Elyria, O.. several hundred peo- pie and band were at the station but the Colonel was at breakfast and was unable to appear before the train pulled. out. At the station here, Roosevelt went to the observation end of the train where he was greeted by crowd
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-06-15
Connecticut
 Delegate says
 Cummins May Be The Nominee

There seems to be spread of Sen- timent for man like Cummins and fully believe that if Taft fails to get someone of his type will get it." This statement was made to a Farmer re- porter this afternoon when the spe- cial delegate, train for the National Republican convention in Chicago, pulled into. the station to take aboard those who went from this city. "The Connecticut delegation is for Taft at the present standing, as it has been right along and I can see no reason why change in it's attitude can be expected. If Taft fails to get the nomination I confidentiaily expect that third candidate will be the choice. I don't consider that. Roose- velt's appearance on the field will benefit him at all."
 The delegate train left New Haven and arrived in Bridgeport at 2:t4 leaving hepe exactly at 2:15, the sched- uled time. It consisted of a baggage icar. a diner. an observation car aud three sleepers. It is due to reach its destination tomorrow afternoon and to leave Chicago on the return trip, Friday morning.
 John T. King. delegate. and Waldo c. Bryant, an alternate at large, with c. Barnum Seeley, Judge Carl Eos ter and United States Marshal Sidney E.. Hawley as guests, and Secretary of State Matthew H. Rogers, were those who left Bridgeport.
 It would appear from the attitude of these men that Taft's chances are somewhat dubious, although none of them would be quoted as saying so. The opinion seemed to be inclined to- ward the possibility of third candi- date with Cummins' name mentioned. Roosevelt was decidedly out of 1t with all.
 It would be useless for me to comment upon the situation" said one of the gentlemen. 'I know no more about the situation in Chicago as it is today than anyone else. It would be purely guess work for me to speculate as to who might be nominated or what the convention may do."
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-06-15
|! . LEAGUE IS AFTER
 UMPIRE RED HELD

President James H. O'Rourke of the Connecticut baseball league this after noon received a telegram from Presi- dent Ed Barrow of the International league. asking if the services of Um- pire Red Held could be secured. The International league is in bad way for umpires and Barrow wanted. Held to report to the International league at once ,s
 President ORourke said he would like to accommodate Barrow but he could not see his way clear to deprive the Connecticut league of such a good official. The International league of fered to send Umpire Dick Nailin in exchange for Held. Nallin umpired last year in the Connecticut league. Under the new rules, umpires may be drafted and it looks as if one of the major leagues will draft Umpire Held at the close of the Connecticut league season. President OfRourke thinks highly of Held's work and thinks he is bound to advance.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-06-15
Sudden Death of Well
 Known Stratford Woman

Mary Louise Lewis, aged .53 years, among the best known residents of Stratford, died suddenly at her home last evening. Her death cast gloom over many homes in Stratford as we'll as in this city for she was widely known and much admired. Miss Lewis was calling at the home of a neighbor last evening, apparently in the best of spirits. On the way home she was stricken with a fainting spell and her two sisters, who accompanied her, assisted her into her home. Her death followed in a short time, due to asthma and heart trouble. Miss Lewis was the daughter of Eli and Elizabeth Lewis. She lived in the Lewis homestead in Stratford. Her family is one of the oldest in the state. dating it's Connecticut ancestry back in the early Colonial days.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-06-15

square thinking and reputable citizens. (Signed) Hiram w. Johnson, Cover nor of California and chairman Cali fornia delegation. William E. Glass cock, delegate-at-large from West Virginia. Borden D. Whiting, national Committeeman-elect from New Ger sey. Robert H. Mccormick, Illinois. A. l.. Garford, Ohio, Edward c. Ger rington, Maryland, Marion Butler
 North Carolina, William Finn, dele gate, Pennsylvania, B. B. Hurd, Ari- zona, W. R. .stubbs, Governor of Kan sas, S. s. McNich, North Carolina, Robert s. Vessey, Governor South Dakota.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-06-15
BOLT COMING IF
 TAFT IS NAMED
Attack on Taft and His Forces Indicates Course
 of Roosevelt Men

Coliseum, Chicago, June. 15-As it's final assault on the national commit tee by the Roosevelt managers before the arrival of their chief, they is- sued the following open letter, today
 This letter is taken to be the laying of the ground work for the Roosevelt bolt in case Taft is nominated:
 Gentlemen: Representing as we do the Republicans of our respective states, or the delegations duly elected to the national Republican conven- tion, we thus advise you. in order that hereafter the matter may be one of record. that you are prostituting your positions, violating every tenet sinating the Republican party. You are perpetrating gross frauds and dis franchising Republicans of the diff ferent states. You are engaged in a deliberate attempt to thwart the will of the rank and file of the Republi- can party and this to convert the par ty of progress into one of reaction. You know this, we know it, the na- tion knows it. We, in our individual capacity and the Republicans whom we represent will not tolerate or sub- init to your illegal outrageous and larcenous acts. We demand that you reconsider your unlawful actions thus far taken, that you cease your as-
 sault upon the integrity of the Repub- lican party and that you perform your functions in Republican fashion. with fairness and honesty. Unless you rescind your fraudulent decisions upon you shall rest the responsibility of attempts to assassinate the Re publican party and for all time to come you will have, the contempt and execration of all liberty loving.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-06-15
TAFT GIVEN TEXAS AFTER BITTER FIGHT
Steam Roller in Excellent Form Crinds Out Delegates
 For Taft

Taft people refused . roll cali. Don't do that, for Gods sake, 's
 pleaded Committeeman Capers of South Carolina. referring to the re- fusal Remember next November '' Chicago, June 15.-Cecil Lyon, na- tional committeeman from Texas. and Roosevelt manager in that state, at the opening of the session of the na- 1 tional committee, today, asked that the Taft contest for delegates-at-large from Texas, eight in number, be | thrown out on the ground that the | Taft men had not filed their notices
 of contest within 20 days before the | meeting of the national committee. i Senator Borah, of Idaho, made | Committeeman Capers of South Car
 olina, back Lyon up in his conten- tion.
 Friday, we refused to admit con- tests from Alaska because the papers
 were not filed in time," said Luon.
 s'The same situation exists in Texas ] at large.''
 Over the violent protests of Lyon, Capers and Frank B. Kellogg. the
 Taft men put through a motion to postpone the Texas contests and to take up Virginia
 You can't run over us Hlke tiaak!"
 shouted Capers, anrily. Its the ! worst case of bu1ldoxing ever sGw,'' said Francis J. Heney, of Callfofz1a. The Taft mon smiled. They had agreed befmshaind to put or the Texas cases as long as possible ana Lyons move gave them the chance they were looking for.
 The Roosevelt claimantg from Vir- glnia did not appear when called and the committee passed Virginia lem porari1y and took up WAshfngton. on
 motion of Senator Peurose. of Penn syIvania. Kellogg explained that the Roosevelt virginians had not expect ed to be called until noon. The Roosevelt men from Washing ton not being present when called. the committee voted to call Texas again. fst Nf.1z When both sides from Texas ap- fpeared, Lyon renewed 15tSp melton to throw out the Taft claim and fn tne contests. for delegateS-at-1arge. Secretary Hayward. when called on. stated that the Taft claimants had | filed their briefs, Friday, June 14. '.I submit then that the state of Texas at large is not in contest" said Lyon. Chairman Rosewater overruled Lyons objection and called the con
 test.
 FIG. Bryan, of Ohio, assistant con- test manager for Taft representing
 the Taft clairpants, said the delay in
 filing the contests was due to the state
 convention which was not held until
 May 28. Bryan said that 130 coun-
 ties in Texas east sz total of only 3,010
 votes two years agb. but that each
 one of them was entitled to one dele
 gate each. in the state convention.
 They controlled that convention and
 made it possible for Lyon to elect
 eight Roosevelt delegates-at-large,
 Bryan said. In 16 other counties
 there were no Republican organiza-
 tions but Lyon voted them in the
 state convention, said Bryan. 'I ask you to go behind this paper
 organization of Lyon's and seat the
 Taft delegates at large who in reality
 and fact represent the real sentiment of the Republicans of Texas" plead ed Bryan.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-06-15

DON'T FAIL TO ATTEND the sec ondN annual Barbecue and Sheep Roast given tomorrow by the Fritz c. Hartmann Association at ColuIn- bia Park, formerly Langenberger's 8 Grove. Take .Brooklawn car. Tick cts $2.00, Including everything. Sheep roast with all the fixings at 3:30 p. m. Fine lunch all the fore noon. including chicken soup, roast stuffed turkey, roast beef, roast veal, corned beef, chicken and
 potato salad, and all the relishes. Come early in the forenoon and spend the day. Plenty for every body. Music by Wheeler & Wilson orchestra. Athletic sports of all kinds. a.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-06-15
ITALIAN OFFICIALS
 TAKE UP CASES OF LAWRENCE STRIKERS

-s s.; I.awrente, Mass.,Jpne. 1s...-The i'm, ~prfsonnent and hofdiHg Iithouf bah of Joseph J. Ettor and Arthur Gio- vanniti, indicted, on charges of access sory to. murder the charge growing out of the Lawrence strike, took on an international aspect, today.
 Lawyers interested in the case, to- day, produced letters from Deputy Cabrini, of Italy, showing that the Italian minister of foreign affairs had been asked to request President Taft and Governor Floss to give them par ticulars through the embassy at Washington.
 Aristides Giovanniti, brother of the prisoner, and a prominent Italian at torney, is expected to come to this country and aid in the defense at the trial of the two men. Deputy Cab- rini. in his letter, says Giovannit is an Italian citizen.