davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29
GENERAL LAND OFFICE RULING
INITIATES AGAINST SETTLERS

White Owl, S. D., Feb. 24.-New reg
u%lations regarding the applications for
sale OF isolated tracts have been is
sued by the general land office, which
prohibits the allowance of an applica-
ton for any isolated tract until all the
adjoining land has been filed upon or
otherwise disposed of for at least two
years. That this is a questionable rul-
ing, goes without saying, as the ma
jority of tracts for which application
is made are either 40 or so acres and
1t is very improbable they will ever
be filed on, for in almost every case
they consist of rough and poor land. It
is supposed that it is the policy of the
government to pass the public domain
into the hands of actual settlers. The
above new rule is a contradiction of
this policy, as it keeps this land out of
the market and untaxable for at least
Two years. However, rulings of the
general land office are supreme and no
matter by whom made, settlers must
bow assent.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29
FARMERS OF SUBMERGED
LAND MAKE A GOOD PROFIT

Miller, S. D., Feb. 24.-At Spring and
Wall Lakes, about 25 miles south Of
here. a number of people are trapping
muskrats and making lots of
by it. The animals are there in such
number as to cause Early
last fall these lakes were alive with
ducks and geese and the local dwellers
made considerable money from the
hunters who came from many miles.
The lakes were once dry and inc iand
belongs to individuals who stake off
their own and no one is allowed to trap
there but the owner. There is oc-
cas1onal trouble mons the trappers
n encroachment is made on anoth-
er's claim. h crops have been nonr
there for the last two seasons and the
somewhat miraculous appearance Of
game ard fur bearing animals over
previous years when crops were fine,
IN that locality. is looked upon by some
OF the residents as a sort OF god
send.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29
WIFE OF CONGRESSMAN
is CALLED BY DEATH

Denver. Colo. Feb. 24.-Mrs. F,o-
renee re Farshe Terry, 81 years old. wife
Terry, of. Little Rock, Ark. is aead
mere. She came here for her health
Mrs. Terry was the stepdaughter of
Col. John M. somerville. of Arkansas.
Tier Iather, Arthur Farshe, was q
louisiana planter prominent in poitt-
lcal affairs In the reconstruction period
OF the south. Mrs. Terry's mother died
two weeks as..
The body OF Mrs. Terry will be sent
to Texarkana, Ark.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29
KAPPA ALPHA THETA
CHARTER pnp

Vermillion. S. D., Feb. 24.-Ths cam
excitement yesterday when the news
came over the wire that Kappa Alpha
Theta, a national sorority of hiqh
standing had after a period of five
years elaboration decided to in
stan a chapter at South Dakota.
known as the D. 3. D., a gronn ~
young women Of the highest standing
IN the university, as Is attested hy
their securing the approval Of a soror,
1ty as exclusive as Kappa Alpha Theta.
which is an organization established in
chapters. Du' 90
i. B.. Q. has been established tx
years. It has 20 active members and
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29
EDUCATIONAL COMMISSION
MEETS AT STATE HOUSE

Des Moines, Ia. Feb. 24.-Ths stare
educational commission met at the
state house today and organized WITH
state superintendent Deyoe as chair
th hah, ana j.. M. Joseph, secretary. All
ca We're present, but Superintendent
Deyoe nnounce he had added the fol-
lowing m Mrs. c. r. Johnaon
sheffield; Mrs. J.. T. Been. Marenen.,
Alice Ollie osceola; Neal KnowIa.'
Aines. n Clara Cowgirl, Red Oak.
r, aenitni.tees We're appointed and plans
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

County State bank at white no r+h
Mimi. was closed yesterday because
according to h state superintendent
Or banks, 1T had violated the law. ana
us president, w. F. Bickel, was ar
rested charged with taking a deposit
OF Si,o2o from an Indian woman and
naaAihg out the deposit slip with him
NoRFoLK-H. Warner. Of Warnerv;,,o
ior % Years a resident of Madison countv
mas fied for the republican nomination far
state representative for this county a.
the April primary. George N. Beels IL
the only other candidate to date Tor tina
nomination. ens
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29
MILWAUKEE, RAILROAD
TO DOUBLE TRACK ITS
ABERDEEN MAIN Line
Plans Paralleling Rails On Line
Between Dakota Town
and Minneapolis.

Aberdeen, S. D., Feb. % 7 Ii Chi
cago, Milwaukee & st. Paul railway
will double track the roadbed between
here and Summit this summer, while
other portions of the line are also to
undergo the same remodeling, with the
ultimate object in view of having q
double track over the entire system be-
tween here and Minneapolis.
Supt. J.. T. Gillick u that
the plans were already under way for
the double tracking between here and
Summit, a distance of about rs miles.
The work will be in charge of Thomas
H. Strate, assistant engineer In the
construction department, who arrived
in this city from Chicago to take
charge Of the work. He will " Of
fees in this city and will be furnished
a sufficient number of men to rush
the work along at the best possible
speed, at the same time assuring a
good solid roadbed.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29
LAD INSTANTLY KILLED
BY A GASOLINE ENGINE

Orange city. H.. Feb. a4.-Peter
Mauw, aged 10 years, was instantly
killed yesterday afternoon on the farm
of his uncle, Feter Mauw. the noted
hog raiser. two miles north cc Orange
City. He was starting a gasoline en-
caught in the betting and he was
dragged to death. saich was iilstanta-
neous.
Young Mauw was a protega Of h.s
uncle, who was training him in the
business Of raising fancy hogs.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

Perhaps the worlds record for long
service Is held by the oupan of n
grave IN h c~hurchyard at Battle. Sus-
sex. This is Isaac Ingall, who died In
l7ss at the age OF 40. For 90 wears
ne vas In the service of the websters.
OF Batte Abbey. Sarah Thompson of
Belfast. served SO years with one fsm-
fly, diving In 1896. oH
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

Observation-Disclosures yesterday
virtually r~epudiated the action of its
minister, General Ospina, by sending
lhrough American Minister Dubois, at
Bogota, a cordial invitation to Secre-
tary OF State nox to visit Colombian
shores On his present trip to the re-
publics on the Caribbean sea. The in
vitation was forwarded promptly to
Secretary Knox, who is aboard the
cruiser Washington on his way south.
With him rests the decision whether
he VIII change his itinerary to in
clude a call at the port of Cartagena.
This, it is said here, he undoubtedly
will do.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

LONDO N-David Lloyd-George
chancellor OF the exchequer, was the
chief speaker at the meeting of nation
al s~uffragettes held last night to urge
support for an amendment to h gov
ernment's reform bill, granting sur
frage to women on the Same line as
is given to men. The government is
divided on the question, Premier AS
quith and several cabinet members he
ing hostile to IT, while Mr.. Lloyd-
George and other members Of the min
istry favor 1t. The hall was packed
with enthusiastic suffragets while on
the platform We're numerous members
OF pariiament representing all par
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

New Zealand's gold mines have
come to be in the cows. and It's ali
because of the milking O.
ing to the scarcity of labor, there wss
nothing in the dairy business for New,
Zealand until the milking machine ar
rived. Now the whole country is he
ing turned into a great dairy farm
1no the cows, next to sheep. are it's
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

Possums are abundant around WATTS
boro. Va, but a man in that n%eighbor-
hood went out hunting the other night.
ana after his dogs got after something
ne cut Gown Two trees and finally ran
own home.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

According to the czarina, Russta's
troubles are due to the education OF
ONE All girls. says she, should be
laugh to sew, to care for their homes
and to become helpful wives and rood
mothers, but they should never be
Taught history. philosophy or science,
uecause these studies. when offered to
women. only result In such terribIa
times as Russia is now passing
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

Through telephone service between
Los Angeles and New York will prob
ABLY be established by the first OF next
November. Tho cost OF the line win
De 100000 and the tolls for each con-
~vsersation will run between S14 and SIS.
a new submarine cable between Eng
LAno ana France has resulted IN the
successful telephone transmission Of
messages between Great Britain and
switzerland. Satisfactory commercial
conversations are now carried on be-
tween England and Geneva.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

In 1880 we exported less than 400, 900
pairs or boots and shoes; in 1890. 600
600 pairs; in 1900, over 5000. 900 nairs.
In 1905 over s Gee, Geo pairs; in 1910.
over 100000 pairs; in 1911. the mum,
Der exceeded 5000, 900 pairs, to saw
nothing of the million pairs going to
Porto Rico and Hawaii
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

A man discharged from the Bexley
rkhou has applied to the guard
fans for IA shilllngs 6 pence as cor-
pensation for damages to a silk hat
which he was wearing when first taken
70 the institution. A firm of carriers
mas already paid him 4 shillings as
compensation for damage In transit to
2 SILK umbrella forwarded to Lewis
nam, the parish to which he belonred
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

AT Hamburg there are two bridges
me masonry of which was threatening
70 rall IN ruins, being traversed by In
Vulnerable cracks of varying size. A
remarkable process has Just been made
use OF to re1uvenate these bridges. A
number of holes were border through
OUT the structure so as to give access
TO the Interior and cement was In
3ected by pumps under pressure. Re-
W bridges are favorable.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

TIL committee on printing discovers
that the paper used In government
work has been SO adulterated that the
durability Of public records is serious-
ly imperiled. The adulteration con-
sists In substituting clay for the more
substantial wood or rag fiber. Hence
the paper Is likely to crumble In less
than a century. Every year the gov
spends for paper 81. 900 900.
The public printer has advertised for
Dds on $4,000 pounds of paper, but tho
use OF clay n mineral filters for the
future VIII be closely watched and re-
stricted.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

The idol shatterers have now assailed
the gulf stream, and say tina the talk
about 1T carrying warm winds to tenn
per the stoild cold of the British islands
is all bosh. In the name of science tbey
say that the stream has no influence
whatever on the climate of Great Brit
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

montreal is to have a costly railway
terminal. A subsidiary lire of the ca
madam Northern has completed plans
for effecting an entrance into the heart
OF the city of Montreal by building q
three-nile tunnel under Mount ROYAL
The total cost of the Tunnel and terlni-
nal together viii be S25. 00O, 900.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

A little boy who lives near a river in
georgia, set a trap for an opossum the
other night In the marsh along tho
shore. He found in the morning that
his trap door was closed and, on OPEN
IN git. saw that he had captured, not
one OF the animals he was seeking hut
o -four pound catfish,
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

President Lowell's new $4,000 house.
which is going UP in the Harvard yard,
next to h philosophy building Is
his own home and built with his own
money. 1t is on land owned by the col
& however, and an interesting
agreement is being drawn by which II
becomes. at his death, the property
of the university.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

On the analogy of the houseboat. n
Manchester inventor has devised a fv-
Ing machine hat can be converted into
g tWo-story cottage and made to serve
the uses OF a home for the aviator.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

a suit growing out of a fire set in a
patch of heather, and involving dam
ages fixed by n Judge at 5 shillinps
has been fought through six courts in
England. finally reaching the court of
appeal.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

Roughened plates. which may be at
tached to a shoe, have been invented
to keep a mans foot from slipping as
he climbs a ladder.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

Six trains containing 1000 passen-
Kers for the continent left one London
station in g single day just before the
ays
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

Owing to labor disputes In the
United Kingdom during the last wear
workmen lost time amounting in ali to
D,722,8 500 days.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

At any rate the foo is never as
stingy with his folly as the wise man
81 with his wisdom.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

How stamp collecting has become
specialized Is instanced by the sale in
Paris some time ago OF a collection Of
Swiss stamps for about $4,000.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

I the course Of ayear it is said thar
u printing and $4,000 on adyertisinm
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

The trouble about becoming famous
over night is that there's Tomorrow
coming.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

Many a fellow proposes on his knees
10 an lleiress In the hope that she win
pUtsfiEsson his feet.3q
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29
EDUCATIONAL FLYING SQUADS
GOOD WORK AMONG FARMERS

Aberdeen, S. D., Feb. 23.-Farmers'
institute corps No. 2 has just concluded
two days meetings at Milbank, Sisse-
ton, Wilmot and Big Stone, which We're
we'll attended by and citizens
ana great interest was manifested in
the meetings. At Wilmot and Sisseton
business men had taken charge of the
arrangements, and had offered sub
stantial prizes for grain seed, vege-
tables, butter, home baking, etc. The
halls at both towns were tightly packed
and at Sisseton an additional evening
meeting, over those on the schedule,
was held. AT Sisseton a corn school
| was held for the benefit of the boys.
In each town women's auxll1aries were
organized for the purpose of assisting
in making the armers institutes at
tractiye, the officers of the auxiliar-
les in the different towns being:
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS., Mrs. a. w.
Glenn; vice president, Mrs. L. M. Kar-
cher; secretary, Mrs. Henry Wander
WORT; treasurer, Mrs. William Acker-
man; press correspondent, Mrs. ". W.
Downie. Wilmot-President, Mrs. w. +.
Jones'; vice president. Mrs. George
Ironside; secretary, Mrs. A. Minder;
treasurer, Mrs. j. B. Lent. Sisseton-
President, Mrs. A. P. Houde; vice pres
ident, Mrs. Andrew Warwick; secretary.
Mrs. Halver DIN; treasurer, Mrs. Rob-
ertson. Big Stone-President, Mrs. I.
D. Aldrich; vice president, Mrs. Rich
ards; secretary, Mrs. James Black
Verdon-President, Mrs. Morrill,; vice
president, Mrs. Bud Smith; secretary,
Mrs. May Bucklin; treasurer. Miss
Lula Church.
During the present week institutes
are being held at Doland, Turton.
Raymond, Clark, Elrod and Henry,
under the management of DIR. H. H.
Stoner, state superintendent, assisted
by the following corps of assistants:
Prof. H. j. Skinner, Mrs. Charles B.
Mccoy. Prof. J. d. Towarx and Frank
Gardner
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29
wtrHRow WILL TRy mAru,s

tice MacLean today designated Judge
Withrow, Of Mount Pleasant, to sit In
court here and hear tho case for the
custer of County Supervisor Mathis.
which is to begin soon.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29
GUSHING OF sQUATTERs
GIVES RISE TO RrIMnpc

Rapid City, S. D., Feb. 23.-Notice
to squatters along the right OF way
of the Chicago & Northwestern rail-
o north of here on Rapid Creek. to
vacate at once, has led to rumors that
h road contemplates making Rapid
City q division point and erecting re-
pair shops here. General Manager
Walter was here last fall and had the
and surveyed, squatters then being in
formed that they would be permitted
to remain during the winter as it was
expected to be severe. They have not
been notified to get off forthwith.
Speculation is rife about railroad CIR
c!es as to whether the Northwestern
plans on removing its present division
point from Pierre to Rapid City. And
should this be the case, it would mean
an increased payroll here of about 500
per month and the addition of some
thing like 100 new residents through
PETITION FOR ELECTION TO
INSTITUTE NEW COURT
Sioux Falls. s. D., Feb. 23.-Askine
the city commission to call a special
election. as provided by law, for the
purpose of voting on the matter of es-
tablishing a municipal court in this
city, IL petitions were filed with the
city auditor late yesterday. The petit
tons contain a total of $50 signatures,
which is far IN excess of the number
needed. as the petitions required but
~ per cent of the number of votes cast
for mayor at the last election.
There We're 2,771 votes EAST for that
office and therefore 27S signatures
would have been sufficient.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

It's a pretty safe bet that a mar has
fuat us many friends as ne deserves.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29
$1,000 REWARD OFFERED FOR
MAN WHO KILLED EDWARDS

Kansas City, Mo-, Feb. 23.-For the
murderer Of Thomas Edwards, Of
Yankton, S.. D., whose body was found
o. the Kersey Coates drive February
1, Mrs. Emma e. Edwards, his widow
will pay $1,000. The money will be paid
on the conviction of the assassin, &C
cording to information furnished by
Mrs. Edwards from her HON at Yank-
ton, S. D.
Edwards was found with a bullet
hole behind the right ear and a re-
volver lying near him. From papers in
his pocket his name was ascertained,
but there were no ~valuables of any kind
in his effects. 1t was at first thought
he had committed suicide, but investi-
cations conducted by police and de-
t~ectives at the Instance of four frater-
nal orders Of which he was a member
tended to confirm the theory that he
had been murdered and robbed.
A few days previous to the discovery
Of his body, Edwards had returned,
after an absence of several weeks, to
his home at Yankton, but remained
there only a short time. His a
for coming to Kansas City was not
known here. He was registered at the
Coates house, but did not occupy the
room on the day previous to that on
which he is supposed to have been
murdered.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29
MILWAUKEE Will HAUL
BRAIN FREE OF

Pierre, S. D., Feb. 23.-There seems
to have been no definite information
on whether or not the Milwaukee COM
pany would join with the other rail-
way systems in hauling free seed grain
for the different counties. In a reply
to a wire from the immigration depart
ment, H. f. Hunter, general agent for
the company. says on this proposition:
This company has arranged to trans
port free seed grain to such counties
west OF Aberdeen on our line as buy
and furnish the same to the needy
settlers under chapter 225 of the laws
Of 1911. The seed grain will be
billed at full tariff charges and when
the commissioners furnish evidence
hat they have distributed the same to
the settlers under that law we will
then release the charges. We have
also arranged to allow the carload
rate to apply to shipments in less than
carload lots from Minneapolis west to
points on our line in South Dakota"
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29
VISITORS WILL BE SHOWN
OVER ~ Ax,-

BeIIe Fourche, S. D., Feb. 26.-Three
statewide meetings will be held here
this summer In one Iaontfi, as follows.
Congregational state conference. MAY
2l-23; knights of Pythias grand lodge.
June 1920, and the South Dakota
hankers association, June 26-2f. In
club has announced that ID viii hold
Its second annual meet oh July & /
and 8. II is the intention of this civ
and the Commercial club. which il
making the arrangements Tor fbese
events to make each OF these meetings
the best eyer held.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1912-02-29

Eynrythine some a who waits.
exsspt tasgaa2ns1 bis friends.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1912-06-29
TOTAL VOTE OF CASS
COUNTY AT PRIMARY
Continued From Page one.

Continued From Page One.
ma5orities are here given. Mr.. HAIRS
majority over Mr.. Henry is $50, Mr..
Ross majority over Mr.. Plath for
sheriff is 734, Mr.. Gilbreath's majori-
ty yer Mr.. Hutchinson is 500, Mr..
Mitcheli's majority over Mr.. Wasem
is 131 and Mr.. Fowler's majority over
Judge Barnett is 745.
Mr.. Robinson's majority in the
county over Justice Bruce for asso-
ciate justice Of the supreme court Is
10 votes. Following are the exact
figures of the total number of votes
received by each candidate:
Vote in the County.
Congress-HeIgesen 1924, 81.
Governor Buchanan, 1879, 1888;
Hanna, 1,549, 121; Johnson, lis, 16l;
Midtbo, 43, 121.
Lieutenant Governor-KraabeL 1900,
124; F1ados. GOT, 1876.
Secretary of State-Hall, 1853, 140;
Henry, 1895. 1853.
state Acknowledgement, 2,5ss.
State Treasurer-O1son, 2,57S.
Attorney General - Spencer, 30s:
Bessie, 30S; Shaw, 572; Miller, 1,41s.
Insurance Commissioner - Taylor,
Commissioners of Agriculture -
Hutchinson, 1863: Gilbreath, 1871.
Railroad Commissioners - Purcell,
1,051; Brown 1,023; Stutsman, sos;
Mann, 1872; Anderson, GIT; Clenden-
ming, 526; Nelson, 500; Olson, 236;
Charmley, 152.
County Auditor-Leech, 2,61s.
County Observation-Disclosures; 1851.
Sheriff-Ross, 1885; Plath, 1851.
Clerk of Court-Gearey, 1851.
Coroner Wasem. 1914; Mitchell,
1,455.
States Attorney Fowler, 1929;
Barnett, 1884.
Register of Deeds-Fraser, 1888.
Surveyor-Crabbe, 2,441.
Public observation-disclosures, $500.
superintendent of Schools-Riley,
2,64s.
County Judge-Hanson, 1851.
Justices of Peace-Walker, 1,767:
Miller, 2,12S.
constables-Bingham, 2,o41; Bowers,
1881.
County Commissioners-Third dis
trict, Heath, 236; Fifth district, Kelly
1876; Lakey 227.
Senator, Ninth District-Pollock, $50.
Senator, Eleventh District-Talcott.
77s.
Representatives, Ninth District
TwichelI, TIT; Lewis, $50; Mcdonald,
CIT; Cole. $40.
Representatives, Eleventh District
Wadeson. 479; Hill, $40; Walt. 534.
Representatives, Tenth District
Sandheck, 653; Dynes, 622.
Judge Supreme Court-Bruce, 1,492;
Robinson, 1881.
Judge. Third District-Pollock, 1854.