davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1912-09-29

activity. One of their experiments. which
demonstrates this very nicely, is as fol-
lows: Into a group of guinea pigs they
inserted Il given amount say one cubic
centimeter. of the culture of certain
germ known as joint bacillus. This had
no effect whatever on the guinea pigs
They remained perfectly normal. \ see
ond group of guinea pigs was inoculated
with one cubic ceniimeter of 'ReX.
Only the natural results from tins germ
were found; there were no swollen joints.
The third group of guinea PIGS We're
inoculated with Il combination of the
joint bacillus and Rex one-half of one
cubic centimeter of each being admins.
the pigs became enormously enlarged and
evidently very painful.
The evident conclusion was that the
new germ, Rex had in some way sue
ceeded in awakening the Joint bacillus
To greater strength and virulence.
That is, this rev germ Rex, besides
the ruin it brings OF itself. has the power
To awaken germs that are latent In the
system. No other explanation such as
increased dose was possible, as only Il
half dose of each was administered TO
the pigs that received the two germs.
They found that cattle, horses, dogs
cats, guinea pigs and rabbits We sub
ject to the disease brought on by ReX.
When DIR. Schroeder was asked concerning
the probable immunity of the human race
to its attacks. he said
Human life is too sacred to expert
man with this bacillus. But, to say the
least with any germ that has such a
wide range of pathogenisity Chat is. can
attack such widely different species), 1t
Evening star., 1912-09-29
High Flying.

ICLES VEDRINES. aviator. complained
J in Chicago of America Indifference
to aviation.
THE expense. perhaps. has something
to do with it," he said. Flying in Amer
lea does. indeed. come high.
II know young P.lladelphian who re-
Gently mastered the monoplane. With his
mechanician he was flying to Atlantic
City when something went wrong near
Tuckahoe. and they came down in a mos
quito-infected field.
The mechanieian went to hardware
store to buy bolt.
"A bolt like that said the hardware
man, examining the mechanician's broken
sample. Well. / guess | can give you
q bolt like that for a quarter Then,
suddenly, he frowned. Hold on. though
You're an automobiist. amt you? In
that case it'll cost you three dollars and
a half
But raw-boned lad loafing in the
shop gave a loud laugh and said:
He amt no automobilist. He's a
flying machine man..
In that case, stranger. said the deaf
er quickly, the bolt will cost you eight
dollars, nett and nett.
Evening star., 1912-09-29

to be of the compressible folding vari-
ETY., like those clever American trunks.
all of it baggage-SmasheH proof too.
1t has been in and out of pushcarts
dozens of times. On one occasion, how
ever, Cochon varied his usual practice
of instantaneous descent and flight by
pushcart. He was ordered out, actually
ordered to move. So much did he re-
sent this stupidity Of ordering him,
Cochon, the greatest mover in Christen
dom, to move that he barricaded his
door and kept out the landlord and the
police for three days and three nigh s.
Food was hoisted up in baske at
tached to ropes let out of windows
looking out on the street four or five
stories below The faithful Tenants
Union thronged the street, and the po
lice could not interfere with the tying
of ropes to baskets, since it isn't against
the law to pass food to a man who
chooses to remain a prisoner in a fiat
out of which the landlord is trying to
oust him.
That particular Cochonian incident
partially earned it's place by virtue of
the landlord s. name. M. Vautour, which
is French for buZzard Cochon had for
Evening star., 1912-09-29
+ BETHESDA ND

of pathogenisty, and, Furthermore, If it
has the power of arousing latent germs
in the lower animals. may it not have
similar action on mankind?
The action of Rex" is very pronounced
on the lower animals. If an animal is
inoculated with it it's young will be born
before maturity and are usually born
dead. IT, however, the female is attacked
by the germ when the time approaches
for maternity, then a healthy progeny
will be born. A very peculiar condition
has been noted. Under these conditions
it is the next calf that is affected by the
bacilli and it will be born dead at time
corresponding to that at which the moth
er was inoculated on the previous occa-
sion Furthermore. it has been noted that
afterward the animal is less productive.
Experiment has shown that if a male
guinea pig is inoculated with the germ
he usually becomes sterile. Its action
upon the guinea pig has been very closely
studied and many remarkable things dis
covered 1t attacks the lung. liver. spleen
and kidneys of the pig The lung be-
comes diseased and to the eye has the
appearance of tuberculosis Its spleen
becomes enlarged to at least ten times
it's normal size. Its kidneys have serious
LESSONS in them and great white spots
appear. Yet the disease is so slow III
development that nature seems to ac-
commodate herself to the changed condi-
tion and the pig lives on.
He, however. becomes lazy, afflicted
with inertia, and if he could talk he would
probably complain of not feeling We'll.
His vitality is lowered and, We're he
working animal, his usefulness would be
seriously impaired or entirely gone May
not this germ, then, divide the honor, or
dishonor, with the hookworm of produc-
ing the laziness and shiftlessness of
large number of the people. provided. OF
course that it is demonstrated later that
it attacks mankind?
Drs Schroeder and Cotton, working
in collaboration discovered that animals
become infected by drinking the milk OF
an infected animal as readily as by in
oculation. For instance, guinea pig
might be infected with this disease either
by inoculation with a culture. or by in-
oculation with milk from an infected COW,
or by drinking the milk. They also found
out that if milk is pasteurized. that is.
twenty minutes Rex" is killed.
In order to demonstrate the fact that
Rex appeared in the milk. cow that
was known to be infected was taken and
thoroughly washed Antiseptics and ds-
infectants were used profusively. Then
her teats were very tightly bound with
tape SO that no possible outside contami-
nation could result. The cow was then
killed The entire surface of her udder
was burned in order to destroy any germs.
The udder was then skinned and the
burning process again. gone through with
so as to make assurance doubly sure that
no hidden germ was lurking around 10
contaminate the milk.
Then ncisions into each teat We're made
Evening star., 1912-09-29

this is but one more reason why milk
should be pasteurized. But pasteuriza-
tion should not be commercial, it should
be scientifically done.
AS to the probability Of the human
race being infected by the bacilli L can
give no opinion further than to say that
the subject is worthy of invest cation.
and that / shall follow the future work
along this line. with great interest IL il
has been demonstrated that this germ Is
found In milk and that animals may he
come infected by the drinking of this
milk. then If mankind Is susceptible to
the disease it will be highly probable
that. he would become infected in the
Il have not followed the subject suf-
ficiently.' said DR.. Jacques Loeb. II
will say. however. that as the bacillus is
present in milk it but adds one more rea-
son why milk should be pasteurized A
great work has been done on this i'm
pOrtant subject largely through the in
strumentality of DR.. Emile Berliner and
it will be of vast interest to humanity
Too much stress cannot be laid upon it.
The newspapers are the means of spread
ing the news to the public. Articles that
call attention to the necessity of having
pure milk are of utmost importance. ard
You are doing a great work il you call
inculcate into the minds of the people
the Necessity of care"
Said Dr. S. A. Knoff. a scientist of in
ternational fame. attending the hygienic
congress, when questioned on the sub
ject: 1T is something entirely new to
me, and it would be unscientific for me To
express an opinion on the subject until
I have investigated it thoroughly. How
ever I am greatly interested and VIII
watch the development very closely
Evening star., 1912-09-29

could put up, while to hear him talk con-
vinces one Of his power as stump speak
er. He looks "a little like images of the
great Danton of the French revolution.
or like Senator La Toilette when he gets
excited in his talks His energy is enor-
nous and his ingenuity unbelievable:
Cochon is pure revolutionary. He
isn't q socialist, he says. or anything
at all particularly. He has no political
opinions. he AYERS. except that socialism
isn't practicable" Nor is he any sort
of anarchist. He is specialist on
the housing-and movino-problem. and
nothing else He is certainly one of the
most popular men with the poor in all
Paris.
Cochon is anxious to spread his ideas
about how to get decent housing for
the poor abroad. particularly in America.
He is also hoping that Americans OF chari-
table or philanthropic bent will not only
do everything in their power tQ improve
housing conditions for the poor of their
country. but that they will spare what
resources they have left to encourage and
help his Tenants Union to improve con-
ditions in France. He ended his inter
view by saying Very seriously:
''It is very hard to carry on large
fight like this without a cent of money.
So far Cochon had not had a penny of
backing from anybody.
Evening star., 1912-09-29

of DR.. r. C. Schroeder. assisted by Of
r. l.. Cotton. a series of amazing expert
ments has been been conducted Tor many
months Even yet the results obtained
are definite only as applied to animals
The two scientists hesitate-indeed, hatlE
decline-to consider the new theory
proved as TO human beings. They hope To
eventually. but the man of science never
confuses a hope with an established fact.
Wherefore, they simply admit the pos
sibility of the human application of this
new and wonderful germ-and hope to
demonstrate it with further study.
So new so recent has been the dis
covery of the germ in question that so
far ii has not even been given name.
For convenience. even though it be un-
scientific let it be designated as Rex.
If eventually it can be found in the hu-
man system, it may be all that the name
implies. If not. the value of the dis
covery to animal breeders is still un-
impaired. from the present point of view
Of those at work upon it.
In brief. Rex" Is germ that may
prove itself the incentor of the many
other germs to be found latent in the
human system. In many throats, for
example. the bacillus Of diphtheria lies
dormant for months and months at
time. All of sudden this bacillus
comes to life'' and the disease sets in.
Obviously something has reused it into
action. What is that something? Dr.
Schroeder does not say so, nor does he
even imply it. but he hopes to be able to
prove that it is this new Rex that does
it.
Rex" has done SO with cows. horses.
pigs. cats, dogs, rabbits and guinea pigs.
but of course, has not been tried upon
a human being. Nor will it be tried de-
iberately. But, since Rex has been
found In cows milk at the experiment
station, the theory 1: that right now it
is being conveyed to the human system
in that way. II SO. does it act upon milk
drinkers as 1t has upon the animals in
teeted with it? What is the antitoxin?
PaSteurization Of milk is a sure preven-
tive-but what is the antitoxin? Prob
lens Of this sort remain to be solved: al
ready so much has been accomplished
that, in the popular idiom these scientists
are hot on the TRAIL
Drs. Schroeder and Cotton have demon
strated the power of this newly discover
ID serm to stimulate latent germs into
Evening star., 1912-09-29

rents for inferior family lodgings in
Paris. He was then working at his trade
of upholsterer, carpet filter and artisan
of general interior decorations. He had
then. as now. a wife and three small chill
dren. and he liked to live in Il fashion
which taxed his earning powers to sup
port. Rent was his hardest problem, as
WAS il for other work.nSmen with as
large or larger families. Salaries and
wages had not been increasing i'll pro-
portion to living expenses.
In the course of walking over the
whole of Paris in search of cheap lodg-
ings for himself and his friends Cochon
ruminated on the reason for the absence
of decent, cheap places such as could be
easily got only few years ago. Finally
he discovered the reason. 1t was that
while mahy of the old buildings which
contained cheap rooms We're being torn
down. no similar buildings were being
put UP. The modern apartment houses
which had been replacing ancient rock
cries all over Paris were all far too
Evening star., 1912-09-29

of the French White House with a half
dozen pushcarts laden with furniture
and his crowd of raiders and depend
ents. He himself and one lieutenant
actually penetrated into the palace it
self SO far as NJ. Falleres' waiting
rooms, where they mingled with the
diplomats and great persons while the
card of the Tenants Union was car
ried in to the president of the repub-
lie.
Cochon told the under secretary,
who was assigned to look after the
rumpus. that he had thirty people and
beds, baggage, out in the court, who
had no place to sleep or eat in. He
demanded in short. that they be put
in the palace along with the Fallieres
family, since SO large building wasn't
necessary for SO small a number of in
mates. The secretary was puzzled to
know what to do, and scared because
reporters and photographers from the
towns hundred-odd newspapers were
out there in the court interviewing the
homeless. swapping the pushcarts and
"ragging" the official guards of the
executive mansion.
The upshot of that episode was that
some official in the household scurried
Evening star., 1912-09-29

partment and the pest of the lower courts.
HIS movements are followed very CLOSELY.
In fact, raids by Cochon's men had be-
come such municipal spectacles that
printed invitations are issued for them as
for some duels in the Bois de Boulogne.
A Well known cafe singer who had it in
for his landlord recently sent out this
summons. prettily lettered in purple inks
and fancy cards. to all of his friends:
lie Chansonnier NJ. So-and-So of the
So-and-So Cafe invites you to assist at
the surreptitious moving out (demenage-
ment 10 cloche de bois) from his studio.
Rue So-and-So. a ceremony which will
take place under the personal direction
of NJ. Georges Cochon, with the assist
ance of artists, emancipated bourgeois,
men of the world and the fanfare of the
Tenants Union. Saturday, July 13, 1912.
at $3.50. Everybody will assemble before
10 Rue So-and-So exactly half an hour be-
fore the time set for the beginning Of the
operations.
Cochon's own name is doubtless re-
Evening star., 1912-09-29
Knotty Schedule K.
| WOOL expert of Boston smiled at |,

A WOOL expert of Boston smiled at an
\ argument over Schedule X"
'The trouble is,'' he said that these
disputants don't understand the American
sheep industry. They remind me OF Smith
sons.
Smithson s-that isn't their right name
-are a Boston bank, and last year they
financed a sheep ranch in the west
The manager of the ranch was COM
PEELED to wire Smithsons in the spring:
'Lambing begins next month. IL
drought continues will result . in total
loss.
''Sanithson wired back to the man.
ager:
Postpone lambing till further Or
ders.'"
Evening star., 1912-09-29

was the caueS of cow frequently
losing her calf. The published descrip-
ton was SO vague that it was hard to
identify it. One day DR.. Schroeder was
talking with DIR. Mohler. the chief
pathologits of the bureau of animal in
dustry. when it was suggested that prob
ably the two germs were Identical. They
exchanged cultures and Independently
DR.. Mohler, in the pathological labratory
and DR.. Schroeder in collaboration with
DR.. Cotton at the experimental station,
demonstrated the identity of the bacilli.
Then they began series of eXperi-
ments. They experimental on animals of
widely different species and found them
susceptible to the disease. Aside from
its universal effect on the generative
organs they found that it affected differ
ent animals secondarily in widely differ
ent ways. With regard to COWS they dis
covered that the bacillus existed in the
milk of otherwise apparently healthy
cows. Their experiments included autop-
sizes. y scientific autopsy is very diff
ferent from an ordinary autopsy. Not
the least portion of the body but is eX-
amined with the minutest care and the
most exacting detail in order to avoid
u possible mistake. Autopsies failed to
the disease save for the presence of the
bacilli.
This greatly adds to the danger of this
disease, for cows showing no outward
symptoms of it may be and are spread
erS of this menace to the cattle-raising
industry. Did they show concrete symp-
toms. the disease would be much easier
to eradicate. Only the careful eXamina-
ton of the milk by experts will demon
strate it's presence. Attempts to infect
the cow with Rex" in connection with
oth6 baclli have not been undertaken
yet.
Its effect upon the guinea pigs, as has
before been stated, is very marked. 1t
affects practically all the internal organs
of the pig. as we'll as developing other
serious complications in connection with
other bacilli. Its action on other animals
has not been sufficiently studied yet
ther than their susceptibility to its at
tacks
When asked as to the probable i'm
depending on the size. strength and viril-
ity of an animal. DR.. Schroeder said:
THE size, strength and virility, in the
sense you use it, has nothing whatever
to do with immunity from any germ A
disease may be highly fatal to one ami
NAL, yet another of equal size and viril-
ity may not be affected at ALL"
The discovery of Rex and the fu-
ture working out of it's antitoXin will
mean "a great deal to the breeders of va
rious domestic animals. great source
of loss to these breeders, and one which
Evening star., 1912-09-29

ally put all homeless poor families, in the
flesh, straight up to the government.
French public sympathy. being of an in
fiammable character, no governmental de-
partment would dare to let women and
children sleep in the streets for want Of
a little bestirring of official machinery in
search of proper lodgings. The half
dozen burdened fathers swore to follow
Cochon, and on March 20. 1911, the first
public demonstration Of the little band
was made. to the utter astonishment of
all Paris and the ecstatic delight of all
the newspapers.
Cochon's style of moving has genius in
it. No lesser word describes 1t. A poor
man with a large family complains that
his landlord has raised the rent because
he wants to put a tax on the nuisance of
harboring so many noisy and irresponsible
tenants, typical attitude among all
Paris landlords. The rent Is already, say
a month, overdue. Cochon cOunsels that
the man stick 1t out as long as he can by
constantly reassuring the landlord that
all will be paid next month" Then
Evening star., 1912-09-29


Cochon took in the situation, it would
only be a matter of time before all the
poor would be in the street. not because
they hadn't money enough to pay the
usual rent eXacted of them, but because
no houses existed in which the old scale
Of rents prevailed.
Whereupon Cochon got his half dozen
fathers of large families together and
outlined before them demand which
may be called startling, even in France.
1t was useless. he said, for feeble work
insmen to attempt to influence the capl-
talists who erect apartment houses to do
something directly contrary to their imam
cial interests, namely, to deliberately
work down the scale of rents. The only
practicable way 10 proceed was to try TO
influence the government to build and
operate modern apartment houses for the
poor, since private philanthropists had
shown no signs of devotinG their charity
funds to such work
And the single efficient way of stirring
the government into action was to actu-
Evening star., 1912-09-29

and milk taken from each one. Guinea
pigs We're inoculated with each of the
samples, and other pigs from the flesh
of each teat. The pigs inoculated from
two of the teats We're infected and the
ones inoculated with the milk from those
two teats We're also infected. The two
pigs that had been inOculated with the
flesh from the other two teatS We're not
affected: neither were those that were
inOculated with the milk that come from
these two teats. This demonstrated, to
their satisfaction. that the source of in
fection lay within the udder and no
amount; of sanitary care would render
the milk wholesome. The only way to
render the milk wholesome is to heat it
to 40 degrees and keep it at this tem-
perature for twenty minutes. The pos
sibility of mans infection from this germ
is an additional reason why it is highly
necessary that all milk should be pasteur-
lied before using.
The work of investigation of this germ
began in peculiar way. Several years
ago cases were found "a the experimental
station that resembled tuberculosis.
Microscopically they resembled that dread
disease, yet the results We're not the same.
Evening star., 1912-09-29

rouNd, secured excellent quarters for
the thirty homeless at the governments
expense and packed the whole tribe off
in the best of humor The newspapers
"kidded" the government about it for
days, Of course. and CochOn's fame
waxed. So far as is known the man
has never failed in any of his spectac-
ular undertakings. His exploits are
legion A few of the more celebrated
ones will show. however, the sort of
sensation he stirs up and the sort of
catastrophe he precipitates with his
question:: Here are my
large families! Where are you going
to house them? 1 ask you where?"
Cochon himself, his wife and their
three children are always moving. No
landlord who knows them will have
them for an instant, and where in
Paris is there a landlord who doesn't
know Cochon! Their. furniture is said
Evening star., 1912-09-29

costly for the poor people who had lived
in the rookeries. Hence, the poor had
no place to live in. No cheap buildings
were being built, none whatever.
AS a consequence. the poor were either
going without food and clothes to pay
rent. Or packing themselves into such
small quarters that health and decency
suffered. The standard of living was
pushed down by the absence of buildings
built to suit the income of the working
classes.
The proprietors' reason for demolishins
old bad houses TO get foundations for new
ones was, of course, that a sufficient de-
mand for moderate priced apartments
had sprung up from the fairly well-to-do
people of the city to make it no longer
profitable to waste valuable land on old
buildings whose income was based on
such low wages as mere working people
get And no landlord saw any profit in
building houses for the poor at time
when the number of cheap houses was
steadily and rapidly decreasing. AS
Evening star., 1912-09-29

merly made a speech in which he had
said that all landlords were 'vau-
tours" or buzzards, because they were
so greedy, they would eat dead things
hence IN. Vautour" has come to stand
for any landlord whose name isn't
known, or for the whole species.
Cochon has been arrested so many times
that he says he has lost the count. A
few months ago he served fifteen days in
Jail for resisting the police and inciting a
crowd to disorder. usual technical
charge to discipline people. That term
and one or two days for, similar offense
are all he has served SO far. Early in Oc-
tober he will be tried on another charge
Of the same character. He says he ex-
poets to serve three days in jail then. At
present he is the worry Of the police de-