davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-04-04
HOLM nv. LANCASTER.


W. LANCASTER. who died on the
24th of February. at his home. near
Oakland. Va, was the son of John
and Catherine Lancaster and was
horn In Orange county on October Z,
1888. In April, 1875. he married Mary
Elizabeth Parrott. VINO survives him.
This union proved most suitable
and happy one. Mr.. Lancaster ipont
the greater part Of his life IN the
mercantile business In Orange ard
Louisa counties. In which he greatly
prospered. He was a practical busi-
ness man OF sterling qualities. full
of push and energy. and made his
influence felt wherever he lived He
was for many years n member OF the
Methodist Church and lived consis-
tently up to his duties as he under
stood them. He was an upright ran
kind friend, u good neIghbor and
a faithful, loving husband. His death
brings sorrow to many who knew
him, and especially to the wife. upon
whom lifo's greatest shadow has fall
len. Il.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-04-04
Mrs. menrIcttn Cnmmcr.

Mrs. Henrietta Cammer. widow OF
David Cammcr OF Frederick county,
aged siSty-six years. died on the forty
nth anniversary of her wedding She
leaves one daughter. Mrs. Carrie r.
Lcgg.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-04-04
IN MEM0RIAM

loving remembrance of
my dear father, BERNARD BGCH-
Err, who entered into rest eternal
six years ago yesterday.
Gone but not forgotten"
BY HIS DAUGHTER.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-04-04
Opposes Cnyuiry Reduction.

The secretary saw serious harm in
the reduction, by hvc, in the number
OF troops of cavalry, and he complains
ed that the advice OF the War Dc.
parcment on such reduction had
never been asked; iii fact, he said, i'll
had never even been suggested to the
department before ii was put into the
p!II on the noor OF the House.
The abolition OF many small army
posts and forts. as proposed in the
House bill. was also pronounced i'm
practicable by the secretary. lie did
say that consolidation III larger posts
wac "a desirable policy, put pointed out
that the consolidation cculd not be
! complishcd by one sweep or by a stroke
/ Of the pen.
The Senate committee had stricken
out the provisions for the abandon
nent OF the posts and forts and mus
obviated Il light that was sure to be
made on the noor of tho Senate in
behalf OF most of them had the pro-
vision remained in the bill.
Besides striking out practically all
lot the proposed new legislation look
ing 10 army reorganization in the hill
the Senate committee added ma terially
ITO the total carried III tao bill. AS it
passed the House the bill carried
Ssi,1T.261. and the Senate committees
amendments Increased The total ID
s9a%ii.7ii. which is about $4,000, 900
greater than tho appropriations for
the current fiscal year.
The chief increases are: nay OF Off
GERS OF the line, sSoG.592; additional
for Length o: service. s2i3,20O: pay of
enlisted mon OF the line. si00.95l: ad :
ditional for length of service. 800, 900;
foreign service pay for officers, s266,.
900; same for enlisted men. $3.50 600;
L NJ arti
organized militia, sS33.954 Transport
tation of army and supplies. s526,a72:
clothing and camp and garrison equip
age, $6l8.+2s; ordinance stores, arnrpu.
milton. 100000; small arms target
practice. sls5.ooo manufacture OF
arms, 100000 automatic machine
rifles. 100000; field artillery for or.
sanized militia, s4so,oO0; ammunition
70. hald artillery organized militia,
sSoo,0Go.
The only reduction inado 10 $4,000
for the signal cerviee,
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-04-04
MANS ADVANTAGE
IN FLOOD BATTLE
Continued From E1rs, PagcJ

cral days. South OF Memphis the
lcvecs are reported strong.
Dispatches from along streams trib-
utary 10 tie Mississippi report rivers
and creeks the highest in history and
the lowiands vast stretches OF water.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-04-04
william Z. Diu,nond.

William =. Diamond.
Especial to The Times Dispatch.l
Spotsylvan!a, Va. April 3-William
-. Diamond. citizen OF this county.
died at his home on Monday OF angina
pectoris Mr. Diamond was n new
resident OF the county. He was thir-
'y-six yearn old ana unmarried
w. W. DniIey.
Especial to The Times Dispatch.1
Charlottesville. Va. April Nv W
BAILEY died yesterday at his home on
Tenth Street. after an illness OF four
months. He Is survived by his wlia
and three children
Patterson BURGESS.
Especial 10 The Tlmcs-Dispatch.l
Hurrisonburg. Va, April 3-Pattor-
son Burgess. eighty yenrs old. dt.d
suddenly last night al Pleasant VAL
ley. He leaves I've sons aud two
daughters. including Mrs. Showaii r.
at CroZct, Automatic county
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1912-02-01

The Bicycle Toboggan" is the
latest thing in winter sporting ap-
paratus. This new coaster, re-
Gently invented by Swiss peas
and of the rindewald, is merely
bicycle frame with runners in
stead of wheels.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1912-02-01

1t has seat and handle bars,
just as has a bicycle. The foot
serves for a brake. The bicycle
toboggan is the swiftest of all
coasting devices,
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1912-02-01
Oh, Gracious!

How is it you came home from
your party SO early last night,
Susan? Didn't you enjoy your
self"
Eyes, ma'am, but the young
man as took me into supper in
suited me-"
"InSulted you, Susan! Why,
what did he say?"
"He asked me if my program
was full, and I'm sure never had
nothing but a sandwich and a
glass of lemonade; so i came
home again. "-Tit-Bits.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1912-02-01
And didn't you notice that Hearst strong for the
automatic in editorial in yesterdays American?

These things illustrate why the newspapers will pay peopl
ubscbewhy they will give premiums in order induce
take their paper regularly.
For when they hooked enough of the people, they
advertisers and say Here Mister Advertiser I've got
subscribers will much line to reach subscriber
through my newspaper Come across" ~.
In other words when the advertising newspaper has bribe
you subscribe has something sell the advertisers Tha
something is YOU.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1912-02-01

One more ducal visit and half
of New York's 400 wont know
how the other half lives, which
will be mighty tough on the d.
vorce lawyers.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1912-02-01

the of GrapeNuts Post ne pays newspapers to
carry his bilious attacks unions home
what he thinks
Dewey County advocate. [volume] (Timber Lake, S.D.) 1910-1913, 1912-09-27

involved In that single establishment.
Many factories in the fatherland had
joined In this international effort to
find an artificial process by which
rubber could be built up syntheti-
cally from raw materials readily
available. but to the Elberfelder Far
henfabriken belongs the distinction Of
priority in the solution of the problem.
DR.. Fritz Hoffman, director in charge
at Elberfeld, gives his own story OF
the pursuit of the elusive key.
by mere chance my attention was
called to this question of synthetic
rubber through lecture delivered in
London about six years ago by Prof
Dunstan. AS a pharmaceutic chemist
in a dye factory my work did not take
me in the direction OF rubber, but the
problem fascinated me.
Il found on reading up the subject
that caoutchouc was based on iso-
prene, and tried to prove 1t. To do
that had to have isoprene, and, what
was more. l had to have synthetic iso-
prene and not the kind obtained by a
dry distillation of rubber such as had
hitherto generally been used. had
task before me.
To the organic chemist coal is an
ideal mother substance. and chose
it as my basic material. In this we
were justified, and III March of 1909
Carl Coutelle and succeeded In OBJ.
tanning the first large quantity o.
pure synthetic isoprene-several
Dewey County advocate. [volume] (Timber Lake, S.D.) 1910-1913, 1912-09-27

nof pearls to seek, but the cargoes Of
vessels which might be wrecked onl
the dangerous bar of the estuary or
the sand-banks of the channel. In one
way or another. however, Ostia kept q
lively trade, and polyglot populations
which bought and sold In the serried
shops lining its paved streets. The
religious cults of the place are alone
enough to show how variegated the
crowd must have been. Vulcan, the
original god of the place, who had
presided over its metal-workers since
the days of the early kings Gas Romans
loved to belieye), had had to accept q
serious rival in Phrygian Cybele. and
other competitors in Syrian Mithrass
and Egyptian Iris and Seraphis, a.
well as the Hebrew Yahweh, whose
worshpers dwelt thickly about the
new Claudian and Trajanic basins.
Wealth and Temples.
And all this population had to have
its places of amusement, as well as it's
temples, and there was wealth enough
to decorate these with statutary which
the Graeco-Roman artists of the me-
tropolis probably supplied. Among
the best examples that have survived
to be found in the recent excavations
are head OF Aphrodite. and a fall
length of priestess, complete except
for the right hand, and that nose-tip
which has been Clipped OF ninety in
a hundred ancient statues which still
exist. She makes a gracious, ma
tronly figure which, let us hope, did
something to civilize the shrieking
Levantine mob of Ostia The main
place of recreation. the Theater. built
of brick with stone facing'ain the
Roman manner is, relatively, less well
preserved than the shops and houses.
A big, outstanding building, it was
more obvious and profitable quarry
for medieval builders. Nor had it
been we'll treated in the imperial
times. A summary restoration in the
time Of Honorius did much to obliter-
ate the more worthy work of the third
century emperors. The clearance of
the city is still going on, year by year.
at the expense of the Italian govern
ment. and the absent public is kept
informed of constant discoveries by
Signor Vaglieri's reports in the Motif
zie degli Scavi, the most systematic
and unfailing record which any coun-
try issues concerning the recovery OF
its past. But no reading of many re-
ports is worth single visit to the
ruins themselves, and those visitors to
line to Ostia and to spend at least an
afternoon in it's Forum and streets
will miss one of the most interesting
places in Italy.
Dewey County advocate. [volume] (Timber Lake, S.D.) 1910-1913, 1912-09-27

words the structural atoms are differ
emily arranged, and the body or sub
stance thus differs from another of
the same chemical get UP but with
its tiny units otherwise distributed.
I'VE soon recognized that the poly
merizing power of heat could be
furthered by numerous chemical ad-
mixtures, but we soon found that
there are many more substances that
work in opposition to this end. In
August of 1909 l obtained the first
rubber polymerized by heat in the
laboratory of the Elberfeld works. In
September of that year l submitted
a sample of this material to DIR.
Gerlach. He was the first to confirm
that our product actually contained
caoutchouc. "A month later Harries
tested our synthetic material with
his ozone method, and by this means
was able to establish that our heat
polymerized isoprene was veritable
india rubber"
Dr. Hoffman, frankly admits that
should the extensive rubber planta-
tions cultivated under English direc-
ton in the Malay Archipelago meet
expectations synthetic rubber will not
be so necessary In supplying at a
more reasonable rate the present
market. However. he says that the
synthesist has SC adjusted conditions
that he can compete with his ware In
price and quality with the natural
product.
Dewey County advocate. [volume] (Timber Lake, S.D.) 1910-1913, 1912-09-27
Aature's rubber and delivering it at

AAtures rubber and delivering 1t at
the factories.
Fermentation is an action set up by
various kinds of germs. and Prof.
Eernbach found the germ that would
ronyert certain plentiful starchy mate
rails into fusel oil, and from this fusel
oil he obtained cheap isoprene. 1t
was this isOprene which DIR. Matthews
learned by accident how to turn into
rubber by means of sodium. Sir
William Ramsay and his associates
this way at cost OF about "a cents
q pound. From Is to % cents a
pound is what 1t costs now to collect
rubber in the far east and amid the
forests of the Amazon. The heaviest
after expense is involved in trans
porting the raw material to manufac-
turing centers. and also In purifying
this rubber so that it.shall be hit to
60 into the finished products.
The rubber hunter mixes the Juice
or latex of many trees. and the raw
stuff Is seldom uniform and Is fire.
cuently filed with foreign substances.
and even pebbles, the latter hidden
away In the gum to increase the
weight. The cost Of getting rid OF
these things Is heavy, and this fact
must be borne In mind In giving prop
value to any process for the syn
fhetic making of rubber. 1t is natural
to suppose that a chemical produc.
ton would be subject to perfect con-
Dewey County advocate. [volume] (Timber Lake, S.D.) 1910-1913, 1912-09-27

Thousands upon thousands Of q.
periments have thus been brought to
a crystailized knowledge which makes
It possible and practicable to embark
upon the manufacture of rubber syn
thetically from available cheap mate.
rsals. The plantations in the far
east have been developing over q
period Of fully thirty-five years, and
In a sense they have the start Of the
artificial product in q cumulative
estimate, but this advantage will not
continue II the chemist manufacturer
can make rubber alphabetically IS
cheaply as DR.. Holman predicts.
In 1910 and 1911 the world produc-
ton Of india rubber reached a total
Of shout $4,000 tons and the world
consumption Of caoutchouc was in the
neiEhborh0od of $4,000 tons. Figur-
ing the cost Of this rubber at an aver
age of 81 a pound the total value of
the production reaches $3.50. 100000.
Synthetic rubber, it is believed.
would make it possible to widen the
field of application OF rubber. Make
shifts and substitutes of one sort or
another are now used in many direc-
tions, because natural rubber Is too
expensive. Therefore, the public is
Interested in the artificial product
first because it will add stability to
tae price of the rubber from trees. and
next 1t will make 1t possible to apply
1t in many ways now prohibited by
price and the relatively limited out
put of plantations and the wild
growth.
Z Whether the basic isoprene be made
from a starchy substance after the
English process or from a product of
coal, as DR.. Hoffman, has chosen.
there will be immense quantities Of
by products which will be a part of
the systems employed in making iso-
prerc and In converting it into coun-
terpart caoutchouc in either case. It
would be financially prohibitive to
neglect these by-products in concen-
trating upon the manufacture of arti-
fetal rubber.
DR.. HOFFMAN, says that II rs per
cent of artificial rubber could be pro-
duced from every pound of basic mate
rial, then factory turning out half
i million pounds day would require
1000, 900 pounds of the mother sub
stance, three-quarters of which would
every twenty-four hours In
the form of by-products. This gives
an idea of what the chemist-manufac-
turer has before him, even though the
secret of synthetic rubber has been
solved. With characteristic thorough.
ness, the Germans are working away
1t this end of the question.
So far rs is known the German
synthetic rubber has met all the ex-
acting tests and analyses OF other
German chemists On the other hand.
it is said that the English artificial
rubber is not chemically identical In
its atomic makeup with natural caout--
chouc, and the critics declare that this
artificial substitute will not meet all
of the requirements. It seems that
the artificial rubber contains one
atom of carbon less than natures
caoutchouc, and whether or not this
Dewey County advocate. [volume] (Timber Lake, S.D.) 1910-1913, 1912-09-27

DR.. jacques Liouiville, who was
part of the staff of the antarctic ex-
petition which recently returned to
the north, has given the name the
disease OF conserved food" to the NAL.
ady which is the cause of most OF the
illness encountered on these expedi-
lions. There is a very decided alter
alton in the composition of the blood.
owing to lack In the food of the nee
essary elements of health, The pa
tents suffered from overpowerinE
drowsiness and shortness of breath.
which prevented them from taking
part in marches or similar sewers
work. All these symptoms disappear
ed when a supply of fresh meat vas
obtainable.
Dewey County advocate. [volume] (Timber Lake, S.D.) 1910-1913, 1912-09-27

troll and that the synthetic rubber fac
tory would be located where it could
reach easily it's raw materials and its
market for the finished output.
Climatic and geographical conditions
have prescribed the zones in which
the rubber plant can be successfully
grown. even though its cultivation be
subject to scientific methods and are
free from the haphazard ways of the
rubber hunter.
In England the present discoveries
are hailed by Sir William Ramsay
and his fellows not SO much as a prom
Use of commercial advantage but as
a professional achievement which
puts the British chemist ahead Of his
rivals across the Channel That the
Germans have good reason to be salts
fed with their own accomplishments
in this very field is undoubtedly true.
The Germans claim that they have
now method for making rubber
synthetically which will soon be ready
to compete with the output of the
tropical forests.
Back in the SOS Tilden, an English
man, gave long study to the problem
of making synthetic rubber, but aban-
doned his work finally because he did
not believe the attainment practicable.
The individual was powerless to cope
with SO gigantic problem and his
resources were unequal to the task.
Capital was necessary as well as the
united efforts of many men. In fact
in one factory alone in Germany there
were 800 college bred chemists concen-
tratfng upon the technical researches
Dewey County advocate. [volume] (Timber Lake, S.D.) 1910-1913, 1912-09-27

litres of it. This showed us that we
had the right formulate, the scientific
execution of which was no longer
questionable. But with the making
Of isoprene our troubles were not
ended; on the contrary, they were but
beginning.
T" We were confronted with the pro-
blem Of converting this liquid into
that tough. elastic, plastic colloid
which was to be a successful substi-
tute for rubber. in truth its very
counterpart. theoretically the task
was easy, because, as Beilstein says,
isoprene is converted into caoutchouc
by treating it with muriatic acid. OF
course, we tried that at once, but for
our pains we got nothing but oily
chlorides-not trace of rubber We
were apparently defied.
We tried all sorts of likely and
imaginable physical and chemical
mediums in connection with isoprene,
but the wilful stun refused to thicken
Finally discovered the power to per.
form this miracle hidden away III
heat. There was nothing new In
heating isoprene, but the result we
obtained thereby was new. Other
authorities had tried heat. but all they
got was either an oily or at best q
resinous substance.
Polymerism in chemistry is that
property peculiar to some compounds
by which they differ in their mole
cular weights and also in their cherai-
cal properties even when formed from
the same elements and combined in
the same proportions. In other
Dewey County advocate. [volume] (Timber Lake, S.D.) 1910-1913, 1912-09-27

Particularly significant is the
growth of summer schools in the
Carolinas, where the movement start
ed comparatively late. At the Uni
versity of North Carolina there was
an attendance of $50 this year, just
double last years enrolment. At the
normal school at Greensboro. North
Carolina, session of eight weeks was
held. the first in the history of the
institution, and 200 enthusiastic teach
ers were in attendance. At the sum.
mer session of the Winthrop Normal
College, Rock Hill, South Carolina,
particular attention was paid to prob
lens OF industrial education and rural
schools, and men OF national promi.
hence participated in the work.
Dewey County advocate. [volume] (Timber Lake, S.D.) 1910-1913, 1912-09-27
Growth Attached to It.

you've been sleeping in the tele
phone booth, believe" said the
manager Of the summer hotel.
yes"
Il can give you billiard table now.
ii you like"
mo; I'll stick to the booth. rath-
er like the room. 1t isn't large. but
it's cosy"
Dewey County advocate. [volume] (Timber Lake, S.D.) 1910-1913, 1912-09-27
Good for Several.

why do you call this new tire OF
yours the Mexican?" asked Slathers.
rs it made of Mexican RUBBER"
"Oh, no." said the inventor. II call
1t that because it is capable OF innu-
merable revolutions without wearing
out."-Judge.
Dewey County advocate. [volume] (Timber Lake, S.D.) 1910-1913, 1912-09-27

! ! !: ! ! J
8 the world on the eve
OF another commercial
revolution due to an
accidental 4. chemical
discovery? Is synthe;
SI0a tic rubber going to
take It's place upon
equal terms OF COM
- m 80 petition with the juice
Of the trees and. plants which so long
havH Supplied the rubber confmerce?
JSsa kat the present time English
and German chemists are disputing
over their claims TO- precedence in
finding way to create from certain
raw materials chemical counterpart
of natural rubber. The world at large
Il not directly concerned ip the deter
mination of this question Of priority,
but It has a very deep interest In the
commercial practicability OF these dis
coveries.
Two years ago DR.. F. e. Matthews
OF England. then associated with
other distinguished chemists, among
them Prof w. H. Perkin, Sir William
Ramsay and Prof. Fernbach, was seek
ing to perfect a cheap process for the
manufacture of synthetic rubber and
by chance left some isoprene and
metallic sodium in contact for
period Of about two months, going OF
in the meanwhile for his summer out
ting. Upon his return DR.. Matthews
was amazed to find that the isoprene
had in the interval been converted
into solid rubber The long sought
key to the riddle was thus uncovered
by an accident.
lsoprene is an oily, volatile hydro
carbon. 1t was obtained by distilla-
ton from caoutchouc fifty years ago
by Williams. and the analysis Of iso-
prene showed that 1t was chemically
identical with the oil Of turpentine
The problem since that day has been
twofold; first, to derive isoprene from
abundant raw materials, and then to
effect its conversion into rubber
II bugh the medium Of plentiful and
cheap reagents. In order to compete
with natures product it was neces-
sary that artificial rubber should be
made in large quantities and at
cost which would put 1t on a par At
least with the expense of gathering
Dewey County advocate. [volume] (Timber Lake, S.D.) 1910-1913, 1912-09-27
Caution.

Mrs. Wetmore is one OF the most
cautious persons have ever known"
Yes. She was telling me the other
day that she never kept striking
clock in the kitchen because she fear
ed that If she did, 70 the clock might
acquire the habit" /
Dewey County advocate. [volume] (Timber Lake, S.D.) 1910-1913, 1912-09-27

difference will prove vital either 1T
once or later in the employment OF
the synthetic substance has yet to be
established.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1912-08-26
LOGIC.

. .
~ 1t is impossible for everybody
in F'afrmont 10 five on Main street or
within block ortwo of Main street.
(2) Everybody in Fairmont Is try.
ing to live on or near Main street.
(S) Resut-high rents and closely
built houses, pooralr, heat dust and
noise. 10 80
a. Further rcsalt--hish cost Of liy'
ing, discomfort, bad health, children
no place to play, bad conditions.
t5) Remedy = The population Of
Fairmont must learn to move into sub
urban homes, following the car lines,
where tho cost OF living is reduced by
gardens, chickens land cows, which
furnish twothirds of the living by
small effort,
(6) Further remedy-Look at and
buy Knob Hill lots ana home sites
build a home, easy OF access 10 and
from the city on a cent car fare,
across from the Speedway, away from
the manufacturing district. II will in
time rival Fairmont avenue, Locust
avenue or Morgantown avenue as a
beautiful residence section OF the city