Evening star., 1912-11-14
GUNNERS SMELLING TURKISH
TROOPS FROM MURITIZEN.

ed it. To Europeans this discovery
came as the solution of a historical
problem and as the last word in the
history of great tragedy.
But to the average American the dis
covery, / think, came as the finding of a
freak people-much as the discovery OF
men with tails would come. There is a
difference in the point of view. you see.
when the Norsemen settled in Green
land they found no Eskimos there. In
the early fourteenth century ESkmoS be-
gan to come down from the north and
to attack the western settlements. They
even came from America by way OF
Smiths sound, where Peary went. For
two or three years there was no commu-
nication between the northern and the
settlement sent a ship to the northern
to find out why it had not heard from
its compatriots.
They found the farmhouse in ruins,
the cattle, sheep and horses feeding
about-wild ESkimos had eXterminated
tnis settlement. but as we know it is the
habit of all primitive people to carry of
women and children in time of war, rath-
er than kill them, it was and is though:
probable that this northern colony was
not entirely destroyed and that the
women and children had been carried on
We have definite knowledge of the south
ern colony up to the year 1412, and some
less reliable information about it in 14fe
and even later After that communica-
tion between Greenland and Europe was
cut off because of the paralysis that fel
on Europe at the time Of the blacl
plague
Southern Colony in Ruins.
when voyages were resumed again by
| the Englishman, John Davis, late in the
sixteenth century, nothing remained bu
the ruins of the farms Of both colonies
The fate of the southern colony wa:
therefore a complete mystery, but it has
always been considered probable by his
torians that portion of the people a
least of this colony were not eXterminatec
and that they moved across Davis strait
Il found the blond people in Victori;
Land The question: naturally arose
May not these people be the descendant:
| of this lost colony? The latest maps o
| the Canadian government published be
fore 1 went north in the spring Of 1905
these maps were published in 1906
showed the islands of Banksland and Vic
| toria Land as 'Uninhabited.' We foun,
| that they were inhabited by these strang'
people, and we estimated the. population
| of these two islands and of the MAINLAND
shore opposite them at about 1000, which
| is very large population as Eskimos go
| for they do not gather in large numbers
| Peculiar Characteristics.
"Pure-blooded Eskimos should be a.
dark as Chinese or Japanese, and SO the!
are in Alaska, but there in Victoria Lane
We found that a large proportion hat
| light eyebrows, that among the mel
boards were common, being more abun
dant than among any pure-blooded Es
kimos that I know anything about, tha
many of these bearded individuals hat
light brown boards tinged with red.
.Perhaps dozen of those l saw ha,
| eyes distinctly lighter than the typica
| brown of the Mongolian Eskimo. The
| ran to light blue or blue gray.
This was among people none of whom
| at any time had contact with Whalers
| for we know what the routes of the whal
ers are and only three or four out of TIL
thirteen tribes visited by men had eve
| had the slightest contact with explorers
/ Il had in my employ at the time
came to these people three Alaskan Eski
mos. When they saw the Victoria Lane
Eskimos they said to me: These are no
| Eskinos They are Fo'cSl men'-mean
ing by this that they We're 'Forecastl
Men, as the sailors of the whaling fleet
| are called.
Depended Upon Rifle.
II left New York in 1908 on this trip
and got back to New York. by way o
Seattle, in September. l was north o
the arctic circle four years and tw'
months. / had no ship. We believed tina
| where an Eskimo can live in comfort (
| white man can also do so, if he Is willing
to live as an Eskimo does. We depended
absolutely on the rifle, as the Eskimo
| do, and found that we got along all right
| We had no trouble in bringing in on
field notes and Photographic films, but W.
could not transport bulky scientific in
struments. That is one problem in trans
portation for a trip like that.
Despite that difficulty we brought II
| complete chronological collections from the
| blond Eskimos, and archaeological col
lections from Alaska, numbering nearly
10000 specimens, such as implements Of
stone and bone, and ivory and pottery.
..One of the most important scientific
results of that expedition was that We
proved the Eskimo knows how to make
pottery The Eskimo is supposed to have
| learned how to make pottery from the
| Alaskan Indians. but l found this pottery
| a thousand miles farther east than it was
| supposed to be found"