davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1912-09-08

"A made and used by one Of the fourteen
who first released himself and. tnen inc
others with intent 10 escape.
Stewart refused 10 leave his cell unui
a breach in the outer wall should De com
nleted. but he counselled them, as odch
and forth from breachwork to stewart >
coll the escaping prisoners sought ADVICE
This was the extent OF his proven par
ticipatioD.
.aThe night Waterman was captufed'
bound, gagged and confined IN ecu
with a prisoner placed over him as guard
90 restless was the captured Waterman
that IL was thought 10 Kill him. anu
stewards advice was sought.
..He nesitated. and then, in his quiet
way. said: No, not now; for II you are
surprised and the escape prevented i
would be an awkward situation to hnd
the Waterman dead, and II you do escape
his death would stimulate pursuit and
detection. Wait a little and see how
things go
Neither hunger for tragedy nor sense
Of pity Influenced his decision nor was
he restrained by fear OF final eonse-
ouences. He was governed in this advice
w his Judgment OF good. immediate pol
icy-simply that.
Stewart was released at the expira-
ton OF his sentence and quickly passed
beyond our observation. but, strange 10
say. after the lapse Of forty years he
came 70 view again. His judgment must
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1912-09-08

large man. not stout but rugged, shapely
not handsome, with brown hair. gray
eyes. strong masculine countenance. mus
cular and iron nerved or sanguine teEl-
permanent, he was Of quiet mien. with
a smooth low voice.
"He was a deliberate. determined char
acter, and a natural leader OF men. Be
ing sensible and self-controlled, lie lid
not come into conflict with the prison
routine. He was never disturbed by
trivial annoyances. and was too wary TO
engage In forlorn schemes, but with a
fair show for success he was ready 10
face any danger.
He neither sought nor desired any spe-
cial consideration, and for favors volun-
tarily bestowed seemed not unmindful,
though scarcely grateful. He could suffer
injustice without show Of rctaliating or
weakly forgiWng. The pitiful moved no
tendency In him. but he did not gloat at
cruelty. Religious ministrations were
neither despised nor respected.
Apparently capable Of strong attach
ments, lack Of friendship gave no pain Of
deprivation. Neither cheerful nor sad,
he sat broodingly in his cell or elsewhere
adjusted himself to the prison routine as
one VINO is philosophically reconcilled TO
the inevitable, but at the same time por-
tentousy biding his time and opportunity
Had Stewart .been well educated. and
his lot appropriately cast. he would have
inclined to materialism in metaphysics,
to stoicism in philosophy and to militar-
ism for profession and vocation
This strong, interesting character was
inaccessible to any ordanry familiar APP
proach and quite immune to a chaplain's
direct appeal-the personal touch
Strange that such a man should be a
criminal!
He was not nstively, professionally or
habitually criminal, though he was in
prison for felony. and after his release
did further crime. He was the product Of
environment such as prevails In rude
society where each inhabitant is a law
unto himself, the creature of crcum-
stances.
THE following prison incident with
which Stewart was connected is illustra-
tive OF phase Of his character. On q
bleak night fourteen prisoners gained &C.
cess from their cells to the corridor. This
was accomplished by means Of a false
key and an ingenious mechanism invent.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1912-09-08

have failed him. for in 1901 my brother,
visiting the state prison in Rhode Island,
saw Stewart there. grown stout and
crowned with thick snow-white hair. lie
was completing a hve-year sentence for
the crime OF forgery"
Another case Is graphically told.
"Burley, Lake Erie Pirate, as he was
named In the newspapers OF the time.
was committed 10 the Detroit House OF
Correction by the federal authorities. not
on a final sentence but for safekeep-
ing. lie was young Scotchman Of ex-
cellent family and education, whose SYM
pathies were with the Southerners in our
Civil War and who had united with a
number OF Southerners and foreign SYM
pathizers at Windsor Canada, just across
the river from Detroit-neutral territory.
From there they observed and re-
ported to the South the progress OF the
war sentiment and the preparations in
the North. An adventurous and danger
Gus company of men they were TO be on
the border.
1T was alleged that they were agents
OF the plan for burning Detroit and sew
eral other Northern border cities, and that
they were also agents for distributing
epidemic disease by means Of infected
clothing and rags SO solicitous were
the inha bitants OF Detroit. many OF whom
could remember the destruction of the
city In 1905, lest IL should be again de-
vastated by these alleged incendiaries,
that a volunteer police was organized to
patrol the river front night and day and
a tocsin signal was designated to summon
in a moment Of danger the whole popu-
lation to the public defence against a
confiagratiou.
1T was at this exciting period that
Burley. together with a few OF his Wind
sor conspirators. took passage on the
steamer Philo Parsons. which piled from
port to port on Lake Erie. On Burley's
signal they held up the officers, crew and
passengers at the pistols point and took
charge of the vessel as their captured
prize.
Soon overcome, the mutineers were ar.
rested, and Burley was committed to the
county jail. but so insecure was the jall
for the safe confinement Of such a des-
perate prisoner and so near We're his con-
fedsrates across the river that he was
soon transferred from the jail to the
mouse OF correction for better custody.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1912-09-08
The New York. State ~ Reform atory. Eleira
Zebulon Reed Brockway Writes of Prison Types
He Has Known-Some All Bad, Others
"Somehow Good"-But Each Found
in Him Sympathetic Friend.


were fastened around their necks, and
others were chained in pairs TO wheel
barrows.
THE attendants delivered picked pork
10 the prisoners for dinner at their FORCES,
a piece for each thrown on the floor and
left 10 be washed and boiled in the water
used for cooling the iron wrought at the
FORCES. Meat was distributed in a similar
manner for breakfast
The intention OF all this was not
cruelty. says Mr.. Brockway. but to make
the prison an object OF terror In the
hope TO deter from crime.
The first warden Of the prison at
Wethersfield was Moses c. Pilsbury. pre-
viously warden Of the New Hampshire
State Prison. His son. Amos. followed
and developed the principles his father
had adopted and became famed for good
management at Wethersfield and in New
York, where, in 1S45. the Albany County
penitentiary, the first large county In
dustrial prison for misdemeanants in
America, was established under his d.
rection.
Amos Pilsbury tipped the scales at
200 pounds. He was lion voiced, with
peremptory manners. He wore ruffed
linen, was a strict disciplinarian. says
Mr.. Brockway. but eminenuy Just ana
sufficiently sympathetic. We can obtain
a clear impression OF his courage from
the following anecdote:
Scott was an experienced criminal or
desperate character. He had been pre-
viously imprisoned in Sing Sing and in
the prisons OF other states. Al Wethers-
field he was serving a sentence Of fifteen
years.
Once while in this prison. when he
had refused TO work or submit 10 the
regulations and was disciplined therefor.
he cut off one hand at the wrist. In order
10 disable himself. When on mis- recovery
he was assigned steadily TO turn grind
stone crank with the remaining hand he
openly threatened to kill the warden at
the first opportunity
"A baroer by trade. Scott was one
day assigned TO assist in shaving his
fellow prisoners. While thus engaged
the warden, Mr.. Filsbury, who knew II
the threat came in and seated himself
in the BARRIERS chair to be himself
shaved. Though greatly agitated. the
prisoner performed the service well and
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1912-09-08

VOLUME containing much that
= ~ will be OF interest to layman as
II n we'll as expert is entitled Fifty
Years OF Prison Service" an autooiog-
ha ply Of Zebulon Reed Brockway, su-
.perintendent Of the Elmira Reformatory
from the time OF its opening in 1876 to
1890. II is published by the Charities PUB
LEGATION Committee Of New York CITY,
Mr.. Brockway is eighty-five years old.
In his preface the author says that his
adult life during the last half OF the
nineteenth century was so identified with
'the modern prison reformatory movement
| in the United States, his prison service
was so unusually continuous, that nu-
tmerous requests had been made for
record Of the facts and lessons of such
an experience.
In complying with these requests ne
has written a chronicle that is interest
ing suggestive and useful He shows the
Use and progress of reforms in the penal
laws and changes in prison practice ana
presents the earlier conceived and finally
conclusive views OF sound penological
principles as exemplihed in the American
rofcrmItory system
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1912-09-08
AN oLDTiME HORROR.

al the foot OF this passage begins
gradual descent for considerable ais
lance. all around being solid rock or
ore The passages extend many rods In
N,1srent directions, some OF them even
leading under the cellars OF the dwell
ings OF the neighborhood. On the sides
IA the inches OF the cavern platforms
we're built Of boards for the prisoners, Oh
which straw was placed for their peds'
.'The horrid gloom Of this dungeon can
scarcely be realized The impenetrable
vastness supporting the awful mass
above impen ding as II ready to crush one
TO atoms: the dripping water trlcKnng
like tears from its sides, the unearthly
echoes. all conspired to strike aghast
with smazement and horror.
From thirty to one hundred men were
placed together through the night soli-
tsry lodging, as practised at Wethersfield
afterward, being regarded az punish
ment rather than as blessing to them.
The punishments inflicted for prison Of
fences were fiogging, confinement in
stocks in the dungeons, being fed on
bread and water during the time, double
or treble sets Of irons, hanging by the
heels, etc.
"A bell summoning the prisoners to
work brought them up from the cavern
beneath through a trap door. in irregular
numbers, two or three together. and some
times a single one alone, when. under
guard of armed soldiers, they were con-
Quoted across the yard TO the smithy.
The prisoners were heavily ironed and
secured by letters, and being therefore
unable to walk, made their way by jumps
and hops.
ION entering the smithy some went TO
the side of the FORCES, where collars, de-
pendent by iron chains from the roof
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1912-09-08
A TALE WORTH WHILE.

lie loves. TO swing ions sentences but
tho following excerpts will convince the
reader. no doubt. that man having much
10 say should be permitted to express II
in his own fashion. As human docu-
ment the book is impressive.
The Connecticut State Prison is Sit
mated at Wethersheld, four miles from
Hartford. In 1s4S. when twenty-one years
DID. Mr.. Brockway began at Wethersheio
tho connection with prison service whlch
continued almost uninterruptedly until
,eon first as guard, then clerk. then as
sistant superintendent at Albany. ana as
superintendent at Rochester, Detroit ana
Eln,ira-a service covering practically the
last half Of the nineteenth century
Uethers6eld was rated originally as
GOOD specimen Of a small prison oil 'he
Auburn type. says Mr.. Brockway' ana
uss satisfactory TO the people OF con-
,ecticut. especially because 1t was 50
much better than the old Simsburg mines
,,r,son from which the prisoners were re-
moved TO Wethersheld in 1877.
He introduces an account OF the TWO
nrisons TO show the public sentiment re-
iIatine 10 prisons and prisoners at Vhs
beginning and during the first quarter VI
the last century. This cave prison az
simsbury was known in the time OF the
American Revolution as Newgate' named
a fter the Newgate OF England. III was
tformed out OF the Simsbury copper mines
on Copper Hin. Then follows a Viviu
picture:
"Tbe appearance Of this place forcioS
,eno,nds the observer Of tine walls, cas-
tiles and towers erected for the security
of some naughty lordling of the feudaI
ages, while the gloomy dungeons within
ira walls call TO remembrance a Bastlle
or prison Of the 1nquisition.
These caverns were first occupied az
a Mace for the confinement of Tories
about the beginning Of the Revolution
Some rude buildings covering access to
the caverns were constructed with an
inclosure of half an acre or So built
Of blanks with iron spikes upon the top
The passage down the shaft into the cav
ern was upon a ladder fastened upon
one side and resting on the bottom.
-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1912-09-08

After brief visit there he re-em- :.
barked and returned to America. On
shipboard, returning he discovered his
former but unwon sweetheart voyaging
TO America in the service OF an English
family as governess-an educated, attract
i've and most worthy English maid.
The fires OF the early attachment were
now rellghted. Whites sobriety ana good
behavior on shipboard regaincd her con
hdence and Immediately on reaching New
York they were married going at once TO
Albany. where White expected 10 lind.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1912-04-19

Y
The Mexican government has
, full! consciousness of its duties ant
, neither by its acts nor by the mani
feStations of its :unCtionaries has i
given a season to doubt the sincerity
of its determination to cause 10 be
% respected the generally accepted
principles of international law and
the rules which govern the conduct
Of civilized nations. Your govern
mcnt has recognized rhis in the note
which | have the honor to answer
and bv means If other repeated dem
onstratiOns OF friendship toward the
government and people OF Mexico
demonstrations 50 hiShly and 50 cor.
daily esteemed in this country
Cannot Recognize U. S. Demand.
For these reasons the Mexican
! government finds itself in the pap
/ ful necessity Of not recognizing III"
right o. your government to ma e
/ the admonitlon which the note con
tains. for the reason that il is not
I based on any incident that should
be chargeable 10 the Mexican e1N
crnmcnt and which could signify thar
il might have departed from an OBJ
servance of the principles and prac-
ticcs of international law.
In view OF the fact that a part
of the country is i'll a state OF re-
bellion, the Mexican government has,
us its principal duty, ,ne suppress'on
of the rebellious movement, and if IN
the regions removed from Ohcdien o."
TO the legitimate authorities, al
t"mptS are committed against the
lives and property OF foreigners, the
legitimate government OF the repub
lie viii not he obligated in this re.
shcCt. except in the same terms as
would the government of the United
hcllion existed in its own territory
The government of the Guited
States may be assured that it is the
trim dctc mination OF the MeXical
government to observe and cause 10
he observed the principles of inter-
national law and the laws of the
country which latter are III full con
tormlty with the former, with respect
to American citizens or other torciGr
cr. who may be made prisoners
among the rebel forces. and although
there does not exist sufficient data
To suppose that the chiefs OF tFe
Government forces have declared
that they would execute summarilT
\mericanS who may be taken pris-
oners and who might be fighting on
the side OF the rebel forces. orders
have been sent to the military chiefs
that if it should happen that foreign
subjects should be taken prisoners,
these should be treated in conforms
| ~ with the laws of the republic ant
( OF international practice.
Expressions Of Regret
The government and the people
Of Mexico lament that the peace
should be disturbed in any part ri
the republic and are making inces-
saut and strenuous efforts to re-
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1912-04-19

rebel Orozco bv order OF your e%cci
lency's government and throush the
conduct of Consul Letcher In Chlhua-
hua, not without lamenting the fac'
that il has been obliged by circum'
stances to follow this course, as cA-
pressed in the communication snce
this person is guilty Of flagrant vio-
lation OF the laws OF the country, hay
Ing risen in arms against the leeitl-
mate government, and is only re-
sDonsIbla before MeXirdn courts.
THE Mexican government and peo-
pie cannot be responsible. Therefore,
for the acts of the rebel chief alorI
the lines laid down in the communi-
cation whcih was sent to him by or
der of your eXcollencys government.
"Mv government also deplores that
the tenor of the instruction to Con
su! Letcher in chihuahua We're givc1
to the public in the same official
note which | have the honor to an
5wer.
Il take this opportunity to reite,.
lte to your exccilency the assurances
Of my most nigh consideration.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1912-04-19
Read the Want Ads. Worth while
COFFEE HURTS.
One in Three.

1t is difficult to make people be-
lieve that tea and coffee are poison
to at least one person out of every
three. but people are slowly finding
it out, although thousands Of them
sufer terribly before they discover
the fact.
A New York hotel man says:
"q,ach time after drinking coffee
became restless, nervous and excited,
so that | was unable to sit five min
utes in one place, was also incliilcl
to vomt and suffered frCm loss of
sleep, which got worse and worse.
"A lady said thai PERHAPS cofie"
was the cause of my trouble, and
suggested that | try Postum. l laugh
ed at the thought that coffee hurt
me. but she insisted so hard that
finally had some Postum made.
have been using it in place OF coffee
ever since. for ! noticed that all
my former nervousness and irrita
tion disappeared. | began to sleep
perfectly. and the Postum tasted as
good or better than the old coffee,
so what was the use of sticking to
beverage that was injuring me?
"One day on an excursion up che
country | remarked to a young lady
friend on her greatly improved ap-
pearance. She explained that some
time before she had quit using coffee
and taken to Postum. She mad "a n
ed number of pounds AMI her for
mer palpitation of the heart hum
ming in the ears. trembling OF the
hands and legs and other disagree
able feelings had disappeared. She
recomm ended me to quit coffee anu
take Postum and was very much
surprised to find that | had already
made the change.
She said her brother had al % re-
Ceived great benefits from leaving
off coffee and taking on Postum %
There's rea 'on.'
Ever read the above letter. A new
one appears from time to tint. They
are genuine, true, and full OF human
interest.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1912-04-19

'uc rart had been written for hpn.
Mss Kent. as the charming Miss
Headway, won the audience from the
first with her work. She has the
of the true actress and should win
fame if she ever essays the profess
ional stage Keith Miller, as the
grabbed but honest old Christopher
.Iedbury, Senior. proved himself a
master of character portrayal. The
play was an unquestioned success.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1912-04-19
Colleae Actors Make Good.

The question as to whether college
thespians can stage a play that can
not be told from the professional pro
duction was answered in the affirm
a.iye at the University of Oklahom2
last Tuesday nisht when the depart
ment of expression, under direction
of Mrs. Caldwell, produced the grea'
comedy in which John Drew and
Maud Adams starred for years --
Christopher Junior All who heard
the play pronounced it practically let
ter perfect and declared that II OK
celled any professional production
ever brought to Norman. The entire
cast entered into the spirit of the
lines with an ease and enthusiasm
seldom revealed by amateurs and
every part was admirably acted.
Especially did Miss Fay Kent of
Chandler, Luther Randol of ! 'Gmore
and Keith Miller of Norman show in
their difficult roles the talen- and
originality which betokens the true
artist of the stage. Randol PLAYED
the lead part of the dashine. ire s.
ponsible Christopher Jedbury, Junior
in . way which made it seem that
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1912-04-19
A TEXAS WONDER.

The Texas Wonder cures kidney
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backs, rheumatism, and all irregular
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bladder troubles in children. II not
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by mail on receipt OF $1.0(. One
small bottle Is two months treat
ment, and seldom fails to perfect a
cure. Send for testimonials from this
and other states. DR.. E. W. Hail.,
1926 Olive street, st. Louis. Mo.
Sold by druggists.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1912-04-19
You Can Try-Free-
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The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1912-04-19
Christopher JUNIOR
viii Be Presented by Dramatic Art
Department in the Robson Opera
House Saturday, April 20.

Read what Daily Oklahoman SAYS:
The best college play ever staged
in the State University town was
given Tuesday evening of last week
when the pupils from the Department
of Expression under the direction OF
LYDIA Robertson Caldwell presented
"Christopher Junior The drama is
a swift. vigorous comedy in which
Maude Adams and John Drew starr
ed for several yeals. The cast OF
the amateurs was excellent and the
play on the whole equalled any pro-
fessional performance which has Wis
tied Norman this season. The work
of Miss Fay Kent OF Chandler as
Dora Headway, Mr. Luther Randol OF
Ardmore as Christopher JedOury Jr.,
and Mr.. Keith Miller of Norman as
Christopher Jedbury Sr., vas espe-
cially brilliant. They showed true
dramatic ability and originality Of
Interpretation which destine, them
for real achievement il they ever
essay the stage for a profession
AT Robson opera house, Saturday
night. l'-5