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TaÌˆgliches Cincinnatier volksblatt. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1885-1919, 1912-03-07
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TaÌˆgliches Cincinnatier volksblatt. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1885-1919, 1912-03-07
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TaÌˆgliches Cincinnatier volksblatt. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1885-1919, 1912-03-07
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TaÌˆgliches Cincinnatier volksblatt. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1885-1919, 1912-03-07

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TaÌˆgliches Cincinnatier volksblatt. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1885-1919, 1912-03-07

EEaWUFHI Ut tim. W. LIaIEtHIFE'
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Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-05
ROUGH STONES AS CONCRETE
FILLER.

In any section of the country where
rough stones Of almost any character
can be secured and hauled as cheaply
as sand and gravel it will pay to use
them as filters for concrete work.
A neighbor of ours has built barn
foundation by using rough stones as
filler, with the result of saving fully
one-half of the cost Of construction.
On our own farm rough flint stones
all the way from the size OF a walnut
up to as large as peck measure are
to be had with only the trouble of
picking them up. These rough stones
we are using in all of our concrete
construction. except for surfacing.
The space they take up saves sand.
gravel and cement. with resulting
wall or floor as solid and firm as one
of all finer material.
Using rough stones as filler in solid
concrete construction is similar to
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-05
TOO MANY cHoREs -BoYs LEAVE HOME

When Theodore Roosevelt's country
life commission was looking into the
reasons for so much discomfort among
the young people Of the farm 1t got
great deal Of mighty valuable informa-
ton which. by tho way, has never
been put into the hands Of the peo-
pie One South Dakota farmer wrote
the following letter to the commission.
and it contains enough wisdom II 1t
could be applied. to keep all the boys
on the farm.
This man says: Late last fall on
my way home from town. two little
boys were herding sheep in the stub
BILE. There was bitter cold wind and
their clothing was none too warm
When 7 got near them they came to-
ward me and asked the time of day.
/ told them. and the smaller one. with
trembling lips said. mister, I wish
there weren't any sheep" Here
were two boys whose love for the farm
was ebbing fast They were about
eight and ten years old. and should
have been in school. How often when
the boys come home from school and
ask for piece Of bread they are told
to shut In the hogs first or go to the
neighbors and get the calves.
don't think I am overstating it
when I say about 26 per cent Of the
live stock of tho country are raised
at the expense Of the health. educa-
ton and happiness Of our school chill
dren. I have q neighbor whose love
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-05
TAKING the COLLEGE TO THE FARM

Secretary Wilson and DR.. Galloway
have been planning for some time to
inaugurate in northern states the
work on the farm that has been so
successful in southern states. There
Is an interesting story to be told in
this connection. The cities have been
filling up and the farms have been
deserted. The cost Of living has risen
and many think men are graphing
with the problem as to why 1t has
risen. When the boil weevil came to
the south something had to be done.
Many southern farmers were one
crop-men. They grew cotton and up
on the advent Of the boil weevil many
localities were deserted. Congress
gave the Department Of Agriculture
money with which to fight the pests.
1t was a new Undertaking. Sprays
chemicals, etc, were of no use in this
case. The weevil hid its eggs in the
bolls where chemicals could not reach
them. But something had to be done
The Department first concluded that 1t
would be wise. among other things. to
encourage the people In diversified
farming.
This succeeded remarkably 1t
would be a long story to tell all the
steps taken: in fact, longer than peo-
pie have time to consider in this busy
age. But In short, the college was
taken to the farm-the ablest farmer
in each county was selected to visit
his brethren and help them toward
better things. The farmer was taught
to help himself. The Department has
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-05

! for lots Of stock broke up his whole
family. Every fall he would buy one
hundred or more stockers and feed
several cars Of steers. He had five
boys six years ago. Today he Is alone
and can't tell you where his boys are.
They don't care enough for home to
write. Can you blame them? This
year he has sold about all his stock.
Many young man when ne marries
and goes to farming, proceeds to
stock up" going his credit to the
limit: when If he would get good stock
and less Of 1t, he would be far ahead
in short time. &C.. ".'
Exposure in caring for stock
put my father in the hospital
and week later in his grave and my
self in bed for two weeks. We then
lived in town for nine years. Love
back to the farm, and I came to South
Dakota from Illinois In 1899, bought
$50 acres and raised grain, mostly
wheat. Then concluded to raise dual
purpose Shorthorns. and my troubles
commenced. I could not keep my
hired men. sold my stock and now
have but nine cows and about thirty
hogs. Am now raising clover and
grain and our farm life is IDEAL" This
South Dakota man was wise enough
to follow the light once he had seen
1t. 1t led him into pleasant paths OF
peace and prosperity. -,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-05
Removing Plant from the Pot.

green, and the box done in latticelike
stripes Of white and green. Make the
box as long as you have room each
side Of the window (not measuring
just the window space itself), az then
one can alternate the pots bringing
the end pots in turn to the middle and
direct light.
A box for plants resting on castors
may easily be drawn away from the
window on cool nights in winter, and
pushed back the next morning.
These castors are also convenience
, when sweeping about the window. Any
woman who keeps house-plants in her
rooms can. herself. make two or three
window-boxes, legs and all, picked up
from where carpenters are building.
These boxes, Of course, are used
mainly in windows that are kept for
the saving of plants for spring, and
yet they can contain an assortment of
flowers which, banked back Of q win
dow, give an effective picture Of beau
ty to the passer-by as we'll as to the
inmates Of the room.
For a small window, and one from
which you must get light for the
room. be sparing of the plants. There
is nothing pretty In dark room. the
cause of which Is the window literally
hung and placed fun Of all manner OF
| foliage.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-05
BUYING MACHINERY.

If you are going to buy new ma
chine for the farm don't take the deal
er's word for all of It. Go around
among the neighbors and And out the
kind Of q machine best adapted to
your needs. examine 1t thoroughly so
that you will understand every part
Of 1t before you approach the dealer
and then stick to your convictions.
Never buy a cheap" machine
Quality Is the first thing to be con-
sidered because it Is a frightful waste
Of money to put 1t into poorly built
machinery which has to stand the
heavy wear and tear Of farm work.
We have found 1t always pays to
buy machines Of standard make end
manufactured by a Arm thu. .,
keep extra parts for repairs. Buying
an odd machine sometimes causes ex-
pensive delay because the parts are
not Interchangeable or cannot be had
in a moment Of emergency.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-05
by Prof. II. A. Craig.

trough for the hogs to wallow in
Copper sulphate dissolved in the wa
ter and slop in the proportion Of fou,
or five ounces to the barrel may lesser
the chance Of infection.
AS soon as hog comes down with
the disease 1t should be removed to the
pens set of for the sick animals
These pens should not communicate In
any way with the pens where the
well hogs are kept.
The dead hogs should be. burned
This Ia not difficult task If the body
is placed on top Of a pile Of wood that
will burn quickly and make a hot fire.
II disposed Of by burying 1t should be
well done and the body covered with
lime. However, this is not as satisfac-
tory AZ burning. .-.
The length of time that the hos
houses ana their surroundings will
remain infected will depend on the
care taken in cleaning them. In Nth
the germs may live for five months.
All litter about the yards must be
burned or removed to a place whore
the hogs cannot come in contact with
It, ~
Whitewash and discinfectants must
be used freely about the hog house
and yards. II the cleaning and dis
injecting IL carefully done we may be
able to stock up again within a few
weeks after the hogs have stopped dy-
ing and suffer no<further loss but It 10
usually best to wait 2 or 8 months be-
fore we do this. or depend on the hogs
that have survived for a fresh start.
Whore 1t IL practical we should
move tho hogs to some other part Of
the farm and build new and better
yards
come into money more quickly than a
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-05

now some 500 Of these farmer agents.
/ Cotton was not neglected, and
through such instrumentalities 40 the
Departments men could think Of.
cotton growing was encouraged. Last
year the south grew more cotton
than ever before in its history.
It may be said that It was a favorable
year. Very good; that was unfortu--.
nate but the south grew more corn
also last year than it ever grew before
When the college reached the farm
through the best farmer in each coun-
ty every means was taken to improve
the crops Of all kinds. The boys were
enlisted. There Is an opinion preva.
lent among the people OF the Depart
ment of Agriculture that tho boy must
be educated on the farm to q certain
extent.
Education In the past, as far a. the
farmers boy has been concerned, has
had a tendency to take him away
from the farm And away he went
Now he is being trained towards the
farm and becoming interested IN the
occupa tons of his father. The boys
who grew acre crops Of corn have had
the advice in their counties OF the Ne
partment's agents, and many INTEREST,"
Ing stories are current with regard 20
the enterprise and pluck Of these boys.
who are mostly under 16 years OF age.
Great yields are being harvested, more
than the country even knew OF oeiofe
proven certified yields.
These are the first steps toward bst-
ter agriculture.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-05
USE OF ALCOHOL IN CREAM TESTS

which occupies a space between A and
B Of nearly 1 per cent on the scale
The test Of this cream could be read
to 1910 or 400 depending on the selec.
ton OF A, or B as the point to which
It Is read. ' .H ~
Bottle shows the appearance OF
the top Of the fat column after the
fat-saturatsd alcohol has been added
The alcohol makes q nearly straigh,
line at the top Of the fat column. &c
that the test can be read at that point
without any uncertainty as to the
height Of the fat column. H.
Many comparisons Of fat readings
have been made before and after add
Ing fat-saturated alcohol. The differ
enoss In the results depend largely on
the kind Of cream test bottle used.
The fat-saturated alcohol Is pre-
pared by adding about teaspoonful
OF butter fat to Q ounces of alcohol in
q bottle. The butter fat may be OBJ
tanned by pouring off the fat from a
quantity of melted butter or by saw
ing tho fat separated in cream test
ing. Warm and shake tho bottle un-
til tho alcohol has dissolved all the
fat possible: some Of It will be left
undissolved at the bottom Of tho bot
tie. We have found It convenient to
remove tho fat-saturated alcohol
from tho bottle by means of q glass
tube which extends through tho cork
to near the bottom Of the bottle. BY
placing . finger over the top and lift
ing the tube out Of tho bottle, q small
quantity Of the liquid can readily be
Transferred to the cream test bottle
This fat-saturated alcohol should be
used for reading the tests as soon as
they are completed. while the fat is
still liquid. A little shaking Of the
test bottle after adding the alcohol will
sometimes make the line between the
fat and the alcohol more distinct.
Bottles having long necks (9-inch
botties). can be read more accurately
than tho short bottles (s-inoh). When
the neoks Of the latter are wide and
to measure 50 per cont fat,
an exact reading Is always difficult,
but by the use of fat-saturated alcohol
q definite line for making the reading
can be obtained.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-05
FEEDING OATS TO CHICKENS.

Oats is one Of the best feeds one
can give chicks for growth, but it is
hard to get in suitable form for feed
ing to poultry. One Of the best meth
DDS Is to sprout 1t. A pail Of oats Is
covered with water and allowed to
soak about twelve hours. In winter.
we use water which is heated an just
cool enough that you can bear your
hand In 1t, in summer. cold water.
After soaking, the oats are poured
out into trays two feet wide and three
feet long and two inches deep. The
bottoms Of these trays are made Of
galvanized one-fourth inch mesh wire
screen. We start a bucketful Of the
oats every day piling the trays on top
Of each other until we have four or
five. ..l. Tax. 49,.
Meanwhile we must thoroughly stir
the oats in each tray every day and
wet with water. The oats will, no
doubt, heat some and this makes them
sprout fast. but II they have ten
dency to get too hot. cold water could
be used to keep them cool. BY the
fourth or fifth day the sprouts are
perhaps one-half to one inch long.
For summer feeding when the stock
can get plenty Of grass they will eat
the oats readily at this stage and J..
is as good a growing feed as can be
obtained. The sprouts are very good
for early chicks that can get no grass.
For winter feeding to the poultry, 1t
is often advisable to let the oats grow
more and turn green. Then you will
have to let 1t grow few days longer
and if you can get suitable rack to
hold the trays several inches apart 1t
will be very convenient BY starting
one tray each day and feeding the far
therest developed each day continu-
ous supply may be had This feed
has been advertised extensively as a
secret and the books explaining this
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-05

laying brick or stone in mortar. Ine
only difference IL that forms are used
and that the stones are Ill hidden
when the work is finished. Sand ana
cement are all that is needed, although
gravel. too, may be used In the wss
mixture.
Make the forms as usual for any
kind of concrete work. and shovel In
the wet sand, gravel and cement mix
ture. On this soft mixture place
layer Of the rough stones OF Ill sizes
and shapes They must be clean OF
soil SO that the cement mixture VIII
stick to them. Cover the layer OF
stones with more Of the wet cement
mixture, and spade" the sides to
make smooth surfaces and to settle
the mixture among the rocks.
Use a rather slushy concrete so
that it will more easily run among
the rocks for filing vacant spaces ana
for firm binding Continue the pro-
cess, layer after layer. till the wall Y
finished. One layer Of stone is AL
that is needed for q door. walk q
steps
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-05
RAISING HOGS. REQUIRES COMMON SENSE

scrub, and bring more money for the
same weight at that.
II sows are closely watched at far
rowing time and the pigs Immediately
be placed in a position to suck they
are not 50 apt to devour them.
The farmer who marketed hts corn
in the hog yard and who Is now mar
keting the hogs. can look any man in
the face and tell him to go to any old
place. .
One acre Of alfalfa will furnish more
forage for hogs than two acres Of
clover. and 1t grows faster and keeps
on growing as fast as the hogs eat It
down. H..
Pigs will live and grow on rape
without supplement Of grain, but a
small addition of the latter Is proflta-
ble Dry sows will. however. do we'll
on the rape alone. .
Never feed more than hogs will eat
up freely. Many farmers do not prac-
tice this, but keep a quantity OF un-
eaten food lying in the lot at all times.
A few Goals from the wood fire OF
the kitchen put into the houses now
and then, where the hogs can grind
them up into charcoal. help to keep
the hogs healthy. IL .--... rei b, If
Steaming food for hogs IL an easy
matter. All that Is required Is large
box connected with a small boiler by a
one-inch pipe. The pipe should con-
meet the box at the bottom.
II you are In doubt kill the bigger
hog, for II makes better meat and the
ham OF light hog is hardly worth
curing, II you are fond of the meat.
for 1t dwindles far too rapidly.
Southern farmers have learned that
feeding cottonseed meal in large guam
titles Is a bad business. as 1t often
leads to fatalities. Fed in small guam
titles. however. with corn and alfalfa,
Il Is beneficial
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-05

1t Is very necessary that we recog-
nize hog cholera and swine plague in
the very early stages in order to pre-
vent them from spreading. In some
outbreaks the symptoms are not typi-
cal and we cannot diagnose the disea Sc
| by the symptoms alone. In suoh
cases we should destroy a sick hog
and make careful post-mortem ex-
animation.
| If the disease proves to be hog chol-
era or swine plague, and 1t IL practical
under the conditions the herd should
! be divided into small punches. The
sick animals should be separated from
the we'll ones and all possible precau-
| tons taken against the spread Of the
disease.
Do not move the hogs to different
parts Of the farm. nor scatter the dis
| ease over the farm. II the yards and
hog houses are in such 4 condition
that they cannot be properly cleaned
and disinfected we should move tho
herd to some convenient place and
build temporary quarters.
When the weather 10 warm the only
protection needed is shade. In cold
weather 1t Is necessary to provide
quarters warm enough to prevent tho
hogs from piling up and catching
cold. Portable hog houses are very
useful for this purpose. H
The yards, feeding floors, troughs
and hog houses must be kept clean.
All litter must be removed daily, and
tho frequent spraying of the hogs.
feeding floors and sleeping quarters
with Q water solution 1.-TWO per cont or
more) Of tar disinfectant Is necss-
sary part Of tho care.
Both the sick and we'll hogs should
be fed light dict Of STOP
by food, shorts, bran and the like.
Water or slop must not be left In the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-05

One OF tho important points in test
ing crsam by the Babcock test II to
meas sure the fat accurately after 1t y
separated In the neck Of tho test bot
tie. The bottom Of the fat column 10
approximately straight line, but the
top has, conoave surface, or nenis-
Gus which often occupies q space Of
nearly / per cent OF the graduated
scale on the neck OF the bottle. Con-
siderable discussion has arisen a. TO
whether the fat should be read to the
top, the bottom, or to some point on
this neniscus. Experiments have been
made by the dairy division Of the q.
S. Department Of Agriculture for tho
purpose ef locating accurately the
proper point TOR reading the top OF the
fat column. This uncertainty oan Be
entirely overcome BY dropping small
quantity Of alcohol into the neck Of
the test bottle after the Dream test =
completed. Tho alcohol floats on the
fat ana changes IL oonoave surface
to nearly . straight line. AZ this use
OF alcohol dissolves fat. the practice -
not 10 b recommended. since It re-
duoss the length Of tho tat column
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-05
BREEDF0R WOOL OR MUTTON
BY l.. @. Reynolds.

The best time to study the wool pro.
ducing quality Of ones flock Is when
! the animals are sheared. As wool Is
being removed from the sheep time
should be taken to remove a few fl.
! bers of the fleece and note its quality
| In every flock there Is wide varia-
ton in the quality Of the wool from
different individuals despite the fact
that they were sired by the same ram
and given practically the same care
and feed. The average wool produc-
ing sheep of the double-deck type
should shear at least twelve pounds
Of wool of good length and density.
! The wool should not be excessively fine
nor, on the other hand. too coarse.
but should possess something Of me-
dunn quality. have a number of in
dividuals in my flock that annually
shear from twelve to thirteen pounds
Of wool Of the quality that always de-
mands the highest market price.
These ewes are on the order OF the
mutton breed, although they have
been bred for number OF years for
both wool and mutton production.
am firmly Of the opinion that the
most profitable sheep for the average
farmer to raise in the future is the
animal that will produce high quail
ity of both wool and mutton. In view
Of the fact that many Of our focks at
the present time have been bred along
mutton lines exclusively, I believe
flock owners can we'll afford to give
more attention to tha wool producing
side Of their f1ocks.
For the past few years wool has
been commanding a very high and uni
form price The mutton market is we'll
esta blished. To insure the greatest
profit from the growing Of sheep, eth
er on the farm or range, superior OF
both wool and mutton must be mar
keted. .... ..
There has been a decided improve
ment In the sheep producing industry
in the past few years along the line
above considered, but am fully aware
there Is plenty Of room for consider
able more along the line Of combin-
ing both the wool and mutton quail
ties.
of England - John Wrightson in
London Live ock Journal, that sheep
never drink. and in this faith I was
drought up. water WdS always COA.
sidered 70 be an important accessory
In cattle pastures. but its absence was
never looked upon as an objection to
sheep runs. There IL a breed known
as "crag" sheep in Lancashire. which
range over the extensive upland Of the
mountain limestone. that are said to
require no water, but this does not
strike a Northumbrian as very re-
markable as it fts in with his precon-
ceived notions. I.
Mr.. Primrose Mcconnell supports
this view when he writes that Gin his
boyhood he had herded sheep and
cows together in hot summer weather,
and been struck by the COWS constantly
repairing to the water, while the sheep
never went near 1t. and were never
seen to drink at all, although they had
access to running stream close ut
hand" He adds that a northern shop
herd would ridicule the idea OF a
sheep ever drinking unless It was in
bad health. This opinion can en-
dorse with slight modification, as my
idea in the north Of England was that