davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Dickinson press., 1912-09-14
SOME GOOD BREEDING HINTS
Excellent Rules for Breeder to Follow
In Improvement Of Horse
Have Definite Ideal,
Some Things to Avoid In BREEDING
Horses.

Some Things to Avoid In BREEDING
Horses.
I. Hereditary unsoundness 1nvoly,
ing highly organized structures-de.
fects Of vision, roaring, heaves, ridg-
ling. stringhalt.
2. Hereditary unsoundness charac,
terized by bony enlargements-Bone
SPAWN, r1ngbone, sidebone.
3. Hereditary unsoundness involv.
ing softer structures-Bog SPAWN,
thoroughpin, curb.
4. U~nsoundness not quite so strong.
~ hereditary as the above list
Rheumatism. tumors, cribbing, weav.
ing.
s. Poor comformations of all kinds,
Some Things to Be Considered In the
improvement Of tho Horse.
1. Breed with a definite ideal In
mind. 2. Patronize only the best
sound, pure-bred sires. 8. Use only
sound mares for breeding pursoses,
4. Do not mix types. s. As far az
possible, stick to one breed. 6. Feed
literally the mares you have bred.
r. Be sure to read the state license
of the stallion you patronize.
If you are breeding draft horses,
seek scundness. size, proper conforma'
don, quality and action.
The Dickinson press., 1912-09-14
BOTH ENDS AND THE MIDDLE
No Farmer Can Expect to Prosper BY
Dishonest Preparation Of Pack
+, ages for Market.

Honesty in preparing packages fod
market, no matter what the commodi
ity, IL the essential element Of marj
keting, for what is tho use Of WORKING
and raising u fine crop If the produce
Is sent to market pached in a style in,
tended to cheat and decisive?
The fine berries on the top often
v moldy or green fruit. Big!
smooth apples being found at both
ends Of the barrel convince the buyer
that the apples n all good.
No man can ever expect to gain BY
such methods. He may fool people fol
a time, but soon the dealers will come
to know him and his produce win b
discredited-
It is q well-known historical fact
that barrels OF -four stamped "Georxds
Washington. Mount Vernon wore az
empt from inspection in West India
ports. This was distinction Of which
George Washington was prouder than
he was of his many political and Mill
tary honors. :
The farmer who builds up q BUST
ness reputation upon q foundation Of
honesty, square dealing and truth win
bequeath to hts heirs q valuable I'M
heritance. !:
The Dickinson press., 1912-09-14

Is done, 1t will not be but a few years
until the trees will so shade tho
ground that very little grass and
weeds will grow. Trees should not
be planted in sod or on breaking.
Hedges are of value on the farm, and
should be planted along roadsides, in
front Of the back yard, etc. There
are a number of shrubs and trees that
can be used for hedges.
Among suitable native plants may
be mentioned buffalo berry, wild plum
and box elder. Soft maple makes q
pretty hedge. Golden Russian willow,
Russian olive, Buckthorn and Siberian
pea-tree are all hardy standard hedge
plants. The Russian olive is related
to the buffalo berry, has silvery-green
foliage, forms trees, is thorny, and a
we'll formed hedge will turn jack rab.
bits and cattle.
The Dickinson press., 1912-09-14
FACTORS OF ALFALFA
Climatic Conditions Have an
important Bearing.
Plant Requires, Among Other 'Thlnos,
Somewhat Prolonged Period Of
Warm, Dry Weather to Ma
ture Good Crop Of Seed.

(By J. M. WESTGATE. North Dakota
Agricultural Collese.)
That climatic conditions have an
important bearing in growing alfalfa
for seed Is shown by the fact that
successful seed crops are produced
only under certain climatic condi-
tons. The alfalfa plant requires a
somewhat prolonged period Of warm,
dry weather to mature a crop Of seed.
: Rainfall.
The factNr Of rainfall 10 important
IN that it affects directly not only
the s~oil-moisture conditions, but also
the temperature and humidity Of the
air. 1t also has a direct effect upon
the flowers II the plants are in bloom.
II the period Of rainfall 10 somewhat
extended or the amount quite largo,
the eject is detrimental to the seed
crop. An annual rainfall Of at least
IL inches, properly distributed, is
usually necessary for a seed crop. In
such sections as eastern Kansas and
Nebraska. where the normal rainfall
somewhat exceeds 80 inches a year.
good seed crops are obtained only in
the drier years.
Temperatures Required for Seed be.
veIopment.
1t has been found that relatively
nigh temperatures are necessary dur
ing the period when the seed crop ia
setting and developing. In the south
western portion of the United States
and occasionally elsewhere thee ex-
IRENE summer temperatures combln-
cd with hot. dry winds may, however,
result In the blasting Of the flowers.
: Continued cool nights seriously re-
tard the setting of the seed. Late
summer or early fall frosts freouentlv
The Dickinson press., 1912-09-14
TREES ARE OF GREAT VALUE
Every Settler, New and old, Should
' Plant Some-With Proper Care
: Will Surely Grow.

(By L. r. WALDRON. Superintendent Of
Dickinson satisfactory !
Every new settler, and old s%ettleri
should plant trees. Trees are profit
able from any standpoint. and will
proper care will certainly grow. Thred
important principles govern the plant!
ing of trees, under semi-arid condii
tons. They should be grown in large
numbers, planted closely together and
kept cultivated. AS it so happensl
plantations set out on these principles
are of the greatest value to the farml
or. They form shelter belts and wind1
breaks which serve to protect build
ings, stock and all kinds Of fruit, and
eventually furnish summer firewood
and trees for individual planting. '
, In starting a shelter belt, one on
two year old Seeding trees should be
planted. as these are the cheapest and
most apt to live. Planting should be
done in rows and to aid in the work:
deep burrows may be plowed four, six
or eight feet apart. One mar places
the trees in the furrow two or three
feet apart, and a man on each side
with a spade fills In and firms the
earth, leaving it loose on top. They
may be set to a string by two men!
without burrows; setting In the
spade, working it back and forth, formi
ing a hole, the other pressing the tree
into the hole back of the spade. Th4
spade Is withdrawn and with the foot
the dirt is pressed against the roots
of the tree. The roots of the tree
should not be allowed to dry before
planting. They may be puddled in
soft mud. It La best to mulch them Id
The fall, leaving as much Of the mulch
upon the ground In the spring as can
be cultivated in. The following varil
eties are recommended for setting
box elder, green ash, elm, and soft ma
BILE. It is suggested that every other
tree be a box elder. These are fast
growing trees and will act as nurse
krees to the other kinds. Cottonwoods
are not suitable for close planting. It
is essential for the success of the tree
plantation that 1t be kept al clean and
we'll tended a a crop Of corn. II this
The Dickinson press., 1912-09-14

tation in the calf pen and to the
health and vigor of the calf. For this
reason. 1t is always we'll to place the
pens in the barn where an abundance
Of sunshine may enter in the winter
time. The floor of the calf pen re-
qu1res nearly as close attention as in
the cow stall. The same material used
In the COW stalls will Tor calf
pens, when we'll covered with bedding.
Calves generally thrive better when
allowed to run loose for they are al
ways active, yet there are times when
feeding or when cleaning the pens
that it is convenient to have them
fastened. A row Of small stanchions
and a manger next to the alley will
serve to make these operations com
paratively easy.
Milk Room.
One of the steps in producing clean
milk ls to remove it from the stable
to the milk oom Immediately after
drawing. This will prevent contami-
nation by the stable air when strain.
ing. In order to make this practical,
a milk o near the barn is neces.
sary and 80 constructed that odors
from the stable will not reach it. A
good plan is to have the milk room a
few feet from the barn connected by
a narrow alley with a door at each
end. BY hanging the doors so they
will swing either way will make 1t
convenient to pass to and from with
the milk and prevent stable air from
entering the milk room.
The only practical material to use
In constructing a milk room is &C.
ment. A good plan Is to build the
walls up for a foot or two with con-
crete and round the corners into the
floor. This will keep the woodwork
up from the floor where 1t will be dry.
A drain in the floor is desirable, as
more or less water is necessary. A
v~entilator in the alley will allow any
doors from the stable to escape before
reaching the milk room. A tank for
cooling the milk connected with the
pump and stock tank is not to be
overlooked in planning the milk room.
Floor.
The most important part Of a dairy
barn is the floor. It is very often the
most poorly constructed, especially
the floor of the stall. From the stand
point of sanitation, the floor is more
than half of the barn. A good floor
combines the several features Of i'm.
perviousness to water. durability Of
material and reasonableness of cost.
The one material which combines
these requirements to the best ad-
vantage Is cement. 1t is somewhat
more expensive on first cost but Will
outlast wood so will be a great deal
cheaper in the end. Wood floors
readily absorb all manner of filth,
quickly decay and lack durability.
They never can be made sanitary, so
are little better than dirt or gravel.
The Dickinson press., 1912-09-14

(By W. G. PALMER, Agricultural Editor,
North Dakota Agricultural CeIlesp.)
The securing Of fence posts is quite
. problem for North Dakota. A great
deal of fencing will necessarily have
to be done in the near future. One
solution Of the problem In the cement
post, which has proved quite success
full Another solution is to grow the
posts. And, for this the common will
low seems to be the most satisfactory.
1t grows rapidly and produces a maxi
mum number Of posts per acre. It 10,
however, not very durable in the
ground. It a be made so, however,
by treating with creosote and the cost
OF the treatment is not p%rohibitive.
The department Of agriculture has
found that the cost Of creosote runs
from five to eight cents a post when
just the butts are treated. Then It,
OF course. requires some work but Oft
en- times this treatment could be CIV
en- when work would be slack 80 that
1t really would not cost any outlay for
labor.
In treating the posts the first thing
to be done is to have them peeled, as
the ~preservative does not penetrate
through the bark very well. Then
again this is important as it allows
the post to cure. If there il any mois-
ture in the pores Of the wood the creo-
sote will not go In so readily and this
moisture ia also Objectionable.
To secure the best results the creo-
sote needs to be heated. This makes
it more liquid and also in heating the
posts it forces the air out Of the pores
so that on cooling the ~creosote ID
drawn in. Often times when the posts
r taken out OF the heated creosots
they are set into cold creosote, 80 that
as they cool they may draw in all
the pores will hold.
The heating Of the creosote is e.
cured in different ways. One way 10
The Dickinson press., 1912-09-14
MAKE MOWER RUN SMOOTHLY
Many Little Things Cause Implement
to Work Hard-knlfe Movement ,
May Cause Trouble. :

(By E.. w. HAMILTON, Agricultural En-!
gineer, Idaho Experiment Station.) !
Sharpening the sickle or knife and
applying oil to the bearings is not
all Of keeping a moving machine in an
easy running condition. These two
things are very essential Of course,
but there r at least a half dozen
other causes Of a hard-running mowerl
The knife movement may not correi
spond to the guards. This is common
where an adjustable steel p1tman id
used. The remedy is obvious.
The ledger plates in the guards and
owe which the knife sections ride may
be worn smooth, so that the grass
slips away from the knife. These
plates should be renewed as they
year out. .
The caps holding the knife down
onto the ledger plates may be loosei
These may be bent down with a nam;
mer so that tho knife can Just move
freely.
The wearing plates between tho
knife and cutter bars frequently wear
entirely out without the operators
notice. When this happens. the knife
and cutter bars quickly become bev'
eled and it IL impossible for the caps
to longer hold tho knife down to place.
New wearing plates and also a new
knife 1.-The only remedy.
The knife sections may be out oil
line so that only q few sections ride
properly on tho ledge plates. Cutting
sunhowers and brush 10 an almost SURF
way to spring the sections. Ordinarily
they may be Strengthened. but they
are better broken and replaced thar
to be allowed to remain crooked.
The guards may DO bent down, Thil
happens most often in q stumpy coun,
try. The guards are malleable cast
$50 they may be hammered back into
line.
+. An old knife, though as sharp al
when new, runs harder because thu
bevels to the sections have been in
creased by. wear and grinding until
the ledger plates no longer hold tn.
grass.
It must be remembered that certain
parts Of q moving machine wear Out
and the manufacturer intended then
The Dickinson press., 1912-09-14

occur In most mountain districts.
These frosts have a greater or less
effect on the development Of any seed
which may already have been set In
the young, partly developed pods. Oc
casional light frosts seem merely t.
retard the development Of the seed
but a severe. killing frost or continued
light frosts will seriously injure thu
seed crop. Seed has been observed
setting as late az November 13 In the
vicinity Of Washington, D. c.. several
weeks after killing frosts had occur
red, but which were followed by ten
days or two weeks Of relatively warm.
growing weather.
Influence Of Seasonal Variations Ia
Climatic Conditions.
The seasonal variation in rainfall,
temperature, cloudiness. ETC.. Is Of
prime Importance. A given section
may in n a give an abundant
The Dickinson press., 1912-09-14
NBy PROF. w. B. RICHARDS, North
i Dakota Agricultural ColleKe.)

The records made by the COWS of
each breed were averaged for the pur-
pose of comparison in the table which
precedes. The table shows the ave
age results produced by the H~olsteins,
grade Holsteins, Jerseys, grade Jer-
Iseys, and Red Polls. The results of
this comparison is Of no value for the
purpose of determining the relative
merits of the breeds represented, on
account of the number Of COWS of
each breed represented being too
omall to warrant drawing such con-
clusion. With such a small number
there is the danger that the COWS of
one breed may be better representa-
t1ves of the breed than the COW of
another breed. 1t is possible, how
ever, to get a rather accurate knowl-
edge of the difference in the fat test
The Dickinson press., 1912-09-14

and two and one-half feet at the other
end. giving the floor a slant of six
inches toward the tank. The floor also
slants four inches from each side I'd
matched flooring. The sides Of the
centers. The floor is made Of
draining floor are four feet high. ID
is divided In the center by a parti5
ton SO that one side can be filed at
a time, and the sheep or pigs held a
definite length of time for the dip to
drain from their bodies. The din
passes directly back to the tank. The
platform at the opposite end of the
tank is built two feet from the ground
and supported by posts, which also fur
nish means for making an enclosure
around the platform. The animals ara
driven upon the platform by means OF
an inclined runway.
The Dickinson press., 1912-09-14
USING ANTI-SLIPPING CALKS
Permits Horse to Secure Firm Foot
hold, Especially In Going Over l
Slippery Pavements. :.

IN describing a horseshoe, invented
by A. NJ. H. de Bruycker Of Brooklyn,
N. Y, the Scientific American says:
This inventor provides a horseshoe
provided with detachable a%nti-sippina
devices to permit the horse to obtain
a sure foothold especially when go,
ing over slippery pavements. 10y roads
and the like. Use is made Of anti
slipping ca1ks extending transversely
across the under side OF the shoe and
The Dickinson press., 1912-09-14

OF the different breeds. From this
table it will be seen that the Holsteins
have the lowest test of 3.15 per cent,
the grade Holsteins stand next lowest,
with a test of 1865. The Jerseys have
the highest fat test. which is 5.61 per
cent, and the grade Jerseys the next
highest with 4.6 per cent, while the
Red Polls have an average fat test of
4 per cent.
We may Also be justified in making
a comparison of the net profit pre-.
duced by the pure breds compared
with the grades. The pure breds
have excelled the grades except in
the case of the Red Polls which are
excelled slightly by the grade Jer.
seys. This demonstrates the supe-
riority Of well bred cows over grades
or scrubs, and demonstrates the ad.
visibility of using high grades or pure
BREEDS in preference to acruha.
The Dickinson press., 1912-09-14

By g.. L. MARTIN, Professor Of Dairy
ing. North Dakota Agricultural College.)
The interior arrangement Of the
dairy barn Is quite a matter Of per-
bonal desires. The things to consider
ire sanitation and convenience in ar
rangement of stalls, calf pens. bull
pen, feed bins, silo and milk Dom A
study Of the floor plan in diagram OBJ
may suggest an idea.
One important thing to keep in
mind Is the fact that feeding is the
only work done in front of the COW
and the greater amount Of the work is
done with the 10Y or behind her. In
view Of this 1t is we'll to have as much
space back of the cows as the size of
the barn will allow. There are sew
eral advantages In having the COWS
face toward the walls. This arrange
ment gives nor space between the
rows Of cows which aids in stalling
the COWS or turning them out, pre-
vents spatter1ng of manur against
the walls of the barn, so Is more east
ly kept clean, and is more convenient
In milking, especially where the milk
ing machine Is in use. Another i'm
portant point In favor Of this plan Is
the convenience in disposal Of sew
age. Only n sewage pipe to the
cesspool Is needed 80 is less expensive
and more quickly installed.
The most serious objection to facing
the COWS toward each other is the
danger In spreading tuberculosis from
the breath. When facing out an abun-
dance Of fresh air from the intakes is
always at hand to insure health in the
animals.
r Box Stalls.
A few box stalls are q necessity in
every dairy barn. They are needed
ht calving time, when a COW Is sick
Ind as pens for the calves. The floor
plan shows the size and the location
of box stalls with reference to light.
sanitation and convenience in clean
Ing the stall and caring for the ami
mails. A box stall with the side next
to the alley provided with a calf
stanchion and a low manager may
serve the double purpose for COWS and
for calves where the barn is small
and the animals few.
1t is we'll to keep the bull in a box
stall, and to provide an outdoor pen
In connection for exercise in the open
Is essential to the health and vigor Of
the animal. AS a matter Of safety
and convenience such stalls often are
constructed of plank with gas pipe
bars mex to the alley SO the animal
may be seen and fed without enter
ing the stall,
. Calf Pens.
The necessity and the location of
calf pens in the dairy barn are of
considerable Importance. The calf is
naturally very unsanitary in his habits
and requires especial care. Sunshine
Is an absolute necessity to good sani-
The Dickinson press., 1912-09-14
GOOD SANITATION FOR HOGS
Pigaery Should Be Given Thorough
Cleaning and Walls and Floors
Thoroughly Cleaned.

(By PROF. W. b. RICHARDS. NORTH
Dakota Agricultural Collega.)
It il very essential to take proper
precautions to maintain sanitary con
ditions about the piggery and yards,
The piggery should be given a thor
ough cleaning every spring after the
pigs have been turned to pasture and
the walls and floors thoroughly disin'
fected. A five per cent. solution Of
crude carbolic acid o. any Of the coal
tar dips will prove effective. II the
floors are sprinkled at frequent inter
walls throughout the year. after the
pens receive their daily cleaning. II
may be effective in warding of con
tagious disease. II q hog should die
his carcass should be buried or burn
ed at ono and the pen thoroughly die
infected. i.
Ventilation.
It Is very important to provide
means for ventilation In the piggery
to prevent the accumulation 81
dampness on the walls, which causea
rheumatism. bronchitis, and often
pneumonia. Provision for ventilation
is more necessary In q cold climate
like ours than In warme climates, be
cause the moisture collects readily on
the walls. duo to the cold weather.
Dipping.
Lice are . common menace to pigl
and cause serious loss to the hog
raiser. They are most injurious I'd
young pigs. They are found around
the ears, inside the legs, and about
the TANKS.
These parasites should be eradt
Gated and 1t can be done most success
fully by dipping the whole herd, the
old stock 10 well as the young. The
dipping should be done at Least twice,
at intervals Of ton days. every spring
and fall. A two per cent. solution
1.-TWO parts In every n hundred
parts Of water) of any Of the standard
sheep dips will be found satisfactory in
treating for lice.
It Is constructed by placing q gal
vanized iron tank Of the type on the
market for dipping sheep, with a dip.
ping platform for getting the animals
ready for the vat at the other end. The
tank is eight feet long and three feet
deep, twenty inches wide at the ton
nd fifteen inches wide at the bottom.
Larger sizes may be procured II de.
sired. The draining platform Is two
feet from the ground ct the tank end
E.+4tTe4 5nEr.L 800 EEztsNSHegSM+H
The Dickinson press., 1912-09-14

to make q tank three to four feet ID
diameter and four feet high with al
elbow or it as shown In figure. 4
fire can be built under this elbow
which sets up q circulation and thul
heats the creosote. A similar elbow
could b put onto a barrel. This, how
ever, will not prove quite as durable
and as satisfactory, but it will do thu
work for q while. Rsts are alsd
treated with creosote cold. but Of
course this does not allow 1t to ents]
as deeply as when it IN heated.
Another way that IL often employed
is to put the butt end into the tank Of
heated creosote and when it ID taken
out put the whole post into the cold
creosote. This gives the top Of thd
post a slight treatment.
Another way that is sometimes used
is to paint the creosote onto the post
This. Of course, does not get it on very
thoroughly, but will materially length
en- the life of the post. The point ID
to form a layer Of this creosote
around the post so that the decayina
bacteria cannot get in. That is an,
other reason why it is important that
the post should be thoroughly heated
before being treated as If it is not 1t
will check and through these checks
the bacteria will gain entrance to the
inside Of the post.
Willow wood. being porous, absorba
the creosote very readily. In planting
willows for the purpose Of planting
posts 1t has been found that a good
distance apart to put them Is two feet
apart In rows that are eight feet
apart. They should be cultivated or
mulched as If the grass and weeds ara
allowed to grow freely the growth will
be slow and the trees may even die.
The willow VIII also produce more
wood per ere per rear than any OF
the other trees that can be rown- :.
The Dickinson press., 1912-09-14
AntLsIlppIng Horseshoe.

gaging the outer and inner sides Of
having MISUNDERSTANDING Tugs en-,
the shoe. and transverse ~fastenina
pins extending through the said luga
and through the shoe to fasten thu
ealks in place. The illustration pio,
lures In perspective the shoe as ap,
oiled to the hoof. !.
The Dickinson press., 1912-09-14
Saving by Separation.

A Washington subscriber says that
before he got q farm separator it took
"a pounds Of milk to produce one
pound Of butter. BY the use Of a sep.
orator he made one pound OF butter
but Of II pounds Of milk and saved 50
IA one year.
The Dickinson press., 1912-09-14

to be replaced. and also that the knife
section m ledger plates are not uni
like a pair of shears. and require the
same condition for smooth, easy cut1
ting.
The Dickinson press., 1912-09-14

yield only to be followed by a prac.
teal failure of the seed crop the next
year, even though good hay yields
may be produced. The effects Of 9
sonal variations in rainfall can to a
certain extent be Offset by proper
methods Of planting. cultivation. etc.