davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Raymer enterprise., 1912-07-25
ALFALFA NEEDS MUCH WATER
Experiments Show That II 10 Most
Important to Have Plenty Of
Moisture In the Soil.

North Platte government expert
ments show that 1t Is most important
to accumulate water In the soil before
starting alfalfa, as the plant will use
practically all that falls thereafter.
In the Great Plains region. alfalfa
has shown Its ability to take more
moisture from the soil than any other
plant, bronze grass coming second and
buffalo grass third; oats. wheat. corn
and barley coming respectively next,
though wheat on one occasion led the
corn.
The problem with alfalfa under
good conditions is not so much to get
the stand as to retain It. for II It
does not find water lower down It will
often live two or three years on stored
soil moisture until 1t has exhausted
1t and then die out 1t Is work, how.
ever, considering the great improve
ment 1t has worked In soil conditions.
even under these circumstances. for
1t has filled the subsoil with veget.
able pipe lines which. as they decay.
will carry moisture down beyond the
attraction Of wind and sun and fur
nish plant food where there was little
before, In an available state.
The storage reservoir Of the soil at
North Platte is from four to six feet
for spring grains. and two feet deep.
er for winter cereals. For alfalfa the
depth has not been definitely ascer-
tained. but 1t certainly takes water
to depth Of fifteen feet.
The soil Is capable Of holding is
per cent. Of moisture. and alfalfa can
draw 1t down to s.5 per cent. One
per cent. to depth OF is feet amounts
to 2.5 inches Of water, SO the alfalfa
receives s.5 per cent. or 81 inches Of
water.
These figures show at once the ad.
vantage alfalfa has over other crops
and at the same time Its limitations,
In that 1t can go ahead Of the average
rainfall for term OF years and de-
stroy itself unless It reaches a sub
soil sheet Of water or sub-soil con-
tanning an excess of free water for its
requirements, which Is. fortunately,
often the case. When the alfalfa does
Its own pumping free OF charge It will
have an intermediate dry ground and
yet produce good crops and ceases to
draw SO heavily on the free soil wa.
ter above, reducing the moisture con.
tent to only SIS per cent. instead Of
6.5 per cent.
On account OF its rapid growth, al.
falfa takes great deal OF moisture to
transpire and from its dry content
whose bulk will be governed by the
amount OF water In the soil.
BY good cultural methods water can
be stored In the loan soil to a depth
OF ten to fifteen feet, and where Dor.
ings show plenty Of moisture at such
depth there is great hope OF success,
but IL a dry, impervious bed Is met
by the root beyond their power to
penetrate, they spray out and lose
their penetrative power to go deeper.
This points to the fact that sue.
cessive alfalfa seeding would give
much greater hope Of success than the
first one under unfavorable circum.
stances, which is indeed true Of all
plants where roots have already pene
trated the subsoil. a progression o.
deeper and deeper range becoming
possible.
The Raymer enterprise., 1912-07-25
CBy PROF. l., SwINEY.)

tBy PROF. l.. SWlNEfD
The raising of geese Is necessarily
conducted for the most part on a
small scale. This is due to the re-
qulrements OF the birds with regard
TO range and also to their breeding
habits and the expense connected
with maintaining large establish
ment for rearing them.
Geese are the most homogeneous OF
all domestic fowls, so that It follows
that large number of expensive gan.
ders would be necessary for conduct.
ing the business on any extensive
scale. AS rule ganders mate with
only two or three, rarely four, geese.
Geese require extensive range. They
thrive on green pasturage and water.
even without the addition OF other
food to their diet. 1t Is practically
impossible to rear goslings without a
liberal supply OF green vegetable food.
such as clover. roots. cabbage, etc.
Geese have no crops, like hens, and
turkeys, and as result they require
more soft feed, and food should be
given at more frequent intervals,
Geese do not become fully mature
until the second or third season. and
good results of breeding should not
be expected from younger birds.
Under favorable conditions they
live to an extremely old age. fire.
Uuently ranging from 80 to 10 years,
and instances are recorded where
they have exceeded 100 years Of age,
Good geese may be proftably kept
for breeding purposes until % years OF
age. but ganders should not be kept
past years. They should then be
replaced by younger birds.
Two common breeds Of geese, the
Embden and Toulouse. are descended
from the Graylag goose OF Europe
and the brown and white China geese
are thought to have descended from
the wild goose Of Asia.
A great improvement in weight has
been accomplished during domestIca.
ton, the Wild geese OF Europe weigh
Ing usually about ten pounds, while
the weight OF 35 pounds has been at
tained by domestic geese.
The wild Canada goose is easily do
mcsticated. and the ganders mate
with domestic geese. The crosses thus
obtained are known as mongrels and
ere sterile. They are very highly
prized in the market and bring larger
prices than any other geese. The
rearing Of the wild Canada goose or
Its crosses Is accomplished with con.
siderable difficulty. and can only be
accomplished after some experience.
In breeding mongrels. one Wild
gander should be mated with n single
The Raymer enterprise., 1912-07-25
Cultivate Growing Crop.

Under semi.arid conditions. cult.
vntion Is OF prime importance In pre-
venting the loss OF moisture. as has
already been explained. In addition,
cultivation Is OF great value In kill.
ing weeds. and In getting air into the
soil. The oxygen OF the air is neces.
sary for the proper growth Of the
roots. and for the support OF Ger.
tain bacteria which work upon nitro
gen for the use OF the plant II used
to be saying that cultivation is
manure" This statement today will
hardly pass muster, but by conserv.
ing soil moisture and by llberating
plant food. the cultivation OF the
crop accounts for wonderful in.
crease In plant growth.
The Raymer enterprise., 1912-07-25
MADE BIG PROFIT FOR STATE
Purely Business Argument for the Es-
tabiishment Of Sanltorlums for
tho tuberculosis.

According to figures contained in the
annual report Of DR.. H. L. Barnes, su-
perintendent Of the Rhode Island state
sanitorium. the earnings Of the ex-
patients OF that institution during the
year 1911 would amount to over $780,
900. This is a sum three times as
large as that spent each year for main
tenance OF the institution, including
four per cent. interest and deprecia-
ton charges.
The actual earnings in 1911 of ITO
ex-patients were obtained by DR..
Barnes. These ranged from 81 to
s3l per week. the total earnings for
the year amounting to sl02,752. On
this basis, DR.. Barnes computes the
figures above given. He says. how
ever: while institutions for the cure
of tuberculosis are good investments,
there is good reason for thinking that
institutions for the isolation Of far
advanced cases would be still better
Investments
Out Of a total Of 46,450 hospital days
treatment given. 39.147. or S4 per
cent. were free. the treatment costing
the state on an average 5000 per pa.
tient. Out Of the 1873 free cases investi-
gated. Sc had no families and no in
come on admission to the sanitorium.
Out Of 1872 patients having homes, the
number in the family averaged 5.2, and
the average family earnings were
SAG. In So cases the families had no
income. and in only Ave cases were
there any savings, none OF which
amounted to as much as 500.
The Raymer enterprise., 1912-07-25
Better Than a Good Rain.

While Il has not been found posi-.
Bile TO make II rain. something even
better has been discovered. and that
Is that the moisture can be bottled
up In the soil. When soil is full OF
moisture, as in the spring, the evap.
Grafton is rapid. II the soil Is com.
pact, amounting TO about an inch q
week. By stirring the surface. thus
forming soil mulch, this evapora.
tion is stopped and that moisture
saved In the soil This is better than
a good rain in the growing season and
It has the further advantage OF warm.
ing up the soil.
The Raymer enterprise., 1912-07-25
Pittsburq chlvaIry.

What's going on here?" demanded
a man as he came upon two little boys
battling in a vacant lot on the South
side. The lad who was on top was
rubbing weeds over the face Of the un-
der one.
Stop It," said the man, grabbing the
victor by the neck and pulling him
away. What In the world are you
trying to do to his face with those
weeds?"
DO? Why, he swore in front Of
some girls, and l rubbed some smart.
weed in his eyes to become great
man like Abraham Lincoln. Pitts.
burg Sun.
The Raymer enterprise., 1912-07-25
Too Eager.

Fred Poyner, Chicago dentist, was
recently at banquet given by the
Dental association.
He said: ION one side Is the right
Of things and on the other is wrong;
sometimes the difference between the
two Is slight. As the following story
shows: A gypsy upon release from
jail met friend. What were you in
for?' asked the friend.
81 found horse the gypsy re-
piled.
Found a horse? Nonsense! They.
would never put you In jail for finding
horse
"'Well, but you see found him
before the owner lost him."
The Raymer enterprise., 1912-07-25
Voice Of Conscience.

A western Kentucky negro was in
Jail awaiting trial for stealing a calf.
His wife called to see him. On her
way out the jailer. whose name was
Grady, halted her.
MANDY" he inquired. have you
got lawyer for Jlm?"
mo, sah," said his wife. "Ef Jim
was guilty I'd git him a lawyer right
away; but he tells me he amt guilty,
and SO, Of co'se, l amt amin to hire
none"
"Mr. Grady" came a voice from the
cells above, you tell dat niger WON.
an down thar to git a lawyer-and
git a dam good one. too!"-Saturday
Evening Post.
The Raymer enterprise., 1912-07-25
Excellent Plan,

II see," said Mrs. De Jones. while
Mrs. Van lyle was calling. that you
have a Chinese chauffeur. Do you
and him satisfactory"
Hes perfectly fine" said Mrs. Van
lyle. ITO begin with, his yellow cum.
plexion is such that at the end OF a
long. dusty ride he doesn't show any
spots. and then when am out in my
limousine l have his pigtail stuck
through little hole In the plate-glass
window. and I use 1t as a sort Of bell
rope to tell him where to stop
Harper's Weekly.
The Raymer enterprise., 1912-07-25
To Protect the Flowers.

Edelweiss and other characteristic
Swiss flowers are said to be In dan
ger OF total extinction because OF the
craze Of tourists for collecting them.
Women tourists especially are always
anxious to take away souvenirs in
the way OF plant, and do not simply
pull the flowers, but dig up the plant.
It is proposed to introduce law that
will prevent the buying, selling or dig.
ging Of edelweiss, fire lily, Siberian
spring crocus, Alpine columbine. the
Daphne, Alpine violet or other M
tional flower.
The Raymer enterprise., 1912-07-25
Poultry Equipment.

The equipment required to operate
a poultry department on a dry.farm
need not be very large. All appliances
should be as simple as possible. The
less machinery about q poultry yard
the better It will be. Drinking pans.
feed hoppers. nest boxes and 90 on
should bs as simple a. possible.
The Raymer enterprise., 1912-07-25
Her Affection, pampened.

A little girl was playing at the
table with her cup Of water. Her IA
ther took the cup from her and in
SO doing accidentally spilled some Of
the water on her.
There" she cried. as she left the
table Indignantly. you wet me clear
20 my feelings" s."-Everybody's Maga.
zine.
The Raymer enterprise., 1912-07-25
Can't Afford To.

Friend-You and your husbaTd
seem to be getting on we'll together
just now. | thought you had quar-
relied.
Wife-Can't do that these days
when our dresses fasten down the
back.
The Raymer enterprise., 1912-07-25

When He Can't 30 Overlooked.
Somehow or other we never take
much notice Of the coming man till he
gets there.
The Raymer enterprise., 1912-07-25
The Poultry House.

II the poultry.house Is overcrowded.
kill on some Of the older birds. Keep
stocked up with young. thrifty layers.
The Raymer enterprise., 1912-07-25
People who are thrifty are apt to
get reputation for being stingy.

Many girl strives to make a name
for herself rather than attempt to
make loaf Of bread.
The Raymer enterprise., 1912-07-25
Persuasion.

What made Mr.. Chuggins buy an
automobile?"
His wife persuaded him by calling
his attention to the economy OF hav.
ing gasoline on hand to clean gloves
with."-Washington Star.
The Raymer enterprise., 1912-07-25

No man Is so dull that he can't
make a bore OF himself.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12
Public Sale

In order to make settlement I
have been appointed Agent to sell
property of P. w. Zaner, and will
sell same at public auction. on
TUESDAY, SEPT. ~, 1912
On the VIM. Baylor farm, two
and one-half miles north OF Extra.
Iowa
Sale beginning at 10 O'Clock a..
m. the following described property:
8 Head Of Cattle
Consisting Of s mich COWS. one
fresh. balance Fresh in March and
April; spring calves; one small
calf.
38 Head of Hogs
Consisting If 6 brood sows and
80 shoats.
lead OF Horses
Consis. II bay team Geld
ings, ano G years old, weighing
$500 pounds; one Grey Gelding,
6 years old, weight 1900 pounds;
/ Bay Gelding, 70 years old, weight
1850 pounds; black mare. 8
years old weight about 1000 pounds
q good single driver and saddler;
1 spring colt
IS Acres Corn in Field.
500 bushels oats In bin. so
bushels timothy seed. IL tons hay.
Household Goods
Majestic Range; beds complete;
cupboard; X tcten cabinet; chairs:
tables, etc.
Implements and Harness
New Mccormick 8 foot binder;
McC ormick mower; Galloway man.
ure spreader; 14-inch gang
pillow; 1 16inch walking plow; 1
riding cultivator; Jenny Lind
cultiyator; lumber wagon; ]
spring wagon; 2 sets harness; ]
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12
For Quick Sale

Eighty acres improved farm at
$50 per acre. Sixty-five acres pillow
land; fifteen acres pasture. House.
16x24; IA tt. posts with kitchen IA
x14, 10 #. pcss.. Barn 80 by AZ;
room for five horses and ten cows
IL or Is Observation-Disclosures
and - OF Is tens of hay. Corn
crib. hen house. machine shed and
good new fence. One Of the finest
orchards in southern Iowa. Terms
to suit purchaser. Will carry back
three OF four thousand on place at
S LIZ percent for five years. For
particulars call pn or write
n. B. DRAPER,
Atlantic. Iowa
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12
A Mistake

There is no truth in the state
ment that am going to put the
Davis Sewing Machine in my school.
/ was one of the first in our coun-
ty to purchase a Davis machine. /
was no: pleased and sold 1T.
have four machines. two Frees
and am we'll pleased with them. The
girls all rush for the Free
Machine.
MRS. j. B. CONNRARDY
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12
For Sale

A farm. about 10S acres. Fine
soil. mostly level, practically all
under cultivation. Fine young Or
chard, good improvements. well
fenced. 3 1-2 miles from two towns
in Cass County. Iowa. Must sell
to satisfy some OF heirs. Price un-
til September Isl, s125 per acre.
Terms. Address G. A, care OF
Journal.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12
Closing Out Public Sale

Wishing to close out my stock, ma
chinery, etc., will offer the following
property at public auction on my farm
8 miles north Of Extra and 21a miles
east and 3 miles south OF Hamlin. The
farm is known rs the old Frank Beers
farm. Sale begins at l: 80 D. m. on
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER l6, 1872
Head Of Horses Consisting of l
team, . bay and . black, 5 and 8 years
old respectively, weight about 24Oo
bay mare in foal, 10 years old, weight
1000; black horse years old, weight
1850.
3 Head Of cattle-3 good nilch COWS
3 years old.
20 Head Of Hogs Consisting of Po-
land China sows and IA head of
shOats,
Farm Machinery
Consisting of DeLavel cream separ-
stor; new charter oak wagon; truck
wagon; hay rack; Parlin corn planter;
4 section harrow; John Deere Stag IA
in. pillow, good % new; top buggy,
good as new; Keystone mower; cutter:
corn sheller; Jenny Lind cultivator;
set II in. Concord harness; set II inch
work harness, also 35 acres Of corn in
field; 1 acres Of potatoes; some good
timothy hay in barn; 100 bushels of
oats and l stack of clover hay; many
other articles too numerous to men ton
Terms: All sums Of $40 and under,
each; over that amount IL months
time will be given without interest
If paid when due, otherwise per cent
from date, per cent off for cash. Pur-
chaser giving note with approved
security. No goods to be removed
until settled for.
ARTHUR CHRISTENSEN,
Roy Jones, Aucsioneer.
A. w. Harvey, Clerk.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12
Taxes Are Due

The last half of the yearly taxes
is due and must be paid before Oc-
tober LIST to avoid penalty. The Trea,
surer's Office is quite busy place
today. many persons calling to
pay their transatlantic News-Tel-
egraph
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12
Notice

We have Q few farms listed for
sale at bargain prices and on terms
that cannot be duplicated else
where. We do not list farms for
sale that are not worth the money.
Call on us and let us show you. 4
McANINCH & HARVEY.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12
Found

Some bacon and candy on the
Catholic church steps last Saturday
evening. Owner can have same by
proving property and paying for
this notice. The finder can iden-
tify the owners very easily. 50 pleas
call for the groceries as soon as
possible. Inquire at Journal Office.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Miss Decker Of Burlington re-
turned to her home Saturday, after
a two weeks visit with the Conn
rardy's. Miss Decker enjoyed our
wooded city and made many warm
friends here.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Miss Irene Porter went down near
Adair Sunday evening to attend the
funeral OF he.- friend, Miss Nora
Schwennekcr. which was held Mon
day afternoon at $3.50 O'Clock.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12
Found

A can Of fish, one sack of crack
ers and three bottles of beer. near
the John Nielsen residence. Ownsr
can have same by proving property
and paying for this notice. Inquire
at journal Office.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Mr.. Fred Reynolds is building a
large residence on his farm in
Greeley township. The building is
1928 feet, two stories high. with
the latest improvements.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

MT. George Gore went to Allan.
tic Sunday to meet hiswife and
family who we're coming home from
South English Iowa, where they had
been visiting. They failed to come
30 it is reported that George re-
turned home and entertained few
OF his friends in the evening.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12
Found

A gold watch fob, near the Green
Bay Lumber Office. Owner can
have same by proving property and
paying for this notice. Call at the
Journal Office.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Anna Dorr OF Sioux City arrived
In our city Monday evening to
spend a few days among friends and
attend to business matters.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Misses Mae Kelly OF Ottawa, IL
linois. and Nella Farrell of Anita
drove from Anita Monday MORN
dng on business, returning to that
town in the evening. Miss Kelly
is visiting few weeks with rela-
tives at the Farrell home in that
city.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Mr.. Seibert visited from Saturday
until Tuesday, last week, in Omaha
with his daughter and husband
Mr.. and Mrs. Postan.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Hans Petersen and family and
Abel Stone and family visited al
the Chris Petersen home, southeast
Of town, last Sunday.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Mr.. ]. W. Peterman, the violin
man, came down from Audubon last
Saturday and visited until Monday
with his wife and daughter in this
city.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Margaret Marcussen Of Elkhorn IDS
a new pupil in the Dressmaking
School. Agnes Christensen and Oh
ga Gjerloff are assisting Mrs. Conn
rardy teach.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Miss Ida woodruff went to Coun-
Gil Bluffs. last Thursday, to assist
with the household duties at the
Mrs. DR.. Jackson home.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Brayton defeated Extra at Bray
ton last Sunday to the tune of
to 4. Outside Of one or two de-
cisions the boys were well pleased
with their treatment. The Boost
ers claim Brayton played one OF
the best games they had witnessed
this season.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12
Notice

My books have been left at the
First National Bank for collection.
Persons owing me will please call
there and pay at earliest possible
moment.
c. v. HANSEN
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

John, Arnold and Leon Hay visite
IN Atlantic from Friday until Sun
day with their uncle and aun: Mr..
and Mrs Lester Peterman,
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Mrs. T. c. Hawks received the
first priza of SO for being the old
est settler in Audubon County at
the Old Settlers Picnic at Audubon
on the 21st OF August.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Four good farms close to Brayton
at reasonable price and easy term
Call and see, or phone
N. LARSON
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Miss Lena Larson returned to her
home in Chicago. Thursday of last
week, after a five weeks visit with
her sister, Mrs. Nels Hansen. and
other relatives.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

VIM. Fulton, who is working il
Atlantic with Lester Peterman, Wis
tied from Saturday until Monda,
with his wife in this city.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Mr.. F. S. Speaker came over from
Harlan last Friday on business con-
nected with the Harlan College, re-
turning home Saturday.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Mr.. Frans Leffingwel'. son AL
win, and crew has been working thu
past few weeks on the Covault farm
near Mort. branch, putting cement
sidewalks ID. MIR. Alvin was 1.-The
man with tha hoe'.''
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Hugh Smith and family visited
; Sunday at the George Hunt home,
north of town.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Miss Anna Petersen entered the
Ninth Grade in the High School,
last Monday.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Mr.. j. B. Randleman purchased al
E. NJ. F. automobile, tho first OF
this week.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Miss Ellowene Dimick went to
Brayton Monday afternoon to visit
friends, returning home Tuesday.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Farms for sale ON asy terms.
Call ON ]. B. j. Lohner. tt
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Mr.. Dan Rich and mother re-
turned home after few weeks Wis
1t in Western Colorado with their
daughter and sister.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Born to Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Wah.
lert of near this city, Sunday morn.
ing, September 9th, a baby boy
Mother and babe are doing nicely.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Miss Veda Minerman visited from
Saturday until Sunday at the home
Of her friend, Miss Hattie Wright
at the Park Hotel.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Mr.. and Mrs. Chris Kirk and the
latter's mother, Mrs. N. Aagaard
visited with relatives and friends in
our city Tuesday of last we .k.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

John Mi;,er and wife moved into
the John Nelson properly south of
the Park Hotel, one day last week.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

oluf Jensen, wife and family, Wis
tied Sunday at the home of his
sister, Mrs. Peter Guide, and hus-
band in West Extra.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-09-12

Miss Marr;ce Jensen was report
ed quite i'll. the first of this week.