davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1912-09-01

women how to manage their homes"
Our grandmothers were the best of
housekeepers when clubs and culinary
departments were unknown except in
their own kitchens, and under the able
guidance OF their mothers l bow to this
verdict. but we face q new condition.
Women as rule do not know how to get
the best out of their homes. They do not
know how to cook properly. how to follow
the rules of sanitation. and think it is a
good deed to teach them.
Such has been the decision of a large
division of the Chicago Womens Club,
and We organized several years ago
school of domestic training. In fact, we
have now several schools OF this sort, and
We are encouraged beyond expression
by the success OF our work. Why women
need such training Is obvious. If we con-
slider modern conditions among the poor.
Chicago is very large, overcrowded
city. nlled with all nationaMties, each
with a different idea Of housekeeping.
Those who know Washington only cannot
conceive the widely diverging aspects OF
philanthropic effort here and In such CEN
ters as New York and the great growing
cities of the west and middle west. Still
i believe that such schools as we con-
duct could be opened here with infinite
advantage to all
Our public schools have done much
toward turning feminine attention to
housekeeping as an exact scientific study.
This groundwork is immensely helpful,
but naturally the instruction Is rudi-
mentary. Our schools are for actual
homekeepers. We open them as occa-
sion and means permit in neighborhoods
where they promise to attract patron
age. A fee is charged monthly, but 1t ia Of
modest proportions. and all those who
really desire to learn scientific housekeep-
ing will not be discouraged by the cost OF
the course. We aim to teach inexperienced
girls who marry from stores and fRcto-
ries. Nearly all the girls In the poorer
families go to work In their early teens.
Their domestic knowledge comes from q
few rudimentary lessons Sundays or holi-
days and 10 insufficient to make . girl
capable Of conducting even tho least pre-
tentioas home. We take IN every topic
which ID related directly or through sug-
gestions with the idea Of making . hap
by home. We teach young women how
to care for thsir health, how 10 CONSERVE
their strength, how to make their means
60 In the best channels, how TO buy. what
to bury. how to cook. how to clean and
often how to sew, darn and mend. Some
Evening star., 1912-09-01
For Comforts Sake.

uLow'S business?" inquired the fat
! man. as he dropped heavily in the
BARRIERS chair and called for shave.
Great" answered the knight or the
razor. Perhaps you don't know that
We do nearly twice as much business In
summer as We do In winter"
"How's that?" asked the fat man, set.
tllng back with a sigh OF comfort, az
the cool lather touched his face.
"well, take yourself. for instance. You
don't need a shave I'll make bet that
you had a razor on your face not later
than three hours ago. Wnat 40 you
want with another shave when you don
require TT" -,
Never thought you'd get wise. I've
been walking around In the sun ana feit
hot and tired. Somehow shave seems
to cool me on
i'That's 1t exactly. We do a great deal
OF business during the summer months
with people who just want to be cool.
A man hustles about all day until he
becomes tired out. He can come In here
and reciine beneath the electric rams
while the barber applies the cold towels
To his face and go out feeling q hundred
ner cent better. He feels like a new
man. Peculiar part about II, though, IL
that the man believes that the barber 10
fooled into thinking that no really needs
n shave. Each one also thinks that he
il the only one In the habit OF getting a
shave when hs docs not need IL. He's
n hit ashamed OF his weakness and keeps
IL to himself. Oh, there's lots Of them.
Next gentleman
Evening star., 1912-09-01
STUDENTS DoRr11roRHs
IN, ONE OF Our UNIvLRs1TEs FOR .rEN

keeper have finished their days work
they all remain men and women alike.
If a college education can enrich their
lives and add to the joy of living, then
it should be the heritage of one as much
as of another"
I'm what special fields of endeavor is
the demand for college graduates grow
ing?"
''In all departments Of life. A study of
any list of men now enjoying prominence
in the United States or Europe shows
very clearly the value Of a college edu-
cation today. For example, there has
been issued this summer a new edition
of a standard biographical directory Of
notable living men and women of the
United States. 1t furnishes educational
data concerning 1888 individuals who
are in high official position. who are con-
nected with exclusive learned societies
and who have achieved special promi-
nence in creditable lines Of effort. OF
these, considerably more than half (5S
per cent? are college graduates and near
~ three-fourths III per cent? have had
college training. There are but 10 per
cent who have had only common school
education. while only forty-three out Of
each thousand Qess than a half Of per
cent? have been self-taught. The lesson
in these figures. therefore, is that the col
loo times as much chance of becoming
notable as the citizen who has not been
10 college. and more than $50 times as
much chance as the citizen whose edu-
cation has stopped at the common school
So much for the colleges advantage in
making one notable"
What about earning power How
does the college affect that"
1T is as easy to give figures answering
that also. showing that college training
increases the earning power OF a man or
woman In all departments of economic
and industrial life. Thus q recent study
of one hundred Of the weaithiest men in
the United States. made for the Ameri-
can Educational Review, leads the inves-
ugator to the conclusion that college
education increases a mans chance of
succeeding in business and becoming rich.
-1 fold. One of our we'll known technical
colleges lately collected reliable statistics
concerning the annual earnings of grad
uates who had been out In the world only
ten years. 1t was discovered that the
average member of the class was receiv-
ing 81, 1O1 a year. that 10 per cent of the
members were earning from 5000 to
$4,000 and nearly five per cent from
$4,000 to $4,000. Only two Of these men
were receiving less than $1,000.
Take the farmer for example. Figures
gathered and tabulated some time ago
show that of a large group of men en-
gagged n practical farming. those who
attended the district school receive an
Evening star., 1912-09-01

time lost to argue about conditions fifty
or seventy-fve years ago. Times have
changed and the women OF the country
have to get together to meet the new de-
mands. No one will argue that an in
credible demand for good cooks is making
the welkin ring. In Chicago we are
trying to produce them and we would
advise the women Of other communities
who have not already done SO to follow
our suggestions. We say that the same
amount of flour and material is consumed
making a poor and unwholesome loaf OF
bread as in one which is a JOY to eat
and which is in reality a staff Of life. We
propose to show all who do not know how
to make good bread. how to choose good
meat, then how to prepare it. these home
ly truths too long forgotten
Mrs. Evans remained in Washington
we'll into the summer and then departed
for the summer home near Lake Geneva
Evening star., 1912-09-01

All avenues OF ART. industry and profess
sional usefulness are open to women. In
the Chicago Club. OF which ! am happy to
have been charter member. We dip into
all topics which might interest human
ity and make the members more en-
lightened, contented and OF more value to
their homes and the. community. We have
art. science, literature. all those allied
new themes which may be gathered un-
der the head OF social studies. i have
dipped into all. but as one must specialize
to have study of use to yourself or any
one else, / have selected the housekeeping
department as my particular division OF
work. / consider the knowledge OF how
10 conduct home. intelligently, economi-
cally and with resultant comfort and ease
to Its Inhabitants. Is the best sort of learn
Ing woman can acquire.
But am frequently confronted with the
question. why Is II necessary to teach
Evening star., 1912-09-01

other women in different parts of the
country. In every community the prob
lem Is different. The welfare depart
ment organized among the wives of sena-
tors and members Of Congress this spring
will prove Of vast Importance. Much
misconception Of our ideas went abroad
We organized merely for our own en-
lightenment, and to get reciprocal lines
not to take charge OF anything here in
Washington. 1t was excellent to hear
women from the north. the south, the
Pacific coast, the states along the Gulf
OF Mexico tell of their needs and how
they met their problems. 1t was a valued
interchange Of thought, and 1 know that
we will all profit by the experiment That
few women shirk their responsibility is
my experience.
THE best and quickest methods are
worth studying and those which present
best and most enduring results. 1t is
Evening star., 1912-09-01

Prof. p. q. Holden by his discoveries in
the science of testing seed corn has added
tens of millions of dollars to the value Of
he does not receive even a small per cent
OF this for his discovery. Babcock has
added millions of dollars to the dairy
products of the country by his invention
of the milk tester, for which he received
no money. Alexander Graham Bell by
the invention and Improvement OF the
Bell telephone has added much more to
the wealth Of the country as whole
than he has ever received in royalties or
dividends Billions of dollars have been
added to the wealth of both Europe and
America by the discoveries of Pasteur
whose pay for his scientific achievements
and their practical application was lin
tied to very few thousands. 1t would
be easy to mention thousands of college
men and women who have added to the
wealth Of the world many times more
than they have ever received for their
services. Indeed, men and women of
this kind take special delight in render
for the same. In SO far as society is
built on intelligence and culture, in pro-
portion that it is made better by sweet
ness and light. college education every
where ministers to its progress.
Probably since the days of the
prophets and the beginning Of Christian
ity no stronger force for morality has
Evening star., 1912-09-01

ing some of my leisure hours last win
ter. / visited the National Museum very
often and nothing engrossed me more
than the room where fine laces and
sewing and embroideries are on exhi-
bition. There is display of fine sew
ing done by American women In the
first quarter Of the national independ-
ence. that is from about 1890 until
about 1915. This was when the war
clouds had rolled past and the 1adie es
of the period had some opportunity to
indulge In that natural passion for
dainty linens and lingerie. Such web
like laces and intricate embroidery as
may be seen, done on the softest Of
home-spun linen for blouses. necker-
chiefs, aprons, and for other feminine
Evening star., 1912-09-01

Representative Evans joined her few
days ago. Neither expects TO return
until the early part of December Lovely
flowers bloomed i'm every available spot
of the Evans apartment, and dainty bits
OF embroidery showed that for Mrs.
Evans fine sewing Is not lost art. Books
and fine engravings added the home toucn
and furnished a suggestion Tor her fans.
Readfng is a favorite pastime, but like
all newcomers to Washington. Mrs
Evans has not adjusted herself 30 the
varying demands on her time and endur-
ance and she has found scant time lot
her books. Next winter. she proposes 10
establish her own home and to distribute
her time more equally. Mrs. Evans
found many friends in Washington ana
she was extensively entertained not only
i'm the official set, but by the large resi-
dent colony from Chicago. which makes
Washington a winter home.
Evening star., 1912-09-01

should like to see that love of home
made finery return and that desire to
make ourselves and our homes as
dainty and as pretty as our time will
permit
Mrs Evans was quite active socially
in Washington last winter and spring.
but her devotion to her helf-appointed
task was apparent at all times.
In the Chicago schools and many
conducted in New York and other
cities scores Of pupils must be taken
gratis and the deficit edged out in
some other direction. One important
step is the increasing number Of do
mestic science courses which are an
nounced in state universities and in
feminine colleges and other seats OF
learning.
In the schools for higher learning in
the west and middle west. Mrs. Evans
finds that housekeeping is getting
more and more attention and she sees
the time near at hand when the prob
lem of high living. incompetent ser
wants or none will lose it's poignancy.
Personally Mrs. Evans Is most attrac-
tive and has received much social atten-
ton. She is native Of her home city
and is the daughter of one of its pioneer
and highly esteemed citizens. the late
Thomas f. W1throw. Her mother was
Miss Jennie Goodwin, also a native Chi
cagoan, and well known socially and for
her work along philanthropic lines. Mrs.
Evans was educated In her home schools.
and later studied in Des Moines and New
York. Decidedly literary in her predilec-
tons. she was an early member of the
Fortnightly. an organization which has
established reputation for discernment
and intelligent conception OF literature.
She is still an appreciative member OF
this society, but she gives every spare
moment to the active work of the home
keeping department OF the Chicago club.
Her work in this direction has been far
from local. and she has received natter-
ins recognition OF its value. She was Sc
lected for the chairrnanahip OF the home
makers section in the American National
Economic Association. the leading or
ganisation Of this kind in the country.
She still retains this chair1nanship. and
has performed the labors connected with
it regularly and with unfagging zeal.
II have found absorbing interest,"" Mrs.
Evans explained, "in looking into labor
reports and IN studying the work Of
Evening star., 1912-09-01

annual income of only $s1S: those who
stopped at the high school, or it's equiva-
lent, $622; those who attended college or
a university, $S47. These statistics further
show that, regardless of his capital, the
educated farmer secures a larger income
for his labor than the uneducated tiller
of the SOIL OF those investigated, the
class with 5000 capital or under enjoy
an average income OF $1s7. II they have
had only district schooling. but 1886 II
they have had more education, and that
those with 81 900 to So 600 capital earn an
average of 1898 IL educated only In the
district school, $466 IL more highly edu-
Gated. And SO it goes all the way doWn n
the table The farmer with from $1,000
to $4,000 capital earns less than hair as
much IL he has stopped at the district
school as he earns If he has gone hgher
..In all the industries there is grow
technical education and training to I'LL
positions of scientific and expert dlrec-
tion. and the salaries paid to these col
lege graduates are large compared Win
those paid to men and women In POSI-
.tions not requiring so high a standard OF
education. Those who wish to become
employers or directors of other WORK
ers need the college. Those who are sat
isfled to remain only among the employed
and the directed will not find college
training SO essential.
Many large railroads now demand
college education as qualification for
their special apprentices the class of
young men from whose numbers the fu-
ture officials of the road are to he re-
cruited In most Of the roads that have
adopted this system. notably the Penn
sylvania railroad, there is now no chance
for a young man to become an official OF
the most important departments Unless he
has been college-trained.
x
Modern engineering of all kinds now
demands men with general education of
a high degree as well as specific technical
training. Not only the railway engineer.
but the electrical engineer. the hydraulic
engineer, the scientific chemist, the large
contractor-all must have such education
If they would be assured Of any degree
of success This is true in spite OF the
fact that the degree of civil engineer was
never conferred in any English-speaking
country until 1S35-less than eighty years
ago-when given by our Troy University,
and that the degrees of mechanical, cleo
trical and mining engineer did not come
until several decades later in those ear
ler days the college man on great en-
gineering works was counted theoretical
and was everywhere met by the predic-
tion of ultimate failure. But the prob
lens of engineering grew SO complex that
they called into play scientific method.
The rLle-of-thumb man, who built his 10
comotives on the 'cut-and-try' plan, soon
found the factor OF guess and uncer-
tainty far too great. Fact had to t~ke
Evening star., 1912-09-01

HIS Is the age OF
women. said Mrs.
l. y n d e II Evans,
shortly before her
d ture from
Washington for her
summer home at
Lake Geneva, "and
ii must be comfort
ing for all mankind
To note how we are
striving To meet
our responsibilities.
Evening star., 1912-09-01

CHE Is Among the Recent
~ Additions to Official So
ciety-Is One of the Charter
Members of the Chicago Club
and Is at Present One of the
Active Workers in the Home
makers Section-Was Before
Her Marriage to Representa-
tive Evans, Miss BONNER
Winthrow. Daughter of the
Late Thomas F. Winthrow
of Chicago.
m
Evening star., 1912-09-01

A VISE E D by Govern
Z ! ment's Highest Author
ity on Education-Ofers a
Wealth of Practical Advice
as to Advisability of Send
ing Both Girls and Boys to
College-Gives Figures Show
ing How College Affects
Earning Powers in Vapous
Walks of Life-Earnings of
College-bred Farmers Com
pared With Others of Same
Capital-A Study of Careers
of Over $1,000 Successful
Americans Shows Extent of
College Training as Factor in
Achievement-Its Compare
tive Influence in Placing Men
in Different Official Positions
Its Effect Upon Matri-
monial Prospects of Women
To What Glasses Is It a
Useless Luxury?
Evening star., 1912-09-01

times We get pupils, willing and intelli
gent, who are ignorant OF everything l
have enumerated
1T would be rather tedious to go
through details Of our course. But We
teach a woman everything she should
know in the series of demonstrations.
All work has to be actually performed in
the course. Our cooking course has proven
very remunerative. The schools conduct
luncheon rooms in connection with nor
NAL or high school and they are fast get
ting q vogue. Economy is the main idea
Of teaching scientific cooking. and we find
that wholesome food may be prepared
and served daintily for figures far below
the usual caterers price for similar
articles. Food is so costly that the poor
man and his wife must economize, and
part Of our mission is to show how good,
wholesome food may be obtained for the
minimum price.
Then we have more ambitious courses,
and these are for those who wish to be-
come professional in some department. 1t
will surely be good news for the rank and
file of American housekeepers to learn
that in the past two or three years we
have prepared many young girls who had
decided to take domestic positions instead
of going into shops or factories. Some
show a high grade Of talent. and they
can get compensation far in excess OF
the usual clerk or even typist or short
hand writer as housekeepers in big es-
Establishments or actual cooks in others.
We hope to raise the standard of cook
ing in Chicago, to make a science which
must be known perfectly before any one
claiming it can get position. But we
do not as a rule care SO much for those
who are training to be cooks as We do
for those who are to manage their homes.
There is where our valuable work Is. and
IL we discourage young couples from
boarding instead Of grasping the home
keeping problem in the beginning of life,
we have done a worthy work.
I'VE have recently added fine sew
ing. dressmaking and millinery to
our courses and our instructors are
the best to be found In the professions.
As in cookery. though we teach those
who wish to take up the accomplish
ment for Q livelihood, We prefer pu-
pills who have their own homes and
take the lessons merely to add TO their
sfhciency In the domestic line Dur.
Evening star., 1912-09-01
SWr1MNG .HOOt
In A Girls COLLEGE

come into the life Of tire world than the
modern scientific spirit. Conduct based
on the recognition of the eternal verities
is of much higher moral character than
that based on prejudice. superstition and
the ideas Of chance and arbitrary will.
College education fosters this spirit and
gives to its possessor large measure of
scientific knowledge"
Are opportunities for poor youths to
work their way through college increas-
ing?"
Yes. Everywhere They serve in
dining rooms as walters; they make
money as stenographers and typewriters:
they attend to electric lighting machinery,
heating plants, etc, to earn their college
expenses. During the summer they are
to be found working in the hotels on the
railroads and on the boats. At agricul-
tural and mechanical colleges many of
pertinent stations. At the University
of Cincinnati there is an arrange
ment by which engineering students
work half their time in the shops. on the
railroads and elsewhere, for which service
they receive pay sufficient to defray their
expenses In the university.
Poor boys and girls are finding that
college education is being rapidly brought
more and more within their reach by the
rapid increase of private bequests and
public appropriations made to our col
leges In many Of the state universities
and the state agricultural and mechanical
colleges the tuition is entirely or approx
mately free. and education in other insti-
tutions costs much less than the same
kind of education could possibly cost
without these large endowments.
The cost of attendance at college now.
including board, clothing, lodging and
other living expenses. may be greater
than it was twenty years ago. but in
that time the cost of living has increased
everywhere. The type of education, es-
pecially in technical subjects now given
in most institutions would be impossible
without the large and costly equipments
provided by bequests. About l.. 500 Amer
ican scholarships and fellowships offer
young men and women free tuition. and
in many cases their living expenses and
something more The great majority of
these scholarships and fellowsh.ps have
been made possible by private bequests.
The fear that appropriations of public
funds and private bequests, by which our
institutions of higher learning are made
very rich as compared with their condi-
ton several years ago. will pauperize the
young men and women is. however,
groundless. Tuition fees paid by our col
lege students now amount to approx
mately $4,000 600, an average of 800
for each student. In addition to this,
Evening star., 1912-09-01

PPERMOSr in tens
Of thousands OF
parental minds this
September morning
Is the question:
Shall we send
our young hopeful
to college?"
And inasmuch as
advice on no other
subject can just
now be as welcome
to fathers and
Evening star., 1912-09-01

adornments. There are few women
living now who could enter q competi-
ton for fine sewing and embroidery
with these dear and lovely women
whose deft fingers could also weave
the homely necessariea Of soldiers
wardrobe. There are christening robes
which are really the text for a sermon
on industry. ana I should like all
American women to examine this ex-
hibit whenever opportunity offers.