davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1912-01-21
5TR1PPING "A LOBSTER
sScRAP1Nf OFF The EGGS

creasing the number of young over the
product OF natures methods, but by pre-
venting the enormous loss by death
which. since mans entrance as q factor
In the lobster life, Is greater than nature
can afford.
With the old Holsters protected and the
young ones reared. there remains the
problem Of the intermediate classes. As
to this there has been much discussion.
and DR.. George w. rield of the Massa-
chusetts fish and game commission. who
was the first advocate Of reversing the
law had no small battle on his hands
on account Of II. For where, said the OBJ
jectors. would the old Holsters come from
killed?
The question may seem unanswerable.
but Prof. Herrick upbolds DR.. Field in
contending that the objection is not valid.
The maximum egg production in Holsters
Is 100000 In one brood. 1t has been in
creasing up to this point every two years
after maturity. If all the egg producers
are spared the increased production OF
young will be enormous-undoubtedly suf-
ficient to produce a margin OF adolescents
beyond the catch allowed the fisherman.
a.'r ccp this depended upon
were every berried lobster taken turned
VI.
that the larvae when they Matched could
be cared for until they were self-protect-
ing citizens of the ocean, with a Thousand
times their or ginal chances OF survival.
Says Prof. Herrick. then, I'm conclu-
sion, as to the lobster laws: Make n dou-
hle-saGoe init arm all obsters below
nine inches and all above eleven, taking
thus only such OF the smaller adults
may enter the traps Protect the berrfed
lobster. paying bounty for IL, as Is now
done. and rear its young TO the bottom
seeking stage by the methods employed
at Wexford. License every lobster fish
erman and adopt a standard trap, with
rings small enough to keep out the over
size Holsters, and stats a sufficient dis
tance apart to permit the undersize to es-
cape.
Upon such a plan. superseding the pres
ent policy OF q size limit which permits
the destruction Of that very class of all
others most necessary to multiplication.
depends the restoration Of the now van
ishing lobster.
Evening star., 1912-01-21

has no expense whatsoever, except the
keeping of regiment Of troops. consist
ing altogether of five or six hundred, the
privates Of whom are Porto Ricans. The
officers only are Americans.
The governing is done by the natives.
with the exception Of the governor gen.
eral and limited number Of officials ap-
pointed by the President. There Is
legislature, consisting OF two houses, one
OF which. known as the executive council,
Is appointed by the President. and the
Evening star., 1912-01-21

and the Canadian maritime provinces is
a brother to the lobster Of Europe. and
was promptly recognized by the Pilgrims
of early Massachusetts days. becoming
a staple of their diet. 1t is said that
twenty-five pounds was common
weight for Holsters in those times, and
somebody mentions a length of five or
six feet. The best exhibit Prof. Herrick
will vouch for in the way Of giants is
thirty y-four-pounder, and this lobster.
which came from New Jersey. measured
twenty-three and three-quarter inches
from head to tail. With the claws ex-
tended, however, the length would have
been nearly doubled, and as this Is one
way Of measuring. the Pilgrim Holsters
may, it appears have been stretched only
about a yard.
At all events. be lenient with your Ply
mouth ancestry. The point is that COM
pared with the present SIZE Holsters then
were really huge. They were SO numer-
Gus that 1.-The least boy in the plantation
may catch and eat what he Will Of them
and yet leave quantities to survive and
reach that green old age. of which, in
lobtsers, large size Is an evidence. Prof.
Herrick thinks the twenty-fi and thirty
pound Holsters may have been fifty years
old Nowadays one calls a four-pound
lobster a giant, and sees very few that
weigh more than two and One-half
pounds for the fishermen catch them all
before they are more than above the
nine or ten inch limit the law prescribes.
To formulate plan for the preserva-
tion, or, as it must be now, rehabilita-
lion, Of the lobster fishery the biologist
Evening star., 1912-01-21

to violations Of municipal ordinances and
petty crimes. They are much like our
police judges. There are also municipal
courts, where suits are tried I'm which the
rental does not exceed $1,000 The or
fcers OF these are elected by popular
vote. and each for a term Of four years.
Above these are the district courts, the
prosecuting attorneys Of which are ap-
pointed by the governor. and, higher still
the supreme court. composed OF FIVE
judges appointed by TIE President. This
Evening star., 1912-01-21

THE Price of a Lobster
I Citizens of Washington
Eat 5000 Pounds of the Meat
Weekly-Science Being Ap-
piled to the Problem of the
Vanishing king of Crusta-
ceans" Prof. Herrick and
His Plan-How the Lobster
Fisheries Work-Caring for
the Young Lobsters.
Evening star., 1912-01-21

sible for them to do more than half work.
Most of them are afflicted with nausea,
vomiting. headaches and palpitation of
the heart, and with some these symptoms
continue for years. while others gradually
fade away and die.
But let me tell you how the worm
works. The doctors say 1t feeds on the
red corpuscles of the blood. This Is the
life-giving fluid. and a good healthy man
ought to have five or six millions of them
Evening star., 1912-01-21

With the too liberal life rate estimate
Of two in 10000 there would have been
$4,000 survivala against tho billion
captured. In other words. 1t would have
sters as were planted to Offset the drain
OF the fisheries.
Lobster culture. II il Is to be effective,
must overcome this tremendous mortal
years ago. when the problem was taken
up by Dr.. Hermon c.. Bumpus now OF
the University Of Wisconsin. but at that
time professor In Brown University, as
was also DR.. Albert D. Mead, his associate
in the new lobster culture enterprise.
The early critical period of the lobster
life Is marked by three molts. which In
themselves are critical processes and car
ry on most of such infant Holsters as
the fishes and the winds and the currents
after this when the young lobster finds
himself. He develops a sense OF fear
and pugnacity. besides q bottom-living
habit which gives him possibilities OF
hiding. If he can be tided over his baby
tsh incapacity it Is reasonable to suppose
his chances are much better from that
time on.
1t was DR.. Mead. following Dr. Bum
pus' lead, who worked out a method to
accomplish this result, and for some ten
years now the Rhode Island fish commits
sion. with plant Of DR.. Meads devising
at Wexford, has been repopulating Mar
ragansett bay with young Holsters rear
ed in captivity up to the point of COM
parative safety. The apparatus is a float
or raft comprising a number of submerg-
ed boxes with screened windows to allow
circulation Of water, but to keep out
enemies. and revolving electric fanlike
arrangement to maintain currents inside.
The currents are necessary to keep the
finely ground food In circulation where
the little Holsters can get it, and to keep
these cannibalistic infants from settling
to the bottom where they can more con-
yeniently devour their brethren BY
means Of this plant so per cent of the
larval lobsters-one in two, instead of one
In many thouSands-are reared to the
bottom-seeking. self-protecting stage be-
fore they are released to battle with the
world. It is lobster culture not by in
Evening star., 1912-01-21

It is now only twenty-five per thousand.
and this compares favorably with any
other similarly populated country.
We have practically wiped out the
smallpox. When I visited the island
twelve years ago 1t was raging. and at
that time our government undertook the
greatest vaccination Job of all history.
It had the army start to work to vacci-
nate the whole people. There were at
least 100000 sore arms on the island
Evening star., 1912-01-21

CMALLPOX Wiped Out
- and Hundreds of Thou
sands of Natives Cured Of
the Hookworm-The Fight
Against NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
mobile Roads All Over the
Island-Telegraphs Run by
the Government-Reforming
the Courts-A Spanish Coun-
try Without Graft.
Evening star., 1912-01-21

that We now know all about the hook
worm and how to control it. 1t is be-
lieved to have been brought there from
Africa at the time the first slaves were
imported. 1t is known to have existed
among the African pygmies, and it is
thought to have come to Porto Rico in
1880. with the founding Of the first three
sugar plantations. The worm began its
work in the lowlands and gradually made
its way through the island 1t is now
Evening star., 1912-01-21

Porto Rico. The chief ones going to the
United States are the New York and
Line and the Insular Line. The latter
has three steamers which ply regularly
between New York and San Juan. The
Red D has five, which call at San Juan
on their way to Venezuela, and the New
York and Porto REQ Line has a weekly
service, its boats leaving New York every
Saturday and reaching Porto Rico We'd
nesday. The fare is $40 or $50 The
Evening star., 1912-01-21

SCLE g A NJ s
greatest victory
in Porto Rico has
to do with a
worm. I have
written how he
has raised the is
land from beg
gary to prosperi-
ty, and how his
foreign trade has
been multiplied 400
per cent. How the
Evening star., 1912-01-21

wealth of the people has risen from
almost nothing to $1,000 per family.
and how they are now growing rich
or of coffee. tobacco and sugar. Further
on in this letter 1 will tell how noun
tain trails have been changed to stone
roads, and how Justice and good gov
crnInent have taken the place of dis
order and graft.
Uncle Sans fight with the worm has
been bigger than any Of these. And
still the worm is SO small that you
could lay IT on the little fngernail of
your baby and ii would just reach
around the edge where the nail is
Joined to the flesh. Nevertheless at
the time we took hold Of the island it
was sucking the life and strength out
of 30 per cent OF the people. Almost
every one had It, We did not know
what was the matter. We thought the
Porto Ricans were a degenerate nation
and that their pasty pale skins. fiabby
muscles and lackadaisical ways were
hereditary and could not be changed.
1t was some time before we discovered
that they are naturally strong as
we are and that their weakness exist
ed because they were sick. 1t all came
from this little worm which was
gnawing their vitals.
The presence of the parasite was dis
covered i'm 1900 by Maj Bailey X. Ash
ford, United States army surgeon. and
since then a great fight has gone on
against IL. resulting In the cure Of hum
dreds of thousands and I'm confining It's
ravages to the poorest classes of laborers
who are far of in the mountains.
The discovery of this worm In Porto
Rico led TO our knowledge of Ii In the
southern states and to the great hook
worm experiments which have been taken
under the Rockefeller fund to control It.
The first active hookworm campai n,
however. was undertaken by Maj. Ash
ford in Porto Rico, and today there are
forty-five dispensaries scattered over the
island to which such patients come to
be treated. During the past year 5000
men, women and children have been
doctored at these dispensaries, and OF
fhem 1900 have been completely cured
and 1000 more are still improving under
treatment In all the island more than
roo. 900 have been treated, and the hook
worm has been practically wiped out OF
the towns and villages.
1t is due to the work In Porto Rico
Evening star., 1912-01-21

AY lobster pal
aces and you con-
1ure New York
In the background
Washing
ton. But discard
this easy impres-
sionism for more
literal applicability
of terms and you
will find yourself
n e a rer h O m e.
WASHINGTON has no
Evening star., 1912-01-21

other, the house Of delegates. Is elected
by the people. There are eleven members
in the executive council and thirty-fve in
the house Of de egates, and they make all
the laws for the island. The thirty-five
members are elected every two years
from seven electoral districts. Each OF
the districts has five delegates.
Both Of these houses are now In session,
the assembly having convened the second
Monday in January. 1t will sit sixty days.
The executive council remains in session
throughout the year. for IL is necessary
that 1t confirm the appointments made by
the governor in order that they be valid
according to law.
In the days Of the Spaniards justice in
Porto Rico was q matter OF barsain and
sale. The man who had the most money
got the decision OF the courts In his
favor. and even today the judges are still
offered bribes. heard Of case in which
a woman the other day called upon the
attorney general and asked him just how
much money II would take to get her
son out of prison. She said she had been
saving for the past five years. or ever
since he had committed manslaughter,
and that she thought she had now
enough to buy him out. It was hard for
the attorney general to make her see
that money could not compensate for
crime.
Evening star., 1912-01-21

1t is not a case for closed seasons. A
lobster usually produces it's first eggs
when it is about eight inches long, and
the number Of eggs in this first brood is
about 5000. The laws of most states pro-
hibit the capture Of Holsters under nine
inches. thus giving them a chance to
produce eggs once at least. This is all
very well so far as it goes. But those
nine-inch Holsters, if allowed to live,
would have produced 10000 eggs when
ten inches long, 10000 at twelve inches,
10000 at fourteen inches, 10000 at six
teen inches and nearly $1,000 if they had
lived to be eighteen inches long, which
Evening star., 1912-01-21

says both ends of the lobster career
must be taken into consideration. We
have been protecting only the early
years, destroying the larger adult life,
and thus. it appears. committing an
egregious blunder.
Protective laws traditionally have to
do with closed seasons of few months
and the protection of "berried' Holsters
that is the females bearing eggs.
Closed seasons may be effective when
they can cover the entire breeding pc
riod Of the animal. But the lobster pre-
sents a case out Of the ordinary. 1t
lays its eggs once every two years, and
these eggs are carried. attached to the
under side Of the tail and appendages,
for ten months before Matching. The
spawning time Is variable. and no "closed
season. could cover a time that would
protect more than half of the egg-bear-
ing Holsters.
Evening star., 1912-01-21

Today the judicial system OF Porto
Rico is much like that Of the United
States. There are fifty -eight justices Of the
peace. but they cannot fine man more
than $15 or imprison him for more than
thirty days. Their jurisdiction IL limited
Evening star., 1912-01-21

The hatcheries of the United States,
Canada and Newfoundland in ten years
have planted 4,2l4. 100000, of which, with
rate Of survival OF two in 10000. which
is probably correct. all these billions OF
fry would yield only 2s1 600 adult lob
sters. while the catch during the same
period ran up nearly to O,O0O, 900.
Evening star., 1912-01-21

ed by as many molts and occupying
twelve to twenty days. the lobster Ia an
evolving larval form In which its chances
of survival are about one in 10000 at q
very liberal estimate. Thus, of the first
brood, which has been allowed to the lob
ster by the nine-inch law, perhaps not
one on the average reaches maturity. It
takes two offspring from each pair of
parents to maintain any race at mere
equilibrium. without mans interference.
If the first brood yields no survivals, or
only one. and then the mother is killed.
what will become of the species? Such
has been the sad state Of the lobster un-
der the operation of the gauge law.
The other end Of the matter has not
been overlooked, however. The lobster
culturist has taken a hand, trying to in
crease the number Of young Holsters by
securing and Matching the eggs from lob
sters caught in the fishery. Obviously.
however, If there is prohibition against
selling berried Holsters. the lobster hatch
cries would be effective only as Offering
a market for berried Holsters which an
INSCRIPTIONS fisherman might otherwise
strip Of their eggs and sell with his le-
gitimate catch. To hatch these eggs arti-
ficially would do no more good than to
leave them attached to the mother until
they hatched themselves. The futility Of
lobster culture by this method is dis
cussed by Prof. Herrick with some very
striking figures.
Evening star., 1912-01-21

Since the United States took hold of
Porto Rico the steamship lines connect
ing with 1t have steadily improved. New
ones have been added, and the island has
now steamers for all parts Of the world
The wharfs of San Juan and Ponce are
crowded with American goods. There are
now twelve different lines which cali at
Evening star., 1912-01-21

Copyright. 1912, by Frank G. Capenter)
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1912-09-05
NEW PARIS, OHIO.

NEW PARIS, Ohio, Sept 5.-Mr.
and Mrs Charles Kirkpatrick and
daughter, Dorothy, and Miss Miss Car
RE Halter, returned Sunday from an
outing at Cheteck, Wis.
sMr. and Mrs. Allen Devering and
daughter, Lorena, spent Sunday with
Uren Brown and family.
GoIdie Hill is.spending this week in
Eldorado.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Johanning and
family were the guests Of Mrs. 10
hanning's mother, Mrs. Robert McGiIl
Sunday and Monday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Roy Thompson spent
Sunday with Mrs. Mary Thompson.
Lee Thurston returned Saturday
night from the lakes.
Mr. and Mrs. John O'Dea enter
tanned at dinner Sunday Miss Cen
nieva Smith, Mr.. James Brieen, Mr..
John Doyle and daughters Agnes and
Katherine, of Cincinnati, Mrs. E. G
Lowe. Mr.. and Mrs. Michael Banning
and Mr.. and Mrs. William Flatley and
daughters, Margaret and Anna, all of
Richmond, Mr. and Mrs. Dan Horri-
gan and children and Miss Mary Nun.
gavin.
Mr.. C. NJ Wilcox Is taking an out.
ing at Manitou Beach.
The Murray reunion was held Sun
day at Henry Murray's.
Miss Mary Melody spent Sunday
with Mrs Hannah Sawyer and family
near New Madison.
Mr.. and Mrs. James Davis have gone
to Spring Valley to attend a funeral.
Ruth Irwin spent Sunday with Maud
Crubaugh.
Minnie Jones, Ada Young and Er-
nest Purviance were the guests Sun
day, of Mr. and Mrs. Amos Black, In
Richmond.
Harold Mitchell was home from
Charlottesville Sunday.
Mrs William Miller left Monday for
Cincinnati for visit with her daugh-
ter, Mrs. c. e. Prettyman.
James Alexander and wife of New
Carlyle, are the guests of relatives
for few days.
Walter Barton, of Pittsburg, Pa,
was home Sunday.
Miss Marie Jonte and Elma Horner
are the guests of Mr.. and Mrs. Eth.
mer Reid for a few days.
Harry Bohn and wife of Louisville,
KY, are visiting relatives here for a
few days.
Miss Dorothy Armstrong, who has
been the guest Of the Homer girls, re-
turned to her home in xenia, Monday.
Chris Marley returned Sunday from
Beavers Dam Virginia.
Miss Alice Baumgardner returned
Saturday from Lima, Ohio. ~
Willie Glenn spent Saturday in Day
ton.
Miss Henrietta Wilcox returned Sat
urday to Cincinnati, after several days
visit with relatives here.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1912-09-05
News From Surrounding Towns

ing few weeks with in the west, are
deriving much pleasure from the trip.
Mrs. H. A Gordon. of Pittsburg.
Pa, is spending the week with her
aunt, Mrs. Daniel Wissler. She will
also visit Mr. and Mrs. Oscar Gordon,
of Bentonvillc.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Ogborn and son
polls, at the State fair Mrs. Ogborn
and son remained until this (Thurs-
day. evening with Miss Emma Barrett
Of that city.
Miss Pearl Boyd is in Ashville, n.
c., for a visit of several weeks with
Mr.. and Mrs. Glen Swiggett.
NJ. H. Carr will take the choir of
thirty-six young girls from the Meth
odist Sunday School, of this city, to
the Sunday School of the First Meth
odist church, of Connersville, next
Sunday afternoon.
Miss Rachel Kaufman has returned
after six weeks spent with her brother
William Kaufman, of Canton, Ohio,
and cousin, Harry Kaufman, of
Gle, Gland
Mr.. and Mrs. Abiram Boyd are
spending the week in Indianapolis, at
tending the State fair
Miss Thelma Rummell has returned
to New Castle after weeks visit with
her grandparents, Mr.. and Mrs. 1. N.
Falls.
Mrs. J. S. McDaniels and her guest,
Mrs. Schoff and daughter, Mamie, of
Huntington, were visitors Wednesday,
at the home of Mr.. and Mrs. Charles
Reiser, of Germantown.
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Wharton trans
acted business in New Castle Wednes-
day, going from that city to Indiana
polls to attend the State fair.
The dance given Tuesday evening
at Jackson Park was we'll attended.
The Weisbrod Saxaphone Orchestra,
of Richmond, furnished the music for
the occasion.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Stafford, of Lin
coin, are spending a few days in the
home of Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Wissler
Miss Alice Kiser, residing north Of
town, was also their guest Wednesday,
w. S. Kiser spent Wednesday at
the State fair.
Mrs. I. N. Falls has a night bloom
ing cereul that is rare, in that it has
bloomed twice this season, early in
July and again Tuesday night. Flor
lists state that this is most unusual
Lon Bertsch made a business trip
to Springfield, Ohio, yesterday.
Esther Coffin has returned after a
visit with her sister, Mrs. Otis Harris,
of Marion, and her brother, Craig Cof-
fin, of Anderson.
E. r. Huddleston, c. T. Wright and
son Fred, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Mar
latt, were among the number from
this ely at the State fair Wednesday.
The Misses Edith and Irene Gill
christ, who have been visiting friends
in Connersville, are spending few
days in Cambridge City, before re-
turning to their home in Indianapolis
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1912-09-05
MILTON, IND.

MILTON, Ind, Sept. 5.-Miss Ruth
atives at Fort Wayne, returned home
yesterday.
Frank Shank, of near the Potter
Shop, has purchased new Indian"
motorcycle.
Charles Galloway attended the fun.
eral of the late Mrs. William Henby,
at Bentonville, Tuesday afternoon.
Mrs. Mary Berry, who has been the
guest Of her son William Berry and
family, went from here to Newcastle
to visit relatives.
Carl Hoel was at Richmond yester-
day. @r@.
Mr. and Mrs. Omer Kirlin have gone
to Indianapolis to attend the Fair.
Tomato raisers here are complain
ing of the tomatoes rotting SO in the
patches.
]. L. Manlove was at Richmond,
Tuesday, on political business
L. H. Warren was at Indianapolis
yesterday.
The Rev. F. G. Mccormick preached
the funeral sermon of the late Mrs.
William Henby. at Bentonville, Tues
day afternoon. A large concourse of
friends were in attendance.
Mrs. Carl Whitley and Mrs. Charles
Miller. of Cambridge City, were en-
tertained with Mrs. Rebecca Working
and other relatives here, yesterday.
Mrs. VIII Johnson was a Cambridge
City visitor and shopper yesterday.
Mrs. Matilda Boyd does not stand
the extreme weather. we'll. She is
reported quite feeble.
Mrs. Harry Doty passed milestone
on her road of life Monday, and that
evening in remembrance of the day,
entertained her mother and sister,
Mrs. T. NJ. McClung and Miss Eunice
McClung. Mr.. and Mrs. Ernest Doty,
and Mrs. Morton Warren and family
Miss Martha Rauthe spent yesterday
with her grandparents, Mr.. and Mrs.
John Kiser, of east of town.
The Milton school board will meet
this evening in regular business SEES
sion and organize for the years work.
Mrs. T. M. McClung will entertain
tho Kings Heralds Saturday after
noon. The occasion is an open meet
ing and each member is authorized to
invite one or more guests.
Charles Ferguson went to Indiana.
polls yesterday to attend the fair.
Mrs. Harry Manlove entertained the
Sunday School Council of the Chris
tian church Tuesday evening. Mrs
Edward Wilson gave an excellent pa.
per as a review of the book they are
reading, her topic being "The Organ
ization and Building Of the School"
The annual reunion of the Helms
family will be held at jackson Park
September Is. All members of the
family are hereby notified and requir
ed to be present
Miss Ollie Ingalls,, Of Cambridge
City, was calling on friends in this
place, yesterday.