davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-06-19

he himself started the final rumpus
TO the clubhouse.
Then Billy appeared at the club
house after the game seeking to re-
new his combat with the Tiger fielder.
Bill Donovan, in his inimitable way,
kidded Evans about the affair, and
then seriously advised him that he
had better leave Davey alone.
Evans tried TO get into the club
house but upon being warned by Man
ager Jennings, thought better OF 1t.
While he was threatening to come in
bunch OF the Tigers called TO him
to come, but advised him that II was
not healthy for offensive umpires in
players clubhouses.
AS result of the affair. Davey is
suspended.
And they talk about our protec-
tom"
Whatever criticism there may be OF
the Tigers, there is one that cannot
be made this year, and that is That
there Is any damaging internal strife.
While the Tigers have not been free
from that By any means, land In that
they do not differ from any other
club, there is the best OF feeling
among the players now.
This Is due largely TO the strike
that the men went through. IL there
is anything that will clear up misun-
derstandings between men, II Is their
working together for common cause.
This the Tigers have done.
The Cleveland team is very weak
in the pitching staff just now. They
have had 10 resort 10 the old army
game In every contest lately. Their
pitchers have allowed their opponents
20 clout out bunch Of runs, as tley
did yesterday, and then II has been
up to the Maps TO pole out who're
bundle of counters TO make any show
ing whatever
The team has been roasted unmer-
cifully in Cleveland since taking a
slump and Harry Davis has had his
hands full taking care OF the criticism
that has naturally come his way.
A general shake-up in the team is
expected TO come at any time now
as It is felt that the club cannot be
success as il Is.
The Tigers were hardly fair TO the
Maps yesterday They sewed up hat
game so tight before Kahler and
George could seek shelter that there
was never chance 10 look-in.
Worse than that they had Ralph
Works pitch such an excellent game
during the first five innings, that only
one man reached first base. Birming-
ham got a clean single TO left In The
| fifth
Works weakened in the sixth. and
gave the Maps two hits. This com
bined with a couple of inexcusable er
rors by Jim Delahanty. let in three
runs. In the next inning Turner got
on with hit, went around to secoEt
on Balls out, and scored on Knapp:
single.
For Cleveland. it finally took De
troiter 10 do effective work in the box
| After Moriarty had singled, Stanag,
had doubled, and Works had singled
off Kahler right in row In the sec
ond inning, George replaced him. bu
the slaughter kept up and Krapl
! finally went in and pitched fine base
| ball
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-06-19
JENNINGS SAYS THAT
| NEW BLOOD IS NEEDED
IN THE JUNGLE BAND
|"There Are a Few Men on the
Team Who Have Reached
Their Limit"
similar SITUATION IN 1908
|Donie Bush Came Along Then
With a Little Pep and Saved
the Day
SIMILAR SITUATION IN 1908
BY RALPH L. YONKER.

whats the matter with the Tt
gers?" | asked Hughie Jennings to
day. Every body has been express
ing their views as 10 the trouble with
your teams What do YOU think about
We'll" said Hughie. caressing the
end OF the bat that he had been using
in the morning practice at Navin field
there are a few men on the team who
have arrived at the stage where tEey
will never play any better. When
men get that far they are practically
sure TO begin deterorating.
What the team needs is few new
men-some young blood to put life
into II. We will strengthen the club
just as fast as We possibly can. II
isn't possible 10 so out and pluck good
PLAYERS just as you would apples in
an orchard but there are Tiger scouts
out looking for hurry-up material
right now and just as soon as line
is gotten on any, II will be sent u
Detroit.
The Tigers are in the same posi-
ton now that they were in 1908
DOME Bush saved the day for rs al
that time. The team was composed
Of veterans mostly who had appar
entity gone stale on the job. There
was a lack of pep. a lack OF interest
as there Is now Bush came here
from indianapolis, was put in at short
made some wonderful catches. got q
couple or screaming hits. stole q
couple OF bases an dthe whole team
was On its feet and tighting in an in
slant"
Hughie is polite. He refuses al
. this time TO discuss the possibilities
OF any Encouragement OF the team, but
/ il is more than likely that there will
be shift in The infield soon. In the
outfleld, Davey Jones corner is the
only one that is in danger at all, and
il would be a big surprise TO see
Davey ousted lie has been hitting
so consistently lately that he is very
valuable TO the team. He was oui
Yesterday on Ban Johnson's order.
In the infield, third base has beer
doubtful position for some time
Moriarty has been playing mighty
good ball AT times lately. but there IL
little doubt but that a saappy new
conner coul fireplace him II he were
Ou manu- IlHuN INV phoh VII Si'Nn
at shortstop The right man might
replace Delahanty at second. Gamer
has not been hitting as well as il was
expected he would, but he is young
and II is hardly probable that first
baseman GOULD be found TO Dust him
One or two new intielders would dc
wonders towards bolstering the whole
team in spirit. There is the material
on the Tiger club for pennant win
ners yet this year provided they
keep on playing ball as they did yes
terday.
The tonic that will make them DC
so is new blood
Billy Evans is not the most popu
lar man in the world with the Tigers
Some of the mare still waxing indi5
nant about his treatment OF Jones
which resulted in Davey's suspen
sion during the series with the Attn
letics.
They talk about our having pro
lection through the umpires' Choir
used bunch Of the Tigers this morn
ing BAH" And another Bah.
The plays say that Evans eggec
Jones on all during the game and that
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-06-19
HARRY NORTON, OLYMPIC TEAMS STOWAWAY MASCOT
HAS BEATEN HIS WAY HALF AROU ND THE WORLD

"Good-by Marion, I'm leaving to-
night for Sweden TO see the Olympic
games" said Harry Norton, the To-
year-old boy king of tramps OF To-
ledo. o.. as he kissed his sister Sun
day night, June 8.
When Harry failed to return home
before morning, Marion and the other
members OF the family surmised that
Harry was on his way to Stockholm.
A wireless received by the United
Press association Friday, from w. G..
Shepherd on board the Finland, an
ncunced that Harry had been discov-
cred slowed away in lifeboat, and
lad been adopted by the Athletes as
their mascot and would go 10 the
Olympic games.
Harry Norton has earne dhis title
as Boy King OF Tramps His adven-
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-06-19

| lures have been many. including a
Wild ride on the top OF a Twentieth
Century limited sleeper from Toledo
10 New York-754 miles-just before
boarding the Finland
The boy first felt the wanderlust
two years ago. He complained TO his
father that his teacher "bawled him
out" because he wouldn't soup" for
her, and when his father laughingly
tolo him TO return to school, he dis
appeared Next thing heard from him,
he was In Chicago, working.
Quitting his Chicago position he
hit the cushion cars 10 st. Louis, >
but he rode the tops and the rods. A
week later he entered a transcon-
tinenal smoker. and with bag Of APP
pies to eat. hid under seat and jour
neyed TO Los Angeles.
From Los Angeles, San Francisco
was a mere step, and picking out a
clean-looking ship, he newt stopped at
the Hawaiian islands, having worked
az cabin boy when discovered slowed
away. He returned TO San Francisco
and shipped on the Umatilla for
Nome. Alaska. He returned to the
ship after a brief stay In the north,
ana remained until an accident neces-
STATED his removal TO hospital
Dismissed. he returned to Toledo
and announced his determination TO
l emain at home. He secured a posi-
tion, and about month ago told
friends he wanted TO see the auto
races at Indianapolis, the Olympic
games and the worlds series. lie saw
the worlds series He saw the races,
is now on his way to the games and
bids fair to witness the big series
next fall
In addition to thees long trips. Har-
ry has taken many shorter "excur-
s!ons," as he calls them His alert
ness and confidence and inspiring
ways have made him a favorite with
hoboes. sailors, police. trainmen and
with the American athletes.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-06-19
HARRY NoRToN'S
TRAVEL FEATS

He rode the top OF the TWEEN
tieth century from Toledo TO
New York.
He rode under smoking car
seat from ST, Louis 10 Los An
geles.
He rode outside a passenger
train from Toledo TO lndianap-
oils 10 see the speedway races.
He slowed away from San
Francisco to the Hawaiian Isl
ands.
He worked his way to Alaska
and back again.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-06-19
Mike Maurer Returns to Detroit Two
Inches Taller Than When he Left
Former Tiger Has Been Losing Four Games
Saginaw in South Michigan League

Mike Maurer. the young Detroiter
who was tried out by the Tigers in
the sunny" southland this spring,
returned TO Detroit yesterday with
two inches added TO his stature.
Mike has been pitching for the Sag.
NAV club in the South Michigan
league and has been pitching good
ball despite numerous defeats. He
has been losing four and tye-hit
games with regularity that has all
but made him peevsh.
Maurer is getting TO be a giant in
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-06-19

'Batted tor Ball In ninth inning.
tBatted for Knapp in ninth inning.
Hits-On Kaler, in ] inning; none
nings: off Knapp 2 In 6l-3 innings.
TWo-base hits--Jackson, Crawford.
Louden. Stanage. Moriarty. Sacrifice
hits w orKs. Sacrifice hies-Bush.
Double plays-Ball TO Lajoie. LETT on
6; Detroit. g. First
base on balls-Off Kaler, ] of Knapp,
q 6n Works, .. First base on errors
Cleveland. L. Hit by pitcher-By
Knapp, Gamer. Struck out-By Knapp,
g. by Works. 6. Balk-Krapp. Time
1853 Empires-Dineen and Sheridan.
Attendance 1919
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-06-19

size. When he was working with the
Tigers he wasn't any weakling by
any means standing well up TO six
feet. but since he left Detroit he has
added at least two inches TO his
height and towers high in the atmos-
phere.
Mike says that playing in the
bushes can't compare with playing In
the big league. Therefore he intends
to hustle back to the big tent just as
soon as he can. He rejoins his team
today.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-06-19
SHORT LENGTHS

MOha and McGoorty have been
matched for a l0-round go at Port
Washington, near Milwaukee, July 4.
Both are claimants Of the middlewe eight
boxing title.
Tommy Murphy and Abe AtteIl have
been matched for 20-rOund fight In
California July T..
The Giants have sold Pitcher Drucke
II Toronto.
Yale. 9-I3-2; Harvard, 6-4-3. ELI used
Ave twirlers All happened yesterday
at New Haven
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-06-19

An idea OF what will hoppen when
Uncle Sans athletes meet the world 8
best, at Stockholm, was given in the
eastern Olympic trials, at Cambridge,
when worlds records went by the
board with a crash.
Abel Kiviat, the marvellous middle
distance runner. shared honors with
Marcus Wright. the Dartmouth vault
Ell, and T. j. Kramer and Tell S. Ber-
ma. of Cornell the distance runners.
Klviat ran the 800 meters in 8
minutes 90 As seconds and carried
his speed to the mile, running that
distance i'm 4:l5 3-5. one-fifth OF sec
end slower than John Paul Jones
worlds record time.
Kramer qualified as favorite in the
Olympic 10000 meter by running a
great race. in 1913 3-5, and Marcus
Wright, astounded the athletic world
by clearing the unheard of height OF
10 feet ,nch Tell s. Berna. the
Cornell two-miler, set the American
record OF Is minutes % seconds for
the 5000 meters, a mark that Will
test the best distance runenrs in the
world.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-06-19
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION.
STANDING.

Bu.incss-IIke Printing. No fuss and
no feathers. The plain, neat kind that
looks right Times Printing CO., rs
John r st. Pm. Main ltSs or City s3s5.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-06-19
ro,ay'. Games
NATIONAL LEAGUE.
STANDING.


|pittsburgh New York 2.
pfcokiyr q 81 Louis =.
Boston Cincinnati ;
Chicago .. Phlilies J.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-06-19

You kids better stay at home
II YOU know when you're we'll
of Harry Norton's advise TO
boys whof eel the wanderlusi.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-06-19
SOUTH MICHIGAN LEAGUE
STANDING.
Yesterday. Results.

Yesterday Results.
Bay City 10. kalamazoo ].
Jackson \ Saginaw g.
Flint 2. Battle creek ].
lansing 3. ADRIAN 4
Today's Games.
Bay city at Kalamazoo.
Saginaw at jackson.
Battle creek at Flint.
Adrian at LANSING
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-06-19
NAV BrrkowIts. 80 years old. Of No.
I.a ncnlnn-sl.. Mns fnlnIIN InlnrcL

ia nenton-rt.. was fatally injured
T. while attempting 20 cross lh lIuht OF
sherman car az clinton and -, An
toinsy-sts Tuesday. and was carried
into ST MarN's hospital where he
tTed. TUESDAY afternoon. His skull
was fractured. Coroner Burgess had
the body re~yed 90 the county
morgue and Is investigating the ac-
cident
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-06-19

Tony CaponI failed 20 put Joe Cor
man away In eight rounds al Chata-
ncoga last night. and so lost his nam
dicap match.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-06-19
INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE

Job Printing Done Right. Times
IrirtIng Co., Is John R.-st.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-06-19

sidney Hatch, the chicago Marathon
81, viii be sent TO the olympic games
b. his Chicago friends.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-06-19
ABEL kivlAT.
AMERICAN LEAGUE.
STANDING
Results

Yesterdny's Results.
Detroit y Cleveland =
Washington g. Athletics 4.
81 Louis 4 Chicago 3.
roday'S Games.
Cleveland az Detroit.
81 Louis at chicago.
Atf..tics AT Weshtngton.
R1stou at New York.
The Snyder signal. (Snyder, Tex.) 1887-????, 1912-11-08
McCUE GUILTY ON
FIFTH TRIAL; GETS
LIFE TERN ~ PEN

Mckinney. Texas Nov. O. The
Jury I'm the case OF Franl NcCuc.
charged with killing Earl Mabry in
Dallas in 1908 this morning brought
IN a verdict of guilty and assessed
McCues punishment at life impris-
onmeut
Usattorneys announced motion
for new trial which will Dee made at
once. Ir this is not granted, appeal
viii De made TO the higher courts
Il was charged taat McCuc killed
Msbry while attempting TO rob him.
This was the nfth hearing of the
case. McCue hayins preyiously been
tried three times~n Vt Worth and
once In MclIipVcy the juries iu the
former trlssS failing TO reach au a-
ereeme%
The Snyder signal. (Snyder, Tex.) 1887-????, 1912-11-08
WILSON HAS 41O
ELECTORAL VOTES
Taft CarTied Three states and Roose-
welt Lands SiN--DemOcrats
Face Big Undertaking.

The election returns brought to US
in the papers Thursday morning
show the results to be not merely a
democratic landslide but an earth
quake, an avalanche, tornado. cyclone
combined
The greatest victory ever known in
a straight national election by any
political party.
The country had reached a degree
OF temper demanding system OF re
forms and Governor Wilson promises
to meet this demand Republican de-
feat was not due to the running Of
two candidates OF that party II would
have come anyway The country was
ripe for II and now it is up to the
democratic party to measure up TO
the stupendous responsibility assum
ed
The returns indicate positive con
troll of both houses Of Congress by the
democrats
The published figures Thursday
morning show that Taft carried Yer
mont. Utah and Idaho. total Of IL
electoral votes
Roosevelt carried Illinois. Mlchi
gan. Pennsylvania. Washington Kan.
sas, South Dakota with a total cleo
toral vote OF 104
Wilson carried every other state
IN the union with total Of 40 cleo
toral votes Oregon five votes not
reported
The reports indicate that the demo
cratic plurality in Texas will reach
100000.
% is believed that all The amend
mcnts TO the state constitution have
carried by good maIorities
Speaking of the result OF the eiec
tion, Senator Bailey is quoted as say
ing
"ft was uu overwhelmiug victory
and of course deeply gratifying To- al
good Democrats with the election
over however. wc now face one of the
grayest situations n the history of
our party If Governor Wilson. when
f.. h.o.t-,as ur..fIauf win lUulV fho
The Snyder signal. (Snyder, Tex.) 1887-????, 1912-11-08
Altrurian club Meets

The Alfrurian club met last We'd
nosday at the public library n The
Court House with twelve members
present.
The Club was glad to- welcome Mrs
Oln Hardy as a new member
4 very interesting lesson was con-
Quoted by Mrs B A Eubank as thc
leader
The next meeting will be held with
Mrs WclCh
The Snyder signal. (Snyder, Tex.) 1887-????, 1912-11-08

Mrs S. r. Fickas received % mos
sage Thursday from Eugene. Oregon.
Stating that her brother J.. g. Fau-
bion died there that moruing 90 @
o'clock with stomach trouble
The people OF snyder symplthize
with Mrs. Fickas in her sorrow
The Snyder signal. (Snyder, Tex.) 1887-????, 1912-11-08

I'm the list of the officers N ih'
scurry County lnternational SUNDAY
school Association as printed Ias'
week lt should have been stated th"-
Mr. r e.. DeGebach was elected "y
the executive committee as one oi
the vice presidents and Miss Lizzie
smith as superintendent of Architec-
tUre.
The Snyder signal. (Snyder, Tex.) 1887-????, 1912-11-08

their feelings. while anvils doomed
and sky rockets and roman candles
Illuminated the heavens
The noise and fun was kept up
I'M far into the night and American
patriotism sat perched ON top OF the
Eagle on the dome of the Court
House
The Snyder signal. (Snyder, Tex.) 1887-????, 1912-11-08

Confederate Camps in Texas have
sent strong protests TO the text book
board at Austin against the adoption
of the Adams-Trent History for use
In the schools du Texas
Imperial Valley press., 1912-07-26

| on the 25th day of July, 1912, in the
Imperial Valley Press, a newspaper
of general circulation, printed and
published in said City of Ell Centro and
shall also cause said ordinance to be
published in the last seven consecu-
tive issues of said newspaper prior to
the said 26th day of August, 1912, and
thereupOn and thereafter this ordi-
nance shall take effect and be in full
force.
Passed, adopted and approved this
23rd day of July, 1912.
JOHN NORTON,
President of the Board of Trustees Of
the City of Ell Centro.
Attest:
(SEAL) LAVINIA NORTHCOTT,
City Clerk of the City of Ell Centro.
By E. w. BURGER, Deputy.
| hereby approve the foregoing or.
dinance No SO, this 23rd day of July,
1912.
JOHN NORTON.
President of the Board Of Trustees of
the City of Ell Centro
State of California, County OF Imperi-
al, City of Ell Centre, SIS.
|, Lavinia Northcott, City Clerk OF
tlfy that the whole number of the
Board of Trustees of the CITY of FL
Centro is five; that the foregoing is a
full. true and correct copv of Ordi.
nance No. SO of the City Of FL Centre
and that the same was nassed and
ADOPTED by vote of two-thirds (2-3)
OF all the members of said Board of
trustees at regular meeting held on
.he z5rd day OF July, 1912, by the fol
lowing vote, to-wit:
Ayes-Norton, Swanson, Sprouse,
Egerer.
NOes-None
Absent-Burger
And that said ordinance was intro
duced at meeting of said board. held
at least five days prior to its passage.
Witness my hand and the seal of
the City of Ell Centro, this 23rd dav
of July, 1912
(SEAL) LAVINIA NORTHCOTT.
City Clerk of the City Of Ell Centre
By E. w. BURGER, Deputy.
Approved this 23rd day of July. 1912
JOHN NORTON,
President of the Board of Trustees of
the City of Ell Centre.
state OF California, County of Imperi-
al, State OF California, City of Ell
Centro, S.
l. Lavinia Northcott, City Clerk of
the City of Ell Centro, hereby certify
that the foregoing ordinance No. SO
OF the City of Ell Centre was duly
signed by the President of the Board
OF Trustees, and afterwards, on the
23rd da yof July, 1912, duly approved
by the said President of the Board of
Trustees of the City of Ell Centre.
Witness my hand and the seal of
said City of Ell Centro this 23rd day
of July, 1912.
tSEAL) LAVINIA NORTHCOTT
City Clerk of the City of Ell Centro.
By E. w. BURGER, Deputy.
July 25-Aug. 1925.
Imperial Valley press., 1912-07-26

In the District Court of the United States,
for the Southern District of California,
Southern Division.
LEY DEVELOPMENT COMPANY,
Bankrupt.
Please take notice that in accordance
with an order made herein, part of the
assets of the above named bankrupt,
hereinafter specifically set forth, will be
sold at auction at the office of the referee
in this case, II. 7. PorteouS. ESQ, % Cen
trail block, Riverside, California, August
l, 1912, at IL o'clock a. IN. Terms, cash.
deposit of 20 per cent required. Articles
sale, but are as follows and can be found
and examined at the places herein set
forth:
One acre of land with a barn and new
Shanty thereon. situate in the township
of Brawley, County of Imperial, State
of California.
Four rotary well rigs, one of which is
at DiXie's Land one of which is at
Brawley, California, and two of which
are at Coachella, California.
Four (D horses at Coachella, Califor
MIA, five 90 mules at Coachela, Califor-
MIA.
Any person desiring to inspect said
property may do so upon applying to c. B.
Estle. Coachella California.
Dated July, 1912.
C. l.. SCHROEDER,
Trustee in Bankruptcy.
I. H. Harris, Attorney for Trustee 6S1
Title Insurance Bldg, Los Angeles, Cali
fornia.
July II. 15 %, 25. 90, Aug. 1.
Imperial Valley press., 1912-07-26
CERTIFICATE OF PARTNERSHIP
Fictitious Firm Name.)

(F1ctitiouS Firm Name.)
The undersigned do hereby certify that
they are conducting general farming,
livestock and dairying business in the
County of Imperial, State of California,
under the fictitious firm name OF Rus
sell & Freeman Company" that the
principal place of business of said firm Is
at Hotvlle. Imperial County, California;
that said firm is composed of the follow
ing persons, whose names and addresses
are as follows. to-wit:
II. A. Russell, residing at Bonsall, San
Diego, California.
j. III. Russell, Residing at Rancho El
ty California.
Hubbard Russell, residing at Rancho El
Triumfo: Newberry Park, Ventura Coun-
M L. Russell. residing at Bay City,
Orange County, California.
William A. Freeman. residing at 147
North Wnona boulevard, Hollywood, Los
Fl. A. RUSSELL,
J. H. RUSSELL.
HUBBARD RUSSELL,
NJ. L. RUSSELL,
VIM A. FREEMAN.
State of California, County of Los Ange-
On this Goth day of June in the year
1912, before me, Louise F. Jacobs, a no
tary public in and for said county, re-,
siding therein. duly commissioned and
J. II. Russell. Hubbard Russell, NJ. L.
Russell and William A. Freeman, known
to me to be the persons whose names are
subscribed to the within instrument and
the same.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto
set my hand and affixed my official seal
in said county, the day and year in this
certificate first above written.
(SEAL) LOUISE F. JACOBS,
Notary Public in the County of Los An
geles, State of California.
Filed July H., 1912.
Thurs Aug g.
Imperial Valley press., 1912-07-26
DATES

We are preparing to make an impor-
tation of offshoots of the choicest vari-
cites of early ripening Persian Gulf
dates. A member of our staff, well
equipped for this work by previous
experience, will sail from San Fran
cisco about August l. He will spend
the winter in the date gardens, locat-
ing the most desirable varieties and
arranging for a shipment of offshoots
t. reach Arizona and California about
April /. 1913. Delivery Of palms in
good order guaranteed. Orders placed
before his departure will be filled at
$l.OO per offshoot less than those re-
ceived after that date.
We are desirous of communicating
with any one who is interested es-
pecially those who contemplate en-.
gaging in the commercial culture Of
dates