davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09

so that each writer was obliged to
copy OUT his sheet for as many clients
as he possessed. n who subscribed"
to his sheet, and this became a call
ing at last, until one, more enterpris-
ing than the rest, established an of
Sence department." to which news
was brought by a number of clerks.
and numbers of these early news
sheets may still be seer in the record
office, as We'll as in numerous private
collections. while a Very fair collec-
ton of them is to be found in the
British museum.
The carly news letters were adj
dressed to the patron of the writer, a
large number having been addressed
to the first Duke of Ormond, while
others included the Earls of Hunting
ton n STAFFORD, and these person.
ages ais kept agents at the court Of
st. German, sc that they received
news from various correspondents
during the same period. and, as the
writing of these epistles became more
and more in demand, the first at
tempts at publication took place.
The first letters given to the public
took the form of sheets published by
permission. and the story was Ions
old that the first authentic record of
such a letter to be made public in
England was that one which an
nounced the defeat of the Armada,
but this has now been d%isproved; but
when the news letters became public
they We're the work of several leading
stationers of that day. who had them
printed for n good sum each and
hawked about by men who :, re called
"Mercuries." the very first which
may in any sense be looked upon as a
periodical being started at Frankfort
about the year 1914. being followed
a few years later by a pamphlet pub
lished by a certain Nathaniel Butter
and a few friends under the title of
the Weekly News.
But though it purported to be regu-
lar. this and the few other enterprises
of the same sort which followed only
appeared at most irregular intervals,
most of the pamphlets containing
news from n or other parts of the
then known world: thus one of the
early sheets bears the name. the GER
ain and true news from all parties
of Germany while another title runs:
The Courier, or weekly news from
foreign parts to this present. goth
October. 1921" and to illustrate the
uncertain appearance Of the news let
tiers n of them is headed. "let all
know that the writer, or rather tran
scriber. hath before this published
two other newes; all which do carry
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09
THE MODERN WORLD AND ROME
CONDITIONS TODAY SIMILAR TO THOSE THAT PRECEDED THE
FALL OF EMPIRE.

riches n power for signs of real
riches and power. \ civilization is
no always indeed stronger and more
atfluent in the times when it shows
forth a! such. On the contrary. when
men f1atter themselves the more with
appearances. not seldom has decad-
ence already set in.
In families. as in peoples and civ
ilizations, showiness and vainglory,
the craze for doing on a big scale even
what could without damaee-nay. to
advantage-be done in little, are signs
rather of decay than of progress. The
passion for the colossal and the vast
is not a sound passion, born of epochs
strong in a steady moral and social
balance, but of epochs that are really
in decline. disturbed by a profound
d~isproportion between desires and ac-
tuality. greedy for excitements and vi
olent sensations, wasteful work and
wealth. to give themselves a false i'm
preston of greatness and power, and
irritated by a spirit of rivalry and
competition. which easily degenerates
into punctiliouS spite.
And o let US look within our own
conscience. Can we say that our age is
immune from this mania for grandeur
and boastful showiness. from this spir-
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09
:BENNER & BEGG-

a like title and have dependence one
upon another; which name he does
propose to continue by Gods assist
ance."
Gradually the new letter writers
began to collect news from many
quarters in this country and abroad.
and a curious appeal was made by
one of them to Lord Arlington on ac-
count of expenses "in entertaining
spies with news from abroad" which
cost the then enormous sum of 500
pounds, but the writer declared by so
doing h had doubled the size of the
book"-for by his time the letters
had become fair sized pamphlets; but
in this and every country where
news sheets We're appearing. nothing
was allowed to appear i'm them which
had not been subjected to state super
vision. Thus in the time of the
published publicly. while not until
James II had left the kingdom was
there the slightest sign of the free
dom of the press
In France in the time of Napoleon
l the same strict supervision was ex-
ercised, and many journals We're fore
ed to change their politics again and
again during those times of unrest.
Gradually the public began to require
concerning the discus
sions of parliament and news began
to be published under the title of
"Diurnal Occurrences of Proceedings
in Parliament" but this was by no
means a 'diurnal' sheet. not appear-
ing more than once a week at most;
and at last, under Charles II. a sur
veyor was appointed. to whom was
granted the sole right of writing mar
%ratives. mercuries, intelligencers' and
other books of public information,''
with powers to seize any published
without his consent; and it was not
until the reign of Queen Anne that
periodical literature became in any
sense free i'm this country. But unit
long past that date great caution had
to he observed if the writer's and pub
fishers of n pamphlet" wished to
keep nut of trouble.
1t was a French news writer that
wrote: Suffer yourselves to be
hanged if need be, but publish your
opinions" but in this country writer's
in early times faced imprisonment
and the pillory again and again in or
der to make their views public. and
whatever these may have been, it
must he conceded that they deserve
credit for courage. al least. in hav-
ing laid the foundation of that free
don which the press of this country
enjoys.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09
DIS C0vERY OF THE PACIFIC
LUST FOR GOLD BROUGHT SPANIARDS TO AMERICA IN THE
FIFTEENTH CENTURY.

boa made an alliance with a powerful
Indian chief who ruled that portion Of
the land, n married h chiefs
daughter. At the wedding feast the
Indians brought rich gifts of slaves
and gold, and We're amazed to see how
the eyes of the Spaniards glittered at
sight of the yellow metal and how
they quarreled over it.
Some of these simple men told Bal
boa and his followers that ii they
cared SO much for this yellow stuff it
would be wise for them to go to a
country where there was enough for
all. Such a country. they said. lay
across the mountains to the south,
along the shores of a great sea. There,
these Indians declared. the stuff the
white men called gold Was so plentiful
that ii was used in the making Of
cooking vessels.
AT once Balboa fitted up an eNpedi-
ton to cross the mountains to the
land of gold. With him he took 200
men and a pack of savage dogs, which
should attack unfriendly Indians. The
country over which they passed was
Very rough. and a tropical forest
tangled about their waists. Fights
With the silent-footed Indians of the
forest We're frequent, and one on
ders how the Spaniards. many of
whom We're weighted down with steel
arnlor ever succeeded in crossing the
isthmuS
pushed, though peaks towering above
them shut off all view of what lay
beyond. 1T Was the twenty-tifth day
of September when Balboa reached
the summit of the range, md, look
ing away to the west and south. saw
"A great ocean sparkling in the sun.
With eagle eyes
N .-..l -. Ala. -. ~-I oil I;o
men
Locked at each other with a wild sur
Silent, uron a peak in Darien;
Then down the mountains they
clambered. a our days march. until
they anne to the beach which this
new ocean Tapped. and Balboa. a
sword in his right hand and the great.
slittering banner of Spain in his left.
~aded out knee deep into the sea and
took possession of it. declaring that
all lands whose shores were washed
by that sea We're henccforth and for
ever the property of the Kin OF
Spain. A picturesque and magnificent
piece of arrogance and typically Span
ish.
Balboa called the nov ocean the
South Sea, because he was looking
toward the south when first he saw 1t.
But he and his followers. though they
had discovered a new ocean. failed to
find the LAND of gold for which they
had set out. He then returned to
Darien and sent word to the Spanish
king of the great discovery which he
had made. Then he caused four small
ships TO he taken apart and carried
across the mountains, believing that
somewhere on the other side of the
new ocean lay his FL Dorado. These
vessels We're set up again and launch
ed. the first European ships to dip
keel i'm he great South Sea-. But be-
fore Balboa had equipped them fully
and put out to sea his hur-
irying across the isthIlus. captured
him. accusing him of plots against the
king. There was no evidence of any
such plotting on Balboa's part, but
those We're lawless times. and the men
Of Darien We're jealous of Balboa. In
less than "a hours he was tried. found
guilty. condemned to death and he
iheaded.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09
EARLY DAYS OF NEWSPAPERS
GREAT MEN.

within the charmed circle where the
news circulated.
The first English journalist We're
men who We're for the most part de
pendents of great mon. and their work
consisted i'm writing sheets of news
from the court to keep their masters
informed of what was TRANSMITTING
during their enforced absence. They
were thus placed within reach of Of
fetal information and laboriously
ira inscribed whatever it was deemed
cpedient to allow them to mako
known. And il gradually became the
custom to have = number of clients,
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09
= . I
. CRUEL OLD PT NISHNIENT.
fChlCaco News

W"hiCaco News,
0ld-tlne punishment Tor offenses AZ
sea was most severe. The code of the
time of Richard of ENGLAND. Drawn
mp for the government of his fleet on
tn" crusades provided that whose
killed any person ON s%hiphoard
should he tied with him thai was
slain and thrown into the sea. And
II he killed him on the land he
should in like be tied with
the partio slaine, and be buried with
him in the Garth In Eli2abeth's
time a thief was to he ducked three
times. toWed ashore at the stern of a
boat and marooncd with a loaf OF
bread and a can of beer, Mutinv was
~punishable by he %culprit's being
hanged by his heels 'until his brains
We're heate noute against tho shyppe's
side. The penalties imposed for
sleeping m watch were progressive.
For the first offense the man was ,c
he "headrd' with a bucket of water
on the ne&t occasion he was to he
strung up by his wrists and to have
TWO buckets of water poured into his
sleeves. the third time he would h.
loaded with weights and bound to the
mast. and for the fourthe time he
was to he hanged to the h%ol1sprite
With a can Of h"ore. and a bisc otte NJ
hr"ade. and a sharp knife. and so tr
hang n choose whether he woulf
cutie himself down and fall into the
sea or hange still and starve."
Among the rules issued 10y Raleigh
for tn" governing of his South &meri-
can expedition in 1917 was that ne
man should be allowed to gamble fol
his arms or clothes, "on the pain OF
being diSarmed and made a Su..hl,o,
of the ship A general punishment,
for hlasphernT at this time was for the
offender to he hound TO the maininas,
with an iron bit between his teeth
the alternative being a ~scrapiug OF
the tongue. All sorts of odd ana fire.
QuentlN hldeous punishments are tc
he found described in old manu-.
scripts. In 1916 a man found drunk
aboard or ashore was taken care OF
until the following morning when. ir
the presence of the ships orlpa
he was presented With a pint of sal,
water. which he had to drink.
The dreaded cat" is probably the
best known of these old naval pun.
ishments. Whipping was provided 70,
at least as long ago as the fifteenth
century. and in brakes time the
regular t%rouncing of the ships bows
by tn" hoatswain on Monday mornina
was regarded as the only means Of
inslIring a fair wind for the rest OF
the week.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09
FARMERS AND BANKS.

The endorsement hy both party
platforms of the idea of establishing
in this country some system hy which
farmers can more readily Obtain
credits or bank funds for their farm
ing operations puts the plan above
politics. II is really a question
whether u deficiency in this respect
is not in some sections imaginary. and
in others where the need is real
whether the difficulty is not in some
national characteristics thar do us no
credit.
In farming sections where the in
dustry is we'll established and the
farmers responsible it is a dehatahle
question whether there Is any need
for special farmers banks. We speak
from personal observation in eastern
and central North Dakota. Here ma
tional banks deal largely with farm
ers; but the agriculturists are mora
largely depositors than borrowers.
and some of them are bank stock
holders and directors. In such Sec
tons. unless there is a nearby manu-
featuring interest, the banks have to
find employment for their funds by
sending them to New York or other
large cities.
In newer farming districts. where
the farmer is trying to build up a
farm, they have less money and more
demand for il. But it is to be borne
in mind that a loan to a farmer whose
solvency may depend on his getting a
good crop, n therefore be at the
mercy of either drouth or untinely
rains, is highly speculative.
There is a model of farmers CO.
operative banks or credit systems in
Germany which is decidedly interest
ing in this discussion. There the
needed responsibility is secured by or
ganizing the farmers of a given Sec
ton in a small bank, all the members
being liable to an unlimited degree.
This united liability obtains credit
which the farmers could not get in
d~ividually, and in Germany it has the
effect of making them watch each
other, so that the borrower shall not
weaken his loan by neglect or bad
management. But the principle Of
unlimited liability has had an un-
fortunate experience in his country.
We question very much whether SOL
vent business men would consent to
go into a banking concern where they
might be levied on to pay all Of its
debts in case of failure.
Certainly before plans like these
can succeed We must sharply reform
some of the qualities that have been
~unpleasantly prominent in the past.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09
CLondon Globe. !

Nowadays. when every year sees the
birth-and death-of a number of
periodicals. it is interesting to recall
the days when. instead of having a
number so vast to choose from that
it is a matter of bcwilderment to
make a selection from among them.
tho only way of hearing authentic
news of any sort was by means of
ONE sheet written out by hand and
circulated in a small circle. and when
IT vas almost Impossible to obtain
fret hand information unless one were
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09

The fellows h are exercising
their wits at Champ Clark's expense
now would have been the original
Clark men had he been nominated.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09

Nc wonder the democratic party
Is opposed to a presidential two term.
1t hasn't had one for seventy-fve
years. Most people oppose what they
can't get.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09

An Indiana physician exploded a
eiant firecracker under a patient to
stop the hiccoughs. They stopped and
the funeral was held the next day.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09

Job was a patient man but he
never Il a fan insist on playing the
game over the Mex morning while he
was busy.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09

We nave always noticed hat the
pinnacle of fame is a pretty difficult
point to roost on.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09

Nearly everyone who is working for
a salary feels that there should be
more holidays in this
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09

When in dnunt. just wait. \ hung
up fish hook will loosen Itself if let
alone.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09

flag now but it's the same old glory
still.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09

II is hard fer a ma to understand
why a boy is in such a hurry To grow
up.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09

Many a girl is striving to make
ame when she can't make "A loaf o
bread.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09

It's usually the fool who rocks tn,
boat who lives to tell the tale.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09

We wonder if Wilson has repentcd
of that wish to knock Eryan into a
cooked hat.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09

Being a Christian on the INSTALL
ment plan is a waste Of time.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09

Our idea of a BOBBY prize is to be
spoken of as a possible democratic
presidential candidate in 1915.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09

described as beautiful. which indi-
cate that they take after their mother.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09

it of sterile rivalry, public and private.
which scattered so many treasures Of
h ancient empire and clothed it's
fatal decay in seeming splendor?
] do not know who could say so,
seeing the giddily rapid progress Of
public n private extravaganza, the
continuous imitation of popular vanity,
professional and class pride, the ten
dency to mistake, in everything, CO.
lossal proportions for intrinsic worth.
Whoever looks about him. in Ameri-
ca as well as in Europe, sees This sem
timent diffusing itself on every hand,
gaining ground, muddying politics, re-
ligion, literature. philosophy, art; sees
it corrupting and changing the temper
alike of the higher and the lower
classes; and not that alone, he sees
everywhere a strong inclination to re-
gard this sentiment as a sign Of
strength, a proof of greatness and Of
progress.
The story of Rome admonishes us
to distrust this illusion and to sound
the mind of our civilization more
deeply. To too many of us it seems a
shining mirror of perfection. If twen-
ty centuries of work and study place
lis, h fortunate heirs of an ancient
civilization. in a position to live more
safely and comfortably than our fore
fathers. do not permit us to alter at
our pleasure h moral value of vir.
tues and vices.
What were vices, faults, defective
inclinations of the will twenty centu-
ries ago, remain such today. Modern
civilization would commit the worst Of
all mistakes if. deaf to the great les
son of the uin of Rome, it boasted of
those defects which, In the ancient
world, destroyed one of the greatest
works of human mind and energy.
TO DISCUSS CITY GOVERNMENT.
Los Angeles. Cal. July S.--Dele-
gates from widely separated sections
of the country We're assembled in this
city today at the opening of the eigh-
teenth annual meeting Of the Nation
al Municipal league and the twentieth
annual conference for good city gov
eminent. The joint gathering will be
in session through the greater part Of
the week and will have many men and
women of wide prominence as speak
ers Expert city planning. commission
government for large cities, the oper-
alton of woman suffrage in Pacific
coast cities. the need of an adequate
civil service law, municipal finances.
the regulation of public utilities and
the liquor problems are some of the
leading topics scheduled for discus
sion. A civic exhibit treating of COM
~prehensive city planning. traffic and
transportation, parks, water supply
and kindred subjects, is being held in
connection with the meeting.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09
92 Q2yzIzzkRlAQRs MlISM lal IzM,ZNSN SIS. il I R2EEJPS{Q5{ES5I1TRs

ito Sea- Gt MuJsy July sIhs haann ur in which the state of New Jersey mahanHa summer mn for
nation Of Governor Woodrow Wilson score Off reporters arrived and lam umd that they WEI here Mv A
gher0hhho home is called GonorW Wilson fast making gMnds viii he ."s ~ nSr @ ue
is aoA constantly posing for photographers correspondents ao"
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09

An assortment Of big girls low heel
white canvas pumps and button OK
fords; all sizes included; very dainty
and comfortable for dress or street wear.
Regular S1.75 values, extra special per
pair $1.15.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-07-09

Choose from our entire line of chill
dren's and misses white canvas pumps
and oxfords; all sizes; low heel; very
dainty for summer wear. Regular $3.50
values. Extra special per pair $1.0O.
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1912-06-25

gotten the promise of campaign
funds from Wall street eight years
ago.
Mr.. Bryan said This is no
time for a campaign of pleasant
words and smooth phrases. We
need not deceive ourselves that that
which is done in a national con-
vention is due to secrecy. Ihe
delegates to this convention must
not presume on the ignorance OF
the people who did not come.
Those people will know that the
influences that dominated the Chi
cago convention and made it a
farce are here and more brazenly
at work than they were at Chi
cago."
81 have known men in the hum
BILE walks of life to risk their posi-
tons with the big railroad corpora
lions to assist in this fight for
progressive principles" said Mr..
Bryan.
With Thomas F. Ryan sitting on
the platform Bryan speaking OF
Parker's presidential campaign ex-
claimed; The country has not
forgotten that after corpora
ton management of the campaign
had alienated the rank and file
of the party, Wall street threw the
party down and elected a repub-
lican."
Colonel Bryan closed after a
forty minutes speech that held the
closest attention of the delegates.
Senator Kern then took the plat
form amid a Wild applause and
proposed that he and Judge Parker
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1912-06-25
PARKER ELECTED
BRYAN DEFEATED
New York Jurist VIII Preside
As Temporary Chair
OPPOSED BY NEbRASKAN
Senator Kern Nominated Bryan as
Candidate Tor the Guardianship.
Disorder Breaks Out in
the Convention.
Associated Press Special.

Associated Press Special.
Baltimore, Md, kJune 25-The
national democratic convention
which is expected to name the next
president OF the United States was
called to order by National Com
mitteeman Mack at 1916 O'Clock.
The first wave of applause to
break the stiffness of the great
gathering was occasioned when the
Texas delegation marched into the
convention hall waving a Wilson
banner
Nothing was done for the first
few minutes following the call to
order, many OF the delegates still
being in line outside having their
tickets inspected. Despite the de-
lay thus occasioned good order pre-
vailed
OPPOSING the national commit
| tees selection of Alton b. Parker
for temporary chairman, William
Jenning Bryan nominating Senate
| Kern in lengthy speech exciaim
, led: 1--WE are writing history toda
) and the country Is waiting TO hes
l whether this convention VIII 70
low Chicago in listening TO Il
0 voice of predatory wealth. M
Bryan said the people had not TO