davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

feeding a hog and lamb in the same
trough. H. Worst
Il. Crop Rotation Keeps Up Fertility.
Alfalfa and clover enrich the soil
in nitrogen and humus. Grasses add
humus Corn makes plant-food avail
able. Manure is the best fertilizer
8. Crop Rotation Eradicates Weeds.
The cultivation given corn and po-
tatoes kills weeds. Alfalfa. grasses
and clover crowd out weeds and pre-
vent their seeding.
4. Crop Rotation Eliminates Plant
Diseases and Insects.
Each plant-disease lives on GER
tain crop. Rotation removes that
crop for a few years. SO the plant
disease starves out. Insects likewise
prefer certain crops.
4 Crop Rotation Saves Moisture.
The cultivation given corn and po-
tatoes saves moisture. The humus
added by alfalfa, grasses, clover ana
manure increases the water-holdlng
capacity Of the soil. The. enriched
soil has a more concentrated solution
Of plant-food consequently the plants
need less water to make given
growth.
q. Crop Rotation Decreases the Drift
ing of the Soil.
The humus added by the alfalfa
srasses.* clover and manure holds the
soil-erains together. This prevents
drifting. lust as the bunch Of shingles
will not blow but when the band is
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26
AS A sOILING CROP.

On most farms where only . few acres
I think the most will be realized from
it. to cut the crop green and use It
for green feeding. It Is the best soil
ing crop that we can grow for all
kinds of farm animals. There are few
rations that cannot be improved both
in economy and efficiency by the adj
dition Of alfalfa.
When using 1t for soiling purposes
there is danger In feeding 1t to hungry
sheep and cattle unless fed In moder-
ate quantities after 1t has wilted. In
my own practice have found 1t safe
to allow 1t to become wilted before
feeding it to the sheep and cattle IN
the yards and stables.
In this way we can NOW enough
to last two or three days at time
and haul It to the various feeding
places for use when it is needed. 1t
will keep in excellent condition II
placed in cocks as soon as 1t Is wilted
and covered with cloth or canvas
covers. In this way 1t escapes drying
to brittleness and still keeps In ideal
condition for feeding.
There is no danger In feeding wilted
alfalfa to sheep and cattle that have
become gradually accustomed to eat
ing it. Many feeders give 1t to their
work teams, but it requires the best
Of Judgment to keep work teams IN
good vigorous condition and every
change in the line Of feeding should
be gradual. ~.~ s.
It Is a good plan to cut and cure
the first cutting for hay and then de-
pend upon the later cuttings to sup
plement the pastures. A few acres
of this valuable forage crop should
be esta blished on every stock farm
W. M. X.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

The first objection made. to saving
ones own seed i, is that flowers born
after seed pods are allowed to form
will not be as large and beautiful as
those gathered earlier. This Is true
of some plants, but not of all, and
flowers born late In the season are
seldom as fine as those appearing first
on the plant even though no SEEDS
are allowed to mature. s... .-..
Then, there are many plants that
are really benefited by being allowed
to bear seeds and so the amateur
florist has little reason for depending
upon others for her seeds when there
were plenty in her own garden, had
she only appreciated the fact.
Some people allow their morning
glories to seed themselves, but this Is
the lazy woman's way, and results
obtained would be much better had
she attended to the saving and the
seeding herself. ..:
In order to do this begin watching
the vine early in the year and when
you find a particularly large blossom
or one Of lovely tint, tie a bit of twine
around it's stem Just below the flower.
This bit. of Irvine need not be more
than an inch in length and will be
entirely hidden by the foliage. AS tho
seed pod grows watch it carefully.
and when a dark brown be sure to
gather it for next years sowing.
When this method of selecting and
improving stock is followed out one
cannot gather the whole supply at one
time and so a large envelope bearing
the names Of the flowers should be
used for holding the seeds AS they
are gathered place them in the en-
velope and whensthe last tiny husk
has been blown out and the seeds
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26
THE VALUABLE LEAF MOULD.

This term is applied TO leaves when
they are 30 thoroughly decayed Al to
readily separate into small particles.
Leaf mould Is q valuable manure In
many instances. especially on heavy
SOILS and one Of the most important
ingredients for the soil used In tho
successful cultivation Of the majority
Of plants.
It may be used freely. particularly
with the tender seedlings and cuttings
Of soft wooded subjects, provided 1t
be Of good quality and free from in
furious fungoid growths.
The production Of roots in young
plants of this description is induced
and accelerated with more certainty
by planting in this material than by
the use Of any other.
The quality Of leaf mould depends
very materially upon the sort Of leaves
composing 1t and in tho manner Of
preparation adopted.
It Is found from experience that
the best leaves are those collected
from a wood or othereplace where the
principal trees are beech and oak, and
where their leaves fall over a large
surface each year. and naturally decay
slowly, until those beneath the sur
face become changed into a light
mould.
In such instances such leaf mould
cannot be obtained on account Of tho
necessary removal of the leaves to
preserve tidiness; but, on the other
hand, its Importance and additional
value over that artificially prepared Is
not sufficiently recognized in many
places where quantities might be OBJ
tanned in woods. a1
Leaf mould Of good quality may be
used to the extent of about one-third
in composts for azaleas, greenhouse
rhododendrons. and many hne-rooted
plants Of this descrip-
ton. .
It may also with advantage be in
corporated along with peat in the
Of beds for nearly all
plants of the heath family which are
grown out Of doors. NH
Further, nothing Is better suited for
improving fiower-beds. or for adding
to soil of any description. for placing
round trees. shrubs or plants whose
roots 1t IS desired to encourage.
If leaves have to be gathered into
a heap for leaf mould, place should
be selected where they may be spread
rather thinly, so rs to avoid any ex-
cessive heating by fermentation.
The whole should be turned over |
so as to expose all parts |
in turn to the influence Of the weather |
and air. -... |
Where air cannot reach leaves that
are of somewhat hard, dry texture, |
their decay Is exceedingly slow, unless |
there are other substances intsrmixed
to hasten decomposition. -
i Water may be applied artincially for
the purpose. but It never has the Same
effect as rain, and II large heap IL
made, this latter cannot penetrate far
into tho interior.
Leaves should be collected free |
from sticks. II possible, as these are |
liable to encourage fungoid growths.
which, finding suitable medium for !,
in the leaf mould. will In
due course render 1t useless for plant
The time taken in reducing leaves
to mould or fine soil depends greatly
on the amount Of turning over and
other attention devoted to the prep
aration. |
Much may be done in one year, or
even less, but the quality is usually
better If longer time than this Is
r. Gilbert
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26
GATHERING FLOWER SEEDS

are ready to be laid away for the
winter, seal the envelope, being sure
to put it in cool, dry place.
All the smaller seeds should be
gathered in the same way, that is, by
putting in few each day until you
have all you want for the next years
will find some friend who has been
less provident and with whom you
will want to divide.
The pansy is one Of the plants said
to be injured by seeding, but I think
this will not be true l. the vitality Of
the plant is kept up by watering with
water which has been poured over
some good fertilizer. and especially If
only "a few seed pods are allowed to
ripen at once.
When one neglects the plants, al
lowing all the seed pods to mature and
then burst open. scattering over the
ground, the result will be disastrous to
the beauty Of the flowers born late IN
the summer. Saving few seed pods
from the choicest flowers will not
injure the plant and will insure
supply Of the particular shade so much
admired.
Asters, peoples. lady slippers, sinnas,
in fact, every plant that grows in the
garden bears seeds and once you have
tried gathering your own you will
never again feel willing to depend
upon the five and ten-cent packages
for your regular supply.
Sometimes you will want q new
shade or variety.
BY all means purchase this, but in
the hope of securing something better
don't allow treasured shade or spec
linen to bloom and wither and be lost
forever, rather than gather Its seed
for future sowing. -~ "
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

In the south it is found that sweet
potatoes fed to cows in connection
with cottonseed meal and wheat bran
will produce more milk than when
sorghum silage is substituted for sweet
potatoes. Even at the rate Of 140
pounds Of silage to 100, pounds Of
potatoes.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

called on him and was shown the place
and in an hours time had given
good bank account in exchange for the
land. The capitalist is now well-drill-
ing (and wondering), while the invest
or drives round occasionally in his car
to have a look.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

pail of skimmilk and the calves will
suck 1t up with great relish.
A woman in Niagara County, New
York, who fell heir to an old run
down farm struck out in a new way
and began to cultivate pennyroyal,
tansy, sage, mint and catnip. Her
weed crop now pays handsome =
and she is Independent.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

Four district agricultural schools
supported by the state have been
located in Arkansas. Legislature
appropriated 100000 for the equip
ment Of these schools and further
amounts will be augmented from the
localities where they are established.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

cut the wind carries the shingles away
one by one.
=. Crop Rotation With Live Stock
\ the Most Profitable.
In feeding crops to stock the pro-
duct secured is worth from twice to
several times as much as the crop.
The capital, work and expense needed
In feeding the crop is not as great as
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

but will lay we'll all summer and fall
when other fowls have largely stopped.
If you have accommodations for
them set a few hens or start an
incubator and later you will be able
to report good results.-Sylvanus Van
AIKEN. M-- ~.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

Two Pennsylvania men who own
1000 acres on the Blue Mountains in
Lehfgh county. Pennsylvania, will es-
tablish great Angora goat farm. The
land which is too lean for tilling or
even grazing cattle. will. it is believed
support goats. .a...
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26
IN THE OLD COUNTRY.

A Pennsylvania farmer bought a tract
of swamp land for Sill. His neighbors
rushed to the front with sympathy
thinking he was stung-which he was,
by the mosquitoes. He straightway
bought gallons of coal oil and poured
freely, ostensibly to kill the pests. A
few days later, however, a capitalist
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26
ing of the Soil.

Let the youngsters take day to
locate the nut trees so they can make
their winters haul when the heavy
frosts come
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

coming more valuable for those pur-
poses than for fertilizer, and the Won
der Is what these seashore farmers
will do next to obtain something to
enrich their SOIL
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

Thirty-three counties in Michigan
have adopted the county road system
and about 100000 will be spent In
improvements. The plan IL to improve
county trunk line roads at the sxpsnso
If the entire county.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

The hen has three reasons for eat
ing: to repair the tissues Of her body,
to keep herself warm, and to make
eggs. 1t therefore follows that her
diet must be varied and plentiful.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

Most Of the leaves will be off the
trees by the last of the month and
piles of them will have lodged In the
caves troughs-get them out before
the heavy rains come.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

The broom corn crop this year is
reported to be quite large and prices
are expected to range at $120 to $3.50
per ton.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

This is a good time to make prep
arations for harvesting thespotato crop
get the boxes and crates ready
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

jerking back and forth. caused by
With the fastening Of chain near the
end of each double tree the trouble is
obviated.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

Have you found 20o-egg hen yet?
Well, you never will If the lice and
mites are thick In your poultry house.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

It takes a pretty good blacksmith
to point a pillow properly and unless
one has the knack and skill better
not try II. IT,, r.. Ill.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

Cuban police officers recently bought
a large number of fine horses In Mis-
souri, for the use of the mounted police
Of Cuba.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

1. Crop Rotation IL Crop Corpora
ton.
Rotation includes crops that pre-
pare the land for the next crop. In
continuous grain-growing, weeds, in
sects and plant diseases are encour-
aged. Wheat, not being a fighter like
these, gets the worst of the battle.
Letting weeds grow in grain Is like
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

The early fall rains and late sum
ner suns will very soon put plo"
LOTT in the field to the bad. -.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

Easy to heave over the fence arms
full OF green corn. but go slow on feed
ing this at the start
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

TO HITCH A CORNSTALK POLE
Hooking a stalk pole by fastening
a long chain from notches to cleaverD
in the center Of the double tree, often
causes lot of trouble by the ends
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26

You cannot get 5000 colt from a
IS stallion service.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1912-11-26
rotate The CROPS and keep STOCK
This Will Bring Prosperity To You And Your Community

BY Prof. @. w. Palmer, North Dakota.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1912-12-16

primary grades. Mrs. Emma L.
Weir.
(c) What are some of the best books
to be read by children in the inter
mediate and higher grades? Why?
Lula Candell. Nina Baldridge.
III. General discussion.
Friday, December 9th.
q a I. m. To II NJ.
L. The Importance of teaching a uniform
course Of study in all public schools:
Una May Thompson.
III. General subject: The Importance Of
having healthy exercises and games
during recreation and their effect in
the development of the mind and
body of a child
(a) The games / would recommend,
and why: Bessie Vertrees, Antonio
Adame.
(b)The exercises | would recommend
and how they contribute to the de-
velopment Of a child: Ophelia L..
Worq.
(c) The best indoor exercises: Ethel
Hart.
III. General discussion.
1:30 p. m, to 4 D. m.
/. Why should agriculture be taught in
our public schools? II. II. Hiatt.
III. General subject Music and singing.
their value and place in Il public
schools.
(a) The value of teaching children
patriotic songs in the public schools.
Bessie Gudlam.
(b) The effect of patriotic songs OH
the citizen. Evie ChandOin.
(c) Songs / would recommend to be
taught in the schools: Alma Bal.
drige, Lille Howell.
III. General discussion.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1912-12-16
CALL FOR THE TEACHERS INSTI-
TUTE.

The annual institute for teachers is
hereby called to meet in the Brownsville
Public School Building, December 21st,
1912, at 10 o'clock a. m, and will con-
tinue in session for five DAYS; namely,
Saturday, Monday, Tuesday, Thursday
and Friday. Every teacher in Cameron
Cousty is earnestly requested to be pres
ent at the time and place above indicat-
ed.
Every teacher to whom a subject is as
signed il required to prepare a 15-minute
sS2y thereon.
j. Il. CANNLES,
County Supt. of Pub. Inst.
PR A NJ
for the
7cachers' Institute of Cameron County
To be held in Brownsville. Texas,
December u to p, 1912.
Approved by State Supt. L. Nj. Bradley
Saturday, December 21st.
9 a. H.. to l. Nj.
address of Welcome: Mayor A b. Cole.
Response: Prof. VIM. Z. Sturgeon.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1912-12-16


Hot Chocolate at the Elite Confection-
airy.
Here for Health.-Dr. r. w. Skipper,
Of LOvelady, Texas, and his son., DR.. c.
w. Skipper of Crockett, Texas, are Wis.
itors in Brownsville. The senior DR..
Skipper is here for his health, which has
improved considerably during a short
stay here. The younger Skipper has
been practicing his profession at Rio
Grande City. but expects to locate in
Brownsville shortly.
Late Delivery by the manufactures en-
ables us to show You some handsome bar
gains in Ladies' Coats. All new styles
and all Observation-Disclosures.
Grandi to Stay Longer.-Because Of
the inclement weather of last week, the
.Grandi Stock Co. has decided to stay in
Brownsville all of this week, and will be-
gin the program tonight with "Tho
.COnvict's Daughter" a drama in four
acts. The usual street concert will be
given by the Grandi c%ompany's band OH
Elizabeth street this afternoon. Miss
.O'Neill arried in the city last night to
join the company, and will take part
in the performance tonight.
Fruit, Pound and Layer Cakes. assert
ed pies. Send in order. Union Bakery.
1212-G.
Fresh Home Made Candy every day.
Free delivery Elite Confectionery.
Reduction on Millinery-1-2 price off on
all ready to wear and pattern hats.-Bol.
lacks.
Bazaar Opens Tonight.-The Christ.
mas Bazaar of the Ladies' Altar Society
of the new st. Joseph's Catholic Church,
will open tonight in the Brownsville
Opera House, corner of Levee and Tenth
street. The Bazaar was to have been
opned last Monday, but was postponed
because of the Indictment weather. 1t will
last all the week, opening every even
ing at 5 o'clock. The booths have all
been prepared and are in readiness for
the opening. A brilliant array Of ar
Iticles Of every description suitable for
Christmas gifts will fill the beautifully
decorated booths. A short musical and
dramatic program will be given each ev-
ening from 8 to 0, during which sales
will be suspended. Every evening Will
be full of interest.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1912-12-16

L. Should a business course be taught in
the Public Schools?-B. A. Chaud-
ion.
III. General Subject: How to teach
Spanish speaking children.
(a) In the primary grades: Emilia
Fernandez, Louisa Sails.
(b) In the intermediate grades. Mel
vina s.. Jagou, Emilia Campbell.
(c) In the higher grades. Mrs. Daisyl
Holt.
III. General discussion, in which each
teacher present is required to take
part.
Monday, December Ord.
900 a. IN, to II NJ.
L. What is essential in a successful
teacher, especially in Cameron
County. Jewell Barron.
Ill. General subject: The best methods
of teaching reading.
(a) In the primary grades: Eta Ber-
ger, VI. G.. LongOria.
Oh Ii the intermediate grades: Wv
ian McAleese, Laura VI. Hatch.
(c) To n-English speaking children:
Josephine Webb, Leono @. Cavazos.
III General discussion.
1.30 p. m. to 4 p. m.
/. The value of appropriate opening ex-
e~rcises. OF what should they con-
sist: Nina NJ. Smith.
III. General Subject: Hygiene in our
public schools.
(a) In the primary grades: Louise
Berger, Emielyn B. Russell.
(b) In the intermediate grades: Lola
Shipman. Ella Nj. Anderson.
(c) A teachers duty to instruct on,
and enforce the rules of hygiene:
Mrs. Ruth A. Wood, Emma Web
ster.
III. General discussion.
Tuesday, December oath.
9 a m. to II NJ.
/. Mathematics in the primary grades;
their effect upon the development of
the young mind: Mabel w. Harrison.
II. General subject: Geography, its i'm
pOrtance and the best methods of
teaching it.
(a) Why is geography important?
Celia B. Burns.
Y, OBJ The best method of making geog-
raphy interesting: Maud johnson,
May Scanlan.
(c) The relative values of geography
and history: Lula Champion, Lucille
Smith.
iii. General discussion.
1:30 y. m, to 4 p. m.
I. The advantage of introducing into
our public schools manual training
and domestic science: Prof. C.. s.
Witsaman.
III. General subject: The Importance of
discipline and the best methods of
enforcing it.
(a) Is punishment necessary? If so,
what kinds of punishment should be
administered Pearl Bolts.
(b) What methods do YOU pursue in
enforcing discipline? Nellie Rainey,
Josephine Johnson.
(c) What discipline should be used
Mrs Lillian NJ Smith.
Ill. General discussion.
Thursday, December Goth.
ga. m, to Il NJ.
/. Mathematics in the higher grades.
Does it contribute to the develop
ment of the memory? Prof. VIM. T..
Sturgeon.
III. General subject: History. Its i'm
portance and the best methods of
teaching it.
| (a) Texas History, and why it is es-
sential in the development of a loyal
citizen: Caral Smith.
Cb) L. s. History, and why it is ben
eicial for the preservation of our
form of government. Donnella
Smith.
(c) What methods I use in teaching
history: NJ. f. Terrell, Sylvia u.
Anglin.
III. General discussion.
1.30 p. m, to 4 p. m.
i. The importance of literature in the
intermediate grades: Aura Daven-
port.
II. General subject: Should the forma-
ton Of literary societies be encour-
aged in our public schools?
(a) Should a teacher encourage the
reading Of fiction? Lucie Weems.
(b) Literature and story telling in the
=
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1912-12-16

FOR SALE-At a bargain; 1S9 acres or
any part of same from 10 acres up. 3 IL
miles southwest of Edinburg right OH
the canal. No better location or land i'll
the Valley. For particulars call or
write to B. Weyand at Edinburg Hotel.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1912-12-16

Late Delivery by the manufactures ell
ables us to show you some handsome bar
gains in Ladies' Coats. All new styles
and all Observation-Disclosures.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1912-12-16
NOTICE TO JURORS.

Jurors summoned to appear Monday,
December 16, 1912, for the 9Th week of
the November term Of the District Court
of Cameron County, Tex, are excused
from attending. BY order of the court.
LOUIS KOWALSKI.
Clerk District Court.
Cameron County, Tex.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1912-12-16
CITY NEWS

-. - -. e..
Hot Chocolate at the Elite COnfection-
airy.