davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-12-28
BAPTIST

BAPTIST
First Baptist, corner Third avenue
and Fifteenth street Rev. II. W.
Reed, pastor. Sunday school at $3.50
a m. Services at 1O:45 a m. and 1880
p. N. Morning theme, "F'ifty-twO
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1912-12-28
EPISCOPAL

EPISCOPAL
Trinity Episcopal church, Nine
tenth street and Sixth avenue. Rev.
Granville H. Sherwood, rector. Ser
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13
Credit Is Your Privilege.

his pound of flesh. That forced the
twelfth amendment. which made it pos
sible for presidential and wee presidential
candidates to be voted for separately.
When it was framed John Quincy Adams
had just come to Congress and he was one
Of those who thought that il the electoral
colleges should fail to make choice the
House of Representatives should make
its choice from the five leading .candl-
dates, instead of from the three leading
candidates. Had his view prevailed he
would have failed to be elected President
in 1925, for that would have left Clay in
Speaker at this time he probably would
have been elected himself.
When the constitutional convention
gave the state legislatures power to APP
point electors it little knew that in less
than half century from that date every
state iii the Union. except one would
be choosing electors by popular vote
When the popular method came first into
use it was the idea that electors should
be chosen just as senators and repre-
SentatiVeS are chosen today, the two cleo
tors-at-l large by the vote of the whole
state and the others one by each district.
But the large states, seeing that they
could better dominate things by electing
all their electors as a statewide body,
proceeded to choose them that way. This
gave them such performance that the
smaller states, in order to prevent their
votes from being split up and neutraliZed,
followed suit and that is why the fifteen
million voters of the United States VIII
vote for the whole number of electors in
their respective states in November in
stead of for only three-two-at-large and
one for the voters own district.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13

| Prall. granted ten days sick leave
Third Lieut.. {. +. knickern. prepara-
| tory orders TO the Winona about Novem-
! Der l.
First Lieut.: f. s. Addison. granted
| thirty days leave
Second Lieutenant of Engineers J. T.
Carr. preparatory orders to Gresham
about November 20.
First Lieutenant of Engineers O. b.
Newman, preparatory orders to VIM
dom November 10.
Second Lieutenant r. r. wacsche
ordered 10 Arcata upon arrival of Nc
Colloch at Port Townsend.
Captain Of Engineers W. Pedirck de-
tached from duty as feet engineer
Boring sea fleet, and ordered to resume
duty tommanding officer. southern
division. Pacific coast
First Lieutenant of Engineers :. VI.
Rock. detached from Golden Gate and
ordered TO Tahoma. Preparatory orders
10 Manning revoked.
First Lieutenant of Engineers T. q.
Lewton detached from Manning and
ton Will permit.
First Lieutenant Of Engineers l.. G.
Farwell, detached from Tahoma and
ordered TO Manning.
Third Lieutenant of Engineers 4. T..
Lukens. detached from Rush and order
ed to Tahoma. Relieved from duty on
Manning.
ington on official business.
Third Lieutenant Of Engineers III. Y.
Perham, detached from Tahoma and
ordered to Mohawk.
Third Lieutenant of Engineers NJ y.
Doyle detached from ThetiS and order
ed to AndroscOggin.
Third Lieutenant of Engineers III. NJ.
Doron is granted ten days leave of alb
sence.
First Lieutenant of Engineers NJ. y.
Crsina. preparatory orders to the 40
hawk from the Rush.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13
REVENUE CUTTER SERVICE.

Vineyard and Nantucket sounds, Massa-
chusetts. particularly the latter, because
of it's numerous shoals and the large
number of vessels that traverse it each
year give the cutters stationed in their
vicinity much of the work they have to
do in assisting vessels in distress. and of
the eight assistance reports sent to the
division of the revenue cutter service in
the past week four of them We're from
First Lieut.. W. A. Wiley, commanding
the cutter Acushnet. whose territory lies
schooner William and Guy was found off
Nauset light, Mass, with sails gone and
in need of aid The men from the
Nauset life-saving station had gone
what help they could, but on the coming
of the Acushnet the vessel was turned
over to the cutter which towed her into
Providencetown. the nearest port.
The schooner Charles H. Trickery.
bound from Port Reading, n. J., to Port
land with COAL got into trouble Off Chat
ham, Mass. and an appeal was sent TO
the cutter. which responded promptly and
took the vessel into Vineyard Haven.
The schooner Cakes Ames laden with
coal from ElizabethpOrt. n. j., and
bound to New England port, was found
in Stag Harbor Mass. on a lee shore and
in danger Of grounding should she at
tempt to beat out. The vessel had been
III d gaze anu Ildu lOSt ollc VI
her anchors. She, too. was taken to
Vineyard Haven for repairs.
The schooner Charles Luling partially
dismasted and in such condition that her
crew were about to abandon her. was
found three miles northwest Of the Sow
and Pigs shoal. Nantucket. The fore
mast of the schooner was gone close to
the deck and the main and mizzen top
masts were missing. In addition to this
the schooner was leaking. She was
taken to New Bedford. where repairs can
be made.
The cutters Gresham from Boston and
the Acushnet from Woods Hole went to
the aid, in the latter part Of last week,
of the schooner Charles A. Campbell.
which was ashore in the vicinity of
Nauset light. The vessel was f1oated
and taken into harboT for repairs.
Two parts of one derelict We're de-
stroyed with gun cotton mines in the past
week by the derelict destroyer Seneca,
Capt. Johnston. The first was one end
of large freight barge, which was found
adrift six miles south Of Scotland light
ship. The second reported two days aft
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13
A Call to Patriotism.

rom -. NicnclIs.
our country Is 50 big that We may
sometimes feel that we cannot .taks
il all in Well. that's just where the
opportunity and the challenge lies.
must be large-hearted if I am going
to measure up To my country for, in
that old oratOrical phrase, she reaches
from the Atlantic TO the Pacific. and
from Canada TO the Gulf of Mexico.
To be base-hearted man in America
is worse than to be evil in any other
country. and to throw away chances
here is more unworthy than any
where else in the world. IL was a
new call to ME as | came back home
from continents cut up like checker
boards to a continent spread out like
wheat field. l did not love Europe
less. but i did love America more: and
think | had the right TO do So For
it seemed TO me at that moment as II
/ owed TO my land everything i'm me that
could be called big. or noble, or fair, or
decent, or worth while.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13
A Handy Life-Insurance Policy.

From the Wide World Magazine.
A curious festival takes place annually
IN the village of Isobe. in the southern
province of Japan. The festival is called
the Omita. and attracts large crowds from
the ne:ghboring districts. The young
men. stripping of their clothing. take
their positions in rice field where they
struggle violently with one another for
possession OF "A decorated bamboo pole
The man who succeeds in pulling the pole
down promptly cuts il into pieces. which
he distributes among his less fortunate
competitors. retaining portion for him
self 1t is believed that IL any one meets
with a storm out at sea he can easily
save himself from watery grave by
simply throwing a portion of this pole
into the sea. With handy life-insuranca
price of a little e.lort, il can be under
stood that the struggle for the pole Is
distinctly strenuous one.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13
Quiet at College Park.

There was no flying at College Park
yesterday afternoon. Both the big Wrigh;
machines were shipped Yesterday to Fora
Riley. Kan, where they will be operated
by Lieuts- Arnold and Milling during
practice there for controlling artillery
fire from ae"oplanes as an observation
station. This scheme has been tried
in the French army and works 10 perfec-
ton.
The only new machine at College Park
that was left to fly was the big Bur
CESS tractor that has not yet been flown
here. There was some trouble with tht
main shaft of the motor. and the engine
had to be pulled 10 pieces before tn.
defect could he remedied.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13
GE|GER IN TWO FLIGHTS
IN ARMY HyDRO-AERO
Uses Machine Equipped With
All the Most Modern
Safety Devices.

Lieut. Harold Geiger of the army flying
quad made two flights in the Curtiss
nydro-aeroplane al the Washington bar
-acks station Yesterday afternoon The
saaci me IS :he regular two-man-control
;ype Of Curtiss b!plane, but is fitted with
tito extensions OF the upper plane that
gives decidedly more lift. The machine
has a low floaf also. a single pontoon
instead of the catamaraa type seen on
The earlier hydro-aeraplanes 1t has the
advantage of being handler cn the water
and lights easier without the constant
danger of breaking one or the other
float as often happens If both the Goats
Of the double pontoon machine do not
strike the water at the same time.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13
Self-Starting Device.

The machine is the first of the army
ma chimes to be fitted with self-starting
device. II can be cranked from the
seat more easily than an automobile. and
II for any reason an aviator has to stop
lis motor and make a landing on the
water. he can start his engine and resume
flying without assistance. In military
work this is d great consideration.
The first flight Lieut.. Geiger made yes
terday was alone. from the barracks
station to Alexandria and return. He
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13

Who will be the next President of the
United States? Woodrow Wilson? Or
Theodore Roosevelt? Or will President
Taft be reelected and thus put on
choosing the next" President until 1916?
Or will the next President he James
* Sherman, Thomas r. Marshall or
Hiram Johnson?
Or will he be Philander Chase Knox?
If neither Taft, Wilson or Roosevelt
can. command a majority of all of the
electoral votes. then the House of Rep
resentatives will choose one of them,
voting by states. But since the House Is
deadoCked on party division by states,
then the succession will go to the Vice
President to be chosen by the Senate. 1t
the electoral colleges. the vice presi-
Dental candidate receives a majority in
the electoral colleges. the vice-presi-
Dental race also will be undecided.
The Senate is restricted by the Const-
tuition to the choice of one of the two
highest candidates. that the choice
may he between Marshall and Sherman,
or Marshall and Johnson, with the very
remote contingency of Il choice between
Sherman and Johnson. But If neither of
the two highest men receives a majority
of the whole membership of the Senate,
then the Secretary of State will become
President on March 4. no successor TO
President Taft having been chosen. Thus
Mr.. Knox would become acting President
and he would. under the law. be forced
would. in turn. order another election
for President.
When there are but two principal par
ties contending for the control of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13

then made similar flight carrying Lieut.
Chandler of the Coast Artillery. who j.,
one of the candidates for the fiyin,,
squad
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13

II the Senate could not choose between
the two highest men for Vice President
then March T.
Secretary Knox when Presi-
Would Be President. ,a ia..
he would be succeeded under the law of
1857 by the Secretary of State, since
cabinet officers terms do not expire by
limitation, but are continued until their
successors are named But a cabinet Of
ficer thus succeeding would be only Act
ing President. and he would be required
under the law TO call an extraordinary
session of Congress TO make arrange
ments for another election for President
1t Is the purpose of this series of ar
ticles to tell the story of the American
electoral system from the beginning.
showing how il was established how it
has been changed. and telling those strik-
ing incidents in the history of presidential
elections which reveal its Weaknesses as
well as its merits.
Everybody knows that the fathers
thought the people were not fit to choose
their chief magistrate. and they never
intended that the people should have that
right, any more than the people now in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS.
1.-The Electoral Colleges.
II-Origin of Our Electoral System.
By Frederic J. Haskin.

tend to give it up. They never thought
that electors would become mere pup
pets to register instructed votes or
'marionettes in Punch and Judy show
as John ]. ingalls, once called them, any
more than they intended to turn the
country over to England the next day
Benjamin Harrison, himself once elect
ed and once defeated in the electoral COL
leges. declared that he did not know of
a single instance in which an elector
had assumed to register his own will
or views other than those he was dele
gated to register. He expressed the opin-
ion that an elector who would be guilty
of such bad faith in times of great ex-
element might be in danger of lynch
law
Mr. Justice Story. in a carefully pre-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13
Found No Instance
of Elector Shifting

of Elector Shifting. m "n pef' pres a-
dental elections. seventy-six years in ALL
he had failed to find d single instance
of an electors exercising a discretionary
rather than a ministerial power in cast
ing his vote. During that time nearly
1880 electors had voted
The statement of Justice Story may or
may not be true. but many authorities be-
iieve there have been few exceptions
for instance. the New Hampshire eector
who voted for John Quincy Adams In
$50 is cited one elector who voted his
own will. being impelled to his action by
an unwillinSness to have James Monroe
stand with George Washington as the
only man who had been unanimously
chosen President.
In the election of 1924 the Jackson
Adams Crawford-C free-for-all race.
the New York electors We're appointed.
Three OF them who We're expected to vote
for Clay switched over to the other can
didates, one to Jackson, one to Crawford,
one to Adams. Had they voted for Clay.
according to their instructions. Clay and
Crawford would have tied for third place.
and most interesting constitutional
question would have arisen when the
election reached the House to whether
both Clay and Crawford should be in
cluded in the three highest names to be
chosen from, or whether the choice would
have been limited to Jackson and Adams.
Since Mr.. Clay was himself Speaker of
the House the question might have come
UP to him for decision. But as it was
Clay was the fourth man, his name did
not go into the House, and Adams was
elected.
There We're several other similar in
stances in the earlier elections, but in
recent years-in fact, for generation-no
suggestion that an elector might use his
own discretion in casting his vote has
been heard until this very year.
x +
When tn constitutional convention of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13
Popular Choice
Opposed in South,

slaves of the south could not be allowed
to vote, and that. based on the white
population, the south would have COM
paratively small say in the choice Of a
President. He stated that speaking for
himself alone he would be willing to give
up whatever advantage the south would
have to forego if that could make pos
sible the election of the President by
the people directly
Dickinson of Delaware proposed that
each state should select it's best man and
put him forward as it's candidate for the
presidency, and that then the choice
other body, either by Congress or by
electors appointed by Congress. Think
what a happy time We would have elect
ing President today If the Dickinson
plan had gone through. We would have
had forty-eight states. each choosing a
presidential candidate, and then Congress
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13
Changed Its Mind
Number of Times.

something of record for the number of
/ times it changed its mind and also for
| the number of plans thG: We're brought
| forward and considered. TIL cone thing
| that seemed foremost in the minds of the
ma ority of the members of the conven-
! ton was the necessity of keeping the
choice out of the hands of Congress ION
the one hand and out of the hands of the
people on the other.
! Mason of Virginia said that it would be
as bad folly to trust the People to choose
the President as II would be to let blind
man match colorS. Madison declared that
| he felt that to let Congress make the
choice would be to make the President a
creature of its will, and therefore abso-
lutely lacking in backbone in his dealing
with it. Some one proposed that the
choice be left to Congress. and the eligi-
bilty of a President limited to one term
To this Gouverneur Morris replied that if
the road to civil glory be shut the Presi-
dent might feel himself compelled to seek
renown by the sword.
The main reason why the choice by the
people was opposed was that the influence
of the Society of the Cincinnati was feared
One member asserted that If the choice
We're left with he people the dominating
influence of the members of this organ
iZaation in every community would line
up tn evoters as the shepherd herds his
flock, and that the country would degen-
crate into a Cincinnat-bossed institution.
This argument seemed to carry convic-
ton with the majority of the members,
for after it was made the convention
! seemed unwilling to trust anything in the
hands of the people themselves.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13
Many Plans
Were Discussed

each medium-siZed state, and one men,
Der from each small state. When members
proposed that the choice should be re-
posed in Congress Madison opposed it,
saying it was highly important to keep
the President free from legislative entan-
clements. He said that while he reGarded
the people as the tittest source of presi-
Dental power if proper safeguards could De
thrown around their choice he saw but
little chance to provide such safeguards,
and that therefore he favored the choice
by electors. Gerry wanted a President
chosen by electors. but he thought the
electors, in turn, should be chosen by the
governors Of the states. When the ques-
ton finally came up whether the choice
should be by electors. North Carolina.
South Carolina and Georgia all voted
against it.
There was much fear one the part Of
some members of the convention that
electors would not measure up to the
best standards OF citizenship. One of
them announced his belief that they
would not be first or even second rate
citizens and that consequently no one
need expect wise choices to be hade
under such circumstances. Eldridge
Gerry proposed that electors seemed
to be objectionable the legislatures Of
the several states should ballot on the
question of who should be the next Pres-
dent and that out of the four leading
candidates thus disclosed the United
States Senate should make the choice
of the next chief executive. Still another
member proposed that fifteen members
of the Senate should be chosen by lot
and that they should Immediately with
draw and make their selection OF a Pres
ident.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13

me Constitution requires moreover
that "A majority of all the states be given
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13

When there are but two principal par
ties contending for the control of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13

One member proposed that the rresi-
dent should be chosen by small body of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13

If the Senate could not choose between
the two highest men for Vice President
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13

Madison admitted that the real reason
why the south could not be brought to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13

political affairs
of the nation
little thought is
given to our
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-10-13

1t provided that each state should ap-
point in any manner the leglsiature
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1912-01-24
SNEDAKER
DIES SUDDENLY
IN HELENA
OlD-TIME RAILWAY CONDUCTOR
SUCCUMBS TO ATTACK OF
HEART DISEASE.

Helena, Jan. 23.-(SpeciaL) death
came suddenly last night to Charles r.,
Snedaker, one of the old-time North
ern Pacific conductors. Mr.. Snedaker
was around town last night and this
morning his dead body was found on
the porch of his residence, death re-
sulting from sirrtfrt4 4faffurc. Mr.. ,Sncd-
aker had not been in good health for
year. 1t Is supposed he had a suf-
fering spell last night, and went on
the porch to get some air He lived
alone. and nothing was known of his
serious illness until neighbor found
the body.
Mr. Snedaker was one of the first
conductors on the Northern Pacific
when it was built through Helena,
running west out of Helena until the
big strike. lie went out with the
other men, and for several years fol-
lowed mining, but later went back 10
the road. and for years ran on the stub
from Butte to Logan. He retired about
year ago. He was 62 years old. He
leaves daughter who lives in Me-
vada and IA brother and two sisters
who do not reside in Montana.
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1912-01-24
MRS. la CAAPELlE
DIES AT HOME
IN BUTTE
MOTHER OF MRS. w. A. CLARK
GIVES IN TO ILLNESS OF
BUT A FEW HOURS.

Butte. Jan. 23-tSpecial)--M
Philomene J. La Crapellc. one of the
best known pioneer women % the
northwest. Is dead, She was 60 Years
old. IShe passed into the slccp that
knows no waking a AIS O'Clock this
afternoon, euccumbing to an attack of
double pnei'lssssnia that claimed her
within IL hours after the disease as
serted itself. The end came at her
home, 311 IL West Park street. so
suddenly and without warning that IT
has shocked and palled the thousands
of friends of the family in this city be-
yond measure.
Mrs. La chapello's sons and daugh
ters. Mrs. w. A. Clark wife of former
United States Senator Clark: Arthur
in New York city when death came
and are now hurrying across the CON
tinent to attend the funeral the date
Of which has not as yet been deter
mined.
The malady which claimed Mrs. Ia
Chapelle developed from slight cold
which first manifested itself early In
the week Monday afternoon she ap-
parently was In the best of health, do
ing her shopping and attending to the
duties of her home with characteris-
tic energy. In the evening she chatted
and visited with friends until mid
night She complained Of a pain In
her side, but 1t was not so acute as to
cause alarm Early this morning
double pneumonia, an almost hopeless
malady for one OF her age. developed,
and DIR. II. J. Haviand, the family
physician. was called. Realizing the
serious nature of the case, he called A
consultation Of physicians. but the pa
tient had passed beyond the pale of
human aid and the END followed In "A
few hours.
Mrs. Arthur La Clapelle was the
only member of the immediate family
In the city and she was with Mrs. La
Chapelle in her last hours. Mrs la
Chapelle had been a resident of Butte
for % years and her death affected
this city as does the death of few
women