davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-02

delegate may have to submit to
good deal of inconvenience and discom-
fort during a convention, but the patriotic
Importance he enjoys for the time is more
than worth the sacrifice.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-02

DIn order to avoid delays on account OF
personal absence letters TO THE STAR should
not be addressed to any individual connected
with the Office but simply TO THE STAR. or to
the Editorial or Business Department. according
TO tenor or purpose.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-02

The remark that cooperation is better
than competition is attributed to Mr.
George W. Perkins. The man who is no,
in on the gentleman's agreement cannot
be made to see this.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-02
The Game of History.

king is gay and powerful, were told,
Respected as the leader in the race,
Until some revolutionist so bold
Comes round imagining he is the ace.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-02
Not Working Well.

From the Chicago Record Herald.
There seems to be a great deal Of
room for Improvement in the prefer
entail primary laws throughout the
country. In fact. some OF them don't
seem to be any better than the Sher-
man law.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-02

its primaries Mr.. Roosevelt has con-
cluded that the big town has grown even
wickeder than when he was police COM
missioner.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-02

Being a sugar trust director involves
! such an amount of personal annoyance
| in the way of trials that the position
| ought to command liberal compensation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-02

Old campaigners say that it is never
wise to set a presidential boom out in the
open until the time of year is past when
frost Is liable to damage the fruit crop.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-02

There are now nearly a dozen long
months ahead of us when IL will not be
necessary to worry about whether March
will come in like lamb or a lion
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-02

Some of the state legislatures show
great fortitude in continuing to do bust
ness in spite of the stories that have gone
the rounds about them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-02

One of the London suffragettes has de-
nounced fine clothes. 1t sounds like an
effort to get some of the husbands favor
ably interested.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-02

The hunt for the Allen outlaws now at
large threatens to be as long as a con-
gressional investigation, though much
more exciting.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-02

1t is wrong to say that the sugar trust
does not respect the law. 1t has the
deepest admiration for the statute of lin
Itations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-02

Payable IN advance-by mail, postage prepaid:
Daily. Sunday included. one month. 90 cents
Daily. Sunday excepted, one month. 90 cents
Saturday Star. 81 year. Sunday Star. y 40 year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-02
Clean Up!

From the Chicago Record Herald.
AT about this time of the year the
vacant lot begins to be o good thing
to clean up.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-02

The departure of DR.. Wiley leaves the
Secretary of Agriculture short = handed
right in the middle of busy time.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-02

Entered as second-class mail matter at the post
ONCE at Washington. d. @.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-02

The Evening Star, with the Sunday morning
edition Is delivered by carriers within the city
at Is cents per month: daily only. 25 cents per
month: Sunday only, 20 cents per month. Orders
NAV be sent By mail. telephone Main 2440
Collection Is made By carrier at the end Of each
month.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-02

Business once. iith 81. and Pennsyivania Avenue.
New York once: Tribune Building.
Chicago once: First National Bank Building.
European Once: Regent ST.. London. England.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-02
Satin
backed
Black
Velvet
Ribbon T?

Here IS a
piece of X o o d
news TO YOU
just the widths
that are most
wanted now. in
eXcepti o N a lily
good qualities.
ON orr ow at
these prices. Is
this an opportu-
nifty to take adj
vantage of at
once? 1t most
certainly is,
no =, yo-, &C.
No. 3. yd., &c
No. ). yd., l2lsc.
No. 4. I'd, l5c.
No. 2. I'D, 2oc.
No. II, I'd. &c.
No. 10. yd., 29c.
No. -, yd.. Soc.
Bin. Ribbon. 45c.
Ain. Ribbon. SIC.
Din. Ribbon. sc
Ribbon Store
Street Floor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-02

Have You Noted
{ h o Extensive
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-02

1t is A l. l.
LINEN. and a
weight and quail
ity that is sell
dom seen at
such a low price.
Be quick tomor-
row to take ad-
vantage of the
low price. Wash
Goods S t or e.
Street Floor.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1912-03-14
We5uIt Showing
(By L A. WARREN, Formerly Assistant
Agriculturist. United States Depart

tBy / A. WARREN, Formerly Assistant
Agriculturist. United States Depart
ment % Agriculture)
On the average, the hog house is
the poorest building on the farm and
the least adapted to the purpose for
which IL was intended. Good barns
may be seen on a large proportion of
the farms, but are generally hard to
find. II is economy to put up first the
buildings that will help most to make
money. A large portion of the farm
ers recognize this and build a good
barn before putting up a good house,
saying "the barn will help build the
house but the house will never help
building the barn" This principle
seems to be lost sight of when 1t
comes to the hog house, yet no other
building on the farm pays for itself so
quickly. Unpublished data collected
by the writer show that good hog men
average about seven pigs raised to the
litter and many surpass this record.
The same data indicate that the gen.
eral average raised on the farm does
not exceed four pigs TO the litter. This
wide difference is very largely due to
the housing.
Many houses which cost enough to
be good are thoroughly unfit for the
purpose because the sun cannot shine
into the pens. Nearly every large hog
house is deficient in either sunshine or
ventilation, or In both.
The illustration shows a house built
by one Of the most prominent Duroc
breeders after careful study. 1t is
most serviceable structure and one of
the best the writer has ever seen. 1t
is one OF the few hog houses that
have proved so satisfactory that the
owners are willing to duplicate them.
This house has been copied by num-
ber of farmers in the vicinity, some Of
whom, however, have made the mis-
take of building a longer house and
not making provision for outside pens
for the extra inside pens.
The walls are sheathed, papered,
and sided. The roof is shingled The
outside floors on the east, west, and
south are 6 feet wide. This house is
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1912-03-14

being done in certain areas in the Big
Bend country in Washington. True,
these crops cannot be obtained every
year, but they are obtained once in
two years. II may not be possible to
depend on getting a crop of fruit ey-
cry year on a rainfall so low, but il
may be done In areas not too far
south on n rainfall of twelve to fifteen
inches A grower In Colorado has OBJ
tanned excellent returns from growing
apples, plums and cherries, without
irrigation. on rainfall Of about
fourteen inches. In Tunis, northern
Africa, olives are grown on precipi-
tation Of about fourteen inches in
year
To Try to grow trees however, as
they are grown in humid areas, would
be folly If a hole is dug in the ground
and the tree is put in there and left
II will almost certainly die either the
year Of planting or the year follow
ing The ground must be properly
prepared, the tree must be carefully
planted, and II must be given careful
cultivation for several years after II
is planted. Fruits must be given
equal care, even the small varieties.
II should certainly be the aim of
the homesteader to plant n windbreak
at the earliest date possible. He should
break up some ground on which to
plant the trees as soon as this can be
done. The ground should be summer
fallowed for at least one year before
the trees are planted. Moisture is
thus allowed TO penetrate the soil
and the grass is given some time In
which to decay.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1912-03-14
CARE OF THE YOUNG TREES
Young Child and Must Have
Constant Attention.

The first year after the tree is
planted II must have constant care. 1t
Is like a child. Its first years Of
training determine its character or
form. After the main branches have
become fixed all the pruning the trees
require is to give symmetry and reg
ular outline to the head by pinching
OFF the ends OF the shoots that have a
tendency TO outgrow the main
branches, and to remove such as are
likely TO be injured by rubbing to-
gether. or that are 80 thick as to In
terfere with good growth and ease in
gathering fruit.
While young the trees should be al
lowed to grow with rather a close
head TO protect the slender branches
from the hot sun. When they begin
to bear. the weight OF the fruit will
bend down the branches and open the
head, so that the sunlight and air
needed for the perfection OF the foil
ago and fruit viii enter. and a large
crop OF perfect fruit can be borne on
tree without large amount OF
foliage
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1912-03-14
TREES IN DRY AREAS
Success May Be Attained If Work
Is Done InteIIigentIy.
Ground Must Be Properly Prepared,
Trees Carefully Planted and Given
Cultivation for Several Years
PLANT . Wlndbreak.

One would imagine in traversing
much Of the serni-arid country that
but little can be done in growing wind
breaks, groves or forest trees and
also fruits because OF the almost en-.
tire absence Of these in the dry coun.
try. To conclude thus. however. is a
great mistake. The truth is. that these
are not much in evidence because no
attempts have been made TO grow
them, or II such attempts have been
made, they have not been made along
Intelligent lines. When one may travel
day after day In a tillable country, and
see no sign Of shrub or tree. save
low down by the edge OF stream. the
conclusion is not unnatural that these
cannot be grown
The truth is that where crops can
be grown, trees can be grown, II
grown on proper lines II would seem
possible to grow trees more surely on
a low precipitation than crops. for
when the trees are once well rooted.
the trees can go down and find mols.
ture at greater depths than are usu-
ly traversed by the roots OF plants.
This means then, that where the
rainfall Is ten inches, It is possible to
grow trees. II is possible to grow
good crops of grain with an annual
precipitation of ten inches. This is
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1912-03-14
TO SUCCEED IN CRY FARMING
Farmer Cannot Prosper With Grain
Aione--Llve Stock Must BE Made
the Basis OF Production.

Dean r. A. Burnett OF the Univer-
slty OF Nebraska says dry farming can
not prosper in the great plains area
as n grain farming system. The risk
on grain Is too great in dry season
Live stock must be the basis OF pro-
duction. II ls true that grazing lands
do not produce as much revenue or
profit per acre as good crops OF grain.
but neither do they entail such heavy
losses in bad years A large amount
OF water can be stored when II falls
in anything but light showers. AZ
North Platte water has been stored
as deep as fifteen feet in good years
and from four to six feet in drier
years. The season Of 1910 was, how
ever. very unfavorable to storing wa
ter and only thirteen bushels OF wheat
were harvested from land which had
previously grown from thirty to forty
six bushels. No grain at all was
harvested from land that was cropped
in 1910. It Is likely that the best re-
suits will be obtained by keeping
three-fourths of the land in grass and
devoting the balance to forage crops.
The farming unit must probably be
large but that does not mean that II
should contain much plow land
The homesteader as a rule is not
prepared to take advantage OF the
best scientific knowledge in the man
agement of his land. Deep plowing
and summer following land take horse
power frequently far in excess OF
that available to the homesteader
The silo and the modern dairy COW
are frequently beyond his reach. and
for this reason again we should dis
count the largest possibilities OF these
areas when we seek to determine
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1912-03-14
Dust Mulch.

We run the weeder, alternating with
the two-horse riding cultivator. until
the size Of the crop forbids, cultivat.
ing deeply at first, very lightly later,
says n writer In an exchange Thus a
dust mulch is maintained, enabling
the plant to secure the best results
from the moisture conserved, and
keeping down weed growth. This
method leaves the fields level and in
the best of condition for future use
With the potato crop. in addition to
the above implements, we use a disk
hitler, thus leaving ridges in the po-
tato fields. We think this necessary
that the potatoes may be well covered
and easily dug.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1912-03-14

ample for what we have in view. One
half acre is devoted to garden, one
aud a half acres to orchard and the
remaining two acres TO paddock,
into which to turn the stock for ex-
ercise
by judicfous management these two
acres can also he made to furnish
some pasture and some solling-crops.
The other seven five-acre tracts are
to be devoted to a seven year rotation.
When this rotation is in full swing,
the crops on the farm for given year
are as follows: Field A, potatoes; field
B, three acres of cabbage and two
acres OF onions; field G, corn; field ID.
cow-peas, field Il. corn; field F, clover;
field G., clover.
The next year each of these crops
would move to another field as fol-
lows: The potatoes would 90 to field
G., which was in clover the year be-
fore. The cabbage and onions next
year would go to field A. The corn
on field G would go the next year to
field b. Cow-peas in field d would go
the next year to field c. The corn In
field e would go to d, while Il would
be sown in clover and F in clover.
The next year each crop would
move to another field In the same
manner, so that each year potatoes
are sown after second-year clover,
cabbage and onions are planted after
potatoes, etc. Commercial fertilizers
would be required for the potatoes,
cabbages and onions.
The potatoes, cabbage and onions
on this farm would form the market
crops. The two fields of corn, the
field of cow-peas and the first years
seeding OF clover would furnish 20
acres of forage for the live stock,
while the second year clover would
furnish pasture for the live stock dur.
ing the summer.
On each OF the two cornfields some
winter grain, such as wheat, rye. etc.
could be sowp early in August at the
time when ha corn is laid by, that is,
when cultivation of the corn ceases.
rms wheat would furnish fall and
winter pasture for the live stock.
In the eornficld, which is to be fol-
lowed by clover, the wheat would be
turned under early in the spring in
preparation for sowing the clover. In
the cornheld, which is to be followed
by cow-peas the wheat could remais
until the second year clover field 10
ready to turn the stock on. at which
time 1t might be plowed up and sown
to cow-peas. We thus have pasture
during the whole year in sections
where the seasons parmit wiasss
! pasturing.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1912-03-14
Crude OIL AS Fuel

What amount OF crude petroleum
will equal ton OF average Oklahoma
Mine Run coal for fuel. Am thinking
OF using ol as fuel in gin, and will
thank you for any information you
can give me as to the relative value
oi crude oi--W f. Palmer, Jefferson
County oklahoma.
In reply TO your inquiry as TO the
relative value Of crude oil and coal as
a boiler tug', we are giving herewith
the results of our experience and tests
with these two fuels under our boilers
In the College Heating and Power
Plant These tests we're very care
fully made, tho same boiler and FIRE
man being used in each case. The
coal used was ordinary average Ok.
lahomu mine run coal, several kinds
being used, and an average taken from
the results. The oil came from the
Sapulpa field tested about So specific
gravity pumped freely, and burned
we'll II was sprayed into the treboX
by steam at about 40 pounds pressure,
This oil was supplied 10 us In tank
cars on the siding, and pumped by us
to the College oil tank. a distance of
5,S40 feet.
The oil cost us, on our siding, about
SS cents per barrel,
The coal cost laid down in the Col
lege bins. about four dollars a ton.
Using coal, the boiler evaporated 6G
pounds Of water per pound Of coal
using oil, 14.2 pounds of water per
pound Of oil.
The cost OF evaporating one pound
OF water. using coal was 3O7 cents
using oil was two cents. The saving
therefore. due to the use OF oil was
about 80 per cent.
II must be remembered, however
that the use Of oil effects another say
ing In labor which. in our particula
case amounted to the wages of twt
men.
The oil is much cleaner TO burn
making practically no dirt at all. Tn,
plant can be kept immaculate at al
times.
With oil, IL is possible TO get up ful
steam pressure from a cold boiler il
about twenty minutes, as the fire at
tains its full temperature at once
This could not be done while we wer
. burning COAL. L. Jones. Department
OF Mechanical Engineering. Oklahoma
A. q NJ. College, saltwater.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1912-03-14
Fall blowing Sod

We have been told by settlers that
fall plowing sod is ruinous TO the land
We are discing and working the sod
down closely after the plow. Your
opinion win be highly appreciated
Alexander Bros, Medicine Lodge,
Kansas.
The ideal system for breaking up
OF sod land is to plow in the summer
time and backset In the fall. however,
II this land you speak Of has been
plowed before and you are plowing il
not very deep at this time and disking
thoroughly as your letter indicates,
you are preparing the land for spring
sowing which in our opinion is a very
good system to follow.
Fan plowiug on general principles
is very much ahead of spring plowipg
and the only reason your neighbors
feel critical about is, l expect, is that
the sod will not rot as well in the
winter time as II does in the summer.
| This is very true in the north, but does
/ not have the same meaning In this
| latitude. Another point which they
/ are perhaps bearing in mind is that.
that the fall plowing of sod leaves the
/ upper soil or furrow slice somewhat
separated from the subsoil and when
they do not become connected by the
time that the crops begin to grow, the
movement OF the moisture does not
take place readily between the subsoi,
and the furrow slice. Therefore
young plants growing on the surface
are unable to reach the soil moisture
underneath. This lack OF contact
however, between, soil and subsoi
will be overcome where you disc and
harrow the sod thoroughly You need
not fear any ruinous effect upon the
land except in the plowing of vlrgir
soil in this system and plowing II toe
deep, You can readily see that thi,
system turns up a very raw layer o
soil in which there is practically M
available plant food for immediat,
use OF the succeeding crop.--Jas. A
Wilson, Director Oklahoma Expert
ment station, saltwater
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1912-03-14

% by SO feet and contains ten pens
1t was built north of Omaha in 1906
and cost, complete, including labor,
$275, or $3.50 a pen. This includes
the outside floor and pens.
The gates across the alley all lift
off their hinges SO they can be remov-
ed or replaced in a moment. This ar
rangement makes II very convenient
in sorting hogs to change them from
one pen to another or TO make extra
pens when crowded. When swung
across the alley the free ends of the
gates fasten with common house-door
bolts. BY putting these on so the
knobs turn up instead of down, the
owner finds that hogs can not open
them. If the knobs turned down the
hogs could open them readily. The
fronts of the pens next the alley are
all loose panels which lift out. In this
way the whole house can be made into
one large room in few minutes, moth
ing but the pen partitions being left
in place.
The inside pens are Z by feet, ex-
Cepl lHe Hluule UHe on eGCu bIue,
which is 8 by feet. (The pens are
irregular in width because the lumber
cut this way to better advantage)
The hog doors are 221a by 81 inches in
the clear. The large doors are by 6
feet, divided in the middle. The upper
windows each contain four 12 by IA
inch lights and are set solid and close
together. The lower windows each
contain four 10 by II inch lights.
The most striking feature of this
house is the ingenious way in which
outside pens have been provided with
out having them ON the north side.
The ventilators are 6 by 6 inches
inside. The lower ends are feet
above the floor and the upper ends
Just above the comb of the roof. The
south rafters are extended to meet the
north rafters so that no studding are
needed under the south edge OF the
north roof. Whether this gives any
advantage is doubtful. The sunshine
will strike the floor in all pens several
hours day after March 1.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1912-03-14
.A=.ENkE|5'yI
STOCK
..@3E(fNETES

Corn silage is almost as good as
roots as a succulent feed.
II corn only is fed, the ewes be-
come too fat and produce small and
weakly lambs
Alfalfa and clover are superior to
all other feeds as roughage for
pregnant ewes.
Hogs should not be confined in a
close pen where they will have to live
In filthy quarters.
The breeding practice should be so
planned that the calves will be born
early in the spring.
As food for young cattle there
seems to be nothing quite equal to
silage to insure a steady growth and
strong, vigorous health.
II is as a feed for the breeding
herd that silage has proved of the
greatest economic value.
The hog is naturally a clean animal,
and should not be made to live in
contact with a manure pile.
The fall litter of course suffers the
most from neglect because the condi-
tions at this time of the year are the
least favorable for Its growth.
Have the barn and feeding pens so
located that the drainage from them
will be help to growing crops In
atead of nuisance to the home.
The man who grows swine to fill
his fattenipg pens is troubled with
under fised sows and runty litters and
the breeder finds his pigs in small Do
mand
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1912-03-14
CRY OF ''BACK
TO THE LAND''
Experts Studying Out Problem OF
Why So Many City Bred
Men Make Failure
at Farming.
By PROF. j. W. sPILLMAN0

By PROF. ]. w. SPILLMAN)
A special study of the equipment,
management and income Of a large
number of small fruit and truck
farms. many of them run by people
who have recently come from the
city, is being made by the office of
farm management OF the United States
department Of agriculture.
This study has given us somewhat
new point of view. In general these
small farmers are not successful.
This fact has led us to study the ques-
ton more closely. and as a result a
scheme for the management of a 40
acre farm Is outlined which seems to
be practicable.
The diagram shows a convenient
scheme for subdividing forty acres TO
fit 1t for the croppingsystem outlined.
1t will be observed that the forty acres
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1912-03-14

their suitability for the newcomer OF
limited means. The drier areas of
the country which are suitable for
farming will always have their llmi-
tations. They will have their bad
seasons and their seasons of abund-
ant production, but the failures in un-
favorable seasons may be greatly re-
duced by the application of scientific
methods and the best systems of man
agement.