davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Gilpin observer., 1912-08-08
SURGERY, IN ANCIENT TIMES
Trspannlns 10 One Of the Oldest Of
Operations. Dating Back to
Stone Age.

There is no doubt that some rough
form Of surgery must have existed
from very ancient times, but It Is
strange to find that SO complex and
delicate an operation as trepanning Is
one Of the Oldest
So far as actual records go, Hippoc.
rates gives US the earliest account.
He wrote treaties on fractures, dislo-
cations and wounds Of the head, In
which he described the method Of
procedure to be followed in the case
OF fractured skull. His direction
was to cut away a piece Of bone SO
that the pressure on the brain might
be relieved. -
There are also records about this
time and later Of a file being used for
this purpose, which at a time when
anaesthetics were undreamed Of must
have been. to say the least, painful.
According to DR.. T. Rice Holmes,
the operation Of removing xieces of
bone was performed long before his
toric times. The effects ON the skull
are easily seen after death and are
visible 30 long as the bones are pre-
served.
From inspection Of certain skulls OF
the later stone age in ancient Britain.
DR.. Holmes has come to the conclusion
that some Of these had undergone the
operation, which must have been per-
formed with q stone implement-Lon-
don Standard.
Gilpin observer., 1912-08-08
FATAL TO MIGRATING BIRDS
Lighthouses XIII Many Thousands,
Which the Keepers Dispose Of
In City Markets.

A writer furnishes some striking
figures concerning the havoc wrought
among migrating birds by big light
houses. The lighthouse ON the Pointe
de Penmarch, in Brittany, France, has
a revolving light of 10000. 900 candle
power. Visiting this on November 10
last year, and again ON the twelfth,
the observer saw tens Of thousands Of
birds whirling round. and 1t seemed
to him that the light shot out q per.
feet hail Of electric sparks among the
migrants. Next morning he was pres
ent while the dead bodies were being
collected. They are dispatched every
day to Paris by train. and the catch"
he was told. often comprised from
1000 to 5000 victims; one morning
alone there had been more than 500
woodcock in the bag"
On the two mornings he was pres
ent there were only a score Of wood.
cock the first day, but on the second
the ground was Uttered with from 600
to 1000 victims. chiefly blackbirds,
ducks. woodcock. thrushes and golden
plovers. Another offender is the light.
house on Belle lie, OF the south
coast OF Brittany. On two dark
nights last November, with an east
wind blowing. this light caused the
death Of 5000 birds, including cur.
lews, thrushes. snipe. starlings, over
100 woodcock and some sparrows and
quails. Thirdly. the Pilier lighthouse
kills every season some 700 wcodcock.
An old sportsman Of Normandy de-
clares that round the lighthouse of
Barheur last November there were
picked up in the course Of four nights
10000 birds Of all sorts, including
1900 woodcock. The destruction of
bird life by the hundreds Of light.
houses elsewhere can only be imag.
ined.
Gilpin observer., 1912-08-08
sparrow Stole q Plume

While standing on the corner Of Fiji.
teenth street and New York avenue
ysstsrday afternoon well dressed
young woman had small plume torn
from her hat BY the strong wind. The
plume. which was light green. landed
In the gutter ten feet away.
Several men offered their services
to recover the plume. when & sparrow,
seeing the fluffy feather. and realizing
its comfort II gotten safely to his nest,
snatched II In his mouth and few to
the top Of tho Riggs Bank buildins.-
Washington Post.
Gilpin observer., 1912-08-08

Six hundred of Uncle Sans troops
will march through this city tomor-
row morning on their way to Fort
Russell. This will be a sight well
worth seeing as they are fully equip
ped for mountain fighting, having
their field pieces mounted on pack
animals. Too bad that their itinnery
does not allow Of them camping with
us for a few days.
Gilpin observer., 1912-08-08
PERSONAL MENTION BLACK HAWK NEWs|

The Woodmen will give an enter
tainment and dance in Fritz hall
on Saturday, the 18th inst.
Theo. Nelson, superintendent of
the oliver MILL is visiting friends in
Denver
Leslie Murray and Fred Waldhart
left Wednesday for an extended trip.
The family Of Frank Gabardi spent
the week at Silver creek, visiting
with friends. They returned Tuesday.
w. S. Parsons made business trip
to Denver Wednesday.
Bart Rudolph, accompanied by a
Miss Johnson, came up from Denver
Sunday They were the guests of
James Quinn and family.
Mrs. John Rohling is in Denver at
tending the X. of P. convention. She
will remain away ten days.
John Curry, Jud Kriley and C. j.
Nordlein and daughter, Miss Esther,
drove to Tolland Sunday, to visit
with Miss Agnes Nordlein, the popu.
lar school teacher.
Ralph Meyers and wife were honor
ed this week with a visit from
mother Meyers, who will remain sew
eral days.
| Many in the town We're we'll sup
piled with trout on the return of Geo.
Vogel and party from four-day fish
ing trip on South Boulder.
Walter Miller came up to visit
with his parents over Sunday.
Vivian Fritz arrived Sunday on a
short visit to Daddy and Mamma.
Thor. Crook is installing improve
ments to his Palace, in the shape OF
new veranda to the side entrance.
James v. Thompson was in Denver
Monday on business ,nnected with
his office, meeting with the state Of
| ficials.
Otto Blake is having a cement
wash rack built to replace the in.
sanitary wood. one. Otto is quite ur
to date when 1t comes to having mod
NJ. ]. Seaton, Of Detroit, Mich, ar.
rived the fore part of the week to
make an inspection of the Eliza Jane
mine, and plan on a new plant OF
machinery, which is to be installed
He states that some Of the stock.
holders are in favor Of an electric
hoist.
Ben. Olsen had arranged to make
his annual outing at Hot Sulphur, but
the reports of high water have de-
teered him. He insists on having
good fishing or none at all.
The Mesdames Grutzmacher, Lyman
and Maughan, accompanied by their
six children, have located in Apex for
the next thirty days, during the
berry season.
John Cassagranda has shipped his
beloved musical instrument to New
York for necessary repairs. John
claims that that is the only place an
expert competent enough to do the
job, could be found.
Charles B. Klais entertained some
thirty members of the Woodmen on
Monday evening, with a delightful
lunch and refreshments, in honor OF
his recent nuptials.
Political arguments have opened
strong and furious, with the result
that one scrap has been pulled off
to the regret of the contestants.
Boys, you should hold your tempers
and not Bull Mooses.
The pastor will preach here Sun
day morning at eleven o'clock. SUM-
day school meets at ten o'clock. We
invite everyone to these services.
Gilpin observer., 1912-08-08
NEvADAvILLE PROCEEDINGS.

Bald Mountain, Colo, Aug. 6, 1912.
Regular meeting of the board of
trustees called to order by Mayor
Roberts.
Roll call: Present, Mayor Roberts,
Trustees Hutchens, Cannon, Kram-
er; absent, Trustees Thomas, Reilly
and Tuck.
Journal of previous meeting read
and approved.
Letters received from machinery
companies concerning pipe for pipe
line. and on motion made by Trus-
tee Cannon. seconded by Trustee
Hutchens, were laid over for reread-
ing.
The following bills were received:
John Kramer ..,............ 90
Oscar Williams .............. 16 90
Jenkins. Mckay & Co. ....... 40
Edith James, salary .......... 90
VIM. Findley, salary .......... 90
Iotal ............ $40 80
Moved by Trustee Cannon, second
ed by Trustee Kramer. that bills be
laid over for one month.
No further business meeting ad-
journed.
EDITH JAMES, Clerk.
THos. ROBERTS, Mayor.
Gilpin observer., 1912-08-08
A kInd.Hearted Man.

"Mf. Wombat!"
YES; what is IT."
Couple Of suffragettes out here
throwing stones at your window"
bawled the policeman.
How long have they been doing
that I"
"Oh. several hours"
Let 'em alone. 1t amuses the girls
and l don't believe they'll hit the win
dow"
Gilpin observer., 1912-08-08
Catching.

Aunt Jane-Why, where's Willie?
Willie's Ma-He's down in the
marsh catching flies.
Aunt Jane-And where's his father?
Down In the marsh catching FISH,"
And where's Willie's sister,"
Shes down In the marsh catching
cold"
Gilpin observer., 1912-08-08
Different.

What's the matter with your"
I'm mad clear through. I happened
to be crossing the street and an auto
mobile threw mud all over me-"
well, look here. Your automobile
thgew mud all over me yesterday"
That's different You're a pedes-
trian. You ought to know enough to
get out of the way"
Gilpin observer., 1912-08-08
Anxlous Tenant.

Madame-This fiat would suit US
very we'll but for this room. which Is
SO small.
Concierge-It would do for one
child, madame.
Madame-It isn't question OF a
child. but OF my hat boxes.-Pele Mele.
Gilpin observer., 1912-08-08
Too Much.

why did you give your parrot
away? The poor bird meant nothing
by its profanity"
I could stand its profanity, but it
was learning to initiate my neighbor's
rusty lawn mower"
Gilpin observer., 1912-08-08
Gloomy.

The wight who's subject to the ''blues,"
Ne'er pictures life In gorgeous hues.
Instead O. that. with doleful sighs
He contemplates the cloudless skies.
Gilpin observer., 1912-08-08
Natural ceneIuslons.

There goes man who has three
wives living" said some one to Broth.
sr Williams. n
my! Myi" exclaimed the old man.
"Wus he bon crazy or lost his mind
growin' upf"
Gilpin observer., 1912-08-08

The Chimpanzee-Do you believe in
the theory Of evolution?
The Gorilla-Ob, implicitly. At least
think there is no doubt that we are
descended from human beings.
Gilpin observer., 1912-08-08

Hslsn-Why didn't Mr.. Picker get
that auto he was talking about giving
bis wifef
Fred-He decided that ono unman.
sseablo thing visa. quite enough.
Gilpin observer., 1912-08-08

Anoeted.
4ong poets. Il seems
That . popular pose
Il looking for dreams
In the heart Of q rose,
Gilpin observer., 1912-08-08

Common sense is uncommon.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1912-03-28

Seeing 'Sumurun," the 'wordless
drama" is just the same as hearing
vaudevillians play the anvel cho-
rus on row of tin cans, according
to Claiming Pollock, the playwright
critic. One wonders why they do
it, when it can be played SO much
better in the regular way" he adds.
From April Green Book Album.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1912-03-28
4 GLIMPSE
OF LONDON
Nil Desperandum

Nil DeSperandum
In this article which will be con-
tinued, it is the object of the writer
to set forth in a clear and concise
manner as possible some of the chief
buildings and streets of London, the
majority of which are known in his
tory. It is the writer's intention to
make it an interesting and instruc-
tive one.
There are a number of different
ways by which visitor may reach
the Worlds Capitol" He may
land at any Of the following ports:
Southampton, Liverpool, Dover or
Harwich; the first named port is
connected with London by the Lon
don and Southwestern railway,
whose terminus is Waterloo station;
while the second, third and fourth
towns are connected by the London
and Northwestern, Southeastern and
Chatam, London, Chatam and Do
yer and Great Eastern respectively,
whose terminus are CASTOR, Charing
Cross and Liverpool street. In or
der to set down places of interest, as
they occur on our journey, it will
be necessary to have recognized
route, with definite starting point.
During my travels over quite little
Of this earth's surface l have yet to
see the city that has as many
crooked, torturous, winding streets
as the metropolis of England has. 1t
is my intention to take the route
traversed by the coronation process
sion, explaining interesting build
ings, ETC., and then to pick out ether
places of interest indiscriminately.
Buckingham palace, king Georges
London home, is. often described as
the "ugliest palace in Europe" 1t
was designed by Nash, who COM
menced to buIld 1t to the order of
George " in 1925. Standing in
grounds occupying fifty-four acres,
the palace, which by the way, de-
rives it s name from a mansion
erected on the site 1.-THE beginning
of the eighteenth century by John
Sheffield, Duke of Buckingham, is
estimated to be worth between
, twenty and twenty-five million dol
lars, and if privately rented the rent
, would amount to a million dollars
per year. The most magnificent
apartment is the throne room, sixty
q four feet in length, the walls Of
, which are hung with crimson satin,
. relieved by a profusioD of golden
q hues. The picture gallery over one
hundred feet long contains small
r but choice collection of paintings,
q while in the state dining room are
many portraits of English sovereigns
! by Gainsborough.
: The queens suite is large one,
and includes sitting rooms, wait
ing room, library, boudoir, dressing
u room and sleeping apartment.
II The state apartments are a verit-
!. able treasure house, and some of the
! furniture and appointments are
n without price. So valuable is the
}! china, that the great Seyres vases
. which decorate the rooms are fix
: lures, being firmly fastened to the
cabinets they adorn.
,sI Buckingham palace is only main
g tanned at enormous cost. The gar
, dens Of the palace which extend
9 back to Grosvenor Place, northward
!. to Constitution hill, and southwark
i to Buckingham palace road are un-
s. doubtedly among the most beautiful
---- 4, .nfia7,,pd 9nd 9l0ne
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1912-03-28
IndiCtinSs OF The Prison
lmbeCiIe.
JUsT By WAY OF A DoUBT.
Beau Esprita.

What do we know? Do We
meaning the human race of course
know anything? Or do we know
everything? Is there any limit to
our knowledge--or have we any
knowledge to limit? BY way of
showing how much-or how little
we know, let us discuss the mat
ter. You, OF course, will maintain
that we know a great deal; more in
dividually. than we are given credit
for generally, more, collectively,
than is good for us at times. That
you should SO hold is but natural
for did not we, collectively (i. e.,
society per SCI put us, individually
ii. e., you and y where we are to-
day because we, individually, knew
more than we, collectively. gave us,
individually, credit for? and because
we, collectively, knew more about
us, individually, than was good for
us, Individually y-or collectively also
for that matter? 1t is quite plain,
and, as [ said before, only natural
that you should believe it to be so.
But is it so? For the sake of argu-
ment will hold that it is not So
that we do not know a great deal
in fact, that we know very little, if
| anything at all. Rather sweeping?
Indictments usually are. Why, in
my youth one came to me with sixty
four counts! AT least, as | believe.
What do we know? First, we
must define knowledge. Webster
says: Knowledge-clear perception
of fact, truth, or duty; acquaintance;
erudition; familiarity gained by ex-
perience. Rather complex; or per-
haps, rather comprehensive. For
Webster further defines fact'' as a
thing supposed or asserted to be
done;" truth as conformity to fact
or rule;" and duty as any assigned
service or business; obedience to su.
periors." All that is part of sin.
Il gle definition of knowledge-and
there are three more definitions Of
| knowledge following. Clearly, very
few people can have definite
knowledge of what knowledge is
so where is their knowledge?
i For instance: knowledge is :;
clear perception of fact.'' which, il
turn, is a thing asserted to b.
DONE" Very good. Now l viii
assert something to be done. No
that am specially fond of assertin,
things to- be done, but for argu
ment's sake l will do it this once
Also, / will assert something to b
ldone,' in such manner that yo
will have a clear perception of i
!. Ii. e., of the assertion, which is a
that the definition includes. Agar
: very good. / DO assert that job
: D. Oilionbucks is publicly Pre-
o claimed Emperor Of the Dutchy {
!, Arkansas. And that you may NJ
o bubble about the irrelevancy {
: proclaiming an Emperor of
. Dutchy, / roll up my sleeves an
il reassert it until you hollow nuff
,e i. e., until you have clear percel
j ton of fact, "a thing asserted to. |
it DONE" Now, do you know th;
le John D. Oilionbucks is Emperor
re the Dutchy of Arkansas? Accor'
le ing to Webster, you do. But ha,
=, my doubts both as to your know
Il edge d as TO the Empire
k John D.
re So much for Webster Anyho'
Webster is dead and we are in ia
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1912-03-28
RADIUM
H. b.

Paper Read Before the Chautauqua Circle:
What must be considered as one
of the greatest discoveries of the pres
ent century is radium. 1t was first
discovered by M. and Nine. Curie in
1903 and was known to exist some
time before that, but it was due to the
untiring efforts of these two distin-
guished scientists that it was pro-
duced in any form at all.
Great opportunities present them
selves to the student for the study
and pursuit of this mysterious metal
in the field of scientific research.
What are its properties? Firstly,
it has a white appearance but oxi-
dies very quickly when brought into
contact with the air and turns black.
When placed on a piece of iron it
adheres to the same. denoting mag
netism. 1t will burn paper when left
upon it, which shows it to be possess
ed of an unusual amount of heat, and
it shows much energy in decompos-
ing water. 1t also gives off rays Of
pale green luminosity which can be
seen when brought within about four
inches of the eye. 1t can be seen,
therefore, that its chief properties
are heat and magnetism.
NJ. Curie pointed out, soon after
his discovery, that this radioactive
body possessed three fundamental
properties. 1t emits spontaneously
rays which will affect Photographic
plates in the same manner as light.
(In this respect it is similar to the
Roentgen or X-ray, only in the latter
case the rays can only be seen on a
carefully chemical prepared screen }.
1t gives off electrified objects
and penetrates most subjects. II a
Photographic plate is covered with
black paper or thin sheet of metal
and placed near radium it is at once
spoiled. All the power in loadstone
can be eliminated byplacing the meta
contained in glass tube between
the poles.
The extraction of salts of radiun
from the ore is a long and tedious
process, consisting of about twent.
operations and taking up considera
BILE time. 1t is said to exist in all kind
of earth, that of a calcareous natur
being the richest.
The chief use of radium so far ha
been in the medical treatment Q
different diseases. The great draw
back, however, to universal use lie
in the rarity of the metal and its hig
cost, the value of one gramme bein
$77 900 dollars. 1t has proved to b
of great benefit for the treatment {
cancer. Out of sixty eight cases {
cancer of the skin, sixty-four cure
were effected in one hospital by ii
use of its rays. According to an artic
in the London Lancet two cases
leprosy and one ofcancer have bee
cured. Injections of solution of th
metal are being tried by French phi
sicians and much hope is offered f
the future.
There is radium bank in Londt
and one in Paris; the purpose of the
institutions is to hire out the radiu
to hospitals and provide practitione
for the treatment of diseases. and
ample supply will be kept on hal
for the use of public hospitals, for
treatment of persons who are unal
to afford the service of private ph
sician.
The British Radium Corporati
has had wonderful safe built
storing the metal. Much ingenu
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1912-03-28


saying: SO much for Webster.
But supposing, Tor arguments
sake again, that you have clearer
idea of what knowledge is than
Webster had, let us take up some
points of your knowledge and gee
what we may see. To begin as the
textbooks, you will say, Il know
the world is round" But do you
KNOW it? You believe it, yes.
How much more can you positively
affirm? In short, how? First, you
say, men have sailed around the
earth; second, the earth casts cir
cular shadow; third-but let us take
up the first two reasons for your be-
lief-space is short. Men have sailed
around the earth. AROUND it? How
do you know? Because starting at
a point called East, they have
reached a point called West by
travelling in one unvarying direc-
ton. And how do you know that
they travelled in one unvarying di-
rection? Because they followed the
course of the compass. Who made
the compass? Men. For what did
they make it? To guide their trav-
cling. How does it accomplish this?
By indicating infallibly the direc-
ton called North. By what are
you guided in your belief that the
compass is infallible? 1t is tested
until SO proved.
Il Now then. A man stands at a
point he calls East. He indicates
another point and calls it North
, still another and calls it West. He
: then contrives an article which will
indicate the point North no matter
: in what direction it be placed. Trav.
cling by aid of this article he fol
: lows in a course equidistant from
: the point North until he reaches tht
point he has called West, and say
, that he has travelled AROUND tn,
t earth, on which he has been travel
| ing; therefor the earth is round. LIE
: us compare. Take a square block
: Set point, North. This is the onl.
definite point in the case of the cir
f cumnavigation of fthe earth, so i
Y may also be In our illustration. Nov
e travel upon the block in any direc
: ton on a course equidistant froI
the point North until you hav
a placed yourself at point relativel
q West of the beginning. Have yo
e travelled around the block? Rather
Il you have travelled around the poin
It North, have you not? What NOR
q have men done on earth? Still 70
l. may, as men have done in the cas-
e. of the earth, assert that your squar
70 block is round!
But t b e earth casts a circuls
- shadow. Hold the tip of your spoo
T. before a candle SO that it casts
III shadow upon some specified objec
q. The shadow will be circular. Their,
N fore, is your spoon round? Wh'
do we know?
Well, you will say, at least
d know that / have been reading Il
0 of dippy rubbish (supposing, for a
Of gument's sake, that you have rea
a this article). But have you? Is
= dippy rubbish? or, even, have &c
- :, been reading it? You believe SO
!, both cases. but does that make it $
D. Again ask: What do we kno,
be And echo answers: What? Th
at is all.