davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1912-06-27
Como combaten los ing|eses
La peste bubonica en- la India

Sabiendo que el Pueblo de Puerto Ri
co tiene una gran confianza depositada en-
el doctor Bailey K Ashford, ell Direc-
tor de Sanidad lie rogo que preparara
un artfculo corto con referencia a la
peste bub6nica para publicarlo en- la
prensa, con ell fin de que los habitantes
de la isla conozcan las ultimaS Opinio-
nes de los hombres de ciencia que han
trabajado en- otros paises durante mu-
chos amos en- la curaci6n de esta enfer-
medad
Ell primer articulo preparado por ell
ilustre doctor Ashford es el siguiente:
COMO COMBATEN Los INGLESES
LA PESTE BUBONICA EN- LA IN
Ola.
En- JUNO, 1911, la Secci6n de Medi-
Gina Tropical de la Association Medica
Inglesa celebr6 una conferencia sobre
la peste tomando en- La discussion las au-
toridades de mas reputation en- ell mum
do. Los ingleses tienen mas conocl-
mientos PRACTICES de la peste que MIN
guna otra naci6n puesto que lie han con-
cedido su preferente atenci0n en- la In
dia donde en- los nltimos 15 amos han
sido victimas de esta epidemia mas de
siete milloneS de personals. Ademas
de su experiencia Ell la India han te-
nido esta epidemia Ell Hongkong des-
de ell 1894 en- Egipto y Ell otros pun
tos. En- vista de la terrible mortalidad
en- srs coloniaS crearon una Junta Con-
sultiva para La investigation de la pes
tie. eligiendo para formar parte de ella
sus hombres de ciencia de mas nombre.
Este Comite, despues de TRAFALGAR al
gunos amos en- la India, ha publicado
sus conclusiones la discussion de es-
tas en La reunion de la Association Me-
dica Inglesa puede decirse que da CO.
nocer la opinion mas autorizada del
mundo cientifco.
Para hacer frente la invasion de
una enfermedad epidemica es precise
que los hechos no la imagination sean
la regla de gobierno para los actos de
las personals razonadoras de ambos Sc
Kos Mucha gente cree que una mez-
ella de todas las medidas Ell distintas
epocas adoptadas para combatir la pla-
GA componen ell mas alto grado de Sc
guridad; va procedan este conseJo y
eiemplo del pasado obscure del pre-
sente luminoso, va de la tan decanta-
da "vox populi" va de la opinion de
higienistas de experiencia que dedican
todo SUI tempo al estudio de la enter
medad con auxilio de las meJores ven
taias que puede suministrar ell labora-
torio. Estas gentes no consideran que
trabaiando con todo vigor en- la apll-
caci6n de las medidas mas mportantes
de seguridad apenas 81 tienen tempo
de detener al impetuoso avance de una
enfermedad que como esta playa Sc dl-
semina con tanta rapidez.
Debemos, pues, guiarnos por los bue-
nos consoles contenidos EN- las conclu-
stones de esta Junta Consultiva que solo
trata de los puntos esenciales dedlque-
mos toda nuestra atenci6n n1estra
energfa atacar con arnas modernas
al antigua enemigo de la raza h'lmana'
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1912-06-27
RESUMEN DE LAS CONCLUSIONES
DE LA COMISION DE LA PESTE
BUBONICA.

Las ratas dissemination de la playa
l. Por regla general la epidemic en-
las ratas precede La epidemia en- los
seres humanos. Ha habido algunas
aparenteS; pero esta afirmaci6n es cier-
ia en- la mayoria de las epidemias.
2. Las areas de infection de las ratas
y del hombre parece que ocupan ell mis-
mo espacio.
g. La enfermedad Sc trasnite de la
rata al hombre.
l. Con la infection del alimento con
escretas de ratas infectadas de la pes
te.
2 Por algGn insecto chupadOr de la
sangre que lleve la infection de las ra
tas al hombre.
t. La comisi6n considera que ell pri-
mer modo de infection es raro
LA VITALIDAD DEL VACILO DE
LA plaza.
(a) En- los terrenos.
Las probabilidades que tiene ell baci
10 de la peste de c0ntinuar viviendo en-
la terra Ell los pisos en- condiclones
normales no es grande, porque su Orga
nismo no es baStante reSiStente para
resistir la Influenza de los sitioS secos
la luz solar. Nunca Sc ha podido OBJ
tener ell bacilo de la peste de la TERRA
que rodea las casas infectadas nj de los
pisos de las cabanaS; una infection
experimental de la terra el pisO con
estiercol de vaca dur0 dos dias a 10
sumo atin que la contamination era muy
intensa
(b) Viveres.-
Durante algun tempo Sc sospech0 que
los gusanOs almacenadOs eran un me-
dio de transmission de la epidemia al
hombre, por estar aquellos expuestos a
la contamination de las rataS. TOdOs
los datOS van contra esta teOrla de la
infection, Y el hecho de que ell grano
es cocido anteS de comerSe baSta para
echar a un lado ell peligro asignado
la infection por medic de los granos
aun cuando las ratas atacadas de la
playa Sc pongan en- contacto con el en-
La tienda.
(No quiere sin embargo este decir
que deien de limpiarse de ratas los gra-
neros puesto que elias encuentran ALI
que conner de ese modo no entran en-
las ratoneras nj toman eel veneno)
INFECTION POR LA VIA DIGESTI-
VA
Sc ha dado de conner a las ratas ali
| mentos infectados con resultados posi-
tivos en- algunos casos y negatives en-
otros. En- este tltimo case los ami
males que comieron alimentos infesta-
dos sin adquirir la enfermedad, fueron
atacados por esta tan pronto como les adj
ministraron una inyecci6n hipodermica
| del bacilo
"Parece desde luego que los anima-
los susceptibles de adquirir la playa por
inoculacion pueden ser infestados por
la via digestiva pero la dosis necesaria
tiene que ser muy grande comparable
con la que Sc necesita cuando sc apli-
ca por la piel Resultado l6gico dedu-
cir que en- La naturaleza raras veces
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1912-06-27
mitida por la trompa.

mlt1da p0r la tr0mpa.
Estos no son los medios mas comunes
de transmitir La enfermedad; 10 mas
probable es que esta Sc efectue por la
deposition de heces infectadas sobre la
piel introduciendose en- esta ell bacilo
cuando ell animal Sc rasca.
LAS PULGAS COMO AGENTE DE
TRANSMISSION DE LA RATA AL
HOMBRE.
La transmission de la enfermedad por
medic de la pulga como medic de in
terpretar los hechos Y conclusiones re-
ferentes a la peste bub6nica parece CO.
saprobada. Ademas parece tambien
cierto que la infection puede ser lleva-
da a distancia sobre la persona, ropa
efectos de un individuo aun cuando es-
tie no contraiga la enfermedad Desde
ell punto de vista archaeological esta es
una conclusion muy importante hay
una gran cantidad de pruebas que de-
muestran este hecho.
Una prueba experimental de 10 ade-
cuado de este metodo de transporter
la infection Sc llev6 a cabo por los Co
misionados de la India. Paquetes de
ropa procedentes de casas de haitian
tes del pals en- las cuales habia habido
casos de peste, fueron colocados en-
union de conejillos de India en- una
jaula prueba de pulgas, aunque solo
quedaron muy pocas pulgas en- la ropa
bastaron estas para infectar matar a
los conejillos
(Contin1a Ell la 3a. pagina)
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1912-06-27
TRANSMISSION DE LA plaza POI
MEDIC DE LAS PULGAS.


Despues de muchos cuidados y expe-
rimentos es opinion general ratifcada
por la demoStraci6n que la epidemia no
Sc trasmite de una rata a otra sino por
medic de pulgas. FL bacilo de la pes
te, segin Sc ha comprobado Sc multipi-
ca en- Ell estomago de la pulga
En- la primera serie de experiment9s
que tuvieron exito Sc utilizo una GAIA
de vidrio que contenla dos jaulas de
alambres colocadas una al lado de la
otra y situadaS en- una bandeJa de la
ia para recoger la orina Ambas ban
dejas contenian arena para preveer de
abrigo y un medic Seco a las pdlgas.
Cada jaula tenia una abertura con t.,-
pa para introducir las ratas Y el ali
mento y aqua que Sc les daba.
Todo el aparato estaba cubierto de
una tela tina para evitar que Sc esca-
paran las pulgas POr esta description
Sc We que una rata colOcada en- una de
estas .jaulas de alambre no podla estar
en- contacto con la rata de la otra jau-
la de alambre nj con su orina o heceS.
Ell metodO de experimentation era
ell siguiente: Sc colocaba en- una de las
iaulas de alambre una de las ratas in
fectadas y tambien un nGmero de pull
gas de ratas Despues que morla la
rata Sc colocaba una rata nueya y sa-
ludable en- la otra jaula dejando en-
la primera durante "A horas mas ell ca
daver de la rata infectada.
De este modo Sc llevaron a cabo &c
experimentos con rataS blancas ingle-
sas salvajes de Bombay y ell resultado
fue que treinta ratas sanas contraJeron
la peSte; quiere este decir que hubo un
43 por ciento de transmission con ext
to.
En- todos los casos existla una abun-
dante provision de pulgas estas podian
paSar libremente de una a otra jaula, y
despues del aire constituian el 1nico me-
dio aparente de transmission de los ba-
clos de una otra rata.
Con ell fin de excluir la posibilidad
de una infection a traves del aire Sc
llev6 cabo una segunda serie de expe-
rimentos en- los cuales Sc cogian pulgas
de una rata que habfa muerto de peste
y Sc colocaban sobre una rata sana en-
una jaula limpia a prueba de pulgas de
construction semejante la va descrita,
la de alambre. En- 80 experimentos
hubo Il transmisiones con exito sea
55 O0, utilizandose ratas blancas in
glesas y salvajes de Bombay, como en-
los experimentos anteriores.
La posibilidad de que las pulgas
|transnitiesen la peste de una rata a
|otra quedo por 10 tanto directamente
demostrada.
SIN PULGAS NO HAY PESTE
Sc han llevado a cabo experimentos
en- casas de ladrillos construidas espe-
cialmente para animales de las cuales
Sc excluyeron por complete las pulgas,
|demostrandose que en- estas casas los
animales infectados por la playa (ratas
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1912-06-27

10 conejos de India), pod1an permane-
Ger en- contacto intimo con animales sa-
nos, correr juntos, conner de los mismos
platos sin que hubiera nj un solo case
de infection de los animales infectados
los sanos Nj siquiera Sc retiraron los
cuerpos muertos de los animales infec-
tados por la playa por alg1n tempo
despues de la muerte, y en- algunos ca
SOS las ratas Sc comieron estos restos
sin que nj siquiera por ESQ contrajeran
la peste. En- oposici6n a estos expert
mentos en- los cuales Sc excluyeron las
pulgas tenemos aquellos Ell que las ha-
bia, Y una epizotia cuya extension e
intensidad dependia del n1mero de las
pulgas
/ Quedo establecido un hecho impor-
tante por la Comision de la India; que
estas casas destinadas a animales per-
maneclan infectadas hasta tres sema-
mas despues de haber muerto de la pla-
ga ell tlltimo animal que EN- elias residia
Este periodic (tres semanas) correspon-
dia con ell tempo maXimo que segGn Sc
ha comprobado puede durar ell bacilo
EN- las pulgas
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1912-06-27
COMO INFECTAN LAS PUIGAS !
LOS ANIMAIIES SANOS.

Los medios posibles de infection son
Que ell animal coma pulgas infectadas !;
transmission mecanica por medic de la
trompa; inyecci6n de los bacilos junto
con la saliva como resultado de la in
feccion de las glandulas salivareS re-
gurgitaci6n del contenido del est6ma-
go de la sangre hasta la boca trans
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-11-30

ANACOsTIA.

Members of the Anacostia Methodist
Episcopal Church congregation yesterday
responded literally with offerings of
groceries and other useful articles for the
benefit of the Methodist Home I'm Wash
ngton.
The young woman members of the choir
" ST Teresa's Church entertained their
friends last evening mt a dance in the
assembly hall of the parochial school on
4 street.
The committee in charge of plans for
he formal dedication of the Randle
Highlands school building next week,
With DR.. B. T. Woodward as chairman,
,as practically completed Them
The regular business meeting of the
Junior Daughters of the King of En-
manuel Episcopal Church. scheduled for
asteyenine. was omitted and in its place
4 social gathering was held at the home
Of Miss Annie Hingley. on Maple avenue.
Word was rece.ved i'm Anacostia YES
.erday that the examination of the stray
log which bit two persons in Anacostia
asst sunday, and was shot by Policeman
A. q. >Ogle, and turned over to the bu-
eau of animal industry. proved that the
luimdl was suffering from rabies George
toward and Frederick Shepherd, the two
persons bitter. viii be sent to the n.y.
sienic laboratory for treatment
Work was started last week on placing
he flagsfone crossings at Minnesota ave-
aue and 10th street and Minnesota ave
bue and T street
DIR. William A. White. superintendent
Df the Government Hospital for the In
sane, left last week for New York city.
where he will remain several days In
MS absence the Institution will be in
charge OF Dr. George II. Schwim, senior
assistant physician at the institution
News was received a few days ago of
he death in Brooklyn, y. V, OF Mrs.
Helen G. Letich, formerly connected with
he Government Hospital for the Insane,
until a short time ago. when she went
20 live. with her SON in Brooklyn. Mrs
l1etich was member of Electa Chapter
No. .. Order OF the Eastern Star of Ana
.ostia- The body will be brought TO
Washington and buried in Congressional
cemetery. A brother. Herman Clark, is
4 resident of WASHINGTON
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-11-30
RIVER BUOYS NOT BURNING.
Three Aids to Navigation Are Dis
covered Unliphted nv THO

Capt. Henry Davis, master of the tug
Camilla, which arrived here yesterday
with a tow from the mouth of the river
reports three gas buoys at important
points on the river as not burning
The first he noticed was the new buoy
recently placed on the lower end of the
Kettle Bottom shoals The Camilla found
this when she came near running over
ii in the dark. The light buoy near Cliff
ton Beach. about forty miles below this
city, also was found unlighted. as was the
red buoy recently established near Indian
Head to mark the wreck of the schooner
Caroline Mears.
The red buoy at Broad creek, which
was before reported out of places is sad
to have moved farther out into the chan
nell and instead of being an aid to navi-
CATION is menace to small craft. The
attention of the lighthouse authorities
will be called to the extinguished light
buoys so that they can be rehghted as
soon as possible.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-11-30
POOL TOURNEY.
Frank Sherman Hangs Up Rich
Prizes for PLAYERS.

\ pocket billiard tournament is being
arranged at the Royal billiard parlor to
be played December . to II. inclusive
The following well known players have
entered: C. r.. Johnson, NJ. Rosenthal
Frank Swan and George Kelchner
The tourney will be limited to six players
and the two needed to complete the list
will be chosen from large field Of ap-
plicants. The games will be 100 points
each on championship table. according
to the latest championship rules. Prizes
First, $50; second. SO, and third. So
No admission will be charged to see the
games, the object being to promote the
game and develop the player to COM
Dete with Baltimore player in an inter-
city match that may be arranged in the
near future
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-11-30
ADJUSTMENTS.
Nine. Alda's Recital Ideal.

That Washington is a discriminating
community in the matter of theatrical
and operate entertainment was never
more positively emphasized than at the
splendid concert yesterday afternoon at
the Columbia Theater given by Nine.
Aida, one of the finest operate singers
who has ever come to this city. Her
brilliant soprano is one of unique beauty
in color, quality, expression and execu-
ton, and her program was not only a
new but an exquisitely delightful one.
In it's first four numbers, chiefly eight
be building her way to greater accom-
plishment All of them were daintily
sung and served to disclose the range,
plaintive quality and meditation of her
Hugo Wolf. including "Berceuse" and
"Auf dem Grunen Balkon," and three Of
"Morgen." "Liebeshymnus" and
"Caecile.'' the poetic musical tempera-
ment of the singer was still further dis
closed. the last song being brilliantly
spirited and revealing the reserved power
of the great prima donna. An encore was
inevitable, and "Old Black joe was i'm
pressively sung by Nine. Aida.
OF the following group, including selec-
aninow and Massenet, the Romance of
Debussy was exquisitely sweet; Ferrari' 8
"Rispetto'' artistically fine and the two
Massenet numbers brilliantly sung, with
another encore, Lisa LenmannS THE
Cuckoo The last group included ia
miliar songs, "Soft-footed Snow my
Laddie." My Heart" sprightly song:
I'VE Banks and Braes O. Bonnie Doom
and the aria "Un Bel Dr." from Madame
Butterfly" Such was the enthusiasm of
the audience following the last that Nine.
Aida graciously gave two additional en-
cores, 1.-The Years at the Spring. Mrs
Beach, and THE Birth of Morn" Leoni.
AS brilliantly beautiful as was the sing
ing of Nine. Aida. the Accomplishments Of
Andre Benoist could not pass unobserved
They were ideal, was the recital ITSELF
Nine Aida also disclosed bit of super
stition which is said to characterize all
great artists. Her little silver elephant. a
talisman of good luck, in which, it is said
she reposes great faith, rested on the
piano throughout her recital. She never
appears without 1t.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-11-30

TO the canal as indefensible, morally,
legally and officially.
rs ii wise craftsmanship" he asked
ITO sell the birthright of the nation IN
British support for the NEUTRAL "a ton OF
the Panama canal for mess of pottaSe
enacted by Congress relating to the
canal?'
Admiral CheSter's lecture was delivered
to an audience that packed the large
auditorium of the New Masonic Temple
TO it's capacity-hundreds of government
officials of higher or lower degree. as well
prominent business men of Washing
ton. and large number of representa-
tives of official and social circles. listen
ing to the address with close attention.
Canal Features Shown.
The lecture was illustrated with nu-
merous colored lantern slides showing
features of the work on the canal. and
which was shown practically every
phase of the actual construction work
now being done. The work of the huge
dredges, the concrete mixing machines,
the overhead troIIeys. the immense rivet-
ing machines and all of the various ele-
ments which have contributed to the sue
cess of the WORK We're shown, in natural
colors and the pictures were frequently
greeted with applause.
1t is stated that duplicates of these pic
lures have been deposited in the Library
of Congress and the archives of the War
Department. where they will be pre-
served as parts of the official records of
the canal work. The eight reels of pic
lures used by Admiral Chester yesterday
afternoon and last night were loaned for
the purpose by the Kinemacolor Company.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-11-30
Sentiments Revolutionary.

II know these sentiments are revolu-
tionary." Admiral Chester continued
but | will. quote from this newspaper
clipping. and you can see / am not far
wrong" He then read account which
told of the lecture tour recently made
to the most prominent universities of the
United States by DIR. Manuel de Oliveria
Lima. BriZilian minister to Belgium. In
his lectures Senior Lima, who founded
the chair of Brazilian studies in the nj
versity of Paris, declared that the Mon
roe doctrine will never have the support
of the people of Latin America until it is
revised a-ong lines which appear fair to
the inha btants OF the southern repub-
lies
In regard To the proposed system of
tolls for the Panama canal Admiral
Chester declared that the integrity of the
word of the United States, given in a
treaty should be maintained even il In
so doing millions OF dollars shou be
lost. lie launched into comprehensive
discussion of the Clayton Bulwer treaty
of 1885, and of the Hay-Pauncefote treaty
it. which. he said, stated that
the canal shall be free and open to the
vessels of commerce and of war of all
nations observing these rules on terms
O. entire equality, SO that there shall be
no discrimination against any such ma
ton or it's citizens or subjects In respect
to the conditions or charges of traffic
or otherwise
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-11-30
HYDE FOUND GUILTY
ON BRIBERY CHARGE
New York Chamberlain Used
City Funds to Aid Carnegie
Trust Co., Jury Says.

NEW YORK. November "0.-EX-City
Chamberlain Charles II. Hyde, on trial
for alleged bribery. was found guilty
shortly before midnight
The case was given to the jury at Sos
o'clock last night. at the close of a two
hour charge by Supreme Court Justice
Soft Half an hour later the jurymen
went to dinner. resuming their delibera-
lions as soon as their meal was finished
Hyde was accused, in the words of the
states counsel to the jury, of using tine
power and the pressure of his official po-
sition unlawfully To induce Joseph G.
Robin. head of the defunet Northern
Bank, to cause the bank to loan the tot
.ering Carnegie Trust Company S13o0o.
Day Spent in Summing Up.
Counsel for state and defense spent the
final day OF the trial summing up Max
D. Steuer for Hyde took up the morning
session. and Assistant District Attorney
Moss finished speaking for the prosecu-
lion shortly before o'clock
The latter attacked the alienists called
,y the defense. who declared that Robin
IS insane.
The prosecutor declared he would not
SC afraid to submit the ex-bankcr to Il
test of mental control. quietness, COM
nand of himself and logical memory with
yome of the experts who had found Robin
faulty i'm those particulars. Mr.. Moss also
picked flaws in the alibi built up for the
accused man. who testified that he was
at home at the hour Robin declared
HYDE was in conference with him. and
bringing pressure to bear to force the
Cans
Argument of Mr.. Steuer.
Mr.. Steuer. on the other hand, tried to
Ihow that the facts brought out during
he trial made impossible the conversa-
lion which Robin said took place between
him and Hyde.
Justice Golf. in charging the jury. said
The meat Of. the charge is: Did the de-
'endant receive something by which ais
course of action was infiuenced?' If he
lid. then he il guilty of the charge of
bribery. If there was any consideration
whatsoever. even if ii was of no intrinsic
ralue-thc position is the same
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-11-30
INSIST ON
MUNYON'S
PaW-PaW Pills
FOR
Constipation

MUNYON'S Paw Paw Pills unlike all other
isxatives or csthartics. They coax the liver into
activity by gentle methods They do not scour;
they do not gripe: they do not weaken; but they
do start all the sccrctons of the liver aud stom-
ach in way that soon puts these organs IN u
healthy condition aud correctS constipation.
Nuuyop's Paw Paw Pills are Il tonic the
stomach liver and nerves. They invigprate in
stead of weaken; they enrich the blood instead
Of impoverisbing it; they enable the stomach 20
got all the nourishment from food that is put
into il.
These pills contain cslomel. no dope; they
arc soothing. healing and stimulating They
school the bowels 10 act without pbysic. Price,
* cents. All druggists.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-11-30
CONSIDER BILL MONDAY.
Senate Subcommittee to Take Up
Protection of u. S. Seamen.

The subcommittee of the Senate COM
mittee on commerce has determined to
take I'D next Monday consideration of the
bill which passed thhe House last ses-
sion which would prevent the Involuntary
holding OF American seamen I'm servituds
in foreign ports.
Senator Burton of Ohio, chairman OF
the subcommittee. will endeavor TO OBJ
tain action on the bill i'm the short SEES
sion. Senator Nelson of Minnesota, chair
man Of the committee on commerce., who
is interested in the bill. is expected to
reach Washington by tomorrow
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-11-30
Funeral of Mrs. Macallister.

Funeral services will be held Monday
afternoon at . O'Clock for Mrs. Janet
at her late residence. IS Hick-
DRY avenue, Takoma Park, Md. Mrs.
Macallister died Thursday night at the
age Of seventy years. She was the wife
of Alexander Macallister and mother OF
lanes q. Nacalljsfer. She was one of
the pioneer residents Of Takoma Park.