davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11
PAINFULLY INJURED.

On last Wednesday morning, in the
yards of the Louisiana Southern Rail-
way, where he is employed at the head
OF the carpenter department, Emile
Hotard was thrown of a nine-foot
scanold by car which was backed
without giving any notice. Mr.. Hotard
was painfully hurt about the arm, leg
and left side of the body. He was
able. however to return home without
assistance.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11
CHRYSANTHEMUM PLEASURE
CLUB.

The Chrysanthemum Pleasure Club
wish to announce to their many friends
that they will give their next monthly
reception at their club rooms. COG
Eighth street, Saturday, July goth.
Those wishing invitations can get them
from any one of the members, or by
calling at the club.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11
TRINITY LUTHERAN CHURCH
NOTES.

Sunday School Teachers meeting
Thursday, 1880 p. m.
Choir practice, Friday, Z pm.
English service, Sunday, s a. m.
German service, Sunday, 1915 a. m.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11
Just One Trip.

What! Going out again tonightY'
began Mrs. Nagg.
"Oh, no; just this once" replied her
husband. with aggravating cheerful
ness. ut will be too late when get
back to 60 out again. "-Philadelph
Ledger.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11
CLOSING ExERiCES.
Holy Name Of Mary School, AIgiers,
La, July 10, 1912.

Holy Name of Mary School, AIgiers,
La, July 10, 1912.
Programme.
Greeting Song-Pupils.
Welcome to Father Larkin.-Miss
Marguerite Haggerty.
FROM DARKNESS INTO LIGHT
A PAGE FROM COLONIAL TIMES.
Drama in Four Acts.
Dramatis Personae.
Martha Washington .......
Miss Imogene Barrett
Mrs. Carroll Of Carrollton.
Miss Margarita Kelvin
Miss Delaney. -. Miss Edna Aucoin
Mary Warrington. ..........
Miss Stella Charleville
Adelaide Winthrop ...........
Miss Ruby Legendre
Mrs. Attention. -. Miss Doris Kelvin
Helen Morris. $500. Miss leila Casey
Lady Catherine Duer (friend to
Mrs. Washington
Miss Nettie Worley
Leaders in Colonial Society.
frances, orphan. Miss Irene Sinclair
Mabel, orphan. -. Miss Irma Wardrop
Mrs. Hammond, benefactress.
Miss Doris Kelvin
drs. Elliott, Of the New York
Hospital -. Miss Nettie Worley
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11
Old Judith, professional beggar
Miss Mercedes Bolton

Old Judith, professional beggar
Miss Mercedes Bolton
Pauline, her crippled daughter
Miss Margarita Kelvin
Annette, maid to Mrs. Attention
Miss Katie Fitzpatrick
Lizzie, maid to Mrs. Attention.
Miss Grace Legendre
Guards, Boys, Citizens.
Spanish Dance and Song-Miss Mar.
garita Kelvin.
CLOUDLAND
Or
SPIRITS OF THE RAINBOW
Rainbow Dance-Tableau.
Comforting Of graduating honors
Graduates Farewell-Misses Rubv
Legendre. Marguerite Haggerty, Irma
Wardrop, Doris Kelvin.
Music will be furnished by Mars
Orchestra.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11

and one-half miles long which ascends
to an altitude Of &.072 feet The cog.
railroad from Manitou to the top Of
Pixies peak Is eight and three-quarters
miles long and the ascent is 800 feet,
reaching an altitude Of 14,109 feet
above sea level.
See America First" IL the slogan.
See the west. the east, the north and
the south-thsn 60 to Europe II you
must
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11
Human Mature,

Truman Mature.
Henry, the landlord says he's going
to raise the rent"
"I'll never pay it..
Il really think he wants to get rid of
u.s."
Does he? Then. Of course. sI'n pay
ft"-CleveIand Plain Dealer.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11
Really the Only Way Out.

Young man, how do you expect to
marry my daughter II you are in
debt?" why. sir. In my opinion, it's
the only square thing to do. The
longer l am engaged to her, the worse
OF will belize
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11
Want Column
FOR SALE-FOR RENT.
FOR SALE.

Fine Brewster buggy and harness,
cheap. In first-class condition. Apply
DR.. A. c. King, 3O5 Vallette street.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11
The Shadow.

Why il a mans shadow like a false
friend? Because It follows him only
In sunshine.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11
Bird Reservations

The federal government owns fifty.
nve bird reservations In different parts
OF the United States.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11

EIy-On Wednesday at 1:50 a. m.
Louis Ely, husband of Barbara Kizer,
died at the age of sixty-three years
He was a native of Germany. The
funeral took place Thursday at $3.50
o'clock from his late residence, SIS
Slidell Interment was in st. Barthol-
omew cemetery.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11
DIED

Porzler-On Friday, July ., at 4:3O
o'clock a. m, Mrs. Chas. Porzler, nee
Margaret Schwartz, one of our oldest
residents, died after long illness.
Mrs. Porzler, who was eighty years
old, was born in France, but had re-
sided here for the past sixty years.
The funeral took place Saturday af-
ternoon at o'clock from the residence
of Mr.. Aug. Brill, SAC Verret street.
Funeral services were held at the
Church of the Holy Name of Mary.
Interment was in Firemen's cemetery
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11
FOR RENT

A furnished house for rent; parlor,
bedroom, dining room, kitchen and
bathroom. Apply 213 Seguin street.
tip.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11

NEW ORLEANS GREAT NoRTHEss
Leave. An"
100 .. m. Columbia, Tylertown, "a.
Bogalusa and Int. ~ "a
DAILY, EXCEPT SUNDAY.
9 AS q. m. Jackson, Columbia, ~
lertown. Folsom, and
Tnt g 0oRs
80 D. N. Folsom, Covington, Apiu
Springs, Mandeville
and Int. ..........eWS
SUNDAY EXCURSION:
:35 a. m. Folsom, Covington, AonA
Springs, Vaudeville "A
and Int. ..........sWr
WEDNESDAY EXCURSION:
7 :35 a. N. Ramsay, Coyington ADr
Springs, Mandeyille ana "a a
Int.
SCHEDULE ALGIERS RAILWAY . L''
ING COMPANY. x.s0a
GRETNA CAR-Commeneing a. ssrJ:
m, Gretna car leaves Canal slIee. "A II
10 minutes after: 30 minutes aiter, rsul
minutes. to the hour. Last car ~ -
street ferry for Gretna at lzao
GRETNA CAR-Leaves Gretna, psI as
at 9 :2S a. m. and 8 and % minutes -
the hour and II minutes to the h", n,ght
car leaves Gretna at II 80 a. ~ ,.rry hsf
kruf
ing beginning at 5 :33 a. m. on sns ~ houk
minutes after and 20 minutes 70 sn' aifbt
Last car leaves ferry az IL 30 a H. IN
PACIFIC AVE LINE-Leaves oe ~
beginning at 3 rs a. m; az anu IA -
utes after the hour, and IL MINUS
hour. ,. fosef
NAVAL STATION-Leaves lower a,sseb
for Newton and Teche 8 :l6 a. m. ,.s Grefn
at Newton and Teche streets VIII at ~
car for ferry every 20 minutes. Int
leaves lower coast at IL 81 a. NJ x.0a
NAVAL STATION-Leaves barn -. psd
m. for lower coast. Connects with thS -
fic Avenue line from ferry. at NexsSiuhf
Teche streets every 20 minutes, pes -
at 8 40 a. m. Last car leaves Ne"
Teche at IL :0S a. n, night. A.. oaD
TRANSFERS ON ALL LINES-,a -
good at Newton and Teche streeu
presented at time they are punches Srn,
r. s. STEARNES. c. y. a; Sss61l1
Superintendent. Genera 2 s:
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11
fAzoo 4 MISSISSIPPI yArrv,

e Union station.)
90 a.n.. Motor Car
: ~ a'n m '1,SAsgurs Excursion ssNA
4;lo pm. Baton Rouge w.; sse,s
Vile Arcomodation "0O0-
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11
PONTCHARTRAIN RAILR0AD
SUNDAY SCHEDULE.

Leave Milneburg-5 80, Z 100. SIS, ~
5 80, 4 90, 80, 8 90 5 80, 8 90 sA
Z 100, Z 80, s 100, s 80. 100. s:so, W.
and IL 80 p. IN. -
Leave Pontchartrain Junction--oM
9 100, Z so, 8 100, 10: 02 and II :00 =
II :01, 200, 2 100, 100, 80, W -
5 100, 80, 6 100, 80, Z 90 80, On
s 80, o 100, 10 100 and IL 100 p. N.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11
WEEK DAY SCHEDULE

In Effect Wednesday, May p, 1917 y
3 80 a. m. 80
Leave Milneburg-6 100, 700, -
10 100, IL 100, IL 80 a. m. 100, le
4 40, 40, Z 100, s :15, o 80, lO;w
Leave Canal Street, As, 9!05 -
4 100. 6:15, 1925 p. m. 90
6 80, 1850, 40, 10 80, IL go
II 80, l 40, 2 AS, 4 :05, 10, 6:zV
8 AS, 10 100 D. M.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11
Railroad seheduI.,

-, fTce Si'r''',. ~ Ne,o ox,.
f td,,, railToad A. steqmshiD r len. sor.,
TOURISTS cpF1' .,a.tfy 10 sse nckets, asa
'"e city
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11

oman llAi23 Station.)
10 q m; The Limited" ChIc,,,
81 L"ais, Louisville sSssS
-.,o ClIcinnau .....
10 pm; Est. Mau, Chicago :; sls,,
-.,o Louis louisville 4 g CtS o.
! &c: 10 n'l M Local local Mail 49, sa
2 Son: 80 P.ti'. 'M,t GroTP Express :. ia
3 100 n. m. Tile Merry WI WI ...l0lssSS
Southboaad The Merry WIZ, -
all stations between NcfomTh' aow'' stos :
leans. ~ouio and IA.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11

LOUISVILLE { <ASHv,,
Depart. R0h
s 200 pm. An n
. :0O pm. Gin. K Fla. ExO ' lA,
80 an. gin ybL & N.Y. I@,s
;45 am. Montgomery AZ. saOss
d 20 pm. -.G..l Coast Accn.. Sas,,
lation. Daily E1. snn o
10 pm. Mobile Accom- .sN,.
Ill az
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11
NEW ORLEANS GREAT Nosruv,,
MOBILE & OHIO.

O .oo terminal Station, Canal Street,
2 40 az an 81 Louis Limited. S9s..
''o Pm. st Louis Express. SSSss
LOUISIANA SOUTHERN RAIw,y "a
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11
SOUTHERN PACIPlc
lCniOn Statinn,

s..o linton station.l
% !oU AM. Texas Local
- ''o ALL ~; sunset Exp. for Ia asn
2 ~ pm. Lafayette Local ,s&n
10 &c: go P@' c. Texas Limited "a ia
''''0 pm; AN an Express, for Wa
L. lex and Cal...... fS.
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1912-07-11
LOUISIANA RAILWAY 4 NAvIGATrox
COMPANY.

(Formerly N. O., Fl Jackson Z Grand u
Railroad.)
8 :05 am. Daily ....... I:sp1
8 80 pm. Saturday & Sunday. 9asaA
Gilpin observer., 1912-03-07
SPUR DAISY MAKING REPAIRS.


Work Will be started next week
OF making repairs to the top build
ings and machinery on the Spur
Daisy group of claims with the OBJ
1ect in view Of starting operations
on company account. Leasers have
been doing some work in the proper
ty for several months
From reports, the Gilpin- Mohawk
company, which will operate the Spur
Daisy group, will prosecute work in
? most vigorous manner. Work will
be carried on through the Two Sis
ters shaft. There are 10 claims in
the group and two working shafts
with buildings and machinery. The
main workings are 800 feet deep.
There is big showing in the 300
east level of the Two Sisters and
good crevice in the 200 of the Clare
Marie, which connects with the Two
Sisters. There is a streak CT lead
ore in the Two Sisters from to
10 inches in width that will average
$4,000 to the ton and with this is a
good grade of mill dirt from to 3
feet wide.
Gilpin observer., 1912-03-07
CALL FOR DEMOCRATIC PRI-
MARES AND CONVENTION

All Democratic voters of the City
of Central are hereby requested to
meet in the respective wards of the
city, on Wednesday evening, March
10, 1912, at 7:3O o'clock, for the pur-
pose of selecting delegates to attend
the city convention, which is here
by called to meet at the City hall
building, Central City, on Friday even
ing, March 10, 1912, at 8 O'Clock.
Said convention is called for the
purpose of nominating ticket COM
prising:
One Mayor.
One Alderman for the First Ward
for a term of four years.
One Alderman for the Second Ward
for term of four years.
One Alderman for the Third Ward
for term of four years.
One Alderman for the Fourth Ward
for term of four years.
One Alderman for the Fourth Ward
to fill the vacancy caused by the
resignation of w. ]. Richards.
And for the transaction of any bus
mess that may properly come before
said convention.
The several places of holding the
primaries will be as followsr
First Ward-County Treasurer's Of
flee, Court house, Eureka street.
Second Ward-City Hall Building,
Eureka street.
Third Ward-Leidinger' store, Law
renee street.
Fourth Ward-Angove Building,
Gregory street.
The several wards are entitled to
representation in the city convention
as follows:
First Ward-Five (5) delegates.
Second Ward-Five (5) delegates.
Third Ward-Six (6) delegates.
Fourth Ward-Three (3) delegates.
Dated at Central City, Colorado.
March 7th, 1912.
ROBERT C. JOHNSON,
Chairman of Democratic City Gem
trail Committee.
NJ. ]. LEAHY, Secretary.
Gilpin observer., 1912-03-07
RAPIN's ATTRACTIVE STORE.

This is positively the neatest and
most attractive jewelry establish
ment in the state" remarked a trav-
cling man this week in speaking of
the new quarters of A. Rapin. The
gentleman undoubtedly knew what he
Was talking about as he visits all
the towns of any size in Colorado.
Mr.. Rapin surely has >an attractive
store and the fixtures harmonize so
closely that one cannot refrain from
passing favorable comment. The roo:r
is large and well lighted both during
the day and night. In his old
quarters, Mr.. Rapin was crowded for
space and much Of the large stock
Of goods he carries was stored under
counters and none Of 1t could be dis
played to advantage. The size Of the
new store permits of splendid dis
play and attractive arrangement.N New
fixtures have been added and the
already large stock Of jewelry. cut
glass fancy dishes. and sporting
goods has been increased. The store
generally is credit to the commun-
ity
Gilpin observer., 1912-03-07
driving from the mining field the
intelligent American labor now domi-

driving from the mining field the
nent.
The continued robbery OF the ore
producer by arbitrary and unjust de-
ductions in the amount of valuable
ore contents, plus unreasonable high
charges for smelling, will eventually
result in the practically confiscation
Of the mines by the piratical smell
ter combination, who are now max
ing great headway in that direction.
This is evidenced by the trusts own
ership of properties now operated by
them and charged with but mini
mum OF smelter costs compared with
what the Independent producer is
taxed.
The past twenty years has witness
ed the dismantling and abandonment
in this state of six large smelling
plants which when operated indep-
evidently, employed hundreds of men.
They were then engaged in healthy
and profitable competition in the pur
chase of ores, and of which the
miner enjoyed the benefit. They have
been utterly destroyed and their
workmen have been compelled to
seek other means of livelihood in 9TH
er communities. These plants were
demolished after their acquisition by
the American Smelling and Refining
company. They are gone but the
miners OF the nation are paying div
idends upon the cost of their ac-
QUESTION.
After this company was organized,
it permitted the Boston & Colorado
Smelling company, proprietor of the
works at Argo, formerly of Black
Hawk, to purchase ores to limited
extent and in limited area of coun-
try. In other words, it permitted the
Argo smelter to exist for few brief
years under conditions which meant
and which resulted in ultimate star
vation for lack of ores which it was
anxious to but could not buy. 1t sus-
pended operations two or three years
ago, since which time it has torn
down it's buildings. sold its equip
ment for old junk and turned it's
hundreds OF employees adrift. 1t
was a great institution in its time,
the pioneer smelter of the country.
1t deserved a better fate. 1t is gone,
Gilpin observer., 1912-03-07

and with it practically the last com
peting market for the ore producer.
Did the tariff save it or even pro-
long its dissolution?
The many instances Of robbery'-by
the Guggenheim interests and their
agents in this camp are available for
the consideration of the congressional
committee who are to investigate
the inside workings Of the ,smelter
vampire, which now fattens OF illgot-
ten gains wrung from the mining
industry. which is fast reaching a
point where it will be far better to
leave the ore in the mines, awaiting
the time when either the ore produc-
er shall have competitive bids for
his ores as Of old, or the state or
federal government comes to his aid
with smelters controlled in the in
terest Of all the people.
Gilpin observer., 1912-03-07
ARGUES FOR MINING.

The mining industry of the state
has loyal friend in Gen. Frank
Hall, who writes in Wednesdays S
Denver Post in part as follows:
The most effective way to boom
Denver is to boom the industrial in
terests of the state. The merchants,
manufacturers, bankers, real estate
men, in fact every influence in the
community should unite in commend
ing and as far as practicable, ad-
vancing the mining industry as a
great integral part of our Industrial
ism. In the mountains are many COM
mercial centers, all Of them tributary
in greater or less degree to the cap
ital Of the state. Why not aid these
centers to achieve greater prosperity,
for out of those communities when
in flourishing condition by reason Of
increased output of mineral, will flow
an unbroken continuity of traffic for
Denver. The way to get our machine
shops and factories running at full
blast is to acquire more consumers.
The mines are among the most at
tractive industrial fields in the COM
monweakh. Put these to work and
hey will exert directly beneficial in
flrence upon every trade channel In
this city. 1t will fill up vacant houses
and stores, and the now depleted pay
rolls of our manufacturers. -
"As mine operators become en-
riched from the proceeds of their
mines, many of them will buy or
build homes in this city; therefore
real estate men should foster min.
ing to the extent Of their ability .Mer'
chants will find encouragement OF
mining a prolific source of trade.
Farmers will find in the mountain
camps thousands Of buyers of their
products. Many thousands more than
they now have. The dwellers in the
mountains are accustomed to think
Of Denver as,if not inimical to their
interest at least contemptuously in
different. They believe that all Den
yer thinks of is to sell real estate
absorbing all it can and giving
nothing in return.
"It is all right to boom Denver
but let US not forget what is due the
mining camps"
Gilpin observer., 1912-03-07
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

Rev. Clinton Reed, formerly Of
Black Hawk and now missionary to
Africa, is expected to take part In
the service Sunday morning. March
10th. He will also address the Sun
day school at 10 a. m. The annual
offering for the Board of Home mis-
sions will be taken at the eleven
o'clock service. Let none Of the mem
bers and supporters forget to bring
or send their change.
VIM. Mcleod favored us with
tenor solo last Sunday, reminding the
attendants Of old times. The choir Is
now a fixture with something good
every time.
The Sunday school now has two
choirs. the girls alternating with the
boys and both under Mrs. McLeod's
direction.
Devotional Bible study next Wed.
nesday evening with Mr.. A. Thomp-
son.
Gilpin observer., 1912-03-07
ROAD FUND SLICED.

The state highway commission this
week apportioned the state road
funds, amounting to $53O,O00. among
the counties Of the state according
to the provisions of House Bill No.
200, the legality If which is in the
hands Of the supreme court. The
money will be available to the coun-
ties II the bill is declared constitu-
tional, but, if it is held to be invalid,
the funds will be left for distribu-
tion by the next legislature.
The state highway comission ex-
poets decision from the supreme
court before April 1st.
The apporitonment made by the
highway commission gives Gilpin
county $4,000.
Gilpin observer., 1912-03-07
NEwHoUsE TUNNEL BUSY.

Daily at the Newhouse tunne
from five to eight cars of ore are
consigned to the market, says the
Idaho Springs Gazette. When the
whistle blows in the morning a big
body Of miners enter the tunnel and
the dump is scene Of activity with
the shops and power plants running
full force, the tracks full of cars in
process of unloading, the locomotives
switching cars and making up trains
OF empty cars to be taken in the
tunnel for loading or carrying timbers
tools or supplies to points away be-
meath the mountain where the prec-
ious ore is found
At no previous time has the bus
mess of the tunnel been more salts
factory. 1t is the result of the more
liberal policy of Manager Schirmer
and in conformity with his purpose
of adjustment of rates to accord
with the volume of business there
will soon be announced further re-
duction of rates. The policy is one
that will be followed persistently in
the endeavor to stimulate business
to much larger aggregate.
The ore shipments are coming prin-
cipally from the Gem, Saratoga, King
Bee and Dyke mines. In the Gem
the lease operated by Won Tilborg
Nd "a &c 1ar
amount of ore and is increasing rap
idly. This splendid ore body is prov
ing to be the greatest deposit that
has been opened in years and possi.
bly, will prove to be the biggest thing
ever discovered in the district. The
ore body is from five to eight feet
in width, is several hundred feet
long and is assuredly continuous for
/, 100 feet above the tunnel. 1t has
been opened below the tunnel level
and seems if anything to improve be-
low. In the Gem also, Shaffer and
King, Coe & Co., and Bradley & Co.,
are shipping steadily. The Dyke mine
is outputting about thirty tons per
day. The ore body is opened for 600
feet laterally and extends to surface
There is room for four times the
number of machines in the Slopes
already opened and the output car
be increased at will. An upraise tC
surface and levels at intervals above
the tunnel is planned. Through this
means the Dyke will shortly become
la great mine. -. In. !.
The Saratoga shipments have main
tained regularity for some time ant
the lessees of the King Bee are max
ing good showing.
Such a condition at the Newhoust
is hopeful argury of an early re
vival Of mining throughout the dis
trict this spring.
Gilpin observer., 1912-03-07
ELks ELECT OFFICERS.

At the meeting of the Elks held
Monday evening, the following offf-
GERS were elected:
Harry L. Eilmann-Exalted Ruler.
Henry ]. Stahl-Esteemed Leading
Knight.
C. Thurston Matthews = Esteemed
Loyal knight.
DR.. E. F. Warren-Esteemed Lead
ing Knight.
NJ. J. Leahy-Secretary.
R. B. Brown-Treasurer.
John T. Smith-Tyler.
John Brohl-Trustee three years.
r. S. Harvey-Trustee one year.
L. ]. Rachofsky-Representativei to
the Grand Lodge, which meets in
Portland; L. ]. Williams alternate.
The newly elected officers will be
Installed on the first meeting night
in April.
Gilpin observer., 1912-03-07

Mrs. Helen NJ. Wixon. state sup
erintendent of public instruction. will
Issue n call in few days asking
every schoolboy in the state to OBJ
serve the first annual Colorado Good
Roads day in May by getting out on
the highways in his district with
pick, shovel and team. She will ask
the girls to assist by preparing lunch
con on the roadside for the young
workers. The parents will be urged
to lend the boys their teams and
tools and to appoint committees to
direct the boys in their work. A
prize will be offered to the district
which makes the best showing. but
the manner Of raising funds for the
prizes has not been determined.