davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-14

offers the best examples Of modern. in
habited cave dwellings in that country.
In the southern part Of Germany, over
f ooaans and fe un.1pianed cave dwellings.
known as the Heidenlocher These caves
have been excavated IN q cliff which rises
perpendicularly from the lake about thir-
ty feet from the water level. A narrow
path formerly skirted the shore and
from it entrance was gained by means
of ladders. The present approach is by
stone steps slong the face Of the cliff,
the former stairs being badly disinte-
grated.
There was at one time a large num-
Der Of these caves, consisting of series
of rooms. chambers. cellars and inches
connected with one another by Railways
arched and others fat ceilings. Some are
deliberately adorned with columns. pilas-
tiers and cornices. Others are quite SIM
pie in design. Most of these contain
doors and windows. In parts of the
cliff inches and riffs are to be seen,
which are probably the remains OF
former cave dwelling. At present there
many having recently been destroyed by
the construction OF a road.
There is no historical information ex-
tant regarding the Heidenlocher Moth
ing has ever been found within them
which furnished a working basis for es-
tablishing the race Of the people which
built and lived within them, their age or
the purpose Of their construction.
Among the GASES Of the Sahara desert.
in northern Africa, there are two distinc-
tive types Of dwellings whose counter
parts are used extensively throughout the
southwestern part of the United States.
These are cliff dwellings in connection
with pit rooms and underground villages.
This similarity Of structure Is largely due
to the climatic resemblance existing be-
tween the two regions. Both are ex-
tremely hot and subject to fierce rain and
sand storms which make subterranean
caverns almost indispensable.
The village Of Matmata, in northern
Africa, is one Of the most extraordinary
underground settlements in the world. 1t
consists OF series of depressions. about
thirty feet in diameter, connected with
one another by means of lateral passage
ways. All open into q sunken court
which Is a common gathering place for
the Inhabitants, in which most Of the
household work is performed. The ex-
cavated chambers are used as sleeping
rooms. and are arranged one above an
other. Many of them are deliberately
adorned with pictures. rugs and furni-
ture; others are almost bare. Entrance
is gained to this village by means OF
subterranean tunnels slanting upward.
man and beast. Villages of this type are
not uncommon throughout the arid
deserts of Tunis. Some of them are en-
tirely below the earth's surface; others
are partly above ground.
In volcanic regions high, sharply
pointed cones sometimes result when the
softer stone IL rounded away from some
more durable lava rock. Thus 10 pillar
Of stone left standing high above the sur
rounding country. Into these. IKE %
many woodpeckers. have the cliff dwellers
drilled themselves caves. The rock Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-14

Indies, Mexico, North and South America
and Alaska. Wherever rocks are found
that can be. readily worked into caves.
ruins Of dwellings, within them are gen
orally In evidence
At King Island, in the Aleut!ans. those
Alaskan islands that extend halfway
across the Pacific toward Japan, there Is
a settlement Of forty dwellings literally
dashed by cords to the side Of a precipi-
tous cliff. Each habitation consists OF
two chambers, an inner, partially exca-
waited, and an outer, constructed OF poles
or driftwood These two parts are con.
nected by means Of tunnel. In the sum.
mer the family lives within the outer
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-14
FOR. JOHN RAUL JONES

naval officials who were In home waters.
The funeral ceremonies, first held in the
American Church In the Avenue d'Alma,
Paris. were followed by parade to
pavilion erected for the purpose on the
Esplanade des Inva1ides, where, but
stones throw from the tomb of the great
Napoleon. a unique and wonderful public
service was held, In which the French
government formally turned over to the
United States for its safekeepinP the
body of the greatest naval organizer and
fighter of modern history.
The parade in itself was something long
to be remembered. Five hundred Ameri-
can bluejackets and two companies OF
marines from Admiral Sigsbee's vessel
marched side by side with three French
regiments. The highest Of honors came
from all sides. Every member OF the
diplomatic corps in Paris was present In
person, or represented officially II absent
from the city. In the ceremonies OF that
day the ancient friendship OF france ana
America was once more soltd1fed ano
STRENGTHENED In the tokens OF respect
shown by the older nation, which mao
known so well the character ana personal
qualities Of the founder of the American
navy. Speeches OF tribute, respect and
contamination recalled the memories OF
Lafayette, Rochambeau and other Frencn
heroes who did so much to bring about
the brilliant termination OF the war o.
independence
After a farewell address at Cherbourg
delivered by Vice Admiral Besson OF the
French navy. Admiral Sigsbee, with the
remains carefully sheltered In pavilion
on the quarter deck OF the BrooKlyn
sailed for New York. Over hundred
miles off New York he was met by 9
squadron OF battleships, which escorted
the cruiser into port. Finally came the
wonderful display Of naval forces, when
in honor to the memory OF the man sc
revered in both countries. the remains
were finally brought to Annapolis for
temporary resting place after one OF tint
greatest naval spectacles ever seen II
America, in which the American anc
French war vessels made a shoWini
rivaling that Of any two nations IN tn
world.
Then came the change from the mos
brilliant Of spectacles. from the highes,
and most splendid of naval honors. to OBJ
security. Placed in semi-darkness, bidder
away from sight under the steps OF Ban.
croft Hall, the quarters of the nava
cadets at Annapolis, John Paul Jones
followed in death the changes OF hi.
living body. Not even a marine to guard
the remains, with q simple casket covered
by an American flag and surmounted by
a wreath, almost but not entirely forgot
ten. the body Of the man who first chal
lenged British supremacy on the seas
who first hoisted the American flag fol
salute by foreign power, who captured
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-14

room, but In the winter withdraws into
the cave for shelter from the cold.
In many parts Of Europe inhabited
caves are found in civilized communities.
In France there are at the present time
whole villages. including the church. to
be found in the rocks. which are merely
caves modified and extended and altered
by the hand Of man. The River Loire FUR
nishes many examples OF these modern
cave dwellers in civilized countries. Many
of these have, In modern times, had
dwellings, built In front of them and are
now used for storage. This is by no
means true Of all, and many a snug cliff
dwelling is today the abode OF a French
peasant. In the time OF Caesar the cav
erns Of Dordogne. France. were most
populous and remained so throughout the
middle ages. Tours, France. probably
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-14

The cave dwellings found in the old
world are much more ornamental and
highly developed enthusiastically than
those of the new. Many of the rock tenn
pies of Egypt China and India are ex-
amples of great skill and experiences n
rock cutting. OF these one of the most
famous and most beautiful Is the city OF
Petra OF the Syrian deserts.
This ancient city has been occupied sue
cessively by Edomites. Phoenic- ans.
Egyptians and Romans, all Of whom have
contributed their arts in the ornamental
ton of the temples and amphitheaters.
shrines and house walls. The present en-
trance to the city is by means of a mar
row defile called the Six. which Is simply
a narrow waterway in some places. not
more than ten or twelve feet broad ana
walled In by precipices rising from % TO
120 feet. In ancient times there was
paved path beside the channel. and re-
mains of an arch spanning it are seen
high in the air near the entrance. Though
most Of the city now lies in ruins. sew
eral of the temples and grottoes are yet
remaining which show great beauty In
design.
These caves are today serving a variety
of uses. In many parts of the world they
are used for habitations or as places Oh
shelter for livestock. Much Of the cham
payne of France ages in these under
ground structures. In Spain and Ger
many caves are appropriated by vaga-
bonds and rowing bands OF gypsies, while
in the far east they are occupied by
priests and mystics. So today Is the hand
iwork Of a prehistoric people being util-
ICED to meet modern needs.
The Smithsonian Institution has been
devoting much time of late in putting
together the lore Of the world with rela-
ton to cliff dwelling. ]. Walter Fewkes.
an authority on the American clin
dwelling, has been going further afield,
and has done much toward concentrating
all the knowledge extant in that institu-
ton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-14

unusual among such scenes he Is usually
amply rewarded for his labor. There Is
any relic Of the past age. Such things
as hatchets and cooking utensils
lose their commonplaceness when one
realizes that they were formed by the
hands OF people who lived hundreds OF
life.
At Casa Blanca Of the Canyon de
Chiefly. q branch of the San Juan valley
In northeast Arizona, two skeletons were
short time ago found buried in pen
taeonally shaped cyst They were in sit
ting position with knees drawn upward
toward the chin. and with hands crossed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-14

large family Of cliff jewellers who once
inhabited the regions Of Arizona, Colorado
and northern Mexico. BY death and MI
grafton the family has been broken up
until these few people are practically the
only survivors who have retained the
original type and who adhere to the old
customs and traditions.
Along the boundary line Of the Mexican
states Of Chihuahua and Sonora In north
ern Mexico ruins of homes are found in
the river valleys. These silent villages
are most numerous where the soil Is rich
est. In regions where there was not suhi-
Gent natural water supply, bitches and
terraces for irrigation nave been dug.
On the crests Of the hilltops the crumbling
remnants Of old fortresses are found. an
evidence Of the warlike disposition Of it,
prehistoric inhabitants.
When one hunts for the weird and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-14
Quick.

NrHARLES w. MORSE owed much
- of his success to his uncanny
quickness at bargain" said q New
York broker. "They tell q story showing
that this gift OF quick bargaining was In.
stinctive with him.
"Charlie Morse. at the age Of nine, en-.
tered q hardware shop the day before
the Fourth and said:
Gimme ten cents worth Of gunpow-
der
what do you want It forr the deal.
er asked
"'For q Nickel piped Charlie. prompt.
IT,"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-14

for American Indians. Their hair is
long. black. straight and stringy. and Is
worn hanging down their backs. The
children run naked and the adults make
only slight Improvement upon this con-
dition. The one most noticeable feature
in connection with the character Of these
savages and the one which has done most
to keep them in their retarded state of
culture is their extreme timidity. They
fear the sight OF white man and hide
within their caves at his approach. They
have a superstitious fear Of all strangers
and believe that II they keep themselves
out Of sight their existence will never be
known.
The Tarahumaris are branch of a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-14

their original inhabitants has come to be
associated with a certain pastoral people
who lived about the time 10 B. G. These
people were of a very low degree of CIV
ilization They had formulated no Ian
guage, but expressed their desires by
means of signs and unearthly sounds.
They went nude or dressed in skins Their
food consisted Of meat Of their herd.
milk and blood and bones, which were
crushed and mixed with meat, SO as to
form a kind of hash, which was wrapped
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-14
GERMAN CAVE DWELLINGS.

cient apartment houses was about four
or Ave stories. The floors separating
them were usually thick enough to hold
any weight that might rest upon them,
though occasionally they have given
away. forming lofty chamber. Many Of
them have porticos which are obviously
Of later construction than the dwellings
themselves, ~ indicated by Greek or Ro-
man arches or columns.
BY comparing the evidences OF antiquity
in connection with these hahitations with
certain historical records the identity Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-14

which should be celebrated far more than
the actual defeat of American arms In
the battle OF Bunker Hill or the tenta-
tive victory Of the battle Of Lexington.
This is the capture of the Drake. a Brit
ish vessel of sixteen guns. by Admiral.
then Capt, Jones, in the little Ranger.
of but fourteen guns. After many trou-
bles, caused through the political jeal-
Jones had obtained the Ranger, ves-
sci which he had fitted out himself. US
ing in part his own personal funds to
bring her strength to the perfection
which the money given by the Cont
mental Congress could not allow. Then
came his final and greatest test
II he could prove that the American
built vessel, manned by American sailors,
was even close to being the equal of
the British war vessel of similar strength
the effect which would be derived from
his victory you'd mean the recognition
of America by the governments of Eu-
rope, especially that of France, and In
the one fight with the Drake he demon
strated this. and SO obtained the aid
which had q greater result in obtaining
American independence than any other
single factor in the great game of ma
tons.
This will he the second of the national
John Paul Jones memorials. The frs,
Is to be brought before the public during
the coming week. through the unwilling
of the Neihaus statue in Washington, fol
which the sum Of $4,000 was appropri-
ated by Congress in 1908.
This memorial is located in Potomac
Park at the foot of 18th street, and is
recognized as one of the finest specimens
Of monumental work in even the National
Capital, where such memorials abound
Backed by a marble shaft twenty-five
feet in height, is seen the figure of the
founder of the American navy, pictured
by the artist in the uniform Of that day
as standing on the deck Of the Bon.
homme Richard during the fight with the
British frigate Scraps. His hand resting
on the hilt of his sword, and his thin. de-
termined face strained in it's anxious
search for the signs of victory, yet with
never a doubt Of the ultimate result OF
the battle to be seen on his countenance
this statue presents vefitable triumph
Of American bronze.
But John Paul Jones was not the hero
of q single battle. After q successful
cruise in American waters, during which
he captured several prizes in the shape
Of British transports carrying munitions
of war to the British army in America
he sailed for France. Then commenced
the most interesting and historic period
of his history. First came the wonderful
raid upon Whitehaven and the surround
ing country. The audacity of such q
feat was beyond the comprehension Of
the average English mind. He was NJ
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-14
A CLIFF DWELLING IN ARIZONA.

on their breasts. The bodies were
wrapped in coarse nets Of vegetable fiber,
and with the exception of a few grains
Of corn the graves were empty.
But the cave dweller has not confined
his operations to North America. Here
merely have been taken those caves
found within the United States. They
have been dwelt upon particularly with
regard to the character and social life
OF the people Of this section because the
human element existing between them
and the people OF this country seems to
be accentuated by their very proximity.
Caves showing evidences of habitation
are widely distributed geographically.
There is q belt of such dwellings, extend
ing from China across india to Asia
Minor and Arabia. From here 1t follows
both shores Of the Mediterranean. con-
tinues into the Canary Islands. the West
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-14

which these cones are formed is easily
worked with rude implements. SO that
rooms may be excavated in it in q COM
paratively short time.
In Asia Minor the same thing has hap
pened, and cones have been found whose
interiors are honeycombed with small
chambers. These are reached by means
Of circular stone stairs resembling round
tunnels. Cases have been known where
nine or ten stories were thus connected,
though the average height of these an
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-14

in raw skins and roasted. They killed
only those animals which were old and
sickly. as they had a reverence for their
cattle and sheep which amounted to a
kind OF ancestor worship. They believed
themselves to be the descendants of such
animals, and therefore regarded butchers
as unclean persons. In addition to this
kind of food they ate lizards and SER
pents. Those OF the tribe who were sick
ly, crippled or too old to work were either
killed by their own hands or by the COM
munity at large.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-14

HE Smithsonian In
stitution is virtu-
ally a clearing
house for the in
formation of the
world upon the sub
ject of cliff dwell
ers. DR.. ]. Walter
Fewkes, who, per-
haps. knows as
much about cliff
jewellers and cliff
dwellings as any
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-14

Br fish naval force ana nrSt Wo~ Ior
America battle of the seas.
April "A, a week later, will be celebrated
the 134th anniversary of this first great
victory Of the American navy. when the
little Ranger. first American-built fight
ing vessel. whipped and sunk the British
ship Drake, a much more formidable
craft.
BY midsummer it is expected that the
magnificent crypt for which Congress has
appropriated $4,000 will be completed and
ready to receive the remains Of this. the
first of the great naval heroes. This
crypt. located under the handsome chapel
of the Naval Academy at Annapolis, is
intended to become Westminster for the
heroes Of America who fight her battles
on the seas.
-
Finally Is period Of six years Of
strange neglect of the remains Of John
Paul Jones to be broken, and those re-
mains are to be placed In this crypt in
stead Of suffering an Indifferent tolerance
in an out-of-the-way place as might SO
much useless plumber. For OF the story
must be told the body of John Paul Jones
has been tucked away under a stairway
at Annapolis since 1t was brought from
France with such honors as have been
rarely paid a martial hero since the be-
ginning OF time. The nation which rose
as a man and did homage to John Paul
Jones upon that occasion failed absolutely
for half a decade to make any provision
whatever for the burial Of his remains.
and at Annapolis the authorities did what
little they could toward guarding the
revolutionary hero against indignity. His
body was placed in a hallway beneath the
stair Of Bancroft Hall and there fenced
or from intrusion. Yet it remained I'M
buried. jest in the mouths Of the acad-
envy cadets and reproach to the country
at large. Last year Congress appropriate
ed SIS, 600 for a crypt beneath the chapel.
and when this is completed final resting
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-14
IDNESDAY next

EDNESDAY next
in Washington will
be unveiled a mag
niicent memorial
to John Paul Jones,
the first and most
romantic of Ameri-
cas- fighting adj
mirals. So will the
nation pay the
tribute of a monu-
ment to him who
first defeated a
a~I Rrct u-n- fnr
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-14

miracle. with the few and inefficient ves-
sells at his command. till. finally forced to
give up through the intrigues Of the in
competent and jealous Russian mobiles
who would rather suffer defeat than OBJ
tain victory under the command OF Ad-
miral John Paul Jones.
Returning to France, where he was
showered with honors, even being re-
ceived with the greatest respect and
courtesy in England, where he had but
a few years before been hated and feared
under the title of Pirate Jones, he spent
two happy years, dying at a time when
he had resigned from his naval position
with Russia and was about to have been
placed at the head Of the French naval
forces through his many friends In the
national convention. At this time, though
not in want, he was q poor man, and
only the merest chance gave descriptions
which led to the discovery Of his body
and its complete identification, the credit
for which IL solely due to Gen. Horace
Porter, then ambassador to France. who,
at a personal expense of $4,000. recov-
cred the remains and arranged for their
return to this country.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-14

A MEMORIAL Is About
"A to Be Unveiled for Him
in Washington-In Annapolis
Is Being Prepared a Crypt for
Naval Heroes, and the Re
mains of John Paul Jones
Will Be the First to Occupy
It-Yet These Honors Come
After Six Years of Indiffer-
ence and Neglect, During
Which the Remains of Ameri-
cas- First Great Admiral
Have Rested Forgotten I'm
derneath a Doorstep at the
Naval Academy = Six Years
Earlier These Remains Had
Been Given Such an Ovation
as Is Without Parallel-For-
tune Is Tickle to Paul Jones
After Death, as During Life.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-04-14

Buried in little plot, with four other
bodies Identification was only made pos
sible through the description left by
friend, who stated that he did so in case
America should ever desire to perform
her duty to one to whom she owed the
most" The body Of Admiral John Paul
Jones of the United States Of America,
chevalier of France, admiral Of Russia,