davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1912-06-27
Hope. Still, For Unattractiye Women

A well-known bachelor who died
the other day at Frankfort, Ger
many, left an endowment for an
annual prize of 1925 to the man
who leads the ugliest woman to
the altar. If the bride is lame as
Wen as unprepossessing the groom
will receive an additional S25.
This reminds us that the town
Of Haschmann, in Germany, has a
system of rewarding lovers who
marry girls who have little or no
personal attractions. a well
known financier left a sum of
money to the town authorities to
provide dowries for the plainest
woman under 80 married in
Haschmann every year, cripple,
and four women under 40 who had
been Tilted several times.
Givette, town in the Ardennes
was left some money a long time
ago, and today it encourages mat
rimony by awarding money prizes
to mothers who send the largest
number of children to the schools.
1t may not be generally known
that the church wardens Of Vat
teuden receive every two years
from the mayor and burgesses of
Reading the sum of 8 shillings
under James Pocock's charity. 1t
appears that Pocock by his will,
dated Sept. 26, 1910, gave to the
mayor and corporation Of Read
ing the sum of $3.50, on condition
that they should buy land with
the money. "The rents thereof,
so runs the will, 1to be employees
to provide eight shirts and eight
smocks, of shilling apiece each
or ab&e, and bestow five shirts
and five smocks TO ten of the
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1912-06-27

ZINE WOMEN'S DEPT. 6NgWN
& A9kSSSSEz zSAgAY
BY MRS. nARY wIcKs

bristles of the roller brush and
seem impossible to remove, use
wire-brush of the ten-cent
variety. After removing the
roller from the sweeper, vigor-
ously brush out the tangles with
the hair-brush it will be clean in
less than five minutes.
Cleaning Windows.
For cleaning windows use
ammonia in the proportion OF one
tablespoonful to one gallon OF
water, or whiting missed with cold
water to a paste about as thick
as cream. But the work can be
performed by using clean water
and two chamois feathers, one
for washing the glass and the
other for polishing. The latter
should be kept dry and soft.
See that the wash feathers are
quite clean, and do not make the
glass so wet that the water drips
from it. Have plenty of clean
water and change it frequently
Dip the channels in this and rub
panes, taking care that the cor
ners are not forgotten Wiring the
cloth tightly and go over the sur
face of the glass a second time.
Tben noIisb with the other wash
leather.
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1912-06-27
WHIT POT PUDDING.

-Four level teaspoons cornmeal,
6 tablespoons molasses, 2 eggs, 1
quart milk, little salt. Cook in
double boiler, keeping water in
lower portion just at boiling point.
Serve hot.
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1912-06-27
STRAWBERRY FILLING

One cup of strawberries, /
scant cup sugar, white of an egg.
Mash together slightly with a
fork and then beat with egg
beatcr until thick like whipped
cream. Enough for three layers.
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1912-06-27
SOUR CREAM SPONGE CAKE.

For Centennial Square-Two
eggs, / cup sugar, 2-3 cup sour
cream, 1 teaspoon soda, IL
teaspoon cream tartar, 1 1-2 cups
flour, little salt and vanilla. When
in tin sprinkle top with sugar.
Delicious.
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1912-06-27
PASTRY OLIVE OIL

TO make pastry from olive oil,
about 4 cup Of oil to 8 cups of
flour is the right proportion. Add
pinch Of salt, little baking pow
der and water as usual.
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1912-06-27
CORN CAKE.

One cup cornmeal, IL cups flour,
2 cups sour milk, teaspoon Of
soda, teaspoon salt, IL cup mo-
lasses, 1 egg, tablespoon melted
butter. LASTLY 1 cup sweet milk.
Beat il.
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1912-06-27

in the northern part of Barry
county there are traces OF early
inhabitants. In the early days
the settlers discovered many
garden beds.
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1912-06-27
BEAUTIFUL YARDS CONTEST.
san. Antonio Offers Prizes Assrssating
S24n.


$240.
Prizes aggregating S24O have been
offered by the chamber OF commerce
In a beautiful yards" contest started
In San Antonio by the real estate divi-
sion Of the organization. Last year II
similar contest was held. when the
prizes offered were much less. and 1t
awakened an err Of civic Improvement
that has been increasing steadily.
The prizes are to be for back and
front yards. which will be graded &C.
cording to certain rules which have
been published for the benefit OF all
contestants. These are divided into
several classes so that improvements
may be along general and original lines
and not have set or stilted appear
ance. Prizes have been offered also
for the most beautiful school grounds.
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1912-06-27
TREES ON STATE ROADS.
New York Highway Commission Plants
1900 Poplars and Birches.

$500 Poplars and Birehes.
Fifteen hundred trees are being plant
ed along the Kingston Ellenville and
the Acknowledgements state roads by
the New York state highway commits
sion. About 300 trees will be set out
along the former and about 900 along
the latter road
Ii Is the intention of the state TO
beautify the country through which
state roads have been and are being
constructed and the trees will be
planted In sections where at present
there are no trees. In time the trees
will add greatly to the beauty or the
state highway routes Poplars and
white birches are the trees chosen for
planting
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1912-06-27
Economy Dishes

Fried Oysters-Dip them in
beaten egg, then in cracker crumbs
and fry in hot sailed fat a rich
brown. .
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1912-06-27
Fashion Talks

arranged at either the high or
natural waist line.
For the medium size, the blouse
will require ga yards of mater
ial 81, 3-4 yards SO or yards "A
inches wide with ga yard of all
over lace for collar and cuffs !;
the skirt will require Ia yards
81, 3 IA yards SO or A inches
wide. 1t is 1-2 yards in width
at the lower edge.
The May Manton pattern of
blouse 1850 is cut in sizes from
"a to AZ inches bust measure; of
the skirt 1917, in sizes from %
to 80 inches waist measure. They
will be mailed to any address by
the Fashion Department of this
paper, on receipt Of ten cents
for each.
NO. ---...-..---.-----.-.----.-.-
Name ---..-..---..-..--.----.-. -.
Auoress ---.--
oize ..-.-.
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1912-06-27

Note-Mrs. Wicks will be glad TO
answer through the column Of this
paper letters pertaining TO the
home.-Editor.
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1912-06-27
You, Madame,
Cannot Afford to Take Chances

Your bread and pastry are re-
sponsible to yNIr flour for their
quality, and you cannot afford to
be in doubt regarding its quality.
Buying good flour doesn't nee
essarily mean that you must pay
higher price but rather that
you see to il that you get your
moneys worth.
You can do this by insisting
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1912-06-27

upon Crescent flour, the brand
that is guaranteed to make good
bread and pastry. 1t costs no
more than ordinary flour, and 1t
will give you extraordinary pro-
lection.
Try one sack and see for your
self what nearly half century
of milling experience has accom-
plished for particular housewives.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1912-10-17
CITY ORDINANCE

The City Of Berea ordains that an
election to be held at the regular No
yember election, IL. for the purpose
of taking the sense Of the qualified
voters OF the City as to whether the
City Council shall be empowered TO
issue bonds in the name of said City
to the amount of sixteen thousand
dollars (s16.OO0) for the purpose OF
constructing system OF water
works for the said City.
2. That said bonds shall be of one
thousand $4,000 denomination and
payable in twenty years and bear not
more than per cent interest from
date OF Issue payable annually.
3. That said Council shall annually
levy a tax sufficient to pay the in
terest not exceeding per cent on
the face OF said bonds.
4. That said City shall levy a tax
Of 4 per cent annually OF the face
OF the bonds issued. This shall be
set aside each year and put on in
terest for the purpose Of creating a
sinking fund to pay the faco OF the
bonds In twenty years.
j. l.. Gay, Mayor.
VIM. Gilmore Best. Clerk.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1912-10-17

aIong The eastern coast and uterine
date cities are all part Of the move
ment to evolve the real city beautiful.
II IL expected that fifty more munich
palities will follow this pioneer exam
pie within q year and that foreign OBJ
servers soon will have 10 omit the
customary chapter on the uglinsss
and monotony OF American communi-
ties
When James Brice wrote his Amer.
lean Commonwealth" he remarked
Justly that with but Ave or sir creep
tons American cities differ from one
another only in that some are built
with more brick than wood and others
with more wood than brick"
That these conditions are going to
change was demonstrated very clearly
In the course OF the meetings Of the
fourth national conference on city
planning. held at Boston. The mayors
OF twenty i've different cities accepted
the invitation rendered TO them By
Mayor Fitzgerald OF Boston. the Bos-
ton chamber OF commerce and the
Boston City club. With them came
many municipal engineers. many men
prominent In landscape architecture
and the representatives Of many civic
organizations which are directing
their activities toward the rational
OF American cities and
towns
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1912-10-17
Community Improvement.

II is not wise for q community to
undertake general Improvement until
each shall first have cleaned up his
own property. In fact a neigh Dor
hood must be noted for It's neat ap-
pearsnce before much good will come
from united effort looking to the so
called cleaning-up for beautifying.
While rake and hoe and shovel will
aid much. saw and pruning shears In
the hands OF one lacking judgment
may do land often does) more harm
than good. spasmodic efforts seldom
result In great permanent improve
ment When ones own premises are
above reproach he may with propriety
urge q very general improvement I'D
on the neishborhood. In attacking
and prosecuting this work observe
the same rules and methods by which
you keep your own place neat and
attractive. and you will not 20 far
astray.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1912-10-17
ALPHA zETA'S 18TH AknIvER-
SARY

Alpha Zcta Literary Society cele-
brated her eighteenth anniversary in
Main Chapel last Wednesday night
In highly creditable manner. The
program was varied and interesting
thruout.
Mr.. Luther Case as president Of
the Society made the opening ad-
dress In which he discussed the work
Of Literary Societies from a practi-
cal standpoint. presenting a carefully
wrought out plan by which greater
efficiency can be acquired. and the
Societies be made even a greater
factor in College life than heretofore.
Following this was an Grafton by
Mr.. Harwood Bowman, Our Nation
al Crisis" dealing with needed indus
trial and economic reforms, his in
ferences being drawn from the fall
OF former nations resulting from sImi-
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1912-10-17
BIRTHDAY PARTY

Miss Blanche Wilson and a mum.
Der OF her friends gave birthday
party at her home. Monday evening
Oct 18th, in honor OF Miss Nettie
Scrivner's 18th birthday. The party
came as a complete surprise to Miss
Scrivner but II was an exceedingly
pleasant one
Both parlor and dining room OF
Miss Wilson's home were beautifully
decorated with autumn leaves and
the table was especially attractive
with It's festoons OF leaves dnped
from the ceiling TO the four corners.
The guests sat down TO delicious
repast consisting OF sandwiches, fruit
salad, fruit, ice cream and an i'm
mense birthday cake tastefully de-
coated with candles. Leaving the
dining room, the guests assembled
in the parlor and enjoyed them
selves with games and music for the
rest OF the evening.
Those present were the Misses
Ncttie Scrivner. Marie Scrivner, Pearl
Hin. Nora Wyatt. Bertha King and
Blanche Wilson and the Messrs. Dor
rel Flint, Floyd Heat. Stanley Ault.
Paul Edwards and Chas. o. Bowman.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1912-10-17
COLLEGE ITEMS

Dean Hubbard went to Cincinnati,
Saturday, to meet Mrs. Hubbard.
They returned, Monday. moving into
the Richmond house on Richmond
st. which has been renovated for
their occupancy.
Rev. Chas. s. Knight, Supt. of the
Extension Dept, was at home with
his family the latter part OF last
week.
Mr. Arthur w. Spaulding on his
way home, to Hendersonville, n. c.,
from a business trip to the East
stopped in Berea, Monday, for the
purpose of becoming more familiar
with the College and its workings.
Quite a number OF the members Of
the Faculty enjoyed a trip to Ang-
lin Falls. Monday.
Prof. II. 4. Cromer visited friends
in Ohio over Sunday.
Profs. Calfee, Howard, smith and
Montgomery attended the school fair
Saturday, at Lancaster. The meeting
was we'll attended and unusually
profitable.
Mr.. Lafon Kicker and wife of Har-
rodsburg. Mrs. A. II. Mckee and the
Misses Hunter and Kicker came to lie.
rea in their auto, Tuesday. and spent
the day visiting the various depart
ments Of the College.
Prof. John F. Smith who is engag-
ed in Extension work this fall was in
town the latter part Of last week.
Miss Laura Pagan who has been
at Boone Tavern the past
two weeks returned to her home at
Augusta, KY, Tuesday night.
Prof Lewis is absent a few days
this week in attendance upon the
Bracken County Teachers Institute
where he lectures two days on agri-
cultural subjects. From Bracken
County he goes to Louisa to attend
he Sandy Valley Improvement AS
meeting where he will al
70 lecture. At this meeting he is I'M
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1912-10-17
[itljyIIE1 Town.
RilElES@
ll@
oIS@
MUCH BEAUTY IN SHRUBBeRY
Recommends for Planting Between
Trees Where lusurisnt Effect
10 Desired.

Shrubs as well as trees have q
place In the Identification OF the city
streets. In the suburbs and outlying
sections OF the city one often sees
masses OF shrubbery In the parkways
along the residence streets. I feel
certain that every one will agree that
this sort OF Identification ought to be
encouraged in every possible way.
Planted between the trees, towering
and other shrubs add much to the ap-
pearance OF street. Such treatment
OF our parkways need not be confined
70 any particular section OF the city.
still. shrubbery 10 more becoming In
streets which have wide parkways and
naturally will thrive best and make
the finest showing In sections where
most appreciated and best cared for
wherever such planting IL done in
the residence sections OF the city.
along streets where q large number OF
people pass daily. II should be con
lined to the low growing varieties, no
higher than three or four feet. The
high growing shrubs form dense thick
cts along the parkway which AFFORD
lurking places for hold-up men and
thugs. The high-growing shrubs also
have . tendency to droop over on
the sidewalks. often causing incon-
venience to pedestrians.
Such shrubs as the Thunbers bar
berries. Japan ounce. strawberries,
rugosa roses. matrimony vines and the
various Wild roses make perfect
masses when left to grow in their nat.
ural form They should be planted
about two and onehalf feet apart. de
pending upon the size OF the individ.
usl bushes. The plants should be
placed irregulsrly In masses, and no
four bushes should stand in a straight
row.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1912-10-17
MORE FINE CORN

The Editor received a pleasant call
a few days ago from Mr.. Click of
Kerby Knob who presented him with
two fine red ears of corn.
The remarkable thing about these
ears Is not their color and size but
the fact that they were planted late
and matured SO early.
One Of the pleasant things about
the gift was the remembrance they
conjured up of old corn-shucking days
when We were always glad to get a
red or skewbald ear when we were
racing. We have almost forgotten now
how we did the counting, but the
pleasure will never be forgotten.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1912-10-17
School Garden Work.

II We are to interest the child In
the world about him we must begin
early in his lifo TO teach him the
things that touch his life He will
see plants every day OF his life and At
every step he will fnd them more
necessary, more interesting than the
mere words he learned In the school.
house. II 10 neither the words or
the knowledge OF plants that We are
after, but the best and highest dsvel-
opment. both mental and physical. Of
every child who attends school This
high standard cannot be attained
through that alone which may be
learned within . schoolhouse.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1912-10-17
REREA
Cincinnati

The largest line of stoves ever
shown in Bcrca now on exhibition al
WEIGHS. (adv.J
Mrs. Carnan of Harrodsburg Is
visiting her son here in school.
Mr.. A. c. Golden has been compell-
ed to give up his baking on account
Of his health.
Mrs. w. II. Bower was visited by
her sister, Mrs. Culbert, last Sunday.
Mr.. J. w. vanwinkle of Mt. vern-
on was in Berea, Sunday, leaving
Monday, for Louisville to attend the
National Convention of the Chris
tan church.
Something is about to be started
at Welch's. You know start Up
there means a sure finish. (adv.)
Mr.. and Mrs. w. H. Bower left,
Monday, for Louisville to attend
the Grand Lodge.
Mr.. and Mrs. Walter Engle have
moved into one of the Jones houses
on High Street.
The biggest 8 in the world is the
one spent at WEIGHS. Advt.
The revival at the Christian church
closed, Wednesday night, with 20
additions.
Mrs. Mamie Yates and family left
last week for Bloomington, ILL.,, to
make their future home.
It's no difference what kind OF stove
you want, you can get 1t at Welch's.
Advt.
Mrs. Margaret Robinson accompani-
ed by her little daughter, Oma,
was visiting relatives in Richmond
last week.
Keep your eyes open for Nov. LIST.
at Welchs. (adv.)
Mrs. Joe Rutherford who has been
making an extended visit in Illinois
has returned.
Mr.. Ben F. Gay surprised his
friends and relatives by bringing
home a bride. She was formerly Miss
Bowles OF Jackson.
Leather shoes at Welch's keep
you cut of the mire. Advt.
Mr.. John p. Jones. a travelling sales.
man of Cincinnati spent Sunday at
Boone Tavern with his long time
friend. DR.. Craig.
Don't forget Nov LIST. at WEIGHS. 7,
(adv.)
Mr.. C. M. Canfield's parents are
making him a visit. They came in !
heir automobile last week from their
home In Ohio.
Mr.. Maynard Lewis is working for
the Telephone Company at Paint Lick.
Miss Anna Davidson visited with
friends in Cincinnati from Saturday
until Monday.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1912-10-17
North Bound. Local

North Bound, Local
Knoxville 700 a. m. 1855 p. IN.
BEREA 1907 p. m 1852 q. m.
Cincinnati $3.50 p. m. 7:45 an.
South Bound, Local
Cincinnati $50 a. m. s:15 p. m.
BEREA 1884 p. m. 1888 O. m.
Knoxville 100 p. m. $50 q. n.
Express Train.
No. 80 will stop at Berea TO take
on passengers for Dayton, o.. Rich
mond, Ind. Indianapolis. Ind. Column
bus. o.. and points beyond.
South Bound.
Cincinnati 500 a m.
DEREA 1855 g. m.
No. 80 will stop to take on pas
sengers for Atlanta and points be-
yond.
North Bound
REREA 4:4e p. m.
Cincinnati s:37 .. m
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1912-10-17
lar Irregularities.

lar Irregularities.
Mr.. Sellers poem. God Hath Made
OF One Blood All Nations" was unique
both In thought and versifica-
ton. dealing with the developmental
commingling OF the races A reading
by Mr.. Gordon Imrie closed the first
part OF the program.
The latter part consisted OF an
oratorical contest which was follow
cd with interest and enthusiasm.
The contestants were the M,ssrs.
Herbert Eastman. Thomas Parker.
and Ernest Frost. the judges award
Ing first place to Mr.. Parker.
A special feature OF the evening
was the excellent music. violin solo
by Mr.. It. b. Currey and two seiec-
lions from the A. z. Quartctte.
As whole tho program was ex-
ceptionally good.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1912-10-17
FIRE!

Berea had its usual Saturday night
diversion when the store building on
Depot St. just by the side of Mr.. A.
II. Shorts residence burned. The
building was owned by Mr.. Short.
but Mr.. w. c. winkler has had 1t
rented for almost a year. The origin
OF the fire is unknown.
The College Fire Dept. as usual.
was on the spot In time TO save MIR.
Shorts residence. This is the third
fire we have had on Saturday night
about seven O'Clock since school
began.
Both the building and merchandise
were well insured.
We can enjoy riches better when
we learn how to be happy without
then,
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1912-10-17
WEIGHS

der the employ of the State Agri-
cultural Department
The football game played between
the College and Academy teams. Mon
day afternoon. resulted in a score Of
32 to O in favor OF the Academy.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1912-10-17
ANOTHER PLEASANT GIFT

Another pleasant gift during the
week was that of a fine Ben Davis
apple by Mr.. Joseph Williams of
Asbury, near Berea.
This gift also recalled pleasant
mcmories-the days when the Edi-
tor was a teacher and when the boys
and girls added to the pleasure Of
the many tedious hours by their
gifts and other good things from
the homes.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1912-10-17
&C AL P AGE
NEWS OF BEREA AND VICINITY, GATHERED FROM A
VARIETY OF SOURCES
You can get anything you want at

You can get anything you want a,
welch's Department Stores. Advt.
Mr.. @. ID. Holiday was in Gin
cinnati at the first of the week on
business
Mr.. and Mrs. ID. w. Morton delight
fully entertained the members Of
MIR. Morton's Sunday School class al
their home last Saturday evening.
1t always pays to keep your eyes
toward Welch's. (adv.)
Mr.. John ogg has purchased the
old place OF Mr. and Mrs. Anderson
Crawford on Center Street and Mr.
and Mrs. Crawford have moved to
Richmond and will make their home
with their daughter, Mrs. Geo. Hay
den.
FIRE, FIRE, Insure your property
against loss by fire with II. C. Woolf
successor to w. H. Porter, Berea, Ky.
Mrs. II. E. Taylor, assisted by Mrs.
Cowley, entertained at her home, last
Wednesday afternoon, the ladies who
have charge Of the various depart
ments Of the women's Industrial
which will hold its first meeting on
Friday Of this week.
Miss Eta Moore was in Richmond.
Saturday.
Aladdin" is the name of the most
excellent Patent Flour sold In Berea.
only at Holidays, at rs cents per
sack. along with all their other good
things to eat. (adv.)
Mr.. J. w. vanWinkle of Mt. Vernon
was visiting in town at the first of
the week.
The biggest deal ever pulled off
in Berea will start at Welchs Nov.
1st. (adv.)
Mr.. and Mrs. F. NJ. Livengood with
their friend who is visiting them and
a few other young ladies had
delightful time at the bungalow on
Indian Fort Mountain from Saturday
until Monday.
Look for the new price list Of "eys
openers" from Welch's Advt.
Mr.. Earl Hays accompanied his
orother-in-law. Mr.. Tom Hays, who
had been visiting here for some time.
70 his home in Illinois last Satur-
lay.
There's difference"-then he
lure and Save it" by going to
Welch's. Advt.
DR.. and Mrs. l.. A. Davis were in
Louisville at the first of the week
attending a meeting of the Grand
Lodge.
Mrs. Sam Cawood and little daugh-
er Of Winchester were visiting her
sister, Mrs. s. r. Baker, Friday.
1t looks like everybody trades at
Nelch's. Advt.
Mrs. ]. Laswell of Orlando visited !
Ter mother, Mrs. Mamie Brana-
nan, from Friday until Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. U. M. Burgess, Miss
darion Ledford and Mr.. Brandenburg
II Paint Lick were in town, Sunday.
Two houses and lots for sale.
iouses new. well finished. Prices
light. Apply to J. w. Hoskins, Berea,
Ky. Advt.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1912-10-17
ANNOUNCEMENT

The annual meeting Of the Berea
cemetery association was held in the
Parish HouGe. Tuesday evening the
18th as announced. and adjourned TO
meet next Tuesday evening Oct 20.
at 1880 p. m. Win all who are in
terested please take notice and lay
plans to be present to give your
counsel and cooperation.
Jas. A. Burgess, Secretary.