Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1912-08-24

c.~'Fer. - t'ah '.3nch sand Is uSed tn
Ttes'i,t vi: b. l2o.se sand on the sur
faCt; !: ;r0 El.:c,l cay Is GSef the sur.
face ~ ~. ru.I wiz lRreme sticky
after I1.1s
ILr 1''st mixture 81 sand and clay
caa lee E441'c Eken the NAT ria!S are
vet. :Cl particularly Is tnls true Of
be I-,,.Sti' ar b:.,. CT. $
l. ttr :':;:.,: j. a ...,:;.r or ball clay
Eu' y ~ 'trr rFo"i i'll be necessary
D '-b.2t1 = co.4t.p;" mixture: II 1t -
4 s:H,;t"g clay the mixture will lie
IA In'"e re'.I!i: nh."iucd This
..iad o. clay Is ut as satisfactory,
HoHrNer. - t.it. ia-!I clay. as lis bind
hg lmWprs are E.u: h less. In see T.
~ lay foT road purposes it Is always
nest ~ select The >tickieSt clay avail
be. y '0n!mUn test is to wet the
hun,h and tlacp 1t against Il piece or
:'iAy- II the cay will MT stick to the
;humb il IS safe to assume that ii will
De, poor binder in i Sau,l-c! road.
ana ebay axe such that the particles az
clay barely fill the voids between the
grains Of sand. it is we'll i'll determin.
Ing the Q!stHtity Of clay to be applied
10 IL sand road or sand to be applied TO
- clay rOai TO know approximately
how mulch is needed. \ simple method
for determining the relative quantity
is to take two glasses Of tile same size
and fill one with dry sand which it Is
proposed to use and the other with wa.
ter. The water should then be poured
carefully in the glass Of sand and al
lowed to trickle down through the sano
until it reaches the bottom of the glass
When the water has been poured into
the glass Of sand to the point Of over
flowing we may assume that the voids
between the grains of sand have been
filled, and consequently the amount OF
water taken from the full glass would
represent the volume of clay needed to
ill the voids in 4 volume of sand equal
TO that in the other glass. 1t is better
to use little less clay than would ap-
pear to be necessary, as the tendency
Is to overestimate the amount needed.
Good drainage is the most essential
feature Of the sand-clay road just as 1t
is Of all other types Of road. A sandy
or graVelly soil affords better natural
drainage, and If the sand is present to
an exceptional extent the only provi-
sion necessary for drainage will be to
crown the surface Of the road in the
same manner as prescribed for earth.
gravel or maeadam roads. If the road
is located through land that Is so low
as to be continually wet it will be nee
essary in addition to browning the road
to provide wide bitches OH each side
and to raise the readbed a. little higher
than the surrounding country. -
After proper drainage has been Sc
cured the roadbed should be crowned. |
beginning near the source Of supply of
the clay or sand. The clay should
then be spread to a depth Of from six
to eight inches in the center, slipping
off gradually to a thin layer at the
sides. Upon the clay should be placed
a thin covering Of sand. If the clay
Is of the plastic kind 1t viii then be
necessary To- plow and harrow it.. ad
the surface with disk harrow. Sand |
should be gradually added until the
surface Of the road ceases to ball and
cake. 80.
If the clay is placed on sand to q |
depth of six inches cubic yard OF |
clay will cover fifty-four lineal feet;
consequently a sixteen foot road treat. |
ed in this manner would require one
rubic yard Of clay for each three feet |
Of length. A mile of sixteen foot |
road would therefore require 1,760 /
cubic yards Of clay. II
If the clay subSoil is to be treated |
with sand 1t should be plowed and |
narrowed to a depth Of about four
inches. On this prepared subsurface
should be placed from six to eight
inches of clean sand, spread thickest /
at the center and sloping to the sides
in much the same manner as the clay
is applied to a sand road. These ma
terials should then be mixed dry in
stead of the wet mixing, which is
preferable when clay is applied to
sand. This is preferable because the
clay can be better pulveriZed when in
4 dry state. After dry mixing the road
should be puddled following the first
heavy rain. When the materials are
thoroughly mixed and puddled a road