davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
PUBLISH MONTHLY
 SERIES OF CHARTS
Depict Physical Conditions and the Dangers to
 Navigation

Washington, April f7.-For more than
 quarter of a century the Photographic
 office of the bureau of navigation. navy
 department, has been publishing from
 month to month series of charts Of the North Atlantic ocean, depicting physical conditions as well as the location Of dan
 gers to navigation as reported by ncom- ing ships. These publications are CIT
 culated freely among ship masters and
 shipping people in return for their news
 of the sea, the point of contact between
 the office at Washington. and the marine
 world being a chain of branch hydro
 graphic offices at the principal seaports' In recent years the collection of marine data has been immensely accelerated py
 the use of radio-telegraphy, and the n.y.
 topographic office is thereby enabled to
 publish daily in a daily memorandum
 whatever important reports of dangers
 have been received. By this means, Bos-
 ton. New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Nofolt etc. are daily put in possession or | the accumulated reports of dangerous derelicts, and icebergs which have been | edited by experts in this line of work. | Shipping companies and ship masters | also had been put in possession Of the | experiences ana JuuBfnenl pi ti"ihSN' | staff In the Photographic office as sum
 marized in a pamphlet entitled North At | lantic Ice Movement, giving a study Of
 the entire question: with diagrams to | show the usual limits of ice for a period | of ten years. The shipping community
 also had been provided from month to
 month with the pilot chart. showing the
 conditions of ice up to the time of print | ing and with the weekly Photographic bulletin giving details in regard to ice and | derelicts and also the daily memorandum
 summarizing the collect21 reports of eacl | day.
 The April pilot chart. issued March 2S | showed that in March ice had come as | far south as latitude A north.
 | The daily memorandum prior to the
 18th instant showed that the trend of fec was to the southward. icebergs being | sghted below the I3d parallel on April 7
 8, 9 and n; on the 9th and 11th 1t had
 reached 42d parallel, and on the 11th some of 1t was seen south of latitude 42. l Tho Titanlc's position was reported to have been latitude 4i.16, longitude 50.1i at the time of her disaster
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18

New York, April 17.-That Henry R Harris the theatrical manager, Is not among the Titanic survivors on the Carpathia is shown by a message re- ceived late today at the Hudson thea tre from Mrs. Henry B. Harris, hls wife, who. with MT. Harris. was on board the Titanic. Mrs. Harris name has appeared on the list of saved. The message came from the steamer Car rathia by wireless and said:
 Am safe Praying that Harry has Teen picked up by another steamer. Arrive Carpathia. RENE"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
THE WHOLE WORLD WAITS FOR STORY OF THE TRAGEDY
AN EXPERT SAYS BODIES OF
 VICTIMS ARE AT BOTTOM OF THE SEA NEVER TO LEAVE IT

wno were not carried down with the boa; followed until the very bottom of the sea was reached. There was no such thing as their stopping in their down ward course a mile orS at any other point.
 Great changes necessarily have been wrought in the vessel itself by the enormous pressure to which it has been subjected. No effect was produced on any portion or compartment, or room to whose inside as well as outside walls the water had access. In such instances the pressure from one side neutralized that from the other
 But whenever there was an air tight or water-tight compartment tho 5000 pounds to a square inch pressure os water has crumpled those walls ot the vessel as if they were tissue pa uer"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
Cyclone in Barbour

Eufaula April TIA cyclone which vis- tied Barbour county, Alabama, and Quit man county. Georgia, today resulted in one death and injuries to several others. A snegress living near Eufaula was killed in the wreck of her home. Three other houses on the same farm were destroyed. The same cyclone did considerable dam a se in the northern part of Henry county. Reports so far tell of nine houses being destroyed and one person. a negress. be- ing injured Every house on the McDaniel farm was destroyed.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
lee Fields Very Bad

St John, N B., April 17.-Three trans atlantic liners which arrived here today reported the ice fields off the New Found land banks as the worst ever encoun- tered.
 The arriving vessels were the Allan liner Corsican from Liverpool; the Ham burg-American line steamer Pisa from Bremen, and the Canadian Pacific liner Montroz from London and Antwerp.
 The Corsican was forced to stop in an immense field of ice Thursday so thick was the pack and so close were several of the monster icebergs.
 The steamer Pisa passed several bergs which were more than 200 feet high, while even larger bergs were seen to the south and 1t is believed it was one of these the Titanic struck.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
Nothing Authentic Known
Amateurs to Quit Work

Washington, April i7.-Cessation of all wireless communication by amateurs has been agreed on between the Marconi company and the navy department, ac- Attorney General Griggs, now attorney for the Marconi company. By this means 1t is hoped details of the sea tragedy may be quickly relayed to the shore.
 Prompt action is to be taken by Con gress to report a bill providing strict control of wireless transmission of mes sages q subject which Is under discussion between President Taft and cabinet mem- hcec
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
Are Others Safe?

New York. April 17.-A wireless message was received this afternoon by relatives of Mrs. Edgar Meyer. daughter of the late Andrew Saks, re- porting that she is among the sur vivors on board the Carpathia. Her name was not included in the list of survivors Her husband, who is vice president of copper company, was not rescued.
 The wireless message from the Car pathia via Halifax is not signed and reads:
 "Leela safe. Well cared for. Edgar missing"
 When Vice President Franklin of the White Star line was told the contents of this message he exclaimed:
 My. gentlemen. l hope that's true.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
Comment on Boats

London April 1s.-The London morning papers comment on the number of boats carried by steamers and call insistently upon the government to revise the anti qnated regulations of the board of trade which date from 1902 The subject will come up in parliament today.
 Contributions to the relief fund include the following: Morgan Grenfell, A. C., s10O0O; Edward Grenfel, s5Oo0; Barring Bros, $25Oo: Mrs. Mckay Edgar S2500 Mrs. Alfred Vanderbilt, $1050
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
None on Parisian

Halifax N. S., April 17-The steamer Parisian, the Allan liner which last Mon day was near the scene of the Titanic disaster. the fact arousing hopes until a derial was received from her of having survivors of the Titanic on board entered Halifax harbor at o'clock this evening
 The Parlsian was visited upon her ar rival by the port physician, who, on land ing, brought the information that the steamer had no further details of the Titanic disaster.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
Kaiser's Message

London, April 17-rhe text of the Ger man Emperors message of sympathy. sent to the White Star line, is as fol- lows:
 "Achilleion, April 16, 1912. Deeply grieved by the sad news of the terrible disaster which has befallen your line, I send you the expression of my deepest sympathy and also with all those who mourn the loss of relatives and friends WILLIAM, l. R."
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
Great Ice Field

New York, April 17.-What Is said to have been the greatest iceberg field ever seen off the coast of Newfoundland w0s skirted by the steamship LaBrstagne, which arrived here today. The field was 70 miles long and probably as wide and the steamer was five hours in passing along it's edge.
 Scattered among the small ice were betwen 4y and 50 immense pinnacles.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
Cause of Disaster

Washington, April 17.-The iceberg which caused the disaster was one Guar- ter to tne-half mile in length, rising 400 feet out of the water and G00 feet under the sun face, according to the government marine officers. This is based upon re- ports Just received here.
 The British steamer Lord Cromcr ad- vised the government officials that main- moth icebergs were seen in northern lati- tudes on March 31 and April 1, Monday.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
Message From Blackman

Chicago. April 1.-The following wire less message. dated April F. from the Carpathia was received here today:
 "Carpatha picked up TOO Titanic. most ly women. over 200O lost. Iceberg con tinuous mass 25 miles. Chicagoans this ship well. 8;35 a. m. Dr. r. 1T. Black marr"
 pr. Blackmarr of Chicago was going to Europe on the Carpatna. His esti- mate of the number lost is evidently an error as there were not 270O on board the Titanic.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
First Report Prom Chester

Washington, April 11.-The following tel egram as bulletin today was received by the navy department from Commander Decker of the scout cruiser Chester:
 "Carpathla states list of first and sec ond class passengers and crew sent to shore Chester will relay list third class passengers when expedent to Carpathia." |"
 The message is taken to mean that the list transmitted by wireless from the Carpathia to the station at Cape Race, N. F., through the Olympic contains the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
Relieve Dispatch Is Mistake

| New York, April 1.-The White Star Line company made public an unsigned
 message from the steamer Carpathia. It
 was probably relayed to New York. 1t l reads:
 | "Carpathia east of Ambrosia. All well" !" The officials think the Carpathia will arrive here Thursday night about E | o'clock.
 | Tine camperdown wireless station at | Halifax sent the Associated Press the
 following dispatch: We are now in communication with
 Carpathia. We are in a position to an- nounce officially that the Titanic struck lost; 800 survivors. mostly women. on Carpathia."
 The attention of the Camperdown sta ton was at once called to the obvious
 error in figures given to the Associated Press, which would give the total of lost and survived at 2700, whereas the total number. passengers and crew, is
 about 22oo without qualifying to the absence of the steamship California. Without replying to this inquiry, the fur ther explanation was received from Halifax as follows: Nothing Authentic Known "The Marconi station reports that
 nothing authentic regarding these lost is known by the Carpathia officers, but
 the steamer which relayed the message from the Carpathia, says the total num- Der of saved is only TO "There is no list of missing on the Cunarder and only rough estimate
 of her total passenger list is had, un- dated. There probably were more thar POO on ship. as quite a number boarded her at Cherbourg France. The estimates of POO have embraced
 the saiings from all ports. including Cherbourg. as far as the company of-
 ficials have been able to give the infor-
 nation.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
Reynolds Expresses Grief

President Taft today received the fol- lowing telegram from Joseph $. Reynolds. President of the Chamber of Commerce.. Augusta, Ga.:
 "Jhe Chamber of Commerce of Augusta shares your anxiety concerning your aid and our fellow citizen, Maj. Archibald w. Putt May your hope and ours that he te long spaIod to serve his country's President le realized"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
Pone Sends Sympathy

Rome, April 17.--Pope Plus x, and King Victor Emmanuel have expressed their deep sympathy for the victims of the Titanic disaster.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
ANOTHER VICTIM

Brockton, Mass, April 17.-Miss Katherine E. Mcguire. aged 50, heartbroken by the news that her nephew. John F. Mcguire, was among those probably lost on the Titanic, was taken violently i'll to- night and died within few mo- fnents. She had been In the best of health.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
Embalmers to Scene

Halifax. N. S.. April 17.--Carryins zoo cofiins, q corps of embalmers and many tons of ice. the cable ship Mackay Bennett left here today for the scene If the Titanics plunge. IL Is believed corpses of the Titanic's victims may be found near the place of disaster. The cable ships mission recalls the disaster to the steamer LaBourgogne when a similar vessel was fitted out here to search the sea for dead.
 At that time more than a score and 10 bodies were found floating in the vicinity of the disaster although the vessel did not get away from her until many days after the tragedy.
 No Details From Carpathia
 Halifax. N. &. April 17.-Sable Island wireless station was in communication
 CONTINUED ON PAGE 13)
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
STUDY SLIPPING
 DECkSFOR LINERS
An Unsuitable Ship Is Fic-
 tion, Says Expert
NO RAFTS CARRIED
Boats Carried Were Just Within Board of Trade Regulations. Impact When Ship Struck
 Iceberg Was Terrific

London, April 17.-"Naval architects are ieady busying themselves with the prob lem of designing a deck which can be slipped from a sinking liner,'' said John Harvard Biles, vice president of the in stitution of Naval Architects, in an inter- view today. He continued:
 ''The problem is chiefly that of the ex- pense of the apparatus which would be used only once in 50 years An unsink- able ship is all fiction of the trans Atlantic ticket sellers. All things con- sidered, even in case of a collision with an iceberg, a vessel of the size of the Titanic ought to be safer than smaller liner. A head-on collision would leave more compartments undamaged while a side swipe could be better resisted.
 "It is possible to carry sufficient boats to save every soul on board a liner. l cannot account for the failure of the wire less apparatus on the Titanic almost two hours prior to her laundering as a sup plementary dynamo was carried 15 feet above the water line."
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
EXPRESSIONS OF GRIEF POUR IN ID
 PRESIDENT TAFT King Georges Message and Taft's Response Made
 Public THREE CARDINALS
 EXPRESS SYMPATHY President of Augusta Chamber of Commerce Extends Sympathy to President Taft in Loss of
 Major Archie Butt

Washington Aprll lt,-freslueDt Taft today made public cablegrams re- ceived from the King and Queen of England and the King of Belgium, conveying their sympathies to the American people In the sorrows which have followed the Titanic disaster. The Presidents responses to both messages were also made public.
 King Georges Message
 The following was the cablegram from King George, dated at Sandrins- ham:
 The Queen and I are anxious to assure you and the American nation of the great sorrow which we experi- ence at tho terrible loss of life that has occurred among the American cit- izens as well as among my own sub jects by the laundering of the Titanic. Our two countries are so intimately allied by ties of friendship and broth- erhood that any misfortunes which af- feet the one must necessarily affect the ether and on the present terrible oc- casion they are both equally sufferers
 GEORGE K. AND T.
 Taft's Response
 President Taft's reply was as fol- lows:
 Tn the presence of the appalling dis aster to the Titanic, the people of tho two countries are brought into com munity of grief through their common bereavement The American people share In the sorrow of their kinsmen beyond the sea. On behalf of my coun- trymen, l thank you for your sympa- thetic message. WILLIAM H. TAFT" The message from King Albert of loi, oo T beg your excellency to accept my deepest condolences on the occasion of the frightful catastrophe ito the Ti- tanic. which has caused such mourning in the American nation" | The Presidents acknowledgement | follows:
 T deeply appreciate your sympathy with my fellow countrymen who have been stricken with affliction through the disaster to the Titanic"
 Many Expressions of Grief
 The many expressions of grief to reach President Taft included one sgned jointly by the three American cardinals, who are here attending the meeting of the trustees of the Catholic university. It said:
 1 ITO the President of the United States: "The archbishops of the country. in ] joint session with the trustees of the Cath 1 OiG ullNtIcltN pI <Aiiltlltdt ptS lO o'lNA to the President of the United States their expression of their profound grief at the awful loss of human lives attendant uron the sinking Of the steamship Titanlc and at the same tmie to assure the relatives of the victims of this horrible disaster of our deepest sympathy and condolerce. They wish also to attest hereby to the hope that the lawmakers of the county will sec in this sad accident the obvious necessity Of legal provisions for greatsr SCI urity of ocean travel "JAAiFS CARDINAL GIBBONS, Archbishop of Baltimore JOHN CARDINAL FARLEY Archbishop of New York. 'WILLIAM CARDINAL O'CONNELI~ sArchbishop of Boston,"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
Harris Is Missing

passengers as we'll as names of members of the crew saved
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
Give Out Information

The navy department has given in tructions to the commandantS of the
 navy yards and stations along the north shore where wireless plants are installed to immediately give to the
 papers any information received there from the Chester or the Salem, either names of survivors and lost. or details of the catastrophe if any are told to
 the Chester's officers by the survivors
 now on the Carpathia.
 This is a relaxation for this occa- sion of the rigid naval rule prescrib- ing absolute secrecy for messages re- ceived at the government wireless tele- graph stations and is in recognition of a public demand for information.
 Of the 710 people who were third
 class passengers probably BIO lost
 their lives. The names of BPS first and second cabin passengers have been sent ashore, leaving 540 names to come.
 Of these probably 400 are third class
 passengers and no are members of
 the crew who manned the life rafts.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
WELL PREPARED ID RECEIVE SURVIVORS Steamer Expected to Dock
 Tonight SUSPEND REGULATION
Newspaper Men Barred by Cunard Officials-0nly Friends and Rela- tives to Be Allowed on Pier.
 Will Give Financial Aid

New York. April 17.-Every effort to fa- cilitat the landing of the Titanics sur vivors when the Carpathia docks at her pier on the North river tomorrow night or early Friday morning. will be made by the immigration and customs authori- ties, officials of the Cunard line and the New York police.
 The plans were made known in various announcements tonight and provide for the fullest protection of the survivors and their relatives from interference from cu- riosity seekers and newspaper represen- tatives until they have left the Cunard pier.
 Customs regulations, it was announced would be suspended and all aliens among the survivors will be immediately dis charged by the immigration authorities to their friends and relatives as soon as they leave the ship, although such as may desire will be taken to Ellis island and cared for.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18

names of al lthe first and second class passengers rescued.
 The dispatch from the Chester stating only the third class passenger list had not been sent ashore indicates that 1l5 first and 167 second class passengers lost their lives. With 720 of the crew, prob ably lost the total number of those who perished Is estimated at 1872
 r The message from Captain Decker is the first confirmation the navy depart ment has received of it's calculation that the Chester had reached the Car pathia just before midday. The later Interpretation to be placed on the mes sage is, that the captain of the Car pathia stands upon the accuracy of tho list of first and second class passen- gers which was transmitted yester- day
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
Nagel to New York

Washington, April 17.--President Taft and Secretary Nagel held a conference tonight at which it was decided that Secretary Nagel will go to New York to- morrow to take personal charge of the administration of immigration inspection regulations to the Titanic survivors aboard the Carpathia.
 Toronto, April 17.-The board of control this morning voted S50o0 toward the re- lief fund for the families of the officers and crew of the Titanic. A citizen $ fund also has been started.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
Boats to Accommodate s6O

Figures from the highest official sources supplied today by one of the most promi- nent naval designers show that 96O souls was the greatest number that could pos sibly be saved with the apparatus ear- ried on the Titanic. That vessels facili- ties were just within the board of trade regulations which specified that ship must be equipped with wooden of metal boats sufficient to carry 550 passengers from a 10000 ton vessel. Collapsibe boats, rafts and other apparatus not ar ried on davits must be supplied to ac- oonmodate three-fourths as many, mak- ing the total it would be possible to save under the board of trade rules 962. The plans show that the Titanic carried life boats to accommodate 96O persons.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-04-18
Fifty-Three to Each Boat

Each of the IS life boats was capable of taking 53 passengers. There is not evil dence on the plans to show that the Ti- tanic carried any colapsible boats or rafts, her life boats putting her barely within the board of trade regulations. Comparison with the Oceanic and Cam pania, which are much smaller, shows that they carry 20 boats each, while the Lusitania has only 16. The board of trade rules laid down in 1905 took as their basis 10000 tons ships and apply only to ships with water tight compartments. It does no: appear that in the big ships of/later date any attempt to increase the life saving apparatus beyond that required by the regulations was made.