Forest City press. (Forest City, Potter County, D.T. [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1912-01-04
Table II.
OF land from which one-fourth of water will be drained
tile drains of dialnoters and grades Indicated.
it lRt4P bN 10
Iiapleler of Tile

!, ............ $3.50 $500 1920
re seytm CT, anu the distance be.
tween, latera1s should be governed by
he nature of the soil; that is. upon its
e~loseaess or retentivc character-
whether clay, gravel, Oh sand. To sc.
cure efficient drainage the individual
lines slould be placed near enougA to
each other for the effect of II line to
each that of another on either side
20 as to bring all of the soil within
he active range of the drains. In
Practice drains are placed from 90 to
500 feet apart and from u to AZ feet
'eep. If the main is six inches in di'
lmeter and laterals three inches in
clay soil, let the laterals be 40 TO %
Get apart: if the soil be open, the
'~aterals may be 4 TO 5 inches in diane
er and from so to 800 feet apart. In
ase of doubt regarding the proper
distance apart for drains they may
be so. placed that in cas- more perfect
lrainage is required a line may be laid
between the lines. Sometimes a sim
g,e line Of 5-inch or G-inch tile may be
Used in such a way as to afford good
drainage to an entire field. Laterals'
should enter the mains at an angle OF
ron, 10 to 30 degrees, thus avoiding
he distractions liable to gather at the
connection. Six inches fall in each
LOO feet is sufficient, but care should
be taken to have the greater fall at
The lower end or outlet: for if the We
locity of the water be checked sedi-
nent will be deposited and eventually
cause trouble. In general, 8 feet is a
proper depth for tile drains in average
oils, but sometimes a depth of = to
sla feet produces better results in some
oils. The more open the soil, the
'eeper and farther apart drains may
e placed; and they should be as deep
rs they win receive the water readily,
Nth A feet as the limit in clay and
llluyial soils.
In regard to size of tiles to be used,
has been a%scertained by observation
hat, in general, if a drainage system
will remove as much as o~ne-fourtil
nch in depth Of water from a given
urea in "a hours, it may be regarded
is decidedly beneficial and successful.
II situations where no advantage can
,e taken of the surface flow for relief
n times of heavy rainfall, mains may
se used large enough to carry Off one
nch of water in "a hours. Ordinarily
or lateral drains, no smaller than
inch tile should be used; and for oper
oils, where lines may be placed 10(
eet or more a1art, NJ smaller than
Inch tile should be used. Sub-mnins
III large branches which themselves
eceive the drainage from lateral:
should be regarded as mains in consid
ring their size.
The next thing to be considered Il
Grade. Tiles laid on steep grades car
" water much faster than do the same
size laid nearly level. One cannot tile
10 carry off all the flood water, but i
hould be done with the idea OF get
ting rid Of most OF It within a couple
of days,sso as not to lay on the crops
,ong enough to destroy them. A 4-inct
tile laid on a 3-inch grade will carry
about so gallons Of water per minute
One Pinch tile Is the equivalent II
carrying capacity Of two 9inch, thre,
S-inch. four Finch, five 6-inch, eigh,
5-inch, sixteen finch. All lands hav
ing 9 firm subsoil OF clay or grave
may be drained with any suitabl,
grade; but sand. ~quicksand, some o
the clays. and the soft sediment ii
swamp lands are instances where till
must be laid nearly level. The rea
son for this is that the water In tn,
tile On steep grades has SO much cur
rent that 1t causes little eddies o
water outside ct the tile at bad Q,
broken joints This. acting on the esnt
pr sediment, soon forms q cavity, TIL
end Ola tile drops and the trouble be