davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1912-07-14

Much Of the worlds indigo Is de-
rived from tho Salvadorlan plant This
plant. which Is known to the Salvador
ians as anil. is woody shrub attain
Ing height Of three or four feet. Its
leaves are small. oval and OF a dark.
rich green color.
At intervals along the main stem are
racemes. short stalks round which the
flowers cluster. and on these eventu-
ally appear numbers Of small pods con-
tanning seeds. While the plant Is very
hardy and will grow in almost any soil,
provided tho climate Is tn its liking, 1t
requires a deep. rich loan which will
admit Of the penetration Of the long
tap roots. with n loose subsoil through
which the moisture can percolate and
reach the roots
The water supply plays an important
role in the selection OF an indigo plan
tation. since n great deal of water ia
employed In the manufacture Of the
dyo.
About three months after being sown
the plant begins to flower. and at this
stag. the Fields nro examined daily.
When the lca\cs BEGIN to fade and be-
fore the flower buds open the stems are
ready for cutting.
For this purpose sharp machete 10
The sun., 1912-07-14

feet in depth. built on an elevation in
shaded position, and the bottom
slopes gradually downward toward one
end. where there are number of dis
charge holes.
These are so arranged that the liquid
In the vat can be drawn Off at will.
Into the first tank sufficient fresh
water Is admitted to cover the plants,
which are spread out evenly to within
foot OF the top Of the tank. They are
next pressed down by heavily weighted
panks, and left to steep for twelve or
fourteen hours.
In few hours the water, which COW
ers plapks and all, is observed to be-
come suddenly thickcned or muddy and
pale green bubbles appear on its sur
face. Shortly afterward these burst and
the fermcntcd leaves lose most OF their
color.
Tho plankS are removed nnd the mass
is violently stirred with long poles, When
the scdirlcnt has scttlci ngaln at the
bottom Of the first tank the liquid Is run
off through the DISCHARGE holes into the
tatldor, Il smallc,' tank irn'nndintciv be-
low the holes OF the ii 1t ,aak and of
the same pattern,
In the batdor the thick and muc!-
laginous liquid ~ agitatcd for lwo or
The sun., 1912-07-14

| three hours without cessation. This
arrests all further fermentation. which
at this stage would spoil the dye
At the same time this stirring. by
continually bringing the liquid into con-
tact with the oxygen Of the air. causes
certain chemical changes, the result OK
which IL oxide of indigo Undigo'in),
which appears In blue particles. These.
settling as sediment and eventually So
lidirying, give that beautiful pigment
known as indigo blue Just before the
cessation of the stirring congulant OK
milk of lime Is added In order to ac-
cclcratc the precipitation.
The water in the second tank Is then
drawn off. but not before all the scdi-
ment has properly settled. The visco,N
mass remaining il put into iron pans
and boiled over n slow fire. Repeated
straining through sacklng concludes
the process. and when thus rid of all
the moisture the thick marine hlns
paste that results is put into sha low
trays ard thoroughly dried by means
oi oven aad prolonged pressure.
Tho concrete cakes uf lndisu WN'"
remoNCd rom tho trays an IN mo
cubes of the usual size and sent 10
market packed In sacks ot rawhide.
The sun., 1912-07-14

NOR" li,tl" girls. occupying front scat IS
or sta.adiny aboI; the tee her. gave ear
nest attention to hcr Hid. aged II,
who had been on. Of the mos; persistent
inquirers for tn" teacher. explained her
interest by snyinc that her father vas
almost blind and her mo,hcr hni to work
IN q shop all day. so she had to keep house
and she vented to lccrn how to cook
These talks on cooking ere 10 TO given
regularly every "Wednesday ;f,ernocn
on the recreation ,ier 1T Fast Twenty
fourth street and will be followed hv y
demonstration lesson rIst,.iis IN VIII; D.
wGs formerly the waiting room of tho old
Pennsylvania pier. no." Z r"crc.':o . !
iier also. ~ the foot of West twenty
third street.
Tie work has lcen carried on for sore
years by Miss Minifred hibbs. the dot
titan of the society. This ycar her ESQ.,
ciate. Miss Edith Mitchell. is in charge
The sun., 1912-07-14

tendance and attention were encouraG-
ing. Shortly after o'clock the dietician.
a domestic science teacher and two or
three other women interested in the
lectures arrived at the West Twenty
third street pier. Here a demonstration
Of the proper cooking of a cereal took
place.
Hints were given "a to how to buy
such commodities and then the process
Of Transforming a cereal into a dessert
was illustrated by putting in few dates
Another dessert made of oatmeal cooled
and nodded in a bowl lined with bananas
cut in halves lengthwise was also ex-
hibtcd.
The audience here consisted Of number
Of mothers who showed an appreciative
interest by their questions. Here too
was generous srrinkling Of small girls
in the front seats as near as possible to
the table with its oil stoves.
The sun., 1912-07-14

hy Il fair haired man apparently Of Ger
man extraction. Then printed slips were
distributed. ono explaining the work
performed by proper food. another Civ
ing directions for cooking cereals as they
should bc cooked, with information as to
how they may be transformed into
too'hsome desserts
The slips were received quietly by
the mothers and enthusiastically by
the little folks who crowded about the
teacher with raised hands begging for
some to take home to parents unable to
come. 1t was rather surprising that the
Italian slips were almost universally
disdained. while the English leaflets
were demanded by all even down to the
curly headed little Italian who probably
had not the slightest idea what was on
those two little papers he was cherishing
The meeting was then adjourned. For
the first talk OF the season. both at
The sun., 1912-07-14

The talks and dc,nons,ra'ions are TO h"
given during july aai August and will
b" followed by visits :, tn" homes Of
pupils. where prao:i r .,il "ri iHs.ruc-
tion will be given wnuE desired. Tho
aim l., to give is tnuc,i ht.l .ltyl -.Sis.cncc
Us posshl" without ra!'o"i-.1r those
Cided. This system of Visits IL u pr /
of the regular winter woyl. cf tho asso-
cation.
Wednesday being tn" opening dav.
Miss Mi'ch.ii's first lc .turr was devoted
chiefly to outlining the coursc arranged
for the summer. The talks will deal
first cf all with the purchase of food sup
plies and viii aim to supply information
in regard to economy in buying. Methods
of preparing food and suggestions as to
wha' to buy during the hot weather will
follow. The GOSPEL of cleanliness is to be
preached vigorously.
The general principles of cooking
The sun., 1912-07-14

A THO Of little lads waited patiently
for some time In the hope that that dos
sert with the dates in 1t would be passed
around. However. the water was so
slow in boiling and the teacher talked so
earnestly about the length Of time needed
to cook cereal properly that discourage
ment set in and the boys trotted away
across the room. where they found it much
more exciting to hang half way out Of
the window and watch the ferryboats
in the river.
When the subject OF breakfast foods
had received due attention one of the
mothers broached the topic which proved
to be Of paramount interest to all.
Are you going to have that fireless
cooker the paper talked aboutf" asked
a woman who said that she came away
down from Fast Eighty-eighth street and
did want to see one Of those things and
know how it worked.
The sun., 1912-07-14
r WAS one of the hottest days Of

r + WAS one of the hottest davs of the
summer when the cooking school
of the New York Association for
Improving th" Condition of tn"
Po'r crened les, Wednesday. |, was
announced hv NOTICES ICSt.d on ne reCr.-
alton rier e. the foo, of Fas, Twenty
fourth street sa"ing taat th'r" would b.
a talk on coohin, tn.rc ~ half ,;.st
O'Clock.
There was a good broe2e At tho end of
the pier and many Tcople were enjoying
II. Children big aDd !ittl" romped a"out
while mothers sa; busiiy enga yed ~
various sorts of handcraft Some tine
before tn" appc intsd hour one eft
another began To demand Of the guard
when the cooking teacher was coming
and where shc5"es to sn"ak.
In due time she arriycd and the mothers
assembled near the hand stand. Even
q few mon appeared. while dozen or
Arizona republican., 1912-08-19

however touched bottom 2.O0O and more feet down.
 The waters of the lake were lifeless until a few years ago when the gov ernment decided that letting so large a body of water lie idle was poor pol icy and stocked it with rainbow trout. Now anglers who undertake the haz- ardous climb down the side of the era ter and cast their flies into the waters of Crater lake enjoy good sport. The color of the lake Is deep blue, except ing along the borders, where it merges into various shades and tints of green. It is so transparent that even on a hay day white dinner plate ten inches in diameter may be seen at depth of a hundred feet.
 Some idea of the transparency of the water may be gained from the accom- panying picture, which shows the phantom ship" a craggy little islet which lies near the border of the lake. The government description of the ship" reads:
 Its rugged huh. with rocks towering like the masts of a ship, suggests the name, and. phantom like. it disappears when viewed in certain lights from the western rim of the lake. It attracts every one by it's beauty and winsome- ness"
 The phantom ship" Is only one of numerous sights which well repay the traveller who takes the long wagon ride from the nearest railroad station to the park The government is projecting roads which will make the trip easier. but just now Crater lake is not, it must be confessed, one of the most accessi- ble of natural American wonders. But that does not detract from the reward which greets the sightseer after he has made the trip. He cannot say that he has seen all of Americas noteworthy sights until he has made the journey to the park.
 He cannot fail to be impressed by Wizard island, a symmetrical, cone shaped, heavily wooded mass of rock rising from the clear surface of the lake and reflected in the waters below. It may be that Wizard island is the summit of Mount MaZama, which sank when the mountain blew up to form the bed of Crater lake and which now projects above the surface of the wa ter, which gradually filled the old crater.
 One of the features which one notes almost immediately is the absence of any beach. The rocks tower perpen- dicularly from the surface of the wa ter, and descent and ascent are i'm possible save at few points around the rim of the lake. Shore cliff, for example. towers up like skyscraper. and the tourist looking up at 1t from boat obtains about the same "crick" in the back of his neck as he does when he stands in Broadway and looks up at a fifty story building
 boat trip around the rim of Crater lake diseloses 8 host of beauties-Sen- tinel rock. Eagle cove. the Devils backbone. Palisade point and others with interesting and suggestive names.
 ARTHUR J. BRINTON.
Arizona republican., 1912-08-19

w the. the worlds ssa rs,,,hm important ef 96t international congress on hygiene in Washington from Sept. 16 to Oct g., should be considered an event of the highest importance. This will be no mere dry dust convention. with ln- terrninable papers on abStruse sub- jects, technical and uninteresting. but a live. up to date gathering of the field marshals. the generals, the colonels and the majors of the great army of scientists throughout the world which is waging war on disease. These men will talk of things that come home to all of us.
 We are all interested, or we should be. in the steps being taken to fight typhoid fever. malaria. tuberculosis and infantile paralysis, to which we or our children are subject Why should we not read and study what ex- perts say about preventing and curing these and a hundred other ills to which our flesh is heir?
 AS previous congresses have brought out antitoxins or other eficac1ous treatments for rabies, diphtheria and other diseases with high death rates, this congress will, it is believed. bring to light two important discoveries, certain cure for the hookworm disease, which afflicts so large portion of the earth's surface and people. and some means of identifying the infantile pa ralysis germ, which has heretofore eluded the worlds best investigators. Indeed, a large part of the time of the famous doctors who will attend the congress will be devoted to discussion of pediatrics which means that branch of medical science which treats of the diseases and hygiene of children.
 Probably the subject that will claim the largest share of the scientists at tention will be the hookworm, or lazy disease. In the discussion of this widespread plague, which affects ter ritory in which dwells more than half of the worlds population, an American doctor, discoverer of the hookworm, will have the largest share. He is Charles w. Stiles, the famous bacteri- ologist. in charge of the hookworm ex- hjbit for the congress.
 In the exhibit, according to a recent report, are to be graphic charts show ing statistics which indicate that hook worm infection belts the earth in a zone about 66 degrees wide, extending from parallel 36 north to parallel 30 south, and that virtually all countries lying between those lines are infected with the germ It is this minute or ganism which gets into the system of it's victim and robs him of energy. fn- clination and ability to work Tn at least forty-six countries the infection is general and widespread. These countries have an area of 14,464.15S square miles. with over 100000. 900 in habitantS.
 h eleven of the United States, with
Arizona republican., 1912-08-19

come to England from Putumayo. He calculates that the price of that total is 30000 Indians killed by starvation. beheading, bullet and burning. accom- panied by every variety of atrocious
 torture. Taking 40 pounds as the average weight of an Indian, close upon 1000 tons of Indians were slaughtered
 to gain 4,000 tons of rubber. I leave it to the holders of shares in rubber companies to work out how much per
 pound this comes to for human flesh at the current price of rubber" says a letter to an English newspaper.
 America Uses Most Rubber.
 America and the United States and Canada are far in the lead as regards the yearly consumption of rubber, with
 42,000 tons. or almost as much as the
 rest of the world combined. England, for example, takes only 12.000 tons, and Germany and Austria together 14000 tons. Of the SS000 tons 14.200 are plantation" rubber-that is, rubber
 from trees that have been planted
 Even if the natives of the South American rubber districts were gov-
Arizona republican., 1912-08-19

concessionaires and their hirelings. These latter. are, for the most part, South Americans of Spanish or mixed Spanish and Indian descent. But the company accused of the worst offenses it is now in liquidation-is a British company, with British directors. There in is to be found the explanation of the British activity in the matter.
 Thousands of Natives Maltreated.
 The torturers and murderers of na- tives have hired natives of Barbadoes, in the British West Indies. to assist them in their horrid work. In some cases the British negroes have been victims as well as slave drivers and murderers. The British government got wind of the matter and sent Case ment to investigate It is his report recently made, that has stirred the matter up anew.
 Without discrimination thousands of
Arizona republican., 1912-08-19

men, women and children have been beaten, maimed and mutilated. Their limbs have been hacked off, they have been drowned, poisoned. beaten to death, imprisoned in chains, starved. No native woman has been safe from the brutality of the rubber gatherers. The natives have been enslaved and no recompense has been given to them for their labors in the swampy, fever haunted, reptile infested jungles. All this has been possible because the na- tives of those regions are simple. do- cile, lazy folk, subject to the levers and the sleeping sickness, which rob them of the energy either to work hard enough for their masters or to fight against murder and torture.
 In his report Sir Roger Easement, a man of experience in the Kongo and elsewhere, states that in the past twelve years 1000 tons of rubber have
Arizona republican., 1912-08-19
Becoming" Crater Lake National Dark

them have been issued thus far-one on the Yellowstone National park, one on geysers and one on Crater Lake National park. The interior depart ment, which has charge of these mat ters asks 10 cents apiece for these il- lustrated pamphlets. Uncle Sam would give them away free, but his hard hearted, unfeeling secretary of the in terior says it costs money to get up these illustrated booklets. and so he must charge for them.
 Seriously speaking, the government does well to advertise Crater Lake
Arizona republican., 1912-08-19

chanted by the play of color and the transparent beauty of the water. Sew en thousand feet high lies the lake. in the rarefied atmosphere that lends charm to all 1t touches. The glow of color in the wall surrounding the lake and in the water itself is enchanting and indescribable. It equals or sur passes the variegated strata which form so large a part of the charm of the Grand canyon.
 Crater lake is. in a way, freak of nature It is the crater of an extinct volcano. lying in the southeastern cor
Arizona republican., 1912-08-19

ernment having undertaken to bring to justice the guilty persons, MT. Fuller is charged with the duty of seeing that it's promise is redeemed and that the awful conditions in the rubber country are ended It is said, however. that the Peruvian governments investigator will not be able to report before Janu- ary.
 Peruvians of high standing, including Senor Pezet minister to the United States, assert that the stories of rub Der horrors are old and that the gov ernment of the South American coun- try has remedied most of the condi- tions of which complaint has been made But the foreign investigators, at the head of whom stands Sir Roger Easement, British consul general at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, deny this and declare that no really serious efforts are being made to prosecute the per
Arizona republican., 1912-08-19
sons responsible for the atrocities fl the Putumayo region.

sons responsible for the atrocities in the Putumayo region.
 Political Corruption Charged.
 Sir Roger reported to his government few months ago that the officials charged with the judicial investigation of the matter, although in possession of conclusive and sufficient evidence against well known rubber gatherers. have been forced to drop action by corrupt local influence and the entire case threatens to terminate to the great discredit of Peru with perfume tory punishment of a few underlings detained at Iquitos, while those respon- sible for the iniquitOus system are seen daily on the streets and remain unpunished.
 Nothing else that the world has ever heard exceeds in horror the tales of torture and murder perpetrated on the South American natives by the rubber
Arizona republican., 1912-08-19

tain pen, a telephone receiver
 anything, in fact, that is made ~ of rubber. Examine it close ly. Is it an innocent article of every day use, or is 1t stained and soaked with human blood? Not your own or that of any member of your family, but the blood of some poor native of South America or the Kongo. wantonly spilled in the business of supplying to the world its indispensable rubber.
 Again civilization reads with horror well authenticated stories of rubber gatherers maimed and murdered, tor tured and torn. by those who exploit their labor. Not this time in the Kon- go. the African hinterland of hideous notoriety a few years ago. This time the call of the bloodshed for the sake of rubber comes from the South American backwoods, from the unex- plored regions which are so wild that even in recent atlases they are mark ed with no towns or villages or rivers, but simply as wide spaces lettered vast forests" That is all that is known to the geographers of the head waters of the Amazon, in Peru and Brazil and Bolivia, South America Only the rubber gatherer and his em- ployer know those dark countries. But light is beginning to filter in from the torch of civilization as the nations led by the United States, investigate the terrible tales of slaughter and torture. American Government Investigating
 The American government has sent to the scene, or as close to the scene as he can penetrate Stuart J. Fuller, a special agent Recent dispatches an nounced his arrival at Iquitos, the head of deep water navigation on the Anna zon. and his purpose to establish a base there and proceed up the river to the Putumayo valley. where. it is al- legged, the atrocities have taken place MT. Fuller is not expected to make an original investigation, for the state de- partment in Washington has accepted the British report as quite sufficient to establish the facts. The Peruvian gov
Arizona republican., 1912-08-19

a population in excess of 2O,OO0,O 900, the hookworm eats its insidious way into the economic and hygienic welfare of the population. Of the total popula- ton of the world; which is estimated at 1.60O, ,000. 900. about 940,00O,O0o live in countries in which the hookworm in lection is prevalent. The economic eff feet Of the disease will be illustrated
Arizona republican., 1912-08-19

by charts showing that in many fn- stances 50 per cent of the efficiency of the working man or woman is lost be- cause hookworm victims, poor in blood, cannot do the work of physically sound workers. The loss to the world from this source runs each year into the hundreds of millions.
 WALTER K. HARRISON.
Arizona republican., 1912-08-19

park. It is one of the natural wonders of the world. It conveys to the mind of the beholder the same sense of awe inspiring grandeur aroused by the beauty and glory of Niagara the mar vel of the Grand canyon, the majesty of the gigantic redwoods. One stands on the rim of the thousand foot wall of the lake, gazing at the twenty mile circumference of the water and Is en-
Arizona republican., 1912-08-19

you need is the price of railroad trav- cling and your board. Above all things, don't miss the sight of Crater Lake National park. It's worth a visit. If you have to forego a trip to Europe to see it."
 That's the way the old man talks in . series of pamphlets which he is issu- ing. They deal with the scenic won ders of the United States. Three of