davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1912-11-14
Vermont Fire Insurance Agents Decide
TO Work for Law.

Waterbury. Nov 1.-THE annual bust
ness meeting and banquet OF the Yer
mont Association of Local Fire lnsur-
ance Agents were held here last evening
al the Waterbury inn. The following
officers were elected: President. Henry
II. Hickok of Burlington; vice-president,
+. A. Plastridge of Mortified; second
vice-president. Guy z. Wilson Of Bethel;
secretary, George +. Root OF Newport; !;
treasurer. Warner Clarke of Rutland; ;
executive committee. George + Root OF
Newport, A. d. North of st. .Iohnsbury,
r. ID. Thompson OF Barton. W. W. Rus
sell Of Hartford and F. L. Brigham Of
Bradford. There were so present at the
banquet
Retiring President z. r. Leonard Of
Bellows Fails was the toastmaster. and
the principal speaker was Robert '.
Merrill. the New Hampshire state in
surance commissioner. He spoke ON
..The Local Agent and the Special Agent.
IT. II. Hickok ~ Burlington and {. {.
Graves Of this place also spoke. and
Others.
At the business meeting. IL was deter
mined TO make = fight for q state CON-
and committee was elected
to draft a bin 10 present before the
present legislature.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1912-11-14
WOULD ARREST AUTOISTS
WITHOUT A WARRANT
In Advocating His Bill, Representative
Hapgood Referred to Recent Fatal
Accident in Barre and He FL
nally Agreed to Recon-
mitment of Measure.

The feature Of the afternoon proceed
ings in the House Yesterday was an
impassioned appeal by Mr. Hapgood oI
Peru in support of House bill 1877, re-
lating TO placing reckless automobile op.
orators under arrest without waiting for
a warrant. The bill provides that Sc
lectmen may appoint one or more per-
sons to have police authority to stop
speeding automobilists. Mr.. Hapgood
called the members attention to the re-
cent accident in Barre, where a small
girl was killed by an automobile. He
prefaced his remarks by reading the fol-
lowing telegram, which he sent this
morning to Mrs. Milne, mother of the
chih:
please accept deepesr symathy. Per-
haps your little one has not died in vain.
During funeral service the House of
consider measure TO pre-
vent recurrence"
Mr.. Hapgood asked the members TO
bear ia mind that while he talked the
funeral service for the little girl was
fCOnfinued on third nave
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1912-11-14
MRS. ANDREW REID.
YOUNG WOMAN RELEASED.
Miss Gladys Myers Not Held for Killing
Her Mother.

Philadelphia. Nov. IA. Prosecutor
Crossley Of Mercer county, ~ j., ant
District Attorney Boyer OF Bucks coun
ty, late yesterday joined in advising the
Trenton police to release Miss Glady:
Myers, who was detained after she had
shot her mother Mrs. j. Rappe Myers
! in Pennsylvania railroad train yester.
day morning, mistaking her for a bur
glar.
The young woman was at once al
lowed to 90 without any charges having
been made against her, the police Off
eials and the two prosecuting officers
being satisfied as to the correctness OF
the story told by Miss Myers.
The officials were influenced in their
decision partly by the statement of DIR.
Il. b. Costill bf this city, to whom the
mother, just before she died, conveyed
the information that the shooting was
purely accidental. Miss Myers lett last
night for Philadelphia where she has
friends. Mrs. Myers body viii remain
at tire hospital until arrangements are
made for the funeral.
Prosecutor Crossley announced that no
eoroner's inquests would be held.
The young woman made the following
statements
Last night at 5:4S o'clock my mother
and | took train from Salem, Va, en-
gaging a lower berth. | was awakened
by my mother who informed me that she
was going to the washroom and while
she was absent | dozed off asleep.
was suddenly awakened from my sleep
by seeing the curtains parted and some
one crawling into the berth. always
sleep with revolver under my pillow
and knowing that the porter had seen
my jewelry, | pulled the revolver from
under the pillow and fired and was hor-
rifed to hear my mother scream and
see her stagger into the smoker where |
found her.
II shouted for some one TO get doc
tor and some whiskey. A gentleman
came forward, who | afterward learned
was William X. Cuthbert of Lynchburg,
Va, and offered his services.
My mother and / were always on
good terms, and ! considered her my
best friend. We We're ON our way to
New York to do some shopping in am
ticipation of my brothers wedding on !
Christmas eve, and my own in June to
Mr.. Dillard."
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1912-11-14
Turks Ask BuIgarians for an
Amistice Pending Negotiations
OFFICIALLY ANNOUNCED
Although News Filters Through Slowly,
1t Seems Certain There Has Been
Heavy Fighting-Bulgaria Atroc-
tiles Are Hinted At.

London. Nov. l4.-0fficial confirmation
that Nasm Pasha had addressed King
ferdinand of Bulgaria directly, asking
for the conclusion of an armistice pend.
ing negotiations for peace preliminaries,
was received here from Constantinople
this morning.
London, Nov. 1.-THE Porte, on the
advice of Russia, has instructed Nazim
Pasha, the Turkish eommander-in-ch chief,
to apply to the Bulgarian commander
|. for an eight days armistice with view
to opening direct negotiations for peace,
This decision seems to show that Tur-
key has little hope of being able to hold
the Tchatalja lines against the Buga-
rian advance. There is no news yet as
to how the Bulgarian commander met
the Turkish request, however
The situation at the front, owing to
the paucity of the news allowed to filter
through from either side, is very con-
fusing. Clearly there has been heavy
fighting, as on November IL Constanti-
nople reported that numerous wounded
We're arriving from the front and the
almost invariabe accurate Vienna,
Reichspost correspondent has reported
the capture of positions by the Bulga
rians in the neighborhood of the Tchat
ALA lines. The same correspondent now
says that the main attack on Tchatalia
has been delayed two days by rain.
The powers at last have arrived at
some kind of an agreement with respect
to mediation. 1t is assumed however, |
that now the Porte has opened negotia- |
tions with Bulgaria, European interven-
tion will not be needed
The diplomatic situation is easier, but |
the French premier, NJ. Poineare, in an
important speech delivered at Paris to-
night did not speak too hopefully, and /
proof that all danger is not past is seen
in the ominous reports from Austria and
Russia OF unusual troop movements and
mobilization in Russia's western prov
inces
M Poincare declared it to be essential |
that Europe should advance no preteu- l
Gons on the fruits Of the allies victories.
and he expressed the fervent belief that
il would be impossible that the Balkan
difficulties could lead to war, the most
frightful that ever laid Europe low
The report that the Servians have
reached Durazzo is not confirmed. and no
news has been received from other points
Serious internal difficulties are developing
in Constantinople, and the government
has taken strong action in arresting
the young Turk leaders.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1912-11-14
Stories of Bulgarian Atrocities.

Berlin, Germany, Nov. Ia. Insinua.
tions that the Bulgarians have been gull
ty OF atrocities against the Turks and
that the present war is more butchery
than warfare are made by the war cor
respondent of the Vossiche Zeitung. The
correspondent says he is reliably in
formed that the Bulgarian troops mu-
tilated the bodies of the Turkish dead
after the battle of Kirk -Killissen and
carried heads of the Turks about on the
points OF their bayonets. Barbarism is
fighting barbarism, he said and hate is
fighting century-old oppression.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1912-11-14
HOT TIME AT COUNCIL MEETING
Montpelier Short of Funds, Mayor and
Aldermen in Heated Discussion.

The Montpelier city council had rathe
an exciting time at its meeting las
evening, which lasted until ll:45, wheI
| it developed that Street Superintendent
Roberts was employing Ia men at til,
present time, an excess OF two over Oh,
number authorized by the council. May
or Estee stated that il was at his be-
hest the extra men were hired and
also at his expense. There We're words
to the effect that some people We're try.
ing to rule the city, to which Mayor
Estee replied that he had authorized nO
expenditures except those voted by The
council unless he expected TO pay for
them. He had ordered Superintendent
Roberts to put the sidewalks of the city
in a proper condition and should con
tinue to do as he saw fit. as he had in
the past. Alderman Howes intimated
that the council did not need eontribu-
tions from the mayor. Following the
heated discussion, the council gave Sup.
erntendent Roberts instructions not to
buy any more material of any kind
without vote of the council.
1t was voted not to accept certain
street on Sunnyside park. as il was not
council. J. p. Galleher, agent for the
Central Vermont railway. appeared for
Hood & Son Of Boston. asking permit
to build a milk station north of the
bridge below the Central Vermont sta
tion, to be 80 feet long. 90 feet wide at
the south and ten feet wide at the north
end. The permit was granted, proyid-
ing Hood & Son will bear the expense
Of widening the highway for about $50
feet, as the building would be too near
the road, which is narrow at that point,
unless it is widened.
Bills ordered paid included: Water de.
$2g4.S5; streets, walks and
sewers. II ,07s.73. The street depart
nent has balance of $500 left in its
'und and the $500 health department
'und will probably be overdrawn $3.50
,efore the end of the year. Mayor Es-
ee advised economy and motion to in
tall fire alarm box was tabled as it
lid not seem best to incur the expense
his year. For the same reason, prop.
sition to buy door stops for the doors
4 the city hail. at 81 .6S each for cash, |
or 81 doors, was tabled; and the in |
falling Of drinking fountain for the |
ity hall corridor was also tabled for |
ick of funds. George Kent asked for
he laying of wide walk in front OF his
ouse and agreed to pay half the cost,
ut because Of the money shortage the |
latter was tabled.
Fire Chief Pattee reported that for
he last nine months the fire department
as cost Sl3,303.0l Mayor Estee crit
Used the payment of $50 to B. II. Hay
ard for measuring new walks. on the
round that the measuring might have
cen done by the city employees at no
Stra cost.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1912-11-14
II PERSONS LOST
IN STEAMER SINKING
Accident to Vessel on the Madawaska
River in 0ntario-Three Survivors
So Far as Known.

Ottawa. Ont, Nov. l4--Eleyen per-
sons probably perished when the steam
er Mavflower sank in the Madawas:sa
river, three miles from Barry's bay in
county Renfrew. Dispatches from Bar
RVS Bay said that little or no hope
was entertained that any more survivors
would be found alive. The three men
saved so far can tell little about the
accident. The steamer sank Tuesday
night.
The bodies of Erin Partchier, captain
of the Mayhower and Patrick 0'Brien,
hotel proprietor OF Cumbermere, Ont,
were washed ashore yesterday, The mis-
sing persons, all believed to be drowned,
were G. r. Boutwell, of Ottawa, j. G.
Hudson, the Mayfower's owner, and
William Boehm Of Cumbermere, Mrs.
MeWhirter of Fort Stewart, William W.
Murphy of Rockingham, L. Delaney of
Barrys bay and Robert Pachel Of
Yorkton, Sask. Three commercial tras-
elers, NJ. J. Harper. Gordon G. Poverty
and J. s. Imlack, all of Ottawa, were
saved.
They were found in an exhausted con-
dition on an island three miles down the
river during a snow storm last night by
a searching party, who also found lie
bodies of O'Brien and Captain Partchier.
The Mayfower sprang a leak after
leaving Barrv's bay, according to the
survivors, and filed rapidly. Wind and
waves keeled the boat over and it sank
quickly. before all the passengers had
time to don life preseryers. Harper,
Peverley and mlack swan to floating
spars and chung to them until cast upon
the beach OF the island when they were
found. They said floating ice in the
river probably prevented other passen-
gers from swimming.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1912-11-14
FUNERAL OF AUTO VICTIM.
Was Held Yesterday Afternoon--Many
Floral Tributes to Florence L. Milne.

Funeral services for Florence L. Milne.
the six.year-od daughter of Mrs. Nellie
Milne of III Washington street, who
met death in an automobile accident
Monday afternoon, were held at the house
yesterday afternoon at 2 o'clock. Rev.
H. w. Barnett, pastor of the Congrega
tional church, officiating. The. beafers
were as follows. Dean Corliss, Alex
ander Watt. NJ. S. Orlando. and George
Miller. The burial took place in Hope
cemetery
There were many floral tributes, in
cluding: Pillow, with Darling" from
mother, sisters and brother; wreath from
grandmother, aunts and uncles; cagna
tioHs from primary department OF the
congregational Sunday schools earna-
tions, Mrs G.. b. Castell;ri, Mr.. aud Mrs,
j C. Mortimer, Mrs. Christina Kessom
and family; Mr.. and Mrs. a. c. Simp-
son, Mr.. and Mrs Mason, Mr.. and Mrs.
W. b. Mckenzie. Mr.. and Mrs. John
Reynolds. Mrs. Morrow and Mrs Hay,
Alex. Watt. Mrs J. d. Smith, Miss
Fairbanks. Mrs. Alexander and Nellie
Mr.. and Mrs. ID. A. Corliss. Mrs. Nc
lavish, w II. Duthie, Mrs. George Ma
thieson, Mrs. William Cole. Mrs Brech-
lHi Nhs htltuSo. - = -'lAl"Sr 'oihse
Gould. Mrs. Booth; roses, Mr. and Mrs.
Peter Parks; carnations and roses Mr..
and Mrs Partridge, Mrs. A. Cicchini,
Justis Kctchum. Mr.. and Mrs. II. E. Da-
Wis. Merle Grafton, Mildred Peer. Dor.
othy Tenncy; asters, Mrs. c. Wheaton.
Mrs f. Gladding. Mrs. Bianchi. Robert
Gordon. Mrs. Mercer. Mrs. G. Smith. viii
liam Milne, MIR. Bjork, A. Curtis; stand
ing wreath from neighbors and friends,
Mr.. and Mrs. Adam
Craig; carnations, Mr.. and Mrs. Henry
Miles
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1912-11-14
FORMER LAWMAKERS MEET.
Seventy-eight Members of 1908 Vermont
Legislature Assembled.

Sixty-eight members of the legislature
f 1908 answered the roll call in Rep.
fesentatives' hall last evening. T. c.
fheney of Morristown presided at the
meeting, having been speaker of thu
House in 1908, and Speaker c. A. Plum
ey. who was clerk at that time, occu-
pied his old desk. Letters of regret
we're read from few members. and a
committee was elected to arrange for the
leVt biennial reunion. its members 3e-
ng Il w. Untiedt of Brookfield. g. C.
FLINT of Braintree, Thomas Ray of Bran
Ion, J. w. Miller OF Bethel. Frank b.
Brown OF Middlesex. and Senators Orvis
9f Manchester and Scott of Brandon.
The meeting adjourned in time for the
Banquet at the Pavilion at O'Clock. at
shieh Governor Fletcher presided as
loastmaster.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1912-11-14
BULL MOOSE TO GATHER.
Meeting of vermont's Progressive Party
at Rutland November y.

Rutland. Nov. 1.-THE Bull Moose
party in Vermont viii gather at the
Bardwell here Friday. November 22. and
listen 20 Governor Bass of New Hamp-
shire and Charles ;. Bird. Progressive
candidate for governor Of Massachusetts.
IL Is expected that all the Progressive
town and county organizations in the
state viii b. represented and that the
attendance viii number several hundred.
The state committee viii meet at
O'Clock in the afternoon. and the mem
bers of the committee will meet the
heads Of the various organizations az
$50 O'Clock. the sPeaking taking place
after supper.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1912-11-14
House LegisIates Against the
Bunny Family
ALLOWS FERRET HUNTING.
Bill Has to Go to Senate for Concurrence
House Pigeon-holed Bill Raising
Appropriation for Grade Cross
ing Adjustment.
state House. Nov. IA.

State House, Nov. IL.
The House started out strong this
morning by passing House bill 81, re.
rabbits. The title is apparently drawn
in All ambiguous way, for the intent and
purpose of the measure is to permit
the hunting of these animals with fer
rets Mr.. Eaton of Royalton spoke in
favor Of the bill as he believes that rab-
bits are becoming pest in his part of
the state.
Mr. Foster OF Cornwall introduced a
bill TO prohibit insuring for more than
fair value, nor for longer than five years.
The measure provides that companies be
not liable for anything beyond actual
value of property in time Of loss. Mr..
Rlumley OF Northield put in bin re-
lating to taking OF land and water by
railroad corporations, requiring the com
missioners to determine ms to the neces-
sity for an extent OF such taking.
In spite of Mr.. Eapgoods opposition
to House bill 2l3, relating to making
false statements to obtain property on
yoce vote.
tts w ben iioHst bfti 1fs, TO liTease Rfaue
appropriation from $4,000 to
$4,000 annually. came UP, Mr.. Wright
OF W'illiston, chairman of the committee
on railroads. spoke in support of the
Mr. Martin OF Bennington
moved that the bill be committed to the
on appropriations, as it is
not known at this time how much money
the state can devote to this work. Ii
was so voted.
In the Senate, Mr.. Laird introduced
bill to increase the salary Of the govern
,r to 5000 annually, with reasonable
expenses and allowing not over $1,000
'of the expense of the governors staff.
Mr. Chaffee of Rutland introduced a bill
elating to howage.
Killed Bill Amending Liquor Law.
The Senate killed Senate bill "A,
which was given a hearing last night, |
md which provided that license eoipmis-
uners be members OF the board of civil |
instead OF being appointed by |
he assistant Judges. II also killed its
'wn bills, relatings to care Of estates !
rior to probating Of wills and "relat-
ng to duties and salaries Of town
Jerks" The Senate passed its bill re- I
1ting to inspection of creameries. and it |
dopted in concurrence resolution re-
iting to tho committee visit to the
elders home.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1912-11-14
FORMER BARRE RESIDENT.
William Nicol Died Tuesday Night al
Westfeld, Mass.

| The death of William Nicol, a former
resident OF Barre. occurred in Westfield
Mass, Tuesday night after a long ILL
ness. The remains were brought to
Barre on the $50 express this morning
and the funeral was held at II. w. Hook
er & Co.'S chapel this afternoon at 2
o'clock, Rev. j. w. Barnett, officiating.
The burial took place in Hope cemetery.
Mr.. Nicol had been resident OF Barre
for fourteen years mp to five months ago.
when he sold his household goods and
prepared to go 20 Vancouver, II. c., be-
lieving that the change would benefit
his health. 1t was while making short
stay in Westfield that he abandoned his
plan of moving TO Vancouver.
Mr.. Nicol was about fifty years old.
He is survived by a wife, who accom-
panied the remains TO Barre He was a
stonecutter by occupation and during
the greater part OF his residence here he
was employed by J. p. Corskie Son.
He made his home at Is West Patterson
street. Mr.. Nicol was member of the
granite cutters union and also belonged
TO Masonic lodge.
The bearers at the funeral were as
George Pithie, William Cam
eron, Alderman David Dawson, James
Smart, Alexander Ironside and Mr. Rob
ertson. While the service was being
held, operations at the manufacturing
plant of J. p. Corskie & Son were sus-
pended and employees of the Corskie Co.
as well as Barclay Bros. attended the
and marched to the grave in
body.
Floral offerings which banked the cas-
<et came from a number of sources.
Among the tributes were pieces from
The employees of J. r. Corskie & Son.
Mr. and Mrs. r. j. Blann, sr.. and Mr.. !
md Mrs. T. J. Blann, ir.. J. p. Corskie !
Son, Mr.. and Mrs. J. f. Booth. Mrs. /
licol, Mrs Cameron, Mrs. J. F. MeDon-
III.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1912-11-14
Two Three-Masters Are Fast on
Fisher Island
OFF wEsree'~' !, =, ,'sss yvsy
Crews of Both the Vessels Which Were
Bound from Maine Ports, Were Res
cued with Difficulty in Life
Saving Boats.

Westerly, r. J., Nov. l4.--Two three
masted schooners, the Maggie Ellen OF
Portland and the Estelle of Sag Harbor,
N. y, which were bound from ports
in Maine for New York with lumber,
went ashore ON Fisher island during fast
nights gale. The crews of both yes
sells were rescued with difficulty in life
saving boats.
The extent of the damage to the yes
sells is not known, but it is thought tnat
they might be hoated If the weather
moderates.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1912-11-14
BEAT WILLIE HOPPE.
Jap Billiard Expert Made a Remarkable
Showing.

New York, Nov. l4.-Kodji Yamada
the Japanese cue expert, proved his
worth as billiardist and his right to be
in the front rank, by defeating Willie
Hoppe, the worlds champion at 1872 balk
line, last night in the professional cham
pionship tournament by a score of 800 TO
497. Early in the game, by winning
Sc and 1873 in his second and fourth in
nings. Yamada showed some wonderful
billiards and demonstrated that he has
thorough knowlege of all the intrica-
eies of the game. Hoppe made two runs
of 100 and l02 in his third and tenth
innings and played strong game
throughout, but the Toxic player out
classed him.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1912-11-14
ACCUSE RUTLAND LAWYER
OF GIRL ABDUCTION
Walter ]. Lyon Arrested q Albany.
NJ Y, and Placed Under Bail
for Examination Novem-
ber 90

Albany, n. ", Nov. l4,Walter ].
Lyon, an attorney of Rutland VT, was
arrested here yesterday on charge of
abduction. 1t is alleged that Lyon went
TO New York with Miss Evelyn Will
son, aged H. formerly employed by him
as stenographer. Miss Wilson is ,ne
daughter of Fred Wilson of Merchants
row. Rutland. Lyon was arraigned be-
fore Judge Brady in police court, who
fixed the bail in the sum OF $500 and
adjourned the examination until No
vember 20 at p. IN.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1912-11-14
RUTLAND R. R. AUDITOR DEAD.
Martin II. chamberlin, a Commissioner
of Public Safety in Rutland.

Rutland Nov. l4.-Martin II. Cham
berlin, auditor of the Rutland railroad
and commissioner OF public safety in
this city. died Of pneumonia at his home
here this morning. aged 81. Mr.. Cham
berlin was = native Of Bath. y. H. and
married Miss Bessie L. IsraInerd OF st.
Aibans. He was travelling auditor OF
tile Central Vermont before coming TO
Rutland
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1912-11-14
WILSON SAILS WEDNESDAY
FOR A RETIRED PLACE
President-elect Declares He Will Lead
the Newspaper Boys Merry Chase
Before December 10.

Princeton, n. J., Nov. President
elect Wilson intends to sail from New
York Wednesday for some retired place,
where he will spend his vacation. He
said to-day that he expects to lead the
correspondents a merry chase
He expects to make long bicycle trips
and will ride horseback good deal.
President-elect Wilson expects to return
to Princeton, December 10.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1912-11-14

bore a part Of the blood and eyelashes
Of McAuley No oior Of burning Goth
was detected near the rOeming place uf
Turley. no blood was found upon any
of the clothing or implements owned
by Turley: none Of Turkeys clothing
or implements disappeared. no new
clothing of any kind was worn by Tur-
lev the next day. The murder of 1ic-
Auley. according 70 all Of the witnesses.
both for the state as wei a. the re-
sp0ndcni. was committed before Turley
left the Staples house on the night IN
question
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1912-11-14
TWO MIDSHIPMEN EXPELLED
For Violating Regulation Against Drink
ing-Two Others Suspended.

Washington. d. C.. Nov. l6-For vio-
nting the regulation against drinking.
wo members Of the first class Of the
United States military academy. Wal
ace w. Crawford OF California and
rank NJ BOroks Of Minnesota. have
,een dismissed and Robert W. Crawford
4 New York and Philip l. Thurber Of
Illinois. also first class men, have been
nspended without allowance or pay un-
IL August y, 1918.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1912-11-14
vermOnt's Official Count.

The official count of the vote for presi-
Dental electors. as tabulated in the Office
OF the secretary Of state. shows the FOL-
lowing: Republican. 1884; Democrat
ic, i5354: Prohibition, l.l55: Progress
sive. 22073; Socialist, 92s; Taft's plu-
raiity, 1851.