davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23
Newport Has Model Husband

The Newport correspondent of the
Bangor Daily News says: Newport
boasts q model husband. He has been
married four years and has never yet
been five-minutes late when returning
home from his daily labors. A man
who is constituted thusly should be
stood in the hall as grandfather
n1nolr
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23
Tho Nerve of John Bull.

3 sNowsthat the Panama canal is near
Iy finished. entirely at Uncle Sans
expense, John Bull would like TO know
if we expect to operate the bally thing
without allowing his ships the same
advantages permitted American ship
ping. The bluff is nervy one. but he
is up against an opponent who has
learned the game by experience AMI
who will not hesitate to call for a
wdown.--Biddeford Journal.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23
The Suns Garden.

A garden in a wilderness-you can
have one easy enough just by turning
your back on the cucumber and string
beams for when you look again the
weeds will have swallowed them like
a ravenous young forest.-Lewiston
Sun. Z
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23
Embarrassed Col. Harvey.

George Harvey from Vermont and o.
Harper's Weekly has the proud salts
faction of having made possible the
nomination of President through his
support proved embarrassing to his
andidate.-Montpelier Argus.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23
Revised Version.

q suppose that when you left the
convention you exclaimed, came, |
saw | conquered" Not exactly" re-
piled the delegate who changed his
mind. THAT is what | was going to
say, but l modified it to I came, l was
seen. concurred.' Washington Star.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23
Comma to EN-.

About the most surprised people on
this mundane sphere next November
will be those now sanguine Democrats
who expect to catch the good, old Re
publican party mapping. Manchester
Union
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23
Voices Of the Press
No Recount Asked.

II appears that Governor Foss was
mistaken when he predicted that he
would certainly be nominated at Baiu-
more. So far as learned he has not
demanded recount-F'all River Her
aid.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23
Coming Events

Jury ~ W. SA NoSiAh5soh o"'NAt~f
Jonesboro.
July 25-Cumberland and oxford Union.
Hiram.
July 25-AnnuaI Meeting Maine Sea
Coast Missionary Society, at Kenarden
Lodge, Bar Harbor.
July 24-25-State Young Peoples Chris
tian Union Convention at Ferry Beach.
July B-Aug. 2-The Young Peoples
missionary Conference, Ocean Park.
July 3o,Aug;, 1-Eonrteenth Good WIN
Aug. 1-1l-Empire Grove Camp-meeting.
Aug salisbury Family Reunion. Otis.
Aqg bsMane Christian ron Endeayor
Summer School, Charleston.
Aug. Ga ork Pomona Field Day, No.
Aug. 6-oxford Pomona, Waterford.
Aug. IL Somerset Pomona, Harmony.
Aug. 7-Androscoggin Pomona, Greene
Aug. S-York Pomona Field Day, No.
Aug 9-1S-AHen campmeeting at
Aug, o-Androscoggln Pomona Field
Aug. i0-1s-Temple Heights Spiritualist
Campmeeting, at Sorlnport
Aug. 11-Vassalboro Grove Meeting,
Aug 14-No. Waldo Pomona Field Day.
Windemere Park, Unity.
Aug. 14-Reunion 10th Maine Regt, Au-
Aug. 14-Reunion of the 3rd Me. Regt.
Aug. 14-Monmouth Academy Reunion.
Aug l4-kennebec Pomona, Wayne.
Aug. l5-Cumberland Pomona, Pownal.
Aug. l5-East flseataquls' MeuIoru
Ctr :. -. ,, ~ Co.,
Aug. i5;-9ork foinoI,s, 70 , 9aH9 no.,
Montville. - -
citation Field Day. old d,, Orchard E5a,a nav
Island Park .o,a.,.
aug. I--So y. Sgi,ooi Associi as.an,ist
Aug: washington Aosei'is'
Campmeeung;
Aug; 2o-g21Bar Harbor Horse snow
Roblnhood Fark. ,,,.,,a p,,,,o,t4
Aug. 2l-p Union Foma41na' fiyinoueh d.,a ma
Park. -
aug. z-Afcner aiiiiiS ieuiiioii' Am
herst; >, i. Maine Heavy Ar,,,,erv
Reunion. Fexcroft.
Aug 2S- Sept LEAST Livermore Camp
meeting %
Aug. 2S-Reunion of the 18th Me. Regt.
Assn at Bath.
son. s "A sas2 sses. gsss
Aug 27--B Kenebec Pomona, South
Aug. a-Hancock Pomona. North
BrooksviIles ~
Aug. 29-Reunion 5th Maine Battery
Aug. si-Gray Reunion, Oak Grove. w.
Sept. 3-5rMaine State Christian En-
Sept 5SMaine State Detective Associa-
ton, at Lewiston.
Sept 2.isIThe 18th Maine Regimentn
eo sept is-1'-S''a'e 1oaio u iia Dan
co Seps 8,1'- Snbnen state W. y l. u
co nepe; Auburn. 0 '"
Free rect street i1sa's Church Rs Portland.
sioners for. Foreign Missions, Portland.
vs 0et is 81 Iswiston 9u and Auburn'
H. ,1r,ia1a
a9 oct o. 5a-25-M Maine Teachers' Associa-
tion' forti Mi, Eat, n.,..
Aug. e2-Machias Fair.
Aug. 2o-22-Cornisn Fair.
Aug. 2o-22oWaldo County ., Fair, Belfast sn
ciety. - :. ,.a..a,n co,n.v p.,,
Livermore Falls. ., NJ. p..
Aug. @-sl-somerset Central FAR
Skowhegan. r.,. raw,stor
Sept. 2-S-State Fair. Le"iston.
sept. 5-1 lIac az n Agr,cp,tura, CO.
ciety. BluehilL nj A..
Sept. 3rrNorthe a,n Maine FAR Assoc
sept. s-5-East Somerset Fair. Hart
land. go o.,or, co,,tv Fair 60
Paris.
te sSii
w se9t, l1-ls-sOu'n AehneDe0 a' ~
M sept i'-is" a'uo anu ~
sept. ~ uiz-1>ol'n
SPINS ne Sii9 -Ede, Fair Eden.
S Sept d7-ia-Cumheriand County Fair,
Sept i7-1g-West Washington Fair.
SH Sant 1s. rIiphland Grange Fair, No
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23
Threatened by HadIey.

Wouldn't 1t be the irony of fate If.
now that Champ Clark has Kept out of
New Jersey through Difference to Gov
ernor Wilson, out of Ohio through def
erence to Governor Harmon. out of AL
ALBANIA through Difference to Congress-
man Underwood, and out of one or two
other states through Difference to sun
dry and divers favorite Democratic
sons-wouldn't it be the irony of fate,
we say, II Governor Hadley were to
come in at last and take Missouri
away from Champ, = Manchester
Union.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23
Marathon's Improvement.

1T was a great Marathon" says a
contemporary. Yes. One man was kill
ed A greater will doubtless be when
two men or more die in this straining
form of competition.-Bro Enter
prise.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23

One of the most serious charges
brought against the Seattle judge Is
that of snoring on the bench. There
are times, in the progress of trial.
when judges can be forgiven for nap
ping-but snoring. If this could be
proved and the judge not impeached
the demand for the judicial recall
would swell to thunder tones.-St.
Louis Globe Democrat.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23

Buy It now Chamberlain's Collie,
Cholera and Diarrhoea Remedy Is almost
certain to be needed before the summer
is over. Buy Ii now aud be prepared for
such an emergency. For sale by all
deaiera HH#T
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23
Agricultural Help

A department complied from the best
of our exchanges and farming reports
for our rural subscribers
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23

For County Commissioner.
HENRY f. CUMMINGS, Manchester
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23

For Register of Probate.
RALPH w. LEIGHTON, Mt. Vernon
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23

For Judge of Probate.
HAROLD Il. COOK, Gardiner.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23
AUGUSTA LODGE DIRECTORY

TRINITY coMMANDERY, NO. 7, X.
II. Stated conclave at Masonic Temple.
FRIDAY. July 10, al 100 p NJ. All So
journing fratcrs are cordially invited.
MELVIN Il, SAWTELLE. f. c.
THOS. Fl. BODICE, Recorder.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23

THE REGULAR MEETING or aETH
Williams Relief Corps No 96, second
and fourth Friday evenings at 7.@ at q.
A. r. hall.
CLARE H. HARVEY, President. :
CARRIE ALLEN, Corps Secretary
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23

For Sheriff.
COLBY GETCHELL, Watervills.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23
ESTABLISHED 1875

Tuesday, July %, 1912.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23

QUEEN TEMPLE, NO. 70, PYTHlAN
Sisters, meets In X. of p. hall the second
and fourth Tuesday evenings of each
month at 7.30 O'Clock
CAROLYN $. BENNETT. M. r. G.
EVA M LADD. M. of r. and G.
IVA II. KICKER, M. Of f.
tu-th-sat,tf
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23

For County Attorney.
WILLIAM II. FISHER, Augusta.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23

UNIFORM RANK. KNIGHTS OF
Pythias. King Company. No. T.. Regular
Rec. W. FRANK HERRICK. Z
Capt, LEONARD ". CLARK.
oct5 tut this tt
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23
For State Auditor.
TIMOTHY F. CALLAHAN
of Lewiston.

For State Senators.
JOSEPH W. ALLEN, Mt. Vernon.
FRANK l.. BUTTON, Augusta.
WELLINGTON T. REYNOLDS,
Winslow.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-07-23
ODD FELLOWS HALL

JEPHTHA ENCAMPMENT, NO. 8
s Msstings at o'cleSk every second and
w. T.. HAYDEN. c, Psan
C. e. STEWART. Scribe.
The Huttig news., 1912-05-11
THEIR SINGING HARD LABOR
People of Star Island, Says Celia Thaxter, Grind Out Sounds With
 Tremendous Exertion.

Among people of average musical ability there is less singing than there used to be. Nearly everybody enjoys singing, and there was a time when nearly everybody was expected, on oc- casion, to sing. But from different causes-a more exacting standard, the rivalry of the photograph, and other reasons-am singers are fewer than they were. It is matter for re- gret from one point of view, and from another for rejoicing.
 In recently published letter, Celia Thaxter tells how some of the Star Island folks, during her long residence at the Isles of Shoals, used to sing
 Their singing" she declared was truly astonishing, indeed. I might say, excruciating. They go at it precisely as if they were saving wood, and grind out the sounds with such exer- tion that their faces become crimson and the precipitation stands in beads on their foreheads. Youths Compan- ion.
The Huttig news., 1912-05-11
The Iron Crown of Italy.

The historic iron crown of Italy has played a romantic role in the his tory of the peninsula. It was made in the year 594 by the command, 1t Is said, of Theodolinda, the widow of a Lombard king, on the occasion of her marriage to duke of Turin.
 The crown is of iron overlaid with gilt. Its significance was supposed to lay in the fact that the weight of royalty could never be frightened by it's splendid exterior. The iron of the inner portion was traditionally held to be one of the long nails used at the orueifxion
 For long time the crown was in the keeping of the famous monastery at Monza In TIA it was brought forth to be placed upon the head of Charlemagne as King of the Lom- bards,' and on later occasions it fig ured in the triumphs of Frederic " and Charles V. Finally in the pres ence of all the representatives of state, the foreign envoys and princes and officers. Napoleon Bonaparte sol emnly united it to the crown of France.
 The crown belongs to the state, and the custodian of it is the legitimate representative of the basilica of Mon- "a. The title of grand custodian . however, pertains to the head of the order of Cavaliers.--Harper's Weekly.
The Huttig news., 1912-05-11
liqht of the Firefjy,

The statement that the light of fire flies and other phosphorescent animals is produced without any sensible de- gree of heat has often been repeated without any information as to the quantity of heat that would be required to produce q similar amount of light by artificial methods. This information is supplied by Professor Mcintosh He says that temperature approaching 2,00o degrees Fahrenheit would be nec- essary to make light equivalent to that emitted by an ordinary firefiy The enormous waste in all industrial methods of producing light is a mat ter of common knowledge, and the example of the firefiy remains unimita- ted by man. The very simplicity of the mechanism employed by nature in phosphorescent animals is baff!ing. -Harpers Weekly
The Huttig news., 1912-05-11
CHANGING THE PRESIDENTIAL TERM.

The Senate resolution introduced by Senator Works of California ex- tending the presidential term from 4 to 6 years and prohibiting sec ond term is receiving warm and universal support from business men and voters in all parts of the country.
 Senators and members of the house of representatives, are hear ing from their constituents in clear and emphatic letters on the sub ject, so last week Representative Clayton of Alamaba, Democrat, in- troduced the same resolution in the House and it is believed that it will receive the requisite majority in the House and Senate. It will then be submitted to the various states for approval and when three fourths of the states shall have ap- proved the resolution the constitu- tion is then amended The people are plainly serving notice on Con- gress that they are getting sick and disgusted with this amending political game, which seriously oisturbes and checks business and depresses industries every four years. If the voters continue to bombard Congress with letters on this subject, there is no doubt but that the resolution will pass this session
The Huttig news., 1912-05-11
XSItixtSxtixtixt5lE x FACIS WORTH KNOWING z
 ~ INVERTEBRATES

Statistics indicate that the aver age of human life in the United States increased about .12 years during the last century. India alone shows no gain.
 Science has demonstrated that malaria and yellow fever are trans mtted only by certain varieties Of the mosquito. Swamps have noth- ing to do with it beyond breeding the mosquitoes.
 According to the American Ma chinist. it has been estimated that there is lost annually more than a million and a half barrels of oil by the burning of oil wells.
 England has one hen to the acre of territory.
 Australians still lead the world as tea drinkers.
 Life preservers for use in ship wrecks were unknown before the year 1920.
 The heads of all Chinese babies are shaved when the infants are a month old.
 The children of Japan are trained as ambidexters, using both hands equally well.
 Over 50 cities have adopted the commission plan of government since the first of the year.
 The governor of Hawaii says that the best immigrants that come to that island are Russians.
 New York burglars now wear kid gloves so as to leave no finger prints for the police to photograph.
The Huttig news., 1912-05-11

secure delegates favorable to the nomination of MT. Roosevelt for president. This was in one city alone. One of his leading support CTS in Pennsylvania. Flint of Pitts burg, was said to have spent over a quarter of a million dollars there. We believe that he denied this. but we have never observed that he has admitted how much he actual ly did spend. Unquestionably thousands of dollars are being spent, not only by Mir. Roosevelt, but by all of the men who are after the Republican and Democratic nomnations. Millions will be spent in the election. In 1904 it is said that the Republican cam paign fund reached the enormous total of 100000. Big Busi- ness put up the money. The Democrats with their puny little $o0O,O0O had no show, of course.
 Where the money is coming from that is being spent so lavishly this year in the nomination contests is a question about which many peo- pie are curious. It has never been so much in evidence before, but it's appearance now is only in keeping with the spirit of the times. It has gotten so nowadays that big bank roll is sine que non in the case of every man who wants an office. In some places, Chicago for exam pie, it is said that the very smallest legitimate expenditure by which a man can hope to be elected to congress is $1o,OoO. There are plenty of cases in which it is known that candidates have spent several times that much and then been un- successful-their opponent having spent still more.
 Nor is it necessary to travel away from home to find illustra- tions. They will occur to every man who knows what is going on around him, live where he may in this wonderful country of ours. How much longer we can keep up the race no man can tell. One is almost afraid even to think of what it threatens. The rock of corrup- tion has split more ships of state than any other-Charleston News and Courier.
The Huttig news., 1912-05-11
HE PLANNED HIS OWN DEATH
Ago Evaded Law Against Com hitting Suicide.

Suicides often adopt ingenious methods, but the art of the felo de SC seems not to have advanced material iy during the centuries. The modern case of a heavily insured broker who on a feigned hunting trip stood bare legged in a quagmire for hours and wilfully contracted a fatal pneumonia is matched in cleverness by one 800 years old
 The following facts are well vouched for, and indeed were never ques- toned, says the Green Bag. Sir Will liam Hankford, judge of the kings bench in the reigns of Edward III. Henry ", Henry V and Henry VI. and at the time of his death chief justice of England, was man of melancholy temperament.
 He seems to have contemplated suicide the greater pGrt of his long life and during his later years the idea became a fixed purpose. The act was of peculiarly serious conse quences in those days for the reason that the law treated it as capital crime. The offender was buried at the cross roads, with a stake driven through his body, and all his goods and property were forfeited to the crown, to the utter ruin of bis family.
 Hankford made good use of his wits and succeeded in accomplishing his purpose without mourning either unpleasant penalty He gave open instructions to his gamekeeper, who had been troubled with poachers in the deer preserve, to challenge all trespassers in the future and to shoot 10 kill if they would not stand and give an account.
 One dark night he purposely crossed the keepers path, and upon challenge made motions of resistance and escape The faithful servant, failing to recognize his master, fol- lowed instruction to the letter, as was expected of him, and Sir William fell dead in his tracks. The whole truth of the affair was common knowledge, but 1t was impossible to establish case of suicide by legal proof. The servant was protected by his instructions. Hanhford had hon. orable burial and his estate passed to those whose interests as heirs he had so wisely considered.
The Huttig news., 1912-05-11
Colored Column

Robt. Jones visited Fl Dorado on business last week.
 Agusta Brown has returned from an extended visit at Minden, La.
 Florence Humphrey of Fordyce is here visiting her sister, Mrs. AL. Williamson.
 Prof. L. s. Scroggins visited with friends and relatives at Fl Dorado last Saturday and Sunday.
 Etta Scroggins is visiting her parents at Junction City this week.
 Ella Fairehild of Fl Dorado was here visiting this week.
 Anna Lewis is still on the sick list.
 The G. U. o. of 0. F. will have their annual sermon preached Sun day afternoon at 5 o'clock by Rev T. H. Evans. You are invited to be present. Robt. Sylvester ordered the News sent for one year to his sis ter, Lizzie, at Bastrop, La, this week.
The Huttig news., 1912-05-11
LODGE DIRECTORY.

ROWLAND LODGE No. 5e4 F. & A. M.meets every second and fourth Satur- day evenings at z:5o o'clock. Visiting Masons always welcome.
 C. R. DUNCAN, w. M c. A. BERRY, Sec,y.
 HOWARD CHAPTER, No. 122, R. A. M-meets every first and third Thurs day evening at Masonic hall. Visiting companions welcome.
 c. T THOMPSON. H. P. c. A. BERRY, Secy.
 HUTTlG CHAPTER No. 32o Order of the Eastern Star, meets every first and third Friday evening at z:5o o'clock. Visiting brothers and sisters welcome
 Mas w. H. MOORE, W. M. Mas L. G. GIBSON. Sec'y. HUTTIG LODGE No. 54e 1. 0. o. F. meets every Tuesday evening Visiting brethern cordially invited to attend.
 G. c. WALLER, N G. H. SEHoN, Secy.
 HUTTlG REBEKAH LODGE No. 66, meets every second and fourth Wednes- day night at z:5o o'clock. Visitors are invited. Mas. R. w. CARGEL. N. G. Mas. CHAs. SAKE. Secy. SWEET BAY CAMP No. WOW. meets every first and third Saturday eve nlngs. Visitors made welcome.
 J. R. SIMS, C. C. J. c. BRIDGES. Clerk.
 SWEET BAY GROVE. No. l45, w. C., meets every first and third Wednes- day afternoon in each month. Visitors always welcome
 Mas. C. A. MCCORMICK, Guardian. Mas. J. c. BRIDGES. Clerk. UNION CAMP No. l5565, M. w. A, meets every Monday night at z 800 clock. Visitors always welcome.
 LM DESPAlN, Con. R SIMS, Clerk
The Huttig news., 1912-05-11
A Cash Offer.

The News has made a special clubbing rate with The Memphis Commercial Appeal by which we will furnish both papers for one year for the sum $l.15. The reg ular subscription price of both pa pers is $l.5O. The Commercial Appeal is one of the largest and best papers in the South, and we hope to receive many new sub seriptions on this offer: $1.15 cash for both papers.
The Huttig news., 1912-05-11
PROPOSED AMENDn1ENr TO THD O0NsTITUTIoN OF THE STATE
 OF ARKANyAS.

Notice Is hereby given that the fol- lowing joint resolution proposing an amendment to the State Constitution. was passed by the General Assembly at It's regular session of 1911. and that the same will be submitted to the electors of the State at the next general election, to be held Monday. September g. 1912. for adoption or re- jection.
 Proposed Amendment No. II.
 That the following article shall be proposed an amendment to the Con stitution of the State of Arkansas. which, when agreed to by majority of all the members elected to each House tors of the State voting at the next general election for senators and rep resenta tiyes, shall become a part of the Constitution of Arkansas.
 Every male citizen of the United States, or every male person who has declared his intention of becoming a citizen of the same of the age of twenty-one years or upward who has resided in the State twelve months. in the county six months. and in the pre- cinct, town or ward one month next preceding any election at which he may propose to vote, and who is able to read and interpret, or interpret when read to him, if he is prevented from read ing the same by reason of any physi cal disability, any section of the Consti- tution of the State of Arkansas except
 
 Slon Of some felony, De deprived of the right to vote by law passed by the Gen eral Assembly. and who shall exhibit poll tax receipt or other evidence that he has paid his poll tax at the time of collecting taxes next preceding such election. shall be allowed to vote at any election held in the State of Arkansas; but no person who was on January 1, 1866, or at any time prior thereto. en- titled to vote under the Constitution or statutes Of any State in the United States, wherein he then resided, and male person of foreign birth who was naturalized prior to the adoption of this amendment and no Ineal descend ant Of such person, who shall possess the other qualifcat tions Gescribed in this article. shall he denied the right to vote because of his inability to so read and interpret sections of the Consti- tution of this State; provided, that male persons who make satisfactory proof that they have attained the age of tWenty-one years since the time for assessing the taxes for the year next preceding the year in which the election at which he may propose to vote Is held, and pos SesSes the other qualifications required by this article shall be permitted to vote; and, provided. further that the said tax receipt shall be marked by dated stamp or other written endorse ment by the judges of election to whom it may first be presented as to pre- vent the holder thereof from voting Hloit lllslH oict at any election. The judges of election shall enforce the provisions of this article and shall be the judges of the qualifications of electors"
 The above resolution was filed in the office or the Secretary of State on March 16 1911.
 Each eleetor may vote for or against the above amendment
 Witness my official signature this l2th day of February. 1912
 EARLE w. HODGES
 Secretary of State
 (Seal)