The Raymer enterprise., 1912-10-10
LESSONS FROM DRY FARMING
Cultivation Of Growing Grain 10 Found
PraetleabIs-DIskIns Of Much
Value.

From the dry-farming methods
which are so necessary to success
throughout the west, farmers In the
more humid districts Of the east can
often gain valuable suggestions with
regard to the proper conservation Of
moisture. One lesson which may be
learned Is In reference to the treat.
ment Of the small grains. The east.
ern farmer usually considers wheat,
oats and barley a. crops which cannot
be cultivated. Consequently no at
tendon is paid to them from the time
they are sown until they are ready to
harvest. Not 20 with the upto-dats
dry.farmer. He cultivates his grain
fields after every rain from the time
they are we'll started in the spring un.
til they are too high to allow Of furthe,
cultivation. The spiketooth harrow
Is used for the earlier workings; al
the grain grows larger the weeder 4,
substituted. BY means Of the latter
implement grain may be cultivated al.
most up to the time when 1t begins
to head.
The advantages Of this cultivation
are twofold. In the first place II
serves to break the crust which is SO
likely to form after the spring rains,
and to close the cracks which the
frost has made In the winter grain
fields. This lessons the evaporation
OF moisture. which Is most rapid from
crusted or crooked soil, and conserves
1t until 1t 10 most needed by the grow.
Ing crop. The advantage Of this pre-
caution Is most apparent in the semi.
arid districts. but In dry seasons 1t IL
noticeable anywhere.
In the east rolling winter wheat a.
soon as 1t is safe to go on the ground
In the spring is perhaps to be pre-.
ferred to narrowing. II clover Is plant.
ed with the wheat 1t should be sown
before the rolling Is done. The rolling
covers the clover seed and also firms
the soil about the roots Of the wheat
plants where 1t has been loosened by
heaying. The other effect Of cultiva.
tion Is in the keeping down Of weeds.
and for this purpose 1t is Just as use.
ful and Just as necessary In the east
as In the west. Small weeds are very
easily killed with the harrow or weed.
er. and II the work Is properly done
the grain will not be injured.
Three precautions are necessary In
narrowing small grain. Drilled grain
only should be narrowed, for cultiva.
tion destroys portion Of the stand Of
that which has been sown broadcast
and 80 lessons the yield. For the
same reason the narrowing should be
dsne In the direction Of the drills ra.
ther than across them. Fields on
which grass or clover seed has been
sown should not be narrowed, for the
young plants are as easily killed by
this treatment as are the weeds. None
OF these precautions need be observed
II the roller is used on winter grain.
but the roller is OF little or no use In
killing weeds. In the east, except In
the driest seasons. 1t will not usually
be profitable to harrow grain felds
more than once.
Another lesson which may be learn.
ed from the dry.farmer IL the diskinx
Of land which 10 to be plowed later
In order to keep the soil from baking
unit! the plowing can be completed.
This practice was begun In the west
on grain stubble after harvest In or.
der to hold whatever moisture was In
the soil, for usually little rain falls
after that time. Since the dIsking can
be done much more rapidly than the
plowing. there 10 less chance for evap-
evaporation and the land then remains
for some time In good condition for
plowlng. For several years a Mary.
land farmer has applied this method
to his spring plowing. dlsking all his
stubble and cultivated fields which are
to be plowed Just as early In the
spring as he can get on to them. He
is then able to plow his land st any
time, whereas his neighb RS are often
compelled to postpone their plowing
until the hard clay soil is softened by
rains.
In addition to remaining In condi.
tion to plow for much longer pc.
riod. land which has been disked is
much less inclined to break up In
clods and Jumps than undisked soil,
and hence Is more easily put In condl.
tion for planting. The loose earth
which Is thrown TO the bottom Of the
furrow unites much more readily with
the furrow slice and no large air
spaces are left.-Couptry Gentleman.