davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08
GRACE THINKS 1T
WAS A DREAM SHOT
Man Who Says Wife Shot
Him Advances a
New Theory.

Atlanta, Ga, March S.-That his
wife shot him unintenuonaly WINE
dreaming. was the unique theory said
TO have been advanced today by Eu-
gene II. Grace. who lies critically
wounded. while his wife is in jail In
connection with the case 1t came as
q part Of the maze Of conthctlns
charges which have baffIed local po-
lice officers.
Mrs. Grace, who was arrested yester-
day. and whose husband from his Ded
caused to be issued writ to recover
several insurance policies from neIi
still is held without bail She persists
IN saving She is innocent
There was little change In the
wounded mans condition this morning.
Grace called his attorneys 70 MS PED
side and made his viii today II Is
f. Hiu Of Newman. Ca. as beneficiary
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08
sovERODY PAINFULLY REMOVES
rmnr,nrAEER1s SEWING WIGHT Nh

some time Thursday night some
BODY entered the shop OF \. j. hosln 8,
5O7 North Kansas street. ana pay uI-y
,5SJ.l.o,,e~ad Ms loss this morning. The
machine was Of especial build FOR
shoan1s <ers
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08

Thursday afternoon, brindle pun aos
months old: very friendly ana an
swers to name of WooIIle. any ms
So-netion as to who has this dog will
he bighly appreciated and a nice re
ward paid Chalmers Sales Co, 200
Texas St Bell phone 734; Auto. 1886.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08

DR.. Robinson. diseases Of cbfldren
removed to 211-212 Roberts Banner.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08

Indian Motorcycles.
Allen Arms and Cycle Co.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08

Manhattan, Kas-, March S-The
home of Mrs. G. H. Worden was burned
while she was visiting with neighbors,
aged three years, was burned 70 doafb
and May, aged five, inhaled smoke ana
flames and is in a dangerous condition
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08
lIIrhf IN 60 Rtnh.-n-

Boston, Mass, March s.-An anti
capital punishment measure. which
might have saved the lives OF three
men under sentence Of death. includ-
ing Clarence V. T.. RichesOn. was de-
feated in the house of representa-
tives
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08

Have your electrical work done b.
Co. rs n stanton St Both phones
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08

DR.. r. VI. RatIiff. dentist. successor to
Drs. Paget & Ratliff, 2O4-5-6 CapIes Bldg
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08

Blows Self Up With Dynamite.
Danbury, Conn., March George
Mead, a cOachman for the Rev Frank
fairfield. rector of the Episcopal
church at Brewster, n. Y, made a muir
derous attack on the two daughters OF
the rector and then blew himself to
pieces with dynamite
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08

DR.. PrenflaH. diseases OF stomach asa
ntestines. Roberts-Benner Bldg.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08

For house wiring and fixtures see
the National IelegrsphOne and Supply
Company, 81 Mills street.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08

DR.. Klein, physician: internal medi-
cine special attention given to tuber-
culosis. Office. ROberts-Banner Bldg.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08
Eater sunday. April sth.

Don't fail to order vour sprine
clothes for that occasion. before the
rush. order now, r. Y. Pearson. fine
Royal tailoring. 10 Texas st.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08

Dr.. JAMESON genito-urinarv. skin
ana rectal diseases, 61S Mills Bldg.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08

DR.. PeGree, osteOpathic physician.
Roberts-Ba Bldg, phone 24s6.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08

Dr.. A. T. Stin OEtespataIe Infirmury,
DR.. Ira ". Collins. physician in chief;
D. Amelia Burk, DR.. Grace Parker, DR..
Paul r Collins. consulting physicians;
2ol West Missouri street.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08

g. L. Ellington. zee Nazofffn. Tel
1883, painting, paperhanging.d decorating
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08
Mob Would Lvnrb Fivr

Jacksonville, Fla. March ga mob
Of several thousand men threatened the
county jail here intent upon lynching
i've negroes charged with the murder
Of S. Silverstein and the assault Of
mis- wife and two small children on
Sunday.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08

OsteOpathy a speciality. H. F. Wright
NJ. d., D. o. Herald Bldg.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08
~ BreDities
Train Bulletin.

Train Bulletin
Rock Island Southwester train No.
80. from Tucumcari due at 7:45 D. m.
viii arrive at $50 p. m. Texas & Pa
cific train No. Q, due at SIS D. m. will
arrive at 1l.25 p m. All other after
noon and night trains are reported on
time for Friday
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08

at Wards Pharmacy. IN Fl Pasa
happens in Mexico.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08

Y. w. c. A. lunch, 1880 to 2. Women
and men welcome. 4th floor Calisher Big.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08

Dr.. J. II. Paget, dentist. 5O1-5O2 Rob.
erts-Banner Bldg. phone 1850.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08

DR.. Gerber. S1s Mills Bldg. diseases OF
women, rectal diseases. electro thera-
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08

DR.. Cameron. Dentist. 22s Mesa Ave.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08

Moved to los South Stanton street
next to the Electric building.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08

Dr.. vyarnOelz, dentist. up-to-date work.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-03-08

Fun measure at Southwestern Fuel Co.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1912-04-12
NOTED SOCIETY BEAUTIES
IN CIRCUS AND PARADE
Helen Taft and Gladys HinckIcy
Among Performers: Will Ride
i'm Street Pageant.

HI SiTtel IdScdnt.
Washington.-When the society
circus, which will give a performance
for the benefit of the Diet Kitchen,
parades down Connecticut avenue on
April %. the public will have oppor-
tunity to see Miss Gladys Hinckley,
whom Baron Rosen, the former Rus
sian ambassador. declared to be the
most beautiful girl in the United
States. CARRIED in a Roman robe, driv-
ing a chariot.
Miss Helen Taft. daughter of the
president, will be in the parade on
horseback.
In the circus performance, Miss
Taft me seven other beautiful girls
OF society will dance a quadrille on
horseback. Among the quadrille
dancers are the Misses Meyer, daugh-
ter of the Secretary of the Navy;
Miss Dorothy Williams, sister of Mrs.
Joseph Letter; Miss Laura Merriam,
Miss Murray Cobb and Miss Margaret
Draper.
Following this figure will come Miss
Jeanette Allen, daughter of Major
Allen, L. S. A., the most daring rider
in Washington society. From a bare
back horse she will jump through
hoops. leap hurdles and perform all
the thrilling feats of a professional
circus equestrienne.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1912-04-12
GIRL BooTBLACK ON BET.
Shows Her Uncle That Woman is Able
to Earn Living.

Pascagoula, Miss.-Miss Evelyn AL
tofair of New Orleans came to Pasca-
goula and arranged with a popular
shoestore in town to open a shoe
shining parlor, the work to be done
by herself.
A portion of the proceeds of what
she will earn will be devoted to the
Pascagoula Public Library association.
She is a native of Nashville, Tenn,
and recently visited her uncle in Mo-
bile.
Discussing with him the subject of
a woman being able to earn her own
living, she made a wager that she
could do it shining shoes.
The wager is that If she earns more
than $500 ove and above expenses
during the mex six months, shining
shoes, she is to have a bonus of 5000,
I'M the bet declared off. This is the
first city where she has stopped. The
way she has gone to work is an au-
gury of her success.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1912-04-12

caught two babies thrown from a Sec
ond story window by a frantic mother.
The policeman was John McLaufh-
lin, formerly a famous catcher on st.
Johns college baseball team. When
Mclaughlin reached the burning
house the smoke was pouring from
the basement and the fire was sweep
ing UP the stairway.
On the second floor was Harry
Schwartz, his wife and four children.
The woman was at the window
screaming when Mclaughlin arrived.
Suddenly she seized her youngest
child; Bessie, 2, and tossed her. out of
the window. Mclaughlin caught the
baby in his arms and set it unharm-
ed on the sidewalk. Mrs. Schwartz
then dropped four-year-old Elsie and
Mclaughlin didn't make an error.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1912-04-12
ROCK FOLK
LEAVE FOR SUMMER
Especial Correspondence.)

Pilot Rock, Ore, April 12.-Mrs.
Ans Hoffman and children left Mon
day evening for Montana where they
Will spend the summer.
Mrs. Lon Knots has returned to
her home here after spending a few
days in Pendleton with friends.
Miss Maude Mathews of Stewart
creek, was in Pilot Rock Tuesday do
ing some shopping.
Miss Fay Sturtevant spent Sunday
at the Charles Matthews place on
Stewart creek.
Mr.. Lon Etter and Bessie Camp
bell were visitors at the home Of Mr..
and Mrs. Sam Walker, Sunday.
Mr.. Charles Mathews was a business
visitor at the county seat Thursday.
Rev. E. w. Warrington left Wednes-
day for Milton to spend a few days.
DR.. Lieuallen and wife returned to
home here from Walla Walla
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1912-04-12
Carnesie,s Lawyer a Smart One.

1t took a subpoena to get Andrew
Carnegie to consent to appear before
the Stanley steel investigation COM
mittee, not because he was unwilling
to go, on general principles, but be-
cause, having been made a defendant
in the governments suit against the
steel trust. he was advised by counsel
to stay away.
But here's the rub: Does Carnegie
get the Immunity bath If he testi-
flies for the Stanley people? Many
believe he will under the provisions
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1912-04-12
The Perfect Laxative
For Elderly People

Age has its attractions no less than
youth in a more serene and quleter life.
But it is this very life of rest without suf-
ficient exercise that brings with 1t those
disorders that arise from inactivity. Chief
of these are chronic, persistent consti-
patton.
Most elderly people are troubled In this
way, with accompanying symptoms Of belch-
ing, drowsiness after eating, headaches and
general lassitude. Frequently there Is diff
flculty of digesting even light food. Much
mental trouble ensues, as it is hard to find
a suitable remedy. First Of all the advice
may be given that elderly people should
not use salts, cathartic pills or powders,
waters or any of the more violent purga
tives. What they need, women as well as
men, is a mild laxative tonic. one that is
pleasant to take and yet acts without
gripping.
The remedy that fills all these require
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1912-04-12
49, HEALS
o.0.o. SORES AND ULCERS

SIS s heals Sores and Ulcers in the very simplest way. It just goes
right down into the blood and removes the cause, and the place is bound
to heal because the impurities and morbid matters which have been the
mean of keeping The ulcer open are no longer absorbed from the blood.
External applications of salves, lotions, plasterS etc. a never produce a
cure because they do not reach the source of the trouble. At best they
can only alay pain or reduce Inflammation; such treatment is working on
symptoms and not reaching the cause. Every nutntfve corpusle in the
blood is weakened or infected, they cannot nourish the fbrous tissue around
the place, but instead they constantly discharge into the flesh around the
sorea quantity of impure, gernladen matter which gradually eats nto the
surrounding healthy tissue and causes the ulcer to enlarge Since impure
blood is responsible for Sores and Ulcers, a medicine that can purify the
blood is the only hope of a cure. SIS. S. has long been recognized IS the
greatest of all blood purifiers, possessing the qualities necessary to remove
every impurity from the blood. While curing the sre o. ulcer S {.
brings about a healthy condition of the flesh by supplying it with rich.
healthy blood, and thus makes the cure permanent and lasting. Book OF
Sores and Ulcers and any medical advice free % all who write.
TIE SWIFT SPECIFIC m. ATLANTA. GA.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1912-04-12

ments, and has in addition tonic properties
that strengthen the stomach, liver and
bowels, Is DR.. CaldwelIs Syrup Pepsin,
which thousands of elderly people use, to
the exclusion OF all other remedies. Trust
worthy people like Mr.. s. w. Hoffman,
Askia, n. NJ, and w. D. Jordan, 706 It'll
St, Glenwool Springs, Colo, say they take
it at regular intervals and in that way not
only maintain general good health, but that
they have not in years felt as good as they
dc now. You will do well to always have
a bottle of it in the house. 1t is good for
all the family.
Anyone wishing to make a trial Of this
remedy before buying 1t in the regular
way of a druggist at fifty cents or one
dollar a large bottle Family size) can have
a sample bottle sent to the home free of
charge by simply addressing DR.. w. b.
Caldwell, 405 Washington St, Monticello,
III. Your name and address on a postal
card will do.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1912-04-12
ANTI-DEATH-DIP CLUB
Is FORMED By FILTERS
Fate of Rodgers Leads Brookins, Or
iginatOr of Crazy Stunts, to
Urge Safe Aviation,

New York.-Walter Brookins, who
for many months held the record am
ong aviators for such thrillers as the
spiral glide, the ocean roll and the
dip-o'-death, is the organizer of a
new club of professional airmen, all
members of which are pledged not
to essay any of the aerial tricks. and
stunts for which so many lives have
been the penalty.
The members are further pledged
not to permit, wherever they can pre-
vent it. the attempting Of follies of
flight by other aviators.
The cause for the call for the for
nation of the club was the death of
Galbraith p. Rodgers.
1t is now nearly two years since
Brookins performed his last dip. He
says that he has settled down to be
a steady and business-like flier.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1912-04-12

where the doctor had his throat oper-
ated on.
Mr.. Henry Casteel is spending a few
days at Ukiah~ on business.
James Whitaker of Nye was a bust
ness visitor in town Wednesday.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1912-04-12
GIRL HOBOEs AS A BOY.
Miss of Is Risks Life To Avoid Arrest
for Beating Way.

RarstoW, Calif.-A girl, who gave
her name as Azelee st. Claire, dressed
in boys clothes and with her hair
cropped short, jumped from the blind
end of a baggage car or the Santa
Fe train while it was running about
fifteen miles an hour, to avoid ar
rest.
Her head was badly u and Speci-
al officer Figel brought her here,
where her injuries were dressed.
The girl who gave her age as Is
years, was beating her way with
Horace Jenne, % years old, who is
being held here by the police. They
left los Angeles two weeks ago where
the girl was employed in a store.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1912-04-12
Puts End to Bad Habit.

Things never look bright to n
with 1.-THE blues" Ten to one the
trouble is a sluggish liver, filling the
system with bilious poison. that DR..
Kings New Life Pills would expel.
Try them. Let the joy of better feel
ing end "the blues" Best for stom-
ach, liver and kidneys, Csc. Koeppens.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1912-04-12

of the act of June 80, 1904. which de-
fines immunity, 'in obendience to a
subpoena" If this is the case, Car
negie's lawyers advice compelling the
subpoena was worth all it cost, and
more.-Boston Post.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1912-04-12
PLUCKS BABIES FROM AIR.

Patrolcman. Ex-Ballplayer, Catches
Two Tossed From Window.
New York.-In an apartment house
fire in East New York a policeman
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1912-04-12

While these rates apply Westbound
only, fares may be prepaid by de-
posting value of the ticket with your
local agent, and an order will be tele-
graphed to any address given. Aid
In telling of III vast and
wonderful opportunities for Home
Building.
illustrated and reliable printed
matter will be mailed anyone to
T. T.. O'BRIEN, Agent.
whom you wish II sent, by addressing
Pendleton, Ore.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1912-04-12
GRANDSON OF ADAMS DEAD.

Santa Monica, Calif.-Robert Adj
ans, rs years old, a grandson of John
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1912-04-12

Quincy Adams, died at his finter
home. Adams was a wealthy resident
OF Kansas City, and a Grand Army
veteran. For some time he was con-
nected with the law department OF
the Missouri Pacific railroad.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1912-04-12

All the classics and metaphors at
the command of a female school
teacher will not prevent her from
jumping at the sight of a mouse.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1912-04-12
Colo
Fares
-DAILY-
March l to April
Is, 1912

From the Middle and Eastern por-
tons Of the United States and Cana
da to all points In the Northwest on
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1912-04-12
0regon.W Washington
Railroad & Nav. Co.

Proportionately low fares from all
other points. Direct service from
Chicago, st. Paul. Omaha and Kans-
as City over the @. & N. W., UNION
PACIFIC, OREGON SHORT LINE
and O.-W. II. & N.
LINES PROTECTED BY AUTOMAT.
&c BLOCK SIGNAL
YOU CAN Pr EpAY FARES
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1912-04-12

THE SWIFT SPECIFIC ~. ATLANTA. GA.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1912-04-12

C.... Is, BY HAROLD w. SETON, General Manager
'""u'or resiueW general agent and attorney for service:
,oux u GEORGE A HARTMAN, Portland
JOHN H. BuRGARD & CO. A H BIRRELI4 Agents Portland or. "
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1912-04-12
SYNOPSIS OF THE ANNUAL STATEMENT OF
The Insurance Company Of the State of Pennsylvania

ILADELPHIA IN THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA,
of December, 1911, made to the Insurance Commissioner OF
egon, pursuantsto law:
CAPITAL.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-05-09
PAINTERS CARE OF DETAILS
Wonderful Accuracy of MiIlet's Pic
lures Need No Longer Be
Wondered At.

sold Sensier a quantity of Millet's
sketches, and this is how l got them,
explains Charles Jacque, in the Cen
fury. went into his studio one morn.
ing and found the servant making
fire with pieces Of paper that looked
as If they had pencil marks on them.
| examined them more closely and,
seeing that they were the painters
sketches, began to upbraid her for
what she was doing; but she very
coolly told me that her master had
told her to burn up the papers.
could hardly contain myself with as.
tonishment, when in came Mil,et, and
| began to reproach him for the de.
struction of what knew would soon
er or later bring money. TO all OF
which he calmly replied: "Ah, they
are good for nothing. l have got out
Of them all l want" Just then no.
ticed pile of paper in the corner, and
| looked it over and found that 1t con-
sisted of sketches.
What will you take for the lot?" 1
asked.
Anything you have mind to give"
said Millet.
will three hundred francs be
enough?"
ooh, yes"
handed him the money and took
the sketches home and counted 500!
Soon after ! sold them to Sensier,
who mounted them carefully and set
to work to sell them. From this one
can get some idea of the endless pre-
liminary study Millet gave to the prep.
aration of a picture.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-05-09
500 Reward. 500

the readers OF TINS paper will be
pleased to learn that there is at least one
dreaded disease that science has been
able to cure in all its stages. and that is
Catarrh. ilallS Catarrh Cure is the only
positive cure now known to the medical
fraternity. Catarrh being a constitutional
disease, requires constitutional treat
ment. Halls Catarrh Cure is taken in
ternally. acting directly upon the blood
and mucous surfaces of the system, there
by destroying the foundation of the dis
building up the constitution and assisting
nature in doing it's work. The proprietors
have so much faith in its curative pow
ers that they offer One Hundred Dollars
for any case that it fails to cure. Send
for list of testimonials
Address Il. j. CHENEY q CO., Toledo, Ohio.
Sold by all Druggists, Use.
Take Halls Family Pills for constipation.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-05-09

Peter Jacobson is having his cellar
dug and will soon move his house
from the country.
Willie Esbeck's baby that has been
very ill with whooping cough and
complications, is now rapidly inn
proving.
Miss Hazel Gill and niece, Pauline
Race Race OF Extra were visiting at
the Floyd Freeman homo the first of
the week.
Mrs. Marinus Jensen went to Ex-
ira Saturday afternoon to see her sis
ter-in- law, Mrs, John Jenkins who
is quite ill
S. r Nelson and family of Allan
tic were in Brayton Sunday on their
way to visit her parents, L. P. Nell
son and wife.
George Kellogg Of Audubon and
Fern Andersen and George Ross OF
Ross were business callers in Bray
ton Wednesday.
DIR. Mullins of Atlantic was in
Brayton Thursday ana performed an
operation on little Kathrine Nymand
for the removal of abnoids.
Mrs Byron Wonders returned 10
her home in Omaha Saturday after q
pleasant weeks visit with her par.
ents, G. G. Thompson and wife.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1912-05-09

Punch was two months old and
tipped the scales at 40 pounds, while
Bill was five years old and could only
push the beam to 80 pounds. Bill
and Punch had been constant COM
panions ever since that early May
morning when Bonnie Bell had trot-
ted up from the pasture with the tin
lest Of colts by her side. The boy
Punch, and Punch and Bill it has
been ever since. Punch was broken
to ride, drive, pull an old box about
the yard, also to be groomed, have
his feet cleaned out, and in general
deport himself as we'll educated
horse should. In doing this Bill had
lots OF fun and learned many valua-
BILE lessons about handling ami nals.
This is what occurred on an Iowa
farm the past season and proved to
the writer's satisfaction that there
is place on the farm for the Shet-
land pony. The children amused
themselves hours every day playing
with Punch and his mother. In this
way they became accustomed to the
livestock about the place, and last,
but not least, greater love for farm
life and things about the farm was
awakened.
The Shetland is admirably fitted
for children's use because of all
breeds of ponies they are the small
lest, the most gentle. the most pa
tient, the hardest, the freest from de-
feet, the most able to stand neglect
and the easiest to keep. They mature
quickly The colt Punch when two
months old was hardy and strong and
just the right size for Bill to man
age The Shetlands are naturally
hardy, their original home being the
Shetland islands, where ruggedness
is necessary characteristic. A rela.
lively small amount Of feed Is re.
ouired. for they have developed orig.