davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1912-10-01
ECONOMY IN BUILDINGS I'M
FENCES.

Does every farmer realize th.
square building can be built ehc.{.-
than one III the shape Of an oL4rr4
although the Hor space is the SAN.
To understand this. observe Il part.e-
ular example.
In a sluare building that measures
4Ox40 feet, there Will be 1900 sq4ure
feet Of floor space; the distal,e
around the building will be Ito fc.i
or there will be sides to the cqnA4lt1t
of $50 feet wide.
But If, as is often the case. ne
buildings We're made 100x1t fee. tbs
distance aroun the building OF the
total width Of the four sides would he
1882 feet. while the floor space wood
be 1900 square feet.
Although these two buildings y
hay the same floor space. Yet the
man will have to pay for building
feet more OF sides in the oblong halld-
ing. There will be a similar Waste m
the construction Of the roof Il 10
obIOng barn.
Surprising that 1000 square tc,t II
lumber would need to be bought the
lumber alone would cost about $50 At
least. When the extra labor used n
n building, the cost Of repairs ard
n interest on this sum is considered,
anyone can Understand that ii is IN
expense to be avoided.
Probably this matter is Of the nfpst
Importance in the construction -
poultry houses and dairy buildings
although even in such buildings the
form cannot always be made square,
yet the arrangement can he made "a
such a way that there Will be no need
less waste.
In arranging fields the same points
should be observed. In two ten-aore
fields, one 4Ox4O rods. the other seN-o
rods, the former will require Zoe
rods of fence, the latter 1000 rods,
This extra forty rods of fence Would
cost about $40 and the annual Tt
pairs about s., beside the intertNt IN
the outlay.
This may seem a simple matte ard
yet a little forethought in this Wv
would save many far1ners no small
~ of money!. Edlt, NV
York.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1912-10-01
POINTS IN MAKING DAT HAY.

When the bulk of the grain on top
OF the head begins to turn yellow is
the time TO make Oat hay. At that
stage THESE top grains are in the
dough state, and the remainder is
mostly in the milk, and stalks and
blades are still green.
While as a usual thing stock does
not relish oat hay as much as mixed
timothy Or clover, it will ALWAYS be
found a good substitute.
1t must be we'll cured. as # ia one
or the worst crops to draw moisture,
heat and old 1t should never be put
into the barn when the least tough or
damp.
I have made a good deal of GA hay
and find it fairly good II cut at the
right time and properly handled.
Many farmers allow it to get too ripe
to make the best hay.
When ailOWed to almost mature
there will be a greater noun Of
grain. it can be more easily cured.
and there will be less danger from
molding, but it will not be oat hay;
1t Will be oats in the straw.
When handled this way the animals
Will eat the grain readily but will only
eat the straw when driven to it by
hunger and will get but little good out
of it.
Nol SnOulO tney De cut while TOO
green, as in that case it Will be very
hard to cure sufficiently. while green
oats cut in the milk makes very good
feed for milk cows, but the curing is
very difficult owing to the long pc
Rod necessary for properly drying and
the difficulty Of getting good weather.
IT is absolutely necessary that the
fodder be dried before storing.
When the surface of the ground is
smooth ] cut the oats with a mower,
and let them remain several days
then turn them over, repeating this
operation until thoroughly dried.
1t usually takes me about a week
to cure my oats properly. When the
weather is not favorable and | fear
rain before they have time to dry in
the windrow l build very large cocks
and build them SO as to turn the
water as much as possible.
These cocks will go through
sweat and may stand il necessary tive
or even three weeks, after which the,
must be stacked or put into the barn
When unloading every two load.
can be salted thoroughly and trampet
down. it will then 60 through anothe,
sweat.
Such hay when fed with clover vii
prove excellent for horses and cattle
R. b. Rushing.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1912-10-01
THE COLD STORAGE OF
EGGS.
The Infallible Rule Concerning the
Marketing Of Eggs Is for the
Farmer to Sell His Eggs as Soon
as Possible After They Are
old

The cold storage is a
development Of the last twenty-five
years. Undoubtedly the industry as
a whole has been Of great benefit to
both egg producer and egg consumer,
and has tended toward the leveling OF
the price of eggs throughout the year
and has resulted in a large increase in
the fall and winter consumption. This
means q larger total demand and a
consequent increase in price.
Owing to the fact that eggs are
spoiled by hard freezing, they must
he kept at a higher temperature thar
meat and butter. Temperatures OF
from 80 to 80 degrees F.. are used in
cold storage Of eggs. At such tenn
peratures the eggs, II kept in moist
vent this, the air ina first-class stor-
which shrinks the eggs, though much
more slowly than would occur with
out storage. The growth OF bacteria
in cold storage is practically prevent
ed. If bactera are in the eggs when
stored the growth will be checked,
but activity will begin again when the
eggs are warmed UP.
Speaking generally, the cold-storage
egg, while not unWholeSOme, is in
ferior in flavor and strength Of white
to q fresh egg. The cold-StOrage egg
can be very nearly duplicated in gross
appearance and quality by allowing
eggs to stand for three or four weeks
in q dry room. COld-StOrage eggs,
when in case lots, an be told by the
Gambler because Of the UNIFORM shrink
age, the presence of mold on cracked
eggs, and, perhaps, the occasional
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1912-10-01

made less Roadway IN the
States than in other countries
TWO chief examples Of lis s.,..
are the fruit rae of Cabrn7,
the cooperation creamcrieS af
some ZOO are in Operation
present writing. To he ur.ta-
n knowledge there iS.rrr,
farmers cooperative ege-nt.r1.
association in existence in IN.
States, and hat has been H.,
more from a desire TO adhere t.
cipIe than because :h. ~. ua...>
financially reimbursed Tor the.
trouble.
Abou one-half thu .sp lue
Denmark is handled hy ~co-ur..
egg-eXpolT societies. which
that sue a method Of egg r.r.,
can be successfully carried oI
other halt Of the Danish egg H..
HANDLED by private dealers. WI.
equally severe in Rejecting n,s
and maintaining the quality. -.
which we may judge that the
Of egg handling by private deai.
also capable OF putting out a
grade of eggs.
The loss in this country due II. 80
actual spelling Of Eggs constitutes \
enormous waste. which could
large measure be saved We're e.s
given a reasonable care from tht ,.t.
Of laying until they reached tn,
sumner
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1912-10-01
EDUCATED BY PEACTS.

While on 4. visit to Kansas this ear
! ran across two young women who
had shown remarkable pluck In earn
ing their own none with which to
secure an education. They are sisters,
and their father being unable to
supply them with the necessary money
offered to give them as much land as
they wanted for any purpose they
might want to put it to. They finally
figured out that peanuts was the best
crop to raise for their market, and
they planted an acreand a half. Their
ground but the girls did all the plant
ing, hoeing and picking Of the pea
nuts. They raised 15S bushels which
sold for $500 per bushel
The next year they planted five
acres and paid out 500 for labor.
This crop gave them 522 bushe and
after saving their seed they sold the
remainder for a sum that brought
them a net profit Of S403. The prices
We're quite low that year but that did
Tot ~discourage them. and this season
they have again planted thei five
acres, with the prospect Of a large
crop and at much better prices. They
confidently expect to make Il net profit
of about 800.
With the money they have earned
in his way they have attended three
years of school in town including one
year at business college. They in
tended to fit themselves for steoog-
raphers and go to town to live but
nave become SO enamored OF farm
work and haVe demonstrated that they
a make more money at It than they
al at clerical work SO they are go
ing back TO the farfnm next year with
their education and will enter into
partnership with their father to
manage the farm. They will both
attend the State Agricultural College
this winter and then put into practice
the scientific methods Of farming
which they will acquire in the school
IS. NJ. Miller.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1912-10-01

presence of certain kinds Of spot rots
peculiar to storage stock; but the alb
Solute detection of a single cold
storage g by Gambling is, so far as
h writer knows, impossible.
With the present prevailing custom
Of holding fall eggs without storage
facilities. It is frequently true that
g 8 placed in cold storage in April
are superior to current fall and early
winter receipts. Cold-storage eggs are
usually sold wholesale as cold-storage
eggs"
goods, but are retailed simply as
h fall> eggs offered to the con
sumner cover every imaginable varia-
ton in quality, and the poorest ones
SOLD may OF may not be cold-storage
stock.
Occasional articles have been print
ed calling attention to the fact that
the cold-storage men were reaping
vast profits which rightfully belonged
70 the farmer. and advising the farm
er to send his own eggs to the StOr-
age house or to preserve them by
other means. AS a matter of fact. the
cold-storage Of eggs has not Of late
years been particularly profitable,
there having been severe losses during
several seasons. Even were the
profits Of egg soring many times
greater than they are, the above ad-
fASo "OoiA I'LL NC lSt. " the
storing. removing and selling of the
farmers individual case of eggs would
eat up all possible profit.
When eggs in the hands of large
operators are properly preserved in
cold storage, the best and most Off
Gent ethOd known are in reality at
the farmers service. Because of the
severe competition that prevails in
egg storing, the farmer is paid all the
increase in price which the business
will stand. A comparison Of the sum
mer prices Of eggs now with summer
prices before days of cold storage will
substantiale the truth Of this state
ment.
Cold-storage is an evil only when
controlled by dishonest men. Proper
~ conducted under lawful safeguards
against the devices Of
spectators it eGualizes values of food
products to the consumer, regulate
the supply to conform TO the demand
provides a steady market and conSe-
quently larger profit to the produce,
and greater satisfaction to the con.
sumner.
Cooperation among farmers. ha.
widely extended and wisely mani oed
would do the same thing. IT wonIc
prevent the rushing Of crops 10 mr.
ket hen prices are low, provide can.
Ilal TO hold them, prevent, rn,naS,
competluon. reduce the cost Of se,line
and prevent losses through middle
men.
Cooperation among farmers Ia,
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1912-10-01

After the timothy heads are eaten.
the worms turn their attention to oats,
wheat or corn travelling in an army
from one field to another-hence their
name
They appear to be somewhat sub
ject to the attacks Of parasites; and
are undoubtedly IN common with
other caterpillers, devoured by pre-
daceous beetles by birds, and die on
account Of fungous or bacterial dis
eases. Nevertheless these factors
simply serve to keep them within
bounds, and it is absolutely necessary,
when a farmer is confronted with a
horde OF these worms stripping his
timothy field. and preparing to march
20 grain fields,tO know what to do
and to realize that whatever is to be
done must be done without delay in
order to be effective.
Fall plowing and the rotation Of
crops, sovereign remedies for many
t~eld-insects, are valuable here. If
farmers would pillow up their timothy
fields at least once in three years, it
would be a help in connection with
this or any other insect which found
there an undisturbcd breeding-ground.
Another year, quite possibly, this army
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1912-10-01

the worms. the steep side OF the
burrows toward the crop to be pro-
tected. The worms collect in the fur
rows and can be killed with Kerosene,
or better, with crude oil.
II p~Ost-holes eight or ten inches
deep are made at intervals in these
burrows, they form traps into which
the worms fall. Or, the ditch or fur
row may be partially filed with straw.
which may be wet with kerosene and
burned after the worms have collected
thereon.
Fields where they are entering the
soil to go through the resting stage
should be plowed-harrowing is not
sufficient. Cooperation in the attack
is necessary; for there might remain
on one mans place enough forms to
lay waste the entire neighbOrhood
later on if every one &c not take
preventive measures. Clean culture
along fence rows and elsewhere is
desirable, since the worms also feed
on plants other than timothy, and
may breed On wild grasses by the
roadside. The presence Of lis worm
on cured hay does not poison it for
stock, as some have sup
posed.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1912-10-01
NOTES.

Many farmers who have been row
ing fruit for years do not know that
the apple and most other fruit trees
form fruit buds III the late ~Sllnuler
months.
In Very dry weather fruit hu0s arc
formed quite early and IN case 81 4
wet fall Immature fruit buds some
times change into leaf buds.
Most small fruits form thtil ff.t
buds in the spring.
A Missouri correspondent vft's.
i have been told to apply strong krf-
osene emulsion TO my apple trees -
ScaD. Is this better than B0rCeaAX
mixture?' No. Bordeaux miXtur" 9
effective but Kerosene is not. The
only way to- apply Bordeaux lnINtuTr
is ~ spraying 50 that every pa -
the tree IS covered. This caIlot fe
done with a SWah
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1912-10-01
MADE THING LIVELY.

At Twin Fans. idaho, a swarm OF
bees settled in the spout Of a stand
pipe at the water tank, and when the
fireman on the first train came along
and attempted to lower it there was
great excitementin the neighborhOod.
He was SO vigorously attacked that he
fed from the tender. the engineer was
driven from the cab, the brakemen
locked themselves in the caboose at
the rear end Of the train; the fireman
and sWitchman we're routed, but after
an hours fight with the bees a farmer
came along, turned q small stream
from a garden hose on Them quickly
cooped them into 4 box. put them
under his arm and went along home,
linen the train moved on.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1912-10-01
JUST HOESE-A\D MULES

1t IS cheaper TO buy good I.H~fs
than to pay the damages result IL
from a runaway.
Ihe hardest work any farm her-"
yer performed was to furnish power
Tor the ~old-fashioned horse-L44.ns
threshIng machine. The ~gasc.Ee
engine has stopped that spee.cs 81
cruelty.
II z mule is properly trained +.
Will not develop the kicking habit
any more than a horse Will. Nairs
nave a bad Maine on this score SIr1I"F
because they are not as Well bIct -
as horses are.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1912-10-01
WHEAT-HEAD ARMY WORM

worm might not originate in timothy
but be found beginning its depreda-
tons on some other crop. It's re-
preston, therefore. appears to be de-
pendent upon proper farm practice.
In cases OF serious infestation, as in
the present instance, when a farmers
crop is threatened by these worms,
and the land is in a condition to allow
it, he should pillow one or two deep
burrows across the line OF march OF
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1912-10-01
nv r. T.. J

Last year a great deal OF timothy
seed In the Northern States was de-
stroyed by the species Of army worm
known as the "Wheat-Head' worm.
The injury was most severe on hlgh
sandy soil, In every case investigated,
however it was found that the pest
had its origin in old timothy fields
that had been allowed to run four
years or more without being ploWed.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1912-10-01
AN UNUSUAL INDUSTRY.

From a start Of six head Of deer, an
Indiana farmer increased his flock to
seventy in fifteen years. The deer
raising proved quite profitable, the
FARMER selling several deer cach year.
n Venlson bringing 20 cents per
pound. He also nr:: Shipment 81
horns once 4 Y 'r'5< E}tt
their horns H. .-
they are SOLD
handles
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1912-10-01

Horse flesh is RAPIDLY hecomnc on.
OF tfie staple foods of France. accord
lhs 70 a recent estimating Of its CON
In the last decade this con-
has increased from eleven
3Ilhoh 20 thirty million pounds while
- number of cattle killed in 1910
: more than sixty thousand less
.e in 1900.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1912-10-01
E n rs

THAT PROTECT AND PAY
BOOKS ADVICE AND SEARCHES FREE
sead .keteh or T. odel ix Ieareh. hishest Re'eeEe1-
Best Results. ProEp.seas Assured.
WATSON E. COLEMAN. Patest la~y.r.
81. T. street. n. u. WOhtaStea. q G
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1912-09-26

tor told me to 60 to q hospital. I did
not like that idea very we'll, so, when I
saw your advertisement in q paper, I
wrote to you for advice, and have done az
you told me. / have taken Lydia e.
Pinkham's Vegetable Compound and
Liver Pills, and now I have my health.
"If sick and riling women would only
know enough to take your medicine, they
would get relief. Mrs. BENZ. II. STAINS
Berry, Route 6, Box 10, Upper Sandusky.
Ohio.
If you have mysterious pains, irregu-
larity, backache, extreme nervousness,
inflammation, liberation or displace-
ment, don't wait too long, but try Lydia
E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound now.
For thirty years Lydia f. Pinkham's
Vegetable Compound, made from roots
and herbs, has been the standard remedy
for. female ills, and such unquestionabls
testimony as the above proves the value
of this famous remedy and should give
every one confidence.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1912-09-26

Woodrow Wilson, on a recent visit
to Atlantic City. referred good humor.
eddy to his rather illegible handwrit.
Ing.
But my hand Is nothing he said.
ITO that of Horace Greeley.
Poor Greeley once quoted from
Shakespeare In n leading article, IT'S
true, It's pity, and pity it's. tbs true
This appeared the next day:
"Tis two. It's fifty. It's fifty. It's
fifty-two.'"
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1912-09-26
MISSOURI STATE NEWS
either Congress at Washinoton,

The first musical organization Of
Its kind in the United States, to be
known as the North American Either
Players association, and later changed
to the name The American Either
Verband," was launched at the beauti-
full Schwarzer Park in Washington re-
Gently. Ten states we're represented,
and delegates came from all parts of
the country. Hermann G. Grohe was
the temporary chairman, and Edw. G.
Busch of the Washington Commercial
club made the address Of welcome. A
permanent organization was effected
with A. w. Schepp, Of Kansas City,
president and +. w. Mehl, also Of
Kansas City, secretary. The next
meeting will be held at Davenport,
Ia, in 1913, but the exact date will be
selected by the officers.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1912-09-26
FOREIGN BELIEFS ARE QUEER
Spanish Wedding 10 Ruined II Ono
Person Appears Entirely In Black
Some Other signs.

In Spain the wedding is spoiled II
one Of the guests appears entirely In
black, or II the bride looks into a
mirror after orange blossoms and veil
are fast In her %headdress.
When a persons hair ends split, It's
taken by the superstitious for a sign
that she b either a witch or has been
bewitched. AS blond hair splits more
readily than dark hair, all witches,
spirits and sorceresses have blond or
red hair, according to popular belief.
Likewise, according to the standard OF
art.
On the marriage eve there Is often
much g~ood-natured rivalry between
the groom and the bride In the Slav
countries as to who shall blow out
the candle, for the person who does
will be first to die" 1t Is impossible
to trace the origin OF this superstition,
yet It prevails in aristocratic society
as well as In the peasants hut. even
as like this, that ito insure the life
and health of the children" tho wom-
an must occupy the right side Of the
bed. In addition, she must not smoke
before her f%orty-ffth year.
There is a superstition In this coun.
try and many others against burning
a broom. The bud of birch broom Is
used In Southern Germany AZ a pre-
ventive against erysipelas. These
other articles are enclosed in a PINK
SILK bag. secured with red silk and
worn on the back Of the neck. The
person must change his shirt every
Friday.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1912-09-26
MINIS THANKSGIVING
She Had Something important
on Her Mind.
BY DONALD ALLEN,

III I was a. CYL wouldn't 60
walking too far" said old Uncle Rob.
ert as a girl Of 20 passed him on her
way down to the gate Of the farm.
house.
And why not?' she asked as she
almost came to a pause.
We'll, according to my ideas, it's
going to rain and snow and blow and
hail, and when the storm does break
she's going to be / buster. You live
in the city and don't know anything
about the storms we have out here.
I've seen 1t when VIC didn't have a
train along for four straight days"
Il wanted to 60 to the postoflce to
mail a letter"
IT'S three miles there and back.
and If | was you Id put 1t of. Meb-
be somebodym bo passing that you
can send by. To-morrer's Thanks
giving you know, and we are going
to have the awfulest, biggest, incest
dinner anybody ever set down to. It's
In your honor, you know. ThereM be
a turkey, a duck and a chicken:
therell be cranberry sass. pumpkin
pies, currant iell, sweet cider and
apple dumplin's: therell be-"
Il think I'll just walk a little ways.
anyhow" said the girl as she opened
the gate and passed down the high
way towards the village and the rail.
road depot.
And If you come home as wet as
a hen don't say ! didn't warn ye. It's
going to come. and it's going to be a
buster"
Half an hour later, a middle-aged
woman. with a motherly face and
voice came out on the steps and
asked:
PA. do you reckon it's goin' to
Storm"
Sure as ducks"
where's Minnie?"
"Oh, shes gone for a starter. l
give her warning. What's she
wantin' to mail a letter for? hain't
mailed a letter nor got one in 20
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1912-09-26

81 Think III Just Walk q Little Ways"
years, and l guess I'm about as well
of as most folks. | was going to ask
her but forgot It,"
Don't you ask her n word about
It," cautioned the wife as she came
down to him. II guess Minnie's got
something on her mind. but It hain't
none CT your business. l reckon
she'll tell me when she gets ready.
Leastwise. | hain't goin' to do any
pumping"
Something on her mind, eh!
That's funny. Didn't know that girls
ever had anything on their minds ex.
cept new clothes, Is that why she
como visiting US all OF a sudden?"
None O. your business! I guess
my " sisters daughter can come
and see me any time she takes a no
ton. and that without writing ahead.
What's on her mind. as nigh as |
can make out, Is about a young man.
II ] don't tell you you'll worry the
shirt of your back. Pa, you've got
to be as poky as an old maid. You
can't see a pillar.case Hopping on the
clothes line but what you want TO
know all about It. Yes; it's about a
young man. They are engaged, and
they've had a falling out, and she's
sorter run away from him to find out
n he really cares for her"
"And she's got scared about II ana
has written him n letter to tell
where she is?" queried the husband.
go on! It's probably a letter to
her ma, though ! didn't see 1t nor
ask. ! hope she didn't start for
town. It's going to storm for sure.
and there hain't but one house on the
road where she could find shelter.
Look down the road and see II you
can see her"
Cant see hide nor hair of n
girl" reported Uncle Robert after
going out to the highway and taking
Z look.