davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1912-06-21

B. Miss Burch Marie kuckner of Oska-
loosa is spending week with her sis
for Mrs R. L. Porter of 1920 4th Street
Place.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1912-06-21
Would Seem %,

Crawford DO the rich know how
The other half live?
g. Crahshaw-Afterr taking their money
from them they must be able 70 rorn
some idea OF how they are compelled
70 llTes-puck. "a s Al @45
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1912-06-21

A sprained ankle may as rule be
cured in from three to four days by
applying Chamberlain s Liniment and
observing the directions with each bot
tie, For sale hv all dealers. GSy& ss3
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1912-06-21

! At recent meeting of the Trinity
Aid Society at the residence of Mrs.
VIM. Mathews the subject of class
meetings and class leaders was dis
cussed by Mrs. R. N. Hyde, and Mrs.
i. M. Jones was elected to member
ship. Next meeting with the presi-
dent at 10S Fifth street, next Monday
evening
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1912-06-21

There is no need Of anyone being
troubled with constipation. Chamber
lain's Tablets will cause an agreeable
movement of the bowels without any
unpleasant effect. Give them a trial.
For sale kv all dealers.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1912-06-21

urs Will Small, from Buxton, left
last week for her hcme alter two
wasks' visit with Mrs. c. s. Carey.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1912-06-21

Mr. Bert Davis of Superior, Wis, is
,ere visiting her mother, Mrs. j. W..
rsmnhell, 1926 Fifteenth street.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1912-06-21

Mr. Will Tomlin left for Chicago,
Ill.,, to attend the great Republican
convention.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1912-06-21

urs J B. Rush was called to the
bed side Of her mother Mrs. Duraeh'
of Topeka, kans.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1912-06-21

w G., Coleman of Oskaloosa was
s.,o guest of Mr.. and Mrs. E. l.. Green
for a few days.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1912-06-21
CITY NEWS.

yiss Lillian Neal, of this city, is
visiting her home and parents in De-
catur City, Iowa.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1912-06-21
eoRlNTHIAN BAPTIST CHURCH
ANNOUNCEMENT

Sunday June 23.
( 1o;5o a. m. PASTORS subject "The
Dove and the Serpant,'
= m. Sunday School. Reports from
delegates to convention,
$50 p. m. B. Y.P. u.
,.s ''So p. m. Subject spirit Filled.''
T. L. Griffith, PASTOR.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24

II tina ~ months
YV1 yn
give va
vim
tie mania OF &C
and b.
know Of i oub
ii
fJ@usn
and YET nna emit a ~
uulfne
Is the
mdivdua IAN t 4 the
the eMs
dasa are
uenn o Of
kt
AXE
perfection > SEEK OF
In the o. the
have In the
the pleasant dhpro
beautiful
and .
Mount
o the
JeMswa all
o ea hhn
quicker
dna
hg nd
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24

Editor The Star. With the great
est interest read the article In
The Seattle Star OF December 10th
pertaining TO the experiments made
BY DIR. Iittlefieid with certain ele-
mentary substances and his sue
cess In creating life artifscially.
Dr. Littlcfield IL Justly entitled 70
a great deal OF credit for his re-
search I'm the field OF biology. psy.
choiogy and metaphysics. and
should receive the strongest sup.
port for further experiments.
However. his statement that
Science viii be able 10 create
even human life when carried out
that the doctor Is yet quite ignor.
ant OF the origin Of life, or rather
tho behavior OF life substance
which permeates the universe II
scientists should succeed In Great
ing human life. then the existence
OF n supreme being. a creator OF
all things. must be questioned. and
II can safely be predicted that In
case DIR. Littlefield should adhere
10 his theory his experiments will
soon prove TO be a dismal failure.
II Is further stated as follows: His
discoveries are that life can result
from the grouping OF inorganic
matter. inanimate objects, lIfelcss
substances"
Permit me to state that there Ia
no trace OF lifeless substance IN the
universe. DR. Littlefield should
never lose sight OF the fact that In
the great division OF life substance
there is nature peculiar TO each
element or molecule, and each OF
the qualities OF life substance com.
prising the molecule or element, has
a nature 10 itself. and still further,
all the molecular compounds. that
IL, all compound substance, arising
from elements. of which there Is an
endless variety, have each a nature
peculiar to itself. These natures, or
life behavior. are not independent
not absolute. except In the highest
or supreme division OF iife--but are
inter-dependcnt.
| sincerely trust that the doctor
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24

During the eleven years that have lived IN TINS gu,
have never joyous throng OF piano puy.is
than those who have been crowing Salesoons lns
and last week buying their Christmas pianos at our ray
tory Cut Prices
Both myself and Factories in the East are deel",
sensible OF the great confidence the Seattle piano ouys
public has reposed in and going 10 continue
prove thoroughly worthy of your great trust.
1t will never be our fault ii any OF our cuSonls'
IS ever dissatisfied Our purpose above eveisu..
else is to have every in books represent $500
fled customer, and shall leave Stone untuneu y
accomplish this desirable end
We have saved large of money to the piano puy
ers, and shall continue to sell the best pianos s
player pianos in America at direct Factory TO HONG p
and on the very easiest monthly payment plan we ~
looking forward to continued growth OF our piano p'
in Seattle.
WE WISH YOU A MERRY CHRISTMAS AND =
HAPPY AND PROSPEROUS NEW YEAR *.
Yours very truly, N
s.o NATIONAL PIANO MANUFACTURERS
Wo BY d. W. THOMAS.
1923 Third Av., Near Marion ST. General Manags'
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24
WHAT AS TO BLEASE?

What are they going do about Bease9 rs governor
of South Carolina Bease gets up in that splendid meeting
OF splendid governors and declares he viii not enforce e
laws in respect of lynchings. - -.
The newspapers point the finger OF at Blease The
preachers pound at ease Those perfectly nice governors
when they get of reach OF Blease, advise ms I'M
parchment But Blease goes home gets reelected when ne
likes and promises attend the next meet OF governors WIN
some more original ideas on how South Carolina
II would be shame to mar those annual meets
of the They have been perfect now OF 'eA
and flood of soul Very few associations of limited mem
bershp encourage brewing and other home INDUS
tries and to faint them with Blease deporable sun now
are they going 10 bar ont Bease? fellow who believes in
roasting alive human beings isn't going TO SIT back and wait
for special invitations and the pable alternative OF having
Bease the gubernaorial midst abandoning the meet
ings seems present itself
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24
TAYLOR-TRIMMER

Speaker Taylors promised defeat for reelection we'll
Taylor has been OF nest little trimmers
in politics and it looks though he has trimmed him
cell He trimmed against King countys interests while
he speaker OF the last session he trimmed against labor
legislation progressive legislation and he trimmed when
he got chance.
lie voted for every injurious amendment to the direct
legislation and labor bills and then, the showdown
the for the final passage OF the bshc voted for them
Taylor trimmed.
The constitution makes il mandatory reappor-
ton legislative representation every 10 years. accordance
with population King county would have gained four
representatives, and three senators by reapporonment
But Taylor held up till the last OF the session
and blocked it.
King county nothing Taylor. He didn't even
recognize his county committee assignments in the
last session In fact King county knowing Taylor for the
trimmer he has been, should lead in repudatng him
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24
BROTHERS MEET
AFTER % YEARS

Bob Shaw Of Portland and Bill
Shaw OF SauIt Ste. Marie, Mich.
will see each other for the first time
IN z2 years when they reach Sc.
attic today to spend Christmas with
their three brothers. Harry Shaw.
. Columbia druggist: Frank shaw.
3 timberman. and Fred Shaw, a bar
Der shop proprietor. The Shaw fam
fly will celebrate with an auto ride.
. Christmas eve dinner and seats
1t The Blue Bird
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24
VALE HELPS EN- ON
PARCEL POST RULES

~ w. Vale. superintendent Of
railway mail for the district includ.
Ing Washington, Idaho and Mon
tano, returned Monday night from
Washington. ID. c.. where he has
been attending conference OF the
committee called by Postmaster
General Hitchcock to make prepare
tons for the parcel post which goes
into eject January 1.
fffty-one recommendation con.
corning installation OF the parcel
post we're submitted TO the post.
master general by the conference.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24

viii never for one moment forget
that the elements with which he Is
experimenting are not lifciess and
the life cell which he created
brought with Il from the molecuie
all OF its seven fixed natures Of life
substance, spirit substance included.
Respectfully.
q. l.. TANZER.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24
MISS STELLA BuDKA

Cleveland, spelled ". fzydor-
czyk's name wrong in forging
checks and was caught. She
got in most Of the rs but be-
came nervous and omitted
some OF the US, poor thingl
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24
NOTHING SERIOUS
ONE YEAR AGO

~. T.. ChllbeFm. who was preni'
dent of the A..Y.P ~. win prob.
ably become candidate for the
mayoraity On the hocailed harmony
ticket"
Franklin high school students
wAnt Harry Anderson ralnstatcd as
nuporintendent OF Collins piayfleid.
A small fire occurred at Dream
Land pavilion. IL is thought TWO
men, elected aariy In the evening.
started the blaze.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24

THEY'E selling "a doll that
the baby can't break" We've
tried that kind and the baby
didn't break it. Baby ate it.
Wonderful how patient and
persistent a mere babe will be-
come when it finds il can't
smash thingsI Ever notice it,
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24
WOODROW saws that 81,

WOODKOW Says that since
he quit college and got
into politics he finds an in
creased temptation to profan-
ity. After he's tackled that
increase thoroughly. we'd dear
ly love TO sec him try the
newspaper business.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24

ANY nominations for the
Job OF being honored with
those Utah and Vermont cleo
toral votess
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24
FIVE YEARS AGO

- y - = = = = = : : '" :
Wnrkmnn on the Seattle Athletic
club building have declared a strike.
Fully COO children enjoyed the
ante Christmas entertainment civ
en- By MrM. Alexander Pantagea In
the Lois theatre.
Turkey IL 25c a pound.
Stakeholder In San Francisco
are handing the money over to the
men xho bet that Roosevelt tthe
ax-presldenil would carry Cali
fornla. We'd like to know bow the
shareholders found out who carried
u.
Speaking Of the eternal fitness OF
some names, Richard Nutty has
been elected a member Of the uni
vcrsity OF Pennsylvania football
committee.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24

TERRE HAUTE POST
threatens to go joy-riding be-
cause the franchise hogs got a
grant OF 40 years instead of
forever.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24

Miss Stella Budka, Cleveland.
spelled w. izydorczyk's name wrong
In forging checks and was caught.
She got In most of the rs but be-
came nervous and omitted some of
the US. poor thingl
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24
She Got Hers.

my wife explored my pockets
last night"
What did she get7"
"Oh. what an explorer usually
gets enough material for lee
ture."
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24

know it," Hal maybe that's
why those Washington jour
nalists usually have crumbs in
their whiskersl
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24
CABLEGRAMS saw tina,

whole Grecian peace delegation
at London is busy dcciphcr-
ing dispatches" Busys Just
crazy. with Greece trying TO
lick Turkey all by herself.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24
DAYS BEST STORY

Il think ! saw your Htilw pot
chewing tobacco as ! came In the
gate"
yea. that was Johnny."
Mercy DO you permit him to
chew
Well. you see. that was an al
most nsw plug OF tobacco bis faith
or left when he died. an Il seemed
a ain to waste it."--Housson Post
Familiar Newspaper Stories
Charges Of cruelty and incompe
l.ncy are made.
Mgsdlrected energy:
Talking about universal peace
and then building more baitleAhips.
Telling your wife. in the first
week OF your married IRE. inst
you're handy AZ making repairs
around the house.
Trying 10 en-; your own hair.
she--And In what way is man su'
prrior 10 woman7
He-well. he doesn't have 20 call
In ono OF the nelghbors TO tasien
hlH vest up the back.
Never mind about the guy who
put "ogres" IN progressive, the deep
question ls Who put the rolling RS
in Tumf
A Long Jolt
Bert Long had an upset. Fri
day night. near the elevator
Tri-Statc News.
A mathematical genius has fix
urcd that gs.sfs.o0o soap bubbler
can be made from pound OF soap.
put he hasn't figured how TO buy
as worth OF Christmas presents on
five spot
X p.-ff YOU must bus him
necktie. try uitramarine blue.
Ole ri Rar says. TIL mean
eat cugs he's heard OF Is Ute
Holden. 'cause he told hts wife
he'd bring suit for slimony u
she asked for q Christmas pres
ent.
Mike Robe what's your favoritc
sonEs
ia A. sIuy-"where the Roller
Towel Rolls"
synonym for John o.
Lewis Musser and ID. 7. McEwen
! havs finished the well for Clarence
Potter and II is reported mum
dinrer Depot Observer.
Attention Is being called to the
fact that there are only seven bed
rooms In the White House. Which
IA a very small number when there
is president like w. II. t.
auIs folks are quite prominent
people, aren't theyy
"Yes. but respectable
When n number OF women get
To talking. one realizes how much
the papers suppress.
Kansas City has chased Santa
Claus off the streets. Now II his
rotundity were reduced. he wouldn't
remind us so much OF the high cost
OF living.
Only an Anarias.
Does Longbow ever tell the
TRUTH"
"Wcll. caught him in the truth
once. but he tried to lie out OF It,"
A Cold Master.
Roy Afford has gone up north OF
Ann Arbor TO work for the winter
---vedder Cor. Milan Leader.
His Dry Wit.
Papa. what Ia a barette?'
"A barette. my son, Is a place
where they dispense soft drinks
Looked the Part.
"Biily's wife has a beautiful new
plume for her hat
Il thought SO. Just met Bill"
did he tell you about IT."
mo. but he looked AZ II he had
just been piucked."
This Day In History.
Only one more shopping night TIL
Christmas.
Miss Stella Budka, Cleveland,
spelled w. Izydorczyk's name wrong
In forging checks and was caught
She got In most of the us but be-
came nervous and omitted some of
the US. poor thingl
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24
MADELINE ALBERs. girl

who charges betrayal by a
Cincinnati millionaire banker,
is going in for revenge by
naming her child after the
banker. The lady's originality
doesn't appeal TO Cincinnati
banking circles hardly any.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24

BANDITS have blown up
the Wells-Fargo at Pira, Cal.
Everybody's doing it.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24

Miss Cutting iIintz tried 10
make game OF me at the musicale
last night
That's nothing. She often
makes me quail
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24

HERE'S chance for Uncle
Sam to put his face behind his
hand and grin. Bulgaria sug
gests that he be umpire be-
cause he's a party OF culture
Whoopcel
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24

A horse. which took a notion TO
take a nap. created considerable ex-
element az the Keller store corner
this afternoon. The feeble old anil
NAL rolled over and refused to get
up for the veterinary who was called
20 the scene. The owner OF the in-
firm beast OF burden whispered
something In It's ear and n imme-
diatciy arose with a pleased look on
liz face--kendaivilie. Ind, News
Sun.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24
LOS ANGELES PREACHER CINCERS
UP HIS SERVICE WITH NEW SONGS
he TAKES WIRELESS oesgRv ATOMS IN HIS NOTE
EARTN cusrOMs

tnaed prewst
2t"Pucker = Sun.
day night Central church.
he Rev pastor. everybody In" on
the congregational praise service.
WHISTLE he advised his congregation last night
DO something. and make II strong"
When for the evening Offering arrived DR. Kramer
the when the Roll II Called
Up plates the Justify
when the offering Is taken
taken
the offering Is taken I'll be there"
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24

HEAT prostration in South
ern and mad dog scare in
Northern California. Cheer
up. We Eastcrnersl
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24

France exported $4,000 900
worth Of autos In the first half OF
1919.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24

81 AM sincerely CRATE
iii full to the good peo-
pie OF Seattle for
Il the tremendous pat.
ronage you have al
so generously accorded
the National Piano Man
ufacturers' Salesrooms AZ
1913 Third av, near
Marion.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24

"Billy's wife has a beautiful new
plume for her hat
Il thought SO. Just met Bill"
did he tell You about IT."
''No. but he looked AZ II he had
Just been plucked."
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24

Arnold BENEFITS book Is out.
your United States" Dedicated
to John ID. Rockefeller?
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24
SPOKANE PRESS editor

announces ANY time YOU
think you are fooling widow
you are in her trap and nib
bling at her cheese and don't
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24

The man who borrows trouble
pays the heaviest interest.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24
This Day In History

Only one more shopping night TIL
Christmas.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24

Rube Marauard now has valet
But what Rubo really needs In a
guardian.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24

JOSH WISE
SAYS.

Several Of our
citfxcns have
sworn 10 let their
wisiskers gro W
Until TAFT qiss re-
elected, an neck
tie drummers are
oompIainln' bitter
iy o. tn death
blow 10 their In
dussry."
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24
% You ever believe III

90 You Ever Believe 1T
1--WE had terrible day. How
dread shopping"
II hope IL doesn't get so cold this
winter that have to wear my FUR
coat. | hate a fur coat"
"Td rather DO the work myself
than 10 bother with a maid
George wanted ms TO buy a
more expensive one. but !
wouldn't"
"a roll Is good for the figure. F"
says beauty doctor. But not a
bank roll.
MisdIrected energy
Giving a surprise party.
Going to a surprise party.
Joining the national guard.
The national guard.
Arguing with deaf man.
Giving a letter TO your husband
to mail.
A Kansas City church boasts
that 400 matches we're made by
Its matrimonial bureau But
what we'd like TO know In. how
many OF the 500 go TO that
church nowy
Judge Archibald" said q lawyer.
testifying before the senate. has
been and Is now held In the highest
respect by the people Of Scranton"
That shows but what do we eareg
We don't live In Scranton.
Arnold Bennett's book Is out.
your United States" Dedicated
to John ID. Rockefeller?
Rube Marauard now has a valet
But what Rubo really needs In a
guardian.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24

"a roll Is good for the figure. F"
says beauty doctor. But not a
bank roll.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24
His Dry Wit.

Papa. what Is a barette?"
"A barette. my son, Is a place
where they dispense soft drinks"
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1912-12-24

u not strange that YOU, who toll ana say
find yourself overwhelmed with this lncon
give things away instead Of keeping them
Is IL not strange that your friends at
the whole eash, are no longer "demenied
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1912-07-02

FON EN ~ VEAL
Los Angeles, July 2.-Time,
three years ago. Place, AL Greene
wald's cigar store on Spring
street.
Enter little stocky Mexican
boy wearing dirty, frayed gray
sweater.
Inside stood Uncle Tom Nc
Carey, fight promoter, pulling his
mustache fercely. Itwas the day
before a boxing contest at the old
Maud Junction pavilion and one
of the principals had failed to
show up.
Max Weber, a sturdy feather
weight, was billed to appear in a
twenty-round contest and his op-
ponent had disappeared.
Where can get a good boy to
go on with Weber," raved Nc
Carey, as he did much business of
walking up and down.
The. little stocky Mexican lad
tugged at McCarey's sleeve and,
pulling off his ragged cap, smiled
ingratiatingly.
81 will take him on, Senior Nc
Carey"
='Who in Sam Hill are your"
snapped McCarey, looking at the
little ragged figure.
81 am Jose Rivers, a very
strong boy and good fighter an
swered the Mexican lad.
Two fight fans who were pres
ent told what they had seen the |
little Mexican do in street scraps |
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1912-07-02

want?''i asked McCarey, turning
to face the Mexican boy
The latter hesitated a few mo-
ments and then blurted out that
ne did not have car fare to go out
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1912-07-02

well show up tomorrow at
least half-hour before the con-
test so we will be sure you are
on hand" and McCarey started
away. =
Again there was a little Mex
lean lad tugging at his sleeve. I
well, now what do you
The herald., 1912-04-25
CHANGES OF RESIDENCE.
Many Voters Will Apply For Residen.
tial Change On Rolls Before
Primary Day Is Fixed.

To fix the date before which a voter
must have moved in order to change
his place of residence on the registra-
ton rolls, Encouragement Guion may
be called upon to decide.
The registration office opened again,
and will remain open until thirty days
preceding the next election. Accord
ing to the law no changes of party af-
filiation can be made now, as they
must be made six months preceding a
primary election to be valid in that
election. Chief Clerk n. S. Hoskins,
in the registration Office, gave instruc-
tons to the clerks not to receive any
applications for change of party affili-
alton. He was then about to issue in
structions in regard to transfers of
residences on the rolls when he found
he had knotty problem to solve, and
decided he would put it up to Registrar
of Voters Leche, who may find it ne
cessary to ask the Encouragement for
a ruling.