davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1912-03-06
White Town School.

Ihave been thinking about writ
ing from our school for long time.
/ have been reading so many nice
letters from other Schools I thought
/ would write, too.
Mr.. Minis, / think it so nice of
you to print all of our letters. When
the paper comes / look for the
school letters first. This is splen-
did. way to encourage reading in
school children. When we begin
to read these letters we read nearly
everything in the paper, and this is
30 improving to us. We thank you
SO much for the opportunity.
How many schools tried for the
prizes offered by the W. G. T. U.
for the best essays on the subject,
"Why all This Agitation About Al
cohol?" and is the Cigarette Smok-
er Safer" twenty-five in our
school attempted to write on these
subjects, and would be so delighted
if one of us should win a prize. We
are anxiously awaiting the decision
of the committee, and shall watch
She paper.
We all have wonderful advan-
tages in education these days, COM
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1912-03-06

pared to what our parents had. For
instance, they had only three or
four NOR ths term at best. and had
log cabin schoolhouses with crude,
homemade desks and benches. Now
we have good school building well
equipped with individual patent
desks, other comforts and a good
library. Let us appreciate these
advantages and make use of these
golden opportunities, ere it is too
late. Our motto last Friday morn
ing was: Education is to the hu-
man soul, what sculpture is to a
block of marble" Our teacher
gave us good little talk explain
ing the meaning of these lines, and
it made an impression on some Of
US. Just think of the meaning and,
how education beauties the soul!
One of our large girls wrote a
composition on English Grammar"
and brought in this quotation 80
nicely. Am sure she, too, was i'm
pressed by the beauty of its mean
ing. Now Mr.. Minis, some of US
are studying very hard as you may
Judge from our honor roll, but not
so hard that we can't find few
minutes in which to write a few
lines for the paper.
l noticed in last weeks paper that
there will be an educational rally
at the s. G. G. 1. April 10th. Our
teachers are already making plans
to attend and get as many of us to
go as possible. Think this will be
very pleasant and beneficial. Look
for us.
Rally Holidays name should
have appeared on the honor roll last
week, he having made an average
of 90. This was a mistake and not
We are very sorry Mr.. John
Wallis children are debarred from
school on account of measles.
We understand eight of the fami-
ly are in bed with it now. They
have the sympathy of the entire
community, but few can visit them
as very few in this community have
had it.
We are glad to report Mrs. Ann
Prince better after a serious illness.
My teacher and l spent a while
very pleasantly with her one after
noon last week.
Mrs. Pick White has been suffer
ing from an attack of liberated sore
throat. We are glad she is conva-
lescing.
Mr.. Wash Hamilton is able to be
out again, but will not be able to
resume his Sunday school work un-
til spring.
Walter Rearden.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1912-03-06
Glorious News

comes from DR.. ]. T. Curtiss,
Dwight, Kan. He writes: Il not
only have cured bad cases of ecze
ma in my patients with Electric
Bitters, but also cured myself by
them of the same disease. I feel
sure they will benefit any case of
eczema" This shows what thou
sands have proved, that Electric
Bitters is most effective blood pu-
rifier. Its an excellent remedy for
eczema, letter, salt rheum, ulcers,
boils and running sores. 1t stimu.
lates liver, kidneys and bowels, ex.
pels poisons, helps digestion, builds
up the strength. Price so cts. Salts
faction guaranteed by Penn 6 Hol-
stein, w E Lynch 6 Co.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1912-03-06
Mrs. Florence Ewell Atkins in
Edgefield.

On Thursday morning Mrs. Flor
ence Ewell Atkins came over to
Edgefeld from Graniteville where
she had addressed an enthusiastic,
public meeting under the direction
of Deaconess Sands of the Episco-
pal mission at Hickman Hall on
Wednesday evening. While IN
Graniteyille she was. the guest Of
Rev. and Mrs. Graves l.. Knight o.
the Baptist church. She capei
over to Edgefeld for rest, but she
did not find it, for Immediately on
her arrival she was informed that a
meeting of ladies had been ar
ranged for her at the home of Mrs.
B. B. Jones on Main Street. 7
Mrs. Atkins was equal to the oc-
casion, however, and charmed ev-
cry one of the parlor full of ladies
who were present. They were fair
ly captivated by her beauty and
wit, pathos and consecrated enthu-
siasm for a great and holy cause.
Mrs. Atkins is an example of the
infinite power of a cultured and
beautiful woman whose heart is
fixed on a noble and altruistic call
ing. At this meeting at Mrs. Jones'
home, seven new members were Sc
cured for the Edgefeld union.
Mrs. Jones very kindly served a
light, but refreshing course as the
ladies were leaving for their
homes.
So much pleased were those of
the ladies present from the college,
that Mrs. Atkins was invited to go
over in the afternoon and address
the students. This she did, and
we doubt not, in the hearts of those
young people who heard her, there
is a picture which will never be
forgotten, not only of her winsome
face, but of a lofty purpose, and in
spiration for future greatness. Mrs.
Atkins left on Sunday morning for
Langley under the supervision of
Mrs. Charles Aiken Holley of the
Methodist mission.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1912-03-06
PARKSVILLE LETTER.
CONTINUED from page ~

town, about which the patriarch
Uncle Iv, wrote some time age
being half Morgan. We pull our
hat to Morgantown.
The ladies of Plum Branch, Parks
vile and Clark's Hill are making
preparations to entertain Miss Sha'
ner at Plum Branch on March 10th,
at Psrksville on the 10th and al
Clark's Hill on the 11th.
Mr.. Warren Stone and Mr.. Mar
shall Garrett paid the family OF
Mr.. J. IL. Minor visit last Satur.
day. Mr.. Minor, who lived among
us two years has moved back to his
Liberty Hill plantation.
More Anon.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1912-03-06
LARGEST CIRCULATION IN
EDGEFIELD COUNTY.
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 1912
The man who lives in vain, lives
worse than in vain. He who lives to
no purpose, lives to bad purpose
EEVINS.
Court of General Sessions.

The spring term of the court of
general sessions cow ened Monday.
Tie charge of the presiding Judge,
Hon. George E. Prince, to the grand
iary was asexceedingly able and force
fal. After laying due stress upon
the obligations and responsibilities
tSat rest upon a grand juror, the
laatter of properly inspecting and
Investigating the county offices was
next taken up. Judge Prince spoke
In detail of the duties of the county
supervisor and superintendent of
education. He said that in most
counties the salaries paid these men
is too small. He charged the grand
Jury as to their duty concerning the
public schools. teachers and trus-
tees. Judge Prince stated that lady
teachers should be placed in charge
Of the primary classes but that men
should be employed for advanced
pupils. He also spoke somewhat in
detail of the duties of magistrates.
There being some delay in having
the grand jury pass upon the indict-
ments no jury case was taken up un-
til Tuesday morning. The following
indictments were passed upon by
the. grand jury:
IL Reynolds, malicious mischief,
true bill.
Wilbert Padgett, murder, true
bill.
Arthur Moore and Arthur Lem
becker. malicious mischief, no bill.
Geo. Reynold, obstructing public
highway, no bill.
Brooks Murrell, shooting in duel
ling house, true bill.
w Coursey, violating dispense
~ law, true bill.
William Rearden, murder, true
bill.
Frank Oliphant, house breaking,
larceny and arson, true bill.
Policeman ] M Edison was
placed on trial Tuesday morning
for killing George Forge in the
town of Edgefeld on the night of
the S0th of November. A verdict of
not guilty" was rendered in few
minutes after the jury retired. The
State was represented by Solicitor
Geo. Bell Zimmerman and the de-
fendant by Messrs. Thurmond d
Nicholson.
In the case of Wilbert Padgett,
indicted for killing Alex Jones in
the town of Johnston on the first
of January, a consent verdict of
guilty with recommendation to the
mercy of the court was entered, the
sentence being life Imprisonment in
the penitentiary.
The court is engaged this morn
ing with the trial of Mr.. ] L Rey-
nolds who is charged with mali
,cious ischief.
The grand jury will make its for
NAL presentment to the court this
afternoon.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1912-03-06
Nineteen Miles a Second

without jar, shock or disturb
ance, is the awful speed of our
earth through space. We wonder
at such ease of natures movement,
and so do those who take DR..
Kings New Life Pills. No gripping,
no distress, just thorough work
that brings good health and fine
feelings. 25c at Penn & Holstein's
w E Lynch & Go.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1912-03-06
Seed Which Succeed.

Seed purchasing is a matter of
confidence. We ask your confidence
in Landreth's seed which have stood
the test for 1913 years. We solicit
your orders for garden and flower
seed. You cannot do better than buy
Landreth's seed.
w 2 T,rnob g. n
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1912-03-06

Entered as second class matter at
tie postoffice at Edgefield, S. G.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1912-03-06

Published every Wednesday in The
Advertiser Building at $1.5O per year
III advance.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1912-03-06

Cards of Thanks, Obituaries, Resolu-
tiQns and Political Notices published at
advertising rates.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1912-03-06

No communications will be published
gaess accompanied by the writer's
mme.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1912-03-06

Seeing 80 many notices from 9th
er schools, / will say a few word
from ours.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1912-03-06

w. E. Lynch 6 Co.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1912-07-23
JUMPS INTO RIVER
IN FIT OF REM0RsE
Sixteen-Year-Old Girl Com
mits Suicide Near Morgan
town, West Virginia.
BY International News Service.

BY International News Service.
PITTSBUEG, July Bile
Mount Chateau the mountain resort near
Morgantown, w. Va, awoke this morn
Ing to the biggest sensa ton the exclusive
little villa ever has experienced. Miss
Nellie Hughes, the 16-year-old daughter
Of Mr.. and Mrs. Thomas II Hughes of
Monessen, walked from a vacant cottage
and after removing her, shoes, jumped
into tine river a number of men cot
tagers who were fishing near. tried to
rescue the girl, but she was swept out
from shore by the swift current and car
ried over the dam. Her body was re-
covered two hours later.
When the girls mother was notified
she collapsed and was taken TO the hos
pitaL Late last night Miss Hughes was
young man. They went toward a
vacant cottage from which they emerged
this morning. Whether the girl was
drugged and kept there all night or
whether she went willingly Is not known.
The coroners physician intImates he has
found nothing In the girls stomach to
justify the drug theory
Nellie Hughes was pretty and bore a
good reputation. She had been one OF the
popular girls OF the cottage social life
this season. She was stopping at the
cottage of her sister. Mrs James Rauh
The police have sought In vain all day
TO establish the identity OF the young
man who was with Miss Hughes last
night
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1912-07-23
MRS. RENA B. MORROW
WILL SUE FOR ISLANDER
.v International News ServIce

BY international News Service.
CHICAGO. July 22.-Exonerated OF the
charge OF numbering her husband. Charles
y, Morrow. Mrs. Rena B. Morrow. the
prominent south side club woman. Is pre-
pairing to file SANDER suits against her
stepson. DR.. Arthur Morrow OF Hlnsdale,
and Henry Gilmore, former roomer in
her home. In each case, according to
her counsel, Mrs. Morrow will ask $780,
900 damages, and the action will be
brought In tort, so that IL judgment Is
granted and payment Is not made. the
defendants may be committed to Jail, The
action against DR.. Morrow is to be based
on slanderous statements he Is alleged
to have made outside the courtroom both
before and during the Morrow trial. The
suit against Gilmore will be based on
his alleged defamation of Mrs. Morrow'e
character at the preliminary hearing In
the Hyde Park police court,
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1912-07-23

You haven't gained full knowl-
edge Of what the world Of business
has In store for the alert and the
capable until you make study Of
the Want offerings from day to day.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1912-07-23
|RD TICKET WILL
IN THE FIELD

AGO July 22.-nlinois politics
cec'ared by Roosevelt leaders to
poen much cleared" by Governor
announcement today that he
NOT adhere TO tho third party
,oht IN the coming presidential
Aen' but that he would support
lent Taft.
'no hoeis Of Governor Deneen's
ont given to a committee which
<o springfield TO question him, SEN
(Cont1pued On Page Three1
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1912-07-23
Quiet at MADEIRA,

CONTINUED on Page Two.)
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1912-07-23

Continued on Page Two.>
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1912-07-23

Continued on Page Two.)
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1912-07-23
Gaynor Orders Police to
Work With District Attor-
ney Instead of Chiefs.
Ry International News Service.

BY international News Service,
n rEW YORK, July 22.-Hour by
nj hour today facts which point
VI to direct collusion between
members of the police force and
the men who killed Gambler Herman
Rosenthul became more strongly out
lined Where once the highest Off
cials Of the police department secuted
such an idea. now they refuse to make
statement, even to offer a defense for
the officials alleged to be involved.
Mayor Gaynor, angered by the fric-
tion between the state and city forces,
ordered the police to cooperate with
District Attorney Whitman in running
down the murderers. Following this
order from the mayor, Lieutenant
Becker was removed from the lender
ship of squad No. l, known as 'fthe
strong-arm squad, - and assigned to
desk duty in the Bathgatc station in
the Bronx.
Slayers Still at Large.
Despite tho five arrests which have
been made in connection with. the as
sassination of Gambler Rosenthal,
the two men who, by all the evidence
on hand, are most closely linked with
the actual pulling of the triggers
which sent the "squealer' into;
eternity. have not been arrested or
even, sought by the police. ''Big
jack zelig, gun fighter and gang
leader, out on bail on another gun
charge, and said by newsboy wit
nesses to have been present in front
of the Metropole, and 'Lefty' Louis,
pickpocket with a police record,
known to have done CROUCH stuff for
Zelig on previous occasions, have not
beeen arrested.
Besides these. Harry Yallon, who is
a former partner Of "Bridgey" Web
ber, and who, is said to be Il "col"
lector'' for Lieutenant Booker, has not
been arrested. He is said to have
been in the murder car on the night
Of the killing. Sam Schepps, 1akir
of oil paintings and friend of Paul,
Rose and Webber, who also was in
the chr Monday night. has not been
sought by the officers. HItskey,
whose real name is said to be Isaac
Isaacs, heeler for Paul and Rose, and
who is said to have first hand knowl-
edgc Of the murder, has not been
found.
Record Of Zelig.
The gamblers involved in the assas-
sination of Rosenthal are tho Same
men who three times within the last
two months got "Big jack Zelig out
Of Jail. zeIg's real nanie is William
Albert.
An eyewitness has been found who
fC1ontin,lad on PAGE TRol
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1912-07-23
Iaft Lake Metal Prices:

ss.s.. s..---s.ss s.. ~ -
.S4.76
4 (New York; -. $7.2O@7.4O
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1912-07-23
Salt Lakers In New York.
Special to Tho Tribune,

Ii. Lipman; Great Northern. Miss L. NJ.
Fowlsrs Imperial. a. B. Fisher, G a.
Fisk
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1912-07-23

>oont1Pued on Page Three.)
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-12-11
Norwegian PoliceMomen

From the London Evening Standard.
 The appointment of. another policewon- an at Christiania now brings the feminine police force in Norway up to seven, three of whom are in Christiana, two at Bergen, one in Stavanger,, and one in Christian- sand
 The special duty of the chief police woman in Christiania. Sergeant osen, is to keep under surveillance girls and women suspected of living immoral lives and female beggars, while her two col leagues interrogate women tramps, and, if deserving render them help, look after the children and see that they are kept off the streets as vendors and beggars.
 The policewomen all perform occasional night duty and patrol some of the worst
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-12-11

WANT to trade practically new mod ern 9 room residence, on small lot. two blocks east of Five Points, half block Highland avenue, for house on larger lot Not particular about house or location if can secure satis- factory lot Address K-20, care Age Herald, stating what you have.
 12-11- St- We fr- sl
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-12-11
KODAKS

Films developed 1oc per roll. Prints Sc
 and lc each. Prompt attention and work
 the best Bert c Covell Co. 10-l-tf
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-12-11
FEES X SONS
Cor. 2nd Ave. and 10th St.
NORTESIDE.
w. ID. IGG0 I W W. 112 N. 21st St. Phone 42.

NOT' -1rOt 4h' o' "1'e' 'o''
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-12-11
PERSONAL

 cured or no pay. Write to- day. Home Remedy Co.,, Erin. Tenn.
 1o-e-yt
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-12-11
Merely an Estimate
lm IIarperls WeekIy.

fIUTI HUI DtI 5 " VtINIys
 Dubbleigh was entirely mixed on his road map, and at last in desperation he stopped a farmer and inqufred:
 Gan I get to Portland this way?"
 ''Ya-as." said the farmer
 "Eow far is it?" asked Dubbleigh.
 ''NVa al" said the farmer, q cal'late, if ye keep straight ahead the way you're goin', it's abaout thutty miles under twenty four thousand"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-12-11

quarters of the city. With the exception of the policewomen at Christiansand who wear a complete official uniform, the women are dressed in plain clothes, only wearing green capes bearing a small medallion stamped with the crown and lion of Norway, to distinguish them from ordinary citizens.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-12-11

RAgEs--Ose cent n word a dayJ no sd. take~ for less than 25c for first inser- tfon. Cash must accompany order.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-12-11
ONE CENT 4 WORD

RATES--one cent n word day; no ad.
 taken for less thnn 25c for first inser- tion. Cash must accompany order.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-12-11
FOR RENT--ROOMS

THE AVALON-All outside rooms, .ur- mace heat; modern convenoences; moder- ate price; bath free. 2100 5th avenue.
 a-25 if
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-12-11
WANTED-AGENTS


 LOCAL AND GENERAL AGENTS for easy selling land and lot proposition; big commissions; convincing literature special inducements to hustlers. Hunt &. Co.,. San Antonio. Tex. 12-S-4t-su-wed W WANTED-Thousand agents quick to sell the Bob Taylor books. Lectures and Best Literary Productions of Bob Taylor" and Life and Career of Sen ator Robert Love Taylor" Beautiful ly illustrated; best proposition ever million homes waiting to welcome them liberal commissions. Address Bob Taylor Publishing Co.,, Noel block. Nashville. Tenn.
 12-5- -5t-su-t tu- weir -su
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-12-11

ONLY COMPLETE PLANT IN STATE MAKING HIGH GRADE AUTOGRAPHED STA TIONF,RY, BONDS AND
 CERIIFICATES-VISIT
 OUR PLANT.
 ROBERTS & SON (Inc.)
 1.-THE BIG ALABAMA HOUsEv 1Q1C Between 18th 0Y.I Auo lOIA and 18th sts. OTu Ave. Phones. Bell Main 22S. 229 and 134s
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-12-11
WANTED-SALESMEN


 SALESMEN-Good side line, our adver- Using fans ready: season open; liberal commission advanced; no trouble to carry and show. Write Winkler Adver- Using system. Nashville. Tenn. 1.-5-l5t THE -WALLASTER CALENDAR CO, of New Orleans, established 1891, man ufacturers and importers of calendars and fans, want salesman for Birming- ham and adjacent territory; applicant must be honorable active and persever- ing; our line is the largest and most attractive in this country, consequently requires the salesmans undivided time. Fan samples ready now, calendars January l. If you are a salesman with qualifications mentioned above answer immediately, giving references and full particulars about yourself. Wallaster Calendar Co.,, New Orleans.
 11-24-6t-su-wed ANTED-Salesman, sell Oklahoma oil lots Good proposition: cooperative plan Nothing like it ever offered in developed territory. See MT. Strong. Room 90 Metropolitan hotel.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-12-11
ONE CENT A WORD
INT n[MT \ W0pD)0MF nENT | W0RD0NF

RATES--One cent a word a dayy no sd. taken for Iess than 25c for first fnser- ton. Cash must accompany order.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-12-11
FARM LANDS
CLEANING AND PRESSING

SUITS French dry cleaned. sl.00; suits sponged and pressed. 25c: all hand work. Winston Tailoring Company. w..
 A Logan in charge 1926 4th are.
 Main 14i0. 12-4-7t
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-12-11
RUBBER STAMPS AND SEALS

{ BROWN Stamp Works. 2o5 Jefferson County Bank bldg. Phone 636 Work finished in few hours. u-1e-3ot.
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1912-07-12
liz, i'ApER l.L.-..-?|$s :
THE TEACHER

THE public schoolteacher
i that does not read the pa
pers fails in an important
particular to fit himself or herself
to instruct the young.
EDUCATION is NOT ALL GAIN
Ed FROM BOOKS. MOST OF IT
IS GAINED FROM LIFE, AND
NEWSPAPERS ARE THE MIRRORS
OF LIFE.
Not only should teachers read
the papers, but pupils should be
caused to do so. In the case OF
the children little persuasion is
needed. They are so eager to
learn that they read every paper
they get their hands on.
MANY SCHOOLS HAVE
GLASSES IN GU R r Z N !
EVENTS. The pupils are re-
uuired to tell or write the chief
happenings of the day. 1t is an
invaluable training.
EVERY teacher should TAXI
this paper.
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1912-07-12

THE DEMOCRAT-STAR's job work
10 always little better than needs
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1912-07-12

Tor = mild. easy action Of the bow
els. try Doan's Regulets, a modern
laxative. 26c at all stores.
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1912-07-12

" Whom writing y er deAhng 49,
out.of.tswn advertisers. kindly nenSssn
the Dcnseerat- Star.
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1912-07-12
Y. 7T VT w W T777l77 7777 7T7-T 77777 N
NEWSPAPER
|EADINC MAKES
FOR PROGRESS

TOMAS JACKSON reads the
newspapers Artcnas Stubs
y does not. From this mere
statement can you not form men
al photographs Of Jonas and Arte-
mast
WHICH WOULD YOU PICK
FOR A WINNERl
If you we're an employer. which
would you hirel If a voter, which
would you vote fora
TO SAY THAT A MAN READS
THE NEWSPAPERS IS A REC
oMMENpATioN
It proclaims that he is up to
date; that he keeps in touch with
what the world is thinking, saying
and doing; that he has ideas, even
if acquired ones; that he has at
least a certain sort of culture and
education; that he is alert and in
formed-in word, that he keeps
up with the procession.
The intelligence Of a commu-
nifty may be judged from the
amount Of newspaper reading 1t
does. America reads more news
papers than any other nation.
Who can measure the influence
for progress that has been exerted
by the American press? TAXI +
YOUR HOME PAPER.