davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04
RULES ON LONG AND
SHORT HAUL CLAUSE
Commission Says Carriers MuSl
Readjlsi Rates.

Washington, Jan. 3.-Interstate car.
riers must conform to the long and
short haul provision of the law in all
instances where their freight tariffs
provide for higher rates to intermedi.
ate points that are not consuming or
producing points of the commodities
shipped. General orders We're issued
by the interstate commerce commits.
sion granting the carriers time until
May /, 1912, to enable them to comply
with this requirement
1t was held by the interstate com.
merce commission that where two OF
more carriers are competing for bust.
ness at equal rates between two points
they should be allowed to continue
the competition, despite the long and
short haul provision of the law.
This ruling. the commission ex.
plains, will enable competing carriers
to meet the rates to a particular city
or to freight group made by any 9th.
er competitor.
The commission may change the
rates on complaint of intermediate
shippers, If they are found to conflict
with any other part of the law.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04
WI | MARRY OLD MAIDS FREE
Evanston (liI.) Justice Says His Heart
Bleeds for Them.

Chicago. Jan. 3--Words of good
cheer are brought to the unmarried
but hopeful by Justice j. F. Boyer OF
Evanston. The justice read OF the
offer of Justice George Thompson OF
Elgin to marry couples free of charge
II the bride could prove that she had
popped the question" during lear
year. Justice Boyer declared that not
only would he marry such brides free
of charge, but would take the brides
word as proof positive that she had
proposed.
Furthermore, the justice will refuse
to accept fee for wedding couples
over fifty years of age. He also offers
to marry free OF charge any girl who
will admit that she Is an old maid.
Marriage" said Justice Boyer, lis
the crying iced of Evanston. Condi-
tions among the fair sex are pitiful.
We have 2,400 more unmarried women
than men here.
"The women feel worst about are
the old maids. mean by an old maid
any single woman who is more than
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04

Tanning Island, In Mid Pacific, Yields
interesting Ethnologic Relic.

News of an interesting archaeolog-
ical find on Tanning island, in the mid
Pacific, indicating that the island was
once inhabited by a skilled race, was
brought to Victoria by the steamship
Makura.
Excavations have unearthed large
stone building 200 by 80 feet In di-
mensions No mortar was used III its
construction, the stone having been
skillfully mortised together.
Near this building was found tomb
containing human skeleton, with a
necklace of the teeth Of the cachelot
and other articles. including the skull
of a dog.
1t Is believed the island was one Of
the resting places Of the Polynesians
in their early migrations. Recently 1t
was purchased by British-C Canadian
syndicate for use as a coaling station
In view of the opening Of the Panama
canal
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04
GOMPERS DENIES THE STORY
Says Picture Showing Him Standing
on Flag Was "Faked."

Washington, Jan. 3.--Denying with
all the emphasis at his command that
he stood en- an American flag while
delivering an address at the Labor day
celebration at Oakland, Cal, President
Gompers of the American Federation
of Labor declared:
Il would as lief insult the memory
of my revered mother as the flag Oh
my country"
Gompers also asserted that he had
every reason to believe that the pic.
ture purporting to show that he stood
upon the flag was built up" and a
fake"
This picture is now in the hands OF
the war department
1t was forwarded to Judge Advocate
Ainsworth as a protest against alleged
insults offered the flag by labor lead.
ers.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04
DR.. w. H. FURNESS SAYS
CHlMPANzEES THINK.
Psychologists Experiments Give Him
Faith In Their Power TO Reason.

DR. William III. Furness. psycholo-
gist of Wallingford. Pa, after several
years of work has succeeded in edu-
eating two chimpanzees TO a point
where, he declares, they have proved
they have reasoning powers.
His experiments, he says, have con-
clusively demonstrated that chimpan-
zees are capable of discriminating be-
tween objects and that the lower ami
mails when properly trained utilize the
functions Of brain and really think.
When the chimpanzees had attained
perfection in mimicry a gradual deyia-
ton was made to other lines In order
to determine their reasoning powers.
At this point the animals pass from
those of merely the animal into the
near realm of the human.
Boards were placed I'm the cages hav-
ing a large square opening and large
holes. The animals were given a ball
and square piece of wood, both of
which exactly fitted openings in the
board. The careful scrutiny of the
instructors saw that the animals ex-
amined the block and ball and pound
I'd them against the board In high glee.
After a few days one of the chimpan-
zees looked intently at the square open
ing in the board and endeavored to
force the ball through it, The open
ing was too small to allow its passage,
and the chimpanzee then picked up the
square block and pushed it through.
Later both animals, DIR. Furness says,
by the slow process of pure reason
without the slightest assistance on his
part, learned that only the ball would
tit into the circle aud only the block
would pass through the square.
An extension of the experiment has
been made during the past two years,
and 1t has been learned that the chin
panzees will now differentiate any size
or shape.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04
TAKE SHERIFF AT HIS WORD
Prominent Women Willing TO Accept
Positions as Deputies.

New York, jan 3--If Sheriff julius
Hamburger, ardent suffragist himself.
wasn't sincere in his declaration that
he stood ready to appoint large
number Of women deputies, among
them some of the most noted women
In America, he has gotten himself into
a peck of trouble, for with only one
exception--Miss Helen Gould-the wo-
men he named have announced their
intention of accepting the positions.
But Hamburger declares he really
Is sincere, and that as soon as the
$4,000 bonds required are submitted
he will swear the women and give
them their shields and armament.
Il shall most assuredly accept tn.
position, and shall feel honored that
II was offered me-" declared Mrs
Young, wife Of millionaire banker.
better known as Nine Nordica, the
grand opera singer
Mrs. o. II. p. Belmont declared tha.
she would be more than pleased to re.
ceive her commission.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04
MRS. JACKSON SIGNS.
Widow Of Famous Confederate General
Favors Lost Cause Pensions.

Favors Lost cause PENSIONS.
Mrs. Stonewall Jackson, widow of
the famous Confederate chieftain, af-
fixed her signature to petition ask
ing that an amendment be adopted to
the Sherwood "dollar day. pension
bill providing for pensions for Confed-
crate veterans. The petition was
drawn by members of Mecklenburg
Camp of Veterans and the Daughters
Of the Confederacy and is being signed
by scores of prominent citizens. 1t
will be sent to Congressman Il. Y.
Webb Of the Ninth North Carolina dis
trict, who viii probably place 1t in the
hands Of the North Carolina senators.
The petition recites that the Confed-
crates fought for a principle which
they believed to be right and since the
war have patiently and cheerfully con-
tributed to pension the federal soldiers,
and they respectfully submit that as
they help to pay this general pension
they should participate In its benefits. ("
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04
RUSSIANS EXECUTE
SIXTEEN PERSIAN>
Killed for Taking Part In Attack
on Invaders.

Tabriz, Jan 3.--Sixteen persons
were hanged by order of the Russian
courtmartial in connection with th
recent attack on the Russian troops.
The courtmartial sitting here to tt
the Persians captured during the
cent fighting in the streets of this city
is exacting a heavy toll for the cas-.
ualties suffered by the Russian troops
In nearly every case the accused are
condemned to be summarily hanged
and their bodies displayed throughout
the day in the public square.
Shua Ed Dowleh, brother of the ex.
shah, has arrived here to assume the
governorship. He was escorted by a
body of Russian Cossacks.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04
FATAL QUARREL OVER DOG
First Homicide Victim In 1912 Killed
by Friend of Stray Canine.

Chicago, Jan. 3.-The first murder In
Chicago in 1912 occurred a few min
utes after the whistles ceased blowing
welcome to the New Year and was
due to a street brawl over dog.
Raymond Corbett, chauffeur, was
leaving saloon when a stray dog ran
in front of him. Corbett kicked the
dog and man known to the police
as Archie took the part of the dog
In the quarrel which resulted Archie
drew a revolver and shot Corbett in
the head. Archie escaped.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04

Wherever there are people suffering from
kidney and bladder ailments, from back
acke, rheumatism and urinary irregular
tiles. Foley Kidney Pills will help them.
Belvidere, ILL.,, E.A Kelley, an ex-engin-
eer, says Three years ago my kidneys
became so bad that | was compelled to
give up my engine and quit. There was
a severe aching pain over the hips fol-
lowed by an inflammation of the bladder
and always thick sediment. Foley Kid
ney Pills made me a well man. | cannot
say too much in tLeir.spraise," At all
druggists.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04

asmuch as kellogg put his application
I'm an affidavit and he was supported
by his attorney in another affidavit he
would do as desired and see that the
contractor was called in no more Grim
inal cases.
Kellogg says he has constitutional
aversion to any reference to the word
or the shedding OF human blood.
While Judge Swami was charging
jury he used the word. Kellogg
promptly tainted.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04
Feudist Murders Physician.

Charleston, w. Va, Jan. 3.-Dr. Ed
win 0. Thornhill, aged thirty-fve, well
known physician and business man OF
the southern section of West Virginia,
was shot and killed by Willis Hatfield
son OF the feudist, Devil Anse Hatfield
In drug store at Mullens. The physi.
clan was attending an injured person
when the shooting occurred and had
refused to Issue prescription to Hat
tield for pint of whisky.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04

Holly, Mich, Jan. 3.-Senator La
Toilette will make no comment on
Governor Osborne's statement given
out from Lansing. why should he?"
said Secretary Hannah of Senator La
Follettes staff when asked if the sen.
ator would give out a statement.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04
Admits Big Diamond Robbery.

st. Louis, Jan. 3-R. Paul Dunlap
aged twenty-three, an artist and ath.
lete, was arrested just after he sat
down to dinner with his wife, parents
and other relatives and confessed that
he stole fifty diamond rings and other
tewelry, valued at $4,000, from the
store OF John Hueter in Cleveland on
Thanksgiving day. Sixteen rings were
tied to his undergarments.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04
A Fathers Vengeance

would have fallen on anyone who at
tackled the son of Peter Bondy, of South
lockwood, Mich, but he was powerless
before attacks of Kidney trouble. doc
tors could not help him." he wrote, so
at last we gave him Electric Bitters and
he improved wonderfully from taking
six bottles. Its the best Kidney medi
cine ever saw" Baokache, tired feeling
nervousness, Loss of appetite, warn OF
Kidney trouble that may end in dropsy,
diabetes or Bright's disease. Beware
Take Electric Bitters and be safe. Ey-
cry bottle guaranteed. soc at all drug
gists.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04
Detective Burns to Testify.

Indianapolis, Jan. 3.-William ]
Burns has arrived here to testify be.
fore the federal grand jury in the gov
ernments investigation of the alleged
dynamiting conspiracy from which
scores Of explosions are supposed to
have resulted throughout the country
In recent years.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04

Providence, r. l., Jan. 3.-For the
fourth successive term Governor Aram
j. Pothier took the oath of Office. 1t
was the first time since the adoption
OF the state constitution in 1912 that
. governor had ever been inaugurated
for four consecutive terms.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04

threat to the grand vizier that the pow
ers would interfere in Turkeys inter
national affairs unless the outbreaks
are suppressed.
Macedonians have been harassing
Turkish troops on the frontier and
ii is believed they are only waiting
pressed in Tripoli before instituting
a general rebellion.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04
HEARS OF BLOOD, FAlNTS.
Juror Overcome Whenever Word Ia
Spoken In His Presence.

Setting forth that the word "blood
or anything pertaining to it causes him
to faint and so upsets him that he is
unable to sleep or transact business.
Edward f. Kellogg, a contractor, ask
ed Judge Swami In the New York
court of general sessions to excuse
him as a juror and to strike his name
from the panel.
Judge Swami said Kellogg's excuse
was q most extraordinary one. but In
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04
Despondent Woman Kills Herself

Newburgh, N. Y, Jan. 3.--In despair
because she believed the married man
with whom she was infatuated had
tired of her and transferred his affec
tions to another, Mrs. Minnie Palmer
a prepossessing grass widow" sho.
herself on his doorstep.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04
GOOD SLEIGHlMG ON MARS.
New Fall of Snow Reported by Pro
fessor Perciva Lowell.

fessor Pereiva Lowell.
A telegram received by John Ritchie.
Jr., former Harvard astronomer, from
Professor Pereival Lowell. brother of
Harvard's head, states that the old
snow on Mars has disappeared and "a
new layer has fallen.
As Mr.. Lowell has said that Mars Is
inhabited by a race approaching our
own in intelligence, they are supposed
to like sleighing.
The new cap Of snow is In latitude
20 degrees.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04

twenty-five years of age If there
anything | can do to help an old maio
along to matrimony you may be sure |
will do it, Whenever think of an old
maid my heart bleeds."
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04
TURKEY is GIVEN WARNING
Powers Will Intervene Unless Internal
Disorders Cease.

Constantinople, Jan. 3.-Disorders
In Macedonia and Albania have be
come so serious that British Ambas
sador Lowther conveyed a veiled
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1912-01-04
Foley Kidney Pills

Tonic in action, quick in results. Viii
cure any case OF kidney or bladder dis
order not beyond the reach of medicine.
No need to say more.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-06-22
SIGNED CHARGES
OF FRAUD ARE MADE

chicaso. June 2l.-Signed CHARGES
mat contested delegates and members
OF tho national committee had formed
coalition with the credentials COM
m!ttee 10 control the committee in he
half OF the contested delegates were
prepared tonight by r. r. Mccormick
and other Roosevelt members of the
committee.
The statement. It was said, would
be offered before the Republican Ma
'onal Convention and would complete
the record of the Roosevelt fight
against the seating OF the Taft con-
tested delegates
II charges that the work done by
the credentials committee has been
part of a comprehensive plan to con
trol the national convention against
the Republican voters" This state
ment was circulated among the Roose-
welt members tonight by Mr.. Nc
Cormick. None refused to sign IT,
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-06-22

yeit forces will centr. on the thirty
delegates seated from Texas
One district in Virginia, the Fifth.
~as held open until morning for de-
cis!on. although the committee prac-
tlcaliy had determined before adjourn
,nent TO follow the ruling o. the ma
tlonal committee. The cases decided
ey the credentials committee are al
For Taft: Alabama, ls; Arizona. 6:
Il; Georgia 2s; Indiana, IL. Kentucky.
J. Louisiana. 20: Michigan, s. Wash
lhgton, u; Mississippi IS: Oklahoma.
south Carolina, =: Virginia. Is. Nils
souri, 5. District OF Columbia .; Alas
ha,, >; Tennessee. S Total 20I.
For Roosevelt Kentucky. !; North
IsTo!ina' 8. Missouri. S. Total. -.
while all OF the contests passed o..
oy the national committee were re-
viewed by the credentials committee.
sseronty-two cases cited by Governor
Hadieys resolution in .the national
convention as those where they claim :
Cd the national committee had acted
unfairly
The Washington contest. over the
protests OF Senator Miles Poindexter
mat Republican State organization
mad been guilty OF grand larceny
from the Roosevelt forces. was de-
cided In favor of the TAFT delegates
by vote OF rs 10 Is. The Taft DEL
egates from the Third Oklahoma Dis
trict were seated. % 10 10. North
see district contests were settled with
out opposition except in the Second
Tennessee District. where the Taft
forces won, IS to g.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-06-22
GUurru xnIlttS.
PREsB sRIAS

FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.
EI.aeh!nS by the pastor Rev. F. +. Nc
-. ". -
SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
AeN, kCssE ELL cecil. D. d, pastor. Ser
1.s ,.,. a. Il a n and SID P ": weenes-
SERVICES At GRACE STREET PRES
syterian Church II o'clock A. NJ and
s.s o'clock r. NJ preaching by Or. LILLY
Morning subject LIE by KnowledS.. and
at Eight. "a Fountain OF Blessins.5
. NJ / y TER PRESBYTERIAN
chureh-Rev JAMES y. FAIR. D. D. pas.
tor. Preaching II A. NJ. anc p. ~ by tn.
pastor. Welcome.
BAPTIST
FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH (sRoAp AND
Twel'th Streetsl-Rey. GEO. ". McDAN-
LANES VIII preach at il g. ~ ana SIS p
" Graded sunday school. Baraca and Phil
a'he2 classes "a. W, Patterson. suptj. $3.50
GRACE STREET BAPTIST CHURCH
'DTnee and toushee notwithstanding
D. D.. OF Baltimore, Nd: subject, viii
Snrist Come Again and How" At SIS T.
school a, $50 a N. CHush P. Powell. supt.j.
Wednesday evening p.ayer-meeting at Sis
o'clock The public especially strangers.
GROVE AVENUE BArrlSG CHURCH
Grove Avenue ana Harrison StreeD-Rsy
81. c. JAMES. Tn. D.. pastor. PreaehinE
y. ". NJ
,nndn! School at s:ia y. NJ. James Il.
Wood. suptl P7ayer-meetins "Wednesday
METHODIST.
CENTENARY NJ T.. CHURCH SOUTH.
Grace street between Fourth ard Fifth
s ntssis,- W !. YOUNG d, D. pastor.
K-ARLE. Abingdon, Va. Preaching at s:i;
p. NJ by Rev. 5. ]. BATTTN, pastor OF 81
James Methodist Church. Graded sunday ;
school. with organized classes. at 9:N A.
NJ. All seats free.
PARK PLACE METHODIST CHURCH
toppositc Monroe Park on Franklin street,.
Rev. WALTER G.. PARKER Vail preach al
Sis evening from the subject, our National
Crisis and the Cause of rerilous Times"
Will preach at the morning service. II a. ".
The new organ is In full use. and a large
choir VAL render s:ec!al music ut both SER
AT WEST END METHODIST CHURCH
tho pastor. Rev. CHARLES TiNsLEY
THRIFT. VIII preach at both services. Ills
morning subject will be Things TO Seek
After At night he will preach a sermon
especially to the Mems Bible Class. Next
triday is the sunday choo! excursion ~
Virginia Beach. Every member OF tho sun
day school is urged 10 be present sunday
morning.
SEVEN STREET CHRISTIAN
Notwithstanding both morning and even
i, by the pastor pastor, Rev' H. D. c; MAC.
ting or Giving-which Is Best" Sunday
School at $50 A. VI.
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.
REGULAR SERVICE OF FIRST
Church OF Christ scientist. will he held to-
morrow morning in church edince Corner
Park Avenue and Meadow streeD at II
O'clock Subject. els the Universe. Includ-
Ing Man. Evolved by Atomic Forcc?''
perIcnce meeting a, $50 The reading
rooms located mt :G7,a North sixth
street. and are open every week day from
10 a, NJ to P. NJ. All are cordially In
vited
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-06-22

Firm what 1 see in III pa-apers.
Ticdy Rosenfelt arose a, o'clock an
had consultation with wan IS his
most thrusted leaders. who'd spint tn
night with Elihoo Root Afther hear
in IN report ~ this conhdint llEt'nant
heth hit him over tn head with q chair.
AZ $50 he give out ap rlnted state
fnent sayin' in g!n'ral way tina, tn
convintion was apparently in IN. con-
troll IL tn Wire Tappers' Union. but
lie wud not decline tn nomynation If
enough ~ thin cud be expelled TO press
tn VIII ~ tn people. AT II o'clock
William Barnes an Murray Crane. who
rlprisints in tn Sinit tn grahand old
Commonwealth " Massachusetts, an
William Lorimer. proceeded 10 Clark
Sthreet, let tn Southern dillygates out
" their rooms. give thin a light break
fast ~ chicken an pork chops. an
tn determined resistance ~ Frank
Munsey an George w. Perkins.
Havin' received their daily credin-
tials they wero thin carried to tn
convin,ion hall, where they were
chained TO their seats.
"Th CREDENTIALS comfy thin com
minced to sind in its report. Ye've
read this report in coorse. Twas
published in tn pa-apers last sphring
just hefor' IN prim'ries. Tn gin'ral
idce in 1t is: he's a Rosenfelt man.
Fire him ont This splind.d piece In
seeryal fiction was still comm in whin
seen tn last exthry.
TIL readin' ~ II was interrupted
fr'm tonne TO tonne be tn usual rou-
tine bolt In tn Roscnfelt dillygates.
led be Guv'nor Johnsin in CALIFORNIA.
like that man. He's my idee " a
stateman. He can git OUT ~ a con-
vintion and back in again as quick as
amy man ~ his weight ! ever see.
Twas a most dramatic scene whin
tn Rosenfelt d'nygates announced
that niver wud they permit sich an
outrhage TO be done TO their rights.
We will not says they. let this
crime agin a free people be com
United We VIII not set down in tn
same convintion with dillygatcs
ELECTED by fraud An thin atther
sayin' TO tn fraudjuntly illccted d.lly
gates mex to thin Jim keep me place
fr me. I'm goin' ont f'r minyt. They
shook their fists in TIL faces of tn
or minals, an marched firm tn hall.
walked arund tn block an come back
to record their protests agin' tn nex'
monthrous injistice proposed be tn
comfy on CREDENTIALS.
After iookin' over tn list ~ tn
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-06-22

mind TO be impol!te to tn stranger
within our gates. but I think It's car
rim tn thing too far. Whin ye asst a
couple w fellers to tn house f'r an
Afternoon an they spind tn rest iv
their lives with'ye. sittin' in a couple
" rockin' chairs. swappin' tobacco an
usin such language that ye have to
sihd tn childher firm tn house. In
amy case they've got TO gilt out in
'iihe 10 nave tn Collysum swept and
cleaned f'r far more refined an i'm
portant pollyttckal gathe.in', Bath
--ouse Johns annyooal Ball.
Who do yc think Will be non,,v-
mated? Well, II looks like Taft onti,
1t rally begins to look like Taft An.
thin It don't look so much Ike him
II Tiddy Rosenfelt can keen tn Taft
ioorces togithcr be addhress,n' thin
Iatt can win But If Willuu Rarnes
VII not waver In his alleiance 10
Iaft there's chanst fr Tiddy Rosen-
fclt.
What kind iv platform ARE they
goin' to put out?" asked Mr.. Hennessy
What Kind " what"
What ARE they goin to tn peopIe
WITH, said Mr.. Hcnnessy. what
catec" "u' :
An. principals" said Mr.. poo,ev az
see what ye mean. Yes did reod
soihetnin' about platform. II fright
what 1t was. suppose all these
miner "details Will be attended to.
lhey may f'rget II bur / don't think
tneS Will They'll turn out some
thin' thatll read all right an wont
,htherfeere with tn seeryous question
oeture this grand body. Which is.
VIII IL Dc safe FIR our Jobs to turn
down Tiddy Rosenfelt.