davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
GOOD SOIL FOR AN ORCHARD
Must Be Prepared Sufficiently Deep
and Drained 30 That Roots May
Reach Into Suhsoll.

First of all, the soil must be well
drained and prepared sufficiently.
deep so that the roots may reach deep
into the subsoil Second, the sur,
face soil must be cultivated frequent
1y and a rotation OF cover crops and
catch crops employed so that suf-
ficient amount Of plant food viii be
made available to promote a rapid
healthy growth rather than forcing
the growth of the trees by the use Of
manures and fertilizers rich in nitro-
gen. In some rare instances the soil
may be deficient in plant food. and
the intelligent use of mineral plant
foods will prove very beneficial.
1t is when the orchards begin TO
produce large crops of fruit that the
demands for plant food must be met
a. profitable crops of superior fruit
are secured. At this time the roots
Of the trees. have taken possession OF
practically all of the soil. and have
utilized the larger portion Of the
available plant food so that the ad-
dition OF manure or fertilizer is es-
bcuAlhl.
The function Of the soil in furnish
ing the trees with nourishment is an
exceedingly complex one. and there
are certain well-defined laws that
must be kept in mind for improvement
and maintenance of the fertility Of
the soil that is occupied by the trees.
Some orchardists advocate sod mulch,
others depend upon cultivation and
the liberal use OF fertilizers and barn
manures. others cover crops and min
eral fertilizers as a means of improv-
ing and maintaining the fertility of
orchard soils.
The fact that no two soils required
the same line of treatment has caused
a confusion of ideas in the manage
ment of orchard soils.
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
.AIRY NoTEs
- 5ss4 60 * 81

The way TO absolutely know what
a COW is doing is to weigh and test
The feed and feeding Is the first
important point IN successful dairying.
The heifer calf is q COW in the ma
king. Handle and feed her accord
ingly.
Remember that the cold rain ia
harder for the COW to stand than dry
cold weather.
The last two years have empha-
sized strongly the importance Of
summer silage.
Care should be taken that the COW
does not have to wade through filth
in the barnysrd
To obtain a maximum supply OF
milk. small pastures. allowing fire.
quent changes Of feed, should be pro-
vided.
A COW testing association should
consist of 25 OF 26 herds. containing
not less than 400 cows and better 500
or 500.
From being a winter feed for dairy
cows silage is coming to be an all
year-round feed for all kinds OF
stock.
The best dairy COW is the one that
will convert the forage raised on the
farm into the greatest amount of
butter fat
That COWS like q change Of feed is
shown by the way they will eat rot
ten hay, pull out old straw from the
sheds, etc.
When cows are running on pasture
the manure lie not lost, for grass lands
need the fertilizer quite as much as
some other fields.
In selecting dairy cattle II is always
dificult to Judge accurately with the
eye. The real test must be the
weigh scales and the Bsbcock tester.
When filth gets into milk or cream
there are innumerable germs intro
duced. which II left TO develop. at
proper temperature multiply very rap
idly.
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
EFFECT OF WATER ON PLANTS
Kentucky Wonder Beans Thrive Sur
prlslngly While Small Bed Of
cannas Were Failure.

Last summer I undertook TO keep
alive a small bed OF oannas. made by
laying down the tire from the
front wheel of wagon. says a
writer IN the Florist In another por-
ton Of the garden eight hills OF Ken,
tucky wonder beans we're planted late
in the summer in a circle about four
feet In diameter. Eight superannu.
ated sunfower stalks nine to ten feet
tall we're tied together by their tops
TO act as supports An old can flled
with flne, well-rotted manure and wa
tered every other day was sunk in the
center of the circle. The beans ran TO
the top Of their supports and until
frost came yielded very liberal sup
ply for small family.
In the case OF the cannas several
barrels Of water and countless adjeo-
tives we're used. In the case Of the
beans a pailful every other day. On
this plan ! have no patent and none
applied for, nor expectations OF re-
ward Of any kind. Without cost, II
will save labor. plants and adjsctives.
Some critic might suggest that the
beans were planted rather close to-
gether. So they we're but the garden
soil was rich and strong. Besides this,
they we're Of the "close communion"
type in 3 Baptist garden. It was wa
ter that saved them.
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
KNELL OF OLD STYLE PAIL
Farmers Who Apply intelligence and
Scientific Methods to Their Ven
tures Prove Merit.


A wonderful system Of ventilation
has been devised for dairies. and It's
general adoption by all farmers who
apply intelligence and scientific meth
ods to their ventures proves it's merit.
But pure air alone is not sufficient for
the COW barn.. No dust must be per-
mitted to accumulate, the barns
should be kept in perfect sanitary
form, and the animal must be subject
ed TO frequent cleaning operations.
Scientists have sounded the knell Of
the od-fashioned milk pail with its
fiaring edges. The small-topped pail
Us in favor. II offers less of an open.
ing for bacteria that may fall into the
milk during the process of milking
Some bacteria invariably are found
in milk. The laboratory shows, how
ever, that these germs are beneficial
rather than injurious TO the human
consumers. But the presence Of bac.
terra directly traceable to filth and In
sanitary conditions is at once a source
of danger and a signal for medical
warfare on the undesirable dairy.
Keep the COW stable as neat and
as clean as the Kitchen is the slogan
of the most progressive dairymen.
They are in the ascendancy. The
careless, old-fashioned dairyman sees
plainly the handwriting on the wall.
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
KILL OFF THE GRASSHOPPER
Insect Not Looked Upon With Horror
and Fear II Was Comparatively
Few Years Ago.
az F. D. wAsHRURND

Concerted action by government
and state authorities has had the ef-
feet Of changing the dreaded grass
hopper from a menace which was ma
tional in scope. to an insect which
while harmful enough In character, 10
no looked upon with the horror and
fear It was comparatively few years
ego.
There are many methods OF con-
batting these pests, but three methods
are especially practical In most local
tiles.
Fall rlowing is considered the most
effioient. Plow the eggpods under.
hurying some, and breaking open
others so that moisture can get in,
and exposing still others 10 the at
tacks Of their enemies-birds, shrews.
etc.
The second method is that Of pois-
oned bats. Use either poisoned bran
OF the criddle mixture. Poisoned
bran can be used only In situations
where stock and poultry are exclud-
ed. Neither should Il be used where
partridge and quail are likely 10 feed
It is merely bran poisoned with paris
green or arsenic. two pounds Of paris
green to 100 Of bran, moistened with
water and a little molssses, so that
the bran will just stick together when
taken up with a spoon.
Criddle mixture Is horse.manure
mixed with arsenic and slightly salt
ed. II is to be distributed about the
fields IN small masses. We all know
Of the fondness Of grasshoppers for
anything containing salt. They will
even roughen fork handles I'm their
efforts TO get at the salt deposited on
them with the perspiration. This mix.
ture IL recommended IN some OF tho
western states The proportions are
about as follows: Paris green, ono
pound; salt, two pounds: fresh horse
droppings, 100 pounds. The horse
droppings are usually measured out in
a three-gallon pail. Five pailfulls be-
Ing taken as the right amount for one
pound of the poison. The salt is dis
Evening journal., 1912-06-12

among the Swiss cattle, hut by Judi
cious wedding have attained a stand
ard of excellence of which we are
proud. says a writer in an exchange.
Not the least pleasant feature In
connection with the breed is its free
dom from disease. All the COWS in
our herd are subjected to tuberculin
test before being introduced into it
and are annually tested after becom-
ing part of 1t.
It is a remarkable fact that while
ten per cent. of all the common COWS
that we have intended to put in our
herd since we. commenced testing
have reacted, not two per. cent. Of the
Swiss grades and full bloods have re.
acted.
AS a farmers cattle I think the
Brown Swiss cattle are unexcelled; as
cattle 70 grade up native COWS they
are most prepotent; and Lam salts
fed that their more general introduc-
tion among the common herds of the
country will certainly help TO improve
materially the quality of the dairy
cattle.
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
WhItewash for cow Stable.

In preparing whitewssh for the
walls, ceilings, posts of the COW barn.
etc, It is best to add some antissptio.
Slack the fresh stone lime by adding
water gradually and stirring It until
Is is a smooth. thick creamy body.
Add a pint Of crude carbolic acid for
every ten gallons. II It is to be put
on by hand, it needs only a little more
thinning with water. But II It is TO be
applied by a spray pump. much more
water is needed. and the wash must
be strained through a cloth. The
Thitewashing should be done when
the COWS are not in the room. The
doors and windows should be open to
allow rapid drying Ordinarily. II Is
not necessary to. do the whitewashing
oftener than every six weeks through
the winter season. but let the fall ap-
plicstion he done and very thoroughly.
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
GARDEN and
FARN1 NOTES
Ihe Eood potatn hnR dles rnnnr

The good potato bug dies young.
Oats makes a most nutritious green
food.
1t Gays to do right when you are
plowing corn.
Oats. peas and barley are sometimes
sown together.
Corn should not be planted until the
ground is warm and dry.
Leave no long nails sticking UP out
Of fallen rails or posts in the pasture.
Corn planted IN mellow soil will
germinste and make strong. healthy
growth
Deep cultivation cuts of the side
roots OF the corn, and destroys a part
OF the crop.
Nearly every careful farmer has that
variety OF corn best suited for his soil
and climate.
Two ounces Of corrosive sublimate
10 16 gallons Of water makes solu-
tion that kills potato scab
No use to treat potatoes for scab IL
they are to be planted in ground in
which scabby potatoes grew last year.
Plant the first row or two OF space
along the fence in the cornhelds ad-
joining the pasture lands to potatoes.
Use slaked lime for the striped
squash or cucumber bug. An early
vine makes a trap to catch the first
ones.
Corn that Yields we'll in one locality
will often make an entire failure In
another locality where conditions are
different.
The keynote OF success in corn
growing is frequent shallow cultiva-
tons rather than occasional deep cul-
tivatfons.
For corn, cabbage and tomatoes,
plow down clover sod or clover and
grass sod. Harrow and roll until fine
and very mellow.
Land plaster is an excellent absor.
bent to use in the cutters and it's
use Increases the value OF the manure
TO large extent
Sweet clover is rapidly growing into
popularity. Is is one of the best crops
that can be raised and It IL adapted
to wide variety Of soils.
Evening journal., 1912-06-12

ground and use plenty of fertilizer.
Plow or spade deep and when ready
10 set out the plants mark off in rows
two feet one way and four feet the
other. After the ground is marked
of, set stakes or small poles not less
than FIVE feet high for each plant.
In choosing the plants do not Sc
lect tree tomatoes, as they are not
prolific. but pick out some good,
smooth, meaty variety. Set the plant
on the south side Of the stake, about
four inches from II, and train same
TO stake as It grows. tying with binder
twine or cloth strings. which are pre-
fersble. Many times when the vines
are very rank two branches will start
ito grow from the top. but clip one of
allowing only one to grow to 9
height OF FIVE feet, then clip the tops,
and keep them clipped. which will
hasten the ripening. and convert all
tho strength Of the vine into fruit.
When the plants are eight or 10
inches high, little runners or shoots
will appear in the forks. Here Is
where the whole secret lies These
runners sap the main vine and turn
ell the strength into vines instead Of
tomatoes. When they appear pinch
them of and allow only one main vine
to grow. The fruit buds or blossoms
will also appear in the same fork, but
dc not disturb them. Keep clipping
out the runners every time you find
any or when you cultivate them. The
fruit will be nice, early, clean, handy
to pick, and as shown by the picture,
a great Improvement over the old
Nny
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
HORTICULTURAL
Azcss~ 2@ NOTES

Fruit can be harvested at one-hslf
the cost from low-headed trees.
Fall Is the best season for planting
all deciduous trees and bushes.
Cherries will not thrive planted on
low, moist or cold, heavy soils.
Any good dry land that will grow the
regular farm crops will grow cherries.
The future of apple growing has
never looked so bright as II does To-
day
The fungicidal value Of lime-sulphur
is increased by the addition of srsen-
ate Of lead.
Grapes are apt to overbesr and II
is never safe to let them set all the
fruit they will.
Healthy foliage held late in the
season enables the trees to build
stronger buds for the next crop.
Arsenate of lead which is held over
from the year before will be good II IL
has not dried out and become q hard
lump
Where the San Jose scale is trou-
blesome the curraDt is Objectionable
IN the orchard as II Affords a great
barbor for these pests.
Don't expect q small knapsack
sprsyer will do the work for large fruit
trees. It is not large OF strong
enough. You need a barrel pump.
The common Bordeaux mixtures,
sometimes called the 4-4-40 mixture. is
composed OF pounds bluestone, 4
pounds auicklims and 40 gallons Of
water.
= For scab. leaf spot brown rot. mil
dew snd leaf blight, use the Bordeaux
mixture before leaves or blossoms
open on apple. peach. pear. plum or
cherry trees.
II a cold wet spell comes when sp-
pies are in bloom. spray with bordeaux
mixture to prevent scab This fung-
Gus is always most destructive in q
cool. wet spring
An interesting scheme of selection
in growing ANIMALS is to start with
the A's-in the seed catalogue and plant
a certain number each year until the
| entire alphabet has been covered.
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
sINeLETREE FOR AN ORCHARD
One Described and illustrated That
Has Been Used TO Advantage In
New York State.

In response to a query regarding
singletree for use in cultivating young
trees. will endeavor TO describe one
have seen used to good advantage
in this section. writes Edwin Haight
in the Rural New Yorker. The Whit
fietree is fiat instead Of rounded and
each end is rounded from the back
edge A heavy strap. usually piece
Of trace, Is then bolted, or securely
fastened. along the back edge and
around the rounded end. leaving an
end to the strap Of about 1S inches or
two feet. In which an iron ring is fas-
tened. in which 10 hook the trace.
give a rough sketch Of one end. show
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
HOMEMADE MILKING STOOLS
Two Handy Devices Shown In lIustra-
tlons VIII Prove Of Satisfaction
TO the Mixer.

FRoM THE WISCONSIN AGRIcu1-
TURIST)
We illustrate two types Of milking
stool, both Of which will give aatisfao.
ton to the milker
The stool shown in the upper pio-
ture is the kind used by Mr.. q. II.
Smith OF La Fargo. Wis. who sent in
the drawing, It serves as a seat and
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
IMPORTANCE OF cow TESTING
Careful Study Of Records Of Herds In
Test Indicate That sllaao 10
Very Essential.

The Bureau Of Animal Industry OF
the Department Of Agriculture has
two men specially engaged in giving
assistance 10 state officials In organiz-
ing and conducting cow-teHting aseo-
Citations. During the last fiscal year
3s new associations were formed and
seven we're discontinued. There are
now 81 such associations in this couna
try. the greater number Of which the
dairy division has been instrumental
IN organizing. These 81 associations
comprise about 10000 COWS. An ofl-
cisl Of the dairy division IN talking Of
the work In this direction. showed y
record Of two herds IN one Of the as
Eoolations az an interesting example
Of what IL being accomplished in en-
abling farmers to keep records Of cost.
production. etc, and 10 detect and
remedy any shortcomings In herd
No. 1. e,207 pounds OF milk we're pro-
duced al a cost OF S51o4 for feed.
while in herd No. 2. 5.4s2 pounds Of
milk wer produced az a cost for feed
OF s5521. The former made a profit
OF s76.2a per COW. while the other
made profit Of only ss.e5 per COW.
The more profitable herd was fed an
abundance OF silage, while to the 9TH
or no silage was fed This, Of course,
Ia not the only reason for the differ.
ence: however, a careful study Of the
records OF these herds indicated that
silage is very essential. The owner OF
the Improbable herd has been living
next 10 a man who had a silo for a
number OF years. yet he did not real
ize its usefulness until he saw these
figures, after which he built a silo at
once.
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
PROTECTION GIVEN TO TREES
Danger Of Barking Can 30 Avoided
by Driving Stakes or Wrapping
With Wire Fencing.

Many fruit trees are seriously IN.
jured. or even killed. by being barked
with a singletree in cultivating. II
takes very careful man 10 get
through the season IN cultivating the
orchard without doing any injury. On
the average farm where the orchard Is
Of minor importance. the farm hands
and even the owner are careless and
bark many trees. This danger can he
Evening journal., 1912-06-12

bolted to the tongue 30 inches for.
ward on the arch writes F. r. Mschin
of Russell. Kan. in the Farmers
Mail and Breeze. Put a cievis In the
front end Of the tongue and connect
this by means of a ring to the clevis
on the evener In using a 9-section
harrow remove the center adjusting
lever.
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
QUALITIES OF BROWN SWISS
Not the Least Pleasant Feature In
Connection With Breed ls Unusu-
al Freedom From Disease

We are milking in our dairy about
t20 COWS. about 75 per cent. of which
are full blood or grade Swiss cows, as
from our experience we have found
Them more persistent mixers than
Dther breeds and they keep in better
condition on the same feed, and, all
around, are the most satisfactory
cows we have been able to obtain.
The herd average of milk is AZ per
cent. OF course, We have found what
we considered Improbable COWS
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
smiths MIX Stool.

a solid shelf for the pail. This stool
has a leg or support at the outer end
OF the milk pail shelf.
The stool in the lower picture IS the
kind used by the editor OF the Agri.
culturist for years. We had several
OF these stools and found them most
convenient and comfortable. We gave
them a good scrubblng once a week.
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
seIIIno Farm pIeoemeaI.

The man who puts all his depend.
ence on growing wheat Or any other
indigenous crop. and who sells that
crop OF to be shipped out of the coun-
try. and keeps that up. Is simply TAX
ing HIS farm fertility out piecemeal
and sending II by fast freight TO the
ends of the earth, never to come back
again
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
YOUNG Tress In orohards.

Young trees planted in an old or
chard very seldom give satisfaction.
This is largely for the reason that
young trees need different care from
old ones, and also because the young
trees will hardly receive as much sun
shine as they should because OF the
shade they will get from the older
trees.
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
TRAIN TOMATOES TO STAKES
Secret Of Growing First Class Crop
ExpIalned-seleet Good Ground
and Use Fertilizer.

The secret Of growing first class
tomatoes may be explained IN a few
words. This method Of cultivating to4
matoes does away with all the un-
certainties and assures good crop.
writes G. P. Bowesley In the Farm
and Home. Select a good piece OF
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
DEVICE FOR PULLING TREES
Apparatus Shown In Illustration Found
Entirely Satisfactory In Remov-
ing Brush.

For removing bushes and small
trees the device illustrated herewith
has proved very satisfactory. Il con-
sists Of a five or six-foot stick Of
round, tough wood such as hickory,
and, say, three inches in diameter.
with single-tree attached at one end
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
Buying Dairy Cow.

II Is mistake to huy a COW for the
dairy herd solely on The recommenda.
ton that she is an easy keeper
meaning, OF course. that she will con-
sumo but little feed. The only COW
worth having in the dairy herd is ono
that has the room and ability to
change large amount OF feed into
butter fat, the more the better.
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
HARROW CART EASILY MADE
Put Together by Using Frame and
Wheels Of old Worn-out cultiva-
tor--How 20 Work II.

This harrow cart is easily put to.
gether, light Of draft, and the height
of the seat enables the driver to get
up out of the dust. It Is made of the
frame and wheels Of an old worn out
cultivator and the tongue is a piece
Of 2 by 4, 10 feet long. Bolt the
tongue to the arch - inches from the
end and 3 inches from the end bolt
on a seat. Braces from the axles are
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
Life Of Peach Trees.

It is claimed that the most profitable
period In the life of a peach tree is
from 4 10 years. From a peach cen
sus taken last year in Orange county,
n. Y, II seems that thorough cultiva-
tion is more essential to the peach
tree than either pruning or spraying.
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
Degeneration Of Po.atna..

One reason why potatoes have do
generated in the past is that the po-
tato growers Of the United States have
planted their culls and screenings un.
der the erroneous impression that such
methods in seed selection would pro.
duce as good results as any other.
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
Watsrlnn Piants-

When you water your plants do not
merely sprinkle little with the water
ing pot. 1t is better 20 take of the
spout once week and give the ground
a thorough soaking.
Evening journal., 1912-06-12

and a trace chain at the other The
chain is passed around the sapling
and hooked to the pole. says the Or
ange Judd Farmer. While a horse
pulls the roots are cut with an AZ on
the opposite side. and soon the tree
comes out with q rush.
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
our Bad Roads.

The cost Of hauling over our ooun-
try roads is now about 2S cents per
ton per mile In European countries
the cost Is below ten cents. Our bad
roads are an expensive proposition.
Evening journal., 1912-06-12

ing how strap is fastened 10 whifhe-
tree. This trap should be made long
enough to hook directly on the handle.
n desired, leaving nothing but smooth
leather to come in contact with the
trees.
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
IncreasIno Yield.

Where the sod is fair It may be
treated with commercial fertilizer any
time in April and the yield greatly In
creased.
Evening journal., 1912-06-12

and when not in use they we're hung
up in the stable. The space under the
seat was used to hold a damp cloth
which was used on each cows udder
before milking.
Evening journal., 1912-06-12
TubercuIosIs eaoIIII In autt,r

TUBERCULOSIS Baciill In Butter.
=. Butter which was made from tuber-
eulous milk has been known 10 infect
guinea pigs from 10 to 20 days after
khs date Of fts manufacture ---~--' So
Evening journal., 1912-06-12

solved in a pail Of water, the poison
stirred in, and the whole mixed with
the droppings in a half barrel.
Scatter II about the fields we'll, IN
quantity according to number of
grasshoppers.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1912-02-01

One lot Suits in Scotch Mixtures,
formerly 9 y. $780, now $895