davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1912-12-27


,,;.nce that gathered last
ne Auditorium to see the
'.. po,pourri were more thah
I'LL. with the charming entertain
rhis dainty medley was gwen
children of the public schoo.
benefit of the library tuna
I, /, Womans Club.
rse children had been chosen with
III reference to the part each
= ri and much natural talent
si.played. That they had oeeh
...,.r ,aretuI and able training was
Also EVIDENT.
~ onrse the music by McHenry $
,.s.ra was good. This organlza-
.,or oue in which Lakeland reels
, cr4a, deal of pride.
Th. first children to appear on the
sag. were Hobson Strain and Anna
ZONES representing brother and a
sister At home, with the cOlored maid
,or company. The part OF the colored
aid was played by Sadie klausmeir
N very comical manner and the
nher two gave their lines in charm
jncly natural tone. The difficult part
nj ,nf snow man was well taken by j..
Nc.endon. Then appeared Dem
Nh Edmonton. Blanch Johnson ana
Lester Barton, all looking very life
like or unlifelike. whatever story
book children ought to look. Harry
Williams. as Uncle Remus, caused
much merrimeat as he shuffled about
The stage
L Inc second part. the children OF
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1912-12-27
Bible Was Put Into Rhyme.

Versifications, not only of the
Psalms but of the other books of the
Bible. were numerous in the sixteenth
century. One of the most prolific
versiflers was William Hunnis, who,
under such fanciful titles as Seven
sobs of a Sorrowful Soul for Sin,'
"A Handful of Honeysuckles," "A
Hiveful of Honey" ETC., published .
number of rhyming versions of Gene.
sic and Job. which ARE now worth
their weight in gold to the biblio'
maniac.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1912-12-27
Ancients Knew Of Elevators.

That the ancient Romans knew
how to works lifts is the latest discOv.
cry reported from Rome in connection
with the Palatine excavations. Pre-
Ronldlan rema as 1--we Ocen found, in.
GLIDING II ancient lifts One of the
latter. which descends into the earliest
known 'itr. is now being cleaned and
pat into wc,.i.ing order for the Arch.
geological Congress.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1912-12-27
aMurderr Amono Animals.

Murder is not uncommon among
animals, murder" in this sense being
applied to that kind of killing that mas
nothing to do with the struggle Tor
existence. but which arises from mai
ice, pure and simple, or from down.
right passion. Storks, it seems, fire.
ouently kill members of the flock
which. at the time of migration. eitn'
er refuse to follow them or are I'M
able to do so.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1912-12-27
Hair Mussed by Lightning.

EDWARD KOneS prefers In the future
to comb his own locks and wishes
lightning would leave them alone.
When his house. in Sullivan county,
was struck the electricity plowed
small burrows about his skull. taking
the hair off his head in every place
1t touched. FIis injuries. besides de-
stroying his hair, it is said. were
slight.-PhiladeIphia North American.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1912-12-27

Wealth Derived From Tourists.
Were 1t not for the travel and resi-.
dent foreign population attracted by
religious interest, and the extensive
charitable and other contributions
which flow to it from all over the
world, Jerusalem, with a population Of
$4,000. would be of very small impor-
lance commercially. Fully two-thirds
Of its population consists Of non.pro-
ducers. who are supported from
abroad.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1912-12-27
Politlea and Eriendshln.

Have you decided how you are 60
ing to vote!" Eyes; but let's change
the subject. There's no reason why
you and l should not continue to be
friends"
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1912-12-27
Speak In Love.

The only way to speak the truth 10
70 speak lovingly. Only the lovers
words are heard. The intellect should
never speak. It does not utter nat
ural sOund.-Thoreau. :,
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1912-12-27

Ancient and Modern.
Even Alexander the Great had Tyre
troubles Lampoon.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1912-04-19
Underwood Leadership.

At the outset, the real wisdom Of the
majority members OF the House was
displayed in selecting its leader; in the
wake OF this wise step has flown results
which have surpassed most sanguine ex-
pectations. Under the Cannon regime
the Craftsmanship Of the Ways and
Means Committee carried with It the
floor leadership Of the majority but the
speaker appointed all committees. and
was the real head of his party. The
readjustment of the speakers powers
beginning in the Sixty-first Congress
eliminated at the Democratic caucus of
January 10, 1911, in the determination
70 shift the appointment of commit
tees from the speaker to the Ways and
Means Committee. The result of this
caucus was to place on Oscar w. I'm
derwood, the chairman of the Ways and
Means Committee, greater RESPONSE
bility than had heretofore devolved upon
any other member of the House, not
excepting the speaker, for while the
committees were to be elected by the
House, the election was but conhrma-
ton of the work of the Ways and
Means Committee, acting in its capacity
of committee on committees.
This new and democratic change in
the rules of the House has been opera
tive during the first and second sessions
of the Sixty-second Congress, and un-
der the sagacious management OF oscar
w. Underwood the democratic majority
has worked with remarkable celebrity,
absolute equanimity, and a direct ef-
fectiveness during both sessions. The
legislative results have been so marked
as to arouse universal interest, and
have pointed out Underwood as the
safest and ablest legislator that Con-
gress has developed in many years. SO
true is this. as measured by legislative
results, that all of the 1910 election
promises of the party, as above out
lined, have already been fulfilled; the
House rules have been liberalized; the
bill compelling the publication of CAM
paign expenses has been approved; the
constitutional amendment providing for
the popular election of United States
senator's has been passed by the House;
marked progress has been made in the
economical handling of national expen-
ditures, and an unexampled beginning
has been made in the revision of the
tariff downward to revenue basis.
The Edinburgh Revie1O, of October,
1911, reviewing the work of the first ses-
sion of this Congress, says:
oscar w. Underwood, of Ala
bama, in the Ways and Means Com
mittee and on the floor of the
House had shown great
discretion in the revision of the
wooden and cotton schedules.
The Democratic Party has increased
its strength in the Senate; and it
ended the session with no obvious
divisions within its ranks and with
out having done anything to forfeit
the confidence that the country be-
slowed on it at the elections of
1910"
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1912-04-19
Conclusion.

The fact that every tariff measure q
cept one which has thus far been pfe
sented to the Sixty-second Congress y 4.
passed the House by more than =
Democratic majority in the House y
Representatives, prompts and jus''n"
the following differences:
(l) That the revision Of the az
downward to a revenue basis in the y
terest of the consumer is pre-emino''
the issue before the people. :,
(2) That the Democratic majorfg /
the House have, during the Sixty-sec
Congress, met the Responsibilities Z
tariff revision entrusted to them Dy 7"
election of 1910.
(3) That by wise, courageous. -
efficient work the Democratic ma}"|
of the House have held their own JOB.
intact and won to their assistance ::
publican Representatives, who, app!essS 4.
ate the necessities and demands OF -
people to tighten the present exce'Ss.
tax burdens and to reduce the high o.
of living.
(4) That the real secret Of these q
fective results is found in the emo 81
and effective work of the Ways -
Means Committee under its Pop
chairman and to the splendid TO- ~,
floor leadership of the Honorable os'
w. Underwood -.
(5) That the political situasion po' y.
unmistakably to tariff revision -
1912 issue between the two greaf -
cal parties and to Underwood =
logical standard bearer for the -
Gratis.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1912-04-19
Excise Bill.

This bill provides for the extension of
the corporation-tax law so as to in
clude individuals, firms, and co-part-
nerships. 1t is estimated that it will pro-
duce more revenue than was sacrificed
by placing sugar on the free list, and
will accomplish further the very desira-
Bile purpose of transferring tax burdens
from those less able to carry them to the
shoulders of the wealthy, who have here
tofore escaped from proper share of
taxation for the support of the Gov
eminent.
Under system of national taxation
based wholly on consumption, wealth
necessarily escapes its fair share of the
burden of supporting the Government,
which gives wealth the necessary protec-
ton under which it increases its gains
On the other hand, when he purchases
for himself and family the necessities
of life, the man of meager earnings con-
tributes out of his daily wage to the
support of the Government. When a
citizen pays taxes according to his earn
ings, from whatever source, he gives
support to his Government, and receives
protection from II in a more equitable
manner than under any other plan of
taxation yet devised. If his earnings
increase his taxes increase, and Justly
so, for he is better able to pay increased
taxes. If his gains decrease, so do his
taxes. and fortunately for him, because
he is less able to pay them. A tax on
earnings is also preferable to taxes on
bought and sold commodities in that the
rate can be raised or lowered to meet
the exigencies of revenue requirements
without consequent disturbance of prices.
The burden of the present indirect
taxation falls upon people having IN
comes of less than 5000. The large
percentage Of the customs taxes is paid
by people whose incomes do not exceed
that amount. This excise bill aims to
distribute more justly the tax burden
by shifting It to the shoulders of those
of larger earnings.
Mr.. Underwood and his Democratic
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1912-04-19

colleagues on the WAYS and ".
Committee favored an income.t,r 8
but did not report such a me,sn,. q
the following reasons: Cd The Sm,.s
Court has declared general inr,s.
tax law unconstitutional for l,cI \
power to apportion it and proyision L
been made whereby the States are !.
considering the acceptance or rei.r,.
of a proposed sixteenth amendm,rs !.
the Constitution giving to Conprem 4
undisputed authority to impose ,wt \
general tax; and (2) following II. n
cision OF the Supreme Cour, uphOS.
the constitutionality OF the existing y
poration-tax law the committee has y.
ceived the idea OF extending the M
sions of this law in the manner ~
posed in the Underwood bill, seekiusr \
secure in this way the practical r,;.s
OF an income-tax law without yiojnr,
the ruling of the Supreme Court Il 4
jecting the income-tax law Of 1891
The proposed income-tax amendna
has been favorably voted upon by 4
States, leaving only the votes Of 8 Stau
yet required for its approval. N
enactment of the Underwood bin n
serve the valuable purpose Of meetjY
the immediate revenue requirements n
at the same time prepare the public mil
for a fuller appreciation OF the justu
and desirability of an income-tax M
(See House Report, No. 4l6, Sut
second Congress, LIST Session.)
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1912-04-19
Metals.

A very thorough revision was made
of the metal schedule by the Underwood
bill of this session. it reduced the ad
valorem rate of duty from 1886 per
cent on imports of 1910 to 22.42 per
cent. This indicates saving to Ameri-
can consumers in the course of year
of more than eighty millions of dollars,
causing at the same time loss to the
Treasury of only about four and three
quarter millions of dollars.
A survey of the iron and steel indus
try shows convincingly that it has
reached a position of such strength and
independence that the industry does not
need the helping hand of the govern
ment in order to stand in competition
with foreign countries. This desirable
state of affairs has been reached as a
result of progressive improvements in
industrial methods coincident with steady
reductions of the tariff, which have i'm
pressed upon steel producers the neces-
sity of shaping their methods in accord
ance with the recent inventions and proc
esses and with the principles of effec-
tive business organization. Under these
conditions the Ways and Means Com
mittee feels warranted in recommending
that the duties on metals and manufac-
lures thereof be placed upon distinct
ly revenue basis, while definitely ad-
herring to the object of securing from
the Treasury as large an income as can
be obtained from this schedule consis-
tent with conserving the general inter-
ests of the consumers. (See House
Report. No. $50, Seixty-second Con-
gress, LIST Session.)
In his speech delivered on the Metal
Bill in the House of Representatives on
January Is. 1917, Mr.. Underwood said:
81 do not believe to-day that I as
q manufacturer of pig iron and you
as a producer of steel rails have
any more right to have the Coy
eminent protect your profits than
has the banker, the broker, or the
baker to have the Government pro-
tect his profits. II you are going to
protect profits, why do you not pro-
tect the wages of labor as well as
the profits Of the manufacturer?
believe that the only function of
levying taxes at the customs house
is to levy them for the necessary
revenue for the Government and l
believe that in this bill the Demo-
cratic Committee on Ways and
Means have cut out the protection
of profits and presented to the
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1912-04-19
Underwood's Speech.

In his speech on the Free List Bill
delivered in the House of Represents
ives, May 2, 1911 Congressional Rec
'rd, PIP. 7o4 to 1867, Mr.. Underwoo
aid:
II believe that the American
manufacturer and the American
producer are entitled to large per-
centage of the American market,
but they are not entitled to a mo-
nopoly. They are entitled to fair
opportunity to dispose of their goods
at home, but they are not entitled
to have the tariff wall built so high
that it prohibits competition and
gives them a chance, by combina-
tons at home, to exploit the Amer
lean people for the benefit of them
selves. A reasonable reduction of
the tariff to a competitive basis,
where there is a chance for fair
competition to regulate prices, will
not only be beneficial to the Amer
lean people, but will increase the
revenue at the customs houses.
"The first articles we place on the
free list are agricultural implements.
Our domestic production of agricul-
tural implements amount to over
$lllO00,000; we import less than
$l65OO0 and exported during the
last fiscal year over $28,00.000.
After paying the freight and some
times adverse tariff rates to get into
foreign countries, our manufactur-
ers Of these farming implements are
able to compete with manufacturers
there and sell = very large percent
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1912-04-19
Cotton.

The Underwood bill passed the House
at the first session of this Congress,
proposed to reduce the ad valorem rate
on cotton manufactures from 48l2 per
cent to U06 per cent, a reduction Of
the tariff burdens under this one sched-
ule from not less than two hundred
millions to about one hundred and
twelve millions of dollars for a year or
a saving Of about $88,0OO,O00 for a r.
month period. The estimated loss in
revenue, because of this very material
and much-needed relief to the people,
would have cost the Treasury only about
three millions of dollars, which means
that for every dollar lost to the Treas
ury by the enactment of this bill, the
tax burdens of the people would have
been lessened by about 5000.
In the report of the Ways and Means
Committee on the cotton bill blouse
Report No. IS, Sixty-second Congress,
LIST Sess.), submitted by Mr.. Under
wood to the House of Representatives.
is this statement:
"If it Is assumed that only about
one-half of the rate of duty is ac-
tually effective, that is, increases do
nestle prices, and, of course, the
duty is only protective in proportion
as il really does raise domestic
prices, then II may be estimated that
the domestic consumption 10 IN 9
creased in price to the people
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1912-04-19

The figures of this table are based
upon official statistics of the Govern
ment. The consumption statistics are
obtained by combining the production
and import figures and deducting the
exports. The production figures used are
those of the u. S. Census Bureau, the
imports and exports which enter into the
compilation are as published by the
Bureau of Statistics of the Department
of Commerce and Labor. Except in
the cost of sugar, where according to
the testimony, the full amount of the
duty went into the price paid by the
consumers, it has been the plan to
reckon that the duty has been so per
cent effective in increasing prices.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1912-04-19

duties on food products, the necessarie'
of life.
In his speech defending this agree
ment made in the House Of Represen
ta,ives, April Fl, 1911, Mr.. Underwood
said:
"This bill marks the end of an
era in the economic life of the Ma
ton. Why? Not that the imme-
date results will be far-reaching,
but because it takes one step in the
right direction, step away from
the exclusive protective policy. q
step toward an honest competitive
policy. The advocates of the Re-
publican policy OF protection have
always heretofore insisted that
reciprocal trade agreements should
only be made to affect non-com-
peting products.
This bill embraces in its terms
competitive products OF both nations
and recognizes the Democratic posi-
ton that no tariff law is either war
ranted or just that protects the prof.
its of the producer and destroys
honest competition"
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1912-04-19
Canadian Reciprocity.

The first tariff work of this Congress
was the Canadian Reciprocity Agree
ment, which prompted the President to
assemble Congress in the extraordinary
session of April 4, 1911. So marked
was the dispatch and effectiveness with
which Mr.. Underwood handled the Ca
madam Reciprocity Agreement in the
WAYS and Means Committee and on
the floor of the House that the meas
ure was passed within three weeks after
the converting Of Congress. This bill
was fully in accord with Democratic
principles, reducing. As II did, the tariff
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1912-04-19
Farmers Free List Bill.

The adoption of the Canadian reci-
procity agreement involved the necessity
of further immediate legislative action
removing duties on like imports from
other countries, in order that injustice
might not be done our agricultural pro-
ducers, who, in the Canadian reciprocity
agreement, lost the protection on GER
tain Of their products without the recip-
rocal removal of protective duties from
articles needed in sustaining their lives
and industries. To Offset this condition
and properly to care for the agricul-
tural masses, the Ways and Means Com
mittee submitted to the House imme-
diately after the passage of the Cana.
dian reciprocity agreement the so-called
Farmers Free List Bill" The re-
suits which would have followed the
enactment of the free list bill, meas
uring the great saving to the people
which would have been realized, are set
forth in this table:
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1912-04-19

There are 230 Democrats in the Houx:
of Representatives, l6l Republicans, ana
one Socialist. The Democratic majority
therefore, is 68. AS shown by the RI
ord of the passage votes, every Undei'
wood bill except that revising the Chem
ical Schedule received not only the solh
support of the Democrats in the Houx
but enlisted many Republicans Whnss'
as stated, the Democratic majority y
only IS, the free list bill passed with y !
majority of ~; the wool bill BY w
majority of last session and by ~ Or
jority this session; the cotton bill y
liz majority; metal bill by l0l majoini!yyi
and the excise bill by majority Of "
votes.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1912-04-19
Ways and Means House Representatives

House a purely revenue measure.
You could not destroy the
iron and steel business of this
country if you put every item
in it on the free list. This great in
dustry is able to sustain itself, and,
more than that, it has protection
in large part of this country, not
due to legislative enactinents, but
due to the law OF gravity"
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1912-04-19

Wool.
The overwhelming manner in which
the Democratic Party was given the
control OF the House of Representatives
in the election OF 1910 clearly repu-
dated the Republican failures at tariff
reform in the Payne-Aldrich Act OF
1909 and plainly instructed the Demo
Gratis to proceed at the earliest prac-
ticable moment with downward revi-
sion. Hence it was that upon the con-
vening OF the Sixty-second Congress in
the special session Of April 4, 1911. the
Ways and Means Committee, under the
guidance of Underwood as Chairman,
in an effort to make Immediately effec-
tive the mandates of the people with
regard to tariff revision, at once applied
itself to the work OF revising Schedule
K, which the President of the United
States had so repeatedly detained ut
terly indefensible.
The Underwood bill was the result of
elaborate and painstaking Investigations,
during which all the information avail
able with regard to the production and
manufacture of wool was assembled and
examined. The rates of duty worked
out and embodied in this bill were fixed
without any reference whatever to pro-
lection, but with an intent to reduce
the "indefensible" rates which have been
so long a burden to the consumer and
with the only other view of producing
the necessary revenue from this sched-
ule. This bill reduced the average rate
of duty on wool manufactures (im-
ports of 1910 from o0.10 per cent to
Ass per cent. The analysis of the
Report of the Tariff Board failed to
reveal anything that required a single
change in the rates fixed therein, and
Mr.. Underwood and his committee
again presented without any change
the results of the committees investiga-
ton of last summer, and embodied in
the bill presented to the House at that
time. Therefore, the only real effect
Of the l2-months' delay in the revision
of Schedule K, based upon the ne
cessity, as stated by the President, of
awaiting the report of the Tariff Board,
was to allow manufacturers another
year of excessive rates and to compel
the people to pay for their wooden cloth
ing during the year over $50,OOO,0OO
more than they would have paid under
the rates of the Underwood Bill.
blouse Report No. As, cd Congress, LIST
SESSION. In his speech, delivered in
the House of Representatives March
%, 1912, Mr.. Underwood showed that
the practice of the Republicans in adj
herring to specific duties in the Wool
Schedule was to conceal from the pub
lie the real effect of the rates. Under
the Republican Wool Bill of this ses-
sion, which was framed through the
assistance of the Tariff Board, the high
rates of duty were placed upon the
cheaper goods used by the poor people
and lower rates on the more expensive
articles used by the rich. Furthermore,
when carpet woods are used in the man.
ufacturing of the cheap clothing for
the poor-and such is the case to some
extent-the duty would be increased by
the Payne proposed bill from the rate
of the present act of cents per pound
to T. cents in the Republican proposed
bill, an increase of rs per cent. This is
a serious Joker on the poor people of
the country.