davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28
in RUSSELL GULCH

Samuel Roberts came UP from Ar.
vada Sunday to attend the funeral OF
his son.
School closed yesterday and win
remain closed the remainder of the
week.
A number of the local sports went
hunting Sunday. They bagged Is raib-
bits.
The Rockford mime closed down this
week, out OF respect for Jerry Will
iams and will remain closed until af-
ter the funeral.
Mark Harris went to Denver Satam-
day to recuperate from sick spell.
w. p. Williams came up from the
valley this week to attend the funer-
al of his brother.
Quite few from here attended the
turkey shoot of the Gdlpin Trap club
Sunday.
Prof. Farmer left this morning for
Denver
The body of Richard Roberts, who
died in Arvada of quick consumption,
was brought to Russell Gulch for in
terment Monday morning. The boy
was 19 years of age and was born
in Russell, where the family resided
until six years ago.
The Sunday school will meet next
Sunday, December list, at 10 a. m. !;
Epwor1th League at $50 p. M, led by
the pastor. Preaching at Z. Miss Al
berta Matthews will sing Miss Mar
jorie Mellow's solo last Sunday norm
ing was much enjoyed.
The entertainment and luncheon
given by tie Epworth League last
Saturday in the /. o. o. F. hall on
Saturday night was a success in
every way. All who attended report
having had a fine time. The Russell
Gulch folk have am abundance of tai
ent along various lines.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28
THE INTERNATIONAL "sEN-HuR.

London acknowledged herself as
vanquished m the art of stage pro-
duction when Klaw and Erlanger's
great spect acle ssBen-Hur' was pres
ented at the Theatre Royal, Drury
Lane last January. Even the critics
whose caustic pens have punctured
American hopes of dramatic glory in
the English metropolis many a time
and oft, found themselves unable to
pick flaw in the new production of
General Wallace's play. With one
voice the press and the public hailed
this spectacle as the greatest ever
shown in Lon1cn even on the historic
stage of Drury Lane, where the
Christmas pantomimes for more than
a hundred years have been consider
ed the acme of stage beauty and
spectacular realism. Not even Sir
Henry Irving's splendidly dressed re-
vivals of the Shakespearean classics,
nor Sir Beerbohm Trees productions
at His Majesty's have ever equalled
the realism and beauty of the Klaw
and Erlanger presentation of "Ben-
Hur." 1t WAS the determination of
these gentlemen to show the British
public that America leads in the art
Of stage equipment as she leads in
many Of the other arts and crafts.
and they have succeeded beyond their
greatest expectations. The produc-
tion of Ben Hur" shown i'm London
was that which was seen last season
at the New Amsterdam Theatre, New
York. The season at Drury Lane has
just closed, the Wallace spectacle
having made a phenomenal run Of
six months. The gross takimgs of
the engagement equalled those of the
greatest previous successes in the
history of Drairy Lane. The engage
ment just ended was the second that
"Ben-Hm" had played in London, the
first occurring ten years ago, In 1902,
just at the time of the death of
Queen Victoria, which cast a gloom
over England, but the cloud did not
dim even at that time the success Of
"Ben-Hair." However, IN its present re
vival in England. 1t has collapsed in
every manner and degree its former
artistic and financial success.
This miGhty production has been
brought back to America and will be
staged at the Broadway theatre, the
entire week Of December 9, with
matinees on Thursday and Saturday.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28
NEVADAV|LLE NOTES

There will be the regular religious
services at this place next Sunday,
december LIST, 1912. Sunday school at
z:oo p. m.; preaching by the pastor
at $3.50. There will be the annual ell
ectIon OF Sunday school officers at
S:3o, December 10Th. The pastor will
preach on that evening and Mrs. Min.
nis will sing.
ii. Bolsdnger, Jr., after spending a
couple of weeks in Denver and vicin-
ity, returned home last Thursday.
Patrick Reid left for Denver Nom
day' from which place he left Tues
day for Georgetown to take charge
as foreman of a big property.
ALBERT Curnow and John Lying left
for Georgetown last Friday, where
rhey intend to work. They will make
the dirt hy,according to their friends.
A Curnow got as far as Denver a
week ago ON his intended "trip to
Cripple Creek. He came back within
a weeks time to place his feet UNI
der mas table.
John Kraemer returned from Den.
Yer last Monday, looking much bet
ter, having dismissed all worry from
his mind.
Mrs. ]. Williams returned from Den
Yer Saturday.
Frank Rickard returned from Alice
on Friday.
ID. c. Bolsinger made his regular
weekly trip to Denver Sunday.
A little daughter was born to Mr.,
and Mrs. Emmett Tuck last Friday.
All is sunshine around the Tuck DOM
icile.
Mrs. w. Dickerson and sister and
two daughters left Saturday for Chi
cago.
John Davey left for Denver satur-
day on business.
Ben Waters left for Golden the
past week, where he intends to re-
main.
II. Armfield returned ON Saturday
from a trip to Denver.
Hubert Rolsinger left during the
week for Denver.
VIM Waters has been doing as
sessment work ON the German prop
erty the past week.
Richard Eddy and family moved
from Alice to Nevada Saturday.
John Williams returned from Dem
yer, where he had been spending a
couple of weeks.
Ed. Hambly came up from Denver
Sunday. on visit to his mother.
Hugh Lawry filled the pulpit in
the NJ. E. church Sunday night.
James Richards came up from Dem
Yer Monday.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28
WELL KNOWN CITIZEN WEBS.

John Roberts was married in Den
YER Tuesday at ST. Johns cathedral,
by the Rev. Coulin, to Louise Curtis
Treloar, of Buena Vista. The bride
WAS a resident of Nevada years ago.
The two have known each other for
long time, having gone to school
together in the old country % years
ago. They will make their home in
Central month or two before taking
up permanent residence in Buena Wis.
ia. Friends in Gilpin county extend
congratulations.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28

Is the county judgship a state of
flee? We understand that Judge w.
S. Hobbs contends that it is. in view
of the decision handed down by the
supreme court in the case of John
r. Dixon Of Denver. Therefore, it is
stated that Judge Hobbs will refuse
to surrender the office in this coun-
ty to his successor, holding that the
certificate Of nomination should have
been filed with the secretary of
state instead of the county clerk. A
contest Is sure to follow. Clear
Creek Miner.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28
CARD OF THANKS.

We wish to thank all our friends,
the Ladies' Aid and the Rebekah lodge
OF Russell Gulch, for all the Kindness
and assistance rendered us I'm the
death and burial Of our beloved son,
brother and nephew. Richard s. Rob-
erts; also for the beautiful flowers.
Mr.. and Mrs. S. Roberts,
Irene and Percy Roberts.
Mr.. and Mrs. r. H. Rickard.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28
METHODIST CHURCH NOTES.

We are thankful:
That Miss Grace Rule was able to
preside at the organ last Sunday
morning, after being confined at her
home by illness.
That our Sunday school is growing
attendance last Sunday, 12O.
That our Epworth League is grow
ing in interest and attendance.
That the Ladies' Aid is happy over
the success OF their "Trip Around the
World" supper, netting $4,000.
That our last Sunday evening con-
gregation was the best yet.
That We are alive and enjoy Gods
choisest blessings.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28

A. p. Boulter, the we'll known
residing below Black Hawk
was married in Boulder on the 23rd
dnst. to Miss Delphine Pickell. of
Denver. Rev. r. II. Forester, at
one time the Methodist minister in
this city. performed the ceremony.
The couple will reside in Gilpln coun-
ty with the best wishes OF wide cir
Gle OF friends.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28
GALL FOR WARRANTS.

Parties holding registered warrants
issued by the City Of Central. mark.
ed either "City" or Water" dated
prior to April LIST. 1909, and bearing
any number below S565. are requeste
to present the same for payment on
or before Saturday, December 7th
1912. Interest on said warrants will
cease on that date.
Dated ut Central City. Colorado, NJ
vember 18th, 1912.
M. ]. LEAHY, City Treasurer.
First pub Nov. 21 last Nov. 2S, 1912
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28

The pastor officiated at the funeral
OF Richie Roberts, of Arvada, at Rus
sell Gulch Monday at 2 o'clock.
Program for December LIST, 1912:
The pastor leads the class meeting
at 10 a. m. Thoughts On My Secret
Life" will be the topic.
The pastor will preach at II a. m.
Sunday school, 2:45 p. m. C. o. Rich
ards. superintendent Lesson, 1.-The
Llnatic Boy" Mark 9:14-29.
We are beginning to make prepar-
ations for Christmas.
Epworth League devotional meet
dng 6:15 p. m. Topic, Sending Forth
Messengers; Developing Leaders by
Giving Men Responsibility and a Com
stituency." Mark 6:7-1S. Exod. 1918.
22.
Evening preaching o'clock.
"Wednesday evening prayer meeting
7:30 o'clock.
The ladies Aid meets with Mrs.
McCalhster next Thursday at $3.50
p. m.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28

DIR. VIM. Singleton, the eminent eye
sight specialist. will again be in Cen
tral City on December 3rd and 4th.
at the Teller House. See this spec
iahst about your weak eyes. Refrac-
ton work correctly and properly done
No glasses prescribed unless really
beneficial. Eyes tested free. Call
EARLY for your optical work.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28

DR.. VIM. Singleton, eve sight spec
taltst, Will again be at the Teller
House in Central City. on the 3rd
and 4th Of December. See him about
those headaches. nervous and dizzy
feeling. Probably the trouble is from
poor or bad vision. DR.. Singeiton's
patients are his references. Ask them.
Don't forget the date. December 3rd
and 4th at the Teller House. Eyes
tested free Of charge. Call early for
examination.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28
MENTION

John Roberts left for Denver Satur-
day with matrimonial intentions.
Morris Hazard is spending Thanks
giving in Denver with his wife.
H. c. Browne, of the German mine,
left for Denver Saturday afternoon
on business "trip.
Conrad Goebel went to Denver Sat-
urday to see it the old town had inn
proved amy since his last visit.
9ames Brown, the crack hunter and
nsherman, was visitor to the valley
the latter part of the week.
MIS- Henry Altvater, Sr., who had
Deen visiting her son, returned Sat-
urday afternoon to her home i'm Dem
yer.
Miss Lulu Davidson was a passen-
ger to the valley Sunday morning.
Chas- Trenoweth and wife were
among the visitors to Denver Sunday.
Mrs. Geo. D. Henderson and dau-
ghter went to Denver Sunday.
VIM. Bray, of the Eureka mine, left
for Denver Monday morning on busi-
ness.
NJ. ]. Gabardi made a business trip
to Denver the fore part of the week.
Miss E. Davis, the milliner at Mrs.
Ross, left Monday for Denver. She
Will remain there until her eye is
cured and will then go to California.
Mrs. c. E. Wiley, son and daughter
left Monday morning for California to
spend the winter.
Mrs. L. Mack was an arrival from
Denver Monday evening.
Mrs. Nellie Tollman and son. Jazz.
OF Cripple Creek, are here for Thanks
giving, visiting Mr.. and Mrs. A. H.
Day.
H. P. Lowe went to Denver Tues
day morning on a business trip.
Oscar Williams went to Denver ON
Tuesday to buy a team of draft hor-
ses weighing 3,10O pounds. Will Sib-
ley went down to bring them back.
Mrs. w. o. Jenkins was among the
Centralites to leave Tuesday for Dem
yer.
Miss Nellie Bruhl was a visitor to
Denver Tuesday.
Sam Roberts and family left for tie
valley Tuesday afternoon.
~. epeeder was taken to the hos
pital in Denver Tuesday afternoon by
Sheriff Mitchell.
E. w. Williams was up from Denver
this week on business.
John C. Jenkins returned to Den
Yer Tuesday afternoon.
j. E. Lightbourn was passenger
to Denver Wednesday morning.
H. p. Altyater made business
trip to Denver yesterday.
L. J. Rachofsky is spending a day
or two in Denver with his mother ant
sisters.
Robt, Bennett went to Denver yes
terday.t
l.. j., Williams and family left yes
terday for the valley to spend a few
days.
H. J. Williams and wife are spend
ing Thanksgiving in Denver.
Ia. P. Davies is spending Thanks,
giving with his family.
w. o. Jenkins went to Denver yes
terday.
Forbes Richard was up from Den
yer this week on mining business.
r r. .Demeter and wife went tc
Denver yesterday.
Miss Florence johnson was an ar
rival Wednesday evening from Victor
to spend Thanksgiving with her par
ents.
Miss Gertrude Zahm and mother
are visiting the Asquith family.
The McShane family came up from
the ranch last evening.
Mrs. Chas. Cox came UP from Den.
ver to spend THANKSGIVING.
G. w. Adams and wife went tc
Denver this morning.
James Moody and wife were pas
sengers to Denver this morning.
VIM. Quiller went to Denver this
morning.
Mrs. Fred Rogers went to Denver
this morning.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28

People from Central and surround
dng towns Of the county turned out
in numbers Sunday at the turkey
shoot Of the Gilpin County Trap club
Some were lucky and others regretted
their i'll duck.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28

Rev. Father Naughton left Tuesday
morning for Chicago. to spend Thanks
giving with relatives. Rev. Father Fer
raa'i. Of Denver will look after Father
Naughton's flock while he is away.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28
TO THE PUBLIC.

Henceforth and during the winter
months. moving pictures will be
shown at the opera house on We'd
nesday. Saturday and Sunday even
ings of each week. Admission 10c.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28

The Catholic Tirol society win pa
rasde on st. Barbara's day. wednes-
day. December 14th, and will attend
Mass and listen to a sermon on their
patron Saint.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28

The st. Anne society win give their
annual ball on New Years eve, Dec.
ember 31st. in the Armory. This af-
fair is recognized as the leading So
cial event OF the season.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28

The Eagles will hold the annual ell
cotton OF officers at their meeting
next Monday evening, and all mem
bers are requested to attend. Three
will be turkey banquet.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28
BLACK HAWK NEWS

Prof. Ware was passenger ON the
afternoon train to Denver, yesterday.
Miss Hopkins left yesterday for
Greeley, to spend Thanksgiving.
John H. Hamilton drove to Wide
awake Tuesday to place machinery on
THE Pine Comb mine.
AIT the weekly meeting OF the Wom-
en- of Woodcraft, No. 1888, the follow
ing officers we're elected for the en-
suing term:
Past Guardian Neighbor-Ahna Nord-
lein,
Guardian Neighbor-Cora Hinkle
Adviser-Pearl Curry.
Maigician-Hazel Tabb.
Clerk-Katherine Miller.
Banker-Elsie Tomlinson.
Attendant-Ev Niccum.
Inner Sentinel-NIae Fairchild.
Outer Sentinel-Kate Kriley.,
Captain of Guards-Sophie James.
Manager. 1S months-Ameha Taylor.
Installing Officer-Effie Tabb.
Our old friends, Tom and Jerry
have put in their appearance at
Crooks Palace.
A. NJ. Fairchild and family left on
the afternoon train yesterday for Dem
YER, to spend Thanksgiving.
James Moody entertained Tuesday
evening. Among these present were:
Mr.. and Mrs. Judy, Mr.. and Mrs.
Pullman, Humphrey Williams and fam
lily, James Rule and family. U. S. Par.
sons and family.
The Misses Florence and Helen
Crook left yesterday afternoon for
Idaho Springs to spend Thanksgiv-
ing with their sisters.
Woodmen of the World, No. 5O4, ell
ected the following officers at their
meeting, held Monday night:
p. C. C.-George Kurtz.
C. C.-Russell Taylor.
A. L.-F'rances Dollahan.t
Charles Niccum.
Banker-Joseph Borzago.
Clerk. Charles Klais.
Watchman-John Curry.
Sentinel-John Kirk.
Physfcian-Dr. C. NJ. Froid.
Manager IS months-George Kurtz.
Manager IL months Charles Daley.
Manager months-C Chatfield.
Manager month-Otto Blake.
Miss Amelia Gabardi returned from
q visit to Boulder, Saturday.
Joseph Battai Is rejoicing over the
arrival of ten-pound daughter at
his home ON High street
Curtis Rundquist left for a visit to
Golden yesterday.
Beyrl Backus is spending Thanks
giving at the Robins ranch.
Miss Emma Grutzmacher came In
from Apex to enjoy the holiday with
her parents.
John Stroehle made business trip
to Denver, Monday.
George Hughes is in from lump
gilch to spend Thanksgiving.
ADD BLACK HAWK
A baby girl was born on the 21st
inst, to Mr.. and Mrs. Emmett Nor
rAs
The public is invited to attend the
religious services at this place next
Sunday, December 1st, 1912. The Sum-
day school viii meet at 10 a. m;
preaching at II a. m.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28

Watch Rapin's show window and
see the many beautiful things he will
have to offer the Xmas shoppers.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28

Don't forget about doing your shop
ping early. This applies to Christ
mas buyers.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28

Hawley's carry everything to b
found in an up-to-date grocery.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28

Mrs. Bitzenhoffer has been quite
Ill this week with acute indigestion.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28

Hawley carries the freshest line Of
fruits In town.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28

Get the best for the least money
at Philips.
Gilpin observer., 1912-11-28

Read the Observer. ,a.oo per year.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1912-02-16
Home Endorsement
Hundreds of Westminster Citizens Can
Tell You ALI About 1T.

Home endorsement, the public ex-
preston Of Westminster people, should
be evidence beyond dispute for every
Westminster reader. Surely the ex-
perience of friends and neighbors,
cheerfully given by them, will carry
more weight than the utterances Of
strangers residing in faraway places.
Read the following:
Charles III. Campbell, butcher, John
St., Westminster, Md, says: I'm 1907
7 gave a statement for publication in
praise OF Doan's Kidney Pills and at
this time / confirm all I then said: l
had considerable trouble from my kid
neys, the most annoying symptom be-
ing irregular and painful passages Of
the kidney secretions. My back ached
intensely and sharp pains often darted
through my kidneys. I did not rest
well and arose in the morning feeling
all tired out. Hearing about Doan's
Kidney Pills, I procured supply at
Moore's Drug Store and began their
use. They helped me at once and be-
fore long my kidneys were restored to
normal condition"
For sale by all dealers. Price SO
cents. Foster-M ilburn Co., Buffalo,
New York, sole agents for the United
States.
Remember the name-Doan's-and
t-ke ne other.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1912-02-16

BROWN SPY IS in ILLINOIS
John Irvine Was Pony Scout IN Osa-
Watomie Army-He Also Served
In Army or Tennessee.

One of John Browns Kansas spies
f. living quiet life tn the hills OF
Palos township, Cook county, Illinois.
The name OF this man Is John Irvine.
He ~ now hale and hearty at seventy
five years of age, and tells some OF the
dotngs of the Free Sellers and proslav-
ers away back f1fty-five years ago a.
II they were events Of yesterday.
Irvine was one or the men to an
swer the call when the hero or Osa-
watomie spoke to crowd of Free
Sellers and said: "All you men who
are good at shootin' with rifles. step
out"
Ills greatest service was that or u
pony scout I'm making trips between
Lawrence and Westport, Mo-, at the
request of John Brown, Jim Lane and
others, to find out what the pro-slavsry
forces were doing. He was accom-
panied on such trips by comrade,
Billy Henry, and from that day the
two were known a. the pony scouts.
John Irvine at that time was barely
twenty years old. He was the son Of
contractor at Sandusky, o., and at
the very sart of the movement OF the
Free Soil adherents to populate the
new territory with people who would
vote It a free state. he joined what
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1912-02-16

was known as the Ohio party, body
OF about seventy-five determined men
to represent the Buckeye state, just az
other companies had left other states,
many of them from the far east, to
fight against slavery on the prairtes OF
Kansas.
The Ohio party in April, 1856, went
by rail to Louisville, and thence to ST.
Louis by the steamboat Alva Adams.
There they reshippeo, taking the Polar
Star on the Mississippi, and steamed
up the Missouri to Kansas City,
thence overland to Lawrence, which
border war days.
It wasn't long until Irvine had a
speaking acquaintance with the man
who two years after planned and start
ed to carry out one of the nerv1est, III
the most foolish, undertakings tn the
history Of the war, with which the
Buckeye follower had no sympathy,
however much he helped to back him
up In Kansas.
This man probably could tell, were
he so minded, who 1t was who fired
an historic shot at Lawrence. One
Sam Jones, an avoWed pro-sIaver, had
come up from Missouri to make some
arrests. Jones had gone into a tent
at night and while there he cast his
own shadow on the wall of the tent
It was then that rifle shot rang out
In the night air and Jones measured
his length on the ground under the
canvas. Jones was not killed, but the
incident served to greatly excite the
two parties, each bent on beating the
other. Jones and his followers had
no trouble in getting assistance from
the United States cavalry quartered
I'm that region. Many of the soldiers
openly sympat -'-r| with the pro-slav-
rying out their plans.
When Irvine was asked where he
was most VI the time up to the day
when Brown left Kansas and started
south to free the slaves, he said that
he was In the saddle. He was in
whacking episodes OF the Kansas Dor
der war One of the Ohio party es-
capped being hanged after the rope had
been drawn up two or three times
Irvine saw the burning of the Free
Soil hotel In Lawrence and he saw
from his saddle the advance OF 2,7OO
Missourians who had invaded the ter
ritory for the purpose Of running out
the Free Sellers. The advance of the
invaders could be seen from Law
renee, making their way out or Frank
lin, a small village to the east Some
of the oncoming hosts were horseback,
some afoot, and who later were at
tackled by John Brown and a small
body OF bushwhackers who went out
to give the slavery crowd battle
Irvine says that he did not see the
fight at Osawatomie, but he knew
Cook and many Of the others who
were with Brown at Harper's ferry.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1912-02-16
PERSONAL PROPERTY FOR SALE.
"A DEMONSTRATORS SALE.
~ Or VALUABLE
STOCK
AND FARMING IMPLEMENTS.

The undersigned as administrator Of
Mary "a. Hunter, late Of Carroll county,
deceased, by virtue of an order of the
Orphans Court of Carroll county, Md,
will offer at public sale on the premises
situated on the Manchester road, about
! Of mile from Westminster, on
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1912,
at 10 a. M, the following personal
property, to-wit; One horse, pair of
mules, Ia head Of mich cows, bull, hogs
new Deering binder, mower, horse rake
and lot Of other farming implements
and personal property to be found upon
a first class farm; % acres OF growing
wheat and z acres of rye and lot OF
hay, ear corn and fodder. Also large
milk route and fixtures near Westmin-
ster.
Terms of Sale:-All sums of So, or
under, cash; on I'll sums above SIS a.
credit OF months will be given on notes
OF the purchasers with approved secu-
rity, bearing interest from day of sale.
GEO. N. HUNTER, Administrator.
Elias N. Davis, Auctioneer.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1912-02-16
Sale of Personal Properly.

On the same day and at the same
time, a. above stated, the undersigned
will offer at public sale the following
personal property, to-wit; Two bay
horses, new falling top buggy, falling
top buggy, surrey, sleigh, buggy spread,
2 sets Oh buggy harness, one set new;
set of surrey harness, set of double har-
ness, hogs, seed potatoes, vinegar and
some household and kitchen furniture.
Terms Of Sale All sums Of s., or
under, cash; on all sums above s. a
credit of six months will be given on
approved notes.
ID. JOSHUA HUNTER.
z. N. Davis, Auctioneer. feb 2 t.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1912-02-16
Not Polite.

The family had never been in the
habit of saying grace, but when the
minister took tea with them they
thought proper to bend their heads
over their plates devotedly.
All would have gone well i, the
young hopeful had not piped up:
ut amt polite to smell yer NEAL,
philadelphia Times.