davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-07-12

-:7"t
ost only half a day during the pas
ear, according to the daily record
ept by the teachers:
1 Gal-Hannaford 80.
Alexson, Jennie M.
Alexson, John M.
Arnson, Arthur T.
Arnson, Walter A.
Benson, Layton L.
Bergman, Olga M.
Dickinson, Ernest
Dickerson, Grace A.
Dillon, Dorothy l..
Ecklund, Norman
Eklund, Rudolph
Engel, George
Engel, Josephine
Gentillian, Nadzerin
Gimse, Emelia E.
Gordon, Edward y
Gordon, Miriam E.
Grabowsky, Miriam E.
Gulstrom, Elsie l..
Hadley, Lionel D.
Hagstrom, Gertrude M.
Hauta, Axel B.
Hill, Vaino J.
Hovland, Arthur J.
Johnson, Ellen l.
johnson, Elmer E..
Johnson, Joseph
Johnson, Vino
Johnson, Walfred
Jylha, Henry X.
Keith, Helen NJ.
Keith, liver
Kelly, Rose G.
King, Lawrence
Larson, Augusta A.
Larson, Mabel A.
Larson, Pearl M.
Lakonen, Lila I.
Lahti, Oura
Maxi, Jalmer M.
Manley, James p.
Mattson, Albert
MERCER, Clayton X.
McInnis, Kennth H.
Milroy, Earl R.
Mortonson, Roy
Nelson, Clifford G.
Nelson, Douglas E.
Nelson, Ralph A.
Norman, Beryl
Olke, David w.
Olson, Edwin o.
Olson, Louis F
Paulson, Michael p.
q Peake, Frances T.
Pelto, Esther E.
Pfaffman, Anna M.
Poupard, Edward ].
Guam, Arthur s.
Quayle, Clayton A.
Rivers, Howard G.
2inell, Oscar F.
Schley, Helen A.
Sherwood, Wheelock B.
Skarp, Philip
Stickney, Alice E.
Thompson, John V.
Thompson, Tiuy
Wahlberg, Arthur J.
Wallin, Ella A.
Westling, Edith M.
Willing, Harold J.
Zupetz, Rudolph
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-07-12

1u6oA, Icu
Erickson, Albert T.
Erickson, Arthur E.
Erickson, Harry
Gal-Hannaford
Erickson, william E.
Esselstrom, Helen
Esselstrom, Matthias l.
Fliehr, Harvey L.
Frisk, Elsie L.
Forte, Mary
Gerard, Carrie
Gerard, Clarence A.
Gibson. Samuel A.
Gimse, Ida A.
Gronberg, Eta L.
Grym, Helga E.
Grym, John
Grym, Ina E.
Guild, Bruce H.
Hannaford, Demn'ing l..
Halmet, ALI A.
Halmet, Emo H.
Harmon, Anna E.
Hedican, Thomas
Hill, Ethel E.
Hill, Mamie E.
Hill, Mya M.
Holkko, Mamie
Horne, Emeline
Horne, Elrose
Impola, Anna M.
Jaarni, Louis
Jacobson, ALI M.
Jensen, Evelyn V.
johnson, Carl l..
Johnson, Elmer
Johnson, Ernest E.
johnson, Ethel E.
johnson, Esther E.
johnson, Isaac w.
johnson, Jalmer J.
johnson, Jennie M.
johnson, Victoria E.
Jylha, Alma H.
Jylha, Carl H.
Jylha, Emily P.
Kauppi, Lillian M.
Kelly, Agnes J.
Kennedy, Glendon
Kennedy, Winfield H.
Kieri, Helma E.
Kieri, Hilma s.
Kochivar, Theodore
Koskela, Lauri F.
Kotahaka, ALI
Kutcher, Anton
Kutcher, William
Lame, Katherine M.
Lackner, Frank
Lambert, Lawrence J.
Larson, Asgeir E.
Larson, Clara O.
Larson, Irene G.
Larson, Martin P.
Larson, Victor F.
Laury, Adele M.
Lennartson, Arthur T.
Lide, John
Lindquist, Alfred
LindQuist, Avert
Loecher, Mildred NJ.
Lenertz, Alvara M.
Laury, Wallace H.
Martell, Lorraine H.
Martin, Mildred T.
Marvel, Joseph
Matala, Arthur E.
MCGEE, Dorothy M.
Meleski, John
Nicholson, Ina w.
Mattson, William NJ.
Mortinson, Severine A.
Munen, David O.
Murray, Norman.
Nelson, Carl A.
Nelson, Roy E.
Nelson, Walter w.
Newman, Celia M.
Niemi, Alma
Nicholson, Elmer T
Norman, Bernice L.
: Nystrom, Frieda E.
Okerstrom, Esther E.
Olson, Leonard E.
Olson, Nina
Olson, Omer J.
Oslund,. Alfred =.
Paul, Marguerite H.
Paul., Hugo H.
Paulson, Lempi F. .
Paulson,s Jennie H.
po1fn Ella n E,s ~ ~
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-07-12
PROGRAM OF EXAMINATIONS

'or Common School Certificates to be Held
at Du.u h Court House) and Virginia
High SchooD on July 18th. 3th and
3lst, 1872 !, -. =: >e~s-~<.~ - ~
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-07-12

Swedish Baptist Church.
Rev. Peterson will preach at the
morning service at IL o'clock. Rev.
Andrew Biomquist will preach in
the evening at o'clock.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-07-12

Ra1ala knselm
Remus. Edward 81 81
Rice, Mildred J. %
r obertson, Helen ,=5#.1
Ronkanen. Amelia :=.sfs.
Roses, Floyd J. ...s::54I.}.
Stroll. Hugo =.5S* Is. s.. q: " sss,....
3 skarp, Albert O. * 2ss + ~
4 Smith, Kathleen E. ...t... ! ].
Smith. Roman W =sc = =: ..=
Josephine r |>. y. e :.
soine. Elisa. A. AZ H.. +: .,.. l.. !.
Soranen, Nils E. w.: =. = r. >. :
solomonson, Mary F. NJ r !:
Spence, James A. s
Stark John J. :
Stark, Tony ,.::.~- =
st. Onge, Alfred G. Z z.<,,...> -
Swan, Nellie A.
Swangren, Ellen M.
Tamminen, Charles J.
Tr1mble, Irene H. i
Wahlberg, Jalmer j.
Wasserzieher, Margaret H
Wasserzieher, Mildred A.
Williamson, Annie J
Wirkus, Bernice
Wirtanen, Elmer
Whiting, Chester
Young, Plube M.
Zupetz, John
Following is a list of the pupils II
the grades and high school who have
lost only half a day during the pas
year, according to the daily records
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-07-12

Alexson, Saunder, H. .~
Anderson, Edward A.
Arnson, Martin L.
Baum, Enoch l.. :
Baumgartner, Harold A.
Becker, Ward E.
Berg. Jennie E.
Bergman, Hazel V.
Bergman, Mervin H.
Bloomquist. Arthur
Campbell, Frank
Carlson, Evert G
Cerveny, William A.
Christensen, Anna M.
Christopherson, Mabelle I.
: Clarke, Donald A.
eleven, Julia
Curtiss, Nethalie L.
Dahl, Alma M.
Dallago, Bello E.
Callago, Joseph
Dallago, Lena X.
Davio, Eleanor M.
Davis, Gladice M.
Engel, Fred
Erickson, Albert T.
Erickson, Arthur E.
Erickson, Harry
New-York tribune., 1912-02-18

enrort says. however, II you plant wheat
you will always get wheat, but II You plant
It in poor soil you will get poor wheat and
X in good soil you will get good wheat.
There has not been a great amount OF
work done on different diseases. II has
been confined chiefly to epilepsy, some types
OF insanity and feeble -mindedness. Proba-
bly, there are great many OF our func-
tional diseases. like tuberculosis, which are
not transmssible but weak constitutions
may be passed on. | believe that immunity
TO given diseases may also be transmitted
AN acquaintance told me that there were
certain ailments which never worried him
and to the cure of which he gave little
care. knowing from his family history that
he had little 10 fear from them. But his
familiarity with the causes of death in a
number of cases in his family led him TO
take marked precautions whenever ailing
from anything which might lead 10 a GER
tain trouble. II is not impossible that the
theory that the Jews, accustomed to life in
bad sanitary conditions in crowded ghettoes
for centuries, have become immune to tu-
bercular diseases and withstand the perils
Of congestion in our cities better than those
of other races. DR. Davenport is working
on the heredity of disease, but there is a
great deal 10 be done
New-York tribune., 1912-02-18

have had four other feebe-minded children,
making eight in all, born of this woman
This woman had four feeble-minded
brothers and sisters. These are all mar
ried and have children. The younger sis
ter married q feeble-minded man and had
three children. Two Of these are feeble
minded and the other died in infancy.
There were six other brothers and sisters
who died in infancy
Portions Of this story could be dupli-
Gated in large proportion Of the towns
and cities of the United States. 1t has
characteristics which will be recognized as
familiar by the kindly disposed of these
communities.
The biologist has demonstrated that GER
tain defects are transmissibe and their
presence IN the next generation can be
foretold. The .eugenist. therefore. seeking
"the improvement of the stock" must de-
wise some means of stopping the flow Of
the taint. Segregation and sterilization
have been suggested.
The biologist has also demonstrated that
good qualities can be passed on. The
eugenst Is following him up by pointing
out that the human race should not only
be relieved of the incubus Of the unfit, but
improved by the introduction OF qualities
which will ft II TO cope with the increas-
ingly complex problems which are being
thrown upon II by It's persistent efforts to
conquer the forces of nature. That there
is a growing feeling that something can be
accomplished I'm this direction has been
shown by the increasing numbers who have
attended conferences on the subject at the
Brooklyn Institute OF Arts and Sciences
this winter and the number of new books
which are now being Issued
"But how are you going to improve the
human racer" some one asks. who is to
decide what qualities the human race
should possess? You can develop horses
that will run well. or draw heavy loads and
cows that will be excellent for milk or
butter production, but who is to pick out
the type OF man to be developed"
The eugenist replies that those possess
ing the most desirable natural qualities
from the human point OF view should be
mated with families Of normal character
New-York tribune., 1912-02-18

one-half Of the children OF the succeeding
generation. the other half being the prog
eny OF the remaining SIS per cent. This
proportion apparently holds good in the
different levels of society. In other words,
"A small group OF each class possesses un-
usual fertility.
The eugenist asks: rs there any relation
between this superfcrtlIty and the posses
sion Of desirable or undesirable character
istcs? II has been asserted that In Eng
land to-day there is Il dearth of youthful
ability In various walks of life The num-
Der OF murders and homcides to a million
persons ls reported to have nearly trebled In
the last fifteen years. In that country the
defective classes doubled In number in
the period between 1874 and 1896, and in 1901
more than one-thIrd OF the idiots and luna
ties were legally married and free to re-
produce their kind.
In the United States the ratio of insane
In the total population was 225 In lW,CO In
1903. as compared with 1873 In the same num-
ber in 1880. About 10000 were supposed 10
be unsegregat ted. Two-thirds OF the pau"
pers In institutions are reported to have
children, and to he themselves deficient.
The rough total OF defective and dependent
has been estimated TO be 100000, or about
per cent of the population of the United
States. II has been shown I'm recent years
In England IN particular, that the middle
and upper classes. which supply the think-
ers. leaders and organizers, are decreasing
In numbers and that the net fertility OF the
undesirables is greater than the net Ter
tility OF the normal types Of the more ca
rabe classes.
Investigation suggests that ability can be
transmitted. The class lists OF OXFORD Tor
nnety-two years showed that 30 per cent
of those who won first honors had had
fathers who had won first or second nom
ors; that 80 per cent of the second honor
men were the sons of men who had taken
first or second honors in their day. and that
of the ordinary degree men only II per cent
had fathers of this class. II has also been
found that marriage between two families
inheriting ability will result In a greater
proportion OF children OF ability than
where one side OF the house is mediocre.
There are not few famous Illustrations
New-York tribune., 1912-02-18

which have demonstrated capacity for
maintaining their numbers He takes a
page out of the conservation.st's book and
argues regarding the human protoplasm In
the words OF Saleeby: There is no wealth
but life; and II the inherent quality of life
fails, neither battleships. nor libraries, nor
symphonies, nor free trade, nor tarin
reform, nor anything else Will save ma
ton"
In England II has been demonstrated that
for some reason i2 per cent OF the indi-
viduals OF one generation are producing
New-York tribune., 1912-02-18
AS REGARDS cRIMINALITY,

Il would not say absolutely that II We
got rid Of fceble-m -mindedness we would be
rid Of all criminality, but We would have
reduced 1t enormously. | suppose We shall
always have criminality. The higher we
rise I'm the social scale the higher our
Ideals become, and what is not now con-
sidered criminal may be so considered
some time The popular mind has taken up
Lombroso's theory very strongly. but do
not believe there In a criminal type As
regards sterilization, we really do not
know fully what the effect upon the sub
iect will be.
THE chief argument against the release
OF a person who has been thus treated Is
he might debauch persons who would 9th
erwise be kept straight because of the fear
of consequences | am more and more-in-
cllned TO consider this bogey. Those who
are inclined to debauchery would not be
likely to be restrained by fear As to the
physical and mental effect upon the sub
iect, there is no evidence OF bad effect
whatever. In Indiana about eight hundred
persons have been operated upon, about
half of them at their own request. In the
course OF the last six or seven years. so
far as they have gone there is not the
slightest evidence that the operation has
been of disadvantage to anybody
New-York tribune., 1912-02-18
SOURCE OF THE CRIMINAL.

The criminal / think is the product
Of feeble mindedness and environment. II
you have a feeble-minded person the prob
abilities are tremendously strong that he
will become criminal. 1t would take a
pretty baS environment to make GRIM
iral out of a normal person. The word
criminal might just as well have been
omitted from the New Jersey sterilization
law, for the end would have been gained
just as we'll and there would be less an.
tagonistic feeling regarding it. While We
have not obtained all the data we want
on this subject, yet we have made several
little studies which indicate that at least .
Ter cent Of the criminals are feeble-mnded.
The superintendent Of the Elmira Reforma-
tory says he thinks that 30 rer cent of his
inmates are feeble-minded. Recently we
tested one hundred Juvenile Court chill.
dren in the detention house at Newark.
OF these. thirty-four were found TO be
backward, with the chances that some OF
Il EN- would later prove to be feeble
minded, and the remainder were all feeble
minded. These children were taken just
as they came No selection was made.
they were cases sufficiently important
for detention for further disposition Of
the court.
Until recently we have never included
emons the mental detectives the high
grade group. We have children who 10
tie uninitiated would never be described
rs feeble minded. That group is made
up OF ct least % per cent OF all the feeble
minded A boy who has just left us you
would say was grumbler. You would
never think he was feeble-minded, and his
grouchiness was one of the effects. He
is a marked menace TO society. Relative
ly to this moron group the imbecie is
Lrt so great n menace. for he is more apt
TO he placed in some institution These
types are capable of giving birth 10 chill
dlen. II is questioned by some whether
tho low grade idiot has the power 10 bring
children into the world
The menace Of the feeble-minded and
the imbecile is illustrated in the case OF an
almshouse in Chester, Penn. where made
tests. There were eight women In this in
sttution, all of whom would become moth
ers within six weeks. They were all inn
beetles. They had gone there 10 be cared
for until their children were born, and
then they would go out, to come back the
following year in the same condition When
the social workers want TO stir up the AMI
mails let them so at the almshouse propo-
New-York tribune., 1912-02-18
REACHING THE SOLUTION

THAT is just where the work of the eupe-
mist comes in. The whole question of hered-
ity and environment needs to he thrasbed
out. We have study going on lust now
showing the two streams OF environment
and heredity. There is an enormous group
OF degenerates mingled with the detectives
I went to school a week or two ago and
found number of children of low grade
parents that tested almost normal. This
suggested that the parents, who were IN
some cases of particularly good families
were Acknowledgements who had gone to
pieces under the stress of enyironmer,
Outwardly you cannot always tell the an.
ference. The defective and the deeenerat 70
look much alike frequently. There Is s,,,I
much to be learned regarding the boundary
line between heredity and environment
The two work together. AS DR.. c. II. Dav.
New-York tribune., 1912-02-18
Scientists Are Studying How to Cut Down the Aw-
full Cost to Mankind of Bad Heredity, Which
Often SweIIs from a Tiny Pool to Black
Ocean of Mental Defectiveness.

! for her own good as well as that Of So
ciety. points several morals certain
well known publicist of this country has
had a great deal TO say about race sui
eide" and the need for large families. In
this family one feeble-minded boy had
as many descendants as seven normal
sons and daughters on the other side.
The country would have been much bet
ter off without his progeny.
Investigation tends to prove that the
feeble minded have larger families than
normal-minded persons. If the sterilza-
tion law, which was recently adopted In
New Jersey, had been in the statute books
in the days Of the Revolution and applied
in the case of the woman of the woods
or her feeble-minded son the saving TO
the state and TO society would have been
very great. Neither the woman nor her
son would have suffered as a consequence.
And last, but not least, the story is an
important document in the case for the
science of eugenics
1t has been estimated that in the United
States one in every three hundred persons
is feeble -minded-that is, lacking the men
tai development to match the physical
. equipment. The minds of these unfortu-
seven. eight, nine or ten years old. Physi-
cally they have grown up with the instincts
and capacities OF normal persons, but they
are without the control Of an adult mind
According to the degree Of mental dcyel-
opment which they exhibit, these detectives
are classified as mOrons or feeble-minded
persons of high grade imbece9 and idiots.
The first class is a particular menace to
society, because, in many cases, owing TO
the fairly good appearance of the subject
IL is difficult to convince others that he or
she is feeble-minded and ought to be segre-
gated in some way for the protection OF the
future of the community. Without full nor
NAL mental control of their instincts, the
power to resist environment, the capacity
for choosing between the right and the
wrong. they form good soil for the devel-
opment Of criminals, drunkards and prosti-
tutes II is known that more than 20 per
cent Of criminals are feeble-mlnded. With
out power to meet the complex conditions OF
social environment they have fallen be-
fore il.
It has been demonstrated conclusively
that epilepsy is hereditary. Based on data
collected at the State Village for Epileptlcs,
at Skillman, ~ j., IT is asserted that at
the present rate OF increase the number Of
epileptic and feeble-minded in that state IN
1910 will be double what il is now, and that
the proportion will be one to every l25 oil
the population in 1870. II no more re-
straint is imposed upon epileptics than at
present, the population suffering from this
ailment will double in that state every
thirty years.
New-York tribune., 1912-02-18

The hand on the riaht lower corner indi-
Gates tho ilIeaitimate heir Of his blood
now in the VineIand institution for
feeble minded. The 3s4 descendants Of
himself and his normal Quaker wife
include only four known to bo sub nor
NAL. His own ancestry, as the chart
shows, was perfectly normal. N-Nor-
NAL. F-Feeble- minded. A square
means q man, q circle q woman.
New-York tribune., 1912-02-18
THE INSTANCES ARE MANY.

This problem of bad heredity finds Illus
tration in many almshouses. A girl with
out mental stamina TO cope with her en-
vironment and instincts finds herself about
to become a mother. Perhaps she is a
servant in some household and is compelled
to leave her place. She goes TO the aims
house and an illegitimate child, probably
as feeble minded as herself, is born. She
goes out In course of time, and perhaps In
a year or two returns for the same reason.
Among the inmates at Vineland is girl.
the daughter Of feeble-minded woman and
a normal man, not united In matrimony.
The story of her ancestry was investigated
and It is told by DR.. Goddard, the psychol-
ogist OF the training school. In this Ian
guage:
Here we have a feeble minded woman
(referring to the inmates mother) who has
had three husbands. Including one who
was not her husband This woman was a
handsome girl. apparently having inherited
some refinement from her mother, although
her father was q feeble-minded, alcoholic
brute. Somewhere about the age Of seven
teen or eighteen she went out to do house
work in family in one of the towns of
this state. She soon became the mother
of an illegltlmate child. 1t was born in an
almshouse to which she fed after she had
been discharged from the home where she
had been at work.
After this charitably disposed people
tried to do what they could for her. giving
Eer home for herself and her child in
return for the work which she could do
However, she soon appeared in the same
condition. An effort was then made to
discover the father of this second child and
when he was found to be a drunken, feeble
minded epileptic living in the neighborhood
In order to save the legitimacy of the child
her friends saw to 1t that marriage cere-
mony took place. Later another feeble
minded child was born TO them.
Then the whole family secured home
with an unmarried farmer in the neigh
borhood. They lived there together until an
other child was forthcoming. which the
husband refused to own. When finally the
farmer acknowledged this child TO be his
the same good friends interfered went into
the courts and procured a divorce from
the husband and had the woman married
to the father Of the expected fourth child
This proved 10 be feeble-minded, and they
Decorah-posten og ved arnen., 1912-07-23
Sfanoinapiif SiifcrinSitiains.

Era aisbenbapn meooeles oen 6te
Suli: @eo Den IfanbtnauiIfe 6iTferI'
~uoitiQings aabning ibag bar tlliteoc
Here 0tiniItre, Higsoagens 5or'
m9no, BEN norife 8einuot, ben ipen.
ife 8eianot M. II. aongeu anfom III
rloItiaingen al. 2, buor ban mooto'
ges Of 8rGiioiet. u6itiaingens Sor'
manb, aommun6er Ssaing, bolot en-
Gale, bpori ban reoegioroe Tor no
Itilinaens 5ilblipeIiesbiitorie 90 taf'
febe ale, iom bopoe bioraset I'll a
iremme ltoftiainger, iRrlig DC ire
noroiife 9anoes Regieringer. aon'
aen tog berpaa Srbet og liotalte, al
ban PED at opertage Brotettoratet ei'
ter i'm bolt elifeoe Gar pioite, at bar
traaSte i hans 5ooipcr. Set par ban
en- 8lRbe, Of De tire noroiffe Sanoe
bapoe iat Sflilber moo Sfulber oe
tilpeiebraat oenne imutfe lloitiains
% ban uotalte fin anertienoeIie til
Decorah-posten og ved arnen., 1912-07-23

lertio bar forbebolot ig at unocr.
lsae SernIeierne PED cane 6agm9nS.
Gisle llnoerieeelier er M begpnot,
og at ariipp gaar grun0ig til Der.
fet, iremeaar al, at ban forcIsbia bar
lerot opoper en- Mineoireftcr, Ell Se.
infer % Ell asiiitent, iom giennem.
9aor ale WaImIeier og uotager Ire.
per, lom fsrit ifaI undertakes 7or.
'egSlmeltring. Senere oil arupp
ienoe nof TO rrpe advertisements
opoper. 6srit tent pnn Soften fan
man pente at faa bsre RciuItatet al
lln0erisae[ierue.
Decorah-posten og ved arnen., 1912-07-23
Ereorifsitnss SafsInnhsnftier

Sra 5reorifsltao meo6eles oeu 2oen
Suli: SrcorifSItao &ommne bar
allercoe nbbetaIt aisbeiummen for
De tuien Iftier / SafSIumo meo SER.
100000 Str. til Sirmoet ~@Ieftrt.
citetsgeiellihaft, pormalS Shucfert
& 60, Riiruberg", aicnnem Sre-
orifsitao Eripatbanf. &ommunen bar
meo ariitiania 9anf. og &reoitfasie
% 6rebrifSitab 0ripatbanf ufiIuttet
ct Observation-Disclosures paa
nGbnte 8eIsb til 4 Erocent Rente.
alirien er life opgipet. Weo oct foit.
iatte llobptte ~ Eroccnt for for.
lsbne Sriftsaar piier Oct iig, at Som.
munen bar giort en- gob 6orretnirg
peo of fiebe De trtIen sitter / SafSs
llin0 for ialt 100000 Str. alene
| llobptte for forlsbne Mar erholoeS
10000 Ser, mebens De iamIeoe Ren.
fer for fommenoe Iar beleber liz ill
ca. $4,000 SER. Sbereenet afbragene
efter Ell 40-aarig ImOrtiiationstio
bill ben iamIeoe uobetoIing life naa
bsiere END til 70 q 10000 Str. oar.
Zig, iaa 9pen finn meb eft meget Iibet
aarligt ltoIeg faar tilbagebetalt oct
Itore Saan. 90 itieer ubbpttepro'
centen poerIigere, bill Der blipe oirette
SnobetaIing / 9pfasien.