davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

white hat on a brown ribbon. without
lettering.
THE first distinct campaign button that
| have record of was the Cleveland and
Hendricks button of 1884. This was a
silk-covered disk, with the gold letters
C. & H. on a maroon background. 1t
fitted into the coat with a screw, in place
of the present pin. In the same year APP
peared a B. & L. pin for Blaine and
Logan.
The silk-covered buttons were too ex
persive for general use, and the campaign
button only realized its full popularity
when the method of printing the motto
on paper and covering it with celluloid
was devised. DIR. Benjamin's collection
includes examples of the button used dur
ing the Harrison campaigns, when sill
covered button: the Cleveland and Thur
man. Cleveland and Stevenson Il am for
Reed Il am for Allison" and like but
tons that run back through many pre-
vious presidential campaigns.
* <
Thus far in the present campaign the
button factories have been working on
comparatively small orders. The national
Taft and Roosevelt committees have or
dered several hundred thousand buttons
each, and local and state committees
have purchased literally from the designs
made up by the button manufacturers.
The latter are waiting. however, to make
sure of the men who are to figure in the
Tnal presidential fight before getting
down to the serious business of button
holing the American nation
The modern celluloid button i'll all its
glory of color, picture design. can be
made and sold proftably for as little "a
one-third of a cent. On big orders the
cost is probably less than $3.50 a thou
sand, and this is not an extraordinary
expense for campaign committees in the
full bloom of a party campaign.
The making of the button is simple
though ingenious process. Many people
have wondered how a campaign button
appears on the street right on the heels
of some public event. with a design or
wording suggested only a day or two be-
fore. The button factories are so well
equipped with Photographic. designing
engraving and printing facilities that an
agent is often able to wire suggestion
to his home office at night and receive a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19
The Explanation.

nOBERT HENRI. the artist, said In
N New York of bogus 'old master:
Some of these experts must be very
ignorant, judging from the facility WITH
which they are duped They must be
ready TO swallow anything. It's like thu
NelasqueZ story.
AN auctioneer YOU know, put up n
picture, saying:
Here we are, ladies and gentlemen :
this exquisite Eelasquez-'Battle If
Waterloo'-what am / bid? One million.
nine hundred thousand
But interrupted an expert, In a puz-
zled voice-'but l thought Velasquez died
before the battle of Waterloo
so he did. sir. explained the auction
err: so he did: but this, you see. In orA
Of dear old Velly's posthumous work.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

center already established by Gen. Allen
at College Park, near Washington. will
give YOU a partial idea. There will be
wide, level field edged by line of low
LIVING hangars-or stables for the aerial
steeds: sheds. workshops, storerooms and
barracks.
At these centers officers not only of the
regular army hut of the militia, VIII be
trained as aviators, and enlisted men of
both forces will be instructed as aero
plane mechanicians." AS inventors turn
out new aviation devices they will be
brought to these points for test. The Of
ficers and mechanics will also be system
atically employed in studying weather
conditions and other atmospheric phe-
nomena n ;"cir relations to flying; in
sending wireless kilograms from the
clouds: in sketching. map drawing and
making "Reminiscences from aircraft: in
dropping projectiies from the heavens, and
in accurate firing of rifles and machine
guns from aeroplanes
Hydro-aeroplanes-m chimes that WI
alight upon. skim over and fly from
water as we'll as and-are also proposed
as part of the army'S equipment. So fan
these vehicles have been adopted only b.
the navy.
The five "centers of aviation described
are not to be called schools, because they
will be points for the concentration OF
suuadrons as well as for the instruction
of officers and mechanicians- No new
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19
Country Billiards.

WILLIE HOPPE, the billiard champion.
w was discussing in New York the
question of summer vacations.
Il like summer vacations he said. in
the heart of the country. The only trou-
BILE with the heart of the country is that
you can't get a good game of billiards
there.
Maybe you've heard about the two
chaps on vacation who complained that
they couldn't tell the two white balls
apart as neither of them had spot. But
the proprietor explained 10 them that i
would be easy after little practice to
distinguish the balls by their shape.
Another chap asked for game of bill
lizards, and when the balls were brought
gave a loud, bitter laugh of disgust
LOOK here he said. it's balls | asked
for-not dice. /"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

ITS General Describes In
L teresting Program for En-
largement-12o Aeroplanes
Instead of Six, AS Now
Corps of Military Aviators to
Be Enlarged From 10 to 285
Sky Force to Be Organized
Into Squadrons, Companies,
Platoons and Sections-"Av-
iation Centers" for Our Four
Coasts and Center of Cont
nent-Five Great Aviation
Schools-Physical Perfection
Demanded of Students-Each
Must Perform Six Aerial
Feats Before Given Certifi-
cate-Each Squadron to Have
Eight Aeroplanes, a Self-pro-
PEELED Workshop and Heavy
Traction Engines-Plan Elk
tends to Militia-We Are Far
Behind Other Nations in Mill
tary Aviation-France Has
Hundred Times as Many
Army Aeroplanes as Have
We.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

they can estimate distances accurately:
that they are not color blind for red.
green violet: that their ears arc as
sharp as their eyes. that their WIND IS
good. their lungs and hearts perfectly
sound and that they have no diseases OF
the nervous system or digestive appa-
ratus.
You will he surprised as we'll as anus
ed at some of the tests prescribed Ter
these candidates. Here. for example. are
some devised to detect diseased condi-
tons of the internal ear:
Have the candidate stand with knees.
heels and toes touching. Have the can
didate walk forward. backward and in
circle. Have the candidate hop around
the room. All these tests should be made
with the eyes open and then closed. on
both feet and then on one foot. hopping
forward and backward. the candidate try
ing to hop walk in straight line. Any
persistent deviation. either to the right or
left. is evidence Of a diseased condition
of the internal ear. Intestinal disorders
tending to produce dizziness are also
looked out for very carefully. And
there is an elaborate test for precision of
the limb movements.
Having run the gantlet Of the examn-
ing surgeons. the would-be military avia-
tor must next get used to his Pegasus.
This takes some time and is preparatory
TO the final series of six tests which deter
mine whether he shall receive his certifi-
cate from the Secretary of War and see
military aviator" printed after his name
in the army register
Here are the six feats which he must
perform before he can receive this de-
gree:
He must fly to an altitude of at least
$500 feet; make a cross-country flight OF
ten miles going and ten miles returning:
fly five minutes in a ffteen-mile wind ::
carry a passenger 500 feet up and land
him clear within 10 feet of a mark: exc
cute volplane from 500 feet up with the
engine cut off and land within 800 feet Of
the mark: make a reconnaissance flight
of twenty miles at an average height OF
1,5go feet and bring back informa ton con-
corning features OF the landscape passed
over.
Having thus won his certificate, he will
be detailed with one of the aeroplane
squadrons and will receive % per cent
extra pay while engaged i'm his perlous
profession. And If he cracks his head
during such service his widow will be
given his full pay for six months. after he
turns up his toes. These, at least, are
provisions of the bill now before Con-
gress which makes partial provision for
Gen. Aliens general scheme for enlarg-
ing our sky army from its present for
midable force of ten ayiators.
Copyright 1912 by John Elfrcth wstkins-)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

a number of years has been chief signal
officer of the regular army. He Is a
practical man If he dreams dreams he
does not confide them to the hungry jour
nalist He sees no visions In the en-
pyrean. He will draw YOU no word pic
lures of tits between aerial cruisers and
winged torpedo craft nor will be tell you
how many pounds of dynamite, flung
from the heavens. would wipe Greater
New York from the face of Mother Earth.
He attacks his problems as would the
chief engineer of railroad or a telegraph
company. He knows of all the sky dongs
of every great military nation on earth,
and while his plans for our future air
force combine the chief virtues proven by
foreign experts. they also include many
original ideas of his own.
In the first place, Gen. Allen will or
Sanize his sky soldiers into sections,
platoons, companies and sauadrons. In
the air each section will consist OF one
aeroplane with two aviators. Two of
these sections will compose platoon;
two platoons, company. two companies,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

force. There must be great trucks to
carry whole aeroplanes and tractor auto
mobiles to haul these trucks, as well
as transport the aeroplane crews in the
field
These heavy automobiles and trucks
will carry "aeropiane tents for tenn
porarily sheltering machines separated
from the hangers: also repair tools.
spare parts and additional supplies Of
gasoline. Gen. Allen says that 1t will
also be necessary to have attached to
each of these squadrons OF eight aero
planes a self-propeled repair shop which
can be moved to any place in the field
where machine may be in distress.
This would be always equipped with re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

military aviators as feats spectacular
rather than utilitar:an. and what pictures
YOU have had of Their future functions in
actual warfare have been for the most
part extravasant phantasies.
The general of our aerial forces today
explained to me his plans and ambitions
for this new arm Of the service. This
officer is Brig Gen. James Allen, who for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

serve supplies and a complete set of
spare parts for machines in use.
Distributed over the country are to be
five training schools, officially known as
"centers of aviation, from which our
sky soldiers will be continually making
test and instruction flights One of these
points will he upon the Atlantic coast.
one on the Pacific one on the great lakes.
one on the Gulf of Mexico and one at
some central inland point. In addition,
there will be as many auxiliary centers
as 1t may be possible to organize. 1t is
the generals ultimate ambition to have
such a school of instruction in each state.
You are wondering how these principal
aviation schools will appear. The aviation
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19
of Sugges-

HUNDREDS of Sugges-
! l tons as to Designs for
Candidates Buttons-Millions
of Buttons Will Be Used Dur
ing the Campaign-Badges,
Medals and Watch Fobs
With Pictures of Presidential
Candidates-Novel Schemes
Suggested-The First Silk
Covered Campaign Buttons.
and How the Modern Buttons
Are Manufactured.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

made. and large sheets full OF the tiny
pictures printed at single impression.
The paper is laid over a thin sheet of
metal, and a sheet of thin. transparent
celluloid put over the paper. The button
machines then stamp out the completed
button. much as coins are turned out by
the stamping machines I'm The mint \
finger of the machine. against which the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

plain picture of the President; red,
white and blue button with TAFT
across the white band: a purple edged
picture button with Hello. Bill In the
margin, and unique DESIGNS OF other
kinds.
One button of the campaign is that
made up for the Roosevelt national
committee bearing the simple letters
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

'0IUWoN on DNtIOns, as HdNt tIft SUP
poSediV magic words. For President.
our Next President and the like
Ert II is the str king lines of a cam
: .,s-n like MY Hats in the Ring, or
You Gotta quit kiclsin My DawS
trouu' that bring out the real novelties
in campaign buttons. The first news of
-hc use ~ the latter song by the follow
ers of Speaker champ Clark was prob
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

old Ozark song, You Gotta Quit Kickin
My Dawg Aroun," as Clark battle
cry, Speaker Clark refused to accept
it, and declined to allow himself to be
tagged as the ''houn' dawg" candidate.
The ajority of his close friends be-
lieved, however, that it made a typical
popular campaign cry. and they have
been liberal patrons of the button fac
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

OF may now get
Your first definite
idea as to how our
sky army is to be
or e a nice and
equipped
1t IS ready to
pass from the eX-
perimental to the
practical s { a 3 G.
Hitherto you have
regarded the per-
formdnces of our
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

II has
not yet entered the
true campa gn
button stage, the
presidential fight
now on has fur
nished two striking
Instances of the
way campaign but
tons follow the
crowd" Pictures
of candidates have
for years been
eh cum
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

bugs be imported but thus far the
plan has not been adopted.
The Champ Clark "houn' dawg but
tons are probably the most striking
features of the present campaign.
They are typical of score or more
of other campaign stunts" that have
held attention in former years. like
the log cabin" of Harrison, the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

land and few new buildings will have 10
be acquired for them.
Our existing army posts will supply all
of their needs except those of the eastern
center which will probab bly, occupy the
College Park field. near Washington. al
ready equipped as an aviation school for
the army.
This. the first of the series of aviation
centers. is now being taken possession
of by ten military aviators lately moved
north from the temporary winter school
at Augusta. Ga. The school is in COM
mand of Capt Charles de +. Chandler
the army's chief aviator. who has also
won honors as balloonisf. He now has
ins charge one captain and seven lieuten-
ants of regulars, as we'll as one lieutenant
colonel of the Ohio National Guard. The
accompanying photographs show these
aviators at work at College Park. as well
as the most modern machines lately IN
stalled there
The army now has only six aeroplanes
in use but Gen. Allen tells me that he
has six more ordered and hopes to have
four others, making total of sixteen by
July l. The Wright, Burgess-Wright
and Curtiss machines already working
were bought at average cost of $500
apiece but the new machines will be
much more powerful and will have an
average cost of at least a thousand dol
lars more. each. The last five contracted
for Will be known as weight-carrying
military aeroplanes.'' They carry two
avfators and before they will be accept
ed they must prove by trial flights that
they can ascend 1900 feet in ten minutes
while carrying a weight of 40 pounds. in
addition to four hours supply of fuel: that
their. planes will insure a safe gliding
angle in case the engine stops. and that
they can aight upon or arise from
plowed fields. The speed of these
heavy machines, with the weight men,
toned must test UP to forty-ive miles an
hour.
More than a mile-a- minute speed, or
sixty-five miles an hour, must be attain
ed by a class of light scouting aero
planes" for which the general has had
Specifications drawn. These will carry
Only one aviator each.
Physical perfection is demanded by the
general of men who seek admittance to
the College Park aviation school or who
will apply for training at the four other
schools projected. Only commissioned of
ficers of the army and militia need apply.
and before they can be admitted these
must undergo a rigorous physical exam
nation. proving beyond a doubt that their
eyesight is normal. without glasses; that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

ONE OF THE EARLIEST CAMPAIGN
BUTTONS.
Cleveland and Hendricks. 1854. Gold
letters silk face.
STAMP works carries a little band OF
metal that becomes the inside ring OF the
completed button and il remains only TO
insert the pin and the makers label In the
back OF the button. The extreme pres
sure undergone in the stamp tends TO
weld the paper and celluloid together. SO
that the picture or motto appears 10 lie
printed intodhe celIuloid surface.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19
CHAMP CLARK "HOUN'- DAWG-
RUTTON.

IT. r." Because of its striking APP
pearance this button is much sought
after by Roosevelt followers and has
largely displaced the button bearing
the former Presidents picture or other
wording. In ono form the button IL
small. with the letters standing out
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

examples of campaign exuberance. Or.
BENJAMIN has been collecting them Tor
wears, together with other souvenirs lden-
tilted with presidential campaigns, In the
belief that they show sidelights upon
political history and the trend OF popular
interest in a particularly effective man.
ner.
Il believe the museums and historical
repositories should pay more attention TO
these things said Dr.. Benjamin There
is probably no one place today where a
student could put his hand on anything
like a comprehensive collection or cam
paign buttons. badges. posters or the
like These things drop out of sight as
quickly as their use is over. have
spent weeks trying to get certain badges
or souvenirs after they had disappeared
from current use.
The earliest campaign badge That
distinctly remember appeared in 1877
There had been a split in the democratic
party, and Horace Greeley came out as
an independent candidate. with Benjamin
Gratz Brown Of st. Louis as vice presi-
Dental candidate. Greeleys old white hat
was adopted as a campaign emblem. and
the combination ticket was portrayed by
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

DIR. MARCUS BENJAMIN.
lditnr- National Museum, who believes
histcrica, Collections of campaign
buttons should he preserved.
ably not forty eight hours old before sam
pies OF campaign buttons were on their
way TO the Clark headquarters in st.
Louis and Washington, together with
quotations upon thousand. hundred thou
sand or million lots.
1t 10 no -exsSgezation to say that half
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

Greeley white hat and the like. No
word appears on any of the buttons
to connect them directly with Speaker
Clark's candidacy for President, but
they have been generally accepted by
the public as Clark buttons.
1t Is well known In Washington that
for considerable time after the Clark
boomers in Missouri started eastward the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

consignment of samples at the political
headquarters the next day.
The design 10 engraved or set up. and
printed directly on sheet of heavy
paper In the case of a campaign button
with the bust of the candidate and word
ing on its margin many cuts will be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

81 JOHN ELFRETH WATKINS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

a squadron. In other words, a squadron
will consist of eight aeroplanes, to which
sixteen aviatorS will be assigned. All Of
these aviators will be captains or lieu
tenants Of the regular army. Each
squadron will be in command of a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-05-19

Other machines besides aeroplanes VIII
enter into the equipment of each squad
ron, which group of eight flying machines
will be the unit of our sky force just
as the regiment is the unit OF our land
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1912-06-07

been filed with the A. o. U. w.
lodge. Mr.. Larson had $1,000 insur-
ance and Mr.. Schorn had $4,000 in
surance.
Fairmont Sentinel: The Sentinel
did not publish the matter of the
arrest and fining of Louie Amund-
son quite correctly in the Friday
issue. He did not sell at retail on
Decoration day as stated but sold
at wholesale, viz: Two cases of
beer. He paid the fine for keeping
open on that day contrary to the
state law and the, proclamation OF
the mayor, Mr. Amundson says he
did not know there was a law pro
hibiting the sale of beer or keep.
ing the house open on that day and
he had not read the mayors proc
lamation ordering all places closed
where the stuff was in any manner
dispensed Of. Mr.. Amundson also
says he is not the agent for the
Michel Brewing. company, but only
the assistant; that the agent is j
p. .Bartel of Blue Earth.
Lakefield Standard: Last Sunday
evening James Brown. of NIinneota
township dove to one of his neigh
bors, Hans Christensen and after
remaining there short time started
for home. He was caught in a
storm and a fash of lightning kill
ed him and the team he was driv.
ing. The tragedy must have occur.
red when the storm was at it's worst
or about $3.50, but no one knew any
thing about it until the next morn.
ing. Not having returned during
the night, Mrs. Brown became wor
ried about her husband and a. broth
er of Mr.. Brown also became I'M
easy and started out about day.
light to look for him. He had gone
but a short distance from the house
when he. saw his team lying in the
road on hill about half mile
from the house. Upon arriving there
he found both horses dead, still
hitched to the buggy. The victim
of the tragedy was sitting on the
buggy seat but so burned and char
red that beyond recognizing the re
mains as that of human being
was impossible. The clothes Mr.
Brown wore were burned completely
and the body burned SO that it was
black as coal. The buggy box was
also consumed by the flash of light
ming.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1912-06-07
From Mondays Daily.
Where Teachers viii Be This sum

The high school faculty have
nearly all left the city for the, sum
mer, some of them to return in the
fall and others to teach elsewhere
Miss Adella Halves has gone to
Minneapolis, Miss Grace Sumner to
Mortified, and Miss Charlotte Lilien-
thai to Minneapolis. Miss Morris
went to Mortified to attend the
commencement exercises of Garlic
ton college, of which she is a grad
uate, and will go from there to Be.
lott, Wis, where she will spend her
vacation. Miss Helen Cooper, Mrs.
G. H. Traitor, Miss Brewster and
Miss Grace Comstock will remain
here Miss Emma O'Donnell will
remain here and will teach during
the summer term at the normal
school. P. NJ. Harmer is spending
his vacation in Mortified. Miss
Jennings and NJ. F. Pitman are both
remaining another month to do work
lin their departments, domestic sci
ence and manual training. J. G.
Norby, who has resigned as princi-
pal, will leave in about two weeks
for Minneapolis, where he will
teach this summer, at the College
of Agriculture. His family will ac-
company him to Minneapolis. He
will go from there to Madison