davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Mountain advocate. (Barbourville, Ky.) 1904-1935, 1912-02-23
BOY SCOUTS IN RUSSIA
Tiny Warriors Go Through Their ~
olutlons Under the Eye Of
the Emperor.

The review Of the boy scouts by
the car at st. Petersburg was a de-
lightful spectacle. The vast eHpanse
of the Mars field was checkered by
the scarlet, green, white and khaki
uniforms Of the tiny warriors, whose
evolutions were watched with delight
by immense crowds. The bright sun
shine was tempered by breeze.
As the emperor and his suite rode
down the lines, greeting each detach-
ment, the boys answered in Russian
soldier fashion: 1--WE wish good
health to your majesty" Each sepa-
rate command then demonstrated its
special aptitudes. To the accompa-
nimcnt Of their own bands they went
through drills and gymnastic exer-
ciscs. The Tashkent battalion pro-
duced some excellent fencersi the
Odessa contingent, 1000 strong,
showed admirable training; there
was a football team, which kicked the
ball among the imperial suite, much
to the ears amusement; and small
frcmen climbed dummy houses, The
march past of the 5000 boys lasted
40 minutes. One little drummer was
five years old. A tiny brigade had a
tiny ambulance drawn by a donkey,
The ear, who was hugely delighted.
thanked each detachment, and after
the review expressed his gratitude to
the officers and the schoolmasters.
The movement is growing rapidly.
Russia will soon have 100000 boy
soldiers.
Mountain advocate. (Barbourville, Ky.) 1904-1935, 1912-02-23
KEEP SHOULDERS STRAIGHT,

Comparatively few people have
really evenly balanced shoulders;
there may not be much difference ac-
cording to the casual observer, but a
dressmaker or tailor will make no
secret Of the fault. OF course, pad
ding is resorted TO, but this does not
always remedy the fault. The worse
the deformity the more patient and
persistent effort is required. Because
the right shoulder dips just trifie,
do not ignore the fact, for middle
age will find the trouble to have
progressed considerably. Take your
place in a stiff backed chair and
practice raising and lowering the
higher shoulder for 20 to 80 times a
day. In fact, practice this exercise
whenever the occasion will permit.
Keep the back erect against the back
of the chair, and you will soon see
an improvement.
Mountain advocate. (Barbourville, Ky.) 1904-1935, 1912-02-23
THUS A MISSION EXPANDED.

Ten years ago the Rev. P. n. Tsu,
now the rector of the only self-sup-
porting native church of the Protes-
tant Episcopal mission in China--St.
Saviors, Shanghai-came to Wusih
with two boys and lived on his boat
until he could establish a mission.
He was soon joined by the Rev. G. +.
Mosher The work has expanded, as
it does in all stations where men can
be supplied, until there are now two
compounds--on one a dispensarv and
residence, on the other the chapel, a
woman's building, a residence for the
missioparies, and soon there will BE-
a church and a catechists' school,
From the Spirit of Missions.
Mountain advocate. (Barbourville, Ky.) 1904-1935, 1912-02-23
Rules Governing
the Contest

Rule This contest is open
to any lady, child, church, Sun
day school or lodge, aud will run
approximately six months.
Rule 2.-The votes will he
counted every Wednesday even
ing at six o'clock by a disinteres-
ted committee appointed by the
contest managers ;and the results
published in the Mountain Advo-
cate the same week.
Rule 3.-No employee of the
Parker Mercantile Co, or the
Mountain Advocate will be al
lowed to enter in this CONSIST.
Rule Amy candidate whcse
vote fails to increase in two
weeks at any time will be drop
ped from the contest and their
votes thrown out and not allowed
to count for any one.
Rule 5.-No votes will be al
lowed to be solicited by any
candidate or any of their friends
inside the store of the Parker
Mercantile Co.
Rule 6.-Notes will be given
on all purchases amounting To %
cents and upwarda at the rate Of
une vote for each one cent OF pur-
chase, or 100 votes for each $40
purchase; or 1000 votes for
each 81. 90 paid either on back
subscription, renewal or paid in
advance subscription to the
Mountain Advocate. Or 200 vot-
es for each one dollar paid on all
accounts made at the Parker
Mercantile Co., prior to January
1st, 1912.
Rule 7.-All votes must be de-
posted in the presence of one of
the contest managers, and must
be voted upon ballot furnished
for that purpose alone and count
ersigned by u representative Of
the Parker Mercantile Co., or
Chas. d. Cole, as editor of the
Mountain Advocate.
Rule S.-All votes must be de-
posted at the time of purchase
and must remain in the possess
sion of the Parker Mercantile Co q.
until the contest cIo.es, and no
votes will be allowed to be trans.
ferred from a retiring candidate
to any other contestant or any
one.
Mountain advocate. (Barbourville, Ky.) 1904-1935, 1912-02-23
For Sale

] hav' a farm within one lali
nile of the corporate limits OF >
city Of Barhouryille. : room frame
dwelling. Good barn, good coal aud
'ome timber Also one lot with 6
room cottage; large store house
large haru, good water. good walk
on newly piked street Water plug
at gate; electric lights and gas. A.
so one 2 acre lot. high and dry on
same street. One large lot on Main
street. ! will sell cheap for cash II
Won wish a bargain. see me-.
w. II. Mcdonald,
circuit Clerks athee.
Mountain advocate. (Barbourville, Ky.) 1904-1935, 1912-02-23
TRUE AUTHORITY.

Self-goyernment, with tenderness.
Here you have the condition Of all
authority over children. The mother
should consider herself as her child
sun, a changeless and ever-radiant
world, whittier the small, restless
creature, quick at tears and laughter,
light, tickle, passionate, full Of
storms, may come for fresh stores OF
light and warmth, OF calmrand cour-
age. The mother represents the di-
vinity to childhood. The religion Of
a child depends on what It's mother
and father are, not on what they say,
Mountain advocate. (Barbourville, Ky.) 1904-1935, 1912-02-23
Capital Necessary


Farming is, as y rule coHGuVted
with too little capital a goudly
proportion OF farmers are renters
Asother portion are paving tor
.fAras and very sma number arr
nea who are actually going bach
,.rrd in the business. PAT our
hanks are not so responsive al they
.ould be TO supplying money to
r1e lAFpsrs especially 10 the begin
mr Wuf,ihc r'nter. This is parair
ul.res 1r1,r ia the south. tncugA thc
r,iniul S,'untiou following tbs cival
war I. he'nv considerably. changed.
sun has improved much duriDg the
u 80 several wears.
,'r. = A. Knapp and hiS 800 help,
80 nave dune mach 20 innugurate
Il change ia financing the rnual
marketing of crops as well working
nui letter methods of blowing,
I.isu,iss. aud eultivating. Some
-Mod,dyd torn OF the European form
OF "railsissn" or iamers credit
banks. is ueedel in all parts Of the
country aud especially in the south
and West.
TFPiRJs'tsd By W. F'aPp Of
Mountain advocate. (Barbourville, Ky.) 1904-1935, 1912-02-23
Hetae!(6Il'hj}tttaa}tG,,.
&l$7 ~ se.es~s.A-. ::..op sSasrIl rss,JG
Too Cold to Fence

Don't try to build fence turing
this kind of weather. Let it go uu-
I'll it gets warm r,-but. when YOU
do get ready, buy your fencing ma.
terials from Robt. W. Cole, agent tor
the Stewart Iron Works, OF Circin.
natl, Ohio
Mountain advocate. (Barbourville, Ky.) 1904-1935, 1912-02-23

Customer-Is this cough medicine
a good thing?
Druggist (absently) 1T is, for the
manufacturer.
Mountain advocate. (Barbourville, Ky.) 1904-1935, 1912-02-23

can he made seriously that 4 wom-
az be named for the Supreme Bench
without causing any one TO smile.
The successful candidate for the
Presidency next year vii without
do bt be one who makes an app al
To the woman voter
Mountain advocate. (Barbourville, Ky.) 1904-1935, 1912-02-23

hsvin. a farm efficiency man EN-.
plvyei az public expense tor each
county. is beginning to- spread
throughout the North rs well a.
,hr3u- the Souh. These men as
al t,,rrs O. credit society committee
can assist many farmers who are
NOW ma6iuc very small. Yields to
enter uprr their business with a
n " laru plan. farm niachiurry, i'm
proved seeds, and i new inspiration
that will enable them to make large
profits on mo lest loa1s
Mountain advocate. (Barbourville, Ky.) 1904-1935, 1912-02-23
Big "SpudS" imports Due

N.s y.k rep. i5 SIX larg,
c ,u.i;nmui, o'potn oes are eXpec
.rd 10 arrive IN New York from
abroad during the next two days.
ringing the total receipts tor III,
seasCu up q a million sacks. The
duty on the entire quantity will foot
up 70 n, arley 100000.
Imports will decrease from no IS
on, as Germany aud France are
both buy ng heavily in Ireland anI
England fhis is the FRS, wear ,ha'
America aas gone abroad for pota
toes since 1908.
In the United States growers raise
about seventy.hve bushela Of pota.
toes TO the acre. while "a England
and Ireland the crops run lr IN 200
20 235 bushels 20 hr acre
Mountain advocate. (Barbourville, Ky.) 1904-1935, 1912-02-23
\ Great Organization


nc ASS'''"u' 0'''s'"' "
ture remarked me '"e'e NV
many cooperative "s'"'A''''''
among me i"''n'n2 e''SS 'o''!'
the greatest eNAmp'e III Tue WORN
OF cooPe'auo" among '"' '''e' "
that organization o' growers u '."'
onS ana oranges no" eooPe'"' '"E
III the P'cKlnS' P"eN'"s 'u' 'iN' Ae'
ING OF S-o'o'"'Voo worth VI ''"''
annually. i" sew" years '"eF nave
sold aoo't S9"'ooo'ooO WI ~ y"
iruit and the'r losses rom o''Se''o"S
nave oeen less ma II 9o'oo"' VI MOI
I-4oo part o' per oeu' '''' '''''
ru't gone to COMMISSION mem II prou-
ably would NOT "a'e oro"Rn' @o''
ooO'ooO ana 'ne '"Ss'S ""u O'u
debts would nave oeeh 'enS q"
thousands II not hunnreoS al 'h'uS-
ands OF dollars
I'm the "'her hand' tue 'ru'' Las
been so wen packed mas oeen ue-
'vered to customers (ma'n'y IN ire
eastern On''ed StatsS III Suen h''
epndition' SO Tree from decay ana OF
such superior quai'tN '"at uar'
say the people nave received more
Tor a dolIsr 'ne' tney woulu uhuef
Mountain advocate. (Barbourville, Ky.) 1904-1935, 1912-02-23

y virtue OF State county and sc due the State Of
Kentucky and the county of Knox for 1871 will Monday Feb
70 lVl2 at O'Clock it being regular county day.
the front door of the court hoLse Bprbourve Ky will offer
for sale for cash in hand the highest bidder the follow
ing described property, towit:
Mountain advocate. (Barbourville, Ky.) 1904-1935, 1912-02-23
COOPERATION
CONTINUED iron page

husir.s% T&eA GeameY in Mir
ueso'a or wi$s@g%rsi4ioS .r&ance.
lie, rs 'ay thai aQQs.j 'rPfrs have
each = S1GQQoc tSym glsgl They
build a Slon0q sreamery. and each
one takes q $loo interest in /,
They have combined resources Of
$1,000, 600. and they invest per
ceat oft in business. Now. 'hs &c
-aining 90 per cen, of the coumun
ity wealth is in the hands Of the in
div,dual farmer. II, loss occurs
in the management, Of the creamery
and il is sold out 70 a company,
the sew management will exact a
toll OF the farmers for the next TWEEN
" Years.
What is the remedy, Let the
Stare help sustain those creameries
by giving Instruction in the art OF
buttsrmnking and in business man.
agement. II has already done so
10 some extent. IN Minnesota, the
State Dairy Commission will test 4
sample OF butter monthly. and tell
the creamery submitting it whether
il Is folio wing the best methods n
making butter. Then the Cover.
men, also send inspectors. around 10
the creamsries and they report on
{ additions and give advice
successful Farmers Societies
SORe Of the most marvellous eI.
anples Of cooperation are to be-
found IN the credit societies among
the poorer farmers Of Europe. \
grouu OF the small farmers will pool
their credit; that is they sign au uu-
limited uotc TO bank, each pledging
all -f his property TO the pay ment
81 the vote. Up to the amount OF
this note the bank will loan money
a a low rate OF interest. When any
member of the credi: association
~asts money, he applies 20 the otli-
c:s of the association. They ap
po,nt two or three members from
among bis neighbors, as commit
tee. which srrauges with him for a
given sum 20 be loaned-uot 10 live
on-but 10 be invested in a proAuc-
tive project, This committee is
charged with keeping watch OF the
borrower. II the project is not
be,aE carried on properly. the COM
mittee is expected to report TO the
association officers and payment is
demanded OF the orrOwer.
Millions are loaned ou this plan
ANNUALLY. aud she loss from bad pay
s4e6ts is so small as 70 lie trifiiug-
a fraction of per cent. As the
officers of the farmers association
act ~ithost salary, the interest rate
is very low. UnCer Tins plan. many
peas"ats aud young .amen who
would nor I've able 10 acquire lands
or even TO begin farming as renters
are able TO gain n toothold.
Capital Necessary
Mountain advocate. (Barbourville, Ky.) 1904-1935, 1912-02-23
THE WORLD MMfNAc
1919 Edffi0a

GoAeAS
In tins conpset sefus.s Z v.a.nAAs - hlss-
ssunT Information. . oOupAsas $1,000 Ass0
In Itself. jou uli find a0sSss.s p~rtAAAAss Il -
Speeisl sessions Of Consre@. tAs ds1tl~aA. s~s@
statistics and comparisons. rsc4pssAsy. - Nanaoa
Canal narksta erOps. tsereAa n pEi.a = 5000
aroduets Nos q hvtas. 1921 A1AAs~~.saAs.
recOrcls And disasters. seisatkte alsS~ss sEsA.s-
siious and innovations Il 1911. vsa. l>Asr~an-.Al
Engagements and othsi Er~Ai hzAssasai sss>As.
uOwth Of the United stAtsA iaasuaAag psvals-
ton and wealth q eOonhiea BsAk - naAAHl-
paltie.. Congressional words spsrtins rssseA
currency, weights and measures. vsstAsE tssssss1A
univerSitits and schools. relassS0s sst~s. 1A4p
tries, commerce. railroads. shisSans $500 =
nations. armies and uAvtas a ths v~rl1, bAAAAAa.
money. taxes. insuanos. pohtisAi pAFus. ssrs>1
societies, .ubs births, nArtAssa. NNsroas -
deaths suffrage and
10000 Other Fscts asa YSGurss % - D1As
q every day interest and valUs 10 S~.sySs1g.
No merchant farmer. l.ksp.E. szAaAs -,
housewife bushes WOMAN. saAsai - - $500
Sih should be without . ,opg 4 ~ psl,sAAs lef4
rsfsroaes roiums q nsfu ia1sEusAsA Paps
n6e. West q Bunalo al FNasSa-UA esNl ~
AAn. &C. AAAss- rAs No xsA N.~AA ~
Tea
Mountain advocate. (Barbourville, Ky.) 1904-1935, 1912-02-23

The change that is coming over
the country is illust rated in a rather
p'srkss degree VIII o the suggsstion
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1912-08-08
A WOMAN CARPENTER.
***+*+**s*%++++4

Butte, Mont, Aug. S.-DecIaring
that not dollar Of hers ever should
90 to union labor, Miss Elizabeth
O'Boyle, proprietress Of grocery
here, donned overalls today and com
pleted the carpentry work on her
store. made necessary by damage by
fire. A crowd Of union men looked
on and jeered from safe distance.
Miss o'Boyle's store had been pic
keted by unionists because she kept
open after O'Clock but she secured
an injunction some weeks ago. Her
store was damaged by fire last week
and the insurance adjuster gave the
repair work to union carpenters.
When they appeared today, Miss
0,Boyle drove them off with a revolv-
or and did the work herself.
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1912-08-08
new YORK POLICE OFFICIALS RECEIVED BRIBES
ACCORDING TO TESTIMONY RECEIVED By PROSECUTOR
REGULARLY FROM PROPRIEYORS OF GAMBLING DENS

New York, August S.By far
the most interesting development
in the many-sided investigation
into the murder Of the gambler, Her
man Rosenthal and its surrounding
muck Of police graft, is the news Of
John d. Rockefeller. Jr's, quiet com
Elementary inquiry into the condi-
tion of the underworld, particularly
as to the so-called white slave traffic.
While Mr.. Rockefeller and his
agents decline to discuss the matter
and District Attorney Whitman will
not furnish details, it is generally
credited that agents for ILr. Rookie
teller have gathered a great deal OF
valuable material regarding condi-
tions in the tenderloin. It was gath
cred primarily for reports to com
gress and the legislature as a basis
for corrective legislation dealing with
the traffic in girls.
coincidentally it dove-tailed with
the present inquiry into the Rosen-
thai case in that, it 10 said, evidence
was obtained that a police inspector
was getting 5000 a month from such
resorts for protection This data will
be at Mr.. Witman's disposal to use
along with the confession Of BALD
Jack" Rose and others. II is thought
probable that the district attorney
and Mr.. Rockefeller will hold a con
ference soon.
The evidence in question was col
lected by Clifford Rose, detective
who was prominent in the Chicago
vice crusade in cooperation with j..
B. Reynolds, assistant district at
torney
Cumulative evidence piling up be-
fore the grand jury investigating po-
lice blackmail Is said today to I'M
volve four or fire high police officials
and that indictments soon win be
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1912-08-08
Bochnm. GermanY. August 20

Bochum, Germany, August S.A
mining disaster which imperiled the
lives Of $50 pit men occurred in the
Lorraine pit near Gertht today. Many
Of the men were rescued, but it is
feared more than 100 have been
killed.
twenty-five bodies have been recoy-
cred, but the rescue parties were un-
able to enter the gallery in which
the fire damp explosion occurred,
where it is believed from so to 100
men still weer entombed. Many Of
those rescued are suffering from So
we're injuries and it is expected many
Of them cannot recover.
TIE rescue detachments which did
such good work at the time Of the
French mine disaster at Courrieres,
near Lens on March 10. 1906. when
.ss0 miners we're killed. arrived here,
nut were unable to penetrate the GAL
letEes. owing to the flames and the
poisonous gases. The wives and the
families of doomed miners were gath
cred around the pit head all day, but
we're unable to learn any details, as
the officials Of the mine refused in
formation. At 6 o'clock Is more
bodies had been recovered, making
the total known dead 40.
Six hundred and fifty miners we're
imprisoned today in the Lorraine pit
of the coal field about four miles from
here. The day shift had just descend
ed and was distributing along the
various levels when a serious fire
damp explosion occurred.
The detonation was heard at the
surface and the officials on duty inn
mdeiateHy formed rescue parties, who
rushed back to the pit mouth togeth-
er with the village residents. Eight
seriously injured miners we're soon
brought to the surface. The fate Of
the other 642 is not known.
The bodies Of seven miners, had,
by o'clock this afternoon, been
brought up from the Lorraine pit Of
the coal field near Gerthe, where a
fire damp explosion imprisoned many
men early this morning. Sixteen
miners also have been brought to
the surface suffering from serious III
turies.
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1912-08-08
nRlMER aPAln BACK

Washington, Aug San allowance
of $4,000 or $4,000 may be made by
the senate to help William Lorimer
defray the expenses Of his three
years fight to retain his seat: Mr.
LoAimer has turned in bills amount-
Ing to 100000 or s125.OOO- They
have been referred to the investigat-
ing committee. which will make q
statement to the senate probably to-
morrow that certain items, amounting
10 from $4,000 to $4,000 would be q
fair allowance If any be made.
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1912-08-08
CONTINUES
in SISTER NATION
zAPATIsTAs ARE MAKING TRou-
BILE IN THE SOUTH SINCE
oRozco's RETREAT.

Mexico City, Aug. 8. Slight hope is
expressed for settlement Of the
zapata rebellion in spite Of the forth
coming peace conference Three com.
missioners who are to confer with the
rebel leader left today for the Niexi-
can palace. It was reported zapata
win have difficulties in keeping his
men II line even If he should agree
on terms involving less than the res.
ignation Of Madero.
Influenced By appeal from govern
ment reports not to contribute more
weight to the burden Of disorders
Mexico already carries, the textile
mills strikers in both the Orizaba
district and Puebla today agreed to
return to work tomorrow They were
promised revision in wages would
be effected within a few months,
Puebla strikers promised compliance
for five months.
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1912-08-08
WRECK Kills TWO.

Boston, Aug. 8.--Two persons were
killed and 20 injured today when a
train on the Plymouth division Of
the New York, New Haven & Hart
ford railroad was derailed near the
Crescent avenue station, Dorchester,
/The train consisted Of the locomo-
tive. the passenger coaches and a
baggage car
When rounding a sharp curve the
locomotive left the rails and plunged
for half its length into the mud.
Three coaches left the rails. The
engineer and fireman were crushed to
death and several passengers severe
" cut and bruised.
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1912-08-08

employed by John d. Rockefeller, Jr.,
in his investigation Of the white slave
evil. The Rockefeller investigation
began when Mr., Rockefeller was
chosen foreman of the grand jury
which probed charges Of wide
spread white slave traffic.
This has been quietly going on ever
since, Mr.. Rockefeller believing that
some well ordered and persistent ef-
forts should be made without any
blaring Of trumpets, to get at the in
wardness Of the evil. 1t is said that
one Of the Rockefeller detectives
opened a pretended disorderly house
and obtained evidence against a po-
lice inspector who is said to have re-
ceived $500 a month for his protec-
ton.
Alderman Curran, chairman Of the
special committee OF the board of
aldermen appointed to investigate po-
lice conditions, said the committee
would call before it not only gamblers
but the owners of property where
gambling went on.
we intend to reach landlords who
rent their buildings for illegal pur-
poses" said Mr. Curran. This may
hit some whose names are high IN
what we call social circles, but if they
know to what purposes their property
In being used they should be made
to testify
Detective William j. Burns admit
ted his men have been taking part in
the graft investigation. Agents of
his. he said, had been working to Sc
cure evidence that protection mon
eys was being collected from keep
ers Of dfsorderly houses and gamD-
ling establishments, while others had
secured positions as walters in the
Hotel Metropolie, III front Of which
met deafh
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1912-08-08

drawn. Witnesses examined by Dis
trict Attorney Whitman have fur
nished much corroboration to the con
fession of Jack" Rose, who gave a
list of the gamblers, upon whom, he
charged. Police Lieutenant Becker le-
We'd blackmail.
Several gamblers were before the
public prosecutor, and unwillingly ad-
mitted they had paid blaclmail to
certain inspectors. One told Mr..
Whitman he had been threatened with
death if he went before the grand
jury and gave information about the
police. These witnesses said these
inspectors dealt directly with the
big gambling houses, leaving Meuten-
ant Becker to attend to the smaller
places.
The district attorney said evidence
would be presented to the grand jury
against several police inspectors.
One of these is said to have kept
such close watch on the gambling
houses that he even examined their
books and made them pay blackmail
according to their profits.
4Bridgie" Webber now admits he
also collected toll from certain up
town gambling houses for a police
inspector. Webber's life has been
threatened and District Attorney
Whitman has provided him with a
special guard Rose has sent word
to the public prosecutor that he Is
prepared to identity the four murder
ers of Herman Rosenthal Until now
Rose was not ready to say that he
could positively identify the gun men.
AS a welcome reinforcemnt to the
data available for the probing Of po.
lice graft in New York City, District
Attorney Whitman today found him
self In possession Of great mass Of
information collected by detectives
Las Vegas optic. (East Las Vegas, N.M.) 1908-1921, 1912-08-08
EederaI Armx to Be pIyIded.

Chihuahua, Mex, Aug. General
Pascual Orozco's inability to hold his
rebel army together has forced the
adoption of new plans of General
Huerta. the federal commander I'm
til he had driven the rebels back
from Bachimba, General Fuerta kept
his entire fighting strength in a con
fined area, but the campaign he now
is beginning will necessitate scat
tering Of his forces between Juarez,
on the international boundary, to Tor
reon, $40 miles south The small col
umns will attempt to hunt down the
weakened insurrecto bands. small
force of regulars will be left here.