davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1912-02-08
The Prairie Plowman.

He's settin' atop of traction pillow,
That bites both deep and wide;
He's the prairie king, and you've
got to bow
To him, on his throne of pride;
He rips a thirty-foot strip across
The face of the virgin plain:
II makes me dizzy to see it, boss
Aud the wonder is mixed with
pain.
For | knowed them plains in the
good old days
When the buffalo tracks were
thick
When the tossing heads was like
ugly waves,
And you heard their strong horns
click;
| sat in the saddle and counted steers
AS far as the eye could see,
And to think of EN- plowin' them
plains appears
A miracle to me.
But there he sets on his traction
pillow,
A-takin' it all as a joke
A-breakiu' the lands that we'd all
allow
Could never by man be broke;
And the sharp steel bites, and where
it's bit
The tough sod is upcast,
And laggards like me must all ad
nit
That our prairie is gone at last!
Arthur Chapman, in the Denve
Republican.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1912-02-08

To prepare cauiADwer au Gra,in
break the head into separate flow
crets end arranga them i q pan in
alternate layers with white sauce
sprinkled with grated cheese. Cover
the top of the dish with buttered
breadcrumbs and bake until the
top is nicely Drowned.
Shredded green pepper, pimento,
olives and cabbage, all shredded
and dressed with mayonnaise, make
a delicious salad.
Cold boiled cabbage baked in a
dish in alternate layers of white
sauce sprinkled with grated cheese
and baked makes substantial
dish.
Quick tea cakes served with
whipped cream make an easily pre-
pared dessert. Beat a cupful of Sill
gar into three stiffly beaten whites
and add gradually cupful of flour
that has been sifted with tea
spoonful of baking powder, Beat
the mixture very hard and add half
cupful of scalding hot milk. Bake
in individual tins. These cakes are
delicious served hot even without
cream.
If you get too much salt into
your tomato soup add a bit OF
brown sugar. 1t seems to make
salty soup taste all right; but, bet
ter still, add few slices of raw po
tatO.
Jugged steak is a dish that is al
most sure to please the men of the
household and an easy one to pre-
pare, for after putting in the vege
tables, meat and herbs and putting
into the oven that's the end of i
until time to take out and serve
Missouri Ruralist.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1912-02-08

Macon, Ca, Fen. i.

MaCOIl, I'd, 90. J.
Information was received at a
late hour tuesday by the Reunion
Executive Committee at Macon that
the entire membership of Camp
1046 Confederate Veterans in Tex
as will attend the Reunion in a
body. A letter was received by one
of the veterans at Aspormont ask
ing that reservations be made for
the members. The letter also stated
that veterans all over the Lone
Star State were enthusiastic over
the prospects for big Reunion this
year and were making preparations
to come and make great showing
for Texas. From Dallas, Fort Worth,
Houston, Ell PasO comes like news
to Macon.
The Camp will meet at Asper-
mont. February 18th, to determine
what route shall be taken to Macon.
Up at Paris, Mo, they have a
lodge of Odd Fellows that is DOING
grand work. Many of our readers
remember this lodge sending little
girl to California several years ago
to relatives and how tenderly she
was cared for on the way. This
lodge has a ward in the person of
Miss Lucille Humble and has I'M
dertaken to educate and train her
for the duties and responsibilities
of life. She has a home with Hon
j. P. Boyd and wife, former resi-
dents of Rails county and they treat
her as if she was their own daugh.
ter. At a meeting of the lodge last
week the committee to whom is en-
trusted the work of looking after the
young lady made a report and tolc
the lodge $3.50 was needed to senc
Miss Humble to Kirksville to pre-
pare her to teach. A collection was
taken and $210.50 raised Instant!
contributions ranging from one tt
ten dollars. No wonder 48 member
were added to the Paris Odd Eel
!. lows during the past year.-Tro,
Free Press.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1912-02-08
A Growing Practice.

A small boy stood in front of a
Falls avenue residence Saturday
afternoon crying bitterly.
Whats up, son." asked a good
natured workingman, lose some
thing?"
NO, l didn't" sobbed the boy,
I'm mad at my big sister, ats
what | am"
Did sister strike your"
No, but she won't let me bust
any paper bags any more cause she
needs 'em to cook in"
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1912-02-08
Saturday Thos. F. Bottorff trade

Saturday Thos. F. Bottorff traded
his residence property and twenty
three acres of ground, situated
south of New London, to John M
Alexander for the latter's residence
and four acres of ground, situated
in the south part of this city, Mr.
Alexander paying Mr. Bottorfl
5000 to boot" Possession will
be given August /. The deal was
made by Frank c. Hendrix. Rails
Co Times.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1912-02-08
The Houn' Dawg Song.

The Houn Dawg Song
Every time come to town
The boys keep a-kickin' my dog
arouu'
Makes 30 difference if he is a houn'
They got a-quit kickin' my dawg
aroun'.
Sambo lay the banjo down,
You good fur nothin' trifiin' houn',
Makes no difference if he is a houn'
You got a-quit kickin' my daws
aroun'.
Every time 90 to school
Tie teacher lams me with rule.
Makes no difference if l am a fool,
She's got a.quit lammin' me with a
rule.
Sift the meal and save the bran,
You can't grow taters in sandy Ian.
Makes no difference if he is houn
You got a.quit kickin' my dawg
aroun'.
My dawg Drum is a good oil houn'
Trails the possum on the dryest
groun'.
Makes no difference if he is a houn'
You got a-quit kickin' my dawe
arOun.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1912-02-08

Wise men don't grow bald. Pa
risian Sage prevents badness and
premature grayness. Guaranteed
by L. M. Wood for falling hair, itch
ing scalp and dandruff, so cents.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1912-02-08

The amount of coal mined in the
United States in 1910, according to
figures of the United States Geolog-
ical Survey, was greater by 10000
600 tons than the total tonnage
which had been mined up to the
close of the year 1871.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1912-02-08

Arch Spalding, of Saline town.
ship was a New London visitor last
Saturday. He is prospective can
didate for the democratic nominal
ton as Sheriff at the next primary
in this county. Record.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1912-02-08

Hyomei has often saved the life
of croupy child-mothers should
always have a bottle on hand.
Guaranteed by L. M. Wood for ca
tarrh, Group, etc. Outfit 500. Sep
arate bottle so cents.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1912-02-08

We should hate to think that the
republican party which has num-
bered among its members some of
the greatest men the country has
ever produced had fallen so low as
to be unable to elect but one man
and that man such an egotist and
wind TANNER as Roosevelt. Higbee
News.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1912-02-08

Have your Watches, Clocks
and Jewelry repaired at Bebb's
Jewelry Store. All work guar
anteed.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1912-02-08
For Sale.

For Sale.
Barred Plymouth Rock COckerels
Ringlet Strain. Call or address
Mrs. Mabel Morse.
Monroe City, Route 1.
2-15-12 Buffum Phone No. lis
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1912-02-08
Hadley's Parole Record.

Governor Hadley recently request
ed that Secretary of State Roach
have his records show that 81 of
the pardoned convicts were sick.
Roach replied by letter and handed
the governor a bunch he was not
looking for. He told Herbert S. that
his records not only showed the 81
sick paroles but the pardon of others
who were not sick; also that MIR.
Hadley had turned loose PIP more
convicts than had any one of his
five Democratic predecessors. Here
are the official figures. Gov. Fran
els, 4 years, IT'S; Stone, 4 years, SIS
Stephens, 4 years, IS; Dockery, 4
years, 1913; Folk, 4 years, 272; Had
ley, three, 484. Mr.. Hadley'S aver
age is 161 per year. If kept up lin
til the end of his term at the same
ratio he will have turned loose "a;
convicts. The records don't lool
good for Hadley. He wrote on
letter too many and got his hanc
exposed. - Huntsville Times.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1912-02-08

MIR. Bond, the contractor, says
barring ill luck, he will finish the
interior of the new Christian Church
in this city next week. He is GER
tainly rushing the work at present!
Rails County Times. -
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1912-02-08

mans at once and avoid trouble.
L. D. RHOADES.
This world is full of beauty. We
alone, with the enginery OF our
greed, make it ugly. But we can
not altogether succeed in hiding all
its beauty, and the open eye and
appreciative heart still. without 60
ing far afield, may catch glimpses
and often behold the full glory of
field and flower and starry heaven,
How deeply must we pity the life to
which the beauty of the world
brings no enriching, he who does
not take a deep breath and feel a
thrill of pleasure at sight of noun
tain, prairie or sea. And all the
prodigal beauty of this world is but
a message to us of the greater love
of the life that upholds it all, of the
himriches of that inhabiteth eternity
And fairer yet than field or flower
treasures greater and more endur
ing than ours for the taking. tn,
appreciating. in friendships, human
love, and companionships. Tht
peace that broods from mother
face, the strength of fathers lif
5 the light in our children's eyes, tn
5 joys of home and hearthside ar
not these the best riches of life? !
Chronicle.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1912-02-08

The party who got robe and bun.
die from my surrey, Thursday, will
please take same to Yates & Shear
mans at once and avoid trouble.
L. D. RHOADES.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-29

to be tolerated in bakery. The
housekeepers ought to investigate the
conditions and buy from the clean
baker The stock kept in your groc-
cry stores is as good as the average.
The buildings are old and many eel
lars are musty which tafnts the food
sold Your wholesale houses are ex-
cellent. Some of them are among
the best to be found in the state.
Some of the candy stores are beau
tifuily clean in front. but not SC clean
in the back. Buy from the man
whose back door is clean. / inspected
the Kellogg Burge candy department
and it is clean in every way.
Iowa needs sanitary law which
will cover the handling of food as for
example the clean handling of bread
All bread ought to be wrapped. Bread
now that is shipped is sent to the con.
s1mer in baskets through Witt
Sits. You can do much to- cause
stores, shops and bakeries to be KEPT
clean by an educational campaign
Educate the housekeepers to demand
pure food and honest measure ant
she viii get it. Roosevelt's big sticl
ism. half as effectual as club like
| this. I'd risk even a justice cour
/ if had wonan's club back of me
/ a club of housekeepers."
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-29
$3.50 RECIPE FREE
FOR WEAK MEN
send Name aid Address Today--You
Can Have 1t Free and be Strong
and Vigorous.

have In my possession prescrsp
,,oo for nervous debility. lack OF vigor
weakened manhood. failing memory
and lame back brought on by ex
cesses. unnatural drains, or the felI: =
m youth. that hf. cured so many
worn and nervous men right In their
own hornes- without any additional
be1T or medicine-that think every
nan who wishes tc regain Lis MANY
Rover and vfrility quickly and QUIET.
l. shouId have copy. So have
determined to send copy OF the pre-
snrintfon free O; charge. In a rIain
@,rdinary sealed envelope to any man
VINO will write me <or 1t.
This prescription comes from a nhy
stcian VINO has made special study
~ men ana am convinced (. Ia tic
anrest.acti1g combination for the cure
IN deficient manhood and vigor fail
ere ever put together.
think ow, II 70 my fellow ma,
To sepd them copy I'm conf nee ~
mat any man anywhere who FL veal
and discouraged With repeated IA, re,
NAV stop dru; 7g himself with harm
/ ful patent uedici r, secure what
/ believe ia the auickest-a ting restora
fige, upbui,ding SPOT TOUCHING
rer.eAy ever devised. and 80 cu..
! h,rngef st ho.ao quietly and quickl
JUS, drop me a line Ike this:Dr
4 r. Rot..isop, 40s1 Luci, Pulling. III
froit Mich, and ! VII ge1d you
copy Of this splendid recipc 81 D,ns
1 ordinary envelope free o. charge.
great nany doctors Womb ohary
500 70 $50 for merely writing OF
entirely three.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-29
CITY NEWS.

For fall hosiery and underwear at
popular prices. The Central
Harry Cosgroye. a laborer at the
Taber Lumber company's mill, walk
ed into the Diamond bar last night
and attempted to start some trouble
After striking at a customer OF the
place, Fred Weisnan, who owns the
saloon. tried TO eject the man from
the place and in the scuffle, the iarze
plate glass window at the front of the
house was smashed. Cosgrove was ar
rested and lodged in the city jail.
Investigate those Highland Park
lots. Beautiful river views and fine
locations. See Roberts, the real
estate man.
To-day is home coming day al ST
Johns church. This is the time when
all of the parishioners make specia
effort to attend the services Of th'
church, and the rector announces tn
plans for the church work of the year
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-29
KEOKUK MAY GET
NATIONAL MEETING
Delegate William Leeper, to National
Anti-Horsethief Meeting, Has
Good Intentions.

William Ieeper, of Montrose. dele
gate TO the national meeting OF the
Anti-horsethief association to be held
in Checotah, Oklahoma, October 3
and A. was Keokuk visitor yesterday
and while here announced that he was
going to the meeting prepared to make
Ia strong effort to land the next an
nual national meeting for this city
If his efforts are successful the state
meeting will also be held in this city
and the combination is figured te
draw large crowd of outsiders tc
Keokuk Delegate Leeper goes te
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-29
LOCOMOTIVE HIT
PASSENGER TRAIN
Twelve People Painfully Injured,
Three of Whom Were Seriously
Wounded.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service.l
LOS ANGELES, Calf. Sept. Is
The Los Angeles Limited was wreck
ed in the Barstow freight yards this
afternoon in collision with a Santa
Fe freight train. Twelve persons were
painfully injured, three seriously.
The limited was pulling out of the
yards when the Santa Fe locomotive.
coming into the same track from a
siding, struck the rear car of the
limited, demolishing it. The injured
are being brought to Los Angeles.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-29
JUSTICES IN POLITICS

A very interested audience Of wo-
men met in the high school yesterday
afternoon al the meeting of the Wo-
mans Civic League. A short bust
negs session was held at which vari-
GUS reports Of interest TO the mem
beers were read. A unanimous vote
of thanks was given to the McManus
Construction Co. and to Settler &
Moore for the gift of the drinking
fountain which they placed at Third
and Franklin streets. number Of
names were added to the roll OF mem
bership.
The program for the day was a very
interesting address b. State Food In
spector Flynn Among other things
he said The pure food department
is most pleased 10 nave the support
OF women. 10 one can so we'll help
in enforcing the pure food laT as the
housewife. The bureau in this state
consists of three chemists and eleven
inspectors You see how Inadequate
me force Is to enforce the Law, but
IL ne could in every city have the CO
operation OF clubs Of intelligent wo-
men IL would help materially in the
nure food crugade. Our greatest diff
ficulty in enforcing the law lies in
the fact that most cases are tried IN
the fuatice court They 20 often play
to politics that It is hard 70 get just
decision. In Keokuk we have tried
fifteen cases and you are fortunate In
having a superior court in this city
court presided over by an intelli
gent and just judge so ne have hat
less trouble here than In other places
have looked into the conditions il
which food IS dispersed in this cit.
and find it as good az the average
One bakery is very bad In that IL i
in a dark, musty. unventilated cellar
The owner OF the property has prom
ised to clean up that cellar, but
q bakery in a cellar liz always bad.
q was very surprised to find that on
Of the prominent bakeries has n
!, screens. We have ordered tha
q screens be placed at the doors an
windows. You can take note whethe
!, or not this is done. In some Iow
cities rotten eggs are used In cake
and other goods. Many bakeries vi
o canned eggs which may or may NJ
: he good. Dessicated eggs are oftt
!. used and they are bad eggs. not /;
!. ways rotten eggs but OF an inferi
quality. Rats and HES ought ney
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-29
OF
RIVER TRADE
Three Million Dollar Steamboat Line
Locks Like Old Times Are
Coming Back.

United Press Leased Wire Servlce.J
PITTSBURGH. Pa Sept. Pa 3d.
100000 steamboat line became real
ity today when John W. Hubbard OF
the Hubbard Blackwell Company, and
associates, took over several packet
companies doing business on the Ohio
river between here and Cincinnati
and New Orleans.
Many new boats will be built by the
new company and better service il
promised shippers in all river points
Record speed was made by the or
gsnizers of the new company In pur
chasing the smaller lines and consoli
dating them today, half score com
panies being taken over during the al
ternoon.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-29
NOTICE
NOTICE OF DISSOLUTION OF CO.
PARTNERSHIP

Notice is hereby given that the Co
partnership heretofore existing be
tween ALI C. Schmidt and Herbert P.
Schmidt, doing business in the city OF
Keokuk. Lee county. Iowa, under the
firm name and style of A. c. Schmidt
& Bro. has been dissolved The bust
ness will be conducted by A. C
Schmidt, under the same name and
Estyle of A. c. Schmidt & Bro, and al
bills, accounts and notes due said
firm will be payable to the new com
lpany as due. and all Indebtedness
owing by said firm will be prompt,
I.naid when due by the new company.
Dated at Keokuk, Ia, Sept. %, A. D.
1912.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-29
CITY NEWS.

If you are to get one of those
Highland Park lots be sure and see
j. A. Roberts before they are all sold.
e r. Bregenzer who has been
working on the transmission line, Is
home sick with malaria fever.
Masonic Special meeting OF
Hardin Lodge No. %, A. F. & A. NJ,
at x. P. hall, corner Fifth and Blon-
.deau, Monday evening, September 80
at 1880 O'Clock. Work on second de
gree. Visiting brethren fraternally in
vited to attend. BY order of the w
NJ. e. G. Meister, secretary.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-29

The Rev. Mr.. Sage has been busy this
summer in making arrangements for
the various activities of the parish,
and it is expected that his announce
merrt tomorrow will be of more than
usual interest. ST. Johns member
ship grew very rapidly this past year,
increasing some thirty percent. From
present indications it is expected that
the growth Of the parish will be
equally rapid during the current year.
There will doubtless be a large at
tendance at the Ii o'clock service
this morning.
No river view more beautiful than
that secured from the White Elk
Vineyard ground. out of which the
Highland Park subdivision has been
created. See ]. A. Roberts, real
estate dealer, for particulars.
NOTICE.
The Lee County Loan and Building
association offer for sale 500 shares
of stock tos date from Oct. /, 1912.
These shares may be used as an
investment or to borrow upon.
J. D. ECKER, Secretary.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-29
HIM alec sAMEE
BULL MOOSE TOO
Comes Out for Progressive
Candidate.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service.l
BOSTON, Sept. 2S.-Charles H.
Shue, the Chinese nominated by the
republicans for the house of represen-
tatfves, has announced that he was
bull moose and would vote for
Roosevelt Shue obtained his nomi-
nation in ward seven, heretofore dem
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-29
E,ks Family Party.

Several hundred members of the B.
P. o. E. and their families were enter
tanned by the lodge Friday night at the
elegant new club rooms of the order
in lavish style. The affair was in the
hands OF various committees appointed
by the lodge and the function
was one OF the most enjoyable of the
early fall.
The cfairmen of the committees
we're Roy King, reception: Harry Cul-
kin and Frank Wilmering. refresh
ments, Louis Royanne, entertainment.
The refreshments we're served in the
large dining room in the basement OF
the building and consisted of sand
witches, ice cream. coffee and cake,
Until about O'Clock the visitors
inspected the building and then went
to the ledge room on the second floor.
where Agnes orchestra played for
dancing. a most. enjoyable evening
was spent by all the guests.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-29
ocratic, on a progressive party plp
form.
He was born in Seattle. of chsness
parents and is under thirty years,
with wife and three children.
s25o.ooo Fire.

DENVER, Colo. Sept. 2S.The Col.
orado zinc works. owned by the Gug-
genheim interests, was DESTROYED by
fire late tonight with loss OF $780,
600. Although the building burned to
the ground, and falling walls endan-
gered scores OF persons, none was
hurt. Spontaneous combustion in the
coal sheds is assigned as the cause.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-29
D. A. r. Pooram.

The keokuk Chapter Daughters OF
the American Revolution will open
their years program on Saturday af-
ternoon. Oct. l.. Miss Elizabeth Dun
lap will entertain the chapter on that
date.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-29
Teas Soon to Reair.

The Cosmopolitan club will give Its
first of a series of Mothers Teas on
the afternoon of Oct. Is at the home
OF Mrs. Lafayette Brown, 613 Orleans
avenue.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-29
Ladies' of Trinity.

The Trinity Ladies society will be
entertained next Friday afternoon at
the home Of Mrs. C. NJ. Teeters. is y.
Tenth, assisted by Mrs j. G. Ford
and Mrs. Robert Brown
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-29
nanoin class Meetinn.

Miss Maud Marshall has Issued
cards announcing the first meeting of
her dancing class to be held in the
Armory on Nov. 20.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-29
Eortniahtly whist Club.

The Fortnightly Whist club will
hold its first meeting of the season at
the home of Mrs. A. D. Ayres on Tues
DAY afternoon.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-29
VISITING in keokuk.

Mrs. Samuel Edwards of Dubuque.
who has many friends in this city is
the guest OF her sisters. Mrs. ]. D. Ru-
bidge and Mrs. D. A. Collier.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-29
To Entertain p. e. O..

The P. E. o. Chapter will be enter
tanned on Tuesday evening at the
home of Mrs. S. NJ CASTOR.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-29

Checotah fortified with proper argu-
ments to show why the next meeting
should be held in this city.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-29
PARTY for Miss Underwood

Miss Nellie Wiley and Miss Dietz
will entertain on Monday evening at
the home of Miss Wiley, 1918 Blon-
deau street. The party viii be in
honor of Miss Underwood who will
leave the city soon Tor her home in
Nebraska.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-29
ST. Johns Guild Tomorrow.

ST. Johns Guild will meet on Mon
day afternoon at the home of Mrs
G. Collingwood Tucker. SIG Fulton
street. Mrs. Geo. E, Rx and Mrs
Thomas P. Gray will assist in enter
tanning.