davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16
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OF 1874 The first official notice that was
taken of the failure of the electoral coll
lege to choose a President was the 18th
of January, 1925. when a resolution was
introduced in the House for the appoint
ment of a committee TO prepare rules for
the guidance OF the House i'm its selec-
ton of a President Such rules were
prepared and adopted the 26th of Janu-
airy. and. while they We're in some re-
spects different from those under which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16
s. Unprecedented Event of Presidential Deadlock

President: then Philander c. Knox. Sec
rotary of State of the outgoing admin
istraton, would take the reins from Mr.
Sherman.
1t seems impossible that this was the
idea of the makers of the Constitution.
The very absurdty of such a procedure
seems to show that the amendment does
not mean that the Senate-elected Vice
President shall assume the reins of gov
eminent
But the mere fact that there is diff
ference Of opinion, even among cabinet
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16

delegation The same is true Of Iowa.
Kansas. Massachusetts. Michigan. Mime
sofa PENNSYLVANIA and Wisconsin.
The only advantage the democrats
would have in such a contest is the fact
that they control the House and would
frame the rules under which the voting
would be done. But about the only I'M
portant question tending to affect the
outcome that they could determine would
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16

wound throw the election of the President
into the House and that of the Vice Presl-
dent into the Senate.
For presidential election purposes the
House is tied tighter than a Gordian Knot
Some declare that the man chosen by the
Senate for Vice President would not be
eligible for the presidency in the event
that the House could not make a choice,
and that the presidential chair would go
TO the Secretary of State Of the outging
administration. With the possibilities OF
the election going into the House and
that body not being able to make a
choice. and upon the top of that a dispute
as TO the presidential succession. 1t can
readily be seen that this year of grace
1912 is year laden with possible situa-
tions the very contemplation of which
sends a thrill to the American heart.
II is a situation which gives the choice
OF candidates for the vice presidency at
Baltimore and Chicago a peculiar sig
nfieance The seemingly plain statement
OF the Constitution that in the event the
House is unable to make choice the Vice
President chosen by the Senate shall be-
choose the Vice President from the two
leading candidates in the electoral college,
appears to make IT certain that in case
the election of a President should go into
the House and be tied up there either the
vice presidential nominee at Chicago or
his opponent nominated by the Baltimore
convention would succeed to the presi-
dency.
Going back TO the fundamental law
under which our Presidents are chosen
ii is found that the twelfth amendment
to the Constitution lays down the pro-
cedure governing the choice. The franz
ers of that amendment. having seen the
original constitutional provision fail to
meet the needs of American politics,
ment to provide against every possible
contingency that might arise. Therefore
they not only provided a substitute
method for times when the regular
method should fail, but provided for con-
ditions under which even the substitute
method should fail. And their wisdom
and foresight stands a good show of be-
ing indicated this year.
Guainted with political conditions existing
today that the voters will go to the polls
next fall with three tickets In the field.
Under the new apportionment, it will re-
quire 266 votes in the electoral college
to elect, the total number Of electors be-
ing a31. Should there be three tickets
II the field, and the weakest one.poll only
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16

probably would know the outcome as
soon as the general election was held
Then would come a remarkable time of
jockeying for advantage The electoral
college might possibly resume it's con-
stitutional prerogative to become de-
Lucrative body, and the republicans, dis
covering their mess. might decide to vote
solidly for the leading candidate Of their
two factions, but this is very unlikely.
With all the jockeying that might be
done it is probable that no deal could be
rugged up to break the House deadlock
The vote of the electoral college would
be counted on the second Wednesday of
February, as usual, in a joint session of
the Senate and House, in the House
chamber. Vice President Sherman presid-
ing. When it was found that none of the
candidates had a majority, the Vice Pres
ident would announce the fact and the
Senate would retire, while the House, act
ing on previously adopted rules, would
begin to ballot for President.
If Champ Clark were the democratic
candidate he might have the unprece-
denied honor Of presiding over the House
that was trying to elect him President.
Each delegation would be polled at every
ballot, and the result Of the vote OF the
process would be continued on day after
day until choice was made or until the
4th of March came around.
Meanwhile the Senate would be voting
on the vice presidency. Here the proce-
dure would be different. In the first
place, the choice of the Senate is limited
to the two leading vice presidential can
didates in the regular election, while
in the House it is required to include the
three leading candidates for the presi-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16

ton, because England utterly refused to
keep the promise made by her envoy.
Then France came into the deal with a
proposition which was one Of the real
inner causes Of the war.
In The Making OF the Nation Prof.
Francis A. Walker tells how France met
proclamation of Madison's to the eff
feet that II either France or England
should decide to observe the neutral laws
as regarded the United States, and the
other country failed to do likewise within
period Of three months. all trade with
the recalcitrant nation should cease.
I'm August Of 1871" says the historian.
France met these conditions. In No
vember of that year President Madison
declared the restrictions removed as re-
garded France and her dependencies.
Three months later, in March Of 1871.
Congress passed an act decreeing the
restriction In force against Great Britain .
Prof. Walker insists that while Eng
land had not kept her agreement, neither
had France, and the whole explanation
is that the dominant party had made UP
its mind that war must come-and that,
therefore, war with France must be
avoided. That we would accept from the
latter country, not what we wanted, not
what we ought to have. but what we
could get"
But 1t is ever the militia which voices
the cry OF the populace. Regulars Of land
or sea are compelled to fight for so much
per month. The militia, however. was a
volunteer body and historians relate that
the greatest difficulty was experienced in
obtaining sufficient recruits to fill out
necessary state organizations. Giving the
impressment of American seamen by the
English as one plausible reason for the
war 1t would not have added any to its
popularity had the Americans been con-
scripted for home service.
Various other causes tended. however.
70 gradually create war -zeslinG that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16

result. Then some Of the federalists quit
voting, and that placed Vermont and
Maryland in the Jefferson column. James
A. Bayard of Delaware and the federal
lists of South Carolina refused to vote,
and on the thirty-sixth ballot Jefferson
won. Bayard afterward declared that If
Burr had deceived one man "a great
blockhead) and tempted two mot incor-
ruptible) he might have secured a ma
jority of the states.'
The second and last time that q. presi-
Dental election was thrown into the
House occurred following the campaign
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16

OR the second time
In less than a year,
a bride Is the mis-
tress of the Mexf-
can embassy, a rec
ord which none Of
the other foreign
establishments can
boast. Only before
the coming of Sem
ora de Ia Barra
had an amba ssador
been welded dur
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16

Orleans that IF we kept out the British
with such Notifications we can surely
keep out the Mississippi
Jackson Square. in the French quarter.
remains today, as Ii was then, a mass
of rfotous bloom in honor of the men who
fought there. And 1t is notable that the
profusion of flowers. which form beds
and clusters and unique designs, are
nearly all brilliant with the hue OF blood.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16

be whether, in three-sided vote in
delegation, plurality or a majority would
be necessary to determine the complexion
of a states vote. And yet a decision in
favor of the plurality would not suffice to
break the deadlock.
Should the election be thrown into
the House, such another era of plotting
and contemplating as would ensue is
hard to imagine. OF course, the country
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16

stitutional officer, and as such would take
up the reins of government.
But it seems that this will not hold
good. If 1t did, and that construction of
the Constitution were acquiesced in, this
is what would happen on the 4th of next
March If the House were still deadlocked
The Senate-elected Vice President would
have no status whatever for the moment;
President Taft under the clause which
says that then the Vice President shall
act as President as in the case of death
or other constitutional disability of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16

ing his term OF office. and that was when
NJ Patenotre, French ambassador. mar
ried Miss EMERSON of Philadelphia and
brought her to Washington Senior de la
Barra, who afterward became President
of Mexico ad interim. was wed during his
term here, but was called to his country
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16

bloody contest. compared to some other Of
the worlds authorized conflicts. II was in
many ways unique among the wars
America has fought during her young
existence.
In sharp contrast to those earlier wars
by which the United States gained their
independence was this war of 1912. Fired
by patriotism, 1t was the people who
fought gladly in those former years be-
cause they fought under the stimulus of
conscious wrongs: from every historical
source comes data TO prove that the war
of 1872 was war of the politicians. Com
pairing them. one might call that OF '76
"a war of the heart and that of 1912 "a
war of the head"
For a number of years preceding It
there was continual strife and dissatis-
faction among statesmen regarding the
attitude of France and England toward
the United States. Close students Of
that time insist that II was a tossup
which country was giving this one the
worst DEAL and that IL seems to depend
on the flip OF a coin which one America
would select TO fight. since to fight both
was impossible.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16
D other presidential

o other presidential
year in the history
Of the country has
been fraught with
the election posi-
bilities of this year.
There may be a
third party. That
third party may
poll enough votes
TO prevent any one
of the three tickets
from winning. That
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16

JST one century
ago, June Is. the
United States de-
clared war on
En- gland and began
a two and-a-half-
year 8 tru & & ! e.
which starting in
1912 ended with
the battle of New
Orleans early in
1915. Though not
to be ella ssed as q
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16

ed the high methods OF Napoleon,
who-grown tyrannical with success-serv-
ed notice on this government that any
American vessels caught in French ports
would be seized and sold. Moreover, ne
proceeded to carry out his threats.
President Madison showed plainly I'M
mediately on his inauguration that ne
preferred peace with England and war
known as the ''quids" from "tertum
quid." meaning a third something-be-
cause they had departed from the two
known organizations and founded this
newer voting body-which backed Monroe
for President and even ventured to at
tack the legitimacy Of President Madi-
sons election. While not substantiated
by direct facts. historians unite in agree
ing that Madison was largely influenced.
In his subsequent war attitude, by his
wish to placate these political enemies.
So the country stewed and simmered
in the cauldron Of discomfort. Something
additional was needed to bring 1t to the
boiling point and IL came In the appar-
emily accidental collision of a British man
Of war and the American vessel Presi-
dent in May of 1911. At another time
this would have passed as a mishap of
the seas. but public speakers made OPP
portunity of il and the desire for war
steadily grew under their manipulations.
81
PROFESSIONALLY the English ministers
TO this country did much-through lack
Of that very diplomacy for which they
were employed-to bring about this war.
Mr.. Erskine. then British minister. prV-
cfpitated matters greatly by engaging to
guarantee certain agreements on the part
Of England II America met them. 1. e..
that IL America would rescind the nom
intercourse act so as to favor Great
Britain the latter would recall its orders
in council.
President Madison agreed to this for
America, and subsequently had. scram-
blingiy end much TO his humiliation. to
change hack aGaln - the original situA-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16

ing and her helpers were none too
anxious to wait longer But. just as
the most temperamental of all the
first ladies' was about to depart she
remembered an immense portrait OF
George Washington which adorned
wall of the presidential bed chamber.
The cart could not possibly contain the
frame-overloaded as 1t already was
so the clear-brained Mrs. Madison cut
the picture from it's frame and took
it along.
And now one comes to the final and
most extraordinary feature of this almost
useless war. On December "a. 1914. a
peace treaty was signed at Client between
this country and England. In 1t no REFER
ence was made to the demands OF the
United States-or. rather. to the reasons
why she went to war-and neither did
England make any concessions regarding
her future conduct on the seas.
That she ceased to impress American
seamen has been declared by students OF
those times to have been as much the
result Of changed conditions as any re-
gard for neutrality. Napoleon's power
had been crippled. Europe was at peace
and England, no longer engaged in war
fare, had no further need for extra sea-
men. And, while patriotic Americans ike
to feel this war asserted her supremacy,
the more conservative insist that had she
waited a year or two 1t would never nave
been necessary.
The last battle OF the confict-that OF
New Orleans-was fought after the sigh
ing of the peace treaty. With the cable,
such a military contretemps would have
been impossible, but century ago news
travelled across the ocean and the length
of the land very slowly indeed.
The British invaders made desperate
effort to capture the Crescent city, but
Gen. Jackson, who was in charge, built
up miles of breastworks with bales Of
cotton and kept them on. Today there
is an optimistic saying current In New
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16

became more than legislative talk In
the spring Of 1912 President Madison
conidentially recommended to Congress
that war with England be declared. Put
to a vote, the measure passed both legis-
lative bodies by vote of 20 to 40 in the
House and 10 to 10 in the Senate-war be-
ing declared the same day, June Is.
Unique in SO many respects, the war
was apparently dominated by the number
three" Just that many reasons were
given for declaring It; precisely that num-
Der Of years elapsed from the sea col
lision to the final declaring of peace; a
trio Of land encounters stand out as MEM
orable: and three forms of warfare-or
rather warfare in three different sections
which never overlapped-made it re-
markable.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16

Sonora Calero, although here but a
short time, has devoted days to a diligent
search for a suitable homo in the high
hills west of the city. She has decided to
locate in the section about Connecticut
avenue or 18th street extended. and the
embassy will be used only for offices and
for the large evening or afternoon levees.
The upper part of the building will be
used for the clerical work and the lower
floors. which are heavily and extensively
furnished by the government. will be re-
tanned in their present condition. It
seems the ideal arrangement for diplo-
matist with a large family Of young chill
dren, and 1t will probably serve as
model for many years. The ballroom.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16

to take the helm Of state during crucial
point of the Madero revolution.
Senior Manuel Calero, who succeeded
Senior Crespo, was married a few months
before coming to Washington. and his
charming bride will be a prominent social
figure. The recent ambassador, Senior
Crespo. lived a bachelor existence. His
family. consisting Of a wife and eight
children. preferred European life to that
in Washington. and. owing to their re-
luctance to break up their home in Vien-
ma. Senior Cnespo asked to be returned to
his post at the Austrian Hungarian capt.
tai.
With the coming of the young hostess
Of the Mexican embassy many important
changes are announced. The ambassador
was married previous to his union with
the former Senorita Jovita Charles and
there were eight motherless little ones
awaiting her care. They range from
fourteen to five years, and the embassy
purchased some years ago by the Mexican
government on I street near 18th is en-
tirely Inadequate for the requirements Of
such a family.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16

The impressment Of American seamen
by the English, Of course. was the first
cause for dissatisfaction. England, at
war with France and desperately in need
Of men, insisted on her right to the serv-
ices Of her Offspring" Americans, nat
urally, did not see 1t that way.
A second reason was the belief that
England was endeavoring to coax away
from the Union a number of the
states. Strength was leht this
surmise by confession made by a
Britisher. who confessed to the then Sec
rotary Of State that he had been brtbed
by the governor general Of Canada to
engage in this work. Not being paid. he
sold his information to this government.
A third reason-and one which could
probably have been eliminated had the
wireless been in use then-was that the
long delays in getting information from
England led the people to fear that coun-
try might have time to strengthen her
frontier posts and further stir up the
Indians against this nation.
When the war did break" It was
fought out by battles between ships at
sea, al along The Atlantic coast and on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16

voted to my old teacher. My wedding oc-
Cured in my fathers home in Saltillo in
the early part of the past winter"
Senior Calero is the youngest ambas-
sador in that grave section of diplomatic
representation in Washington. He is but
little more than forty, and has since his
early manhood been a member Of the
foreign service of his country He
and afterward In some Of the most re-
nowned seats of learning In Europe. He
has been for some time in Mexico in the
foreign office. though he has served IN
several capitals Of South America and
Europe. Senior and Sonora Calero have
already given several notable entertain
ments-namelly, the reception to the en-
tire diplomatic corps and the officials or
the State Department, and those divisions
of the House and Senate dealing with
foreign relations This reception was
held in the embassy and was a brilliant
affair Miss Leon assisted Sonora de
Iacueva, wife of the first secretary. In
dispensing dainties in the banquet hall,
while the other members of the embassy
staff were also present in the drawing
rooms. The ambassador speaks English
perfectly and acted as interpreter for his
Wife The ambassador has also given
several dinners, one to the members or
his staff and some close friends now serv-
ing in other legations and embassies. and
with whom he has been connected In past
years.
The old problem of erecting a new
embassy for Mexico appears to have
been solved by the idea of having an
official residence and a private one In
different section. Ever since the
coming of Senior Cree1 1T has been agi-
tated that the portion of the city where
the Mexican government erected Its
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16

The people were indignant over the i'm
pressment Of American seamen in the
English service. but they equally rssent-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16

BY MARGARET B. DOWNING.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16

I'VE have pretty receptions and balcony
parties and gatherings in homes and gar
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-06-16

received the same number of votes in the
electoral college as the head of his ticket
had obtained
The river press., 1912-07-17
School Of 1eleoraphy.

With the completion of double
track system of railroad in its school
Of telegraphy at Bedford, Pa. the
Pennsylvania railroad is to send out
notices calling attention to the oppor-
tunity offered young men who desire to
enter the railroad field.
The Bedford school of telegraphy
has the same equipment as a station
on double track road. In addition to
the miniature railroad, engines and
cars. regular system Of manual block
signals, with crossovers and sidings,
has been installed. Dispatching trains
by telegraph and telephone is taught
in the school. while the students are
also given full course in agents
work, such as fling Of tariffs. keeping
reports. filing out standard blanks and
keeping the necessary records.
The river press., 1912-07-17
Deciding Elections In July.
New York Herald.) }


The democra attic cannon are booming.
Democratic huzzss are in the air.
Hang out q flag today and IT you are
not a democrat you will be scowled at.
The general attitude of those liberat.
ed from the msrtyrdom of Baltimore
has q tendency to convince the re-
publicsns, the independents, the
socialists and the prohibitionists that
that this is democratic Fourth OF
July and that nobody but the demo-
Gratis should have any part in it.
How often have we seen this po-
liticsl phenomenon before! Only four
years ago on the Fourth of July. at
Denver, great Bryan rainbow
spsnned the sky, and the Promised
Land, as viewed from the altitude OF
Pixies Peak, seemed surely democratic.
Eight years ago at St. Louis, the rosy
complexion of Parker doomed across
the political armament with all the
signs Of victory. But alas presidents
are not elected in midsummer.