Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-03
P0RTUGAL'S POLITICAL PLIGHT


ments. certain encaves being exchanged
and the possession of other territories
settled.
The Cape Verde Islands. fourteen in
whose seat Is at Praia, the capital. The
population in 1900 was 147.42
Guinea, CPortuguesel on the coast OF
Senes ambia. is bounded by the limits
fixed by the convent on OF May IL. 1856.
with France. The Islands OF st. Thomas
and Principe constitute a province under
a governor. The population consists OF
81, 776 In St. Thomas and 4.327 In Principe
Angola. with a coast line OF over loo
miles. is separated from French Kongo by
the boundaries ASSIGNED by the convention
OF May Il, 1885; from the hongo Free
State by those fixed by the convention OF
May p, 1891: from British South Africa
In accordance with the convention OF
June IL. 1891. and from German South
west sfrica in accordance with that OF
December 80, 1885.
Portuguese East Africa is defined by
limits OF the arrangement be ween Great
Br tain and Portugal In June. 1891. 1t is
separated from German East Africa ac-
cordinS to agreements OF October and De-
cember 1885, and July. 1890. The whole is
divided into three districts. Mozambique.
Zambesia and Lourenco Marques. The
population of the ports and towns 10
about $1,000.
1t will not be forgotten that Portugal
has been the pioneer of African conquest
Il was Portugal which, in thu,
FAMOUS fifteenth century under the
n.- regime Of its COURAGEOUS nav
lgators. first planted In AZ
rica in the Christian err the landmarks OF
Christian civilization. The names OF Don
Henri. the navigator: Albuquerque. who
bombarded Calcutta and seized Goa;
Vasco de anna. who discovered the route
to India by the Cape o Good Hope: Bar
thoiemy Diaz, LacerGa. silva Porto Serpa
Pinto and others-such illustrious names
are ineffaceable and protest against the
combinations which governments may
make against their obiteration.
Count lie Penna HaIc.a. lo.mer min
lister of FOR ugai ana pres dent of the
chamber of deputies. says:
Let us aud that Portuguese soldiers
and functionaiies havt dyed Win their
blood these African lands con zee. ed to
cIvl.izat on. Tn Colonial Expansion has
dominated the POI ieai an economical
l fe of the coun ry during that PER. oi and
We have given our lives. capital iapor
and intelligence to this end. II L. such
titles dearly acq tired, VIII ch neit the
respect and esteem of the Nv Lieu
world"
NJ de Monte. denuty 10 The French
elamber. writing IL he Grand Revue
If the ;irst Anniversary - tle Pattu-
Suese republic, pay a tf3nstt - thf
guests cony okei at he ba1eGtar tai5.e q
the president of the reluh y. ornf1uF
Manoel d'AIrIag1. hon - Sers "a q -
the memory of DeDuty SON aaaaa. whose
assass nation "a tae siEnal of Ise t.Eo-
luton: 10 Rear AdHi.rai and 4 d. itls,
who dleG dur.ns ne NUT n t.W hours
before the triumph VI The rep5iae
NJ. de Nome was pre- ent n LtsoJn
during the revolution and heard the OFF,
cal utteTance saw
Frenchman the military 4arades.
-, man. Iestatiuns in the
VUse1satAV0. streets ana meet ngs.
1t was not a republic whose tomorrow
was assured, but a republic which was
oelng discussed and menaced yet ac-
claimed in all the quarters of Lisbon.
rom the heights OF the Estulia to the
suburbs Of The Jeronymos.
" de Monzle uOes not con slider the mon-
arch.sts a danger to the portuguese re-
pubic. The entei prIses OF the royaIsts
nave in Capt. HenrlQue DO Paiva Couceiro
a man of exceptional energy, who won
excellent prestige IN hgnting in the Afri-
can coIOnies.
This solder was the last or only de-
fender of the monarchy. Coucefro nnally
accepted the, republic, but ne became
quickly Disguised with II. He gave I.lS
word of honor not to fight the republic;
ne came back one day 10 surrender ms
parole take back his word of honor ana
oeg that he should be arrested within
forty-e.ght hours. The minister OF
war. XAVIER Barreto, did not dare arrest
an omcer capaole of using sucn proud
but loyal language. Army officers. what
ever their political convictions, admired
the gallant COuceiro attitude. Ana
Paiva Couceiro, protected ny his popu-
larity, proceeded to the frontier OF Spain.
where ne organized a counter revolution.
His troops were recrui.ed and main
tanned with money furnished by priests
and Portuguese monarchists of Brazil,
together with money lenders procured by
the Bragance. But these troops mad no
Iaith in the monarchy. hey were neither
'.Manoelists" nor "Migueiists." King
Manoel mad discouraged the devotion of
his partisaps by Ills ugiy flight Don
Miguel de Bragance had long ago for
feited all claim to his pretensions. In
truth. adds the deputy, Paiva Couceiro
was in the field less TO restore the ancient
regime than to overthrow the new. whose
ii was confessed, mad
alarmed certain Interests ana akasperated
certain consciences. PaIva Coucelro Was
not a clerical, but an enemy OF me re-
public.
The scandals of the old regime and its
lack of power to govern mad Drought all
parties, all OF tneL rea-
sonaoie element, all those
VINO conceived OF AN hon
~" "AA' est ana 10y uemOc. acy, to
the idea that a cnan.e Was NECESSARY.
rne dictatorship Franco was the last
recourse OF a monarchy already damned
oy punnc OPINION.
According to NJ. Monzie, who confesses
that he is not entirely conversant with
the history of the Carbonan OF Portugal.
the revolution was the work of the Car
ponari This organization is strongly in
lrenched in the labor secret societies. and
IS a 'nghting force for democracy more
active and powerful than its other
branches. Macnado Santos in his story
credentials OF Candldo 90 Refs as M
spector of the CarDOnari. But Candida
do keis and the republican chiefs were
not the real heads or the CarDonarf.
The CarDonari were recruited in the
army and navy among the officers and
on-commissIoned and employees or
posts and commerce. They numbered
lO,vvv before the revolution; their
numbers doubled after the revolution.
as m.gnt be expected. Audacious, dis
clpllned and armed, the CarDonari
have been the artisans of the republic.
Inc Old philosopher IneOpnilus braga.
VINO was president OF the provisional
delights to repeat on all
occasions that the Portuguese revolu-
tiOn is the work of Augus,e Comte.
4 ne real authors OF the republic were
the Carbonari under Macnado santos.
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