davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-31
LAEH GArUyq AS IT Is Day THIS
OE1GHrY FVEFEET

the land outside 1t is carried into the
basin or core of the dam between piles
of loose rock dumped out by the cars.
During our trip over the works we
rode out to where the suction dredges
were gouging out the sides of the
mountain, mixing it with water and
forcing it through a pipe into the
DAM The pipe was as big around as
a -four barrel and a mile or so long. 1t
made me think of a boa constructor or
of the dra gon which guarded the gold
en- apples of Hesperides. This mighty
boa vomits black earth at the rate of
thousands of tons every day into the
core
AS We looked L talked with Col. Sibert
about the dam, and he gave me tech
meal description from which | am con-
WINGED it will hold back the waters of
the ChagreS for all time to come. He
says that the earth in the core is the
same as that which forms the bottom OF
the lake. The engineers made drillings
but they found that there was go feet
of such material above the bed rock, and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-31

that a concrete dam was impossible
They then tested the earth 70 see whcth-
er it would hold water. and it did. They
analyZed it and found that much of it
contained blue clay. and they have dis
covered that some of it was formed by
the silt from the Chagres, and other
parts by the sea- which once came up
here in the form of q great bay. AS an
evidence Of this | saw sea shells dug UP
by the steam shovel below the locks dur
ing my trip this morning.
The blue clay which forms a part of
this earth is absolutely waterproof. In
one place the engineers found the trunk
of a tree imbedded in it. The log was
fifty six feet below sea level but it was
not in the least affected or decomposed.
1t had evidently lain there for thousands
and possibly millions of years. and had
the water gotten to it it would have
rotted away.
When the dam is completed the central
portion OF it. or core, Will be made of
earth containing material like this, and
the parts in front and behind this
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-31

way This is the overflow OF the dam.
1t is right in the center and it con-
sists of a concretelined opening, lit
tie more than quarter of mile long
and 800 feet wide. which runs down
through the dam to a point about
ten feet above sea level The crest
of the dam viii be 115 feet above
that level The spillway dam viii be
fitted with gates; and the machinery
which will regulate the water level of
the lake. This masonry is all in place.
1t is semi-circular in shape and ii
looks as if it were made of Berrea
sandstone.
In my trip today | was shown how
the dam was constructed. By sue
cession Of VS. the railroad track leads
to its top and we rode here and there
all over it. There are two great walls
of excavated material made up of the
mighty masses of rock and other spoil
from the Culebra cut These form d
reservoir, as it were which is being
filled with clay and sand and other stuff
dredged from the lake and also from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-31

mighty locks which will lift the olSSest
of the ocean greyhounds from the At
lantic to the lowest level at the end or
this chain of the Andes, so that they
may shoot across it and go down other
water steps into the Pacific. Here is Where
our canal and the old French canal
cross and where the mightest OIL the
construction work of the Panama canai
begins. Gatun is. in some respects, the
heart of this greatest engineering WORK
of all times the ganglionic center from
which it's nerves radiate.
| came here this morning from my
hotel at Ancon on the Pacific L rose
at ; O'Clock and rode with the WORK
men on the railroad along the canal.
have spent all day in going over the Gam
and locks with Col. Sibert, the hydraulc
engineer who has charge of the Atlanuc
division of the canal; and am now
writing these notes on the second moor
of the Gatun admin stration building, In
plain view of the canal and the locks
and of the Atlantic ocean, which is roll
ing up its surf in Limon bay
All day l have been flying over the dam
and the works. / have gone up ana
down the locks In car run py d SdSoiiiio
engine. 1 have even ridden under those
mighty chambers forty feet and more De-
low the level of the sea, and under the
basins which when filled with water VIII
some day lift ships big as the Oiym-
pic on their way from ocean 10 ocean. l
have been inside the mighty con-
crete pipes, each as big as the tube tun-
mel through which the Pullman trains go
on their way under the river from Jersey
CITY TO New York. and have seen the
holes as big as a hogshead which VIII ao-
nit the waters of the Chagres into the
floors of the locks.
T have visited the Atlantic ocean where
The canal ends or begins; have flown
across the spillway, and, with my life,
i, seems to me, ever resting on the
balance of a hair and my heart In my
throat. have been carried In and out and
over this mighty maze OF machinery
which lifts mountains in its fingers ana
carries the earth and the waters in the
palm of its hand.
The scenes are indescribable- Even
now my head buzzes as l look at the
living steel cables which are carrying
sfeeI hocsheads loaded with stone through
the air as though they were balloons hiled
with the highest of gas: at the rivers or
cars piled high with the blue rock from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-31

UNPARALLELED Indus
~ trial Strife in Great
Britain Is Bringing Laboring
and Capitalistic Glasses to the
Verge of the Final Test-ln
1911 e31 900 People Were on
Strike, the Greatest Number
in the History of the Country
The Present Year, Which
Opened With the Gigantic
Coal Strike, Promises to Be
One of Industrial Chaos.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-31

Culebra cut. and at the vast moving net
work of steel wires, railroad trains and
human beings which covers the Gatun
locks and the dam.
The impressions which come through
the ear here are almost as terrifying
as those through the eye. The drums
of my head are vibrating at something
like a thousand movements a second
A boiler factory would be a rest cure
in comparison, and the Shriek1ng OF the
steam, the exploding of the dynamite,
the hammerins of steel upon steel ana
the thousand noises of mighty ma
chimes are combined into rasping din
that makes ones nerves the only per-
ceptible part of his being. 1t is under
such conditions that i am giving you
my impressions and recording some of
the notes which were made here today
at Gatun.
Let me first make a rough drawing
of the scene as it looks from the roof
of this office building on the top of the
high hill just over the dam. We might
be in a flying machine, for the waters
of the ocean and those of Gatun lake
and the canal, which lead to them, are
spread out below us as though on a
map. Looking to the north, you can
follow the line of the canal from Limon
bay right up to the locks. A score of
great dredges are now working in it,,
excavation. comparatively speaking, yet
to be done.
At the end of this channel is the ma
sorry of the locks. now almost COM
pleted. and beyond them the dam where
the waters of the Chagres are rising.
There is now only about twenty
feet of water in the lake. but it is
beautiful sheet, with many islands
spotting the surface. Later on it will
be seventy feet higher. and will cover
such vast extent that sitting on the
steamers some parts of it extend be-
yond the range of the eye.
Now take a rapid view of the locks.
They lie below us in three pairs of gil
gantic stone chambers, one above the
other, covering a distance of more than
half a mile. and containing material
enough to build little city of sky
scrapers. The material is concrete and
il looks like stone. Connected with that
i'm the dam it's amount is altogether more
than two million cubic yards, or more
than enough to make a wall six feet wide
and six feet high of solid concrete from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-31

the figures the writer is about to quote.
They are not guesswork statistics. but
hard facts prepared by the board of
trade and based upon figures furnished
by the parties interested in the various
disputes.
Taking the year 1910 as a whole 515,-
lbs working people of both sexes were
engaged in 531 strikes at various times.
The number of working days lost in this
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-31

their backs are approaching tho f,,..
tole wall and soon il will be a strnsro,s
Ior very existence. Already there a.
1 ans signs that their hats are i'm III
o"pynght. 1912 by Curtis Brown
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-31

w AN L ~ rtNt you
a picture of the
great work going on
at Gatun. Here is
the mighty dam
which now holds
back the Chagres.
making a reservoir
seven times as
great as that OF
the Nile above the
dam at Assouan.
Here are the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-31
ktltantic End OF Uncle Sans Great Waterway

THE Channel to Gatun
i Almost Completed-How
the Dredging Is Done-The
Wonders of the DANA
Roller-Coaster Ride Through
the Locks and Across the
Dam in Motor Car-Queer
Features of Construction
What Gel. Sibert Says About
the Engineering Problems
The Canal Sure for Next Year
as Far as This Part Is Con-
cerned-Graphic Description
of the Locks and Gates, Etc.
copyright, 1912. 10y Frank G. Carpenter.)
Special Correspondence OF The Star.
GATUN, Canal Zone. Panama.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-31

1t. signs make il
evident that Eng
land has entered
upon a year of I'M
precedented indus
trial strife. The
stupendous coal
strike Is but the
introduction TO a
series of trade dis
putes that threat
ems I'm gland with
black ruin. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-31

Very nearly 1.001Nl0 days were lost by
the textile workers by strike N the cot
ton mills of Lancashire and Cheshire
What did the workers gain by the sacri-
fee of almost 100000 WORKING days,
causing a loss of at least $z5.9000O in
wages? Did they win or lose the ma tority
OF their disputes? The returns OF the
labor department OF the board of trade
show that in disputes arising out of de-
mands for increased wages only 10 per
cent of the workers obtained complete
success. 1t is significant, however, OF the
new factor of government Cancellation
that compromises by which the workers
secured some advance We're arranged by
"A per cent of the strikers. The re-
naming Ii per cent failed utterly in their
efforts.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-31

This unprecedented success on the part
of the strikers is undoubtedly due to the
growth of the sympathetic strike and of
what is known in the United States as in
dustriai unionisn. and in France as SYM
dicalisn. The strikes of the past year
have been organized on such vast and
complete scales that they have practically
compelled a settlement as an alternative
to national ruin And in the opening
stages OF this great conflict il has been
the employers who have yielded and re-
treated step by step. Rapidly. however,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-31

was won by the men. The National Fed
Grafton of Woman Workers of Great Brit
ain estimate that the net result to each
striking woman during the year was an
increase If from 30 to 40 per cent in
wages. IN some districts, such as Not
ungnam and Gradley Heath. there has
been an increase of no less than a. per
cent. Although the men have not Jared
as well, transport workers, railway men,
lockers, seamen. miners and cotton work
erS have all either won outright or. SUBJ
mitted to arbitration. which won them or
viii win them generous measures of vic
tory.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-31

gate number of days lost is more than
three times the average of the nine pre-
vious years.
Naturally, of the 531 disputes Of the
year the greater number were OF short
duration. But while those that lasted
less than two months each formed 81 per
cent of the whole, they accounted for less
than 43 per cent of the total number of
people. Upward CT $4,000 people were
engaged in strikes that lasted more than
ten weeks and less than fifteen weeks
that lasted from fifteen to twenty weeks.
while 1853 were engaged in disputes
that lasted more than twenty-five weeks.
lf YOU viii have a clear idea of how
serious industrial matters were in Eng
land at that time. and are at present,
one must allow a depression for a few
moments. The writer does not hest
tate to say that the total number Of
working DAYS lost during the year 1910
would have been 10000 900 and might
easily have been more had il not been
for the policy of the government and its
active Interference in the ouarrels be
tween employers and employees. 1t was
Lloyd George who as president of the
ped in between the two combatants and
acted as arbitrator bringing to bear
upon both the full power OF the govern
ment and threatening active Intervention
in case OF n too serious dislocatiOn OF
trade. His policy has been continued
although with less authority at his back
by Sir George Askwith, chairman of the
industrial council. who. arbitrator and
government mOuthpiece. has settled the
maj ority Of the great strikes of the past
two years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-31

workers are flushed with recent victories,
and excited by small army of agita-
tors-and millions of them live on wages
hardly sufficient TO meet the bare neces-
sites of subsistence. They are in the
mood for a supreme test with employers
The latter. aroused by dwindling profits.
due largely 10 the increased demands of
the laborers, angered by the unwilling
ness of their employees to stick by the
most solemn agreements, and Sick to-
death of the constant stoFpages that
threaten the very existence of their en-
terprises. are just eager for the clash.
The only agency that stands in the way
IS the government. How long Asquith.
Lloyd George and the greatest OF pres
ent-day industrial peacemakers. Sir
George AsSwith. will be able to post
pore the inevitable conflict depends en-
tirely upon how far they are willing to go
in their socalistic legislation
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-31

In disputes arising over hours of labor
the vast majority of tife strikers weT',
concerned in one dispute in which there
was a compromise. In disputes over the
question of trade unionsm more than 80
per cent of the striking work people We're
successful.
Taking the demands of the lahoring
class as whole we find that little more
than 16 per cent Of the people We're COM
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-31

way reached the staggering total of
9, so, Sfi. The number of workpeople in
volved was the highest recorded in any
single year since 1875. the year of the
great dispute in the coal-mining indus
try of Yorkshire, Lancashire. the Mid
lands and North Wales. The aggre-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-31

we iaboring class has been leading
;.J = The coming revolution as surely Snd
as logically as 1t is possible for millions
OF workers. scattered over the whole
country and with but insufficient means
of concerted thinking and acting. To do.
The year 1910 one of industrial
strife such England had not seen for
decade; the year 1911 was one of indus
trial chaos, in many ways unparalleled
in the whole history Of the country, and
the present year is ushered in by strike,
hieh has all the earmarks of the most
serious single conflict that has ever
bHgbted the trade of Great Britain, and
which would. if continued. bring down
on the inhabitants of the country a ruin
such as war would scarcely be likely to
cause
To realize the significance OF these
large >->>--S - has but 10 look at
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-31

At the same time the socia,istic tenden-
cies of the government made them more
ready than.in previous years TO inter
fere between capital and labor. Further
more the Asquth government has been
just as dependent upon the support of the
labor members in the house of commons
as 1t has been upon that of Redmond
and his nationalist followers, and one of
It's efforts TO curry favor with the labor
ties has taken the form of attempting to
prevent strife and consequent suffering
among the working class.
SO il is that these facts must be taken
INTO consideration in comparing the con-
iitions Of the past two years with pre-
ure working toward industrial peace, yet.
despite that fact. we are in the midst of
unparalleled strife.
In 1910 the class of labor which was
chiefly responsible for the strikes was
made up of miners and Quarrymen, the
same men who are concerned in the great
coal strike OF the present year They
are amons; the best paid manual labor in
the country, their unions are we'll supplied
with funds. they are closely welded to-
sether and personally they are rough
hard-headed and independent. OF the
total number of working days lost during
the year these men accounted for almost
80 per cent or about 5,J00,000. These
pute of fourteen years ago in the south
Wales coal fields. northumberland Dur
ham and south Wales were the centers
of the trouble.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-31

In the same year the metal, engineer
ing and shipbuilding trades record 3,147,-
lJ7 days lost by strikes. In one dispute
alone. that in the shipbuilding industry
in the north of England and in Scotland
almost 100000 working days were lost.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-31

Special Correspondence OF The Star.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-31

LONDON. March p. 1912.
Washington Journal., 1912-11-23
apnarrt i'm sanner6nnb.

0as aor3ert I'M SGngerbnno am
lebten Sountag nabm Sen getpobntetl
gIdn3enoen Gerlaut un0 nenn man
ales @ebotcne nit einem @orte 8en-
iieren miiBte. 10 f0nnte man MIR ia.
gen. O%ortreffIid). Die Mftipen bradl-
ten Die beioen Gbore: Ser GiniieO-
Ter al Ole Goft" pom 3. 81. alein.
un0 Dg8em ale 9riinnlein flieBen@
BON q. 9aloomis iebr iA0n 5u @e-
Dor. SttoHntion 4usoruf ua0 Atii=
ancierlntg gelaugen portrefflih. 5ralt
Nellie O'6ore @ouoro, Ole ole stueite
Drummer lingen iolte, bate leioer
pcgeil @rtdltlng abiagen miiiien. An
ibrer Stele lang SEER Com u. Nltr=
rap IN iebr fGbiqer @ciie Gin Con-
Don &oter Cornelius 1tno nGs mar elm
Sraum" bon 2elien. 0atiirli1 mltB-
te er 5iigeben mo iang ais 8eign-
be IS mant tpbot. s natt tpben, S
Dailt it, bon gictor Serbert, mo
ieine prddtige @aritoneItimme fam
70 febr sur @eItiing, Dab err Die gam
&c 8eigabe m%ieoerboleu muBte. 0er
@ortrog oeS @nibingtoner Concert
2uortetts, beiteben0 aus Sroit no
bert 5ott. Sopran. 5rau gitber
@umpreft, G%ontrdlto, Serrn So
iepb @ittemore, Senor tno Serrn
86omas 0tlrrop, 8aB, tpltroe Iebr
gut altf9euommcn. 9as Qitartett
1anQ inter peri0nlifer 2eitunq 8ro-
feiiors @rrnano @umpredt, Der Die
2ieoer ipe3ieG fir oieies 0itortett
orrongiert batte. @ls 8eigabe iong
oaiieIbe Salt Hoie Of Summer.
Sri. Glarine WtcGurtlD erntete gro
ben 8eifqn nit ibrem @ianoiolo:
u@aIie De Concert, 0p. 3" BON S.
8ieniaiDsfi uno 5eigte berporragen-
De 8ehnit uno bor5iigli1e SSnterpre-
totion. glls 3iigabe ipielte tie Ser
tette from 2ucia~ NIT Der linfen
@ono oueilt, ulo tat oieier id)0nen
&%onlpolttton poue 8eredtlgfeit. 81
ia's Sraum~ aus 2obengrim, BON
@aener pur0e bon SRI. Sbeebp
prddtig gum @ortrag ge6ratt ilno
9eigabe o5m @erbit~ BON 81.
OerfebIte nift ibre @irfung
ouf Die 3ub0rer. 9os 3uett uSe-
renooe~ fir Sl6te uno fron30iiides
bon S. Gitt'L porgetrogen BON
ben Serreu GeIfo ull0 Minuid mad
te einen 10 mddtigen @inoritd, Dab
Ole &iinItler ouf aagemeines @erlan-
gen oaiielbe pieoerbolteu. Nltd oas
Barton Solo oes Serrn u. z. Sam-
mer oEbree for Sad bon SO. $.
Itano an Site Sen on0eren
0arbietungen nidt nod, uno mtb
9err 9ammer muBte cine 3ugobe ge-
ben. Gum S6lllB fang Der Gbor
oes S1ngerbunoes n0eitihesS dlad-
tenlieo4 BON anrl Gobrbed. 0ieles
Iebr idDere 2ieo nurOe iebr floH ge-
mo fam iebr gut gum Nus
Nir Die0erbolen: GortrcfflidD.
Washington Journal., 1912-11-23
Nrium @aa!!
NDHtas AbenO in @atiOnaI &ifles
NrmOrg.
WrOker gaa!.

Die Neutrality-suspicious. 40, 100
uno 40 bielten gemeiniam am leBten
Montag einen 8aa i'm Ol0 Mofonic
8emple ab. Die &omites botten gut
eearbeitct unO 10 berri6te pom BORN
berein Die rehte Stimnrung. 9onge-
meile fam nidt ouf, es pltroe flott
getan8t ltno Der 8eiu6 mar iebr gut.
Au6 I'M N%eben8immer ging es bod
Der. Speiie uno Srapf, b~elonOers
lebterer, fono pilige gbnebmer. 9ie
&omites paren: @rrangementsfomi-
te, &ouis Bauer, @oriiber, 81. 4rieg.
8m. Sannemann 81. 2er9, Mi6.
9ieB, 6. Spabn S. Meininger
San5=aomite, s. 8ertram, 8. SO.
Sornung 9. Sebaition 8. @reoIein,
S. 8euerlein, 6. @ieoer. Damen-
9omite, 6rau S. g.. Spoings, Srau
20. 9ebmer, 6rau ~. Sobotfa, 6rau
%. Sdiib, Srou 6. SammeI, 8rall
u. 2er6.
Washington Journal., 1912-11-23

unteroen@ d It e n sur Snali-
duration miro aud Der Sobofen 8eit
Club erIHeiner, inter oenen Der dlte-
tie uno flotteIte &eiter. Or. &oeBler,
lit. 0ieier lit bieIen @oibingtonern
befonnt; er lit Der gertreter Der
Gutter Diitributing 60, weI6e bier
i'm Often Die @ei1dfte Der Gutter
Some @ine ulo 0eitiaing SO. BON
ct. Seleno, Sal. bctreibt. Or.
&oeBler rift aud in Der Steilben-Ea-
ra0e nit.
Washington Journal., 1912-11-23
siOtii6e &eni8feitcn.
samftaa, Den %. GOpcmbcr 1912.

az Die beutiee hummer oes Sour.
nails sebt db an 500 ueue QOreheu
pom bieiieen Deutiden, peIhe nit
ero6er 2lldbe e%eidmmcIt poroeu
fno. uir bitten iolhe, Gas Journal
eeuau gu Ieleu iorpie ole spsi ahfol.
seu6en Nunlmern [alle 5 iino 6rei-
nummeru uno lollte man Damn nidt
oeneiot Ieiu gu abonuiereu, 10 erbit.
fen mir uus uahriht, auoerufalls
erlaubeu mir uns, oie 5eituu9 till.
fbweieen6 peiter Su idideu Se9eu
sic iiblihe misunderstanding.
Washington Journal., 1912-11-23
Sismurf : SGringc
81 baden bel
9Il6ert "copper", Isl Grntcr 0lnrfet4

Gin " Ii It e D # E II Oeranltal-
tete Der @entl6 Amerifonii6e I'm
teritiibungsbnnO am porigen Conn
tag auf 9tic. 9llttb's 2anoiib. 8eiud)
gut, auiteru gut, &onal 8ilien gut
mo aud Oie Muiif NOR gut, ioOaB
li1 ieOer, beionoers Die 0amen, gut
amiiiierten. 0os &onlite beltano
aus; Stepban 6ronf, NoriiBer, 6.
5pabn, 8. Dieb, SEQ. Maper, S.
aGein. 8eim aegeIn muBten iid in
ben erlten -uno 5peiten Hreis teilen
@m. 3anoer uno Ybilipp0it tes mel
DIE beioe gleih out Itanoen. Den 3.
Breis erfegelte u. 2ueder.