davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1912-12-09
4 WORD on THE BEEF STEER
More Care Needed in the Selection OF
Feeders.

Cattle feeding in the past has been
hazardous business. Men have
'rOwn wealthy at it and men have
gone broke" at it. We must be
more careful in the selection of
feeders"
The broad, blocky low-down kind
are the best-those with large, roomy
middIes and plenty of constitution. 1t
is true that they consume large guam
titles of feed. but they turn it into
high-priced cuts OF juicy steak.
We waste nearly as much good feed
as we save Take our corn crop. for
instance. Millions Of tons of the best
cattle feed are lost every year in the
stalks which are destroyed. However.
the silo is coming to the rescue and
what was once total loss will be
turned into feed for the people and
wealth for the farmer.
The beef steer will always hold an
important place on the farms of the
Mississippi Valley. In the future,
with our better system of farming and
feed conservation, we will produce
high quality beef far cheaper than
heretofore. This means more profit
to the feeder and cheaper food for
the consumer.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1912-12-09
WEDNESDAY, AND A WOMAN.

OF course we residents of Columbia
wish good entertainments brought to
town. We wish Columbia to have the
best. That's one reason Gadski will
have record-breaking audience
Wednesday night If she does not
have such an audience there will be
no more encouragement for the bring
ing of singers of the Gadski type to
Columbia. And we residents of Col
umbia wish our town to be taken out
of the rag-time clase and kept out.
And we will hear Gadski because
when she has come and gone we will
be sorry personally if we did not do
so.
There's reason-and there are
others.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1912-12-09
WATCH FOR MICE AND RABBITS
How the Orchard Can Be Protected
From Winter Pests.

Orchards have winter as well as
summer pests. Rabbits and mice are
two of the worst.
The young orchard is especially lia-
BILE to be attacked by rabbits, as the
bark is tender and readily eaten. Some
nurserymen report losses of from 20
to 80 per cent of their stock in a sim
gle winter. This large loss is due
largely to lack of attention.
Rabbits attack the trees from s to
16 inches above the ground, some
times girdling the trees. AS a pre-
ventive. all the old fence rows and
brush piles should be cleared away
SO that there will be no hiding places.
After this, if the injury warrants it,
the trees should be protected by wire
netting or some kind of wash.
The wire net is used successfully,
but care should be taken to pile dirt
around the bottom to prevent crawl
ing under. 1t should be high enough
to come above the deepest SHOWS.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1912-12-09

One objection to the netting is that
it catches rubbish and makes a hid
ing place for insects.
Again, the trees may be wrapped
with corn stalks or paper with good
results. If tarred paper is used it
should be removed early in the spring
to prevent bark injury. Washes are
used and have given satisfaction. but
probably are not so generally en-
ployed as the other methods.
Mice attack the trees in the same
way, but lower on the trunk, some
times below the surface of the
ground. The work of the mice can
be easily distinguished from that of
rabbit, as the scars made by the teeth
are smaller. Mice are most trouble.
some when the orchard is in sod. In
this case the grass or litter should
be removed or tramped down under
the tree, so no place for a nest will
be left.
Tramping snow about the trunk is
one of the best methods of dealing
with mice. Also the same methods
can be used as with rabbits, but OF
course the netting must have a
smaller mesh.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1912-12-09
TREES FOR THE FARM HOME
Cnskaded Site Can BE Beautified With
Quick. Growing Species.

What is home without trees
Such home sends forth no idea of
good cheer or beauty. You feel sorry
for it's occupants when you think of
the winter winds and the summer
heat they are exposed to.
In the cornbelt it is sometimes
necessary to build where there is no
shade. In such cases it is best to
first plant quickly growing trees.
Silver leaf poplar is one of the pref
tiest trees. 1t grows fast and is SYM
metrical The maple is often broken
by sleet and storm. but its quick
growth and many leaves soon hide
the injury. The ash, walnut and elm
grow slowly, but they make the best
shade trees and should be planted in
time to replace the shorter lived
sorts. Evergreens add charm to a
home in winter. but one great draw
back is that they harbor orchard di-
seaseS.
Nowadays the thoughtful are select
ing home-sites that are already shad-
ed. but there is always room for a few
more trees.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1912-12-09
PRUNING THE PEACH TREE
Treatment Should BE Given Nursery
Stock Before Planting.

Many think that peach trees fe-
ceived from the nursery are in condi-
ton to plant without pruning This
is an erroneous idea and must be cor
rected before best results can be OBJ
tanned
Usually the pruning for planting is
the most severe. The trees are cut
back to from "a to 80 inches, while
the side shoots need not be left over s
inches. A better growth will be OBJ
tanned when four or five spurs. we'll
distributed about the stem, are left.
They should be high enough for u
disc harrow or other orchard cultiva-
tor to pass under or course pruning
at this time depends largely upon the
size and nature of the tree. The fig
ures given here are for the normal
tree, which should be from 1-2 to
feet high.
There are two methods of pruning
the open head and the round head.
The former offers advantages and 10
more commonly practiced.
In the open head the aim should be
to prune so that an open funnel
shaped head will be formed Prun-
ing for planting should be done with
this idea in view. If the tree has
been given proper space in the nurs-
cry this is easily done. as the limbs
are strong and make a well balanced
top.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1912-12-09
Poultry Prizes to Boone County.

Members of the Boone County
Poultry Association took good share
of the premiums at the Central Mis-
souri, Poultry Show held in Centralia
last week. r. l.. Hill exhibited the
first prize White Rock cockerel. J.
E. Bedford showed Black Langshans
and F. G. Prather Single Comb Rhode
Island Reds. Miss Elizabeth Hodge
took several premiums on Rose Comb
Reds and Mrs. w. T. Anderson on
Single Comb Reds. About 800 birds
were shown.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1912-12-09
RIVER IMPROVEMENT.

Big appropriations for the Mis-
souri, and Mississippi Rivers" was the
slogan of the Missouri delegation at
tending the National Rivers and Har-
bors Congress in Washington. The
Kansas City and st. Louis people are
especially desirous of seeing the Mis-
souri, River improved between those
two points so river-boat line can be
established. The farmers cultivating
the fertile bottom lands, too. want the
channel deepened in order to lessen
the number of disastrous floods.
Just now some improvements are
being made along the river in the
form of dikes and rip-rap work. This
plan is only a waste of money, for
to improve small stretches here and
there will not prevent floods or
deepen the channel Again. beacon
lights were put along the river bank
to guide the steamboat pilots and thus
encourage night travel on the river
This is decidedly a good thing, but
it is hardly needed until the channel
of the river is made deeper.
Government aid is needed. And it
seems as if this aid is not far off.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1912-12-09
WINTER TINE on THE FARM
This Is the Season for Study and
Making Needed Repairs.

Winter is the farmers recuperative
period. 1t gives time for study and
for outlining the coming years work.
In the summer the farmer is kept
busy carrying out the work planned
the previous winter; he even has
work for the rainy day and does well
to get a few minutes with his farm
paper.
In the long winter evenings little,
if anything. can be done in the fields
and the time can be spent in reading
and study that will enable him to
carry on the farm operations more
efficiently. After the plans are made,
the next thing is to see that every
thing is in readiness before the COM
ing of spring.
Is the machinery in good condition?
If not, time can profitably be spent
in the repair shcp. When the ma
chinery is run under the shed in the
fall it should be examined carefully,
and a note made of the repairs need
ed Time will be saved if a tag is
put on the piece needing repairs, so
it can be found readily.
Again, as the machinery is gone
over it should he oiled well to pro-
tect it from rust. The life of the ma
will not only be heightened
but it will be much easier to manipu-
late when next wanted.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1912-12-09

More than 423 monthly sem-monhy weekly daily
devoted agriculture published
they
Most them have ideas
editing them Every agricultural
nal circulating almost exclusively within bounds
the journals
frabe the while
the world
shall country weekies
who will devote attention agricultural
doing admirable
this inviting by-feld-De Witt c.
Chicago.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1912-12-09
RECORD Of
FARM W|FE'S WORK
College of Agriculture to
Compare Her Lot With
That of City Sister.

How much manual labor does the
farm wife do? What are her work.
ing hours as compared with those
of the city wife? These are ques-
tions that the farm management de-
partment of the College of Agricul-
ture, University of Missouri, proposes
to answer by a system of farm home
records. The earnings of the farmer
and his expenses as compared with
those of the city man will also be
Investigated.
o. r. Johnson has charge of the
work. Mr.. Johnson intends to follow,
in a general way, the plan that was
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1912-12-09
His Sermon in German.

Prof. William II. T. Dau conducted
Luthern services in the Y. NJ. c. A.
Auditorium at 7:3O o'clock last night.
Professor Dau's address on Right
eousness" was spoken in German. The
next esrvices will be conducted the
second Sunday in January, the morn
ing address to be delivered in English
and the evening address in German.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1912-12-09

In placing Columbia in the list of
Gadski-towns every citizen who is
really interested in promoting a
Greater Columbia should have a part.
The list of buyers of tickets will be a
genuine civic roll of honor, not mere
" music roll.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1912-12-09
SOIL |NOCULAT|ON
To RAISE ALFALFA
Bacteria Must Be Present to
Supply Nitrogen to
the Plant.

A few pounds of soil from an old
alfalfa field and scattered over the
surface of the ground will often make
poor. sickly-looking alfalfa field
look green and become thrifty. This
is because the ground has been inoc-
ulated with bacteria which are able
to take free nitrogen from the air and
supply it to the alfalfa plant. These
bacteria have to be present for the
successful growing of alfalfa.
On the average Missouri upland
where alfalfa has never been grown.
these bacteria are not present and
the soil has to be inoculated-that is.
There are several methods of doing
this inoculating. but the surest way
is by scattering on the ground some
of the soil dug from an old alfalfa
field. About 100 pounds to the acre
is the right amount to put on.
Soil should BE Dried.
The best way to get this soil scat
tered over the ground is to dry it,
then drill or scatter it by hand on
some cloudy day and harrow in.
While the soil is drying, it must be
away from the direct effect of sun
light. If sunlight strikes it a great
many of the bacteria are killed. The
floor of an old barn is very good
place to dry the soil. After it is dry
it may be placed in sacks for con-
eenience in handling.
Another method of inoculating is
by means of artificial cultures of al
falfa bacteria. These cultures are
preparations containing myriads of
the bacteria grown from bacteria
taken from the alfalfa root nodules.
This preparation is usually diluted
with water and the solution sprink-
led over the seed until they are mois-
tened; then they are dried in a shady
place and are ready for sowing. Only
fair success has been secured from
this method of inoculation, SO in gen.
eral it is best to use the SOIL How
ever, where the soil is not available,
this method may be used with some
degree of success.
Sweet Clover Bacteria.
On the uplands where sweet clover
ic to
inoculate The bacteria of sweet
clover are the same as those of al
falfa. Sweet clover grows along the
roadside and railroad right of ways
in almost every part of Missouri.
When using soil from sweet clover
fields, from 800 to 1000 pounds of
soil per acre is required for inocula-
tion. depending on the manner of ap-
plication. When scattered by a SHOW
el the larger amount should be used.
but when scattered with an endgate
seeder or other machine. 300 pounds
is enough. For convenience in hand
ling it should be dried in subdued
light.
Usually in the bottom lands in Mis-
souri,. the alfalfa bacteria are present
in sufficient quantities to make inocu
latiOn unnecessary, but in expert
ments carried on by the Experiment
Station on the upland. 62 per cent of
the trials have indicated the advisa
bility of inoculation.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1912-12-09
DIG PIT TO KEEP
APPLES IN WINTER
At Small Cost You Can Pre-
serve Flavor That Old
Timers Talk About.

A cold apple with a firm, smooth
skin and high juicy flavor, tastes
much better than an apple with a soft
shriveled skin and poor meat. One
often hears old people say that the
apples on the farm today do not taste
like the apples when they were young.
Imagination may have something to
do with this, but there is an element
of truth in it.
Nowadays on most farms the an
Piles are stored in the cellar" or any,
where to keep them from freezing.
In most cellars" they soon begin to
shrivel and decay. II these apples
were buried in pit, as the old peo-
pie used to bury them, they would
taste better. Almost anyone who has
tasted an apple from temporary stor-
age pit in the winter time will testi-
fly to this. They seem to have taste
that is better than when first taken
Off the tree
How to Make the Pit.
A pit for the storage of apples is
easy to make. and the apples can be
stored with little cost and labor 1t
may be dug in circular or a rectan-
glular form. The commonest is a cir
cular excavation from 6 inches to a
foot deep and from to feet across.
The apples, or any kind of vegetables
or fruit to be stored, are then to be
piled in the pit in the shape of a
cone.
Straw or hay or almost any kind
of dry litter is thrown over the pile
to protect it from the early frosts
AS winter approaches, an inch or two
of dirt is thrown on this straw. and
finally when winter threatens to close
in, the pile is covered deep enough to
give protection. The straw under the
earth should be from to inches
thick when pressed down. Ten to
IL inches of dirt is sufficient covering
over tnlS straw.
Provide for Drainage.
Sometimes when the winters are
very severe it is necessary to cover
the dirt with foot or two of horse
manure. A board covering over the
earth to drain off the water is usually
necessary. 1t is we'll to choose warm
and well-drained soil.
For the apples to keep we'll, it is
essential that only a very thin cover
ing be made at first and more cover
ing added as cold weather comes on.
If the full amount of covering is put
on at first the apples are likely to
heat and decay will set in.
In the storage of almost any fruit
and vegetable product three essential
features should be borne in mind:
protection against freezing, temper
ature SO low that the activities of the
plant may not be melted and that the
growth of fungi may be discouraged,
and proper protection against exces-
sive moisture.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1912-12-09

Strive to stop the leaks on the
farm. Silos should be built. machin-
cry taken care of properly. crops har-
vested at the proper time and stored
in the right manner Stop the waste
of fertility. and don't burn the corn
stalks and straw stacks.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1912-12-09
The Saddle Horse.

This is one animal that will never
be supplanted by a machine - the
American saddle horse, most beauti-
full and lovable animal in the world.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1912-12-09

adopted last spring, but he does not
expect to have labor statistics from
the farm wife during the first year.
He will lead gradually up to that by
obtaining records of farmers living
expenses.
The farmer, according to Mr.. John
son. receives a much larger salary
than he himself will admit. The
farmer, he says, is accustomed to re-
gard all the produce used on his table
as expense. Mr.. Johnson proposes to
compare the farmers living expenses
with those of the city man. When
the farmer has had due compensation
for producing the meat. butter. milk,
eggs, poultry. vegetables and all other
produce he uses, the profits from this
produce should be added to his net
earnings. In short, only the cost of
production should be regarded as ex-
pense
At the Farm Table.
The farmer gets his living prac-
tically free" said Mr.. Johnson. 81
have sat at tables in the country
where the meals, if duplicated in the
city. would cost at least $1,000 a year.
"The meats. vegetables, dairy and
poultry products aid fruits are used
without making any record of them;
or if record is kept, they are re-
garded as expense. The living ex-
penses of the salary Garner in the
city come from the mans salary
That is clearly expense. The farmers
living expenses do not come from his
apart from them. nor does he credit
any part of them to his salary. be-
cause the produce he uses does not
represent cash.
1T is plain to every one that the
living expenses of the farmer are not
as great as those Of city people, 1t
is the difference of these expenses
that wish to add to the farmers sal
airy. To determine just how much
should be added to his net gain will
be my first concern"
Records Must BE Simple.
The records that were started last
spring were too complex Mr.. Johnson
believes. The farm wives were asked
to keep account of their daily labor
and in addition to keep account of the
household and living expenses. The
average farm wife. he SAYS, has not
time to keep detailed account of
her work. After a years recording
household expenses she will gain an
idea of the work and will be able to
keep record of her work more cas-
lily 1t is then that Mr.. Johnson in
tends to begin compiling statistics of
the farm wife's work.
Most country women do large
part of the work that nationally be-
longs to their husbands. They run
the home dairy, take care of the
chickens, work the garden, and in
many cases care for the hogs. Farm
home record work was established to
find out just how much of this work
the women really do. 1t will also
show how much the work done by
the city woman is lessened by con-
yeniences in the home.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1912-03-24
BIG TOURNAMENT
ENDS In CHICAGO
New York, Louisville, and Roches.
ter Divide Honors at American
Bowling Congress.

Chicago. March 23.-Chicagos bowling
tournament. the twelfth in the history
Iof the American Bowling Congress,
came to an end in Dexter Park pavilion
tonight with Chicago counted out of the
championships for the first time in the
history of the game. Greater New York
cleaned up the five-man event with their
Brunswick all-star club, which ran
down a count OF 1904. the fourth highest
on the congress books. Louisville and
Rochester divided the other honors,
Larry Sutton taking the individual title
back to Rochester for the second. time,
his score of 679 enabling him TO become
the first man to repeat in the singles
event.
Louisville carried of the leadership in
the doubles when Nelson Owen and Phil
Sutton secured 1.259 for the two-man
championship. while Phil Sutton ran
away with the all-evenls with his lS43.
Only one worlds record was posted in
the tournament. Louis Nielstich. Of Kan
sas City, shooting 80. and beating the
former record by one pin. Otto kalusch
shot 80 in the y. b. \. tournament in
the East year ago. but his mark is
not recognized by the West.
owen and Sutton. Of Louisville, drag
down $425 for winning the doubles. Phil
Sutton draws $50 for winning the all
events. Larry Suttons prize for winning
the single event is 500.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1912-03-24
MACK'S PITCHING STAFF is
LIABLE TO GO TO PIECES

Men York. March 23-whiIe it seems
: generally conceded that the Athletics
will again win the American League PEN
nant next year, attention is called TO
the fate of the Chicago Cubs. and. going
still further hack, {, that of the Boston
Red SoX. each of whom had prospects
just as bright as those OF the Athletics
to-day.
Back in 1904 the Red Sox had won their
second championship, and accomplished
the feat so easily that it did not look
possible for anything else in the league
even TO come close to them. But the
grand old team that Jimmy Collins had
at the Hub simply went to pieces and
finished fifth. los points behind the Ath-
lrtics. who had been in fifth position the
previous year.
In Boston'S case. il was a matter
of the infieId and outfield disntegratins.
The pitchers held up fairly well, but the
players behind the hurlers failed to de-
liver the goods, most OF them being vet
Grams who had seen their best days.
more recent example is that Of the
Cubs. After winning the National League
pennant in 1906. 1907. and 1903 and the
worlds championship in the last two
years, it did not look as if there was any
thing in the country that could beat the
grand machine built up by Frank Chance.
In the post-season series of 1905 they
made the Detroit Tigers look like anna
tours, and the Detroit team was some
club at that. Brown. Reulbach. Over
all, Pfester, and Frazer composed a
wonderful pitching staff. King was con-
ccded to be the best catcher in the land
while the infield was touted as the brain
lest ever assembled.
Then came the explosion. Killing re-
fused to play in 1909 and the Cubs lost
the pennant to Pittsburg. They came
back in 1910 and won out, but the erst-
while grand pitching staff was grand no
longer. 1t wabbIed throughout the Ma
tional League race but the work on the
mound by King Cole pulled them through
They met the Athletics and were hum
Sled.
What has happene- in Boston and Chi
CagO may happen in Philadelphia. Ben
der and Plank cannot go on forever.
They pitched great ball all year, and
especially in the worlds series. So did
Brown and Reulbach and Overall in the
fall Of 1905. When a pitcher goes back
he goes back suddenly.
Aside from his pitching staff, Mack has
no cause for worry. His inficld is COM
posed of youngsters who should improve.
His outfield has seen considerable ex-
perience, but not one has shown any
signs of retrogression. His catching staff
will be even stronger, as Lapp is COM
ing fast, and Ecan, the man bought from
Baltimore, is said TO be an even better |
man.