The sun., 1912-07-14

! insignificant members os the royal snite
There tongues were given for fa!sehood.
eyes for guessing the expression al the
! face. cars for cavesdropr!nG, foct Tor
blocking others and causing them To
stumble.
Such men as Prince Paul Do!eorukov.
A. A. Mukhanov and Saburov. known
as honest. devoted monarchists. were
forced 70 resign their rosts And their
places were filed by the Walls. the Klei-
gels and the Trepovs.
Tho Trepov family was represented
by all the sons OF the former project OF
st. Petersburg. Gen. Trepov. whom
Vera Zasulch attempted to assassnats
All his sons made splendid cnreers. not
withstanding their limited abilities; but
Dmitry Trepov. handsome officer OF
the Guards. wGs the most successful OF
tho brothers. While still an officer he
showed inclinations for police service
When he was appointed chief OF police
| OF Moscow his star began to rise rapidly.
Trepov became the bosom friend OF
Grand Duke Sercius and OF the Duchess.
1t was Trepov who organized tho crusade
against the Jews of Moscow. and at tho
same t-'r he organized tho charitable
institutions in wr.-h the Grand Duchess
Elizaveta Feodororna 0ls interested.
His influence kept growing and within
! short time all the progressive elements
found themselves moro oppressed than
ever before by this uneducated and sus-
picious man. This won for him the favor
| of the Gar. to whom he was warmly
! recommended by Grand Duke Sergius.
After the tcrroristic act directed against
him ny the revolutionists he left Moscow
and came to 81. Petersburg.
Before this Plehve. disappointed in hi,
hopes centred upon Saint Seraphir,. and
not vet confident that the affairs in tho
far East would eliminate in a war with
japan. turned to the traditional means Of
rejuvenatinG patriotism and the autoc-
racv: he commenced his pogrom po!icv.
tho policy of massacres. In 1903 tho
KishineG and Ho:npl masslcres tooi
place.
Although the Same circumstance caused
both massncres, circumst ances which had
absolutely no connection with the Jewish
question. tho general attention wiS
directed chiefly II the Eishinef massacre
The reason for this was tina. le:tar
written hy Plehve 10 Gov. Raaben OF
Pcssarabia was published. plainly showing
Plehve as the initiator and organizer OF
the massacre in which hundreds of Jewish
families lost their lives.
The technical side of the massacrcs is
so well known now that it is not necessary
to describe t here
When the London Times published tho
text OF Plehves letter to Gov. Raabc1
the notorious maker OF pcgroms was
enraged. Gov. Raabcn was Immediately
removed ~ Von Plehve, Not KIN OWN,
that the 81 OF ,rsburg correspondent
OF the London Times had absolutely
nothing TO do with the publication OF the
letter. Plehve ordered the correspondent
to be Immediately expelled from Russia.
Pehve manufactured an answer and
appointed Prince Urusov as Governor OF
Bessarabia.
The Car was visiting his brother-in-
law at tho time of the massacre, and 1t
was in the home of the Czaritsa's brother
that he saw the letter OF Plehve in the
London Times. At that timo Nicholas
was not yet convinced that only bloodshed
could preserve and strengthen the reign
OF absolutism in Russia. and he was dis
satisGed and angered. Some time later.
when little Princess Irene. the daughter
OF the Grand Duke. who was visiting the
Car. died in the Russian palace. with all
symptoms Of poisoning. 1t was believed
at the palace thlt it was Plehve's revenge
directed against lrene's father. who had
called the Cars attention to the letter.
To show that he had had no hand In the
Kishinef massacre Won Plehve allowed
another massa ere to take place In Homel
, in August Of the same year.
Toward the end Of 1908 It became evil
, dent that a war with Japan was inevitable.
and preparations were now made openly.
At the New Years reception. at which
: most Of the diplomats were present.
Nicholas told the Japanese Ambassador
quite harshly that Russia was great and
powerful and that he would not advise
Japan to start war.
Tho outward calm which seemed TO
exist in Russia ON the eve OF the var
!, deceived the Russian people. and (his
: helped Bezobrazov. Abaza and Nicholas
> to conduct the foreign policies OF Ruhsia
. without tho knowledge OF tho diplomatic
; at the head OF the Government. There
> was a lively exchange OF kilograms bc-
= tween the Car and his Viceroy Alexeyov,
which showed that Nicholas was pro-
voking a conflict with Japan. for II seemed
to him quite an easy matter to defeat
1 Japan II tho Car was deceived by his
y advisers during that period he was also
deccving his own Ministers and coun-
sa..J,s.
4 e-