davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29
SENSATION
Promised by Wickersham in Suit
Against Road for Sl5,0OO,-
600 in Oil Lands.

WASHINGTON, d. C.. May 2s.-
In n public statement Attorney Gen
eral Wickersham to-day declared
that the governments suit against
the South Pacific companies for the
recovery OF the valuable oil lands in
Southern California has developed
sensational and startling disclos.
ufes."
Testimony by witnesses subpoe-
naed by the government" he says,
presents a remarkable picture OF
criminal conspiracy among high OH.
cials OF the Southern Pacific compa.
MES TO acquire from the United
States under an agricultural grant oil
lands valued at $4,000 900"
The proceedings were instituted by
direction OF Mr.. wickersham in De.
cember. 1910, to set aside patents and
revest in the government title "a
5000 acres OF valuable oil bearing
lands in the Elk Hills country OF the
McKittrisk oil district, Kern county
Calf.
The original granting act, the At.
torney Generals statement says, ex.
cluded all mineral lands. the intention
OF Congress being TO grant only agri.
cultural lands, reserving the mineral
lands 10 the United States for all
time
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29
WOODS NOMINATED
In Eighteenth Judicial District
BY the Democrats For
Judgeship.

Special Dispatch 10 tire fntellisencer.
MARTINSBURG. w. Va. May 2s-
The Democrats OF the Eighteenth Ju-
dicial district comprising the counties
OF Morgan. Berkeley and Jefferson
met in convention in Martinsburg this
afternoon and unanimously nomiated
John Mitchell Woods. a prominent
member Of the Martinsburg bar, for
Judge OF the circuit court 20 succeed
Judge z. Boyd Faulkner. who an
nounced his retirement from the
bench at the end of the present year.
The convention was entirely harmon
ious and no other candidate was pre-
sented 10 the convention
Resolutions paying tribute to Judge
Faulkner we're unanimously adopted.
Although the Republicans OF JefIer-
son county have endorsed Iracy L.
Jeffords. OF Harpers Ferry for the
Judgeship, II Is believed the Republi-
cans will refrain from naming a can
didate. thus giving Woods a clear
field. As the judicial district is heav.
lly Democratic Woods election 10 sure.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29
PRAISE BUCKLEY
AT CONFERENCE
For Thirty-tyvo Years He Has Edited
Christian Advo-
cate.

MINNEAPOLIS. MINI. May IS
Resolutions praising the thirty-two
year work Of Dr NJ Buckley OF
New York. who yesterday retired as
editor OF the Christian Advocate. Of
fcred today 40 the session oi the gen
eral conference Of the Methodist Epis-
copal church. brought forth scores OF
speeches in his honor The resolu-
tions we're adopted unanimously b. a
rising vote
By a vote of f03 90 2gs. the confer
euce adopted "a minority report where
o. the work OF the different doacone.s'
organizations of the church henccforth
o. to bo administered b. "a non partisan
board and is not Co be- uador the direc-
ton Of the Womans Home Missionary
society Tho diaCuss.on on this con
sumed the Ereater part OF the morning
90 sion
The cuIsCoparF committee. in a re-
port. opposed bishops accepting en-
raEemenfE outside the church or the
acceptance By bishops cf more than
actual expenses in performing SER
vices tr connection with church uorE.
a minority report also Vas rrcseufed
orrrs.nr fha granting of race
bishop Cor tHe rrsro churches of ths
south
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29


WASHINGTON. May 2S.-Secretary
OF State Knox has recommended to
President Taft that the civil antitrust
suit against the coffee trust" be with
drawn because OF possible complica-
tions with Brazil This disagreement
in the cabinet between the secretary
OF state and Attorney General Wicker
sham as to the propriety OF attacking
the brazilian valorization scheme in
American courts became known to-
day.
President Taft. however. has not
yet accepted the suggestion OF the
Secretary OF State and the Attorney
General continues his preparations
to pursue the matter in the courts.
AS the issue centers about a for
eign State, Secretary Knox regards
the problem as one for settlement by
diplomacy and not for treatment in
the courts of the United States. He
represented 10 the President that the
international courtesy should direct
the American government 10 retract
his steps and dismiss the court pro-
.ceedings.
The attitude OF Mr.. Knox was
known to Senor Da Cana, the Bra
lillian ambassador, when he caustical-
ly criticised the course OF the Depart
ment OF Justice at the Pan-American
banquet in New York last night. In
all probability, IL Is said. no oficial
notice will be taken of the ambassa-
doris remarks. Neither the attitude
OF the State Department nor the de-
NAL today by the New York circuit
court OF the governments motion for
a temporary injunction restraining
any disposition OF the $4,000 bags OF
coffee stored in New York is deterr-
ing the Department Of Justice, where.
II Is declared, the case will be pushed
TO conclusion.
lt Is maintained by the government
attorneys that the fact that a foreign
state is a party 20 the contract which
are alleged 10 the Illegal offers for
protection To those who carry them
out in this country.
In the South Carolina dispensary
case, IL Is pointed out by the depart
ment OF justice the supreme court OF
the United States held that the state
engaged in the liquor business was
amenable 20 the laws OF commerce.
South Carolina as a political entity
and South Carolina as a merchant. 70
was said. were separate and distinct.
, This same principle, the attorneys be-
iieve. Is applicable 20 a foreign state.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29
CAPTAIN BLAMED
For Titanic Horror; caiifornisn's Cap
tain Scored for Not Going
20 the Rescue.

WAsHfNGTON MAY gs-Blame for
The Titanic disaster o. charGcnble d.
tectIy O. TIRE failure of the dead Cap
tain smith to heed repeated warnings
90 ICrbrrEa ahead. bUf rrEpouaihiIfg b
Tor unnecessary loss uf life must Dc
HAIRED by Captain Lord % the steam
-hlp California. through hir disregard
Uf distress signals This iF the hudIng
% the senate Committee which nVeatI-
EatCd che sinking ~ the Tifauc. a. pre-
fsarrd ln u gumurcnfuEINr speech re-
uVercd hN william Alden smith. of
hlrhGar. Chairman of fhe Commiffee
senator smith declared that resrnu-
ffnlifN also reHfH upon the British Beard
Hf Trade 60 whose lnNitv of regulation
end hantY iuruerfiun. the world ia
largely indebted Cor ths awful fatal
If. In leruuu"fur Captain lord %
fnr Californian. fhr senator Haid fre
HIfauir n IIHfrrrr signals arre nfaiuIN
r. ru from fnr frHk uf bio vessel 4
H"|f distance away
America wfu irrFr fr ErrIarf fra
0.aafI fIa"n0rnf ~ fr1ra rulfr rrafrfrI
f'r senator. arf he quoted BRITISH law
i" rInH fHnf Captain f.Hrf might o..
I'nee. ufrl fHr H r1Irirrrr
tfihrf Unn.l llsIHrH. Ir hrIrf we're Hr
follows
Hefsrr tHr Titanic ferarfsf ar rrr
maiden tHrHre there urrs rn alTI-Irnf
CCouunusd on Hlnth rarsl
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29
SENATE THANKS
.CARPATHIA MEN
FOR SAVING 7OI LIVES
IN TITANIC DISASTER
Medal to BE Given Capt. Bostrom;
Bills TO Make Water Travel
Safer Offered.

WASHINGTON. May 2s.-The
formal thanks of congress to the
steamer Carpathia's officers and
crew for the rescue OF the Titanic
survivors were expressed in a Joint
resolution which was passed to-day
by the senate. The house will take
the first OF three measures intro
duced by Senator Smith. of Michi-
gan. following his speech in the SEN
ate to-day and the presentation Of
his report of the commerce commit
tee on the investigation OF the IT.
tanic disaster.
The resolution which expresses the
thanks of the congress to Captain
Rostrom and the officers and crew
OF the Carpathia for "Heroically saw
ing the lives OF 7O4 people" author
ICES the president 10 have a gold
medal made and presented to Cap
tain Rostrom. Under the resolution
the sum of $1,000 is 10 be appropri-
ated for the purchase OF the medal.
Life Saving Facilities.
Two other measures were intro
duced and referred 20 the commerce
committee. One was a bill requiring
that every steel ocean or coastwiss.
sea-going steam vessel, aud every
steel steam vessel navigating the
great northern and northwestern
lakes. carrying 100 or more pass m.
gers. must have "a water-tieht skin"
on board from the forward collision
bulkhead over not less than two.
thirds Of the length OF the vessel.
and the bulkheads so spaced that any
two adjacent compartments may be
flooded without destroying the float.
ability OF the vessel"
Every ocean or coast steam vessel
navigating between different lake
ports allowed to carry more than 30
passengers must have on board life
boats OF an aggregate carrying ca
pacity computed in cubic feet equal
10 ten .aimes the total number Of her
crew. plus the total number Of her
passengers
A resolution introduced would pro
vide for the creation OF a commission
70 investigate the laws relating 10
construction. equipment and naviga.
ton OF vessels and to report TO Con
gress through the President its find
ings and recommendation by Janu-
airy /. 1913.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29
ROBINSON ROBBED
Hotel Clerk Touches Wheeling's
Manager for Wad, Then
Hikes to Auto Races.
Deeisi Dispatch 20 the lnterisenc.r.

Special Dispatch 60 the intelligencer.
SPRINGFIELD. o.. May 2s.-E. V.
Robinson. business manager OF the
Wheeling team. Is minus $447. and
Harry Greenwood. night clerk at the
Fountain hotel. is missing and is ac-
cused Of having taken the money.
Complaint was made 10 the police
early to-day, and the detectives soon
discovered that Greenwood had Sc
cured a ticket over the Big -Four for
Gallon. where II is suspected he
changed cars and went TO Indianapo
lis. where the auto races are to be
held Memorial Day. II is stated that
Greenwood placed a bell boy on duty
saying that he wanted 20 step outside
for few minutes. lie never came
back. Greenwood came here three
years ago from Altoona. Pa.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29
BOY OF - LYNcHED
BY HIS PLAYMATES.

LOUISVILLE. KY. May 2s.-Three
weeks ago. the body OF Bruce Russell.
IA years old. was found hanging in
the woodshed behind his fathers home
here. II was believed the lad had
committed suicide. though no motive
for the act could be assigned. To-day
the boys father appeared at the city
coroner's office and said he had wit
nesses who would support his theory
that his son had been lynched. The
same day the body was found young
Russell had quarrel with some OF
his playmates. The authorities will
reopen the investigation and hold an
inquest in order to set all doubts at
rest.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29

NEWARK. n. J., May 2s.-Indica-
tions based on fairly conclusive re-
turns are that Theodore Roosevelt
has won all the delegates elected to-
day at the New Jersey primaries.
Theodore Roosevelt's victory in the
primary election is conceded by the
leaders OF the Taft organization.
Shortly after midnight f. w. Gray,
secretary OF the Business Mems
League. said that Col Roosevelt had
probably all OF the delegates-at-large
Governor Wilson's opponents had to
be satisfied with the strong showing
they had made in Essex county the
stronghold of former Senator James
Smith. Jr.. and former Democratic
state committeeman James r. Mug
ent Indications were that Wilson
delegates had been elected for the
state at large and In all but two OF
the districts. The Newark Star.
which is owned by former Senator
Smith. conceded Governor Wilson's
success last night but said that the
opposition probably would elect six
district delegates in Essex and Hud-
son counties.
Any delegates elected not pledged
to Governor Wilson will go TO the con-
vention uninstructed.
The official count in the 1.799 cleo
tiOn districts OF the state came "
slowly tonight.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29
BURSEE FREED
Governor Pardons Wheeling Man,
Convicted Of Robbins Railroad
Car, From Pen

Special Dispatch 70 the Inte.iirencsr
CHARLESTON. W Va. May rs
Governor Glasscock before he left for
Grafton this morning. pardoned Jack
Bursee. aged 81. OF Ohio county. who
vas given two years in March 1911.
for breaking and entering a railroad
car and stealing some cigars A mum.
Der % other persons we're involved
in The ofense.
The paroles vent 20 Prank Bean.
~ kanawha county. sent up IN 1905
f1r malicious woundinF and given six
years. and fo Irwin Porter. of Lincoln
county. sentenced in 1906 90 eirht
years iCr second dcErcC murder
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29
AERIAL VISITORS
Going 20 Land In Wheeling During
Big Aviation Meet IN Cen
tral States.

Specipi n.Fpatrr Co che 1rfeff.rercer
CHICAGO. IT,. May 2S.-With nine
ty-three b.rimen from all parts Of the
country and Europe signed 10 parflct-
pate in the Central States AeropIans
dash June 10. 70 BE- hcl din confunc-
tion with the bic aero moot o. Akron.
o.. the event, The FIRST of ifs kind in
the country promises % b. a success
The avia,orE viii drop down in Wheel
INK and all cities - any consequence
which are to he placed ON reculnr
route. The hugo pathfinder aeroplane
Henry VII VIII leave Chicago next
Monday Tor tour o. the towns aud
cities on The route which Includes
Wheeling. to make final arrangements.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29
RETURNS VERY SLOW
IN BEING RECEIVED
Claim Wilson Gets Delegates-at-
Large and All Others Save
in Two Districts.
Roosevelt Men Claim the Entire
Twenty-eight Delegates Elect.
ed by the State.
TAFT LEADER ADMITS
DEFEAT IN PRIMARY.

NEWARK. y. J.. May 2s.-
Shortly after midnight. f. W.
Gray. secretary OF the Taft
Business Mems League. con-
ceded that Roosevelt had car
ried the state on the prefer
ence vote and that he would
have the four delegates-at-
large. 1t looks" he said. "as
II the President we're badly
beaten"
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29
TORNADO KILLS 3
Whom Oklahoma cities Are Praetie.
ally Wiped on of the
Map.

TULSA. Okla May 2S-Meagre ad-
vices received here by telephone from
a point near tho town Of Skiafock. Is
mites north. cav the town was prac-
urally wiped out br a storm early 10
day. and thaf three persons are
known .o have been killed Many
arc reported injured AT wires now
are down and de'aile of the disaster
viii nor DO ohfsIusbie until news is
received from relief party which
has gone f1 fhr scene
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29
PLOT TO BOUNCE
TAFT'S FRIENDS
ON NATIONAL COMMITTEE
RUMORED AT WASHINGTON
Object Said to BE TO Give ROOse-
welt Control of the Ma
tiOnal Convention.

WASHINGTON. ID. C.. May 2s.-
Rumors that attempts would be made
20 seat new national committeeman
so that they can serve on the Repub-
lican national committee when IL be-
gins the hearing OF contest cases in
Chicago on June s. have stirred po-
liticai leaders here more than any re-
cent move IN the presidential cam
paisn.
Ia many States where the Roosevelt
victories we're pronounced the dele
gates chosen 20 the Chicago conven-
ton were instructed TO elect new ma
tional committeeman. II has been
persisten'ly rumored in Washington
for some time that efforts will be
made by many OF these delegations
TO hold meetings IN the near future.
elect the new committeeman and de-
mand hat they be given seats imme-
diltcly upon the national committee.
to .ake part in the hearing Of the con
tests.
These May BE ousted.
II such "a movement Is started. u
will be directed against such members
OF the national committee as Seua-
tor PenrOsc. Of Pennsylvania, Send-
tor Crane. Of Massachusetts; Frank
o. Lowden. OF Illinois; Arthur l.
Vorys OF Ohio and r. &. Duncan oi
North Carolina. all Of whom are
friendly 10 President Tafts candi.
dacy
The rules OF the national committee
and the procedure of former conven.
tous are opposed 90 such actin n
is claimed by Taft managers and by
many Republican leaders here. tina;
the delegate- 20 the Chicago c0nycn.
tion from any state haev no legal
rtandinE and no authority 90 elect q
. national committeeman until their ere
dentIals have been passed on by tho
existing national committee and later
b. the credentials committee a. the
convention
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29
one ALLEGED FoRoUR
cErs OUT on SAIL

FNUwONr W Va uav rs
U C Boyd rra rf E. ftraa mon
charged uh frrrIrr r0.rr here r.
Cow rrrtH raaf. aa. today reiraraI
from iaI otter frrrI.r.rr bond 1f
aa ufrr.. In fHr ..rr o.
ur'rrr .rf r U W'narr ffa ofhrr
fan arrrafaI arr hr'd rn rIgraa Of
f..rr.r under Errf rf 500 each
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29
TO 'EKHUnE BODY
FoR INVESTIGATION

FAiRMONr vs. ya. May es-
To-day County Coroner prank A
Lloyd and TfoascufIuT Aftorneg Tue.
On Morris ordered fhe body ~ NirF
Gr.rk a ftycaroid ltaf au boy who
aaF blown fo pieces fan srst. aal
near Manu.nEfou uhen a can ~ nitro
rirrrrun. uhIrh hr kIrarE errIrdaf
rHhumfd that an nHr'aI Inrestraf.ou
0f fhe caaa could be made
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29
Roosevelt and Wilson
Claiming the Victory
In New Jersey Primary
MRS. BEACH FINISHES
THOUSAND MILE WALK,

CHICAGO. May 2s.-Mrs. David
Beach completed a journey on foot
from New York to Chicago to-day
and gave TO Mayor Harrison. a mes.
sage which she received from Mayor
Gaynor. During the long walk which
consumed a little more tha.. forty
two days. Mrs. Beach subsisted on
uncooked food OF a vegetarian nature.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29
COFFEE TRUST
SUIT HELD UP
KNOX FAVORS WITHDRAWAL
OF ACTION BY u. S.
Alarmed Over Possibility of Inter-
tionaI Complications With
Brazil.
GOVERNMENT REFUSED
INJUNCTION BY COURT.

NEW YORK. May 2s.-The
application made by the gov
ernment in connection with the
Sherman law suit brought
against Herman Sielcken and
the other members OF the
Brazilian coffee "valorlzation
combine for a preliminary in
junction restraining the de
PENDANTS from parting with or
disposing OF in any way 95O.-
600 bags OF coffee now stored
in the warehouses of the New
York Dock Company. was to-
day denied in the federal dis
trict court.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29

rrTrenr HsH ra w.. rs a
hrHrf rar.f. frs formal opening
0' f.H .Hrr.Hrr fH.. afternoon rrf r
Ha. f"r wHrHrf .Ha a.Hrrf faV
rf f.r r'ft -.rf" HrrraI rHr.Iafr rf
fHr IrrrF sHHH rHfr kr.eHfa Ter.
r.ar T.r faU a.H hr .Hre rrmar. tl.r-
'f fl countless 1f frrl..nfa uHl u.f
IrH..I ... various rIrrfa
NI.r l l..u.l tush.. urrr m
Urs
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29
UNUSUAL TRAGEDY n
PTTTSBJ RGH SUBURB
When Relative Took Nephcu.
Brother and Sister shot
Themselves

rlTrsHIRgH uar rs SIRE RaIrh
farmIuaro eerf t0 frr bone af tar
brother NItr Ferrardo in Hrrrrt.ea
suburb. today. tn rka aaar hrr
ON. are siK. uho tad been uFInr 9Th
Ferrnrfn ard tu sister Rrarffa
They pleaded with hrr fo ieltr fhe
child slth them. end uheu thc eas
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29
TWO SUICIDE OVER CHILD

ab1at to ro uIfh Toe child Rosefta.
arrorf.rr fc fre fIorF toId o. tha
police fr ura Carulnaro. p.rtrf up r.
revolver End rhor hrrtrif In fhc hrad.
A. hrr hnlt rnf.rf ru tnf faor. Ter-
urnfn urfu.nrf fre uraurr from hrr
hand end frrf three rhots af urs.
Germ .rarn aIftrat eject she un
fruu ne tr.rr trf fanrlrr anofher
shof rrfururd fo frf boz tr1fher Iyinr
dead hrrIf hla sister
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29
rArr is BAcK ~
TIE WHITE HOUSE

WtsUNgTON p a.. uar "A -
president Taft returned fonirht from
hIa strenuous primary campaign Iu
rra Jersey reaching fhr White
Hou.e .afisfef uth fta results ac
rompHahrd uUh t.a arrerh. making
four uh'rh ended only ufh the open
.nr of far Sew Jersey polls th.s 81
frrugHr
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29
MINERAL CLAIMED
roR DR HArFtELD

arra. I.errr.r FL. f.s .rfaIU rrrlrr
kENsEH. " Nn MaF sin.
rrnI rr1rfY nn next TurafnV uUI
Eitr ur H n HnffeIf. for governor.
ri substantial maf1rIty over hofh
romreffo-s Rraiiainn thr doctor s
strength both nos anf tr November
and desiring fo elect H Republican
E1tcrror tsa brought tle people f1
his support
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29
CLAIM 10 DELEGATES
FOR GOV. WILSON

NEWARK. y. J.. May 2s.-Incom-
plete returns from every district in
the State indicate that Governor VIII
son will get the delegates-at-large and
at least rs OF the "a district dele
gates. giving him a total OF %.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29
DR.. HATFIELD
Holds B.a Meetings 40 KIna woes
and Terra AitE. CLAIM, PRES
Tor by Bta MaIcrItv.

nTr".H. I"aUHf.H fH f.r frfr. .rrHHrr
TERRA ALTA W1y 2s The HAT
Geld meeting af knrvo1d Monday
rIrnf under fhr auspices of the
Preston county Medical association
vas ore Of tlr most rlfhurinHf
ever held in Preston The court
room vac crowded sim people from
every rrIUru of fhe county
TnIa meeting uaa followed hr one
.r Trrra tIH Trrefn. afternoon
equally ar enthusiastic huf eth
smaller attendance Trrrfn Ir
position f1 trru r.. IrfrrIfs ua
lrff Ir fHr county aI Dol from
500 fo EH..
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1912-05-29

vAsHrHoToH p G. H.y .s-ror.-
rasft
Wsatsru Ftnrsrivsrla. cEio 80 wssl
WlrTiula-aTnunas anTweru and arma-
49, crctsr WaanaadsT.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1912-04-25
ORIGIN OF WORD STEEL.
Ancients Made II, but Said Not to
Have Named Il

we do not know where the word
steel came FROM nor do We know the
original meaning. y leading author
ity claims the word as having started
in England: he is sure mistaken. as
the records show.
When the word first appeared in
English or Anglo Saxon il had become
q proper name ON the Continent. show
ing the general diffusion Of the term.
We are equally disappointed in the
Greek and Roman classics, They
knew how 90 harden soft from but had
no name for the finished product we
cal steel.
The Greeks obtained a good brand
OF steel from the Chalybes at Sinope:
that brand they called .chalybs' or
chalybos, and the Romans adopted
the term. But the common people did
not use the word, which occurs MAIN
~ in poetry. It was so used b.
Aeschylus about f75 b. G. and in Latin
by Virgil a few years before the Chris
tian era.
When the writer's Of good Latin
prose wished to convey the idea OF
steel they we're apt To use the word
,aeies. which means a sharp edge or 4
sharp point In the third century of
our era we find the word iacieris ard
later still the word aeiariun,' whence
the French acier,' meaning steel
The word steel has not been found
prior TO the eighth century. II occurs
in the so-called Epiual gloss. where
stelli' il given as the Anelor Saxon
equivalent of the late Lain ae-
cearium' Just mentioned. Students
Wishing TO verify this may consult
Henry Sweets edition Ut the gloss.
1889. page ,
AT that time the word was common
on the Continent and had become
proper name, both as simple stahai--
OF in compounds like staihart.' We
have no word like steel before the
eighth century. we have 20 trace or
the French 'acier before the third
century. Yet men made steel in the
DAYS of Homer ard before HIS time in
India Rui even in the best days of
Greece and Refine they hardly knew
cast iron Their iron statues were
made of wrought iron, and only trivial
esamples of cast iron are of classical
antiquity.
70 temper, meaning to harden
wrought iron rs heating and then Dip
ping it in cold water, Is term used by
Pliny. The process Of 'tempcripg. OF
course. is much older, II is mentioned
in Homer and may have been known
long before Bulletin Of American
Iron aud Steel association.