davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1912-06-04
NATIONAL CONVENTIONS.
1.-THE CONGRESSIONAL CAUCUS.
BY Frederic ]. Haskin.

The most conspicuous failure of the
Constitution Of the United States is it's
attempt to prescribe the method of Sc
lecting the President of the United
States. In a perfunctory fashion the
forms of the constitutional method have
been followed, but even those forms
were changed when they interfered with
the popular and extra-constitutional
method. No President, not even George
Washington, ever has been chosen by the
method laid down in the Constitution.
This is all the more curious when con-
sidered in the light of the fact that the
only part of the Constitution that was
not subjected to severely hostile criticism
when it was pending for ratification by
the states was the provision for this
very election. Mr.. Madison and Mr.. Ham
ilton, who were the chief authors of the
document, and who were it's champion
defenders when 1t was referred to the
states, both said in the Federalist that
the provision for electing the President
was the only part of the Constitution
which had not been assailed, and the
only feature which even the opponents
of the Constitution admitted was good.
AS every one knows, the Constitution
provided that the states select by any
method prescribed by the state legisla-
ture, q number OF electors equal to the
total number of the representatives and
senators of that state in Congress. and
that those electors should Of their de-
liberation select a man to be President
of the country. 1t was undoubtedly the
plan and purpose of the fathers that the
electors always would choose some dig
nfied and distinguished citizen. not a
supporter of any political party, who
should preside over the nation from the
lofty station of man too broad for
partisanry, too wise for factionaism,
too national for sectionalism.
When the Constitution was being
formed the delegates to the convention
had before their
Voice of People eyes. in the person
w of the president of
AoA ""SnAA6 son' he convention.
such a man. The electors chosen to
name the first President. the legislatures
of the states and the people of the in
fant republic all were unanimously agreed
that that man should be made the first
President. He was George Washington.
Justifying the conception held by the
convention Of the presidential Office. and
justifying the confidence reposed in him
Evening star., 1912-06-04

by the states and the people. Presiden,
Washington declined to be a partisan
but invited into his cabinet Hamilton and
the two antagonistic schools of political
tnought. from whom flowed out the DO
ntlcal party principles that have since
divided the people Of this country into
two major fractions.
But even In this first election the presi-
uentlai electors were given no liberty OF
actlon. They We're chosen for the pur-
pose OF voting for Washington and they
SO voted. Four years later the same
thlng was repeated and Washington was
Reelected
For the first time there we're rivals for
the presidency in 1895, and. although
there were no nominations and no formal
party organizations. the electors chosen
in the states obeyed the mandate of the
party powers that chose them whether
.ne people In popular elections as In
some states, or the legislatures as in
other states. and II they were federalists
they voted for John Adams, and IL they
were democratic-republican they voted
for Thomas Jefferson.
Four years later the absolute loyalty of
the electors to the party mandate was
such that there
Loyalty of Electors was no election.
and the issue of
was sent to the House of Representatives.
The Constitution originally provided that
each elector should cast his votes for two
candidates for President. and that the
one having the highest number of votes,
being majority of the whole, should be
President and the one having the next
highest number OF votes. being a major
ity of the whole. should he Vice Presi-
dent If the electoral college had been
indeed a deliberative body this probably
would have resulted in the second choice
for President always being made Vice
President. But the loyalty of the electors
to the mandate of the people was such
that, as early as 1900, Jefferson and Burr,
the two democra ra.ic-republican candi-
dates. each received 13 votes. The cleo
ton, therefore, went to the House of
Representative. where, due to the pa
triotism of Alexander Hamilton. Jeffer-
son. who was the real choice for Presi-
dent. was elected. This was followed i'm
mediately by the amendment of the Con-
stitution to provide for a separate ballot
Of the electors for the ONCE Of Vice
President. AS was Inevitable, this fur
Evening star., 1912-06-04
lures and not by the people. II was tho
last expiring gasp of the federalist party

lures and not by the people II was tho
last expiring gasp of the federalist party.
Four years later there was absolutely
no opposition to the reelection of Mon
roe. The fed
Given Second Term eralist party
Without Opposition. there was gen.
eral agreement in the democratic-repub-
lican party that Monroe should he gwen
a second term. For that reason the con-
gressional caucus. although duly called.
was attended by only few members OF
Congress. and no formal nomination was
made. This destroyed the continuity OF
precedent and illustrated that weakness
that was responsible for the downfall OF
the caucus. 1t was the free-for-all race
of 1894 that finally dethroned king caucus
and prepared the public mind for the
erection of the convention system.
Evening star., 1912-06-04

Four years later there was absolutely
no opposition to the reelection Of Mon
Evening star., 1912-06-04

Four vars later. however. formal nomi-
nations for the presidency were made. A
Evening star., 1912-06-04
Grass Covered, Sloping Banks.

1T is easy to imagine the superior at
tractiveness of a full basin surrounded
by sloping banks covered by grass and
shrubbery to the waters edge. as con-
trasted with high walls with bases fire.
quently exposed at low tide, with per-
haps unsightly accumulations of mud and
vegetable growth below the high tide line.
Ii is believed, therefore, that the con-
struction of a dam will furnish the most
satisfactory solution Of the problem of
Improvement. The park commission, aft
er making a general study for the de-
velopment of Washington. decided that
the line of Massachusetts avenue extend
ed was the best location for new dam,
that location being the upper limit of
probable future commercial development
of the river. dam so located will pro-
vide means for extending Massachu-
setts avenue across the river into Ana
costa at location between the exist
ing bridges at Pennsylvania avenue and
Benning road. The approach on the
Washington side would be through reser-
walton No. Ii. which now belongs to the
United States. and doubtless will eventu-
ally become a part Of the park system of
the city.
Barrier Against Flood.
'The crest of the dam should be placed
at height sufficient to keep out the
highest foods in the Potomac river. The
highest recorded flood height is between
eleven and twelve feet above mean low
water. 1t is believed that a lock should
be provided of sufficient size TO accom-
modate pleasure launches and small
dredges.
THE construction of a dam and the
maintenance of the basin surface at a
fixed height would at once very largely
eliminate the Objectionable features of
the fats and marshes above that point.
which are now exposed a large portion of
the time The water being held at a con-
stant level could be drained so as not to
retain stagnant water and thus be made
only slightly Objectionable pending the
completion of the Improvement. Dredg
ng and reclamation will be required
above the dam in order to provide park
area. but this can be done gradually as
funds become available. As the dredging
progresses the marshes and shallow pOr-
tons OF the basin that permit the growth
Of rushes and other water vegetation will
gradually be replaced by dry ground at a
sufficient elevation for parking and road
ways and lake formed of sufficient area
Evening star., 1912-06-04

When the next election year rolled
around Madison was renominated by the
Evening star., 1912-06-04

ther departure from the original con-
stitutional scheme resulted in the success
sion to the vice presidency being used as
a minor and inferior office. often bestowed
to placate a faction or a section.
In the year of 1890 for the first time
there were nominations for President.
The federalist members of Congress held
a conference in the Senate chamber early
in the year and agreed to support Mr..
Adams for second term. y few weeks
later the democratic-republican members
of Congress held a secret caucus and
agreed to support Jefferson for President
and Burr for Vice President. These con-
ferences were not, however. formal in
character and their decision was not pre-
sumed to be anything more than the ex-
preston of the general sense of the sup
norters of the two parties. The fact that
the nomina tions were made was not for
mally announced. and no report OF the
proceedings of these conferences ever was
published.
Four vars later. however. formal nomi-
nations for the presidency were made. A
Perth Amboy evening news., 1912-04-05

her head has been turned by Pres.
colts attentions and his house. Now
that you have some money"
Money!" he Interrupted impatient
ly. IF you NEAR that Rose will mar
ry me o that | am rich" =
Hush, Toni" she said softly. Now
listen to me. Rose is nott to know a
word about your GOOD luck. Neither
Ia anyone in town to know It for a
little while. This Is my plan"
Tom left a half hour later thinking
what a wonder Aunt Polly was and
with a determined set to his lips bod.
ing good or Ill for someone.
One day, q week or SO before the
wedding, Rose stopped in to see Eric
at his Office.
I've come to ask about the windo
seat In the dining room, Eric" she ex.
planned after he had kissed her. az do
not want 1t vanished. DID you tell
Simmons?"
Eric looked uncomfortable for q
minute, then walked to the window
and looked over at the house. do
you ike the pace SO We'll, Rose?"
Il love 1t. Why2"
IL have just sold It,"
You what?"
Sold It."
THAT house! Our house! Mine!
Sold It'll"
Yea"
Rose sank into a chair, white and
shaking. Please explain"
He turned quickly. Il had too good
an offer to refuse. A firm In the city
offered me ten thousand for 1t and
wanted an immediate answer. You
were In Foxburg yesterday and | could
not wait to ask you. So l wired
Yes You di'n't care so much as
that for the house, did your We can
put up another"
She rose unsteadily, the tears start
ing to her eyes. Il must think It all
Perth Amboy evening news., 1912-04-05

over, Eric. ! am a little upset. Good
by"
Alone in her room, Rose began to
think as she had not done for
months. The sale of the house, his
wedding gift to her, had gi~en her .
sudden Jolt. But after all a house 10
only a house, her common sense kept
telling her. She must do nothing for
which she would be sorry. But some
thing was wrong with her. All her
feeling for Eric seemed dead. Surely
his thoughtlessness could not kill
real love SO easily. Rose sat and
thought 1t all out. Then she realized
Tor the first time that her feeling for
the southerner was not love at all.
She cried herself to slesp that night
thinking of Tom. ooh. what have
done?" she moaned. Il have spoiled
his life and mine, but / would rather
live In q cave with him than In a pal
see with Eric"
In the morning she awoke clear
headed and courageous. Before she
dressed she wrote two notes, one to
NAO V-AaGoCL1tAAt oAa "
very short n to Tom, merely asking
him to come to see her as she had
something to explain.
Tom went to Roses house. He had
not been surprised to get the note.
Rose, trying to lock matter.of.ract
and dignttied, met him at the door.
And Tom pretended not to notice her
burning checks and eyes which
threatened to run over.
Il will just keep you a minute,
Tom," she said simply, but l wanted
you to know something, II is due you.
You were entirely in the right when
we q%uarreied and l am very sorry. /
was wrong and l want you to know 1t.
And another thing She stopped
suddenly. then caught her breath and
the color left her fate. II nave broken
my engagement to Mr.. Prescott. /
Perth Amboy evening news., 1912-04-05

think you should be the frst one to
know IT. I discovered quite accident
ally that I did not love him. That Is
all, Tom." she said, rising and holding
out her hand with q smile, except
that mother and ] are going away to-
morrow for q month or two and / will
say sood-by. Do say I am forgiven.
I would feel better about It, you
know"
Tom looked at her steadily, then
took her little pink hand in his. Blow
iy he reached for the other and got it.
"Rosol"
Rose dropped her eyes and turned
crimson again.
Rose. do you love mef"
No answer.
Tell me. Do you love mef'
Yes, Tom" almost inaudibly.
He gathered her in his arms and
kissed her.
Dearest" he said a little later. II,
too, have something | must get on
my mind. I thought I would beat
Eric at his own game. ANS fair In
love and war he used to say, and so
1t is."
Rose looked startled. He went on.
Did Eric tell you he had sold the
house7"
yes"
Well bought 1t. The farm has
valuable coal on 1t, Rose, and | sold
the rights. No one knows 1t, but /
am rich now. ! had an idea you did
not love Eric Prescott and 1 deter
mined to try him, too. l got an uncle
OF mine to make an offer for the
house to see If he would sell 1t. Pres-
colt lent the answer by wire In less
than FIVE minutes. Now am | for
given, dsar2 The house is still yours,
you know"
Rose put her arms around his neck.
You are a dear, but ! would rather
live In the country" she said.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1912-04-05
OUR GOODS

1t is unanimously admitted that the larger the buying capacity of q firm
the better price concessions can be had. This is I'LL advantage, for W do a
larger volume of business than all other credit stores combined, MI we carry
g. larger assortment, two stores stocked Zone or Smith st. and one IN Hobart)
with Mems Womens and Chldrens Clothing, Hats and Shoes.
We do not claim to undesen Jul competitors $500 II $1,000 on a garment.
That is n impossiblty with any store, and what we call misrepresentation
but you will undoubtedly get better values for your money here than else
where. All our goods are marked In plain figures and guaranteed in every
way, your money being ready for you at any time If your purchase is not
satisfactory, and One Price is our motto to ALL
Perth Amboy evening news., 1912-04-05
OUR TEDMS

A few words of direct explanation, giving the essentials of our liberal
terms, we feel are necessary to enhghten the public and convince them that
ours is Original, others being poor limitations, with not the advantages to the
buyer that or terms afford.
All that is necessary to open an account here is to call and select anything
YOU want, just make a small deposit, and promise to pay q small weekly OF
monthly payment, and the goods are yours.
I. is immateial whether it takes you six months or longer to pay your
bill under or liberal credit terms; your account need never be closed o VI
books; you can keep purchasing clothing from time to time and Wt have it
chIged-thus having a garment market at your disposal to be called upon
m III %. ( necessity demands. AL we want IN return is your promise to pay a
:2&saz.a or month. 49, ~
Perth Amboy evening news., 1912-04-05
OUR SERVICE

Ash all other features of our business our service Is superb. 1t doesn't
make a particle of difference w small your purchase or waty YOU position
in life may be- you always secure prompt courteous reatnent here; ant above
all. we keep our promises Taking all in all the complete content Of this d-
verhsement, what could be more convincing or invhng9 Giveu Is q call ad
talk it ovT
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1912-09-06
Geneva.

Miss Ila Buckley is home from South
Haven.
Ed Welcheck has had a windmill
placed on his barn.
Mr.. and Mrs Arthur Cook of Chica-
go have been visiting her father, Har-
ry Mari.
Mesdames h. Baker and 3. Cummings
of Kibbie were in Bangor on business
last Thursday.
John Kreger of Decatur, ILL.,, was
calling on relatives in this neighbor-
hood last week.
Chas. Bellvil and family of South
Haven attended the Elite family re-
union at Lacota last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Williamson of Ross
vile, ILL.,, are visiting their daughter,
Mrs. J. p. Rowley, and family.
Wilmer Robbins and family of
South Haven attended the Robbins
and Grills family reunion at Bangor,
Saturday.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1912-09-06
Sou tn west Paw Paw.

Mrs. Lizzie has been entertaining
the humps.
Mr.. Steadman, who bought the
Van Auken place, has returned from
Chicago where he has been for some
time.
G.. w. Lee entertained friends over
Labor day.
Fred Schuneman has purchased a
Ford Autom obile of Chas. Leach.
Mrs. Nellie Durham of Lawrence
visited her mother, Mrs. Sarah
Rogers, Sunday.
Mr. and Mrs. Vernon Kay visited
friends and relatives at Dowagiac,
Niles, Cassopolis, Glenwood and
Decatur last week.
Miss Nellie burlington is engaged
to teach the Lee school this year but
Nina Salisbury will teach for her
during grape season.
Mrs. Carl Howe began school in the
Lyle district Monday, where she
taught last year
Mr.. and Mrs. Coupe of Coloma and
Mr. and Mrs. John Phillips of Bangor
motored to Jay Hinckley's Sunday
and spent the day.
All the resorters left Eagle Lake
Monday.
Mr. and Mrs. Jay Lyle and Mr.. and
Mrs. Jay Hinckley expect to take in
the big fair at Cassopolis this week.
Mrs. Ethel Collins of Kalamazoo
spent last week as the guest of her
mother, Mrs. Lyle.
Mr.. and Mrs. Albert Betaque have
moved to their farm at Three Mile
Lake to reside permanently. This is
Mrs. Betaque's old home and their
friends will all be glad to have them
back again.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Tuttle are
ente raining M. S. Cook and wife
this week.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1912-09-06
WHERE THE WORLD LAGS
In Arts, Literature and Science IL Ia
ProgressIVe-Why Not In
Humanity

In the acceptation and appreciation
of the latest developments in the arts,
literature, philosophy and the SCI
ences, the modern world is truly cos
mopolitan 1t recognizes no boun-
Diary line Of race or nationality where
genius in these fields reveals itself.
So closely are the various countries
now bound together through interna-
tional communication and commercials
ism and the universal diffusion Of In
telligence, that competition In the
search for knowledge has been ire
mendously stimulated, says writer
in the Metropolitan Magazine. In the
realm of the intellect and the senses
emulation is encouraged and each
new discovery or achievement that
promises greater progress for man.
kind Is hailed with impartial enthu-
siasm. The world is ready to pay
homage equally to Marconi, Lister
Rodin, Reinhardt, Tolstoi, Loeb, Pea
ry or Amundsen None will be denied
the acknowledgment due him because
he was born I'm one country and not
In another. II is the patience, daring,
endurance, persistence. wisdom and
passion for truth and knowledge as
Manifested in his works that are &C
cepted as the measure Of his worth.
1t is only when economic and political
supremacy is in question that the
nations and races maintain hideous
and barbaric relations toward one an
other. Then envy, suspicion and
thoughts Of mutual destruction are &C
copied as natural, logical and inevi-
table. Then the world divides itself
into armed camps and group alliances
are made as safeguards of one nation
against the other. In everything but
the one vital, human essential Of the
welfare of the people, who sustain out
Of their poverty the armaments in
times of peace and give of their lives
when war is rampant, the worlds rul-
ers are content to see amity and
brotherhood prevail.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1912-09-06
The Nobel Prizes.

Alfred b. Nobel, inventor of dyna-
mite, died in 1896, and bequeathed his
fortune, estimated at $9,000,000, to
the foundation of a fund the inter
est of which should yearly be dis
tributed TO those who had most large
ly contributed to the good of human
ity." The interest is divided in five
equal shares, given away, "One to the
person who In the domain of physics
has made the most important diScov-
cry or invention; one to the person
making the most important chemical
discovery; one to the person making
the most important discovery In medi-
cine or physiology; one to the per-
son who provides the most excellent
work of an idealistic tendency; and
one to the person who has worked
best for the determination of nations
and the abolition or reduction of
standing armies and the promotion Of
peace"
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1912-09-06
AImenu.

X. E. Grouse was home from Chi
cago, Sunday.
Ted Manning returned to his school
in South Bend this week.
Mrs. L. c. Hill of Mattawan is keep
ing house here for her brother, A. j..
iced.
Hugh and Wilhelmina Neale of Paw
Paw visited relatives here part of
last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Dyer visited at
O. Everest's near Plainwell last Sat
urday and Sunday.
Dorothy futile of Paw Paw visited
her grandparents, Mr.. and Mrs. c. H..
Smith, part of this week.
Mrs. Lucy Bonfoey and Mr.. and
Mrs. McConnahie of Watervliet came
Monday for a visit with relatives.
Floyd Zerby and Will Tracy of Kali
amazoo and an aunt, Mrs. Langton Of
CentervIlle, visited at Mrs. Tracy's
over Sunday.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1912-09-06
Black Fox Farming,

There is in Prince Edward island a
new development which Is attracting
great attention In the shape of rails
Ing of fur bearing animals. 1t has
been proved that the climate of the
province is particularly suitable for
the breeding Of black foxes, and a
number of farmers have embarked In
the industry with the most profitable
results. The fur of the black fox,
owing TO It's rarity, has become ex-
ceedingly valuable, and the commits
sioner OF agriculture for Prince Ed
ward island states that q pair of live
foxes were sold recently for $4,000
and another pair for over $4,000
The price Of this springs pups was
over $4,000 pair and 21,600 a pair,
while cash deposit varying from 10
to 20 per cent is being paid for fox
cubs that are due to be born in the
spring Of 1913. Black fox farming, as
1t is called, does not entail any con-
siderable expense, the ranches con-
sisting usually Of an acre of ground
with a steel wire enclosure about fifty
feet square for two pairs, containing
little houses for the animals.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1912-09-06
Prospect Valley.

Gene Horner is adding a second
story to his house.
Mr.. Storm and wife of Chicago are
visiting his parents.
Mr. and Mrs. Henry Marshall were
in South Haven, Sunday.
Coleman and Robbie Bills were in
Dowagiac last week for home coming.
The pickle crop is going to be a
short one this year on account of the
blight.
ID. p. Smith was in Lawton, Mon
day, testing the wells at the water
works.
Mr.. and Mrs. Bert Douglass were
calling on his sister, Mrs. Fred Beach,
Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs Fred Bridger of Paw
Paw were Sunday guests at the Bruce
Lonsbury home.
The White Oak school board met
Friday night to see about installing
new heating plant
Fred Beach, who has been living on
Paul Smiths place, has moved into
Mr.. Brassart's tenant house.
Ed. easier, who has been visiting
his brother Leon for the past week, re-
turned to his home in Ohio Friday
morning.
Mr.. and Mrs Fred Bridger, Mrs.
Boyd and Bruce Lonsbury attended
the play Monday night at the Fuller
in Kalamazoo.
Mr.. and Mrs. Chester Campbell of
Grand Rapids, who have been visiting
his people for the past two weeks, left
for their home Friday.
A load of people from Paw Paw
came out Thursday to eat watermelon
with Will Baugher. When it come to
raising fine melons, Will can't be
beaten.