davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-03

in fact. the blond nations of northern
and western Europe from which the
American originally sprung are no
longer furnishing large percentage of
our immigration. Last year. but %
per cent of immigrants came from
these countries. The bulk of the blood
is now coming from the Iberic and
Slavonic countries of southern and
eastern Europe and from the western
part of Asia. SiXty-five per cent of
last years immigration came from
these countries. and that percentage
has in recent years run as high as ~
per cent. Italy last year furnished 81
per cent of the immigration. or about
as much as all the countries of north
and west Europe combined. Russia
and Finland contributed Is per cent,
Hungary per cent. Austria 8 per cent
and other south European countries
smaller percentages.
? Over hree-fifths of all the immi-
grants coming to the United States
remain in the five eastern states con-
tiguous to the port of entrance at New
York. These immigrants differ widely
from the earlier ones in respect to
their occupations and the locality to
which they go. Contrary to what was
formerly the case, large proportion
are unskilled laborers and go to the
manufacturing and mining centers.
where the immigration commission re-
Gently found that there was an over
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-03
HUNGARIAN WOMEN
In TEXAS

portunity to get himself start i'm the
small business he knows. or upon a small
piece of land. which is his first love.
1t is interesting to note that certain
races in America follow certain avoca :
lions. There is the Greek. for instance.
who shines all the shoes on this side OF
the ocean. The Greek got started in the
business Of shoe shining in a queer way.
He was so situated as to offer himself
advantageously to the purpose of certain
Americans who organized a shoe-shine
trust. The Greeks that come to America
are mostly from the cities. being in this
way different from the Italians, who come
mostly from the small towns and the
country. The Italian wants to ie inde-
pendent, wants to get started for him
self This is because he has worked
Tor himself in the country. But the Greek
is willing to accept almost any employ
ment on almost any terms. He does not
know how to farm, nor how to mine
Therefore. he is found doing the plainest
and most unskilled labor and for the
lowest wages. The Greek boys could be
employed cheapest and with most likeli-
hood Of permanency by the shoe shining
trust Likewise are the Greeks most
likely to be found doing such labor as
railroad building and other unskilIed con.
struction work
When the figures show that 1o5.ON
HunSarians arrived in the United States
1T may safely be estimated that 100000 Of
these found Their way into the mines of
pennsylvania. West Virginia and the
other coal producing states. The same
thing is true in almost as large a proper
ton among the Austrians that come TO
America. The Italians do all manner OF
ordinary work through the first years
after their arrival, but they cannot he
turned aside from the idea of little
business or a little farm OF their own
either here or back in their native Italy
when they have saved enough. The 2eO.-
900 Russians who last year arrived have
even a stronger tendency to get on
American farms. for they are peasant
farming people before they come.
So of the Poles who came to America
last year it is interesting to notice that
1900 went into Connecticut, 5000 into
Massachusetts,, 1000 into Illinois and
10000 into the state Of New York, and it
is known that most of these immigrants
found a footing on the farm. More ac-
tors and clergymen were English than of
any other race admitted. more lawyers
were Cuban. more musicians We're Ger
man and Italian, more bankers were
Hebrews. as were blacksmiths and book
binders. The Irish led in their contribu-
ton of masons and ironworkers and con-
tributed a large share of teachers. So
may the gamut be run indefinitely.
Copyright. 1912, by W. A. Du PuyD
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-03

consideration was shown to him. Here Is
one instance: 1t was necessary for
English officer, under orders. to see Ma
poleon three times a day. This constant
surveillance angered the emperor beyond
words. The officer did his best to relieve
Napoleon OF any annoyance and arranged
to see him without being seen. He would
take his station I'm the garden at Long
wood. and wait, ! am afraid. very long
while at times. for the irregular prisoner
to enter his dining room. When Napoleon
would seat himself at table his servant.
under an arrangement with the officer.
would raise the blind The officer i'm the
garden would get glimpse of Napoleon's
back. Then the blind would be lowered
again.
On the wall of Mrs. CARROTS home
hangs a picture of a peaceful valley be-
tween rugged hills. which shows where
Napoleon was buried. The untenanted
grave Is surrounded by an iron railing
and surmounted by great fiat stone.
Beautiful weeping willows Overshadow
it. The body rested there from 1921 until
1S4o when France claimed its emperor.
1t now lies under the dome of the In
valides in Paris lin the midst of the
French people he loved SO we'll
!:
'Sir William was at the burial OF Ma
poleon at st. Helena" said Mrs. Carroll.
land he was one OF the men who identi-
fled the body before its removal to France
in 1870 When the coffin was disinterred
it was found that Napoleons nose had
been broken in some mysterious manner
at the time of burial. Sir William said
he was shocked when he gazed at the
face to see 1t much as it was when Ma
poleon was alive. Death had seemed to
change that marble countenance only
very slightly.
AN album was kept at Napoleon's
grave, wherein all visitors registered their
names I read some Of the inscriptions.
A Frenchman had written: Napoleon
was a great man. An Englishman had
written directly under the line: yelling
ton was a greater An American had
finished 1t with: George Washington was
the greatest of ALL
This little tilt among visitors to Nae.
poleon's tomb once came near precipiatat-
ing an international complication. Tho
French government grew indignant when
it learned Of the inscriptions. and deter
mined to take up the matter with the
American government. It was suggested,
however, by some conciliatory statesman
that nothing more was to be expected
OF Yankee, and the incident was
closed"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-03

supply of unskilled labor They often
herd together, forming in effect foreign
colonies. in which the English Ian
gauge is almost unknown. Miserable
economic and sanitary conditions exist
in many of these colonies, as witness.
for instance, in New York city the
frequency with which the state factory
inspectors are compelled to attach the
red "unclean" tag to articles made in
shops and factories where aliens are
employed.
But the immigrant does not go to the
congested city as a matter of preference.
He is taken there in the first place be-
cause it is near his point of landing. in
the second place because it is part of
America of which he has heard most, and
in the third place because his animal in
stinct drives him to the homes of his
kind. His first great obstacle is to learn
something OF the language of the people
among whom he is thrown. Here among
his fellows he begins this task. Tempo
rarily he may accept whatever employ
ment presents itself. whether it be ped
ding bananas, strikebreaking or COM
mon labor on some construction work. RE
may find q steady job as a common la
borer and hold that job for years. II so,
he never sees beyond it into the oppor
tunities Of America, and when he has ac-
quired sufficient money he will return to
Europe and buy himself a one-acre farm.
But all the time he is looking for that OPP
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-03

men than Sir Hudson Lowe, the petty
official chosen by the English govern.
ment to watch the imperial captive of ST
Helena. He was ignorant, arrogant and
narrow-minded. He hedged Napoleon in
with unnecessary restrictions. He heaped
petty insults upon him. His one desire
seemed to be to harass and annoy him.
One writer explains this by saying that
Lowe was only carrying out his orders.
Another perhaps comes nearer the truth
when he says that Lowe lived in con-
slant terror that his prisoner would es-
cape and In trying to prevent this he
wholly lost his head. One thing is GER
tain-after Napoleons death the English.
III a way. repudiated Lowe and he died
in poverty and disgrace.
In speaking of the repute in which
Lowe was held at ST. Helena. Mrs. Car
roll said
Sir William Carroll rarely expressed
himself on this subject. but the people of
the island generally seemed to think that
loves fate was just what he deserved.
AT the same time Mrs. Carroll added.
they say Napoleon was a very difficult
man to handle. He never forgot a kind
ness or forgave an injury.
"In some things Napoleon was unrea-
sonable. A new house was built for him
ana every thing was arranged Tor MS colil-
fort, but on account of his hatred for
Lowe he would not move in. Then
drive of several miles was built for him at
Longwood that he might take the air on
horseback. He was pleased at this. for he
was very fond Of riding. but when he
learned that two English officers were al
ways to accompany him. he declined ever
to ride He never set foot on the drive.
He expressed a desire. Sir William
told me. for some salad oil one day. The
To ftac pny
whom everything was purchased, and a
sample Of oil was sent to Longwood for
Napoleon's approval. One taste was all
Napoleon wanted, and he showed the
bottle away from him, declaring 1t was
the vilest stuff he ever tasted. Another
sample of the same oil was sent to him
by the same grocer, but through another
channel. Napoleon declared it was fine
and placed a large order, so there would
be no chance of his getting hold of the
first kind again.
'At times he thought things were poi
soned and would not touch them. Al
though usually reasonble, he was at times
as whimsical as Q woman.
Napoleon had a great deal to contend
with at st. Helena. l know, but much
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-03

bon in his lapel and on his breast were
star and several medals.
Napoleon talked with what seemed to
Sir William certain gayety about his
voyage, the great distance the ship had
covered, the time it had made in gales
and Gains. and little incidents OF the long
passage. In a short time he retired to
his sleeping apartment adjoining ms re,
closed behind him, Sir William told me.
than Napoleon began to pace back and
forth across the room with quick nerv-
Gus tread.
Sir William and his two cenpanions
continued the conversation with the mem
bers Of Napoleon's suite, but above their
voices rose the constant thud-thud OF the
emperor's restless footsteps. pacing to
and fro. Hour after hour went by, Dut
still the nervous pacing in that inner
room was unbroken. The first rays OF
a gray morning found the Engilsnmen
worn out with their strange vigil. but
there was no sign Of fatigue In the I'M
faltering footsteps
"Sir William was q young man then
with steady nerves." Mrs. Carroll con-
tinued. but he told nae that long before
the sun came up he felt that If something
did not happen to stop the maddening
monotony of those footsteps he would
have to force his way into the emperors
presence and stop 1t himself.
ut was after o'clock in the morning
however, that Napoleon came out of his
apartment, babe the party good morning.
and thanked them for their courtesy
There was faint smile on his lips. SIR
William said. as he glanced at the weary
men, In Napoleon's eyes there was
tired look. but otherwise his marble coun-
tenance showed no indication OF the
strain he had undergone.
That said Sir William to me- was
Napoleon's hardest battle
From that night on during the long
term of Napoleon's confinement at st.
Helena my father-in-law's sympathy for
the fallen emperor was unbounded. He
told me that he then came to understand
the loyalty and devotion OF his follow
ers to the man who silently and alone
faced the future that to him was worse
than death. As Sir William and / were
leaving the room in which Napoleon had
held his night-long vigil years before Sir
William said to me:
Many stories have been told about
this wonderful man. and many lights
have been thrown on his character, but
/ have believed that il we could know the
thoughts that surged through this giants
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-03

there. When Napoleon lived there. there
We're only about 1900
Mrs. Carroll walled across her pleasant
parlor and stopped before a large pic
ture.
"Thia,i is Longwood," she said, "just as
l saw it,
The house had a barren, desolate look.
1t resembled barn more than a resi-
dence. A low stone fence extended along
the back of the house, and the grounds
We're unattractive.s
The picture does not agree with my
glowing description of st. Helena Mrs.
Carroll admitted, but Longwood is the
most desolate place on the island. A
farmer was living there at the time of
my visit. He allowed us o go through
the house, but seemed to wonder why We
took any special interest in it. The fact
that one of the worlds greatest con-
querors had lived and died there seemed
of no great consequence to this rude
the building was badly in need of repair
seemed to the farmer of vital impor-
lance
THE room that had been Napoleon
drawing room was a large apartment.
shabbily appointed and dreary looking.
Sir William said that Longwood was
never a likely place of residence, and it
did not look IIlen as IL anything ever
could make it SO. Behind the drawing
room was a small dark room which was
used as a dining room, and off this was
the emperor's Steering apartment.
1.-The conversation at the emperor s
table was usually interesting and ami
mated Mrs. Carroll went on. Fire.
gently Napoleon would ask. What day
of the month is this? Once upon being
told that it was the 18th of March he
replied: a year ago today I reviewed
the troops at Lyons. 1t was brilliant
day. 1 asked the mayor to dine with
me, and he boosted afterward that it
was the worst dinner he ever had in his
life"
mo matter what the date was. Napo-
leon would tell in detail what had hap
pened in his career on that date in pre-
vious years His power of recalling
dates and names was marvellous. This
was an ever-amazing source of wonder
to Las Cases, to whom he dictated his
memoirs. When a subject was being
discussed only casually Napoleon SEEM
ed to have forgotten many incidents or
rather never to have known them. But
when he wished to remember his men,
DRY seemed infailible
a favorite jest of his was to ask his
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-03

the returned immigrant Much to his
surprise he finds that the great majority
of Italians and kindred peoples going
back home invest their savings in land.
They pay prices ranging from 5000 to 5000
an acre. In America they could buy bet
ter land, nearer better markets, and from
which greater profits could be derived. for
one-tenth those amounts. The Italian
goes back home to buy this land because
he knows about land in Italy, and is ig-
norant Of its possibilities in America. He
has earned his money on some work that
has not been in touch with farming. and
SO knows nothing OF the farming posi-
bilities. In the mine or factory he has
had no opportunity to discover the fact
that his ambition to till his own acres
may be easily realized in this the land OF
his adoption.
1t is argued that this Cover nment
should take pains to direct these people
to the farming opportunities on this side.
Canada goes abroad and chooses the sort
Of immigrants she wants and directs
those immigrants to the place she wants
them, that is to the farms. This country
merely accepts whatever immigrants may
come and it's laws prohibit the soliciting
Of any immigration whatever. This
country refuses to admit an immigrant
who has work already engaged. for it
would be violation of the contract labor
law to do SO. Canada prefers that her
immigrants should have definite employ
ment before they come. This country
even refuses to allow the distribution Of
government prepared information that
would acuuaint them with their opportu-
mites in the United States. among lmm:-
grants while they are on board steamers
coming over. Labor organizations in the
United States object.
The only step that this nation takes
that is in the nature of an effort to dis
tribute it's immigration is to distribute in
formation to the immigrant at the time
Of his landing and to maintain certain of
fees where he may secure information
after he has become a resident. If
Hollander asks the bureau of immigration
by letter where he can buy good garden
land that bureau may not under the law
answer the question
The bureau Of information knows where
in the United States there are calls fos
labor of various kinds. After an immi-
grant has landed he may apply for this
Information. If he were given the facts
upon leaving his home port he would have
a week aboard ship to digest them. But
newly landed in America he is full OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-03

companion at the close of dinner, Which
theater shall we attend tonight? Shall
we hear F1eury or Talma?'
II asked Sir William one day if Ma
told me that he had asked him many
times and. although protesting brea1
friendship for him. Napoleon always po-
litely declined. The real reason was
discovered. Napoleon would not accept
an invitation unless it was addressed to
him as emperor. This Sir William could
not do. 1t had been positively forbidden
by the English authorities, and the PEN
atty was Punishment from the island.
The English government granted to
eral.' To this Napoleon never was rec
onciled. He insisted that he was still
emperor-not emperor of the French, but
emperor. One day in burst of indig-
nation he said: They may call me what
they like, but they cannot prevent me
from being what l am
''Sir William said that no one who
knew him would question that statement
Gradually the English at st. Helena
were won over to liking Napoleon, al
regard. His unfailing good humor amazed
them, and his fortitude won their admira-
ton. Members of his suite complained
bitterly at times about the treatment the
emperor was receiving, and the French
government made insistent demands for
a betterment of Napoleon's living condi-
tons.
Napoleon seldom commented on the
subject. In the midst of a heated con-
troversy a member of his suite declared
that the emperor was by far the most
good -natured. frank, just and reasonable
person Of all the Frenchmen on the
island
Admiral Cockburn acted as custodian
of Napoleon during the emperor's first
months on the island. He was an old
seaman who tried to appear bluff and un-
cultured and who often assumed famil-
lar air with the emperor. but his kindly
attitude toward Napoleon redeemed his
manners.
This friendly relation, however, did
not exist between the emperor and Sir
Hudson Lowe. who arrived at st. Helena
in the spring of 1876 Napoleon disliked
him from the start. He insisted that Sir
Hudson looked at him with the eye of
hyena. He declared the Englishman
was a bad man. and his hatred OF him In
creased with the years.
History records few more despicaole
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-03-03
TERRENCE vPowDER1x; Us k1rneRAr1on fpERr

the neighbors of this fruit grower pro-
tested against the presence of the Italian
and warned his employer that some MORN
ing he would tird his throat slit. The
employer, however had confidence in the
humble little Italian who worked so dill
gently among his trees. Years passed and
the Italian grew in favor with the or
chardman. In the end he suggested to
that man of wealth the purchase of a
rocky 4OO-acre abandoned farm adjoining
the orchard. The American failed to en-
thuse over the project, but Paro agreed
to buy from him half the tract. and in
the end he yielded. That was ten years
ago, and today ParO owns an excellent
orchard of 200 acres in bearing peach
trees. Incidentally, from this nucleus of
one thrifty Italian there has grown up a
settlement of 400 families in the neigh
borhood of South Glastonbury, and every
one OF these families is wringing excel
lent profits from these hillsides that the
native American had abandoned as
worthless. 1t is claimed of this settle
ment that not one individual in it has
ever been under arrest and that not one
has ever eaten a meal at the public ex-
pense. Here the Italian has realized the
best OF his ambitions in America, and
here is he most productive citizen of
his adopted country. This is the ambi-
ton that is in the mind of most such
immigrants.
Not long ago a neighbor of Paro's-an
American onion grower-fell i'll just as
his crop was ready to harvest. The Ital-
ian dropped in upon him after noting the
neglect of his crop and found the diff
Guilty. Next day twenty Italian farmers
with their wagons appeared upon the
scene, and before night the crop was not
only harvested. but the Americans little
plot Of land was ready. plowed for the
planting of other seed. The Italians re-
fused pay for the service rendered. These
men in their prosperity remembered the
story Of the Samaritan.
Just outside OF Boston there is a group
Of dozen Hungarian farmers. Last
year the house of one of these burned
down. Money lenders wanted per cent
interest on a loan sufficient to rebuild the
house. One of the Hungarian farmers
who had been upon this land but six
years Immediately appeared and loaned
his fellow-countryman 81, $50 at per cent
interest.
Throughout New England the abandon
ed farms of yesterday are becoming the
gardens Of today through the labors of
these foreigners. Strangely, 80 per cent
of these farmers are Polanders. Some
years back it happened that many indi-
vidual Polanders began small farming in
New England. They demonstrated to
their ellow-countrymen the profits that
the present tendency continues it is esti-
mated that in twenty years more the
Poles will own the great majority of the
farm lands of New England.
At Vineland. n. j.. there is settlement
of Sicilians which numbers 5000 The
real estate holdings of these Sicilians are
worth $4.000OGO. One family in a single
year established a record by producing
nine-thousand-dol worth of sweet po-
tatoes. Prosperity reigns throughout the