davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-02-04

that the noise from the aeroplane's en-
CINE drowned it out. Wireless, in fact.
seemed to be available only for sending
short messages to the earth.
With this system practically given up,
they tried the smoke system originated
years ago by the North American In
dams. This is based upon the long and
short dashes of the Morse signal code.
Smoke was generated in little caldron
about the size Of an ordinary teapot from
mixture of potassium bromide and
muriatic acid, and was liberated by long
and short puffs through a valve. AL
though the aeroplane, in flight practi-
cally counteracts the effect of the wind
for short distance in its wake, thus al
lowing the smoke puffs to remain in
their original form for a few minutes.
this system also possessed its defects in
limited vision.
The present equipment is therefore the
outcome of necessity. It has been so re-
duced in size that it may be packed in
an ordinary suit case. Three parts only
are necessary to complete the equipment.
The generator from which the power is
derived is small ball of iron castings
and electromagnetic which may be held in
the palms Of the hands. 1t is driven by a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-02-04
An Infa!IibIe Authority.

THREE men argued over the rronun-
citation of a fourth mans name. The
fourth man was not present. He was
prominent, but unknown to the dispu-
tants.
Wen settle this thing right now"
said one.
He called telephone operator on the
fourth mans exchange.
Say, Central. how do you pronounce
this name?' he asked.
He spelled it out. She told him. Her
pronunciation differed from anything pre-
viously suggested
But it is all right. I am sure" said
the man who had telephoned 'Th Sc
girls always know. They are an author
ity on the pronunciation of proper names.
man with funny name can't bear to
hear it called wrong, even over the PHI me,
and the first thing he does when he ac-
ouires the use of a new telephone is to
drill the operator on the correct pro-
nunciation."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-02-04
No More Rail Splitting.

s. A BRAH-AM LINCOLN as the cham
"A pion rail splitter would have little
chance today said the up-to-date
farmer. meditatively, because tnere are
few rails to split The old stake and-rider
fence. which formed an important part
in the development OF this country in the
way of hard work, is now a thing Of the
past.
1.-The time was when splitting rails
was profession. The scarcity of Tim
Der changed this. Then came the wire
fence. with occasional wooden posts, and
digging posthOles was a real art. Now
the wooden posts are disappearing, be-
cause of the expense. and the progressive
farmers are using wire fences with con-
crete posts. and the pouring Of concrete
is now one of the fine arts.
Edison killed two professionalism of
rail splitting, with the backaches accom-
panying II, and digging postholes. which
every one knows is u beautiful exercise"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-02-04
Good Business.

IT A. HARRIS. the champion pistol
IL shot, told shooting story at
supper in San Francisco.
There was party of amateurs here in
Frisco he said, who thought they'd
do some live pigeon shooting; so they
ordered thirty birds from suburban
dealer.
THE shoot came off duly. 1t was a
wonder. To give you correct idea of
ii. must quote from a letter sent by the
dealer to the amateurs the next day. The
letter ran:
Gentlemen: ] thank You for your
order, and beg to S ate that / will be only
too happy to supply you with birds for ali
future shoots. The entire thirty pigeons,
for which You paid me u cents head.
returned home safely. and moreover.
brought two strays with them. Ny price
to you hereafter will be one cent per
pigeon -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-02-04

more gold in the mint at Denver than
at any other one place in the world. In
the new treasure house of that mountain
city there was on the first day of the
present year $437 100000 in gold. Most
of this gold was at San Francisco at
the time of the disaster. Had the mint
at San Francisco dropped into a crack
in the earth at that time more than
$500 100000 in gold would have been lost.
But this greatest treasure Of Uncle Sam
remained intact. Afterward it was de-
cided that Denver was a safer city, not
only from the earthquake standpoint,
but because of it's immunity to attack
in time of war. The wealth of the Den
yer mint would be no small treasure to
be captured by a nation with which the
United States was at war.
Uncle Sam found himself SO weighted
down with his wealth at San Francisco
that it was no mean task to transport it
to Denver, a thousand miles away In
fact there were $50 tons of this gold to be
moved. This would make up just one
nice little freight train Of twenty nicely.
loaded box cars. But Uncle Sam was un-
accustomed to shutting solid freight
trains loaded with gold from one part of
the country to another. SO he decided to
let this transportation business out to an
express company. He found one that
could give an iron-clad bond for about Il
carload of gold and allowed this COM
pany to take the money through in piece
meal which it finally did.
X
*
In the Denver mint there are twin tiers
of vaults that are made as forbidding and
immune to attack as it is possible to
build. There are some thirty of these
vaults. In eleven of them there are
sealed $50 OOO, 600 each. When the money
is once checked in, these vaults are
sealed in such way as to make access
to their contents possible only through
the most elaborate ceremony. Other
vaults have smaller amounts. Finally
there is about $1OO, 600, 600 in gold bullion
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-02-04

fits. weighing not more than eighty
pounds is carried on two pack mules.
When a signal detachment stops in the
field to set up it's apparatus it first sets
up a mast composed of from five to eight
sticks that, when joined together. reach
a height of fifty more feet. While one
set of men are doing ths another opens
and adjusts the sending and receivins
sets, while still another sets up the little
dynamo. 1t can all be done in less than
five minutes. and while two men turn the
cranks that supply the sending current
another operates the key that places the
division or command within instant COM
munication with headquarters, perhaps
800 or 400 miles away.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-02-04

time. 1t will be tried on scouting and
reconnaissance work, covering the same
vast territory which the modern army
now covers in actual field work.
For instance. the aeroplane will fly
distance of 100 miles to the supposed
camps of an enemy, note the enemy s
position, defenses and numbers, and at
once SCI UP communication with it's head
quarters to give the information and re-
ceive further orders. This important fact
will be brought out-that without the
means of communication over such a dis
lance the aeroplane would have to con-
sumo several hours % return within sig
mailing distance, during which time the
whole position of an army might have
changed.
Furthermore, the operator is ION the
wing while he communicates with his
commanding officer. He merely presses
small lever and connects the generator
with the engine. Then il is only a matter
OF operating telegraph key and turning
d switch from one side to another in
order to send his information or receive
his orders.
Since the establishment of the labora-
tory at 18th and Pennsylvania avenue the
Signal Corps has developed several very
important appliances used in modern
military field maneuvers Twelve years
ago, when the United States cavalry were
often compelled to make rapid marches
throughout the provinces of the Philip
pines. they We're frequently handicapped
by the lack Of rapid communication. The
instruments that were then used were
bulky and the pack mules used to carry
them sometimes failed under their weight
Those that are used today are so light
that the little pack mules can gallop
along beside the troops with perfect ease
thus estab lishing in few moments COM
munlcatfon with any point along the line
For instance. the telegraph instruments
that were then used mea sured about five
inches wide ana eight inches long and
weighed about five pounds. The hand
telephones were as large as twelve by
eighteen inches and weighed ten or eleven
pounds. Since they have passed through
the shrinking process in the laboratory
they have decreased fully one-half in size
and weight, and have been combined into
one small set that may be packed in a
leather case not larger than five inches
wide and six inches long.
What this means to an active army in
the future is perhaps several points in
the winning of battles. Thus. the Signal
Corps company that now accompanies the
advance Of an army trails In It's wake a
fine wire which lies directly on the
ground, and connects at any moment
with the headquarters or any other di-
vision. The wire is SO fine and so well
insulated, in fact. that heavy teams may
drive over 1t without injuring it.
When communication is to be establish
er. an operator merely taps the wire and
connects his instrument. lie may use
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-02-04

either the telephone or the telegraph, and
establish communication within one OF
two minutes after Il halt is made.
Perhaps the greatest step toward the
perfection of the present aerCplane Wire
less outfit was the effort made to do
away with the necessity of carrying stor-
age batteries to supply the sending cur
rent in the field wireless sets. 1t was not
more than two years ago that the Signal
Corps field wireless outfits were Very
limited in their action. This was over
come by the designing of a generator
which could be turned by hand, and 1t
was given practical test during the late
maneuvers in Texas.
The whole of one of these modern out
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-02-04

come economically profitable. So may
new methods in mining make it poss BILE
in time to work ores that are toda Y
too low grade to pay and may the
eyer-increaSing production be augmented.
The effect of this outpouring of gold
has been upon the world very similar to
that which was produced in the prime pal
countries of Europe in the early fifties,
when streams Of new gold from Califo1 mia
and Australia made their first appearance.
In the late fortieS harvestS had been bad
and there had been Industrial depression
and political unrest in Europe. Political
agitation, extending in several countries
to attempts at revolution, prompted a
large degree by the desperate conditions
of the people, were general. Gold WAS
discovered in California in 1913 and in
Australia in 1851. These new fields were
soon producing and in the course of a
few years the gold reserves in the banks
of England and continental Europe were
gaining CONSIDERABLE proportions.
To get this idle money into use the
banks reduced their rates of inteesrt to
a very low level. Borrowers Immediately
appeared and soon this money had found
it's way into business Shipbuilders were
particularly active. This opened up new
orders of trade and new outlets for
activity. The farmer and t. merchant
followed the gold miner and production
along general lines took the place of
seeking after gold.
So has the appearance of great quanti-
ties of gold within the last two decades
unleashed industries without number The
gold production of 1S49 was but a
shadow of that of the past two decades.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-02-04
The Charity Plant.

p FULTON CUTTING, the president
~ of the Association for Improy-
ing the Condition Of the Poor gave a
good definition of charity I'm an address
in New York.
Charity" he said. ''is a plant which
takes root in the heart, grows in the
pocket and bears fruit in the hand.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-02-04
LEE NsCLUrIG TREASURER.
i OF Tie UNITED STATES

The treasures OF the world have been
filled with ever increasing gold. Inter
est rates have been lowered that this gold
might get into industry and added in
dustry created ever greater demands for
gold, md sent the interest charge back
to normal
Yellow gold is the symbol Of wealth and
security W hen held by bank. Ii is the
material of which bank reserves are
made. When a bank acquires addi-
tional 100000 of gold its capacity TO do
business is increased four times that
amount for the national banks are re-
quired to keep in reserve but - per cent
against deposits. and this is an average
rate. So 100000 in gold means the abil-
ity to do an added 100000 in business.
So does the addition of half a million
dollars in gold each year mean that the
commercial interests are able to operate
new business four times that great. and
two billions will do lot of business. SO
has the business activity of the world
been going forward at such a pace as to
make the financial head swim with diZzi-
ness. Hoarded gold is the basis of this
business.
For all this mass Of increasing gold one
man is responsible personally. The
treasurer of the United States. Lee Nc
Chung, gives his bond for it's safe keep
ing. His commission states that he
shall be responsible for all the moneys in
all the treasures and that in case of the
loss of any of it he is adjudged crimnally
liable. His only relief from criminal
prosecution under the law would lie
through Congress. If a dynamiter in San
Francisco blew open vault in the mint
and stole a bar of bullion Treasurer Nc
Chung could be held for embezzlement
under the law This is an antequated
law and should the emergency arise
Congress would probably relieve the
treasurer of responsibility.
!:
George r. Roberts, the director OF the
mint. is the next man i'm responsi".'it?
for the gold OF the nation. ii is under
his direction that the bullion is change
into coin. All the machinery that oper-
ates this change and all the safeguarding
that must Of necessity surround the oper-
atoms are under the direction of Mr..
Roberts.
These two men sit i'm their offices here
i'm the capital and watch the flow of the
yellow gold. They feel the rush of it and
prepare for the care of its vast volume.
They are the men who are estimating
the storage needed for future hordes.
They are the men most likely to look
into the vista of the future and wonder
what will be the end of the flood or gold
that is mounting ever higher But 1t Is
not for them to speculate upon god
Clutted future and possible results of tnat
glut upon the history OF business ana OIL
nations 1t is not for them to say that
the present high price of necessities is
or is not due to the present of great
quantities of gold and a consequent
cheapening of that standard of value.
This is field equally profitable for the
political economist and the ronancer, ana
the one throws down the gauntlet to the
other.
Copyright, 1912. by W. A. Du PuyD
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-02-04
The Grammar of 1t.

- GORGE AIDE, at a dinner in Chicago,
~ delivered an amusing little address
on grammar:
Don't he began-"dOn't say, Mamie
and me have been to church, when you
mean Mamie and have been to church.
Why, though. lie about it at all?
Don't use the word got too much. 1t
is inelegant Il have got a million is not
nearly so refined as 4 have million
From whom you got it-Leonidas Mer-
rift or John DIS, after all, nobodys
affair but your own.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-02-04
CENDING Wireless Mes.

CENDING Wireless Mes
- sages From an Aeroplane
Effect of Such a Develop
rnent in Warfare-First Ex-
periments Made Here in
Washington-The Obstacles
to Be Overcome Modern
Wireless instruments, and
How They Differ From
ThosE First Used-The Pig
my IN the Wireless Telegraph
World"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-02-04

U fly through space
and at the same
time carry on a
conversation with
ones brothers on
earth or i'm another
part of the limit
less space above
the earth Is the
latest step in aerial
navigation which
the United States
Signal Corps has
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-02-04

brought to practical standpoint The
aeroplanes so equipped will be great,
practical birds. TO speak. which will be
able to tell each other while yet miles lie
between them of holes In the air, or of
missiles i'm an enemy's army on the earth
below which are waiting to put holes in
them. And from the nature of their
equipment they will be able to talk
through greater space with the same
amount of power than would the same
machine on the earth's surface.
The instrument which is TO accomplish
such results is nothing more than what
might be called pigmy in the wireless
telegraph world. 1t is a tiny wireless
telegraph outfit and, like the dwafed
plants of the Japanese, il has required
much professional ability and a great
deal of experimenting to- shrink it to that
size and still retain its usefulness.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-02-04

marks thirteen miles. The result of the
test showed that the signals came clear
and loud, which gave promise of greater
distances with the instruments on the
as they would be in the case of ;teroplane
work, il is estimated that the radius Of
these small sets. which can be carried in
an ordinary suit case, will stretch over Il
distance of not less than eighty miles.
The Importance of such an equipment
of the modern army can hardly be esti-
mated. 1t markes an equivalent step to
agree with the advances made in ether
departments of the army, and not only
recent maneuvers of great military bod
les, but as far back as the Russo-Jap-
anese war events have demonstrated that
1t was to become positive necessity TO
the successful carrying on of Il military
campaign. Modern armies are large, and
the field maneuvers cover an area extend
ing over many square miles of territory.
In Texas during the recent assembly
of troops along the Mexican border Gen.
Carter's headquarters were in San An
tonic. while a PARTON of his command
operated along the Rio Grande at dis
tances varying from 200 to 100 miles
away. In some of the battles of the
Russo-Japanes war the firing line alone
extended oyer length of forty miles
more. If there ever was a time when
rapid communication was necessary 1t
was during those two cases. And that
communication applied not only to the
uItttiilS vi tie troops HlONtHltutS ITOI1
headquarters, but to the observance of
the movements of the enemys troops
1t is the aeroplane's mission to make
these observations. but the distances in
these cases are so great that it would
defeat the aeroplane's purpose If instant
communication were not available. The
efforts of the Signal Corps have therefore
been directed toward overcoming any
defect which the aeroplane might de-
velop from this source as an instrument
of war.
The little instrument upon which SO
much will depend in future operations in
the field has been developed to it's pres
ent perfected state by Maj. &. Nick.
Saltzman, the Signal Corps electrical
expert. in the laboratory under the
shadow of the War Department, by
which thousands of Washingtonians
have passed day after day without know
ing that therein was being rapidly formed
into some useful shape factor of war
which i'm the next conflict might turn the
tide of battles.
This has required many months of eX-
pertinent, Investigations and tests that
We're conducted much along the line of
Edison's tactics. That great inventor has
often said that In the development of
some of his most useful patents he has
tried 10000 experiments and yet not
found that which he sought. But he
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-02-04

Hanson who works in the coin vaults at
the Treasury. His sole business is to pile
great sacks of money one upon the other.
Coin in the great vaults is as treacherouS
as quicksand. These bags of silver and
gold must be carefully deposited or the
mass is likely at any time to shift and
come tumbling down upon the heads of
the workers. Not long ago a worker
in the mint at San Francisco was crush
ed and killed by having So. 100000 in gold
fall upon him. The trained men who
work in these vaults are ever watchfui
for the rattle of shifting coin which gives
warning of the approaching collapse of a
great stack of coin. Hanson is the past
master of the art of SO piling these sacks
Of coin that they will lie safely in place
He losses the sixty-pound sacks about
as though they were playthings and
wherever they are placed there they may
be depended upon to stay.
So the calling which Hanson follows
may be expected to increase as the years
pass. The gold production of America is
steadily on the increase. Africa. which
has doomed large in the production that
has given the world it's golden era. is still
turning out it's yellow flood without abate-
ment. Australia, of all the great produc-
ers. shows decline for the past year.
All the time there are new fields being
developed and all the time there are
greater chances of new discoveries. for
the world is being prOspected now as
never before.
Another element that has largely in
fluenced the output of gold IS the i'm
proved and cheapened methods of mill
ing. Since the cyanide method of reduc-
ton came into use at about the opening
of the golden era, hundreds of mines that
might not previously be worked have be-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-02-04

but two or three years before the world
is producing half billion in gold each
twelvemonth This means 965 tons of
gold. A decade hence the world will be
producing each year a thousand tons of
god. And the end will not have yet
come.
But this thousand tons of gold that is
being produced every year. Where is it
going? The answer is that it Is going
into the treasure houses of the nations.
Twenty years ago there was compare
lively little gold in the vaults of ma
tons 1t was about twenty years ago
gan adopting gold as the basis of their
currency. Since that time practically all
the great nations of the world have
gone upon the gold basis. They needed
great stores of god that might be held
in lieu of certificates of credit issued
against it, The treasure vaults of all
the world We're opened to gold and gold
responded at just the right moment and
has been pouring increasingly into them.
So has it recently come to pass that
here and there the world around have
been concentrated great amounts Of gold.
The United States has vastly more gold
than any other nation, but this is split
up among a dozen minis and treasures
claim the greatest amount Of gold under
a single roof.
This distinction belongs to France
and to Russia, which nations have about
equal amounts of gold. The Bank of
France and the Bank of Russia are the
greatest single treasure houses on earth.
There is about $500, 100000 in each Of
them, and concentrated under single
roof in each case. In these treasures
there is stacked up some 1,1JO tons of
gold in each case. 1t would take man
with a good wagon and team something
like two years % transport this money
dozen blocks as wheat might be hauled
from one granary to another.
After these two great banks there is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1912-02-04
World
production

SO has the volume of the world output
been mounting ever higher each year.
and so is it still mounting. 1t will be