The sun., 1912-08-09
JAPAN AND RUSSIA
JOIN AGAINST j. S.
Continued from First Page.

cOuntrymen. But after all Nj. IZvOlsky
is but the executor Of the will of the
Car, and 1t was currently feared In
Japanese Government circles that the
Car nursed desire for revenge. which
would take effect as soon as Russia
deemed herself really ready. And this
impression was confirmed by the de-
bates in the Council Of the Empire on
the Amoor railway bill. In the spring
of 1903 his Ma jesty himself had signified
his wish that certain measures should
be adopted without delay In the Far
East. Taken together, these projects
constituted a rounded scheme Of policy
the object OF which was unmistakable:
the double tracking of the Trans
Siberian line, the construction of an
other all Russian route to the Far East
to be known as the Amoor railway
and the bringing Of the army supplies
up to certain high standard. The
funds requisite for these enterprises
were computed at $15O.000.000. $780,
100000 and $150.000.000 respectively. or
$4O0.000.000 in all. These costly prep
arations were noted with dismay by
the Japanese, more especially as they
were frankly explained by the War
Minister to the Parliamentary Com
mittee Of Imperial Defences. What
Gen. Rucdiger said was that hostilities
would In all probability break out be-
tween Japan and Russia not later than
the year 1912 and that by that time
the railway must be ready.
Military considerations determined
the Russian Government to construct
the railway, which was envisaged from
the outset as purely strategic enter
prise. The Trans Siberian trunk line
Is useful in peace time. Ministers
argued. but only in peace time. During
a campaign 1t would be useless because,
as II passes through Chinese territory,
II cannot be employed to forward troops.
Therefore there must be new line,
which shall be Russian from terminus
to terminus. Gems. kuropatkin and
SubbOtitch were opposed to the scheme
as useless or worse. 1T Is open." they
said. ito the same objection as the
East Chinese line. viz. that the Japa-
nese would seize IL. once war were de-
clarcd." But the plan was finally
adopted by TIE Legislature. and there
was "A huttcr OF excitement in Toxic.
Apprehension was intensified later BY
the articles of NJ. Menshikof in sthe
NoroNc Eremyd forctelling another
war with Japan in couple Of years.
And as late as January, 1910, the
Russian press announced the struggle
as already in sight.
Regard L. $. With Appre hcnsion.
Meanwhile NJ. Izvolsky. the Cars
Foreign Secretary. and Baron Motono.
the Mikado's representative in ST.
Petersburg. were cxertipu
To the utmost to come to an all round
agreement. And received the first
news that they had succeeded. They
s;rack up an arrangement in the sum
mcr OF 1910 which l characterized at
the time as virtually dual alliance in
the Far East. And 1t was little less.
Old scores were wiped out and on a
clean slate the policy of the future was
outlined. They both looked toward the
nitcd states with apprehension. feel
ing that the chief political storms would
blow from there. Commercial and in.
dustr!al misrepresentation of the Far
East was the policy of the United
states. 1t was bound to he successful II
Japan and Russia kept apart. 1t could
and would be thwarted IL they COM
bined 10 withstand 1t. And seeing their
''''''s'' iiiVy ItSONcu 10 IuEtnpr II.
That was the main motive of their
rapproachement. When NJ. Knox came
forward with his proposal for the neu-
iralization Of Manchuria he literally
drove Japan and Russia into each
others arms. The abrogation Of the
treaty between the United States and
the czardom and the demand that Rus.
sia should modify her passport law in
order To admit Americas Jewish citi-
zens completed the work. To-day Rus
sia and Japan are united.
Prince katsura and Baron Goto
wanted to know for certain whether
there was any flaw in the friendship
struck up by NM. Izvolsky and Mo-
tono. And they have convinced them
selves that there is none. Russia is to.
da! as much in earnest as Nippon. She
will stand by her reighbor who Is to all
intents and purposes her ally. She will
resent interference in the Far East on
the part OF any Power or Powers that
may cross her path there. Japan will
do the same and each will uphold the
other. That in brief Is the groundwork
OF their accord. 1t is we'll worth con-
siderine, for 1t II become the pivot OF
the Far Eastern problem to-day. Japan
and Russia virtually said: I'VE two
WELD the power to mould political China
Let us do 1t. No nation. European or
American. can say us nay. We can dis
pose Of the most formidable land forces
on the globe. Our naval forces are also
very powerful and will soon become !r-
resistible there. Why. then. should we
hesitate to utilize these advantages to
the fullestc Why indeed? So they have
decided to utilize them.
Plans Adopted Concerning China.
But besides this general agreement
there has been a thorough exchange OF
views as to the concrete contingencies
that may be realized in China in the
near future. And here the attitude, or
one had better say. the tendencies Of the
two states were not identical at first.
Russia Is content to watch and wait
until circumstances manifestly compel
her to act. Japan while also assuming
an eXpectant attitude is desirous of
drawing line beyond which forebear-
ance should cease. "China." say Prince
katsura and Baron Goto. "is in process
OF transformation. And no country can
pass from an estate of pupilage which
endured for thousands Of years to con-
dition Of freedom and democratic self
government without spasms and aches
and paroXysms. China's chaos Is
consequently natural. They illustrate a
general law. But ON the other hand, the