Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1912-11-19
KINGS OF THE BALKANS.
Tho Four Rulers Who are Prosecuting
the War Against Turkey.

King Nicholas of Montenegro ha.
been ruling for the last fifty two years
although he has enjoyed the title onl,
since Aug. %, 1910. He acceded to tn,
head Of the government in 1860 fol.
lowing the death of his uncle, Danilo
who had been shot by a Montenegro
whom he had exiled.
For just forty years of his reign hi
was known simply as Prince Nicholas
In 1900 he assumed the title Of "roya
highness" and ten years later a decree
announced that he was thereafter tc
be king.
Shortly after the accession of Mich.
olas an insurrection broke out in Her
zegovina, and the sympathy which the
mountaineers displayed with their
Christian kinsmen led to the country's
rupture with Turkey. The war re-
suited disastrously for the young ruler
and severe terms were imposed on the
principality by the convention Of Sou
tari.
During the fourteen years of peace
which followed, the country suffered
greatly from pestilence and famine
Within this period the prince carried
on series Of reforms. He e-organ-
lied and re-armed his army, initiated
an educational system and granted q
constitution under, which he surrender
ed various prerogatives to the senate.
In 1869 the Krivoshians rose against
the Austrian government, and the
prince had his hands full preventing
his subjects from going to the aid Of
their neighbors to the north.
In 1875 Prince Nicholas formed an
alliance with Prince Milan of Servia
and declared war against Turkey. He
led an army into Herzegovina and cap
tured MEDIUM. The Servian army suf-
fered heavy reverses during the cam
paign, and an armistice was arranged
in November of that year.
During the following year the deter
mination Of Russia to take the field
against Turkey encouraged Nicholas to
renew hostilities against the Ottoman
arms. The prince captured Nikshitch.
Autivari and Dulcigno. He also recov-
cred the seaboard which had belonged
to Montenegro during the middle ages.
With the exception Of some troubles
on the frontier Nicholas has enjoyed a
peaceful reign since 1880. He has been
rated as an autocratic ruler, but the
country has advanced materially in
prosperity during his reign.
The marriage of Princess Helen,
daughter of Nicholas to King Victor
Emmanuel of Italy in 1896 led to an
increase Of Italian influence in Mon
teneEq.
Tho King Of Greece.
George l., king Of the Greeks, was
born in 1S45. He Is the second son
Of King Christian Of Denmark. Fol-
lowing the expulsion of King otho in
1862 the Greek nation elected the Brit
ish Prince Alfred, duke of Edinburgh,
| to the vacant throne, and when he re-
fused the proffered honor they re-
quested Great Britain to name can
didate. The British government chose
Prince Christian William Ferdinand
Adolphus George Of Schleswig- Hol-
stein -Sonderburg- Glucksburg, whose
election as king of the Hellenes with
the title George I. was recognized by
the powers in June, 1863.
A few months before the accession
of the new ruler, his sister Princess
| Alexandria, had married the prince Of
| Wales, afterward King Edward VII Of
England, and his father succeeded to
the crown of Denmark during the fol-
lowing November.
Upon his accession George signed an
act resigning his right to the throne Of
Denmark in favor of his younger BROTH
| er, Prince Waldemar. He was popu-
lar ruler from the first. He adopted as
the motto of his reign, MY strength
Is the love Of my people," and he has
ruled in strict accordance with consti-
tutional principles.
King George was married on Oct. q,
| 1867, to the Grand Duchess Olga Con-
stantinovna Of Russia. The queen has
become distinguished in Greece for her
activity on behalf Of charitable OBJ
jects. Their children were Prince Con-
stantine, duke Of Sparta; Prince
George, Prince Nicholas, Prince An
drew, Prince Christopher and Princess
| Marie.
Ieopold of BULGARIA..
Macmillan Karl Leopold Maria Fer
dinand, king of Bulgaria, was born
Feb. 26, 1861. and ascended the throne
| in 1887. For twelve years he ruled
under the title of prince, but In 1899
the grand sobrayne confirmed the title
of royal highness to Ferdinand and his
heir. Four years ago he proclaimed the
independence of Bulgaria and took the
title Of king.
Ferdinand was carefully educated In
his youth. He early exhibited a taste
for natural history and is now rated
as a scholar in this branch Of learning.
In 1879 he took a trip to Brazil, and
the results Of his botanical discoveries
in that country were published in 1883
and widely circulated.
He was serving as a lieutenant OF
the Austrian hussars when he was, by
unanimous vote Of the national assem-
bly,, chosen as prince to succeed Primo;
Alexander, who had abdicated on Sept.
7, 1887. For a while the young ruler
was kept busy putting down. revolu-
tions, but the porte and the great pow
ers confirmed his election in 1895.
The prince was married on April 20,
| 1893, to Marie Louise de Bourbon, eld-
est daughter of Duke Robert of Par
ma. Ferdinand had adhered to the Ro-
man Catholic faith, but his son and
heir, the young Prince Boris. was re-
ceived into the Orthodox Greek Church
in 1896.
In 1908 Ferdinand was married TO
Eleanor, a princess Of the house OF
Reuss.
Peter Karageorgevich.
The accession Of Peter Karageorge-
yich as king of Servia followed the
| osso scinotion of King Alexander and