El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1912-04-22

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those who gain a practical expert
IxnoN-Iedge of them. While the under
graduate courses in science are
general, elemental and often nm I'm.
IN anv science followed to the
extent which is now possible IN
any one of the great American unlYer-
stiles NAV be made to yield liberal
co1,DeDssfiOn aside from the pleasure
gained in the pursuit OF a cohsehiaL
study. With the interest taken Dy
wealthy men in the various lines OF
advanced scientific research comes the
need for competent men. This means
liberal remuneration for the new pro-
fessiOn.
There is no science which offers so
many ODpOrtunitfeS for the development
of practical results as chemistry in It's
various branches. Industrial chemistry
IS each day making changes IN lhe pro-
ductiOn and composition OF arucles %
commercial importance. Some OF lIle
universities now have chairs OF 1elloW-
ships for research in Industrial chen-
istry which are supported either Dy
commercial organizations or private IN
dividualS.
Conserving By-PrOduets.
Great attention is being given IN the
industrial world to the utilization OF
by-products which are now DelnS
wasted in many lines Of technlcaI
work. The laboratories Of all OF the
universities are considering this need
In one university the students are
searching for an expert means OF re-
covering the by-prOducts from IlS
wash palm oil used in the tin plate
industry, which would result In the
saving of thousands of dollars annu-
ally. Another laboratory is consider
ing the contamination Of eggs and tna
best means OF overcoming IT,
The University Of Kansas has now II
of these Industrial chemistry fellow
ships, each of which is conducting re
searches with a view to some economic
benefit There is Il Laundry fellowship
which is studying the chemicals utll-
lied in laundry work with view TO
lessening the wearing OF the fabrics
handled. Farmers will all be inter
ested in the fellowship established for
research for a new diatese with an
attempt TO produce fodder Of scientific
principles and also with the one IN
quest Of the best method of utilizing
buttermilk. primarily casein ana lac
tic acid. Each Of these feloWships VIII
paw the student $500 per year with
10 percent interest In the discovery
when perfected.
The National Master Bakers assOcia-
ton has established fellowship with
the object Of not only improving the
chemistry Of bread but also prOTid-
ing for the association trained expert
on whose judgment they can rely In
vestigatiOns as 10 the constituents OF
crude petroleum. the relations be
tween the optical properties Of glass
and its chemical qualities, new uses OF
Portland cement and means Of lmproy-
ing fl. the chemical treatment Of woods
and their results and new uses Tor
ozone are among the other subjects II
research work in the University OF
Kansas.
Cutting Down the Gas Bill.
One of the most important matters
affecting the householder is the gas
bill, and several Of the universities are
planning TO lessen this by the more
complete utilization Of all the by-pro-
ducts in gas manufacture and also 10
secure more efficient and economical
methods for its distribution The use
of gas for illumination has been les
sened by the electric light. and gas
manufacturers realize that there VIII
be still less demand for II in the fU-
ture If some effective means cannot be
found for lessening the expense Of It's
production. Therefore. the utilization
Of gas by-prOducts is considered a
promising subject for study in q num-
Der Of the universities.
Some Experts In Demand.
The demand for expert bOtanistss Z
biologists and psychologists is IN .
creasing so rapidly that any person /
with a taste for either of these sub /
1ects runs small risk in choosing It I
for a livelihood BOtanists capable OF I
conducting research work are needed I
by the federal government in estimat- 4
ing the value Of its newly acquired tex
ritory in the tropical countries just IS I
expert biologists were called from uni I
VerSities to estimate the coal resources ]
Of Alaska. The recent demands for IN ]
creased botanical knowledge has placed /
botany on the list Of commercial SCI I
ences. The dearth Of knowledge re-
spectng tropical flora has caused
some Of the universities TO arrange \
special courses in this subject Soma
OF them are equtpping large green !
houses for the accommodation 81
tropical plants. Several companies have
been formed which are sending bOtan-
lists to the Philippine islands for the
purpose of studying the faorlc-pro-
ducing plants, their methods of culture
and means of Improvement There are
several plants native to those ISLANDS
which produce a fibre more EaluaDIe
than linen for clothing material ana
they viii be the subject of much oOtan-
ical study in the near future
Developing Rubber in Mexico
The development of the India rubber
industry in Mexico, chiefly Dy ALherl-
can capitalists, has called Tor research
work regarding the properties OF run
Der, the cultivation OF the plants ana
other matters requiring expert chsIn-
ical and botanical knowledge Inc
possibility Of the development OF india
rubber Industries in Ponama, just ad-
Joining the canal zone renders thls
subject especially timely
In the study Of physics attentlon Is
given from the first TO It's pracucAl
possibilities. The quantity OF steel ana
iron used in the construction or build
lngs calls for some POSITIVE means Oh
determining flaws and strains \ rev
the st. Lawrence river at quebec broke
when il was about half completed ana
"A men lost their lives II has been
discovered that the breakage was due
to impcrfection in the rivets- Now an
other attempt is to be made and this
time the bridge commission mas re-
Quested the University Of Illinois %
make a test Of the rirets and bolts 10
be used in its construction
Concrete Tests
The University Of Illinois is also CIV
ing special attention to the testing OF
concrete. In its experimental laoora-
tory they are smashing up concrete
columns % feet long and foot square.
Orders are broken and twisted 10 De
termine qualities Of durability and re-
sistance One huge instrument takes
column Of concrete and pushes down
and IN on il 500. 600 times day with
out ceasing at night or on sunday. un-
til the material loses its resistance and
falls to pieces.
The effects OF electric discharges up
on solids and liquids is another sub
ject receiving expert attention In
the universities DIT. T. w Brown. Of
the United States navy, Is this year
conducting some experiments at the
Laboratories Of Cornell university for
TIT