The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1912-11-02


years. to the time when Mohammed
: rode into the great cathedral church OF
= ~. sophia ana stopped the massacre of
= the Christians who had taken refuge
= there after the capture of Constanti-
nople by the Turks.
Indeed, 1t began long before that for
. before the Turks could get Constants
h nople. they had made extensive con-
quests In the country to the West. Now.
with the command OF the great city OF
p the Byzantine emperors. they pushed
their conquests with magnificent cour-
t.age and daring. The world knows how
the high tide of the Crescent swept back
the armies of the Cross to the gates of
Vienna. to the Northern hills Of Spain
and throughout North Africa, while
Mcslem raiders landed on every coast
of the Mediterranean.
But the change of flag did not change
the people. They remained Spanish.
n Servian, Observation-Disclosures they
happened to be. So In time the Span
isrds drove out the Mooors. having q
'ruder but stronger constitution. less
Slapped by luxury. In European Turkey
!, the natives did not for a long time drive
the Turks back. because they were di-
vided In counsels and were kept apart
by jealousies. But the Turk never cx-
terminated them or sought to COLOMBO
! his own people in their lands. The
Turks remained q not very numerous
! race. q race of military conquerors.
proud, naughty. generous. tolerant OF
other religions IN the main. but spread
! out thin over their conquests. This
wss to be their undoing. They did not
people the land. They garrisoned II.
"a Until 1908. the year of the Young Turk
rebellion, the Turkish army had never
admitted the Christian subjects of the
Empire to its ranks. 1t included wild
Albanians from the West of the Euro
pean empire; Arabs. Kurds. Arm enians
who spostatized; a strange mixture OF
races and tongues; but no Christians
OF the type who have just now proved
themselves such wonderful warriors.
10 What was the result? In spite Of oc-
cAsional massacres by Wild. Aslatic
troops. and In spite OF rebeilions cruelty
depressed. the Christians kept on breed
ing and increasing In numbers, while
the ruling race spent Its strength in
q lighting and wasted Its moral forces IN
4 polygamy In spite Of the purchase or
capture OF many women from Circassia
and elsewhere. the Turks have not for
years been a prolific race, though, they
have become a very handsome and
manly one: one OF the best bred, in
Europe.
= THEN CAME THE AID OF WEST.
49, ERIN NATIONS.
ALL hA he
d, Christian subjects OF the Sultan might
never have won their freedom. But
little by little the Christian sentiment
OF Western Europe. as old as the CRU
sades. was reinforced by the classic
sentiment imbuing the lovers Of Greek
poetry and art. In the bloody struggle
which freed Greece. first OF the Balkan
2 nations. the Turks might have won
= once more as they had so often done but
/ for the aid OF the Western nations
This aid was not only rendered by the
Engiish Lord Byron. by the American
Samuel q. Howe husband of Julia
Ward Howe) and by others from many
lands; It was rendered later by English
fleets and other signs the Turks could
not disregard. The first King of Greece.
IN token Of German aid. was d Bavarian.
The present king Is also German. He
mas not a drop OF Grecian blood.
Roumania was another Balkan king
!, ON that won her freedom fairly early
n in the last century by the aid Of Russia.
6hs became first a tributary principally
10 Turkey, then kingdom. King Carol.
Or, Charles. a gallant German who in
hertted warlike dash from a French
mother, rendered valuable service to the
Russians In 1877 and In the settieme nt
that followed her freedom was con-
Lirmed; Russia stole q slice of her terri
tory in Bessarabia. recompensing her
With another slice of Turkey In the Do
Xbrudja, the fiat country on the sea next
1.-The present Bulgaria.
ssrvia also had won a precarious free
ydon: and like Roumania and Montene-
gro. always free because OF her shelter
II ing mountains. Servia fought back the
Turks In her neighborhood. In the end
OF the war Of 1877 Russia would have
taken Constantinople with the aid OF all
these little peoples IL the other powers
n had not scared Russia back. THE
&trsaty of San Stefano that followed
Hnade Bulgaria semi-ndependent
Municipality tributary to Turkey and
assigned to her territories running right
roen to the Aegean Sea.
1EvicKED THINGS DONE By CON.
ri GREss OF BERLIN.
~ The rest OF Europe feared that Russia
v ght get Constantinople by aid OF the
gratitude OF the liberated little peoples.
so the Congress of Berlin was called.
D.sraeli for England and Bismarck for
Germany were the giants OF the Con-
cress; and they with Austrias aid did
these wicked things:
|. They sanctioned the robbery OF Rou-
Hmania by her ungrateful ally In the
Ia ecent fighting about .Plevna, Russia.
a g They cut down Bulgaria to less than
kpne-third her proper size; about one
TWif what she Is to-day.
va They gave Austria leave to occupy.
t-1stntly with Turkey, the districts OF