The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1912-06-06

be siren1.t,ncd and states the coz
rQspondIrc 'n1ds ihaf win ba ca1rief
safely. That IS the simple beam u
lrches By Il inches square and - feel
betFeen points q support win carry
81 lely concentrated load Of one and
zone hair tons at It's center, while II tie
same beam BE- made Into q King posi-
beam ~ pas sing nj lelIie d the beam
q one inch steel r6d. which & made
81 at eitheF end of the beam. ana Ia,
-serting q &c i under me load ii
Ae center ot the beam. than such q
beam VIII carry Ahout two ana three
quarter tine as much. OH load 81
three and three quarter tons. SAFELY,
while 4 the same beam be built into
q King truss beam the load concen;
trated NJ tie center may then be IN.
creased 10 nine tons.
The best culterts and smaller BRIDGES
are built tof enforced concrete The
cost IS great than for woo den or pipe
colstfucti61s III tie b ii aace but
81 well built there shonla BE no fur
ther cost for repairs That a, 1.-THE frss
cost Is the last cost. while durability
and safety are Secured nom the ont.
set.
Good materials, Consisting Of crush.
ed stone 81 gravel. SAND ana portland
cement ana water arere9uifed fo cod.
crete, peformed. steel rods imbedded
fl the concrete afe Used for siren u.
sening the cover spans. The smlxinE q
these materiais into concrete, and plac.
ing itsln the forms are extremely sim.
pie matters after they. are once wei
understood, but neyertheless should not
he undertaken BIZ one who Is unfamii.
lar with the use II concrete.
There are three general kinds OF con.
crete cuiyerts which are known as the
concrete box type. They are bttfit foi
the smaller sizessup 70 suchf as haye In
opening about four feet by six feet
vide. For sizes above that the fioor Il
usually lee on where It is not needed
to project the fodRdation, or paving
may be- subst ca for IT. The iiooE
,nndt side walls NE constructed cf con,
crete with or without metal re enforce.
1nent usually without such re-enforce.
ments 4 Tie prof oftions Of concrete
used for tie floor ana side walls arc
usually. a., 8, g. that Is, one part W
measure OF pottiands cement three
parts by measure of san d and & parts
by measure Of crushed stone Of gravel.
For spans above terror twelve feet the
cover needs to Be Sire gthened With
concrete beams. This ype is known
Is the concrete T beam nom its resem.
sblance to4tiie capitdl letter They are
placed adjacent to each other, the dis.
tauee from center TO center depending
upon the load lileh the 6ridgetis exl
peefed to carry = IS ';'Fs s p &
h The best typo DC concerts aulEerts;for
,slaps from ten seat Up to- thirty feel Ii
Tie steelI beam itieas ed D, concrete: sas
shown In Zig, i, Here the concrete
floor -destghed to carry the load
across the span from one beam to an.
fother while, the steel I beams carry
tile load from cse abutrnant to the. 9th.
or. II often happens that the culverts
ttte built on yielding foundations and
that the abntInehts sometimes settle,
causing cracks TINT would be danger.
ous ia some TYPES 6t cuiyerts, but It Is
tic ability Of thet steel Ibehm type to
withstand such conditions as these Just
stnena oned that md hes Il the best type
to- bitId sE'Iie q beams are incased. In