davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-02-03
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sure to be with Hogg. He spent many happy hours in Hogg's room chat ting. eating queer meals and slum- bering near a fire so that Hogg boast ed to Shelley More than once have l saved you from an untimely death" These two young men took long walks together and spent many a pleasant hour admiring those splendid regi- ments of turrets and gazing upon the beautiful carvings found on tn fla cades and towers.
 There are many handsome build ings at Oxford but none finer than Madeline College, called Madlum by the English. Its magnificent chapel Is so tall and graceful that 1t gives strength and character to the ntire building. There is a charming GUS tom associated with this college. Every May the choir boys ascend to the tower and sing their carols and their anthems. This custom Is sup posed to date from the days of Henry VII. The hall of Madeline is not to be passed by Lnnoticed for it is one of the finest pieces of Gothic archi- lecture in England.
 The history of Cam mbridge is equally interesting. This University is sup posed 10 have been founded by a Spanish prince. though many say that it was the centre of the Roman roads. It was probably at first part Of an old monastery. and when some of the Oxford students fled they came here. Emanuel College is the most interesting to American students. it was here that John Harvard. the founder of Harvard College, went to
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-02-03

IbIe colored pottery, axes. grinding stones and wooden objects for do- mestic use have been found here. These are labeled and preserved in various museums in the East. This ruin has been thoroughly renovated. much work done in propping walls. and the different rooms have been marked with the name for which they were used so that visitors may get an idea of the life and habits of the mysterious race that once lived here. The people who built this House are supposed to have been fairly develop ed, for their dwellings are con structed better than those of latter day Indians The McElmo Canyon, about forty miles away, contains sirni- lar kinds of cliff ruins but instead of placing them under cliffs they built their dwellings on the rocks and con structed huge watch towers from which they overlooked the surround ing country. Southern Utah is also a rich field for the archaeoIogists and later some of these ruins will be pre- served. The Grande Gulch of the San Juan. near which are the famous Natural Bridges. has walls a thou sand feet deep dotted with cliff vil- Iages.
 Though the cliff ruins of the Mesa NerQo are III a DSIleE SldIS or pTeSST- vatiOn and have had more repairs given them they are not so great in extent as those in the Pajarito dis trict. These last are on a yeIlow-grey elevation near Santa Fe, known as the PajaritO Plateau. These old com munity houses are on the top and faces of cliffs. Some are arranged in Spanish type around a patio or court, and all are several stories high and contain ten to twelve rooms. It has been estimated that these dwellings in cliffs extend for a hundred miles. But the continuation of the various known ruins of the Southwest is found in Rito de los Frijoles. In a canyon. Instead of cliff, there are at least fifteen villages within a radius of a mile. 4 waterfall guards and renders impassa ble one end of the canyon and the walls rise sheer for five hundred feet. Because it is thought that the old town witt it's terraced houses and neighboring villages may throw some light on it's ancient inhabitants exca- vations have begun
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-02-03

exposed to rain and wind and in stead of using brick as in the Casa Grande. Portland cement was largely employed and runways were made to carry off the water. In some sections whole walls were built, parts were built to their former height, and as the ruin is very large and was con siderably demolished quite an outlay has been put upon it. The masonry in this structure is the best found in the Southwest and where the paint ed clustering had been defaced the government repaired the walls so that it is hard to tell where the old stops and the new begins. In this Palace are ninety-two secular rooms and twenty-three kivas, or ceremonial rooms. The whole immense ruin has taken much work and careful super vision to try to bring it into some sort of condition which will show its origi- nal purpose and at the same time pre- serve 1t for the future.
 Quite as interesting have been the repairs on Spruce Tree House, which is also under an overhanging cliff. This ruin consists of many buildings di- Vided into sections by a street. There are plazas, and courts, balconies, cir cular rooms, mortuary rooms, and lodging houses. There are at least seven kivas-those mysterious rooms dedicated to religious rites. Remark
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-02-03

and beautifully carved. It was re- modelled in Gothic on a large scale. but the new part is really less beauti- full. This college instead of being founded by a king or a great man was endowed by a guild, an important in stitution in those days. The build ings are simple but we'll built. This college has graduated many men whC later became famous, perhaps the bes; known are the two great English play wrights. John Fletcher and Christo- pher Marlowe. The least known, but two very interesting colleges are fOl women. Newham and Gerton. These buildings are built of brick instead of stone. They are in lovely Queen Anne style with plenty of windows. New ham has grown until it is now one of the largest and most attractive of all the colleges. The dining hall with its many light windows and long tables is attractive. Most of the suites in the women's dormitories consist of a neat study and a cozy bedroom. The women studying here take their lec- lures in the different mems colleges They pass the same examinations. but they are only given a certificate in stead of the diploma.
 The social life both at Oxford and Cam bridge Is certainly charming. This is in part due to their beautiful sur roundings and because the English believe in rest and recreation from work. In selecting ones college it IS largely a matter of tradition. A man often goes to one or another place be- cause his family have gone there for many generations. Then there are the
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-02-03

ruin in that part of Arizona to be preserved and after extended investi-
 gation it was thought best to begin repairs that this old house might stand as a type and show what other ruins looked like at one time. When repa..'s were begun on this home of a van ished race 1t was discovered that the construction was unique. Instead of brick. a sort of clay moulded into blocks made on the ground was used. It somewhat resemb bles concrete, is exceedingly hard and in this case the blocks are about four feet square.
 It seemed unwise to the experts 10 try to make a similar material or ce- ment for repairing. They therefore decided to brace up such walls as needed reinforcement and to repair with brick, especially as most of the work was necessary near the base of the structure. They could do this without materially altering the ap- pearance. but when 1t came to the roof the work was not so easy. After considerable thought 1t was decided to place a corrugated iron roof over the whole pile. This is not an addi- ton to the looks or the ruin, but it will insure protection from rain and wind and in this instance picturesque ness had to give way to utility. At any rate it will preserve the queer blocks or cajon of which the struc-
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-02-03

school. The most beautiful part of this building is the chapel built by Wren. It contains a wonderful paint ing of the prodigaI son. The gallery also has some of Gainsborough and Lilly's great masterpieces; while the library Is rich in the manuscripts of Wycliffe. the English bible. the Old and New Testaments.
 Kings is one of the oldest of the colleges. It was founded in the fifteenth century and in a small way. The chapel is the oldest and only original part of the building that is standing It is a wonderful piece of Gothic architecture. At the four cor ners are great ' octagonaI turrets capped by lofty cupolas. The hall and library are beautiful rooms ceiled with fine wood. The library has about twelve thousand books besides a large collection of valuable manuscripts.
 The best known of all the Cam bridge colleges is Trinity, which lies west nearly to the river bank. It is supposed to have been built by Henry VII about the middle of the sixteenth century. The most interesting part is the chapel in Tudor Gothic style. Here are seen the statues of Newton, Bacon. Macauley and other celebrated men who were students there. In the centre of the court is beautiful foun- tain. il is a charming sample of Renaissance style.
 Corpus Christi is another of the col leges with a long and interesting his tory. The oldest part of this building was built in the early part of the 16th century. It is worn with age
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Another important place for an- tiquites is Chaco Canyon in Northern New Mexico and near Aztec are ruins to which one can easily walk. These show various rooms, fire places, etc, but the number or rooms has not yet been determined.
 Who were these ancient people? At first they were thought to be an cestors of the present-day Indians of the Southwest, but now archaeoIoglsts are not so sangu4ne. The skulls of the latter day Indians are shaped diff ferently. It is evident that they had reached sort of civilization: the household utensils, clothing, etc, in dicate this. They also cultivated the ground as shown by irrigation ditches and a few peach trees. probably ia- troduced by Spaniards, which still re- main. The Smithsonian Institute is Investigating and expects to continue. The present conclusion is that this race of people were obliged to slowly migrate on account of changes in climate which injured the water sup ply and slowly dried up the land and that they mingled with the other races around. Some are supposed to have drifted to Hopi, Arizona and along the Rio Grande.
 What language did they speak? As yet no one can tell. But investiga- tors are hopeful and many ruins have not yet been explored, others per haps not found. Many revelations may come in the future. With excavations going on in Mexico, Egypt, Athens and other places we ought to spare no pains to bring to light all that can be known regarding our own antiqui- ties. The few persons who visit these prehistoric towns and dwellings ought to become many. If the most strik- ing ruins-it would take many, many years and much money to D. eserve aH-are protected by the government they will give an idea of the rest. Re cent excavations are bringing much valuable material to light and in time we may know more of the mysteries of our own country. parts of which abound with wonders.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-02-03

- OW would you like to stand in a kA dwelling occupied over sir thou
 sand years ago? To walk from A y room to room, balcony to bal cony, conjecture as to who occupie them, and wonder as to the habits and customs of people who have var ished off the face of the earth? All this is being accomplished extensively by persons who cross the water to visit Egypt and is being done IT. a more limited way by those who under stand that we in this country have as Interesting ruins as those abroad Some day the tourist will find them out Today they are visited by learn ed men of our government and the Smithsonian Institute who are -restor- ing part of them. A curious thing in this connection Is that it took Swed- fsh baron to draw the attention of American people 10 these ancient ruins of our Southwest. Here we were racing over to his and adjacent coun- tries for scenery and curiosities and he came over here and showed us we had as much or more at home
 In fact some of the weirdest sights of the whole world are in our South west and the most interesting work in which our government is today occupied is the restoration of old pre- historic, buried and partially buried. cities which are in Colorado. New Mexico. Arizona and Utah. These are communities or cities that existed thousands of years ago, and contained people organized into a well con- ducted community life. As the gov ernment of the United States, aided by scholars, has started to protect these ruins. the attention of students. literary men and scientists is directed to them. Some are six and eight htcthou- sand years old. for it is known that the San Ildefonso tribe occupied its present site before the Spanish con quest and along the Rio Grande are evidences of habitatlons which arche- ologists claim were lived in six thou sand years ago. Thousands of years before Christ people lived and joyed and sorrowed and died in an era we are just beginning to settfe. ]1<.s
 Just at present much interest is be- ing directed to certain work going on
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-02-03
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70 HERE is so much poetry, charm and romance associated with A Oxford and ambridge Col
 ~ Ieges that it isadiff1cuIt to know where to begin and where to end. An American ought to spend four weeks between these two groups of colleges and then he would excIaim, "I shall never see 1t an." This is because sWhere'er we tread, 'tis haunted, holy ground"
 If he would see these colleges at their best, let him visit them in the spring when the foliage has burst into bloom or in the early fall when the grounds are alive with men walking. chatting or playing match games of tennis or hockey. After he has watched hundreds of students out on the green, he will say that the beau tiful buildings are only a part of this charm. It is the wonderful grounds that mean so much to these men. Wherever the eye looks it sees green rows of largo, beautifully trimmed trees and harmless looking sheep hid den by the great trunks of trees. A man must have little romance and poetry in his soul if he can not be wooed and won by the richly carved turrets. the tall, graceful towers and the velvety sward smiling and laugh ing everywhere They call the men from their grind and study into the open, until every student is alive and his soul throbs with a deep and true affection for Nature.
 This Is one reason why Oxford and Cambridge are able to boast that they have among their sons so many great poets. Even those who have not been called to express this feeling in verse know it. Their eyes are ever on their Alma Mater and they use every pos sible excuse to go up to their college for a few days to refresh themselves with memories made new.
 F A great many stories are associated with the building of these two great colleges. Perhaps the most charm ing told of Oxford is the story of St. Frideswyde. the daughter of pidan. She took the veil here and the father disliking that she was subject to her interiors built her a church of her own. She was so attractive that in spite of her wish to be a nun che had many suitors. There was ope called Agar. King of Leicester. who insisted that would marry her. The story goes that he annoyed her so much she finally took refuge in a shelter for swine in the woods. Still
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-02-03
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he followed her until he was stricken with blindness. She, did not return for three years and when she came back the people welcomed her. When she died they buried her in the church, of winch small part still remains.
 The early buildings of Oxford have disappeared entirely, but there are plenty of landmarks left to narrate the story and struggles of its existence. The colleges vie with one another boasting of the famous men and wom- en who lived in their dormitories. re- cited in their class-rooms and wiled away many happy hours on the green. Johnson heads that list at Pembroke College. He went up when he was nineteen and was then famous for his classic reading. Hea was fined more than once for cutting lectures. Boswell tells us that on one occa- sion he complained in some such words as these, sir. you have sconced me two pence for non-attendance on a lecture not worth penny
 So many poets have graduated from one and another of these col leges that would be impossible to count them all. The best know of these are certainly Shelley and Lan- dor. Shelley was a great favorite in the hall of University College in spite of his shy and modest manner. He held all the fellow-students spell bound by his easy way of talking when he discussed Greek philosophy. Italian poetry and Plato. Though Shelley knew little about happiness later he was very happy at Oxford. Hi5 friend Hogg was very dear to him and contributed much to his happiness. This is shown by the fact that when he was not out-of doors walking and composing poetry he was
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-02-03
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at some of these prehistoric monu ments. a few of which are in national parks. It seems pity to change any of these runs. to use modern methods of restoration. and great efforts are being made to repair them without altering their appearance. But it Is desirable to preserve what Is called the major antiqufties-the walls. roofs, fire places. etc.-and to restore cer- tain ruins that they may be kept as specimens in situ. In some instances. as in Spruce Tree House. type" ruin from which people gain an idea of the other antiquities of the Mesa Verde National Park, the rooms, kivas and different parts are labeled so that one can understand what diff ferent parts of the dwelling were used for. All repair work has been done under the direction of competent men selected by the Secretary of the Smith sonian Institute. the Superintendent of the National parks where the ruins are situated, and voluntary help from the Peabody Museum of Harvard Uni versity.
 The latest ruin to be preserved is the Casa Grande in Arizona which has the distinction of being one of the few places mentioned in accounts of the Spanish invasion of our South
 
 of the large ruins. such as Cliff House and Spruce Tree House have not been mentioned in Spanish works. The Casa Grande was visited by a Spanish missionary and served as a place of defense against wandering tribes. The whole collection of ruins occupies many acres, but the name Casa Grande is usually applied to one large structure, which has stood the test of tino better. than its neighbors. Its walls rise, over twenty-five feet, it has rooms fifty feet square and 1t was un- doubtedly three stories in height. The construction of the building is exceed ingly interesting for the walls are thick, and evidently used for defense, and there are as many as fourteen rooms connected by doorways. The floors are hard, being made of a mix ture of reeds and clay, laid on beams.
 All in all the representatives of government decided this was the best
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-02-03

room for coffee. When the weather is fine they walk out under the trees bringing with them their mandolins and guitars. Boating takes a great deal of the time. Besides the Eight and Torpids, there are also Tours, Pairs and SculF races. Each college has its own scratch fours in summer at the regatta.
 The friends of the students. es- pecially the young ladies. are up from London wearing their snartest frocks and hats. For several days before the races the men are busy at the river. The course is more than mile in length. The start is near the Baitsbite Lock and the finish at Ches- terton, 8 suburb in the northeast or the town.
 The upstream Journey comprises in it's first half two or three sharp curves with short stretches between. The last half lies over the Long Reach from Fen Ditch. This is the great ladies resort on race night. On the left bank is a tow path, which swarms with enthusiastic friends loyal to different parties of the crew eager to welcome and cheer the coming heroes.
 The boats are classified according to their records, The oarsmen are recognized Dy Ln0E DTlBul pASSSS OA ribbon and flannel tied to their oars Frantic are the excited racers and on lockers as they outclass one another. The races are followed by a series of teas, luncheons and balls until the on locker is ready to believe that good times are the chief aim of the college
 Then follow the cricket matches at tended by almost as much excitement Finally good times do come to an end
 
 for the examinations The students pass all their time between the class rooms and their tutors. This Is es- pecially true for the honour men.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1912-02-03
QUEER HATS FOR MEN.

'" PARISIAN has just invented Q hat
 with a pocket which Is secret y affair and as yet has not been taken up in this country Another Frenchman is the inventor of a hat containing a small umbrella This umbrella hat is so simple that when the umbrella is unscrewed 1t leaves only 8 small ventiIator hole tn the top of the crown. The American cowboy hat is really not an American invention, for excavations in Crete have disclosed specimens of these hats which were worn by Cretan vomF about two thousand years ago.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1912-09-01

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