davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17
SUICIDE VERDICT
IS FOUND BY JURY
Former Husband of Mott
Woman Declares She Has
been Insane Three Years

Mott, n. D.. Dec. 1.-THE anxiety
which has been felt b. many regard.
ing the analysis report Of Or. Z. F.
Ladd OF the A. C.. upon the vital or.
gans OF the late Mrs. Ei,ze. whom II
:s thought committed suicide recently.
has been dispeiled and the matter put
TO rest. The report issued by Prof.
gist, reveals the act that a small
amount Of chioroform in concentrate
ed form was ali that could be found
Of a poisonous nature within the con-
fines OF the stomach. and thereby cor
roborating the advanced theory that
the deceased met death by her own
hands.
The report was received by DR..
Redmaa and Is in the hands Of Acting
Coroner Lee. Il Is a length" docu-
ment but contains nothing further OF
an: particular interest 70 the general
public. aside from the additional fac,
that the lungs also contained extracts
Of chloroform.
The coroner's jury me. IN the Of
fees % Dr.. White ard found a YER
die. OF suicide.
A. D.. Pena;will o Noun: Pleasant.
"a, arrived last week and took the lit
tie Vito boy into custody. Mt. PEN
niwili Is the first husband OF the de-
ceased, father OF little Johnny, and is
entitled TO the care of the child. The
father left with his son for their Iowa
home.
Before leaving. Mr.. penniwil! left
the following note for publication:
To Whom It May Concern:
a statement Of facts: Mrs. Clara E.
vi,ze. nee Penniwill. TO my absolute
personal knowledge. and according 70
medical advisers, has not oeen in her
Sigh. mind since December. 1903. She
vas not a jealous hearted woman in
her .rue mind. Her actions In many
aspects have been out OF reason since
me above date. A letter mailed in
,.io;; 20 me shows that her death was
either accidental nr resulted from a
spell Of insanity. She was accustomed
20 using chIoroform for toothache
and neuralgia. and frequently would
s.=ep from six to eight and ten hours.
Respectfully,
n---:-:t
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17
GETTING READY
Norden Musical OF Devils Lake Pre-
pairing for Sangcrfeet

Devils Lake. y. D.. Dec. 1.-THE
Eorden Musical club met at the Silver
Serumgard residence and arrange
ments for the state sangerfest. which
meets in Devils Lake neg. June were
discussed. The following committees
were appointed:
Reception-Mrs. H. A. Moe. churchs
Ferry: Mrs. I. G!erum. Mrs. Martin
Hoghaug. Mrs. W. K. Moeller.
Hotel Committee-Mrs. Hagenston,
Mrs. Hoghau2.
Decoration Commi,tee-Mrs. Gler-
UNI, Mrs Peter Matson, Mrs. Ronning,
Grand Forks.
Outing committee-Mrs. Jens Svee,
Mrs. II. II. Bekken. Mrs. 7. ]. ShelvsP.
Train Commi,,ee-Mrs. and Miss
Bondel!d. Mrs. and Miss shelver.
The musicale recognized and the
following ohicers were elected: Mrs.
". K. Moeller, PRESIDENT; Mrs. c. H.
Larson. vice president: Mrs. Silver
serumgard. secretary; Mrs. T. J. Shell
yer, treasurer. Mrs. H. A. H~angenston
a new member taken in. It was
also decided to give a "smor og brog''
(bread and butter) fest during the
holidays. to which the Eorden chorus
will be invited. 1t will be held in the
opera house hall and may be preced-
ed by a concert. but that has not
been decided definitely.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17
A E IDENTITY
Probable That Des Laos Drowning
Victim Was st. Paul Man.

Des Laos, y. D.. Dec. 17.-what
may be the means OF identifying the
man found in the Great Northern
reservoir on November % was found
quito Unexpectedly when Miss Lilly
Truax. principal OF the local school.
read a newspaper article referring to
a man vino had disappeared some sig
or eight weeks age. Miss Truax wrote
20 the police department in St. Paul
and in answer 70 her inquiry she re-
ceived this information:
A mar by the name Of Eeedham.
Weighing 145 pounds. IS years old, red
m~oustache, dark hair. streakcd with
grey; carried no watch, had been last
heard from at Grace, y. d.
This description tallies in the main
"ith that OF the man found here.
Miss Truax again wrote the police
department and gen them n clipping
which contained II minute description
Of the nan found here and no doubt
tho relatives will be able to reach q
definite conclusion.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17
USES MORPHINE
MclIenry County Woman Seemingly
Insane as q Result.

Granville. y. D., Dec. 17.-Mrs.
Berry Of Granville was taken to
ToDner and is thought to be insane.
She has been T. county charge for
some years and a short time g was
taken to the home of Commissioner
Anderson Of Felva TO be taken care
Of. The has been in very
poor health for years and has be-
come addicted TO the morphine habit,
and when without the drug for very
long becomes almost uncomfortable.
She was such a ARC that 1t was deem
ed advisable to place her in the coun-
ty Jail at Towner. It may be found
necessary to place her in the insane
asylum at Jamestown. She is the
mother Of three little children who
are now with her at the Jail. She
was deserted by her husband last
July and has no one to look after her
welfare.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17
PLAGUE TAKES TOLL
Family Being Moved Down by Dread
Diseas-Another is Dead.

Devils Lake. n. D., Dec. 17.-sad
indeed vas the news received here
announcing the death Of Miss Eva
Margaret Bell. which occurred at the
Carr Cleveland home in Denton.
Mont. The news recalls the tragic
death Of Miss Bells mother and sister,
Mrs. ]. ]. Bell and Miss Birdie, who
both passed away within a few hours
Of each other some FIVE years ago, the
U being consumption. Mr.. Bell
died Of the same disease a short time
after. Miss Eva hes been living with
the Carr Clevelands for the past four
years. n was here for a short visit
last August. She has not been we'll
for some time, but her death occurred
suddenly and unexpectedly. She
preparing to go to California for
the winter. taking the trip to the coast
with her aunt, Mrs. Louis LaRue,
when she suffered a relapse and died
shortly after.
Miss Bell was born and raised in
Devils Lake. her parents. Mr. and Mrs.
John ]. Bell. being one Of the highly
respected families Of the city. A
large number Of friends here will
mourn her death.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17
KICKED TO DEATH

Ambrose, y. D.. Dec. 17.-Yester-
day morning two OF Ole T. Rigstad's
neighbors noticed a horse loose about
the stable with harness on and went
e to see what was wrong.
They found n horse hitched to
the wagon partly in the stable. Thirty
feet away they saw an overcoat and
about thirty feet farther ar overturn-
ed wagon box. VIVA, they thought
to be an overcoat proved to be the
body Of Ole T. Rigstad. The coroner
was called and a jury impanneled.
and the verdict was accidental death,
no doubt due to a runaway while un.
hitchinR.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17
TRANSFER CASES
johnson White Slave Proceedings
Will be Tried in Barnes County.

Valley c4ty. y. D., Dec. 17.-Hu-
name Odcer Blake came 10 Valley
City and swore out a warrant for
William Ray johnson. and Officer
Kelly ief, for jamestown and will
bring the man here when he Will
stand trial on the charge u white
slavery" Il seems that The claim
vas made by the defense ,ha; tn.
crime for which Johnson was being
tried was committed in Barnes coun.
IS and SO the state will bring the man
hero for trial. This will be renem-
besed as the case in which the par
ties we're arrested at Harvey.
Tho jury at jamestown labored all
night with the case OF the state rs.
Messrs. Jackson and johnson for
VIVA. Is known as white slavery and
reported that they could not agree.
Judge Coffee then discharged the
jury and the case viii be tried by
another jury at q future date. probe-
bly, at the mex. term Of court.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17
NAME SOLICITORS
Northwest College Proposes Active
Campaign for Finances.

velva, y. D.. Dec. 17.-The board
Of trustees OF the Northwestern col
lege held a meeting in this city. All
members were present excepting Nj.
Jaastad OF "iprud. and Mr.. HesIa Of
Maddox, who failed to qualify as his
business affairs would not give him
time 70 serve on the board. ]. n.
Mus Of this city was elected in his
stead. Rev. Aanastad Of Carpio vas
present and formally accepted the
c!ded by the board 20 select two other
solicitors II they can be secured and
70 &c: things in shape 30 that they
can begin work IN earnest Immediate.
~ after the FIRST OF the year. Il "a
hoped that in q short time the re-
qutsi,e amount will be collected in
order that work on the building may
be begun early mex, wear.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17
COL. POWER DEAD
Well Known Resident Of Cas- Comm,
Sucrumbs.

Fargo. \. D.. Dec. 17.-Colonel J. p.
Power. second president Of the North
Dakota Agricultural college. passed
away AZ his late home at Power, Cass
county, y. D.. yesterday The funeral
will be held at the Powers farm home
at Power this afternoon After a brief
service the remains viii! be removed
To 81 Paul for burial
The q Colonel Power was presi-
about a year and Il half. covering The
years Of 1894 and 1895, Immediately
Preceding the present Incumbent.
President John II. Worst. From the
great institution which the deceased
once headed II committee will 20 70
Power to officially attend the funeral
az representatives Of the A. G..
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17

Memphis. Tenn. Dec. l..-Foliow-
ing the capture Of three men \ a
woman who. the police charge, have
regulations for safe-hlowins and high
way robbery in almos. every state OF
the union. the killing of one bandit
who tried to escape by jumping from
a window Of the house which detec-
tives had surrounded. and the rus
pension OF a city detective who is a
relative OF TWO OF the bandits. this city
is in a fever of anticipation.
Sensations in police circles : cx-
pected 10 result in the investigation
Of Police Commissioner utley into the
relations ot City detectives Ernest Nol-
en- with his kinsmen.
Frank Holloway, a cousin OF Solen.
ard B.aatley Mitchell. another cou-
sin. TEX" Wallace alias John Mccoy
and his wife are under arrest. All are
facing charges ranging from safe
blowing and train robbery 20 fugitive
from justice and suspicion" Kim
ney Bergen. the fifth member os the
gang. was killed after he had jumped
from the window.
The band had rented TO. the winter
a home on the outskirts Of the city.
Information received by the police
is that Holloway. who is wanted in
Texas. whence he escaped while a
prisoner from q moving express train,
was organizing a band here to carry
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17
WIFE FINDS HIM
Came Home to Greet Husband Blu,
He Had Died.

Sentinel Butte, n. D., Dec. IT,
Carl A. Carlson. a young farmer whose
place is a few miles southeast Of Sen.
tinel Butte. was found in his house,
dead. He had been away for several
days and his wife was staying with
his mother on an adjoining farm and
when she went to her home the body
lying on the bed. but the CORPSE
still warm so it is thought that
death probably occurred in the fore
noon OF that day.
Coroner Roy Walker was summon
ed and as suicide was limited he took
as assistants Drs. Smith and McNab,
but on examination Of the body and
the contents Of the stomach proved
the suicide theory to be without foun.
dation and the coroner returned a
verdict of death from hemorrhage OF
the lungs.
The deceased was born in Sweden
and was about 26 years old at the time
Of his death.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17

No charges were made by Com
missioner Ctley or Chief Of Police
Hayes against Nolen. who has always
enjoyed a good reputation as a police
officer. but the officials declare they
will carry out an investigation to de-
termine whether or no, Eolen knew
that his kinsmen in the city and
had shielded them from the police.
In suspending Nolen. Commissioner
Ctley declared he was going to clean
up the police department If there
were any evidences of crookedness.
and has ordered the probe into No.
lens affairs to be complete.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17

on a series of train robberie. and
safe-b!owing Jobs.
After his arrest Holloway told gov
eminent officials here that he had laid
plans for train r%obberies and was pre-
pairing for a hold-up on the day fol-
lowing the police raid.
ARRANGEMENTS for the capture Of
the band we're held secre. from De-
tective .Nolen because OF his relation
ship TO Holloway. y brother. Deggs
Eolen.. wanted OF forgery charges,
who escaped from the custody OF fed
eral authorities in Savannah. Ca. was
also though, to be In the rang, at the
time the raid was made.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17
ROBBED OF $3.50
Devils Lake Restaurant Man Is VI
tim of Crooks.

Devils Lake Restaurant Man Is Vic.
tim Of Crooks.
Devils Lake. n. D.. Dec. ID.
Henry Of the Japanese restaurant in
this city. reports the loss of $3.50 last
night when he was sleeping. The
officials are endeavoring to locate the
man guilty Of the crime. but have
thus far been unsuccessful.
Henry went to Edmore and had this
amount as well as other money with
him. prepared to purchase a cafe at
the Ramsey county village. He failed
to secure tho cafe and returned to the
city with tho coin. While he was
'slumbering some one entered his
room and took the contents of his
pockctbook to the amount Of $3.50.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17
HIT BY COAL

Shafer. n. D., Dec. 17.-Charles
Donovan was nearly killed by a de-
layed dynamite blast. Donovan had
placed the dynamite stick to blast lig-
mite coal. and after waiting what he
supposed was sufficient time to insure
the fuse being out. started to investi-
gate. He was within a few feet Of
the dynamite when it exploded, one
piece Of coal hitting him on the fore.
head. smaller fragments doing other
injury to him.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17

Eugene il. Grace. the Atlanta, Ga.
man whose wife recently was freed
on II charge OF attempting to murder
him. has commenced divorce proceed
ings against Mrs. Grace in Georgia.
He charges that his wife drugged n
shot him in order to get $25, 900 insur-
ancc on his life.
Mrs. Grace is in Philadelphia and
will not fight the case so 1t is likely
that It legal separation will result
soon.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17
RIBS CRACKED
Stark County Man Thrown From
Vehicle In Runaway.

Dickinson. n. D., Dec. 17.-What
might have been Il fatal accident oc-
CURED here when Peter Gotterbarm,
who was frcighting for Adam A..
Lcfor. lost control Of his horses which
became frightened at the train, caus-
ing Mr.. Gotterbarm to be thrown
under the slowing moving freight
train and narrowly escaping instant
death. MI. G%otterbarm had three
ribs broken and was otherwise badly
injured about the head and chest.
pneumonia has developed and there
Is small hope for his
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17
GOES TO PRISON
Mclean County Man Gets Year
Woman in County jail.

Washburn. y. D.. Dec. 17.-Judpe
'Minchester has adjourned district
.our.' QUO Grosz was given a sen.
ior embezzlcmcnt. Mary Zavolne.
was given a jail sentence OF nn.
month. The jurors were dismissad
but 1t is thought Judge Nl.sylc viii
eau a judge In to clean UP the calen.
oar In January. There are enough
cases to finish to keep the court busy
for at least two weeks. ""'
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17
ARM AMPUTATED
Girl So Badly Burned That Operation
Proves Necessary.

Mandan, n. D., Dec. 17.-Miss Bar
bara Schlinger. the young lady who
was very seriously burned by an oil
explosion at her home near Parkin
about ten days ago, underwent an
operation on Thursday afternoon in
which she suffered the amputation of
her right arm.
She was in a very critical condi-
ton this morning and the attending
physicians are uncertain as to her
ultimate recovery. The burns she re-
ceived are Of a terrible nature.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17
sOUsA's DAUGHTER A BRIDE.

New York. Dec. l7.-Aiiss Helen
Sousa. daughter Of the famous band
master and Mrs. John Philip sousa,
became the bride today of Mr.. Hamil-
ton Albert. Tho wedding took place
this afternoon at st. Thomas's church.
the Rev. DR.. Ernest M. Stires Of1ciat.
tel followed tho ceremony.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17

then ScAly. spreading TO my
face. The blotches were red
on my face. dry and scaly. not
large; on my scalp they were
larger. some scabby. They
came on my hands. Tho in.
side of my hands were oil little
Jumps ~ though full Of shot
about one-Exteenth Of An inch
under the akin. Then thav
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17
MEETING OF DAIRY INTERESTS

MEETING OF DAIRY INTERESTS.
Albany, Ore, Dec. IA large at
tendance marked the opening here to-
day OF the annual meeting Of the Ore.
gon Butter and Cheese Makers as
ISOLATION. The meeting will be follow
convention OF the Oregon Dairymens'
association.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17
BROWNS IN SLOP
BABY Meets Death In Horrible Man
ner While Mother Ia Out.

ner While Mother Is Out.
Napoleon. N. L.. Dec. 17.-Faliing
INTO a slop pail, the 1O-months-old
naby OF Mr.. and Mrs. John Miller of
Kichville. this county, was drowned,
The mother made the discovery. ind
Ing the baby head downward in the
pail on her return from another room
Mrs. Miller is In Il critical condition
as a result Of the accident.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17
BLEW SHACK UP
Man Was Thrown Through Wall
Gas Tank Explodes.

Mohall. n. D.. Dec. l7.-An explo-
sion or a in a pressure tank in a
small shack while Willis Powell was
working there. wrecked the building
anu threw him fifteen yards, where he
van PICKED up unconscious. Powell
.ao practlcaily been thrown through
force of the explosion, "e
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17
BL0TCHES ON FACE
DRY AND SCALY
Eczema Began in Hair Spread to
Face. Came on Hand and All Over
Fingers. Itching Terrible. Cuti-
cura Soap and Ointment Cured.

POS Kanter Ave-. Detroit. Mich.-"some
time last summer I was token with eczema.
1t began in NY hair drst With red blotches
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17

Father always expects his boys to
do better in school than he did.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-12-17

There are times when good advice
won't do. and q club y needed,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-05-30
TODAY'S AGE-HERALD

f-McCreary. victor in Kentucky. Watson loses fight to control Georgia
 convention.
 Interest in Archibald case shifts to
 soue...
 Orozco gives out yelled threats. Tafts steam roller is badly jammed. i Franklin gives details of bribery. State department advices meagre. 2-Dipiomas given large graduating class
 at university. 3-MiIls taxed to satisfy deliveries 4-Editorial comment. -Bjrminsham invasion of Texas ended. Indignation expressed at West End
 meeting.
 Hobson made Knight of Pythias Share of each county in state govern
 ment.
 Florence saloon closed for 20 days. 6--Society.
 Dolly and Robert Stuart Pigott. 7-Sporfs s-Jones confession admitted by judge. Edmonds speaks on Coming South .'' 9-Want parodes on Underwood. school closed Wednesday.  l2-Accept Peabody gift on condition. Boost Birmingham at conventions. Splendid rain in North Alabama
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-05-30
Bruce Produces Letters in "New Orleans Board of
 Trade Case"
MANY AMENDMENTS
 TO THE METAL BILL
Duty on Pig Iron and Ferro-Silicon Lowered-Reciprocit Repealed. Rodenberry Would Bar
 Fight Pictures
THE DAY IN CONGRESS,

Senate met al midday.
 President Melen of the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroad protested to interoceanic canals committee against provision in Panama canal bill which would bar railroad owned steamers from the canal
 Pubic buildings committee heard May or Gaynor and other New York officials in behalf of German bill for site for new pustoffice at New York city.
 Magdalena bay matter referred by for eien relations committee to a sub-commit- tee for investigation.
 Adopted resolution calling for eorrs- spondence between Secretary of War and New York state concerning Hudson river Improvement appropriation,
 Voted down amendment to metal tariff bill to place farm implements on free list.
 Unanimously passed bill appropriating SltO.OoO for government participation in Gettysburg battle nftieth anniversary celebration in 19l3.
 Senator Borah introduced resolution 10 make national park at Lincoln's btrth- place. Hodgenville, Ky.
 Adjourned at 6:2s D. m. until noon today.
 House: Met at midday and considered the regular calendar.
 Judiciary committee continues it's in- vestigation into charges against Judge Aichbald's reputation.
 Adjourned at 5.s7 until Il q. m. today.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-05-30
PREACHER PRAYS
 AS LIQUOR RUNS

Chattanooga. Tenn, May 29.-After 2i iiquor dealers in the criminal court this forenoon had pleaded guilty and been fined 50 and costs and sentenced to n months imprisonment m the workhouse on charge of violation of the statewide prohibition law the Rev. J. w. Vesey, following a prayer by the Rev. r., !. Baldwin. in which he asked God to rid the city of illicit liquor selling. poured out the whisky used as evidence
 cOh. Lord" said pr. Baldwin. I've are not praying against these mute evidences but against the business of the mem
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-05-30
WILL WAIT UNTIL FLOOD RECEDES
 ID BEGIN WORK

New Orleans. May 2s-The United States engineers here are awaiting nor nal stage in the Mississippi river before the work of restoring levees swept away by the recent floods. They state much. caving in and sloughIng of the remain ing levees Is to be expected with the lower stages. $
 For the repair work on the Mississippi seufh of viclxsburg the Mississippi river commission mas allotted $3lo.00. This ter rftory will include the Torras. Hymelia.. Bayou Sara and NestoF crevasses. and smaller breaks at Angola and one near Natchez. Notification of this allotment vas received yesterday by Captain c o. Sharrill, chief of the United States engi- reers here. who said. that repairs would begin at the. earliest possible moment.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-05-30
To File No More Contests

Chicago. May 29.-The time limit set by the national republican committee
 hi it's call tor the filing of contests Ixpired at midnight and the briefs in lll the eases are now in the hands |f Secretary Hayward. and will be tab Hated for the considera ton of the na- |ional committee when 1t meets June 6- About 260 contests have been filed, bf which. 1t is said, 225 were prepared ey the Roosevelt forces, and 35 by friends of President Taft.
 Tickets for the convention will be dis- |ributed through the national commit |eenan of the different states on Mondsy fune IT. The only exception is the 2oPo tickets for the Chicagoans. who con |rsbuted to the fund of s130ooo for use in hseting the expenses of the convention. Eksse will be distributed by Fred W Bphann, chairman of the Chicago commit |De
 The demand for tickets this wear IS heater than ever before, according to |i airman New of the subcommittee On Arrangements. He has received 10000 re- lr.n..&f-s.~I m pnUe Nfuel
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-05-30
UNDERWOOD DELEGATES
 ELECTED IN FLORIDA

Jacksonville. Fla. May 29.- Returns from the run-off pria mary held in this state yester- day to decide contests resulting from the primary election of several weeks ago were incom- plete tonight. but indicated that the Underwood delegates to the national convention at Baltimore had been elected Their names will not be available until the official caucus is completed. Claude L'Engle defeated w. NJ. Toomer in the race for congress- man from the state at large by about 5000 majority. In the Sec ond district indications are that Congressman Frank Clark has been renominated by q small majority over s. J. Hilhurn. Oth- CT contests were for minor state and county officers.