davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1912-09-06
DISK HARROW; BERMUDAGRlAss'

The Disk Harrow 10 lndispe nsabls ana
Should BE on Every Southern Farm
(Reply to F. L. Webb. Lee Hall. va.)
You can not invest the same amount
Of money to better advantage than by
purchasing a good disk harrow.
The difference in the working Of q
cutaway and q solid disk Is that the
cutaway penetrates the ground much
deeper and throws It up in a much
coarser condition than the solid disk.
The solid disk pulverizes the soil
much better.
The double disk harrow is desirable
for farmers who wish to do two disk
ings at the same time. The front
harrow can be set to out-throw and
the rear harrow to in-throw. This
will thoroughly pulverize the soil and
leave the field level. The main ad-
vantage Of the double disk harrow is
that If you desire to use the regular
disk, you can remove the rear attach
ment very quickly and easily.
This will depend on the nature Of
the soil, the angle given the disks,
and the weight Of the man on the
harrow. AS rule, 1t is not advisable
to purchase disk harrow with more
than eight 16-inch disks for use on a
three-horse farm.
Bermuda grass will probably make
good pasture on your land. The
Rhode Island bent (Agrostis Canina),
creeping bent (Agrostis Stolanifera),
and common redtop (Agrostis vulga-
ris), form one Of the most dense sods
known. The chief value of these
grasses is for pasture. They are
especially valuable for making pas
lures in sandy, moist places. The
following mixtures are frequently
used in your section of the country:
% Timothy, 16 pounds; redtop. 16
pounds; red clover, pounds-per acre.
(2f Redtop, 10 pounds; orchard grass,
10 pounds; meadow fescne, 9 pounds:
and red clover, pounds-per acre. (3)
Tall oat grass, % pounds; and red
clover, pounds-per acre.
The arsenical solution is used by the
United States Department of Agri.
culture and is probably the best solu-
ton to use. Write DR.. A. ]. Herman,
Federal Building, Nashville, Tenn,
for bulletins on the eradication of the
cattle tick, the determination of
fieas, lice, etc.
The mangels should be pulled before
heavy frosts, the leaves cut off to with
In an inch of the crowns and the roots
stored in cool cellar or in pits in the
ground, and covered over with straw
and earth deep enough to prevent
freezing. 1t is not advisable to feed
your stock on frozen nlangels.
H c SERVICE BUREAU.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1912-09-06
SQUARE sILos.

Ira Wampler, Carthage, Missouri
writes as follows: II wish to build a
square silo in one corner of my barn,
but do not know the best way to pro-
coed. Any information you can give
will be appreciated"
The square silo is fast going out of
use, because of the difficulty in con-
structing same in such way as tn
make it profitable Several years ago.
or. in other words, when silo building
was in it's infancy. good many square
silos were constructed, but. they were
soon abandoned for several reasons.
mainly because it was impossible to
prevent leaking at the sides, and sec.
ond, the silage spoiled in the corners.
The next step of advancement was to
board up the corners. which made the
sllo more of a round structure. and
the latest development has been the
round silo, which is considered far
superior. to the square tyne of con.
struction.
We are sending you under separate
cover our farm barn plans, and Won
will note that there is plan for silo.
This Is concrete silo. which is sim.
liar to many that are being built in
various sections Of the corn belt
When properly constructed, the con-
crete silo is more permanent than the
wooden silos, and preserves the silage
equally as well as the other types.
The first cost may be little bit more.
but the permanency offsets this OBJ.
lection. There is another type Of silo
which is being built very extensively
throughout Iowa, which is known az
the Iowa silo. and is built Of hollow
tile or hollow building blocks. For
further information on this silo, We
suggest that you write to Professor.
n. L. King, Ames. Iowa.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1912-09-06
LIME For sou 81

Crop Growth indicative 81 condition
Of the soil-LIms8 u Important Tor
Growing Lesu,nInous Crops Man.
ure spreadsr May BE Used for Ap-
plying Lime rs
Mr.. o. G. Rostel, Marble. Washing
ton, writes as follows: Please let
me know II our mountains Of lime
rock here in Stevens county could be
utilized for commercial fertilizer by
grinding it fine without first burning"
unburned but finely ground lime
stone Is best for correcting soil acidity.
The use Of lime on soils is beneficial
IN places where calcium is deficient
Some crops require more calcium than
others. This is especially true of
cloyers, alfalfa, and other leguminous
crops.
Whether the soil requires calcium
depends upon its condition, and this
can be determined by one Of two
methods = either by a close examina-
ton Of the plant growth or by the use
OF htmus paper. II you find horse
sorrel present in large quantities it
indicates that your soil requires
calcium; also, II clovers do not grow
well that is an indication that cal
cium is lacking.
BY the use Of litmus papers, which
may be purchased at almost any drug
store, you will be able to determine
whether your soil is acid. Take
small quantity of moist soil and press
1t around the paper for ten or fifteen
minutes. II the blue paper is turned
to a pfnkish or reddish color, 1t will
indicate that your soil is acid and an
application of lime will be beneficial.
There are several Cat least ten) forms
OF commercial lime on the market.
The best form to use is finely ground
limestone. First: because it is cheap
est, and, second: the effect on the
humus is not so serious as with other
forms Of unexpectedly caustic or
quick lime. The action of finely
ground limestone in its attack on the
vegetable matter is less noticeable
than with other forms of lime. The
amounts to apply depend on how badly
your soil requires calcium, and also
upon the available supply of lime
stone. We have known of instances
where as high as eight tons have been
applied to the acre with good results,
and as low as ton or ton and half
has been used very satisfactorily.
The usual amount varies from three
to six tons to the acre. This material
should be supplied to the surface after
the seed bed is prepared, and narrowed
In by the use of a peg-tooth or disk
harrow. 1t may be scattered by the
use of manure spreader; in fact, this
Is the usual machine for applying
finely ground limestone.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1912-09-06

jeesd 81 and plant ~ twenty M
of TIE best ears Is this patch. Each
earsshould be planted Id q row without
mixing With any other ear. Twenty
Ave rows planted IN this way win DO
suficient for the average farmer. AT
maturity, harvest each row separately
and weigh the yields. Select the ears
for next years seed patch from the
rows that give the highest Yields. and
the remaining portion Of the rows Of
highest yield gre used for planting
the field crop. And 30 the work
should be continued from year to year
# Yours very truly, s
LII c SERVICE BUREAU. n
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1912-09-06
SEVEN COMMANDMENTS OF Al.
EAlFA5 GROWING. .ss88

Thou shalt not SOW alfalfa seed On
vet OF undrained land. so
Thou shalt not SOW alfalfa seed On
acid or sour land, hut shalt amply
calcium u the form 81 lime, Or ground
rock. 49,
Thou shalt supply alfalfa land With
on album dance 81 stable manure
Thou shalt thorough ~ prepare a the
Ealfalfa sssd bsa
ss hon hat soN only rood aIfalfa
go. 1fee from noxious Wesas
Thon shalt inoct,lit tthe soil; if fhnns
Ivoaldet 8 Y n hs h y ensdts fioml
IN III
# non 81 NJ so = ;in ~ nm if'
Ison u! Kould q! { ftsblsi
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1912-09-06
Iii
~ q. r. Afford, & n q esrvjesS Durssy

g. 4. AFFORD, u q ss I. surss
JItlansa, II. n
Baled hay II much more ivrlinab1s mi
2 feed than loose hay. even 9whsn TN!
loose hay IL ven housed.
Loose hay carries q great quantity
Of dust and often gives the farm AMI
mails severe cough while baled hay
does not. .s@
Baled hay takes up about one fifth ~
much room g loose hay and for this
reason the entire crop Of baled hay,
can usually be stored under cover.
while loose hay must be exposed to.
the weather in stocks and ricks.
Baiing breaks up coarse hay 20 that
the stock will eat 1t more readily. ana
there 10 no waste in feeding baled
hay.
Baled hay is always ready for the
market. 1t is convenient and salts
factory to handle in every way. II.
can be hauled by team or shipped by
railroad. 81
Much Of the tops and sides sof stacks
Is spoiled by the weather.
Loose hay becomes dusty and
musty. Baling hay keeps out the dust
and preserves the hay.
Baled hay retains much of the
sweet hay odor that stock relish.
There's a freshness and appetizing
quality and feed value in baled hay
that is never to be found in loose
hay.
We should bale our hay whether We
reed 1t on our own farms or sell It. OF
course, the market demand Is for baled
hay-and for baled hay only and for
this reason baling is the only way to
De sure OF having a market for
It.
The growing of hay and especially
leguminous hay as cowpea, soy bean.
peanut and iespedeza will rapidly in.
crease the fertility Of our soils. make
the raising of good live stock profit
able and add very much to the income
on the farms.
We can buy one-horse pull-power
hay press or we can buy motor laav
press. For the small farmer who
Dales his own hay, the one-horse pull
power hay press will prove very salts
factory and economical. With It he
can bale his hay at the time most con-
venfent and with small amount OF
help. For the farmer who grows large
quantities of hay or for the farmer
who bales hay for his neighbors the
two-horse pull-power or the motor hay
press is necessary.
or course, no man can tell the exact
capacity of any hay press as this de-
Ponds to considerable extent upon
the kind and quality of hay being
baled, the skill of the operators, and
the speed of the team. However I'M
der ordinary conditions a 14x1S two
horse pull-power hay press will bale
about 8 tons per day, a 14x1s press
operated with 3-horse power engine
will bale about 12 tons per day. a
16xlS press with 4-horse power en-
CINE about IA tons per day, and a
17x22 press with 6.horse power en-
CINE 16 tons per day.
We should purchase a hay press
that has been designed for conven-
fence. There should be a considerable
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1912-09-06
DESTROYING GRAssHoPPERs

ASSpAy W OoNOU NldLAldSOus
Grove, MINI. "Please send me by
mail directions for killing grasshop.
pers."
Before attempting to give remedy
for the grasshopper plague, a few
words in regard to it's early stages of
growth will not be out of place. In
order for the grasshopper to multiply
to any extent, the soil in which the
eggs are laid must be undisturbed and
there must be an abundance of food
available. The most favorable con.
dition for grasshopper development
seems to be found in the alfalfa Sec
lions Of the west. Where it is possible,
one of the best preventive measures is
to cultivate the ground. The soil need
not be disturbed below the first two
inches of surface, for most of the
eggs are deposited very shallow. We
fully realize that in many cases this
cannot be done SO as to completely
destroy the grasshopper, but where it
Is possible to pillow and cultivate in the
fall, the number can be greatly de-
creased.
There are two ways Of destroying
the adult or grown grasshopper. One
is by the use of the hopper dozer.
Various forms are in use, but one that
has given very good satisfaction can
be built of sheet iron, ten or twelve
feet long, and about twenty-six inches
wide, with board across the back,
against which the grasshoppers will
fly and then fall into the bottom of the
hopper dozer. The bottom of the hop
per dozer should be made water tight
80 that q quantity of water may be
poured into it, also small quantity of
kerosene. The hopper dozer should be
mounted on low skids or small wheels
and drawn by one or more horses.
The grasshoppers will be collected in
the hopper dozer and killed by coming
In contact with the kerosene. This
whole structure is rather inexpensive
and has proved a very good method of
destroying the grasshopper.
The bureau Of entomology Of the
United States Department Of Agri-
culture has recommended a poisoned
bait. which is known as the 'scriddle
mixture" and has given very good
results in some sections. The mix
ture is made as follows:
One-half barrel fresh horse drop
pings, in which is mixed one pound
each Of salt and paris green. II the
droppings are not fresh, the salt is
dissolved in water and mixed with the
manure and poison.
Then this mixture is scattered freely
about where the grasshoppers are
abundant. Dr.. Fletcher, entomoloeist
for the Dominion Of Canada, cites an
instance where this poison h mixture
was scattered around portion Of the
Held, with the result that this portion
stayed green while the grasshoppers
seriously injured other parts 81 the
same field. The triddle mixture has
been preferred to other brands sc po,.
con because its effect on other forms /
q animal life = not O. serious. ss
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1912-09-06

distance between the sweep and the
feeding table. Both of these points
should be located at the extreme end
OF the press SO that the baling cham
Der may be set well into the interior
Nof the shed or barn and ample room
be had for the revolution of the sweep
to be made outside the shed or barn.
Another advantage of the arrangement
of such press is that the bale cham
Der may be set between two stacks
and fed from both stacks without re-
setting the press. The close arrange.
ment of feeding table and sweep will
not allow sufficient space for tho
sweep to describe the circle necessary
to operate the press.
The reach bed should be very mar.
row and should not be more than four
or i've inches high to enable the
horses to walk over It without tho
least trouble. When operating preeses
that have . high step-over, the horsea::
viii generally slow down. hasitata.
and otter stumble at this point y hfnh
- annoying to the nan, wearing IN
the horses, and slackens TIE speed a.
the press. ~
The power conjunction Of the II n
should be-such that when the h0r
reach tho atepover, they are rulIIa 1tt I
practically NO load. one stroke n
b. complsted before they reack 3
stepover md the load ot tlfs d
stroke should not bagin untiI II lp5iiIS Y
&c ~ III
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1912-09-06

~ < 4 :, : - e = - Z ia =
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1912-09-06
PEMBINA
Loan and Savings Association.
PEMBINA. N. d.

PEMBINA, n. d.
Loans money on good Penlbina County
real estate. Every borrower is share
same as the investor. Every dollar paid
In pays part of the debt and is also palced
at interest for the benefit of the share
From g found that
rincipal and interest on any sum borrow
ed. Monthly payments are 80 cents per
sha5e and g Psr hundred OF sum borrowed
is especial convenient and profitable to
wage earners and salaried men who want
to own their own homes. The monthly
payments are less than rent. and this
for moi rent" buys the home. 81
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1912-09-06

Forty pr cent Of the feeding value.
q The corn crop q found 81 the stan
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1912-01-20
Maryland Farm Products In 1911

The Department of Agriculture an
nounces the following statistics on the
quantity and value of Marylands farm
product during 1911:
The State raised 10000 acres of corn,
an average of 36.5 bushels to the acre.
Total production, 80, 455, 900 bushels, at
average price 63 cents a bushel. Total
value, $15 4O7 900.
OF wheat, Go5,oo0 acres were raised,
which averaged $50 bushels to the acre,
amounting TO 9,37S,OO0 bushels. The
average price was 81 cents a bushel, and
the total value $S,534,OOO
Maryland raised 1900 acres of barley
averaging % bushels to the acre, for
total production of which was $4,000 bu-
Shells. 1t averaged GO cents a bushel in
price, the total being $4,000.
Rye was grown on $4,000 acres averag-
ing 145 bushel an acre. The total
amount raised was 100000 bushels, valu-
value of $780, 900.
Maryland farmers planted $4,000 acres
in potatoes. which yielded 40 bushels to
the acre total of 1,755, 900 bushels, of
an average value Of ~ cents a bushel.
Hay was grown on 276,O00 acres, aver
aging, II ton an acre The average price
was $22.io ton, making total value of
the $4,000 tons raised Si,f5S, 600.
The State grew $1,000 acres of oats the
average yield of which was 81 bushels to
the acre, a total production of ,2f2, 900
bushels, valued at 10 cents a bushel The
total value of the oats crop was 5000, 900.
Maryland ranks fourteenth among the
States as to wheat product; twenty fifth
as corn product; twenty ninth as a
barley producer; fifteenth as rye produ-
GER; twenty fifth as a potato producer
thirty-fourth as a hay State; eight as a
tobacco State and thirty-e eight in the
production Of oats.
The values named were standard prices
on December !, 1911, for Maryland pro-
ducts
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1912-01-20
Failures In 1911

Commercial failures in the United
States during the year 1911, according to
statistics compiled by r. G. Dun & Co.,
numbered 13,44l and supplied $191 ,061 ,665
of defaulted Indebtedness. This is a
considerable improvement over the $201,-
IS ,097 of liabilities reported in 1910, but
N number the insovencies were greater
by 7S9 and, with the single exception of
1908, exceeded the figures for any year
back to 1896. OF the aggregate suspen-
sions in 1911, there were 295 for $1,000
or more, against 260 nthe previous year;
whereas the $SO622, GIL provided by these
large defaults was much below the $103,
,5,1SS similarly involved in the earlier
period In respect to the total liabilities
he best exhibit was made by the class
embracing brokerage, real estate and
other concerns of more or less specu-
$4,000, 600; but in strictly trading lines
the mortality was heavier by about So
81, 900, manufacturing failures rejecting
little change. Numerically, the latter
,raneh showed an expansion of 222 and
trading insolvencies rose SOL, these two
divisions accounting for practically all
II the increase.
Considered by geographical divisions,
the failure returns show that only in the
southwest were the suspensions fewer in
number than in 1910, while that section
and the Middle States alone reported a
lighter aggregate of liabilities. In the
latter respect the figures for the Middle
group, embracing New York, New jersey
and Pennsylvania, made strikingly fav-
orable exhibit, total indebtedness of
$1O,S9l 1871 contrasting sharply with the
$3C, 5S6,OI2 involved in the preceding year
all of the Improvement being supplied
by the Empire State. The statement for
New England did not reveal any signi-
hcant change, either numerically or
otherwise; out in the West there were
lG9 more failures and the liabilities rose
over $6,OOO,000, with every State partici-
pating in the increase. In the Central
division, also, the growth in business
was rather pronounced, due
chiefly to the heavier commercial death
rate in Illinois, the total defaults ex-
ceeding those of 1910 by 242 in number
and involving an Indebtedness larger by
about 2,SOO,0O0 On the Pacific Coast
the expansion in liabilities was consider
ably above this amount, although there
we're only % more failures, while an
additional II concerns closed their doors
n the South showing approximately ST.
100000 more than was reported in the
previous year.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1912-01-20
Rheumatic
Pains

my mother is a great suf-
ferer from rheumatism, and DR..
Miles Anti-Pain Pills is the only
remedy that relieves her"
MRS. G. DAVENPORT.
Royce6eld, N. J.
The pains of rheumatism are
almost invariably relieved with
DR.. Miles Anti-Pain Pills. They
also overcome that nervous irri-
tation which prevents sleep be-
cause they soothe the nerves. To
chronic suffers they are invalu-
able. When taken as directed,
they relieve the distress and
save the weakening influence of
pain, which SO frequently pros
trates. Many sufferers use them
whenever occasion requires with
the greatest satisfaction, why
not you? They do not derange
the stomach nor create a habit.
Why not try them? Get pack
age from your druggist. Take it
according to directions, and if
it does not benefit he will return
your money.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1912-01-20
Column
lin Our School Man.
agement

. -sstH Ill Oui CCuUUi WAN
ts,gs agement
blished by you. from Mrs
49, Il, as TO where our school
SRI fak, points out some of the
.J (nent causes of conditions
.s@s Il TO make ashamed every yot-
81 fetal in Maryland. No system
"a kvised which will SO injure edG
As that which tends to promote
fence in regard to the schools
hg could create Indifference as
the inability of the people to have
I vital part in the management Of
EN- To give the Governor, elected on
kyeral Issues OF which better schools
may not be one, the appointment of our
school commissioners is a custom which
! ougth to have passed out of existence
I with the death of Lord Baltimore. To
add to this folly that of allowing the
appointees of the governor to appoint
officials to rule over the schools and
then to deny power to the appointees OF
the appointees, Sc that they will take no
interest in trying to do anything, Is
about the best device the devil or the
politician could think up to make pub
lie education Intellectual. The only way
appointee system can be made to
work satisfactorily is to first have the
right appointments, next TO have no d.
vision of responsibility or shifting of it
from one to another. At present, judg
ing by the conditions of the average
school in this county, the appointees, and
the appointees Of the appointees, are I'M
able, through lack of knowledge, lack of
authority, lack of ability to get any
measure through the tangles of red
tape" and lack OF ability both to have
good schools and to please the politi-
clans to give us good schools. OF course
this remedy should be sharp and efficient;
it lies in turning the schools over to the
people, even at the risk of hurting the
feelings of the political gangs that have
for years interfered with good govern
ment by collecting taxes for good roads
and leaving the roads mere trails of
mud, mismanaging county finances and
sending various varieties of incompe-
tents to make laws at Annapolis.
But there should be more than the
election of school authorities by the vot-
ers who are now denied the opportunity
TO select the men to spend their money
,a nro,,ido sor ,ha o,,,,,,o,io,, Of thai.
hi,1n,,. ,,,,, ,,,,,,. ,ti, ..,-. ..
,a ,,, a,,ia,. - ~ t,a,'.1I,, r..
.;ki co., a,.o, - oo, -. -. 500,
I'll. ,,.r,,. ,l,;,1 nj, - aI'..,,, s,.
o,,,,, rho ,o.sa,, -, ,o,,,,,'.,a, ,,,..
-, ,h rs,,I, H. ~, 80 H. $500, 80
+o,,, ,1 :, t,a a,,;II T., rra,,..,,,,,
son, a., ,., ,,, -. ,,,,',, ,i.,,s -. n
,a,,,,, aha, ,,, ,,,, ,,,,,,t,. 49,, ., 500,
q, h an, t,,u ,,,,,,s,,,,,Ii,, - ,,.
,.,,, ,,,,,.,a,,,,-,,,,. a., TO-. ,, ,,,,, ,,,,o
4,dS H., o,n an =, .ato,i ~ ,.,,
Io,,,. ,,s,,,,., for a. sa,,, w., 80
,l,o ,,ao,, ah.,1 .oa," - ....,,, 800
~ 49,, =, 80 it,., -, M,
bor ,,,,ar s,,or ,r,,[,,,,,, ,,l,,. 1ts,o,,r
, 49,, -, -. So A., -,
,ory ~ ,,,,oo+io,, ,.hta, nts .,ot
ors .a,,,oI ,o,,,,,,i.,,,a .,..s~, 49,,
an a,,,,,,,,,1 .,,,,,, -, ,,,..,, 49, - ,aa
i,,n,,,,,., ,,, 60, - 49,
,,ra,,, ,,,t,i,o, 90 s.,
pno,,,, ,.t,,, an, -, t,S ,.;,., -
900. ,t r
ron in .fres r,,,ptrr,, ,,i,,ht nc ,aai-
caIlv talk Of The risbt NJ . naront n fand