davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
Entry List May Swell to
More Than One
80 Hundred.
i MANY ATHLETES HOLD
OUT UNTIL LAST WEEK
Washington Eclipses Its Represen-
tation of Last Years
Distance Run.

The list of athletes entered for Tie
Times-New Marathon was augmented
yesterday by two Baltimore entries, and
the total of runners now in line for the
annual classic is seventy-eight just six
less than the number which toed the
mark for the starters gun at Laurel
last year. Leo L. Dunphy, of the St.
Martins Gymnasium, and E. W. Policy,
Of the Maryland Pleasure Club. are the
latest TO signify their intention of ell
tering the great race on May II.
1t is more than likely that the total
number of hill aand dale chasers VINO
will start in the big event will be more
than a hundred before the entry list
closes on May 4. 1t is known that a
number Of athletes are holding out COR
week or so, and number of Wash
ington athletes will no doubt come
across with belated entries u the next
couple of days.
Last year eighty-four men started
from Laurel in the Marathon race, and
those in charge of the entries this year
say that with a lasger contingent from
Baltimore than this city is able to en-
ter the race is sure to draw nearly as
many as the firstt or second race.
Washington has not the number of
cross-country men that are in BaltI-
more, but the fact that the local ath-
letes have already outstripped their
number as entered last year speaks vol
umes for the interest that is being
taken in the event
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
Carl Morris May
Perform for Eagles

FORT SMITH, Ark. April 1s.-Carl
Morris, the Oklahoma hope, arrived
in this city today to begin negotiations
for a match here during the Eagles
convention early in May. Local pro-
moters tonight tentatively matched
Morris with Con Comiskey, the Chica 20
helvywriShto Cor II fifteen-round battle
on Nav I, It was planned TO stage the
match in the open at League Park in
the afternoon. An offer has been made
to Jim Stewart. of Brooklyn, to meet
Morris on the same date. and should
Stewart accept the proposition the bout
with Cnmiskev will be called of.
Norris will commence training for the
match some time next week. He will
train in this city. If Morris is allowed
10 engage In a match here II will be
the first heavyweight contest attempted
eince the state authorities prevented
the Ruhlip- -Jefferics contest at Hot
Springs several years ago. Tho an
noua"enrnt that IT was planned to hold
a ring contest here came as a great
surprise, inasmuch as reform chief of
police was recently appointed here and
attempted to enforce every blue law on
the statute books.
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
Pennsylvania Appoints
Football Mentors

PHILADELPHIA, April 1.-THE reg
ular monthly meeting Of the University
of Pennsylvania board of athletic di-
rectors was held at the gymnasium la
evening and much important business
was transacted. The assistant football
coaches for next season were appointed,
insignia awarded to the members of the
varsity basketball, swimming teams,
and the freshman basketball team.
Barclay McFadden was chosen soccer
manager; j. b. Gest, swimming man.
ager, and b. NJ. Snyder, wrestling man
ager for next year.
The assistant football coaches are
Miller, Charles Wolferth, George
Brooke, and Charles Keinath. There is
another coach to be appointed to assist
Head Coach Smith with the back field
men. A. c. Miller and Charles Wolferth
are both new men. Miller has success
fully coached the freshman teams at
Pennsylvania for the past two years.
for two years and will be graduated
from the medical school in June.
The following varsity basketball men
were awarded the p. B. r. T. for their
work this year: Jourdett Walton,
Pearce Turner, Keogh Reisner. Bloom.
awarded varsity numerals.
The varsity "P' was awarded to F. B.
Willis and J. K. Shryock, of the swim
ming team.
The wrestling insignia, P. WAT. was
awarded to Kreschner. Dickson, VIII
liams, Mellon, Bisbee, Young, Hogg,
Lechler,. Smith. Boyd, Franklin, and
Schofield.
Seven men were given the freshman
numerals in basketball They are Cap
tain Baker TAFT, Sealback, Reed, Wal
lace, Sherron. and Crane.
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
MANY DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN JACKSON'S
AND COBB'S BATTING
Tyrus Rarely Faces the
Pitcher the Same Way
Twice.

Joe Jackson and Ty Cobb are opposite
types of batters. Joe is a natural-born
hitter; Ty relies to a great extent on
outguessing the pitcher, at which he
Is undoubtedly the peer Of all big
leaguers.
The way they stand at the plate
shows that Joe and Ty are entirely
different Joe stands the same way,
or nearly the same way, every time
he faces the pitcher.
Ty rarely stands the same way twice.
He stands back of the plate, even with
the plate, and in front of the plate. de-
pending on the kind of pitcher he Is
hitting against.
Cobb gave one of the grandest ex-
hibitIons of guessing the pitcher ever
seen at League Park in Cleveland last
season. Gene Knapp was pitching
against the Tigers, and was using ms
spitball instead of curve: curve: ne s., naa
and second times the Detroit star came
to bat. Ty was hitting over the spit
ball, which Knapp kept low. and which
took a downward shoot as 1t came
over the plate.
Cobb saw he was up against 1T the
third time he came up. Knapp pre-
pared a spitball, and Ty determined
TO hit 1t before 1t took Its break
front end of the batter's box and hit
the bali before the curve started. He
met the ball squarely and drove II
against the, right held wall for
Krapp says avs that was the hardest
hit ever made off his spitball.
Almost every pitcher doped out a
way to stop Jackson last season
Nine out Of ten pitchers say Joe car
hit anything.
The Washington times., 1912-04-18

communication between Anderson and
Turner. as the washingtonian has been
trying all winter 10 get an enga cement
with the prominent middleweight.
Sam Anderson. who was defeated by
Turner on>e. has been tutoring Har-
vard athletes in the mat game during
the past winter. and his physical con-
lition now Is at It's maximum.
Prospects for another attractive bout
IN ;he near future are good. as Joe
Turner has wired an acceptance of DR..
Rollers challenge. Instead of acceptns :
proposition to be one of three men
10 meet the Seattle athlete. Turner has
agreed 20 post side bet that Roller
cannot throw him twice in fortY-five
minutes. II is thought that this match
can be satisfactorily arranged.
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
Las Vega sto Stage
Johnson-Flynn Bout

CHICAGO. April 1S.-Jack Johnson
ami jim Flynn will fight fortyave
rounds for The worlds heavyweight
championship in Las Vegas, y. M. on
tho afternoon Of July /. This announce
mcnt was made last night hy Jack
Curlry. promoter OF the contest.
W"rk on The arena Curley said. will
begin by Nav /. Both Flynn and john
von have agreed to be on tho scene n
month before the fight. Curlev said
that johnson already had begun light
training and that Flynn will start ac-
tive work soon.
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
ANDERSON MATCHED
WITH JOE TURNER
FOR FRIDAY NIGHT
Harvard Wrestling lnstruc-
tor Wins Over Tom
Duchesne.

Washington wrestling fans are de-
monstruting much interest in tho match
that has been arranged for Friday night
at the Gayetv 1'heater between Toe
Turner and sam Anderson. As re-
sui, of Andersons victory over Tom
lmchcsne las: night. the Harvard
wrestling instructor has been matched
with the local favorite. and $50 was
posted to 20 TO the winner. and side
bets have been placed.
This match was arranged after much
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
Pitchers Hold Records.

The best strike-out performances are:
Best professional record, Willie Mitchell.
San Antonio. twenty men: National
League, Charles Sweeney, Providence,
ninrtcrn, 1874; American League Glade
ct Louis, sixteen, 1904, and Waddell,
Athletics, sixteen, 1908; college records,
Mike Lynch, Brown; Gentleman, Brown;
Gillens, Sewanee, twenty-one each.
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
Prominent Boxers Go
Down With Titanic

PITTSRURtiH. April lS-Nord re-
reivrd today states that Dane Bowen
and Leslie VILLA ms. the two Welsh
rShtcrs on. their way from their home
20 Pittsburgh, 20 box here. we're both
drowned in the disaster to the steamer
Titanic. Frank L. Torreyson, local
boxing promote and baseball magnate.
is in New York. Torreyson was to
meet the boxers at New York on their
arrival
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
Future Greats

The Central A. c. wants games
with teams averaging thirteen years.
The Young Tigers preferred. Ad-
dress, Jacob Schiller, 448 P street
northwest.
The White Haven A. c. challenges
all uniformed teams of the District.
Address, Bernie Buscher, 1922
Thirty-fourth street northwest
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
To PLAY Freshmen.

Central High School is play;1s its
annual game against the Princeton
freshmen on Saturday, having started
the custom several years ago Cap
tain King. of the Central High School
team, is nephew of the famous
Princeton quarterback, Phil King, who
has done much for Central in the last
two wears
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
Tornorrow's Sports

Eastern vs.. Western, Union
League Park, p. m.
Georgetown VS.. NJ. A. c., George
town Field, 3 p. m.
Catholic University VS.. Washington
and Lee, at Lexington, Va.
Willie Hoppe vs.. w. T. Sweeny,
Atlantic City, Hotel Rudolph.
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
Turner VS.. Roller.

Just whether Joe Turner will be able
to stay with DR.. Roller for forty-hve
minutes and escape being thrown twice
Is a matter of talk today among fol-
lowers of the. wrestling game in the
city. Turner has a number of follow
ers who are sure he will be able to
stay the limit.
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
Going After Trophy.

The Memorial Athletic Club is GER
tainly going after the team trophy in
the coming Times-News Marathon race.
Twenty-eight athletes striving for cross
country honors is a high tribute to the
efforts of the club officials in getting
the team to work. A ten-mile run was
held Tuesday, fifteen members of the
organization taking the road,
SPORTS
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
Jackson's Friend Names
Son After Naplander

KANSAS CITY. Mo-. Aug. ls.-Its
great tn he great Joe Jackson. the
Maps great outhelder and slugger. has
received word from c. L. Harding, Of
Kansas City, Nd. thar he is the father
iaterds to name him for the Nap The
Youngsters narre will be Joseph Walk
Ell jackson Harding.
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
Campazzi will be missed,

Chief Greene, far from discourage
at his walloping by Harvard the other
day, will be used in the opener of the
trip against Washington and Lee to-
on Saturday when Ryan and Clancy
will be used. Poor pitching, which
came as a surprise. was responsible for
the showing against the Crimson on
Monday
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
Potomac Club elects officers.

The amateurs are getting buster and
buster as the opening day approaches.
Monday. April %, will see every anna
teur league under the commission and
many other independent circuit in full
swing. Preparations have been COM
pleted in many instances, although a
food of schedules and rosters of teams
Is expected almost any day now.
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
McGraW Spoke.

Shafer, the Giants infelder, VINO
crowded Fletcher 10 the bench. p .'D-
ably heard a few sharp sp"N:hes nom
Ahu MCGraw. lie managed to make
sos@e miscues, and they cost the game.
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
Big fight for New Mexico?

Western should have little difficulty in
getting her first game from Eastern to-
morrow in the premier of the inter-
high school championship series which
is scheduled for Union League Park
tomorrow afternoon. The Red and
White looks to have a better team than
Eastern. although neither has shown
much hitting strength.
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
HartZell Valuable.

HartZell has proved more profitable to
New York than either Austin or La
porte to st. Louis. Roy is In at short
stop, this year, and has found his bat
ting eye.
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
Jeffries at IL again?

In some quarters 1t is said that the
Tech crew will soon be out On the river
in a Potomac Boat Club shell to work
in earnest Coach Hecox, by the same
token, has had the crew out in an Ana
loston shell every day for the past ten
days, rowing anywhere from to 10
miles per day and spending at least
three nours with from ten to twelve
crew candidates.
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
Phillies Start Poorly.

Philadelphia Nationals are off to a
had start. Two trimmings by tailenders
is not encouraging to championship
hopes.
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
Chance Quits.

It is stated that Manager Frank
Chance will never play with the Cubs
again. The repeated bumps on the bean
he has received. has caused him to
make this decision.
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
Walter johnson is right.
All the bugs will be there.

Staging the coming battle between Jim
Flynn and aJck Johnson in New Mexico
is play for the crowds from over the
line and may prove a better investment
than conducting the mill in Nevada or
Utah. Boxing enthusiasts from the
East are not expected to be present,
and so the promoters may as we'll get
the revolutionists interested as soon as
possible.
The Washington times., 1912-04-18
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Special and Private Ailments of Both
Sexes cured promptly.
Consultation free, medicines furnished,
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The Washington times., 1912-04-18
q Athletes Nogu In Line to Run 7nnes-Negus Annual
BOB THAYER'S
Sporting Gossip
Every Knock Is a Boost"
Tomorrow is the day!

Tomorrow is the day!
-
Washington fans are looking forward
TO good baseball season this year. not
90 much because Griffith is in charge
as because his work has begun to show
itself. To break even on the road, even
though 1t was a short trip. is good for a
starter, with most of the players yet to
hit their stride. Boys, our hopes are
high.
Walter johnson Is right.
II Jim Jeffries is in earnest about
fighting his way back to the top of the
heavyweight division. he is either broke
or insane. In the first place, he is a
dead one as an attraction, and, in the
second, he is too old to make good.
Jeff. be good and keep quietly in the
background. You've had your day. I.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1912-05-09
III lift Htz1244N0 70 JZ4RT roe UK R4W daXnDf

grounds is Cheval Paar, lying from . 20 IS
miles offshore at n depth Of to Sls fathoms,
and extending about 6ta miles from north to
south and Az miles from east to west
Probably the most remarkable feature OF the
Ceylon pearl fisheries is TIE extreme uncertain
ty of the supply of pearlbearng oysters, so
that from early times, and doubtless from the
very beginning, the fisheries have been most
unreliable and intermittent
1t Is a matter OF record that during the nine.
teenth century there were only 80 years when
fishing was possible. Mentioning only the
longer periods of cessation, II may be noted
that there were no fisheries In the years 1921
to 1928, In 1888 TO 1854 In 1864 to 1878. and In
1892 to 1900.
1t was this last long series OF recurring fail
ures that induced the CeylOu government to
secure the services OF an eminent English
biologist for comprehensive investigation OF
the pcarl-oyster grounds and OF the causes for
the disastrous failures The result was that a
great deal was made known concerning the
conditions of life of the pearl oyster. and for
the first time information was Afforded the
government by which the industry might be
placed on a stable basis. Forthwith in spite
of a vigorous protest, the government leased
the pearl fishery TO private syndicate and re-
tired from the business from which II had been
obtaining a large but not steady income,
AS we study the life OF the CeylOn pearl
oyster, two points Of transCendcnt Importance
are disclosed ~ The mollusk is prolific TO
an incalcuable degree and (2l It is subject
to an overwhelming mortality which at times
completely nulllhes its productiveness.
The numbers of oysters produced are abso
lutely beyond comprehension. 4 few years
ago on one paar five miles long and two miles
wide small pearl oysters were ascertained to
be present to the number Of 10 900 per square
yard, In places forming layer over the bottom
nine inches deep; one diver, who was down
only 30 seconds. brought up 1926 young oysters
by actual count. This condition Of the grounds
was determined In November by the govern
ment inspectors; in December Of the same
year no oysters whatever were found-all had
disappeared as II by magic. on another bank
known MS the Periya Paar. scientific experts In
the year 1902 estimated the number Of young
oysters at one hundred thousand million. but so
Insecure their existence that on inspection
few months later It was found that all had
been swept away
This destruction is due to variety Of
causes, but principally to two: physical agen.
cies such MS the burying Of the oysters by
Sand, which are ordinary responsible for only
4 to per cent OF the mortality: and animals
particularly fishes. OF which various kinds and
sizes feed largely on the pearl oysters, and are
cha ged with fully 80 pc" cent OF all the
losses to which the young and full-grown mol
lusks are subject
Up to a few years ago. and for more than
a century before, the British officials In Ceylon
had absolute control of the fishery. and de
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1912-05-09

which fishing Is to be allowed. (3l OF specify
ing the number of boats on each area and the
nrSnber Of days that are TO be devoted TO the
fishery. and 90 OF making an Official valua-
ton Of the prospective pearls In order that inc
fishery may be advertised.
News that n fishery is to be held travels as
by wireless telegraphy throughout Ceylon,
India and other parts of the east. and ut the
prescribed time 10000 to $4,000 people gather
in few DAYS on a strip of desert sand. With
the Persian Gulf on one side and the Jungle
on the other, at n point convenient TO the
pearloyster grounds
II can readily be understood that the pearl
town il a place OF intense activity from the
moment the government agent opens the hsh'
cry. The extensive business connected with
the mere existence Of the people would alone
be sufficient to give great hustle and life; but
added to this are the special industries de.
pendent on the various phases OF the pearl
fishery
As soon as the fishery Is over, the entire
place seems to dissolve in n day as II by magic,
the people hurry to their homes the pearl town
lapses again into a solitary sandy waste. and
the beasts of the Jungle take possession
Marchchukadd may spring into being the
next season, but may remain non.eXistent for
many years.
There Ia no particular style OF vessel spe.
CiHly required IN Ine pearl HsUeTE, anu COU'
sequently we find n great diversity of rigs,
depending largely on the regions from which
the divers come: narrow singlemasted canoes
with an outrigger, sqnaresterned luggers
large sailing lighters. three-masted canoes
and clumsy dOneys. Some of the larger
sells carry G5 men, of whom about half are
actual divers, and the average crew Of the en-.
tire fleet is 30 to IS men
Owing to the bosterous seas and strong
winds Of this region, the fishery can be con.
Quoted only during n period Of few weeks in
March and April. when the northeast monsoon
has waned and the southwest monsoon has not
begun. The fishery ia thus Of brefer dura-
ton than any other pearl fishery Of import.
ance and is characterized by n strenuousness
that s quite foreign TO the east
The fishing boats start for the grounds soon
after midnight. so as to be ready for work as
soon rs daylight comes, about G a. m. They
take positions about the government vessel
moored over the particular ground selected.
anchor, and remain actively engaged until
noon. when the entire feet sets sail and starts
for the shore As there Is crowd of pearl
merchants eagerly awaiting nm opportunity to
speculate there Is considerable rivalry among
the diving boats In the matter OF reaching land
and discharging their catch soon pos.
sbe, and consequently one witnesses some
wild scenes OF excitement when the oysters are
being unloaded in the surf and the natives are
rushing into the kottus with their catch
Except for a lon cloth, the divers are naked.
Their fingers are covered by flexible leather
shields to protect hem from the rough corns
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1912-05-09

and travellers each year. But the pearl fishery
IL so remote from Colombo that not one viEitor
in ten thousand ever goes there.
The pearl fishery OF Ceylon and Of India and
the Persian Gulf Is of very great antiquity.
and Ia thought to be the oldest established
fishery now in existence The Snhaese rec.
ofds going back to about $50 b c.. indicate
that the fisheries were then well developed,
and there is reason to believe that they -four.
ished at least 500 years before. At very
early period the pearls brought the island into
prominence abroad and were in great repute
in Rome at the time OF Pltny, who. referring to
Ceylon under the name of Taprobane wrote
that 1t was "the most productive Of pearls Of
all parts Of the world"
From the most remote period Of which there
is any record, It would appear that the pearl
fishery played very important part in the
history Of Ceylon having had rore or less
direct and intimate relations with every i'm
portant aspect Of the civilization of the island.
The information available clearly suggests that
from the earliest times the fishery con.
Quoted In much the same way as in
day-the same methods OF obtaining the pearl
oysters OF handling the catch on shore. and
OF extracting the pearls
It Is hardly necessary to state that the pearl
oyster OF Ceylon. like the pearl oyster OF other
lands, Is not an oyster at all II Is more nearly
TeiHVcu 10 tne Hubselb lnaH 10 tHe oysters, anu
It differs markedly from the latter in having n
byssus, or bundle Of tough hbers, by which
II attaches itself to the bottom.
There are pearl oysters and pearl oysters
There are the huge thick-sheed species OF the
South Seas Australia Philippines and Burma
that are as large as dinner plates and weigh 3
TO 4 pounds as they come from the water:
there are the small. thin-shalled forms Of Vene
zuela, Japan, Persia and Ceylon. that are only
n few inches in diameter and weigh only few
ounces
The large pearl oysters produce the mother
of.pear OF commerce, which is SO valuable that
the fishery is profitable even when no pearls
are obtained The smaller mollusks have little
value except for the pearls they yield.
The maximum size attained by the Ceylon
pearl oyster Is only inches, and the shells are
so thin that they may be crushed between
the fingers of an average man.
Pearl oysters are found on all parts of the
coast OF Ceylon, but exist in sufficient abund.
ance to support an important fishery only in
the Gulf OF Manaar, which is a large indenta.
ton between Ceylon and India. lying imme-
diately south of the line of giant stepping.
stones known ae Adams Bridge.
The area OF the pearling grounds is about
500 square miles. The bottom is for the most
part sand diversified by outcroppings Of cal
careous rocks. which form fiat or 1ghtly in
clined lodges on which the pearl oysters grow.
.Asgregatons of lodges constitute "paars," or
banks which centuries ago received names
that are still applied
The largest and most important of these