davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1912-11-15
ARM0R MAY BE ABANDONED
Cost and Weight on 5attIeships out Of
All Proportion to Value as
Protector.


VIM battleships soon be built with
but armor protection? Many naval
experts believe that they will. The
protective power OF armor plate has
Increased only 2.3 times in fifty years,
whereas the power Of gun IRE has in
creased In the same period eight
times. The result is that no armor
the ship can carry is of sufficient
thickness to stop the high power pro-
jectiles.
The question now agitating the ma
val constructors is whether the eff
cheney of the fighting ship will not
be increased by doing away with the
armor weight, which amounts to
about 80 per cent. of the displacement
Of the most recent vessels. This weight
handicap, which makes the war vessel
'1oggy" in seaway and perhaps dan
gerous. could be used In added gun
and steam power.
1t is argued by the no-armor crowd
that the best defense Of the vessel Is
In its own gun fire. If this can be
made powerful enough the ship will
need no other protection for it will be
able to demoralize the enemy and
prevent it from firing accurately
enough to do any damage.
1t is argued that the recent demon
STATIONS in which the United States
used the former battleship Texas as
target and the British demolished the
Edinburgh showed that the cost and
weight of armor are out of all pro-
portion to its value as a protector.
The high power shells were able to
penetrate the steel walls without diff
Guilty.
The first armored ships carried
wrought iron protection. The Mont
tor and the Merrimac were the first
on this side and the. Warrior was the
first British iron clad. The latter
had As inch armor and its nine inch
gun could penetrate eight inches Of
such armor at 5000 yards. The pres
ent vessels have armor Of from eight
cen to twenty-four inches. The pres
ent Is inch gun at 5000 yards can
penetrate about twepty-six inches of
this protection, or what is equivalent
to sixty-one inches of wrought iron.
The century old struggle between the
attack and the defense has been go
ing steadily in favor of the attack.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1912-11-15
STONE THAT HAS NO COLOR
Peculiarly Of the Opal ls Shared by
Few Other Things in Scheme
Of Nature.

The opal has no color In the sense
of Differentiation To break open an
opal in order to observe it's hues would
be the equivalent to killing the goose
that laid the golden eggs. Neither
golden eggs no rainbow hues would
be found.
Opal consists OF hydrated silica. 1t
is not uniform in texture. II the WORD
surface may be used for interior con-
ditions, it might be said that the opal
inc silica is in the form of surfaces
and layers that lie compactly against
one another. These layers refract the
light at various angles, giving forth
the colored flashes in the same way
that pure crystal prism refracts the
coIors OF the spectrum. Technically
speaking, these layers of silica are
said to possess a different index Of
refraction from that of the matrix.
AS the opal is moved the various lay
ers break the light into colors, which
change, of course, according to the po-
sition of the stone.
The iridescence OF nacre. or mother
of-pearl, is also matter Of form and
not actual color. In fact, all change
able" colors are more or less the re-
suit of form even where there Is pig
mentation beneath, such as in certain
ribbed silks. When sunlight bears d.
rectly upon finely ribbed metal, as q
file, there is the same play of colors.
In the case of mother-of-pearl an in
teresting experiment has been made.
An impression of the pearl was taken
upon pure white wax. 1t was found
that the apparently smooth surface of
the pearl had still sufficient irregular
tiles to impress upon the wax sur
face that resulted in similar color
manifestations Harper's Weekly.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1912-11-15
First Tweed Trousers.

Sir Walter SCOTS black and white
tweed trousers figured in paper deal
ing with the designing and coloring Of
Scotch tweeds read by Thomas Welsh
at the opening session of the Textile
congress at Harwick. The author was
one of the earliest wearers of the
tweed and the first pieces made were
In the black and white design.
Colored checks were introduced by
accident. manufacturer had made a
number of pieces and the white was
so impure and soiled they could not be
sold. Then some one suggested that
if the pieces were dyed brown the
defect would be covered. The sugges-
ton was acted upon and new check
of black and brown was the result.
The new color was sent to London
and sold rapidly. 1t was short step
to dye black and green and blue, and
to make broken checks and the trade
increased amazingly.
Ideas for colors were collected in
the bed of the River Garry and the
pass of Killiecrankie. It was now pos
sible for lady to have a reversible
skirt made up in such way that she
might appear at one time in a modest
blue and at another in the tartan Of
her clan.-London News and Leader
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1912-11-15
Golf That Is Mostly Ball Hunting.

There are two sorts of golf. One is
where you do not hunt for the ball.
Those who play the other sort are
never found in the championship rec
ords. They traverse the links with
amateur caddies or with no caddies
at all. They sally out in twos, threes
or tours, and play all against all.
They expect to spend most OF the
time in ball hunting, which they have
reduced to science. They spread
out in line and walk the suspected
area, each rallying to the others need.
Only when the bah is found does the
game continue, and the players are
lucky If they do nine holes before
luncheon.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1912-11-15
CIVIL WAR SHELLS IN TREES

The last battle Of the Civil war of
any Importance was that In April,
1865, at Bentonville, Johnston coun-
ty, twenty-five miles from Raleigh.
N. C. To this day many trees OF
large SIZE. notably the pines. show
the effect of cannon fire and in some
cases of the extremely hot musketry
fire.
Albert Ross. a farmer. recently cut
some timber and burned the badly
shaped portions. There was a series
of explosions and the workmen fed
Shells embedded in the wood had ex-
ploded and fragments were hurled
in all directions.
For years sawmill men have been
very careful about handling the tim
Der from this section. because saws
have been almost ruined by striking
embedded bullets.
General Sherman declared that at
Bentonville he received the greatest
setback on his-famous march through
Georgia and the Carolinas.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1912-11-15

Lapland. In Siberia and In China,
where few black diamonds have
been found. Europe has produced
very few of the brilliant stones.
In North America small stones have
been found in alluvial deposits, most
ly auriferous, in Georgia, North and
South Carolina. Kentucky, Tennessee,
Wisconsin, California, Oregon. In
diana and Arkansas.
Small Ones Found in Arkansas.
Localities have been determined in
Arkansas which In 1911 yielded %
carats per 100 loads of is cubic feet
output This production, according to
the form adopted In the African re-
ports (O28 carat per load. Is the
same as that of tho Kimberley mine,
but the diamonds are small. One.
however, was found which weighed
eight and one-eighth carats, fine
stone, and others have been report
ed found which weighed two carats
In Jefferson county, Illinois, near
Ashley, several stones have been
found, the largest of which weighed
four carats.
Particular interest has been evinced
by American experts in the diamonds
found in Wisconsin. Michigan and
Ohio near the Great Lakes, for in
each case they were found in Sha gla-
cial drift along the line Of the ter
minal moraine supposed to have
spread southwark from the region OF
Hudson bay.
Generally speaking. however, out
side of the mines in South Africa, Bra
zil India and Borneo, diamonds may
be said so far to merely occasionally
occur in the rest of the world. Hence
the interest in the recent discoveries
in the Belgian Congo.
OF the great diamonds. the Cullinen.
picked up in the Transvaal in 1905,
was the wonder of the world. It
weighed 3,0251a carats. was bought by
the Transvaal government for 81 ,000-
600, and presented to King Edward
VII. It was cut in 1908 into nine
stones and SO smaller brilliants. The
two largest stones thus created are
the largest In existence They weigh
respectively in carats 5161s and
300 3-16
Others are the Nizam of Hyderabad,
279 carats, owned by the rajah of
Wattam and valued at $1.500.00O.
The Orloff, 194 carats, valued at
$1,500,000, and serving as an orna-
ment in the scepter of the Russian en-
peror.
The Dorya-i-nur and Taj-e-mah, 1856
and 146 carats, respectively, are the
property of the shah of Persia.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1912-11-15

After lying IN the Hamoaze at Dew
onshire for over century the two
decked line-of-battleship, Implacable.
one of the trophies which Nelson won
for the British navy, has been moved
to Falmouth, where she is to be pre-
served as national monument. The
Implacable was originally the French
battleship. Duguay Trouin. She was
captured by the British in the wars
of over century ago. recaptured by
the French. and again surrendered
to the British at the battle of Traf-
algar. Renamed the Implacable, she
was for many years employed at De-
vonport as training ship for boys.
In 1908 the admiralty put her in the
sale list, but before the sale she was
withdrawn to preserve her. She has
been restored at Davenport as nearly
as possible to her original state.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1912-11-15
QUEER ORIGINS OF WORDS

20, dear" is equivalent to 0 dio milo.
20, my God!"
"Dandelion!' is dent de leon (the
lions tooth), and vinegar" was once
vim aigre (sour wine).
Madame is my lady" and sir has
been extracted from the Latin Sc
nior" through the French.
Biscuit keeps alive the Latin bis
coctus (twice cooked) and a verdict"
is simply a we're dictum (true say
ing).
Kings in the earliest days were
merely the fathers of families" and
the word is derived from the same
source as kin
A villain" before the stigma or
disgrace was attached to him, was
laborer on the villa of Roman coun-
try gentleman.
Pope Ia the same az papa" and
car and kaiser are both Caesar.
Queen at first meant wife" or
mother" and a survival Of its early
Specification exists in "luean' used
now only in bad sense.
"Hussy'' was once a respectable
housewife; a sknave" was simply a
boy.
Quelquechose we havo jumbled into
"kickshaws," and our "gewgaws" rep
resent the jouxjoux or playthings or
former French children.
"Jimminy' is a "Reminiscences or the
classical adjuration. o gemini. used
by the Romans when they called up
the twins, Castor and Pollux. to help
them
"Powwow comes from the North
American Indians.
The word boss comes from the low
Dutch and means master.
Kidnap comes from the mapping or
Etealing of kid, gypsy for child.
Calaboose. prison: picaroon, pi-
rate; palaver. to talk, are all Spanish.
"A rum chap" is simply gypsy
lad; it has no relation to the product
of the STILL
Pal is a brother, and "conk." for
nose, comes from the spouting foun-
tain. the concha of the Romans.
Demijohn comes from the Arabic
damaghan, itself taken from the Per
sian glass making town Of Demaghan
The common slang word mash
is from beautiful gypsy word ma
fada," which means Ito charm by the
eyes"
Why should a man be called
spoon? Why spoony when he Is max
ing love? Simply because he is
"loe1el," which also means spoon.
A tinkers dam has nothing to do
with swearing. 1t is merely the dam
or storpage. made of -four and water,
with which the tinker stops the gap
he is mending until the tin or the
pewter he is using has cooled.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1912-11-15
Estimating.

They were coming down town in the
Fifth avenue bus.
do you know what, I'm jutht
crafty for?'' lisped she to him. "One
OF thothe cute thapirs and diamond
ringth for the little finger. Would
that be very expenthive?"
'That would depend" said he sage
ly, ION how large the sapphires and
diamonds are"
Well" said she. considering, Il
should thertainly want them large
enough Then. after > pause. "How
much would that cotbt2 New York
Evening Sun.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1912-11-15

Newest diamond field dlscov-
cred in kasai River district, Bel
gian Congo, West Africa, 1900
miles north of the Kimberley
mines.
The mines of the South Az
rican Union, notably the De
Beers group at Kimberley, South
Africa, furnish 95 per cent. OF
the worlds diamond supply.
Their annual output Is about
$44,ooo,o0o.
Since their discovery in 1867
they have added to the worlds
wealth $500, 100000.
The remaining per cent. of
che worlds supply comes from
India, Brazil, 5orneo and Aus
traIia.
There are many diamond oc-
currences in the United States,
but none so far Of commercial
consequences.
The CuIIinan, found In the
TransvaaI in 1908, weighed
3,o253s carats and was the great
est ever discovered. Two of the
1o5 stoned cut from 1t, 516Ia and
800 3-16 carats, are the largest
in existence.
The Tiffany diamond, 1855
carats, is the largest in the
United States.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1912-11-15
MAN HAD SEVEN SPLEENs

An autopsy performed by DR.. A. w.
Foertmeyer on the body of Frank
Heley, who died at the city hospital OF
Cincinnati, revealed that Heley had
seven distinct spleens. In an ordinary
body only one ID found. The mans
heart was found on the right side OF
the body instead OF on the left.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1912-11-15
HORSE OMNIBUS AS cURIo

In London, as in other cities. the
automobile is displacing the horse to
such an extent that horse-drawn We
hicles are becoming very scarce. Not
long ago a hanson cab was placed
in the London museum at Kensington
palace. and now, in anticipation Of
its becoming forgotten curiosity. a
horse omnibus of the knife board"
pattern. dating from the seventies.
has been placed in the same museum.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1912-11-15
ASKS KISS, ENDS HER LIFE

Miss Ada WEIGH of 2206 Olive street,
st. Louis, accosted a stranger on the
street in Pascogula, Miss, saying: Il
have been nlistreated by the world,
and now before l die l want to feel
for once in my life the touch of hui
man kindness Please kiss me-" The
man kissed her. Then she drank poi
son and died instantly.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1912-11-15

plaster of Neighbor Du Toit's hut an
83-carat diamond which sold for $780,
600. That stone is now famous as the
"Star of South Africa"
That was the beginning OF the De
Beers group of mines, which, with 9TH
ers in the South African Union in the
immediate vicinity. furnish the world
today with So per cent of it's dia-
monds.
The De Beers group in Griqua Land
West, South Africa, embracing an
area little more than three miles in
diameter, consists of five mines, and
is by far the greatest producer. as in
dicated in the returns for 1911 OF the
South African Union, as follows:
De Beers. 1,924,2a5 carats, valued at
$24,69O,43O.
Premier. 1.774,2Os carats. valued at
$7169,S5O
Jagersfontein, 3Ss,SS1 carats, valued
at $4.96S,S95.
Koffyfontein, 1898 carats, valued
at $1,473,165.
Others, including the Voorspoed.
will bring the product of the Union
mines to 1891 1913 carats, valued at
SAB, TAB, 500.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1912-11-15
From the De Beers Camp.

The total output to 1911 OF the De
Beers group, the mines in the South
African union and other German
Southwest Africa may be placed in
value at 5000, 1000, 900, and this amount
may be doubled again by the cost of
cutting and other expenses.
In the De Beers group the greatest
depth 1901 feet, has been reached in
the main rock shaft of the Kimberley
mine. The highest level, 46S feet, is
in the Du Toit.
From 1889 to June 80, 1910, $685.
BIG loads Of material have been taken
from the De Beers group alone This
would make mass 500 feet square
and 5,736 feet high. Yet the dia-
monds taken from this blue ground
could be packed In case five feet
square and four feet high They
would weigh 26,967 pounds troy, and
would be valued at $405,000,000.
It may be said in this connection
That brilliant cut diamond weighing
one carat is worth 1000 times it's
weight in gold, and this value in
creases with size.
The mines in German Southwest Az
RIGA produced in 1911 1886 carats,
valued at s5,325.000.
Other tabulated returns for 1911 in
clude 1900 carats from the diggings
on Gwyder river near Inverell. Aus
tralia. and S,025 carats from British
Guinea.
No official returns have been pub
lished OF the yields from Borneo or
from the Brazilian mines at Minas
Geraes and Bahia, but they have been
thrown In the shade by the South Az
rican production, just as the Indian
mines. so far as the worlds supply Is
concerned. may be said to be ex.
tinct
AS to other parts OF the world, di-
almond occurrences have been merely
reported In the Ural mountains. In
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1912-10-27

7 only. let YOU have st to hold IL while
now T want it back. returns Theodore
Indian giVer,' cri,J William, and they
clinchJ
'T cannot really say that Governor
Wilson WAS my first choice for the nomi-
nation" said Governor Harmon In refer
ring to tho Democratic nominee. ''bui
hc has conducted his campaign with tact
dignity and ability and there Is no rca-
son for anybody. certainly none for any
Democrat. 10 prefer either Of the candl-
dates 10 him"
Governor Harmon's speech was AN at
tack on Colonel Roosevelt disci edit
Ing of President Taft and brief refer
euce To Governor Wilson near the close
Colonel Roosevelt is greedy for mower
and brutal Ia everything and every body
who stands In the way OF MS getting
and using il as he plcases. And the only
definite thing :le proposes is TO put the
great private industries OF the country,
which have no pUnlIc character like the
railroads under control or commission
TO oe appointed by the president This
ia the most monstrouS proposal ever made
seriously IN a free country"
Referring to President Taft the COVER
nor said:
'As he was nominated only by a bare
ma jo,iSr in the face or most bitter oppo- =
sitiou which has since taken tho form OF
an organic OIL Utbrcak in his party. he
comes before tho voters discredIted by
nearly. il not quite half or his own polit-
icaI comrades.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1912-10-27
BEVER|DCE BEFORE
SENATE COMMITTEE
Says FIc Received $4,000
From G. w, Perkins, All Of
Which Was Returned.

WASHINGTON, oct aG.-Former
before tho Clapp committee today cor
| roboratcd other testimony that in his
| 1901 camp3ign for the senate he re.
rcircd $4,000 from George W. Fer
tins, $4,000 from Edward J.. McLea n
and $500 from clifford Pine hot Mr.
Perkins hal testified he gave Beycridgc
$4,000 Which wag returned
BcvcriIEc testified that be received
ono draft of $4,000 and two certiti-
Gates of deposit for $4,000 each from
Perkins. but conld NOT remember
whether the three remi ttanccs were
sent together or separately. Bever-
idge said he returned all Of the money
on the day after election. He pro.
dnced letters to both George w. Per
kins and T.. l.. Mclean returning the
money, Each was witnessed and signed
by Il. G. Rothschild John r. Hayes,
Larsc Whitcomb and Thomas H i,bipp
Tho Endorsement on each letter certified
that The witness had seen the money
lncloseI in the letters and seen the lat
ter scaled and sent.
Mr., bcveridsc said no other funds
were furnished him by Mr. Perkins
Did he give YOU any money to finance
the Indianapolis Star7'' asked Senator
Pomercne.
"Sir?p exclaimed the witness, lean.
ing forward In surprise
Senator Pomcrcne repeated the ques
ton.
"No. ] know absolutely nothing of
anything Of that kind answered Mr..
Beveridgc.
"My information is said Senator
Pomcrenc, "that Mr.. Perkins supplied,
through YOU, $26o.0o0 to finance the
indianapolis Star
Mr.. Bcveridge said he had never
heard of any transaction Of that kind. -
u. G. Starr Of Indiana, testified that
in the 1901 campaign he was chairman
of tho executive committee of the Re-
publican state committee of Indiana
and was also chairman OF the leeis]a-
tive committee that tear. lie could
make no statement as 10 the amount of
money spent IN the legislative cam
raign. Ills recollection was that the
state committeoTrcccivcd S125,00O from
the national committee for use in In.
diana. OF that he testified that per-
haps $4,000 was received early in DC. |
tobcr and the remainder lust before
election
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1912-10-27
Fight in Minnesota.

Minnesota was for a time considered
deostable ground and IT was believed
that Roosevelt might carry the state.
but lu the last few weeks in the cam.
paion there has been a very noticeable
detection from the Roosevelt ranks,
Governor Ebrrbardt s open declaration
for Mr.. Taft and former Governor
Lind g warm cspousal Of the cause of
Wilson have augmented the strength Of
lhcso two at the expense Of Roosevelt
aud the final estimate shows n probable
vote of 100000 for Wilson and / 10 600
for Taft, with Roosevelt third with So
600.
Iowa, the Republican stronghold. will
declare for Wilson by at least 10000
votes. Taft viii run third, 10000 votes
behind Roosevelt.
In Kansas aud Nebraska Roosevelt
will run second 10 Wilson, while Taft
will show very little strength in either
stutc.
North Dakota probably viii declare
for Roosevelt The Taft vote ,hcre win
be negligible, but the Democrats have
not yet given up hope that tho split
between Taft aud Roosevelt will ca.
able the Democrats TO capture the elec.
toral vote.
South Dakota presents an odd stpa.
ton. There VIII Inc no Taft electors on
the ballot in that state. the Taft cIcc-
tors thero having declared for Roosc.
volt. Therefore tho issue will bc clear
" drawn between the Democrats and
III Progrcssives, leayiur tho old line
Republicans who favor Taft 10 oppOr.
tunity 10 make showing. The latest
report from South Dakota indicates
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1912-10-27
Conditions in South.

Washington viii fall into the Roose
vclt column. Ont OF the total vote Of
apDroXimatcly 2S0.000. Roosevelt is fg
urcd 10 hold about 10000, while vii.
Ison will run second with $4,000, and
Taft third with $4,000.
In the south the Progressives are
makiu" very strong claims concerning
what they will do in Tennessee and
Kentucky. But claims amount to lit.
tie and tbc actual test Of sentiment
made by the Examiner shows that those
two states arc safely within the Demo.
cratic ranks.
a surprise will be sprung IN West
Virginia. whore the normal Republican
majority viii be converted into Dom,
ocrafic plurality by reason OF divis-
ion in thc vote between Roosevelt and
Taft. The Indications are that MIR,
Wilson will have a clear 10000 plurality
N that Siufc