davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22
=
Warren Miller

ment, and all seed annually. Tho flowers are
miserable little catkins Of green pin-headed
dowerets. in clusters Of four OF i've catkins on
a sheaf.
specimens of the chestnut:oak family. If you
pick up leaf with scalloped edges and find
big acorn with long oval nut, over an inch
long, with fine. scalp cup. that's q. prinus, the
Chestnut oak. 1t has very strong. hard wood,
durable in soil and water, used for fencing
and railroad ties Bark is fine for tanning op-
erations and it grows well as simple or stand
ard coppice, as described in my previous series
on European Forestry. Another form OF chest
nut oak is known as Yellow oak. with a leaf
startlingly like the chestnut itself, but the
acorn gives it away. The illustration shows
a representative leaf. Both the chestnut oak
are annual seeders and their value in forestry
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22

your memory against the time you want a
very hard wood. Otherwise leave 1t severely
alone, except to clean 1t out forest weed.
It belongs to the bristle-ttpped and pointed
leaved families of oaks, of which the red oak
is the representative and most valuable spe
cies Seeding Is biennial. Sylvicutural treat.
ment Of red oak about the same as white oak
except that the seeding cut must be trife
moro open. The red oak is claimed to be a
faster grower than the white and it Ger.
tainly overtops 1t and crowds it out in direct
competition l am Of the opinion, however,
that If the white oak is given an equal amount
OF sunlight it will give a crop of mature trees
within ten years Of the corresponding planta-
ton OF red oak. From the carpenters point Of
view there Is no comparison between It and
the white oak, nor is there when 1t comes to
market value as the white commands nearly
double the figure. Personally find red oak
much easier to work, rather brashy, and no.
where near so strong as the white. It is
hardy, aggressive grower in the forest, and
you will know 1t by its large, darkgreen,
shiny. pointed, lobed leaves and it's big blunt
acorn with the fiat saucerlike cup. This acorn
is the distinguishing feature, as the black oak
has very similar leaf but it's acorn is half
enclosed in green, scaly cup. The red oak
has the smoothest bark of any Of them,
nearly black, greenish tinged on the north
o1uo. Leaves tu1u d uccp Ieu, ldlo III OCIOOeT.
Now that white oak is getting so high priced
the red Is used great deal in interior house
trim. 1t will grow on dry soils, which fact
often decides it's choice as the forest species
when choosing between it and white oak.
Its cousin the black oak. and the scarlet
oak, O. cocinea, so like 1t in leaf that all
that can be said is that the leaf is more Deep
ly notched and heavier-veined. You must
look to the acorn to be sure Both scarlet and
black have deep-cupped. scaly acorn, and the
inner bark Of the black oak is orange-yelow,
making fine dye, used in medicine as querci-
tron and in the industries for tanning Wood
sells as 'red oak" The scarlet oak is much
smaller tree. growing best in plenty Of sun
light; inner bark reddish, kernel of the acorn
is white while that of the black oak is. yellow
Both of them have gorgeous orange and scar
let foliage in October, and are useful for orna.
mental trees.
All through our moist ravnes and creek bot.
toms you will find tall slender oak growing
in natural pure stands, with a notched, peaky
leaf like the red and black oaks. But under
the tree you are sure to find abundant small
round acOrns with shallow cups, almost
smooth. The little acorns are half an inch
long and very pretty, sometimes with delicate
light stripes running longitudnally. This tree
is the Pink Oak or water oak, q. palustris.
Wood is coarse and not durable; sells as "sec-
ond" red oak Pin oak, beech and black gum
are, however, the three toughest woods In the
forest. Sylviculturally the tree has no value:
when you take one out replace it with a swamp
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22
Scarlet Oak.

l1shed commercial enterprise with US, whereas
our present system of taxing annually the en-
tire value of the stand is most unjust and one
of the biggest hindrances to the introduction
of commercial forestry in place Of our present
speculative numbering
The Prussians have worked out commercial
forestry to mathematical science They
know to dot just how long given forest of
kiefer, or sylvester pine, will take to reach ma
turity, just how much thinning is best and when
TO do it, Just the right age and soil for the
plantations, every known disease Of the tree
and It's remedy, and just where to market ev'
cry splinter of 1t at maximum profit. And
their government encourages them with COM
pulsory fire protection from the railroads and
Just tax laws. The same system prevails with
the spruce and fir of Saxony and the hard
woods of Hesse and Westphalla, so that they
make from $3.50 an acre per year In the spruce
of Wurtemburg to $3.50 in the sylvester pine
forests of Prussia. and the annual yield from
but thirty-1ve million acres Of forest is four
and one-haf billion board feet! But we are
far from any such exact knowledge of our tree
species as this, and we have over hundred
species where they use but seven. And 1t is
well-known fact that many of our expert
ments In clear cutting and planting have so
far failed After ten or twelve successive gen.
erattons Of foresters have studied out our best
species for pure stand raising and we have,
it were, grown up with our forests and know
chem as do the older nations, this system will
be applicable on large scale with US. 1t is
being applied now to certain extent with
white pine, as witness the numerous success
Full though young. stands Of white pine in New
England. The total area of planted forest with
us is now about 100000 acres. The total land
chat would yield best on planted forests is
mora than 6H 600 200 acres
The French system Of futaie regulaire, or
standard forest, is the more likely one for us
to use, or rather to grow into, for are In
for at least fifty years Of selective forests be-
fore any extensive use Of standard forest
be introduced. In the French system three
cuts arc necessary when the forest reaches
maturity: The seeding cut is first made, let
ting in sun on the forest floor, and varying in
amount widely, depending upon the species OF
the tree The next fall Of seeds from the seed
ing trees results In a dense floor OF young
shoots for the suns warmth Is present to ger
inmate and to feed the young trees with sun
light Then follows the secondary cut, when
the trees have reached the age Of five years
and are tough enough to allow cutting opera
lions without too many Of them being killed
This cut takes nearly all the old trees, leaving
enough to protect the young thcket from wind
frost and drought. The terminal cut follows
when the young trees reach about ten years
of age and takes the last Of the old stand.
First thinning begins five years later and con-
tnues every ten years until the main stand
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22
BeIated Information.

Albert Morris Bagby was being co.,
graduated at the Waldorf-Astoria in
New York on the success of his "mu.
steal mornings"
Il impute my success" he said, ITO
the fact that engage no talent that
don't know thoroughly. In entertain
ment, as in matrimony, knowledge is
most important"
Then Mr.. Bagby smiled and said:
1.-TWO ladies were talking the other
day about the Chinese revolution. The
younger lady said:
"1sn't it dreadful in China? A wom-
an doesn't know her husband till she
marries him.
"rhe other lady, a divorce, answer
ed bittnS!y:
81 didn't know my husband till I
married him, either" - St. =. Louis
Globe Democrat.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22

man has terrors for you, there is no
reason why you should not set it out In
white pine. or sylvester pine, or what
ever species your state forester specifies as
suitable for the soil and climate. Keep cattle
and running fires out Of the woodlot, plant out
your spare acorns every chance you get, use
up the weed trees for cordwood, and take out
worthless trees wherever they are crowding
the young oaks, and you will soon be in fair
way to own valuable oak stand. The same
is true of small forest tracts Of few hundred
acres, the ideal sportsmans retreat You can
practice an immense amount of culture for
estry during your hunts and camps and wan
behring's about your tract. Here and there will
be predominating areas of valuable species
which only need a little encouragement to take
up the whole land. You are always using fire.
wood out of the tract. Make that firewood pay
by planting the room each tree leaves with
half-dozen oak or pine seeds, or, better, keep
little nursery Of white pines and white oaks
and draw from 1t as you take out worthless
stun. white pine twelve years old is very
respectable little specimen twenty feet high
and three inches across the butt. In six years
1t 1s higher than your head, and wants at least
twenty square feet of room, so, before you
know 1t, what was once clump of soft naples
and white birches is now thicket of thrifty
young pines. AS regards the oaks, a sharp
stick and your heel is all they need to put the
acorn down two inches into the mulch. There
ought to be one Seeding every ten PAGES. with
a reasonable chance at the sun, all over that
part of your forest where oaks are wont to
grow.
AS the oaks are the most important family
OF the hardwoods, and one III which every sports
man is interested, will just run over in re-
view the most widely distributed members of
the family in our country. We blessed
with many species. suitable to all kinds of soils
and climates. At the head of the family stands
the white oak, quercus alba, the noblest tree
in our forests. You will know him by the
familiar deeply notched leaf with nine regular
lobes disposed four on a side with one at the
end. Along in October it turns fine copper
color and then brown, hanging on all winter,
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22


seeds. When sure that the reproduction
has been acquired, proceed with the secon.
Diary cut, taking but one tree in two to
three, more or less, depending upon whether
spring frosts are to be feared. secondary
cut may be necessary In the Judgment of the
forester, two years later, before proceeding
with the final cut Clearance of the seedlings
is almost always necessary, as the young oak
is slow and apt to be beaten out by young
beeches and naples during the first few years
OF It's infancy Thinning: Up to the age Of
low thickets the stand can be left very dense.
but from that time on proceed drastically in
favor of the dominant trees, Intervening when
you see culture necessary to aid them and In
general leaving enough of the dominated and
suppressed trees to protect the trunks of your
dominants-the trees of the future Return in
ten years, or earlier If conditions are favora.
BILE, and take out all dead and dominated trees.
and all of the dominants that are getting
crooked or being left behind, the rule being to
keep the tops of your best trees always with
little space to meet in, which space Is filed
with second stage dominated trees. Leave in
the beech subgrowth and any other tolerant
trees which add leaf-fall to the humus. The
trees will reach eight inches diameter in thirty
years and you will thin about one hundred per
acre every trip. From that time on they add
a great deal more to their volume every year,
since they grow new ring all around the
trunk which by this time is over two feet in
circumference. OF course, as you will start
with a forest with some grown trees on it.
you will arrange It so to always have some
mature cutting to do. as we'll as thinning cuts
on all other sections The management of a
forest is always a paying proposition. so long
as you choose to keep at it, and while you will
never see the final crops cut of the sections
that you regenerated. you have had good
deal Of business out of the old forest and the
thinning cuts Of the new, and your forest or
woodlot has Increased In value, not deterior-
ated, under your hands.
Closely allied to the white OAK and sold
with it, is the Swamp White Oak, quercus BIZ
color, good for your wet soils and creek bot
toms. Know it by the heavy ended, slightly
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22

white oak, The
name pin oak
comes from it's val
ue for tree nails for
house building.
Two more oaks
that have their own
peculiarities are the
Willow Oak, q.
phellos, with tiny
scale-cupped acorns
and long willow-like
leaves. and the Shin
gle Oak, with per-
fectly smooth mag.
nolia-like leaves,
smooth bark and
small shallow-cupped
acorns. Both of
these woods split
easily, and the will
low oak is tough
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22
Didn't Surprise Mrs. Flynn.

Didn't Surprise Mrs. Flynn.
Dennis Flynn, while returning from
work, took refuge under a tree during
a thunder storm. The tree was struck
by lightning and Dennis was blown
some twenty feet away by the concus-
sion and badly stunned. A neighbor
found Dennis and began the work of
resuscitation: another hurried to tho
home of Dennis to inform Mrs. Flynn
of the accident. Mrs. Flynn listened
to the neighbours account of the acct
dent with mingled terror and toy, and
when told that her husband was not
much hurt and would soon be home.
her pleasure was gratifying to behold.
AN Dinnis was twinty fate away,
did yez say?" About that, yes"
Och, my Dennis always was quick on
hts fate," said Mrs. Flynn, with =
proud shake Of her head.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22

this region has been infested by
snakes and the settler, being curious
to know from whence they came, fol-
lowed the snake to the place Of dis
appearance. Lighting piece Of pa
per, Smith threw 1t into the hole,
which was about two feet In diameter
at the mouth, but which ran back into
a cave Of larger proportions, and was
horrifed to see hundreds Of snakes
crawling about. come coiled and many
lying apparently dormant
Within IN hour the news reached
Three Form and hunters came armed
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22

10 best In tho
shape of tan-bark
coppice.
A widely dis
tributed and in
teresting oak, but
Of no value in
forestry is the
Black Jack. You
will know 1t at
81 ght by t h 9
blunt-ended leaf
with three lODeS,
ugh b a c X
bark { s m o o t h
higher up the
tree) and small
stemless cor
with scaly cup.
As a WOodsman,
mt. II down in
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22

see q patcn OF Drown
foliage amid the
bare tree trunks,
it's either a white
oak or a beech.
Look under the tree
In early October or
late September and
find the long oval
acorn. brown and
light yellow. They
grow usually In
pairs with a rough
knobby cup, not
scaled, bowl shaped.
The bark is light
gray, som 9 W h a t
rough and Young
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22

trees have many little tufts Of twigs up and
down the trunk, which will develop into side
branches If the least sun gets down to them.
The wood is strong and hne-no comparison
with such brashy specimen as the red oak.
Just try the two with plane and saw, and
report on the difference in working. None but
sharp-edged tools need apply with white oak.
In forestry the white oak. that u.s. its equiva-
lent quercus robur is grown, pure, in big for
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22

with stones, sticks and guns. A noise
was made at the mouth o. the hole
and the snakes, becoming angry. SAL
lied forth to fight When the noise
failed to bring them, long poles were
used to prod the reptiles. As the
snakes emerged from the cave they
were slaughtered, and at the end OF
the killing, 24o dead ones were count
ed. None of the attackers had been
bitten, though some had narrow e.
capes. Some Of the snakes were from
three to four feet in length and had
many rattles. while many were young
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22

tougher wood. It is also called the over-cup
oak, technical name quercus macrocarpa Leaf
has a big lobed head with two very deep
notches about halfway down. Bark of twigs
always has corky wings, and the acorn Is very
large with scaly fringed cup. This tree grows
across the whole United States to Montana, as
far south as the latitude of New York City, par
allel 40 degrees. All these white oaks Will
grow sylviculturally under the sar1e treat
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22

and with one rattle each. The party
was about to leave, when one man
fired shotgun blindly into the den
and a long pole brought into use
pulled fifty more dead reptiles from
the hole.-Three Fork (Mont.) Letter
to the Butte Miner.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22

lobed leaf, and the
rather sman bottle
shaped acorns, in
pairs on a stem
anywhere from an
inch to three
inches long. The
leaf Is something
like that OF the
black jack, but the
acorn, the bark
and the size Of the
tree will prevent
confusing it. A
third tree in the
white oak class Is
the Burr Oak, but
with harder and
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22
CAVE CROWDED WITH SNAKES

stead settler, who ran all the way to
Three Forks to report the find and to
get assistance. At least one hundred
men and boys went to the scene and
three hundred rattlers Of all sizes were
killed.
Smith was prospecting In the gulch
when he saw 4 rattlesnake crawl in.
ITO a hole several yards above his head
on the slope Of tho ravine. For years.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22

have but little
fire risk and no
patrol expenses,
as something Is
always going on
In nearly all tho
sections 50 that
there are plenty
of God 8 m g n
about to head of
incipient fires.
When we get q
sane system of
state forest taxa
ton taxing only
the value of the
yearly Trimmings
and the final for
est crop, such
forestry will be-
come an estab-
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22

reaches maturity.
The thinning cuts
are worth about
one-third the value
OF the final crop.
This little outline
will give an idea Of
now much knowl-
edge and judgment
Is demanded Of the
forester. Unless he
knows exactly what
he is doing. the
method is danger
Gus and apt to re-
suit in failure of tn. i.
reproduction, reQul&
ing excessive plant
ing. In France sue
cessive generations
Of forests have
worked It out to a
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22

small private tracts, IN =
combination Of the French
system with ordinary Sc
lective forestry, that is,
taking out ripe trees here
and there az they ma
ture. II you have a fair
sprinkling Of good oaks
on your woodlot, there Is
no reason why you should
not encourage them a lit.
tie by giving them a
chance to extend. II you
have a tract of barren
land hardly worth pastur-
age and for which the tax
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22

the best medicine on earth for women"
Mrs. JENNIE GREEN, Covington, Mo.
How Mrs. Cline Avoided
Operation.
Brownsville, Ind.-''I can say that
Lydia E. Pinkham' Vegetable Compound
has done me more good than anything
else. One doctor said I must be opera
ted upon for q serious female trouble
and that nothing could help me but an
operation.
II had hemorrhages and at times
could not get any medicine to stop them.
Igotins such aweak condition that would
have died if I had not got relief soon.
"Several women who had taken your
Compound, told me to try it and I did
and found it to be the right medicine to
build up the system and overcome
female troubles.
II am now in great deal better health
than ever expected to be, 50 I think I
ought to thank you for it. Mrs. o. NJ.
CLINE, S. Main St., Brownsville, Ind.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22

ests In Europe. Seeding
cut somber. giving a quite
shady forest floor with
not very many trees re-
moved, and be careful to
do it evenly so that no
very open spaces are left.
Scratching up the humus
with the three tined for
est rake to allow the
acorns to find plenty Of
crevtces to drop into is
imperative . just before
the fall Of the acorns.
Seeding should be COM
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22
Posse In Montana Seizes Chance to
Wipe Out Dreaded Menace to the
Community.

The citizens Of this community were
highly xcited yesterday by discov.
cry OF q den of hundreds Of rattle
snakes in the side Of Rattlesnake
Gulch on the Peoples ranch, several
miles from the city. The discovery
vas Gade BY Amos Smith. 4 home
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22

Wc D meOlClne0, Al
everymonthly period
I had to stay in bed
-four days because of
henorrhages, and
myback was soweak
I could hardly walk.
I have been taking
Lydia E. Pinkham's
Vegetable Com
pound and now I can
stay up and do my
work. I think It 10
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22

The Keynote.
Knicker-I thought simplicity was
to be the keynote of your gowns.
Mrs. Knicker-It is; have simply
got to have them.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22
W. sAoE RoucLAs

'2.25 ESQ 600 $50 400 & 300
For MEN, WOMEN and BOYS
F Fed S1 ovGR - 3 3 SG1kite ..
THE NEXT TIME YOU NEED SHOES
give WI Douglas shoes q trial WI
ass ass an: On sss ;1sas
for the money than other makes. Ii;s
name and price stamped On the bottom
protects tie wearer against high prices
and mfesior shoes. Insist upon having
thegenniins WI. Douglas Shoes. TAKE
= s g =; D.:
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22

right handy to good transportation and con-
tinually producing an annual yield, would be
ideal, for the trees grow so straight that ev-
erything from the three-inch trimmings up to
the sixteeninch fullgrown trees are market
able at profitable rates and have their use in
the economy Of the national life of Germany
The trees reach sixteen-inch diameter in sixty
year revolutions, are protected from fire along
the railroad right-of.Way by fire borders and
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22

and pliable enough when none better can be
had for the purpose. In conclusion, would
mention the Post Oak Of the Southwest, the
white" oak of that section, deeply lobed
(seven); strong wood; small, sweet acorn
scale-cupped.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22
4Iiseful Ignorance.

"Have you seen Joe lately"
why, yes; saw the old chap yes
@erday. And what do you think p
he's going to be married?"
Can it be possible? To whom"
Hes going to marry Mary Merrie. J"
what! Why, I didn't know they
knew each other
'They don't. That's why they're 60
ing to be married."
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22
Modest.

Modest.
What a modest man he is!
"Why?"
He got q raise In pay the other da
and didn't claim that it was unsolif
tied"
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22

The Remedy that revolutionizes and re-
generates the victim of constipation 10
Garfield Tea. q herb combination.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1912-03-22

DR.. Pierce's Pellets, small, sugar-coated
easy to take as candy, regulate and invigor-
ate stomach, liver and bowels. Do not gripa,