The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1912-03-14
By ROALD AMUNDSEN.

served. Published by special az.
rangements.
Hobart, Tasmania, March Son
the 10th Of February, 1911. we com.
menced to work our way toward the
south, from that day. to the 18th OF
April establishing three depots, which
In all contained a quantity OF pro-
visions Of about 5000 kilos. One
thousand six hundred kilos, including
1.100 kilos of seal meat, were cached
In 80 degrees. 700 kilos in 81 degrees
and 800 kilos In 81 degrees south
latitude.
AS no landmarks were to be seen,
these depots were marked with flags.
seven kilometers on each side In the
easterly and westerly directions.
The ground and the state of the
barrier were Of the best, and speci-
ally well adapted to driving with
dogs. On February Is, we had thus
travelled about 100 kilometers. The
weight of the sledges was 300 kilos,
and the number Of dogs was six for
each sledge. The surface Of the bar
rier was smooth and fine with no sas-
trugi. The crevices were very local
and were found dangerous in only
two places. For the rest-long,
smooth undulations.
The weather was excellent, calm or
b light breeze. The lowest tempera-
ture on these depot trips was minus
as celsius or centigrade. (49 degrees
below zero, FahrenheiD. On the
eth Of March, on our return from the
first trip beginning on the 18th OF
February, We found out that the
Fran had already left us. With pride
and delight we heard that her smart
captain had succeeded in sailing her
furthest south and there hosting the
colors Of his country-a glorious mo-
ment for him and his comrades-the
furthest north and the furthest south
good old Fran.
The highest south latitude attained
was IS degrees Al minutes.
Winter on the Ice Barrier.
Before the arrival of winter we had
5000 kilos Of seal meat in the depots,
enough for ourselves and 10 dogs
Eight dog houses, combination OF
tents and snow huts, were built
Having cared for the dogs the turn
came to use our solid little hut. 1t
was almost entirely covered with
snow by the middle Of April.
First we had to get light and air
The Lux lamp, which had a power OF
200 standard candles gave us a bril-.
liant light and kept the temperature
up to 20 degrees celsius (6S degrees
Fahrenheit) throughout the winter,
and our excellent ventilation system
gave us all the air we wanted.
In direct communication with the
hut and dug-out on the Barrier were
work shops, packing rooms, cellars
for provisions, coal, wood and oil, a
plain bath. steam bath and observ-
atories. Thus we had everything
within doors If the weather should be
too cold and stormy.
The sun left us on the 22nd Of April
and did not return until four months
later.
The winter was spent In changing
our whole outfit. which on the depot
trips was found to be too clumsy and
Bold for the smooth surface OF the
Barrier. Besides this, as much scien-
ddc work as possible was done. and
some astonishing meteorological Cb-
seryatlons were taken.
Open Water All Winter.
There was very little snow, and
there was open water close by
throughout the winter. For the same
reason higher temperature had been
expected, but 1t remained very low.
In five months there were observed
temperatures between minus 80 and
60 degrees celsius (5S and rs degrees
below zero Fahrenheit), the lowest
temperature on the 18th of August
being minus 50 degrees celsius. II
was then calm. On the list Of August
the temperature was Linus So de-
grees celsius, and there were six me-
'e-s Of wind. The mean temperature
f.r the year was minus 26 degrees
celsius GAS below zero Fahrenheit. }
l had expected hurricane after hur
ticane, but l observed only two mod
crate storms and many excellent
auroras-australian-i all directions.
The sanitary conditions were of
the best all the winter and when the
sun returned on the oath Of August
It met the men sound in mind and
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