The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1912-09-24

trial education OF Tuskegee. has be-
come self-reliant. The county has
fifty-seven colored public schools.
Negro slavery existed to some ex-
colonies. hut u system of apprentice
ship OF white and Indian boys and
girls was common In New England In
the seventeenth and eighteenth CEN
turtles. These apprentices practically
became members Of the family. eating
at the same table. attending the same
church. and cared for 'in sickness and
farmers boy Of that era. The work
was quite hard. but not exhausting.
and until we'll into the nineteenth CEN
fury the scythe. cradle. sickle. hoe.
mandrake and fail were relied upon to
the almost total exclusion of farm ma
chinery Of any Enthusiastically Of the
Trades" National Magazine.
ReNal. which Russia proposes to
make into n Of her strongest naval
bases. has under a variety of owners
been a fortified town for many cen
turtles. The Danes were the first to
occupy and strengthen 1t to the thir-
teenth century. Then came the Han
seattle league. which made 1t one Of its
leading ports. and then in 1861 it be-
came Swedish territory. Bombard-
ments by the Danes and Russians fail
W. w ASNaNS - khO ~ WIS SUI Gil lAIIe
portant fortress when it surrendered
to Peter the Great in 1910. and since
then 1t has been greatly strengthened
by Russia. Perched on a hill within
a huge circling harbor. Reval still re-
tainS memories Of its checkered his
tory.
According to the Electrical World.
the average man d%issirates about 2.5
kilowatt hours of energy Il day in mo-
zion muscular action vSNntoy ayart1nr
and heat radiation. This is eQuiva-
lent to a continuous expenditure at the
rate of about one hundred watts. or
the rating Of n 1-S-horse power mo-
tor. In spite of his high body tenn
perature-9S.6 degrees Fahrenheit
and large %radiating surface. mans
heat losses are surprisingly small
about one-half Of the total energy ex-
penditure. AS a heating device the
average mar Is thus about equal to a
l6-candle power carbon tilament lamp.
In describing in knowledge a simple
device for recording atmospheric
electricity, Charles E. Benham points
out that perhaps the chief difficulty in
the whole science and art Of collect
ing the latter is circumventing the
mer is sufficient to earth the outdoor
part Of the collector and stop all signs
of electricity. 1t matters not how high
the collecting pole may be. for it is
never II Of reach of making their
webs at night. when the automatic re-
corder should be of the greatest value.
Even a Goa of bird -lime on the pole
does not stop the creatures. 1t is on
~ by making a radioactive collector
in the form Of a windmill. where the
web is broken by its revolutions. that
n rQn no hnnaH IN CVIr,,,n11nt thn DIFF
ficulty at all satisfactorily.
Coal centuries ago Was not appre-
ciated as it is now. William Prynne.
keeper of the records to Charles II of
England, relates that in the reign of
Edward l, when brewers. dyers ana
other a%rtificers began to use coal in
stead Of wood and charcoal. the in
hahitants of London petioned the king
against its use, declaring that it was
q public nuisance. corrupting the air
with its stink and smoke. to the great
detriment of their health" Where
upon the king prohibited its use. and
issued a commission to try all who
had offended. to punish them by fine
for the second their furnaces and kilns
were to be destroyed. The practice
was at last made a capital offense and
hanged for burning coal in London.
Naples Is about to have its under
ground railway and the concession has
now been signed. The Rivista Tecica
del Forrovie Italiane mentions that
the line is to be divided into two Sec
tons for the town and the suburbs.
INT that the tunnels are to be on the
model Of the Nord-Sud Metropolitan
Railway Of Paris. The city line is to
run entirely underground on q double
rail. eight kilometers long, and will
have fifteen stations. sever OF which
are to be served by lifts. The subur-
ban branch of ten kilometers is partly
in tunnel and partly in the OPEN. The
traction will be electric on the third
rail system and the generating station
will have a steam plant with three
turbines coupled to continuous current
generators Of 500 kilowatts each, with
two batteries of accumulators. The
cost will be about 30,000,000 francs,
and the work will take four years.
Though made for the traffic of the
town. 1t will be of great use to WISH
tors also. especially for getting quick
1y to the Circum-Vesuciana' station for
Pompeii and to the Camaldoli con-
ven