davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1912-08-04
ELECTRIEICATI0N ABROAD.


There is considerable activity at presen
in planning the electrification Of portion
Of steam railways in Europe. The chic
advantages to be secured are the greater
capacity obtained for tunnels where tn
traffic is now limited by problems of ven
| tilation, the utilization Of cheaper grade,
Of fuel. the water powers which may be
developed at low cost and the elimination
cf expensive steam pusher services OF
mountain grades.
For the present the electrification prob.
lem in England seems to be essentially
one Of heavy city suburban traffic. Sew.
eral of the large cities. notably London.
Manchester and Liverpool are confront ed
with problems Of this character. says the
Rdiltrdy Age Gazette. The operation of
the present electrical suburban systems
in England has been successful in increas-
ing traffic receipts, and the various ele-
ments which 60 to make up the installa-
ton costs. operating costs. dc. are be-
ginning to be better understood. The
directing heads Of a number Of the princi-
pal railways seem to be satisfied that
electrification IL coming and are inclined
to face the problem with considerable ag-
gressiveness.
without question the most serious
undertakings contemplated in France
to-day are those connected with the elec-
trifieation OF the steam roads at Paris.
Both the State Railways and the Paris
Orleans contemplate considerable extern
sion Of their electric suburban lines.
These electrifications will be carried out
with direct current and the third rail.
The Simplon tunnel IL the only heavy
traction system in operation in Europe
outside Of Italy and il of special interest
on account Of the long period of time it
has been in operation. This division of
the State railways Is equipped with a
three phase system. Its operation seems
to be in every way successful and salts
factory.
Judging from the appearance Of the
repair shops and the number Of men at
Brigue, where the locomotives are MAIN
tanned, the roundhouse costs for these
machines must be very low. In this tun-
mel great trouble was experienced from
and transformers due to condensat ion
when the cool locomotives passed through
the centre OF the tunnel. where there are
q number Of hot springs and the tunnel
temperatu ure H. about lis degrees +.
This condensation resulted in every por-
tion OF the electric locomotive being
drenched with water. II IN now avoided
by keeping the locomotives warm by al
lowing them to stand over pits at tho
terminals in which heaters have been in
stalled
The most important electriilcations in
Italy are the three phase insta allatioc
carried out by tho Government at Val
telina. Mont Gents and the Giovi tunnel
near Genoa. The extensions now con-
emDlAt ei involve the DlIrChASo Of gay ornI
hundred locomotives thin the next few
years.
The electric locomotives on the Genoa
division will soon. II they do not already,
haul about 5,0t0 freight cars day. inis
IL u commercial one in
every senae and il In fact by far the heavi-
+t section Of electric traction on the con-
The sun., 1912-08-04
;E:;|'
2s',o'.' 'T]g.:.
$::'. IT,:
;E;';|-;.:.' ;E;';|-;

q dealt on the rubber game and do
clared no trumps. As usual Y passed
imagining that he had a fine SUPPORT.
Ing hand. a led tho heart queen and T
unblocked BY putting on the king anC
returning the ace and nine, no that !,
ana get six heart tricks betweer
them. z whiting his hand down I,
three diamonds. two spades and tw,
! clubs. This gave him a certainty n,
MS contract as soon as the hearts rar
out.
| II was objected that had Y overcallet
| with club z would have thought Us
! hand was bust and owing to the diff.
Guilty OF going game in clubs wo,,lt
nave gone back TO the no trumper, bu,
argues differently.
III my partner overcails with q club.
| says he. that IA his five card suit, md
ne would not call n club II he had fiy,
cards In better suit. such as hearts.
or which l have none Therefore h.
mas not nvc hearts, and one adversary
or the other must have at least tina,
number.
1t In more than probable, therefore
that hearts will be led and the suit
cleared UP Immediately. Unless I can
win every trick outside the hearts
cannot 20 game. o. four hearts will
make against mo. Tho safer course.
therefore. IL to let the make stay at n
club"
original A. this scheme OF negative
reasoning seems to he It IL undoubtedly
sound and II will lie readily seen that
had Y overcalled with two clubs and 4
left that as the winning declaration they
would have made n grand slam, regard
less OF what led for the first trick.
although he would probably start with
the king OF hearts. would run II and
would give Y two dlscards OF his losing
hearts on the diamonds after the nd
verse trumps pero pulled. z rufYlng the
other two.
Here Is q rather interesting specimen
Of the sporty no trumper. which IL not
80 common now rs 1t used to be before
the new count came into vogue. For
the benefit OF those who are not familiar
With the technical terms of tho game
II should be explained that a sporty
no trumper is one that IL declared on
two suits. One OF these is usually
solid and good for six tricks and the
other is headed by the ace and king.
The argument In its favor Ia that
unless dummy has q marlborough he
must get In and the moment he gets In
he wins a trick. Add this to the six
tricks In the solid suit and the outside
ACC and king and you have nine tricks,
or three by cards and the game at no
trumps
The trouble with sporty no trumpers
In that the suit does not always turn
out to be solid and that the gamble on
the hand comes to grief. Take this case:
The sun., 1912-08-04
0ueer Things About Animals.
From me Ansners.

There are many strange facts about ami
mails which no one has ever seemed able
to understand.
A ny. for instance. will crawl to the top
of window pane. fiy back TO the bottom,
and crawl IN again. Hardly ever does IL
fly NJ and crawl down. Hons scratch for
food always with tho sun behind them. so
that its rays will reflect Oh tho tiny parti-
cles. Yet blind hen. for whom this reason
does NOT hoid. always manaRes to get the
sun behind her when she scratc hes.
Cats hardly ever lie with their feet To
the fire; In most eases they lie Instead
with their left vi dc turned towards Il.
Dogs. however, Inv ariably lis with their
iOrepaws to tn" fire. 4 mouse OverlOoks
a pnriectly safe food supply 70 ENJOY the
periiots pleasures Of an uhlim tied store.
ihrsc ',ncs ieforr Il" lies dvwn. II is h~-
cause D u remote ancestors had TO scratch
around IN the leaves or long grass for a bed
before they could fnd Y convenient nla,c
IN which TO w.
The sun., 1912-08-04

dealt and declared no trumps and
passed, holding hand that was
only q queen below average and look
Ing forward to winning a great game.
A led spade and z won the queen
With the ace. As he could not make
reentries enough in the dummy to
JUSTIFY playing for the hearts he con-
cluded to try the clubs. leading n small
one from rs hand and fineysing the
jack on the return. probably wishing
q moment afterward that he had taken
the nnesse the other way. but A would
nave covered with the fourchette II
the jack had been led through him.
A must make a club trick
Another spade lead cleared that suit
up Tor A. and n made his two club
tricks. leaving Y in the lead. The king
ana another diamond from Y made II
look to as II the only chance was
Tor a finessc In diamonds. but II let in
three spade tricks. These, with the
two hearts, set the contract for so
points.
The diamond finesse was bad play.
ana the beginner should study the
reason for not making IT, Even II Il
comes on q cannot go game. az two
py cards is the limit Of possibility
AGAINST tho situation declared by tho
play II the fnesse won z could not
drop tho queen. ten, nine, as there must
DC four diamonds IN one hand or the
other against him. z should have
made his ace Of diamonds and his con.
tract and been thankful to be 80 we'll
out Of II.
In this hand had Y overcalled with
MS f1ve card suit. weak as II Is, Y and
q would have gone game. Having
-FOUR good trumps b would probably
open his long suit. would win With
the king and lead trumps, forcing Il
into the lead again. Now II r tried
q club lead through dummys king and
JACK wins and leads another round
of trumps. putting II in again.
II b tries another club, which wou,d
oe the only play. Il wins and leads
three rounds Of spades. Y run1ns the
third round with the eight and picking
up Rs small ones. after which two ,
diamonds make. leaving Y and z four
.ricks. iou'
Here Is a case in which tho dealer !
hought he could have saved himself |
,ad no been playing with a partner
sho believed In overcalling with .nv
I've card suit. regardless Of the strenc,h
u the rest OF the hand:
The sun., 1912-08-04
81: 81: 81:
HAj6 64e
C64 Y lnaa... .
$sss, |'-12So',ss
:i::E.

Il dealt on the rubber game and bid
no trump. holding hand that was
king g-queen- jack above average and
protected in three suits. with an honor
In the fourth. A passed. Y naturally
thought his partner would be very
much pleased with the answer that Y
would lay on the table for him. no he
passed. having a hand which was at
least two Jacks and Q ten above av-
erage. although not protected In three
suits.
A word as to AS passing second hand
He cannot hope to make flve by cards
In clubs against a no trumper. there
fore he cannot bid on his own hand.
There Is no use showing the club suit
TO his partner, who cannot havo any-
thing strong enough to 30 game against
u unless It IL also strong enough to de-
feat the no trumper. II will he AS
lead, and II the clubs all make. z can
not 10 game. II they do not MARE. then
AS hand IL only good for two tricks.
ON the play. having no reentry. and
only six cards In the suit. A led a small
club which u won with the queen. COM
ing back with the seven. whereupon z
laid his cards face up on the table to
save time and told A to mako hts clubs
ana mat would he about all. This left
n ms odd trick and his contract. but
did not come anywhere near the Kamc
or III" rubber.
Let over call the no trumper with
TWO royals ana II does not matter
whether thinks the rest Of Y's hand
" DUST or not. 10 that he let's It
sanu at royals. p can lead anything
ne hkes' J ana u make four by cards.
game and rubber.
Here IN another instance In which the
dealer ana Ills partner missed a game
by not overcalling. although tho part
ncr has Just what the dealer hoped no
would have--protection in the dealers
weak fourth suit. Under ordinary cir.
cumetancss one would think the two
The sun., 1912-08-04

ms Is semicircle the diameter Of which
is exactly 100 feet. The problem il IN ma
some point on the circumference such nv
a. no matter whore. from which a Der,
pendlcuiar may be- dropped To the diam
eter and AT right angles to 1t which viii
comply with these conditions:
Each of the five distances. from A to y.
;Ato 1. to ID. { to h and Il to ID, must
he represented by a whole number, that
~. they must each be certain number
OF feet without u fraction or a decimal
entering into any OF the five dimen-
sions required The problem il to find the
point 4.
The sun., 1912-08-04
THE LOST CHoRD-AT POKER.

THE LOST CHoRD-AT POKER.
A large number Of solutions have been
received in answer to this problem, but
the majority Of them were spoiled by
introducing four Of a kind as a pat hand.
and a number Of solvers failed TO make
the dia gonals fulfil the conditions.
Some sent in reversals. as IL they we're
different solutions. but they amount
only to looking at the same arrangements
from the other side Of the table. Cards mn
be read from any side.
Four different solutions to the problem
are at hand. and the remarkable thing
about them Is that none Of them ia the
Stine as that eventually found in Prescott
and believed To bo the original. The
betting men out there. were inclined 20
wager some of their spare cash that there
could he hut one solution. but here are
four. all different from theirs. Some of
THE SrN readers may like to amuse them
selves finding out the solution that was
discovered in Prescott.
The sun., 1912-08-04
EIGHTEENTH HONOR LIST.


The four problems selected for this list
were Nos, III, l72, III and 11s, by Jay
Reed, II. c, Root. Prof. Wertenbaker and
5. &. Kinsey.
OF the experts none survives. Of the
six who thoroughly analysed No. i72, two
fell down on other problems OF the series
The only person to live through this set
with two stars to his name is Charles NJ.
Root Of Elizabeth, n j., while c. +. Darling
Of Newbury, W, has one star. The others
who solved all four of this set were o. II
boston Of Boston and James Hunter of
West Haverstraw, n. Y.
This gives "a clean slate with which to
start all over again. with "a chance for
every one to keep on tho expert list from
now on, as all cOrrecr solutions for tho
next four problems will begin without any
stars, but those who keep on solving each
series correctly will be ranked u experts
ami those who get only an occasional
series right will receive stars for each.
From each set Of ten problems four are
Aclscted for the honor list. and those who
solve all -four are entitled To "A place. Now
lot us see who will win out this time.
The sun., 1912-08-04

tinent. The results from regcnerativ.
braking have been more satisfactory than
were anticipated
An extraordinary and perhaps uneS-
pected saving has been found from the
saving in the wear Of the track rails. When
the Glovi tunnel was operated entirely ~
steam the up grade rails lasted abou'
" el We years and the rails on the down
grade tracks about three and one-hali
years. Apparently the restricted axe
movements with brakes OH the descendiuC
steam train resulted in securing action
on the rail head. At any time during the
steam operation, fresh deposits of meta c
dust from the rails and brake shoes were
to be seen on the ballast.
Since the inauguration OF electric opera
ton under the same traffic conditions
about one and one-half years ago, the in-
dicatinns are that the downgrade rails vi
last as long IA those on the up gradetrtcks,
this saving Two sets OF rails in twelv'
years.
The Italian engineers are enthusiast
over the three phase system for thcir con
ditions, and such results as have h en- oh
tanned certainly warrant their enthusiasm.
The most important contemplated de
vel3pments In Germany are in conrcnIio!
with the state owned properties About
ak years ago the engineers decided upon
the Standardization Of single phase.
upto the present time all of the Cover
ment work has been of an experiments.
character, but this has been combin'
with commercial! operation in the ca-n Of
the Hamburger -Blankenese-O Ohlsdorf line
where multiple unit motor oars are in u
The German engineers, while eXprcs' ln-
themselves as satisfied with the perform
ance OF their single phase motor cars, ar
inclined to believe that the future work o'
electrification will be carried out wlt
locomotives. the operating costs of III
Hamburg equipments having prove
eathcr high.
At Hamburg very interesting cc'"
i,arisOn between motor car operation wit1
single phase and $50 volt direct current
till soon be available, as the Hamburg-
Hochbahn, occupying for n short dls,ane'
the same right Of way AZ the Governmem
single phase line, is equipped with tho y"
volt direct current, third rail system w.
speeds of the TWO roads are pra :
tically the same, though the direct curriers'
system tiiah hs'> aii average stop N s'""t
0OO fee, $50 m as Contrust"d WITH az
average stop in t,0oo feet u,2i9 M Tor me
single phase.
The sun., 1912-08-04
:;:;:.
eY'ss' ? ]y4s.:.
:;S..' F.'|?$i:.::' :: '''
;EE:'''

u dealt on tho rubber game and de.
clared no trumps. trusting to his partner
to protect the two suits In which u
was weak. An usual It never entered
VS. head to Overcall. and It would not
have helped matters much II he had,
as the weakness IL In rs own hand
Having four honors IN his hand Y
thought tho no trumper would 60
through, 30 A led.
Starting with tho ten Of hearts. the
top Of nothing. Y covered with the
The sun., 1912-08-04
Ne@
Correct solutions from

Correct solutions from:
", A. Buckley. a. f. Stochin. Constance
Gardner. T.. {. Werdann. {. 4. r.. Fred.
erick ID. Hobbs and Harry Il. Taber.
That this problem was not easy and
that Prescott il TO be excused for lis un
belief il clear from the fact that several
correspondents have written to The SrN
to say that they spent hours on IL and did
not believe 1t could be done. One OF the
solvers says:
u am enclosing with this the element a
OF Joyfulness for Nate Reed Of Prescott
and his friends. the jeering players.
I! may say. however. that il took full five
hours for two persons who know a pa /
hand when they see 1t to arrive at the On.
closed solution. The problem was Pc
culiarly interesting"
The sun., 1912-08-04
White.
White to play and win.
THOSE BOOkkEEPERs.

II may I've interesting to those who
worked over this problem TO know that
the first solution given in THR SuN last
week by. Charles ID. Shuldham. o. II.
Boston. j. W. Miller and Henry Crane
was the correct one. and tho one upon
which the account was settled.
All the other bookkeepers had it wrong
through making the mistake Of taking
into consideration the amount Of rent paid
and the amount received, which have
nothing to do with the czise. The only sum
upon which the loss was to be adjusted
was the $4,000.
The sun., 1912-08-04

The original manuscript Of "Homr
sweet Home" il said to have been buried
In the grave with Miss Harry Harden of
sweetheart but refused TO marry him In
deierence 10 her Iatners wisnss. Alter
,hr was sepa rated from her lover she shut
herself IN ,he old family mansion secing
10 which she belonged '"'' :"
The sun., 1912-08-04
,HkCKtH tNDiSoS.

Problem No, is3 was one of those which
are too deep for th" average solver. being
Intended rather to i"-i tn. ability tO solve
a position which might arise IN an actual
game in which sweeps or strokes are not
0Qlnmon,
he distribution of the men was: Black
The sun., 1912-08-04

Correct solutions from:
w. l.. Barteau, Harold Link and j. n.
Noremac. All others went astray at the
critical move, whites 1910.
Here Ia a very good stroke problem. sent
to The SUN by an admirer Of that style of
winding things up. Some solvers like
fireworks. but the trouble in this one ii to
them of.
PROBLEM NO. 1875. CHHcxERs.
By s. Miller.
The sun., 1912-08-04
SOME MORE GEOMETRY.

here is n little problem that re-
auires no technical knowledge in order
toarr,ve az the solution. all that is neces-
safy @ oe'hs the ability to think the thing
The sun., 1912-08-04

There are no trumps and is in the lead.
As originally composed this problem was
TO get five tricks for and u. A re-
arranged. can Y and get five tricks, and
II SO, how!
The sun., 1912-08-04
PROBLEMS FOR SUN"
READERS TO SOLVE
All tho Bridge Experts Fail in
Eighteenth Honor List
F Contest.
TENACE 4 TRICK WINNER
Fireworks at Checkers -
Answers to .ArizOna's Pat
! Hand Poker Puzzle.

Bridge problem No. is3 Is built upon
the theme Of giving the adversaries q
trick In one suit in order to make them
lose two tricks in another suit, class OF
problems usually not only interesting but
instructive. az these tenace positions
are the great trick winners in actual
play
Here il the distribution Of the cards:
C1o s e
Ak e
OK 10 3
A.-----
t--
VJe Y O7
* A 8 - 4
% . O76
Voe
41o7e
The sun., 1912-08-04

hands should be good for four or five
The enterprise-recorder. (Madison, Fla.) 1908-1933, 1912-04-05
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The enterprise-recorder. (Madison, Fla.) 1908-1933, 1912-04-05
CHATTER XVIII.
We Capture 1 Courier,


The GIRLS l.ebt burst of luuph,.ar
aroused me rluruganN ,o a s..sn Obj.
our situation.
"l.up seem to derive much uum.u.
mrnl from q condition O.. affairs I'D
most l,lla"al'r 10 m,." said bitter
ly. 81 have alnays valued most hi.a'r
the friendship Of Mrs brennan. .Uni
his unfortunate Occurrence, win Gu.l.
loss end &c."
She g'are.g nm at mo l,r u.a.
lashps u.t. bgr her dark eve. sn.r.
ling l.itn uH.cli.r
"On ,ho y.,.,, ,.r. g, f..,. 81. ,,,l.
ora ,.nraun,J" .l,.. ,y,l,b,,d b.d..
,...,,.r,. .,., ..,,.,.... .b,. .u
,,f.E ,,, ..,r..tl,. Ln,,tJ ,y,u I
J.n't ,.r. fl ,ha l,.... .ba pri.l,
laya ,.gf.,J and l..,r.J fla, r.n.b
first Wasn't her face a siudye And.
bnw sb,u I ,v.r. ,y,,ain to lrfbul. SD,
,b.,t bo VAN urd.rs,.ndo I'm, sp,.
haya uot ,na wor.t or If on Cuut.,ip
lyoyro is my hair an ruulod mn
,nnw look Ike q fright You mus
c9,ro I'm now and We win eyplaln t.
Mrs Rrapnon the whole matter Sbc
connoi helm believing ms both. whit,
know She would be so cold and
nroud to mo alone"
sbook NV hand d.,i..yalv Per.
,on.. 4, ,..s hattar .pd.d "a, nj least
/ nossessed M courage inst them t.
face her Indignation. She might but
d,ap, wa had concocted our explana.
,ion and wonId worry likely receive II
Mix oil rho scorn she felt If deserved
pasidas II was clear there was moth.
tho could do N aid Them. should
IVA NOW merely an pweloome ptru,
dor Ar escort was to me there short.
~ to convey tbam nortbward. and fol
,'a 60 ha to,rd IN tbeh company bv
prornon would onlv infiame him and
add greo,lv IN the embarrassment of
bIs uife's nosItion. Much as | might
Iano for Immediate ,,ndication in her
sjaht tho nl,,n dptv Of true love was
s1nant ~ onoa ana rermit time &c
~ s'.o a ont ,ha angle
.ve., ,,,,,o, nardon mo" fastened
' a,and,na ha, IN hand before
" say 49, T. n,o,Id NOT he hest for
"'' ,..... ~ .,