davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-12-03
NO MONEY EMERGENCY

Washington. December 2.-Secre-
tary MacVeagh. of the Treasury De-
partment. today declaredi It his opinion
that no emergency existed in the
money market at this time to justify
the government in depositing surplus
funds IN the national banks. With
the rate on cali money from 10 to 20
per cent in the last few days, there
have been rumors in Wall Street that
the secretary might deposit 325, 900
or more TO replendish the supply.
From no responsible source said
the secretary, "have I received an ap-
peal stating that the government
should act"
Mr. NacVeagh attributed the high
rates 10 several temporary factors. and
said apparently all transactions were
being met. II necessity arose. he
added. the government would come TO
the rescue
The month OF November closing
with a working balance in the trea-
sury Of ss2. 1000 was q prosperous
one for the government.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-12-03
MRS. MAYNARD
DIES At RIPE AGE

Mrs. Kitty Heth Maynard. widow OF
Major John c. Maynard and daughter
of Colonel John Heth, owner Of the
Chesterfield County coal mines IN
ante bellum days. died last night at 10
o'clock at the home of her son. J. ;.
Maynard. at Fourth and Canal Streets.
in her eighty first year. The arrange
ments for Lhe funeral Will be made
later
The late Mrs. Maynard was native
of this city and married here long be-
fore the War Between the States. Her
husband had a gallant Confederate
record. They lived here until 1868.
when they went West, where Major
Maynard held many positions OF prom
inence. one Of them being the office or
collector OF customs at San Francisco.
by appointment of President Cleveland.
He died some ten years ago. and since
then his widow has made her nome
with her son here.
She was a sister of the late Major
General Harry Heth. Of WASH nston, D..
c.. and of Captain Stockton Hetn, OF
Montgomery County. Va.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-12-03
OBITUARY


Mrs. V. w Cartwright. widow Of
Robert Cartwright. died yesterday
morning at 445 o'clock. The funeral
services will be conducted this after
noon at 8 o'clock from the residence.
SOC North Ninth Street.
She leaves seven children-Mrs c. T.
Sims Miss virsie Cartwright. W. T..
William H. and d. T. Cartwright, OF
Richmond: Mrs. W. w. Winfree and
Miss Mary Cartwright. of Washing
ton.
Mrs. MoIlie Holman Jennings.
Mrs. Mollie Holman jennings. of S14
China Street. died last night at $50
o'clock at her home. Arrangements
for the funeral have not been made.
Miss Mary Davis
Especial to The Times Dispatch
Lynchburg, Va, December miss
Mary Davis. daughter of Robert ].
Davis. d member of an old and promi-
nent Lynchburg family. died Sunday
afternoon at o'clock at the University
Hospi.a.. Charlottesville. where she
had been under treatment for several
months.
The body was brought to Lynch
burg early this morning, and this af-
ternoon it was inferred in the family
plot in the Presbyterian Cemetery, the
burial services being conducted by Rev.
Joseph B. Dunn. rector of ST. Paurs
Episcopal Parish. OF which Miss Davis
had been a lifelong member
The surviving members OF her fam
lily are Misses Sallie Mamie and
Lucy Davis. of this city. and William
X. Davis, OF Roanoke.
Mrs. William A. Henernan-
Especial TO The Times-Dispatch.
Lynchburg Va. December Mrs.
VIII am 4. Heffernan. who was one
OF the first teachers In the public
school system OF Lynchburg. died Sat
urday night at 1880 o'clock at her
home in Washington. where she had
been living for some years. Mrs Hef-
fernan was seventy years of age, and
much of her life was spent in this
city. She il survived by her n lsband,
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-12-03
.S|ONA ON TRIAL
AGAIN FOR LIFE

CONTINUED From First passD
right 10 go armed, and that goad'
the clerk, had a right 10 have arms
on TO protect the court He then
went into detail as TO the various
shots that were fred. saying that the
first shot which went Into Juose
Massie's breast was hred by Claude
Allen, and this was followed toy shot
from Sidna Allen. He asserted that
the time. place. means, opportunity
and motive showed conspiracy, and he
commented on each.
Opening for Defense
Mr. Wysor read from a prepared
typewritten document with occasional
diversion OF verbal statements.
J. c. Buxton opened for the defense
commencing at 4:40 o'clock. lie al
luded 10 the trial OF Sidna Allen two
or three weeks ago. 10 which the pro-
secution objected. and the court eN-
cluded all allusion 10 the former trial.
he replied 10 the charge OF conspir-
acy made By Mr.. WysOr as based upon
the fact that the parties were there
in court, byt stating that ali OF the
parties were there under order OF the
court. He gave fun description OF the
court room. and said that the shots
received BY Judge Massie were acci-
DENTAL ana tHdt the cause VI inc 20
would show that they came from the
direction OF the court officers. lie
oharacte rized the shooting as a court
house fight. for which the officers had
prepared themselves. and that each
party did its best 10 refute the idea
Of conspiracy. He said that Floyd
Allen had three other brothers who
would have been present had con-
spiracy been formed.
lie impressed on the jury the fact
that the attorneys for the prosecution
were trying to convict the prisoner
because he was brother TO Floyd.
whose threats they endeavored TO use
against the prisoner. Judge Buxtons
presentation OF the case FOR the de-
Tense was a very able one.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-12-03
PROTECTORATE OVER EGYPT.
Great Britain VIII Proclaim Guardian
shin In January.

Geneva, Switzerland. December q
a British protectorate over Egypt is
likely to be announced shortly. accord
ing to an Egyptian representative Of
the Swiss Popular Bank. one of the
largest financial institutions in Swift
zerland. He telegraphs from Cairo:
1T is considered in official circles
here that a protectorate by Great
Britain has been definitely decided
upon. and It is understood will be
proclaimed in January"
This step will affect business gem
orally" the dispatch adds.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-12-03
DEATHS

JENNINGS.-Died, Monday. December
2, 1912 at 800 p. NJ, at her home.
Sl4 China Street. MRS. MOLLIE
HOLMAN JENNINGS.
Funeral notice later.
PITTS-Died. Monday morning at 7:3a
o'clock, at his late residence. *
Chesterfield County. MIR. HARVEY L
PITTS. aged IS years.
Remains Will be brought to kfs
mothers residence, 1870 West Grace
Funeral THIS AFTERNOON at $3.50
o'clock.
at o'clock Sunday
morning. HELEN GRINALL.
Funeral will take place from her
residence, SIS North st. James Street,
at 2 o'clock THIS AFTERNOON.
GARTHRIGHT.-Ent into rest De-
cember 2. 1912. ASS A. Nj. MRS. v
W. CARTWRIGHT. relict Of Robert
Cartwright. The following children
survive her: Mrs C. T. Sims, Miss
virgie Cartwright. and W T.. Will
liam H. and d T. Cartwright. Of
this city. and Mrs. W. ". Winfre0
and Miss Mary Cartwright. of WASH
ington. d. c.
Funeral from her residence. 500
North Ninth Street TUESDAY. De-
cember 3, at p. NJ
Washington. Baltimore and Column
bia, $. c.. papers please copy.
BANCROFT.-Died. December ]. AT
Hampton. Va. MAJOR II. NJ. BAN
CROFT. father of Mrs George Glib
son. Jr.
Funeral TO-DAY.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-12-03
WALL STREET HEARS NEWS
Union Pacific Preferred and Southern
Pacific Bonds Go Up.

New York. December 2.-Ofiicials or
the Hartman system man Tested no
surprise when informed OF the Su-
preme Court decision to-day gcnst
the Union Pacific merger. but dec ined
TO comment on its scope or general sig
nihcance. Wall Street received the
decision in the early afternoon shortly
after call money had risen TO Is per
cent, the high rate OF the day. Union
Pacific fell II points TO 16s and
Southern Pacific points 10 los 81.
Almost at the safe time Union Pac nc
preferred shot up from 90 ga to IS IL
and Southern Pacific per cent bonds
were rushed up - points.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-12-03
Only One Coupon is
Necessary Now
Present il at The Times Dispatch
Office and, With Little Cash,
Get Dictionary.

The Times-Dispatch has been con-
graduated on every side on account Of its
handsome offer Of the best book OF refer
ence published in exchange for SIX con-
secutive coupons and a small expense
bonus.
\ great many people eagerly grasped
that opportunity
The dictionary distribution Is 70 close
in a few days. however. and in order to
bring it 70 a brisk wind-up and give its
readers more benefit than ever. The
Times Dispatch has abandoned the six
coupon plan, and now only one coupon is
required.
TO save time, it is said. is to lengthen
life.
Here Is a chance FOR YOU to save time
and trouble also
No one can afford 20 overlook this
opportunity TO increase his earning ca
nacitv a. the result 81 the minimum
effort required 10 secure one coupon and
the slight expense Of the bonus required.
II YOU take advantage If this offer YOU
viii come more nearly 90 getting some
thing for nothing than YOU ever did before.
or probably ,ve- viii again.
DO not dclay. IS thc close j. only q
few DAYS away.
Clip that colpon and profit by the
siN-in-onc proposition
Ak your friend that got one 81 the
books about 10
Then profit by your iardiHc-s and get
one for a coupon.
vi explained under ihc dictionary
coupon printed cl~cv hero IN this issuc-
This dicti0aa-, j. MOI published by
the original publishers o. Webster DC
tionarv ~ 10 their ~uccc--or-
L ..l...-.-l- .tL
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-12-03
Kirk-Parrish Co.,
SGT E. Broad. Near 7th).

from that state for the next session
Of Congress
The extent OF Progressive influence
in the winter session IS the subject OF
general gossip at both ends OF the
Capitol. OF the strong insurgent Re-
publican element in the House. which
has voted with the Democrats upon
tariq measures during the last two
years. many will wind up their service
with this session. In the Kansas dele
cation. Victor Murdock was the only
so-caIled insurgent to return 10 his
seat to-day with title for two more
years. Representatives Roose, Young
and Jackson, ell comparatively new
members. went down before Democra-
tic opponents.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-12-03
To Pension Ex-Presfdents.

Washington, December 2.-The first
public bill introduced IN the House to-
day was 70 pension former Presidents
OF the United States and their widows.
II was by Representative DeForH I.
OF New York. and would provide for a
former President $1,000 a month 4
widow Of a former President would be
pensioned az the rate OF $1,000 month
during her widowhood. A minor
child or children Of a former President
under the age Of twenty-cne. with par
ents both dead. would get $500 q month.
Representative DeForest also - o.
duced a resolution for a constitutional
amendment TO limit the tenure OF the
presidential Office - one term OF six
years and another repeating the news
paper publicity section OF the last
post-offce appropriation Dill
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-12-03
OIL, ONE POLITICAL PART,
EXISTS ~ NORTH CaROi IN

Raleigh. y &. Decentes on
ciaIiy there now only exists one DO
iiticai party 10 North Caroline. a.
neither the Republicans nor the Fro-
s,rcssives received fhe so.o9' votes Ter
Governor required By s'afDtc 90 make a
political party To- WIS shown iu
the complete returns from iAc election
aIed here io-nisat b. The state Board
Of Cssvassera
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-12-03

three daughters and son. the chill
dren being Misses Julia and Nell Hef-
fernan and Mrs. Evelyn Davis. OF
Washington, and w. II. Heffernan. OF
Washington. she was a sister of Mrs.
Belle ". Joyner. OF Amherst and Mrs.
sister-in law OF Mrs. T. r. Wrenn. Of
LynchoXg. The burial took place in
WASHINGTON to-day.
Mrs. II. ). HarreIl.
Especial 10 The Times Dlspatch.J
Branchville. Va. December Mrs.
T. J. Harrell. aged fifty-seven years.
died at 3 o'clock Thursday morning.
Of Jackson. y. c.; son, of Texas.
and other near reiatives here The
burial took place Friday at Branch
vile.
Elisabeth l.. Cunningham
Especial 10 The Times-Dispatch.I
Fredericksburg, Va, December A.
Mrs. Elizabeth L Cunningham. of this
y. Gum ngham, In Faunuier County.
Saturday. after lingering fitness,
aged seventy nine years. -Four sons
survive her-W. y. Cunningham, Eau
QUEER: T. n. Cunningham. this city;
J. II. and o. S. Cunningham. OF Cali
fornia.
Three Aged Persons Dead.
Especial to The Times-Dispatch.l
Winchester. Va. December Mrs.
Sarah White Teets. sixty-four years
old, widow of George Washington
Teets. led OF tuberculosis to-day. She
leaves two sons and two daughters.
Nun Place. eighty-two years old, and
Frederick Spirley. seventy-fve years
old, n ghoors. near Whitacre, Fred
leaves his second wife and the latter
four
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-12-03
INSURANCE COMPANY LOSES
Has No Right 10 Sue Water Company
for Money Paid out

Washington. December BY de-
cision to-day OF the Supreme Court
Of the United States. the German Al
lance Insurance Company was held
10 have no right TO sue the Home Wa
ter Supply Company for insuTanc
money II mad paid as result OF
FIRE in the Spartan Mills at Spartan
burg, s. c. in 1907.
The court said that individual In
hab!tants Of a city cannot sue pri-
vate water company for damages re-
sulting from negligence failure &c
supply water. and hence an insurance
company has no such right.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-12-03
EMPEROR OPTIMISTIC
Does Not Expect Uyehra's Resignation
to Upset Cabinet.

Toxic, December 2.-Leutenant-
General Cyehra, Japanese Minister OF
War. formally rendered his resignation
TO the Emperor to-day, owing 70 the
refusal Of the other members OF the
Cabinet TO accede to his demand for
the increase Of the army by two d.
visions
II was feared in some quarters that
Northumberland Uyehras action
might precipitate tho collapse Of che
present Cabinet, but the Emperor is
very optimistic
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-12-03
THANKS rEou GOV. vii son.
Writes Co Couple whe Named b@S'
After Him.

FTndlay. -. December - if'tef
from PrcSldrnt-to-bc Wcc"ro@ "'s'
10 IL. ard Mrs. isoic.f J. Niis'". 90
this city. received Yesterday. INNS /.
tnc couple for tsc comp i'n'Nt p"''
Governor Wilson IN rlssns ~ i-"','
90 .hef- hahv boz. rorr Novcfnhcr L
1 hope no future at 81 mine VII
-asss YOU 90 rcgrct tal high COM
plinert YOU have paid nc. the let
ter reads
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-12-03
STATEMENT REFUSED
Directors of Failed Leesvflie Bank
Hold Meeting

Leesville, s. c, December z-Diree-
tors Of the Peoples Bank Of LeesViHe'
which suspended business last week
met here to-day. but refused 10 MAKE
any statement at this time, An eA-
nsrt accountant Is examining the
banks records
Nothing has been heard from DR.. E.
J. Etheridge, president Of the institu-
ton. who IS said 10 be away on a trip
IN an effort 10 obtain funds TO enable
the bank to resume business The IN
stitution's capital IS $4,000.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-12-03
NOT INVENTOR
OF PICTURE FILM
Decision of Court OF Appeals
Is Adverse to
Edison.

Washington, December 2.--Thomas A.
Edison was not the inventor of the
motion-p picture film. his patent there
on Is invalid. and his assignee. the
Motion Picture Patents Company, Of
New Jersey. is not entitled 10 an IN
junction and damages for infringe
ment OF patent rights against the
Chicago Film Company, of Illinois, &C
cording TO decision Of the Court OF
Appeals for the District Of Columbia
rendered to-day.
Chief Justice Shepard for the court
reversed the decision of the Supreme
Court OF the District Of Columbia
which had sustained the Edison pat
ent and had enjoined the Chicago con
cern. The suit for Injunction Is d.
rected TO be dismissed.
The court expresses the opinion that
the flexible transparent or translucent
tapelike Aim prepared by taking Pho
tographs was neither discovered nor
produced by Edison. It was improved
and brought to its present state OF
perfection by Eastman. When exhib-
tied 10 EdiscI. says the court. he seized
upon II as the thing needed 10 make
his camera apparatus complete com
mercial success. He provided II WITH
perforations along the edges at resu-
lar intervals into which the teeth OF
ratchet wheels Of the camera entered
70 give it the required motion sim
liar perforatiOns, the court nnds, hau
been previously made in photosraphl0
films for feeding purposes
solved Big Problems.
The court makes no dissent from
the proposition advanced that Mr.. Ed
son solved the problems OF the motion
picture art wich great ingenuity and
skill but the problems that he solved
Il ands. were in the camera apparatus
wherein his claim to invention lies
In conclusion. the court holds that
the invention of Edison was exhausted
IN che construction Of the camera
which enabled the photographs of NOV
ing objects TO be taken upon the East
man film in the distinct, uniform and
satisfactory manner justly claimed for
them
The pictures are the direct result OF
the mechanism Of the camera, with
the Eastman mechanically adapted 10
and applied therein, the court said.
The effect of the decision OF the ap-
pellate court. according 70 Attorney
Melville Church, who represented the
Chicago company. viii be to release
motion pictures from patent rights. II
the lower court had been sustained,
the Edison company would have been
entitled TO royalties for three more
years Il was stated.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-12-03
RroMn Elected Captain.

Nashville. Tenn. December AT
banquet here tonight in honor of the
Vanderbilt football team. Enoch Brown
was elected captain. 10 succeed Lewis
Hardage, who is ineligible to play
next year.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1912-12-03
IN MEM0RlAM

SCHWARTZ.-In loving memory OF
our devoted son and brother. CLIFF
FORD S. SCHWARTZ, who died one
year ago to-day. December 8.
HIS DEVOTED FAMILY.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1912-08-09
PARASOL MATCHES THE HAT
That Is, in the Latest Desjuns II
Agrees With the Millinery Ac.
companying II.

II the very decorative possibilities
Of the parasol have been overlooked
of late. the warm weather has made
the fact clear that a paraso adds the
last note of distinction to a dress. Nv.
cry one Interested in dress comments
upon the varied designs Of this sum
mers parascls and upon the amusing
way In which each one agrees with
the shape Of the hat that Is worn.
When feathers tower above tho
crown of the chapcau the parasOl
carried has ar obliging cupola crown,
and II the millinery ia Of spreading
character then when the parasol Is
opened Ii Is seen that 1t ia Japanese
like IN It's fiat aspect.
Lace posed upon chiffon or yelled
with tulle is a combination Of mate
rails Of acknowledged elegance for tho
sunshadc, and II NOT inircqucntly hap
pens that trail OF mousscline flow
ers IL posed inside the parasol per
chance 10 coincide with the trimming
OF tho hat or with the flowers that
decorate the gown
OF freak handles there are always a
certain number, and one OF the quaint.
est Is the cuckoo clock. Press a
spring and the doors Of the cuckoo
clock fly olcn and the cuckoo appears
on tho threshold. He Is a silent bird
for his trick begins and ends with
the little performance already de
scribcd.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1912-08-09
TRUE SENTIMENT

The strongest thing in the world
l. true sentiment Mountains con
BOT hem it in, dykes cannot stop it,
wing. distance cannot long separ
ate it from its goal of good II is a
ic; ven Of civilization. and at the same
tine a lever lifting the world. Ego
tistic, practical people, who sheer az
sentiment as a iclly-like something
quivcring in a lake OF tears, arc as
bias Drained, with stigmatic eyes and
logic askew.
No man ever Travelled far-except
downward-without some splendid
sentiment nesting at the core of his
being. driving him on and ever on
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1912-08-09
Afternoon Picnic Was
Pleasant Affair.

Quite a number of Mrs. r.. c. An
CELLS sunday school class met at tn,
home of Miss l'runel Swindcl yes
tcrday for an afternoon picnic. Aftcl
irdulaine in many interesting games
lunch was served on the lawn
After spending a most cnjoyabl,
afternoon AL departed to thci.
homes.
ThOs" present were EsSic Tillis
Blanche IIuchingson, Anna Shapar'l
Nathalie Roqucmorc, Jessie Tilis
Nellie Davis. Tholma Mann, Ruth
Carver, Ruth Fannin, Emma I.c,
Davis and Brunell Swindcl.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1912-08-09

When butjening or unbutioning q
garment, forcing Vie buttons across
the width u Ne hcla viii soon tear
out the latter For this reason but.
tons with onls two holes are better
than those u!th four and should be
placed 90 thai heir holes Will be on
a line with the length Of the button.
hole. Some women place buttons With
four holes 60 that only two holes need
be sewed through. thus making them
last longer than II AL four were used.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1912-08-09
consumed so much of the afternOo

, consumed SO much of the afternoon
that it was voted to postpone Tho
program until the next meeting
which will be held Aug. % at Mrs
w. d. Edwards. The ladies present
were: Mines. Angel. Browning,
Brush, Edwards. May, Mendenhall,
Patterson, Stevens. +. G. Southland,
Wilson, Scarr, Holland. Sullivan,
Pollam. Terrell, Mayes.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1912-08-09

paradise sprigs. and now has dawn.
ed the morning when hat crowns are
partially lost sight of. enveloped In
an airy cloud Of floating. graceful, In.
comparably fne plumage.
Miss Gaby Deslys showed how many
feathers could be worn ON one head.
dress. But one should not forget that
the stage requires exaggeration In
styles and its standards are to be fol.
lowed at some distance, as a rule.
The price OF paradise plumage IL
soaring. She who owns It should use
1t while the furore Is on. It IL very
likely to be even In greater demand
this fall. and Is one OF the safe invest.
ments In millinery. for It will never
be wholly out of style. Many women
accumulate a paradise spray by bpy.
Ing a few feathers each season. finally
making up a largo cluster. II Is best
to buy the natural color where this
course Is pursued. They are very
beautiful and they can be successfully
cleaned
JULIA BOTTOMLEY.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1912-08-09
AiaretteS on Hats.

The aigrettes slant backward rom
the hat at amazing angles .leer-
er the angle the more chic he cha.
peau. The Pocahontas IA sa7orite
style. This IL a rather smal 'oque
with brim rising straigh' > all
around and the whole ha- f'aat'ng
slightly toward the back Against the
high brim are arranged lolg euiils,
growing shorter as they reafa back,
so that the hat has much n" aspear-
ance OF an Indian chiefs sazf1Tess
for the warpath
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1912-08-09

q LMOST overnight, some fashions
and fads become a furore, and
A 1t seems as II every woman,
from Maine to California, want
one particular kind Of hat, or shoe, or
feather at the same moment II the
object Of this sudden fancy Is within
easy reach THAT is, IL its price IL low J
ito popularity is brief. because any
idea becomes tiresome from too much
repetition. But il tho thing, which
nnds itself suddenly in brisk demand.
can only be secured in limited quaint
ties. It's price Is likely to soar for many
week o. even months.
This Is tho case with the beautiful
paradise feather which women have
long admired. A spray Of few pre-
cious feathers. mounted In a pompon
Of ostrich or marabout, used to be
considered an achievement very we'll
worth while. Extravagantly inclined
rich people might indulge in whole
paradise bird occasionally. Then
came the day when the whole hat
crown was cncirclcd with a wreath Of