davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-09-20
INDIANS MASSACRE
WOMEN AND CHILDREN

I'll PAsO. Texas, sept is.-That
massacre Of women and children fol-
lowed the capture by $50 Yaqui In
dams OF the town Of Altar. sonora.
was snnounced In dispatches from
that Section today.
The Indians. numbering 100, took
the war path last week. Yesterday
they swept down on Altar. capturing
IL after short engagement with the
harrison or nifty federals. They muir.
dered the women and children.
Thirty Americans are reported IN
the Altar district. Their fate 10 I'M
known. Federal troops have been
sent from Santa Anna and Aqua
Prieta
A return OF Mormons TO the aband-
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-09-20
LEANSE YOUR LIVER AND. BOWELS.
F|THt DELICIOUS SYRUP 0EFIGSn
EN- Sour Bile Gases and Coggedup Waste Without
$Qfpe or Nausea No Headache. Indigestion, Con-
N stipation Biliousness or Coated Tongue

lion OF fruft--of eating coarse food
OF taking exercise. II 10 a true and
effective liver and bowel cleanser and
regulator. sssN s&l9.c heepfs@
Most afolks ~ dread physie--they
shrink from the taste and altered,
fects. syrup OF Figs Is delicious. and,
besides, you don't realize you have
taken anything until morning, when
all the clogged up waste OF the system
Il gently but thoroughly moved on
and out OF the bowels without gripping
or weakness. ~" 80 -
Ask your druggist for the full name.
Syrup OF Figs and Elixir OF Senna,
This Is the old reliable and only gen.
uine.. Refuse, +. with -contempt, any
other Fig Syrup recommended a.
good, They are limitations meant TO
deceive you, Read the label carefully
and look for the name California Fig
Syrup Company. .Tt1
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-09-20


EFohl WfoN|h. coated tongue, dull,
tIrobhI ~ 1tadache. stomach sour and
al 81 No.. Indigestion, biliousness
nd q Il lk1E 0onlpisxionf mean that
Ipnf 0iu|fllSet Of bowels are clogged
With wet ! matter: that these drain,
1Ee of&3htlI the body are obstruct.
I'd; iifet etkgnant and stomach full
of polIuh1pa gases. sour bile and I'M
tigestI l0Hihenting food not proper
" cartit0uM F
y M0et Of uur Ills are caused by con-
1(lphted bowels. We all need a laxa-
TIVE sometimes; nobody can doubt
dat The only question -, Which
tnslis the best? and that isn't a cues
fIDn aflX more Syrup Of Figs. being
eonlppsed entirely OF luscious figs,
soma and aromatics. must act in a
harmless. gentle and natural way.
syrup 0k Figs can be constantly used
Btbont Injury Its action Is the &C
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-09-20
BIG TIM SULLIVAN
IS BROKEN IN HEALTH

NEW YORK. Sept. 1e.-Senatef
Big Tim" Sullivan, who has been IN
bad health for more than six months
viii 70 to an out-of-town sanitarium.
az q result Of his utter collapse. yes
Iterday, at the funeral OF his wife.
Diabetes and nervous breakdown
are said to be the causes OF his Ill
mesa. .a
big Tim has sought TO regain his
health In Europe and American health
resorts, returning 10 New York 20
pounds lighter and In q worse cond!.
ton than ever, II Is said. The Hines.
and death OF his wife completely
broke him up. his friends say.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-09-20
DEAD MAX. APPEARS AS
SONS FlGRT FOR ESTATE
Charles Brett Comes Back Sud-
denly After IL Years Absence
From Middle Bass Island

sANDusKY. Ohio. Sept ~
Charles Bretz. who disappeared from
Middle Bass Island about seventeen
years ago. and who had not, been heard
from In that time. reappeared In
Sandusky today while q suit was be
ing heard In court 10 prove that he
was dead. Bretx was divorced from
his wife before he left. Two sons
brought suit Il recover certain yaiu'
able property which their father had
once held and which their sisters had
decided away. II was argued that
Bretz was dead and therefore the
property should revert to his heirs.
Bretl had been In England.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-09-20
NAVAL RESERVES TO
BE IN GRAND REVIEW

WASHINGTON. Sept 1s-The navy
department announces that plan has
bean evolved by which the Great
Lakes naval reserves can participate
In the grand naval review In New
York City, Oct. IL 10 Is.
/, According TO the arrangement, all
of the reserves with the exception OF
the commissioned officers will be en-
lated In the regular navy for the ro-
view. They will be mustered into ser.
vice before leaving their home state
and will not be discharged until they
return. -
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-09-20
kIANsfO END STRIKE IN
& WEST VIRGINIA. FAILS

tsCfIkRfEsTON. w. VA. Sept. ts.--
reAts ne otiations conducted by Gov.
Vnliam. Z, GIasscock in-.an effort To
d6ttie the coal strike IN the Paint
Greek and Cabin Creek districts,
Vhefk order is being maintained by
i1hfflai law, were broken on today.
The coal operators rejected the gov
4tnor's second prcrbsn Tor arbitra.
ubn. ~
vYhs goseru6r subnritted two pans
Of arbitration The miners expresscd
willingness 20 abide by ether the
operators declined both.
In q letter addressed to the oper-
1tprae following their refusal TO sub
mn The differences TO- On arbitration
hoard or three members, the governor
rroposed to confine the range OF arbi.
.tration to three subjects: The guard
system: the right OF individual miu-
4rs TO belong to O union, and the
organized to meet with their employ
ers to discuss wages n J
,4 The reply OF the operators. mado
public today through their spokes-
man, M. t. Davis, declared that they
would never agree to the following:
The organization or their employees
" the United Nine Workers oil
America.
Recognition Of the union in any
way.
Interference on the part OF the
ttate.
In his letter. the governor called at
tcntion to the expense OF $4,000 day
which martial law. costs and the fact
that the coal output In the Kanawha
district has been reduced 30 per cent
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-09-20
Alleged AssauItsrs on Trial.

Charles and Leah Dalia faced a
charge OF assault with intent to kill.
In, Judge Phelan's court, Thursday
morning. The complaining witness
is Nick 0wlie.
The Dallas are said to have stabbed
and beaten OwIie a short time ago.
owlie was the defendant in a similar
ease, a year or 50 ago, with Charles
Dalia sas complainant Owiie was &C.
quilted.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-09-20
WREFORD SPEAKS IN
INDIANAPOLIS FRIDAY

william B. wreford. assistant sec
rotary OF the board ot Commerce.
leaves tonight for indianapolis. where.
on Friday, he WIZ address the fourth
annual convention Of the Central as
sociation Of Commercial Secretaries
on Cooperation OF commercial or
CARNATIONS with the press"
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-09-20

a couple % big .poeket -pickIne Jobs
were reported 20 the police, rhiIrsday,
Was ~soneHsd- for go AMI toSy nes
ting on a car Al the state fatr grounds.
and w. q Andrews. % Greenwieh. O..
which disappeared during q trip out
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-09-20
ADOPTS RESOLUTION
ON DEATH OF MR.. CARSON

+ The Board of Trade held q special
meeting. Thursday noon and adopted
"A, resolution OF sympathy upon the.
death OF william Carson, who had
,neen a member Of the board for many
years.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-09-20

oned colonies in chihuahua state VI
sanctioned by the Mormon Centr'
committee today. a
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-09-20
Police seek Owners Of Properly.

Detectives Kane and Lamb are try
ing to locate owners Of the allcseI
stolen property taken from the roor
of Frank Alpine. At No. 70 Jefferson
ave. Included In the eonhscateI
property are many articles take'
from automobiles.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-09-20

Mrs. Josephine smaiiey' IN a~aiis4'
alleges that Mrs, Ann Casson use
sort OF the "cat-o-nlne tails q
her. Mrs. Smalley rents her homi
Al No. 80 High-st. west. from MrI
Casson, who. she alleges. entered tn
house and beat her without provAca
ton.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1912-09-20

NEW YORK. Sept fs--Money on call
tA per cent: time money. 5h per cent
Tor siNsIponths; mercantile paper. 6 per
cent: HIr1 slyer--London. 2ahd. bar
<Iiver-zNew York, ssKcs demand ster.
The Parker post., 1912-10-12
MINE WARNING NOTICE.
FRANK BUREN,,
Register.

To Whom it May Concern:
Notice is hereby given that the
Gold Dollar group of mining claims,
located in the Riverside Mountains
(Bendigo mining district), Riverside
county California, are being worked
under lease and bond, and that nei-
ther the mines nor the owners there
of will be responsible for any labor
or debt contracted, nor injuries Sus-
tanned by any employer or employees
in working said property, and that
no employer or employee is the agent
of the owners for any purpose, and
that all operatives engage in such
service at their own risk, and that
no debt or claim of debt is valid
against said group of mining claims
or their owners.
RIVERSIDE GOLD MINING e MILL
ING co.
By J. M. MCMILLAN,
Secretary
The Parker post., 1912-10-12
IRRIGATION IN ARIZONA.

A bulletin issued by the Census
Bureau says that Arizona has as much
land under irrigation as New Mexico;
but of the total of 330051 acres ir-
rigated, 138,364 are irrigated by Uni
ted States reclamation projects, 49,
3S5 acres by the United States Indi-
an service, 1O1, OPS acres by commu-
nifty bitches, 80 acres by commercial
enterprises, and 81, 1876 acres by in
dividual or partnership enterprises,
There is only one county which has
more than one per cent of it's area
irrigated, and that is Maricopa in the
Salt River valley. Arizona practically
has no "dry-farming," but it has
mountain farms on which crops are
raised without irrigation. Pumping
from streams forms an important fac
tor; under the Yuma project alone
1000 acres being supplied with pump
ed water. Arizona has 214 artesian
The Parker post., 1912-10-12

Of course, Governor Hunt may ex-
ercise his prerogative in reprieving
the death penalty of four notorious
murderers, but it appears unwise for
a governor of a state having law
on it's statute books providing for the
death penalty for first degree MUIR
derers to use such prerogative in
cases where the evidence shows that
there is no doubt as to the guilt of
the parties. In his proclamation
the governor does not mention any
extenuating circumstances for re-
prieving these four coldIblooded MUIR
derers, except that it is against the
law of God and that it hurts his
conscience to send the men to the gal
lows. Apparently the governor over
looks his conscience in side-stepping
the statute relativ eto capital pun
iShment. The law of Arizona at pres
ernor is taking matters in his onw
hands to a considerable extent when
he acts contrary to this law. With
Governor Hunts pronounced priSon-re-
form policy these bloodthirsty crimi-
nails may be turned loose on society
before his term of office expires.
The Parker post., 1912-10-12
Not coal lands.
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.

UIl9OI
Department of the Interior, U. S.
Land Office at Los Angeles, Cal.
Oct 4, 1912.
Notice is hereby given that Will
liam Cornelius Buehler, of Blythe
Cal, who, on December 27, 1910,
made Homestead Entry No. 011967
for NWA, Section 12, Township 6
S., Range % E., S. B. Meridian, has
filed notice of intention to make
Final Communication Proof, to estab-
lish claim to the land above desrib
ed, before the Register and Receiver,
United States Land Office, Los An
geles, California, on the 18th day
of November, 1912, at 10 O'Clock am.
Claimant names as witnesses:
Christian T. Lang, of Mesaville Cal
A. A. Graham, of Mesaville, CAL;
Charles Smith, of Blythe, Cal; John
Pierson, of Blythe, CAL; L. B. Todd,
of Blythe, CAL; George Moore, of
Blythe Cal.
FRANK BUREN,
(23-27) Register.
The Parker post., 1912-10-12

wells, and 470 pumped wells for irri-
CATION. The cost of irrigation en-
terprises in Arizona is $17, 7,677 1866, an
average of $456O per acre. Arizona
produced in the census year 298,664
bushels of corn, 189, ,312 bushels of oats,
362,975 bushels of wheat, and 1,008,
442 bushels of barley. The entire
value of crops was almost $4,000, 900,
of which orchards furnished more
than quarter million, sugar-beets al
most a quarter million, alfalfa al
most two millions, other forage crops
more than another half million, and
cereals a million and a half.
The Parker post., 1912-10-12
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.
Not coal lands.
01O74O

Department of the Interior, u. S.
Land Office at Los Angeles, Cal.
Sept. 3, 1912.
Notice is hereby given that Dam
iel F. COombs, of Neighbours, Cal,
who, on June 1, 1912, made home
stead entry, No. O1O74O, for NV Il,
Section 10, Township 7 S., Range
% E., S. B. Meridian, has filed no.
tice of intention to make final three
year proof, to establish claim to
the land above described, before the
Register and Receiver, United States
Land Office, at Los Angeles, Cali
fornia, on the 14th day of October,
1912. at 10 o'clock a. m.
Claimant names as witnesses: !:
Samuel z. Hanlin, of Neighbours,
Cal, Walter S. Wilkinson, of Blythe,
Cal. Edwin F. Williams, of Blythe,
Cal, John Newton Nelson, of Blythe,
Cal.
FRANK BUREN,,
1928 Register.
The Parker post., 1912-10-12
Not coal lands.
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.


Department of the Interior u. S.
Land Office at Los Angeles, Cal,
Oct. 4, 1912.
Notice is hereby given that Chris
tian Lang, of Mesaville, Cal, who,
On December Z, 1910, made Home
stead Entry No. 011SS7, for NWA
Section II, Township S., Range 20
E., S. B. Meridian, has filed notice
of intention to make Final Commu-
tation Proof, to establish claim to
the land above described, before the
Register and Receiver, United States
Land Office, at Los Angeles, Califor-
MIA, on the 18th day of November,
1912, at 10 o'clock a. m.
Claimant names as Witnesses:
Charles Pipher, of Mesaville, CAL;
A. A Graham, of Mesaville, Cal;
Frank Malone, of Mesaville, Cal;
William c. Buehler, of Blythe, Cal;
Charles Smith, of Blythe, Cal; John
PiersOn, of Blythe, Cal
FRANK BUREN,
(23-2O Register
The Parker post., 1912-10-12

The farmer boy who stays at home
and raises fat cattle is due to receive
more publicity in the country news
paper than the youth who goes to
town and accepts a position that re-
quires twice over shave, daily, says
Denver Field and Farm. Country edi-
tors have less to say of Alphonse and
William, who are holding lucrative po-
sitions as street car conductors, store
clerks and ham-and artists and more
to say about Al and Bill, who grow
eighty bushels of corn to the acre.
The Parker post., 1912-10-12
Not coal lands.
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.
O1O822

UlUSZ3
Department of the Interior U. S.
Land Office at Los Angeles, Cal,
Oct. 3, 1912.
Notice is hereby given that Nancy
Conner, of Rannells. Cal, who. on
June |, 1912, made Homestead En-
try No. 010823. for NWA, Section
Is, Township 8 S., Range 22 E., S.
B. Meridian, has filed notice of in
tention to make Final Communication
Proof, to establish claim to the
land above described, before the
Register and Receiver, United States.
Land Office, Los Angeles, Califor
MIA, on the 18th day of November
1912, at 10 o'clock a. m. I.
Claimant names as witnesses:
J. c. Conner, George McFee, Thomas
Joyce, Robert Furlong, all of Ran
nells, Cal
FRANK BUREN.
(23-20 Register.
The Parker post., 1912-10-12

ther the mines nor the owners there
of will be responsible for any labor
or debt contracted, nor injuries sus-
tanned by amy employer or employees
in working said property, and that
no employer or employee is the agent
of the owners for any purpose, and
that all operatives engage in such
service at their own risk, and that
no debt or claim of debt is valid
against said group of mining claims
or their owners.
HENRY ROBERTS,
J. E. BURKE,
d. A. BURKE,
Calzona, CAL, July II, 1912.
The Parker post., 1912-10-12
Not coal lands.
O4127

NOT coal lanQS.
Department of the Interior, u. S.
Land Office at Los Angeles, Cal,
Sept. 9, 1912.
Notice is hereby given that Ed
ward S. Macarthur, of Blythe, Cal.
who, on February II, 1908, made
homestead entry, No. O4127, for
SW Il NE n, NV Il SEA, Sc a
NWA, NEA SWA, Section IS,
Township s., Range % E., S. B.
Meridian, has filed notice of inten-
tion to make final three year proof,
to establish claim to the land above
described, before the Register and
Receiver, United States Land Office,
at Los Angeles, California, on the
21st day of October, 1912, at 10
o'clock a. M.
Claimant names as witnesses: ::
Lemuel B. Todd, John Pfost, George
Kelsey, Charles e. Smith, of Blythe,
CAL; Lora L. Morse, of Rannells,
Cal.
FRANK BUREN,,
Register.
The Parker post., 1912-10-12
M. A. NO. 016528.
survey NO. 4JSZ
Not coal lands.

Not coal lands.
Unitel States Land Office, Los An
geles, Cal, Oct. 5, 1912.
Notice is hereby given that p.
A. English, whose post office ad-
dress is Union League Club, Los
Angeles, Cal, has applied on behalf
of himself and his cO-owners, S. L..
Avery, S. T. Meservey, o. M. Knode,
S. @. Fulton, G. G. Root M. M. Eng
lish and G. A. English, for patent
for the California, Riverside and
Ironwood placer mining claims, situ-
R. 21 E., S. B. NJ, in unOrganiZed
mining district, Riverside County,
California, containing a valuable de-
posit of gypsum and limestone and
embracing 160 acres in each of said
placers, as shown upon the plat of
survey, being Survey No. 1882, and
described in the field notes and plat
on file in this office, with magnetic
variation at IA deg. As min E., as
follows:
CALIFORNIA PLACER.
Beginning at Cor No. 1, identical
with S. w. Cor. Sec. s, T. 4 S.,
R. 21 E., S. B. M; thence West
2640 it. to Cor No. 2; thence North
2640 TT. to Cor. No. 3; thence East
2640 TT. to Cor. No. 4 thence South
264O it. to Cor No. l, the place of
beginning.
RIVERSIDE PLACER.
Beginning at Cor. No 1, whence
S. w. Cor. Sec 8, IT, S., r. 21
E., S. B. NJ, bears East 1920 ft;
thence South 264O it. to Cor. No. 2;
thence West 1920 ft. to Cor. No. 3;
thence North 1920 it. to Cor. No. 4;
thence West 1920 it. to Cor. No.
5; thence North 2640 ft. to Cor. No.
6; thence East 1890 it. to Cor No.
Z; thence South 1920 it. to Cor. No.
8; thence East 1920 it. to Cor. No. 1,
the place of beginning
IRONWOOD PLACER.
Beginning at Cor No. 1, whence
S. w. Cor. Sec 8, T. S., R. 81
E., S. B M, bears S. 63 deg. 26
min. E. 295165 #; thence West 1920
TT. to Cor. No. 2; thence North 1920
ft. to Cor. No. 3; thence West 1920
TT. to Cor. No. 4; thence North 1920
it. to Cor. No. 5 thence East 1860
ft. to Cor. No. 6; thence South 1920
IT. to Cor. No. Z; thence West 1920
TT. to Cor. No. 8; thence South 1920
ft. to Cor. No. 1, the place of be-
ginning; containing 4SO acres.
These locations are recorded in the
office of the County Recorder of Riv-
erside County, California, in Book
36 of Mining Claims, pages 229, 230
and 231.
No adjoining or conflicting claims
are shown by the plat of survey.
FRANK BUREN,
Register.
First Publication Oct. 12, 1912.
The Parker post., 1912-10-12

Dwight B. Heard and associates
have purchased the Arizona Republi
can and now that dyed-in- he-wool
standpat Taft organ is whooping it up
for Teddy and the Progressive party.
ThePost wishes the new management
all manner of success. Mr.. Heard is
one of AriZona's foremost citizens
and with the Republican he should
be able to give the stae much vatlu-
able publicity.
The Parker post., 1912-10-12

Probably in no other 9-mOnthS' per:
cd have American mines and works
shown as large dividend disburse-
Tients a., those in the period just
ended. From reports made to Mining
and Engineering World it is learned
that 1876 companies enriched share
holders to the extent of $65 800 543.
AS compared with the same period in
1911, when 13S contributed; this is
an increase of $5,021 ,123, and an in
crease of $11,O23, 139, with 1913 con-
tributing, as compared with 1910. The
total disbursements, since incorpora-
ton, of the 135 companies paying div
idends i'm the 8 months of 1912, is
no less than $766, 6,S76,S32, which ex-
ceeds their total outstanding capital
by approximately $65,000,00O
The Parker post., 1912-10-12

The United States Geological Sur
ducing copper, gold, silver, lead, or
zinc in Arizona last year, or twenty
four more than in 1870 The guam
tity of ore sold or treaed in 1911
was 1857, 139 tons, of which 1,727,-
451 tons was shipped to smelters
without treatment, and 2,264,O tons
were concentrated. More than 80
per cent of the whole was copper.
The value of the five ores produced
in the state in 1911 was SAL ,223,
or 81, ,425, 704 more than in 1910.
The Parker post., 1912-10-12
MINE WARNING NOTICE.
, Whom it Nav Concern:

To Whom it May Concern:
Notice is hereby given that the
OxbOw group of mining claims, To-
Gated In the Riverside Mountains
(Bendigo mining district), Riverside
county, California, are being worked
under lease and bond, and that nei-
The Parker post., 1912-10-12

Nine 10Y riders killed in one day
at philadelphia as a result of reck-
less automobile driving is a record
for that particular sort of pastime
The speed mania among autoists is
evidently on the increase, but as fast
as they are killed off other fools
come forward 20 lake their places.
The Parker post., 1912-10-12

California, in Book SO of Mining
Claims, pages 22S and 232, respec-
lively.
No adjoining or conflicting claims
are shown by the plat of survey.
FRANK BUREN,,
Register.
First Publication Oct. 12, 1912
The Parker post., 1912-10-12
STRUcKMEYER G. FISHER.
Attorneys-at-Law.

Land, Mining, Irrigation, Corporation
Law, General Practice, Courts of Ari-
zona, California and U. S. Land Of
flee. Main office, Phoenix, Ariz., Cor
respondence promptly answered.
In Parker at Observation-Disclosures in Post
The Parker post., 1912-10-12
M. A. NO. 016526.

Survey No. 1881.
United States Land Office, Los An
geles, CAL, Oct. 5, 1912.
Notice is hereby given that p A.
English, whose post office address
is Union League Club, Los Angeles,
Cal, has applied on behalf of him
self and his co-owners, S. L. Avery
S. T. Meservey, o. M. Knode, S. O.
Fulton, c. G. Root, NJ M. English
and c. A. English, for a patent for
the Combination and Chicago Gyp-
sum No. 2 placer mining claims, sit
uate in unsubdivided portions of TIPS.
3 and S., Rs. 20 and 21 E., S. B.
M, in unorganized mining district
Riverside County, California, contain
ing valuable deposit of gypsum and
limestone and embracing 100 acres
in each of said placers, as shown
upon the plat of survey, being Sur
vey No. 1881, and described in the
field notes and plat on file in this
office, with magnetic variation at IA
deg. As min. E., as follows:
COMBINATION PLACER.
Beginning at Cor No. 1, identical
with N. w. Cor. T. 4 S., R. 21 E.,
S. B. M; thence South $50 ft. to
Cor. No. 9; thence West 1880 it.
The Parker post., 1912-10-12
CHICAGO GYPSUM NO 2. PLACER

East $50 it. to Cor. No. 1, the place
OF beginning; containing 800 acres.
The original certificate of loca-
tion of the Combination placer and
the amended certificate of location
of the Chicago Gypsum No. placer
are recorded in the office of the
County Recorder of Riverside County,
The Parker post., 1912-10-12
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.

(23-27)