davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-03-24
OSCAR UNDERWOOD'S OWN
 STATEMENT OF CEDENTS

Oscar W. Underwood was born in Louisville, Ky, on the 9th day of May. 1862. On his paternal side he is descend- ed from family of lawyers and planters, who came from Bngland and settled in Virginia in 1864 His grendfathers s grandfatnef, William Thomas Underwood, was a planter before the revoSutionary war. high sheriff of Gooehland county and at one time member of the house of delegates of Virginia. His grandfather's father was John Underwood, a planter and at one time high sheriff of Gooeh- land county and also a member of the house of delegates His grandfather was born in. Goochland county, and when 10 years old went to Kentucky with his uncle, Edmund Rogers, and Gen. George Rogers Clark. who was one of his cousins.
 His grandfather was Joseph R. Un- derWood, who was born in 1490 and was a lieutenant in one of the con- panies organized in Kentucky in the war of 1S12. He was severely wound ed at the battle of Dualeys defeat in Ohio He afterward scudied law, be- came a member of the court of up- peals of Kentucky, was elected to Con gress as a whig and afterward served In the United States senate as col lea ~ue of Henry Clay.
 He agreed with MT Clay in his ad- vocacy of gradual emancipation of the slaves and in the early part of the ffties emanicpated all his slaves who desired their freedom on condition that they would go to Liberia to live. About half of them accepted their freedom under these conditions. and he. at his own expense, sent them to Liberia and gave them the money to start life. The balance of his slaves remained with him untii after the war At the outbreak of the war he was over 70 years of age and took mo active part in the hostilities, but his sympathes were on the side or the union. His son, Eugene Under wood, the father of oscar W. Under wood, was born at Glasgow, Ky. in ISIS. He practiced law at Bowling Green. Ky in partnership with his father and subsequently, moved to Nashville, Tenn, and practiced law there for about 10 years. He was a member of the original board of difec- tors Of the Louisvilt- and Nashvilie railroad, but just before the beginning of the civil war moved to Louisville and engaged in the practice of law in that city
 Southern Sympathizer
 When the Union. army first occupied the city of Louisville he was arrested,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-03-24

When the Union army first occupied the city of Louisville he was arrested,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-03-24
H. K. WHITE BIRMINGHAM LAWYER CANDIDATE FOR BOARD OF REVENUE

One of so for one of the five is Fl K White. the well known Birming- ham attorney. He has practiced law continuously and successfully for el years He has never held office. He favors a new courthouse where old jail stands, and new iafl in top of court house, and selling balance courthouse block to pay cost He favors working convicts to make new roads and keep all roads in constant repair. Thus can be saved two large bond issues hg county. MT White has had long eN- perience attending various business in- terests for clients. He stands high as a lawyer, and would make valuable member of the board.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-03-24
TEMPLE 70 v
 HOLD INITIATION
Kp;phts of Khorassan Elan Grand Ceremonial to Be HeiS on
 March 27

The Dramatic order of Knights of. the Khorassan, familiarity known as "Dokeys," will hold a grand ceremonial session at the Fraternal hall March 2 at which large class of candidates will be inducted into the mysteries of the order and made eligible to seat among the elect.
 The officers of Aladdin temple are pre- paring a number of new and original stunts to be used for the first time Thurs day and the session promises to be fast and furious. It is expected that about 50 "Neophites' will be on hand to re-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-03-24

Beautiful Voile Waists, high or low necks, trimmed with heavy linen laces and crochet dots; or all over embroidered bodice, with linen laces and insertion. These are val ues of S2 and $2.50, and are specials for this week.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-03-24
Wanted - Experienced salesladies in millinery, also maker and trim Ter. Cancer Bros Millinery Department.
Burglar Shot 1.

Mobile. March 23.-Early today Deputy Sheriff Hugh Gillis of Crichton. a suburb of this city, shot and probably mortally wounded Robert Vincent, negro burgla,. Vincent was attempting to break into his house. Before Vincent reached the Gn- lis home he had robbed five other houses. Gillis pursued the negro under his home and it was half an hour before he could get a shot at him
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-03-24
Atkinson Guilty

Magnolia, Miss. March 23-Woodson Atkinson, cashier of the defunct Peo- ples bank of Summit. was found gull ty today of embezzlement of the funds of the bank and sentenced to seven years in the state penitehtiary The trial lasted one week. Ghe jury was retired for II minutes.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-03-24

ceive the degrees, and include many prominent men of the city. A large ali tendance is looked for as members or the order from Bessemer, Talladega, Annls- ton, Gadsden and other points in the state have expressed their intention of att tending. r
 After the ceremonies the usual banquet will be given and the candidates vii be refreshed from the limpid waters oi the well of knowledge" All n1enbe 's are expected to wear the regulation sez and regalia of the "Dokeys.'
The Birmingham age-herald., 1912-03-24
Jesse French Piano

Here is piano that will cost you S4OOOO. In case design, finish, materials, workmanship, no piano made is better. Cover over the name on the front of the Jesse French and on the hlss- est priced pianos on the floor and you and ninety five persons out of every hundred can not tell the difference. It will take trained musical ear, and well trained ear at that, let us tell you. for haven t we known the best mu sicans to fail utterly to distinguish one from the other when they are played in an adjoining roomg
 Yes indeed; as far as durability and dependa- bilitv are concerned, the whole moral and finan- cial strength of our house is back of the Jesse French.
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1912-09-01
Horticulture

great this accumulation of heat is
will be appreciated when it is stated
that Professor Langley, after making
a long and careful experimental study
of this property of our atmosphere at
the bsse and summit of Mt Whitney
IN California, reached the conclusion
that, had our earth no atmosphere,
it's surface temperature, even at the
equator ut noon, would be 800 degrees
below zero!'
We often hear the expression,
eight as air. - Because the air
presses equally in all directions. 1t
seems to have no weight. But the
use of the air pump has exploded such
notions Another quotation from
"The Soil'' by Professor King, page
9. shows how far from the truth are
such conceptions of air having little
or no weight: "In the first place let
us note that, light and imponderable
as the air seems to be, it nevertheless
presses very heavily upon all surfaces
at or near sea Ievel-so heavily in
deed that the pressure is nearly 10
pounds on each square inch OF surface
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1912-09-01

through the stomata Of the leaves.
This word stomata is the plural OF
the Greek word stoma, which means
a mouth. Our scientists tell us that
the under part OF an apple leaf has
from 80, 600 to 100, 600 Of these stomata
or mouths to the square inch.
Through these openings most of the
carbon built into plants makes its
entrance. A little carbon enters
plants from the soil but all comes
originally from the atmosphere. 1t
it we're not for the fertility that
comes from the soil through the roots
to the leaves the carbon entering
through these mouths could do the
plant no good and the reverse is true;
that Is, it the carbon did not meet
the fertility coming from the soil it
could do the plants no good. The
fertility coming from the soil and
the carbon coming from the air are
not food but food materials and only
become food after they are worked
over in the leaves by such power, as
Gray says.
There are nine elements of fertility
held In the soil to be pumped up to
the leaves to meet the carbon. These
are hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
sulphur, phosphorus, potassium (pot-
ASH magnesium, calcium (lime) and
are ten elements absolutely essential
to plant growth. Percival 10 "Agri
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1912-09-01

cultural Botany" says, on page 1869:
"All attempts to grow plants in soil
or water from which one or more of
these elements are excluded end in
failure. The other elements some
times found in plant ash are super
fuous; even sodium and silicon,
which are present in all plants grow
ing in ordinary soils, are not lndis-
pensible, for healthy specimens cap
able of producing seed can be reared
without them. The fruit grower
need never worry about the carbon
for that is present in all atmosphere.
Neither does he need to worry about
the iron, the magnesia, the sulphur,
and if water is plentiful, the hydrogen
and oxygen for water consists of two
parts of hydrogen and one part of
water. There are just three things
that need the orchardist's careful at
tention lest they be found deficient
and they are nitrogen in available
form, phosphorus and potash. Lime
may also be deficient and that will
be when the soil is sour If trees lack
vigor then nitrogen IS deficient.
Nearly four fths of the air is nitro
gen but this will not help plants at
all unless it is present in the soil as
nitrates. When the free nitrogen of
the air unites with a natalie base
such as potash, lime, magnesia or
Continued on nape -
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1912-09-01

and more than a ton to the square
foot. Each square rod of land lying
near sea level sustains load amount
ing to 289 tons and each acre 46, 200
tons!" That is some weight. IT we
could completely exhaust the air from
our dwellings they would be crushed
as easily as we can crush an empty
egg she'll IN our hand.
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1912-09-01


ing to 2S9 tons and each acre 46,2OO
tons" That is some weight. IT we
could completely exhaust the air from
our dwellings they would be crushed
as easily as we can crush an empty
egg she'll IN our hand
WATER
There are many interesting things
about water that we need not here
consider. What water does for the
gardner and fruit grower is all that
is germane to the purpose l have be-
fore me in writing these articles.
What is the function of water in plant
life? In answering this question we
must say that the function of water
is to carry the food materials in the
soil through the roots and stem to
the leaves and then after it is elaborat-
ed to carly the food to the growing
points in both top and roots. Not
all the water used in transporting
food materials to the leaves is used
in transporting the elaborated sap to
the growing points; in fact only a
small portion of it is used in this
way, while most of the water reaching
the leaves from the roots is evapOrat-
ed into the air. This water used in
this way is called the Transportation
CURRENT Let me make a quotation
from agricultural Botany by John
Percival, an eminent English author:
"The very extensive loss of water by
Transportation would soon end in flag
ging and death if more water were
not absorbed to take the place of that
which is given off. The necessary
absorption takes place at the root in
the manner previously explained and
between the root hairs where the
water enters, and the leaves, where
the bulk of it escapes into the air,
there is a continuous movement of a
stream of water through the root and
stem of growing plant. This cur
rent of water is termed the transpira-
ton current This same author on
page 1872 of the work just quoted, tells
us that the amount of water that
escapes into the air som etimes
amounts to as much as three or four
tons to the acre in one day. 1t is be-
hot Of hnif
orchard will give off more than this
amount of water in the same time,
but we have no data to settle such a
surmise. We must realize that our
orchards must be we'll supplied with
water if we want our trees to grow
and mature a good crop of fruit.
There are ten elements of fertility
that are absolutely necessary to the
growth of our trees and the perfection
of our fruit. One OF these ten ele-
ments enters through the leaves, that
is the carbon, but nine OF them must
reach the leaves through this trans
piration current. The roots OF large
trees reach down into the soil much
deeper than the roots of garden vege-
tables and the reserve water in the
subsoil may be used and they prosper
while this underf1ow of water lasts
but we must be careful for If this un-
derfiow is exhausted both the tree
and the fruit will suffer.
THE SOIL.
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1912-09-01

Continued on page II.
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1912-09-01
THE SOIL.

We talk about the fertility of the
soil as if it was the source of fertility.
I have already shown that over 81 per
cent of what is built into plants
comes from the air. We never talk
about fertility of the air. 1t is in the
soil that the plant meets the fertility
that comes from the air except IN the
case of carbon which enters plant. life
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1912-06-26

Job Hedges, of New York, seconding
nomination, quoted a complimentary
tribute that Roosevelt once paid to
Root. This caused great amusement.
Hadley followed Hedges to second
McGovern's nomination and there was
loud and prolonged cheering. Cover
nor Johnson, of California, seconded
McGovern.
Against the threats, charges and
bitter investive of the Roosevelt
forces, Taft supporters put through
the first portion of their program by
electing Senator Elihu Root of New
York as temporary chairman. In
spite of the fact that Victor Rose
water, chairman of the national COM
mittee, consistently ruled out Of order
every motion made by the Roosevelt
forces, it required more than five
hours to reach a vote or the tenn
porary Craftsmanship.
Calling of the roll was beset with
difficulties from the very first name
on the list of delegates, but in the
end, when the tumult had died away,
Senator Root was found to have Won
by r vote Of 558 to 502 for Governor
Frances E. McGovern Of Wisconsin,
with fourteen scattering votes and
four not voting.
Vote on temporary chairman follows:
Alabama "a votes: Root %; Nc
Govern 2.
Arizona 6 votes: Root 6.
Arkansas IS votes: Root II; Nc
Govern 1.
California 26 votes: Root 2; Nc
Govern "a.
Colorado IL votes: Root IL.
Connecticut IA votes: Root IA.
Delaware 6 votes: Root 6.
Florida IL votes: Root IL.
Georgia % votes: Root %; Nc
Govern 6.
Idaho s votes: McGovern 8.
Illinois So votes: Root 8; Meow
ern 40.
Indiana 80 votes: Root 20; Meow
ern 40.
Indiana 80 votes: Root 20; Meow
ern 10.
Iowa 26 votes: Root 16; McGovern
10.
Kansas 20 votes: Root 2; McGov.
ern 10.
Kentucky 2s votes: Root %; Nc
Govern 8.
Louisiana 20 votes: Root 20.
Maine - votes: McGovern IL.
Maryland 16 votes: Root 8; Nc
Govern s.
Massachusetts SO votes: Root IL;
McGovern IS.
Michigan 80 votes: Root 10; NC
Govern 10; n absent.
Minnesota "a votes: McGovern "a.
Mississippi 20 votes: Root 16; NC
Govern 4.
Missouri So votes: Root 16; Nc
Govern 20.
Montana 8 votes: Root 8.
Nebraska 16 votes: McGovern l6.
Nevada 6 votes: Root 6.
New Hampshire s votes: Root 8.
New Jersey % votes: McGovern 2S.
New Mexico s votes: Root 6; NC
Govern 2.
Timothy Woodruff voted for Nc
Govern, causing a great shout OF ap-
plause.
New York 80 votes: Root 76; Nc
Govern 10. Root did not vote.
North Carolina "a votes: McGoV-
ern 21; Root 8.
North Dakota 10 votes: McGovern
9; Hauser 1.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1912-06-26
on Platform.

Chicago.-Members of the commit
tee on platform and resolutions elected
by the different states delegations in
cluded:
Alabama-James J. Curtis.
Florida-Joseph E. Lee.
Georgia.. w. Martin.
Louisiana-H. C.. Warmoth.
Mississippi-L. K. Atwood.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT S. Haley.
New York-William Barnes, Jr.
North Carolina-Cyrus Thompson
Virginia-D. Lawrence Croner.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1912-06-26
THE REPUBLICAN
CONVENTION OPENS
AN EXCITING CROWD JAMS VAST
COLISEUM HOURS BEFORE
SIGNAL TO START.
ROOT TEMPORARY CHAIRMAN
The Roosevelt Advisers Spring an
Eleventh Hour Scheme to Permit
Only U%ncontested Delegates to Par
ticipate In Temporary Organization.

Chicago.-With battle lines drawn
taunt, with ~contending leaders and
iieutenants straining for possession OF
strategic positions, warning Taft and
Roosevelt forces met in conflict in the
fifteenth republican national conven-
ton Tuesday for a struggle that prom
lsed to make red pages in American
political history.
Hours before the signal gun crash
ed out it's summon to battle, the Col
iseum was crowded with humanity, all
sc%rambling, jostling, electrified by ex-
citement over the impending contest.
The stress of feeling between princi-
pals and the struggle was reflected in
the great throngs on the convention
floor and among the thousands who
crowded nearby hotels and streets all
eager and grasping for sensations that
were expected to develop in the Col
iseum.
President Taft's managers had con-
cluded their plans for the fight on the
floor of the convention on the assump-
ton that the temporary roll as pre-
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1912-06-26

pared by the national committee
would show a Taft majority by a small
margin. Also they assumed that the
temporary roll Of the committee
would become the temporary roll of
the convention.
Colonel Roosevelt and his advisers,
evidently familiar with the Taft fig
ures, evolved an eleventh hour scheme
for reducing this small Taft majority
by means of an arrangement to elimi-
nate from the poll on temporary or
ganization those votes which are chal-
lenged by Colonel Roosevelt.
Taft men drew first blood in the
national convention, when Chairman
Rosewater, after listening to argu-
ments of the Roosevelt and Taft fore
es, ruled out Of order the demand Of
the Roosevelt men that the temporary
roll be amended. BY the proposed
amendment, Roosevelt delegates that
were under contest would have been
substituted for Taft delegates admit
ted by the national committee. The
action of Chairman Rosewater pre-
vented the vote by the convention on
the Roosevelt proposition.
Chairman Rosewater presented the
name Of Elihu Root for temporary
chairman. Cochems of Wisconsin,
presented the name of Governor Nc
Govern. Job Hedges seconds nomina-
ton of Root. Great cheering, dele
gates rising and waving hats and ap-
plauding v~ociferously.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1912-06-26
Mora nIhird Party" Talk.

Chicago.-"The Roosevelt camp has
gradually Thursday divided into two
groups, A new party is in the process
of birth. AS to the immediate steps
to be taken there are almost as many
opinions az there are men. In the
inner councils of the Roosevelt camp
two groups are forming. One group is
satisfied to beat Taft and have a mod
crate progressive candidate nominal
ed. The second group believes that
the setting aside of Roosevelt after he
has carried the primaries would in it
self be a victory for the reactionaries.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1912-06-26
The Crowd Yelled.

Chicago.-After the vote in favor OF
Root for temporary chairman was an
nounced, Senator Root mounted the
platform. The crowd yelled itself
hoarse while the band swung into a
lively tune. Sergeant-at-Arms Stone
had the utmost difficulty in restoring
order and the cheering broke out anew
as Chairman Rosewater, after a brief
speech, which could not be heard,
handed the big gavel to Root. The
situation was never beyond control.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1912-06-26
WILL NAME TAFT
ON FIRST BALLOT
INDICATIONS ARE THAT NAME
OF ROOSEVELT Will NOT BE
PRESENTED.
WORK OF FRIDAYS SESSION
Forces Of tho Colonel Are Making
; Their Last Stand In Fight Against
PIatform-Hushes Says His Name
Not to Be Considered.

Chicago.-Saturday the Republican
leaders directing the affairs of the
national convention tried to crowd the
work Of three days into one With
permanent organization to be effected,
with several important contest cases
to be heard, with rules to adopt, plat
form to be threshed out and nomina-
tions for President and Vice Prest-
dent to be made, the convention was
Gale to order at 10 a. m, and every
possible effort made to dispose Of the
accumulated business before adjourn
ment Of the session was taken. Z
1t seemed a foregone conclusion on
Friday night that President Taft would
be renominated on the first ballot.
Colonel Roosevelt indicated that his
name would not be presented to the
tainted convention" II his wishes
were followed. Talk of q compromise
candidate, dropped two days ago,
SuOWSu uO 6l6u VI 1Sf1SoL ~ WOO
generally believed that the delegates
instructed for Colonel Roosevelt would
offer his name despite his expressed
desire.
The Roosevelt forces had not aban-
doned their general fight In the con-
vention by any means and a hard
struggle was in prospect over the
Texas and Washington contests. The
new rules which the Roosevelt people
said were framed to perpetuate the
present system of controlling a nation.
al convention, were sure to precipi.
tate a heated debate, while the plat
form was assailed by the LaFollette
delegates as well as some Of the pro-
gressives in the Roosevelt faction.
Justice Hughes of the United States
Supreme Court, evidently disturbed
by the prominence given his name in
talking Of a compromise candidate
several days ago, sent two kilograms
to Senator Root, couched in most posi-
tive terms, to the effect that his name
must not be considered under any cir,
cumstances for the presidential nom
nation; that If he were nominated
he would be under the embarrassing
necessity of declining the honor, so
that the convention would have to
reconvene and nominate somebody
else.
Mr.. Roosevelt himself, has repeat
eddy declared that he would have
nothing to do with the convention I'M
less it was 'purged of tainted dele.
gates" .... m.t..s.t
1t was reported that Colonel Roose-
Welt had already told William A. Pen
dergrast, who was to place him in
nomination, not to present his name
unless the present control Of the body
should by chance be overturned.
If Colonel Roosevelt eventually
heads an independent ticket, It SEEM
ed certain Friday night that the con-
vention which will name him will be
held at a time considerably after the
adjournment of the present Republi-
can national convention. AS a result
of the decisive votes Of Fridays pro-
ceedings, and after a days sober
reflection on the part Of his close adj
visers, the plan for a continuation Of
the present convention as outlined,
practically has been abandoned.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1912-06-26
nnked Like a HRolt,U

Chicago.-Talk of a definite rupture
In the Republican national conven-
ton was insistent Wednesday night in
the Roosevelt camp. Reports of this
nature were repeated with such fire.
uuency as to lend color to the belief
of many that they were we'll grounded.
The use of the term bolt" however,
was avoided carefully by, supporters
of the e~x-President, whose conten-
ton is that, should there be a final
break, they and not their opponents
will constitute the genuine Republican
convention.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1912-06-26
Some Trouble to Get In,

Chicago.-Every ticket holder pass
ed muster three times before he found
his place in the convention hall. At
the last he surrendered his days cou-
pom and no means remained to help
a friend, or to convince a d~oor-keeper
of the importance Of the ticketiess
ones outside. Outside the hall there
was a scramble for admittance but no
kind Of %eloquence, no argument, no
plausible story of imperative business
on that side of the street was Of any
avail. Every policeman had to be
Shown"