davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
SLANG BY NO MEANS NEW
Familiar Phrase "Get the Hook" Has
Come Down 10 Present Times
From Long Ago.

I'VE are aco'-e'~-, 90 'aving ac-
cepted ideas Ct tsshness and
originality of GU. s.aDg held up to the
scorn and mockery of the initiated"
said member of group of amateur
archaeologists and antiQuarians which
meets regularly in one OF the New
York clubs.
How often we have seized upon
some newly coined phrase, some APP
parently unique product from the
great popular language mint, and ad-
vanced it as a genuine invention of
the day, only to discover that it was
known to generations past in almost
identical form and is truly an old
coin restamped.
Everybody is familiar with the
phrase get the hook 1t has been es-
tablished in current speech as a slang
expression of peculiar vigor and terse-
ness. Almost anyone could tell you
that 1t originated in the amateur
nights at popular vaudeville theaters
where aspirants for fame are given
a chance to try their powers upon
an audience, and that it refers to the
implement with which the stage man.
ager brings about the actors forcible
exit when the audience can stand nc
more. Cat calls and jeers failing to
extinguish the ardor of the performer
there is a demand for the hook and
the unhappy artist is dragged into
the wings, willy nilly.
From this application the phrase
has come into general use for all oc
casions when one is bored or wearieC
of anything or anybody.
"Now on the face of 1t this looks
like a truly modern bit of slang. i
can be traced, apparently, to a mod
ern custom and modern method o
entertainment. You would say, of
hand, that the hook is a genuine
Americanism if ever there was one.
mot at all. 1t is at least 10 centuries
old, possibly older than that.
Among the most interesting dis
coveries in the ruins of Pompeii, de
stroyed 70 A. D., are the inscription
scratched upon the walls by idlers an
street arabs, 'grafitti, they are called
zone Of them reads as follows:
'Puteolanis feliciter, omnibus Nj
cherinus felicia, ct uncu(m) Pompe
Janis (et) Pitecusanis.'
(Which means, 'Hurrah for the Pr
! teolaneans; good luck to all Nucer
+ ans; the hook for the Pompeiians an
e Pithecusans.'
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
Kindness to Animals.

"a little color from the Potrero"-
so a genial friend informs the San
Francisco Chronicle.
Far out on the very edge of town
is a little school house, the first and
second grades of which are COM
manded by pretty little normal
school graduate.
Her pupils are all sons and
daughters of the warmer sort of i'm
pulsive foreigners and have all reach,
ed a state of alteration for their
queen and vie with each other in
ways to please her.
"One day she had dwelt especially
upon loving and caring for dumb ami
mails. The next day little Pietro re
manned in his seat when his school
mates dropped out to play.
Teacher was busy at her desk and
did not notice him until she felt 6
little fist Juggling at her sleeve.
why, Petrol she exclaimed
what is the trouble?'
'Nothin', teacher. I Just wanted
to tell you how was good to dumb
animals yesterday he promptly re
piled.
"Why. isn't that nicel Pietro, JUS
what did you dor
"Pietro drew himself up to his full
three feet and proudly asserted:
II kissed the cat"
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
Cochineal Scarlet.

It is the opinion of Leon Diguet.
who has been studying the state Of
the cochineal industry in Mexico for
some time, that before many years
have passed cochineal scarlet will
have become a thing of history only,
like the Tyrian purple of antiquity.
wonder how many people are aware
of the method of manufacture of this
well known dye. 1t is made from the
dried female of the cochineal insects
(Coccus cactD. They are gathered by
brushing the branches Of the nopal
cactus, on which the insects feed as
soon as they begin to lay their eggs.
They are then desiccated in ovens or
filled with boiling water. 1t has been
estimated that one pound of cochineal
contains no fewer than 10000 distinct
insects. The color is brought out and
fixed by chloride of tin. Only a few
plantations of the nopal cactus now
remain, hence the fear that the dye
will soon become a thing of the past
at any rate unless some other sub
stance is found on which to feed the
insects.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
SECRETARY KNOX GOES SOUTH
Will Visit All Countries Bordering on
Caribbean Sea.


Washington.-Worl significance
attaches to the visit to be made by Sec
rotary Knox at the direction of Presi-
dent Taft to the countries bordering on
the Caribbean sea. European diplo-
mats, recalling a recent speech of Mr..
Knox before the New York State Bar
association, look upon the proposed trip
with interest. That speech is being
interpreted as the latest notice given
by the United States that the principle
of Amreica for Americans must be OBJ
served Central American diplomats
are unanimous in their statements that
the secretary's visit not only would al
lay doubt as to the attitude of the
United States toward these countries,
but would ward off possible encroach-
ments upon nations in the other hemis-
pheres.
The efforts of the state department
to maintain neutrality between the re-
publics of the south, and its endeavors
to unravel their financial tangles have
proceeded, it is said, not without the
potential influences of the world powers
Particular attention was shown by a
number of diplomats to those portions
of Mr.. Knox's speech in which he ad
vocated the immediate ratification by
the senate of the loan conventions with
Nicaragua and Honduras.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
GONZALES ISSUES MANIFESTO.
Calls Upon the People to Abide by the
Law and Madero.

Ell Paso, Texas.-Copies of a mani
festo issued in the city of Chihuahua
by Acting Governor Aureliano S. Con
zales reached Ciudad Juarez recently.
Governor Gonzales calls upon the peo-
pie of the state to abide by the law
and to uphold the present national ad-
ministration. He declares the United
States government is regarding the
Mexicans as an inferior race and in
capable of government, is now as
sembling large army to invade Mex
leo, and to tread its sanity soil, which
is sprinkled with the blood of heroes
and martyrs.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
NORTHWEST WILL GET
THE POOR EMIGRANTS
State, County and City officials of the
Northwest Will Meet at Tacoma
to Discuss Question.

VIII the northwest be confronted by
an unprecedented emigration of foreign
Panama canal, resulting from transat-
lantic transportation companies dump
ing a large proportion of emigrants
now landing at New York at Seattle,
Tacoma and Portland2
This is a problem which must be met
by the cities of the Pacific northwest
at once by proper legislation or com.
prehensive plans for handling the in
fiux.
Mayor Seymour of Tacoma announces
meeting of the governors, mayor;
and other officials of the northwest al
Tacoma, February p and %, to dis
cuss the matter.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
TAFT BUREAU READY FOR ACTION
Campaign Manager w. B. Mckinley
Makes Statement After Confer.
ence With Secretary Hilles.

Washington.-Taft campaign head
quarters were opened here Tuesday and
are known as the National Taft bu-
reau.
Representative William B. Mckinley
of Illinois, chairman of the republican
congressional committee, and recently
selected as preconvention manager Of
the Taft campaign, made the announce
ment after conference with Secretary
Hilles.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
ROCK SALT FOR MODS
BETTER THAN LEAD BULLETS,
SAYS SIR HIRAM MAXIM.
Reserve Force Should Carry Guns
Loaded With Buckshot for Use
II the Rlotous Crowd Ia
Unsubdued.

It has been suggested that some
thing less deadly than leaden bullets
should be used by our troops against
rioters. 1t has been suggested that
bullets might be made of sawdust
and grease, but this is altogether Inn
practicable, as such bullets would sim
ply be atomized by the force OF the
explosion and atmospheric resistance.
The suggestion is, however, a good
one, inasmuch as it sets one thinking
on a subject that we shall have TO
face very shortly.
The ordinary military rife is n
very powerful weapon. It has been
designed for killing at very long
range and it is quite possible that un-
der favorable circumstances at short
range the same bullet might pass
through 20 men.
Disorderly, murderous mobs are
constantly increasing in numbers, and
each riot is fiercer and more deter
mined than those that have preceded
It. There is bound to be a greater
number of them in the future, which
we shall have to deal with, whether
/
that we should make a study of the
subject and provide and use the best
possible arms for the purpose.
Il must not be supposed for a
single moment that large and turbu-
lent mobs such as were lately found
in Liverpool, and who fight like de-
mons, can be subdued without the
loss of some life. Some loss is in
evitable, but let 1t be as small as pos
sible and let us, at least, attempt to
avoid doing injury to any except those
who are actually making war upon
the soldiers or police.
Suppose the officer in command had
400 soldiers opposed, we will say. to
10000 hooligans and strikers. II
would be best to arm about 200 of
them with very large bore, single
barrel shotguns, having rather short
barrels, and these should be provid-
ed with cartridges of the ordinary
type: but, instead of lead shot. they
J should be loaded with very coarse
grains of hard rocksalt, the grains be
ing about the size of large peas. The
salt has the advantage of being light
- so that 1t does not penetrate very
d far, and, as 1t soon dissolves ant
runs out of itself, and as 1t is also
n an antiseptic, no surgical operation
d would be necessary.
l. Rock salt was used very success
Il fully in the early Colonial days o
New England.
d Another hundred of the soldier
/ should be armed with the same kind
l. Of gun, but the cartridges should b.
If loaded with small charge Of blaol
n powder and a very large charge o
buckshot These shot would not xii
v at a range Of few hundred feet
i but at very close range Of a few
p feet, where all the shot are in lumI
l. they would be fatal.
With these 300 guns the crow
d could in all probability be kept at bay
a OF course the buckshot would not b
used until the salt had failed. Their
4 again, If the attack was very violen
the whole 800 guns could be worke
n with buckshot-Sir Hiram Maxim,
n the London Express.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
Iona time to Get to the Bridge.

A scientist attached to the Museum
of Natural History in New York. a
most unsophisticated man. was one
evening enjoying a brisk walk in the
vicinity Of the park on his way home
when he encountered forlorn look
ing woman scantily clad and weep
ing.
The scientists heart was touched.
as he stopped to see what he could
do for the unfortunate. Il want to
go to the Brooklyn bridge" explained
the woman, "and I've lost my way"
The gentleman supplied sympathy,
minute directions as to reaching the
bridge. together with liberal amount
of car fare.
Some time later a similar incident
occurred. The scientist, just as be
fore, was encountered at dusk by the
same woman, who went through the
same scene. Il want to go to tho
Brooklyn bridge" she walled
"Mercyi" exclaimed the scientist,
haven't you got TO the bridge ystf''
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
Scene never TO BE
FORGOTTEN IN NY.
ARRIVAL OF 200 CHILDREN OF
STRIKERS OF LAWRENCE,
MASS, FOR FOOD.
They Sang 1.-The Marseillaise -
Many Rich and Church People Offer
to Care for Children-Brothers and
Sisters Wanted to Stay Together.

New York.-An innovation in labor
war tactics was tried by the distribu-
ton, here, of 119 children whose pa
rents are engaged in the textile strike
at Lawrence, Mass.
Red banners and large number of
socialistie emblems were borne by the
crowd and when at last the train ar
rived a band blared forth ''The Mar
sellaise, and mighty cheers were
given. At the labor temple, to which
they were taken, the children were ar
ranged around long tables and fed
At the time the meal was over the
children were feeling happy enough to
sing "The MarseillaiseD A large
crowd outside the doors took up the
words of the revolutionary hymn and
it was sung and resung.
Among those who offered to take care
of the children were Mrs. o. II. P. Bel
mont and the Rev. Percy Stiekney
Grant, pastor of the Church of the AS
cension. Mrs. Belmont and the minis
ter were denied, however, being told
there were more than 700 applications
and only 119 children.
When the distribution of the children
began difficulties were encountered
when it came to splitting up a family.
One little golden haired girl burst into
tears and cried loudly for her
- BROTHER
The scene convinced the committee
that it would not do to separate fam
lies, and many persons agreed to take
five and even six children temporarily
until a further distribution could be
made.
Members of a committee of the unions
which superintendent the importation of
119 little children, says that the ex-
pertinent of distributing the little waits
here had proved so successful that
probably a thousand children would be
brought to New York.
Strike Situation.
Lawrence, Mass. Sunday, which
marked the beginning of another month
in the strike of more than 10000 mil
operatives for an increase in wages, was
one of general activity.
1t is estimated that the financial Loss
due to the strike, a major portion Of
which falls upon the strikers, has ap
preached the 81 100000 mark.
The mills are said to have protected
themselves against heavy loss by hav
ing their work performed elsewhere.
1t is said 700 or 500 hands go in
where usually 5000 are employed.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
Kentucky Bad Man Shot.

Pilzeville, Ky.-One of the most noted
feud leaders in the Big Sands valley,
Louis Hall, who had boosted of killing
% men, was shot and instantly killed
at Shelby Gap, in the Pine mountains,
by Constable George Johnson, and
Hall S son, Morgan Hall, met the same
fate a moment later at the officer s
hands. They resisted arrest.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
Morgan win Find Others.

New York-St. George s, the largest
Protestant Episcopal church in New
York, finds itself suddenly called upon
to obtain four clergymen to fill vacan-
cies caused by the resignation of its
entire pulpit staff. The parish has more
than 5000 members and includes among
its supporters j. Pierpont Morgan and
bles
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
Big Pension Bill Killed.

Washington.-The Sherwood social
ed dollara-da pension bill was rejected
by the senate committee on pensions
and another measure which would in
volve an annual expenditure of S24,-
OOO,O 900 proposed as a substitute by Sen
ator Smoot, of Utah, was adopted.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
chicago's New Chinatown.

Chicago.-Chinese here are signing
leases for places of business in a new
Chinatown. Twenty new buildings, as
a starter for the new home of the celes-
tials, are to be erected in the triangle
formed by Archer avenue, Wentworth
avenue and Twenty-second street.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
M. shuster In New YORK.

Morgan Shuster, ex-treasurer general
of Persia, was a passenger on the steam
ship George Washington, which arrived
in New York Sunday.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
NO PRESIDENCY FOR FOLK.
NIissouri's Former Governor Gives UI
the Battle.

St. Louis.-Former Governor Joseph
W. Folk has retired from the race for
Endorsement in Missouri for the demo-
cratic presidential nomination, in agree
ing to a proposal made by Speaker
Champ Clark. Mr.. Clark wanted Mr..
Folk to agree to a divided delegation.
Mr.. Folk did this and at the same
time released all of his friends from
giving him their support.
Lon Sanders, campaign manager for
Governor Folk, says: "This practi-
cally means Mr.. Folk s withdrawal
from the presidential race"
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
Rose win Report Conventions.

Helena, Mont.-Robert A. Rose, Of
this city, a well-known shorthand man,
who has officially reported II national
conventions, has announced his accept
anee of an offer from the Associated
Press to report the republican national
convention in Chicago and the demo
cratic national convention in Baltimore.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
New York Has Big Fire.

New York.-Fire Sunday swept along
a row of brick structures occupied by
various business firms on Vesey street,
causing a loss roughly estimated at
$3.50, 900.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
I. N. Van Nuvs Is Dead.

Los Angeles. N. Van Mugs, presi-
dent of the Farmers and Mechanics
National bank of this city, died at his
residence here, Tuesday, after long i'll
ness. He was II years old and had
resided in Los Angeles AZ years.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
Bow Kills His Father.

Seattle. - John Henry Clark, aged
As, fisherman, was shot and killed by
his son, aged Is, while the father was
trying to break into a house to do bodily
harm, at Foster, occupied by the boy
and his mother and his little sister.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
rRAMwAY BROKE; FIVE DROWN.
Fifty workmen Plunged Into River
When Suspension Bridge Drops.

Casper, Wyo.-While a gang of
workmen were crossing the Platte river
on an aerial tramway at the govern
ment Pathfinder dam, so miles south
west of here, the cable broke and the
carrier, with its human freight, dropped
to the rocks 1s6 feet below. Five men
are reported dead and several badly
injured.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
MAINE WRECK FLoATED SUNDAY
Pump Recovered From Old Hulk Sup
plies Power.

Havana.-The wreck of the Maine
tioated free from the mud when the
water was turned into the dam sur
rounding the wreck.
Nothing more has to be done except
to break the dam and float out the ship.
Water was forced into the dam
through a system of pipes fixed at the
bottom of the ship, the power being
supplied by pump that had been re-
covered from the wreck.
The ship began to rise Immediately
No leaks of any Importance have been
discovered.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
Troops ordered to FL Paso.

Washington.-A battalion of the
Eighteenth infantry has been ordered
from Whipple barracks, Arizona, to FL
Paso, Texas. The situation at Juarez
is reported to be ugly.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
Lister, Famous Surgeon. Dead.

London.-Joseph Lister, first Baron
Lister, who was made famous by his
discovery of an antiseptic system of
treatment in surgery, is dead.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
w. B. Stevens. of Everett. Dies.

Everett, Wash.-W. B. Stevens, well
known resident of Everett, died Tues
day as a result of grief over the recent
death of his son.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
PACING Northwest wheat.

decentralization, s6@ssc; forty
fold, s6@s6hc; club, s6c;' red Russian,
sac.
Standardization s9c; fortyfold,
seize; fife, sec; club, sec; red Russian,
sac.
Portland-Track prices: Club, sea
SIC; bluestem, s9@9Oc; fortyfold, sc
@s7c; red Russian, s5c; valley, sea
SIC.
Walla Walla-Wheat-B SO
@s1c; Turkey red, s2@ssc; club, ne
Barley, $34 to $3s.
Observation-Disclosures, nc; fife, 75c.
Lewiston-Bluestem and Turkey red
zee; fortyfold and club, zoe; red Rus
sian, Csc. Oats, S1.30. Barley-Brew
ing, $3.50; feed, $1.30.
Odessa-Bluestem, nc; Jones' fife
74c.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1912-02-17
LATE MARKET REPORTS

Dispatches concerning market quota
tions, conditions and phases are as fol
lows:
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-06-18

Iof P. j. McHugh, contractor,
who protested against the award
ing of the contract for the coun-
ty road paving to the Washington
Paving companyl, when his !, bid
was $4,000 lower on the same
specifications, the county COM
missioners have granted the con-.
tract to the Washington Paving
company again and are momen-
tarily expecting the filing of in
junction proceedings by McHugh.
The Washington Paving COM
pany's bid was for $110,284
against McHugh's bid of $780,
018.24. Considerable testimony
was introduced to show that Nc
Hugh had had trouble with his
Seattle contracts although it was
admitted that the nature of the
trouble or the cause of delays
were not known had they, been
would not have mitigated against
him. The commissioners placed
him on the defense and made him
the subject of an attack, through
clerk in the office of the Wash
ington Paving company's atttor-
neys.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-06-18
FOR Sale---A Snap

Owner leaving city, must sell 2
or lots. new 4-room cottage, bath.
best porcelain plumbing, basement,
electric lights and gas, good garden,
chicken house and yard, also some
fine chickens; X block from car, is
minutes ride from 9Th st. Phone
Main 1896 or call at 210 st. Helens
aV.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-06-18
a coon HOME. $3.50
rz6.O0 Down. qJf0 Month.

A new and we'll built ; room
bungalow on level lots on corner.
locafip<e. close In. Come out any
evening after 6 and see this. Take
Pacific Traction car get off at 26th
ST See Mason. OF phone Main 6S7G-L
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-06-18
Injunction Proceedings
Are Expected Now

Following the hearing before
the county commissioners yester-
day regarding the responsibility
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-06-18

.s--cc~sr,ST---~> M cccccS; -----'--. =,
stock and tools in exchange for
Tacoma residence property; no
agents. Call or address 415 So.
30th st.
WANTED--Good work team, har-
ness and wagon; will trade my
sSH a4f as e 5hSd Ra s qsa tSr
ing Tacoma. L. p. Franklin, 1902
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-06-18

The Times Want AID phone il
Main IL.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-06-18
Say Il saw it in the Tines.

A GOOD investment, cottage. 1
business house, paying s per cent.
Requires small amount to handle
it.
III. w. MYERS
42S Perkins Bldg.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-06-18
WANTED TO BUY


LARGE new stock OF wall paper.
very latest designs and pafternn
~sassrs z ei,9. PANT sa@9 Pc de- g th Z
Co, 11<z G y
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-06-18
HOUSE WITH GABLEs, ACREs

HOUSE WITH z GABLES, 8 ACRES
About zoe It. waterfront. ali
cleared. fenced. about half in fruit,
such as berries. apples, cherries,
English walnuts; fine spring; house
is modern and water from own
spring piped all over the place,
faucet in tse sard. faucet in the
barn, faucet in the chicken pens,
faucet in the orchard. This faucet
Is where you want 1t. This can be
purchased right.
q. NJ Johns
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-06-18
> U. M JOH NJ
SIT California Bldg.
MCKINLEY HILL sNA

MCKINLEY HILL SNAP
Broom house. o fine view lots,
streets graded, cement walks in
and paid for, near NJ p. hospital.
Price only $3.50, on terms.
PHOENIX g. BAUMGARDNER
AIS Bankers Trust. Main 7947
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-06-18


I-AhC;EI<T LfQpCR CO.. HIS Pa<-
80: a. xh2'sss's ...d fe,a5tx t 5s..
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1912-06-18
A BARGAIN FOR YOU
FOR SALE BY OWNER

FUR BALE BY OWNER
Must be sold at once. Price only
$1,000. 30 acres, acres in grass
and potatoes and in PASTURE; 2
water. Call Alfred Balmer, Ia
miles east of Falkland on Collins
road. p. o. address r. d. No. 4,
Box 3O3, Tacoma.