The Detroit times., 1912-07-10
HOUSES KEEP LONDON WARM.
There Is a Difference Of Two Degrees
Between City and Country.

There Is Difference OF Two Degrees
Between City and Country.
The temperature OF the air in the
metropolis is raised by the artificial
sources of heat existing in II no less
than two degrees on the annual mean
above that OF its immediate vicinity.
Mr. Howard, in his work on climate.
has fully established this fact, by a
comparison OF q long series of 90
servations made at Plaistow. STRAIT
ford. and Tottenham Green (all with
in five miles OF London). with those
made at the apartments OF the Royal
Society in London, and periodically
recorded in the Philosophical Trans
actions In explanation, Mr.. Howard
refers to the hat induced by the popu-
lations Gust as the temperature OF a
hive OF beesJ and from the domestic
fires, and from the foundries, brew.
cries, steam engines and other manu-.
factories.
When we consider that all these
artificial sources OF heat. with the ex-
ception OF the domestic fires. continue
in full operation throughout the sum-
mer, II should seem that the excess
Of the London temperature must be
still greater in June than II Is in jan
uary, but the fact is otherwise. The
excess of the city temperature Is
greater In winter, and at that period
seems TO belong entirely TO the nights
which average 37l0 degrees warmer
than the country; while the heat OF
the days. owing, without doubt. 10 the
interception OF a portion OF the solar
rays by a constant veil o. smoke,
falls, on a mean Of years, about a
third OF degree short Of that in the
open plains.
In the winter OF 1885, w. n. White
ascertained the temperature in the
city 10 be three degrees higher than
three miles south OF London Bridge:
and after the gas had been lighted
In the city four or five hours, the tenn
perature increased full three degrees,
thus making six degrees difference
in the three miles.
Doctor Prout found that when his
observations were made in the preva-
lence OF wind (his station being at
the western extremity OF London)
the air blowing from the east contain
ed a minute portion Of oxygen less
than that which blew from the west
The difference was exceedingly small
STILL II tended TO show that the air
which has passed over the streets Of
the metropolis differs In its amount
not only of carbonlc acid, but also
OF oxygen. from the air which has not
reached these scenes.
Change OF air In the metropolis Is
mostly effected by the mixture OF the
gases composing II. There are hun
dreds of places In London into which
the wind never finds admission; and
even among the wider streets there
are many through which a free cur
rent Is rarely blown. II Is only in
the night, when combustion In some
measure ceases, and the whole sur
face OF the earth is cooled, that the
gases are gradually removed, and the
whole atmosphere OF the city Is
brought nearly TO an equality Moth
ing, indeed, can be more striking
than the difference even in the SEN
sible qualities OF the air in London
in the early morning and In the even
ing; in the former 1t has a GOODNESS
and refreshing clearness which those
who know II in the heat Of later
hours can scarcely imagine
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