The Kadoka press and Kadoka reporter. [volume] (Kadoka, S.D.) 1910-1923, 1912-01-05

S6cuESu prdcllcaliy Ine same lHlOrIHd-
tion, except that the basis was town
ed farms" instead of "owned farms
homesn--a difference involving, how
ever, no appreciable incomparability.
In 1910 the total number of farms
owned in whole or in part by the op
orators was 57,9si. OF this nuplber
35, 101 were reported as free from mort
gage; q ,691 were reported as mort
gagged; and for 1882 no report rela-
tive to mortgage Indebtedness was
obtained. The number of mortgaged
farms constituted 1872 per cent of the
total number of owned farms, exclu-
siye of those for which no mortgage
report was obtained. The correspond
ing PERCENTAGE in 1900 was 36.7; in
1890 it was very much larger, namely.
52.4. 1t may be noted that the per-
centages given for the three censuses
are comparable, but that the number
of mortgaged and unmortgaged farms
reported in 1890 is not entirely COM
parable with the number reported at
the later censuses because of the CEN
sus of 1890 the farms for which no re-
ports were secured were distributed
between the two classes of mortgaged
and unmortgaged farms. 1t can be
seen, however, that the number of
mortgaged farms was approximately
the same in 1910 and in 1890, but in
1900 was much less; while farms free
of mortgage increased each decade.
The average debt of mortgaged
farms has increased in the last 20
years from $712 to 2,S07, or 306,9 per
cent, while the average value of such
farms rose from 81, ,S46 to $13,6 ,679, or
GAL per cent. As result of the greater
relative increase in the farm values
than in farm debt, the mortgage in
debtedness, which represented 3S.6
per cent of the value of the farm in
1890, has decreased to 2l.2 per cent
of this value in 1910.
OF the South Dakota farmers 63.6
per cent are native whites and 1928
per cent are foreign-born whites. Only
2, SJ8. or SO per cent of all farmers,
are non-white, 2,740 being Indians |;
81. negroes; and 1. a Chinaman. OF
the native white farmers 28.4 per cent
are tenants. as compared with 20.2
psr cent among foreign-born whites.
During the decade domestic animals
poultry, and bees combined increased
in value S62, ,056, 900, or 95.2 per cent.
A few classes decreased in value, and
those which increased did so in widely
different degrees. The greatest change
occurred in the total value of horses
and colts, nearly nine-tenths of the
whole cain being in this class, which
shows an increase OF $53, 1857 900, or
S65.7 per cent, and which now repre-
sents 57.7 per cent of the total value
of all live stock. Mules and mule
colts, which have been very unimport-
ant in the past, show the largest rela-
tive increase, 3S2.S per cent, among
the various classes of live stock, and
the absolute increase, SI.323, 200, in
the value of this class almost offsets
the decrease in the value of cattle.
Cattle show the only considerable
decrease, amounting to $1,591, ,00o, OF
AZ per cent. This loss is accounted
for by decrease of 4,978 in the mum.
Der and of SO, $40, ,000 in the total value
of steers and bulls of all ages, due to
the disappearance of the range ano
the extension of the farm. There il
also q decrease of 1877, ,634 in the mum
ber and 81, 430. 900 in the total value oi
calves, doubtless largely due to the
change in the date of enumeration
In 1900 the census was taken as Of
June /, after all the spring calves were
born, while that of 1910 was taken al
of April l5, before the close of the
calving season and when the calves
on hand were on the average younger
| than at the enumeration of 1900. Al
an offset to these decreases. there was
an increase of SO, ,S42, 900 in the value
of all cows and heifers.
The value of swine increased So, SAT,
600, or 1874 per cent, and that o
poultry S1,499, 900. or IT'S per cent
The lowest relative increase is in tine
value of sheep and lambs, amounting
to 23.3 per cent. which represents al
absolute increase of S56S,000.
The value of horses and colts i
more than twice that of cattle; il
1900 nearly the opposite situation ex
listed. The two classes together rep
resent about So per cent of the valu
of all live stock, while a decade ag'
they represented about SO per cent o
the total value. Swine represent s..
per cent, sheep and lambs, "a pc
cent; an poultry, f.9 per cent of tn
total value.
Of the total number of farms enum
Grated, 2,065, or 92.s per cent, repor
domestic animals of some kind, th
t.o,. o,,xx III, acffo ot