Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1912-02-01
STEERING A BOAT.
The Rig of the TiIIer Ropes often
a Source of Danger.
A CURIOUS LACK OF SYSTEM.

On Some Vessels the Chains Are Gross.
ed, and or Others They Are Straight,
and This May Mean Serious Trouble
With a Strange Hand at the Wheel.
A bronzed pilot was carefully nurs.
ing a big Atlantic liner through the
murk and confusion of early morning
and innumerable passing craft up the
crowded waters of New York bay. The
ship vas crowded with passengers.
most of whom had risen betimes to
watch their homecoming. A tense ex.
preston, brought on 10y the tremendous
responsibility, cast its grim lines over
the pilots face as he turned into the
lower Hudson river and saw a dense
fogbank creeping down from the Pal
isades. Three miles still to go, and
5000 lives In his hands. Slowly he
crept along. almost touching a ferry
load Of commuters, just skipping a
triple tow OF sand scows, threading
his way through the maze Of vessels
big and little: the fog, denser and
more dense. making 1t impossible to
see the shadow Of nearing craft more.
than a couple Of lengths away. "
Suddenly a departing liner, Just
hauled out into the stream, doomed up
off the starboard bow. The pilot turn
ed CHASTITY white. "My God! Crossed
chains or straight chains? Crossed
Onslaught? Heaven help me!' In
almost instant acporofiop bo ooIIoJ
lizard aport!" the quartermaster
swung the wheel overland the huge
floating hotel slowly turned out and
glided by, almost scraping the other.
Crossed chains-straight chains? 2"
What does this mean? 1t mean this
that there Is no invariable rule or sys-
tenn Of arranging the tiller ropes on
vessels sc that the latter always move
in the same direction In response to a
similar turn of the wheel. If equipped
with Crossed chains the craft will
turn the opposite way; If with
straight chains the wheel must be
turned in the same direction the vessel
are equipped with straight chains,
though this is by no means an invari-
able custom. Sailing craft may be and
are fixed either way. On the other
hand, harbor boats, including tow
boats, tugs, ETC., generally have crossed
tiller ropes.
Thus our pilot friend had spent most
Of his nautical life aboard tugs and
other inland boats and when confront
ed with a crisis of great responsibility
wavered ~momentarily between the in
fuence of his habit Of twenty years
and the newly acquired information
given him as he went aboard. 1t was
just by the sheerest chance that he or
dered the wheel turned the correct
way.
An able ocean seaman signed for a
round trip from Buffalo to Duluth and,
asked If he could handle the wheel.
was sent to the pilot house. They
were already under way. and, not be-
ing familiar with the uncertainties Of
steering gear, he neglected to ask the
usual question, Crossed chains or
straight chains?" The coal steamer
neared a scow load Of bricks. Hard
aport!' called the mate. The helms.
man flung his wheel to %starboard, as
he had been used to do on the high
seas, and his vessel bore down upon
the unsuspecting tow. Hard aport,
you idiot" yelled the mate. Don't
you know this boat has crossed
chains?" He reversed the wheel and
missed the scow by a bare Craze.
Such incidents as these are by no
means rare in navigating experience,
though fortunately serious accidents
therefrom are uncommon either be-
cause Of a benignant fate watching
over befuddled men at the wheel or
because they i~nstinctively follow the
new conditions and turn the helm In
the right direction. Pilots themselves
scof at suggestions Of danger, saying
that a real seaman's instinct will al
ways save him from making mistakes.
All the same. a man experienced in
handling vessels Of their own particu-
lar character is generally standing by
the newcomer at the wheel for safety's
sake.
A more common danger, as far as
the general public is concerned, Is the
universal lack of unity in arranging
the steering apparatus ON motorboats.
Most of these craft are exceedingly
small, and the tiller ropes are put in
at the beginning of every season by
the owners. themselves. to suit their
W particular notions. So, in every
fotilla will be seen steering gear Of
every description. from simple tillers
to elaborate brass mounted wheels, the
latter with either crossed or straight
chains. as individual fancy may die
tate. This Is safe as long as the
owner or one used to the craft is at
the wheel, and not many accidents are
reported In such circumstances. But
accidents have resulted when an ANA
teur used to crossed ropes has steered
q boat oppositely rugged.
But when one used to a launch with
crossed ropes" requiring turning the
wheel opposite to the direction the
boat is to go) takes the wheel Of an
then the passengers are
fortunate indeed II they are not put
into perilous situations: for motorists