davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1912-11-12
Powers Are Interested.

The great powers not directly interested
In the outcome. but more particularly
Germany, are making strong efforts to
reconcile the two antagonists, and Ii Is
believed that Germany has at least in
duced Austria Hungary not to press her
objections to Servia's aims until the end
of the campaign. Germany has pointed
out that the whole question of the Bal
kans can then be settled by European
conference in which the Balkan nations
Will have vooe.
When Ar, rduAe Francis Ferdinand, the
heir to the Austrian throne. meets the
German emperor shortly plans for this
conference will be drawn up.
This view comedies with that OF Great
Britain. as Premier Asquith explained in
his speech Saturday. The authorities at
Vienna take pains to point out that the
military conferences being held at Buda-
pest are not incongruous with Austria's
desire for peace. They explained that
plans and prec cautionary measures have
been considered but say they will not be
carried out unless Servia should violate
Austria'S s interests.
There has been some talk Of a naval
demonstration on the Adrtatic coast
when the Servians reach there. but the
of events.
Fighting Is Severe
Around Adrianople the Bulgarians arc
going through some OF the hardest fight
ing Of the campaign. Dispatches from
the Bulgarian side today state that the
Bulgarian troops suffered heavy losses In
he taking of the two Turkish forts on
kartaltepe and Papaztepe. outside or
the fortress Of Adrianople. Whenever
they wavered their officers and priests ex-
horted them to go forward at any cost.
The fort Of PapaZtepe was taken only
after heavy reserves had been brought
up, so stubborn was the Turkish resist
ance.
It is explained by military experts that
these two positions do not form part OF
the Notifications of the city OF Adrian
ople, but are situated on hills about seven
miles outside of the advanced fort OF
Karagoah This latter fort was reported
to have been taken by the Bulgarian
troops some days ago. but since then
the Turks have claimed q repulse Of the
BuIgarians. Tho two hills OF Kartaltepe
and Papaztepe. however. anord good
sta rttng points for an advance by the
bulgarian besiegers toward thu line Of
fortlfications.
Few Americans Remain.
The British foreign ONCE has Informed
the United States embassy here that very
few American citizens remain in the In.
terror Of Asia Minor. Even before the re-
quest was received from Washington
steps had been taken hz British ofndsla
Evening star., 1912-11-12
NO NOMINATION YET
Successor to DR.. Wiley Has
Not Been Appointed.
DIR. DOOLITTLE FAVORED
His Name Probably Will Go to Con-
gress Next Month.
EXTRA SESSION IS EXPECTED
Representative Payne Talks With
President Taft Regarding Pro-
gram as to the Tariff.

No announcement of the appointment
of successor to DIR. Harvey W. Wiley
as chief of the bureau of chemistry fol-
lowed the meeting of the cabinet today.
This selection has been delayed Tor
months. and the President shows no in
clination to hurry about it. He obtained
the views of the leading chemists of the
country as to fit men for the place and
has had the letters and recommended
tions Of these men before him a long
time. The situation still favors DR.. K
Z. Doolittle, the acting chief OF the
bureau. and it is probable the President
will send to Congress early in December
the nomination of DR.. Doolittle.
The President and Secretary Wilson
have seen little use to hurry in making
official announcement Of the choice OF a
man for head of the bureau. Both are
said to be satisfied with the work of DR..
Doolittle. There has been little or no
friction under his guidance of the affairs
of the office and his record. it is said in
high quarters, is exceedingly good.
Evening star., 1912-11-12
STUBBORN RESISTANCE
MADE AT ADRIANOPLE
Bulgarians Having Hardest Fighting
Of the Campaign.
MAY sTARvE OUT GARRISON
Population Is In Desperate Plight.
Large Numbers Of Turkish
Irregulars Have Been
Looting Villages.

Russia ofhclally informed the
United States today that it will
look out for the interests of the
United States in Turkish waters
and for United States citizens in
Turkey. The information was
conveyed to the State Depart
ment by the Russian embassy
here Immediately upon receipt Of
instructions from the foreign Of
flee at St. Petersburg.
AT the present moment Russia
is perhaps in better position than
any of the other maritime powers
to undertake the task of protect
ing American citizens and proper
ty in Turkey. She not only has
two battleships in the Bosphorus,
in front Of Constantinople, and a
warship on the Syrian coast, but
is also able to draw upon the
Black sea fleet for further REIN
forcements should it become nec-
essary.
Other Powers Represented.
| Other European powers having naval
-, representation in Turkish waters have
also consented to give the same protec-
| tion to American citizens as they give
| to their own citizens. There are about
eighteen foreign vessels In the vicinity
of Turkish ports.
The armored cruisers Tennessee and
Montana. which sailed from Philadelphia
today. were not bound for Constantinople,
as supposed, but for Smyrna and Beirut,
on the eastern shores of the Med.terran-
can. This destination was selected by the
State Department only after ii had salts
fled itself that there was ample foreign
naval force near Constantinople and
European Turkey to safeguard Americans
in that quarter.
Deadlock Continues.
LONDON, November 12-The deadlock
In the international political situation
brought about by the Balkan war con-
tinues. Neither Austria Hungary nor
Servia has given way on a single essen
tial point in regard to the future of Al
bania and the proposed occupation by the
Servians OF a port on the Adriatic sea.
Despite this. and the further fact that
the Russian press is daily intensifying the
Warlike tone of its support of the Seryian
cause. some OF the European chancelIerIes
take more optimistic view of the con-
dition of affairs, assuming that yester-
days conferences between the Austrian
and Servlan statesmen at Budapest have
tended to relieve the crisis.
So far as is known, however, DR.. S.
Daneff. the president of the Bulgarian
q, mber of deputies. simply informed
Emp peror Francis Joseph and his minis
ters of the position of the Balkan ma
tions in the matter and. in return, had
explained to him for the benefit of Servia
and Bulgaria the policy of Austria-Hun-
Evening star., 1912-11-12
WEATHER

Rain late tonight or Wednes-
day; warmer tonight, with mod
crate southerly winds.
Evening star., 1912-11-12

lConunued on Twelfth Page.l
Evening star., 1912-11-03

under DR.. Blue in San Francisco. On
this occasion DR.. Blue is not on the
very scene of action but by means of
telegraphic reports is kept in close touch
with the situation. The fight has been
quite strenuous. for. while the rodent
population is not extensive, it is scat
tered over such a vast area as to make
fight with a city block as the unit of
measure. the square mile has been found
more appropriate in Porto Rico.
Close study of the various species of
rats has been one of the chief reasons
why Surgeon General Blue has been so
successful in bringing about their ex
termination. Thorough knowledge of
their habits has enabled him to adopt
methods of eradication best fitted in
each case. OF the 300 species of
the genus mus. four are contended with
in fighting plague. They are the Mus
norwesicus. the sO-called brown or gray
rat. who stands at the head of his fam
number; the black rat. Mus rattus, the
inhabitant of ships: Mus alexandrinus.
or roof rat, who makes his home in high
places. and the Mus musculus, or COM
mon house mouse. To know just when
to resort to the guillotine or snap trap
and when to employ fumigation and
scatter poisoned bait are but a few of
the rat determination problems DR.. Blue
has mastered.
His work has necessitated the study
of rat traps of every type, and today he
iS the best informed man on the sub
ject in the country. Every rat-kiling
device manufactured has been investi-
Evening star., 1912-11-03

wonderfully carved. immense gold basins
and hundreds of drinking cups and dishes
of various kinds. There was so mucn
of il that it took the Indian goldsmith
a whole month. working day and nlgnt,
to cast it into ingots, and so much that
it filed the room, as PiZarro demanded
After PiZarro got the gold he tfeacneT-
ously killed the king, and IT ls said that
the Indians then gathered together sucn
gold as they had left and buried it in
that unknown lake.
There are said to be gold boards at
the bottom of Lake Titicaca. but that
can never be drained. There are other
gold boards in the nitrate fields farther
south. and indeed no one knows just
where the greatest treasures of the past
lie. 1t is very probable that there IS
some on the Isthmus of Panama, and the
excavation of old Panama City, which is
about to begin when the new road there IS
completed will unearth some which Were
hidden at the time that Morgan took and
DESTROYED the city. Morgan is said to
have taken away hundred and seventy
five horseloads of jewels, silver and gold,
and he tortured the people to make them
confess where the money was hidden.
If treasures are found at old Panama
it is not improbable that jewels and
pearls may be found among them. The
waters adjoining Panama and other parts
of Central America have long been noted
for their magnificent pearls. Some of
those in the crown of Spain came from
here, and III the cathedrals in Seville and
Toledo are strings and clusters of pearls
which the early explorers took from the
Indians. Columbus met natives wearing
ropes of pearls while he was in this part
OF the world, and he took one pearl
Evening star., 1912-11-03

of exterminating rats was used to great
advantage.
While the campaigns conducted ny sur
geon General Blue against the rat have
been for the sole object of combatin';
plague. they have been of unestimable
value i'm other ways. They have resulte
i'm the determination of millions OF rats.
which constitute "a commercial as well a
"a physical menace. The mere item o.
subsistence alone is enough to warrant
the limitation of the species. rat Will
consume approximately "A bushel OF gram
a year If the cost is taken at ST. II can
thus be seen that community suffers
an enormous loss in this way each year.
Although steel traps and poisoned bait
have been his chief weapons. surgeon
General Blue in all his anti-rat cam
paigns has called attention 10 the fact
that sanitation and ratproof construc-
tion are even better weapons FOR com
batting this murine pest. If sanitation
is practced the food supply OF the rat
is cut off. If every garbage can be
water-tight. well covered and maintained
in cleanly condition one can feel a
reasonable security from both rats ana
flies 1t is not enough. however, that
garbage cans be tight and clean; tn"
collection and disposal of their contents
require careful supervision. This com
prehends a study of a cftys entire rel
use disposal system, and. il necessary.
its reorganization to meet the sanitary
needs.
Evening star., 1912-11-03

government survey went to cocos accom-
panied by "A Colorado man who claimed
that he could hold stick in his rand
and that ii would turn over and point
down when he PASSED over gold. | have
seen men looking for water in the noun
tains of Virginia using the forked limb
of peach or apple tree in much the
same way. Well. the Colorado man 5
charm did not work on Cocos. l don't
know what was the matter. He went
there, but claimed he had not fair trial.
Another set OF treasure hunters came
here about five years ago from England.
j was at Panama at the time their boat
was In the harbor. That expedition was
headed by Earl Fitzwilliam, who is said
to have an income of a million dollars
a wear and 10 own hundred thousand
acres of land in Ireland. He had bought
yacht named the Neronique, and had
come out with. Admiral Paliser who at
one time was the commander of the Brit
ish fleet On the Pacific. The admiral rad
been sent to Cocos by The government
some years before TO investigate the
claims of a man named Hartford. an
Englishman, who had concession from
Costa Rica to hunt. for this treasure. He
was on the Imperieuse at the time, and
he and his sailors did some digging and
Evening star., 1912-11-03

for catching sewer rats. 1t is also OF
great value when it is desired to eaten
rats alive for the purpose of observing
them to ascertain whether they are IN
fected with plague.
Barrel traps have been found useful IN
warehouses where rats exist in large
numbers They consist of a cask half
full of water and having lid which VIII
tilt and precipitate the animal into the
water beneath. A large piece of rancid
cheese attached to the middle of the lid
serves to attract the rat. \ board. one
end of which rests on the floor and the
other on the chimes of the barrel. in
sures the approach of the rat from the
proper side.
In cold storage houses rats have been
successfully eradicated by suspending a
bait between two heavily charged over
head electric wires from which the insui-
alton has been removed for short dis
tance. The hungry rodent. crawling over
the wire shunts the current through Its
body and falls unconscious into tub OF
water in which it is drowned.
Shooting, clubbing and other forms or
violence have proven efficacious in eXter-
minatins the rodent population of stock
yards. food markets, abattoirs. provision
warehouses and other places where rats
abound i'm great numbers. POisons, when
skilfully prepared and intelligently dis
tributed are also a great aid in combat
ing rats. In the notable anti-rat cam
paign in San Francisco in 1907 this means
Evening star., 1912-11-03


gated by him. Some he obtains himself,
while others are forwarded to him by
inventors who desire the child of their
brain to receive the mark of approval
from the official rat-catchey of the land.
Recently Surgeon General Blue let it
be known that ne wished to acquire for
the government models of any new types
of rat destroyers in order to ascertain
whether there had been invented any
traps superior to those generally used
by the health service. Rat trap inventors
all over the country Immediately got
busy and he has been flooded with traps
ever since. Not satisfied with having for
warded to Washington models of their
traps number of inventors Travelled
hundreds of miles to the National Capital
to give personal demonstrations.
The response from rat trap inventors
was so generous that DR.. Blue soon had
in his office the greatest collection of ro-
misunderstanding devices ever seen. 1t was
in reality a national rat trap exposition,
and was so Interesting that the surgeon
general included 1t in the public health
service exhibit at the recent Fifteenth In
ternational Congress on Hygiene and De-
mogra ply held in Washington in order
that scientists from all over the world
might have the opportunity OF viewing H.
Many of the models We're practical. but
a large percentage of them failed to get
DR.. Blues mark of approval. One of the
most elaborate traps received was one
which DIR. Blue has named the Rata
pult," because of its unique construction.
The apparatus is SO arranged that when
an unsuspecting rodent attempts to enter
a cageike compartment to get at the
Evening star., 1912-11-03

then went away. Palliser. however, was
confident that the treasure existed, and
he got the earl to put up $4,000 to pur-
chase this yacht and equipment. They
had a full corps of men, including sal
lors and diggers. They came around
through the Strait of Magellan and made
the island all right. In looking for the
treasure, however. they used dynamite,
and in the explosion which followed the
earl and the admiral We're SO badly in
jured by rocks that, to make a long story
short, they went back to Panama with
nothing but disgust for their pains.
Another party started cut to look for
this treasure was headed by New
foundland woman, the widow of ship
chandler. She went over to the Pacific
and outfitted ship from Victoria. Her
captain was a man named Fred Hackett,
and she had with her a transfer from
Hartford of his permission from the Costa
Rican government to search for treasure
on Cocos, the understanding being that
the latter was to have half of the find.
When she came to Cocos the island was
inhabited by a castaway who was dressed
like Robinson Crusoe. He had nothing
Evening star., 1912-11-03

ployed. | am told that the shells found
are worth about much as the pearls
and that they are the sure part of the
profit. The divers may work for days
without finding pearl, but the shells al
ways SELL and it is on that account that
the business is profita ble. In talking with
one of the dealers here ! asked him
whether it was true that pearls could he
made by putting grain of sand inside an
oyster so that it irritated its flesh and
made 1t secrete the solution which com
poses the pearl. He replied that he had
no faith in the theory and that he had
found pearls of considerab BILE size in very
young oysters and that there was no rule
as to just where they We're. Said he:
"A pearl is like an onion 1t is made
of series of coats and you can grind
off the outside to find those within
intact As rule the pearls now found
are small and not of great value, al
though there is no telling when fine ones
may be discovered.
! am told that the Pearl Islands have
been ffshed for pearls for almost 800 years
and that pearl fishing is carried on all
along this coast from southern California
to Mexico. The black pearls of the Gulf
of Lower California have been exported
since the days of CorteZ, and more than
1,-vO ounces We're shipped to Spain in one
year. That was in 1715. About two years
ago diver found a pearl big as a
partridge egg, and it sent TO Paris.
where it sold for $500. That pearl was
of a light steel color but sreenish black
at the base
On the other side of the isthmus
pearls have been found off the coast of
South America. 1t Is said that Venezuela
is producing something like six hundred
thousand dollars worth every year. 1t is
that region which is called the Gulf of
Pearls and it was from near there on the
Island of Margerita that a pearl of 30
carats was taken in 1879. That pearl
Evening star., 1912-11-03

these thievine vermin and of the death
dealing diseases which they carry. The
chief object of his study. of rodent eX
termination. of course. has been for Inc
purpose of combating hubonic plague. for
the rat. worst MAMMALIAN pest known to
man. is directly responsible for this dread
disease of commerce.
Gubonic plague is primarily disease of
rodents, and secondarily and accidentally
a disease of man. Mans safety from the
disease lies in the exclusion of the rodent
and his parasites. If a man can live in
rodent-free surroundings he need have no
fear of plague. because if there be no ro-
dents there can be no rodent parasites,
and for all practical purposes the flea,
which is the chief rodent parasite, may
be considered as the common vector of
the disease from rodent to rodent and
from rodent to man The eradication of
plague, therefore, means the eradication
of rodents.
In combating the. various outbreaks
of bubonic plague throughout the coun-
try during the past fifteen years, DIR.
Blue has superintended the eXtermina
tior of millions of rats. During the hight
against the dread disease in San Fran
cisco in 1907. when he was in direct
charge of the campaign. not week
passed but that from $4,000 to 10000 rats
passed to the happy hunting ground of
during the months that campaign was
under way was the greatest in all mis-
tory.
Today in Porto Rico the fight against
the rat is being waged by a corps of ex-
perienced ''rodentologists," who served
Evening star., 1912-11-03
SITE or PORTO pt.ILo. A TREASURE clT, BU'

weighing 800 grains home to the queen.
Cortez found black pears which came
from the waters of Lower California
while Ferdinand De Soto is said to nave
robbed one of the Indian queens OF d
great string Of fine pearls.
There are pearl fisheries Just outslue
Panama bay and the diving is going on
now. | find pearls for sale here In funta
Arenas and the walters at the notel Ia
bles Will unite knots in their handker-
chiefs and ask you to buy them between
bites. Some of the pearls are only SEEDS,
but others are as big as pea In the
stores you will see little bottles of pearls
which can be bought by the lot for all
sorts of prices, but as rule the pearls
are either very small or not perfectly
round. / was told that one was taken
out few years ago which Weighed iiity
carats and | have heard Of another
which a twelve-year-old boy found in an
oyster and sold for $4.oG0. 1t was taken
to Panama and there sold to banker
and in time it reached Paris, where 1t was
valued at S1OG00. Not long ago some
tarium on Tahoga Island. and one of
them brought $1,000.
The most of the pearls, however. come
from the Pearl Islands, which lie on the
west side of Panama bay, about thirty
miles from the islands on which we are
now building the Notifications which COM
mand the western end of the Panama
canal. There are sixteen of these islands,
the most of them small. They are popu-
lated chiefly by the Indians. who are
gagged in pearl diving. The men use div
ing suits and they bring up the pearl
oysters in the shell. After the shells are
on board the boats they are opened and
the oysters are searched over for pearls,
the shell being cleaned and sold to make
buttons, knife handles and other such
things In which mother of pearl Is en-
Evening star., 1912-11-03

on but skins Of beasts, and he looked
crazy At first he could not speak. but
after they had given him some whisky
he told in broken language his story. He
said he and others had had con-
cession from Costa Riul to search for
this treasure. but that the others had
become disgusted and left. He could not
say how long he had been on the island.
At first ~he had kept tally of the days by
notching a stick, but he lost the stick
and he had about given up in despair
when the schooner arrived.
In the meantime other parties, including
some of our canal employees, have been
planning to excavate Cocos, but so far
no one has discovered either the buccaneer
hoard or the Madonna of gold. | am told
that concessions can be gotten from the
Costa Rican government if any one cares
to search.
There Is no doubt that there are great
treasures hidden on the islands and also
on the continental part of Central Amer
lea. On Mona Island $200,U0 worth of
silver is buried. This is not far from
Porto Rico.
I have myself seen here and at Panama