The Daily Missoulian., 1912-02-14
OF PESTS
IN ORCHARDS
N. l. DEAN OFFERS ADDITIONAL
N SUGGESTIONS TO ALL
FRulToRowERs.

4 In addition to the advice to or
chardists by State Horticulturist M. L.
Dean. published In yesterdays Mis-
soulian, Mr.. Dean offers the following
splendid suggestions for tho consid
Grafton Of the growers:
THE control Of the orchard pests IL
a part OF fruitgrowing that must be
considered by all growers who wish to
produce fruit Of high quality. The
blight, which attacks the pear and
apple trees. can only be eradicated by
destroying all cankers and diseased
wood. which necessitates careful
pruning. and the burning OF the wood.
With some susceptible varieties, II the
tree IL badly attacked, 1t should be
cut and burned.
insects are more easily controlled
A good spray pump and the proper
solution, applied at the proper time
In a thorough manner, Will control
any insect pest.
ciassss, Of Pssta
There are two destructive classes
OF pests, those that eat the foliage,
and those that live by sucking the
sap. such as the scale and aphides. or
plant lice. There are 400 different
species Of insects which attack the
apple, but fortunately only q few OF
them are to be found in Montana or
chArds. The increase OF some pests
Ia what makes their presence alarm
ing. II Is stated that the increase from
one female apple aphis in IL months
would amount to 10000, 1000 pounds,
which makes II unnecessary to state
AhA -
their first appearance in the spring
All plant lice are killed by contact,
hence. II sprayed with a strong tobacco
decoction (black leaf tobacco dip, one
part 70 40 OF water), as soon az they
hatch In the spring. they. are easily
controlled. The woody aphis should be
treated In the same manner when
ever found. Blister mite, oyster shell
and other scale insects, must be
treated while the trees are dormant.
II infested trees are thoroughly
sprayed before the buds swell with
lime sulphur Zone part to nine OF
water). these pests can be controlled.
but thoroughness measures the de-
gree OF success. The entire surface
must be covered. Back OF the buds.
and the upper surface OF the limbs are
often not covered. which leaves a new
brood to cause future trouble Apple
scab and other fungus diseases are
absolutely controlled IL properly
sprayed with the lime sulphur. Trees
having been sprayed for oyster shell
need only be sprayed at the time the
petals are falling. using at that time
one gallon to 90 or 80 OF water, but
II they were not sprayed while DOR
mant. they should be sprayed first
when the blossoms are in the pink
With lime sulphur, one part to 20 of
water. Conditions may require a later
spray In August. Two pounds OF
arsenate of lead may be added TO each
80 gallons IL the bud moth, codling
moth or any other eating pest is In
evidence. Many growers lost fruit
enough last year by Its being scabbed
or infected with scale to pay the
spraying bill for five years. Spray
material can be purchased at very
reasonable prices this year. and every
grower should obtain II at once SO az
to have II when needed. Spray pumps
are now one Of the orchard accessories
and every grower should own the best
he can afford. They are absolutely
indispensable to the man who expects
to grow clean fruit. The size OF the
orchard. and the age OF the trees, in
way decides the style of pump one
shuld buy. but a pump that Will not
carry two lines Of hose and maintain
200-pound pressure is not worth
considering. Good nozzles are also
necessary. In an orchard where the
trees are eight years or older the spray
outfit should have an elevated plat
form upon which one man can stand
80 as to spray the tops Of the trees
using a disc nozzle. The man on the
ground can use the bordeaux nozzle
This Is the only way that absolutely
thorough work can be done. and that
is what brings results
Thoroushnsss.
In conclusion thoroughness is the
one essential
"Prune the trees thoroughly.
Spray the trees thoroughly.
Cultivate the trees thoroughly.
Thin the fruit thoroughly.
"An growers should organize
Thoroughly"