The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1912-07-05


eetfuncs ouf nhitou Of four hun lfea
fhris minion people sianis on tho
Threshold of q ntW eva. Upon MS sug
rOsfion our new era shall b. codniei
vita che proclamation 81 the Chinese
Repuhlic Bui in orr external rels.
iions Wc shall use the calendar Of the
christian world. The most important
ieafure Of our efIoris will he devoted
to the awakening and sireul thenina Of
ouf nation economically aud spiritual
~, and IN this Ne will follow 20 A great
extent the example Of the Gnited
States and Europe The very frs, s,ep
Of our young republic viii be the
fundamental reform Of our national
and provincial governments and the
opening Of schools.
For almost thirty centuries she Chm
csc Government has been principally
equal (similar In principlol TO the
American. China was always a cOun-
try Of strong provincial and rather
weak central governments. Being
divided into nineteen provinces. each
Of them was presided over by Vice
ROY, with an annual allowance of forty.
FIVE thousand dollars Twice as murn
income made those fuuctionares from
brides and eNtortiOns. 4 Niceroy was
supreme within his jurisdiction, and
the power Of life and death was in
his hands. Next to him came she Gov
eernor, with an average salary of
twenty thousand dollars 4 year. An
important superior functiouarv after
these two was the Treasurer. who con.
trOlled the finances of the province, as
for instance, receiving the taxes and
paving salaries to the man,a rims.
Those three leading functiOnari were
appointed by the Emperor. The Judge.
the Salt Commissioner, anil the Grain
Collector were. next to them, the only
superior mandarins whose power cx.
tended over the whole province. the re
naming officials being charged with
the functions of the various divisions
into which the provinces were divided
The chief of the latter was the Taortai
or intendent of circuit. who had q
direct general superintendent over all
the affairs Of the circuit intrusted to
his charge. Theoretically this system
: was excellent; hut az a matter of fact,
IL Was corrupt to the core. In the first
3 place, the inferior mandarins were
wretchedlv undergrad: for their salaries
. varied from one thousand to one thou
sand two hundred dollars annually.
+ This money was barely sufficient to
support the staff which was necessary
; for them to maintain.
The provincial inferior offices. under
the last dynasty, were put up for sale.
The man who had the most money be-
came the official. But the Chinese law
ordained that every man who wished
TO obtain government employment must
quality himself for office by passing the
prescribed competitive examination.
There was never hereditary nobility in
( China Office supplied the only distin-
gushing rank in the empire.
/ One Of the chief tasks of our republi-
can government will be to reOrgapize
/ this most important part Of the Con-
stitntion, so that every superior func
tionary will be elected by the people.
Each of our nineteen provinces will col
I leet its own taxes, pay its own expen-
ses and support its own army and
navy. However. the provinces viii be
/ obliged to contribute a fixed sum an
puaIly to the expenses of the Federal
Government. Our electoral laws will
/ be more on the order of Australia in
| IHt IiIONlutth+ DhJ hOW lhtN VIII "
formulated for the federal offices, is
! hard to predict think we will have,
| like the United States, a Congress and
a Senate, members of both houses to
be elected by the people
Unfortunately the Whole education of
the Chinese youth has leen of the
Nine Classics The result was that,
from the CHILDHOOD on. these works
were the only Textbooks of our educat.
ed classes. Those classics we were
taught to regard rs the s1nrcme models
Of excellence. ANY deviation. either
from the opinions they contained or
the style in which they were written,
was looked as heretical. Thus the
mind Of our nation was dwarfed by ser
vile imitation and by the paltry liter
alisn Of the schools. This will be i'm.
mediately abolished, and our schools
will be founded on the system of the
United States, Germany and Scandina-
via. The education will be obligatory
and free for poor and rich. We will
employ at least one million teachers of
western civilization during the next
ten years.
The Chinese juridical law and Grim
inal code will be subjects of a thorough
reform, ana capital punishment will be
abolished. For capital punishment the
usual mode Of in1ieting the penalty of
law WIS cutting TO pieces or strangu.
latiOu. ~ the last case silken cord
was sent 10 the convicted IN prison. He
Was left 10 execute himself The ex'
psricnee has proven sufficiently that the
hest law II the lack Of laws--the law
that lives within ourselves. We will
particularly emphasize the moral edu.
cation ~ the nasses, without any parti'
eular religious dogmas, and this will be
left wholly ~ 10 our literature, art
and drama.
Chinese an and literature are fos
sllhed. According 90 our noyelisis
virtue 10 women and honor W men are
10 W. found only BY their heroes aud
bnr0ines. ~ epic poetry fhlness kn0H
nofhiuR, our literature shows no in
sianea ~ real dramatic poetry oui
pFOss dramas abound With short lyfif
pieces, which are introduced 20 break
100 m0nGi0ny ~ dialogue, Our plays
aFe irne 70 Ne, bat they have nf
Psychological Interest about them
IinTf b 90 dflinHHiiQA ~ character ~