davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-01
By Prof. Eric Doolittle of the Uni
versity of Pennsylvania.

HE most attractive part of the
heavens is undoubtedly that
in the early evening. Here
there has again appeared the
beautiful andainteresting group of stars
known as the Bull, the first of the train
of winter consultations. whose coming
tells us of the ending of another SUI
mer. The beautiful little PIeiades
whose appearance in the carly evening
beginning of a new year. have now ris-
en- nearly halfway TO the zenith while
below them the larger and brighter
group of the Hyades shines out high
up from the ground. The brightest
star of the Hyades is the red Aide
ba' or Follower, which represents
the eye OF the Bull. and at the present
time II happens that the even more
deeply red and BRIGHTER Mars is passing
above this star, that the two red
dish objects may be seen shining near
one another.
Higher in the sky and somewhat
farther toward the south than Mars
there is the wonderful ringed planet
saturn. while due south is seen the
reddish royal star, Fomalhaut the most
southerly bright star, which is visible.
from our northern ATTITUDES. The Milky
Way in it's slow turning now stretches
across the heavens from the southwest
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-01

pregnable fortress in the world is meant
But all this will be changed within the
next three years. by the time the
Panama canal is finished, for Uncle sam
intends to build not one, but two, Gibral-
tars one at each entrance to the canal
And he intends TO make his Gibraltars
even stronger and more impregnable. If
that be possible, than the English forti-
.ication.
The Pacific entrance to the canal will
be guarded by the biggest gun in the
world, the monster sixteen-inch rifle now
at Sandy Hook, n. ]. There are but two
other guns in the world as large as
Uncle Sans big gun. One is owned by
Italy and the other by France. But
neither of these guns compare with the
distance a shell will carry with the great
sixteen-inch rifle of the United states.
The American gun throws gisantlc
shell, as large as a man. weighing -,fov
pounds. filled with the most powerful ana
terrific explosives known, distance Oh
more than twenty miles
y
In addition to the giant gun. there will
be eight fourteen-inch rifles, which are
only second in power to the sixteen-inch:
twelve six-inch rifles and twenty-four
twelve-inch mortars, all of the greatest
size and power in the possession of the
United States. equally distributed be-
tween the two Gibraltars- The Pacific
end of the canal will be the stronger Of
the two, because of the location at that
point of four islands recently purchased
by the United States. FOR the purpose OF
making the Notifications there as strong
as Yankee energy and ingenuity can
make them.
The monster sxteen-inch gun was buih
about ten years ago. but it is still the
most powerful piece of ordnance ever
constructed. The firing distance is so
great that no attempt has ever been
made to Introduce d gun with longer
range or more destructive power 1t Is
even claimed by some of the greatest
authorities ordnance that the gun has
a range even beyond which its fire can
be directed or controlled. 1t is well known
that fourteen-inch guns, which are the
largest now used, either in coast de-
tense or on battleships. have an effective
fire beyond the limit of the ordinary
horizon. Their fire is now directed by
the use of powerful field glasses, and the
men behind the guns do not see the tar
gets at which they are firing.
BY new sysem of range-finders, TO be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-01
GIANT GUN orIPARED With LARGEST GUNS
USED Dur NG CIVIL WAR;

United States a number of Years ago.
The. Endicott board, which had the whole
subject of SeacoaSt defenseS under con-
sideration at that time. reached the con-
cluSlOn that eighteen of these guns
should be provided for the protection of
New York ten at San Francisco, eight
at Boston and four at Hampton roads,
but later it was found that such gigantic
weapons were not absolutely necessary
and that fOurteen-inch guns would
answer the purpose just as Well The
reason for the use of a gun with such
long range as the sixteen-inch rifle did
not obtain at that time. such an I'M
dertaking as the Panama canal was
hardly thought of, much less in actual
process of construction
The range and energy of the giant gun
vary with the quantity and amount of
powder used. With smokeess powder
1T requires a charge of 80 pounds. but
with the old black powder a charge of
LIS pounds is necessary With. a
powder pressure of :IsUl0 pounds to the
square inch, the gun will throw a proiec-
tile weighing 2,4G0 pounds more than
twenty miles a / the terrific speed of 2,nn
feet per. second. This speed and distance
rs much greater than that of either the
French or the Italian gun. For in
stance, the Italian gun throws Droiec-
tile weighing 1900 pounds hardly fifteen
miles, at speed of l, 100 feet per second
weighing 100 pounds about the same dis
tance at practically the same number of
feet per second.
X =
Undoubtedly the most Interesting
feature of the. gun is it's enormous range,
twenty miles. A firing table prepared
by Maj. Ingalls,. u. S. N. shows that
this range is obtainable with muzzie
velocity of 1900 feet per second, with the
necessary angle of elevation of the piece
The trajectory or curve of the shell
while going through the air shows that
in reaching this distance the shell would
reach the great height of more than 30
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-01

to the northeast. and is now just begin
ming its downward motion, so that it
no longer passes exactly overhead. Its
wonderful summer branch will, however,
remain with us throughout the month,
along which, from Aurga in the north
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-01

of the world there
has been but one
Gibraltar - I n e
Rock of Gibraltar
eternal guardian
of the entrance to
the Mediterranean
sea, now under
control OF Eng
land. When Glib
braltar is men
toned the strong
est and most i'm
=
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-01

BANANA Canal Forts
i Will Be Gibraltars of
the Atlantic and the Pacific
-Fortihcations to Be Strong
est in the World-Gigantic
Sixteen-inch Gun Will Guard
Pacific Entrance to Canal
Other Guns of the Greatest
Size and Power in Possession
of Uncle Sam-Sixteen-lnch
Gun Most Powerful Piece OF
Ordnance Ever Constructed
Throws Shell Twenty Miles
will Sink Greatest Dread
nought Ahoat-Explosion
Similar to Miniature Earth
ouake-Where the Gun Was
Made - Proposed Plans OF
Uncle Sam on the Isthmus.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-01

and Will necessitate slightly petticoats ar
an insertion of contrast,a ne fabric In ~,
"idtioh Oh Il fancy pettcoat While va
nc MOI reach an extreme new width in
s , ms faIl and extreme just now
means about three yards, the day of H.
very narrow skirt is almost dom, pan.l
nave not departed, but they have haer
nHiitcu 10 the side. One model recently
seen iian separate side panels attached II
tne hlSh waist line and fastened aho.tr
eighteen inches from the bottom of ~
SKIRT On the bottom was a braided do
sign IN haif-inch fat braid, finished with
ieel, shh fringe, which fell to the bottom
Oh the skirt. Collars, cuffs pocket-Ian-
reNers or bands on coats are usuaIlv
braided to match this band at the n, tt,,,,
N the skirt With fuller skirts there
would nave 10 eventually come a lower
waist Inc, a hiSh one being only conn
Portable with scanty skirts
Inc correct length of suit coats is TWEEN
weight to thirty inches While there
are number of coats with odd-shaped
seams arranged to give a slightly raised
effect at the waist the strictly tailored
coat IS also i'm high favor
Ihree-p!ece suits are fashionable For
me more dressy ones velvet, velours.
~-au de souris, wool velour silk serge
I'd chiffon broadcloth are largely used
**
Strictly tailored suits are usually trim
med with braid or machine stitching. The
demi-ta iiored suits and dressy models OF
Velveteen, broadcioth. serge and fancy
worsteds have broad, fat Collars of con-
trasting cloth or velvet, the large pointed
revers often being made of sui different
material and trimmed with braid but
tons, chenille and han fringe. The use
OF fringe is most noticeable as il is not
only applied to the bottom edge of the
revers. but in some cases finishes the
nat collar and follows the bottom edge of
the cCat
one method of applying the ball fringe
as coat finish is by combining the
fringe with flat silk braid, this being sew
ed IN manner which allows the braid
TO fall below the coat edge. Trimming
in one-sided effects is much seen; for
example. one large rever on the right-side
front, with tailored strap button-trin-
med as finish for the other side. Fiat
velvet or broadcloth collars extend across
the back Of these models. Some Of the
latest suits have wool embroidery applied
on the skirts well as or the coats.
The broad velvet collars have elaborate
wool embroidery, which nearly covers the
velvet this elaboration also being intro
dUced on the revers and cuffs in more
simple designs, representing braided pat.
terms.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-01

This sixteen-inch gun was the first of
a series of similar gigantic weapons pro-
posed for the seacoast defenSes of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-01

Mars now shines out we'll up in the
east in the beautiful constellation of the
Bull, just at the northern limit of the
group of stars known as the Hyades.
Each evening the planet is coming into
better position for observation, its dis
lance from the earth decreasing from
81, Co., 900 to $4,000, Geo of miles during
the month and its apparent size increas-
ing more than one-fourth. With its
definite markings and its polar caps, it is
a most interesting object in moderately
large telescope.
The planet Saturn. which is now high
I'D in the eastern heavens. is an even
more interesting object for observation
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-01

During the eclipse OF last April Is the
shadow of the moon swept over this same
region of the earth from Australia almost
to Central America. This was total
eclipse, of which. when the sun was en-
tirely hidden. some very fine photo
graphs were obtained by an expedition
sent for that purpose to the Tonga
Islands.
Venus which shone so brilliantly in
the west throughout the summer and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-01

present, however. the balance of evidence
seems to lie in favcr af the shorter time
of rotation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-01

W eastward until January 16, after which
date it will move slowly toward the
east. Not until April 13 will it reacn
the point in Aries which it occupies
now.
The present year has been nearly a
barren one so far as eclipses are con-
cerned for there occur but two, which
is the least number possible in any
one year, and neither of these is well
visible from the United States, except
in the extreme western part Both of
these are ecli~ses of the sun: the first
occurred April %, and the second will
occur October 81 Next year we will
be more favored, for during 1912 there
wiz he no less than four eclipses, two
of the sun and two of the moon, three
of which will be visible throughout a
part of the United States
The eclipse of this month is what is
known as an annular ring eclipse be-
cause at this time the moon is far
away from the earth that its disk APP
pears smaller to US than the disk of the
sun does: therefore. although it may be
seen to pass exactly between us and the
sun, the latter will not be wholly hidden.
Persons suitably situated on the earth
VIII see the round. black ball of the moon
move entirely onto the suns brilliant
disk, but as the circle of the moon will
seem very slightly smaller than that OF
the sun, a very bright rim of the latter
will not Ire covered. The sight Of so
wonderfully brilliant-a little ring shining
out in the sky is most striking one.
bat an annular eclipse does not possess
nearly the scientific Importance of total
eclipse in which the light of the sun is
entirely hidden.
The eastern edge of the moon will be
first seen TO touch the edge Of the sun
at nineteen minutes thirty seconds after
s o'clock i'm the evenin OF October II
AT this time the sun Will have long since
set to observers in the eastern part or the
United States and. in fact, the eclipse
will be wholly invisible TO all dWeEers in
America. The persons on the world VINO
will be the first to see the eclipse begin
will be those living short distance to
the west of the point "A, figure }. All these
within the strip Alb viii see the moon
move entirely onto the face of the sun,
while to those within the region MFRS
the sun will be only partly hidden. The
eclipse viii end at six minutes forty-two
seconds after > O'Clock the morning Of
October - the very last trace OF it
being seen from 4 point about 500 miles
northeast from Australia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-01

THE Motions of Mars and
1 Saturn-Ring Eclipse of
the Sun October 2I-22-Not
Visible in the Eastern States
Brooks Comet Quite Visi-
ble-The October Planets.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-01

The skirt with siashes at the side at
the foot Is seen among thehigh novelties.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-01

.cpnvrirht 1911. BY William L. Altdorfer)
80 n oil history
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-01
The GREAT iC INCH RIFLE
LARGEST Gun In The
WORLD.

continued. To the first purchase of land
in 1913 the mits were extended by other
purchases in later years. so that the
reservation now embraces about los acres
of improved land.
The arsenal is located about six miles
above Albany, y. Y, within the limits
OF what is now known the city OF
Watervliet, on the west bank of the
Hudson river The name was changed
from West Troy to Watervliet by an act
of the state legislature in 1896
Prelim nary TO terrifying the canal, the
Islands of Naos, Flamenco. Culebra and
Perico, in the Pacific ocean. near the
western end of the Panama canal. were
recently acquired by this government.
The United States virtually owned half
of the islands already. as half interest
was the property of the Panama railroad.
all the stock of which is owned by Uncle
Sam The other half was purchased from
the Pacific Mail Steamship Company,
which formerly used the islands as "A
land ng station. using tugs and lighters
TO transfer passengers and freight to
Biiboa, which has been accessible to
oceangoing vessels for the past five
years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-01

Inc purchase was made ostensibiy for
the purpose of using the islands, by a
series OF connecting embankments to
FORM great breakwater for the Pacific
END OF the big ditch" The embankment
from the mainland to Naos. begun three
years ago, is nearly ready But for tbese
enbankments, ii is asserted. the canal
outlet would be menaced with great dan
ger in case of storms. due to the baax.,,
currents off shore. Canal engineers ais,
ca m that these currents would have bad
tne TURNER drawback OF ii ling in the
canal mouth with the sediment ,hav ca,r,,
In large quantities. But on eood a,,,tN.s.s
thefe IS iltue doubt the islands VIII serve
as the site for forts to protect tho canal
IN line with the policy of the govern
merit 10 make the fort fications a. pana
ma second 10 none IN the world and Ia
nave sufficient number of mon az, a.,
isthmus 10 repel any invasion either Nv
idhu or sea, orders already have haan
ISSUED for the mobilization az :, ,n,Ii,a,,-
force on the isthmus The entire Intb -
fantry. consisting of nearly a tbous.,,t
men, commanded by Col Henrr
Greehe, was recently ordered from San
Antonio, Tex, to the Canal Zona a. a.
permanent station. They VII be station
ed near the Pacific entrance of the water
way, where a number of BUILDINGS for-
merry used by the canal commission hava
been MADE avail bic as quarters for ,t,-,
soldiers. The government exnectS - 80
the Panama garrison and construct tin,
canal Notifications as quickly as nossibia
In order that everything relating TO the
military may be working m rerfact har
mony before the canal is oDenad "a r.
commerce OF the world. Ultimately 4, is
planned to establish "A brigade on tho
lamar zone The regiment already SEM
there VIII be augmented as fast as tba
canal commission can reIinouisb addi
uonal build ngs which NAV be converted
INTO quarters Tor the use of the soldiers
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-01

Another interesting illustration is that
of taking the combined height o. Fixes
peak, in Colorado, and of Mont Blanc,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-05-15
MARENGO SCHOOL
 CLOSES MAY 28

Thomaston. May 14.-(Special)-The commencement exercises of the Marengo County High school will be held in the High school auditorium May 2S-31. Rev Lewis Fletcher Paris of Bessemer will preach the commencement sermon on Sunday, May 2S. On Monday morning the annual contest between the Helian and Calliopean societies will take place. The Helian society won the prize last year.
 At night will take place the school play, The Four Innocents.' in the cast Of which are 13 girls and no boys. On Tues day night the music department, under Miss Jamie May Eppes, will give its an- nual recital. On Wednesday night will occur the graduating exercises. This is the first year that the High school has had any graduates and great preparations are being made for this event. After a song by the chorus class the invocation will be offered by Rev. c. M. Cloud, pas tor of the Baptist church here. Then will follow Latin salutatory by Claiborne C.. Myers, a member of the graduating class, whose home is at Barlow Bend, and the valedictory by Miss Irene Clancy of this place The address will be given by Charles Prescott Atkinson, Ph. D., D. D., professor of philosophy at the Southern university at Greensboro. Following this will be the awarding of certificates and diplomas by Principal Harold Dempster Cullen.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-05-15
MINER SHOT FROM AMBUSH AND KILLED

Coroner Brasher received a message from Coal Creek yesterday morning stat ing that John w. Elliott, a miner em- ployed at that place, had been shot from ambush and instantly killed Saturday night at o'clock. He immediately left for Coal Creek and investigated.
 Coroner Brasher found that Elliott had been fired upon when he was about 300 yards from his home The weapon used was able to determine three shells had been fired into Elliott's body at close range. His body was riddled. although the shells were filled with small shot. Death was almost instantaneous.
 Coroner Brasher stated last night thar there was very little known of the cir cumstances of the killing. So far as is known Elicit had no enemies at Coal Creek Elliott was about 35 years old and was unmarried.
 "The only possible clew that | unearthed was the fact that a case of murder against Elliott was nolle pressed last week." said Coroner Brasher last night. About three years ago Elliott killed a man by the name of Huler. Elliott was killed Saturday night. To my mind these facts are significant
 Two men were seen near Coal Creek Saturday afternoon by several people. The two were strangers ard were acting suspiciously. They were seen later in the afternoon near the place where Elliott was killed. I believe that these two killed him.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-05-15
KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS WILL
 ASSEMBLE HERE THIS WEEK
ALABAMA GRAND LODGE WILL BE IN SESSION WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY-ARRANGE- MENTS ABOUT COMPLETED

Arrangements for the entertainment of the grand lodge Knights Of Pythias of the Alabama division meeting here Wednesday and Thursday have prac- tically all been completed by the com mittee representing the several local lodges of the fraternal order.
 At least four or five hundred mem bers of the fraternity are expected to be in attendance at the convention. They will be welcomed to the city by Com missioner A. o. Lane and others at the first session Wednesday morning with the opening formalities The meet ings of the order will be held at the Ohpheum theatre.
 Several of the officers of the order will arrive in Birmingham tomorrow night in advance of the main stream If visitors to complete the final details ot the convention. Among those arriving early will be Grand Chancellor Frank w. Lull of Wetumpka, Grand Keeper of Records and Seal J. M. Dannelly of Montgomery and others.
 Of the various matters coming before the meeting for the consideration of the members will be the building of a Pythian temple In Montgomery, the site for which has already been se- lected and secured pending the election of officers for the ensuing year. Anoth- CT matter of interest will be the cleo tion of the various grand representa- tives.
 On Wednesday, when there Is a full representation here from the division in Montgomery, Oxford, Florence and Mo bile the members will be occupied with effecting a uniform rank of the Knights of Pythias, and when this shall have
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-05-15
B VETERANS ARE
 GIVEN FREE TRIP A Whirlwind Finish Made
 Last Night OFF FOR THE REUNION Total Amount Raised Was Nearly S600-Each Veterans Given
 Comfortable Berth in
 Sleeping Car
OFF FOR THE REUNION

After a garrison finish 59 needy vet erans were put In their Pullman sleep- CTS last night and are now on their way to the Little Rock reunion.
 The committee of which c. M. Cook was chairman worked hard to secure as large an amount as possible to send all the veterans who needed aid and yesterday morning when the committee met at 2161s North Twenty first street it was found there was exactly S53e 90 on hand. just enough to send B men. There were 59 applicants and then be- gan on Sunday the strenuous campaign for enough money to send the other six. The funds were contributed readily from numerous sources, but even after go- ing to the station last night it was found that there were still two un provided for.
 s. J. Erkert had gone to the station to help his father-in-law off who is a Confederate veteran and he got inter ested in the plight in which the com .mittee found itself. Everybody went to work and a collection was taken up around the station.
 The result was that just before the train pulled out the entire 59 were hustled into their berths and now off for good time.
 The total fund raised was nearly $500. C. M. Cook, the chairman of the com mittee, had s492 of this amount on his list yesterday morning.
 He and those who assisted him were showered with thanks for their efforts. Each veteran was not only provided with a ticket but was given a sleeper ticket through to Little Rock. so that all will go comfortably.
 MT Cook made the trip to Little Rock at his own expense and he will accom- pany the Birmingham party all the way and look after their wants
 Considering the handicaps under which the committee worked the campaign ending yesterday Is considered unusual ly remarkable. At any rate, 59 men were made happy.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-05-15
Good Sunday School Work

Bay Minette. May 14.-( Special. "A record which is attracting outside at tention has been made by the Burgett Memorial church Sunday school of this place. Superintendent J. P. Min has received card froin the Rev. E. A. Smith, who Is state clerk of the pres bytery, commenting the excellent at- tendance in the Sunday school in the fol- lowing manner: Allow me to congratu- late you on yerr splendid financial re- port. Your average ger member is the best I have ever seen in any church in the presbytery. Your Sunday school at tendance, too, is grand church that can show as many Sunday school pupils as it has members Is considered doing well, but your report shows exactly thrice as many in your Sunday school as you have communicants. Keep up the good work