The Cairo bulletin., 1911-05-19
BOUNDARY MARKS
Llmitsla Fiery Orator Once Gave
- Ahe United States.
THE CANADIAN LINE FENCE,

J..
Monuments That Cleave the TIVE
CountriessWest From the Lake Of tbs
Woods in State anc
County Boundaries.
The fates Of empires and of dynas'
ties have been involved In the struggle
for boundaries. The Pigment that the
Rhine was the natural frontier OF
France ended In the downfall offthe
Bonapartes and the exaltation Of the
Hohenzollerns, thus rearing the neo-
German empire upon, the ruins ofjthe
upstart French empire.
In our own country the cry Of Eff
ty-four-forty or fightv held a threat
Of the mighty conflict that eventually
proved irrepressible. And in our own
day the dispute over the Venezuelan
boundary nearly precipitated a war
between the two greatest, nations OF
the earth.
1t was startling figure Of speech,
that of the western oratortwho, mount
ing higher and higher to climax of
buncombe, described the United States
as bounded on the east by the Atlantic
ocean, on the north by the aurora bo-
reals, on the west by the setting sun
and on the south by the gates Of hell.
still, it was only figure of speech.
Canada lies between,us and the boreal
aurora. The Latin American states
to the south hardly deserve the infer
nal comparison. AS to the oceans to
the east and thetwest Of us, they may
be left to themselves. Not mine the
task of determining what the wild
waves are saying.
The Canadian boundary presents its
idiosyncrasies and eccentricities. The
eastern part Of 1t follows naturally
and spontaneously the regular water
line formed by the great lakes and
their outlets. Thence from the Lake
of the Woods on the north Of Mime
sofa more direct course, man made
and mechanical, Is taken through the
wilderness and,over the mountains of
the west to the Pacific coast. Nor has
this course been, suffered to remain 4
mere imaginary line. Man, having
made 1t, has marked 1t well. Between
the Lake. of the Woods and the Red
river cast iron pillars have been
placed one mile apart alternately by
the English and the American govern
ments. These are hollow castings in
pyramidal form eight feet high, with
a base eight inches square, an octa-
gon fiange one inch thick and top
four inches square surmounted by q
solid cap.
Into these hollow posts are fitted
well seasoned cedar joists, with spikes
driven through holes made in the cast
ing. The pillars are firmly imbedded
In the ground. Inscriptions in raised
letters face north and south. The
north side reads, Convention Of Lon
dom" the other, October 20, 1878"
Beyond the Red river the boundary
line is generally denoted by earth
mounds and stone cairns by 8 feet,
though these are occasionally diversi-
fed by wooden posts of the same
height as the iron pillars and painted
red above ground. Through forests
clearings have been made.a rod wide.
Where bodies of water are crossed
monuments of stone rise several feet
above high tide. Over the mountains
shafts Of granite supersede the pillars
mounds and cairns.
There are eccentricities In state
lines as well as In those which limit
the confines of the United States
Thus the line that separates Delaware
from Pennsylvania (Newcastle and
Chester counties respectively sudden
ly curves upward and forms semi
circle just above the ancient .town OF
Newcastle.
The explanation may be found II
history. at the time Delaware was
set out there were few points of lati
tude and longitude definitely estab
ished in the colonies, so that bound
aries were generally expressed not b!
latitude and longitude, but by refer
ence to some known location. In tn,
deed by which Delaware was trans
ferred there was ceded all the land 70
twelve miles round Newcastle, togeth
er with certain other areas. III estab
fishing the boundaries Of the presen
state Of Delaware this description wa
taken literally, and part Of circle
with the center at Newcastle, was SUI
veyed upon twelve mile radius.
No other state has an arc in It
boundary line. but many Of the cour
ties Of Kentucky and Tennessee d.
Warren county, Tenn, is almost a con
plete circle. In many instances cour
(. ties formerly circular have been e,
banded into irregular polygons.-Wi
liam s. Walsh in New York Tribune.
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Tho Dininutivs.