davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1911-01-22

Interior do not exercise other than the
most casual supervision over it's opera
tons. Even appeals from the decisions
Of the commissioner in patent cases are
no longer carried to the department head:
they 30. instead. to the courts.
The proposition of the present commits
sioner., Mr.. Moore. to have Congress
dedicate the site facing the east front
OF the Capitol. south Of the Library Of
should claim the attention Of every one
who II interested in the nations de-
velopment.
The American patent system was found
Cd BY the act Of April 10. 1870, the bill
being inspired and urged by Thomas JEFF
ferson. then Secretary of State. who,
during his residence abroad. had seen
the encouragement and protection ex-
tended by other countries to inventive
skill and industry. and the exclusive
privileges that were granted to the pro-
ducing OF things new and useful in art.
science. literature, and mechanics.
The Original Patent Law.
Tho original patent law limited tho life
Of . patent to fourteen years, and there
was no provision made for an extension.
At the time. however. that the life of q
patent was extended to seventeen years.
. special act was passed giving the COM
missioner authority. under certain condi-
lions. to extend a patent granted
prior to the ID day Of March. 1851: that
power subsequently, expired by limita-
ton In 1875. SO that now it requires q
special act of Congress to extend a
patent beyond the seventeen-year period.
and in the last thirty-five years, but
four have been thus extended.
The original patent law required that
"a written specification be fled with the
Secretary Of State. containing a descrip-
ton Of the article desired to be patented,
accompanied with Graft or model and ex-
PLANTATION and models.''
For twelve years, from 1870 to 1850. the
entire work Of the Patent Once was per-
formed by q single clerk in the State
Department, and all the records did not
NIL over . dozen pigeon holes. In 1sos DR..
Thornton. a gentleman of scientific at
tainments was appointed by Mr.. Jeffer-
son as Superintendent Of the Patent
ONCE. q position which he held for twen-
ty-six years, which Is q longer term than
held by any subsequent head of the
Patent Once. His portrait. painted by
Gilbert Stuart, now hangs over the COM
missioner's desk in the Patent ONCE.
The Washington herald., 1911-01-22

it is proposed that funds necessary shall
be appropriated.
The work of tina bureau 10 At present
up to date. and the inventors now receive
prompt action upon cases filed.
Tn. appeal work of the various judicial
tribunals within the Patent ONCE 10
especially heavy. So far as the Patent
ONCE is concerned. the court Of last re-
sort in the cases which are argued for
appeal is the Commissioner Of Patents.
from whose decisions appeal lie to the
Court of Appeals of the District Of Co
lumbia, with the result that half Of the
business of that court is taken up IN con-
sidering and deciding appeals from tho
Commissioner Of Patents.
Having overcome many OF the pressing
internal needs of the Patent once. SO far
as Congress would go at that time, IN
view Of the deficit in the revenues OF the
country, Commissioner Moore next turned
his attention to the laws of foreign coun-
tries which appeared to interfere with
the interests of American inventors. Fa-
vorable. treaty relations have been en-
tered into through the efforts of the State
Department. Mr.. Moore was sent abroad
to discuss with officials Of the foreign
nations in some eight or ten European
capitals.
The result Is that American cfti1ens
who hold foreign patents are not now
obliged to manufacture the invention In
several of those foreign countries, As we'll
as in the United States. or have their
patents forfeited for nonworkinE That
requirement in the foreign laws was al
most prohibitive. for very few concerns
in the United States could maintain
manufacturing plants both m the United
States and also in various foreign coun-
tries. The capital thus invested would
be enormous. Much relief has been AZ
forded manufacturers in this regard dur
ing the past three years.
Commissioner Moore also was sent to
the Pan-American Congress at Buenos
Ayres. held in July. 1870 and has been
successful in causing that congress to
adopt three conventions, covering trade
marks. patents. and copyrights. These.
when ratified by the respective Latin
American countries, will do much to bring
about new conditions surrounding these
subjects in the near future.
All Nations to BE Represented.
The worlds congress, which convenes
in Washington May Is next. will discuss
the patent and trademark laws as work
ed under the provisions Of the Treaty
The Washington herald., 1911-01-22

world is interested. Would you destroy
it? If so. fire away and let the charge
pass through my body
Brilliant Page in Our History.
The years of growth of the Patent
ONCE during the period that followed is
brilliant page in the history of Amer:-
can achievement. Slowly, but surely the
inventions of Americans were perfected.
given the protection of the United States
letters patent and sent upon their mis-
sions OF civilization and enlightenment.
1t is not generally known that at two
periods Of its existence the Patent ONCE
received serious setbacks. In 1886, hardly
had the reorganization of the office been
effected and the force of eight persons.
which was considered extravagant by
some. managed To get into thorough
working order. when the Post-office
Building, in which il was quartered. was
destroyed by fire. The model room was
wreck. and the numerous specimens Of
ingenious construction illustrating the most
valuable principles of mechanics were a
mass of debris. A few of the most valu-
able models and drawings could not be
duplicated at any cost. but nearly all
that were of Importance war. restored.
The great fire of 1877, which destroyed
many of the records. is still fresh in the
minds of some of the ''old-time' resi-
dents of the Capital. The fire originated
III the model room. where about 1000
rejected models were stored. and IT made
such rapid progress that at one time IL
seemed as II the firemen would be unable
to get the flames under control, and that
the entire building would be consumed.
After three hours hard fighting. however.
it became evident that only tho upper
story of the western and portion of the
northern wings would be lost Fortu-
nately the fire broke out in the day time.
when the entire force of employees was at
work. so that each could contribute his
share to the preservation of the valuable
records.
The Washington herald., 1911-01-22

resulted in a grand total OF surplus of
s7.0Oocoo. This has all been paid by the
inventors of the country. Not one dollar
for the support of the Patent once comes
out of the general tax revenues of the
country.
Another embarrassing problem to be
overcome was that of more room. The
pr .sent commissioner has been given
about thirty-five additional rooms in the
Patent ONCE building by Secretary Bal
linger who has fully realized the needs
of this branch of his department. The
Secretary even offered to vacate that
portion of the Patent Office building &C.
cupied by the immediate force OF the Sec
rotary of the Interior. but the commits
sioner assured him that this sacrifice
would not be necessary.
With better salaries paid the examining
corps. a larger force, and more room
among the things accomplished by Mr..
Moore the Patent Office to-day is in
every way better off than ever in its
history.
Mr. Moore. however. has not given up
the fight for a new and more -orlmodious
building in which to transact the con-
stantly growing business Of the Patent
Office. The additional room gained in
the present building has only sufficed
for the time. but considering the rate at
which the records of the Office are grow
ing and developing. it will only be short
time before the present quarters will be
found cramped and inadequate.
The inventors and manufacturers Of the
country have been quick to See the neces-
sity for expansion IN the part of the
Office and have favorably viewed the
proposition to erect a new and modern
United States Patent Office, to be paid
for wholly out of the net surplus now
in the Treasury, and which has been
paid in entirely by the inventors of the
nation. This building would not cost the
government one cent, as the Patent
Office has earned the money out Of which
The Washington herald., 1911-01-22
RECONSTRUCTED GEMS.

The chapter on the counterfeiting OF
precious stones 10 eloquent Of the in
senuity and skill that can sometimes
b expended for the purpose of fraud.
runs . paragraph in . book on precious
stones. Every gem for which there II
considerable demand has been imi-
tated. containing. In many cases, the
same component parts as the natural
STONES. and having the same hardness.
specinc gravity. and refractivepess.
The trepch chemists Frenzy and Yer
neutl have succeeded In manufacturing
true ruhtes and sapphires by artificial
pFooespa& When RECONSTRUCTED" Fubtes
we're o6sred 70 the jswelry trade, msr.
chants stood aghast; to-day they are
complaeestiy handling the stones IN .
continually incfeesinS market for ne
dium.Grade 5ewelry.
u weuld b 81 intsrsstins iDauiry into
fAteArhealtng to know what happens
Ohoa 0ueh seoaes aro usea for charms.
Iee tvhy b IN amulet aealnst plaSue,
polnoo. n1Deas, and sensuality: the sap.
na1Fe. & p)aeed on tn heart, imparts
serongtA aud energy. Perhaps Dr.. a.
1Agn3oroa who he's nA6e serieua study
g the Uo1je3asl pso9srtiW an tnauancos
- peoc3ooo 0ooDa might know pDnskhlna
e Tie oeoqlt DeWsrs 81 rscenstsuctsd.
The Washington herald., 1911-01-22
Nv CHARLOTTE M. CONGER.

There is much talk among us Of self
made men, much boasting among the
self-made men at the wonders they per-
formed in making themselves. Men have
been successful. however, who did not
carve out their own fortunes. but were
started out with an excellent equipment
of money and education. This will be a
dificult truth for the ordinary person to
accept, for there have been SO many
seIf-made men to the fore in this coun-
try, and so many to-day, and we have
listened to so much sentimental twaddie
about their early lives and late successes
that it is a positive relief to chance upon
men in public affairs who are not SELF
made" but owe their birth. their ambi-
ton, their start in life to gentle and
well-to-do. often wealthy. parents.
The first name in the Congressional
directory is that Of Vice President Sher-
man. The short biography that is given
me ntions his father, Richard U. Sher-
man. with pride. and tells that he was
an editor and "also prominent in public
life" Sherman, father, sent Sherman
son, to Hamilton College. and after he
had taken his degree Sherman father,
sent his son to a law school ana gave
him his paternal protection until the son
Shingle.
Below the Vice President on the floor OF
the Senate there sits Henry Algernon
Du Point. OF Delaware, who can BOAST
of no hardships suffered in his youth.
nor since, either. for he Is one or the
richest men In the 'millionaires club
His great-grandfather. Pierre Samuel Du
Point de Nemours. political economist and
financier, was q friend and follower OF
Queanay A prolific writer on his pet sub
jects. he edited a journal called the
Ephemerides du Citoyen. which was sup
pressed by the French government. Upon
its suppression. Du Pont was offered and
accepted a post at the court of King
Stanislas Augustus of Poland, where ne
remained until Turgot became comptroller
general Of France, when he was recalled
to assist in the reform measures set on
foot by that minister.
Senator Ds Points Ancestor.
Upon the downfall and dissrace Of Tur-
got. Senator Du Points ancestor again
was banished from Paris. whereupon he
devoted himself to literature and asri-
culture, until he was recalled to public
life by Count de Vergennes- He nefoti-
ated with the English envoy. DR.. James
Hutton, the treaty Of l7se, recognising the
| independence OF the United States. and
later the commercial treaty Of l7B with
Great Britain. This service secured for
him the posts Of councillor o( state and
inspector general OF agriculture and CON-
merce. and, In f7s7. he waa secretary Of
the assembly Of notsbles. when he inxti'
gated and drew UP the famous memorial
upon the abuses which Calonne laid b.
fore II. During his whole career ID
France. Mr.. On pont vas . onnstaat end
seslous aavocAte Of copstitut1nnal men
srchy and ~ opDossr Of the sxtxems rev
olptionists.
His efforts 10 check the sxeeases 81 TN
revolu6onists tpdsed narked him tx r.
"a q the tinns the King. whom - Nal
helping - peotact. vs. ap1gshedAad had
The Washington herald., 1911-01-22
LORD JUSTICE
COLLINS DEAD

Lord Collins, whose death occurred re-
Gently in England. has not long survived
his retirement as a lord Of Appeal in Or
binary, a position he resigned last Oc-
tober.
The late Judge was an Irishman, and
was born in 1872. Educated at Trinity
College. Dublin. and at Cambridge, he
was called to the bar in 1867. Both as
junior and as Queens counsel Che took
silk in 1889 he enjoyed a large practice.
Among the more famous cases in which
he appeared was the Clitheroe abduction
case, in which he was leading counsel
for Mr.. jackson in the Court Of Appeal
The last great lawsuit in which ne was
ENGAGED before his elevation to the bench
was the historic one of Sharp VS.. Wake
field, the licensing appeal in which 1t was
decided that justices had absolute discre-
ton to grant or refuse the renewal Of 4
license.
In the same year, 1891. Lord Collins sue
ceeded Mr.. Justice Stephen. on the lat
ter's retirement from the bench, and his
appointment gave universal satisfaction,
for he had long been regarded a. one OF
the soundest lawyers at the bar. Three
years later, in succession to Mr.. Justice
Wills, he became president Of the rail-
Collins served a. Arbitrator on the Venez-
ueian boundary commission In the Unit
ed States. and In the same year became
a lord Of appeal
He was then Lord Justice Collins, but
when in 1901 he was appointed master OF
the rolls and became again "Sir Rich
ard" A clerical friend at the time dar-
inkly suggested that his position should
be indicated by the phrase my lord and
master"
A curious fact about his appointment
a. master Of the rolls was that the hrst
news he had Of It was contained in the
morning paper. He thought the an
nouneement premature. but . day or two
later he received . demand for certain
heavy fees on his promotion.
In this poeition he rendered great
public service by psesiding over the In
Quiry into the Beck caRe. the report Of
which had ut least . quiokening influ-
snce In the constitution Of Court Of
Criminal Appeal Lord Collins was made
q lord Of appeal In 11m. when he wss Gre
StoA Q life peeg, ana served IN this Co.
pacity until fsw months ago.
A Q Judge Lor6 Collins was very cour'
tsous, but able and strong. Al the bar h
vas Recognised huncrist and aftsf,
Atnnsr speaker, but % The bench 10 va
the rssrsss'es 4 Sssas IL msst psriss'
yteneh ochsaar among the jude14
The Washington herald., 1911-01-22

he not escaped from the city and found
refuge at the observatory with the astron-
omer Lelande, where he remained in con-
cealJnent for several weeks. He was
finally. however, arrested and confined IN
La Force, whence he would have gone to
the guillotine had not the death OF Robes
pierre saved his life and brought about
his release. His return to liberty was
celebrated by a renewal of his fight
against the Jacobins. and he set about
organizing the revolt of the sections which
proved so unsuccessful. But nothing de-
TERED him. nothing discouraged him. and
he tried for and was elected to the Coun-
Gil of Ancients from Loiret. The Jacob
.ins dispersed the assembly. demolished
the house Of the councils president. de-
stroyed his property. and threatened to
deport him to Cayenne. Mr.. du Pont
did not wait to be deported. but took pas
sage for America, where he determined.
as did SO many Of the royalists at that
time. to seek an asylum for himself and
his family in the United States.
Father of the Delaware Statesman.
The son Of this interesting man was
Eleuthere Irenee Du Pont de Nemowa.
and it is his son. Henry d. Du Point, who
was the father Of tho Delaware Senator.
Henry Du Ports brother, Samuel Francis
attained distinction in the American navy.
and his statue stands in the circle named
for him. which Is within a stones throw
of the Senator's beautiful house.
Nor il Senator Du Points colleague from
Delaware. Harry A. Richardson. a self
made man. His father was a wealthy
Gamer and packer Of Dover, and though
the son, when he associated himself with
the business. began with the lowest posi-
ton in the establishment and worked up
to the managers place, 1t was through
choice and q taste for business rather
than necessity. for his father offered to
prepare him for any profession that he
might select. The same qualities, how
ever that had made his father 50 success
full in the business world prompted the
son to follow q commercial career, and
the great wealth and eminent success he
has attained prove that he chose wisely.
Henry Sherman Boutell, of Chicago. was
born with a golden spoon in his mouth.
His father was Lewis Henry Boutell. q
successful lawyer, q man Of means, ana
the biographer Of Roger Sherman. from
whom he was descended. An extract
from the funeral sermon delivered over
Roesr Sherman by Jonathan Edwards.
reprinted in . quaint biographical diction-
sry published in Cambridge In 1Soe, is 30
characteristic Of that worthy that ven
tnre to copy 1t. He was not favored" It
says, with . public education nor did he
enjoy the assistance Of . private tutor,
but his genius and indefatigahle industry
enabled him to surmount difnculties and
to make great acquisitions" Then 1t goes
on to tell. what every student Of history
knows. that he vas . sigper Of the pecla-
ratien Of Independenee and pnsnber OF
the Senate from IN until his death two
years later.
ueaYy CaAet LeA9e.
Henry Cabot I1edee ceuasa Of - distia-
guished family - any man In CONGRESS.
HIS enesstses On beth stdes wess promi-
nsnt On the pelitical stass q Nassachu-
aetts beth IN eelenisl days sn6 After the
b.stA q ~ yepsllse ~ hsm ~ eaesp.
The Washington herald., 1911-01-22
GENERAL SHERMAN
ON CATCHING COLD

People with the fad for outdoor living
! could back up their theories with testi-
mony from an unexpected quarter il they
| would consult the Home Letters Of Gen.
Sherman"
These letters were not written for pub
lie perusal or with any thought that they
would afterward be made public. On
page $50 one finds parts Of letters written
In the Field: Goldboro, N. c.. April 1SGo:
Il have been trying to get some pay to
send you. for l suppose you are Short
but the paymasters cannot catch up, and
in few days I will be OF again. I
have pay due since January 1 and yet
was unable the other day to buy a pair
Of shoes which I need. I have those big
boots you sent me from Cincinnati, but
the weather is getting warm and they are
too close and heavy.
They stood me a good turn, however,
in the last march, when for weeks We
were up to our eyes in mud and water.
When We got here the army was ragged
and hard up. but already our new cloth
ing Is issued and We challenge the world
to exhibit finer looking set of men.
brawny, strong. swarthy. a contrast to
the weak and sickly looking fellows that
came to me in Kentucky three years ago.
1T is a general truth that men ex-
posed to the elements don't catch cold.
and 1 have not heard a man cough or
sneeze for three months, but were these
men to 90 into houses in a month the doc
tors would have half of them. Now the
doctors have no employment ! myself
am very WE'LL" &C.
This was as readers will remember in
the midst Of one Of the most trying and
strenuous military campaigns modern
history records. In this army were nearly
10000 men. they marched nearly every
day and on scant rations and with many
they marched in swamps. As
the general says. up to their eyes In
mud and water" and they slept in just
such environment with wet feet and
drenched clothes; often it was a problem
to ind place to lie down where the
water was not so deep as to drown them
when recumbent: they gathered branches
from trees and rails from fences where
they could find them. and when they had
time gathered moss and twigs to cover
the corduroy Of their couches to keep
them drier and out Of the water. and
thus slept in the open, and their gen
eral says, Il have not heard . man
cough or sneeze for three montha."
The Washington herald., 1911-01-22
CRAFTSMANSHIP WITH
OLD-TIME RIFLES

II was when the cap-and-ball rife with
the hair trigger was in use as a squirrel
gun that kentuckianS shot as straight as
the Beers did during the war with Great
Britain and for the same reason. The
modern repeating rife encourages care
lessness of aim and waste of ammuni
tion.
When it was necessary to ram home a
bullet surrounded with packing and to
mold the bullets by melting lead over a
log fire in a log cabin the bead was
drawn so that each shot would tell. No
hunter cared to throw away his powder
and lead or destroy his reputation for
craftsmanship by shooting to hear the
noise of his shooting iron.
The cost of bar lead and black powder
was also to be considered and game as a
change in the bill of fare was an impor-
tant item when there were no butcher
shops in the neighborhood and fresh
meat must be supplied by slaughtering
animal. drawing upon the poultry
yard. or turning to woods or water with
gun or rod and line.
In the days when squirrels were plen-
tiful in the heavily timbered sections of
Kentucky the hunter who could not, with
his long rife, go out at the break of day
and kill score of squirrels before the
hour the urbanite's breakfast is served
was an exception to the rule. Many
crack shots prided themselves upon
shooting them through the head only.
There were epicures who held it vain
glory to demonstrate craftsmanship in
that MANNER when the brains scooped
from the skull of we'll broiled squirrel
constituted a delicacy at a backwoodS
feast comparable to a dish of nightingale
tongues at a Roman symposiac.
Those whose aim was unerring but
whose Incidence forbade them from
shooting at the easier targets when the
squirrels were feeding in the hickory
trees between dawn and sunrise, hunted
them in the late afternoon when they
were frislling in the trees and barking
so that they attracted the attention Of
the dullest hunter to their whereabouts.
There We're pot hunters who used shot
guns, but sportsmen considered it as un-
sportsmanlike to fire a hard-ranmed,
scattering load OF large shot at a SPUR.
rel as it would now be to shoot quail on
the ground.
Squirrel hunting-unless trampfng all
day for half dozen can be called sport
is thing of the past in the larger por-
ton of the State, because no serious ef-
fort to protect game of any kind has
been made until recently. and shooting
rule. One result. from the point Of view
of the householder, Is that squirrels are
now rarely seen upon the home table and
are served at half q dollar or more al
restaurants.