davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04
Charles F. Clapp for Commis-
sioner.

Mr.. Charles F. Clapp, a candi-
date for Commissioner, is a well
known resident Of the city and
quite a genial man. He is not a
politician from the common ac-
ceptation Of the term, but strictly
a business man, highly recon-
mended and is thoroughly com
petent to fill the position credit
ably, honorably and economical
ly.
For fourteen years he has held
a responsible position at the pillow
works. Ninth and South Grand
avenue, which position calls for
ability and integrity. The Colored
boys who know him commend him
highly and say he is man who
believes in giving every man a
square deal.
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04
H. B. Davidson for Commissioner.

II. b. Davidson. the well known car
riage and wagon manufactures of
Sixth and Jefferson streets, who is a
candidate for Commissioner, needs no
introduction TO the business men of
Springfield. He has been in business
h re for many years, his reputation as
an honest, honorable business man is
well known. Mr. Davidson has a wide
circle OF friends who are supporting
him for the position, men who know
Chat in him they would have an hon
orable, conscientious public official.
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04
Roy R. Reece for Commissioner

Mr.. Roy R. Reece, son of form
er Adjt.- Gen. j. N. Reece, is
Springfield young man, who was
reared and educated here in the
public schools. He needs no in
PRODUCTION to the voters. For
several years he served as Assist
ant Adjutant General He was
elected mayor to fill out the un-
expired term of the late David S.
Griffiths and served nearly two
years in that capacity. Mr. Reece
has always been considerate and
strove to give every man chance
to earn a dollar. When he was
Assistant Adjutant General he
befriended many, and he was al
ways highly thought of and ad-
mired by his friends. He endeav-
ored to carry out the program
mapped out by d. S. Griffiths and
was, to a great extent, hampered
on account of promises previously
made. He is a business man, be-
ing proprietor of Reece's Laun-
dry; has always given some col
ored men employment. This
young man aspires for commits
sioner, feeling that his record in
public life is proof sufficient for
his competency. His friends know
him from a personal view point
and know his disposition. He is
therefore announcing and solicit
ing your aid.
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04

Mr.. Abe Barker, a candidate
for commissioner, is a business
man of long and good repute. For
twenty years he has been in bus
mess, giving much employment
to the colored and other laboring
people. Mr.. Barker, whose an
nouncement appears today, is a
large taxpayer and can be relied
upon to administer the affairs
economically and equitably if
elected. We commend him to you
and advise you to study him as
to his fitness for the place. He
will, as a matter of fact, see to il
that every poor working man has
a chance to earn an honest living
if it lies within the radius of his
power.
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04
General Joseph Vance.

General Joseph Vance, whose
announcement as a candidate for
commissioner appears in today's
Forum, is a veteran of the Civil
War. He was Adjutant Gen
eral under three governors of
Illinois, and served on the
commission that located Camp
Lincoln as the permanent camp
of the Illinois National Guard
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04

During his administration the
first battalion of colored troops
was organized. He has been
prominent in the upbuilding
of Springfield and large
employer Of colored labor dur
ing the past twenty years. He
does not ask a single vote at the
expense of Mr.. Gibbs, the colored
peoples candidate for commits
sioner, but as there are eight per-
SONS to be nominated for that Of
fee, he submits his name for their
consideration.
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04
REV. SIDES BREACHES
ABLE SERMON
St. Paul's Church Making Good
Progress-Pipe Organ q Fea-
ture.

Rev. j. II. Sydes of st. Paul S
A. M. E. church, preached quite
an able sermon last Sunday at IL
a. m. His text was chosen from
John, the Revelator. 81 saw a
strange angel in heaven, crying
aloud, saying: who is worthy to
unloose the Book of the Seven
seals?"
His discourse was logical, fer
vent, and spiritual. After the
regular services very beautiful
and solemn memorial services
were held out of respect for the
late lamented Bishop Grant
AT 7 :45 o'clock DR.. Virden of
the State Board of Charities de-
livered most excellent address,
full of oratory, eloquence and in
formation. DR.. Virden is pro-
nounced an orator of repute. The
choir rendered most entrancing
music Monday evening Mr..
Jackson and wife entertained a
large crowd with a moving pic
ture lecture, presenting the life
of Moses and the Holy City to
great advantage Their show,
the music and songs, were most
excellent. Their pictures and
scenes were superlatively grand.
Tuesday and Wednesday even
ings they showed at Union Bap-
tist and Pleasant Grove churches
respectively.
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04
H. o. McGrue for Commissioner

Among the very prominent and
latest men to announce for Com
missioner is Alderman H. 0. Nc
Grue from the Fifth ward. Mr..
McGrue is too well known for
much elaborate mention, He was
born and reared here in the city
and a resident of one ward for
forty nine years. He is business
man, being the proprietor of the
planning mills at Ninth and Adams
streets. Mr.. McGrue's record in
the Council is very good. He has
always advocated the best legis-
lation and economy He believes
in law enforcement and justice
meted out to all. Mr.. McGrue has
always been fair on those ques-
tions relating to the consideration
and recognition of all men, re-
gardless of race, creed or nation
atty. He is a man who gives EN-
ployment to large number of
men and also gives Colored peo-
pie employment. That Mr.. Nc
Grue will make a good man for
the place is beyond question. He
has both the ability and the expe-
rience, therefore we commend him
to you for your most earnest con-
sideration. The Colored people
are aware of the fact that the best
men from every standpoint are
the men for them to vote for
men who are not afraid to stand
for the right amidst the most try
ing crisis.
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04
At st. Paul S.

For that Centennial Celebra-
ton at st. Paul A. NJ. E. church,
Feb 13, you will please go on
time. Have you conceived the
fact that that is going to be the
greatest thing we have ever be-
fore had? Well, it is. Come
early for the program is to open
at s p. m. sharp. The admission
will be only Zoe. There will be nc
reserved seats. The first will be
first-and conversely.
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04
Y. M. G. A. to Be a Success.

The colored Y. NJ. c. A. has
taken another start A few young
men met at the Forum office last
Sunday and organized a band of
workers who are to get fifty more
with $1.00 each by Sunday, Feb.
5, to make the first start, rent a
room and proceed for the year.
The next meeting is Sunday, Feb.
5, at 4 p. m. at 119 North Eighth
street. All men invited. Those
present were: A. M. Williams, II.
b. Hughes, c. Fields, c. S. GLENN,
Capt. R. A. Byrd, E. L. Rogers
and J. Harold White.
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04
Y. M. G. A. Elects Officers.

The Colored Young Mems Christian
Association completed the work OF
electing officers last Thursday even
ing. The officers in fun are: Capt.
X. A, Byrd, President; b. II. Lucas,
Vice President; Il. l.. Rogers, Acting
General Secretary; h. T. Gorum, Fl
nancial Secretary; A. NJ. Williams,
Treasurer. The other committees and
boards will be assigned and named
later. A rousing meeting will be held
at Masonic Hall Sunday at p. m. The
public tmen) are urged out. Spring
field is going to emulate Chicago. win
you come over in Macedonia and
nelp?'
T.. l.. ROGERS. Sec'y.
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04

The program to be rendered

TIC program 20 DC TeHueIeu dU
ST. Johns A. Nj. E. church on
Thursday evening, Feb. 9, 1911, is
given under the auspices Of the
Stewardess Board, and promises
to be rare treat. Admission 10
cents, and the one holding the
lucky number will receive a hand
some salad dish.
Mrs. Lucretia Dammon, Presi-
dent; Mrs. Luella Gray, Secre-
tary.
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04
Prominent Business Man Dies
Suddenly.

j. c. Klaholt, the jeweler, well
known and liked, for many years
in business here, born in this city
about So years ago, died suddenly
Sunday. Mr.. Klaholt S,ds highly
respected, and quite valuable
asset to the city. His death is a
distinct loss. Man that is born
of woman is of a few days and
full of trouble.
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04
A CAPABLE MAN.
w. E. Robinson for Commissioner

again we call our readers attention
to Mr.. w. f. Robinson's candidacy for
Commissioner. He is at present alder
man from the Fourth Ward and stands
for the highest ideals in politics. He
is strictly business man. having been
in charge of one of the greatest finan-
cial institutions in the State for the
past twelve years. the Court of Honor.
We find him TO be an affable man and
well versed in city affairs. Our read
ers will give him consideration and in
vestigate his record. The Fourth ward
gave him majority of 715 for alder
man last April.
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04
From South Africa.

Rev. ID. +. Murff and wife, who
have been in Capetown for the
past five or six years, doing mis-
sionary work, desire to return
home on account Of the illness of
Rev. Murff.
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04
Jno. o. Rames for Commissioner.

Mr.. Rames is a product OF the
city, educated in its schools, a
thorough and competent business
man, worthy in every particular
of the support of all citizens that
stand for clean politics and good
government. Mr.. Rames is at
present teller in the Farmers Ma
tional Bank. His position is sug-
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04
Wilberforce Uni. Program.

Last Sunday was "Wilberforce Day"
at st. John A. NJ. E. church and a
very excellent literary program was
rendered. A collection of S14.00 for
education was raised. The partici-
pants acquitted themselves creditably.
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04
At the Dubois Lyceum.

The following program was
rendered by the Dubois Lyceum
at Pleasant Grove Church Feb. q:
Instrumental Solo-Miss G. J.
Nelson.
Voice-Miss Laura Wilson.
Paper-Rev. E. Hall.
Recitation-Mrs. Anna Page.
Quartette-Henry Alexander,
Viola Alexander, James Gentry
and Noble Alexander.
Round Table topic, "What does
it take to make good citizensY"
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04
MORTUARY.

Mrs. Lucille Giles, wife of David
Giles, the dairyman. and daughter of
Prof. A. L. Stewart, died Tuesday
morning of this week about I a. m.
The funeral was held at the residence
in the west end of town Thursday at
2: 80 p. m, Rev. w. n. Tobie officiating
The interment was made in Oak Ridge.
Family has public's sympathy. Re-
quiescat en- pace.
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04

one who, if elected, would devote his
entire time to the interests of the City
of Springfield
The Colored citizens as we'll as the
white recognize in him man to be
trusted, and we are glad to endorse
as worthy a candidate as H. B. David
son.
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04
Chas. Brown Dies at ST. Johns Hos
pital.

Mr.. Charles Brown of Fifteenth and
Kansas streets. died at ST. Johns Hos
pital early yesterday morning He
was well known and highly respected.
He leaves a wife and three children.
Funeral will be held tomorrow at 2:30
O'Clock at st. John A. NJ. +. church.
Fourteenth and Mason streets.
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04
Registration Notice.

Next Tuesday is Registration Day.
If you desire TO vote see that you are
registered in the precinct in which you
ave. Don't forget, Feb. 7th.
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04
L. REIC SCHoCEI RECITAL
At the New Hope Baptist Church,
Monday Night, Feb. 6.

This promises to be the best and
most attractive program rendered
by Mr.. Schocei up to the present
time in Springfield. Admission.
adults 15 cents, children 10 cents.
Tickets on sale at the Forum of
flee and in the hands of the COM
mittee.
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04
Program.

Poet and Peasant Overture-Prof
Schoeei and Prof Lambke.
The Swallows Miss May Nelson
Coquetrella Mazurka-Miss Ethel
White
still as the Nicht'-Miss Alberta
Moore
Menuet, Op. 14-Mrs. j. b. Lee
Anehored-Alrs. Rosie Hunter.
Campus Mareh-Miss Lucille Elliott
"Hark. Hark my Soul'-Prof. Scho.
cei and DR. Ware
Pure as Snow-Miss Ona Moss.
Garrissinra-M Alberta Moore
Lucia de Lammermoor." Leschet-
izky, "Concertstuck. Op. 79"-Prof
Schocei.
Ten minute address-Attorney c. s.
Gibbs
Comm i'tee-Miss Lora Logan, Mrs.
II. X. Wilson, Mr.. Mildred Johnson,
Miss Georgia Osby, Mrs. Maude Nolan
and MIR. Monroe Leavells.
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04

Today is Saturday, pay for THE
FORUM.
The forum. [volume] (Springfield, Ill.) 1904-192?, 1911-02-04
Z. L. Rogers,

IA. L. IooSSlo,
Manager.
Residence phone, Old 1922.
, 1911-09-09

from Denmark, , from England and , be-
long to the island. these ,tst also English).
al S 10.
If the grant is used as here proposed it
will benefit both the relatively we'll to do
middle class and The poor Of the island.
nj 5 IL.
The carryiu. out OF tine rules here prupos-
ed for the plymeat OF tn grant Will pre-.
~umah'y be Il sgt1itieut guarantee that the
school has deserved to set the amour, ot
aid which Is paid out OFT.
ads t.
It will. moreover be possible 20 ~ae from
the accounts ia, here regulated, that the
grant IN aid is actually used for the benefit
OF the school and not for the benefit Of its
managers only, tor the pqymeut of interest
to shareholders or ior paying off old debts
which the school may haye incurred.
(1o d eoutJtueO
, 1911-09-09
F|redomkstcd. ST. Croix Sept 9th 1911.

Fredcuksted. St. Croiz Sept 9th 1911.
East Asiatc 90. Dan. stmr st Crolc,
Captain Kali. arrived from ST. kits and Is
lands ON Saturday at , O'Clock, and took the
following passengers and corg left nj mid
night for Europe via st, Thomas. Cargo,
40 puns Rum.
Passengers for ST. Thomas.-Dentist DR..
JAS. Gordon, Miss Anna Gordon and Miss
Mae Gordon. Bank Director 4 Mrs. Hoist, in
FAINT and nurse.
Passengers for Europe Director Emil
Petersen Of the Central Factory and Mis-.
Hoyer.
The SIS. Horoua. Capt Carmichael, from
New York wa ST. Thomas, arrived at 4 pm.
ON Saturday 2nd INST, and S1l.cd at noon
on Sunday for ST Kits and other islands.
Passengers for ST. kits f.. B.. Oliver,
Sarah Williams, Allan Williams, Princess
Williams, Ellen Williams, John Hines, Re
ginald Williams, Mrs. Robt. Skcoch, Junior.
For Dominica Roy. Father De No~s. For
Barbados-Roht. Cutchelow, Wiufred Por-
ter, Hutson Arthur, Ccphas Arthur, Maud
Arthur, Louisa Haa~lay and SON Seymour,
Dudley knight, Joseph Taylor.
Tho SIS GtnuoL Capt JW Carey from
Chrisuaostcd arrived on Saturday, aud load
cd for New York $50 bags sugar from
Est. Il Bethlehem, 250 bags sugar Est. LIN
Grange, 1850 bags sugar E,t over Love,
1870 Bb.s sugar from E-t. IoSeusborg II
bbE and l Tee Tunarinds, rs Octave Rum,
st. Georges, II packages Mdse, 30 Tees
Molasses from Whim.
Passengers for st. Thomas. -Frel. Nc
Far'aue, Mrs Octayier Stewart, Rev. Father
Rabaey, Miss l. Van Brake, Hiss JOS. Sim
mons. For New Iork-lIj.s L.McKeuzie, Mas
ter Alex Fleming. Miss Louisa Hansen,
Mr.. Holger H.. Hansen, Miss Enriqaenta
Steele, Capt. 4 Mrs. BIackwood. grandson
Ralph Skeoch, and nurse w. Emmanuel, J.
Johnson, Rachel Frances, Horny Dennis
Howell.
Steamer left at midnight on Tuesday for
New York via st. Thomas.
, 1911-09-09
FrederikStpd
5th Sept
Dear Mr.. Editor,

Dear Mr.. Editor,
Please allow pc just a little
space in your Bulletin fora few words about
the Bazaar last evening, kept by the chill
dren Of the Frederlkstcd'9 branch of St.
Croix Hojere Skole.
They had the great surprise of an over
crowded house, and the audience seemed
so pleased to see the little ones 50 thorough
ly enjoy themselves and to appreciate fully
The Washington bee., 1911-12-09
PerTuneS.

Civet is an aromatic substance Of
the cOnsistence Of honey and is OBJ
tained from a pouch on the civet cat,
an animal from two to three feet long
and about ten or twelve inches high
The best known Of animal OdOrs is
musk, which is obtained from the
musk deer China furnishes the best
quality. Twenty-Five pods or sacks
are packed in Oblong boxes composed
Of plates of lead inclOsed in a caddy
made Of pasteboard. Musk is obtain
ed from Assam, Siberia, the AItai
mountains and other parts Of northern
Asia. AmbergriS is another animal
odor. It is secreted in the intestines
of the spermaceti whale A very curl
Gus fact is that ambergris is only ac-
cumulated by disease-that is, it Is
only secreted in q sick whale. It is
very hard, of a light gray color and is
found in quantities varying from twen-
ty to fifty pounds. 1t is worth about
f6 an ounce.-LOndOn Standard.
The Washington bee., 1911-12-09
WHISTLER AND MOORE.
Two Versions of the Famous Gaming
Incident at the Drury Lane
TheateF.

It was in his capacity as editor Of
the Hawk that the late Augustus
Moore, a j0urnalis, and playwright Of
no little nOtoriety, enacted an unre-
hearsed comedy with Whistler that
created no end of a sensation at the
time. It happened in the vestibule Of
Drury Lane on the first night Of the
production Of a Million Of Money"
Whistler, it appeared. had been an
nOyed at sundry references to himself
In the Hawk and, coming up TO Gus
Moore, who was calmly smoking a
cigarette, struck him across the face
with q cane 4 struggle followed, and,
although opinions varied as to the ac-
! tuaI course of the conflict, there was
no doubt about Whistler having ulti-
mately to pick himself up from the
floor.
Each Of the prOtagOnists afterward
gave his version Of the incident. Il
started out" said Whistler, ito cane
this fellow with as little emotion as I
would prepare to kill a rat. / did cane
him to the satisfaction Of my many
friends and his many enemies, and
that was the end Of it." u am sorry"
wrote Mr.. Moore for his part, ''but 1
have had to slap Mr.. Whistler. Ny
Irish blood got the better of me, and
before I knew it the shriVeled up little
monkey was knocked over and kick
ing about on the floor"
The notion, however, that he was
knocked down was characterized by
Whistler as "a barefaced falsehoOd." ="
He cOntended that Mr.. Moore never
touched him. "I am sure" he added,
Il don't know why, for he is a much
bigger man than l. My idea is that
he was thoroughly cOwed by the
moral force of my attack. I had to
turn him around in order to get at
him. Then cut him again and again
as hard as I could, kissing out Hawk!
with each stroke. Oh, you can take
my word for It, everything was done
In the cleanest and most cOrract fash
ion possible. I always IKE to do
things cleanly."-NeW YORK Tribune.
The Washington bee., 1911-12-09
HAD FURNISHED ROOMS.
And He Had a Sign Out to Let His
Rival as Well as His Neigh
bors Know.

In a little settlement on the outskirts
of Chicago two houses stand out more
boldly than the rest These two are
the domiciles of two Italians Of means,
who, although being very Ignorant
men. We'd with each other for the
social leadership Of the locality.
One day a newcomer, in search Of
temporary lodgings, attracted by
conspicuous sign in the window Of the
first Of these two houses, stepped to
the door to make inquiry.
81 see you have furnished rooms
here" he said TO the swarthy man who
answered his knock.
''Ya," reioined the foreigner, point
ing to the furnished room sign, "dere's
da sign"
''WeH, if you have one that's suitable
I'd like to rent it for awhile"
eve no rent Ga rooms was the be-
wildering declaration. Il got my fam
fly in here, and dey take up all da
house"
Don't rent any rooms? Why, then,
have you that sign stuck in the win
dow?"
"T'H tell you. Las week dat fellow
next door hang such a sign in his front
window, an wen see dat I put one
Of da same kind in my front window,
Just to show da people dat he amt
only man in dis place dat have his
rooms furnishedw- Judges Library.
The Washington bee., 1911-12-09
CARRYING PIG IRON.
The Way Scientific Study Increased
Results and Wages.

The Way Scientific Study Increased
Results and Wages.
No work seems more simple, more
unlikely to be subject to scientific
study, than the art Of carrying pig
iron. This, however, has been sub
jected to the most careful scientific
study. Men at Bethlehem, Pa, were
loading pig iron on cars at the rate Of
about twelve tons a day. Certain pig
handlers were given extra wages for
doing this work under special direc-
ton. An attempt was made to ascer-
tain the relation between the amount
Of horsepower which each man exert
ed and the fatigue which be incurred.
Long continued experiment furnished
q vast amount of information, but ap-
parently no law. Finally +. ". Tay-
Tor, who was conducting the expert
ments, handed the data over to an
associate who was apt at mathemati-
cal problems. Very soon he reported
that he had discovered the Iaw-that
fatigue varied in proportion to a GER
tain relation between the amount Of
load and the period of rest-fOr exam
pie, man carrying a ninety-twO pound
pig had, in order TO avoid fatigue, to
be at rest 58 per cent of the time The
discovery Of this law involved a great
amount of data, including certain phys
tolOgical facts concerning the poison
Gus effects of waste tissue upon the
blood and difficult mathematic fOrmu-
la, including the plotting of curves.
As a result the pig handlers were di-
rected exactly how to lift and carry
their loads and when to rest, and the
amount of pig iron handled by each
man every day increased from twelve
and a half tons to fOrty-seyen. Of
course the men received a great ad-
vance in wages.-Ernest Hamlin Abb
bott in Outlook.
The Washington bee., 1911-12-09
SEEING THE FAR EAST.
IL Should Be Viewed Through the 81
BILE and Arabian Nights"

IL Should Be Viewed Through the BIZ
BILE and ARABIAN Nights"
The best books on the east, as every
one knows, are the Bible and the Ara
bian Nights" and yet I found most
travellers were saturatng themselves
with snippity descriptions Of mOnu-
ments and places, with tabloids Of his
tory, with technical paragraphs on ar
chitecture and the ethnIc religions,
with figures about the height of this
and the length Of that or condensed
statistics of exports and imports and
the tonnage through the Suez canal
and dates about the PharaOhs and the
MUghals. No wonder they see nothing,
know nothing, enjoy nothing and come
home bringing a few expletives, adjec-
tives and photographs which can be-
had for a small price in either New
York or London.
The first thing to do in going to the
east is to turn your education out on
your desk so that you can get at the
bottom Of it, and there you will find
the Bible and the Arabian Nights"
and the odyssey" and "Iliad" and
Virgil" and "IerOdOtus" and Keno
phon," and you viii realize what q
fool you were not TO have devoted
more time to them when you were
asked to do so. Guide books can get
you to the east, but they do not get
you inside. 1t is temperament, not
trains, that cOunts.-PriCe Collier in
Scribner's Magazine.
The Washington bee., 1911-12-09
Plumber,

Mulligan, the contractor, put up a
church building. Dunn was building
inspector then. and when he saw the
church he said, Pat, it isn't plumb"
That made Mr., Mulligan pretty mad.
He climbed right up and began to take
measurements. Having squinted down
the plumb line in a dozen different
places, ne was ready to report. There
was a ring of triumph in his voice.
at it y'rself. Plumb, eh? By tn piper
that played before Moses. it's more
than plumb Cleveland Plain Dealer.