davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
STEEL TRUST
SECRETS OUT
,3ohn w. Gates Reveals Inside
History.
now COMBINE WAS BORN.
= Three-man Conference Which Gave
Rise 10 the Big Corporation
---Csrneeie Forced to
Abandon His Plans.

Washington--John w Gates re-
scaled to the House Steel Trust In
yssti eating Committee the history of
&hs United States Steel Corporation.
Present at the birth of the greatest
steel manufacturing concern in the
world, he described how it was the
natural outcome of what he describ-
ed AS the refusal of Andrew Carnegie
70 be bound by the Gentlemen's
Agreements that marked the early
days of open competition in the steel
Business.
He told also of millions lost and
created almost in a breath; how the
Carnegie mills appraised at $780,
100000 were recognized as worth
s22o, 100000 almost within the time
required to make the transfer to the
corporation; the grim clash in the
formative days when John ID. Rookie
feller was dissuaded from joining in
she creation of the corporation and
the manner in which others were
prevented from engaging in the steel
trade
Relating how Carnegie had been
forced to abandon plans for extend
Ing his steel business, Mr.. Gates
Cranky admitted that the gigantic
industrial combination was formed
I'd throttle competition. and he sur
ESriseo the committee with the further
Information that when John d.
Rockefeller had sought to enter the
steel business a deal had been put
through by which the Standard Oil
magnate was forced to sell out for
20 cents on the dollar
Carnegie Got Double
Characterfzing Mr. Carnegie as "a
sull in china shop" Mr. Gates told
Df a midnight conference between
himself, Charles NJ. Schwab and ].
Pierpont Morgan, at which the Steel
Corporation was conceived and how
It resulted in Carnegie getting $780,
100000 in the corporations securi-
Ties for his steel interests, which he
previously had offered for $16O,OOO,-
800 in cr-f.
Mr.. Gates also told the committee
Of the taking over of the Tennessee
Coal and Iron Company by the Unit
go States Steel Corporation during
the panic of 1907, a deal in which
he was interested as a stakeholder of
the Tennessee company. This, he de-
clared, was forced transaction car
ried out by Mr.. Morgan and other fl
nancial leaders to save from ruin the
Trust Company of America, threaten
ed in the financial upheaval because
fl had loaned too much money on
stock of the Tennessee Coal and Iron
/ Company
Plans made by Mr.. Carnegie In
18S9 and 1900 to circle his steel in
eerests with railroad of his own
ana to compete with the National
Tube Company. Just organized by Mr..
Morgan, by the erection of a tube
works at Ashtabula, o., were the fac
ltors that led to the birth of the steel
lGDmbine
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02

Lisbon.-The ng-looked-for rup-
ture between the Church. and the
Government is now an accomplish
ed fact, as a result of the protest by
the bishops against the separation
law. 1t attacks the provisional
Government and declares that the
law is not one of separation, but of
annexation of the Church. After be-
ing despoiled of all property and au-
thority, the bishops declare, the
Church has been placed in an abject
position under the heel of the Gov
eminent.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02

There is also narrow-gauge rail-
road to the coast. Taking it for
granted that Diaz would take the
more luxurious route, the bandits did
not modest the narrow-gauge road
For this reason it was chosen by Diaz
for his trip.
Presumably, De la Barra and the
higher governmental officials have
been informed of Diaz's movements,
but their lips are sealed on every de-
tail
Even Americans high in authority
with the road have been impressed
with the necessity for maintaining
silence.
General Diaz, still feeble from his
illness and far from being a well
man, left his home under dreary cir
cumstances. Rain had fallen earlier
in the night. and by the time the
former President emerged from his
house the air was chilly. He was
closely muffled To aid in the dis
guise, a borrowed automobile was
used The trip to the San Lazaro
Station was made over unfrequented
streets.
BY a prearranged scheme. at the
last moment, police were scattered
along the way. At certain points
close friends of the former Chief
Executive. including those who are
to accompany him across the Allan
tic, fell in behind the Diaz auto
mobile.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
BARGAINS In BRIGHT Dollars.

Trenton.-Because many foreigners
in South Trenton were parting at
half price with bright, new, silver dol
lars bearing the date of 1879, 1t has
been necessary for some of the banks
to announce that these dollars are not
counterfeits. The cry was raised
among the small tradespeople that
money of this particular date was
no good, and several strangers have
been going about collecting them.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
PORF|R|O D|Az
GOES To SPAIN
Steals Away From Capital at
Night.
IN GREAT DREAD OF BANDITS.
Three Railroad Trains, the First 4
Pilot, the Second Carrying the
FusitIves, and the Third
Bearing M. tary Guard.

Mexico City-Porfrio Diaz, for
whom during 80 years all Mexico
stood to one side, Friday, hat in
hand, stole from the capital Only
q few devoted friends, whom he dared
to trust, followed him to the station
at 2 o'clock A. NJ, shortly after the
celebration over his resignation had
Quoted down
Diaz was bound for Vera Cruz to
take ship for Spain. In the distance
he could hear the voices of few of
the more enthusiastic citizens who
were still acclaiming the new Presi-
dent, Francisco Leon de la Barra,
and shouting Viva Madero.
So carefully were the arrange
ments made for the abdicated Presi-
dents secret escape that the news did
not transpire until late in the day.
Secrecy was due less to apprehension
of a popular outburst than to de-
sire to reach Vera Cruz before
learn of the trip.
Travel between Mexico City and
Vera Cruz usually is over the Mexi-
can Railroad, a standard-gauge line
with modern equipment. Rails along
this route, however, frequently have
been removed of late by bandits, who
were determined that DiaZ, for rea
sons best known to themselves,
should not leave the capital. They
are reported to have harbored the
idea that Diaz would follow the pre-
cedent of other Latin American
Presidents and carry the national
funds with him.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
Choked by High Collar.

Yonkers, n. Y.-Coroner lies de-
termined that Frederick Beresford,
of 81 South Broadway, was choked
to death by his high collar. Beres-
ford fell asleep in his chair in a
cafe. His head dropped to one side
and the stiff collar shut off the cir
culation. At first acute Indigestion
was blamed, but later the coroner
and DR.. Patton found the throat in
a condition that indicated strangula-
ton beyond a doubt.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
40 YEARS A BANDIT,
Old Bill Miner, Stage Coach and
Train Robber.
Has Left a Criminal Trail Over the
West-Now Faces Long Term
in Prison for Georgia
Hold-up.

Gainesville, Ga.-Far back in the
COS drivers of stage coaches making
trips back and forth across the state
of California began to come in from
their lone-mountain journeys with
cash boxes rifled of their contents.
sometimes horse shot, and in every
case with the same story. A lonely
spot on the road, sometimes in the
daytime, sometimes at night, a single
highwayman and the magic words,
Hands up" The tale never varied
For want of better name the lone
highway man came TO be known, far
and wide, as California Billy"
The exploits of California Billy"
continued for several years. All a.
'orts at his capture were in vain.
Many posses hunted the lone outlaw,
tempted by offers of generous re.
wards. But he seemed to bear a
charmed life.
1t vas not until 1869 that he was
caught. The driver of stage that
ran in from the hills back of Sacra.
mento jumped from his seat in front
of the Office early one morning in the
spring of that year and breathlessly
told how he had been held up but
few hours before. The strong box of
the stage had been heavy with gold
dust sent in by miners Never before
had California Bill dared to attack
O coach SO close to a town.
In 20 minutes from the time the
driver told his story heavily armed
posse was riding hard back over the
trail 1t was not difficult to pick up
traces of the bandit. Before nightfall
his hunters were close upon him and
as the sun sank behind the hills they
surrounded him. The posse expected
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
Ships Mast as Monument.

Norfolk, Va.-The naval collier
Leonidas passed out the Capes for
Havana to bring back the mainmast
of the battleship Maine, sunk in the
Cuban harbor 13 years ago. The
Leonidas also will bring back any
bodies of the men of the Maine that
may be recovered from the mud of
Havana harbor. The mainmast will
be erected in Arlington Cemetery at
Washington as a monument to those
who lost their lives in the Maine dis
aster.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
Wrecked on a Rock.

Panama.-The National Steam
ship Line steamer Taboga struck a
rock off Punta Mala on Tuesday and
sank a short time afterward. OF the
100 passengers on board only 40 are
known to have been saved The
scene of the accident is about 100
miles from the nearest telegraph sta
ton, which makes it difficult to OBJ
tain details of the accident.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
Postal Savings Bank Bonds.

Washington.-The first of the
postal saving bank bonds will be
issued very soon. Treasury officials
have been notified that depcsitors at
many of the banks are turning in
their accounts and az ag for the
new securities. The new ponds will
be in denomination1Aof $50, $50 and
500 and will pay az per cent. in
terest. Any depositor in a postal
bank can become a holder of govern
ment bonds for the asking.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
De La Barre Takes Oath.

Mexico City-Francisco de la
Barra, formerly minister of foreign
relations, took the oath of office as
provisional president.
The ceremony of inauguration
which makes De la Barra president
until an extraordinary general cleo
ton can be held, took place in the
Chamber of Deputies. He was
escorted from the national palace to
the chamber by the staff of ex-Presi-
dent DiaZ.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
For Hartman University

New York.-Report comes from
the Pacific Coast that Mrs. Edward
H. Hartman is to found a great uni
wersity rs a monument to the memory
~ her husband. 1t was said she had
decided to devote part of her fortune
bn hHilding an educational institu-
zion second to none in the world and
probably surpassing in all respects.
According to reports the institution
wDald be called the Edward II. Har-
riman University.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
One-cent p STAGE uraed.

Washington - Charles w. Bur
rows, president, and George T. Nc
Intosh, secretary OF the National
ORe-Cent Letter Postage Association,
called on President Taft and Postmas-
1er-General Hitchcock in behalf of
what they stated was a nationwide
movement among business men for
n one-cent rate on first-class mail
matter
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
President for Six Months.

Washington. - President De la
Barra's term of Office will probably
extend over at least six months
Crude and rusty electoral machinery
will prevent the holding of a general
election until about September l,
and it wilj be December 1 probably
before thet next President can as
sumo office. Such is the expectation
of the Mexican contingent here.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
WOULD ELECT BY PLURALITY
Roots Bill to Prevent Deadiocks in
Fleeing Senators

Observation-Disclosures at the sup
p1ession of deadlocks in State Legis-
1atures in the election of United
States Senators. the bill introduced
~ Senator Root providing for a
fhofce by plurality vote was favor
ably reported to the Senate Commit
tee on Privileges and Elections by
khe subcommittee to which it was re-
Serred
An amendment holding that to be
elected under such law the winning
candidates vote must be one-third or
more of the entire vote cast was
agreed upon.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
To Honor Washinntnn

Buenos Ayres.-The Chamber of
Deputies has authorized the erection
I'm this city OF monument to George
Washington, offered to Argentina by
fhe members OF the American Colony
here as a token OF friendship and
good Will
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
D|Az RESIGNS
AS PRESIDENT
The Complete Triumph of the
Revolution.
JOY AT THE MEXICAN CAPITAL.
Riotine and Bloodsh d in the Mexl-
can Capital Quickly Changes
to a carnival of Peace
and Gladness.
JOY AT THE MEXICAN CAPITAL
Dlaz 81 Years.

Diaz 81 Years.
1S30-Born in Oaxaca of an
Indian mother. Educated
for the church.
1S46-Enlisted in war against
the United States.
1S54-Served in revolt against
Santa Ana.
1S5S-Supported Juarez in war
of reform.
1S59-Opposed French in war of
intervention.
1S67-Secured surrender of
City of Mexico from
Maximilian
1S67-Candidate for president
against Juarez. Defeated.
1S76-Made provisional presi-
dent of the Republic.
1S77-Regularly elected for a
three-year term.
1SS0-Secured election of Con
zales as his successor.
1SS4-Again elected President,
law against reelection
having been abrogated.
His term would have ex-
pired in 1888, but accord
ing to constitutional
amendment in 1887, it
was extended to 1892.
1904-ASain elected to serve
until November 80, 1910.
This was his seventh
term.
1910-Re-elected, making his
eighth term as President
of Mexico.
1911-May rs, resigned under
pressure, following the
victories of the revolu-
tionists under the leader
ship Of General Madero.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
wilkie 10 Head Custom Probe.

Washington.-Pre Taft APP
pointed John e. Wilkie supervising
agent of the division of special
agents of the Treasury Department.
Mr.. Wilkie will continue to serve as
acting chief of the Secret Service, of
which he has been chief for 13 years.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
St4 Rev ard SO Years Late.

Washington.-A belated draft of
$14 was sent by the Treasury De-
partment to Justus Tyler. of Grand
Rapids, Mich, as the reward of a
grateful government for his having
walked 900 miles over snow and
fee to enlist in the Union Army more
than so years ago.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
ARMY TO STAY IN TEXAS
Government Not Convinced Trouble
lie at End

Washington.-Asid from hasten
ing a change in the command of the
maneuver division, the restoration of
peace in Mexico will have no effect
upon the military forces now in
Texas. 1t was deemed prudent to
keep General Carter in charge of the
division as long as conditions in Mex
leo were delicate. but he will soon be
succeeded by General Fred. D. Grant,
in execution of the original policy Of
rotation in the commanding office.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
Quits Church for Politics.

Mount Vernon, N. Y.-Having
been elected to the Assembly the
Rev. James Berg, of the English Lu-
theran Church. has resigned his pas
torate for his new position, where,
he says, he can do more to advance
good government.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
Japan Wants Pact With U. S.

Tokio.-Japan, it was stated in
official circles. is prepared to partici-
pate in negotiations for general
treaty of arbitration with the United
States and is willing to submit pro-
posals for such an agreement If in
yited
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02

Lexington, KY. B. Haggin, the
nnlfi-millionaire owner of Elmendorf
stDek farm, has caused notices to be
posted requiring the several hundred
Employees on his 9.000-acre estate
sar this city to shave every other
AZ. Mr. Haggin believes that
ifzkers propagate dangerous mi
;,bes and the order is meant to af-
( AT particularly employees in the
/ ~ department
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
coIlana (sIrs Drowned

Ogdensburgh.-Miss Hazel Hicks,
aged rs, ard Miss Olive Blaine, aged
rs, Of the Toronto College of Music,
lost their lives in Lake Ontario in
company with c. J. Wolfe and H. A.
Clarke, students of Trinity College
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
To Establish hanehai Paper.

San Francisco. Several American
newspaper men, headed by B. Win
frid Fleisher, have sailed for Shang-
hal to establish the China News, to
be printed in both English and
Chinese.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
Bird Holds Railroad Car.

Buffalo, N. "A Michigan Cen
trail car has been taken out of COM
mission until robin, nesting on the
brake ladder, completes her work.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02

Ada, O.-Eight hundred students
are on strike at Ohio Northern Uni
versity az the result of the expulsion
of nine students for participating In
a pugilistic combat.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
Would REGULATE Press

Chicago f. A. Delano,
of the Wabash Railway. says if the
Interstate Commerce Commission is
good thing for the railroads, why
not try to regulate newspapers by it.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
London Has 7 252, e63.

London.-The population of Great
err London is now 7,252,963, making
it still the greatest city in the world,
according to the official preliminary
census figures Just made public.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1911-06-02
Four Injured in Tunnel.

Rochester, N. Y.-Four men were
fatally injured in premature explo-
sion of a blast in the tunnel under
the Genesee River at Central ave-
nue..
The Elbert County tribune., 1911-01-20
FASHIONS FOR LITTLE ONES
In ProfusIon Of RaIment the Rising
Generation 10 Not Far Behind
lts Elders.

Nowadays they cater just as much
to the children in the matter Of dress
as they do to the grown-ups, and a
glimpse into the children's department
of our stores today would open the
eyes of the most incredulous.
Here will be found in the greatest
profusion raiment for all ages and
sizes, from the tiniest tot Just walk
ing to the young lady about to make
her bow to society. who realizes. how
ever. that as yet there is a distinct
line drawn between her gowns and
those of her mother or elder sister
There is charming litter Of bas.
kets on this seasons dressing table
for holding everything that girl uses
In making her toilette. from hatpins
and pincushions to hair ribbons.
A general but not exact uniformity
in shape is preserved in the many
sizes OF baskets used In girls room.
and general style of decoration is
carried out in colors that must match.
Baskets for tho dressing table are cho-
sen with, relation to their uses and
supplemented with fiat desk baskets
that contain materials for correspond
ence and with baskets for sewing and
for holding wells. hosiery. collars and
neckties.
The Elbert County tribune., 1911-01-20
FOOD A Ia TABLOID.
New First-Aid-to- he-Hungry Ra.
ton for Army.
rwenty-Four Hours' Meals All Packed
In Can About the Size Of
Cake Of Kitchen
Soap.

Washington.-A half pound of grub
q day for hard-worked soldier sweat
Ing In the trenches! Dinner. two and
two-thirds ounces after forced
march, when he is footsore and
weary Twenty-four hours meals,
all packed snugly In tiny can. about
as big as Bridgets slab of kitchen
uoapl
Such is the invention Of Gen. Henry
@. Sharpe, commissary general Of
Uncle Sans army-the busy officer
who thrice daily feds the $4,000 hun
cry mouths OF our soldier boys.
He is the first inventor you ever
heard Of who hopes that there will
never be any demand for the prize
fruit Of his genius. And this is be-
cause this invention is an emergency
ration" whose use would mean, In the
frat place, war-which General Sher-
man rightly defined as 'hell"-and. in
the second place, an unfortunate emer-
gency of war resulting from a cutting
on of the supplies of an army in the
field
The sky-blue can, which holds an
emergency breakfast, dinner and sup
per. all within Its tiny shell. is four
and three-quarters inches long. less
than three inches broad. and an inch
and quarter thick. You can wear
one in your hip pocket without
arousing the least suspicion that you
are bearing refreshments less proper
and polite.
War breaks out, say. with the Japs.
the Germans, or the bloomin' British.
Each Yankee brave in khaki has one Of
these can of firstaid-to-the-empty
dropped into his haversack. where 1t
keeps fresh for months, and where 1t
must be regularly accounted for at In
The Elbert County tribune., 1911-01-20
MOTHERS OF THEN AND NOW
Conditions Are Only Different No
Matter What Sentimental
Writer May Assert

The popular" writer who bewails
what he assumes to be the fact that
the "old-fashioned" mother is no more
is liable to defeat his own purpose If
that be intoxicating in children the
highest possible regard for their pa
rents. 1t is danger which even the
quantitative theory of literature or
space rates cannot Justify.
The mother of the past, Of course,
was different from the mother Of the
present, as different on the whole as
the conditions of life then and now.
but since her daughter is the mother
of the present there must be some
points of similarity. All the good in
our mothers and grandmothers GER
tainly could not have vanished. 1t
will be paying scant tribute to those
door, good women who have laid down
their precepts and examples and pass
ed on to say so. And, of course. this
writer does not mean to do that. yet
he comes very near doing what he
does not intend.
The fallacy of the whole sentimen-
tai notion that because things and
people are not like they used to be
they are not as good lies In the pat
ent fact that they cannot be alike, and
If they were 1t would simply be be-
cause of the present generation being
so much inferior to the past that 1t
was unable to do no more than stand
still.
The Elbert County tribune., 1911-01-20

In the 1aunty little helmet hat with.
visor front. Brought forth in Paris
and transplanted to New York. 1t is
shown in the smartest of Fifth avenue
shops. Worn at Just little angle one
can see how widely It differs from the
demure bonnet-like shapes.
1t is a simple looking piece Of mil
linery, but will bear studying. The
frame is covered with white satin and
faced with black velvet. Piping cord
finishes the brim edge and the velvet
collar and fat bow at the front. This
particular model is one of those bid
ding for favor and is a radical new de-
parture. Whether "she will or she
won't" is the all important question.
My lady of fashion is ready for
changes. but just what will please her
restless fancy remains to be found
out. Small. flexible hats are the most
promising for street wear. They are
commendable from the standpoint of
comfort. but their correct adjustment
will take care on the part of the wear
ers and tendency to lose their orig
inal lines will have to be combatted
In felts and velvets. as In furs, the
soft hats have body enough to remain
shapely. They are without doubt the
most successful of new things placed
before the public.
JULIA 6oTToMLEY.
The Elbert County tribune., 1911-01-20
NOT AS BAD AS IT SOUNDED
Wonderful Highland Dialect ResPon-
sIbIe for Wrong Impression
Given Divine.

Andrew Carnegie. at a dinner in
New York, talked about the Scotch
dialect.
Its hard lingo to understand" he
said. 1T often causes awkward mis-
takes.
"Once an American divine spent
Christmas in a Highland inn. On
Christmas morning he gave the maid
q tip of a sovereign. and he said. look
ing earnestly at her-for she was a
pretty maid
"'Do you know, Kathleen, you are
very good-looking lassie7'
''Of course Kathleen was pleased,
but, being modest, she blushed like a
rose and answered:
".Ah, ma; All, nal But my kissin,
sir, is beautifull'
"The divine frowned. ,
Leave the room, you wicked
young baggagel' he said sternly.
He didn't know. you see. that mod
est Kathleen had been simply praising
in her Highland dialect. the superior
charms of her cousin Janet of Pee
bles."