davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1911-11-09

of carbon one inch long carbon that
the electrician throws away when he
fixes the corner arc light will be all
right. Scrape one end Of each down
to a point with a file or a knife and
smooth it OF with piece Of cloth;
II will rub into a nice polish &c Cd.
Get two pieces Of spring brass or cop
per five inches long. bend them up
straight one inch from the end and
punch a hole in the short bend, as In
the sketch Isl. Make two little clips
to clasp the carbon as in the sketch
(c); these are made Of spring brass
IN inches long. one inch of each end
being bent up straight. and solder
them to the top Of the longest ends
OF the springs (s). Get piece OF
brass three inches long and bend up
one inch from the end; this brass
should be one-half inch wide and one
eighth inch thick. A hole is drilled
In the bottom big enough to let $50
machine screw pass through. In the
long end drill and tap for 6-32 ma
chine screw; this must be done by q
machinist or blacksmith. II will be
done for few cents. A sounding
box is needed. A cigar box will be
Just right for this. Tear the lid on
and on the bottom drill two holes two
Inches apart. and screw the two
brass springs to this by passing brass
machine screws through the holes and
using a small nut on the inside Of the
boz: these screws are 6-32xh inch
One-half inch from one spring screw
the screw holder (h) by the short
end to the box In the same way.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1911-11-09
lefll1ean1:!
q YRaGD
sARRooM SERMON BY TRAMP
Pathetic incident Occurs In New Or.
loans saloon Whsn Poor Thirsty
Hobo 10 Given Drink.

A tramp asked for q drink IN sa-
loon. The request was granted. when.
In the act Of drinking the proffered
beverage. one of the young men pres
ent exclaimed:
Stop. make US Q speech. II II
poor liquor that doesn't loosen q
mans tongue"
The tramp hastily swallowed down
the drink, and - the liquor coursed
through his veins he Strengthened
himself and stood before them with
a grace and dignity that all his rags
and dirt could not obscure. says the
New Orleans Picayune.
Gentlemen" he said. II look to-
night at you and myself. and II seems
to me ] look upon the picture Of my
lost manhood. This bloated face was
once az young and handsome as
yours. This stumbling figure once
walked ass proudly a. yours. q man
In the world of men. I. too. once
had . home and friends and position.
! had wife a. beautiful a. an artists
dream, and dropped the priceless
pearl Of her honor and self-respect In
the wine cup. and. Cleopatra-like. saw
II dissolve and quaffed It down in the
brimming draught I had children as
sweet and lovely as the flowers Of
spring, and saw them fade and die
under the blighting curse Of drunk
ard father. had a home where love
lit the fame upon the altar and min
istered before It. and I put out the
holy fire. and darkness and desola-
ton reigned In its stead. had as
pirations and ambitions that scared
as high as the morning star and broke
and brushed their beautiful wings.
and at last strangled them that
might be tortured with their cries no
more. Today I am husband without
a wife. father without a child. q
tramp with no home to call his own.
man in whom every good impulse
is dead And all swallowed up In the
maefstrom Of drink"
The tramp ceased speaking. The
glass fell from his nerveless fingers
and shivered into a thousand frag-
menst on the floor. The swinging
doors pushed open and shut again,
and when the little group about the
bar looked up the tramp was gone.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1911-11-09
BOYS ORGANIZE UNIQUE CLUB
They Thought They Would Follow
Example Of Their Elder
Methods Entirely Original.

Boys are initiative creatures. They
like to do what they see their elders
doing and sometimes they improve ON
the example set them. A club woman
tells a story Of how her small nephew
and his friends caught the 0rganlxa-
ton fever and got up q club Of their
own. The methods Of the Junior Ath-
letic club we're entirely original. Its
business seemed to consist principally
OF electing and expelling members.
the same member being taken In and
put out again several times week.
What did you do at your meeting?"
the aunt inquired one day.
I'VE 1ected some officers"
why. you elected officers last
week"
Yves. but they didn't act good. SO
we thought we'd 'lect some new ones.
Tom can't come much" went on
the clubman, so We made him q
premonitory member"
"A what? Do you mean honorary?-
"Yes. l guess that's It. He has to
pay dues. but he doesn't have to come
unless he can" This implied merely
that Tom was exempt from being
seized by the neck and brought into
the meeting without his own volition.
And, you see. he's got to be honor
able" added the small boy. severely.
We've got a dollar" he continued.
in the treasurer Has your club got
any more than that?"
"a little more." meekly replied the
aunt. whose club is one of the largest
in the country.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1911-11-09
EXCELLENT AS A PLAYHOUSE
Made Of Old Cardboard Boxes end
p Folds Into Fiat surfaes-Amus-
- lna for Girls.

A toy to help the little girls play
house" has been devised by an Illinois
man, but any bright hoy can make ono
for his little sister. Take some old
cardboard boxes that are in good con-
dition-the heavier the cardboard tho
better-and cut them up till you have
seven pieces a foot or fifteen inches
square. In one Of these cut large
window. like those seen In some par
lors; in two Of the pieces cut windows
Of ordinary size. and In two others cut
out sections for doors. The remaining
two pieces are to be used as inside
partitions. Cut strips Of cloth an inch
wide and the length OF the house
walls. and by gluing these strips along
two edges of two walls the whole sew
en- can be hinged together with the
big window In the center. the door
sections adjoining It. the other win
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1911-11-09
AccuS I'D OF MURDER.

Louisville.--A news dispatch from
vicksburg. Miss. tells OF the arrest In
that city CD a charge OF murder OF
Charles Hors, better known as Grip
Horn. a one legged newsboy and shoe
string peddlcr. who for years was d
familiar character about the streets
He is alleged TO have struck Roscoe
Shropshire. of Stursls. Miss, a bridge
worker OF the Yazoo a Mississippi
Valley railroad. "A terrific blow over
the head several days ago and the vic
tim succumbed TO hil injuries.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1911-11-09
A Wonderful Cave Of Ice.

No one knows how many wonderful
caves. more extensive. perhaps. than
the vast mammoth cave Of Kentucky.
yet remain to be discovered. Not long
ago some boys accidentally found the
entrance to a marvellous cavern OF ice
al the foot of Cow mountain In Colo
RADIO. Three great chambers OF Il al.
ready have been opened. the walls
and ceilings OF which are covered with
great masses OF ice In grotessue
forms In the center OF one OF tho
rooms Is a lake nearly nfty feet
square with no apparent outlet.
what an excellent refrigerator such
a cave would make! II would supply
the needs OF a whole city.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1911-11-09
AER0PLANE IS VERY AMUSING
Imitation Of Flight Given a. Closely
a. Possible Without Atten-
dant Danger.

The aeroplane has not yet reached
a stage that would warrant its use al
a means of thrills for the general pub
lie at amusement parks. The next
best thing. therefore. is some device
that will give as close as imitation Of
fight as possible without the attend
ant danger of real flight. and the ap-
paratus shown In the illustration has
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1911-11-09
AeropIane Amusement Device.

been evolved to this end. The aero
planes used are provided with two
comfortable double seats. and have
bearing wheels which run on an ele-
waited monorail. Guide rails are To-
Gated three or four feet below the
bearing rail to keep the aeroplanes
from tipping over, To carry the de-
ception Of actual flying as far as pos
sible. each machine is provided with a
guiding or elevating plane and a con
trolling wheel.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1911-11-09
ErMePN
UIIIfH
ONES 81
HOW TO MAKE A TELEPHONE
Detailed Directions Given With Illus
tratIon Showing construetion
Of Instrument

I wanted to build a telephone set
some time ago, and made q transmit
ter like the sketch. found that II
Il was placed in any part Of large
room the slightest whispers could be
plainly heard. q watch could be heard
ticking. and II ny walked upon the
boz that forms the base every step
sounded loud and plain. II 10 easy to
make and very cheap. says . writer In
the Chicago Tribune. Get two pieces
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1911-11-09
ParalYxLna influence.

"Aicohol has invariably a paralyzins
influence. All the results which, on
superficial observation. appear to
show that alcohol possesses stimulant
properties. can be explained on the
ground that they are due to paraly-
sis."-Prof. q. A. Won Bunge. M. ID.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1911-11-09
AGED MOTHER
OF United States Senator Paynter IL
Dead.

Maysville.-Mr James T. Long, rs
years old. mother OF United States
Senator Thomas ii. Paynter, OF Frank
fort. is dead at her home in Lewis
county Her husband died month
ago. Mrs. Long leaves two sons be-
sides the senator.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1911-11-09
An Actlvs Nothlno.

The origin of sin 10 hid In mys
terry. It's home 10 In the darkness.
Nobody knows from whence II comes.
Jesus never mentioned the subject.
Some affirm that there IL no such
thing as sin. n SO. sin Ia a very &C
tive nothing.-Rev. II. L. Purinton.
Episcopalian. Denver.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1911-11-09
Common Duties.

The eommonest duties Of NE are
never well performed unless they
have growth AZ their end. and thus
done we are prepared for something
higher. and power and inspiration will
come TO us.-Rsv. J. o. Hayes. True
Life, San lose.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1911-11-09

Look out. I think I'm rising.
You mustn't come too near"
But not an inch budged airship;
In vain young Henry tried;
He coaxed. he pushed. he iftsdl
Then sprang he out and cried;
well. just stay there. old airshipi
I'd not sail. anyway.
I'd rather play with sister:
And on the safe earth stay"
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1911-11-09

.'ttle country boy during visit 10
the city WAS Obliged TO drink con.
Gensed milk
Mamma" he said. I'm glad We
Ao1t have condensed cows al home"
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1911-11-09

dow pieces on the ends and the parti.
lions in between. This forms q three
room house. the interior OF which can
be decorated with paper. pictures and
curtains according to the taste and
ability OF the decorator.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1911-11-09
What Is II to Be a
Christian?
By Dr.. n. 7. MUSSELLMAN.
Of Philsdelphis

TExT-How often shall my brother sin
against me and forgive himf-Matt
XVIII. n.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1911-06-07

fixed by thousands of years of dwell
ing under the autocratic government
of kings to wider sphere and oppor-
tunity of popular sovereignty, and
that they naturally distrusted the
capacity Of a people uneducated and
Inexperienced in f-government to
do for themselves what might be
done for them.
The Constitution itself was a great
political miracle of compromise be-
tween distrust and hope.
But the times have changed. We
are living in a generation that pro-
duces an unheard of rank and file of
yeomanry of far superior average of
everyday knowledge than the Fathers
that framed the Constitution they
live under. And we realize today,
as those Fathers could not in their
time, that what makes for the con-
servatfsm, the deliberation and in
dependence of the United States SEN
ate, is not the manner in which it is
chosen but largely the extended peri
cd of service for which it is chosen.
In the six years term for which each
senator is elected his vote so defiant
of public sentiment today may be-
come popular gospel long before he
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1911-06-07

yielding an income of $1,000, 900 a
year. That is SIS per acre Let us
assume that the waste lands of YER
mont might be made to produce 81
per acre in fifty years and we would
have a yearly income Of $1,s59. 500
in place of practically no income at
the present time 1t is no idle
dream to believe that Vermont is I'M
developed and that it's waste lands
offer an opportunity for safe and
profitable development. All that is
needed is a knowledge of the oppor-
tunity by the. residents of Vermont
and other states and an era of forest
development in Vermont will surely
come. Here is an opportunity for
our publicity bureau to render val
liable service to the state.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1911-06-07

The senate has voted to have an
other investigation of Sen. Lorimer.
Sen. Dillingham; is chairman of the
committee on elections and will have
an opportunity now to let the people
see what a real investigation of the
case will reveal. That is what the
people are really anxious about.
They do not want to seq Lorimer per-
secuted but they do not want the
country disgraced by his presence in
the senate if heidi not secure the
position honestly. Sen. D14-4ngham
has an opportunity to do some dis
tinguished service here and we are
confident he will.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1911-06-07

must put himself before his constitu-
ents for reelection. He can afford
to be reasonably independent, he can
afford even to be a. leader and pion-
eer in a new idea, because public
sentiment win have an opportunity
to reconsider and mature before the
final verdict upon his availability
for reelection is passed.
Volumes have been, volumes more
might be written ON this subject.
The Messengers contention is, simp-
ly, that when an intelligent people
put their power of government out
of their hands into one body of Sc
lected men, they have gone far
enough in the jeopardizing of their
liberties. When they put their au
thority out of their hands into a
body of men that is simply to choose.
another body of men finally to exer-
else it, they have created needless
opportunity for the foes of good gov
eminent to intercept the popular will
on its way to accomplishment. They
have simply provided an ingenious
plan by which the will of the people.
can be dexterously side-tracked, be-
cause it is plainly all too much easier
Continued on page 81
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1911-06-07
PRESS COMMENT.
Recall.
The Initiative.
Referendum

Recall.
We read a great deal in these days
in relation to the Initiative, Refer
endum and Recall. Without doubt
many people have yet failed to fully
understand just what these terms
mean. Broadly speaking. their OBJ
Ject is to bring the government of a
republic closer to the people. The
Initiative as applied, gives the people
an opportunity to initiate legislation
and policies. The people, by it, may
start legislation directly or may
originate a proposition to be deter
mined by vote of all the people.
The Referendum is a means of de-
termining by vote whether the legis-
lation or the policy of govern
ment initiated by some of the people
shall be accepted by all the people.
Oregon is the most advanced state
along these lines, the laws of that
state providing that certain per
cent of the voters may propose iagis-
latlon, which, at general election
may De submitted to the people to
decide as to whether it shall be
accepted or rejected. After the
legislature has passed an act, if a
certain per cent of the people do not
believe it ought to be the law of the
state, it may be referred to a vote of
the people to determine whether it
will be accepted or rejected. In that
way the passage of laws is left
to the people finally and not to their
representatives in the legislature.
The Initiative and the Referendum
are not novel schemes to those who
reside in New England because we
have applied the principles involved
to our town governments for up
wards of two hundred years In our
scheme of town government, if any
portion of the people wish a certain
article inserted in the town warrant
they can have it inserted and sub
mitted to vote of the town by a
petition to the selectmen. At the
annual town meeting or at any spec
1al town meeting the people vote
upon any proposition which a few of
the people originate or ask for. In
deed, in Vermont, very small por-
ton of the voters can at any time
have a special town meeting called
to vote upon any question which the
small number initiate. In our scheme
OF government it has proved a sue
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1911-06-07

and Pres Diaz who has ruled Mexico
for many years has left the country
for Spain. An election to choose a
president has been called for Sunday,
October Is. Madero, the insurrecto
leader, is an open candidate for the
place and it is possible that Gen. Rey-
es who was prominent under the Diaz
reign may become a candidate. He
is out of the country at present and
there is considerable discussion
whether it will be safe for him to re-
turn 10 Mexico to conduct canvass
or not. The fact that the man who
has been the president of Mexico SO
long and another man who would
like to be a candidate for the position
of president do not dare remain in
the country for fear they will be Kill
ed does not indicate that Mexico is
free from dictatorship. Neither does
it indicate much strength on the part
of Madero. If he must shoot the
man who preceded him and one who
aspires to his position in order to
hold his place he certainly is not
very strong with the people. 1t is
to be hoped however that he will
have strength enough to prevent
blood shed and that there may be or
der and deceney in Mexico once more
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1911-06-07

A congressional probing commit
tee has found that voucher for ST.
$50 has been paid and signed by
Artist Rosenthal for a portrait of
Ex-Secretary of State Hay but that
Rosenthal really received only $3.50
for the picture. The committee ask
ed to see the books in order to find
what has been done with the remain
ing $1,000. The president refuses
to show the books holding that the
$2,450 was paid out of the emer-
gency fund for unforeseen emer-
gencies in the diplomatic and consul
lar service, which Congress had pro-
vided need not be accounted for if
the President certifes that an item
should be paid from this fund. Pres
ident Roosevelt had made certif1-
cation. This may be correct reason
ing but the people may decide to
abolish books that contain such items
and are not to be seen.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1911-06-07
Election of U. S. Senators.

.'The advocate of the popular cleo
ton of United States senators has
these things yet to prove. First,
that the people would act more hon
estly in the election of United States
senators than they do now in the
election of state officers; second, that
the mass of voters can or will be as
we'll informed on political or public
questions as the public official; third,
that the nation can afford to allow d
less intelligent and more disinterest-
ed force determine what legislation
shall be; and fourth, that a United
States Senate dependent entirely On
the popular sentiment of the land
can act with the deliberation and the
independence that a Senate elected
by present methods cam
This is the essential part of the
conclusion of an editorial of The
st. Johnsbruy Caledonian on the pop
ular election of United States sena-
tors reprinted in its entirety else
where in this paper and which should
be read in it's complete form the bet
ter to appreciate the able arguments
the esteemed contemporary advances
to support it's opposition to the
change.
Of course, within the limitations of
readable newspaper editorial, the
stipulations of The Caledonian can
not be discussed in all the phases
that might be dwelt upon in another
form, but The Messenger will ven
ture to propose a few suggestions
that may, perhaps, be worthy of con-
sideration in regard to them.
First, that the people would act
more honestly in the election of
United States senators than they do
now in the election of state officers"
The purpose of the change is, not
to insure more honesty in the popu-
lar electorate, but to insure more
honesty in the persons elected. In
deed, the very. reason for being of
this demand for a change, is that
the United States Senate does not to-
day reflect the popular will as hon
estly as the people would have it.
And this fact, also, demonstrates the
existence of very deap-seated pre-
vailing popular opinion that however
honest the people themselves are in
knowing what they want done by
their agents in their behalf, they dis
trust the honesty or sincerity of
some part Of the men that under the
present system are appointed to do
it. The honesty" part of the issue
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1911-06-07

cess. We would not do away with 1t.
Outside of New England the unit OF
government is the county instead or
the town. 1t would seem from the
progress made during the last, few
years that the rest of the country is
simply awakening to the advantages
of a government for the people as
worked out here in New England,
and speedily returning to first prln-
ciples as laid down by our fore
fathers.
Now, if we apply the same pro-
cedure to our state government and
submit questions which relate to the
affairs of the state to vote OF all OF
the people, we have the principle OF
the Initiative and Referendum ap-
piled as it has been applied in some
of the western states. And why
should this not be done? We have
IN fact, repeatedly recognized it's
application to the affairs OF state.
Our present local option law only be-
came effective after it was submit
ted to a vote of the people. II
it was a good thing to submit that to
decision of the voters, why is it
not good thing to submit other
important matters to the legislation
of the people?
But in some sections, the people
have gone step further and have
applied the recall. The application
of the principle of the recall is this:
If a town or city, after election
| finds that it has an incompetent or
dishonest official, a new election may
be asked for by certain number of
the voters and it may be by all the
voters determined Is to whether or
not the public official in question
| oh oil a IF hi
and some one employed in his place.
Under our present system, assuming
i that one of our selectmen after the
service of year is found to be
totally unfit and dishonest, he cannot
be relieved of his Office until his full
term of three years has expired.
! Would it not be better if We could
recall him-after it has been deter
mined that he is, in fact, dishonest,
rather than to wait for his term to
expire?
We are not prepared to fully ap-
prove of the recall as applied to
judges, in the Arizona Constitution.
There are, however, some strong
arguments in favor of applying the
recall to the judiciary. That political
bosses have used the bench to adj
vance their own selfish ends and save
them from prosecutions, cannot be
denied. Would it not tend more to
the stability of our judicial system
to have some provisions for the recall
of such a judge as the one who re-
Gently ruled that the books of a
private individual; could not be used
for showing that money was used for
the purpose of securing the election
of Lorimer to the United States sen
ate, and for the recall of such judges
as have effectua1ly and seemingly
without warrant of law, blocked a
prosecution of the notorious Cox of
Cincinnati?
The judges of the Supreme and
Superior Courts of this state are
elected by the legislature every two
years. At the end of the two year
period, if any one of them is found
to have been false to his oath of Of
fee, reelection may be refused him
In that way we have, to all practical
intent and purpose, applied the
principle of the recall to the control
of our judiciary. Can any one say
that it has not worked successfully in
this STRAIGHTFORWARD Valley Times