davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The log cabin Democrat., 1911-04-06
sS-4t
TAX COLLECTORS NOTICE.

Notice is hereby given that l will meet the .~~pavers of Faulkner County Arkansas, for the purpose of collecting the real. personal and per capita taxes for the year l9l0 at the following times and places: Cadron Township, Courthouse. February 2s, 1911, to April 10. 1911. All persons desiring to pay real estate are requested to bring a correct tax receipt of some former year. so that mistakes may be avoided.
 J. s. JOHNSON, Sheriff and Ex-Oficio Collector. Faulkner County Arkansas.
 December 20. 1910.
The log cabin Democrat., 1911-04-06
BALLARD SCHOOLHOUSE.

After an absence of several weeks again take my place with the other correspondents of the Log Cabin Dem ocrat.
 We have not much news this week. The. fence law seems to be the all-ab- sorbing subject. The crop seems to he the second and next best thing to talk about. The forward fellows are
The log cabin Democrat., 1911-04-06

Never before have we had such an elegant line of Young Mems Suits, ranging in size 32 10 36, and in prices from S4.50
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-02-25

The other day overheard two
farmers talking Of their experience
with the use Of commercial fertilizer
on corn. Both had used the fertilizer
on corn. One had drilled It in with
his seed with corn drill. He had
left a few rows without fertilizing and
he said that he could not SEQ any
difference between this and where he
had applied the fertilizer.
He did not say whether there was
much or any vegetable matter in the
SOIL but took It that the soil was
lacking in vegetable matter as ne had
not turned any crops Of clover or any
thing else under.
The other farmer had turned one or
two crops OF clover under. He said
that his fertilizer helped him to grow
clover and that he had grown red
clover SO high that he could stick the
heads in his pockets without pulling
them off. He had applied fertilizer to
his corn and he felt sure that he got
five dollars worth OF grain for every
dollar spent for fertilizer.
Both had bought their fertilizer
from the same man. One was salts
fed with his fertilizer the other was
not and I leave the reader to Judge
who was at fault. Whether the agent
who sold the goods or the farmer who
used them.
These experiences bring to mind an
experience I had with fertilizer on
corn several years ago. had Held
that had not been under cultivation
for number of years.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-02-25

On many farms the straw IL con-
sidered Of little practical value OUT
side Of affordinE bedding and litter
for the stock, but during the past few
years opinion seems to be more favor
able toward straw as q feed for horses,
sheep and cattle. To~a large extent
this has been brought about by the
use Of the silo in preserving the corn
chop and also by the shortage Of hay
during the same period.
With the silo % provide the animals
with plenty Of succulent food we have
been enabled to feed our cattle all Of
tho oat straw to a very profitable adj
vantage when otherwise they would
refuse to eat It up clean. The animals
are apparently. more fond Of straw
when fed with ensilage than either
grain or hay.
Sheep are also fond OF good bright
straw and will eat quite large quanti-s
ties In connection with ensilage and
hay. The great trouble with great
many feeders is that they will feed
out every kind OF forage and fodder
crops before they feed the animals
straw and then complain II they fall
away In condition. when put on straw
alone.
Properly handled and fed in COM
nection with other feeds haye been
able to derive considerable feeding
value out Of straw. but do not claim
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-02-25
RESULTS, WITH fertile ERS

It was badly run down and did
not expect a heavy crop Of corn. Part
Of the field was plowed during the
winter season and put TO corn the next
spring. applied about 200 pounds OF
q rather low grade Of complete ferti-
lizer at rates OF 200 pounds per acre.
grew fairly good crop Of corn.
l feel sure that got pay for my feFti-
lizer In the CROP. The next year tbs
balance OF the Aeld was plowed in
April. The soil was mot 80 good as
tho part worked tho year before bus
/ expected something from the fertl.
lizer. The result was that did not
get corn enough off this part Of tbs
field to pay my fertilizer bill although
I applied higher grade Of fertilizer
than had the year before and more
per acre.
The fault was not in the fertilizer
but In the soil and manner Of pre-.
pairing 1t think. The soil was rather
more sandy In the second plot. The
vegetable matter did not have time to
decay as It was not ployed until lates
Another. time applied fertilizer to
the corn in the hill and . row or two
OF It was left without any fertilizer,
Where there was fertilizer applied
where there was no fertilizer there
was no corn.
The fertilization Of tho crop II only
one Of several important considera-
tons In growing crop: seed. pfepa-
ration Of the soil and cultivation are
equally important:--E. J. Legs.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-02-25
VALUE OF STRAW AS STOCK FOOD

that 1t will do wonders toward keeping
stock in high condition.
There are times on all farms where
a large number of animals are kept
wheK 1t will prove profitable to feed
out everything to the best advantage
with ~ little waste as possible. even
though we do not make the greatest
gains possible. The most successful
farmer is In most cases the one who
utilizes the odds and ends OF his feed
to the best advantage.
Another mistake that IL made in
feeding straw is to expect the animals
to consume all that Is placed in front
OF them. Don't expect them to do
this for an animal will 60 without feed
before 1t will eat straw that is tough
and woody. The waste will do for
bedding and to work into manure.
consider that am doing well II I can
get the stock to consume half Of the
straw when fed in, connection with
hay and ensilage.
For horses that are not being
worked straw will take the place Of
hay and If fed a liberal ration Of grain
and an occasional handful of oil meal
there will be no loss Of condition. Dat
straw Is the best for feeding horses
as wheat straw is coarse and woody
and very hard to digest.
w. M. Kelley.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-02-25
DUCK RAISING APRoFITABLE INDUSTRY
Close Study of the Business end Attention to Even th,
Smallest Detail, Necessary IF One Would Be
Successful With Ducks
BY George Howard.
BY George p. Howard.

Duck raising has been developed
within the last Twenty-Five years into q
! f1ourishing industry. Prior to that
| time the duck was not considered =
profitable fowl to raise: it's flesh was
never priced very highly by the
masses. Ducks were raised without
tconstraint in waterways, feeding most
| ly on fish and water insects. This gave
the flesh strong fshy flavor. hence
! 1t was not particularly sought after.
save by the few who were partial to
that class of diet
The duck centres OF Long Island
and New, England we're then produce
ing a limited number each season. and
1t was with difficulty that these were
sold with profit. In fact, one OF the
most prominent duck raisers may be
quoted as saying that he was obliged
to visit the city markets personally
and t,ase the dealers to purchase his
birds, in order to secure anything like
satisfactory prices.
Artificial incubation and brooding,
combined with judicious feeding. have
been instrumental in the development
of the industry Machinery has en-
abled the duck raiser to accomplish
his ambition of having his stock In
the markets when prices are the best
and also of raising large number OF
birds in q limited space OF time.
The season for raising ducks Is
about six months--from February to
July. inclusive. Duck raising is to be
recommended to farmers as profit
able source Of revenue; and BY care
full attention to the work. az knoWl-
edge increases, the scope Of the "a
dustry may be extended.
There are number Of farms In this
country today that are devoted exclu-
sively to raising ducks. averaging from
5000 to $4,000 ducks as an annual
output. An idea of the proportions Of
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-02-25
LIFE ON THE FARM.

A contented and intelligent rural
population Is the true basis of q per-
manent agriculture. There are sew
eral conditions essential to the best
country life. The success Of the farm
rs a business enterprise is Of Prime
lmportcnce. It must return an income
sufficient to insure all the necessities,
most Of the tonveniences and some Of
the luxuries Of life. The community
life Of the agricultural population
must be such as will stimulate men
til activity to amply satisfy the social
aspirations Of the countrvn n and his
family.-H. L. Russell.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-02-25

~ \ !, i d :, 4 q + SD sa
the business may be had from the fact
that as high as three tons Of feed are
used daily BY single raiser during
the busy season. The profits are the
very best. and good incomes may be
made when once the business is thor
oughly mastered.
But the reader should not Jump to
the conclusion that these results can
be easily obtained. Duck raising ID an
arduous task-one that requires an
apprenticeship and absolute knowl-
edge OF the business before success IL
reached. Those who have been sue
cessful in raising ducks have learned
the business much as one does any
other vocation. The beginner should
start modestly, and increase his plant
as his knowledge of the work m.
creases.
The average farmer has all the ia
cilities for raising goodly number Of
ducks, and may, with a little outlay,
add considerably to his income.
1t is not at all necessary that ducks
have access to water to be raised sue
cessfully. for they grow and thrive
as readily without. There are sue
ce. ,ful plants where thousands of
ducks are raised that have no water.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-02-25
ADMIRABLY ARRANGED BREEDING HOUSE FOR DUCKS
GROWING HARDY PEREMVZALS

For those who have not much time
to devote to the garden. there Is no
class Of towering plants more desir-
able than the hardy perennialsN and
herbaceous plants. Take. for~instance.
the peony.
one does not have to acquire lib
eral horticultural education in order to
know Nhow to take care OF them.
Most Of them will do we'll in ordinary
soils, and flourish under conditions un-
favorable to the satisfactory develop
ment OF ANIMALS.
Those who have permanent homes
will do well to consider the merits Of
tn class OF plants, leaving the annu-
ais to those who are here this season
and somewhere else next year.
Not that we would advise their neg
|1ecting of-annuals wholly. however
I do not want to be understood as
meaning tfat-but simply that col
lection Of hardy plants will be found
so much more satisfactory, all things
considered. under the conditions Of
which have spoken, that their cul-
to that Of the other class mentioned.
which is not satisfactory unless
good deal OF time and labor are
expended on it.
The impression seems to prevail
that ANIMALS require next, to no care.
and are therefore particularly adapt
ed to the use Of the woman who has
but little time to devote to gardening.
The fact is, that to grow ANNALS
we'll you must give them a good deal
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-02-25

grass. which will encroach upon their
territory, IL allowed to do so, the soil
Will require fertilizing. and once in
three or four years the plants will be
bettered by division Of their roots.
This is about all this class of plants
will ask Of you. A great many can
be attended to in day, you will find.
And the work Is much easier than
that Of making beds and pulling
weeds
Where an exceedingly rich show Of
color is desired, nothing equals the
Rudbeckia or Golden Glow" Great
clumps Of 1t will be a solid mass Of
the richest golden yellow for weeks.
For cutting. we have few better fiow-
ers
This plant Is 80 aggressive in charac-
ter that 1t should have place in the
where 1t can be allowed
to spread to suit itself.
Even where only few roots are al
lowed 1t gives beautifully ornament
al effect.
Every. collection ought to include at
least q dozen of the most distinct var
ieties Of perennial phlox. This plant
is to the outdoor garden what the
geranfum is to the window garden.
Any one can grow 1t. It Is prOfuse
bloomer. It comes in wide range of
colors. Group 1t in order to secure
best results, but keep the lilac and
magenta varieties away from the pink
and scarlet sorts. unless YOU want col
or discoTd Of the most aggressive kind.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-02-25

/ Soil drainage, soil aereation, humus
content and tillage. Without going
into the details, we can only say that
kin order to give best results soil
should be sufficiently drained. either
because OF its compositions and situa-
ton. or through filing and surface
drains, so that no water will stand on
Its surface, or remain In the first or
10 inches Of soil more than q few
hours after rains have ceased.
Soil aeration Is promoted by efficient
tillage. both preparation and main
tainance, which creates and maintains
q loose. friable condition Of soil. per-
hitting the circulation of air among
soil grains. also by good drainage for
the presence of standing water, (not
soil moisture) in q soil excludes air.
But few plants, will thrive In a
water-logged soil. 1t is poor policy
to set plants in poorly prepared
ground. thinking that right conditions
can be brought about through subse-
auent tdllage.
We shall not attempt to lay down q
rule as to the frequency Of cultivation
necessary to maintain good filth. nor
manner In which the work may best
,be accomplished. 1t should be borne
in mind, however. that the. object Of
maintainence tillage is to preserve
ideal conditions Of soil mellowness.
hence the formation Of crust must
be prevented.
A loose soil surface acts as soil
moisture conserver. 1t also preserves
congenial conditions for the promo
ton Of activities in soil and plant life.
The keeping down Of weed growth
though necessary to the welfare Of
fruit plants, is but secondary object
in tillage, and, II rightly managed,
will require but small amount Of
hand labor.
We would place great stress upon
the creation and maintainence of ideal
soil cdhditions. A study should be
made also OF the questions of adapta-
bility Of varieties to soil. and climate
and markets.
Some varieties of Strawberries do
not take kindly to every condition Of
soil and climate, and the only way to
find which Is the best adapted to a
certain soil is to prove them by trial.
Proximity to market cuts quite a
figure in determining profits. One
needs to make special study OF, the
market problem.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-02-25
THE BUSINESS SIDE OF FARMING

A special feature of the Farmers
course in agriculture this year at the
University Of wisconsin will be the
business side OF farming. The farm
ers Of Wisconsin have capital to the
amount Of over $1,000. 900, 600 invest
ed in lands. buildings. machinery and
live stock and this capital should be
made to yield its largest possible re-
turns. Emphasis will be placed on
these farm investments and the
Business OF farming" will be special
ly emphasized from the soil. plant and
animal sides.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-02-25
save that which il given th..A =

save that which II given thesa -
drink.
It has been a matter, Of much dis
pute which II the better way. Some
duck raisers use water and allow their
breeders the freedom OF It: some allow
their growing stock intended for mar
ket free access to water until they
are eight weeks ola. when they are
.renned and fattened for market. On
the other hand, there are raissrs who
have no water on their farmA except
Ing wells. who are Just 90 successful
and raise 20 many birds % those who
have tho water. The only, noticeable
difference between upland and water
ducks IL that the latter ara OF pref
tel. and cleaner plurnage than. the
former.
A duck plant should be located on
q line Of railroaAin direct commune
cation with thu city markets and not
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-02-25
HOW TO MAKE MONEY GROWING
SMALL FRUITS.
BY NJ. N. Edgerton.

next but such conditions are con.
trolled by fixed laws Of nature AND
have nothing whatever to- do with
chance or luck.
Now, conditions In the laws Of
nature which determine precipitation
may vary with the seasonal changes
but those laws which determine sol
production never,
If certain soil responds more
literally to our efforts than another
there must be some cause for this
difference In productivity. and the
cause will usually be found to be
under the control Of human agencies.
If piece Of land IS low and sub
ject to flooding, then 1t must be
drained to place it on an equal footing
with land having natural drainage.
If the soil is in condition of acidity
(sour) made SO by standing water or
because OF conditions brought about
My wrong handling then these alb
normal conditions must be corrected
il uniformity In maximum results is
the end sought.
For, upon congeniality In soil con-
ditions depends activity in soil life,
which In turn determines the degree
of productiveness in soils.
Some localities. because of their
situation are much subject to late
spring frosts. The growing Of straw
berries under such conditions is pre-
carious businesses.
1t is folly to expect uniform maxi
mum results where natural conditions
are so adverse to their successful
Iculture.
If one wishes to make sure thing
of success, and make good money
growing small fruits, the first thing
that should be done is to make a close
study Of these problems Of local
atmospheric conditions and climatic
changes. and Of the laws determining
soil activities, and then apply the
knowledge thus acquired to the case
in hand.
Because of air drainage thus
afforded higher lying lands should be
given the preference. Proximity to
bodies Of water mitigate the evils re-
sulting from frost, preventing often.
the lowering of the temperature to
the frost point.
The question OF soil activities Isl a
much more intricate and complicated
problem. Activity IN soil life Is In
and determined largely by
following named agencies and factors
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-02-25

too far from the station. Almost any
location viii do 70, the plant; and
worn out land that can De had cheap
will do az well al the richer and more
fertile land costing several times as
much. Sandy soil IL to be preferred.
The buildings should be arranged to
secure good drainage and be convent
ent to each other. that labor may be
reduced to = minimum. The labor
attached to raising poultry II an tern
that is overlooked by many. and tbs
cost Of It often reduces very notably
the earnings Of the plant.
Houses for ducks are simple affairs.
They are .uilt plain and comfortabls.
and have no furnishings whatever. A
duck is differently constituted from .
hen, and must be cared for under DIFF.
ferent conditions. The hon needs
warmer houses and drier surround
ings than does tho duck. A due: will
not mind the cold II she can keep her
fset warm. Cold feet viii eject
duck as q frozen comb does q hen.
retarding laying and inducing ALL
ments. The feathers OF a duck are
almost impenetrable and Will with.
stand almost any degree OF cold. a
DUCK OdN uOL hIduO SAsO OAsOAsss -
confinement In q house that hon can:
she Is more restless In disposition ana
is given to exercise In greater de
gree than Is hen. Indigestion IS not
so prevalent with ducks % with chick
ems; the ducks ceaseless motion aids
the digestive organs and keep her
generally In good health.
T. The duck raisers on Long Island
use large quantities Of fish for .heif
breeding stock.
i. This is.known A. the ''nsh diet and
il considered ~ beins vary vair sble
TO induce egg production. Who're hsh
are cheap they form an excellent SUBJ
stitute for beef scraps In the rations
for breeding ducks or ducks not In
tended for market. but under no cir
should fish he .ed to stock
that will be marketed. Fish makes
the flavor of the flesh strong. ana
ducks fed on fish will not have ready
sale In the market. Whom fish II used
the beef scraps are omitted from the
ration.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-02-25
WORTH THINKING ABOUT

How pleasant it is during snappy
cold days to sit by the fire and through
the window watch ones wife wading
through the snow to hang out the
weeks washing. ].
Cut out the 80 per cent middleman
and send your butter and eggs and
other produce direct to your custom-
ers in town. Two dollars worth Of
postal cards will give you a start in
the business. a
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-02-25

To make money growing small
fruits maximum crops must be grown
with minimum labor. To be able to
do this one must possess natural
aptitude for the business and work
that Is to say one must have love
for nature, and also be filed with in
tense interest and enthusiasm which
creates the necessary incentive.
Much OF the work connected with
the business Of growing and market
ing a,superior crop Of small fruits. Is
exacting and puttering In its nature
requiring great deal Of knee and
finger drill Lack Of interest and en-
thusiasm combined With distaste fol
this sort Of work, constitutes a poten-
success in fruit growing.
One may be qualified to deal with
the problems and work connected with
general farming, and still come short
of that required in small fruit
growing
There are certain laws now more OF
less perfectly understood which must
be- conformed to, in our operations
connected with SOIL and plant culture
II we are to obtain maximum rewards
for labor bestowed
That is to say, knowledge sklllfully
applied brings its own reward.
Now 1t may appear to the casual
and uninformed observer. that hus-
bandry is simple occupation re-
quiring little or no education, or skill.
when in fact, the business has to do
with most intricate and wonderful
processes in both soil and plant life.
and, while 1t may be possible to win
degree of success without a knowl-
edge of these processes and laws
governing these life forces in nature,
much more certain and substantial
success, and more uniform results may
be had through the possession Of this
knowledge.
The occupation of fruit growing is
a more complicated business even
than general farming, for there are
a greater number Of problems to
master.
The sunshine and rain falls on all
alike. This statement is to be taken
in a general way.
Certain sections Of the country have
scant rainfall. while other sections
have plenty and to spare. Sections of
the country may pass through q severe
and protracted drouth one season and
be subject to the other extreme the