davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11
BuTcnERINe on The FARM
THE METHOD OF FARMER WHO THOROUGHLY
UNDERSTANDS THE BUSINESS.

ana inserted under the tendon strings
Of the hind legs. 20"
81 A short singlstree will be found to
answer for gambrel-stick. II there
is sufliclent help at hand. the hog may
be hung on pole put UP for the
purpose. ...
After the hog IL hung up. rinse 1t
down with scalding water, remove the
entrails by running sharp knife
lightly down. marking the belly
straight. cutting to the bone between,
the thighs and In front of the ribs,
which bones I split with IN Ak. being
careful not to cut beyond them.
Open the abdomen. and after 4
little use Of the knife ono will seldom
cut tho sntrails In removing them.
However, I have q few short strinav
at hand to use in case any Of the en-
trails ars'out.
Altar removing tho entrails, liver
and heart. spread the carcass apart
with . stick and rinse It down with
cold water. When cooled sufficiently,
remove the loaf fat and kidneys and
cut It up. .'"t
usually salt down on 4 bench or
In Z box as soon az It has cooled
enough to trim, but never put any
salt on tho ribs and backbones II the
weather IL cool.
Tho amount Of salt I use IL ton
pounds to every one hundred pounds
Of meat. In addition to the salt, I
also use two pounds of granulated
sugar and two ounces Of saltpetre
mixed.
Rub the meat once every three days
with one-third OF the mixture. While
1t Ia curing pack It in box In q cool
room, where It will neither become
warm nor freeze.
Two barrels may be used. changing
the meat from one to the other each
time 1t Is rubbed. After the last rub
bing let the meat lie in box for a
week or ten days. then take it out to
smoke. When taken out Of tho box
dip each piece in a. kettle Of boiling
water and let it remain half a minute.
after which sprinkle q little powdered
borax on tho meat side. and hang.
Smoke it four or five days with
hickory chips or corn cobs. then dip
and sprinkle It with borax again. and
put 1t down In clean hay.
The hot water destroys any fly egss
that may have been deposited, and the
borax prevents flies from depositing
fresh ones.
Meat treated In this manner may be
loft hanging all summer and will re-
main in the best condition.-W. Han
son. Illinois. .... ,..-- 49, 49,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11
NEGOTIATING LAND.

A writer in Dry Farming. sayss
1t is apparent that most Of our MP
land prairie lands will need inocuIe.
ton. Nearly all farmers Cat leass
those who have taken an interest -
alfalfa) understand this term. II -
necessary that certain bacteria be
found in the soil. II they are not
there naturally they must be put there.
This planting Of the bacteria y eallsd
linoculation.
Pure cultures can be obtained. but
the best and safest method n % -
cure dirt from a successful alfalfa
field, This dirt should be sowsd
over the field at the rate OF zoo or 500
pounds per acre, upon . cloudy DAY.
or lust before rain II possible. ana
narrowed in. Sunshine 10 injurious %
the germs. M.
A sack and a half Of soil TO m acre
will be sunicient. but II might 20 q
advantage to mix this with other diFs
to insure equable distribution. AZ
advantage in starting with ., small
patch of alfalfa 10 that whsn this
patch 10 well inoculatsd : farmef has
an abundance OF alfalfa dirt to inocu-
late larger areas.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11
WINTER PIGS

There is decided difference In
caring for the pigs of Autumn farrow-
ing and those Of the Spring litters.
On the average farm the latter have
the advantage over the former of COM
ing In previous to the advent Of the
springing grasses, and have more
generous supply Of milk and other
laxative food-stuffs to keep them grow
ing and in perfect order.
It has been my practice for a num-
Der of years to raise two filters OF
pigs a year. To do this successfully
find that one must not allow over
stocking, but rather should sell off a
portion Of the pigs soon after wean-
ing time, keeping only so many as he
knows he can accommodate with good
quarters and generous feeding. One
must not slight pigs during cold
weather, either In housing or feeding.
Besides dry nesting-quarters, the
pigs should have good-sized lot in
which they may get plenty of exer-
else. Growing pigs should not be
crowded into close, filthy quarters,
exposed to vermin and disease.
Our winter pigs are very probably
fed upon whole corn in the fodder, as
tney delight III SettlHs tuelT Ieeu iIoHi
this material. I find that they eat
very much Of the fodder, which forms
fine diet. The cobs and coarse stalks
are raked up and burned frequently,
affording the pigs generous supply
Of charcoal. ,"~ t&
aim to keep cow for every litter
Of nilk-stuffs I can grow q bunch Of
winter pigs, and with the milk and q
supply of pigs equal to the spring
litters.-G. W. Brown. 2s-.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11
HARDY JAPANESE PLUM

Plums Of tho Japanese variety Ars
popular with most growe1A, passo-
ularly in the east because they Afe
hardy and como on early. Many @
these varieties are the earliest IN the
market, and ~ they are always q
rood color, either cherry reds or ighe
yellowa, they sell readily ana bring
good prices.
They will grow well on almost any
kind Of decent soil. and do not NEED -
be particularly coddled. aithoush thy
should have oil tho care that any gopd
fruit-tree deserves. 4 ~:
Mr.. and Mrs. Fullerton. Of the Long
Island Railroad Experiment Farm.
Medford. N, r.. have 2 number q
these plum trees,
These trees were planted four yoAso
ago in soil from which pine scrub hAd
been srubbed only q few weeks ~.
fore. The trees are bearing we'll ma
show flne color and great visor.
The Japanese plum differs from the
domestic varieties IN that its le9vss
are longer, thinner. and smoother. and
1t has a greater tendency 70 produco
lateral fruit-buds on the annual
growth. It's fruit Is mostly short.
round and plump.
The Japanese plum ID less liable 10
injury from curculio and biack-knot
than the domestic variety. Mr.. Tul.
lerton says that up to this time his
trees have shown no signs Of di0oaSo
or attack from insects OF any kind.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11
Hog-scslding Tank.

If scaldins tub 10 used. the water
should be cooled by adding a bucket
Of cold water before the hog Is put In
TO insure correct heat of the
water use thermometer. Small
quantities OF I've. ashes or lime will
have no effect in removing the hair,
but will cause the scurf to como loose
more readily.
A hog hook 10 almost indispensa BILE,
and II one is to b made It should be
made in the form Of a hay or
tale hook. ~ In fact. ! md that a hay
hook answers the purpose very we'll.
In handling the hog. stick tho hook
~ the flesh Of the lower Jaw. just be-
hind the fork Of the jaw bono. How
ever the hook may be stuck under the
tendons Of the hind legs.
Keep the hog in constant motion
while being scalded. and draw 1t out
TO air occasionally. When the hair
and scurf slip easily from the body
the scalding is completed.
In scraping and cleaning the hog,
J clean the feet and head first, then
the legs. and last but not least, the
body .-~ 81.
l hang tho hog with q rome and
pulley. as it is more easily hung in
this way than any other. But It NAV
ne hung with the ordinary gambrel. a
stick which Is sharpened at each end
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11

ematies to figure about what result for
good viii come from the judicious Use
Of secure shelter. Plain common sense
will point the way to solve that preb-
lem. and reduce the answer to its
lowest terms.
Did you never. as boy. long to
spend season in camp. and sleep
ut night In a tent, or other rude shell
ter Of boards or boughs, and have you
never noted that the wind as II
whistlsd through crack. or creviee, Of
rent at such times. tested your power
Of endurance to the utmost7 What q
rush there always was at night to See
who should sleep next to the warm
camp fire and farthest frem the isaky
walt ~
Animals are subject to precisely the
slime conditions and sensations. Owe
them q safe shelter frem the storm.
and they Will not fail to appreciate It.
Put q little money into lumber. this
fall, and before spring yeu Will be
pleased to find how nicely the grain
10 holding out.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11
WHAT A coRN-PlcKER WILL DO
A TIME.sAVING MACHINE WHICH IS DESTINED TO
BECOME VERY POPULAR. ~ 1

termined only by the rate at which the
team walks. While no definite statAs.
ment can be made as to the amount
OF corn a machine will huSk. 1st
large wagon-box OF ear-o0rn has bssu
husked in thirty mtnutAs. 4
Ordinarily. however. the daily
capacity OF tho machine IN determined
largely by tho quality Of the corn and
tho facilities for taking care 81 the.
ears. y ~: ~
Considering tho character Of ths
work such a machine n required 90
do. the draft ID exceedingly light and
the power required to opsrato the
machine depends largely upon the
condition Of the ground ana the Asee
OF tho horses used. s.
FOR ordinary hustinG. from three
to hvs horses are required. when OBJ
Grating ths machine continuously tor
hours at time. four horses w1N
handle tho machine easily.
Another advantage gained oy u1-
Ing the corn picker Mes IN the fast
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11
A MODEL DAIRY BARN.

Concrete floors and managers with
iron stalls and fittings will make the
interior Of the new dairy barn at e
Columbia, Mo-, Agricultural College.
one that can be easily cleaned and
kept clean. Sunlight, the greatest of
all purifiers and disinfectants, will be
supplied in abundance through nu-
merous large, well-placed windows A
complete system of ventilation Will
provide an unlimited amount Of pure
air 10 the best insurance on the health
uniform temperature. The combina-
ton OF cleanliness. sunlight and fresh
air is the best insurance on the health
Of tho, university dairy herd that can
be provided. It adds to- the comfort
Of the herd and insures large returns
for food eaten.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11

While the Germ picker IS q compar-
atively new member Of the corn
machine tine. nevertheless 1t is des-
tined to become q very important one.
Before the advent Of the high priced
help, and before II became so scarce
the harvesting of the corn crop was
not such serious problem. Modern
ideas and changes In the methods OF
living, however, have brought about
shortage IN the supply Of farm labor.
This shortage IL very pronounced.
especially In the huslsing season. when
extra help Ii needed. For this reason.
farmers are more than ever In need
Of a machine which will husk the corn
from the standing stalks--a machine
which will do the work Of several
men.
Heretofore, about an acre was con-
sidsred an average days work for one
man. A corn picker, however. will
husk several times this number OF
acres. A corn picker WILL however.
not only DO the work Of several man.
but 1t will deliver the ear corn to the
wagon in much better condition than
Ia done ordinarily whom huskinE by
hand.
The corn picker IL not the inspira-
ton Of q minute. It Ia the work Of
years. While necessity was the mother
Of it's invention, yet It was hard work
that overcame tho difficulties that con-
fronted the designers Of this machine.
One by ono these difficulties have been
overcome. and the machine ID, now
perfected 10 that 1t doer very high
class Of work.
The description Of corn picker by
an expert followsi
"Corn pickers arc constructed much
on tho same plan a. the corn binder
Like the corn binder. they take care OF
. single row of corn at a time. AS q
whole. tho machine is comparatively
simple. Long, projecting gatherer
arms extend forward and on each aide
Of tho row.
these arms can be adjusted 80 that
the points will run very close to the
ground. or higher, as the field con-
ditions require. When operating in
the fields which are badly lodged or
tangled, the points Of the arms must
be run very close to the ground in
order to pick up stalks that are badly
down, or lodged or tangled.
when the corn stands reasonably
straight, however. it is not necessary
to lower the arms.
'In order to pick up and hold. the
stalks firmly until the swapping rolls
! have broken the ear from the stalk
the gatherer arms are equipped with
chains which are provided with Ions
steel fingers.
"As the machine moves along the
points Of the arms raise the down and
tangled stalks, and the fingers Of the
chain grasp them and hold the stalks
firmly, until they have been forced
between the snappping rolls.
''These rolls are especially con-
struoted and are placed at such an
angle that the ear-corn gravitates to
the elevator. at the side which carries
1t to the husking rolls proper.
"These rolls remove the remaining
husk and the silk. Gravitation car
ries the corn to the ear-corn elevator,
which delivers 1t to the wagon which
Is driven alongside the machine. :
1.-THE capacity Of the machine ia do
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11

Is have been acted on favorably, but
are awaiting signature to and regis
tration Of mortgage. and 10 are in the
hands of various provincial boards for
appraisement Of the value of the Sc
curity offered. = =.
About year ago the bank COM
municated with the provincial officials
throughout the islands with a view
to obtaining Information as to why
requests for loans were not more
numerous, and the replies received
were. without exception, to the effect
that the people possessed neither
royal nor Torrens titles and that the
requirements for securing good titles
were so complicated and expensive
that the people would not attem pr
to secure them. Recently, however, a
system has been inaugurated by the
Government to aid the people In ac-
curing Torrens titles. but the system
has not been in effect sufficiently long
to show any appreciate results.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11

that the corn can be husies6 slightly.
earlier with the machine than by
hand. .,.A,. .qssf 7.9 $sS s3a.g5 i ~,
This leaves the stalks IN better con-
dition for early feeding puSposea,
Therefore. when cattle arc turned In
to the field after the ears hsye been
husked by the machine, thars q more
nutrition left in the leaves and stalks.
and the cattle feed them down bsttSs
than would be the case Il they wore
badly withered with dust. N
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11
KEEP SEED POTATOES cool,
BY VIM. n. Underwood. ulinoi.

~ WIN H. OnOekWOO0, Illinois.
Potatoes intended for seed should
pc Kept hard and plump during the
winter. and this can bs done only by
Keeping them 10 cool that they will
not sprout.
When potatoes sprout they take
part OF the starch that Is stored up
in them and manufacture it into living
cells. This energy Ia all wasted for
The sprouts have to be pulled of.
Some farmers make 1t point to
''sprout" their potatoes once or twice
during, the winter, this being done to
prevent their growing. But the
amount of energy thus lost is consid-
erable and the loss increases as the
winter draws to q close.
raise potatoes In large quantities,
and each year place them in cold
storage. prefer to pay the expense
are kept in perfectly plump state,
father than to keep them in = room
With q high temperature. a. 10 done
by some.
In the spring the potatoes come out
Of the cold storage house in perfect
condition. and It takes but few weeks
TOR them to develop strong sprouts
hat rise out Of the soil and develop
,tron; talks and leaves. =
Many farmers have not the oppor-
unity to put their potatoes in cold
storage houses, but they should en-
1eavor to keep their potatoes at a
very low temperature. The nearer
IS degrees potatoes are kept. the
otter. . r.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11
TROUGH FOR FEEDING SHEEP.

Use 2x4s. four feet long, for corner
posts. These are set two feet apart,
and q four-inch trough Is built one
foot from the ground, using two H.
inch boards for the bottom of the
trough. - ..ai &
At the top Of the rack on the end
q 12-inch board .is sawed to a bevel
and nailed. as shown. "A 12-inch board
IL then nailed along this bevel on
either side at the top of the rack.
This gives a wide space to put in
the hay. etc.. SO 1t will feed down
gradually. Below this IL nailed g.
inch fence-board.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11

to the cows and barns on the farms.
Agents were sent out to the country to
persuade farmers to abolish their un-
clean ana unsanitary barns and milk.
houses and build new ones on modern
lines. ..ss. .. .-' r9e
The results have been most salts
factory. Farmers have taken kindly
to the suggestion and while 1t nrst
many Of them resented the interior
ence Of the inspectors. they quickly
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11

TO keep plows fro rusting; TO
three pounds OF tallow mix one pound
Of white lead. Melt tho tallow IN an
old iron pot; stir in the white lead.
When using, heat the mixture and ap-
ply II with an old paint brush, In the
spring just put tho pillow In tho ground.
This will clean the moidboard %
bright In . few yards ~ Il was hsfors,
The same applies to any farm tool
ussd fog cultivation.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11

After Z number OF babies in one Of
1udiana's largest cities had died from
tho effects Of impure milk. the people
Of that city determined to improve the
conditions by 4 we'll organized cam
pa1gn Of education. The city council
passed quick ordinances regarding In
spection. not only Of the milk deliv-
cred by the dairymen to tho dealers.
and by the dealers to consume rs, but
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11
RESULTS OF 4 PURE Milk CAMPAIGN

the laws and produced clean milk.
they were unable to sell their output.
Now new barns with cement floors and
whitswasted inside walls. we'll vsntil-
ated and modern In every way, are
rapidly taking tho place Of tho dirty.
germ Allied. ramshackls old buildings
that formerly did duty for dairy barns.
Every city In every state should fol-
low tho example Of this Indiana CITY,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11
A HANDY DIAGRAM.

Where different varieties Of apples
are stored together In the same pit. or.
II several sorts Of vegetables are buried
together, we keep diagram OF the
pit, something like this:
Ben Jonathan. Willow Pippin.
Davis. Twig.
BY this plan when fruit 10 wanted
in the winter, one may now exactly
what part of the pit to open to secure
the varieties desired.-M. Coverdoll.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11

order to lap enough for mailing to tho
top Of the trough and the bottom Of
the 6-inch board near the top of the
rack. The stats should be set about
eight inches apart.
This gives each sheep fourteen inches
Of feeding space, and thirty sheep can
feed at a 16-foot trough. The trough
can be used for feeding either grain
or roughage.-W. H. Underwood.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11

In cleaning the separator DO sure
and see that the parts are dried rap
idly so they will not rust; still the
drying should not be done with .
cloth, as much lint will be left and on
this will be large number OF bao-
terra. Boiling water will cause tho
parts to dry rapidly and evenly and
will be death to many Of the bacteria.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11
THIS WILL SAVE THE FEATHERS,

Picking poultry Is not a pleasant Job
at best, and particularly On q windy
day. Even in a closed room feathers
are apt to fly about and are dincult
to gather up. .4
We once saw Virginia woman
picking geese. and she had beside her
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11

Do every possible thing to prevent
dust in the COW stable. Sprinkle land
plaster over the floor after cleaning
he COW stable. It will absorb all
liquids and preserve boards.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11

What lot OF strength there Il
wasted chopping with dull axes.
Spend few minutes at the grindstons
and see how nicely the world will 60
after that.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11

In order to do neat and rapid work
It hos-killing time. It II nscessary to
have Z good scrapsr. sticking knife.
hog hook and . place that Is convsn-
lent for working.
For scalding. . barrel IN commonly
used. and It II all that n needed unless
the hogs are very large. II very large
hogs are killed, scalding tub WILL
answer tho purpose for scalding much
better than q barrel. .~.g xs.
have ono which 10 made OF two
inch planks for the sides and ends.
and sheet iron, for the bottom. It ID
six feet long and three and one-half
feet wide. with depth Of two and
one-haK feet. u
Two hooks are fastened near the
top on ono side. with pair Of trace
chains to run under tho hog. to facll-
itate tho turning and withdrawn
from the tub. ..r. q I'D.
It u placed over 4 furnace, which
Is made by digging = trench In the
ground. and when In use place pieces
Of wood across the bottom, In order
TO keep tho hog from coming in con-
tact with the iron bottom and getting
too hot. ,....
find that tho proper temperature
for good scalding II from 40 to 100
degrees, and II = barrel 10 to BE- used
the water should be boiling whom
dipped out Of the kettle. ~ the barrel
will cool It some.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11

Nothing is superior for milk and
cream to earthen ware which can be
purchased at the country store at
from eight to ten cents per gallon
measure. s-... -..
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11
HE KNEW THE TRICKS.

A Nebraska farmer turned his trick
horse into the pasture one night, and
the animal was stolen before morning.
A week later while walking along the
streets Of Omaha, he recognized the
horse, which proved the case OF his
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11

The best milk pals to use are the
common enameled ones which have
become so cheap in the past few years
that they are within the reach of all.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11

:. liberal banking of sheds on the
aorth side will prove a boon to the
ows when the cold weather comes,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11

Dairyins has crowded out sheep
raising IN Australia. The Australian
butter 10 IN GOOD demand In Europe.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11

|. An experiment station says that tho
closer draught horse Is to tho ground
tho better both for service and on
DURANGO.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11

, Some cornstalks may DO fed 20 sne
porkers every day. Tney =
and do tho hogs good.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11

The man who likes his Job Will
ucceed. The man who likes the other
mans Job will never succeed.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11

owner in court, by shaking hands
with his right foot, kneelins and
prancinS on his hind feet. The court
adjourned to the street to witness tho
performances, and after turning tho
horse over to his owner, sent the man
who was driving him to Jail.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11

The American farmers wife haas
reason to be glad that she u not a
European farmers wife.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-11-11

Min utensils should be made Of
metal ana have all joints perfectly and
smoothly soldsTed, 10 4 rule laid down
In q dairy tar