davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Omaha daily bee., 1911-12-30

Florence L. Barclay, 426 Pp u.s5. G. p.
Putnam's Sons.
A love story which turns upon a
Christmas sermon. Proud. wilfuI Diana
Rivers. the possessor of wealth as well
as OF beauty. heard. and-thouEh un-
cOnsciously-soul went out TO soul. The
story is told with a wealth OF sentiment
and romance until the climax is reached
and the reader turns back 10 dwell again
In the wonderful reairn which the author
has created.
THE MARRIAGE PORTION. BY III. A.
Mitchell keays. "A PIP. SIS. Small May
nard q co.
rhe author lays the scene OF this
story In modern university city and
portrays the life there outspokeniy and
with an unsDaring. but just. understand
Inc. The interplay OF interests in a uni
versity community is alertly realized in
the development OF the plot.
REBELLION. by Joseph Msdil Pat
terson. so Pp. n.2S Reilly hritton
company.
This story has for its theme the ques-
tlon Of divorce. Georgia Conner Is mar
rled to a druniard and at the opening
OF the story has iert him and Is support
ing herself as a stenOsrapher. She End
a young man in the office where STE
works fall in love with one another. but
Georgia and her family are Catholics
ana DO not believe in divorce. She Is
persuaded to SO back 70 her husband. bat
leaves him again after the death OF ner
child. and when Mason stevens passes
through Chicago there is a conversation
in which the arguments OF the priest are
overcome.
CAPTAIN WARRRN'S WARDS. BY
ton 4 CO.
A wholesome story OF a shrewd. rugged
Omaha daily bee., 1911-12-30

THn FoLIowrNo oF Tnn srAR By
Omaha daily bee., 1911-12-30

CANDY SPECIAL Two-pound boxes of
the choicest chocolates at, per box, $1.OO
Omaha daily bee., 1911-12-30

.G0TTERDAMMERUNG. BY Oliver
Huckel. iOl Pp. Is cents. Thomas Y.
Crowell company.
This Is the story OF wagner's music
drama retold in English verse and con
Germs the wiles praeticed against Sieg-
fried and Brunnhtida by Hagen, Gutrun
and Gutrune. the death OF the hero. the
recovery of the magic ring by the Rhine.
the fall Of vslhana ana the coming Of the
twilight OF the gods
Omaha daily bee., 1911-12-30
New Books

Fiction.
JENNIE GERHARDT. BY Theodore
DRESSER. tsl PIP sl.& Harper & Bros.
The author shows Woman's heart In
the midst Of a broad picture of modern
life which IL fan ot contrasts and OF
vivid characteristics life Of rich and
poor. the Factory and the magnRte. the
social butterfly aud the drudge. the
stern fanatic and the eplcurean. II is
not only Jennie who lives with us. but
also her broudinE father and contrasting
types os men and women following out a
mysterious destiny. fhe book does not
preach moral, but makes one felt--a
moral dealing with questions actively in
our minds today
Omaha daily bee., 1911-12-30

Crockett, now published for the first time,
is taken from the Chapman painting re-
Gently unveiled in the Alamo. The author,
Mr.. Allen, though a business man and
banker in Denver, is associate editor Of
sports Afield. Chicago, and has written
much about western life. Knowing 1t by
living in 1t and by study of the lives Of
those who blazed the paths OF civiliza-
tion through the wilderness, he fashions
an appropriate setting for the adventures
heroic deed and admirable traits OF one
OF the noblest characters OF frontier his
tory.
Omaha daily bee., 1911-12-30

ways and honest ideas with the sordid
superficialities OF high society life in the
big city.
ToDDIE. BY Gilbert Watson. S0l Pp
Sl.2c The Century company,
The story of Toddie. caddie at ST. An
drew's. Scotland, and his bachelor major
and OF how the two OF them came to be
lovers instead of women haters. A rare
blend OF laughter and tears, rich in wit
and sentiment Bob Is in It, tooS and Bob
Is dog worth knowing
Omaha daily bee., 1911-12-30

ECHOES FROM EDEN. BY Harriet
Emma Wood. 4O6 PIP. $3.50. The John Ct
Winston company
The author has given us a new view
of the creation. The subject is treated
In a manner to interest students OF
biblical history and written in style
attractive to the general reader.
Omaha daily bee., 1911-12-30

CAPTAIN wARREN's WARDS. BY
Joseph c, lincoln. $50 Pp. N-S0, Apple
ton 4 CO.
A wholesome story OF a shrewd. rugged
old Cape Colder. who n brought 10 New
York BY chance 20 be the guardian OF a
wealthy boy and Eirl n contrasts. with
telling effect. his homely but genuine
Omaha daily bee., 1911-12-30

KANSAS IL THE SIXTIES. BY samuel
}. Crawford El Fp. - a. e.. AeCiarE
4 co
Governor CraWford's book of recoIlec.
lions covers HE ioHg life spent in Kansas
la the services Of that state, and hts ex-
aiuux experiences a. an officer In the
union army IN the operations west % the
Mississippi The period duTing which she
author vas war governor a Kansas
vts ueaa famQus hy the Indian parE.
Omaha daily bee., 1911-12-30
WELCOME 10 THE NEW YEAR
All Omaha is Preparing for a Grand
Celebration.
BIG PARTY an COUNTRY CLUB
Hany other Paroles Beiag Arraa Eed
TO watch Ont the ola Year
Celebration az the
Osaahn CIsb.

Omaha is preparing TO properly eele-
braied kha eve Of the New Year.
Wherever possible business activities wtl
be suspended New Years day and gay
parties win gather 81 homes and at clubs
10 watch the old year out and the new
year AN kdJ9lployVs OF many wholesale
and retan houses viii be given a vacation.
A few stores will keep open throughout
tho day ana street railway ana telephone
employees will remain at work. but the
majority OF the elty's population wrl
join IN the general observation OF the
holiday.
Churches win hold fitlIng services sun
day ana the various ministers will preach
sermons appropriate TO The occasion.
Theaters win provide entertainment. good
bills having been announced az all OF
them.
There VIII BE- no decrease la the mum
ber of resolution makers. nor will the
supply OF firm resolves be diminished.
Water wagon clubs are already taking
thape With large initial enroilments
Numerous entertainments viii be hsld
New Years nigst. The Omaha club wii,
bold open house and other fraternal or
Henizauons have arranged programs OF
Pleasure Tor the evening.
\. ". &. 4. Reception.
There VIII be- an informal reception al
the Young Mems Christian association
&ew Years day from O'Clock until b
oclock Ia tiA evening. All friends az
Ell az members are invited. There will
b. no regular cafe and cafeteria ineals
Nereed and the building Wili not be omen
pntn o'clock .. m. Music win be
played ana sung and refreshments will be
served during the reception.
Tho Omaha Country club members viii
ave q rolslrH New Years celebration al
the club beginning with a strnsed or
hsHtra musical program from 9;so 20 n
clock sunday evening. following with
supper frosn ~ clock 90 midnight Fr0n
i- 10 2,a9 o'clock they viii dance IN th,.
pew year 1914 Many Of the partic,pants
tre planning 30 make a complete night
nd mornlng % Il. ending the celebra-
1ion with bseakfasi parties In the homes
ana % the 0theT clubs
THIS - the FIRST time the Country club
has hailed q new year a. ita ciuh
bouse Tor this is ths nrst season that h
has been . winter as well a. q summer
elub. LaNrenos Brinksr and Frank Col
4'etser have the affair IA charge Aboui
81 reservations have been received
Persistent AdVortIrinr L. ths Road a,
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1911-04-14
CONDENSED STATEMENT

Showing. the condition OF the Changers
Mutual Storm Insurance Co., of Carroll
Co., Md, December S1st, 1919.
Total income during
the year. ......... ............. y 100
Total Disbursements
during the year. $1,S64s3
ASSETS.
Cash i'm Office and in
Banks and Trust Com
panies .....,.. ....... 4917
Cash in hands OF direc-
tors and surveyors 800
Premium notes. SEQ, saSe5 80
gross AsSels. .......... .-........ RI.I2
LIABILITIES.
Salaries. Rents, Expenses,
Amount mount at RISK ;i;''ii in 'o'oo
United States Decem-
Der 81, 1870. ..... S53 293O1
Risks written In Mary
land during $780,. SIS, 293O1
Premiums on Maryland
Business in 1910..... 52077
s-- State of Maryland.
Office of the State Insurance Department
Baltimore February g. 1911
! hereby certify That the above is u true
abstract taken from the Annual Statement
Of the Changers Mutual Storm Insurance
Co.. for the year ending December 81
1910, now on file in this Department.
EMERSON G. HARRINGTON.
Insurance Commissioner
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1911-04-14
A Fish Story.

Peter Swanson, OF Vancouver, Wash
ington, has returned from a trip to
his home in Sweden, bringing a re
markable fish story.
Swanson was fishing one day in a
lake near his home and had spent sew
eral hours in an endeavor to land a
fish, but the fish would not bite. a
bout o'clock in the afternoon he
changed trolling spoons, but in doing
90 he dropped $40 United States
gold piece into the water. He fiShed a
while longer without result.
The following day, with friend, he
went fishing again and succeeded In
landing a pickerel 20 inches long, be-
sides several smaller fish. On his re
turn to the village the women asked
to clean the fish, but Swanson, who
had lived in America 20 years, remon-
strated and said, TN the United
States the men clean the fish,
"Oh, will you r. asked the chorus.
Certainly, and he proceeded to cut
open the big pickerel, with 80 persons
watching. To his surprise when he
cut into the fish he found several
coins. Among them were $40 gold
piece Of American coinage, and %
cents in Swedish money. There were
five coins in all-the gold piece, a
coin corresponding to United States
quarter dollar and three cents similar
to United States penny.
Well, that does beat all-here 7
caught the fish, got my money back
and the interest on it. In less than
a day / made 28 cents interest Off $10,"
said Mr.. Swanson when he recovered
from his establishment.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1911-04-14
.rrFALO BILL 10 RETIRE.
- interesting Features WIN be
Presented.

-,5orahIe interest has been
Con ad n this vicinity through the
aroanced appearance OF Buffalo
snnoWiId West and Pawnee Bills
~ East at Baltimore, Md, April 10
and 90 co5v 80 original So
- aRnralo BILL travels with the
onl' evhibition and positively appears
~ oServ performance, rain or shine,
y tbis will be his farewell appear
n nv IN this section as he Is soon to
aatire Arrangements have been
10 with the railroad officials to run
lnxcursions at special rates from the
tnrious stations along the line and
ware will be special provisions for
the accommodation OF those who wish
- visit the exhibition. TO the small
~ and grown-up Buffalo Bill" will
W. ne chief attraction, for his fame is
81 dimmed by the years which have
n ac since he helped write the
story of the West through his heroic
daeds. One of the principal contests
~ the red men, fri which he took ac-
tive mart. will be pictured in the open
IL melodrama. The Battle Of Sum-
NIT Springs, an engagement In mini
AZURE, introducing more than a hun
dred Indians and an many cavalry
men and soldiers. Contrasted with
this scene will be an Oriental specta-
cIe which will picture the gorgeous
beauties Of the Far East,its pageantry
ana people, its pleasures and pas
times, and it's strange costumes and
customs. Turning again to American
history, there will be an Attack up
on an Emigrant Train and A Holiday
at TIE" Ranch. Rossi's Musical
Elephants will be a particular feature
of the Far East scene, and as an in
diyidual feature OF the Wild West sec
ton of the exhibition, Ray Thompson's
Trained Western Range Horses will
be shown in feats or grave and equine
skill. Sharpshooting by Johnny Baker
will be a particularly attractive fea-
ture, and bunch OF bucking bronchos
will furnish the principal comedy ele-
ment of a truly exhilarating and
strenuous exhibition.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1911-04-14

G TATEMENT OF the Hanover Fire
~ Insurance Company Of New
York to December 81, 1910.
Capital 81 900, 900
Total Admitted Assets. -. 4,820,678
Total Liabilities. .......... 2,532,599
Surplus Observation-Disclosures. 1,2S8,O79
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1911-04-14

Baltimore e Ohio engine No 1900,
which went over the mountain side on
the 17-mile grade west OF Piedmont
and rolled 300 feet, has just been re
covered. Three cranes were working
on it four days. Before the long haul
could be made big trees had to be re
moved and large rocks dynamited to
clear path, and even then the cables
were not SO effective as usual on &C
count OF the extreme length. The en-
CINE was stripped or all its gearing
and now looks like tank car.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1911-04-14
Never Cut Hair After war.

Baltimore, Md.-John Adams, con-
federate veteran, so years old. who
died recently at the Confederate Home
at Pikesville, served through the civil
war. When Lee surrendered at APP
pomattox Adams made vow that ne
would never again have his hair cut,
and he never did.
His hair extended FAR Idown@E his
back. AS he grew old much OF it fell
out, and to preserve what remained
he rolled 1t into ringlets- IT was put
ND in curl papers every night before
he retired.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1911-04-14
CONDENSED STATEMENT

Showing the condition OF the Taneytown
Mutual Fire Insurance Company OF Car
roll County, TaneytoWn, Md, December
31st, 1910.
Total Income during
Total Disbursements
during the year.. 1O45. Is
ASSETS.
Office Furniture ......... 123.4O
Premium notes. .$100451O0
Amount at Risk In
United States Deem
Der 81, 1910....... 965, 1880
Risks written In Mary
land during 1910.. 114,2SS50
Premiums on Maryland
business in 1910.... 2TO9S
Losses paid in Maryland
in 1910. 49,. ...... $500
Losses incurred In
Maryland in 1910.... $500
State OF Maryland.
Office OF the State Insurance Department.
Baltimore, February 9, 1910
i hereby certify That the above is a true
abstract; taken from the Annual Statement
OF the Taneytown Mutual Fire Insurance
Co., for the year ending December 81. 1910,
now on file In this Department
EMERSON @. HARRINGTON.
insurance Commissioner.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1911-04-14
DUBLIC SALE.
One Conductor Helped BACK 70 work

MIR. MILFORD Adams in his name and he writes:
4 WINS confined to my bed with chronic rheuma-
tism and used two bottles of Foley's Kidney Rem
edy with good effect. The third bottle put me on
my feet and resumed work as conductor On the
Lexington. KY. Street Railway. Tx will do NIL you
claim In cases or rheumatism" II clears the blood
% uric acid. For sale by Shaw Drug Co
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1911-04-14

Total income during
the year ..................s.+..$ $40 094.4
Total Disbursements
during the year. 20.161.24
Cash in Office and in
Banks and Trust Com
Cash i'm hands OF Direc-
tors and Surveyors. 1884
Unpaid Assessments 90. 5000
Office Building and Fur
Premium notes. s55i.ossa.T ~
Gross Assets. ........... 49,. 1411.s4
LIABILITIES.
Salaries, Rents, Expenses, Etc. 1,O55.OO
Amount at Risk in
Der 81, 1910. 6.4S2. 094.O0
Risks written in Mary
Land during 1910. .2S5.200.0O
Premiums on Maryland
Business in 1910. 1874
Losses paid in Maryland -
Losses incurred in
Maryland i'm 1910.. .S27.96
State Of Maryland
Office Of the State Insurance Department
Baltimore, January SO, 1911.
/ hereby certify That the above is a true
abstract, taken from the Annual Statement
Of the Farmers Mutual Fire Insurance Co.,
OF Dug Hill, for the year ending December
81, 1910, now on file in this Department.
EMERSON @. HARRINGTON.
Insurance Commissioner
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1911-04-14
MO. 1891 EQUITY.

In the Circuit Court for Carroll County
Frank !. Lewis, Assignee Of Mortgage,
w. Fannie Cohen and Morris Cohen,
her husband, Mortgagors.
Ordered this 5th day of April, 1911,
by the Circuit Court for Carroll county,
sitting as a Court Of Equity, that the
sale OF the property, mentioned in these
proceedings made and reported by
Frank I. Lewis, Assignee OF mortga-
gee, be ratified and confirmed, unless
cause to the contrary thereof be shown
onor before the 8th day OF May. next;
provided copy OF this order be in
serted i'm some newspaper published in
Carroll county, once in three successive
weeks before the 1st day OF May. next.
The report states the amount of sale
to be $755.00.
OSCAR d. GILBERT,
Clerk.
True Copy; Test:
OSCAR ID. GILBERT,
arr 7-3t Clerk.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1911-04-14

I'D r. Bennett, of Sykesville, has
A. Just gotten in y big supply or
high-grade buggies that he will sell very
low to make room for "a car load OK
\ Champion Binders and Mowers.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1911-04-14

Total Income during
Total Disbursements 'T--'O>''--'
during the year............... 25,21S.47
ASSETS.
Real Estate owned by
Bo SSd9p amy Stocks Stocks owned sii: 0OoOOo
81 Company III. 6O,173.O0
Cash in Office and in
Banksa and Trust Com
panles ........ s..... SS-S1
Office Fixtures. ..... $4,000
Premium notes. s436, 22600
Gross Assets. ...... ......... s5.5Os.37
LIABILITIES.
paid (net) ........ ......... 100000
Amount az Risk in
United IN 4 i States Deee 4R4 7ea %
Risks. written in Mary
Premiums on Maryland
Losses paid in Maryland ,-oos
Maryland in 1910.. 3,4T396
State Of MARYLAND.
Office Of the State Insurance Department
Baltimore. February fl, 1911.
/ hereby certify That the above is true
abstract, taken from the Annual Statement
the Mutual Fire Insurance Co., Of Carroll
county for the year ending December 81,
1910, now on file in this Department
EMERSON G. HARRINGTON,
Insurance. C0mmfScJnnnr
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1911-04-14
NOTICE TO CREDITORS.

This ID to give notice that the sub
scriber has obtained from the Or
phans' Court Of Carroll county, in
Maryland, letters of administration ON
the Personal Estate Of
DOROTHY SITTIG,
late of Carroll county, deceased. All
persons having claims against the de
n@@Sed are hereby warned to exhibit the
@@Fna, with 9he vouchers thereof legally
mHthFhtfeat@G,d TO the subscriber, on or
before flie Slst day OF October, 1911;
tMSy may otherwise by law be excluded
from mIl benefit 69 said estate.
Given under my hand this 18th day Of
March, 19il.s#l~%
CALVIN z. BANKERT,
mar 81 At Administrator.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1911-04-14
OLEYSKIDNEYPNIS
FoR 6aGKAeAE kI1AEYs AsD BLAYpEG
For Sale BY SHAW DRUG COMPANY
LEGAL NOTICES
W. ICENsE NOTICE.

ICENSE NOTICE.
Notice il hereby given to all persons
and bodies, corporate or polite, to whom
it may concern, that they
MUST OBTAIN A LICENSE,
or renew the same, on or before the
FIRST DAY OF MAY, 1911,
according to the provisions Of the Code
of Public Laws Of the State Of Mary
land.
BENJAMIN ID. KEMPER,
ap74t Sheriff Of Carroll county, Md.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1911-04-14
PROPERTY FOR SALE.
-TNUBLIC SALE.

The undersigned, will sell at public
sale, on Sunny Side Farm, at Dennings,
Md. on
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1911-04-14
CONDENSED STATEMENT

Showing the conditiin OF the Mutual Fire Insur-
ance Co.. Of Carroll County, Westminster,
Nd, December 31St, 1910.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1911-04-14
THE SOUND SLEEP or GOOD HEALTH

HE SUUNU SLEEP Vt uUUD nEALLHs
Can not be over estimated and any ailment thxl
prevents IL il menace to health. J. J.. Southers.
Eau Claire. Wis. says: + have been unable to
sleep soundly nights because OF pains across my
back and soreness of my kidneys My appetite
was very poor and my general condition was much
run down. have been taking Foley's Kidney Pills
but short time and now sleep ms sound as a rock.
my general condition is greatly improved. and
know that Foley Kidney Pills have cured me n
For sale by Shaw Drug Co.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-05-06
MILLIONAIRE TRAMP TO AID
IN DEFENSE OF M'NAMARAs

career IN America have been sDort
beulud the walls Of prisons Ia his
- years OF travel he has spent. he
states bur Sl.25 in car fare. lie states
ne is delegate 10 the international
prison congress which convenes I'm
London. and viii leave for that CITY
AFTER nus trip 90 California.
The doctor states that when no vyas
am infant be- was hung on the door of
congressman fierdman. head of tho
Danish Parliament. who is nov, 20
years OF age. His foster father sonf
MIN To- the Copenhagen un.vcrsitv.
where Doe graduated with bis above
titles.
Coming CO. America Z. ,o.r. .
Doc decided to enter the role Of A
millionaire tramp ANA
through tre country in tho fr.....,
OF hlS i"l'ovmcn. BE rides the
bumpers from town to town. comm.
here from Cambridge. Ohio. tn.
millionaire tramp" carries MANY
press notices from the large metro.
poi''n papers "ho have interviewed
him.
Uddcr BIAS travelled with lark
London aud Emma Golden. the auar.
chi-t queen. He dcuouuccs auarch1
bur is 20 strong uploldor OF labor
unions. To- Wisconsin Lo has cFtab.
ished four homes for tramus where
ihe knights of fho road can get three
square meals 90 day
Iie states That he was dcportcd
from Colorado with HAYWOOD and
other labor leaders during the
strikes. BE- praised Roosevelt for
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-05-06
MoundsNiII. Rri.fs-

Boys-The only way to get the
dying machine is to buy Royal Blue
Flour. One aeroplane in each sack.
DIR. p. +. Rhoads and J. c. Bardall
arrived last evening at their homes
I'm the city from Parkersburg. where
they attended the state Sunday school
convention held I'm that city.
Read the West Va. optical Co.'S an
nouncement on Page ,. to-day's issue
5. II. Hopkins left yesterday for
Rosbys Rock. where he will spend a
few days as the guest OF relatives.
Word was received here yesterday
from Springfield. o.. stating that Mrs.
II. r. Obenauf. who has been severely
III at that place for the past few days.
is now improving nicely.
Mrs. G. W. Evans. who has been
spending the week at Cameron as the
guest Of her grandchildren, returned
last evening to her home on Fifth
street
Mr.. f. d. Buzzard. OF Purdy avenue.
underwent an operation at the Glen
dale hospital yesterday morning. and
last evening was recovering in the
most satisfactory manner.
Mrs. d. +. Rhoads returned last
evening to her home in the city from
Granbrier. where she spent the week
as the guest Of relatives and friends.
Mr.. and Mrs. James r. Baker have
returned to their home on Morton ave-
nue. from the Sunday school convent
ion at Parkersburg.
Miss Rose Kennedy OF Fairmont. Is
spending a few days in the city as the
guest OF Miss Rosanna Mailman OF
Second street.
Mrs. William RAIDER has returned to
her home in the city from a three
months business trip to Waynesburg
and washington. Pa. Mrs. RAIDER Is
engaged in instructing and appointing
agents for a toilet company.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-05-06

his stand on the labor question In
his recent article in the outlook. in
which the former President spoke OF
the 4cNamara case. Ridder de-
nouncrd the methods which were
used 10 take the Mcnamara brothers
out OF Illinois. and stated that they
would be acquitted. He is a personal
friend OF both brothers. and an
nounces that he will make public ad-
dresses through California until az
ter the trial. He intends giving ad-
dresses in this city at one OF the
theatres tonight and Sunday. Before
his departure for Europe he will
make an address in New York on
the sweat shops" and states that
Mayor Gaynor will introduce MIN.