The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1911-12-07

hAo H. ibis 10 ocsioboiy
untrue. BY It's Judgment every con-
tract and combination In restraint OF
interstate trade made with the purpose
or necessary effect OF controlling prices
by sitting competition. or of establish
ing in whole or In part monopoly OF
such trade, is condemned by the stat
ute. The most extreme critics cannot
instance a case that ought to be con-
demned under the statute which is not
brought within it's terms as thus con-
strued.
The suggestion is also made that the
Supreme court by its decision In the
last two cases has committed to the
court the underlined and unlimited dis
erection to determine whether a case
OF restraint OF trade is within the
terms of the statute. This Is wholly
untrue. A reasonable restraint OF
trade at common law Is well under
stood and is clearly defined. II does
not rest in the discretion CT the court.
1t must be limited to accomplish the
purpose of lawful main contract to
which, in order that it shall be en-
forceable at all, it must be incidental,
II 1t exceeds the needs Of that contract
1t is void.
The test of reasonableness was
never applied by the court at COM
mon-law to contracts or combinations
or conspiracies in restraint of trade
whose purpose was or whose neces-
sary effect would be to stifle competi.
ton, to control prices, or establish
monopolics. The courts never as
sumed power to say that such con-
tracts or combinations or conspira'
cies might be lawful II the parties to
them were only moderate in the use
of the power thus secured and did
not exact from the public too great
and exorbltant prices. 1t is true
that many theorists, and others en-
gagged in business violating the
statue, have hoped that some such
line could be drawn by courts: but
no court Of authority has ever at.
tempted It. Certainly there Is moth
ms III bllt utIlhlOHS vi lIt ldAtSL WV
cases which should be dangerous
theory of judicial discretion in en-.
forcing this statue can derive the
slightest sanction.
Force and Effectiveness Of Statute
Matter Of Growth.
We have been twenty.one years
etn 90 ho
purposes for which it was enacted.
The knight case was discouraging
and seemed to remit to the states the
whole available power to attack and
suppress the evils of the trusts
Slowly, however, the errors of that
judgment was corrected, and only in
the last three or four years has the
heavy hand Of the law been laid upon
the great Illegal combinations that
have exercised such an absolute do
minion over many of our industries
Criminal prosecutions have been
brought and number are pending
but juries have felt averse to convict
ing for Jail sentences, and judges have
bteii Hont l'luttdul " iinpOSe autH Seu-
fences on men of respectable standing
in society whose offense has been
regarded az merely statutory. Still
as the offense becomes better under
stood and the committing of It par
takes more Of studied and deliberate
defiance OF the law. we can be conf
dent that juries will convict indlvid-
uals and that Jail sentences will be
imposed.
The Remedy In Equity by Dissolution.
In the Standard Oil case the SUI
preme and circuit courts found the
combination to be a monopoly of the
interstate business of refining, trans.
porting, and marketing petroleum and
It's products. effected and maintained
through thirty.seven different cor
poratioGs, the stock of which was
held by a New Jersey company. II
in effect commanded the dissolution
Of this combination. directed the
transfer and pro-rata distribution by
the New Jersey company of the
stock held by 1t in the thirty-seven
corporations to and among its stock
holders, and the corporations and In.
dividual defendants were enioined
from conspirlng or combining to re.
store such monopoly: and all agree
ments between the subsidiary corpor.
atoms tending to produce or bring
about further violations Of the act
were enjoined
In the Tobacco case, the court
found that the individual defendants,
Twenty-Five in number, had been en-.
gagged in n successful effort to nc.
quire complete dominion over the
manufacture, sale, and distribution of
tobacco in this country and abroad
and that this had been done by com.
binations made with purpose and
effect to stIfle competition control
prices. and establish monopoly. not
only in the manufacture OF tobacco
but also OF tln-foil and lcorice used
In its manufacture and Of It's products
Of cigars, cigarettes. and snuffs The
tobacco suit presented far more
complicated and difficult case than
the Standard Oil suit for a decree
which would effectuate the will Of the
court and end the violation OF the
statute There was here no single
holding company as In the case of
the Standard Oil trust. The main
company was the American Tobacco
company, a manufacturing, selling,
and holding company The plan
adopted 70 destroy the combination
and restore competition involved the
redivision of the capital and planta
Of the whole trust between some of
the companies constituting the trust
and n a II loo Il. a