davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10
FARM AND
ROAD
IMPROVEMENT
49, 1aAG(SHs
s8as~@S G4a9sA
KY "a
CARRIER TO HANDLE MANURE
Farmers VIII Find Them of Great
Convenience In Many Ways-Not
Hard to Construct.
fRy Anton MaRner.l

(By Anton Wagner)
Farmers will find a manure and lit.
ter carrier great convenience. 1t
consists of small wire rope elevat-
ed to any distance desired, and of
any length, the outer end being plac-
ed over pole and then firmly staked
to the ground.
The supporting pole ought to be
braced on three sides to prevent IL
from swaying. The box may be as
large as desired. but the average
size will hold about six bushels.
The end of the track in the barn
should be about foot higher than at
the outside end, so that when the car
is loaded 1t may be pushed out and
run down the incline by its own
weight
A manure spreader may be station
ed under the wire rope. and IL the
box is fastened to the carrier by bolts
through its sides It can be dumped
in a jiffy, and vigorous push will
send 1t back to the barn.
This carrier may be utilized in
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10

and expectations of the great engineer, and
carrying sorrow and want to the homes of
thousands upon thousands of French people
who had contributed their little all toward
forwarding the great enterprise. The nation
was brought to the very verge of revolution.
judicial proceedings were instituted, and trials
were had extending over period of five
years. There was disclosed to the Mortified
world such an orgy of corruption as history
had never before recorded. A hundred French
senators and deputies were accused OF having
taken brides, and the police department was
under the same charge.
Count de Lesseps never recovered from the
shock-and went down to his grave in 1894
only 16 years ago-a broken-hearted old man
but his fame will remain immortal despite
the sad ending of his career.
In 1903 the United States purchased the
interests and belongings of the French com
pany on the Isthmus of Panama, paying there
for the sum of $40,0 ,0O0-the assets consist
ing of valuable surveys, implements of all
kinds, many thousand houses, railroads, land;
and also paid the Republic of Panama $10,-
100000 for the Canal zone-a strip of land in
said Republic of Panama ten miles wide and
practically 30 miles long-extending from Co
lon on the Atlantic side to Panama City on
the Pacific. Through the center of this ten
mile strip the canal is being constructed. At
present there is an army of nearly 10000 men
engaged In the gigantic undertaking Of build.
Ing this great water highway from ocean to
ocean.
The first party Of Americans went to Pana-
in 1904 to begin work, but they found the
country infested with diseases of the most
fatal kinds, and the year 1904 practically
spent in improving health conditions. This
work has been under the supervision of Col.
w. G. Gorgas, and SO effective have been the
methods pursued by him and his able assist
ants in the Canal Zone of the Isthmus OF
Panama that the health conditions OF that
tropical country are about good today as
those of the southern states Of America.
Contrary to the general belief, the United
States is not digging big ditch" across the
lsthmus of Panama. When the canal is fin
ished and ships are steaming across Panama
from the Atlantic to the Pacific, or vice versa
the waters of the two oceans will still be at
least forty miles apart They will never meet
at all. sea-level canal which would have
allowed the waters of the Atlantic and the
Pacific to come together, is not being dug; but
an 85foot lock canal is being constructed AS
to the relative merits of the sealevel and the
lock canal it is not within the province OF this
article to discuss.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10
KARH::::| =!
aai1NOTIF!5S
Every silo user is an enthusiast.

Every silo user Is an enthusiast.
The silo is growing In popularity
year after year.
bitches may be dug in swamps In
the coolest weather.
man should support his family
from his own backyard garden.
Agriculture is the foundation of all
prosperity and live stock is its cor
nerstone.
Explain that your honey is pure.
but never joke about 1t. Do not ar
que about other honey. and never run
It down.
To rot the heavy raw sod and to
sweeten the soil, spread thick coat
OF air-siacked lime to the acre. Stone
lime is best.
Where there is 100 tons of manure
made yearly on a farm a manure
snreader will almost pay foi itself
the first year.
More feed can be stored away In
silo, 1t will be more convenient,
and is easier fed than any other food
used In meat production.
AS regards early" and late" po-
tatoes the experience Of recent years
leads to the decision that It Ia better
to plant all potatoes early.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10
NElRO N1GZIkZ LOGS

The 85-foot lock canal which is being con-
structed consists of a sea-level entrance chan
mel miles long, 500 feet wide and Al feet
deep on the Atlantic side to the foot of Gatun
pronounced "Gatoon") locks On the Pacific
side there is a corresponding sea-level chan
mel to Mirafiores locks, about 8 miles long,
500 feet wide and As feet deep.
At Gatun the 85-foot lake level is obtained
by great dam about mile and half long
and nearly half mile thick at the bottom or
base The dam rests on impermeab material
of sufficient supporting power, and fills the
openings between the hills at Gatun, through
which the Chagres pronounced "Shaggers")
river flows to the sea. This river crosses the
channel of the canal no less than fifteen times
In Its serpentine course and is one of the
most turbulent streams known during high
water though 1t looks peaceful enough during
the dry season. 1t was one of the great OBJ
structions to the possibility of digging a sea.
level canal, but this enemy has been converted
into friend, and will be made to supply the
greater portion of the water for filing the
great artificial lake.
The great Gatun dam-upon the successful
completion of which depends the success of
the canal-consists of a water-tight center OF
core composed of clay and sand mixed In
proper proportions. These materials were
adopted after consultation with the best ex.
perts in the world, who came to the conclusion
that clay and sand were the most impervious
materials that could be used This material
after being properly mixed, is deposited by.
draulically-that is, by being pumped in by
dredges. This center core is confined by
rock wall on each side, the rock so used
being taken from Culebra cut. At the bot
tom this impermeable core of clay and sand
has width of about $50 feet, and gradually
tapers upward until minimum thickness of
400 feet will be had at the water level OF the
lake. The dam will rise to a height of lis
feet, or distance of 80 feet above the level
Of the lake. The artificial ake-which will
be known as Lake Gatun-will cover an area
of 1874 square miles, over lot, 900 acres. The
entire navy of the United States can find safe
anchorage therein.
The greatest obstacle that has stood in the
way of the engineers for the past 500 years
In constructing canal across Panama has
been the mountain range known as the Cor
dilleras-the backbone of the continent 1t
was here that the French people wasted aud
squandered such a great amount of money
that the picture shown above is called Gold
hill'-it being asserted that they spent enough
In their endeavor to cut through the noun
tain at this point that the money used would
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10
II paid to EertlIlzs PRIMARILY.

In certain country In the middle
west rather intensive methods of rails.
ing potatoes are followed in a three
year rotation-one year of grain, one
year of grass and one year of potatoes.
AS much of the land as possible lie
MANFRED at the rate of twelve loads
per acre. and frequently commercial
fertilizers are used at the rate of 500
pounds to the acre. Under these con-
ditions yield of 1862 bushels per acre
has been known on field of 237 acres.
The cost per acre. including seed,
spraying. insecticides, planting. har.
vesting. etc. was but $37.72.
On an adjoining farm of 233 acres,
where the land was unfertilized, the
cost of planting was $26.36 per acre.
The yield was 1877 bushels. The moral
is evident.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10

sist OF two leaves and are massive steel strue-
lures feet thick, IS feet long and from At
to so feet high. Eighty-four leaves will be
required for the entire canal, and their total
weight will be S6,000,000 pounds, and will cost
nearly $6,00O,O0O.
When the canal is completed-which Colonel
George w. Cocktails, who is in charge of the
great work, says will be some time during the
year 1913-hefe is the manner in which yes
sci from the Atlantic side will get to the Pacific
1t will enter the sea-leve channel at Colon and
go distance of seven miles to the foot of Ga.
tun locks; there it will be lifted by means of
these locks height of IS feet above the sea
level to the surface of Gatun lake; the gates
of the lock will be opened and 1t will steam
out on this lake and go a distance of 20 miles
to the beginning of the great Culebra cut, and
carefully proceeding through this cut a dis
lance of nine miles, 1t will check up at Pedro
Miguel locks, where 1t will enter the lock and
be lowered distance of % 1-3 feet to the level
OF Mirafores lake, and then 1t will steam a
distance Of three miles across this lake to
Mirafores locks, where 1t will be lowered by
two flights distance of Sc 2-3 feet to sea
level; and then 1t will enter the Pacific chan.
mel of the canal and go a distance of eight
miles out to deep water of the ocean 1t will
require from ten to twelve hours for a vessel
to make the passage from one ocean to the
other-thus saving many thousands of miles
of travel, and many days of time in a journey
to any OF the ports on the Pacific side of
the Americas and also to the Orient.
Colonel Cocktails states most positively
that the cost Of the canal will not be over
$375.000.0 900; and in this amount is included
the purchase of the French companys be.
longings-S4O, 900. O00-and the $4,000 900 paid
for the Canal Zone and also the cost of the
sanitary department, which of course has been
a considerable amount
In order to get some idea OF what the
cost Of the canal means-$375, 900, 00O-and nut
1t SO the mind can in some measure grasp the
figures, we make the following statement
There are In the world nine principal canals,
to wit: The Suez, the Kiel, the Manchester.
the United States Ste Marie, the Canadian
Ste. Marie, the Amsterdam, Corinth, Cron.
stadt and the Erie-Ontario canal The total
cost OF all nine of these canals was 1894 600.
000 which is less by Sill 100000 than the
Panama canal alone will cost at the lowest
estimate. But even IL this amount is doubled
the unitec States will complete IT, The pride
and reputation of the nation are at stake and
she cannot afford to make failure as all the
other countries have done that have gone be-
fore
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10
SOCIAL LIFE ON THE FARM
Movement Of Farmers to City Can Be
Materially Lessened by Making
Home More Beautiful.
CRy c. r. RARNEs.l


A beautiful home is magnet which
needs only the additional centripetal
force of richer social life to bind to
the farm the young life which now
flows In a steady current to the cities.
To the multiplication of such homes
and the development of such richer
social life, then, the efforts of all gov
ernmental and educational agencies
may well be directed. An additional
incentive to such efforts is found In
the fact that In rural society alone is
real American democracy now to be
found. Our cities have become ex
! amples Of social stratifcation-a
plutocracy on top, the laborer on the
bottom; between them, strata distin-
guished by the possession of a larger
or smaller incomes. Among the farm
ers remains the o1d-fashioned equality
born Of individual independence.
There is not the wide difference in
pecuniary circumstances that is seen
In the city; and the superior wealth
of the large land owner is often more
than matched, so far as social infiu-
cation or intelligence of his poorer
neighbor. All meet In the Farmers
club, as in church or school, on a
plane of perfect equality. This is a
condition to be especially appreciated
by women, who are invariably more
sensitive to social distinctions than
men.
The movement of farmers-now
"well-to-do" In the country accepta-
ton OF the term-to the cities would
be materially lessened II they and
their wives fully realized the extent
and hatefulness Of the social stratifica-
ton there to be met. The average in
come of such farmer is not greater
than that of the well-paid city wage
Garner. be the latter mechanic or
clerk. Coming to the city, then, he
and his wife are at once "stratified"
along with the city's hired men" and
their families. From the homes OF the
alleged upper classes" they are smil-
lngly and informally. but effectively,
excluded. To couple accustomed to
go with the best" In the country, this
reversion from democracy to class dis
tinctions is not little CALLING. Really,
had they chosen to cultivate more
freely the social instinct in their coun.
try homes. they would have found en-
joyments which they seek In vain In
the city.
The gospel Of the large, full life as
better than the long. full purse; of a
broadened intellectual vision as better
than acres broadened beyond need: Of
social contacts and culture as among
the primary necessities of human ma.
ture; and of womans mission as
primarily one of ministry to these
needs, quite as much as to the physi-
cal wants OF her family-this gospel
IL is, the preaching OF which is to up
lift the country life of America, make
the farm attractive to those whom 1t
now repels, and preserve In our ne.
ton the ideals Of American democracy.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10
Feeding Draft Gotta.

Feed the draft colts strong for
the growth and development possibl
in the early maturity to get into the
big gelding market as soon as pos
sible, where prices are high. but do
not feed corn and oil meal to fatten
the colts and young horses as You
would to fat steer. Horses want
bone and muscle along with their
large size. With the run of the pas
ture every day for vigorous exercise.
and as soon as old enough give them
careful work; then you can increase
the feed and get them in good show
condition. and with work enough to
keep them In the best condition the
buyers will pay you $25 to $50 more
than for the thin horse.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10

at frequent intervals with food and
drink, which are deposited near their
graves. These tombs are. in the case
of chiefs, in the royal compound, and
huts are built over them. wonderfully
decorated with light colors. In other
cases the graves may be dug In some
lonely place. away from the houses
Of the living, and often In the depths
OF the forest. A spirit house which
have often visited Is IN woodland
glade within half mile of my COM
pound, and belongs to the family Of
the chief butcher of Kuta. Owing to
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10
PLoWMAN SHOULD KEEP BUSY
Secretary Wilson Tells Characteris-
tic Story of Economical Minis
ter Running Farm.

used to know a clergyman
said Secretary Wilson. of the depart
ment of agriculture, recently. who
owned a fine farm and ran it on very
economical lines. so that it paid splen-
dldly. Taking his usual daily stroll
over his rich, broad acres. he saw a
plowman, while the horses rested. sit
ting on the handle of his pillow. 1t
occurred to the minister that he paid
this man ten cents an hour besides
board, and he stopped and said gent
ly but reproachfully: James, wouldn't
1t be a good plan for you to have a
pair of pruning shears here and be
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10

its proximity to my abode It has fall
en- into disuse. as the pagans become
somewhat chary of performing their
mysterious rites SO near the white
man.
Some departed spirits are supposed
to inhabit the large trees which are
to be found in almost every pagan
town. and small earthenware pots con-
tanning food may be seen surrounding
these trees.
It is not often that one can see the
Gwaris at their religious exercises;
but a few months aEo. on entering a
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10

Gwari village, saw a man kneeline
In front of one of these small spirit
huts with pot Of some drink In his
hand, apparently expostulating with
the spirit-possibly because it had
treated him badly-and occasionally
pouring some Of the contents of the
pot upon the outside wall Of the hut
Wide World Magazine.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10

many ways, such as carrying ensi-
lage from the silo to the dairy barn,
or litter from one place to another.
These carriers are manufactured at
moderate price, but an ingenious
man can construct one at small cost.
He will require double pulley, as
many feet Of rope wire as he needs
Ia three-inch round wire may an
swer the>purpose), and the necessary
iron rods and bolts for the carrier.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10
Religion OF Quart Pagans

have an idea of supreme being, but
do not worship him any way that
have been able to discover. Prob
ably this idea is just their paganized
conception of the Mohammedan Allah.
Their actual worship is more closely
connected with the spirits of their an
cestors. They appear to live in dread
lest these spirits should work dam
age to their farms, and with this In
view they are careful to supply them
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10
Select Hardy Varieties.

Nebraska fruit growers find that
while the cover crops are valuable in
tessening the winter injury to orchard
trees, they are not nearly so impor-
tant as the selection of the hardy
varieties.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10
MAKES CHEAP ROAD BREAKER
Old Abandoned Ten-Galion MIX Can
Filled With Stone Can Be Utl-
lized to Improve Roads.

A cheap and convenient road break
err is shown in the cut. Take an old
ten-gallon milk can, fill nearly full OF
bricks or stone. and draw 1t onto the
runner of sled. writes A. ]. Winn in
the Farm and Home. Hitch a chain
around the knee of the sled and run
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10
Should Keep Busy.

cutting a few bushes along the fence
while the horses are taking their
short rest?" James returned the min
listers serious gaze. and In the same
gentle, yet reproachful voice, he an
swered: Look here. sir. wouldn't 1t
be good plan for you to have a tub
of potatoes in the pulpit and while
they're singing the hymns to peel EN-
for the pot?"
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10
These People Appear to Live In Dread
of the Spirits Of Their
Ancestors.

1t is always a matter of great dim
pulty to get any really satisfactory
idea of the religion of pagan tribes.
During a stay of some three years
amongst the Gwaris, however, l was
able to form some notion of what was
At the back of their minds. They
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10
Nursery Stock.

Nursery stock, particularly apples,
is high. but good ones of better varie-
ties are cheap at any price to the man
who knows how to set. prune. cult
vate, mulch and spray.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10

anu the question comes 10 MIN III TO
doubled force as he remembers that the spot
on which all this great work is in progress
was only recently regarded as the death-hole
of the world-but now, when he beholds a
land freed from the fearful ravages of the dis.
eases that had for centuries taken their toll
of human life by the tens of thousands, he is
constrained TO ask again: What has wrought
this wonderful change?
And the answer comes back to him from
far down the rugged road that is filled with
the fumes Of the midnight oil that has been
burned by students and men Of science Of
past and present times: o, fellow-toiler, over
and above and around and directing this
great enterprise, upon which the eyes Of the
world are centered today, is the irresistible
power Of well-trained, cultured intellect.
1t is remarkable the number of people one
finds who are of the opinion that the idea of
a canal across the Isthmus of Panama is some
thing of recent origin, when the fact is, 1t Is
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10

When wagon wheel nut has be-
come to set that 1t does not yield read
lily to the wrench. center stream of
hot water on the nut from the spout
of teakettle. In few minutes the
nut may be turned on with the fingers.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10

have covered the sides of the excavation with
solid gold. The cut through these mountains
is known as Culebra cut, and is nine miles in
length-through solid rock The cut begins
at Bas Obispo and ends at Pedro Miguel locks
The question is often asked, What be-
comes of the vast quantities of dirt, rock.
etc, that are taken from the canal? 1t Is
loaded on trains by means of the steam SHOW
els and hauled off-a portion being placed on
Gatun dam, u portion is taken to the Atlantic
and portion to the Pacific oceans and placed
on the great breakwaters that are building
there, and yet other trains are busily engaged
IN hauling the excavations to the railroad
tracks that will skirt the northern edge of the
canal, and which will have a solid rock bed
the entire distance. They find use for every
particle of it. Getting rid of these excavations
has caused the Canal Zone to become the
2 busiest railroad center in the world. 1t is
said that 800 trains pass given point near
the town of Culebra in day, hauling out the
rock from the cut
The United States is constructing lock
canal, as before stated. These locks are in
pairs, each having width Of 10 feet and
length of 1000 feet. Each lock consists of a
chamber with walls of concrete, and with
water-tight gates at the ends. The level of
water is to be regulated through openings in
the bottom by the operation of valves in the
side and center walls, which will permit the
water to flow into and out of the locks by
gravity. 1t is estimated that it will require
eight minutes to fill one of them. The locks
in the history of the world. The gates con
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10
Value of Borss In MIX.

A pinch of borax stirred into fresh
milk will keep It for some time. and
also prevent the cream turning sour.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10
Breaking out the Roads.

1t through each handle. You'd
on the sled and take It cas- "a
have no pillow to hold and Ia
to do. IA
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1911-03-10

HEN one looks upon the gigantic
work that is in progress on the
Isthmus of Panama and beholds
the hills and the mountains CIV
ing way before the onward
march of modern machinery
sees steam, electricity, air and
water all harnessed and made to
do the bidding of man, he can
but stand in awe and ask the
question: What is the propel-
ling power back Of this great
undertaking?
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1911-03-31

in fact, every treatment that he could
hear of, but got no benefits. Only
grew worse. He heard of the Health
Teacher who had been at the Owl
Drug Store, and called and explained
his case. He would have a full feel
ing after eating moderately, gases
would rise .on the stomach causing
bioating and belching; he would belch
up great mouthfuls of sour, bitter bile
from the stomach. At times some
thing like lump of, lead in the stom-
ach and he would be in much misery
and distress. He decided to try
treatment of Quaker Extract, and in
few days to his surprise, he began TO
improve and in 10 days reports that