davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-04-06
COTTON MARKET
 VERY IRREGULAR Early Advance Is Followed By Reactions With the
 Close Steady

New York, April 5.-The cotton market was irregular today, an early advance be- ing followed by reactions with the close steady, net 13 points lower to one point higher. April was 13 points lower and active old crop months to points lower while the new crop was relatively steady around the closing figures of last night
 The opening was steady at an advance of 1 to points in response 10 better ca hes than expected, bulish trade accounts from abroad and a continuation of yes- terday's covering movement, but recent buyers seemed to be disappointed at the failure of aggressive bull support to de- velop on the early advance and the mar ket soon turned rather easier under scat tered realizing.
 Houses with Liverpool and continental connections were buyers helping to pre- vent any decline of consequence during the early trading, but after the close of the English market the support from this source was withdrawn and prices grad ually eased off to net loss of about to. points on the active months, At this level there was more support, particu-
  points up from the lowest
 Generally speaking, the local trade re- garded the rainfall in the eastern and central belts as a favorable feature, as there was a deficiency of precipitation in these districts during February, but new crop positions were relatively steady dur ing the entire day and appeared to be at tracting support from trade interests. Private cables reported the continent good buyer in Liverpool and a private cable from Havre stated that the mar ket for spot cotton there had advanced 11a francs yesterday on improved demand from the mills. There appeared to be no improvement on domestic trade accounts. however, and as soon as it was seen that the leading bulls were giving the mar ket no aggressive support after the open ing here local traders showed disposi- tion to sell for a reaction following the advance of yesterday.
 Receipts at the ports today, 54I1, against 1883 last week and 1852 last year. To- days receipts at New Orleans, 20lS bales, against 1858 last year, and at Houston 1792 bales, against 979 last year.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-04-06
New York Cotton Futures
Daily Cotton Movement

Galveston Quiet; middling. 14%c; net receipts, 1888: gros receipts, 16S3; sales, 7S3; stock, ss,933.
 New Orleans: Steady; middling, 142s c; net receipts 3O13; gross receipts, 2013, sales, 1880; stock, 10s,47s; coastwise, S75.
 Mobile: Firm; middling, 14Ac; net receipts. 1888; gross receipts, 1883; sales 2s0; stock 12,6OS.
 Savannah: Quiet and steady; mid ding, 14Ac; net receipts, SIP; gross coastwise, PIP.
 Charleston: Nominal; net receipts, 521: gross receipts, 521; stock, 1S,576; coastwise, 669.
 Wilmington: Nominal; net receipts, 16b gross receipts, 165; stock 4S03.
 Norfolk: Steady; middling, 14Rc; net receipts, 398; gross receipts, 39S; sales, S4 stock, 16.249.
 Baltimore: Nominal; middling, 14A e; stock, 4109.
 New York: Quiet; middling, 14.5oc; gross receipts, S106; sales, 800; stock, 1Sg.0SS: continent. S5; coastwise, 21S.
 Boston: Quiet; mddling, 1450c; net receipts, 50; gross receipts, 175; stock. 10.0S9.
 Philadelphia: Steady; middling, 14.75c; gross receipts, 25, stock, 22O0.
 Minor ports: Stock, 5064
 Total today at all ports, net 5471; continent, S5; stock, 51S,732.
 Consolidated at all ports, net 25,499; Great Britain, 6944 France, $50; conti nent, 1O.2S1; Japan, 999.
 Total since September l, at all ports, net 7,952.104: Great Britain 3.036,921 France, 35S0S1; continent, 2,57S,32S; Ja- pan, 140,640; Mexico, 1725.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-04-06
Live Stock Market

Chicago. April 5.-Catttle-Receipts, H. o00: strong; beeves, $5 525d690; Texas steers, $4 50d5 .75; western steers, A.sop 5.90; stockers and feeders, $4a5.Io; cows and heifers, S2. 750l6 calves, $5@7.
 Hogs-Receipts, 21 1000; 5010c higher than yesterday; light, s6.45@6.9o; mixed, .25@ 80; heavy, s6.05d6.60; rough, $6.05d6 30; good to choice heavy, $6.30n6.60; pigs, ss. 3o6l6. .75; bulk of sales, $6. 3546.55.
 Sheep-Receipts, 15,0O0; steady: native, s20l5: western, S3.2505: yearlings, $4.501 ,. .i0: lambs, native, S5@6. 40; western, S50 GAO
 St. Louis, April 5.-Cattle-Receipts, 22CO including 500 Texans; market 1Oc higher; native shipping and export steers, Som G. 75: dressed beef and butcher steers, S55O Qf6 20: Texas and Indian steers, $i. 5OQo 70 ; cows and heifers, $3 50@5.
 Hogs-Receipts, 9200; market 1Oc higher; pigs and lights. $6Q6,9O; packerh. $o 40m 90: butchers and best heavy, s6.45d6.90.
 Sheep-Receiptss 230O; market steady; native muttons. s$3 75G5; lambs $5.7546. DO; stockers, s2 2.50aS.25
 Kansas City, April 5.-Cattle-Receipts, 750O, including 400 southerns; market strong to 10c higher; dressed beef and export steers, $6. 1O16. 60; fair to good, S6.3 @6. .55; southern steers, $4.S0G6.10; south arn cows, $3. 4O65. 20.
 Hogs-Receipts, 1S,000 market steady to 5c higher; bulk of sales, SC. 25M6 6O; heavy SC. 25Ql6 .35: packers and butchers, s6.35@ 6.521a; lights, s6. .5O@6.60.
 Sheep-Receipts, 14,0oO; market, 1oGl5c lower; lambs, s5.5O@6. 25; yearlings, A.6o@ 5.GO; wethers, $4 25@5 .25; ewes, s40f .S5; stockers and feeders. $364.4o.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-04-06
ALABAMA LUCKY
 IN SEAT LOTTERY

Washington, April l. (Special) -- Alabama fared fairly well in the House lottery for the drawing of seats it's mem- Representative Underwood, as chairman of the ways and means committee, was given the privilege of selecting his seat without recourse to chance and the floor leader of the majority" picked out A place in the middle section of the House, third row next to the first aisle on the democratic side.
 As luck always has 1t, Representative Bfacllman, the baby member of the dele- gation, had his name called first in the delegation. MT. Blackman selected a seat in the third row of the third section. Representative Dents name was called soon after and then came in short or der Representative Hehin and Represen- tative Taylor. The three of them sat to the left of Representative Blackman and the four Alabama members are in a room with few intervening seats and al most in whispering distance of Repre- sentative Underwood Representative Clayton, chairman of the judiciary com mittee drew a good seat near Represen- tative Henry, chairman of the rules com mittee
 Representative Burnett came next and got a sixth row seat in the third sec ton and after a long wait Representa- tive Hobson got seat in the last row of the first main section. The last name to be called was Representative Richard sons, the chairman of the committee on pensions, who got in the last row of the third section.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-04-06
7EUROPE:'S FREEZE
 CAUSES SCARE
Advance in Prices Began at Opening of Trade, Con-
 tinuing Until Close

Chicago, April 5.-Freezing weather In Europe today gave wheat shorts here a bit of scare. In consequence the mar l<et closed strong at %a7sc to 15sc net ad- vance. Other leading staples, too, showed a final gain, corn ss@12sc; oats. ssc to 1aq 9sc. and hog products, 71aa1Oc to S21sc.
 There undoubtedly were large export sales of Manitoba wheat today and tnis fact strongly emphasized reports that dis dressing results to crops in Europe might ensue because of the frigid temperature. England, Germany and Russia were es- pecially affected by the cold; accordingly, the demand for cargoes came from not only the United Kingdom, but the conti- nent as well. Besides, Canadian exports, both the Atlantic and gulf cities of the United States, had clearances large enough to make a substantial impression.
 The advance in prices here began at the very opening of trade, and lasted with out any important setback until the final tap of the gong. Latest figures were wiln- in Is c of the top level reached. Buying, which was unusually active, seemed con- fined, however, almost entirely to shorts, who were taking profits or putting stop to loss. The May option was chiefly ranging between S5c and S6A@ S63sc, and closing with premium over July at S6Ac, net gain of 1ssc
 Weather and a big increase of cash de- mand led 10 a higher plane for corn. Some export sales were noted. May varied from 47i4c to 4S1sc, and closed firm 11sc up at 477sc. Cash grades were strong. No. 2 yellow finished at 474@4S14c.
 ttt,f receipts of oats, that cereal took an up- ward turn following other grain. More over, Illinois sent in some unfavorable reports in regard to the seeding. High and low points for May were 301sc and 3OAc, with last transactions 1k@%c net higher at 3012c.
 Grain strength and lighter run of hogs helped provisions. The end of the ses- sion left pork 25@321ac up; lard with a gain of 171ac, and ribs at 71aG1Oc to 1Oc advance.
 ,,i,ft otaf fo1l
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-04-06
TRADE ALMOST
 ATA STANDST|LL Biggest Receipt Is of Or anges and Vegetables
 Slow in Coming

Everything seemed to be at a stand still on Morris avenue yesterday. The heavy rain Tuesday evening possibly had some effect on trade, but business generally has been quiet among the wholesalers for the past several days. Vegetable shipments were curtailed to a great extent on account of the rain. but owing to the slack in trade the supply equals the demand. Despite present conditions merchants speak op- timistically as to the outcome of this month.
 Chickens are coming in very slow this week. There is not enough fowl on the market to supply the local trade. Eggs are plentiful, bringing 16 and IT cents per dozen
 Oranges are coming in freely. Two carloads of the Florida variety arrived yesterday, selling at s275 and $3 per crate.
 Merchants handling feedstuffs re- port business normal. Prices alonS this line are going up.
 The following quotations prevail:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-04-06
STOCK MARKET |S
 MORE ANIMATED Speculation Increases and Large Amounts of Stock
 Are Offered

New York, April Representation was mores animated today than for some days previously and the stock mar ket appeared active in contrast, with the dullness of preceding weeks. The change was due largely to sorte py the bear party, which received con- siderable reinforcement and WAS fair |. ly successful in it's efforts. As soon as the market opened large amounts of stock were offered at concessions and prices yielded.
 The market rallied at midday but selling was renewed late in the ses- cion and the close was heavy at slight -,-, losses on the day. The reason saost commonly advanced for the sell ing was uneasiness over possible tariff legislation. There was a feeling in some quarters, however that although rad ical tariff revision could, of course, be prevented there must necessarily be period of hesitation on the part of in- terests most directly affected unless it is clear just what action, if any, is to be taken.
 cut In the price of woolen goods was announced with the explanation that the reduction was due to contrac- tion of buying on account of the pros- pect of tarif revision.
 The widest movements of the day were in a number of special stocks, chief among which was Peoples Gas of : Chicago. The election in that city of Q mayoralty candidate pledged to att . tempt to lower the price of gas led to heavy selling of that stock which had an extreme decline of 41a.
 Baltimore and Ohio came into sudden prominence which was not explained clearly. The stock was strong in Lon don and Berlin before the opening here and gained ? points in this market A report that the Pennsylvania had of fered to purchase the Union Pacific holdings of Baltimore and Ohio at 110 and that the offer had been re- iected, was denied. Union Pacific pre- ferred, a stock which seldom figures to any extent in the market advanced al- most as much as Baltimore and Ohio. 1 American Can preferred, for which tn ere is some expsctations of higher dividends. also rose steadily Associated Oil, which sold at 601a on Monday, broke 3 points today to 52, and Can adian Pacific lost 3 points from yester- days high record
 StatSucs or DIE Iron production In March show another sharp increase ow- ing entirely, as was the case in Febru- arys to the greater activity of steel works.
 New financing in March fell consid- erably below that of thu corresponding month last year, owing chiefly to the abnormal activity of the large railroad system in the former period. The total of new securities issued During the first quarter of the present Year by railroad and industrial corporations is pla ced at S657,000,000 as compared with S631,- 000,000 last year. Short term notes en- tered largely into this borrowing, amounting to $149,O00,000 during the three months.
 Bonds were firm. Total sales, par value, $2,4SO,000.
 United States As registered declined 4 on call.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-04-06
Statement of Weights

New Orleans. April 5.-Secretary Hes ter has just issued statement of weights of s,74S,795 bales of cotton handled ist outports and across the Mississippi, Ohio and Potomac rivers overland to American manufacturers outside of the cotton belt during the month of September to March inclusive, showing an average per bale of 516 .S4, against 511.04 for the same pe- riod last year
 Detailed averages are:
 Texas ports 527 30. against 517 .39 last year.
 Louisiana: 522 29, against 51S.2.
 Alabama: 524.74, against 512. .Sl.
 Georgia: 800 p. against BOA .22.
 South Carolina: 495, against 4s5.
 North Carolina: 490, against 494.
 Virginia 49O against 490.
 Tennessee, etc.: 527.25. against 52o.53.
 These averages are, as stated. Of cot ton handled at ports and overland, pasea on official returns of the secretaries and superintendents of the exchanges and eX- perts at ports in the states named
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-04-06
Liverpool Cotton Market

Liverpool, April 5.-Spot cotton In far demand: prices 10 points higher. Amer ican midding fair. s. .2sd good middling, 96d: middling. 7.7Sd low mddling. 75Sd; good ordinary, 7.32d; ordinary, 7.0id
 The sales of the day were 5000 bales, Of which 1000 were for speculation and eX- port and included TOO American. Receipts, i 1000 bales, including 10,100 American.
 Futures opened firm and closed barely steady April. 7.49d April-May, 7.4S1ed; May-June, 7,4S1ad; June-July. .431sd; July-August, 7,3S1s6; ugust-September, 7.16isd; September-October 6.s9d; octoper- November, 6741sd November December, (. 7O16d; December-January 66919d Janu- ary- February, 6.6915d; February March, 6 7o1ad; March-April 6.71d.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-04-06
MISS M'GOWN DIES
 IN TUSCALOOSA

Tuscaloosa, April 5.-(Special. .)-The death of Miss Helen McGown occurred at the old family home on Twenty-eighth avenue at 10 o'clock Tuesday night. Miss McGown was raised in Tuscaloosa, but for many years she has held the position of music director in Baylor university at waco Tex She has always returned to Tuscaloosa, however, to spend her sum mer vacations among the friends who have loved her from child. For several years Miss McGown has been failing in health but could not be induced to rest until this present session, when she was granted leave of absence a year on full salary which was but slight token of the esteem in which she was held by the great university for which she had so long labored and practically given her life.
 The meeting of the Tuscaloosa County Medical association was in session last night at the offices of Dr. Aston Fitts. An instructive paper on "Eclampia" was presented by Dr. Fitts and general dis cussion of this subject followed Drs. Davies and Fitts were elected to represent the county association at the state meet ing which convenes In Montgomery on the 18th of April. At the conclusion of the routine business a most delightful social hour was enjoyed. These meetings gre largely attended and much interest is displayed by the town and country physicians in the outcome of these month ly conferences or the good of the public.
 John Bradford, who was for so long as- sistant postmaster under Miss Margaret Miller's administration, and more lately bookkeeper for l.. Rosenfeld has ac- cepted a position with the Tuscaloosa News and launched out as an active newspaper man.
 The friends of Eli Abbott are sorry to learn that his beautiful home and con tents were entirely destroyed by fire yes terday at Minter City, Miss
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-04-06
Live Stock

Steers. good to choice fat, $50 to 120o lbs, fh@5c.
 steers. medium to good, $50 to 12oo lbs. 4Q4lec. pounds, 4d41sc
 Steers, medium to good. $50 to $50 pounds. 3lsd4c.
 Oxen. good to choice. 3ih14c. oxen, medium to good, sds1sc. Cows and heifers, good to choice, 800 to 100 pounds, 4G5c.
 Cows and heifers, good to choice, GOO to 800 pounds, 4441Rc.
 Cows and heifers, medium to good, 800 to 800 lbs,. 31kd4c.
 Yearlings, good to choice. 3a3ikc. Yearlings. medium to good, 2159Sc. Rulls good to choice, 800 to 1900 pounds. SG31hc.
 Bulls, medium to good. $50 to 12oo pounds. 21aG3c.
 Bulls medium to good, 800 to 120o pounds. 21a@Sc.
 Gamers. 2d2ixc.
 Hogs, choice (corn fed), 1s0 to So pounds, 6lhc.
 Pigs, 80 to 12p pound wts., ec. Hogs, choice (corn fed). 14o to 1so pounds, 61ac.
 Pigs, so to 120 ID. wts., 6c. Pigs, 60 to so lb. wts., Sc, Fat cattle, demand good
 Oxen. demand fair.
 Medium cattle. demand geud. Yearlings, demand fair. Bulls, demand fair
 Gamers. demand slow.
 Hogs. demand good.
 Pigs. demand good.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-04-06
HAT IS BLOWN
 FIFTY MILES

Evergreen. April 5.-(Special.)-As an aftermath of the fierce storm that pre- vailed in Monroe and Clarke counties last week, lady's hat was found about 10 miles west of Evergreen and left with George W. Salter, editor of The Courant. It is supposed that this hat came from some store at Gainstown. If so, 1t trav- eled at least 40 miles. It is certain that a. lot of account books were found in a swamp near Burnt corn that were blown from Reese Norris store at Gains town. Burnt Corn is on the eastern boundary of Monroe county, at least 50 miles from the place where the books started.
 The protracted meeting that commenced 10 days ago at the Baptist church Is still The Rev. R. s. Gavin Is do- ing the preaching. Dr. Richard Hall. pastor of the church, has been quite sick for several days, and is confined to his bed.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-04-06
Hubbard Bros. & Co.'s Letter

New York, April 5.-(Special)-On the advance in Liverpool selling or- ders were receivedNrom America which checked the improvement there, clos ing that market barely steady at point advance Here the arbitrage buy ing against these sales absorbed the req lizing while the market sold off some points after the close of Liver pool upon continued liquidation The feeling was that the advance had been checked by these offerings without an increase in the demand. Spinners and manufacturers complain bitterly, while Manchester appears to be doing a good business
 Statistics are expected to show up very bullishly at the close of the week, though southern markets complain of the lack of demand.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-04-06

Cash quotations were as follows: Flour: Barely steady.
 Rye: No. ?, 91c.
 Barley: Feed or mixing, 70dS5c fair to choice malting, 97c@S1.07
 Flax Seed: No. 1 southwestern, g. .391s i; No. 1 northwestern, s2 2.5l1a.
 Timothy Seed: $11.75M12.
 Clover: s15.
 Mess Pork: Per barrel, SIP. .75916. Lard Per 100 pounds. $S.021a
 Short Ribs: Sides, Loose, S. 75@S .37iz. Short Clear Sides: Boxed, SS. 50dS. 621a. Butter: Steady; creameres, 14a21c; daries. 1301Sc.
 Eggs: Firm; receipts, 20,251 cases; at mark, cases included, 131a@14c; firsts, 15c; prime firsts, 151ac.
 Cheese: Firm daisies, 14d14Ac; twins. l3@1Sa4c; young Americas, 1S%14c; long horns, 13a4@14c.
 Potatoes: Firm; choice to fancy, 62@ 63c; fair to good, 5Sd60c.
 Poultry Steady; turkeys, dressed 19c; live fowls, 161ac; live springs, 1619c. Veal: Steady; 50 to 60-pound weights. 8 @7c; 60 to S5-pound weights, 7q9c; S5 to 110-pound weights, 91ad10c.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-04-06
Fruits and Produce

iCorrected by Douglas Bros) Apples-Fancy ted, s6d7. Apples-western, s275d3.25. oranges, Ca;isornls ssoo: Florida, H.U 0S.00.
 Pineapples- -ss oe
 Lemons, Fae St9 70 7 Idmes-Impoi ,ou., rtr }. 75s Irish Potatoes-New stock, per bushea, s0cd$l. Florida Cabbage-Crate, $2. N Cranberries-.Box, 8. onions-Red Globe, sac. Navy Beans-Choice Michigan, per bushel, s275.
 Lima Beans-Per lb., 7Mc. Peas-Virginia black-eye. per bu.. $3.50.
 Spanish Onions-Per crate. $1.75. Celery-Fancy. per crate, S3.00. Cocoanuts-s5. 50@6 per 100. Sweet Potatoes-Per barrel, $S@3.5o. Grapes-Malaga. kcg, $7. Canada Turnips-Per lb., 1Rc. Grape Frut-Florida, per box, B. .25dS50. Tangerines-Per box, s. Strawberries, South Alabama. s3dS.O. Tomatoes-Crate, baskets, H.7512. String Beans-$3.50
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-04-06
Seaboard Changes Schedule

On and after April the Seaboard trains will arrive and depart from Bir- mingham as follows:
 Atlanta Birmingham Special, leave S.3O a. m., arrive S:30 D. m.
 Nos. 50 and 51, leave $40 a. nl., ar rive 10:15 D. m
 Nos. Ss and Al. leave 800 D. m., ar rive 12:10 D. m.
 The Atlanta Bir minGham Special
 Will be the train par excellence be- tween the southeast and north, con sisting of the most modern all-steel Pullmans, one 12-section dra wing room car, and one Dissection observation car; the entire train electrically lighted, and afrording every comfort and luxury. The S:30 a. m departing time and S:56 D. m. arriving time in New York af lords to the Birmingham travelling public the most convenient and timely hours. 4-5-5t
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-04-06
Seaboard's New Service
 and Chance of Schedule

On and after April the Seaboard will inaugurate elegant new servise be- tween Birmingham and New York, known as the Atlanta md Birmingham Special. This train will leave Birming- ham S:30 a. m., and arrive in (Penn- sylvania new station) New York, 3:56 D. m., following afternoon. All-steel Pullman equipment; electrically lighted. Drawing room and observation cars
 4-5-5t
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-04-06
Supreme Court Decisions

Montgomery, April 5.-Following Is a list of decisions handed down in the su- preme court of Alabama
 Simpson, 1.-The state of Alabama, ex rel. City of Gadsden vs. Alabama City, Gadsden and Attalla, Railway company, appeal from Gadsden city court; reversed. rendered and remanded.
 Mcclellan, J.-Calvin G. Jackson vs. Shelby Grisham, administrator, ct al., appeal from Colbert chancery court; af- firmed.
 Mayfield, J.-Daisy I. Clisby vs. A. A. CIisby, appeal from Jefferson chancery court; affirmed and mandamus denied.
 Sayre, J.-Pickens county vs. Greene county appeal from Greene circuit court; affirmed
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-04-06
Interior Movement

Houston: Steady; middlng, 143sc net receipts. 1792; gross receipts 1792; ship ments, 217S; stock, 63971.
 Augusta: Quiet midding, 14ssc; net re- ceipts 2S9; gross receipts. 297; shipments, BOA; sales, 233 stock, 43,S05.
 Memphis: Steady; middling, 14%c; net receipts. 261 gross receipts, 999 ship ments, 2304; sales, 2000; stock, 136,SSS.
 St. Louis: Dull; middling. 14s1c; gross receipts. 17s7; shipments, 17S7: sales, CO.,; stock, 20,S76
 Cincinnati: Net receipts, 6S6 gross re- ceipts, 6s6 shipments, $50: stock, 2O,925.
 Little Rock: Quiet; mddling, 14ssc; net receipts, 66; gross receipts, 66; shipments IA; stock, 24,495
 Louisville: Firm middling. 14%c.
 Total today: Net, receipts. 3O94: gross receipts. b577; shipments, TAT; sales, 22g stock, 310,960.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-04-06
New Orleans Rice Market

New Orleans, April 5.-The rice market was easy today. The trading was prin- cipally in rough and clean Honduras. Receipts: Rough, 3592; clean, 11,09O; mill-- CTS 32S2. Sales: 1132 rough Honduras at 1. .76d2. .41c no sales Japan; 2124 clean Honduras at 1s4d4Ac; 450 Japans at l 1-l64 3c Quotations: Rough Honduras, 1.i5q Sc; Japan, 1.SOQ3c; clean, S@41sc; Japan 21m3isc.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-04-06
LOCAL QUOTATIONS
Local Cotton Market
Pig Iron
Cotton Seed Products

Corrected daily by Buckeye Cotton oil
 Company
 Oil, prime, 4O947jac per gallon; meal. prime, 7h per cent ammonia, s27 per net ton; hulls, sacked, sl1; hulls, loose. Ss.