davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1911-05-13
u. S. SENATORSHIP.

The United States Senatorial
situation is an unknown quantity
up to this time. The present
Senator, Murphy J. Foster; Gov
ernor J. Y. Sanders and Con-
gresham Ransdell are avowed
candidates for the Office. Con-
gresham Pujo, of this district,
is also flirting with the Senate
rial toga. What alignmnnt will
be made has not yet been de-
termined upon. The name of
Ex-Governor Blanchard is whis-
pered as a probable candidate.
There is a whole lot of jockeying
in this Senatorial business, and
the voter will just have to wait
until things have cleared up.
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1911-05-13
JOHN T. MICHEL.

The candidacy of John I.
Michel has precipitated a Worlc
of endorsement. His sterling
qualities as a man and unim-
peachable integrity as an official
of the State has made him popu-
lar with the masses; and the gen
eral opinion is that he would
make Governor of which the
Pelican State would be proud of.
He is not a silk stocking, true,
and he is not so we'll versed in
legal lore but he possesses some
thing more lasting than these:
the sturdy honesty and frank
ness Of a noble parentage, of a
people who have blazoned their
names in the history Of the
world.
No one dare irnpugn his able
administration of the Office to
which the people have elected
him for four successive terms. It
is one of the most mportant Offices
in the State Department, and it
has been administered in a man
ner even challenging the admira-
ton of his enemies.
John T. Michel is admirable
material for Governor.
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1911-05-13
RAISING FUNDS FOR
The OLD CONFEDER-
ATES.

The ladies of the Gordon
Chapter, local chapter of u. D.
C's., gave a progressive euchre
at Co. C's Armory Monday night
for the benefit Of the fund being
raised to send a delegation Of
local veterans to the National
Reunion to be held at Little
Rock, Ark.
The euchre was both a social
and financial success. Refresh
ments were served and a most
enjoyable time was spent by
those present. Prizes were
awarded as follows:
The ladies' prize was won by
Miss Felicity Andrepont, the
gentlemen's by Mr.. Morgan San
doZ, while Mr.. Jim Dejean was
the lucky player who succeeded
in capturing the consolation
prize.
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1911-05-13
GRAND JURY OF ACADIA
HANDS OUT ROASTS
Says Prisoners Are Permitted 10 Roam the
Streets Of Crowley at WIN.
PUCLIC BALLS DENOUNCED
Are the Breeders Of Crime and the Source or
Much Harm.- Public Buildings
Are InsanIiafy.

The Grand Jury of Acadia par
ish, which adjourned Tuesday of
this week, hands out some hot.
roasts on several subjects per-
tanning to the administration of
affairs in that parish.
The public buildings are con-
demned as insanitary; the charge
is made that prisoners are per-
mitted to roam the streets at all
hours of the day and night,
visiting, in some Instances,
saloons and brothels; public balls
are denounced as incentives to-
crime and drunkenness, and
other terse and singing com
ments and suggestions are in
.dulged in.
The Clarion does not know any
thing about the conditions COM
planned of relative to local affairs.
but it wishes to commend its ut
terances on the subject Of the.
ball room evil. This paper has,
frequently pointed to this breed
er Of vice, and the suggestion Of
the Acadia Grand Jury is timely
indeed.
On this subject the Grand
Jury says:
We have sought earnestly to
ascertain the cause or causes
which lead up to the greatest
amount of trouble, and we are of
the opinion that the public ball
rooms as presently conducted
are the hot beds in which are
bred the germs of crime and So
cial disorders.
Practically all Or at least the
greatest amount of true bills are
made possible by this institution.
We call upon the police jury
to take steps at once towards
raising the license to such an ex-
tent that the number of these
places be reduced to a minimum;
we find that young men are
saught to drink and the founda-
ion of the hoodlum is there laid,
he number Of true bills for be-
ng drunk at balls, and the ages
# those indicted prove this be-
Tond shadow of a doubt. =
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1911-05-13

Mr.. E. J. Perry, the Vinton
capitalist, returned to his home
in Vinton Sunday, after several
days visit at the home of Mrs.
Mary E. Walker.
Miss Rose Sandoz is home
for several weeks vacation, after
the closing of the school at
Chataignier, where she taught
the past session.
Misses G. and Annie Callen,
of New iberia, were the guests
of Miss Vivian Brown this week.
Mrs. Braud has returned
after an extended visit to Gary
and New Orleans.
Mrs. Barry and son, Ashton,
of Grand Coteau, were visitors
here Sunday.
Misss Alice Juge returned
home from New Orleans Sunday,
where she spent several days
visiting friends
Miss Felicity Andrepont was
q visitor to Grand. Prairie Tues
day.
Miss Celeste LafondF left
Wednesday for New Orleans.
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1911-05-13
Hon. j O b n T Niche

Hon. j O h n T. Michel,
present Secretary of State,
is the undisputed candidate
of the State administration
for Governor.
Judge Luther E. Hall is
the receptive candidate of
the Democratic Good Gov
d ernment League" for Gov
ernor. He will doubtless
be named by the convention
method at New Orleans ON
the 21st.
President Aswell, of. the
Natchitoches State Normal,
and Hon. James j. Bailey
are trailing behind, but it is
practically. a settled fact
that the fight will be be-
tween Messrs. Michel and
Hall.
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1911-05-13
|. S. THORNE OUT OF.
TEXAS And
PACIFIC
ThOs. J. Freeman Made Wee
President to Succeed
Him

New York, May 9.-Thomas j.
Freeman, receiver of the Inter-
national and Great Northern
Railroad, was to-day elected
vice president of the Texas
and Pacific Pailway and placed
in charge of the railroads
operation. Mr.. Freeman's cleo
ton by the Texas and Pacific
board is said to forecast a con-
solidation of the operation man
agement of the Texas and Pacific
and the international. Mr.. Free
man was also made a board MEM
ber of the Texas and Pacific, sue
ceeding John T. Terry.
L. S. Thorne, who has been
succeeded by Mr.. Freeman, will,
it is understood, retire from
the service. Certain finan-
cial interests are said to have
been responsible for the changes
in the Texas and Pacific.
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1911-05-13

Payy: Hon. Fred Grace, Register
of the Land Office and member
of the Commission; Senator Lab
be, of st. MartinvilIe; Louis
Ochs, ex-President Of the Travel
ers' Protective Association, and
now candidate for Senator of the
18th Senatorial District Of Or
leans; Hon. Vim. Eagan, Mayor
of Crowley, and several others.
All spoke to the point. Messrs.
Miller, Tulain, Dossmann and
Grace all agreed that something
should be done; butit was at the
same time tacitly understood that
no definite action should be taken
at this time, but the matter left
to a joint committee composed OF
representatives from the Fish
Commission, the Parish of st.
Landry, the Levee Board, the @.
G. & N. e. Railroad and the
Opelousas Rod & Gun Club which
should meet at some future date
and agree upon a plan of action.
The plan will include the rid
ding Of the waters of the entire
parish Of the pest, and will be
the incubator of a like movement
throughout the State.
The Club is bound to come into
the proposition, otherwise it's
magnificent property at Second
Lake will be worthless.
The Levee Board is bound to
come into it, because it is ad-
nitted that the canal it has just
finished at a cost Of many thou
sand dollars will be useless with
n the next few years, on ac-
count of lily deposits.
The Police Jury should come
nto the fight, because the inn
)ortant streams of this parish
re being choked up with the
lest.
The Fish Commission should
ONE in, because it's mission is
he conservation of fish, 81
So there should be no trouble,
h the matter.
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1911-05-13
BUSY YEAR FOR FRISCO.
Ma Road Contemplating Extensive improve
msHts Along Its Line.

dispatches announce unusual
ocfivity among the official family
n the Frisco lines, and it comes
4 e,.on, good authority that exten-
leo !; ss improvements will be made
5,,ring the coming year.
The officials had a gathering at
Nav Orleans Tuesday last, and
tss t5s;ssc,,ssed plans for the better
.as,t u,s Of the service. Nothing
lac. l.,sa Given out, except the state
.'.ent W. that there would be some
.1.s .h;S,c DOING in the near future.
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1911-05-13
CONCERTED ACTION FOR.
DEATH OF WATER LILIES
St. Landry to Be the Pioneer In the Work of Iradi-
eating the Pest.--Meeting At
Second Lake.
Second Lake.

"I anvery much impressed Cth yoa beautiful lakes and the
conference suggested meets 0th my oeoFank Miller
President Louisiana Commission the of Came
Fish and Oysters
Wig, haze Vertta5e sh paradise lakes You
aoHdoubtess from board fish,
Superintendent 1Wtion of the State Fisheries Department.
Yo" haze my hearty sympathy and cooperation IN the pro
posed crk clearing these pest member of
the Board Of Commissioners you aob5a
pocer consistent eoih my dties help ridn mag
nient aterS Of this fsh-desroying FRED Grace
Register of the Land Office and er0eo Member Of
81 # osz=.#
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1911-05-13
Chataignier.

Chataignier, May 2.-We are
having too much rain for the
growing crops. Corn is in grass,
and also the cotton, and even
some cotton is not planted yet.
Should this condition continue
for a longer period it will begin
to look blue for the farmers of
this section.
Mr.. Marcena Manuel made a
business trip to Vile Platte last
Friday.
Mr.. Armand Dupre made a fly
ing trip to Opelousas last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Willie Ardoin,
of OpeIousas, a tt n d e d the
funeral Of Mrs. Alexandra Ar
doin here last Monday.
Mr.. Lee Lafieur, of Oberlin,
made several tombs here last
week.
Miss Rose sandoz accompanied
by little Miss Agnes Laheur
made pleasant visit to Opelou-
sas last Saturday, returning Sun
day.
Mr.. j. P. Laf1eur made busi-
ness trip to Opelousas last Sun
day.
Mr.. Alva Hargroder, of Church.
Point, was here talking Wood
craft last Sunday.
Prof. Johnson made pleasant
trip to Vile Platte last Saturday.
Mr.. Joseph A. Hardey made a
business trip to Vile Platte last
Saturday.
Mr.. Marcena Manuel made a.
business trip to Eunice last Mon
day.
MRS. Kelley Andrus and
baby returned Monday from
a visit to Sunset.
Mr.. Powers, of LeesviIle,
was a visitor here this week.
Mr.. Isidore Issac, now al
resident of Dallas, Tex, was
here, mingling with old friends,
this week.
Mr.. P. Mistric and daughter,
Miss Aline, of Leonville, were
visitors here this week.
Mr.. John w. Lewis was a |
visitor to New Orleans Sunday. |
Mr.. Frank Mouton was =
visitor Lafayette Sunday. |
Mr.. G. e. Harrison was 8 |
business visitoEsto zEunice Tues
lay.
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1911-05-13
Real Estate Transfers.

Adams property was sold
through Estorge & Dunbar to
the st. Landry Lumber CO., Ltd,
for a consideration of $1,000.
F. P. Breckenridge through
Estorge & Dunbar, sold the cy-
press on 1900 acres Of timber
land in this parish to q. Guid-
roz, consideration of $500 per
1000 feet.
DR.. j. A. Haas sold the lay
trette place near 0pelousas to
Yves Andrepont, consideration
of $1,000.
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1911-05-13

Nh. and Mrs. E. Ludeau,
10 -sDent the week in Opelousas
~ - 1gml,est n of Mr.. and Mrs r. L.
1sIuT;sg0ins, ~ have returned to their
ss III vile Platte.
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1911-05-13

JNO. IT. MICHEL, REGULAR;
JUDGE l.. E. HALL, q. g. l..
These Men Will Be Ptted Against Each Other In the
Coming Primary. .--AswelI and Bailey Still
In Race

Michel, his supporters are on the
outside and want to get in-in
some instances very laudable
ambition.
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1911-05-13
"JACK and The BEAN STALK
DslIqhiful Operslia Rendered by ST. Landry
High SCh0OI PUPILS

Tuesday night a pretty little
operetta ::Jack and the Bean
Stalk, +" was presented at the st.
Landry High School auditorium.
1t marked the closing Of the
primary, intermediate and gram
mar grades for this term.
Children of the different
| grades took part, and each exert
ed their best efforts to make the
play a success, which it was.
The performance was splendid,
which showed that time and
pains were taken to accomplish
its success. Over sixty-five
dollars was cleared, which
amount will go to help defray in
cidental expenses and to increas-
ing the school libraries.
Pretty piano music was fur
nished for the occasion by Mr..
Sidney Roos with his violin.
Those who took the leading parts.
in the play were:
The Giant Howard Voorhies
Jack ........ ......... ......... Lionel Castillo
The Fairy Miss Marie Lormand
Jacks Mother Miss Lizzie Cooke
The Giants Wife {. .............. ..........
,.......,.. iii. Miss Alileene Oge
The High School Literary So
ciety will give an Open Session
on May 25th. All are invited to.
attend. The admission will be
Is and 25 cents.
Graduation exercises will take
place on the 7th of June.
Mr.. and Mrs. Yves Andre
pont were visitors to Grand
Coteau Sunday.
Mr.. o. S. Smith of Houston,
Texas, was visitor here Mon
day.
Misses Mary O. Littell and
Lulu Comeau returned from Vile
Platte Monday, where they visit
ed relatives and friends.
MIR. j. ]. Naff was a busi-
ness visitor to Monroe this week. |
MIR. Linsley, of Port Barre
was the guest of friends here
Mr.. Tom Lewis Jr. was a
visitor to Basile Sunday.
Karl and Cecile Virgins are
spending q week switln5relativea.|
and friends in Vile Platte.
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1911-05-13

Continued on page q
St. Landry clarion. (Opelousas, La.) 1890-1921, 1911-05-13

The St Landry da.) Clarion is Without
Seabs 0ns Of the bsst edited nd prIaisd
seekllss ID the whOIs ssush.--AKERICAE
AEHsPAPER UNION.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-04-07
CATHOLIC CHURCH
AND HUMANITY
Interesting Sermon Was Delivered at
ST. Mary's by Rev. George
c. Gigllnger.

The Catholic church founded by
Christ, is in the world and for the
world but the world to a great extent
rejects it as it rejected its founder.
1t is, however, the church that civil
liked the barbarians. and rescued
science, literature and arts from al
most universal oblivion, giving them
q shelter and home In the monasteries
and converts. She is today just as
conscious of the divine mission en-
trusted to her alone by the Savior
as she was in days gone by. Catho-
lies are often blamed for not being
progressive enough, and South Ameri-
can backwardness is cited in confir-
nation of this assertion. The church
has been founded for the salvation
of immortal souls. and if South Ameri-
ca is not making such rapid strides
in engineering, electricity etc. ii it
doesn't build dams like the Keokuk
dam. it is not the fault of the church
but of the people of South America.
Jesus Christ never taught anything
but what had reference to eternal life.
and the mission of the church is no
other than Christ's. 1t is opposed to
every innovation in creed and fights
for socialism on the ground that il
undermines all religion and does away
with some of the Ten Commandments.
The church does not NEEDLE with pure
ly economic questions but it has de-
clared war on all who make religion
a mere appendix of the state or of So
cial life. The Catholic church is not
opposed to human progress. The con.
domination also of modernism by Pope
Plus X is not hit at science or art or
literature but at downright llnbelief
under the mission to direct everything
to its true center, the Goldman, Jesus
Christ.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-04-07
,abitants ard property owners in the

habitants ard property owners In the
said city, and
WHEREAS. by the construction,
erection, operation and maintenance
of said dam, new water level win
be caused which will subject to over
flow a certain part of the northwest
quarter of section thirteen (13) in
township sixty-five t65) north in
range five t5) west of the Fifth prin-
cipal meridian, Lee county, Iowa, which
said real estate now belongs to the
said city of Keoluk, and
WHEREAS, that part of the said
northwest quarter of said section be-
longing to the city of Keokuk which
will be subject to overflow by said
new water level has not proved suit
able or available for use for the pur.
poses for which it was acquired, being
outside OF present city limits, and il
lis not necessary to reserve streets
along or through the same to accom-
modate adjoining property owners,
and
WHEREAS, the remaining portion
of said tract of land will lie mucn
benefited and greatly increased in
value because of said new water level
resulting from the construction, opera
ton and maintenance of said dam,
and will be greatly identified and in
creased in value because of the fact
that the said one and fifty-three hun
dredths t1.53) acres, more or less,
will be overlooked and submerged,
which flooding of the same will mater
tally contribute to the improvement
of said tract of land and make it use
full for the purposes for which 1t was
acquired, and
WHEREAS the said MISSISSIPPI
RIVER WATER POWER COMPANY
has offered to pay the city OF Keokuk
for conveyance of the right to over
flow said land. the sum OF one dollar
($1.00), now
THEREFORE, BE 1T ORDAINED
BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE
CITY OF KEOKUK, IOWA:
Section |. That the city of KeokuS
in consideration of one dollar (s1.On)
does hereby grant, sell and convey to
the said MISSISSIPPI RIVER pow
Err COMPANY, Ga corporation duly
organized and existing under and by
virtue OF the laws of the state of
Maine) it's grantees, successors and
assigns the permission and the per
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-04-07
SPECIAL ORDINANCE NO. Az.

AN ORDINANCE GRANTING TO
THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER POWER
| COMPANY, IT'S GRANTEES, sue.
| CESSORS AND ASSIGNS, THE PER
PETUAL RIGHT TO BACK WATER
/ OVER AND TO FLOOD AND SUB.
I MERGE FOREVER ONE AND FIFTY,
THREE HUNDREDTHS 1.53)
ACRES, MORE OR LESS, IN THE
NORTHWEST QUARTER OF SEC
}TION THIRTEEN 49,, IN TOWN
SHIP sIxTY-FTvE 1850 NORTH IN
! RANGE FIVE (5) WEST OF THE
FIFTH PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN, IN
LEE COUNTY, IOWA.
! WHEREAS, the government OF the
United States has heretofore granted
unto THE KEOKuK AND HAMII.-
TON WATER POWER COMPANY.
Ga corporation organized and existing
under and by virtue of the laws OF
the state of IIlinois), it's grantees.
successors and assigns, the right 70
erect, construct, operate and maintain
a dam across the Des Moines rapids
in the Mississippi river for the de.
velopment of water power and the
generation, use and transmission
therefrom of electric energy and pow
er; said grant and said rights being
contained in and created and granted
by an act of congress entitled, "An
Act granting to THE KEOKUK AND
HAMILTON WATER POWER COM
pANY rights to construct and main
tain for the improvement of naviga
ton and development of water power,
a dam across the Mississippi river"
approved February 8, 1905, and
WHEREAS, by the act of congress
hereinbefore referred to, the said THE
KEOKUK AND HAMILTON WATER
POWER COMPANY, its grantees, sue
cessors and assigns are required to
build a lock and dry dock with their
appurtenances for the use of the
United States government and in the
aid of navigation of the Mississippi
river, and
WHEREAS, THE MISSISSIPPI
RIVER POWER COMPANY. is the
grantee, assignee and successor of
THE KEOKUK AND HAMILTON
WATER POWER COMPANY and
has acquired by purchase and assign
ment all the rights and privileges or
said THE KEOKUK AND HAMILTON
WATER POWER COMPANY and as
such grantee, assignee and successor
az begun and is now constructing
and erecting said dam, and
WHEREAS, the construction, erec-
ton and maintenance of said dam is
of great commercial advantage to the
citizens and property owners of Keo-
kuk and will greatly develop and pro-
mote the prosperity. general vel
fare. comfort and convenience of the
city OF Keokuk, and of all OF the in
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-04-07

Cell Tissue Tonic will give you new
and greater strength-self reliance
to meet YOUR everyday duties and
tasks-and VIII enable you to get
sound and refreshing sleep at night.
This is the last and greatest triumph
OF the renowned blood specialist DR..
G. a. Hoag, and Cell Tissue Tonic is
proving itself the most wonderful dis
coyery in the medical line that the
country has known for generations
Just what the great majority of both
men and women need. Something that
viii help the blood cells to combat
and throw OFF disease build UP weak
and discouraged men and women
and put new interest into life.
CeH IissBs Tonic is quick and
sure relief for al such troubles ag
Paleness and Weakness. Debilitation
fworn-out condition OF men and WON
en-, Stomach and Bowel Trouble Gin
infants AZ well AZ In adults), Hysteria.
Painting Spells, Insomnia fsleepIess-
ness, and Poor assimilation of the
Food
There IS nothing elge in the mar.
kef anywhere Ike ii, nor that even
GLAZING ~ bs, 80 remember what to
ssk 'or, Dr. ItoaE's Cell Tissue Tonic
TOOK for the green iabeI). For sale
by al druggists Or sent direct with
alI charges PREPAID Price s10o. DR..
e. \ iios4 ~, quite ~ rs West
Klazie ~, li1josgo, ~,
Our 8iiome doctor Book is the
Dest eYer DDDiished. Contains in
stuetloBs On rare ~ sick and sick
room ~ vel rs much valuable in
formation, a;1 N sent TO anyone
FkEE nm geqgest, ceIl.Tissue
Tome ~ m saif and recommended
~ ~ il7Az sfese. III Reokuk.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-04-07
Scottville, Mich
you how much goot
ily, but I tell then.


lily, but tell them of my good friend.
your Vegetable Compound. and that
there will be no backache and bearing
down pains for them if they will take
1t as have. l am scarcely ever with
out it in the house.
I will say also that think there is
no better medicine to be found for
young girls to build them llp and make
them strong and well. NV eldest
daughter has taken lydia f. Pink
hams Vegetable Compound for pain
ful periods and irregularity, and it has
always helped her.
am always ready and willing to
speak good word for the Lydia E.
Pinkham's Remedies / tell every one
meet that [ owe my health and hap
piness TO these wonderful medicines"
Mrs. }. G. JOHNSON, Scottyille, Mich,
RID. 5.
Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Com
pound, made from native roots and
herbs. contains no narcotics or harm
ful drugs, and to-day holds the record
for the largest number Of actual cures
OF female diseases.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-04-07

with the increased education in meth
DDS and business make the farms a
more productive factor in our life.
Mr.. DeYoe told of an European
geography whose only n,ention OF
Iowa was that fact that she raised
more hogs to the square mile than
any other territory in the world. He
stated that his desires was to make Il
said OF Iowa that she again would
hold the record she once had of hay
ing the best schools and educational
facilities of any other similar terri.
tory on the globe
Some of the bills introduced into
the Iowa legislature which pertained
to school affairs was next discussed
and the reception they were given BY
the legislature dwelt upon One Of
the bills that Superintendent DeYoe
was very DESTROYS OF having passed
was one establishing state help for all
high schools that would put in two
year normal course in their high
schools This course would provide
rural teachers. He stated that the
cities and colleges took all the norm.
al, college and university graduates.
leaving the rural schools to shift for
their instructors.
The lack of funds was dwelt upon
and comparison made with the
amounts spent by our neighboring
states for their educational advance
ment Iowa stooc at the bottom with
q total expenditure Of less amount
than the salary of the Illinois state
superintendent.
In closing, Superintendent DcYoe
stated what his idea Of education wag
as follows: To-day when the trend
is toward commercialism, we should
teach that not money, not social cast,
not fame, no not even scholarship.
will make men and women WORTHY.
Train them that sympathy for Others,
purity of life, honesty properly direct
ed effort, good manners, good viii,
and respect for law are the determin.