davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1911-03-19

viii scarcely he disputed. Also II is
certain that the scheme when it Is
evolved will be run on strictly CONNER
cial lines, otherwise it could not succeed.
The suggestion is one for the considera-
ton Of capitalists and it promises
rich return ultimately for money laid
out on the initiation Of the project. The
first steps. Of course. would he TO call a
committee Of experts in aeronautical en-
cincering. insurance authorities and rep
resentatives of the leading aeronautical
bodies. This general committee would
appoint subcommittee TO deal with
particular aspects of the whole ques-
tion. TO draw up plans for the inspection
and proving of aerial vessels Of all kinds.
to settle the rates of insurance. and
so on.
Another insurance man who Is an
officer in a large company noted for the
versatility Of its activities N figuring |
on so-called hazardous risks explained |
that the personality of the aviator-ap- |
plicant would undoubtedly always be a /
most important element in fixing the /
premium rates. Whether the applicant I
was fitted by nature TO be an aviator or |
aeronaut would be difficult said this Off !
cial. to determine, but was one Of those |
things that there would have TO be some /
plan devised TO cover. There would have /
10 be tests devised. he said. although 1
what those tests would be like he was |
positive lie could not even family sug
gest at this early day" But certainly. |
he said. there would have to be some !
way provided to famiiarize the under /
writers with what various machines :
could be expected 10 perform under
varying conditions and some standard I
fixed which aviators would have to meet /
i'm the matter Of proving their personal
CO pacity at their respective wheels.
1t might develop. he said, that the
insurance companies would decide to ac-
cept. without separate Investigation.
only ayiators who had received licenses
from the International Aeronaut!c
Federation and its affiliated clubs. But
he thought this was extremely doubtful.
The whole thing would have to be stand
New-York tribune., 1911-03-19

history Of human flight has been great.
The causes contributing to this situa-
ton are however. rather hopeful. 1t
would appear than otherwise, consid-
cred from the point of view either Of the
insurance company or the race interest
ed in ultimate trustworthlness Of all
aerial craft. It must be a source Of
qualification TO all aeronautic students
TO note how large is the proportion of
fatal accidents due to the breakage of
parts OF the machine. This implies q
fault in construction. and not in prin-
ciple. which may readily inspire hopes
that in a comparatively short time the
construction will be adapted to meet the
strain under all circumstances. just as
has been the case with other vehicles.
At present. when lightness of construc-
ton Is necessary. accidents are bound TO
occur. But these casualties are dimin-
ishing In proportion to the number OF
men flying. and 1t is almost an assured
thing that they will continue to do so.
a prize for "controllabiity" in the
matter of speed has just been offered in
France This is decided step toward
insurance The aeroplane has now ar
rived at a stage in its development when
n straightaway fight Of practically any
distance presents no obstacles, il the
rate OF progress is left entirely to the
aviator TO decide as best suits his aero
plane at the time. The tendency Of the
present moment Is 10 attach too much
Importance. perhaps. TO mere distance
, OF flight. either combined or not with
high speed. Approximately 100000
in prize money went into the pockets of
aviators in 1910. but so far as known
only a single prize was devoted TO
making the aeroplane more controllable
! in the matter OF speed.
This exception was at Boston, last
! August. when Walter Brookns, in d
! Wright. made the slow speed record for
( the world. II the aeroplane becomes n
dclicately controllable mechanism in the
matter of speed the underwriters will be
long way ahead in figuring futures"
In that case the aeroplane will be
capable Of undertaking Journeys worked
J out to schedule as close. or nearly as
close, as those governing the railroad
train or the motor road service. To-
day the rule is TO open the throttle
valve Of the engine and pray that the
maximum revolutions of the propellers
may occur while flying across country.
Wator and town ANY apprecia ble SLOW
ing down means coming 10 earth.
New-York tribune., 1911-03-19
AN EDITORS TROUBLES.

When II comes TO the accident insur-
,nca companies in this city Their anu
,u5e has been one OF supreme deter
rination 10 leave the gambling TO Mr.
Cato. or anv other individual who feels
the flush OF sporting instinct. +. La
Rue Jones. editor of "Aeronautlcs' said
ihe other day that he had been COM
PEELED to pay the price for being pioheei'
He is carving a $1,000 accident lhsuT-
snce policy. The company became
frightened, he said, when it saw pho'o-
rraphs In his magazine Of aeroplaneS
among the clouds. airships over church
spires and remembered that he. MI
Jones. was engaged in such dangerous
occupation as that Of editing aeronautic
Information pertaining not only TO Amer
lea. but the big, round world. The COM
panv informed Mr.. Jones, he says. that
m all cases where tho insured is known
be engaged in any way in aeronautlcai
work, to protect itself. the company
aforesaid, as hereinafter set forth, etc.
only $3.50 instead Of the 5000 race
value Of the policy. Mr.. Jones tried 10
assume a frivolous mien TO prove that
editing any sort Of magazine was not
work. merely pastime. He even saId ne
did not personally take the photographs
that later were used in his publication.
He declared that he was in danger from
no aeronautic source save possible bank
ruptcy proceedings through an adverse
decision in the postage rates. But the
company attached its little rider just
the same, and all Mr. Jones can do is to
ask himself over and over again Why"
An officer in one Of the largest llabil-
ity insurance companies in the country
was inclined 10 treat lightly-most
lightly. in fact-the suggestion Of
Tribune man the other day that insur-
ance companies might soon be scrap-
bling for aerial risks.
New-York tribune., 1911-03-19

Gyroscopic instinct? Can you MAINTAIN
your plane of rotation against disturb
Ing forces? Is your head resistance nor
NAL? What is the rate Of resistance or
your forehead to movement through the
air? Is 1t closely proportionate TO It's
projected area? Does your mind become
befogged in n cloud? II not, why?
1t is roughly estimated that there will
be demand for 10000 flying machines
throughout the entire world during the
present year. Allowing a cost OF S3'ooO
for each machine Ohe standard price Is
still held at $4,000, this means that
S3O,OOOO00 will be spent in the flying
machine industry in 1911. Does II net
seem little strange that so little Is
heard concerning preparation by the
insurance companies To print aero poll
cies? The figures mentioned are only
offered for this years business. There
were ten flying machines on earth three
wears ago. If their multiplication dur
ing the next three years Is in the same
relation as between the last three years.
namely, at the ratio between 10 and
10000, the prospects for profitable IN
surance business should appear pretty
rosy, should they not?
In all justice however, 1t must be
recognized that insurance men have not
been supplied with much encouragement
In the way OF vital aviation statistics.
And yet, again. in the face OF an ad-
vance greater by far than the automo-
bile industry enjoyed during its first few
years, is 1t not pertinent to inquire
whether the time has not arrived for
serious study by American insurance
men of aerial accident and life business?
II cannot be successfully ignored that
the loss in human lives thus far In the
New-York tribune., 1911-03-19
The Peril of the Wild Birds

and game resources In such measures.
Years Of effort and accomplishment
toward legally guarding the birds that save
our crops from destruction by insect pests
as well as our waning game hocks will be
wasted IL the millincrs and market men
win even one victory in this crucial con-
test" said 7. Gilbert Pearson. secretary
Of the National Association OF Audubon
Societies. at its headquarters. NO ll
Broadway I'VE know that other state
legislatures are watching the efforts OF the
commercial interests 10 overthrow bird pro-
tective laws in the Empire State. and that
II they succeed the effect will be TO break
down all barriers against Ire forces that
are constantly plotting TO destroy American
bird life for their own gain In this criti-
cal time we can only count upon the moral
and financial support Of every man. woman
and child in this country who would he
benefited by the perpetuat!on OF our eco
nomcally valuable bird resources"
New-York tribune., 1911-03-19

break occurred. Were any Of the accl-
dents In which you played the leading
part reported in the daily press as fatal
at the time? Are you still named III
foreign magazines devoted exclusively
10 the science OF aviation as among the
"killed. for the advancement of the
art?"
DO YOU wing warp on making turn
or operate In some way not alleged py
the Wright brothers to be an infring-
ment OF their patent rights? If the
latter, why don't you mako public the
secret for which the aviators OF the
world have been searching since the
dawn OF the science. December IL.
1903?
How is your centre OF gravity? Has
II ever caused you to be absent from
your business OF awaiting? How Is your
balance, bank -, mental -? Has the
latter ever been out OF repair? II so,
state attitudes at which such occasions
arose. with rate OF speed attained while
ucSFtnulUB. DO you "NN'N W
equilibrium by hand or automatic move
ment OF balancing. as opposed to eqni-
librium maintained by stablizlng?
How is your aspiration? Does the
phenomenon by which under certain
circumstances an air current flowing
against the edge of properly curved
wing or aeroplane surface draws such
surface toward the current make you
pause? Do you understand this
question? II so, explain, as we cannot
make head or tail Of It, 1t is inserted
herewith upon advice Of college pro-
fessor who maintains that 1t has an
important psychological bearing on an
applicants fitness for insurance.
Have you ever been examined for the
New-York tribune., 1911-03-19
NO BALLOON RISKS FOR HIM.

Why DO YOU call particularly on me-"
the Insurance official asked. us it be-
cause look as If would be selected
by my company to attend to this balloon
business you are talking about? / don't
Know the first thing about balloons.
Why do YOU come TO me? / don't wanc
whaye anything to do with balloons up
'othe air or tied TO the ground. Why
mould you try to argue me into worry
Ing about balloons when I don't want
to' II Rad only been sitting at this
oesk twenty-seven minutes instead or
t~enty.seven years might be able and
willing TO tell you all about balloon IN
surance. But I don't know anything
about balloon insurance and my COM
pany doesn't want to know anything
about any such business. We have all
KINDS Of troubles Of our own as 1t is."
The Tribune man tried to submit fig
ures Of probable sums that would be In
vested In aeronautics during the present
year. The insurance official referred the
reporter TO London, saying that any De-
smning in balloon" work from the point
of view Of the insurance man would un-
ooubtedly originate on British soil. Why,
ns did not say. Notwithstanding the
'eporters feeble attempt to explain that
ali that few were not balloons. the In
surance man continued to refer to the
subject OF aeronautic science as balloon
'aik" and then the reporter went away
from there.
Inc difficulty of setting up any stand
ara Of structural strength and flying
emciency for aeroplanes and dirigibie
oanoons Will occur even to the most
essual reader OF aeronautic news. But
~ffainly 1t would seem TO be not too
soon to attempt TO form standards. The
vmculty Of creating a standard and
VARIABLE system Of insurance for aerial
nsV'gation ought not to prove an insup-
slaDle obstacle to making the attempt.
ane proposition that 1t Is bound TO come
New-York tribune., 1911-03-19
ACCENTS IN THE PULPIT.
The minister smiled.

The minister smiled.
First we got DR.. Charles +. Aked
from Liverpool" he said "and now an
other alien preacher is coming to New
York from Birmingham. II this keeps
on, our metropolitan churches viii soon
be as foreign as our metropolitan opera.
Il know what makes us bring these
men over here. It's their accent. New
York is foolishly enamoured Of the Eng
lish accent
I'VE natives say ut for it, 'dawg' for
cog. derby for bowler waist for
blouse, 'cawfee' for coffee clerk for
clark and we have a number Of colo
quialisms about making reservations
and delivering the goods and going
some that creep into the pulpit
Creeping in, they drive us out. and
the British preacher. with his 'cahn'ts'
and fahsts.' gets our jobs"
New-York tribune., 1911-03-19
Attack on Protective Laws Is
Vigorously Resisted.

To meet the onslaught of vast comm ar-
cial interests that have begun a fierce fight
10 break down bird protective laws in
many legislatures throughout the country
call for the support OF every American
woman. farmer and business man who
must depend upon agricultural prosperity
has been issued from the headquarters IL
the National Association of Audubon Socie-
ties in this city. While rich millinery and
market firms are known 10 he working des-
perately TO make in this state the hrst
breach in the wall Of legal protection that
has only recently been flung about It's
bird life. leaders In the oranges, civic or
ganizatons and women's clubs in every
section are offering their help 10 rouse the
people to defeat the schemes OF the com
mercial bird butchers. II the interests sue
ceed I'm killing this states safeguards on
bird life. their powerful raids will be next
directed at the laws that protect game and
insect eating wild birds in California. Mas
sachusetts oregon. Louisiana, Missouri
and other states. II IL declared.
As a basis for the battle of the people
against the commercial forces that would
fatten on the relics Of American bird lifc
the Audubon workers are offering their
national organization, which can count on
thirteen hundred active members. scattered
through thirty-nine states of the Union
Each of these men and women is being
urged to rally the people OF his or her
community to protest against the destruc-
tion OF state bird protective laws thar Is
being cunningly pressed by agents or the
millinery and market combinations. Lead
ers In the national scientific, ornthological
and geological organizations. rs well as the
National Federation of Women's Clubs.
have been pledged to cooperate In this
urgent appeal to the people.
Legislation to revive spring shooting and
kill game storage laws for the selfish ends
of the game butcher has already been In
troduced in this state. and the milliners
are now backing bill which will nulltfy
the effect of the law protecting irsect eat
ing birds that the Audubon association
helped to put on the statute books after
years of successful opposition from the
powerful millinery forces. Special funds
are being raised at Audubon heaquarters
here by individual contributions to enatle
expert ornthologsts to go to Albany and
point out the danger to the nations crops
New-York tribune., 1911-03-19
The SUBSTANCE is SOUND.

The late Paul Morton had an inerad-
icable faith in the great mass. or middle
class, of the American people.
1--WE may have corrupt multimillion-
aires" he once said at dinner at the
Metropolitan Club, "and we may have
anarchistic and nihilistic slums: but So
ciety. after all. is like pie.
Yes. like pie. There Is an upper
crust and lower crust. but the real
substance lies between
New-York tribune., 1911-03-19


.,nrnon. Where WI, o''
e'.'.''b .r then ?-EXchanse'
,,,,roRs and aeronauts in many
4 o,o men apart. Certainly
n - ,boir ostracism by insurance
-. are unlike most Of mankind
a.d vet they particularly need the COM
<ar, that financial fellowship with suon
'o. hsstows. No class Of laoorers' even
'.,..s,,c '.'." steeplejacks, needs sueh COM
incI'o'.'9 1,.s the old story: When you
,rant thing a whole lot 'nere Is % o,ts" ~.
megaphonic go. no acc'''P"'''D y
p brace of cymoa's' o+ ono In
eo far as known there IS not one ~"
oo,onanv i'm America writing
our illustrious airmen' Inc
hoord Of underwriters thus lar mas pe.
..,i,,ed the aeronautic fraternit! 10 oa'-
-. ,,.;,t us uns and downs unsoiaced oy
o,o nicturos Of financial prosperity
, i,s families when the downs result
,,.a.ro,s,v \ Workman in dynamite
s.c,orv is not insured against loss OF
,,noa through unexpected ascensions' TINS
,s reasonable. hut why, oh why ASK
two thousand practical aeronauts'
.not the actuaros figure out Dement'S
tor their inescapable and depioFao'e
descents? ,;.oz
IJovds. of London. have been created
~, drawing up policies protecting
against loss through turns. The hieh
.ss, ~ living is said TO have brought
.s,. nolicy into prominence. the Will
,-,ess Of that we'll known insurance
,.rv ~ equal John W. Gates in
~.,h,,nc on futures has been an estab-
w.nsd truism for so many years tha'
~. nublic is ready to accept any IN
..rr,a,ion that emanatcs from its Lon
aon headquarters as pertaining 10 soou'
'..,,,r,ate up-to-the-scratch insurance
r;et Evidently Lloyds. Of London nave
h.., ouietly at work formulating taoies'
,..nans soliciting Zeppelin's business
.a establishing an Office for the sale oi
.,Ao,;on nolicies. Of which this country.
the homo Of the aerial movement mas
heard faint echoes merely.
few davs ago Lloyds announced IN
foreign publication that aviation insur-
.rcs risks would be quoted by w. !.
roamore & Co.. No. 100 Piccadilly, Lon
dan w. on accidental damage. third
nartv. fire and transit. theft and burg
isrvn and that "othcr risks would ne
ouoted on receipt Of details" The de-
narture is so very recent that the Lloyds
New York Office is not in possession OF
any Of the details.
New-York tribune., 1911-03-19

the lifting power. number from eighteen
to twenty. The covering Of the structure
is Of a fire resisting silk. specially coat
ed with a proofing; the upper half Of It
is coated with aluminium dust TO reflect
the suns rays; the lower half keeps the
yellow shade OF tho silk Similar material
incloscs the gangway. The gondolas are
OF wood and will float on the water. The
engine in tho forward sondoIa drives two
wooden two -bladed propeIlers. The en-
cine in the aft gondoIa drives ono two
bladed propeller. To raise and lower the
ship there are three parallel horizontal
New-York tribune., 1911-03-19

The first airship built for the British
Navy underwent certain trials the otncr
dav in the presence Of the governments
advisory committee on aeronautics'.
says The illustrated London News.
The craft is rigid. Of large capacity and
great radius Of action. The first idea was
10 make the framework Of aluminium
but. instead. duralumIn. one OF the mag
nesum alloys OF aluminium was pre-
ferrcd The structure in which the bal,
looms are contained has length OF oi%
feet and a diameter OF az feet. me pal-
Icons referred to, which, Of course, give
New-York tribune., 1911-03-19

planes on both port and starboard sides
forward and aft. Lateral movement is
attained by three groups Of vertical aero
planes or rudders. The figures on our
drawing refer to the following I. Arrow
showing direction of flight; ?, gondola
and engine: 3, the sangway; q, single
propeller, aft: 5. forward propeller, one OF
two worked by engine in forward gon-
doIa; 6. horizontal planes, aft; Z. horizon,
tai planes, forward; 8, and 10, vertical
planes
New-York tribune., 1911-03-19
AM AERosus READY FOR 1.-THE ROAD"

Tn. could s'adss h. be % ,s
left hrna in tying naonIne
to
horse are
U nit. will be than is now. The Throne
New-York tribune., 1911-03-19
GRAHAME-WHITE AND LLOYDS.

When Claude Grahame-W White was In
Boston last summer he cabled Lloyds
at London after being refused insur-
ance in the United States, and received
wcrd that they would accept him as
risk at 81 per cent. 1t is doubtful If
higher rate would be charged for the
ruler of Central American hotbed OF
revolution where reyolvers are cheap
and ammunition plentiful.
The aviator pilot licenses issued by the
Aero Club of France numbered 3o4 on
January j, of which 32I were granted
in 1910. OF these, ii, or slightly less
than per cent. have met death as A
result of aeropane accidents. Nine OK
these We're French, the other five repre-
senting other nationalities. OF the $40
now flying 263 are French. the - others
including Peruvian. Brazilian, Gillian.
Uruguayan, Rurlanian. Turkish, Aus
tralian and japanese aviators A largs
number of men Of other nationalities
also passed their tests in France. OBJ
tanning licenses from their home clubs.
New-York tribune., 1911-03-19
What Is Cost of surng Aaos Neck? Higher Than His Flight
As 10000 Flying Machines
May Be in Use Before the
Current Year Closes, In.
surance Concerns
Scent Business.

Insurance companies can hnd vital
statistics relating to balloons. and these.
while not particularly dolorous in tone.
show that going up in tho air Is still
considerably more Of a sportive propo-
sition than travelling by rail. Georges
Besancon. secretary general Of the Aero
Club Of France, recorded between 1879
and February, 1905. 1907 balloon ascen-
sions in Germany. These balloons car
ried 1870 persons. and there was only
one death in 86 accidents. The acci-
dents were II cases Of fractured ankles.
4 broken legs. broken arm. knee In
juries. 6 dislocated shoulders. 8 injured
feet and 1 dislocated hand. In 1908 the
railroads carried S90.O09.574 passengers
and 1,45S,244 employees, with 1OSl3
fatalities and 105, ,234 injured.
SOME PIONEER POLICIES.
One insurance company In Boston II
said to have nine policies In force cover
Ing accidents to heavier-than-air ma
chimes. The policy is upon "the body.
machinery and equipment Of the aero
plane, separate or assembled. anywhere
In the United States or in Canada or on
board coastwise steamers" It Is writ
ten at 2 to 21z per cent on three-fourths
the manufacturers cost and the essen
tial parts are:
No. 1-Against actual loss Of damage
to the aeroplane hereby insured by fre
arising from any cause whatever ex-
cept the collision Of said aeroplane with
the earth or any other object than an
other aeroplane, while in flight: also
while being transported by any common
carrier by land or water. against loss or
damage caused by stranding. sinking or
collision, burnl' . or derailment Of vessel
or car transporting said aeroplane.
No. 2-This policy is also made to
cover against loss by collision with an
other aeroplane while in flight.
This is a start. but surely 1t will not
be long before the aviator whose ma
chine is in trouble in midair will be
compelled to try to find another aero
plane to fly against to make his insur-
ance policy valuable after the sudden
stop. In explaining this policy it's
originator said: I'VE cover everything
except collision with buildings, trees or
the earth, In which case We conceive
that the machine ceases to be an aero
plane and becomes junk. We cover from
loss while in the shed and in transit ex-
cept from damage due to faulty pack
ing or shifting of cargo. But the main
thing is the moral hazard. We seek to
make the owner share the risk by writ
ing insurance only up 10 three-fourths
Of the cost to the manufacturer. not the
cost to the purchaser. Thus the owner
has quarter interest in the safety Of
the aeroplane. Also we offer a varia-
ton OF u per cent in rate. thus being
enabled to protect ourselves 10 certain
extent against the careless owner"
npAuAMC WHITE AMI JIOVnS
New-York tribune., 1911-03-19
Premiums on Such Risks Are
Already Quoted in Certain
Quarters and Only Most
Expert "Birdmen"
Need Apply.

Wilbur @ w[sht vii .ags osr hH0E insafaneo @ premiums
r then ?-EXchanSe'
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1911-03-23

THE N. <. FAIRBAiIIS COMPANY !
CHICAGO