davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1911-02-10
GRAND LODGE
ADJOURNS

The "A. o. Y W. grand lodge, after
being u session here since Tuesday
morning adjourned last night aboat
O'Clock and most Of the delegates
left for their homes on the night
trains
Among the Interesting features Of
the closing hours was the selection Of
q place tor the next meeting, in which
stillwater won over oklahoma CITY ia
lively contest
Resolutions Of thanks to the people
and members OF the order in Chicka.
sha were unanimously adopted and
many Of The delegates individually ex.
pressed themselves as highly pleased
with The treatment accorded to them
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1911-02-10
Visitors E2preS SIS
Appreciation

The following expression OF appre-
citation was adopted BY the A. o, Y.
~. grand lodge Thursday afternoon:
The thirteenth annual session of
the Grand Lodge of Oklahoma, Az q,
II WI at the conclusion of its labors
ii the city OF Chickasha, records. with
pleasure, it's appreciation Of cordial re-
ception and hospltable entertainment
that has been accorded it by the
Queen City OF the Washita We feel
that our deliberations have been faeili-
tated b, the provisions for our com.
tort and convenience, and that
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1911-02-10
CLAIMS Are
Held UP

Special by United Fress.
Oklahoma City. Feb. TO-. State Au.
ditor Leo Meyer has held up claims
agaiir5t the state aggregating $4,000,
pending the passage Of the Wynn bin
whiea yalidates the 1909 appropriation
bills which We're declared illegal BY
q recent decision Of the supreme
court
A number Of teachers in state
schools and employees in other lnsti-
ntions received no pay on Feb. ! and
will receive none until the bill is pass
ed and signed BY Gov Cruce.
Some Of the state departments
which were affected hy the decision
must also walt FOR funds.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1911-02-10
MEXICAN
GENERAL
Is SHOT
az HIS OWN MEN-f,5oo FEDERAL
SOLDIERS DESERT TO THE in
SURREcTos.
Special by United Press.

Special by United Press.
Huachuca. Ariz.. Feb. lO.-General
Torres, commander Of the Mexican
federal troops in the state Of Sonora
was accidently shot in the neck by
one of his own men while returning
from an engagement with the insur-
rectos, so miles south Of the border,
according to reports brought by
couriers who arrived here today. His
wound is said to be dangerous.
The battle occurred in the vicinity
Of Tonichi. Other couriers gave de-
tails of recent engagements in Sonora.
After skirmish near Sahaurcha, l.
500 federal soldiers joined the insur-
rectos which leaves Sonora practical
~ without defenders.
According to the reports, so fed
erals were killed in the battle near
Tonichi
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1911-02-10
OKLA. GETS
INCREASE
OF THREE
BASIS or APPoRTloNMENT or
coNeREssmEN IS FIXED BY THE
HOUSE.

Washington, Feb lO-The demo
Gratis Of the house. aided by few re-
pubIicans,. who declined to be bound
BIZ ths party caucus, Thursday won
their fight for an increased represen.
tation in the lower branch Of congress
under the census OF 1910,
They voted down the republican eau
Gus bill to maintain the membership
at SS1, as at present and then passed
the original Crumpacker bill, fixing
the membership at 433 on and after
March 3, 1918. If Arizona and New
Mexico should be admitted to state.
hood they will be given one represer.
tatiyc each, bringing the total to 4S5.
Tho action OF the house must be
ratified by the senate. The house
leaders believe the senate viii follow
the wishes OF the lower branch.
Under the new reapportioument
plan no state loses member, The
following states gain she number ia.
dicated.
Alabama I, California 3, Colorado 4,
Florida !, Georgia 4, Idaho j, Illinois
2, Louisiana 1, Massachusetts 2, Mich
igan 1, Minnesota 4 Montana I, New
Jersey 2, New York 6, North Dakota
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1911-02-10

At the Christian church this evening
40 people who think they can spell
will meet in a contest. 20 on side
and photographed stunts win be
pulled on that win make Noah Web
ster think he couldn't spell baker
The big spelling bee is to be pulled
of under the auspices Of st. Luke's
Guild Of the Episcopal church and the
Christian Aid society. Admission will
be free and everybody is invited, but
an offering will be taken
Before the spelling begins short
musical program will be rendered Il
win include instrumental numbers By
Mrs, p H. Roche and Mrs. Kendall
Callaway and vocal solo BY Miss
Elizabeth Butler Rev NJ, t. Butler
will offer an Invocation and have gen.
eral charge Of the evenings perform.
ance
INSERE SPFLIN BEE lPi, 4.
supMRamey will be the pronouncer
and tK words will be taken from the
Oklahoma speller but the spelling Of a
word as given BY Webster will be ac-
cepted Rev Andrew P Johnson will
be on hand with Dictionary to set
tie and dispute that may arise.
The Spoilers.
The Christian church will be repre-
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1911-02-10
Pull OFF OIL FASHIN
SPELIN BE TOONITE

sented by Rev. Butler, G. c. Kirkpat-
rick, Mrs. Harry Johnson. stopper
Witherspoon, Mrs. Emma Estill Mrs
Williams, Mr. and Mrs. r. T. Denbo,
Or. Cook, Mrs. J. A. Thompson, Miss
MeWilIiams, Mrs. Abernethy. Miss
Inez Springer, Miss Lola Garrison G.
B. Marsh. Mrs w. H. Livermore, Miss
Julia Rice, Mrs, Eva Crosby, Mrs,
Paul vann, Mrs. Todd Hartman and
substitutes, Bernadette Dugan, a. F..
Book, Pauline Owens, Martin Coryell
and Mrs Bell
The Episcopal church spoilers are
Mrs. T . Losey, s. q Durbin, J n.
Harrington. p. G. Spinning, Mr. and
Mrs. Wylie Warfeld, Mr.. and Mrs. 81.
don Lowe, Mr. and Mrs. T H. Dwyer,
j. w. Kayser, Mrs. j. R.
Harris. Mrs. J. f. Earring
ton, Col T. J. O'NeiIl. Or. T. B.
Coulter, L. w. Miller, DR.. n Fl. VIII
liams, G. II. Evans, Attorney Charles
Fechheimer, Mrs. Fred Linton, Miss
Kella Clark, Mrs. G. B. Clark, Mrs,
c. L. Stone. Eugene Hamilton and D.
B Kelsey.
Judge Williams sought to enter the
contest but was barred on the grounds
OF professionalism.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1911-02-10

ccurtesies extended us by the city
through our brethren and sisters Of
the A. 0. U. w and the d. Of II. fur
nish splendid assurance Of the high
esteem III which the order which we
represent il held We have enjoyed
the opportunity OF verifying for our
selves the claims put forth by the
loyal representatives Of Chickasha as
to the beauty enterprise, and re-
sources Of their city, and we shall
remember. our stay here as among our
pleasantest experiences.--J. S. Allen,
Harry Horner Harry Gilstrap|
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1911-02-10
Negro Bound Over
for Criminal Assault

After a preliminary hearing before
Justice Vance today, VIM Pendleton, a
negro was bound over to the district
court on charge Of committing a
criminal assault His bond was nxed
at $1,000 which he was unable to fur.
nish
The alleged crime was committed
last June and the victim WAS May
Short a black girl about "A years OF
age Pendleton Is a married man.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1911-02-10
YOUNG WRESTLER
RECEIVES INJURY

A wrestling match between Comp.
ton owens and one of his small SCHOOL.
mates yesterday evening ended ais
astrously for Master Compton
The boy fell, splitting his scalp and
otherwise hruising himself Several
stitches had to be taken in The cash
in his head He is the 7-year-old son
Of tr aid Mrs. Ed owens
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1911-02-10
HENRY cAgoT LoDaE, nav sENATE LEADER.

~ ENATOR Massachusetts
% q ALL they
elsnip OIL Republican
~ Island Hale Of Mane who exes
March4
the reelection will
wilderness, he but
himself
before legislature notified him that he could the
good. They Senator Lodge
politics. lately somebody
culture the than the Bay stare statesman
pound scholar. politics
those be
austerty advantage
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1911-02-10
GOES AFTER
PRESIDENT
'LAFoLLETTE DEMANDS TAFT
TAKE STAND ON ALASKAN
COAL LAND CLAIMS.
Special By United Press

Special BY United Press.
Washington, y q. Feb l0-A di-
rect demand that President Taft ans
wer whether he is seeking to evade
responsibility for the Cunningham
Alaska coal land claim which he pub
licly and voluntarily assumed is made
by Senator I.aITollette Of Wisconsin IN
an open letter to the president which
was given out today
LaFollette charges that the Bailin-
ger bin introduced ia the senate BY
Nelson OF Minnesota is intended to ge-
suit in a new trial for the Cunning
ham claimants.
The Ballinger bill is designed to
transfer to court the final disposi-
tion OF the case and it is said 10 have
the approval og the president
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1911-02-10

Ohio l. Oklahoma 3. Oregon !
Pennsylvania g. Rhode Island !. South
Dakota / Texas 2, Utah 4, Washing.
ton 2, West Virginia 1
The house spent more than ava
hours in discussion ana debata upon
the bin and proposed amendments.
An amendment offered b} Representa-
tive Bennett OF New York. and de-
signed to cut down southern represens
tetion, was voted down By l5f to &c.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1911-02-10
! s444444444@4444 :


= Deputies Fcatherstone and =
= Thompson called at the house of Z
\ Cy Holmes on North Sixth street =
= this Afternoon and presenting a =
= search warrant went through the 4
= house and found ten quarts OF :
+ Cascade liquor 10 a trunk. Holmes I
= was not at home al the time. =
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1911-02-10
PROTEST MEETING.

Let all working men and women and
liberty-loving citizens attend the meet.
in the City hall Feb. IL, lincoIn's
birthday and join in protesting
against judicial tyranny A good pro.
gram OF speaking recitations and mu-
SIG has been arranged The meeting
opens at O'Clock b. NJ.
Ladies especially invited g be pres.
emit Committee.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1911-02-10
MINERS ARE
ENTOMBED
4444**444%%444 $50

+ = : = : = > = : : = = + ! ,
; Special By United Press. !
: Trinidad. Col, Feb. 10.-Eleyen +
: miners are known to be dead and I
: i've are missing as a result Of an +
+ explosion in the cnkedaie mine, +
7 according to statement made by =
: mine officials This afternoon =
= The bodies Of Assistant Super =
: intendent sutton and Robert :
, Meek, a clerk, have been reeoy- :
: cred. :
= The men were entombed by :
= the explosion the cause Of which =
? is Unknown. !
%#+%% +@4@# 80 y = = y
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1911-02-10
SPECIAL
SESSION
Is URGED
COMMITTEE or PROMINENT LEG
IsLATcRS LAY THE MATTER BE-
FORE GOVERNOR cRUcE.
PROHIBITION BILL
BEFORE BOTH HOUSES

Special by United Press.

Special By United Press.
Oklahoma ity. Feb. I0-A special
session Of the legislature for the pnr-
pose Of redistricting the state for
congressional purposes and for the adj
option of a code seens inevitable,
With the passage by the lower house
of congress Of the reapportionment
bin, redistricting talk today took on
new life ia legislative circles.
A committee Of prominent legisla.
tors called on Gov Cruce last night
and assured him that Il would be I'M.
possible to adopt a code and redistrIct
the state before March 3. NE dato
when the regular session expires by
law
The prohibition bin was the main
feature in the proceedings OF both
houses today
Medical Practice Bill
The medical practice bin was pass.
Ga finally by me senate by vote of
30 % b. with The emergency clause at.
lached.
Only one amendment was made s0
the bill on final passage THAT was
the result Of an agreement in regard
70 the amendment offered hv Senator
sorreiis exempting those Mho hesa Ii.
censes from tribal boards ia lnsian
Territory by which ihis exemption is
70 De lott to the discreiion u the
State board oI medical examiners Thls
is expecsge Is take care of tbs few
cases whore possible Injustice might
have been done BY the present law
Another effort was made. but with.
out success. % cnt ont The provision
which extends tbe authority Of ihe
board from those who administer
drugs % ail classes % practitioner
Capitol EN- Passed.
The house 81 Representatives Thurs
day showed nu inclination 10 withdraw
fton the deadlock with the senate
over the capitol building commission.
but op ,ha eontrary pasaa sneaker
Dnraprs iii, araii, and sant !. ~
tbs senate
The situation now Is that the senate
eommiaslon ra,Iss, g.,ss, N hs,ia tae
oaDitol whHa ths honse haw blu
abolishlnr tbe sanl.ol commission AMI
letting ne Uork u bullainr csn,tal
" tbe state hosra ~ aaairs
The speakefs bil yltallz,pp tbe can
s,ol eon,niA. ian uan, to dnsi r,.; sal
Thursday al,bont auy arsomeps Yba
test yofa on wednesaav orsr par
retts mostsn n kill had been tbs HI.
mos, trlat of strength rhe sote
stood s- for ~ bnl NJ N kfil rhe
hnal MASSAGE vote was sq 70 mass st
against me friends Of the bin ralpine
one vote i.s enemies losing three
Speaker Dprapt then proved his
ability IL SNEAKER ~ ppttine M emer.
gency on the bln This reouirad 7a
votes oF II more than the bin haa II.
ceived on final passage He "a, cali
Of the house. gathered IN outside mem.
bers and pof the emereenc, 81 vote
Of 76 10 p OF with three votes to
spare.
other House Bills.
A number Of bills were passed final
ly in the house Thursday.
The emergency was put On the
AIaxey bili relative 10 resident agents
BY vote Of 10 to Ia. The bin allows
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1911-02-10
y y y y @#%%%##%@@ y
WEATHER FORECAST. 4

For Chickasha and vicinity; To =
, night and Saturday generally =
, fair; warmer. =
!, A A a. a. 4 4. d. = = q Z. = q 4 = 4
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1911-10-13
NEW VAUDEVILLE HOUSE

Ground has been broken this
week for handsome new vaude-
vile house to be erected by Nels
Anderson for R. A. Mclean, Of
the Grand, to occupy a site just
east of the Ormonde hotel.
The new building will be 80
x120 feet, two story, the front to
be Of white enamel brick, and
modern in every particular. The
second story will be devoted to
office apartments. The theatre
will have a seating capacity Of
about $50, and the width Of the
building will permit Of a stage
opening of 20 feet, % feet in
depth.
The building is being con-
structed on plans made by F. E.
johnson, the Superior architect,
and will become Of the nobbiest
playhouses in the northwest when
complete. Mr.. Mclean expects
to occupy it about January LIST
with a vaudeville, intending to
make of same the finest and most
enjoyable play house on the iron
range, and those who know his
ability in this line will look for.
ward with pleasure to the open.
ing night, =. IL:
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1911-10-13
WILLIAMS-MATT-
SON NUPTIALS.

The marriage of Thomas Mar
shall Williams and Miss Laura
Elizabeth Mattson, daughter of
Mr.. and Mrs. Axel Mattson, Hick-
ory street, was celebrated at the
home Of Mr.. and Mrs. w. c..
Schulze, an uncle of the bride, 922
Wilson avenue, Chicago, on Wed.
nesday. Following the ceremony
the happy young couple left for a
tour of the south, where they will
visit with the groom s parents at
Tougaloo, Miss, and other points
returning and being "At Home
to Virginia friends after Novem.
Der Goth.
The groom is an office employe
of the New York State Steel Co.
and during a residence Of num-
ber of years in the city has form.
ed many friendships, and the
congratulations and best wishes
! of all will be extended the young
couple.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1911-10-13
ARCHITECT GERMAN GETS
SCHOOL CONTRACT

At the meeting of the Board of
Education on Saturday evening
last the contract for plans and
specifications for the proposed
new North Side school was award
ed to F. G. German, the Duluth ar
chitect. The new building will be
an eight-room structure, and will
cost in the neighborhood of $780,
900. Mr.. German was here on
Wednesday, in consultation with
the board and with consulting En-
gineer Larson relative to the
plans, which will be in readiness
for examination and formal ac-
ceptance shortly. 1t is likely a
special election for the voting of
bonds will be called shortly.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1911-10-13
FIRST PASSENGER TRAIN
on M|SSABE
Nineteen Years Ago Today Was
A Big Day in the History Of
the Duluth, Missabe 4
Northern Railroad.

Nineteen years ago today was a
big day in history for the Du-
luth, Missabe & Northern rail-
road, at that time owned and con-
trolled by the Merritt brothers, Of
West Duluth, it being the date on
which the first passenger train
was run over the line, making Mt:
Iron and Virginia.
The train was special and car
ried a large number Of the old
settlers of Duluth and vicinity:
who were the guests Of the Mer-
ritts on the excursion, and while
all doubtless enjoyed their first
view Of this rich section but few
realized the possibilities Of the
range or Of the townsite they
viewed as they looked from the
platform out over the swamp
that had been plated and which
had a half dozen tents and an
embryo. light and water plant to
mark the site Of what in nineteen
short years was to be the fifth
city of the state of Minnesota
4 city which has shown a net in
crease in population during the
past ten years of 254 per cent
and which bids fair to eclipse
That record during the next de-
:ade.
Nor did they dream that the
road DER which they travelled
would in so brief a time become
one of if not the biggest paying
railways in the entire country,
netting the financiers into whose
lands it has fallen through the
of those responsible
for it's building and the laxity of
justice many times it's original
cost annually, with a field of busi-
ness guaranteed for centuries to
come which will continue to pay
stock dividends ON the same.
princely scale.
'Tis we'll, perhaps, that the
visitors to the embryo city at that
time did not realize these things
else there would have been hho55
"pickings's left for those of us
who came after; and tits equally
as we'll, mayhap, that we of the
present day are not endowed
with like foresight, or there
would be little left for those who
will later take our places in the
business world and the CONNER
cial and social life of the Queen
City Of the Mesaba.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1911-10-13

he resided for many years before
coming west, returning to his for
mer home some five years ago to
spend his declining years. He was
civil war veteran; serving with
the Army of the Pot o,nac through
out the war. - p ~-,5
Following the war he studied
law at Towanda, Pa, and for
number Of years practiced his pro-
fession in that city. He came
west about 1885, and after a resi-
dence for time in the Dakotas
became connected with the bank
ing business at Ely, later in the
earliest days Of the Mesaba COM
ing on this range, being as stated
one of the original owners of the
townsite and Of the Virginia Light
4 Water Company, also being
heavily interested in the First
National Bank and other interests
in the city.
Mr.. Kinney's wife died some
sixteen years ago, since which
time he has made his home with
his step-daughter, Mrs. Able, for
some years prior to his removal
east making his home in Duluth.
0. D. Kinney was recognized as
a staunch friend by many Virgin
ians, and not a few of those now
engaged in business pursuits in
this city can look back with graf
itude to the assistance rendered
through his help and to the en-
couragement given by his timely
advice and ever-present word of
cheer. His demise will be and is
sincerely regretted by all.
r. l.. Griggs, accompanied by
Hon. Geo. W. Buck, of Duluth, a
former business associate of the
deceased, left for Athens on Tues
| day to be in attendance at the last
solemn rites over one whom none
knew but to honor and respect.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1911-10-13
VIRGINIA EIGHTH IN PER-
CENTA6E OF INCREASE
Census Statistics Show Growth
Of the City During Past Ten
Years to Have Been Sur
passed by But Seven in
United States.

The census statistics of the
1910 census, recently made pub
lie, show the phenomenal Increase
in population Of Virginia during
the past decade Of 254 per cent, be-
ing eighth in percentage Of in
crease Of the cities Of the entire
United States having a popula-
ton according to the last census
Of upwards 10000, the figures
showing the city to have grown
from a hamlet of 1862 in 1900 to
a city of lO,473 in 1910.
The greatest percentage of
growth OF any city in the United
States during the ]900-1910 period
was shown by Tulsa, Okla,
which grew from 1890 to a city Of
1882, an increase of 1908 per
cent. Next in order comes Okla
noma City, Okla, which shows
an increase OF $40 per cent, from
d population OF lO,O37 to 64,2O5.
other cities included in the seven
which surpassed Virginia are
Aluskogee, Okla, showing a per-
ccntage OF growth Of 1914, from a
population OF 4,234 in 1900 to a
population OF 25,278 in 1910,
Monessan, Pa, which shows an
increase of 1856 per cent, grow
ing from 2,l97 in 1900 to ll,775
N 1910, McAlester, Okla, show
Ing an increase OF 272 per cent,
growing from 3,479 in 1900 to
I2,954 IN 1910, Aberdeen, WASH,
showing an increase Of 264 per
cent, growing from 3,747 in 100
to 1860 in 1910, and Shawnee,
Okla, showing a net increase of
26O per cent, growing from
5,462 in 1900 to l2,474 in 1910.
1t will be noted that five of the
eight cities named are located in
The >new state of Oklahoma, the
phenomenal growth Of the cities
OF that state being due in great
Oklahoma to statehood and the
development, Of the rich lands
which for 50 many decades had
been reaerfEtr to lte red man.
The distinction attributed to
Virginia Of being the eighth in
point Of increase, however, can
not, but be pleasing to those who
have made their home in the
brightest little city of northern
Minnesota, which has grown from
a struggling burg of less than
three thousand in 1900 to the
fifth city of the state in 1910, and
which shows every indication Of
a pleasing and continued increase
during the coming decade.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1911-10-13
COMMENCE WORK ON
RAILROAD EXTENSION

The work Of pile driving for
the extension Of the Duluth, Win
nipeg 4 Pacific Virginia cutoff
was commenced on Monday, the
contract for the same being let
to }. }. c. Davis, Duluth, who
had much to do with the ear
lier construction work on the Du-
luth, Rainy Lake & Winnipeg.
The commencement of work at
this time and the notification re-
ceived by the library board that
the present library site would be
wanted about December 1st, evi-
dences the intention of the com
pany to hustle the work of max
ing Virginia proposed improve.
ments as. rapidly as possible.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1911-10-13
HON. 0. D. kinney
DIES At ATHENS, Pa
Original Virginia rownsite Pro-
moter Dies Suddenly at His
Home at Athens, Pa., Tuesday
Morning.

Hon. Orrin D. Kinney, former
prominent Virginian and original
townsite promoter, banker, mine
owner, and politician, passed
away at his home at Athens, Pa,
at an early hour Tuesday morn
ing. !
The news, received here in a
telegram to his nephew, R. L.
Griggs, came as a shock to his
many friends in the city, but fail
ed to state from what cause death
occurred, although it must have
been sudden, as so far as known
the deceased had been in good
health and had been looking for
ward to the coming week with the
intention Of starting on a tour of
the world.
The deceased was 81 years Of
age, being born at Athens, where