davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1911-04-06

Anyone wishing to purchase surrey
cheap should inquire at ExpOsitOr office.
Want to sell at once. 5l-i
The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1911-04-06
Union Missionary Services.

Harry Haton, minister.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-05

here again were the infinite pains of the
scientist needed to prevent a mistake. In
excavating for the bones a map of the
quarry was drawn. Wherever a bone
was found it was placed upon the map
and numbered. Then the bones were
boxed and sent to the museum together
with this map. So when the time came
for the reconstruction q quarter of a GEN.
fury later. here was the record of the
finding Of the bones. The positions Of these
bones are an indication of the portions
OF the skeleton to which they belong.
They are clue to the reconstruction.
The men OF the museum lay out the bones
in accordance with the map, and the
process of pulling them together and
corelating them is begun. This, of course,
after year or two has been spent in
chipping the foreign stone off of the true
fossil.
The great papier mache model of the
stegosaurus at the National Museum
boasts a series of flutes along the back
such as have never been even approx
mated by any modern animal. These
were established as actually existent by
their actual discovery in connection with
the skeleton. The museum has a hand
some collection of these armor plates in
its possession, indestructibly petrified into
stone. Their use is still matter of con-
tention among the scientists. 1t is argued
that this was a semi-aquatic creature,
and that these were probably defenses
against creatures of the air that might
attack the monster while the lower por-
tons of the body were submerged. A
further theory is that they were used for
tanning Off mosquitoes that in those days
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-05

structed a model of it. This model was
the creature Of 100000 years ago
brought back for the delectation Of the
modernS.
The model was turned over to certain
papier mache manufacturers who know
nothing Of prehistoric creatures, but who
Will manufacture a paper creature to Or
der that Is so accurate that a photograph
of 1t cannot be told from a picture Of the
live animal. The scientists gave the d.
mansions of the creature in accordance
with skeleton measurements. Presto! In
a few days the National Museum was in
possession of a t,iceratops such as
prowled the jungles in the days when the
world. was torridly hot, when a dense
cloud hung ever overhead and precipi-
tated a humid haze, when ferns alone
represented the vegetable world and the
only living creatures were reptiles that
perpetuated their kind through the eggs
they laid in the sum-
But the triceratops is an inconspicu-
Gus creature compared with the stego-
saurus. Here Is creature twice as long
as an elephant, heavy in the hips, with
small front body and a tail Of sufficient
weight to almost balance 1t with the hips
as fulcrum. Here, again, the head is
small and duck-billed. The tail is most
formidable and is armed with five most
Wfcked-looking horns that would seem
capable of doing great damage should
the creature thrash about with it,
Skeletons Of the stegosaurus in almost
complete form were found in Colorado
and Wyoming. In single quarry so
many bones of this huge creature were
FOUND as to almost reconstruct 1t. But
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-05
NEW TRAPS FOR KILLING SPARROWS.

waged for a brief time against them was
lost.
At this time of year the sparrows con-
gregate each afternoon in large hocks in
some chosen roosting place, where they
rend the air with their racket and do
considerable damage. From l.iese roest-
Ing places the birds may be driven by any
one of several methods.
A Roman candle or two, discharged into
the branches where the sparrows roost,
will drive them away. This means OF
inducing an exodus should be used after
the birds are settled for the night; a cou-
pie of hours after sunset is the best time.
Another method is to turn a stream OF
roosting birds. This will give them a wet
ting, scatter them, and IL done for sew
eral nights consecutively Will result in
convincing the sparrows that IL they want
to keep dry and comfortable for the night
they will have to seek other quarters.
Either method, it may be said. does not
destroy the pests-only makes them move
on, like the park bench Migrants
DIR. Fisher states. however, that the
surveys trap, when perfected and given
to the public. Will capture the sparrows
by scores. When once caught il is an
easy matter to put an end to their quar-
relsome. noisy. worthless career The
new trap will cost only few cents to
make. and DR.. Fisher hopes that ii will
be widely used, as his experience has
shown that by the use of these traps
little gutter scavengers and left free for
the occupancy OF American birds which
have been driven out by the English in
terloper.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-05
In The End The CREATURE Was Res ToRED
Is 1OOOOOOO7 AGO

these rocks. He had devoted his life and
his fortune to their preservation. When
he had died he had left them to the Ma
tional Museum, with an inspirational
foresight which told him that thus would
the door of knowledge he had found be
best left ajar to the generations to come.
X
The man died while his secret was still
held in stone. Last year the National
Museum found itself the possessor of a
new building of magnificent proportions.
1t had an opportunity to spread out and
take stock of the material that it has
been accommodating since the nat on began
In just the way it had been bequeathed
these specimens. There are acres of base
ments about Washington filled with such
material and in many cases little record
kept of the source or value of it. In it's
investigation of It's resources the National
Museum pulled the lids off of some of
those boxes of stone and began study
of their contents. So far it but partially
knows of their value, but already it is
sure that such fossil wealth as it pos
sesses are as Ell Dorados and Klondykes
to the scientific student. There are such
pay streaks as it win take another gen.
Grafton to work out. --
Prof. O. C. Marsh is the man RESPONSE
be for the existence of the present col
lection. Back in the seventies he was
paleontologist for the geological survey.
1t was in the course of his field work for
the government that he discovered in
Wyoming vast quantities of specimens of
the remains of these prehistoric animals
that existed In the days when the world
was swampy jungle overrun W tn rank
vegetation and inhabited by race of
monster reptiles such as are known to
modern man only through their petrified
remains.
That the world has changed greatly
since those times Is evinced by the fact
that the regions that were then great
swampy marshes are now the highest
mountain ranges and plateaus that the
continent knows Wyom ;ng and Colorado
have proven themselves the greatest
treasure houses for this sort of speci-
men that the world has ever known Prof
Marsh found that in certain quarries
in Wyoming rock was being hewn out
and used for building stone that was
UNNECESSARILY rich in geological value.
Prof. Marsh recognized the opportun
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-05
Tf Tos5M BoNes 0FTNEKr RRr Or lhe- TR1crRAHoPs
= WIRE

duckbill to finish the complete animal.
Then would the whole creature be COM
plete and then might the bones be ar
the animal set up as 1t had stood when
it trod the fern marshes of old.
The diceratops and the triceratops are
closely allied species. One has two
horns, while the other has a third horn
on its nose There is otherwise little
difference in the creatures.
From these fossil bones the skeleton
structure of triceratops was finally COM
pleted. In fact, the original skeleton OF
the creature was set up as accurately
as might be the skeleton of horse. After
this the problem faced the restorer OF
cushioning that frame with flesh and
making the creature stand forth as 1t did
in days Of old. The footprints of the
creature were somewhere found in geo.
logic rock. This determined the shape OF
the foot. The heavy tail had left Its
mark In the wake Of the footprints. In
another place the imprint Of the scales
of its skin was found. 1t was known to
be a reptile and It's cOloring and absence
of hair were taken to resemble those
of such modern creatures as the alligator.
A clue to one part of its body was
found here and to another part there.
In the end the scientist had in his mind
a picture that left little to the magma
nation, for he had the evidence of the
formation of the creature in all its COM
pleteness. With this idea in mind he con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-05

scum IN WASHINGTON. The fossil remains
of hideous monsters, held prisoners
through the aeons. are being freed from
the stone that incased them and such
forms as the eye of modern man never
before looked upon are being set up and
the world invited to come and see.
For the National Museum has just dis
covered itself heir to such a heritage of
prehistoric lore as has never before
fallen to the lot of scientific institution.
Accommodating dust for a quarter of a
century in the basement of the old mu-
scum have rested 500 boxes containing
a collection of rock that would make the
chaperon of any chain gang green with
envy One man who lived, as most great
men do, a generation ahead of his time
had known of the secrets locked up in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-05

basement in the old Agricultural Depart.
ment building. which at that time had
just been completed.
The work for 1871 is memorable on &C.
count Of the beginning of two extensive
investigations. One was the analysis OF
several hundred specimens of cereals
from the entire production of the coun-
try. while the other was the examination
of the leaf, stem and fruit of the grape
vine during every week of its growth
In July, 1871, DIR. Antisell resigned, and
January H. 1872, DR.. r. T. Brown was
appointed chemist. In 1873 DR.. Brown
resigned, and was sue, eeded by DR.. WI
liam McMurtrie. The following year was
the beginning of DR.. MoMurtrie's investi-
cations of the sugar beet industry. which
he afterward carried forward with such
culture. January %. 1873, Dr. Peter Col
lier was appointed chemist. and held the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-05

WALK along Pennsylvania avenue
w between 18th and 14th streets any
afternoon-say about 8 o'clock
and you will be almost deafened by the
chatter of the hundreds Of English spar
rows fiocking to their roosting places in
the trees along the sidewalks. Then take
a turn about the grounds OF the Depart
ment of Agriculture. There you will
miss the ceaseless chirping Of the i'm
ported pests. Reason: The sparrows have
learned that the Agricultural Department
grounds are not a healthy place Of as
sembly for their tribe.
DIR. A. X. Fisher of the biological sur
vey, Department Of Agriculture. has
taught the pugnacious little rowdies this
lesson.
For several years DR.. Fisher. with
other experts of the survey. has been
working on the sparrow problem. With
other things, the investigation has shown
that sparrows have an Unborn tendency to
haunt locality year after year. They
return to the place where they were
Matched when the time comes for them
to set up housekeeping for themselves,
and no matter how often they may be
frightened away, their absence is ordt-
narily only temporary. Like the cat,
they always come back
X
Various methods of poisoning the birds
have been tried, the one most commonly
used being to prepare for them a dainty
banquet of wheat seasoned with strych-
nine. When the sparrows eat this wheat
they are seized with acute stomach pains,
which terminate fatally. The trouble has
been that the sparrows frequently refuse
to desert their accustomed food for the
strychnine-soaked grain. which, left alone.
is eaten by other birds, or by squirrels. or
chickens, or even by children.
About a year ago the biological survey
decided that as the sparrow was origi-
nally inflicted upon this country by Eu-
rope, 1t would be the sensible thing to
consult with European foes of the bird as
to q means OF holding 1t In check.
A trap that has been used for years in
various parts of England and Europe was
brought to Washington, and experimental
work with this imported trap was begun
It was found that notifications must
be made in order to make the trap a
success. DR.. Fisher has been working on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-05

even yentured that these saWDacks might
have been used In cutting way through
the jungles of old.
Mounted I'm the side OF one of the great
halls of the new National Museum is the
skeleton OF a trachodon, a small, duck
billed, semi-snake about the size OF
modern camel The bones of this crea
ture we're found intact and incased In
the solid rock. The stone was shipped
with the Marsh collection. and the ex-
perts have so cut away the foreign for
nation as to show the creature as IL
rested in its native stone. The great
slab has been completed and squared up,
and now makes a part of the wall of the
museum the bones still resting half inn
bedded in ii. Others of these creatures
have been restored and stand gaunt and
forbidding in the show cases OF the dis
play rooms.
A similar piece of work has been COM
pleted with reference to the pteranodon.
combination aquatic and jungle crea-
ture of the air. more closely allied to the
great bats of India than any other mod
ern animal. While the other creatures
of it's time were lolling in the jungles OF
Wyoming and Colorado these huge
winged things were circling over the seas
of what is now Kansas 1t was in kan
sas that the bones OF q complete wing
of one of them was found and that
enough information was amassed Tor
reconstruction. From this skeleton an
artists conception of the pteranodon mas
been drawn and is exhibited together
with the 70 sill remains.
When these creatures roamed ABOUT
the world 1t had been about ten million
years since animal life had begun.
With the one-moleculed creatures OF
the seas the growth had gone on and
on until 1t came to its rankest in this
time, q period when huge reptiles
dominated the earth. Since that time
an approximate ten millions OF addi-
tional years have circled around. and
with them the reptiles have gradually
lost their dominance and In their place
the mammals have gained sway
Finally, man. the king of the mammals
has developed the capacity to take
thought and to use tools and to laugh.
thus distinguishing himself from the
others, and through some or all OF
these qualities enabling himself to out
strip them. So in these days of the
twentieth century the man Is going
reconstructing the creatures that were
dominant before him. When the world
was half as old he finds strange con-
ditions which he Is just beginning to
thoroughly understand. The sum total
of his knowledge Of those times ID
just now being greatly increased
through the unfolding of the treasures
of the Marsh collection at the National
Museum. But enough of 1T has been
restored to give a promise Of what is
to come. But 1t is safe to say that
there Is prospect Of getting sufficient
creatures in papier mache to populate
well equipped zoo. using only the
creatures of this long ago.
Copyright, 1911. by w. A. Du Puy)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-05

these notifications, and is almost ready
to make public the results Of his expert
ments
Dr. Fisher states that the adapted form
of the sparrow trap resembles in a gen.
eral way the old wire rat trap. in which
the animal enters an outer chamber and
then forces its way through a sort of
cone OF wires into the inner. baited COM
partment, from which 1t is then unable
to force its way out.
The surveys sparrow trap will be built
on this general plan. as by the use of
traps SO constructed the grounds about
the Department OF Agriculture have prac-
tically been cleared of sparrows. In a
walk through the grounds a few days
ago not a single sparrow was visible, al
though In the trees along streets not
more than a block distant from the
grounds the birds were to be seen and
heard in hundreds.
1t is DR.. Fishers intention to have the
improved sparrow trap patented by the
Department of Agriculture as soon as 1t
shall have taken its final form. Already
enterprising individuals have written to
DIR. Fisher asking for his terms as to roy
alties, ETC., for manufacture and sale
after it is patented. The right to make
and use this sparrow trap. however, Will
be given to every one as soon as the de-
VIZ AZ CAfCStCu, oiio a ccSohu
Farmers Bulletin No. 1888. on How to
Destroy English Sparrows." shortly to be
issued, will contain plans, specifications
and photographs Of the new trap. so plain
and simple that any one can manufacture
the device.
So far no city In the United States. with
the exception of Boston, has taken any
systematic steps toward Kidding itself OF
sparrows. In Boston, however, vigorous
campaign against the pests was instituted
last spring. The birds We're killed IN large
numbers. In the trees ana puiiolnss ia
and about Boston Common, where they
had SO increased in numbers as to be un-
endurable. Their nests were torn out ana
destroyed, together with eggs young
birds and the parent pairs.
This work had not progressed very far
until members of the Society for the Pre-
vention of Cruelty to Animals procured
an Injunction and stopped the city's work.
The sparrows were left to resume their
nesting and Matching operations. and all
that had been accomplished by the fight
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-05

my hope there may be established a de-
partment of public health and education
1t appears to me there is nothing more
important in this world than physical
heath. mental and moral education in the
development of citizenship which shall
be law abiding. faithful to duty and edi-
be expected in which avoidable disease
will be practically unknown. and the
ravages Of tuberculosis. typhoid fever and
similar diseases will disappear altogether.
feel quite certain I shall not be per-
mitted to live until the work is completed.
But If ! am able to help even little in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-05

with bill like that of duck and a tail
like that OF monster snake. There Is
a flute of bone back Of its horns that Is
yard across. 1t is one Of the character
stic monsters Of its time.
The best specimen of the diceratops
was found in a most interesting way
Prof. Marsh was travelling overland
through Wyoming when he noticed a
huge boulder lying upon the plain. With
the instinct of a paleontologist he went
to examine the boulder. Much to his sur
prise he found the tips of two monster
horns protruding from it. From their po-
sitions with reference to each other he
decided that they were parts of a head
boulder and made 1t part Of his collec-
ton.
X
That boulder was a year ago dug up from
among the boxes of the Marsh collection
For an entire twelve months C. w. Gill
more. man Of wide experience in such
work. has been chiseling at the big
boulder. That year Of work has resulted
In the cutting away of all the stone that
was not a portion Of the prehistoric head.
There remains but the stone of a differ
emit texture that was once a portion of
the monster reptile. The infinite care and
pains that Is necessary in accomplishing
such task. in removing the stone that
Is not OF the specimen and yet leaving the
animal remains unframed, is the secret
of re-establishing these creatures Of old.
This was wonderfully perfect speci-
men OF the head of this one creature.
1t established with a degree Of thor
oughness the bone formation of its head.
But what was the rest of the creature
like? How might the whole skeleton
be completed? These were further prob
lens.
Possibly in another set of bones found
elsewhere DIR. Marsh would find the bare
tip of jawbone that indicated that this
creature was also Of the same breed
as the diceratops. This specimen might
establish the form of the front body of
the animal. Down in Colorado might be
located other fossil bones with a shoulder
blade that hitched onto the second find,
and this collection might contain bones
of the hind legs. The tail might be lack
ing and search of years might go on
before a tail was found that was identified
with a creature Of the right horns and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-05

tural experiment stations throughout the
country have worked with the -ivision of
chemistry in these studies, so that the
whole subject Of food adulteration is
pretty thoroughly understood and its ex-
tent acknowledged. Many of the legisla-
lures OF the states have already enacted
restrictive measures regulat ng the sale OF
adulterated foods. The work in VIII ch the
division of chemistry was a pioneer has
commended itself to the people at large,
and through the press and other means
full descriptions of the methods and char
acter of adulteration have been dissem-
mated among the people. The work of the
division has therefore already secured
great benefits to agriculture i'm the way OF
preserving an honest market for the
products OF the farm, and made IL pos
sibe for these benefits to be greatly in
creased BY favorable national legislation
on the subject.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-05

fact that chemicals were used In some
countries in the adulteration Of bread in
order to conceal the defects of the -four
from which 1t was made.
In 1862 the Department Of Agriculture
was organized on an Independent basis.
and Isaac Newton, first commissioner Of
agriculture. established the division of
chemistry and appointed DR.. c. M.
Wetherell first chief of the division. DR..
Wetherell served about one year.
Henry Erni served during 1S64-65. and
in 1885 Dr. Thomas Antisell was ap-
pointed. In 1868 the chemical laboratory
was removed from the patent Office to the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-05
Actually!

<STHE late Eustace de Cordova will be
missed on the New York Stock
Exchange" said a New York broker. He
had caustic anu yet kindly wit.
81 remember hearing Mr.. de Cordova
reply to a toast at a lawyers banquet. He
said a lawyers wife asked her husband.
anxiously. as she was turning In one
night:
do you think It is better, dear. to
lie on the right side?
My darling. the lawyer answered.
II you are on the right side 1t actually
happens sometimes that you don't have to
lie at ALL
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-05

HR. HARVEY w. WILEY
II Tells of the Past, Present
and Future Work of the
Bureau of Chemistry-Origin
of the Bureau-First Un-
der Commissioner of Patents,
Then Commissioner of Agri-
culture and Later Secretary
of the Department of Agri-
culture-Study of Food Adult
teration Taken Up in 1883,
When DR.. Wiley First As
sumed Charge of the Bureau.