davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-01-12
n,ppoRrUNITY KNOCKED AT HIS
DOOR. NJ

- came to our pace not Ions
IA made q contract with the boss
ao .sw 100 cords Of pole wood tina.
W, on the ground. He onereo 70
-. lob for nfty cents q cord ana
a. a. nry.r was snapped up IN jiny.
M ..ems pretty low price. ana y
~. ~ Il he had to DO It with an
w. W. aut he came along q few days
,..ar With a three-horse power trAc-
INN engine and the way enat DuzA
:. - went through those poles was 2
e.,,.,on He was employed by 2
- sr,sr during the summer. ana hired
~. employers engine and runs u. on
shares during the winter he nirss
: hslner ct d dollar and nall 2
d.v ana gives the owner OF the ma
on;ns . dollar a day for It's use. Well,
s,..nad up our 100 cords IN less
t - eight days--and you can figure
~. ~. profit yourself. When ne gos
=, -ongh with the wood he nookea
- horsepower corn shelter We
-, - and cleaned up about 1000
-, =, -. IN short order. Don't know
what ne got for that. a. the boss xep.
~ daaI to himself but az the engine
..n vent away with grin on his
,acc Il guess he was satished. he
.t,nwed me a roll OF bills big enough
- choke COW and allowed ne
,,,or,d be his own boss after this
..sason.-A Hired Man.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-01-12
ORDER IN THE HOUSE.

rider should not be maintained at
Tho expense OF comfort and happina ss.
o. BY the entire sacrifice or bodily
strength and visor. or the useless =.
- Tnsr. IRE Housewives who some-
.,roes make every member Of the fam
Nv uncomfortable. unhappy and ir-
r;..h,e by petty. carefulness In her
as.,r. 10 keep things spotless and in
their proper place. The husband and
children are unesasingly entreated
"a avoid tracking II dirt, every ar
ticle IL carefully picked up and put
ous Of sight often before one -
through using It. while there Is con-
slant proncness 70 nag. so percsptibis
that tho true loving spirit, the self
abn esation that serves others for the
love we bear them IL lost. and the
esire forgotten TO make the homs -
SPOT supremely aicst, dearer.
sweeter spot than AL the rest"
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-01-12
TO KEEP THE BOYS ON THE FARM

seemed to understand that the boys
must have some c..-.nEo in tho monot-
ony Of farm work and hunge.. for q
bN OF fun and glimpse Of people
and things in town. Work. work,
work, all the time, except for . few
brief months during school time In
winter. No money to be earned by
themselves for themselves, but every
cent given grudgiagly by tho father.
Then tho mother. having no girls.
seems to shut herself up and out from
the love Of her boys and know that
family 10 anything but happy one.
Just because they do not seem to
know how to be happy. No wonder
the boys get sick and tired Of farm
drudgery and pull out for the city.
I know that the main reason why ths
Robinson boys and many of our boys
are lost to the farm lies in the heads
81 the family. It's an usly truth but
it ID the truth.
Boys also need liberty. amusement.
encouragement and the right to pur-
sue their hobby; II It 10 nothing more
than trapping skunks or collecting
snakes
Farm papers and readable books
will do no good II the farm boy never
reads. Teach him to get the habit.
The so-called book farmers" are the
farmers who are doing the things
worth while.
He is a great farmer who grows two
.rs Of corn this yoar where only one
rev the year before, for Corn Il
Kinr and the farmer rules the world
-R. H. Kline.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-01-12

The Dat crop ranks nth in value
among tho farm crops of the United
States, being exceeded by corn. cot
ton. wheat, and hay. 1t Is third
among the cereals, being exceeded
only by corn and wheat. The acreage
devoted to oats is slightly larger than
the cotton acreage and is much
smaller than that Of the other crops
mentioned. Last years oat crop,
slightly over 1.00o,00o,o00 bushels,
was about 27b.000,00o bushels larger
than tho wheat crop Of that year, bYt
the value was only $&08, 100000. d
compared with $500 90. 600. for
wheat. The corn crop, was valusd 1t
~, 900, or more than four
times an much ~ the oat crop. The
farm value Of all cereals for last year
was estimated at $4,000, 100000. OF
which amount the oat crop repre-
scented about IL per cent.
The average production OF oats In
thu United States for the last ten
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-01-12
ol1E ARAW. 6xNtD ARlxv
Typical Cross Section Of Macsdam Roads.

ing smaller stones into the interstices
with mauls. Projecting points should
be broken OF with stone hammers, de-
pressions filed with chips. and tho
telford rolled with steam roller until
It 10 true to tho desired cross sec
tion "a
Where the foundation Of the road
would otherwise be very bad. and
no gravel or other like material Is
readily obtainable, or whore an un-
usually substantial road 10 required to
meet the demands of trafiic, this
form OF construction Is recommended
Under ordinary conditions It is much
there - some supporting evidence
that q rigid and unfolding telford
base has the effect OF an anvil, and
that the macadam. under the pound
OF trahic. wears more rapidly than
in the ordinary broken-stone road.
Several other devices are sorsis-
times employed to take care OF the
subsurface water, such al the center
box drain. built Of slabs Of stone. and
side drains, with plank boxes in lieu
OF drain tile. Usually these are either
too expensive or too unstable nature
to be recommended.
Every macadam road should be
crowned, in order that the water
falling upon It may run quickly to
the cutters. It is also necessary that
the shoulders should have the same
slope AZ the macadam or perhaps 4
little greater.
For road Is feet or less in width
1t will be found satisfactory to have
the center ~ inches higher than
the sides. forming crown Of three
quarters OF m inch to the foot. On
roads Of greater width It Will be nsces-
sary to reduce the crown to one-half
inch to the foot. or perhaps even less.
The apex should be slightly rounded.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-01-12

Z Z a .. -
years wa. sss,s54,ooo bushels. pro-
duced on 2s.643,000 acres. The corn
crop for the same period was 7,453.-
10000 bush els. grown on s5,o2s,o0o
sores, and the wheat. crop 659, 509. 900
bushels produced on 4s,67s.Ooo acres.
The five states leading In the pro-
duction OF oats for the ten-year period
were Illinois, Iowa. Wisconsin, Mime
sofa. and Nebraska. The diagram
shows the proportion of the total crop
OF the United States grown in each OF
the states producing more than
10000. 900 bushels. The sixteen states
shown grew nearly 30 per cent. OF the
total crop. Illinois and lows each
produced nearly ~ per cent. while
approximately 8. 8, and 8 per cent.
were produced In Wisconsin. MINES
sofa, and Nebraska, respectively. IN
acreage devoted to oats Iowa snghtiy
exceeds Illinois. Wisconsin, Minne-
sofa, and Nebraska follow in the order
named.
Tho world production Of oats N
bushels. Il greater than that OF either
corn or wheat. but rs its weignt PEI
bushel Is much less, the total pEoduc-
ton in pounds is smaller than Ftnas
Of either OF those crops. The average
annual world production OF oats fol
tha naat fve years was 3.694.7oz.oou
hnshel.: Of corn. s.443,lss, 900 bushels;
and Of wheat, 3.s36,7ss.o00 bushels
TIRE actual world production OF all
th..e crops, particularly Of oats ano
wheat, is considerably larger .na'
these figures. no statistics Being avail
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-01-12

Will be lessened, particularly II porous
materials are used.
Side drains may be constructed in
the cuts on each side OF the road.
Just outside OF the limits of tho mac
adam. These drains consist Of mar
row trenches. filled with broken stone
or small gravel stones, with pipe :
or s inches in diameter near tho bot
tom. Tho Pipe Is laid with open
Joints, true to grade. and 10 carried
10 4 proper outlet. Sometimes the
pipe Is omitted and the entire
trench is filled with stones. In which
case 1t is called a blind drain. Such
drains serve to cut of the subsurface
water before 1t can get under the
macadam.
The subgrade may be excavated to
be 8 to inches deep at the edges.
and II to IS inches deep At the con-
tor. The, surface will then have the
shape Of an extremely fattened Lett
ter v. The bottom should be fairly
true to grade, 80 as to permit the
water to how readily. This excava-
ton 10 filled with stones varying In
size from small pebbles to boulders 8
or 10 inches in diameter. the largest
being placed at the bottom. These
stones need not be placed with special
care, but the condition Of the mass
should DO such as to permit consoli-
dalton with roller. To dispose Of
the water collected by drain Of this
kind. narrow trenches should be cut to
the sides 50 as to connect with opsn
outlets. These trenches should also
be filled with stones. Such drain 10
usually effective and ordinarily costs
less than two side drains.
Another way Of multiplying in part
The effect of the subsurfacs water 10
to construct foundation Of telford.
Formerly, nearly all macadam roadI
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-01-12
THE HANDLING AND CARE OF MILK
IT IS WELL KNOWN THAT CERTAIN DISEASES ARE DIS.
sEh4INATED THROUGH MILK; EVERY EFFORT SHOULD
BE MADE HAVE 1T PURE AND CLEAN

varies greatly. Al 9 general rule. 70
insure good results. the temperature
must be increased az length Of expos
ure 10 decreased. When tho milk ID
held for twenty to thirty minutes the
temperature may be varied from lao
degrees to 100 degrees F. The former
tenn psrature 10 the lowest point at
which the bacillus Of tuberculosi3 10
destroyed To make the destruction
of this bacillus certain the milk must
be held at l4o degrees for At least
twenty-five minutes and be constantly
stirred.
Milk may be efiiciently pasteurissd,
In the household by setting the bottle
Of milk in vessel containing water.
ana heating the water until the milk
reaches temperature Of about 1bo
degrees 1t may then be removed
from the stove and allowed TO stand
for twenty-five minutes. The temper
ature of tho water will be above that
OF the milk. and while II slowly cools
the milk -;ill be thoroughly heated.
It should then be chilled at once and
kept cold until used.
MIX may be sterilised by repeated
boilings. This Ia usually accomplished
by steaming on three or; four suc-
cessive days. After each boiling II
should be held At room temperature
for twenty-four hours to allow tns
spores to terminate and reach the
vegetative stage.
While bacteria are in no way essen
tial to milk. they may be considered
az normally present in milk. cream
Ice, cream. butter and cheese. They
may even occur In milk or its products
in very large mum bers without makine
It an unsafe food or in any way de-
creasing its food value.
Bacteria known to produce disease
ars seldom isolated from or counted
In milk, and bacteriological counts
should be taken merely al an indica-
ton Of the way In which milk has
been collected or the Temperature At
which It has bsen held. High numbers
usually indicate unsanitary conditions,
careless handling or old milk.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-01-12
THE COLONY HoG-HOUsE.,
by j. w. GRIFFIN.

is
One OF the best ways to Use scra7
Is to build hog-houses out Of
1t. II there Is no old lumber lying
a.ound in the way, It Will pay to buy
new, even at the present high prices.
and build the hog-houses.
= II II pays to take care Of the litt.~
pigs when the butchers stun IS bring
II & four and Ave. cents pound. {.
Is doubly profitable when they AL.
eight and Ten cents,
We have 10 Duro Jersey broo.!-
sows and 10 colony houses. built AMI
fenced OF, as shown In the drawing.
These hopses were built out OF lIm-
Der thu. came out Of an old frame
building, once "sed a. . saw mil.
y We bought the old mill. the tram.
OF which was SO feet wide, 100 feat
long. and two, stories high: All IL,
framing timbers were AZ good AZ when
put In the building. The scrap .,ir. :
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-01-12

the different States,
the fivs ~preceding years. In guam.
tity the oats crop this year ID mag.
nifcent. The crop exceeds 100000,
900 bushels, the precise estimate
standing at 1,0ss.3ss,000 bushels. OF
~ per cent. greater than the average
Of the i've preceding years
The production OF oats IL practi.
callY confined to the Temperate
Zones. The crop does best in cool.
moist climates ana will not thrivs
In tho warmer regions unless tho
water supply ID ample.
Good spring oats are seldom pro-
duced in the southern part OF ths
United states or in southern Europe.
while tho northern limit Of produce
ton il near the Arctic Circle. in Nor
way and Alaska. The crop is very
generally grown In the central and
northern portions OF the North Tem-
perate Zone.
The greater portion OF the oat crop
Of the United States 10 fed on the
farms whore II IL grown. Durinsss the
last ten years only 2S.7 per cent pt
the crop was shipped out OF the Sec
ton Of the country where Il was
grown
The average annual shipment q i
ten years was 24s, % 90, o 90 bushels. Tie
smallest proportion Of the crop ship
ped out OF the county where grown
was OF the small crop OF 1901. 1913
per cent. and tho largest proportion
was OF the crop Of 1909. 32.7 per Gent.
The largest shipment OF any one crop
was OF that Of 1903. nearly $4,000. csa
bushels. s
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-01-12

thousand acre-corn- held raised more
corn than that produced In nine
stater He was great farmer.
And Burbank. The California
naturalist who RAIDS the thorny des-
ert cactus At for man and BEST TO
eat, and who produced the well known
Burbank potato. is farmer VINO
loved his plants and improved them
for humanity's s-ke.
The capable men who own ana
ecit our farm magazines have been
successful farmers. There 10 more
room for success on the uncrowoed
farm than anywhere else.
There are fewer men becoming
farmers who could not be anything
and more men starting to farm VINO
would not be anything else.
Another thing needed to keep the
boy contented IL partnership. BOYS
who are made to slave for their board,
clothes and a ttle spending money
until they are twenty-one arc the
ones who run away in the night.
II they do not get share Of the
nroceeds realized from their own Ia
bor at home they are going to get II
somewhere else.
Roy Robinson our neighbor's oldest
how "a going to the city. Too bad.
for he il . promising lad, loves farm
inr and has not lazXs hone in his
hody. It's the fault OF the family,
his goi..g away. HIS father. silent
reaeryet. man, though not intention
ally unkind, has never been q COM
nan,on to his boys. He has never
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-01-12

Preventing changes In milk ID q
question OF preventing the introduce
ton Of bacteria into milk and Of
checking their growth or destroying
them when they are present. The pro-
duction OF milk reasonably free from
bacteria Is simple question OF clean
illness.
There are many simple rules and
methods for handling milk. requiring
little extra labor and no added expense
which will materially increase the
healthfulness and keeping quality Of
the product. Any percaution that re-
duceS the dust in the stable at milk
Ing time reduces the initial number Of
bacteria in the milk. The cows should
not be fed before milking. Cobwebs
and other dirt can be easily removed
from the ceiling The stable floor
should be 80 arranged that the dirt
on the TANKS and udders OF the cows
will be reduced to minimum. The
daily use OF brush will add greatly
to- the efnciency OF these precautions.
Care should be taken that the cows do
not have to wade through Nth In the
barnyard.
Even with the greatest precaution
some bacteria get into the milk. and
further precautions must be taken to
prevent their undue multiplication.
Tho practical way to accomplish this
lie by control Of the temperature Of tho
milk. Advantage Is taken Of the nat
ural law governing the limits and RAJ
pidity Of growth Of bacteria at differ
ent temperatures. The milk should be
cooled at once to a temperature 81
near the freezing point as circum-
stances will permit.
!. On farms where water is supplied
BY . windmill II il very easy to arrange
the water trough 20 that the water
flows from the pump through trough
orttank in which the cabs Of milk may
bo set to cool. This ID q slow method,
but much better than nothing.
It Is not sufficient merely to cool the
fresh. milk. 10 insure good results
1t must be kept cold Until used. The
housekeeper who leaves her bottles OF
milk in the sun or standing in warn.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-01-12
BY L. A. ROGERS.

kitchen should not blame the milk
man for sour milk.
Chemicals having an injurious effect
on bacteria are sometimes used to re-
tard the growth OF bacteria In milk
and thus prolong the time within
which 1t may be sold. This practice
is universally condemned by pubic
opinion. -,
Heat is frequently applied to milk
to destroy part or all of the oac-
terra. Complete destruction OF all
bacteria in any substance is sterili1a-
ton; pasteurization is term used 70
designate process by which milk or
other fluids are heated to destroy part
but not all, Of tho bacteria. Pasteuri-
zation may be continuous" or inter
mittent:" in the frst method the
milk flows In a continuous stream
through the pasteurizer. where It 10
heated to required temperature by
steam or hot water: In tho second
method the milk Is heated In similar
way, but is held at the pasteurizing
temperature for some time.
The temperature for pasteurizing
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-01-12
.roUK.ROOM FIREPROOF FAM
HOUSES.

According to q recent consular re-
port, 4 builder Of oklahoma writes the
United States Bureau Of Manufact-
ures that he hnds 1t profitable to build
four-room cement houses and sell
them complete with cistsrns, front
ana rear porches Of cement, anr out-
building, including the ground, at
$1,000, on the installment plan.
He il doing this IS miles from .
railroad station, notwithstanding
heavy freight charges Of Is cents PET
hundredweight drayag~s on all cement.
lumber. hardware, and all other build
ing material, except sand. The cot
taees in question have cement floors.
steel ceilings, partition walls Of hol-
low blocks. as well as outside walls.
Although the roofs are sllinsled, the
contractor says that the whole strust-
ure is practically hreproof and con-
st.tutes a very substantial building.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-01-12

Thirteen. out Of nineteen years OF my
life I have spent on the farm and
viii give my ideas upon the subject.
Boys are not made with dispositions
alike; II they were it would not be
hard to tell what they need to keep
them in the rural districts.
one boy may be satisfied with his
environment and like his tasks; an
other may dispise his surroundings
and hate his work: so before preach
inx for the boy to stay on the farm
We should fnd out what work he likes
btst.
II he is not cut oct for farmer
he may be q born builder OF sky
.crapers and think he ought to 60
ci.y-ward, and 60 while younS. Boys
are born for farms and born for
towns. ~ -
- YOU do not krow what you are
made for, you can ind by doing the
tasks YOUR heart tells you you love.
a YOU like the least thing about the
farm would say stay! But better be
: .uccessf,il, contented bootblack than
. lazy. unintsr ested. disappointed tiller
Of the soil.
MANY farm boys who are ambitious
fer money and fame labor under
delusion that these things cannot be
obtained on the farm.
They need to hear Of David Ran
kin CT Tarkio, Missouri, who died only
! short time ago. Mr.. Rankin was
the greatest farmer In the world.
He commenced by buying an on
-. N for 80. 90 and going In debt for q
plow. During recent years his eighty.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-01-12
The PRODUCTION OF OATS
The Oat Crop the United States Has Increased Twelve
rCent During the Past Five Years.
BY G. W.. WARRINGTON

able for South America and for
large part OF both Asia and Africa
The production Of oats In Africa |:
small. but In South America and In
some portions Of Asia for which no
figures are published It 10 considerable.
The 1909 crop OF the world was about
one-flft larger than that Of any OF the
previous four years. reaching . total
Of 4,296, s65,000 bushels, For the Ave
years the average European produc.'
ton Of oats was 2,3s3, 100000 bushels,
or practically two-thirds of the crop
OF the world. Russia, Germany.
France. and Austria Hungary are the
leading European countries in the pro-
duction OF oats. North America pros
duced 1,l72.134.oo0 bushels. nearly
four-ifths OF which were produced 10
the United States.
For 1910. the NTH crop in the
United States. In point Of value Is oats.
the value Of which IL 3aS0,ooo.0o0. or
IL per cent. above the average Of
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-01-12
DRAINAGE OF COUNTRY ROADS
Properly Built Macadam Roads Are Supplied w tn Drain
to Garry Of Surplus Water
nv a. B..

Water should never be permitted
to remain under macadam road.
It softens the foundation SO that the
broken stone is forced down into It
by the wheels Of vehicles, thus caus-
Ing ruts to develop in the macadam.
In freezing it expands and "heaves"
the broken stone. destroying the bond
and causing the larger fragments Of
stone to rise to the surface. AS re-
suit the material In the subgrade is
forced up into the interstices and In
the spring the nacadam will be found
TO be rough, irregular in shape, and
weakened, There are several ways
Of removing, the subsurface water, at
east in part. Sometimes 1t the grade
Is raised In wet places the trouble
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-01-12

were built with telford base, re-
CARELESS OF any consideration OF the
requirements of traffic. 1t is now
generally recognized that. except in
unusual cases where the subsoil is
full Of water. which can not be drained
out, the teNord base is unnecessary
except for purposes Of subdrainags.
A satisfactory telford foundation may
be made by placing vertically on .
layer of gravel or more inches In
depth, stones of fairly uniform size.
not exceeding 10 inches In width. 8
inches In depth. and varying in length
from to 20 inches. The stones
should be set on their broadcast edges.
lengthwise across the road. and
wedged rfgidly into position by driv-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-01-12
FEEDING DRAFT COLTS.

4 Feed the draft colts strong for all
the growth and development possible
In the early maturity TO get into the
big gelding market AZ soon - possible.
where prices are high. but do not fssd
corn and oil meal to fatten the colts
and young horses ~ you would to .
fat steer. Horses want bone and mus
Gle along with their large siss. With
the run Of, the pasture every day. for
vigorous exercise. and q soon as old
enough give them careful work: then
Won can increase the feed snd yet
them In good show condition, and
MN work enough to keep them in
TIE best condition the buyers viii
nav you SIS to $50 more than TOR
the thin horse.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-01-12
A RICH NAN.

The richest man in our acquaintance
10 one who. although in middle life,
has not accumulated thousand dol
lars. His character Is 30 lofty ana
gentle and his heart SO genuinely true
tn. his friendship carries with It .
wonderful. wealth of helpfulness and
courage and those other qualities
which lift men into high places In
life-and saees are things that money
G mot kAS.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-01-12

Dan Patch, the grand champion
sire horse of the world. has recently
boon purchased by Mr.. John J. Nit
chsll, president OF the Illinois Trust
ana Savings Bank. Chicago. The
price paid for the animal was $4,000.
Dan Patch, named after the famous
PAGER has taken the championship
honors for three successive ysars.