davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-12

powers. limiting his religious authority
and granting TO his people a parliament
besides liberty of conscience, of the per
son, of education. Of the press Of asso-
citation and of speech They promptly de-
posed this shah because he violated this
constitution, and under his successor the
Persians have already INDUCED in the
luxury Of voting and of electing a rep
reSentatiNe parliament. When the regent,
who reigned for the boy shah, died last
year, parliament elected his successor
and since then this legislature has pass
ed progressive program. including the
reform of the police. the suppression of
disorder and the employment OF foreign
advisers, several of notwithstanding the
treasurer general-are Americans.
How Turkey has reorganized on much
the same plan YOU already know. And
Korea has lately been absorbed by Japan
which for over twenty years has had a
constitution and parliament OF two
houses.
FNen India is now possessed Of the
same gegm of progress. In spite Of the
recent statement attributed 10 Niscount
Morley. the secretary for india that
democracy is as unsuited To Indian tenn
permanent as is Canadian fur coat to
Indian climate the agitation for a consti-
tuition still continues in the vast empire
of the mahara IahS.
And Siam. too seems II be falling into
line. Her Young king, who was educated
in England. and who during visit among
US has persona ~ studied our scheme OF
government. lately arranged To appoint Al
lis own expense. a numbe. Of king :
scholars to he educated in his esteemed
England They Will return and SOW the
seeds Of constiiutionalism a. have the
hundreds Of students sent abroad by
China. The new emperors father Was
also a progressive. lie appointed an
American adviser Il. III. Strobel, one Of
our distinguished publicists. whose career
was sadly interrupted by death
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-12
"OULD More Than Dou-
w BILE Latter's Strength

Ule LdtteI 5 OtreHStH-
One-Half of Earth's Popula-
ton Would Then Be Under
a Republican Form of Gov
ernment-Surprising Gain in
the Movement Toward Rule
by the People as the Decades
Fit Blythe Orient's Re-
markable Awakening-India
Now Following China, Persia
and Turkey in the Demand
for a observation-disclosures
Also in Europe-Some Curl
osities in the Catalogue of Re-
publics.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-12
~ JOHN ELFEErH WATKINS.

il cul-
inmate in a repub-
lie or not. the Chi
nese revolution will
free from the yoke
Of absolute monar-
clly more than -
per cent OF the
u orld 5 peoples
now chafed there
by and viii leave
under its weight,
elsewhere on earth,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-12

n comparativeIy meaeer population, no
greater than that of our three adjacent
states Of New York New Jersey and
Pennsylvania Yet today there bear this
burden five times as many people as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-12

lhI- fact oouironts one At every
corner AMI oftentmcs At shorter inter
vais Temporarily. at least. tho peanut
has beon esli9sed aud the chestnut holds
COMPLETE way. And. Incidentally, those
vino pro cs> t. - IN . position t. know
whs root they sp,as declare that 81 all
the SEASONS in my time" this i Tho best
Washington has hc"n fairly flooded with
nuts coming III BY express IN quantities
o. from one sack 10 almost an entire
carload
Ever, body who sells thiuSs 70 which
tae term market can y" rightly APP
Piled rau generally t. found 70 have
Che-tuufS included in hls wares chest
nuts arr ningIing Familiarity with tho
newly arrived Dummies Or Nesting close to
stout cabbage~ or the last SOFTLY tinted
pea lies With the gentleman who ped
dies his varied wares. this season OF the
Year IS d perpetual JOY. not 10 mention
profit. Each morning, with much gestlc-
ulatlng. He purchases his supply OF nuts,
at wholesale. Of course, and Thereafter
spends his ia y IN roasting them, sure III
he know!edse that the persuasive aroma
which rises from his somewhat primitive
roasting apparatus will bring him all the
customers ne can possibly supply. lie
needs 10 other advertisement. this timer
ant peddler o. petty wares, for wherever
the battered pail with its accompanying
punciured frying pan, can be seen there
Will assemble those To whom i've cents
worth OF cnestnut~ represents the maxi
mum of early winter joy
Washington chestnut supply comes
from within a radius Of about forty miles
OF the city. 10 a considerable extent. al
though some chestnuts come from Lynch
burg Their method of reaching here
might be termed VIA the country store
route for that in all truth l. the source
of the greater portion While there are a
few men who have gone into the business
OF raising chcstnuts FOR market pur-
poses, by far the greater part comes from
the woods. and gathering them constitutes
a means OF livelihood 10 many people
In the rural mountainous districts OF
both Virginia and Maryland many OF the
poor families work gathering up the
chestnuts. When the days work i done
the total accumulation Is brought together
and put into as many bags as may he
required. Then one of the grown up''
members OF the family goes 10 town
At the country store d1Cksr is made
Usually the man gets a cent and a half
pound for the nuts that being the way
IN which they are sold. That may not
mean money. but only much credit
that the man can trade out in goods
This primitive method of barterinc
10 the one which figures principally liz
the marketing of chestnuts. And when
the man at the country store gives the
other but "A cent and half pouud il
does not necessarily mean that he is
Less than two weeks ago ches nuts
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-12

helped Charlema gne against the Moors
he continued its privilege of self-govern-
ment.
Equally unknown to the popular mind
IS the next republic of history 10 come
into being, which still exists and which
enjoys the distinction of being the small
est and second oldest of the family. This
IS San Marino which occupies upon the
slope Of Mount Titan. on the Adriatic,
impregnabIe faStneSS only thirty-thrce
square miles in extent. or less than
quarter Of the area of Andorra. Since ii
was founded in $50 or nearly a century
after the AndorranS set up their tiny
commonwealth, San Marine has main
tanned against many attacks its indie
pendence. which was respected by both
Napoleon and Garibaldi. It's HOP citi
zenS elect a sixth, or great council,
composed of twenty mobiles, twenty towns
men and twenty peasants. of whom two
are elected as presidents or regents for
terms of six months. after which they
are ineligible again for office for three
years So you see that the smallest re-
public in area. on earth, requires two
executives to rule it. Its government is
pra ctically the same as it was a millen-
MUM ago.
Following this midget in the family of
republics came Amalf. lasting from 900
to 113J: then Iceland. 92S-1261. Genoa
1OGO-1Soo. the Lombard CommuneS, 11S,-
1880: the Free Cities of Germany. lo4l-
1890: Switzerland, 1901 and still existing.
United Netherlands, 1909 1903: Hamburg,
Lubbock and Bremen, 1880 and still exist
ing. though members of the German con-
federation: Frankfort, 16O-lS1O; the Eng
liSh commonwealth. 16i9-l66n, and then
the United States of America. So much
for lists Of names and dates. but this
brief one contains some surprises to
many who have not followed the old
tracks of the republican spirit as il fitted
about Europe before our time. 1t was
upon the experiences of these seventeen
older republics of earth that our fathers
built our own Within the Christian era.
UP to their time, there had been no re-
publics in the first six centuries, after
which there existed, in the seventh. 7.
in the eighth, =: ninth. ,: tenth, >. elev-
enth. q. twelfth. :: thirteenth. 5: four
teenth. fifteenth ana sixteenth, :. and
seventeenth and eighteenth, 10.
But our Liberty Bell was the signal
Cor the real procession TO begin. First
France. at the tag end of the eighteenth
century. and then two dozen new repup-
lies, one right after the other, in the
nineteenth century. within viii. twenty
eight republics saw life. There are now
governed by republics. founded since our
Independence. more than twice as many
people as live under existing republics
founded before that event. Only three
have gone out of existence in the past
hundred yearS--that Of Spain and those
of South Africa
lis remarkable how the orient is aWak-
cning and clamoring for constitutions and
representative governments. In the last
few years Persia has made one shah sign
constitution taking away his absolute
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-12
CFuHIAS. DABY Er1PERoR (srANDlN7l With his
farmer ,ThE REGENG Aud LITTLE. BROTHER

Scu could count i'll all OF our states
combined.
Yesterday one in every three people of
earth were in the tickle hands of despots.
one in Seventy-SiN will be the meager
revolt
Only four nations Of the world will now
remain upon the erstwhile lengthy cata-
logue of absolute lnonarchieS, these be-
ing with their pOpulationSl:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-12

AS there is no law whereby the
federal government can cope with the
situation, which the Department Of
Agriculture considers important enough
to require immediate attention, the
method advocated is that the various
states wherein the disease is doing
damage take up the matter of at least
its control The department. however
points out one drawback, the fact that
if one state does take preventive meas
ures the work may be entirely without
result if the state adjoining fails To do
due to the possibility of re-
infection. And in smaller degree. it
is claimed the work of a body of citi-
zens would have similar results If
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-12

lis Is the season of the chest
Hnt Roasted. boiled ~ raw, in
uiut and quart measures. boxes,
iarrcls Or sacks. evidence Of
Fi~ fac, oouironts ono At every
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-12

In other words. this population. twice as
vast as ours Including our insular POS
sessions, has in the half decade past
slipped from the iron grasp of abSolutism.
And China will more than treble this
total-will swell il to Ga. uD, which
looms up mighty big when YOU consider
that the total population of earth is
..,l3. 10000.
t:ut the great celestial pendulum aims
to swing even farther than the limits of
constitutional monarchy. 4 republic has
been all along the ultimate aim of her
aStoundingly successful reVolutioniSts
And If they succeed the world family Of
republics will be Increased 20 two and
half times its present population, and
will include one-half the people OF the
entire earth
Thirteen months ago the best boast that
could have been made was that one-third
the popula ton OF the civilized world and
less than il fifth Of the world at large
lived under republican rule. Then came
Portugal. yeStermonth 4 year ago, burst
ing into the family OF republics with more
than 1-.foDpDa men, women and children.
gone out Of the king business And today
the western world stands awe-Struck and
agapc at the show Of strength behind this
sudden move Of the Celestial revolutioniSts
10 metamorphoSe into a republic far
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-11-12

And that. By the way, was minus even
the dented pail and punctured frying pan
method. incidentally, for those of an
analytical turn of mind. the gentleman
who conducted that retail business sold
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1911-06-08
DURHAM,
Rev. David ]. DOUGLAS.

The passing away of the Rev. David
j. Douglas 1T his home In Durham, the
evening of May 81, at six o'clock, is d
great loss to the religious world. the
ending of life so active in religious
affairs connected for over 30 years with
the Quaker church as preacher and
lecturer on theology. In a long train
of ilustrieus ancestors by the high
est titles connected with The greatest
families OF Europe. the name of Doug
las has been eleven times united in
marriage with the Royal House of
Scotland. several times with the Eng
lish nobility, also the French. a double
cousin to ex-Goy. William Douglas
the shoe manufacturer, the Rev. Da-
vid j. Douglas was born 81 years ago.
Oct 10. Ordained rs minister. in
Winthrop. his first revival was held in
NiRdhaIn. Me, where for the FIRST time
amongst the Guakers. now called
F'rierds, he introduced the Altar SER
vice ana singing. A resident pastor in
some 10 states - far west as Kansas.
The old Quaker regime called him a
thorn in the society.,sbu: later vas hon
ored and much beloved for this work
done. AS nov tive Friends have their
regular sopg services and REVEALS An
other work he did was to Ilingle with
other denomina tions and exchange
pulpts FOR a Sunday service with the
Methodist and Baptist churches:
hreadenlng the once narrow quaker
belief.
arr Douglas health has been failing
for some three years and the past six
months mas rapidly failed. But little
could be done To relieve the sufferer,
hear: disease and complications was
the diagnosis. ta5
The funeral services were held al
his old place in Durham. Saturday ar
ternoon. A large gathering OF friends
and relatives assembled to pay tribute
to the beloved brother. Beautiful
floral tributes We're sent from al over
the country. Relatives from the west
arrived few days i.efore his death
A brother. Rev. Josiah Douglas and
son. Nathan. Jr., living in McI.cud.
Oklahoma. and relatives from Massa
chusetts. were by his bedside during
the last hours. II was happy smile
to all and then The eEd so quiet and
peaceful. Rev. Edward Harker Off
ciated, stating as he ended the clos
ing service: a great soul is X rest.
Having labored in his Masters vine
yard for 80 wears. with such phenonae
nal success. A crown full of stars
awaits MIN on the other shore" stf
Then Mr. Douglas aunt, Mary Doug
las Goddard, spoke. In heg 101st year.
a picture never TO be forgotten. as she
stood by her beloved nephew.
Many near relatives of Mr.. Douglas
live in Durham where Mr.. Douglas
was born. and whence he returned five
years ago. Mr.. Douglas leaves wife
and son. Lydia Myers Douglas and
Prot. Robert Walter Douglas, who isl
we'll known in the 1ni,sical world.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1911-06-08

But-and the but is a big one---is it
wise, is it right. that little human
soul entrusted to us and we 'let it take
its chance?'
How?
Let us look at the purely physical
side first
Day after day. week after week,
term after term. that boy may sit next
TO the child of strumous or tubercuious
parents. breathing the same air. per
haps-who knows? we don't-sleeping
side by side in the same dormitory at
night; and these diseases, bear i'll
mind, are not to be easily detected in
their initial stages by the lay observ-
er. though they are, we have it OH med
ical authority, infectious from very
early stage.
Then the feed-the old adage that
'one mans meat is another mans
poison is even truer of the child than
of the man.
Which of us has not met the child
to whom a milk pudding is leathsome
but who rejoices at the sight of suet
dumping? S -
Whv2 Because the anemic little
frame needs the richer fat of the two.
and its liking is the voice of Nature
making itself heard her Glamour for
additional nourislhment
Your bilious child cannot touch fat
in any shape or form. but fat and lean
must be served out impartially in the
eining-hall,t and OF course he leaves his
fat: no additional lean is given to him.
and he goes short of a certain amount
of nourishment each day which indis-
criminately spent money at the local
tuck shop by no means rectifies.
Fruit again. is an. essential part of
the dietary of a growing child. but
who ever heard of giving dessert" to
the scfoolboys? Fruit, buildings in
season are doubtless provided. but
dessert-well. of course, they are ex-
pected to buy that for themselves; and
as the average schoolboy invariably
puts quantity before quality perhaps
they would do better without the fruit
they do buy.
And now we come to an even more
important subject.
Illness. incipient illness even OF til :
gravest kinds, goes quite unnoticed in
the majority of public schools. until
it has become, so to speak. self asser-
tive-i. e., apparent to all beholders.
Why?
Because in the majority of cases
the competition is so keen. the desire
to excel. it may be in examinations
il may be only in sports. is so intense,
that the average boy will and does dc
anything, suffer anything. almost soon
er than report to the matron and have
two or three days in the sanatorium:
and most of the epidemics we Tear OF
from time to time i2s public schools
have lad their origin thus
OF course, the remedy is an Obvious
one. In every school there should be
| \ compulsory medical roll call eacli
| morning 1t would take but a second
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1911-06-08


for each boy to pass the doctors, and
where the quickened pulse, the dull
eye. the flushed face indicated the ne
cessity. temperatures could be taken
forthwith, and many an attack of Ill
ness, not to say many a precious life,
would thus be saved.
Molly coddting? Not a bit of it,
Just a reasonable precautiou, and one
which would vastly tend to improve
the physical health and stamina of the
rising generation.
True. but the eyes of love are quick
to note the smallest indisposition of
the loved one. and u boy with IA bad
headache and a sore throat is rot in
the least ashamed to complain to his
mother; it is naturally the obvious
thing to do, ii she has not noticed it
first fshe mostly does. by the way):
whereas, at a public school. he would
dread being set down as "a muft'' if he
complained of every little ache and
pain.
Again. hoy in an incipient stage of
infectious disease in a house is not
the same menace To the general health
as is boy among hundred and fifty
oIlieE DpSS-
Parents should realize that even the
finest boarding. school influence is
but a poor thing compared with that
of good home where love and amity
reign. That the head of all our great
schools are men of the highest in
tegrity is an acknowledged fact. but
Il must also be admitted that 1t is a
matter of physical impossibiliiy for
any one of them to keep anything like
an adequate eve or to have anything
like I'm adequate influence upon u
couple of hundred boys at one and the
same time.
No. The finest moral preceptor a
bov can have is his own father when
that father is worthy of the name.
and only the very gravest reasons can
justify sending g. child from home be-
fore he has reached the age of at least
fourteen years
Preparatory schools are not neces-
sary IN So far as they are also board
ing schools, and wherever possible and
Providence permits. good home is the
finest preparatory school alike for the
great public school and the big world
which is to come after.-~A Modern
Mother in the London Daily Mail
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1911-06-08

black in color and being coarse in ma
terial and perhaps imperfectly mixed
and poorly laid they were likely to
crack. - HaoUf
For paths up to and around, the
house they were first used, but crude
as they were at first they had come TO
stay. They cost less than brick and
could be more quickly laid, and the
vogue of the concrete or cement walk
increased and pretty soon it began to
appear n front, to displace brick as a
regular sidewalk material.
Then as towns and cities grewfin
size and trade. and traffic in them in
creased the old time weavy brick side-
walks began more and more toIdisap-
pear from business streets and more
of the sidewalks here came to be
paved with flags and with flags .of
larger dimensions. The time, stglali
flags were likely if not sure tofbe up
heayed by the frost. SO now in the lat
er days they came to put down bigger
and heavier ones in the business
streets. until in time. in big cities they
lalu Ior Sidewalks an busy streets Sohu,
heavy slabs of granite stretching from
the building line to the curb, slabs laid
or secure concrete foundations or rest
ing firmly on sidewalk vaults; granite
sidewalks put down to stay.
Meantime cement sidewalks Had
been vastly Improved in the materials
and in the mixture and in the Laying.
There were still put down thin, ftifrsy.
poor cement sidewalks, that were up
feayed and cracked by the frost COR
that lust cracked anyway but in time
the making and laying of cement walks
came to be practically. science and
also an art; and so bricks were, fig-
uratively speaking, crowded more and
more off the walk everywhere. cement
sidewalks or sidewalks of stone talxinls
their place. xOIg
Now il a property owner cares Ito
pay for 1t he can have laid as.eefnent
sidewalk that will stand; a walk that
will dry out an agreeable stonea tint
ard wear like stone or better. Such
sidewalks are now often laid in bnSi-
ness streets instead of stone. and ce-
ment sidewalks of one sort and as,-
other are now everywhere tei.ingsEaor
they have long taken, the place of
brick in general sidewalk use. ], n ]
So the sidewalks laidsnowala sstsar6
commonly Of stone or of cement. tBESck
sidewalks, the old time brick Side
walks. are still to be found scattered
here and there about the country..sspu
can ind patches of brick sidewalks
still. today. right in New York in some
parts of the town; but speaking In
general way the once Universal brick
sidewalk is now a thing of the past.
driven out under the pressure of ce-
ment and stone New York sgnsa9
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1911-06-08

the majority of sidewalks were paved
with, just red brick
Occasionally these brick sidewalks
were laid with the brick crosswise of
the walk and with broken joints; that
is the bricks were laid with their ends
overlapping as they are in a brick wall
but in later days the bricks were laid
diagoHsliy With a regularly interlock-
ing pattern. A brick sidewalk laid IN
this manner was more agreeable to the
eye and also it wore better. because
when trodden upon the feet of the
walkers touched more bricks at once;
the pressure on them was Haore dis
tributed and SO the bricks kept their
places better than did those in a side
walk where the bricks were laid square
across.
sometimes il man could afford it
and he fancied a sidewalk laid that
way he had his sidewalk laid with the
bricks set on edge. Thus set, they
We're less likely to weave under pres
sure. But brick sidewalks We're com
monty laid with the bricks Hat, and il
must have been IL very remarkable
brick sidewalk that went through d
Northern winter without getting un-
even and lumpy.
Fer moisture would penetrate into
the innumerable spaces between the
bricks and down into tue sand or gray
81 in which they were laid, and in the
sprirg, when with everything else the
brick sidewalks thawed out, they were
sure TO lose their original smcothness.
1t was 4 common thing to relay brick
sidewalks in the spring But many
were not relaid. and these accumulated
unevehnesses. and the bricks in them
might Wear unevenly and so la those
days there were brick sidewalks that
We're quaint marvAls OF surface irregu-
larity.
Trae, there were then more or less
stone sidewalks made of bluestone
slabs, flag sidewalks they were called.
In the business streets these we're usu-
ally TO be found. though you might lind
them also in residence streets, most
frequently in those streets more OUT
lying where a wide strip of Tagging
might serve, with grass perhaps on
either side. Considerably more expen-
sive than brick, such a flag sidewalk,
and rather mark of distinction it was
in front of place in a smaller city or
town. but people Of more moderate
means night run d line of Tagging
from brick sidewalk in front of their
house up to their doorsteps
stiIl. while in some larger cities
tagging had gradually come into a
mere general use, brick was in the old
days the sidewalk material almost uni
yersally used in the residence parts of
almost all cities and towns, and then.
some forty or fifty years ago the con-
crete or cement sidewalk was invented.
The first concrete or cement side
walks laid We're not very pretty to looi:
at tiotyery good. They were coarse and
gritty il the texture of their material
and likely to dry out pretty nearly