The citizen. (Honesdale, Pa.) 1908-1914, 1911-07-14

Lbh ONtI al liIt IutL DflS VI ulN
cabinet. III the extra session which
was called by ITcrrison, bet which
Harrison did r0t I've to ser, an ssua
came up which split the Viii: party,
which had elected Harrison and Ty.
Ter. This was the United states bank.
which had been killed by Jackson long
before that time. Tyler vetoed the
bank bill Another bill with the same
purpose in view, but modified with TIE
hope of meeting Tyler's objections.
was also vetoed Then all of his cabi-
net as rebuke resigned-all except
Webster, the secretary of state, who
was engaged in an important negota-
ton with England and who retained
office until that measure was consnm-
mated This was the Webster Ash
burton treaty Of 1912. Afterward he.
too, stepped down. The Wings went
through the form of reading Tyler out
Of their party, and for the latter part
of his service he was a president with
out any recognized political support
ers of any consequence. He drifted
back to the Democratic party and was
a member In good standing in that or
ganization during the latter years Of
his life
Lincoln held similar relations to his
cabinet that Jefferson did to his Off
cial advisers. He was one Of them
and submitted most Of his propositions
to them freely and fully. According
to Jefferson's own testimony, there
was a fraternal feeling between him
and every member of his council. All
had his confidence, and all were loyal
to him. One Of his cabinet, Madison,
the secretary Of state, became his po-
htical heir and was his successor In
the White House. Chase, the secre-
tary Of the treasury, was a rival of
Lincoln for the presidential nomina-
ton in 1864, but when the Republican
members of the legislature Of his own
state, Ohio, early in that year declared
in favor of Iincoln's denomination
Chase directed his boomers to desist.
Lincoln retained his regard to the end
for his finance minister, and after
NhuHC ltSlSllullOh
him chief Justice of the supreme court.
Several changes. some through death
and others through resignation, took
place in the cabinet during Lincoln's
four years and six weeks in the presi-
dency, but considering the Importance
of the issues and the laborious char
acter of the work which president and
cabinet were compelled to do the har-
mony in the war executives political
family was remarkable.
Attacks on Johnson and Tyler.
Johnson inherited all of Lincoln's
cabinet, and some of the members
Seward, secretary of state; McCulloch,
secretary Of the treasury, and Welles,
secretary of the navy-remained with
him to the end. With one of the mem
bers-Stanton, secretary of war-John-
son had serious breach, and this had
some influence toward precipitating
the feud with the Republican con-
gress in which the house impeached
Johnson and in which, by a narrow
margin, he escaped conviction by the
senate as the trial jury and conse-
quent removal from office. The at
tacks on Johnson by the party which
elected him were fiercer than were
made on Tyler quarter of a century
earlier by the Wings. There was an
important difference, however, in the
two cases. While Tyler was a Whig
at the time of his election as vice
president on the Harrison ticket,
Johnson when he was selected as run
ming mate with Lincoln was not Re-
publican. He was war Democrat.
Nobody who voted for Johnson in
the national convention supposed that
he was a Republican. The convention
itself was Union convention and not
a Republican gathering. While most
of his delegates had voted the Repub
lican ticket in 1860 and voted it in
1868, some Of the delegates to the con
vention of 1864 were Democrats in
those years The issue in 1864 was
the preservation of the Union by Wig
urous and unrelenting war The par
tisan status Of Johnson needs to be
kept in mind in judging him because
of the rupture between him and the
Republican congress.
Grant, who had no political expert
ence when first elected, chose the
members of his cabinet by personal
preference. AS a consequence he made
many mistakes, although he had made
very few in his selections and recon-
mendations Of generals in the civil war
era. Many changes took place In the
cabinet during Grants eight years in
office. More alterinGs of the cabinet
roll took place in Roosevelts seven and
half years in the White House, how
ever, than had ever been made previ,
ously. He did mere shifting from one
post to another in his political family
than any other president had done.
The persons who wanted to familiarize
themselves with the cabinet roster dur
ing the career Of the twenty-fifth pres
ident needed to maintain eternal vigi-
lance. Every post except that Of secre-
tary of agriculture had its incumbent
changed more than once, and some of