davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1911-01-20

In England the recent anarchist
outbreak is to be followed, it is said,
by a general Punishment from that
country of that class Of undesirable
citizens. Anarchists. thugs, yrgg
men aud other criminals will then
flee to this country as welcome
place OF refuge.
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1911-01-20
A COOKING Hint.

To keep the under crust of me-
ringue lemon pie free from bubbles
spread the paste over the bottom and
sides Of pie plate. invert the plate
over cupful of water and bake it in
the oven in that position.
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1911-01-20

First prize $3.50 Krause piano; Second due bill for $500
Third due bill for $780, Fourth due bill for s24o Fifth
due bill for $500
The list OF contestants and their standing is published else
where IN this paper each week. Look over Is there NOT
someone IN the list whom you would like see win one of
these Przes So help her with your piano votes Every
dollar cash spent the general stock Sage Store
200 votes and on their ewery $780, New cash SUBJ
scrPons to HE tribune mean each and re-
newals 5oo Get interested If you have favorte in the
list vote tor her. All voting secret and you will find the
ballot box handy at Sage's Store
contest started Oct IS 1910, and closes Feb H. IONS
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1911-01-20

Thomas Balmer, advertising man
ager Of the Butterick publications,
says: you cannot kill an elephant
with popgun. Neither can you get a
page effect with an inch advertise.
ment"
Which 10 Just another way Of say
anG you cannot do Justice to your
new stock with . small al. Suppose
you try . page Id. in this DaDer.
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1911-01-20

When buying cough medicine for
children bear ia mind that Chamber.
lain's Cough Remedy is most effectual
for colds. Group and whooping cough
and that it contains no harmful drug.
For sale BY all druggists.
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1911-01-20

When given as soon as the crOupy
cough appears Chamberlain's Cough
Remedy will ward off an attack of
Group and prevent all danger and
cause OF anxiety. Thousands Of
mothers use II successfully. Suld by
all Druggists.
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1911-01-20

DSrSubscribe for THE RATHDRUM
TRIBUNE. Only $l.00 per year. II
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1911-01-20
caIFs Brains.

Wash the brains carefully and cut
each pair into four pieces, removing
all bits Of fiber and skin. Rinse well.
wipe each piece dry. dip 1t in beaten
eggs and cracker crumbs and fry In
hot lard
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1911-01-20

power.
The Washington herald., 1911-07-23

utes the population according to what
he calls square degrees" which are
the areas included between consecutive
parallels of latitude and meridians OF
longitude. A point is then assumed,
tentatively, as the center and correc-
tions in latitude and longitude to this
tentative position are computed. The
population of each square degree is
assumed to be located at the center of
that square degree, except in cases
where this assumption is manifestly
untrue. as, for instance, where a large
part Of that square degree is occupied
by the sea or other large body Of
water or where 1t contains a city OF
considerable magnitude which is To-
Gated 'ofr center" In these cases the
position of the center of the popula-
tion of the square degree Is estimated
as closely as possible.
athematicaI Problem.
The next process is to work out the
shortest distance between each center
of population OF the square degrees
and the assumed parallel and meridian.
The population of each square degree
is then multiplied by the shortest dis
tance OF its center of population from
the assumed parallel of latitude and
the sums of the products. or moments.
north and south Of that parallel are
obtained. Their difference, divided by
the total population of the country,
gives a correction to be applied to the
latitude of the assumed center Of popu-
lation of the country. In a similar
manner the east and west moments are
secured. and from them a correction
to the longitude of the assumed center
of Population of the country is OBJ
tained. By applying both corrections
to the latitude and longitude of the
point that was first arbitrarily picked
as the tentative center of population
the true center is located
First Center Near Baltimore.
The westward movement Of the CEN
ter of population since 1890 throws an
interesting light on the development of
this great nation. At the time of the
first census the center of population
was 80 degrees 56.5 minutes north lati-
tude and IS degrees 11.2 minutes west
longitude, which by comparison with
the best maps obtainable would seem
to place ii about twenty-three miles
east of Baltimore During the decade
between 1890 and 1900 it appears to
have moved almost due west to a point
The Washington herald., 1911-07-23

After weeks of complex calculation
and the compilation Of many tables OF
figures the chief geographer of the
Census Bureau and his assistants were
able last Tuesday to announce the To-
cation of the center of the population
of the United States for the month of
June, 1910, when the last census was
taken. To the average citizen the an
nouncement meant little, but to the
Census Bureau officials 1T was the cul-
mination of one of the most interest
ing statistical feats performed under
their direction every decade.
Just what is the center OF popula-
ton is a question that arises in the
minds of the majority of newspaper
readers when they are informed that
this mystic, shifting spot has been 10
Gated again. It is merely the spot on
the map from which there is an equal
distribution of population to the four
points Of the compass. In other words,
If one should stand on the spot near
Unionville, Ind, where the census office
will erect the granite shaft for 1910,
there would be just as many people in
the United States to your right hand
as to your left, and behind you as in
front Of you no matter which way you
turned.
Shows Country's Growth.
The main purpose of the center of
population is to show in what direc-
ton there has been the greatest de-
velopment and growth in population
since the preceding census. By DO
other means is the real growth of the
country revealed so well. In the case
Of the United States, of course, 1t has
been a decadinal reiteration of west
ward the course of the empire takes its
way. Slowly but surely the center Of
population has worked toward the
Mississippi since the first census was
taken in 1890.
To secure the center OF population
Geographer Charles s. Sloane first as
sumed that every person in the United
States tips the scales at the same
weight, 100 pounds. This reduces the
center of population to a question of
determining the point on which the
United States would balance. disregard
ing the existence of mountains and
water courses, as a elate balances on
the wand point of a juggler. 1t is the
center OF gravity of the population.
The census geographer then distrib-
The Washington herald., 1911-07-23
FIRST MOTION PICTURE
WAS MADE IN AMERICA

The father OF moving pictures is known.
After years of research and the most
careful investigation of the claims Of
hundreds who have asserted that this or
that idea in the creation Of moving pho
Biography was their own. Lyman H.
Howe, a leading producer OF animated
scenes, declares he has found the evidence
that makes America the scene OF the
making of the first moving picture.
AS with many important things that
have made humanity wonder, the birth of
the moving picture was an accident. The
story OF Just how a wager was made be-
tween the governor of California Iceland
Stanfor0 and a friend as to whether.
horse ever has four legs off the ground
at the same moment while running Is
now the important link in Mr.. Howes rec
ords, which completes. he says. the his
tory OF the moving pictures beginning.
This was in 1871
Eadweard Muybridge, who answered
the question by an experiment in photog-
raphy. brought moving pictures into ex-
istence at the same time. Muybridge was
in charge of the general Photographic sur
Vey of the Pacific coast In California. He
was an Englishman, born at Kingston
on-Thames in 1880. and had come to
America at an early age. He was asked
TO settle the point. At the executives
Palo Alto ranch the manner of operation
OF four-footed animals in their various
gait was made the subject, unconsciously
to Muybridge himself. OF the first moving
picture experiment
Twenty-four cameras were placed In
line to cover each movement of a horse
and rider. The camera shutters were
moved by connecting pieces of string,
which the animal broke as he passed ]
The strings were stretched across the
path OF the animal as he approached the
hurdle, jumped; and ran on.
The result was series OF nictur..
showing each movement OF the horse, II
settled the argument and It caused Muv-
bridge 10 think OF what an importsnt
thing Il would be TO present the photos
IN motion.
To do this. Muybridge copied tn.
The Washington herald., 1911-07-23
HOW CENSUS BUREAU LOCATES THE CENTER
OF POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES

while tho 10 years Of record have ac-
complished a movement in longitude Of
a little over s.5 degrees. Assuming the
westward movement to have been uni
formly along the parallel of 80 degrees
of latitude. the westward movement of
the several decades has been as fol-
lows: 1Tso-1soo. IL miles, 1soo-1s1o.
SO miles; 1s1o-1s20. 50 miles; 1sa0-1sso,
SO miles; 1s3o-1S40. IS miles, 1s4e-1Sbo.
55 miles; 1s5o-1s80, 81 miles; 1sso-1sTo,
~ miles: 1s70-1ss0. IS miles; 1ss0-1sso,
4s miles: 1ss0-1soo IL miles; 1s0o-1s10.
81 miles. This is q total westward
movement of $40 miles since 1870. The
sudden aoceleration Of movement be-
tween 1880 and 1850 was due to the
transfer of considerable body Of pop
ulation from the Atlantic to the Pacific
coast. twelve individuals in San Fran
cisco exerting as much pressure at the
then pivotal point, namely. the crossing
OF the eighty-third meridian and the
thirty-ninth parallel a. forty individ-
uals in Boston.
The Median Point.
There is another point figured out In
connection with the center Of popula-
tion. Il Is called the "msdian point"
It is the point OF intersection OF the
line dividing the population equally
north and south with the line dividing
1t equally east and west. In short, It Is
the central point Of the population. 1t
differs from the center OF population In
the fact that distance from the center
is not considered. Its movements from
census to census bear no relation to
the movements OF the population. since
only movements by which bodies OF
population are transferred across its
parallel or it's meridian have any in
fiuence upon its position. To illustrate
this: million people may move from
Minnesota to Washington State with
out affecting its position, while the
movement of a hundred persons from
Michigan to Wisconsin might affect 1t
appreciably. In 1900 the meridian of 81
degrees 81 minutes 20 seconds equally
divided the population OF the United
States east and west, and the parallel
of 20 degrees minutes q seconds
equally divided Il north and south.
The median point, therefore, was To-
Gated at Spartanburg. Ind. The new
median point has not yet been an
nounced.
The Washington herald., 1911-07-23

OF Moorefeld. in tho present State Of
West Virginia. This is the most de-
cided southwark movement that 1t has
made during any decade. 1t appears to
have been due in part to the addition
of Florida to our territory. and in part
to the great extension of settlements
in Alabama. Louisiana, Mississippi, and
Arkansas. or generally, 1t may be said
in the Southwest
In West Virginia.
From 1880 to 1s40 1t moved still far
ther westward. but slightly changed
its direction northward. reaching q
point sixteen miles south of Clarks-
burg. in the present State of West vir-
ginia. During this decade settlement
had made decided advances in the
prairie States and in the southern por-
tions OF Michigan and Wisconsin, the
balance of increased settlement evi-
IDENTIFY being in favor of the Northwest.
From 1910 to 1850 it moved westward
The Washington herald., 1911-07-23

returned southwark to nearly the same
latitude which IT had in 1860. This
southwark movement was due only IN
part to an imerpfect enumeration at
the South in 1870. During the decade
from 1870 TO 1880 the Southern States
made a large positive increase. both
from natural growth and from migra-
tion southwark. -
A Northward Movement.
In 1890 the center OF population had
moved northward into practically the
same latitude it occupied in 1870. This
northward movement was largely due
to the great development in the cities
of the Northwest and in the State Of
Washington, and also to the increase
Of population in New England.
During the decade between 1890 and
1900 the center Of population has moved
westward a little over fourteen miles.
and southwark q little less than three
mileA This il the smallest movement
that has ever been noted. The slight
southward movement 10 due largely to
the great increase in population Of the
Indian Territory. Oklahoma, and Texas.
while tho reat degcrease IN the west
ward movement of the center Is un-
doubtedly due to the large increase In
the population of the North Atlantic
States. II also shows that the popula-
ton Of the Western States did not in
crease as rapidly as in former decades.
In the past ten years the center has
moved northward only seven-tenths Of
a mile and westward approximately
thirty-one miles. more than twice the
westward movement of the previous
decade. This acceleration of the west
ern movement is due principally to the
growth of the Pacific and Southwestern
States.
Moves Almost Due West.
The cIoseness with which the center
OF population. through its rapid west
ward movement. has chung to the paral-
lei OF 80 degrees of latitude cannot
fail to be noticed. The most northern
point reached was at the start in
1880; the most southern point was
in 1880. the preceding decade hav-
ing witnessed a rapid development
OF population In the Southwest-Ala-
bama. Arkansas. Mississippi. and Louis
lana having been admitted as States
and Florida annexed and organized as a
Territory. The extreme variation in
latitude has been less than 10 minutes.
The Washington herald., 1911-07-23

method familiar to those who remember
the toy known as ''zoetrope." This toy
was a pasteboard cylinder with slits in
the upper section. and when it revolved
rapidly it reproduced drawing apparently
in motion.
No photos ever had been used in It,
the effect resulting. for instance, from
imagination Of a man chopping wood,
each movement Of the man, from lift
ing the ak to its descent, having been
drawn separately, but acting as a whole
when the zoetrope revolved.
To reproduce the effect upon a screen,
using photographs, was a mechanical
feat which was finally conquered, the
movements of the horse being shown,
but no background. Muybridge pi rved
bS this that the conventional drawings
made previously of horse in moticp
were wrong, as the horse did not use
his feet and legs in the way the artists
had represented them, and that, except
in Jumping, no animal ever had all its
feet off the ground at one time.
This was before the introduction of
ln6 HeNlDie IOr tDe camera ana be-
fore rapid photography had been de-
veloped. Muybridge lived to see the
wonderful moving picture of to-day He
must have enjoyed the Development of
his crude idea in general lines rather
than confined TO the study OF animals.
Muybridge died in 1904 at his home in
England. He left with the officials of
the'community and his friends the photo
graphs and much of the apparatus used
In his experiments.
One who now sees moving picture
reproductions. vivid scenes of real life
that seem an open window through
which the man In the theater in his
home city may view the manner of liv-
ing Of humanity on the other side OF
the globe. may witness news events
often more completely than II he had
been az the places depicted. has much
to thauk, II seems. TO the argument In
California In 1871 and the Judge who
found something big IN his method Of
decision.
The Washington herald., 1911-07-23

feet of depth. Though the supply was
not wholly cut off. the abundant flow
which had made this old spring on Its
slight eminence a natural reservoir was
ended Efforts were made by the Office
of Public Buildings and Grounds tc
keep up the White House supply, fol
the water was of crystal clearness and
unusually refreshing.
A section Of the pump log line was
replaced by a terra Gotta pipe. which
was lowered several feet, and. starting
from the spring, run through the alley
bounded by Thirteenth and Fourteenth
and H and I streets, under the triangle
formed by the intersection of New York
avenue, H street and Fourteenth street
and on New York avenue to Fourteenth
street, where it was coupled to the wood.
en- pipe. and the hydrant at the White
House was lowered three feet.
But the flow dwindled until spring
water could no longer be had at the
White House. Shortly after Cleveland
came into office pipe was run from
the spring opposite Franklin School to
the oistern in Franklin Square. and the
hydrant was again used at the Execu-
tive Mansion. But this out or the pub
lio hydrants, which the people strongly
opposed, and as result the District
ordered the pipe disconnected. Subse-
quently the hydrants were removed as
insanitary, owing to the proximity OF
sewers to the spring.
Believed 1t Was Poisoned.
During the Spanish h-American war a
tn, ho h.
borhood Of Franklin Square. People
were afraid an enemy would drop poi
son In the cistern." which would be
carried to the White House and kill
President Mckinley. This is easily un-
derstood, however, because water was
drawn from the spring as late as 1902
and used by residents of the neighbor-
hood, many Of whom believed 1t still
ran to the White House.
In 1902 a greenish. oily scum was
frequently seen on the water, which
alarmed the park officials. and they or
dered the water analyzed. A chemist
In the Surgeon Generals office was
given the task. He reported 1t slightly
contaminated with sewage and advised
against its use for drinking purposes.
Since then the iron lids. have been
locked.
About two years ago a section of the
pump logs was unearthed. 1t was in
excellent shape. nearly foot in dame
ter, with hole that would measure
three inches. and made Of soft white
wood-probably poplar
But the old park has other historical
connections. before rEnfant was COM
missioned by washington TO design q
city beautiful for the Federal Capital.
and before the ideal spot for its site
was chosen. - . : matter ef histoey
The Washington herald., 1911-07-23
bout eighteen miles west of the same

about eighteen miles west OF the same
city.
From 1900 TO 1910 the center skipped
by Washington to the northward and
westward, being located finally to a
point about forty miles northwest by
west of Washington. The southwark
movement during this decade was due
to the annexation of Louisiana, which
contained quite extensive settlements.
enough to draw the center OF popula-
ton off its purely westward course.
During the ten years following It
moved westward again and still
slightly to the south to a point about
sixteen miles north OF Woodstock. Va.
This second southwark movement ap-
pears to have been due to the extension
of settlements IN Mississippi. Alabama,
and Eastern Georgia.
From 1920 to 1880 It moved still far
ther westward and southwark to a
point about nineteen miles southwest
The Washington herald., 1911-07-23
Poison Scare of Spanish War Days Caused
Its Abandonment and 1t Has Been
Pronounced Unfit for Use.

Concealed in an old cistern, vaulted
over and covered with grass save where
| two traps protrude above the lawn, is a
spring in Franklin Square that once
supplied the White House with water
! Thirty feet north of the fountain is the
feet apart, and hewn out of solid rock,
with heavy iron lids. great strap hinges,
and ponderous, rusting locks.
A line of pump logs was used to con-
vey the water to the Executive Man.
sion, and the State, War, and Navy
and Treasury buildings were also sup
piled in this way, as were sections
along Pennsylvania avenue up to
Seventeenth street. But, as many
Washingtonians believe, this spring did
not supply the old hydrants at the
northwest and southwest corners Of II
street, intersection Of New York ave-
nue. and Thirteenth street, nor the ones
located at Tenth and streets, Four
teenth street and Pennsylvania avenue.
and Ninth and streets northwest.
ed inclosure, with an entrance on the
west side OF Thirteenth street. short
distance below the Franklin School.
where an old round trap is still in ex-
istence.
There are residents who remember
the hydrant at the White House as far
back as Buchanan's and Lincoln's ad-
ministrations, and then II was anything
but an innovation. But It is hard to
find any record of when the pipes were
first laid. One historian, in speaking Of
the development of the city in 1920,
says: People walking along Pennsyl-
vania avenue from the Capitol to the
White House were able to quench their
thirst with spring water drawn from
wooden hydrants put up by the local
government" And 1t is not unreason-
able to assume the White House was
receiving its supply before this. even
when President Adams came to the
new Federal City and his wife hung her
clothes to dry IN the East Room of her
unfinished home. This Is probably true,
for years ago an cid cistern fed from
the spring was filed up and replaced
by a hydrant with gravity feed.
Building Cuts Into Flow.
In the latter part of Harrison's ad-
ministration the Cochran Hotel was
built, on the northwest corner of Four
teenth and X streets. While the foun-
dations were being dug<a large vein OF
water was struck. which was dis
charged into sewer. so that the erec-
tion of the building could continue.
This water can still. be seen flowing
under . sewer trap In the cellar Of the
hotel.
But with the diversion Of the stream
II was discovered that the water in the
cistern had fallen from its former
height Of sixteen feet y snly several
The Washington herald., 1911-07-23

and slightly southwark again. reaching
a point about twenty-three miles south
east OF Parkersburg. in the present
State of West Virginia, the change of
direction southwark being largely due
to the annexation of Texas.
From 1850 to 1860 1t moved westward
and slightly northward, reaching q
point twenty miles south of Chillicothe.
Ohio.
From 1860 to 1870 1t moved westward
and sharply northward, reaching a
point about forty-eight miles east by
north OF Cincinnati, Ohio. This north
ward movement was due in part to
waste and destruction in the South
consequent upon the civil war. and In
part, probably, to the fact that the GEN.
sus of 1870 was defective in its enumer-
alton OF the Southern people, especially
Of the newly enfranchised negro popu-
lation.
2 In 1880 the center Of population had