davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Elbert County tribune., 1911-02-24
RGNRO EnGZLkZ LOCKS

The s5-foot lock canal which is being con-
structed consists OF sea-evel entrance chan
mel miles long. 500 feet wide and Al feet
deep on the Atlantic side to the foot of Gatun
pronounced "Gatoon") locks On the Pacific
side there is corresponding sea-level chan
mel to Mirafores locks, about s miles long.
500 feet wide and As feet deep.
AT Gatun the s5-foot lake level is obtained
by a great dam about mile and half long.
and nearly half mile thick at the bottom or
base. The dam rests on impermeable material
of sufficient supporting power, and fills the
openings between the hills at Gatun through
which the Chagres pronounced "ShaggersD
river flows to the sea. This river crosses the
channel of the canal no less than fifteen times
in its serpentine course and is one of the
most turbulent streams known during high
water, though 1t looks peaceful enough during
the dry season. II was OF the great OBJ
structions to the possibility of digging a sea
level canal. but this enemy has been converted
into friend. and will be made to supply the
greater portion of the water for filling the
great artificial lake.
The great Gatun dam-upon the successful
completion of which depends the success OF
the canal-consists of water-ught center or
core composed Of clay and sand mixed In
proper proportions. These materials were
adopted after consultation with the best ex-
perts in the world, who came to the conclusion
that clay and sand were the most imperyious
materials that could be used This material
after being properly mixed Is deposited hy-
draulically-that is. by being pumped in by
dredges. This center is confined by a
rock wall on each side. the rock 80 used
being taken from Culebra cut. At the bot
tom this impermeable core of clay and sand
has width of about $50 feet, and gradually
tapers upward until minimum thickness of
400 feet will be had at the water level OF the
lake. The dam viii rise to height of lis
feet, distance of 80 feet above the level
of the lake. The artificial lake-which will
be known as Lake Gatun-wll area
of 164 square miles, or over 100000 acres The
entire navy of the United States can find safe
anchorage therein
The greatest obstacle that has stood in the
way of the engineers for the past 500 years
in constructing canal across Panama has
been the mountain range known as the Cor
dilleras-the backbone of the continent It
was here that the French people wasted and
squandered such great amount OF money
that the picture shown above is called Gold
hill"-it being asserted that they spent enough
in their endeavor to cut through the noun
tain at this point that the money used would
The Elbert County tribune., 1911-02-24

and expectations of the great engineer and
carrying sorrow and want to the homes of
thousands upon thousands of French people
who had contributed their little all toward
forwarding the great enterprise The nation
was brought to the very verge of revolution.
Judicial proceedings were instituted and trials
were had, extending over a period of five
years. There disclosed to the Mortified
world such an orgy of corruption history
had never before recorded. A hundred French
senators and deputies were accused of having
taken bribes. and the police department was
under the charge.
Count de Lesseps never recovered from the
shock-and went down to his grave in 1894
only 16 years ago-a broken-hearted old man
but his fame will remain immortal despite
the sad ending of his career.
In 1903 the United States purchased the
interests and belongings of the French com
pany on the lsthmus of Panama, paying there
for the sum of $4,000, ,000-the assets consist
ing OF valuable surveys, implements of all
kinds. many thousand houses, railroads, land
and also paid the Republic of Panama &c.,
100000 for the Canal Zone-a strip of land in
said Republic of Panama ten miles wide and
practically 30 miles long-extendng from Co
Ion the Atlantic side to Panama City on
the Pacific. Through the center of this ten
mile strip the canal is being constructed. At
present there is an army of nearly 10000 men
engaged in the gigantic undertaking OF build
ing this great water highway from ocean to
ocean.
The first party of Americans went to Pana-
in 1904 to begin work, but they found the
country infested with diseases of the most
fatal kinds, and the year 1904 was practically
spent in improving health conditions This
work has been under the supervision of Col.
W. C. Gorgas. and effective have been the
methods pursued by him and his able assist
ants in the Canal Zone of the Isthmus OF
Panama that the health conditions of that
tropical country are about good today as
those Of the southern states of America.
Contrary to the general belief. the United
States is not digging big ditch" across the
Isthmus Of Panama. When the canal is fin
ished and ships are steaming across Panama
from the Atlantic to the Pacific, or vice versa,
the waters OF the two oceans will still be at
least forty miles apart. They will never meet
at all. sea-level canal, which would have
allowed the waters of the Atlantic and the
Pacific to come together, is not being dug; but
an 85-foot lock canal is being constructed. As
to the relative merits of the sea-level and the
lock canal 1t is not within the province of this
article to discuss.
The Elbert County tribune., 1911-02-24
0T ENC4NZC2HY ron CZHEBR4 cW7

a matter that has engaged the attention of the
civilized world for nearly five hundred years
Many unsuccessful attempts have been made
to accomplish the object in the past, and 1t
is good to realize that the dreams and designs
of the Spanish adventures of the fifteenth
century are about to be brought to pass by
American engineers of the twentieth century.
Spain Portugal. England and France have
each in turn made a failure in their attempts
to pierce the Isthmus with canal.
Columbus was the first to propose water
highway from Europe to Asia. westward by
way of the Atlantic. 1t was such highway
he sought, and not the new world. which he
really found. He landed on the Isthmus Of
Panama, near the present site of Colon, in the
year 1902. but it a Spanish engineer
named Saavedra, one of Balboa's followers,
who first advocated the construction of
canal across Panama. This was in 1917, and
after studying the question for dozen years,
he submitted his plans to Charles ". king of
Spain. Surveys of the isthmus made,
but the work of cutting a canal was reported
to be impracticable. After the death of
Charles v. his successor, Philip H., in 1857.
sent engineer to survey the Nicaraguan
route, who likewise made adverse report
The question was then abandoned for 200
years, after which time It again opened.
and has been before the public ever since.
In the year 1880 the French people. headed
by Count Ferdinand de Lesseps, who had
gained both fame and fortune by the success
full completion of the Suez canal took up the
matter of constructing the Panama canal. and
went vigorously to work to connect the two
The great engineer thought he had
really an easier undertaking before him than
he had recently been successful in accom-
plishing-that is, the cutting Of the Suez ca
nal-but he vastly mistaken. AS work
progressed on the canal with seeming sue
cess glowing reports waited back to
France of what was being done, and the fame
of de Lesseps rose to the point of hero wor-
ship. In 1884 he was elected to the French
academy. and was saluted by Gambetta
"the Grand Old Frenchman." In 1885 he was
seated among the Immortals-victor Hugo.
the great French novelist being his sponsor.
and Renan. that other brilliant French writer.
delivered the valedictory.
But the dark clouds were gathering behind
all this fantastic show. and In few more
years the crisis came. The expenditure OF
money that had been contributed mostly by
the poorer people of France was something
awful-the amount being placed as high as
$500, ,000. 900 In eight years; and then the crash
came. burying beneath the wreck the hopes
The Elbert County tribune., 1911-02-24

sist OF two leaves and massive steel struc-
lures feet thick. 65 feet long and from AZ
to SO feet high. Eghty-four leaves will be
required for the entire canal, and their total
weight VIII be s6,009.00o pounds, and will cost
nearly s6OOO0O0.
When the canal is compieted-which Colonel
George w. Goethals. who is In charge of the
great work. says viii be some time during the
year 1913-here is the manner in which YES
Sc; from the Atlantic side will get to the Pacific
1t will enter the sealevel channel at Colon and
go distance of seven miles to the foot of Ca
tun locks there It win be lifted by means of
these locks height of 85 feet above the sea
level to the surface of Gatun lake. the gates
OF the lock will be opened and 1t will steam
out on this lake and go distance OF % miles
to the beginning of the great Culebra cut and
carefully proceeding through this cut dis
tance Of nine miles. It will check up at Pedro
Miguel locks. where It will enter the lock and
be lowered distance of 2S 1-3 feet to the level
Of Miraflores lake, and then 1t will steam a
distance of three miles across this lake to
Mirafores locks, where it will be lowered by
two flights distance OF Sc 2-3 feet to sea
level; and then it will enter the Pacific chan
mel of the canal and go a distance OF eight
miles out to deep water of the ocean. 1t will
require from ten to twelve hours for a vessel
to make the passage from ocean to the
other-thus saving many thousands of miles
of travel. and many days of time in a journey
the Americas and also to the Orient.
Colonel Goethals states most positively
that the cost OF the canal will not be over
$375,000,0 600; and in this amount is included
the purchase of the French company's be-
longings-$40, 600 000-and the $10,O000O0 paid
for the Canal Zone. and also the cost Of the
sanitary department. which OF course has been
a considerable amount
In order to get idea OF what the
cost of the canal means-s375 900 OOO--and put
II SO the mind can in some measure grasp the
figures. we make the following statement:
There are in the world nine principal canals
to wit; The Suez, the Kiel, the Manchester
the United States Ste. Marie, the Canadian
Ste. Marie, the Amsterdam Corinth. Crop-
stadt and the Erie-Ontario canal The total
cost OF all nine OF these canals was 1894 0OO-
00G, which is less by $111 100000 than the
Panama canal alone will cost at the lowest
estimate. But even II this amount is doubled
the United States will complete It. The pride
and reputation OF the nation are at stake. and
she cannot afford to make failure as ali the
other countries have done that have gone be-
fore.
The Elbert County tribune., 1911-02-24
New York Metals.

New York.-Standard copper quiet;
srot, February, March. April and May.
s12.10@12.20. Lake copper s12.62hW
12.s71s; electrolytic. s12.s7z@12.621k;
casting, s12.00Q12.25.
Tin-Unsettled: spot and February,
$t400@45. March. s41.s5@42.25;
April. s41.50q42.25; May, s4O.25@
4i50.
Iron-Locally iron was steady. No.
foundry northern, $15.50G 1925; No.
2. s15.25@16.00; No. l foundry South
ern and No. foundry Southern soft.
s15.25Q 1915.
The Elbert County tribune., 1911-02-24
Live stock.

Kansas City. - Cattle = Market
steady. Native steers, s5.40@6.70;
southern steers, $5.00@6.0O; southern
COWS and heifers. s3.2595.OO; native
cows and heifers, s3.0O@6.00; stockers
and feeders, s4.50Q $50; bulls. s4.25@
SIS; calves, s450QS.25; western
steers, s5.2596.25; western cows.
ss.25@5,00.
Hogs--Market strong. SC higher.
Bulk of sales. s7.200740; heavy.
S7.15@7.30: packers and butchers,
s7.20@740; lights. s7S0A7.45.
Sheep-Market strong to 10c high.
eT.
The Elbert County tribune., 1911-02-24

And the question to him in
doubled force he remembers that the spot
on which all this great work is in progress
was only recently regarded the death-hole
OF the world-but now, when he beholds a
land freed from the fearful ravages of the dis
eases that had for centuries taken their toll
OF human life by the tens OF thousands he is
constrained to ask again: What has wrought
this wonderful change?
And the answer comes back to him from
far down the rugged road that is filled with
the fumes Of the midnight oil that has been
burned by students and men OF science of
past and present times: O. fellow-toiler over
and above and around and directing this
great enterprise, upon which the eyes of the
world are centered today, is the irresistible
power of well-trained cultured intellect.
1t is remarkable the number of people one
finds who are of the opinion that the idea CT
a canal across the Isthmus of Panama is some
thing of recent origin. when the fact Is. 1t is
The Elbert County tribune., 1911-02-24
I CDZEoRA czIT = .1A0NzDc ooLD lGzL

have covered the sides of the excavation with
solid gold The cut through these mountains
is known as Cuebra cut. and Is nine miles in
d iength--through solid rock The cut begins
at bas Obispo and ends at Pedro Miguel locks.
The question is often asked. What be-
comes OF the vast quantities OF dirt rock,
etc. that are taken from the canal? 1t Is
loaded on trains by means OF the steam shov-
Gatun dam, portion is taken to the Atlantic
and portion to the Pacific oceans and placed
on the great breakwaters that are building
there, and yet other trains are busly engaged
In hauling the excavations to the railroad
tracks that will skirt the northern edge OF the
canal. and which will have a solid rock bed
the entire distance. They find use for every
particle OF II. Getting rid OF these excavations
has caused the Canal Zone to become the
busiest railroad center In the world. 1t Is
said that 900 trains pass a given point near
the town of Culebra in n day hauling out the
rock from the cut.
The United States is constructing a lock
canal, as before stated These locks are in
pairs, each having width of lie fest and
length of 1000 feet Each lock consists of a
chamber, with walls of concrete, and with
watertight gates at the ends. The level of
water is to be regulated through openings in
the bottom by the operation OF valves in the
side and center walls. which will permit the
water to flow into and out OF the locks by
eight minutes to fill one of them. The locks
are the largest that have been designed
in the history of the word. The gates
The Elbert County tribune., 1911-02-24
Sheep.

Ewes .............3.2 .3.25m3.s0
Wethers ......3.S .3.S5m4.35
Yearlings Qight) .4.50Gf4.75
Lambs :. ............5 .5.0OD5.65
Feeder lambs. T. D.. r. $500. .4.506l5.6O
Feeder yearllngs. {. p. T. ...4.2bm4 4.50
Feeder ewes, +. D. r. .. .2.50d325
The Elbert County tribune., 1911-02-24
Hogs.

Good hogs ...4.......... .7.Ooe1i5
The Elbert County tribune., 1911-02-24
Eggs.
MISCELLANEOUS MARKETS.
Cotton.

New Orleans. - Cotton mlddling
14kc.
Galveston.-cotton steady. 14ssc.
The Elbert County tribune., 1911-02-24
Game.
Butter.

Elgin ..............- 26h
Creamerles, ex. East, lb. ..27 @2s
Creameries. ex. Colo. lb. ..27 @2S
Creameries. I'd grade. lb. - 81
Process and renovated -. 81
Packing stock -. ..... 14k
The Elbert County tribune., 1911-02-24
HZANc< q" mr. AFnF5 az mr. cEFGN<5 RIz7

HEN one looks upon the gigantic
work that is in progress on the
Isthmrs of Panama and behoids
the hills and the mountains CIV
ing way before the onward
march Of modern machinery
sees steam. electricity. air and
water all harnessed and made to
do the bidding of man, he can
but stand In awe and ask the
question: What is the propel-
ling power back Of this great
undertaking?
The Elbert County tribune., 1911-02-24
Grain.

Wheat. choice milling .1.27
Rye, Colorado. bulk ........1.10
Nebraska oats, sacked -. .1.23@1.25
Corn in sacks .96
Corn chop, sacked ..... .97
Bran, Colorado ..............1.1O
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1911-01-19
.EEEEKK]E EEEE{]ElIl!LL!!]ELllN]
E! EZZN]HEElI{]E] EEEEB1EELEE]
BELT LACINGs.
bNHI IAOINOo'
GFrom the Kansas Farmer. ]


these drawings are made to show the
ends of the belt coming together where
the line runs through the middle of
each. A choice may be made of the
method preferred and the holes punch
ed accordingly. Either of these meth
DDS may be used on belts not wider
than sixteen inches. Where belts are
wider than this the lap splice would
be better. All belts should be cut a
little shorter than the distance around
the pulleys, say one-third to one-quar-
ter inch for each foot in length. Punch
the holes SO that their diameter will
be about three-quarters that Of the
width of the thong. Begin lacing in
the center and work toward one ledge
of the belt. then back through the CEN
ter to the other edge and return to
the center with both ends of the thong
through the same hole. but from oppo-
site directions. Then punch an awl
hole about an inch distant and tuck
both ends of the thong through this
and cut them off so that the ends will
be only about One-half inch long.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1911-01-19
Didn't Like Publicity.

In st. Louis +he street numbers run
100 to the block, but the north
and south streets have names in
stead of numbers. So when a street
car is running east and west and
crosses the north and south streets the
conductor says, Jefferson-Twenty-
six" or "Grand-Thirty-six as the
case may be.
A birthday party was riding on one
of these cars a short time ago. When
the car reached Sarah street and the
conductor announced, "Sarah-Forty-
one" a large woman in the party be-
gan beating a small man on the head
with an umbrella.
After the conductor had quieted the
disturbance he asked the woman what
the row was about
why" she said Indignantly, "just
because l had my forty first birthday
party today in a nice, quiet, lady-like
way there was no need of him telling
you how old / am, so you could bawl
it out to the whole car."-Saturday
Evening Post.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1911-01-19
The DISPATCHER
AT ERIE.
He Had the Markings of a Hero
In Him.
By HADLEY r. FREEMAN.

Copyright 1870 by American Press Asso-
ciation.l
"Sarah, have finished Harvard, and
my father will obtain for me the Sec
ond vice presidency Of the Great Cen
trail lines. You know / love you and
you only. Will you marry me?''
Henry" she said, '1et us not dis
cuss it here. Come with me into the
conservatory" Once seated there.
Henry, impetuous and quick tempered.
burst out: Sarah. you would not re-
fuse me? Have you deceived me? Do
you love a.lother? Would YOU
Henry she interrupted. "be quiet.
love no one but yon, but l will never
marry a man who has not proved his
ability"
''But do not need''-
"Do not need. True, not now, but if
a crash should come or your father
should die what would you do? What
could you do? What work have you
ever done? Do something to prove
your ability"
Sarah, you are right. l have never
done anything. l have been quite use
less, but will show my WORTH
The effect on Henry was remark
able. The next day bright and early
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1911-01-19

It is beginning to be realiz d that
we are building the Panama Canal
for Germany, Great Britain. Japan
and other nations that carry freight
by sea. 1t is evident that the trad
ing ships OF other nations will use
the waterway to much greater ex-
tent taau will the people of this
country. How can it be otherwise?
Our ships, owing to the tariff and
the high price of labor, cost 30
per cent more than the ships of any
other country. Our sailors cost
twice as much as those Of any
European country and five times as
mnch as the wonderfully seasoned
and competent sailors of Japan and
China. We ceased suddenly to be a
maritime try until we can COM
pete on financial basis in ships
ard men with European and Aslatic
peoples.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1911-01-19
LEGAL
N O 7 ICE S
dec. l to Dec. 15)

Notice to creditors of Deceased
State of Wisconsin, County Court of Bayfield,
County.
In the matter of the will of
In Probate
Augusta Alfvegren, deceased
Notice is hereby given that from the date
hereof until six months have expired is the
time within which all creditors of Augusta
Alfvegren. deceased. late of the town of Ma
son, in said County. shall present their claims
and demands to said court for examamina-
ton and allowance.
That all the claims for necessary funeral
expenses, for the expenses OF the last sick
ness of the deceased and for debts having a
preference under the laws of the United
States, which are presented within sixty days
hereafter will be examined and adjusted by
said court at it's court rooms in the court
house in the City of Washburn. in said coun-
ty. at a general term thereof. to be held on
the lst Tuesday of May, 1911.
Also that all claims and demands against
the deceased will be examined and adjusted
by said court at it's county court rooms in the
court house. in the City of Washburn in said
county. at the term thereof to be held on the
first Tuesday of June, 1911, Dated this 10Th
of November, f9l0.
By the Court.
VIM. H. Irish,
County Judge.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1911-01-19

City Officers.

Mayor GustavA uerino
Clerk Hart p Axe,bero
treasurer Nels Lee
Assessor Nels Westerlund
Chief of Police Rovd Cameron
Aldermen:--D. w. Corning John OSulliyan,
list Ward; Olaf M. Olson, f. A. Bell end
ward; Andrew Nelson Hans Ambly ara
ward; Chas Taberman, Andrew Peterson. 4th
ward; d. j. Estabrook, Barker THOMPSON,
5th ward; VIM Potvin, Angus Ross 9Th ward.
Supervisors-John Walsh, T. H. Robinson,
George Mertz, Ole Aune, Andrew I. Lien,
Ole Ramstead
Standing Committees
OF the Common Council appointed April 18th.
Judiciary, Rules and Ordinances-Fredericb
A. Bell, Angus Ross, Barker Thompson.
Finance and Claims-D. W. Corning, Andrew
Nelson, Frederick A. Bell
Licenses and Assessments John O'Sulliyan,
Andrew Nelson, Barker Thompson.
Stationary and Printing!. j. Estabrook.
Chas Taberman, Andrew Peterson
Education and Public Buildings-Hans Am
bly,, d. w. Corning, d. J. Estabrook
Charities and Cemetary GroundsEAngus
n0ooo w HIdH otVll, u H. EStd brook.
Sanitary Affairs and Sewerage-Barker
Thompson, Angus Ross, William Potvin
Public Property and Public Grounds-Wm.
Potvin, D. w. Corning, Hans Amply
Sidewalks, Grading and Paving Streets-Olaf
M Olson, Andrew Nelson, John OSullivan
Repair of Streets and Bridges-Andrew Mel.
son, John O'Sullivan, Olaf M Olson
Ere and Water Works-Chas. Taberman, ID.
j. Estabrook, Barker Thompson
Lighting Streets and Public Buildings-John
O'Sullivan, Frederick A. Bell Andrew Nelson