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The commonwealth. (Scotland Neck, N.C.) 1896-1929, 1911-11-09

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The commonwealth. (Scotland Neck, N.C.) 1896-1929, 1911-11-09
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The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-15

ment on Ea.. Run tnan on any other
battle Of modern times. On the south
ern side both Johnston and Beaure-
gard claimed to have been in chief
command Historians have general
ly ascribed the role to Beauregard,
doubtless for the reason that he had
been in charge up to the time Of John
stons arrival. Yet there Is no doubt
that Johnston outranked Beauregard
and that it was his troops who won
the battle. The later history Of the
war also made Johnston appear the
ADLER general. Beauregard claimed to
have planned the battle, but Johnston
fatty contradicted this and asserted
that he rejected the first plan offered
by Beauregard and that the fight was
actually shaped by himself for the
south and Mcdowell for the north.
The chief controversy among the
Confederates, however, ragged over the
failure to follow up the victory. Nc
Clellan and other Union authorities
have freely admitted that If vigorous
pursuit had been made of McDowells
fleeing army Washington could have
been taken. AS the weeks passed by
and no move was made the southern
papers became FESTIVE and were free
in their criticisms of both Johnston
and Beauregard and even attacked
President Davis. Beauregard has said
that he had plan to cross the Poto-
mac above Washington and strike the
capital by flank movement John
ston boldly assumed responsibility for
advising against pursuit of Mellow
ell, and years later publicly gave his
military reasons for believing such
movement would have resulted In de-
feat. Both generals agreed in ascrib-
ing at least a part Of the blame to
President Davis. In the first place
Inc southern army was poorly prov1-
stoned and was in NO condition to
make forward movement. For an
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-15

Iork. or even IN New Hampshire or
Maine. There was really nothing to
prevent small cavalry force from
riding into the city A determined at
tack would doubtless have carried Ar
iington heights and placed the city
at the mercy of a battery of rifed
guns. If the secessionfsts attached
any value to the possession of Wash
ngton they committed their greatest
bfunder in not following up the victory
Of Bull Run
he goes ON to say that conditions
across the river were but little better.
The first task undertaken BY the new
commander was that of keenjnp tho
soldiers out Of the streets and hotels
OF Washington, which he did by pre-
venting them from leaving camp with
out permit. The next thing was to
restore the morale of the army. which
was done by increasing discipline, by
keeping the regiments most shaken
and dfsorganized In Washington and
sending the others across the river:
also by the general going among his
men frequently, reviewing them, as
surfing them that they had met their
last defeat and by like methods. One
OF the earliest duties undertaken by
Mcclellan was that of wedding out
incompetent officers. such as had been
appointed through political pull. This
he did so thoroughly as to raise yells
among some Of those displaced. but to
elicit approval from the general pub
lic Another work done by the new
head OF the Army Of the Potomac was
the fortifcation Of Washington, and
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-15
NEW COLLEGE PLANNED.
Southern Bureau of Education Will
Erect Great institution

Erect ITSdI f0SIiIutiofls
The southern bureau Of education.
with headquarters at Chattanooga,
Tenn. is considering propositions for
a site for great agricultural and in
dustrial institute. Heretofore this bu-
reau has helped worthy institutions al
ready established. but now the inten-
ton is to erect an institution for the
benefit of mountain whites of both
sexes
Definite action on the proposition is
to be taken at meeting to be held
at Nashville on Aug. 20.
The institution which the bureau
will build will give boys and girls an
education equal to a high school cur
ricu,um less the languages Also each
pupil must study some branch Of In
dustry. such as agriculture. carpenter
ing and joining. blacksmithing. tin
smithing. bricklaying, wagon making,
machinery. foundry work Of all kinds,
confectionery and all the Industrial
arts. together with dressmaking. MILL
merry, domestic science and practical
housekeeping. Commercial business
training will also be a part of the in
structiOn.
1t has been stipulated that the com
munity securing the location of the In
stitution must donate 5000 acres Of
land, part of which will be devoted to
demonstrative farming and the re
maiuder timbered in order to furnish
material for perpetual manufacturing
uses.
Bishop Thomas C. Carter of Chatta'
nooga is president Of the bureau.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-15
BY JAMES A. EDGERTON.
Copyright by American Press Associa-
ton, 1911

Copyright by American Press ASsocia-
ton, 1911.
TAHE first stage Of the civil war
81 ended with the battle Of Bull
Run. Dating from that event
the struggle took on a new
character. The north suddenly awak
ened to the gravity Of the situation.
Its false optimism was shattered and
henceforth grim determination became
faction and despair had time to wear
off the free states rallied again, but
this time their eyes were fully opened
to the peril Recruiting began once
more with redoubled energy, but now
the soldiers realized as never before
that he who enlisted might never re-
turn. 1t was life and death conflict
whose duration or outcome no man
could foresee. At last the farmer, Ia
borer and business man of the north
knew that the nation was in deadly
peril. Yet they were more eager than
before to offer themselves for its de
Tense. This feeling was shared by all
classes. Bull Run was as much Of
tonic to the north as Sumter, bat now
there was iron in the dose After the
terrible Sunday of July II anything
was possible. Washington might be
taken at any moment. Congress was
still in session and authorized the
raising of an army Of half a million
men. The north arose to meet the call
The panic following the first great bat
tie lasted only few days, but the eff
fects of Bull Run were felt to the end
of the war.
If the north was depressed the south
was correspondence elated. Bull Run
united her. Henceforth little was
heard Of the Union men In the seced-
ed states. In the minds of the masses
this settled the war. Within a week
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-15
Shifting the Burden.

II note that you employ great
many quotations from the poets in
your speeches."
Eyes," replied the orator. Just now
in my district it is desirable to say as
little as possible for which you can be
held personally responsible. Wash
inQton Star.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-15
Early Career Of Mcclellan,

George Brinton Mcclellan was born
in Philadelphia in 1926 He was edu-
Gated in the public schools Of that
city and in the preparatory school of
the University of Pennsylvania. In
1912 he entered the Military academy
at West Point and four years later
was graduated, being assigned to the
corps Of engineers A few months
later he went to Mexico and during
the war with that country was pro-
NOTED to first lieutenant and captain.
At the close Of that war he was in
command of the company Of engineers
with which be had been serving,
This he brought back to West Point,
where he acted as assistant instructor
In engineering until 1851. He then
superintendent the construction of
Fort Delaware, after which he accom-
panied the Red river exploring expedi-
ton. The next two years he spent in
Washington and Oregon. exploring
route for the Pacific railroad.
In 1855 Captain Mcclellan was sent
abroad as one of commission of
I'LL W ~ SId0S ShC AlhACdAy VI
Europe. Much Of the time was spent
in the Crimea, where war was then in
progress. Other countries were also
visited. McClellan's report was much
praised at the time. Jefferson Davis
was the secretary of war who sent the
commission abroad, yet It was during
this trip that George B. Mcclellan
gained many Of the ideas which en-
abled him TO fortify Washington and
organize the Army of the Potomac
against the Davis government.
On his return to America Mcclellan
was made. captain of a cavalry COM
pany. but In 1857 he resigned to be-
come vice president of the Illinois
Central railroad He was next made
president of the eastern division of
the Ohio and Mississippi railroad,
which position he held at the out
break Of the war. In 1850 he married
a daughter of General Marcy. 1t was
to her that many Of the letters con-
tanned in his "Own Story" were adj
dressed.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-15

Photo by American Press Association.
HENRY HOUSE, STORM CENTER AT BULL
RUN, AS IT APPEARS TO-DAY.
ed Washington. The next day he rode
about the city. / give his impressions
in his own words:
Il found no preparations whatever
for defense, not even to the extent Of
putting the troops In military positions.
Not regiment was properly encamp-
ed, not single avenue Of approach
guarded. All was chaos, and the
streets, hotels and barrooms were filed
with drunken officers and men absent
from their regiments without leave-a
perfect pandemonium. Many had even
gone to their homes, their fight from
Bull Eur often terminating In Now
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-15
A Better WAY.

IT never throw away old junk, for
that would make me feel wasteful."
what do you do with it?'
II give 1t away and feel charitable"
Washington Herald.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-15

most as. fierce: AT the. time II was
claimed that General Scott had not ia
vored McDoweIl's movement toward
Manassas and had been driven into a
reluctant assent by the cry of ION to
Richmond" The north agreed on one
thing. however With great unanfmity
and vigor it pitched into General Rob
ert Patterson for his failure to hold
General Johnston in the Shenandoah
valley. Patterson's time expired with
that OF the three months troops. and
he was allowed to lapse back into OBJ
security
Out OF all this muck OF contradictions
the facts Of the Bull Run fight seem
to have been these: That both armies
were raw and unused to fighting. that
the battle was well planned. but poor
~ carried out, and that both armies
were severely hurt, these things ac
counting for the fight Of the northern
forces toward Washington and the In
disposition of the southerners to fol
low. General Sherman said later that
both armies were fairly defeated in the
fight, and General Johnston has said
that the southerners were worse dis
organized by their victory than were
the northerners by their defeat.
One important result Of the battle
was the shifting Of northern generals.
Mcclellan, fresh from his victories in
western Virginia. was given a new de-
partment, being placed over both Nc
Dowell and Mansfield. General Banks
was sent to relieve Patterson, and Gen
eral John A. Dix took the place of
Banks at Baltimore
Mcclellan arrived In Washington on
July &C. With his advent and with
that Of the magnificent army he drilled
and organized began the second phase
Of the war Whatever may be the diff
ferences of opinion as to Mcclellan,
the soldier, there are none as to Nc
Clellan, the drillmaster. 1t is with his
creation OF the army Of the Potomac
that the remainder Of 1851 Is chiefly
concerned There were to be only
few more battles of importance, both
sides having been content to spend the
fall and winter in preparation before
the general fighting of 1862.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-15
PAVING His LAWYER.

Lawyer (annoyed)-Better take your
case somewhere else. You are too
thin skinned for me. Client-Hardly
pay to skin me. eh?-Boston Tran
script.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-15
The SCENIC CITY
Erzae-ss
MEAT MARKET
! Is Still Your Friend

For anything in the line of First
Class Meats of all kinds.
We will put on sale the best
smoked. ham at Is and Zoe
Picnic hams 1910
Home cured bacon 16 and 18c
Dried beef Zoe
Boiled hams Soc
Summer sausage Is and 23c
Home made sausages a spec
ialty; made of strictly clean and
cured meats.
Minced ham 1910
Bologna, three rings for Csc
Liver Sausage, 4 rings for Csc
Weiners 1910
Hamburger 1Oc
Pork sausage 1Oc
Little Broak flledlpork
SauSageS 1212c
We also have the most COM
plete line of fresh Beef, Pork,
Veal and Mutton in the city.
BECAUSE the stock is
selected at the Banker & Dennis
toun stock yards and we kill
nothing but the best the country
can afford.
Beef roasts 1Oc
SteWs and Sc
Steaks 10, II and 15c
Pork roasts and chops 12Hc
Veal 8. 10 and 12Ic
Mutton 10, IL and 15c
A trial order at the Scenic City
Meat Market will convince you
and show you that high living
must go over the hill. We are
yours for business.
Meat orders in the city deliv-
cred. Phone No. 81.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-15

this was carried out In q manner so
complete that the capital was never
again seriously threatened.
At about this time the terms Of the
three months men were expiring.
Many of these re-enlisted, becoming
officers In new regiments. The dis
banding of these first troops naturally
created a temporary weakness in the
northern army. which was the more in
evidence because 1t occurred so soon
after Bull Run, when the army was
demoralized from its first great defeat.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-15

the national capital would be taken
and Jefferson Davis would occupy the
White House. The cry of ION to Rich
mondr' was stilled for the moment,
and now it was "On to Washington"
The Confederate congress had met at
the Virginia capital on July 20 and
shared in the general JOY.
Bull Run Disputes
There kAA.~--A-7ore irrelaUant ccza-
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-15

oruer tnTg, laws refused to c0ncen-
trate great force at Manassas, such
as was demanded by both Johnston
and Beauregard. Thus the opportu-
nifty slipped away and much Of the
advantage OF the Bull Run victory was
lost to the Confederacy.
General Patterson Criticised
In the north TIE controversy ma. al
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-15

THE LOST
MANASSAS IN 1872 AFTER BATTLE OF BULL RUN
THEY FORTIFIED AGAINST INSTEAD
SWEEPING ON TO WASHINGTON, MILITARY WRITER'S
COULD
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-01

provisions thrown aside on the way.
The race northward began on the
18th, the southern troops having
about twelve hours the start Both
armies rested that night. and the next
day the Federals came up with Gar
nett at a ford of a branch of the
Cheat river. The pursuit was contin-
ued until the next ford tCarrick's) was
reached, running fight for four miles
having been kept up along the way
Here the Confederate commander
stopped to give battle. The banks
were steep. and he chose his position
on high ground. An attempt was first
made to flank him. but this was aban-
doned. In the meantime Colonel
Steedman's Ohio regiment had given
battle, in which other northern regi-
ments soon joined.
The Indiana troops were ordered to
charge the foe in front, and as the
Hoosiers swarned up the banks the
Confederates fed. Not only were they
outnumbered, but their ammunition
was almost exhausted. Garrett fell
while trying to reform his men, The
Union men lost two killed and ten
wounded, the Confederates thirty kill
ed and many scores wounded and
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-01

up the sides OF a mountain that was
almost inaccessible. To add to the
other obstacles. rain was falling.
By B o'clock In the afternoon Rose
Grams forces had marched about eight
miles and were on the top of Rich
mountain, one mile from Pegram's
camp. Suddenly without warning
they were fired on by a masked bat
terry. The Union commander supposed
bis expedition had been kept secret
from the enemy. but 1t appears that
q messenger sent after him by Mc-
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-01

was in detile with PERCEPTIONS hills
guarding each flank Before proceed
ing 1t was necessary for the Union
commander to dislodre him. as Pc
gram held the key to be enemys DO
sition. This task was delegated to
Colonel ". 5. Rosecrans.
About 3 O'Clock ON the morning Of
July IL Rosecrans. with four regi-
ments and a troop OF cavalry. began
a march up Rich mountain. The way
was most difficult. as it lay through a
primeval wilderness covered by TIM
Der. underbrush and fallen logs and
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-01

ginia, but his actual achievement still
remains. 1t was stated, for example,
that the success Of the campaign was
due to his subordinate commanders.
Rosecrans, Morris and others. This is
frequently true of any commanding
general, as subordinates must do the
actual fighting. but the chief must
take the responsibility for approving
and executing plans and therefore Is
entitled to the lions share of the glory
After all Is said that honestly can
be said to discredit Mcclellan it still
must be admitted that his conduct of
affairs in western Virginia was admi-
rable. Perhaps his dispatches were
trif1e boastful. but he was not the only
young general guilty Of that fault
With his after career this appreciation
has nothing to do 1t relates alone to
his performances In western Virginia.
That the above estimate was the uni
versal one made at the time, from the
president down. is evidenced by the
fact that this single campaign soon
after made Mcclellan commander of
the Army Of the Potomac and within
few months general in chief of all
the Union armies.
Two things that helped General &c
IAN u western y!::s:.cie were The
strong Union sentiment of the native
population and the numerical superb
ority Of his army over that of the
Confederates. At the time 1t was
hoped that his success would end fight
ing In that end Of the state. This
proved delusive, but nevertheless the
political and other effects flowing from
his victories were important.
Battle Of Rich Mountain.
On July 10 Mcclellan came In sight
OF the enemy. To understand the po-
sition Of the two armies reference
should be made to the accompanying
map. Garnet with the main body of
the Confederates was at Laurel, Colo
mel Pegram with about 1900 south
ern troops was guarding the pass In
Rich mountain. and Mcclellan with
his entire force was at Roaring run,
west of this gap.
Pegram believed his position could
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-01

In the meantime Pegram wandered
about vainly and on the 18th offered
to surrender his entire command. The
tender was accepted the next day.
There were only about 600 men left,
the remainder having escaped from
the valley as best they could.
Fight at Carrick's Ford.
General Morris and Captain 81. W.
Benham were sent In pursuit Of Gar
nett 1t was easy to trace the fleeing
Confederates By the knapsacks end
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-01

BRIGADIERGENERALR ROBERT SELDEN GAR
NETT, O. g. A. KILLED JULY ID, 1861
prisoners. The Federals also captured
cannon. wagons and large store of
provisions.
Mcclellan Wires News of Success.
After the battle of Carrick's Ford
Mcclellan sent the following telegram
to Washington, summing up the re-
suits of the campaign:
Huttonsvile Va, July IA, 1861
Colonel Townsend:
Garrett and forces routed; his baggage
and one gun taken: his army demoralized;
Garnett killed We have annihilated the
enemy in western Virginia and have lost
thirteen killed and not more than forty
wounded. We have in all killed at least
200 Of the enemy. and their prisoners will
amount to at least 1000 Have taken sew
en- guns in all. . The troops defeated
are the crack regiments of eastern Vir-
ginia, aided by Georgians, Tennesseeans
and Carolnians. Our success Is complete
and secession is killed in this country
GEORGE B. MCCLELLAN,
Major General Commanding
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-01
By JAMES A. EDGERTON.
copyright by American Press Associa-
ton, 1871

copyright by American Press Associa-
ton. 1911.
TAHE middle of July, 1861, saw
the Union armies roughly in
the following positions: Gen
eral Banks was holding down
the lid in Baltimore, which was yet
under martial law; General Butler was
at Fortress Monroe still-very still, as
a certain famous Democrat said OF
himself some decades later; General
Mcdowell was just getting ready to
move against Beauregard at Manassas.
The date for this advance was set
originally for July =, but was delayed
awaiting additional troops and sup
plies from Washington. General Pat
terson was at Martinsburg. trying to
make up his mind whether or not to
attack Johnston. 1t may be remarked
In passing that he never did make up
Johnston had escaped to Manassas to
help Beauregard whip Mcdowell.
General Mcclellan was resting on his
laurels in the region of Beverly, hav-
ing beaten Garnett's army killed q
large number Of his troops, captured
several hundred more and driven the
remainder out Of western Virginia
General Lyon was approaching Spring
field, Mo-, after a march from Boon
vile.
McClellan's campaign in western vir-
ginta was. OF course the chief feature
Of the week. Aside from this there
were unimportant skirmishes at Mar.
tinsburg. Newport News and Bunker
Hill. Va, and Monroe, Mo. Congress
during the week voted on war appro-
priations and army bills and expelled
a number Of disunion senators. In the
house Clement L. Vallandigham of
Ohio began his violent opposition to
the war.
McClellan's Brilliant Campaign.
This campaign Of Mcclellan was
one Of the most brilliant in the early
part OF the war. In the subsequent
controversies over his conduct about
Washington much was said to dispar-
are his personal. credit inweste=. yir-
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-01

9OLONEL JOHN PEGRAM, G. s. A., DEFEATED
AT RICH MOUNTAIN BY COLONEL W. s.
RosECRANs, JULY II, 1861; ROSE TO RANK
OF MAJOR GENERAL, MADE NOTABLE
RECORD AND WAS KILLED AT HATCHER'S
RUN, FEB. 6, 1865.
exposed by Pegram's defeat and with
drawal. Garnett In turn fed before
Pegram could reach him.
At first General Garnet tried to re-
turn to Beverly and escape to the
south, but Mcclellan was too swift for
him and occupied Beverly first Then
the Confederate commander turned
north and risked the hazardous chance
of eluding pursuit and getting through
the mountains by. way of st. George.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-08-01
Mcclellan Faces Pegrarn.

While this engagement was being
fought on top of Rich mountain Gen
eral Mcclellan had brought up his en-
tire forces facing Pegram. ready to
give battle the next morning. Threat
ened thus from two sides, with more
than half bis army lost or scattered.
the Confederate commander broke
camp during the night and tried to re-
join Garrett. With his own rear thus