davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Red Cloud chief., 1911-08-10
Annie I. Richards

Miss Annie l.. Richards, who has
announced herself as candidate for
County nHnip tendent on the Repub.
lican I'd deserving your support
tor that D be. She is exceptionally
we'll eQ having had experience
In slls bf school work-rural,
grade NaAFhigh. schools. She is q
graduate of our state university and
The Red Cloud chief., 1911-08-10

holds Q life professional certificate and
hes established for herself record Of
successful teaching during her nine
years Of experience. She respectfully
solicits your support at the primary
next ! uesday..
The Red Cloud chief., 1911-08-10

do so faithfully and to the best Of my
ability.
Z. I thersfore respectfully and ear.
nestly ask your support at the pri.
mary. and at the polls II nominated.
Yours truly,
WILLIAM r. BAILEY.
The Red Cloud chief., 1911-08-10

The finest line and best assortment
Of Harness ever carried before. Call
and look IL over.--MORHART Bros.
The Red Cloud chief., 1911-08-10

Remember the Band Concert every
Thursday evening.
The Red Cloud chief., 1911-08-10
FOR DISTRICT JUDGE

! am candidate for District Judge as n
Republican, at nominating primary August
TO- 1911. W. p. MCCREARY.
The Red Cloud chief., 1911-08-10
(poLITCAL ADVERTISEMENT
To the Democratic and Peoples Independent Parties Of
Webster County, Nebraska:

the undersigned residents the north Of Webster County, N
the believing that to be
n ticket be
defeat the polls II
believing that terms
and believing that two terms OF office
ask and believing that this section OF the county
all members
Peoples Independent parties vote for A. d. RNNEr OF
Judge We have known d. RANNEY
that qualified fill the
believe that nominated he will not only be
strength for the balance Of ticket
OF sentiment In this
all candidates
oity d
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1911-05-11
SWAT THE FLY.

This is the season of the year when
it pays to think about the fly. Ii will
save much trouble later for every
fly that is swatted now will save
chasing several thousand flies before
the end of the season. Flies multiply
rapidly. No one will question the
good that will come from getting rid
of the flies, for they are recognized as
great disease spreaders. And it can
be done. 1t has been done in France.
The common house fly is hardly
known there now. So let nothing
stand between you and the fly. Con-
slider your duty to the cause of pure
food and healthy children, and join the
swat the fly campaign.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1911-05-11
cratic California Rivers.

The unfortunate situation of settlers
in the valleys of San Gabriel and Santa
Ana rivers i'm southern California calls
attention to the danger threatening
that region in any season of unusual
rainfall. The beds of these rivers are
as dry as bone during the greater
part of the year. the water being di.
verted for the purpose of irrigation.
but in time of flood they often become
raging torrents. AS the river beds
have mostly been chOked with depos-
tied sand and silt the course that q
food may take is quite uncertain. 1t
is in fact more likely to cut a new
channel through highly improved prop
erty than to stick to the path assigned
it on the map.
In a season of big rainfall in the
early Cos the whole valley between
Anaheim and the present site of Santa
Ana was flooded.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1911-05-11
THAT HiRsUTE DEBATE.

In Columbia it was decided that re
lative value-or dsadvantage-o
whiskers and bald heads was too trivia
thing to discuss in debate. But not
so with our great statesmen in Wash
ington, for Tuesday night the mightiest
of the mighty of our nation wrestled
with that problem.
Mick" Longworth and Colonel
Bob Taylor were the exponents of
hairless pates and former Speaker
Cannon led the champions of whiskers.
The debate lasted hours. The uues.
ton was viewed from every side. The
Inconvenience of whiskers to the salts.
flying of healthy appetite and the
value of bald heads as mirrors were
brought forth by the advocates of bald
heads. The principle of economy
which is the chief subject of all Con-
gressional debate-was emphasized ,by
the friends of whiskers. Three shaves
a week are costly item in Washing
ton.
But where do the citizens of Colum-
bia stand? Do they feel that they
have cast reflections upon the mighty,
or do they feel that the so-called great
are mere children and that they them
selves are dignified and proper old
folks?
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1911-05-11

Mary. All Christian countries observ-
ed the first day of May by dance, song
and floral decorations. In England
many quaint and beautiful traditions
have grown up around this day of
welcome to Spring and the season of
flowers The Maypole dance, with its
vari-colored ribbons and gaily dressed
maidens, and the custom of crowning
the queen of the May. with her attend
ant maids and esquires, were brought
to America from England by our fore
fathers.
The observance of May Day should
be perpetuated. 1t revives each year
one of the beautiful old customs and
innocent pastime OF which We are told
in legend and song. Ii is connecting
link between the traditions and folk
lore of the past and the more matter
Of-fact life of the present. 1t awakens
in all hearts, young and old, the joy
of perennial youth.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1911-05-11
TOLL ROADS IN BOONE.

II would be step toward good roads
in Boone County if the gravel roads
should be taken over by the state or the
county and made free from toll and
yet kept i'm good condition. Entrance
to Columbia by the farmers would then
be free from tax. The Blackfoot, Ash
land and Rocheport roads are incorpo-
rated under the laws of the state the
others are not. There are about seven.
ty-fve miles of gravel roads in the
county. 1t is rather lack of sentiment
for taking them over than lack of
Willingness on the part of those operat-
ing them that prevents their being
made free public roads.
This system of good roads running
into Columbia from every direction
would form a nucleus for a compre-
nenslVe county system. There is an
abundance of gravel and rock in Boone
County, and it is not too much to
hope that in the present movement
toward better roads all over Missouri
Boone County will take first place.
1t certainly has the opportunity.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1911-05-11
MAY DAY,

May Day, the festival of flowers and
dances, is celebrated in this country,
in England. and in many foreign lands.
1t is observed particularly in the col
leges and schools.
This day is of ancient origin. The
oriental Druids were the first to adorn
their houses, gates and churches with
flowers on the eve of May and honor
the day with religious ceremonies.
The Greeks and Romans offered sacri-
fees to Maia. the mother of Mercury,
on the first day of May and from her
the month took its name The floral
features originated in the offering
made to the Roman goddess of flowers.
Flora.
When Christianity succeeded pagan.
ism. May was dedicated to the Virgin
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1911-05-11
Viewpoints.
The Dramatic Club and Credit.

Editor the Missourian: When the
University Orchestra was organized
this year, members were given an
hours credit for the work. All ath-
lctics are given credit of an hour and
the credit is awarded the same as in
classes, the athletes being graded on
the comparative system. In short, all
the students activities that add TO the
honor of the University in any way,
are rewarded with extra credit in re-
turn for the work given faithfully to
them.
There is one exception to this, and
that is dramatic work.
There are two dramatic clubs in
school, that is, two existing with the
support and approval of the Univer
|sity authorities. Both of these recent
ly gave their annual performance and
one of them was forced to give two
extra performances by popular de-
mand. Now, the people who are in
the casts of these plays worked on an
average of ten hours a week from the
first readings of the plays 10 their
final performances. Toward the end
of rehearsals the players were forced
to give almost every moment of their
spare time to these rehearsals in Or
der to insure the success of the plays.
The University Orchestra practiced
once week for never more than two
hours and those who wish to make
credit in their athletic and gym work
must attend practices and drills three
times a week, totalling about six hours.
If a man makes a success of athletics,
he gains certain amount of prestige
and the enrolment in the orchestra is
sufficient evidence of a persons muM-
cal ability. If he wasn't good enough
he could not hold his place.
Dramatic work is supposed to give
actors enough honor on the night of
the performance to recompense for
all their labor. There is a certain
amount of truth in this, if man or
woman acts leading part well, but
there are number OF smaller parts
in every play and they are in the ma
jOrity. There are never more than
five principals and they must be sup
ported and brought into prominence by
the conscientious support of the rest
of the cast. The time given for the
of this is robbed from
the recreation time of the players and,
toward the last of the rehearsals, from
their school time
Any student activity that furthers |
the interest of the University deserves |
some recOmpense at the hands of the |
faculty and the members OF the DRAM |
attic clubs do not receive any more for |
heir efforts. 1t is all very well to |
work on honor and reputation but |
hese things will not enable a student |
20 graduate nor will aid him to make
Phi Beta Kappa
The members of the dramatic clubs
nave worked hard and successfully |
or the interests of the University and |
owe of their work and IT is hardly |
more unjust to give them a certain
AMOUNT of University credit than it is
o award it to those VINO work for
he same interests alinS other lines.
NJ.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1911-05-11
Give the Track Team a Send off.

Editor the Missourian: Saturday.
May -. the Tiger track team will 20
to Lawrence TO battle with the Jay
hawk. There is no need of recount
ing the accomplishments of Missou-
ri's 1911 trackmen. for everybody
knows they have broken record after
record. Now | suggest that a mass
be held before the team
leaves. Why not give them a royal
We have the coach Ga good
one. beyond a doubt. We have the
men, but where is the spirit?
TRACK ENTHUSIAST
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1911-05-11

All who favor strawberries as a sub
stitute for prunes will please hold up
their right hands.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1911-05-11

The headline Spring Opening in
Groceries" did not refer to a patent
The progressive farmer and southern farm gazette., 1911-12-16

When land becomes so high-priced
that poor tenants can not pay the
rent and good tenants can not hope
to buy it, then shall we have devel-
oped tenant system on a long-term
basis.
From these facts there seems no
escape from our constantly shifting
short-term tenants, except through
smaller farms and more working resi-
dent landowners. But as a matter
of fact, the tendency of all countries
is in the other direction, toward few
er landowners who till the soil and
more tenants.
In view of these facts and condi-
tions, there is little good to come
from complaining either Of the ex-
listing conditions or the tenant sys-
tenn these conditions have caused to
be developed. Better conditions are
only likely to come, on the one hand,
through more wise landlords, who
shall be willing to make conditions
liberal for the tenant that will adopt
a system of farming which will i'm
prove the productive capacity of the
SOIL This policy will tend to a long
er tenure of the lease. And, on the
other hand, better-educated tenants
will see the advantages of remaining
on the land long enough to increase
ity fertility. In short, any changes
for the better will come slowly, but
discussion of the subject from all
sides can not fail to develop more
liberal and far-seeing landlords and
class.
The progressive farmer and southern farm gazette., 1911-12-16
A SHORT-STGHTED POLICY.

No system of renting land is ever
likely to prove satisfactory if the
landlord is required to furnish the
renter supplies on which to live, or
even the teams and other equipment
necessary to work the land The aim
of every landlord should be to OBJ
tain tenants who will pay a cash
rent and furnish the necessary equip
ment and capital to work the land.
When the tenants furnish the equip
ment they are more interested and
will be more likely to be long-term
renters.
But the trouble seems to be that
many landlords do not want such
tenants. They are able to make
more money out of the tenants hav-
ing nothing, on the share plan or by
charging exhorbitant prices for sup
plies. AS long as this remains true
landlords have no reason to complain
of the low class of tenants and their
shifting habits.
The progressive farmer and southern farm gazette., 1911-12-16
Timely Farm Suggestions.
Bv Tait Butler.

when this can be done. We have
much underestimate the value of
stable manures and other organic
materials for improving the mechan-
ical condition of the soil, and espe-
cially in their value for dissolving
other plant foods already in the soil,
or putting them in condition to be
used by growing crops.
When a soil has more potash in it
than is contained in the commercial
fertilizers used on it, and still the
potash in the fertilizer increases the
crop yields, it is evident something is
needed to set free the potash already
in the soil. Such cases are known
and serve to illustrate we'll the neces-
sity for decaying organic matter in
ic matter certain acids are formed
which set free potash and phosphoric
acid that otherwise might remain un-
availa BILE for the crops. This is one
of the greatest benefits to be derived
from stable manures and other or
ganic matters decaying in the soil. If
the manure or compost materials can
not be put into the soil and a grow
ing crop kept on it, then the next
best thing is to put these materials
on the top Of the land on which
there is a growing crop.
1t is true that little nitrogen is
gathered from the air by the falling
rain and carried into the soil, but we
must depend on the nitrogen gather
ed from the air by legumes, for our
main supply of nitrogen for increasing
soil fertility.
The progressive farmer and southern farm gazette., 1911-12-16
,oT SMALLER CROPS; BUT LESS
ACREAGE.

Large as the cotton crop is this
roar and it is too large in the ag-
gregate, if it had been produced at
the rate of bale to the acre, or even
ot the rate of three-fourths of bale
TO the acre, the crop might have beer
sold at 9 cents per pound at profit.
Nine cents is too low for cotton. Too
low for this crop, and too low for
any crop, considering the cost of
making it and it's real value to the
world; but the most unfortunate
part of the present low price is that
the poorest farmers suffer most. A
bale of cotton to the acre at cents
for lint and SIG ton for seed yields
revenue of $50 per acre, and such
an acre is profitable.
Every one knows that it is quite
possible to raise the yield on any
farm to bale to the acre under
favorable conditions and that from
one-half to three-fourths of a bale
should be made the unfavorable years
and yet the average is never up to
200 pounds of lint per acre over the
entire Cotton Belt. 1t is seasons of
low prices or other unfavorable con-
ditions which bring out clearly the
great need for increasing the yield
per acre by the increasing of soil fer
tility. We do not need more cotton,
but we need the crop produced on
less land, so that the balance of the
land may be used for growing home
supplies and for forage crops to feed
livestock to make stable manure to
increase the fertility of our soils.
After all, the base rock of our saliva
ton is the increasing of the yielding
powers of the lands we cultivate.
The progressive farmer and southern farm gazette., 1911-12-16

Southern tenant farmers are a
hardworking class as a rule. Even
the negro tenants do enough work, if
they would only use more imple-
ments and work more intelligently.
If high rentals are impossible from
poor class of shifting tenants who
have no capital or equipment for
working the land, then it is to the
interest of the landlord to educate
the tenants to better methods of
farming
The progressive farmer and southern farm gazette., 1911-12-16
HOW NITROGEN is SECURED AND
HOW IT is LOST.

There is little nitrogen lost from
the soil except through washing and
leaching and removal in crops The
same may be said of the loss of nj
trogen from stable manures or other
organic matter unless these sub
stances are supplied with air and
moisture and undergo decay or fer
land, or other materials left on the
soil if spread so thin that they dry
out readily, lose little nitrogen by
evaporation into the air.
On the other hand, the amount of
nitrogen obtained from the air,
through rain or otherwise, by the soil
or manures, is not an important fac
tor in maintaining or increasing soil
fertility. In the issue of November
Is, page 8, Mr.. Ballard says with
reference to organic materials used
for fertilizer:
Some of these we place on
platforms SO as to give free ac-
cess for circulating air beneath,
which air thus furnishes inter
to the heap, much needed by the
land
The free access of air through
these heaps of organic materials will
not add to the supply of nitrogen in
them. In fact, it will probably re-
suit in fermentation and the actual
loss of nitrogen. OF course air, or
the oxygen in it, is necessary to the
decomposition of these materials and
The rendering of the nitrogen in them
available for crop use, but if fermen-
tatlon takes place, loss of nitrogen
IS inevitable unless there is some
tnlng present to catch and hold it.
The Editor was certainly right in
stating that the sooner all organic
manures of this sort are on the land,
VI IN 1t, the better results will be oD-
'tained 1t may be necessary some
Nnes to rot these materials before
applying them to the land, but it is
"ucn better to rot them in the land
The progressive farmer and southern farm gazette., 1911-12-16
LONGER LEASES NECESSARY TO
GOOD FARMING.

There should be no conflict be-
tween the real interests of the land
lord and the tenant Neither should
there be conflict between capital and
labor, but there is. The landlord
wants the largest net income possible
from his investment. To secure this,
expenses for buildings, fences and
repairs must be kept down. The
tenant wants to get the most out of
the soil this year, for he knows not
that he shall occupy the land the next
season. Thus, it is the old story of
short-sighted selfishness which con-
stitutes the only conflict between
landlord and tenant.
1t is almost the universal opinion
that many landowners, working
their own lands, instead of tenants
working the lands of city landlords,
best favor the development of sue
cessful agriculture. But as a matter
of fact, it must be admitted that the
splendid agricultural development of
England and Scotland, for instance,
is largely tenant system of farming.
Probably the best arrangement is
small farms owned by those who till
them; but the next best system is a
long tenant tenure, or long-term
lease.
In England there are many pros
porous tenant farmers whose fore
fathers for three or more generations
have titled the same land as tenants
on which they are now prospering,
also as tenants.
In America there is no fixed or
hereditary tenant class and no we'll
established system of long-term leas-
ing of farm lands. Why this differ
ence? AS long as lands are cheap
there will be poor, ignorant and un-
successful tenants. No poor tenant
can afford to rent high-priced land,
and no owner of high-priced land will
rent to poor tenants, nor does he
have to; good tenants can always be
had for good lands. Moreover, as
long as lands are cheap the good ten
ant will always have an ambition to
own land for himself, and thus we
find that both the good and the poor
tenants in America are constantly
moving.
The progressive farmer and southern farm gazette., 1911-12-16
The Only Kind.

Keep your windows open. A daily
paper has the following apt utter
ance in big black type:
"The only air at night is night air;
breathe it.
THE only bad air at night is last
nights air; don't breathe It,"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1911-03-12
NEW RECORD At BOWLING
Johnson and Kelsey Take Lead in
Two Man Fixture.

Buffalo. March u.-Charles q. Johnson
and George r. Kelsey. Of New Haven.
members If the New Haven team in the
Connecticut State Bowling League. estah-
lished A new record for two-man competi-
ton ar the National Bowling Association
tournament to-day. by rolling q total Of 1855
pins Kelsey made an average Of % in his
three games. ard his partner averaged 81.
Tvser and Sutton. Of Rochester, bowling
in the same series. made a total Of l21o
placing them In fifth position. The tourna-
ment record Of es6 pins I'M singles. hell bY
Jacob r Muller Of New York. was threat
ened no less than three timee during the
afternoon.
Fred Schwartje a veteran bowler Of tho
Matinee Bowling Club. Of Brooklyn. was
the first man 10 show signs Of champion
ship form I'M the pne-man event He rolled
2lo in his first game, 225 in his second and
made fine start I'm the third With one
frame left and enough points 10 tie. Muller
by striking OUT Schwartz, rolled hall
that should have been good for The Ten
pins Nine fell Tie tenth rocked back and
forth for q second or two. but finally set
tied back IN an upright position That pin
lost him a score equal 70 that Of the leader
ana the bert he got was a tie with Haley
NJ Detroit tor fifth place
Even this he held for only half an hour
for in the next squad two more Eastern
bowlers Nver. or ALBANY, and MOnatt, OF
Newark y D., topped his score hy three
pins
Niver scored 20. 235 and 2'3. and Moftatt
90 l0s and 222 Creuson. of Alliance Ohio
is second 10 Muller in the leadership OF
the single series Niver and Moffatt are
lied for fourth place with Epson.
Major TvSer of Rochester BOWED bA in
the last squad of singles this evening one
pin behind Crewson's score. Epson, Of New
Haven scored 64S