davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02
CARE OF THE DRY COWS

T know dairymen who do not feed
shippers or dry cows any grain food
during the winter until they freshen
late in the winter or early spring.
This may be cheap way OF roughtng
them through the winter. but such
methods have never returned profit
on the writer's farm
know that It seems loss to reed
dry cows. but 1t Is not so much Ques-
tt N as to whether farmer ca AZ
ford to feed them grain as IT is
whether or not he can afford to have
tt em become run down in flesh and
be unable to give. n good yield OF milk
after they .reshen In the spring.
Two pounds Of good. wholesome
grain food day to each COW will help
wonderfully and in connection with
good ensiIage and clover hay will
maintain her IL, very good condition
We have found early cut clover hay
one of the hest winter feds for dairy
cattle We have often changed from
clover to timothy hay ard Invariably
the yield Of milk would fall off.
Well cured clover hay comes nearer
to being balanced Good than any
OTTER one crop we grow on our farms,
IF the COW could hold enough clover
hay we would not need to feed any,
thing else hut she likes variety and
docs decidedly better when fed ersil-
are with Ter clover hay, Corn ensil-
age adds palata bilitv and Succulence
&c the rati, n and makes IT easier to
masticate and digest than dry fodder.
- u
hor and barn room and four tons OF
corn ensilage cal. be stored In the
space occupied by I !, on OF hay
The dairyman who is without
silo to provide succulence during the
winter months is certainly I'M ag nst
a nard proposition.-N. NJ Kelly.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02
ANrELo PE INTRODUCED INTO OKLAHOMA

or the various States are observed on
their Forests. in SO far as they can do
this IN Justice to their other duties.
Many of the Forest officers are regu-
larly appointed Deputy State Game
Wardens. and it Is the policy OF tho
Department of Agriculture to encour-
age their acting in this capacity when
they can do so without prejudice to
their work rs Forest officers.
j Ordinarily game matters pertain to
the States. and not to the National
Government but in the Wichita and
the Grand Canyon Game Refugees the
Government has not left the matter
of caring for game protection wholly
to the States. but has established
National reservations on which an
attempt will be made to breed game.
The Wichita is notable for the fact
that 1t has a small herd of buffalo
upon It., which Game Warden Rusl,
regards as the apple Of his eye. They
were dpnated by the American Bison
Society and shipped from the New
York Geological Garden in 1908 They
then numbered Is, and have since
been increased by the addition Of 10
calves; two Of the original herd. how
ever, died in the first year. To the
buffaloes are now added the antelope.
The antelope were shipped from
Yellowstone Park and have been
liberated in one Of the yards which
had been prepared for them. Two
additional head are expected to follow
the eight already received. Since the
antelope, once SO abundant on the
plains, is in serious danger OF entire
extinction. this attempt to establish
the species on the Wichita Game Pre-
serve will be watched with interest bv
all who wish to see our native wild
animals given chance to perpstuate
themselves. though, surrounded by
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02
'.>,%r,%
''IS ,I.'''

to go to when they fail to find plenty
by foraging they will gain in size much
faster
AS the chick grows in size the larg $
size of chick feed is used. Along about
harvest time we begin to place wheat
whole or cracked. in one section of the
hopper: In another. cracked corn: in
other sections. beef scraps. oyster
shells, charcoal tchick size) and a
dry mash composed Of equal parts Of
bran. middlings and ground oats.
Oats Is one Of the best feeds one
can give chicks for growth. but 1t Is
hard to get in suitable form for feed
ing to poultry. One of the best meth.
DDS Is to sprout it. A pail Of oats Is
covered with water and allowed to
soak about twelve hours. In winter
we use water which Is heated and
just cool enough that you can bear
your hand In it: in summer. cold
water After soaking. the oats are
poured out into trays two feet wide
and three feet long and two inches
deep. The bottoms of these trays are
made Of galva nized one-fourth- inch
mesh wire screen. We start bucket
full Of the oats every day piling the
trays on top of eacn other until we
have four or five
Meanwhile we must thoroughly stir
Trio oats in each tray every day and
wet with water. The oats will. no
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02
ARE GUINEA HENS PROFITABLE!
~, es<z.ten p1M,l.tl1.,. r f"

There is no doubt that II the
guinea hen is properly cared for at
all times that it will prove almost as
profitable as any Of the ordinary
breeds Of chickens.
Guinea eggs are not always salable
to country merchants because many
people say they are not palatable and
their color is against them, but bak-
ers are always glad to &c. guinea eggs
because 1t is claimed they can be used
to better advantage in cake baking
than any other. excepting duck eggs.
If the eggs can be obtained from
g inca hens that have been confined
fer a season or whose ancestors have
been treated as domestic fowls the
birds will. in time. become alme as
tame as chickens.
When the hens are left out in the
open they make their nests In brush
heaps or out-of -theway places. and
when their nest is once located they
r: rely leave the vicinity. and 1t Is,
therefore, easy to find the nests. 1t
T.; always better.to place the eggs un-
der chicken hen for Matching un-
less the guinea hen has been con-
fined.
Unless the guinea len is confined
she will take her brood on long jour
neys through tie damp grass. and
many are likely to die from this cause.
One difficulty - ,out raising guineas
is that the young birds are very easily
killed by mites a, d lice. They are
apparently moro tender than the
chicken and many will quickly die.
particularly II tn, big head louise at
tacks them. The utmost care as to
cleanliness must be taken II tho
gu'neas are raised in confinement.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02

Two classes Of enemies attack fruit
trees and plants. viz: insects and run
gous diseases. The application of SUD-
stances, usually liquid. to the tree or
plant for the purpose Of preventing
or. destroying these constitutes spray
ing.
We spray to destroy insects and to
prevent fungous diseases. Spraying is
no longer an experiment.. 1t IS an
esta blished fact that intelligent and
persistent spraying always pays. Inc
effects Of spraying are cumulative
The effects Of spraying last year and
this year may result in an increased
Weld next year. An instructive bulleuT
issued by the Wisconsin Horticultrr>
Society, has the following to say re
rarding spraying: The insects anec1
ing fruit may be divided for CONVEX
ence into two classes, which are dls
tinguished by their mode OF feedlns
viz: eating or chewing insects an'
sucking insects.
Eating insects consume the ahecte'
tissues, commonly the leaves. anc
thereby hinder the functions OF the
plant. The common example Is the
potato bug or beetle. Insects o.
this class are destroyed by poisoning
their food Sucking insects, 90 no.
consume the external tissues OF the
plant. but feed only on the sap. lr
order to accomplish this the insec'
thrusts its proboscis through the, en-
ternal coverings and sucks the juices
in the same way as mosquito SUCK:
blood. AS these insects do not con
sumo the tissue Of the leaf or branch
poisons are Of no avail. We must
therefore attack the insects. This i
done by covering them with some SUD
stance which will penetrate tneii
bodies. or with substance which closes
their breathing pores. To repeat:
I) Biting or chewing insects are
destroyed by placing poison on the
parts on which the insects feed.
l2) Sucking insects are destroyed
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02

and is capable OF a wider range Of
temperature. that Is. 1t can be turned
very low for use in mild weather or
will give flame sufficiently large to
maintain the proper temperature un-
der the hover when 1t Is below zero
outside. The burner selected should
have but one control valve. as it Is
less complicated and less likely to clog.
Since there is only one flame to 600
chicks, n:tead of 4 as in the case Of
using kernsene-heated brooders with
only so chicks each. the risk Of fire
Is reduced to th"t extent. and any one
Intelligent enough to be trusted with
kerosene hea ted breeders can manage
sasoline-hcat"d ones, with equal
safety.
The common points Of error which
result disastrously are: allowing too
much gasoline to run into the gener-
1ting cup: applying match to tho
generating cup before the control
valve Is closed: attempting to light the
burner after 1t has blown out in SOME
manner and the bottom of the burner
box Is covered with gasoline All of
the above should be carefully avoided
The burner should always be turned
out and the wheel valve closed while
the tank is being filed. To light the
burner open the valve and allow the
gasoline to fill the generating cup
nearly full. then close. Light the
ga solinc and allow it to burn out.
Open the control valve and hold a
lighted match over the top Of the
burner. This will give bright blue
cone-shaped fame. which should never
be turned so high as to show red.
See that the house stands level. If
It tips forward the gasoline which:
would flow if the f1me Should 10
extinguished would remain jr the
burner box. Never ligh, tine burner
while there is gasoline or vapor in the
box.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02
DON'T MISTREAT -dF BROODY
HEN.

Many people resent the attempt OF
Biddy to set. Seemingly overlooking
the fact that it is the nature Of the
bid an not her wilful desire to do
something cher owner does not want
done her canI.ot help becoming
broody any more than man can help
being hungry without eating.
1t is useless cruelty to couse a
broody hen in cold water or place
her in a coop with floor made of
falling, or to confiIie her In close,
dark coop. None of these things are
necessary. OF course. II it Is not de-
sirable to have the hen let at certain
t she must be.carried over the PEI
Rod when nature drives he: to It, but
as good sitter is always valua BILE to
the breeder she should be treated
with kin mess.
hen is to place her with others in a
not too roomy coop with slated
front where she can s. the other
chickens scratching and running
about. She should bs fed sparingly
because at this time her appetite is
g-eatly reduced. II she is fed once
day it will be sufficient. but her feed
should increase 20 'l;eep pace with her
appetite.
OF course no t hens are exactly
alike. nor can specific treatment be
accorded to each individual. This be-
ing the case. it would be good sense
to treat all alike am with uniform
kindness, keeping in mind always her
valuable Qualities nd her good con-
dition when She Is wanted to rear a
famuv
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02

Eight head of antelope. which came
from the National herd in the Yellow
stone Park. have been received at the
Wichita Game Refuge in the State of
Oklahoma. Through the generosity
OF members Of the Boone and Crockett
Club Of New York, funds were fur
nished for capturing and transporting
these animals from Wyoming to Okla
homa.
The pronEf1orned antelope is unlike
any other antelope on the face of the
earth. and has so many peculiarities
that naturalists class it in a family by
itself. Formerly existing by thousands
on our open Western plains. 1t has
now been so reduced in numbers that
Its absolute extinction is certain in the
very near future unless protection is
given the few remaining. 1t does not
do we'll east of the Mississippi River.
and can not be successfully bred in
captivity; but it thrives If allowed to
roam practically free within large en-
closures and under conditions closely
approaching the natural ones.
On the Wichita Game Refuge It is
hoped that the antelope. will find
themselves in surroundings suited to
their increase. The Wichita is really
a National Forest, set aside by Act of
Congress as National Game Refuge
because Of its especial suitability to
act as breeding place for the wild
creatures of the plains and lower
Rocky Mountain regions. Here the
Importance of the game work has
overshadowed the ordinary uses Of a
National Forest. There are over $50
\ National Forests. but only two Nation
al Game Refugees.
This does not mean that outside of
these refugees the game on the Nation
al Forests is not protected. for the
National Forest officers are uniformly
instructed to see that the game laws
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02
METHODS OF MIXING FAT INTO
DOUGH.

The effect on quality of mixing fat
into dough in different ways has been
studied by Miss M. =. Watson, Of the
Ontario Agricultural College who
found in the case of biscuits in which
the shortening had been mixed in the
dough by rubbing or cutting into the
-four, and by also mixing In the melt
ed shortening, that equally good re-
suits were obtained as regards out
ward appearance and the way the
dough had risen, but on breaking the
biscuits made with melted butter they
were found to be Of inferior texture
and seemed very tough, while in the
biscuit in which the butter was rub
bed into the dough the texture was
much better, more spongy and quite
tei.der.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02

the ground will permit The soil
should be very rich with leaf-mold
and well rotted COW or sheep manure
and should be worked up with little
sand into a loose loan. The addition
of bone meal. well worked into the
soil. will help the growth Of the plants
and add to their beauty. OF the fancy
leaved caladiums those best suited to
outdoor planting are those having
predominance Of green in the foliage.
as the highly colored kind do not o.
quite 80 well.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02
REGULARITY.

may be adjusted to your convenience.
strict regularity should be observed in
all things. to maintain as much as
possible the pace of the cows system,
secured when she is in full flow. If
feeding or milking is delayed. the
elaboration of milk is interrupted and
the flow lessened. So, in order to get
q full yield for long time. everything
should be done with the strictest regu-
larity. The milking should be done
in such a way that cow will receive
the largest possible satisfaction from
the emi-daily event.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02

doubt. heat some: and this makes
them sprout fast. but If they have a
tendency to get too hot, cold water
could he used to keep them cool. BY
the fourth or fifth day the sprouts are
perhaps one-half to one inch long.
For summer feeding when the stock
can get plenty of grass they will eat
the oats readily at this stage and it
is as good a growing feed as can be
obtained. The sprouts are very good
for early chicks that can get no grass.
In feeding for growth and early de-
velopment, remember that the best
feeds are the cheapest, and that plenty
of clean feed Of such variety to pro-
duce balanced ration. and plenty Of
pure water. will make you more profit
than If the birds arc scantily fed and
allowed to stay in filthy quarters and
peStered by lice.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02
HOW TO USE CALADIUNIs.

If you have an unsightly spot In the
rear of the house-which by the way
should never exist-you may hide 1t
from the casual visitor by border OF
the beautiful. broad-leaved caladium.
Arrange to separate the kitchen
garden from the lawn by planting a
border of caladiums. And against a
background Of sweet peas or saliva 1t
produces beautiful effect. The best
way to cultivate caladium Is to plant
the tubers as early In the spring as
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02
RATION; FOR LAYING DUCKS.

Laying du ks ShCuld DE fed as fol-
lows: Cornmeal As per cent. bran 20
per cent, cooked vegetables Is per
cent. beef scraps about is per cent.
and sand or grit 5 per cent. This
should be mixed with milk and fed
t, times day. mornings and even
irgs. Fish induces egg production.
but should never be fed to market
d~sks. because it gives the flesh a
strong flavor. For both breeding and
market ducks feed only as much as
they will eat up with relish. Pro-
vide lenty of fresh drinking water
J. ed w. kazmeier.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02

placed Mt the sides or ends. . n the
houses are to he used in orchards. 1t
IS advisable to place the runners on
the sides because this allows the
house to be drawn between. the rows
of trees with less danger Of striking
The greatest Of care should be exer-
c!sed in installing the gasoline heater
MS any loose fitting connection would
cause leakage Of gases into the hover
The form Of burner that has been
found the most satisfactory. is one that
gives cone-shaped blaze directed up
into the radiator, instead Of being sen:
out In jets at right angles to the
burner. It gives more complete com
bzMAn than the cap type Of burner
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02

man who will work a horse with
a sore shoulder and make no attempt
to cure it or change the collar ought
to be compelled to wear illfltting
shoes that would raise a new crop Of
blisters every week.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02
GASOLINE HEA TED BROODERS
THERE re- rs DANGER WHATsoF OPERATING A
Gasoline BUr<NER PROVIDED ORDINARY CARE
IS EXERCISED

walls and is feet inches from tor
OF floor to top OF ridge board. 1t Is
made with a bevel at each end to form
runners or shoes upon which to draw
the house about wher desired.
Runners s inches high have been
used with satisfactory results but
more often runners 10 or IL inch cs
high are used. The runners may he
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02

The use of gasoline to develop heat
for breeders has many points to com
mend Il to those who raise poultry on
q fairly large scale: the system IN
wolves broods Of 200 chicks. so that 1t
is not suitable for those who have only
small matches.
The principal advantages in using
gasoline rather than kerosene are to
secure higher temperature when
needed without forcing the heater and
TO saye time and labor by having one
brooder house serve for 200 chicks in
stead Oh so as 10 usually the case.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02
WHY SPRA YZNG is PRACI7CED
SPRAYING rs DONE TO ELIMINATE INSECTS AND TO PRE-.
VENT FUNGUS DISEASES FROM DESTROYING
PLANTS TREES

existing as spores on the outside OF
plants. but after these have penetrated
the tissue of leaf. stem or root, spray
ing Is of no avail. In other words
spraying for plant diseases must be
wholly for prevention.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02
TURKEY NOTES

II there are two toms in the flock
and they don't agree. shut up one
one day and the other the next.
There Is nothing better to feed little
poults during the first few weeks OF
their lives than any good brand Of dry
grain chick feed. which can be bought
in the market This Is convenient te
use, produces satisfactory results and
avoids the necessity Of fussing with
various connections often recon-
mended for this purpose.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02

ploys a veterinarian to study the dis
eases of -ostriches.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02

A great many Russian peasants are
going into western Canada. and as
many Of them are poorly equipped for
farm operations, they work on the CO.
operative plan. These Russians settle
in villages according to their custom
in their native land and when there
are not enough horses to draw the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02

Honey is the .purest and the least
harmful Of sweets. The honey crop
is mostly gain. &c: 10 flowers need
necessarily be raised to pasture the
bees. They aid in the fertilization Of
fruit trees and the smaller cloverA
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02

There should not be single cock
erel or old rooster on the place now.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02

Most vicious habits of horses come
from an i5.competent trainer.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02

The main fact to be borne in mind
is this: The spores which may be
present in innumerable numbers may
be destroyed or their termination pre-
vented by the application Of certain
substances known as fungicides. while
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-03-02
WHERE WOMEN DRAW THE PL0W

plows. the women Of the village act
as substitutes. 1t is said to be moi
an uncommon sight to see q dozen .oi
more women attached to a pillow by
long rope on which there are fastened
at intervals sticks of wood which may
be placed against the breast or across
the arms to aid in pulling.
Mohave County miner., 1911-07-29

chanical and metallurgical investiga- tions as are found expedient to aid the mining and metallurgical industry of Canada" Mining men are generally familiar with the special grants made for the investigation of processes for producing zinc. A few days ago we were informed by the inventor of a new crusher and a concentrating de- vice that the Canadian Department was preparing to give them a thorough test. The government has listened to the voice of the mining interests, es- pecially as represented by the Canad- ian Mining Institute, which helped to promote the establishment of the present Department of Mines and which has recently secured the ear of Parliament in the matter of creating uniform mining code for the Dominion.
 Our own government has done prac- tically nothing in the sphere of mining and reducing ore. A rare exception we're experiments ol several gedrS dRO in the grinding ani treatment of mag netic sands. An entering wedge is desired, and it is this demand that is typified by the gathering in Denver last week, as well as that which is to be held in Salt Lake City this week. It should be apparent that the metal miners are preparing to insist upon a destiny for the Bureau of Mines for which, in their judgement, it was orig inally created.-Denver Mining Science.
Mohave County miner., 1911-07-29

mine on the opposite slope. These re- markable specimens of leaf gold from the Ontario are to be seen exhibited at the Carter Museum, Denver, and were presented to that institution by John F. Campion, who at that time owned the mine. Throughout Earn comb hill these leaf and wire speci- mems of free gold are invariably found in narrow, vertical seams, Assures or joint planes in the shales, and never in or at contact of the porphyry mass or brecia. Thousands of dollars worth of wire and leaf gold have been taken from this remarkable hill, which of its kind is unique in the world.-Denver Mining Science.