davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Raymer enterprise., 1911-01-05
Capitol War In Court.

+ Denver.-For alleged violation of the
public accounting act passed by the
last Assembly, James B. Pearce, secre.
tary Of state, has been indicted by the
local grand jury. He appeared In the
criminal division Of the District Court
and gave bail for his appearance.
State Auditor Kenehan Is held re.
sponsible in manner for the indict.
ment. He submitted what facts he
had in his possession to District Al.
torney w. V. Elliott, and the latte
as was his duty, submitted them
to the grand jury. and the latter
body came to the decision that Mr..
Pearce had violated the statute. Mr..
Pearce does not deny the allegation;
he states he seeks only to have the
constitutionality Of the measure test.
ed In court. This will be his defense.
The indictment is another chapter In
the Kenehan.Pe statehouse feud,
The Raymer enterprise., 1911-01-05
Live Stock.

Chicago. Cattle Market slow.
Beeves, s4.65m725: Texas steers,
H.20G5.35; Western steers. $4,000
$50; stockers and feeders, $4,000
$50; cows and heliers, $2.50Q6.25;
calves. $7.25M925.
Hogs-Market dull, 5I10c lower.
Light, $7.4O@7SO; mixed, s7.5O@Is2h
heavy. $7.45G7.S0: rough, s74567.60;
good to choice heavy. $IG0@7S0;
p:gs. $7.15@795; bulk Of sales, $7.e5
OTIS.
sheep-Market weak. Native. $3.50
@4 35; Western $275d4.3O; yearlings,
t75@5.s0; lambs, native, S4.2506.50;
Western, $4.750G.60.
The Raymer enterprise., 1911-01-05
WASHINGTON.

President Taft has been appealed
by former Forester Clifford Pinchot
and his brother. Amos Pinchot, to can.
Gel Immediately, without further hear.
ing, the so-called Cunningham Alaskan
coal claims.
President Taft has authorized form.
81 recognition OF the new constitu.
tlonal government of Nicaragua, fol.
lowing the receipt of official dis
patches announcing the election OF
Gen. Juan J. Estrada as president.
Statements made by Sir Hiram
Maxim, who wrote President Taft Oct.
10Th that gun explosions in the United
States army and navy were due to the
form of powder grain in use, are char.
acterized as unworthy of serious con-
sideration.
Impetus to the movement for a per.
manent tariff commission was given
by conferences at the White House
and the capitol. the return of Repre-.
sentative l.ongworth of Ohio in Wash.
mgton with full draft of bill Great.
Ing n commission and by announce.
ment of Chairman Payne Of the House
committee on ways and means that he
expected such legislation before March
9Th.
Through the practical institution OF
the postal savings bank system Tues.
day, January 3rd, the United States
government will give the people facili.
ties for saving part of their earn.
ings. Their establishment is regarded
as the most far-reaching financial step
taken since the authorization of ma.
tional banks, and their operation will
be watched with interest by finan.
ciers throughout the world.
Immediate formulation of Panama
canal legislation practically was de.
tided upon at conference at the
White House between President Taft,
Secretary Knox, Secretary Dickinson,
Senator Flint of California, chairman
OF the Senate committee of inter.
oceanic canals; Senator Brandegee OF
Connecticut. also a member of that
committee, and Representative Mann
c. Illinois, chairman Of the House com.
mittee on interstate and foreign com.
merce.
when the Grand Jury now investi.
eating the sampling OF sugar in New
Orleans finishes its work, it will be
found that the frauds against the gov.
ernment there have been going on for
OF least fifteen years" This state.
nent was made by an official of the
customs service, who said that all the
suspected frauds would be found in
the sampling of sugar and in the polar.
scopc test which determines the
saccharine contents upon which the
importer pays duty. An investigation
Of alleged drawback" funds at San
Francisco is also imminent. A pre-.
llminary investigation has furnished
evidence which leads treasury Off.
Gals to believe the frauds there will
eclipse those at New York, which the
american Sugar Refining Company
recently offered to settle for 100000.
The Raymer enterprise., 1911-01-05
THE LATEST IMPORTANT DIS.
PATCHES PUT INTO SHORT.
CRISP PARAGRAPHS.
STORY OF THE week
SHOWING THE PROGRESS OF
Ev,NTs IN OUR OWN AND
FOREIGN LANDS.
WESTERN.

The Los Angeles Times has per.
lected arrangements for the first de.
livery of newspapers by aeroplanes.
Arch Hoxsey. of Pasadena, CAL,
holder of the present worlds altitude
record of 11,474 feet, flew over Mount
North Texas is shivering under a
cold wave. Amarillo, in the Pan.
handle. reports half an inch of snow
and high winds.
The city and county OF Denver
spent $l67.797.7S to care for its poor
IN the year ending November SOth, ac.
cordins to report Of county clerk.
Luther Burbank has announced the
creation OF strawberry of new type
the Patagonia" which commences to
ripen first and continues to bear the
longest.
Edward T:acy was arrested in
Butte, Mont, after a chase of a year
and is charged with an unusual of.
tense against the statutes, namely
stealing the same horse twice.
The body Of man forty years old
was found IN Paola. Kans., in a car
loaded with bricks. in his pocket was
found receipt from fraternal lodge
at Anadarko, Okla, bearing the name
n W. o. Bruce.
Fred Cutler, messenger boy, was
run down and probably fatally injured
in Guthrie, Okla. by an automobile
carrying State Treasurer James Men.
ele The car used emergency brakes.
1t was demolished.
Eighteen feet Of gold ore worth SIS
Ter ton is the verified report of the
big strike made recently at the Ital.
ian mine, belonging to the Leesburg
Mining Company. about twenty miles
from Salamon City, Idaho. The min.
ers predict stampede.
Gold shipped by Alaska operators to
the United States assay office at Seat.
lie for the month Of November, 1910,
amounted to approximately $1,54O,OOO
as against about s723OOO for Novem.
ber 1909; the operating season was
considerably longer than previous
seasons.
England and France, in a speed
coalition. defeated America at Los An.
geles, In the first aerial derby ever run.
Jas. Radley. the British speed cham.
pion, In a French Bleriot monoplane,
beat Eugene Ely, driving Curtis
racer, and Phil Parmalee, In a "baby"
Wright. in an eight and three.quarter
miles race.
Disclosures following the forced II.
Quidation Of the Quanah National
bank Of Quanah, Texas, caused the
comptroller of the currency to issue
ar order directing every one OF the
7,1OO national banks In the United
States to install what practically
amounts to a uniform system OF book.
Keeping.
The secretary Of the interior has
approved the contract entered into by
Supervising Engineer Savage OF the
reclamation service on behalf of the
United States, with Samuel Thomas
Of Byron. Wyo, for the construction
OF distrlbutory ditches under the
frannie canal and lateral A. Of the
shoshonc irrigation project. Wyoming. !
The Raymer enterprise., 1911-01-05
Scientists Predict Earthauake,

Mobile, Ala.-Almost continuous
trembling of the seismograph at the
Spring Hill college. near here, caused
Prof. c. Ruhlman to issue warning
OF a great seismic upheaval, which, he
says, is sure to come soon. Constant.
ly increasing tremors have been re-
corded.
The Raymer enterprise., 1911-01-05
Proposed Anti.Pest Law.

Greeley.-Great interest attaches 10
the proposed anti.pest law to be sub.
mitted TO the state grasshoppcr con.
vention here January 9th, which has
been drafted by District Attorney
Carlson and is designed to exterminatc
grasshoppers. the Goblin roth and 9th.
er insects and pests that have cost
the farmers Of Colorado millions. It
provides penalties for those who do
not aid in determination of the pests.
The Raymer enterprise., 1911-01-05
. Weld Has Own pay.

Greeley.-Friday, January Goth, has
been set as the date Of Weld county
day at the Denver. stock show. So
far this is the only county in the
state so honored. Weld county's ex-
hibits at the stock show will be better
than ever and local men are doing
everything possible in connection with
the stock show management to let
everybody know that Weld county is
on the map.
The Raymer enterprise., 1911-01-05
LeadyilIe Gets Eirst Bank.

Leadville.-The first postal savings
bank in Colorado was opened here
January 3rd. Postmaster A. B. Bohn
returned recently from Washington,
where ne received instructions in the
working OF this system. and states
that everything was ready to set the
wheels in motion on Tuesday.
The Raymer enterprise., 1911-01-05
Athletic Tournament.

Denver.-Mike Yokel of Salt Lake,
who claims the welterweight wrest.
ling championship of the world, yes.
terday announced tat he would send
delegation of wrestlers to compete
in the Denver Athletic Club amateur
tournament. which will be held here
February Clio. Although 1t is several
weeks before the boys VIII commence
real training. many entries are being
received daily.
The Raymer enterprise., 1911-01-05
New Corner Stone Laid.

Greeley-Almost thirty-six years
after the building of Trinity Episco.
pal church, the cornerstone Of the new
church was laid by Bruce G. Eaton.
DR.. C. c. Uric. Lee Carrel and H. H.
Thurby. There were present Mrs.
Mary Hancock. Mrs. Albert Igo and
Mrs. II. Ramsey. who witnessed the
laying Of the first cornerstone.
The Raymer enterprise., 1911-01-05
Public Works Report.

Colorado Springs.-The annual re-.
rort of A. j. Lawlon. commissioner Of
public works, shows that during the
year an average of forty-five men
we're employed, 10000 loads of gravel
was used in surfacing streets; nearly
23g00,000 gallons of water was used
Ly the sprinklng carts and over
3S,0O0.0O0 gallons by the electric
sprinklers.
The Raymer enterprise., 1911-01-05
Was All a Mistake.

Greeley-That 1t sometimes pays to
look like the other fellow is the opin.
Ion of Joe White. who, while waiting
for train, and because of his resem.
blance, was greeted and kissed by a
pretty Normal school girl who took
him for her brother.
The Raymer enterprise., 1911-01-05
Two Men Terribly iS1ured.

Pueblo William Norden and Ed
ward Grace were terribly injured in a
boiler explosion in the plant of the
Pueblo & Suburban Traction & Light
Compar:. Both men were deluged
with scalding water and steam.
The Raymer enterprise., 1911-01-05
Eastern Produce.

Kansas City, Butter Creamery.
2sc; firsts. 25c; seconds. 23c; packing
stock. 19c.
Eggs-Extras, 29lsc; flrsts. 27c;
seconds, 1870;
The Raymer enterprise., 1911-01-05
eIq Fire In Wichita.

Wichita. Kan.-The four.story Bit
ting office and business block and the
store stock on the first floor OF the
building burned, loss $4,000.
The Raymer enterprise., 1911-01-05
STATE NEWS
OF INTEREST TO
ALL COLORADO
PEOPLE
COMING EVENTS IN COLORADO.

HN" HV IN 4 > ~ SV''VtsIs
Jan. ls-old Time Cowboys Association
at Denver.
Jan. Stock show. Den
yer.
Jan. 17-1e-Colorado Cattle Growers
Convention. Denver.
Jan. l7-ls-Colorado and wyoming
Lumber Dealers Association ConVen-
/. tion. Denver.
The Raymer enterprise., 1911-01-05
Eggs.
MISCELLANEOUS MARKETS.
St Louis Wool.

st. Wool-Unchanged: med.
ium grades combing and clothing. %
423c; light fine, 2OG22c; heavv fine.
l5U17c; tub washed, 20033c.
The Raymer enterprise., 1911-01-05
Increases Its Capital.

Ault.-The Ault Milling & Elevator
Company, Of which J. Mullins is presi-
dent, has increased its capital stock
from $4,000 to $4,000.
The Raymer enterprise., 1911-01-05
Game.
Butter.

S'bih OU
Creameries, ex. East, lb. :. 33
Creameries, ex. Colo, lb. :. 33
Creamerles. End grade -. 26
Process and renovated .... &c
Packing stock ............ 17,a
The Raymer enterprise., 1911-01-05

South Park wire grass ..17.O0I1S.0O
San Luis Val. wire grass 1450@15.5O
The Raymer enterprise., 1911-01-05
Grain.
Hay.

Upland, per ton ....... ..14.00@15.0)
Second bottom ...... .1250@13.5
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-07-14

WANTED-A position by young msp
of good habits, sober and attentive =
business; college graduate and no' ~
used to hard work. Country store Pr
ferred. Address ensas Gareste' D. -
seph, La.
sor 6 doses mO0o'' win ours 80
sass q Calls and Fever. Prizes -
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-07-14

Lake st. Joseph Lodge, No. lO2, X.
Of p, meets regularly on the second and
fourth Wednesdays Of each month at
NeNellton, La.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-07-14

The Fifth District Levee Board
meets at Delta, La, next Wednes-
day.
Mr.. H. C. Elder. the popular life
insurance agent, is visitor to Ten
sas parish this week q
Mrs. J. p. Harrison of delta"
is advertising for big mastiff dog,
strayed from her home. See de-
scription elsewhere.
The lawn of Christ Church has
recently been mown and the hedge
trimmed, which adds very much
to the general appearance of the
church property.
Capt. Worrell advertises a reward
of 10000 for information leading to
the conviction of any one found
guilty of stealing corn from the field
on his 'Duckpond' plantation.
The special jury drawn for Mon
day next, July 18th, to try some
civil cases, has been discharged by
the Judge, as the cases have by con-
sent been continued until the next
regular jury term of court, in Octo-
Der. Hence all jurors erawn for
next Monday need not report.
5 or 6 does 1000" will, cure any
case of Chills and Fever Price 25c.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-07-14


Mr.. John Luther Ellis of Mem
phis, was the guest of Mr. and Mrs.
w. J. Steen several days this week
Masters Holmes and Thompson
Ianius. Jr., were guests of their
grandmother, in St. Joseph, this
week.
Mrs. B. B. Young and little
daughter May left last Sunday to
visit at Fountain City and Chatta-
nooga, Tenn.
Miss Susie Maude Muir and Miss
Carrie Marie Muir of Lake st. Jo-
seph are visiting their cousin, Mrs
A. B. Ratcliff.
Mrs. M. F. Gibson, after a visit
to her daughter, Mrs. Baker, left
this week to visit her daughter,
Mrs. Orys at Lobdell, La.
Rev. Mr.. Carson of Monroe paid
a visit to Tensas last Sunday and
conducted morning service at New
elton and evening service at St.
Joseph.
Mrs. w. ]. Steen and daughter,
Miss Amalia, left on Thursday night
for Battle Creek, Mich, where they
will spend the remainder Of the
summer.
Mrs. r. C. Showers and children
returned on Tuesday night from a
visit to Church Hill, Miss, where
they were called by the illness and
death of Mr.. Showers father, the
late Mr.. l.. B. Showers.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-07-14

State Of Louisiana, Parish a -.
10Th District Court. 'ensa'
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-07-14

Mr.. e. l.. Gully paid visit to
New Orleans this week.
Mrs. J. w. Losey made bust
ness trip to Natchez this week.
Mr.. Emile Mayer has returned
from a business trip to New Orleans.
Mr.. E. H. jackson has purchased
Chalmers Detroit 30 horse power
car.
Mr.. Thos. NJ. Wade, Jr., made
a flying trip TO New Orleans last
week.
Mrs. Louis Buckner returned this
week from a visit to her parents in
Natchez.
Master Jim Clinton Of yNatchez
is visiting his grandmother in St.
Joseph.
Mrs. Rand of "Justina" planta-
ton was a visitor to St. Joseph on
Thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs. ]. E. Byram left
this week for a visit to his relatives
at Ida, La.
Mrs. Mulberry Clinton of Natchez
is expected Sunday to visit Mrs.
Lizzie Clinton.
Miss Lola Lanius visited her sis
ter, Mrs. Ruckner, at Bombay, !"
several days this week.
Hon. w. S. Holmes. a prominent
attorney Of Tallulah. was visitor
to st. Joseph this week.
Mr.. Joseph Levy has returned
from a pleasant and beneficial visit
to Browns Wells, Miss.
Capt. James Jenkins Of the high
headed launch Annie Belle" made
a trip to Vicksburg this week.
Miss Norma Dee Gresum of
Adams county. Miss, is visiting
her sister. Mrs. o. L. Watson.
Mrs. w. NJ. Davidson returned
his week from q visit to her grand
'on. Master Bruce Beverly Baxter.
r..
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-07-14

The following marriage notice ap-
peared in the Picayune this week
with request that this paper copy
Neither party is known to us.
ROPER-MICHEL--On Thursday, June
Goth, 1911, at St. Stephens Church, at 4
o. clock, by Rev. Father Helinski, Miss
STELLYA MAY MICHEL, and Mr..
GEORGE b. ROPER, of Gramercy, La.
Next Sunday being the 10Th day
aud third Sunday, the Rev. p. HI
Fontaine will conduct services at
st. Joseph, morning and evening.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-07-14

State of Louisiana, Parish of Tensas,
10th District Court.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-07-14
information Wanted!

Information wanted by Mrs. James P.
Harrison, at Delta bridge, La, OF large
SLATE COLOR AND WHITE MAS
TIFF, smooth hair, long on tail, "string
halt in left hind leg. Answers to name
OF ''Trilby." Last seen going toward
Waterproof.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-07-14

Dated at Newellton, La, this 18Th os'
June, 1911.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-07-14
Notice.
10 Wade Miles, Last Known Post Office,
Eudora, Arkansas:

10 Wade Miles, Last Known Post Office,
Eudora, Arkansas:
You are hereby notified that on the Stll
lay OF July, 1911, at Tax Sale. became
the purchaser Of the following described
real estate, assessed in your name for the
year 1910, to-wit:
Lot No. 10 OF Square "K" Of Routll-
wood Addition to Newellton, La. and
muse;
At and for the price Of Sll.27, being the
taxes and penalties due on said property
Tor the year 1910, and costs.
You are also notified that unless the
above amount Of said purchase price, to-
gether with 20 per cent added as penalt.
i not paid within ONE YEAR from tl.r
date of filing tax deed for record, thai
the title to said property will vest abso-
Iutely in me.
You are further notified that said tax
deed is of due record in Conveya ce Book
s'P'' page 203 Of the Records OF lenses
Parish, La.
This notice is in conformity Of Act No.
324 Of 1910 of the General Assembly OF
the State Of Louisiana.
MARTIN JACOBY.
Newellton, La, July Sth, I9ll.
NOTICE OF FINAL ACCOUNT.
State of Louisiana, Parish of Tensas,
10th District Court.
succession Of Dennis Bryant. decd.
PUBLIC NOTICE 10 hereby given
that J. e. Farlow. Administrator OF
the succession of Dennis Bryant. de-
ceased, has filed his Final Account
and Tableau of Distribution In said
Succession.
Now, therefore, unless written OF :
position be made thereto within I, n
days, in the Office Of the Clerk Of abo, 9
Court. the same will be homologated,
as prayed for.
Witness my hand and seal this 18th
day OF July. A. ID. 1911.
[SEAEl JOSEPH CURRY,
Clerk 10th District Court.
ju'yl4-3t
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-07-14
$50. REWARD!

A REWARD Of $4,000 will be paid for
information which will lead to the con-
yiction OF any person stealing corn from
the field on the 'Duckpond'' plantation.
: lSIGNEDl ROB'T. WORRELL.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-07-14
Lost, Strayed or Stolen.

ONE WHITE AND LEMON POINT
Err DOG. Large; tail cut off to about
8 inches long; white predominating
Answers to name Joe" Suitable re-
ward.
r. H. WHITNEY, st. Joseph, La.
June 22, 1911.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-07-14

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. that tres
~ passing Of any nature on that part 81
''LOAMLANDo plantation belonging to the
undersigned. Is prohibited and violators win
be vigorously prosecuted; and this specially
applies to hunters.
Yerington times. [volume] (Yerington, Nev.) 1907-1932, 1911-06-24
Huge Reclamation Project

One of the largest reclamation pro-
jects undertaken in Nevada was recorded
at the State Land Office at Carson last
Saturday when a party of business men
of Tonopah filed on los 600 acres of land
under the Carey Act The land lies on
the flats below Tonopah and near the
town OF Millers, and extend north to the
San Antoine Valley. Experiment in that
vicinity have proven that water can be
secured by artesian methods at little
depth. 1t is believed that an under
ground river can be tapped.
1t is understood that as fast as water
can be secured in sufficient quantities the
laad will be sold to settlers i'll practically
the same manner as was observed i'll and
around Las Vegas. In that section thou
sands of acres were taken up under the
Carey Act and a number of sections are
now under cultivation.
Yerington times. [volume] (Yerington, Nev.) 1907-1932, 1911-06-24
The PASSING OF A
CELEBRATED FARM

The handsome home of the late Cow
ernor Sparks has passed into new hands.
W. ii. Mofat, the cattle man, has pur-
chased the place for his future home.
AT the time of the death of Governor
Sparks 1t was believed that he left a
fortune. On the contrary, lie left lot
OF debts, the home was mortgaqed and
eventually passed from the hands of his
widow to that of Mrs. Thoma. Several
attempts were made to purchase the
property and make club house of the
same. 1t is said the consideration was
$50 600.
During the life of Governor Sparks
his home was an open house. His gen
crosby knew no bounds and every friend
was welcome. 1t was modelled and
maintained on the plans of the southern
plantation. There were few in the po-
litical or social world who did not at
some time share the generosity of the
Governor and partake of his board and
bowl.
At one time the master of Alamo
owned the finest herd of Hereford cattle
i'll the world. He went the limit i'll
keeping the strain at the top notch, and
those who were interested in fine breeding
visited him and consulted. His fine
cattle, like the rest of his belongings,
have scattered. Everyone will remem-
Der the elk paddock that he maintained,
while number of buffalo were to be
seen grazing on his pastures.
No one ever knew John Sparks but
regret to learn of the passing of his
possessions to others than his family.
His hospitality left an indelible mark
Upon the recent visit of ex-President
Roosevelt to this State, the first party he
asked to meet was the widow of Gov
ernor Sparks. His wish was granted.
There is no man in the history of
Nevada who left as kindly a feeling as
did John Sparks. No matter who owns
the home and its cultivated areas it will
always be known as the home of Cover
nor Sparks. Carson Appeal.
Yerington times. [volume] (Yerington, Nev.) 1907-1932, 1911-06-24
SOUTHERN PACIFIC
USES PURE WATER

The Blue Canyon water, upon which
the train crews of the Southern Pacific
Company overland route have thrived
and grown fat, has been placed i'll the
dining cars over the entire Southern
Pacific System. 1t has been common
gossip among the Southern Pacific train
men for years that the Sacramento divis-
ion men owe their portly appearances to
the drinking of the water from Blue
Canyon.
For all trains on the Sacramento divis-
ion running eastward sand westward, the
supply of water will be taken on the diners
as the trains stop at that station. On the
other division of the system the water
will be transported in special containers.
In this way the diners on all of the
Southern Pacific dining cars are to enjoy
the best drinking water to be found i'll
the west. The Southern Pacific COM
pany has had chemists at work for years
endeavoring to find the purest water.
In hundreds of places along the lines
has water been found that could not be
excelled for drinking purposes, water
free to a large extent from alkalis, but it
has been difficult to find water that was
entirely or nearly entirely, free from
incrustations. Blue Canyon water comes
from a small lake and spring at the
summit of the Sierra Nevada Mountains.
1t is nearly chemically pure but the sup
ply is not sufficient for locomotive use.
The Blue Canyon water contains only
fortv-seven hundredths of a grain of
alkali, one and seventy-hve hundredths
of grain of incrusting solids, or a total
of two and twenty two hundredths grains
of solids to the gallon. The incrusting
solids are harmful to the engine boilers
if there is any great PERCENTAGE of them
in the water used i'll locomotives, but the
water used by the Southern Pacific en-
gines is carefully tested at different times
during the year aud if found to contain
any incrustation, chemical compounds
are added to nullify the effects.