The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-11-28
YELLOW FEVER
Continued From Page Nine)

! these insects, has decided that Culex
/ fasciatus is not to be contained in
| the genus CuleX, but on account of
scale structure and other structural
/ peculiarities it must be placed in an
other genus, which has received the
| name Stegomyia. 1t is the female of
one particular species, Stegomyia fas.
ciata, which DR.. Reed made use of in
! his experiments up yellow fever, and
which, as we shall presently see, he
demonstrated to be the intermediate
/ host for the parasite of the disease.
The malarial mosquito belongs to
another genus, namely Anopheles,
founded by Meigen in 1918. There are
three species of Anopheles in the
! United States: A. macuipennis Mel
ven, A. punctipennis Say, and A. cru.
clans WED 1t is not known whether
the insect was introduced ftJm Eur
Ope to America or the referse. 1t Is
quite within the bounds of possibility
that malaria was originally an Euro
pean disease, and that not only was
the disease itself carried from there
on sailing vessels, but the mosquito
which propagated it as well-at any
rate to America.
The following description of Stegom-
via fasciata, its appearance habitat,
and breeding places is abridged from
Dr. Reeds account Of it:
This mosquito is rather a striking
looking insect. 1t has conspicuous
markings OF broad, semilunar, sill
very stripe on the lateral surface of
the thoraN. and whTte stripes at the
bases of The tarsal joints. Four
- stripes Of silvery scales seen on the
y posterior surface of the thoraX distin-
guish this species from all others, eX-
y cert Stegomyia signifer. 1t has a
=. widespread distribution being found
- i'm all the principal cities Of Cuba, as
, well as in almost all the southern
-, countries of Europe and the Southern
= States of this country. Its breeding
", places are in rainwater barrels or sag
- ging cutters containing water. and, IN
+ deed, in all places where stagnant
:. water has collected The female lays
her eggs during the night, eXtruding
them on the surface of the water in
pairs, in groups of three or more, or
singly. The number of eggs deposited
-, varies from twenty TO about seventy
five. They are jet black in color and,
to the naked eye, cylindrical in shape.
Under a low power of the microscope
= the surface of the egg is seen to be
marked by tolerably regular siX-sided
plates. each of which has a little round
elevation in the center, that gives the
surface a rOughened appearance. The
eggs are singularly resistant to eXter-
! nal influences. Dried eggs can be cas-
= lily Matched at the end of three
months and freezing does not destroy
their fertility. The eggs are laid
after a meal of blood after an inter
val varying from two to thirty days
, as rule within seven days-ani un,
der favorable conditions of warmth ii
e., summer temperaturs) they begin
to hatch on the third day. The larval
stage occupies seven to eight days and
the pupal stage about two days. The
impregnated female Dites at a TEN,
perature of 62 deg F. and above, bat
at a lower temperature even very
hungry females will not bite; the un.
impregnated female does not appear
to bite at all.
= Unlike culeX pungens, this mosquito
bites by day as well as by night