davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1911-10-01
BY r. WALDEN.

requests as a text for what L am about
30 write.
Dwarfs are of two kinds, first, those
that are naturally so and secondly.
those that are made so by the skill
of man. Prof. L. IL. Bailey. the
noted horticulturist, in his book
entitled "The Pruning Book" page
269. both defines what dwarf is and
points out the two kinds in the fol-
lowing quotation: dwarf plants
are those which do not attain to the
normal or habitual stature of the
species or variety to which they be-
long. There are two general cate
gories of dwarf plants, dwarf vari-
cites and dwarf individuals. The
former class retains it's dwarfness OF
itself, without artificial aid. 1t is
the nature Of such plants to be dwarf.
The manner Of their origin is usually
obscure. and it appeals to the plant
breeder. The second class is forced
to be dwarf by some treatment which
is applied to each individual plant.
Plants are dwarfed by three means:
By grating or budding on a slow
growing root.
By combining the tops by means of
pruning or training.
By combining the roots by means OF
pruning or by growing in pots, boxes
or other restricted place.
This extract very clearly sets forth
what a dwarf is, and how it may be
produced by artificial means. 1t we
wish to produce dwarfs by grating
or budding, then we must select some
slow growing variety on which to
work. For dwarting apples we use
the Paradise or Doucin as the stock.
For dwar6ng pears we may use the
apple as stock, but as the union
between stock and scion is almost
invariably bad, this method OF dwarf
ing the pear is very rarely practiced.
| would not recommend it. The
usual method of dwarfing the pear is
to graft or bud on ounce roots. For
dwarfing the cherry use the Mahaleb
stock. 1t is a rare thing to grow
dwarf cherries and [ would not
recommend it for commercial pur
poses. In dwarfing the apple or the
pear we must never think that the
work is completed when we have
selected the proper stock and per-
form ed the operation. We must
supplement this with such pruning
as helps in the work of dwarfing.
This pruning must be done on the
top or on the roots. TO properly
understand this we must understand
the function of the roots, in plant
growth and also the function of the
leaves in plant growth. Rob tree of
it's roots or its leaves and death is
the inevitable result. All the food
material on which a tree lives and
grows must come in through the newer
parts of the roots consisting in most
part of fine root hairs except the
carbon that enters through the leaves.
So If we prune the roots of tree to
the extent that there are no new roots
including the root hairs we will AS
effectually kill it as we would man
if we were to sew up his mouth so
that no food could enter his system.
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1911-10-01

certainly kill tree by keeping all
leaves from growing as we would a
man if we removed his stomach COM
! pletely. The food material on which
] tree grows is forced through the
root hairs and the newest parts of
the roots by osmotic pressure and up
| to the leaves where nourishing food
is manufactured and then carried to
the growing points.
If we check the growth of a tree, we
| to that extent dwarf it, but we may
check growth by shutting off the
supply of food materials that come in
through the roots. The smaller the
root surface, other things being equal,
the less food materials the tree will
have upon which to grow. Hence,
root pruning tends to dwarting trees.
But the food materials forced into
the tree through it's roots can not do
the tree any good as nourishment till
they combine with the carbon coming
in from the air through the openings
in the leaves. This combining is
called by plant Psychologist ''sap
elaboration" and this elaborated sap
is the only thing that can build up a
tree. A tree without leaves must
soon be without elaborated sap and
will starve to death. Hence, such a
system of top pruning as will greatly
lessen the leaf surface Of tree will
dwarf it. From this survey we con-
clude that though we dwarf our trees
by grating or budding on slow grow
ing varieties, we must assist them by
pruning either the roots or the tops
or both to such an extent as to check
growth. Put it any way we may
choose, we are forced to the con-
clusion that dwarfing is essentially a
starvation process. A child that lives
where the air is impure and has poor
unwholesome food will be stunted in
growth; will have skinny, unhealth
full appearance, it will be a dwarf.
1t is criminal to grow dwarf children,
but there is no moral turpitude in
dwarting a tree. The only question
that is pertinent is, will it pay?
All that is said above brings us to
the question, why should we dwarf
our trees? A number of answers can
be returned to this question. One
is, that dwarting is practiced for
ornamental purposes. This kind of
dwarting is very rarely practiced in
America. The Chinese and the
Japanese are the real experts at
ornamental dwarfng. Think of being
invited to dine with a wealthy Jap
and on entering the dining room you
see an apple or pear or cherry tree,
or possibly all three kinds loaded with
fruit on the table as ornaments. These
Chinese and japanese dwarfs are
made so by combining the roots OF the
trees in boxes or pots, thus cutting
off the supply of food materials.
Many of these dwarf trees are but a
foot or two high. They are orna-
mental, but not profitable as pro-
ducers of fruit. They are curiosities
and nothing more. Americans who
are looking to the practical side of
things are not likely to look with
favor on this kind OF dwarfing.
There is, however, practical side
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1911-09-08

Our new Pail stock u now complete
Al the nsw shapes In Neck Pieces
and Maffs A full iiue o. French
i.yns. Opowuan. EAften Squirrel. Jap
MAX. Brook Mink consg and other
furs ia several new styles
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1911-09-08

Have your bills collected. West
crn Collection Co. 435 n. Y. Block
Main cleo. go
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1911-09-08

W offff tE90Afh~
= Los ANGELES. Sept S. 4
4 Hermann Cassidy. Il. today 4
= owes bis freedom 20 his ability
- 10 recite the Ten Command
= msnfs from memory When 4
= Mrs Cassidy complained that
4 the boy was incorrigible. 4
4 Judge Hutton ruled that he 4
= must report every two weeks I
= until he was able to repeat the 4
= words Of Moses 10 tablets
4 without a mistake.
4 Il can do that now. re 4
. sponded the lad. and when he 4
= made good. Judge Hutton told 4
= Hermann 70 40 home and obey :
= his maternal parent
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1911-09-08

~ I'll not eost yoa snrthins 10 r.eSs
u and 60 Ne absolutely ssttsft~6 oncs
sui Ter ali thst this 10 the rnDst uondsr-
fui treatment that yoa haze ever usee
OF heard u for msklnx the hair afos
cut On . bald head. ~hefs yea rrsessls
shorHhf q as Impossible 20 maze the
hss grow out again u 10 raarsesus
Here are sams az the hair and s<sip
diseases the -xx issrs-s treatment sfeps
,asai1tsiyg zee ~ ysss ueeess " IN the
aDas
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1911-09-08

SEE .ns o. 20 sssu.s are Ter s.n ~
reeomnseasa " n
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1911-09-08

psspsis. ~ Sharply sessins yses name
sna address - the s~issso Mar Rsr~say
ce,. Mss y. O. Square. Cincinnati. ohse.
ara snesesiss zee ts ssip pay eess Il
psskias. postage stc. Hus3feas have
ts<n ~cntsffoilv ssasntssd ty the ~
coat bottle axsss IL
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1911-06-24

~-"For Sale" cards at Bulletin. 4.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1911-06-24
Cable News
FOR STRAIGHT
RECIPROCITY


WASHINGTON. ID. G.. June 23.-At
an informal conference of twelve Dem
ocratic Senators today II developed that
the Democrats are in favor of the
Canadian reciprocity agreement as 1t
came from the House.
II was asserted this evening that tho
Democratic Senators who took part In
this informal caucus are willing to vote
down any amendments to the agree
ment aud are solid for straight reci-
procity.
Resubr,it Constitutions.
II is announced that the Senate com
mittec on Territories viii probably rec
ommend favorably tomorrow the House
resolution resubmitting the constltu-
tions of Arizona and New Mexico Ia
the people of those Territories.
The principal change desired by Con-
grcss In these constitutions Is In re-
gard to the recall feature in connection
with the judiciary. II is insisted that
this feature he eliminated.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1911-06-24
CENTRAL UNION CHURCH.

Two visiting ministers will occupy
the pulpit of Central Union Church
on Sunday.
At the morning service Rev. Ed.
ward b. Turner, pastor of the Maka'
wac Union Church at Paia, Maui, will
preach on "The Touch of Faith.
using for his text Mark 5:27.
At the evening service at 1880 y
IN. the Rev. Rowland r. Dodge, pas
tor of the Wailuku Union Church vii
speak.
The quartet consisting of Miss Ed
it'll Rosslyn Collais, soprano; Mrs
Charles s. Weight, alto: Mr.. Arthur
Wall, tenor; Mr. George A. Brown
bass; will furnish music at both ser
vices.
The Bible School will meet as
usual at $3.50 a. m. with superinten
dent Bowen In charge.
The topic of the Christian Endeav
or meeting In the Parish House Al
$3.50 will be IAN Evening with Mis-
sions In South America"
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1911-06-24
KING VISITS U. S. FLEET
Frederick of Denmark Spends
Two Hours Admitting Ships,

. COPENHAGEN. May %. - King
Frederick this afternoon visited the
ships of the American squadron in
this harbor
Accompanied by Crown Prince
Christian, Prince Waldemar and
Prince George of Greece. he cncircled
the Louisiana, Kansas. New Hamp.
shire. South Carolina and then board.
ed the flagship OF Rear-Admiral Badg.
or.
King Frederick and the prince
spent two hours among the feet Wis
ting all the vessels and greatly adj
miring the ship-shape appearance OF
the men-of-war.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1911-06-24
LATTER DAY SAINTS, REoRGAN
lied.

Church on King street near Thomas
Square.
GAS a. m. Sunday School. Glasses
In both Hawaiian and English. Les
son June %, quarterly review.
II a. m. Morning worship. Sermon
In Hawaiian and English,
600 D. m, lions Religio-Literary
Society Lesson June 25, quarterly re-
view. Also musical and religious pro
gram.
1880 p. m. Evening worship. Ser
mon in English.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1911-06-24

Patronize home industry. Pure old IIa-
waiian gin. made under the supervi-
sion of the u. $. Govt. obtainable
only at the Occidental Bar, King and
Alakea. 49i9-6m
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1911-06-24
GRAND BANQUET
A. TEMPLE BAR

LONDON. June GAS part of the
coronation festivities today, Sir Edward
Grey entertained tonight at great
dinner I'm the foreign office the royal
family and special representatives of
the nations.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1911-06-24

my OLD KENTUCKY HOME"
You viii find true Southern hospitality
at the Kentucky Saloon. Alakea, be-
tween Merchant and Queen SITS.
49f7-1m
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1911-06-24
MANILA CIGARS.
-
MASSAGE.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.

At sacrifice, these instruments: 1 BUS
mead piano. $125; Chickering, $3.50;
/ German upright, $50. J, Sheridan
1862 Hotel, piano tuner and repairer
4952-lm
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1911-06-24
FOUND.

You can meet him at the Mint Saloon
"a nice cool bottle. Come and see.
Nuuanu St., between Pauahi and
Beretania. 493s-1m
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1911-06-24
SITUATION WANTED.

Position wanted by first class practical
milllncr, Just arrived from Coast,
Highest references. Apply p. o. Box
IS. 1855 St
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1911-06-24
HAT CLEAN ERs.

European hat cleaners. Old hats
cleaned and repaired. like new. Del
fin Montalba, Kamanuwai lane, near
Beretania. 4943-2m
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1911-06-24
FURNITURE REPAIRING.

Little" John Rodrigues - Cabinet
maker. Picture framing and furni-
ture repairing. String instruments
repaired. Miller and .Punchbowl.,
4s5P-Sm
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1911-06-24

" sskIy BuIletiB 81 per year.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-06-10
sIGouRNEY.

Mr.. and Mrs. A. M. Richmond who
have been touring on the Pacific coast
for the past four months arrived home
Monday morning, coming home by way
of Alberta, Canada where Mr.. Rich
mond has large holdings OF real estate.
Mrs. Mary V. Anthem from eKota
was Sigourney visitor Saturday with
friends and relatives.
Mrs. ]. G. Tufts from near Keota
was a Sigourney business caller Mon.
day.
Mr.. and Mrs. W. d. Beatty who have
spent the past three months at JOY,
Illinois closing out large general
store returned home Saturday Of last
week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Walter Cline from Col.
umbus Junction were over Sunday
visitors with the formers parents, Mr..
and Mrs. D. O. Cline.
Former Congressman D. w. Hanlil-
ton arrived home Monday morning,
having been out in the ninth con.
gressional district for the past week
making speeches for the democratic
con .;ressional nominee.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-06-10
ALBA.

In the district court yesterday the
case OF Erastus Forsythe VS.. Emma
Chisman ct al, was dimissed at the
defendants costs and $1,000.
Permits to wed were granted yester
day to Earl L. Broshar, "a, and Myrtle
M. Bishop, rs, Moravia; Robert e
Cummins, 28, and Catheryn McGrath
%, Melrose, and William c. Moody
81. Abba. and Miss Edna Long, "a
Hamilton.
A number Of Albians went to Mel
rose yesterday in automobiles to at
tend meeting of the Blue Grass
road committee.
George Mccormick of Ft. Collins
Colo, is visiting relatives and friends
in Abba.
Miss Fay Burke of Hiteman, was at
Abba yesterday.
DR.. Austin Peppers Of Avery, was N
Abba on professional business Mon
day.
A smoke will be the form in which
Albia's business men will celebrate
the recent securing of the Iowa Min
ers' headquarters.
Charles Nick of Bussey transacted
business at Abba yesterday
Miss Elizabeth Savage returned yes
terday from visit with parents at OF
tumwa.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-06-10

It used to be thought that cross,
nervous person had bad DISPOSE
ion Now 1t is known that a ner-
Gus condition often results from
sidney trouble.
There is great deal Of uric ncid
made in the human body. 1t is the
duty Of the kidneys to filter off this
uric acid, but when the kidneys arc
weak, the poison is peddled about the
body by the blood and it irritates
the whole nervous System, causing
headache, dizzy spells, fits of blues"
neuralgia attacks, rheumatic pain,
weak eyesight, dull, tired days, and
a constant inclination to worry over
tribes.
You feel as II you can't stand any
noise about you. The little ones often
wonder what makes mother so cross
md nervous. The business man is
ll.tempered with his help, and makes
big fuss over every little thing that
goes wrong.
Another effect Of uric poisoning is
iropsy, or bloating-puffy pouches
,elow the eyes, swollen wrists, ankles
md limbs.
Kidney trouble makes urination IT.
'egular, passages too frequent, or
oanty and painful, and gradually
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-06-10
,.PT. OF ENGLISH
! BOAT is ARRESTED
u Life Preservers on Boat Sunk
w0ff Panama Coast; Cattle SIAM
h pede Lifeboat.

Jew York, June S.-Some details
ahe sinking of the steamship Taboga
e,the coast of Panama fortnight
have just reached this city. More
81 a score of the passengers and
sv lost their lives. Eighty were
Fed. The captain, an Englishman
led Campbell, who was the last
II to leave the ship alive and the
at Matthews, are under arrest in
cana City.
.ccording to statements made there
Ne but three life preservers on the
st. AS the boat was sinking, the
md engineer, Perivanchi, and a
van manufacturer, Gregoire, though
ble to swim, stated that they would
crowd the already heavily taxed
boats. When there were not a
han or child left on the ship and
an another human being could be
,ied in the life boats they calmly
Ted cigarettes and smoked until
steamship settled. The body of
her was found.
herd of steers stampeded from the
rs, when the vessel struck and
shed life boat which was just
IL lowered. Nearly every person
0e boat was drowned, and many
they fell, were crushed under the
halls. Two passengers, however,
ID the cattle good swimmers and
ashore upon the backs of bull,
q.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-06-10
L;BERTYVILLE.

Mr. and Mrs. Eyestcne visited We'd
nesday in Ottumwa.
Miss Nellie Under is home to spend
her vacation with her parents.
Glen Cupp and Mr.. Carter Of Milton
visited one day last week at the Jonn
Coleman home.
Miss Margaret McGaw of Fairfield is
spending the week with her sister Mrs
G.. Vaught
The. ladies Of the Presbyterian
church will give tea Thursday after
noon at the home of Mrs. Homer Top
pings south of Libertyville.
Mr.. ana Mrs. j. A. Copeland ana
daughter of Coldridge, NeOr., are here
visiting at the Ora Peebler home ana
with other relatives.
Children's day will be observed al
the Methodist church Sunday evening
Miss Inez Huffman visited a few
DAYS with her grandparents in Ba-
tavia.
Mrs. Fred Dovenspick and son are
visiting relatives in Stockport.
Mrs. James Peeblcr and children are
spending the week with her parents
MIR. and Mrs. Jim Acton.
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Dyer and son
of Batavia spent Sunday with rela-
tives in Iibertyville
Mr.. and Mrs. John Glotfelty and MT
and Mrs. Under were calling IN falr-
field Tuesday.
Russell Potts of Eidon was visiting
in Libertyville Tuesday.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-06-10
.ARIMORE divine
WEEDS MISS WITT
~. CARNEY MARRIES CHARLTON
YOUNG WOMAN AT CHRIST
IAN CHURCH..

Charlton, June S.-A quiet wedding
as solemnized at the Christian
urch yesterday afternoon at 1880
clock, the contracting parties being
ev. Ira e. Carney of Larimore, Okla,
Id Miss Vera Witt, OF Pleasant
wnship, this county. The ceremony
as performed by Rev. Bennett and
as witnessed by about twenty-five
latives and friends. The bride was
tired in dainty and becoming
;wn Of white embroidered batlste.
ne couple left last evening for
|sit in Lake City and Eldora. after
4aich they will go to Larimore, Okla,
,ere is pastor of the Christian
sturch and where they will reside. He
danot an entire stranger here, having
Chducted meetings at Columbia some
le ago. The bride is daughter of
vi. and Mrs. G.. C. Witt, of Pleasant
teynship, and for some time has been
..e Of our efficient school teachers.
lie is a charming and intelligent
ung lady and will preside over her
WV home with queenly grace. They
C.l have the best wishes of a large
upnber Of Lucas county friends.
ST
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-06-10
lie HTON Will
VISIT 0TTUMWA
FORMER RESIDENT WILL RENEW
AcQUAlNTANcEs WITH OLD
FRIENDSHIP LAND BUSINESS

William r. Lighton, formerly OF
Ottumwa, and now engaged in railroad
work in Arkansas, will be in this city
within few days. He comes to meet
and talk with persons who may be
interested in home-making or invest
ment opportunities in the southwest.
Persons desiring to meet him may ad-
dress him in care of the Courier.
Mr.. Lighton was an OttumNa boy
in the sos. He Is now operating a
stock farm in Arkansas. His "Story
of an Arkansas Farm" in the Saturday
Evening Post last year attracted much
attention to the State among northern
and western people and led to the
states awakening.
Mr.. Lighton has done much maya
zine work His serial story, BILLY
Fortune and the Able-Minded Lady"
which was recently concluded in the
Saturday Evening Post. is to be drama
tized for next season.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-06-10
Clerks Handle 100000 Pieces.

Davenport, June 8.-The clerks at
the Davenport postof11ce handled l.
953,24S pieces of mail during the month
of May. The carriers during that
same period collected and delivered
1,439,O50 pieces of mail of all classes.
These figures will give the portof-
flee patron an idea of the volume of
mail that is received and delivered at
the local office. May, at that was a
comparatively light month. Had the
department ordered the official count
to take place in March, which was a
record breaking month at the post.
Office, the oflcials declare that it il
safe to assert that the quantity of mail
handled would have been nearly twice
as much as the above figures indicate
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-06-10

brings on attacks Of gravel, stone IN
the kidney or bladder.
You can't afford to neglect weak
kidneys as there is danger Of fatal
Bright's disease, or diabetes.
Doan's Kidney Pills strengthen
sick kidneys, cure backache, regulate
the urine and restore the normal
blood-flltering action Of the kidneys.
This drives out uric acid and ends
uric poisoning. Plenty OF proof In
the cases cured right here In your
own city. Investigate this case:
Ottumwa Proof.
Mrs. q. Harry, near Riverview addi.
ton, Ottumwa, Iowa, says:
"Over fifteen years ago I discovered
this wonderful curative powers OF
Doan's Kidney Pills, and am glad to
say that the relief they brought me at
that time has been permanent. take
pleasure in confirming my former
public endorsement Of this remedy.
For years had attacks of backache
and pain throughout my body. My
bladder was affected and the secre.
lions from my kidneys showed that
these organs were at fault. was not
helped until I procured Doan's Kid.
ney Pills at Sargent's drug store. This
preparation soon cured me-"