davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-30
USE WINDMILL IN IRRlGATINc
Usual Plan Is to Get Good supply OF
Water From Surface Tank
How to Apply.

A reader in the lower Panhandle OF
Texas asks for Information In regard
to the possibility of irrigating gar
den Of an acre or more with wind
mills. The crops which he wishes to
raise are onions, sweet potatoes and
peanuts. An ineAhaustible supply OF
water can be had at a depth of about
As feet and the winds are very strong,
especially in the spring.
The usual plan is to get good
supply of water from a surface tank.
writes H. H. Harrington in the Farm
and Preside. These tanks are usual
ly made by scraping the dirt from
the outside, SO as to form an en-
bankment and an inner enclosure OF
whatever size is desired, say from
30 feet to 100 feet in diameter.
The soil on the inside is not scraped
out. because 1t has been found that.
as rule, the tank will hold water
better by leaving this soil undis-
turbed.
The soil Is very rich and fertile
when water Is applied, and COM
paratively small amount of water Is
all that Is needed. While making the
levee. pipe with valve or cutoh
Is placed in the embankment, and
when 1t is desired to irrigate, the
water is simply turned on from this
pipe, and by little surface bitches con-
veyed to the garden or small field,
where needed. Sometimes difficulty
may be found by the water sinking
into the ground through hole and
refusing to pass along the surface
ditch. This can usually be remedied
by tamping the ditch with q little mud
by means of a hoe. II this fails, q
short plank trough will carry the wa
ter over the sink-hole.
Perforated tile would undoubtedly
be better means of conveying this
water, much less water being re-
Quired. This tile can be made from
concrete for use where there Is little
or no alkali, as Is the case on the low
er plains of Texas. Any kind Of gar
den vegetables may be raised with
advantage. Sweet potatoes require
much less water than onions.
Watermelons will usually be found
paying crop, because one or two 1r
rigations will be sufficient.
In the same way peanuts will be
profitable, but sweet potatoes would
be the most profitable. The water Is
usually passed down the rows, and
the ground must not be allowed to be
come too dry before the first irr1ga
ton. Otherwise, the tendency is te
escape beneath the surface and not
pass along the dead furrow on the
surface. One good windmill and tanl
should irrigate as much as Ave acres
J if properly handled.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-30
IRRIGATION FOR AN ORCHARD
Watering Of Trees During First Sea.
son After TranspIanting Done
Through burrows.

Gently sloping hand is preferred ir.
rigated orchards. A fall of ten to
twenty feet to the mile insures good
drainage and the soil Is not eroded
by small streams of water. On very
fat slopes the excess water from ir.
rigation has frequently to be remov-
ed by artificial means and on very
steep slopes the difficulties Of apply.
ing water are much greater
Farrow and basis irrigation are the
usual methods employed, but the for
mer Is more common. In setting out
land for commercial orchards Sec
ton is usually divided first into ten
acre tracts The lateral bitches sup
ply the divisions, and individual
owners control the respective tracts.
When the width of driveways is
deducted the length of the tract by
trees is seldom more than 600 feet.
This distance governs the length of
the burrows The watering of orch.
ard trees during the first season after
transplanting is most commonly done
through two burrows spaced four feet
ON each side of the tree. AS the roots
expand more burrows are necessary.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-30
Save the Feathers.

In the raising Of ducks and geese
the feathers represent one of the
main sources of profit We always
save them. therefore. to be used at
home or marketed. says a writer in
an exchange. Although not command
ing so large price, chicken feathers
are worth something and should be
saved. as we'll as the feathers of wa
terfowl They also represent a clear
profit. Few poultrymen in this Sec
,tion. however save their chicken
feathers, possibly because they do not
realize that there is a market for
them These feathers can be used at
home to good advantage in the max
ing Of chair cushions, pillows. etc.
Whenever we dress fowls. whether
for market or for home use. We
spread the feathers out to, dry in the
sun, where they will not be disturbed
by wind The large and stiff feathers
from wings and tails are the only
ones that we do not find use for.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-30
CAUSE OF CHESTNUT BLIGHT
Whitening Of Trees Is Result Of Bor-
Ing by Insect Between Outer
and Inner Bark.

Thomas Davy Candy OF Langhorne,
near Philadelphia, declares that he
has discovered the cause of the blight
which Is whitening chestnut trees in
the middle and south Atlantic states.
A boring beetle, one-sixteenth OF an
inch long. black in color. which lays
its eggs between the outer and the
inner barks, Is the primary cause. he
says. Grubs are Matched from the
eggs, and these penetrate the soft in
ner bark. following its course around
the tree trunk. Above the patch OF
the borer occurs the blighted appear
ance. Myriads of the tiny worms we're
found upon single tree upon Mr.
Candy's land, and the total result Of
their depredations was so extensive
that the tree, he says. appears to have
been scorched by fire. The blight has
become SO serious in Pennsylvania
that the legislature appropriated
$275,000 to a commission appointed
by the governor to Investigate the
cause of the disease and to devise
ways for exterminating it.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-30

verses we encounter, he enables us
to overcome them. So. while the pass
ing year has had its sorrows, we feel
that the joys have outweighed them,
and that we are still Gods debtors in
thanks for multitudinous blessings.
Let US show our gratitude for all of
these mercies by reaching out help
ing hand to others who have been
less fortunate than ourselves. Re-
member the poor at Thanksgiving
the sick, the destitute, the hungry, the
unemployed. In every community
there are those to whom a kindly
word or generous hospitality would
bring a real touch Of the spirit of the
festival. Pass on your blessings. By
so doing, you will make your own
heart the lighter. your own home the
brighter and your own Thanksgiving
table more enjoyable to all who sit
around it.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-30

~ 0OWSUdO0 TIdUS 0t0UOs
when weighted down with pots it will
be subject to considerable strain when
moved, and flimsy framework
would soon come apart and the stand
collapse, plants and all.
OF course, such a stand can be
made of any size to fit the window.
writes Sylvanus Van AIKEN in the
Orange-Judd Farmer. When one de-
sires to make the room more at
tractive for party 1t may be
wheeled away and placed against
the wall, the shelves facing
the room. It will thus provide bank
OF plants and flowers. Its portability
is also great advantage on cold
nights, since it saves the labor OF NOV
ing pots one by one, as is necessary
where stationary plants or tables
without casters are used.
In summer, when plants go out of
doors, it may be set against the side
of the house in a sheltered place. and
1t will be as useful as indoors.
The design illustrated herewith is
two feet high, two feet from front to
back, and three feet long at the back.
The shelves are each eight inches
wide and three inches deep. The top
one Is three feet long, the middle two
and one-half feet long and the bottom
two feet long. These shelves should
be covered with couple OF inches OF
sand, in which the pots are to be
plunged. If this sand Is kept moist 1t
will prevent unusual drying of the
soil in the pots. The whole frame.
work should be mounted on casters
preferably Of iron, and braces should
be placed at the back and across the
bottom, as shown in the drawing.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-30
FOR KILLING PLUM CURCULI0
Earring Method Can 30 Advantage
ousIy Practiced-AIl Ladybugs
Should Be Liberated.

"The plum curculio winters In the
adult stage. emerging in the spring
just as the fruit buds begin to swell.
says Prof. j. G. Sanders, head OF the
economic entomology department OF
the College of Agriculture of the Uni
versity OF Wisconsin. Immediately,
It begins to feed on the young foliage
and fruit buds and should be treated
with strong spray of lead arsenate,
as this is the only stage at which an
arsenical poison is effective in controll-
ing The pest.
"The curculio is distinguished from
the plum gouger in that it never pene-
trates the fruit stone. The female
curculio deposits her eggs in crescent
shaped cuts, which she makes on the
surface of the fruit. Seven to ten days
later, the larvae emerge and about
two weeks after this they leave the
fruit, crawl into the ground, where
they spin cocoon and pupate. In
this stage of the life cycle the insect
of the orchard.
Where labor is cheap the Earring
method Of control Is advantageously
practiced." continued Prof. Sanders.
This system involves the use of a
canvas, held about waist high under
the tree, while the tree is Jared with
a padded pole, the curculios falling off
upon the canvas where they can be
sorted out and destroyed. Any lady
bugs which are shared by this method
should be liberated, as they are bene.
fetal parasites, which destroy injuri-
GUS fruit insects
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-30

An orchard neglected for one year
virtually puts it back three years.
The size of an apple can be infiu-
enced to quite large degree by pick
ing.
Keep the orchard clear of all dead
brush, 1t being harbor for Injurious
insects.
The cellar used for storing fruit
must be kept cooler than the vege-
table cellar.
The ideal time for picking apples is
a matter that must be settled to q
large degree by the individual.
The coolest weather does not kill
the insects. Therefore spraying is the
safest method OF killing them.
Pears and apples keep better II
picked a little green. Some pears rot
from the core outward II allowed to
ripen on the tree.
The first advantage of fall planting
Is that 1t induces the grower to get
his nursery stock earlier than II
planting In the spring.
Any kind of fruit tree will die when
planted in ground that Is all the time
saturated with water. The tile ditch
Is a necessity in such places.
Trees set out in the fall do better
when the winter is moderate, as the
ground is drier and the trees make q
greater growth the next season.
If your trees have been affected
with leaf blight during the summer.
spray them with bordeaux mixture
after the crop has been gathered.
Fall pruning Is better than no prun-
ing. II you have some hardy varie.
ties of fruit trees that need pruning.
there Is no danger in doing 1t In the
! fall
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-30
FARM NOTES.

Disk hard land thoroughly before
listing.
Many practices are followed in
saving seed corn.
Alfalfa should be sown soon after
oats or spring wheat seeding.
Burn all scrap papers. coffee
grounds. egg shells, and sweepings.
Winter onion sets should be plant
ed in the fall to give the best re-
suits.
A good method to use In caring for
seed corn ia to hang it up by the use
of strings.
The seed corn should be picked be-
fore frost and hung in a suitable
place for drying.
Now is the time that all farm build
ings should be fixed up for winter:
don't wait till snow flies.
Alfalfa can be threshed with an or.
binary clover huller the same as 9th.
er species of the clover plant
| 1t does not pay to buy commercial
fertilizers to supply what we have
wasted by ignorance or carelessness.
| If your soil has been shallow plowed
the best thing is to only go couple
inches deeper each fall until you reach
the desired depth.
1t is said that the production o.
farm yard manure In this country nov
represents value greater than thu
total value of the corn crop.
Brick and cement are about a
cheap as lumber and last many time
as long 1t is certainly waste 4
use much wood for floors or stills.
It costs from $25 to $40 an acre i
grow potatoes. In addition to thi
cost must be added the depletion q
the soil which 10 great in the case Q
the potato CROP.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-30
Thank Him for All.

"Giving thanks for all things unto
God."-Eph. v. 20.
Thanksgiving is the mark of a truly
religious man. If We are always beg
cling God for his mercies without ex.
pressing to him our sincere gratitude,
we become selfish in our demands. God
delights to impart his mercies to us,
but he also takes pleasure in our
gratitude to him for his benefits. Only
an appreciative heart is able to fully
enjoy Gods unfailing goodness. II
is certain that the more we tlv to
praise, the more we will see how our
path and our daily way are beset with
mercies, and that the God of love ia
aver watching to do US good.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-30
Success of Serum Treatment.

Antf-hog cholera serum has been
produced by the Purdue experiment
station for the past three years. About
$4,000 hogs have been vaccinated and
treated. The results of this work
have been highly satisfactory. Re-
ports sent to this station by farmers
who have used serum on their hogs
show that the average loss In the in
fected herds treated was 2.5 per cent
and following the vaccination of the
healthy herds in these infected 10
calities, 225 per cent.-Indiana Expert
ment Station.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-30
the earnest of Returning opportunity

the earnest Of returning opportunity
to labor. With what new eyes did
the people look upon that common.
place material! They met the wagon
in an exultant procession. They
Rugged the bales. At last, moved by
a common impulse, they broke out in
the noble hymn, "Praise God, from
whom all blessings fow." There are
in every life a thousand blessings,
now little noticed at all, of which If
We were deprived, their return would
be welcomed with equal transports.
But the going does not excuse US
from the sending any more than send
ing excuses us from going. If giving
still went by the rule of the tenth, as
in the scriptural days, then ten av.
erage Christians could anywhere con.
stitute themselves into a church and
support a pastor; and twenty could
support both pastor and mission
airy.
No work is done at it's best until it
is done in an atmosphere of thanks
giving. Beethoven understood this.
He had his piano placed in the mid
die of field, and there, under the
smiling sky, with birds singing around
him, flowers shining and grain glisten'
ing in the sun, the musician com.
posed some of his great oratories
Few of us can take our work into the
fields, though all Of us would carry
lighter hearts If We would live more
ont Of doors. HIT wa can all Of lls SIR
round our work with CHEEKY atmos
phere which our Father has breathed
into all his works.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-30


the heart so spontaneously pours out
its grateful tribute to the Father
above for all his goodness through the
year. And this applies equally to our
selves as a nation, as communities
and as individuals. For peace within
our borders, for generous harvests,
for the health and welfare of our COM
munities, we owe to God debt of
love and gratitude which finds express
sion in prayer, praise and the festivi-
ties appropriate to the annual festival
of Thanksgiving. We are usually SO
much engrossed with the active bust
| ness of life as a nation that we
leave too little time for reflection on
the divine goodness; yet every day
! we are surrounded by blessings.
/; Sleeping and waking, on the farm, in
the store, the office. the workshop.
we are still the objects Of his won
irous bounty and care. Whatever 70
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-30
METHOD OF C0LoRING WOOD
sues Effected by Injection Of
Matter Into Trees.

Staining wood after it has been
sawed, planed and converted into
woodwork or furniture is most or
binary procedure, but the staining of
the wood while the tree it composes
is alive and growing Is a departure
from old methods. The illustration
shows a device by which coloring
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-30
.SIlo Ia Necessary.

To the up-to-date and progressive
dairyman, and to the most advanced
cattle feeders. the use of the silo and
the feeding Of ensilage is recognized
rs being necessary to the greatest
auooess In their respective lines Ct
business
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-30
TO PROTECT AGAINST MICE
Paper Cylinder as Shown In IIIustra.
ton Will Prove Effective-Shouid
Be Removed In Spring.

Various methods are adopted to
protect young trees from being
marked by rabbits or mice. Wire
screens are expensive. but are also
most effective. Wood veneer fastened
around is a good protection II it can
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-30

matter Is injected into the tissues OF
the tree In such manner that it will
be distributed by the natural circu-
lation OF the sap. thus effecting a. sub
stantial change in the color of the It's
sues with which 1t comes in contact.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-30
HORTICULTURE
ESn2QQ !
IS 81
PLANT STAND FOR A WINDOW
One That Can Be Moved Easily Is A.
ways In Demand-Can Be Con-
structed by Handy Person.

A plant stand that can be moved
easily is always in demand by who
ever grows flowers. The accompany
ing design can be constructed by any
one handy with tools. 1t should be
made in a substantial manner. for
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-30
F YOU are grateful,

? YOU are grateful,
say so. Thanks
giving is only half
thanksgiving till it
blossoms into ex-
preston. Learn a
lesson from the
noble-hearted Indi-
on in Wh0So vii
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-30
Distance for Apples.

Apple trees do best at a distance OF
TWO rods each way. unless 1t Is a va
riety that tends to grow upward rath-
sr than outward. Such trees may be
vet Is feet apart.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-30

o turk, you who strutted the summer away.
Abundant attention you re getting today,
We praise you beyond all the bird or fowl kind:
Our feelings to you with favor inclined.
We thanks too. give for you o creature of pride,
And all the fruits of the season beside
Though sighted YOU were, in the days that are past
Attention long due you are getting at last
Arthur j. Burdick, In Sunset Maeazi
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-30

THANKSGIVING day stands
out by itself on the calen-
dar. There is no other day
with so many delightful as
sociatiOns and tender men,
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-30
Protection Against Mice.

be readily procured. The illustration
shows paper cylinder held tight by
cord. 1t should be removed in spring.
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1911-03-09
Promp tly Confirmed.

The Senate on Thursday confirmed
the nominations of Judge WILDER c.
Denison TO be United States circuit
judge for the sixth tudiciaf circuit;
Alexis c. Angel, United States Judge
for the eastern district sf Michigan,
and Clarence w. Sessions, United
States judge for the western district
of Michigan. The judiciary commit
tee, abolishing all precedents. report
ed the three nominations without de.
lay Immediately after they had been
sent to the Senate by President Taft.
Under the ordinary course of pro-
cedure all judicial nominations go
oyer for week after they have been
sent in, but in view Of the approach
of the end Of the session Senator
William Alden Smith prevailed on
the members Of the judicial commit
tee TO make haste with the result that
the nominations Of the three were
acted on Immediately.
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1911-03-09
DONE AT SAGINAW
AND MUSKEG0N
The TWO PARTY CONVENTIONS
AND THE NOMINEES TO
BE VOTED FOR.
GOVERNOR OSBORN SPEAKS ON
RECIPROCITY; PLATFORM
IGNORES SUBJECT.
Features of the Political Gatherings
Held at Saginaw and the City
of Muskegon.

The Republican state convention,
held in Saginaw, was chiefly distin-
guishe6 by the address of Governor
Osborne strongly endorsing the pro-
posed reciprocity treaty with Canada.
His appeal, however, was unheeded
and there was no reference made to
the subject in the resolutions adopt
ed. The ticket nominated follows:
Justices of the supreme court
Russell C. Ostrander, Lansing, and
John e. Bird. Adrian.
Regents of the university mia
Lucius l.. Hubbard, Houghton.
Members state board of education
Thomas w Nadal, Olivet.
Superintendent of public instruc-
tion-l.uther H. Wright, Ironwood
Members state board Of agriculture
John w. Beaumont. Detroit. and
Jason Woodman. Paw Jaw
The election of United States SEN
ators by popular vote is endorsed in
these words:
This is said of the governor: Man
ly, courageous. well poised, Gov. Os-
born Is giving to the administration
OF state affairs an ability rarely equal
ed in executive performance in Mich
igan histaory" The platform con-
cades: Too strong commentator
cannot be made Of the announced pur-
pose of the governor and the appro-
priation committees of both Senate
and House TO refuse all special APP
preparations asked by state institu-
lions which are not absolutely essen
tial to their continued operation. In
the present state of finance in which
Michigan finds itself the most rigid
economy consistent with good public
service is demanded. We further
commend the determination of the
governor and legislature to include
in the present budget a sum suffi-
Client to cover the existing deficit
in the state treasury and thus re-
lieve the state from the humiliating
situation, financially, in which it has
been placed
I'VE recommend to the earnest con
sideration of the legislature the
adoption of a suitable and proper law
providing adequate compensation for
injured workmen.
I'VE commend to the oonsi-erat ion
of the legislature the passa Nj In
act giving 10 the state railro\ ~
mission powers of control oW
press rates similar TO those now
ercised over railroad freight rates.
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1911-03-09

Not only pleasant and rcfreshins to
the taste. but gently cleansing and sweet
enins to the system. Syrup Of Figs and
Elixir OF SIENNA is particularly adapted
to ladies' and children. and beneficial in
all cases in which wholesome. strength
snins and effective laxative should be
used. II is perfectly safe at all times and
dispels colds. headaches and the pain,
caused by indigestion and constipation 50
promptly and effectively that il is the one
perfect family laxative which gives salts
faction to all and is recommended by
millions Of families who have used il and
who have personal knowledge Of its ex-
cellence.
Its wonderful popularity. however. has
led INSCRIPTIONS dealers to offer imita-
lions which act unsatisfactory. There
fore. when buying. to get its beneficial
effects, always note the full name Of the
Company California Fig Syrup Co.
plainly printed on the front Of every
package Of the genuine Syrup Of Fig.
and Elixir Of SIENNA.
For sale by all leading druggists. Price
so cents per bottle.