The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-02-08

! cultural standpoint. He declared that
farm house and barn set out on
prairie, unsurrounded by trees lack
an element of permanency which the
tree alone can give. Plant trees,
beautify the farm and the sons and
daughters will stick by it.
Evening Program.
The evening program was one of
special interest, Dean Nj. A. Brannon
Of the university medical college and
head of the biological college giving
talk on PLANT Breeding" with the
use of a stereopticon. He was fol-
lowed by l.. w. Ellis, who spoke on
"The Evolution Of Plowing," another
address which was listened to with
great interest.
Dean Brannon in his clear and COM
prehensive manner showed his audi
ence just what is meant by plant
breeding and how the plant breeders
of the country are building up plant
life in general and producing species
that are far in advance of either of
the parents.
The speaker then went on to show
by slides how plant breeding works
out in vegetables, including corn,
fruits. flowers, trees and nuts.
! 1t was pointed out how often by
using the new species partaking some
times of the good qualities of both
and often times far SURPRISING either.
Prof. Saebbings assisted Dean
Brannon in the work of presenting
the subject of plant breeding and both
slides and the address attracted con-
siderable interest.
Ellis Address.
! Following Dean Brannons lecture
l.. w. Ellis of the NJ. Rumley COM
pany of LaPorte. Ind, gave an illus
| trated lecture on THE Evolution of
Flowing" The following is an alb
stract Of his remarks:
Flowing began when a savage
hunter gathering cereals for food, no.
ticed that the stalks were stronger
and more fruitful on land that had
been accidentally loosened by the
roofing of void hogs, and initiated
the hog by stirring the ground with a
stick. Possibly his crude war club,
pointed for the purpose, was the first
plow. Then the point widened to a
chisel, which accomplished more
work. Then the women of the tribe,
who Of course had to do the blowing.
began to insist that the tribal herds
had too easy life in comparison.
Thereupon the hunter took the fork
of sapling, tied the long end to the
horns of bull by rude thongs of
leather or reeds, and the age-long
/ servitude of our dumb animals be-
gan.
The pillow is out earliest and our
nohlest agricultural implement. Its
shape suggested the first letter of our
alphabet 1t is mentioned in the first
chapter of the first book of job, which
is the Oldest book in the old tesla
ment. The ancient Greeks had a
beautiful tradition to account for it's
origin. Virgil described it in his
writings and Horace's ode solemnly
warned the Roman empire against
the encroachment of the fish ponds of
the nobility upon the fields of the
peasants.
Came Slowly.
The improvement of the pillow came
slowly. The Romans began to use
iron to protect the wood. The Dutch
added handles. The English gave
shape to the moldboard and cast the
first iron plow. Thomas Jefferson.
third president of the United States.
reduced the design of the moldboar I'd
to mathematical principles and made
it possible to duplicate a good plow.
Jethro Wood produced the modern
moldboard. Deere gave us the steel
pillow, Oliver the chilled pillow, Cas-
sidy the. wheeled pillow and Hancock
the disc pillow. Now we have plows
for every soil and for every type of
power-the camel. the OK, the horse,
and finally the traction engine.
The pillow is made to cut and turn
the surface, some plows to pulverize
it. The action Of the pillow is to separ-
ate the furrow slice into then lay
ers. which, in sliding over each other,
crumble to pieces. 1t is like bending
a book so the leaves will slide over
each other The sharper the twist of
the moldboard, the more the pulveriz-
ing effect. The stubble pillow has the
sharp turn and the breaker long,
gentle curve. The disc pillow is in
some respects like plane. When a
thin shaving is cut, it curves up nice
\ ly. When too much is taken the plane
sticks and jumps. The user of disc
pillow should cut a narrow furrow and
a deep one to do the best work.
Until recently the power used for
SPSA oSAAo pAo"S Aoo UCCL l1lS Sdu1S
for thousands Of years. The horse
was not used for blowing until the
tenth century, A. D. Mechanical power
on the farm was developed first for
threshing. Then it was put to use
ahead Of the early walking plows.
Steam engines we're developed es-
pecially for blowing. and engine gang
plows kept pace with their develop
ment. Next the gasoline traction en-
CINE came into use, and finally the
kerosene engine, which handles the
heavier and more abundant fuels.
Spending Large Sums.
In common with many other COM
panies, the Rumely company is spend
ing millions of dollars to perfect suit
able engines for power blowing The
field for blowing engines is enormous.
Our own northwest, Canada. Russia
and the Argentine are calling for
power to develop their wheat lands.
Flowing consumes sixty per cent OF
the power required to raise and har-
vest wheat. With the shallow plow-
ing commonly practiced in blowing
for corn It takes forty-five per cent
Of the power required up to the time
corn ia laid nv Agricultural scfenf;ate