davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-06-18

is equally important, it remains to be seen
whether turtles bred and raised in captiv-
ity will themselves reproduce their kind
in captivity. 1t can readily be understood
that it will be at least four and probably
six or seven years before this can be
known with any degree of certainty.
Unlike the lobster breeders on the New
England coast. the terrapin breeders plan
to keep the artificially propagated terra
pins in captivity until they are ready for
the market. The young Holsters are lib
Grated in the sea by the millions each
year, and it is to some extent matter
Of guesswork to determine how many of
these same Holsters ever grow up to reach
the dinner tables in New York, Boston.
Philadelphia and the other places where
they are so greatly coveted. The terrapin
is much too precious to be thus set free
and allowed to escape capture II he can.
Besides, the terrapin is by no means such
prolific breeder as the lobster.
Ii is only the female diamond-back ter
rapin that commands the big prices and
is considered the great delicacy. The
males do not grow so large nor is their
meat considered so good. A count" ter
rapin. which is one that has attained the
proper size and is female, must be
seven inches long. The measurements
are taken on the bottom Of the shell from
tip to tip. This is we'll understood by
even the negroes who make a business of
catching terra pins along the eastern and
western shores of Chesapeake bay and
other places in the southern states. While
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-06-18

kind. and the process of reproduction
begins.
For the most part terrapin eggs are
laid in May and June. The female digs
i. nest with her hind legs. 1t is hole
in some convenient bank, and at depth
of five or six inches she deposits from
five to twelve eggs The lobster pro-
duces from 10000 to $1,000 eggs every
season. Having laid her eggs the female
terrapin crawls out of the hole, carefully
covers it up, effaces every trace of her
work and forthwith departs If the wea-
Their is warm the eggs hatch In about
six weeks They may require twice that
long IL the season Is a cold one.
The young soon after Matching go to
d nearby marsh and burrow into the
mud. where they remain for the first
winter and sometimes for the first sum-
mer. As compared to the growth of
other turtles, that of the diamonds back
terrapin is fairly rapid. The average
increase in length is about one inch a
year until a total length Of five inches
or thereabouts has been reached. when
it becomes much slower. 1t is thought
that growth continues throughout the
life of the individual, but in old age it
is so slow as to be practically imper-
ceptible. Apparently the limit of a ter
rapins life is twenty-five or thirty years.
For food in its wild state the diamond
back terrapin has what crustaceanS and
mollusks it is able to catch and crush,
but its jaws are rather weak 1t
is compelled to feed upon the smaller and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-06-18

that she may place her steadying hand
upon the troublous nations 10 the south
and bring about continental peace; that
she may lend hand I'm the undermining
OF the far east and the near east; that
these and score Of other things equally
important may be done the American
State Department has found IL necessary
TO throw OFF the browse of the past and
become exceedingly active. In doing this
the department has found il necessary 10
initiate a score Of new branches and TO
place at the head of them active young
men typ!fying the American spirit and
determined to make the American infiu-
ence felt the world around Just now
the world is waking up 10 the existence
of this new determination. 1t is inquring
into the manner Of It. IL is asking about
this new work.
Inquirers are finding hack OF the move
ment a score OF young men at Washing
ton. These men are culled from all those
Americans who have had the good for
tune OF great experience in international
affairs. who have had trainings that Mt
Them for the handling of given great
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-06-18

secretary of legation at Picking. If there
is anything to be fixed in the far east
the men in this division are competent to
fix it.
All that region of the world about the
eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea is
II land almost unknown to the American
influence. The people of those nations
where the worlds history began get but
an occasional echo from the great west.
where republics spring up In a night.
They have heard of the wealth and
the power OF the United States, but di-
rectly have had no contact with her.
But all this promises to be changed
through the work of the division of near
eastern affairs.
The chief of that division is Evan f.
Young. a native Of South Dakota, but
for many years consul at Harput and
later at Saloniki. Mr.. Young has as an
assistant Charles w. FoWle, who grew
up in the near east and was educated at
Roberts College, maintained in Turkey
by American missionaries. Turkish is
like mother tongue to Mr.. Fowle. and
through 1t the lore of all the regions
thereabout have been opened up to him.
These two young men have been en-
uedVOTlnS 10 introduce the american Ill
tiuence into the turbulent Balkans and
nearby states. One of the recent accom-
piishments of this division of near east
ern affairs has been the assignment of a
corps of young Americans to Persia for
the purpose of reforming and mOdernZ-
ing the financial system OF that coun-
try. The reason the United States was
asked to perform this service for Per-
STA was because the jealousies of Euro
pean powers in the Balkan region pre-
vented any one of those nations being
ing no interests in Persia, was acceptable.
There is just now being completed
railway concession to American
contractors to build a road through
Asiatic Turkey. 1t means the ex-
penditure of a hundred million Amer
lean dollars in that part of the
world. 1t is reasonable to suppose that
a great deal of American material will
find its way into Asiatic Turkey in the
complishments as a result OF its two
years existence the new division feels
that in the course of years America may
be brought to have no mean hold upon
the business of western Asia.
Two Of the busiest young men in the
State Department are William T. s. Doyle
and Henry l.. James Of the division of
Latin-American affairs. Mr.. Doyle has
partment and was private secretary to
Mr. Root when he, as Secretary of State.
made his famous tour through South
America Mr. James was for long time
secretary of legation at Santiago de Chile.
and also at Rio de Janeiro. Both young
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-06-18

bureau. The protection of American mis-
sionaries is a part of it's business, as is
the delicate question OF japanese immi-
grafton. The Siamese twins would have
been wards Of this office had they waited
until the present decade to become the
greatest Of side-show attractions.
Ransford S. Miller. jr.. is the head Of
the division of far eastern affairs. Mr..
Miller has lived so long in Korea, Man
churia and japan that the languages Of
the far east are to him as his native
tongue. He was for many years inter-
prefer and afterward secretary at the
embassy In Toxic. He is an authority
upon any of those vexed questions with
relation to the far east that may any
time arise.
Edward T. Williams is assistant chief
OF the division of far eastern affairs. He
has served for half a lifetime in China
There is probably no westerner living
who knows Chinese business and the Chi
nese language better than Mr.. Williams.
He reads that language. for which there
is character for every word, as a light
recreation. The philosophy of Confucius
10 as familiar to him as Is that of Mr..
Dooley to the Sunday supplement reader.
He was for many years an Interpreter in
China, was vice consul, consul general and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-06-18

thrust into the hustle Of international
business.
In Mr. Roosevelts time the spoils sys-
tenn was finally done away with. and un-
der Mr.. Knox the red blood OF business
activity is being sent through the whole
consular structure.
The post of director of the consular
service has recently come into existence.
To that post has been appointed Wilbur
]. Carr of New York. one OF the most
experienced young officials of the depart
ment. He has served in the state Depart
ment since 1892 He has been confiden-
tial clerk to several assistant secretaries,
has been chief of the consular bureau.
chief clerk of the department. The
province OF the director OF the consular
service is to go out after the business
of the world. The mere routine OF the
service is aside from his work.
A short time ago. for instance. Servia
was contemplating putting an additional
duty on American cottonseed oil. The
director Of the consular service got busy,
with the result that instead Of being in
creased the duty was lowered. Today we
are shipping 200 barrels Of cottonseed
oil TO Seryia where we formerly shipped
but 400 barrels. The manufacturers OF
America ask Mr.. Carr for fields for mar
keting their material. He finds those
fields. The men in the consular service
the world around report tariff discrim-
nations against American goods. Mr..
Carr proceeds to investigate the grounds
There are great many matters In ref
erence to foreign trade from the Ameri-
can standpoint that need adjusting. we
are new in foreign commerce. The duty
of this Office is to ferret out these dis
examinations and SO adjust matters that
the American dealer may have an equal
break with all who sell. Trade ten
denotes seem TO indicate that these mat
tiers of an adequate foreign market VIII
within the next decade become among
the most important considerations Of this
foreign market ready for the American
goods when the goods are ready for the
market.
The division Of far eastern AFFAIRS is
branch of the State Department that has
a work OF more fascinating interest. For
the past year much negotiation among
all the great nations OF the world has
been in progress with reference to the
Hukuang railway in China, which is to
be financed by western capital. China
regards the United States as her best
friend among the nations. She had writ
ten the United States offering her par
ticipation In financing all such enterprises
deal would have gone through in which
only Europe would have participated had
il not been for the newly created divi-
sion Of far eastern affairs.
A protest was filed and a month ago
the details were finally arranged under
which the United States furnishes a
fourth Of the money and certain pro-
portions Of the engineers for this great
enterprise. American goods are expected
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-06-18

they Vlu sell Il count ieGId pin for 80
or So to buyer who is collecting them
for wholesale distribution, they are will
ing to part with the smaller male for 70
or 80 cents apiece.
The latest figures of the census bureau
on the catch of edible turtles in the
United States serve to show how much
more valuable the diamond-back terrapn
is than the other varieties The total
catch in the year 1908 of edible turtles
was loss. 600 pounds. and it's value was
approximately $1,000. In the same year
the total catch Of the terrapin was only
36S, 600 pounds, but its value was ap-
proximately $SOOO.
Diamond back terrapins have been
known to connoisseurs and purveyors Of
sea food for great many years They
are distributed more or less continuously
along the eastern coast of North and
Central America from Buzzards bay,
Mass, to Yucatan. Their occurrence
along the Yucatan coast was recorded in
1885 by Prof. Gray. a student OF natural
history. 1t is quite possible that the
range extends farther TO the southwark.
The famous natural historian, Prof.
Agassiz, has stated that they are to be
found or have been found as far south as
the northern coast of South America.
All the species are lovers of salt or
brackish water and they find their most
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-06-18

policy Of the United States to be tn
big sister to the other republics of tn
western hemisphere and to bring to all o
them peace, prosperity and STABILITY o
government. This is no small assign
nent even for so active a nation as tn
United States, and the individual mel
who are carrying out this policy mus
needs have no small amount OF diplomati
skill, judgment and ability.
A division of western European affairs
has been created under the supervision OF
the third assistant secretary OF state,
Chandler Hale. This division has charge
of those routine matters relating to nego-
tiations with the western European coun-
tries, and is just now WORKING upon the
proposition to save the fur seals Of our
askan islands from determination. The
amelioration of the conditions to be
found in Liberia is another OF its present
activities.
But above all this division OF western
European affairs is the entertainment bu
reau of our State Department. When
ever distinguished guests are formally re-
ceived by the government arrangements
are made through Chandler Hale. When
ever newly accredited representatives of
foreign nations arrive in Washington and
are to be presented to the President, Ii Is
this division of the State Department
that aranges the details. That delicate
matter of precedence in the formal So
ciety of the nations capital is settled by
this same tbirO assistant secretary OF
state. And this alone is a task worthy
OF the steel Of any man. for jealousies
national and personal. in such matters as
who shall come first in being presented
at given receptions are no mean things
with which to cope.
The bureau OF trade relations has been
especially created for the purpose of ena
bling the Secretary of State to advise the
President as to the extension of minimum
tariff rates. It's duty IS to study tariff
relations OF other nations and their ap-
plication to our trade, and to determine
whether or not this nation should favor
given country with its minimum rates.
Charles NJ. Pepper has been selected chief
of this bureau. He is a man OF large ex-
perience particularly I'm Latin America.
Another innovation in the State Depart
ment is the division Of information, pre-
sided over by Philip II. Patchin. The OBJ
ject in maintaining this bureau is to Gull
the information in the current press OF
the world that bears particularly on dip
lomatic and trade relations and dissent
nate 1t throughout the department, in
Guiding the consular and diplomatic Of
fees of the entire world. So is there
made clearing house OF this sort Of in
formation which will keep the whole
of the service thoroughly posted upon
diplomatic affairs.
Such are the new stunts that were be-
gun under Secretary Root. and have been
developed and perfected under Mr. Knox
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-06-18

congenial homes in low lying swamps and
protected hays or inlets. But they also
occur more or less bountifuly in nearly
within the limits named. and they ascend
these rivers to points where the water is
quite sweet IN the James river, in Vir-
ginia, they have been found considerably
above jamestown. They were formerly
abundant at West Point. in the York
river. Individual diamond-back terrapins
have also been taken within four miles of
Washington in the Potomac river.
Absolutely nothing is known OF the
habits of the more southern varieties
except as they have been studied in the
corrals on the Chesapeake bay. There
they have acted much like the northern
kind. going into Information early and
emerging late in the spring. The north
ern species is pretty Well known, SO far
as it's habits are concerned. It's period
of Information begins soon after the adj
vent of cold weather. but for some weeks
it energies whenever there is a warm
day. Eventually, however. ii buries
itself completely in the mud at the bot
tom of some pool or stream and remains
so hidden until spring. Very soon after
the winter sleep Is over it works It's
way out Of the mud, seeks others of its
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-06-18

thckly speckled with black as nearly 70
obliterate the ground color OF the shell.
AS the young animal increases in size
the plates of the shell are spread apart.
To fill the space thus left new shell is
developed. underlying the original plates
and extending beyond its margins. where
IL appears in the first year as the first
concentric ridge. Presumably. this growth
takes place periodically. and the age OF
the turtle can be appropriated by count
ing the ridges. The determination as to a
very large and old terrapin. however, be-
comes difficult for the reason that the
shell becomes worn off go as to obliterate
all but the last formed ridges.
~
There is much difference Of opinion as
to the age which a turtle may reach.
Prof. Agassiz was of the opinion that
most of the North American turtles. the
diamond-back terrapn included, could
attain a very great age and continue to
grow almost without limit 1t is general
ly admitted to be true that there is al
most indisputable evidence to support this
assertion in regard to some Of the species.
but Prof. Hay believes that for nearly all
of them there is a limit. at least in size.
The maximum size of the diamond-back
terrapin, according to Prof Hay. is about
nine inches. 1t very rarely exceeds eight
inches, and he says this size is attained
at the age of fifteen or twenty years. IL
is quite possible, of course, that the turtles
live for many years after reaching the
maximum growth, but Prof Hay believes
I'm that event it would be natural TO look
for shells worn wholly smooth, which he
says ne has not observed in the case OF
any species except the Texas terrapin.
which, probably as a result of the warm
weather and more uniform climate of its
habitat, seems to grow more continu-
ously than its northern relatives. IL is
upon these investigations that he bases
his opinion that the average duration OF
the life OF the diamond back terrapin is
from twenty to twenty-five years.
Copyright, 1911, by the New York Herald @.
All rights reserved)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-06-18

amounting 10 two billion dollars year
In the first decade of the present century
that business jumped by more than an
additional billion. The United States had
never realized an ambition 10 become a
world power previous TO the Spanish
American war. That war caused not only
her statesmen but her merchants 10 be-
gin to look abroad The statesmen found
fertile field for national influence and
the merchants found a prospective mar
ket for all they might produce
The consular service of this nation al
ready had representatives at every i'm
portant post in the world. but those rep
resentatives had been performing com
paratively small services for the very
good reason that there was a home mar
ket for everything that America pro-
duced. and she had never thought OF
going beyond that market. Further than
this. the consular service was entirely
under the old political spoils system, and
the men who made IL up were placed
upon shelf Of inactivity rather than
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-06-18
ADULT FEMALES
KNoWN AS C CUNTS

softer animals Of these groups At un-
usually high tides IL occa sionally follows
the water into the grassy lowlands. and
may be seen catching and eating insects.
The tender shoots and rootlets of the
marsh plants are also eaten, and proba-
bly, form a very considerable proportion
OF its food at times. Fresh water seems
to be a necessity for the life of the dia-
mond-back terrapin at certain periods.
but II can live for a long time without IL.
1t is the common belief In many places
that the turtle is nomadic, moving rest
lessly from place to place. and that Il ia
able to make considerable journeys in a
very short space Of time There Is no
scientific evidence, however. to support
this theory. On the contrary, the indi-
vidual born In or accidentally transported
to a favorable locality probably stays
there for an indefinite period Of time.
No other theory than that has been
found to explain the numerous local races
and the stories of the temperance of
certain marked terrapins season after
season.
The former abundance Of the diamond
back terrapin is matter OF unmistakable
record. At one time in this country hun
dreds could be seen In a single day where
now, perhaps, only one or two can be
found in a season. Thanks to lax laws
and ruthless hunters. the species is on
the very verge of complete extinction,
and before long. unless proper measures
are taken, must be numbered among the
lost host Of animals that man has exter-
minated.
The turtles of this genus exhibit some
very interesting and important changes
in form and sculpture as they advance
in age, aside, of course, from the natural
increase in size and weight The young
of the northern species resemble the fe-
male parent very closely, with a shell a
little rounder and the head proportion
ately little larger. The color, however,
in every case among a great many that
have been studied by Prof. Hay for the
bureau of fisheries was dark blackish
brown, the soft skin being everywhere SO
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-06-18
Almost an Angel.

GORGE ABE was talking at a June
~ wedding In Chicago about matri-
mony.
.'Matrimony is perhaps a little too
much idealized,' he said. These June
brides, radiant under their white wells
in a glitter OF June sunshine. seem capa
BILE Of changing earth into heaven. but
as a matter OF fact they are not capable
of anything OF the sort.
IT am in hearty sympathy with old
Brown, to whom young Black said at
q wedding:
"a good wife can make veritabIe
angel of a man.
.s.Yes, that's So old Brown agreed.
MY wife came near making one OF
me with her first batch of doushnuts
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-06-18

THEY Are Landing Hun
i dred-Million-D Jobs
for Americans in the Far East,
the Near East, and in South
America = They Promise to
Double the Trade of the
Nation in a Decade-They
Are World Citizens and
Speak Chinese, Turkish and
Other Different Languages
They Are of the New
Regime in International AT
fairs.
Copyright. 1911. by " A. Du PuyD
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-06-18

propositions where the need is great.
These young men are being told to go
forth and deliver the goods. The results
are showing them equal to the trust.
Take. for example, the foreign trade of
the United States. In the 2DO years that
this nation has taken in growing out OF
its swaddhng clothes 1t had developed, in
1900. business with the outside world
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-06-18
What the Young Men Are Doing Foreign Affairs the State Department

The United States is going out after
world business, and is awakening 10 the
fact that her position in world affairs is
second to none The policy OF the de
partment has been styled by some dol
lar diplomacy" The department ac-
cepts the nomenclature. II pleads guilty
of dollar diplomacy It acknowledged
dollar diplomacy as its policy. II is out
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-06-18

men are very familiar with Latin-Ameri-
can affairs and are kept intensely busy
with the different issues that are con-
stantly coming up in the south
When Converse. Blatt and Brown were
recently charged with sedition in Mexico
it was this Office that secured their re-
lease. When Conductor James A. Cook
charged with completely in railway
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-06-18

to follow this American money and these
American builders. Within the last few
months, also, the United States has par
ticipated In fifty-million-d ollar currency
reform loan extended to China. The
American influence again follows the
American money. The world movement
for the reform Of the opium traffic is
also being actively pushed through this
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-06-18

States may take
her position among
the great world
powers under the
G o n d Il [ ions that
have come TO exist
in the last decade;
that she may GO
out after the world
business which her
citizens have just
begun 10 want;