davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1911-10-19
...HOW Courts Protect NinOIiiGS..


policy was offensive to the existing
administration. The courts, when APP
pealed to for protection, have refused
to grant it.
At the present time. Judge Dan Thew
Wright of Washington, is showing his
contempt for the constitutional rights
of minority composed Of Samuel
Gompers, John Mitchell and Frank
Morrison.
Grover Cleveland, when president,
disregarded the constitutional proyis-
ion protecting a state from invasion
by federal troops without the consent
OF legislature or governor. The courts
did not interfere. Cleveland also is
sued bonds without authority of Con-
gress to oblige his friend, Pierpont
Morgan. ]. r. Sovereign, head of tue
knights of Labor, tried to secure an
Injunction preventing this unlawful
act. He was refused.
Then there is the protective tariff.
a majority of the people may favor
that, but Congress has certainly no
constitutional authority to levy taxes
for any other than revenue purposes.
But the courts have never interfered.
Then there are the poll taxes levied
by different states. In some of them q
man who does not pay may be forced
to work on the public roads. The con-
stitution of the United States plainly
forbids involuntary servitude except
as punishment for crime. The only
court that has ever acted adversely on
this unconstitutional legislation is one
presided over by Socialist justice OF
the peace in small Kansas town.
Then there was a case once where
the courts refused to interfere when
an American citizen, man born in
the United States of Chinese parents.
was denied admission to the country
after foreign trip. A petty official
excluded him. He belonged to a class
not very popular. Perhaps a majority
of the people were ready to applaud
this oficial, not thinking that the pre-
cedent thus set might lead to conse-
quences less popular. Here was GER
tainly very helpless minority denied
constitutional rights which the courts
are said to protect even against popu-
lar clamor. The Supreme Court Of the
United States refused to interfere.
What minority rights are the courts
ready to protect? Usually the rights
Of predatory interests and no other.
AS a defense of the just rights of mi
norities they have proven to be miser-
able failures.
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1911-10-19
Insrease Skilled
w or kers; But
Will Not Increase
Jobs.

Miss Ella Flagg Young, Superinten-
dent of the Chicago Schools, advocates
the teaching of vocations in the public
schools in order to better fit the chill
dren for the time when they must
earn their own living. The suggestion
could be improved upon by adding
that they should also be taught about
the reforms which are necessary to
enable them all to have opportunities
to apply their vocational education
after they get it. Otherwise Mrs,
Young's ideas will not prove to be an
unmixed blessing.
Existing economic conditions make
jobs scarcer than workers. In occupa-
lions requiring skilled labor this state
of affairs is not as bad as where I'M
skilled labor is all that is needed.
Mrs. Young's ideas. if carried out. will
increase the number Of skilled labor
ers without increasing the number of
jobs open to them. Reduction of
wages of skilled workers will be the
Inevitable result. That should not
render her idea Objectionable since
skilled laborers as well as unskilled
have votes and have only themselves
to blame if they will not use their poll.
tical power to abolish monopoly OF OPP
portuniti6s. But while her plan is
not Objectionable, it certainly will
prove to be futile unless accompanied
by some method of teaching the child
rem how they can, when they become
voters. do away with the legalized
iniQuities which are the cause of un-
employment and poverty.
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1911-10-19

4 that time not q single one Of
~ the great labor-saving and COM
fort producing devices Of modern
times had been invented. Not mile
OF railroad track had been laid on the
face Of the earth. Not rod Of tele-
graph or telephone wire had been
stretched. The marvels of steam and
the miracles Of electricity had not
been dreamed of. The postal system
was undeyeloped. It took weeks to
get letter from distance of few
hundred miles. Newspapers and mag
azines were few and far between.
There were no libraries. no public
schools. There were but q few stage
lines. The tools with which the farm
ers and mechanics worked were prim-
litive - almos barbaric. Household
conveniences were rare. and rude. Not
so much as friction match had been
devised. When the IRE went out, it
was necessary either to strike new
one from a piece sof flint or go to a
neighbor's house and borrow a supply
|oI Goals. Manufacturing, commerce.
and retail business were carried on on
a tiny scale by individual proprietors.
Chattel slavery existed In the South
and the indenture of bonded servants
in the North. But most of the people
worked ''on their own hook." as the
saying goes. The newness Of the coun-
try and the primitiveness Of the tools
made it practicable to put into opera
ton the theory Of every fellow for
himself" Modern divisions Of labor
and complication of industry were
unheard of. The people were largely
Independent of each other.
The Constitution was framed by the
well-to-do class. And it was framed
to fit their own interests under the So
cial conditions described above
Manifestly, Constitution framed to
fit such conditions could not be thor
oughly adapted to fit the conditions OF
the present day.
For, since those days, gigantic
changes have taken place. The simple
agricultural tools have been followed
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1911-10-19

ihouEs, enough to provide every human
lbeing with all the necessaries and
comforts of life. including the leisure
and the means for physical, mental
moral and spiritual development. We
| do not do it. In order to do it, we will
have to introduce Socialism,
These, in brief, are the reasons why
we have outgrown great deal the
United States Constitution.
I, But do not worry.
This obstacle Is not half as formid-
able as it looks.
Among others there is one splendid
clause in the Constitution which we
have not outgrown.. 1t is the one
which gives Congress the power to do
anything that is for the general vel
fare. Under that clause we can intro
dnce Socialism without constitutions
I al amendment. s
Again, the Supreme Court has no
Illegal power to declare law uncon-
stitutional. Certain isolated state
ments on the part of few colonial
politicians, and an oyerweaning Keen
ness to prove that the Constitution is
class document-which can easily
be proven without resorting to exag-
geration-have led some Socialists to
believe that the courts have such
power. But it is not so. Therefore,
| if the judges nullify the laws passed by
Socialists administration we will
just ignore them and go on about our
business of introducing Socialism.
And yet again-if We want to amend
certain provisions in the Constitution,
for example, to introduce equal stuff
rage or to abolish the Sentative can
do it by majority vote. Any provision
which is opposed to majority rule is
! null and void and should be SO treated.
! So 1 say you need not worry-for
this constitutional obstacle is not half
as formidable as it looks.
For further discussion on this sub
iject will refer you to the chapter en-
titled 'The Constitution" in my book
Whats So and What Isn't"
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1911-10-19
$685. A.g.s Asa@NaasN.asA.s. s esq So.
Millions Misled

The capitalist press perverts, the
Socialist press educates. The one big
service a comrade can now render to
the party and the cause is TO secure
readers for our press.
1t is a far cry from a street corner
meeting with it's ever shifting crowd
to the best and most modern hail in
the community, and that filled Win a
multitude cheering Socialism, but that
is just what has happened in hundreds
of cities and towns.
THE NATIONAL SOCIALIST BUR
EAU combines agitation, education
and organization, and each of The best
I and most effective type.
Remember, all this can be had in
your own town, directed by your own
local, in cooperation with the state
and national organizations anG the
party press.
Every local with fifty menlbers, or
even twenty-five members, can make
their fellow citizens become readers
of the Socialist press to the exten. Of
100000 in subscriptions. The reader
takes his choice of about sixty papers.
The same readers hear five of the best
LECTURERS the movement has produced.
And the only reason local has for
existence is to break down capitalist
Misrepresentation and prejudice, and
spread Socialist sentiment and knowl
edge-to agitate, educate and organize.
the workers for their own emanci2a-
ton.
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1911-10-19

TWYHEN opponents of the Recall OF
w Judges talk about protection Of
the rights Of the minority, let
them be asked to explain to what ex-
tent courts have fulfilled that function.
Let them be asked for instance. why
the courts have done nothing to en-
sure trial by jury to accused persons
who happen to be labor leaders. The
Constitution of the United States guar
antees to every accused person trial
by jury. But this right has been over
ridden by the judges themselves, who
have issued injunctions forbidding
acts, both legal and Illegal, then hal
ing the persons enjoined into court
on charges of violating these injunc-
tions. finding them guilty and arbi-
trarily sentencing them.
Then there is the right of assembly.
of free speech and of free press. All
these rights are guaranteed to citi-
zens by both state and federal consti-
tutions. No majority has the right to
revoke them. How do judges try to
protect the rights of minority of
these things? Well they protect them
SO well that in most cities of the coun-
try any policeman may with impunity
break up any public meeting to which
the powers that be- object. In some
places local officials have even the
effrontery to ask prospective speak
ers to first submit copies Of their
speeches for approval and when the
speakers have very properly refused,
have forbidden and forcibly prevented
the meeting from being held. In Phil
adelphia a speaker who was thus
threatened. went into court and asked
for an injunction to prevent such I'M
constitutional interference and was
most contemporary refused. Some
years ago, also in Philadelphia, the po-
lice invaded hall where an orderly
Socialist meeting was being held, as
saulted the speakers and broke up the
meeting. Acting under legal advice,
the assaulted persons swore out war
rants for the arrest of the policemen.
The warrants were served and the of
tenders held under bail. They are still
being held. The courts win not let
the case be hurried" to trial. In the
meantime; the ruffians in uniform are
still on the force with authority to
commit similar outrages again at any
time.
Through the Post Office Department
attempts have been made, sometimes
successfully, to suppress papers whose
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1911-10-19

l. We believe that the doctrine the brotherhood Of
is rank socialism, that Socialism anarchy people hold
ing such wicked opinions should hanged trial
2 We do not believe in the doctrine Of rights
pie who buy rights pay
g. We believe that land air. water COAL oil and all
natural things shoud be owned by corporations and that the
people should be compelled exorbtant prices the
porations for these things
We believe that poor people should be kept ignorant
possible social questions any them persist in
cussng such questions all respectable people should
cran and anarchists Poor people should study religion and
temperance, but not politics.
s. We opposed the great of the people having
homes Of their in this world Weshoud encourage them
homes after they dead Besides if every family
home of its own the rich poor would be too nearly
level and would be difficult to know rich from
We believe that the best condition of humanity where
there few people and the fewer the BETTER the land
pie compelled Arve Social perfection is attained
when the rich do all the thinking and the people do all the
working.
T. We believe that tariff good thing because it takes
the taxes mostly rom the people and least from the rich
much it light on those who
everything and heavy those who nothing, and this is
what we want.
g. We believe shouting for freedom but do not believe
free trade We believe freedom go any church please
but not IN freedom to buy goods please Such freedom
as that would ruin millonaires
We believe in humbugging poor people by telling them
that tariff raises wages The fools believe this and hug the
CHAINS that bind Them 1t them right fools ought be
fooled
TO- We believe that railroads teegraphs should be
by the people and donated corporations the way
make mllonaire and then the mionares pay the politicians
for doing it It is grand system of robbng the poor Ii
we didn't make mionare this country the lords of Europe
could not get rich wives and they might want and
have to work
We believe The people know little govern them
selves They should not be allowed to directly for what they
want representative form Of government good enough
gnoamuses and fools Then the representatives always fry
the fat out Of the ionaire who always willing pay
such laws as they want.
~ We opposed to direct legislation through nitia
tive and referendum It would make it harder million
aires as would take bride the whole people than
to bride the representatives only
49, The best form government is the one that favors
for this.
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1911-10-19


IN HE boy Scouts" were organized
| in this country in imitation OF
Baden Powell's Boy Scouts ''of
England, which is strictly military
Organization.
The labor organizations OF this coun-
/ try at once realized the danger Of ed
lucating the youth of the country under
military inspiration. Everywhere res
olutions were adopted by State and
local labor bodies denouncing the
murderous scheme.
In st. Louis, Mo-, the local central
body passed particularly strong reso-
buttons, calling attention to the fact
that educating children on military
lines was contrary to the teachings Of
the founder of Christianity, who dep
recated war. The prominent citizens,
mostly members of the Citizens Al
lance, who are backing this scheme
of training the young mind to ODE
dience to their superiors, more partic-
u1arly employers, took exceptions to
these resolutions. and invited the
chief high cockalorum of this outfit
Of youthful bloodhunters to St. Louis
to deliver an address on the aims and
objects of this jouvenile military or
ganization.
Not one of the daily papers pub
|lished the resolutions passed by the
i C. T. & L. U. in full. but all of them
published the address of this instruc-
tor in learning the young idea 'how
to shoot" to the last word.
He strenuously denied any idea Of
educating the boys in military lines.
They were to be educated in knowl-
edge of field, forest and stream. They
were to get next to nature, as it were.
Discipline would have to be observed,
but no more than is necessary for
controlling boys. All military ideas
were strictly tabooed. 1t was in fact
more Of an outdoor Sunday School
than anything else. A number Of
preachers were induced to join in the
movement and act as recruiting
officers, Meetings were. to be held in
Sunday School rooms. OF course
the suave gentlemen made it plain
that the followers of Christ would
not support movement that was in
tended to Undue the youthful mind
|in war, bloodshed and murder. oh.
no. not at all Well, the boy Scouts"
were formed Most Of the members
were secured through these would
be representatives Of Christ acting as
recruiting agents. Their first public
appearance was on Labor Day. The
Globe Democrat, reliable plutocratic
paper, reports the affair as follows:
Boys Ia Minnie Warfare.
after mimic warfare at 8 p. M.
in which the honors were about even
" divided between opposing factions,
200 members Of the Boys Brigade of
America, who have been enjoying q
taste Of real military life since Sat
urday night, broke camp at Liz Park,
near the Florissant and Ferguson car
lines, last night and returned to their
homes.
Captain william Stohlman Of
Company a commanded the contend
ing factions, whose firing Of twenty
|five volIeys Of blank cartridges and
other military maneuvers furnished !
brilliant Labor Day spectacle f0r s
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1911-10-19
IA Ecu, Facts. :.

The United States Commissioner of
Labor gave away some valuable in
formation in his report for 1908. Only
few items can be quoted here, but
the ratio holds good all through. The
raw material and wear of machinery
are included. Wood and iron ore are
supplied by nature and cost nothing.
The labor cost of producing wool and
The raw material and wear of ma
chinery therefore count very little.
1t takes g comparatively small amount
Of labor to put up factory and con-
struct. a machine. One hundred men
can in on eyear put up a factory in
which one thousand men may work for
! fifty years. This makes onlys one-five.
hundredth of the labor cost of the
finished article. But let us call it ~
per cent, which is very high, and you
still have a tremendous profit for the
owners. TIL ;efollowing are only
samples:
pair fine calf leather shoes. time
cost, SOC; labor cost, SIC; retail price,
$500; profit, $4.63,
1000 pounds laundry soap, time
cost, 55c; labor cost, Sic; retail price,
$4,000; profit, $49.19.
100 pounds graduated sugar. time
cost, 12c; labor cost, Sc; retail price,
$500: profit. $5.97.
Sewing machine, time cost, $500;
labor cost, $3.50; retail price, $500;
profit. $31.44.
Walking pillow, time cost, $4:01, labor
cost. SIC; retail price, $1,000; profit.
1913.
Farm wagon, time cost 1920; la
Dor cost, $7.91; retail price. $4,000;
profit, s57.O9.
1000 feet of pine lumber, time cost,
$4,000; profit, $ss.41.
Leather top buggy. time cost, $4S.0s;1
labor cost. 1891; retail price. $1,000;
profit, $41.0g.
Mems derby hats, time cost $1.1o:
labor cost, S5c; retail price $3.50; pro-
mt $2.15.
ton bitun,ino.s coal, time cost,
$2.07; labor cost, Acc; retail price,
$3.50: profit, $S.04.
Now. under Socialism you would get
at cost the articles you produce. You
and all other people together with you,
will own the resources and the outfit
used In production, and no idle out
slider will have you by the neck.
Run down he labor cost column
and see what you could get your living
for If the profit takers were eliminated.
Doesn't this pry your eyes open2
Take your pencil in hand and do a
little figuring. The wealth of the
country Is about $4,000 for family of
hve, therefore. the head of the family
could buy yearly the following articles
for the need Of the household or other
use and hav esome left at that:
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1911-10-19
RESIDENT Taft vetoed number
of tariff bills on the ground

N RESIDENT Taft vetoed a number
81 of tariff bills on the ground
that Congress ought to await
I the report of the Tariff Board before
framing any tariff measures. Re
| ports concerning the activity of that
Board indicates that it is faithfully
doing the work for which it was
created. This work is not. as some
innocents suppose and as Mr.. Taft
would have us believe, the gathering
of true and exact information about
the cost of production. of commodities
here and abroad. It's real duty is to
issue report that will be satisfactory
to protected interests. If it should ac-
cidentally run into any fact that these
interests would prefer not to have gen
orally known, there will be no occasion
for surprise if the report should fail
| to mention it. Mr.. Taft took no more
chances than he could help when he
appointed the members.
The Board was created on Septem
Der 26, 1909. In October, 1910, more
than a year afterward. the announce
ment was made that all preliminary
arrangements had been COM
pleted and the Board would at
once get to work. Whatever these
preliminary arrangements may have
been the chairman of the Board,
Frederick C. Emery, must have made
them at the home of son of Senator
Hale of Maine, where he had establ-
ished headquarters. Senator Hale. as
is well known, was, up to the time his
term expired, next to Aldrich the
leading standpatter and trust repre-
sentative in the Senate.
The preliminary arrangements com
pleted, the Board got down to bust
ness The first business appears to
have been spending some months in
attending series of banquets in diff
ferent cities given by protected trust
magnates. The last one of the series
was given in Washington on Febru-
airy 1st, at which the National Asso-
citation of Wooden Manufacturers was
the host.
During the intervals between ban
quets Chairman Emery must have
been deeply considering the question
how best to get information about
cost of production He must have
solved the problem about the time of
the last banquet, for shortly after
Iward he came to the conclusion that
the way to do it was to send samples
of wooden goods to manufacturers
and take their word about cost.
On June 7th, 1911, one year and nine
months after the organization of the
Board, Congress passed q resolution
asking for whatever information it
had collected regarding wool. Presi-
dent Taft replied that no information
had yet been gathered. Banquets
and other equally important matters
required attention first, apparently.
Now the board is said to have
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1911-10-19

Now who'd have thought they'd eyel
thought to make a Trust Of Bread!
That is a thought I'd never though'
would enter mortal head,
And yet at least the news goes forth
that it is really So
They've made corporation to mono
police our bought
l have not heard as yet just how
they've planned the company,
Or just what kind of stock theil
stock is really going to be,
But it would be most fitting, and
provision rather nice,
If when they circulate their shares
they'd call each share slice"
Then every man who had the dough
could have a "sl1ce Of bread, .
And for their dividends they'd send
out checks for crumbs instead
The stock preferred would come in
"loaves," and thus 'twould come
to pass
The man who held it would belong
unto the 'loafer class.
And when investigators came to lool
into it's books
To see if it were managed by the
pure Of heart or crooks,
They'd put the owners on the grill
and give 'em such roast
That when they clamored, Give US
peace!" they'd get piece Of toast
A lot of branches to the Trust could
readily be planned
To put up doughnuts without holes
fresh. petrifed or canned;
TO make tea-biscuits, sallie-lunn. o.
possibly to bake
The kind of long-lost to0ths0me
things like mother used to make.
And if perchance they o'erprodneed in
bread a la Francois,
Instead Of losing stores Of cash by
throwing it away,
It could be petrifed and sold in lots
or BY the piece.
AS armor-plated night sticks for the
use Of the police.
And then some day who knows how
soon? The Beef Trust with q
splurge
win buy the Bread Trust for its own,
and mergers viii emerge
BY which the old-time Trusts Will die
and up from out their dust
q. s. Sandwich TFnskl