davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Kennewick courier. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1905-1914, 1911-02-10
FIGHTING THE FROST
How the work carried last Spring the Rogue River Valley
From the Genealogical Summary the Government Weather Bureau

n every orchard, and it is only by
using a sufficient number of instru-
ments that these spots can be found.
Before any firing is done, some
knowledge should be had of injur-
fous temperatures These tempera-
lures vary quite widely for the d.
ferent fruits as we'll as for the differ
ent stages of growth. A. large series
of tests have been made in the
Rogue River Valley and upon these
tests the following table. giving in
furious temperatures in bud. in bios
som, in setting fruit and at other
times, is appended. Injurious tenn
peratures may not be the same from
season to season. as weather condi-
lions previous to frosts determine
very largely the ability of plants
to resist freezing temperatures. In
every case there should be a physio-
logist on the ground to determine
approximately this factor. A few
days of very warm weather, together
with an ample supply of soil mois-
ture. will cause the newly-formed
cells of tha blossoms and fruit to be
filled with watery protoplasm, Or
eel sap, which freezes more readily
than concentrated cell sap. II Il
freeze follows period of weather in
which temperatures have been such
as to produce slow growth, lower
temperatures than those given in the
table may not cause injury.
The Kennewick courier. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1905-1914, 1911-02-10

the above tests. 80 pots were used
per acre
Similar tests were carried out With
dlstillate. wood. and coal, and re-
suits equally satisfactory have been
gotten. 1t IS not at all difficult to
raise the temperature degrees to
10 degrees.
From what has been said it will
be seen that the protection of the
orchard from frost injury is depend
ent rather upon heating than the use
of the so-called smudge. In our
work we have ceased to use the term
'smudge.' and have substituted the
word heating. or firing both
terms seeming more appropriate.
There is only one value in a dense
smudge, and that is in cases where
it is impossible to keep the tempera-
ture above the danger point it will
serve to prevent the too sudden
warming of the frozen blossoms or
fruits when the morning sun strikes
them. The smudge may also BIZ
more or less effective in trapping
any heat generated by fires, or pre-
vent heat from raidating away from
the surface of the ground or the
trees. However. when the tempera-
lures runs very low. the smudge is
no protection. Some smudging has
been done in the valley, using damp
manure, straw. and rubbish, but
only in few instances and where
the temperature did not go below
rs degrees +. in the pear and apple
orchards.
One of the most important things
which the orchardist must know Is
when to fire. A number of manu-
facturers have put on the market
frost alarm thermometers which may
be set to ring an electric bell at any
desired temperature. Most Of the
instruments tested by the writer
have been found to be very inaccur-
ate, and in actual use often fail to
work. Several instances of failure
have been reported, and in one case
a considerable amount of fruit WAS
lost through depending upon one of
these instruments. At best, all that
frost alarm thermometer can do is
to give an alarm when a certain tenn
perature is reached, and it is, there
fore, much wiser to use a good alarm
clock. and depend upon forecasts
from the nearest U. S. Weather Bur-
eau station. In each case good
local observer is the most important
factor.
In order to do accurate work and
get results all Instruments used IN
the farm should be tested, In my
work in the Rogue River Valley
have found thermometers which var
led both ways as widely as degrees
and degrees All this had to be
corrected. and the growers were
forced to get standard instruments.
or, at least. have them tested before
putting them to use in the orchard.
1t is wise plan to use large num-
Der of thermometers, and one per
acre is not too many. There are al
ways some spots colder than others
The Kennewick courier. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1905-1914, 1911-02-10
Concluded from Last Weekly

The cost of firing per night per
acre depends not only upon the cost
of the fuel but also upon the degree
OF frost. Under average conditions.
say with temperatures of 2e degrees
10 ~ degrees F., the cost per night
per acre with fires burning 4 hours
has been estimated for the past sea-
sin as flllows: Crude oil. including
the labor of distributing the oil and
interest on the cost of the pots. with
30 pots per acre. $500: distilate, in
Guiding the same items of expense.
VS. 90; coal. including the same
Items. $500. This is on the basis of
25o pounds of coal per acre hour
the coal being worth $500 per ton
1T the mine. The cost of hauling
the coal. as we'll as the kindling for
starting it, is included within the
estimate. The cost of firing with
WHO'D varied greatly. However, it
would be saafe to say that with 80
tc 40 fires per acre, under the above
conditions. the cost would be from
S2.00 to $500 per acre From this
1t will lie seen that crude oil Is the
cheapest of the fuels. taking every
thing into consideration, with wood
close second. Distillate is the
most expensive; but for liquid fuel it
is by far the most reliable. How
ever. when the value of the crop is
considered. the above actual costs
represent very cheap insurance.
The value of any fuel for frost
prevention depends upon the amount
Of heat it is capable of giving off.
All of the fuels which have been
mentioned have proven entirely sat
isfactory. A careful test of crude
oil in the Burrell orchard, at Med
ford. Greg, on the night of April Is
and IA gave the following results
in 30-acre pear orchard. which is
about 90 years old, the trees being
large and spreading At 1900 mid
night Of the 18th the temperature
in the orchard was Sc degrees F.;
at 100 a. m. of the 14th the temper
allure dropped to 81 degrees F.. when
the fires were Immediately lighted,
and in short time the temperature
in the orchard rose to 33 degrees
F. From 200 a. m. until $500 a.
m. the temperature outside the Or
chard remained approximately 26' de-
srees F., while the temperature with
in was held to SO degrees F.. with
the exception of the south side,
which was not SO we'll protected by
fires, and where the temperature
along the outside row registered 80
degrees F. The temperature inside
the orchard was recorded by man
who had some thirty thermometers
which had been previously tested at
my laboratory These thermometers
were hung about IL to feet from
the surface of the ground, being sus
pended from the branches of the
trees. Thermometers were also plac-
ed outside the limits of the orchard
and we'll away from any influence
of the fires within the orchard. In
The Kennewick courier. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1905-1914, 1911-02-10
Wednesday

wednesday
U. S to l.. Sagsvold. patent, NV
IA of 2S-7-2S, $50 acres
II to Heirs of Joseph Holzhey,
patent. lots l and 2. and S 1-2 of
NE IA of $3.50, containing
1880 acres.
p Castells, ct ux to G. B. Devr1es.
mort. lots % and "a blk. AS.
Prosser Lot II, blk. 1902 in
First Subdivision of PrOsser
$4,000
]. T. Woody ct ux to r. B. Keno
yer, deed, beginning 1888 feet
s. of NE cor. of 1929, thence
w. 1554.S5 feet, thence S.
1922 feet, thence e. 1554.85
feet. thence ~ 1927 feet, to
beginning ........ SOo.oO
r. E. Knowls to Palmquist Bros.
chattel mortgage. half rye crop
on 100 acres and IL wheat crop
40 acre field during 1911 in
w IL of S-1O-25, I header.
header boxes, feed grinder, l
14-horse J. l. Case power, l
Conton gang pillow $500. 20
!. S. Leonard ct ux to w. B. Will
liams. deed, all OF S 1-2 of SW
Of NE Ia of N VIA of 1880
lying below and easterly of N.
PI Co.'S canal. Con. 5.O4
dCltS
Yakima Realty & Investment Co.
TO Mary L. Hard. deed. NE IA
of NV IA of SW IA OF 81
Yakima Valley Lands Co. to Mary
Linda Collyer, deed, IL OF
NV IA of SW IA Of NV Ia
Of 22-7-26 ....... zoo OU
Fl. G. Rooster to E. c. Capps, bill
of sale. all furniture belonging
TO II. c. Rooster located In
house formerly owned and occu-
pied by H. c. Rooster. 162.OU
Report of Clerks office.
Case No. 1862, Virginia B. Miller
versus Maurice F.. Miller. Action
for Divorce.
The Kennewick courier. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1905-1914, 1911-02-10

Thursday
W. H. Philips to The Benton Coun-
ty Natl. bank. chattel mort
gage, "a wheat crop raised in
1911 on Sc IA of 1926 and
part of N 1-2 of N IL of 22-S-26
north of Phillips house; two
horses. Consideration. .$697.00
F.. Buhrmester to I. B. Richards,
release of lien, E IL of w 1-2
of SW IA of 1925. Consid-
crdJlOu % o'Vo
I. w. Carter and wife to Griswold.
Hallett & Persons. mortgage,
NE IA of 21-S-25. Considera-
ton ........ .$1zUO.OO
/. w. Carter ct ux to Griswold,
Hallett & Persons, mortgage,
Sc IA of 21-S-25. Considera-
ton 49,. .......... 100000
J. A. Anderson to D. M. Angus,
chattel mortgage. two horses.
Consideration ............$ $50 90
U. 8. to Ida f. Miller, patent, NV
IA of 22-7-24.
I. w. Folsom to l.. F. Nowlin,
deed, NV IA of NE IA of SW
IA of 1880. Considera-
ton .......... ...$10,000.00
The Benton Water Co. to c. E.
Bailey, contract, Beg. 19OS.1 1T.
west of NE corner Sec. 1928,
thence SW $40 it., thence NV
1901 it.. thence NE $40 it.,
thence E. 1901 IT. to beg. con-
tanning acres. Considera-
o. James. ct ux., to A. B. Hanna,
deed, w 1-2 of NV IA Of Sc
IA 32-6-2S, containing 20
acres. Consideration $500
U. S. to E. NJ. Wells, patent, NE
IA of 1924.
White Bluffs Land & Irr Co to
NJ. Weber. ct vir. deed, tract No.
81 of White Bluffs City and Or
chard tracts, containing $40
acres. Consideration $4,000
Continued on PageO
The Kennewick courier. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1905-1914, 1911-02-10
RECORDED

Filings in the Auditors Office for the week beginning
February LIST and ending February 7th at noon.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1911-08-07
GARY WORKS TEAM
DEFEATS MUTUALS
Visitors Are Shown What a
Really Fine Ball Team
Gary Has.

The Gary Works team defeated the
Chicago MutualS in a one-sided game
Sunday afternoon at Gary Works park
by score of 10 to L. Groin pitched
fine ball for seven innings only one
sacrifice hit being made off his delivery.
The Mutuals making four hits in the
18th and Sth innings scoring their only
tally. The Gary contingent landed on
Ray Dolan for total of twenty -onc
hits and a total OF fifteen runs. Doyle.
Burgwald and Martin pulled off
double play that was the feature of the
game. The score:
Hits off Crozier. 4, Vanderk1oot. Aus
tin, Without, Powers. Hits off Dolan, Il
copeland, Martin 8, Kelly 3, Jones 8.
Burgwald 2, Scott 8, Bayle 3, Wilkins 2,
and Czoier. Two base hits-Martin.
Kelly 2, Scott D. Struck out by Crozier
8. Struck out by Dolan 2. Base on
ball off Crozier 2--Powers Lowery.
Base on balls off Dolan 2-Burgwald.
Hit by pitch ball, Crozier-t Austin.
Hit by pitched ball Dolan Jones.
Passed ball Powers. Double play
Bayle to Burgwald to Martin Umpire
Reading.
Gary Works ----.o 0 2 3 0--15
FMutuals --..--..0 0 0 1 O.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1911-08-07

After the shortest balance of the
season" suspension on record, Joseph
Faversham Finnegan Tinker was re-
instated yesterday, but did not partici-
pate in the defeat of the Cubs a the
hands of Brooklyn by g. score of to /
in the final game of the series
Tinker was reinstated by Manager
Chance just before yesterdays game
and, as the Cubs did not play any
games from between the time of his
suspension and it's removal. the short
stop did not lose any pay. The $3.50 fine
also was declared off. AS 1t had been
advertised that Tinker would not play
yesterday. it was decided to permit him
to take day off. The Cubs always try
to live up to advertisement in the mat
ter of public entertainment.
The terms of the agreement were
"amicable." 1t was reached at con-
ference between Chance and Tinker
soon after the players reported for pre-
liminary practice. The confab between
manager and player took place in the
office of the club at the park and at
its conclusion the cheering announce
ment was made that everything was
off again and Tinker was on the pay
roll again, Just as if nothing had hap
pened.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1911-08-07
INDIANA HARBOR.

Little Leo, the two year old son of
Alderman and Mrs Ferdinand Ketcik
died Saturday morning at o'clock.
The immediate cause OF death, stomach
trouble, brought on from a recent at
tack OF scarlet fever. At 5 o'clock
Saturday morning the little fellow had
an attack of vomiting and the doctor
was immediately summoned but after
an examination of the patient declared
nothing could be done that would save
his life. Besides his father and mother.
three OF his brothers and his three sis
ters were at the bedside. his brother
Macmillan being sick and unable to be
present. The funeral will take place
today
Beverly Chew who returned from the
east the middle OF last week is hav-
ing trouble with his leg again and is
laid up at the home OF Mr.. Albert De-
Wolf Erskine on Schiller street in Chi
cago. Mr.. Chew had the same trouble
some time ago, the affliction being IN
the shin bone.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1911-08-07
UH[AN GOES TO BEAT
ZOO TO WAGON TO-DAY
Champion Trotter Will Be
Driven Against Lou Dill
Ions Record.

Cleveland. Ohio. Aug. THE attempt
of Uhlan, acknowledged champion of
the trotting world. to lower the wagon
record of two minutes, at present held
by Lou Dillon, will mark the opening
of the grand circuit races at North
Randall today.
If the great trotter Is allowed to
start later in the week in an attempt
to lower the record to sulky, without
the use of wind shields, the event will
take Its place one of the star events
of the year, let alone of the meeting.
Last year Uhlan placed the trotting
record to sulky at 1:5SA, and few who
saw the speed wonder step the mile, on
a day that was far from ideal, are of
the opinion that he will fail to estab-
lish a new mark in either his wagon
or su1xy trials.
In all 236 horses are entered in the
seventee nevents which compose the
weeks card, not counting the preiimi-
naries to the tavern steak. These
preliminaries will bring up the number
of events to either twenty-three or
twenty four, according to the number
of preliminaries required.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1911-08-07
BUGS RAYMOND
is HIT HARD BY
HARBOR TEAM

Bugs Raymond the former pitcher
of the New York Giants. failed to show
semi-pro class in a game with Harry
Forbes Athletics against Indiana Har-
Dor Saturday at Indiana Harbor.
Muggsy McGraw's eccentric twirler
made joke of the Forbes end of the
game and the come backs" aggrega-
ton were beaten 7 to 1.
While on the slab for the Athletics,
Raymond acted his part of bug house"
in more ways than one, giving the In
diana Harbor players all the chance in
the world to wallop the ball His ia
nous splitter" was cracked in the nose
time and again for base hits, and he
showed none of the speed and curves
that made. hi mmuch feared by all the
big league batters-
Bugs was given another tryout
with Forbes team in the game against
Laporte yesterday and was beaten a
second time. Raymond was we'll sup
ported by Billie Heideman as backstop
and a well balanced team of fast semi
pros Harry Forbes saved his team
from a shutout in the ninth when he
hit for two bases with Heideman on
second. Score:
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1911-08-07
NORTHERN
INDIANA
LEAGUE

The longest game of the season in
the Northern Indiana baseball league
was played between Hammond and
Gary at Hammond yesterday when the
two teams went fourteen innings to
tie the score being to 4. The
game was called on account of dark
ness.
Umpire Ruff, who ruled on the bases
was very apparently persona non
grata with the big crowd and In the
ninth inning he walked off the field.
leaving Umpire Clapper IN charge.
Duke Walker pitched splendid
game and put away ten strikeouts
against eight by Novak. Gary's pitcher.
who Is to have a chance with the Cub
team next year. The score:
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1911-08-07

Washington. August 3.-Pensions
were granted the following Indianians
today: Elvina ]. Alexander. $12: Rachel
J. Atkinson. IL, David S Boswell, SIT;
William Bussey, So; Thomas B. Daw-
son. $50; Harriet Devine, S12; Grancis
NJ. Digger, SIS; Sara NJ Forbes, s12;
Andrew ]. Hite, s12; John H. Huffman,
SIS; Easter T. Loden, IS; Lee McClain.
IS; Isaac w. Mccormick. IT; John w.
Martin. $50; David Masterson. SIS: John
S. Olinger, s24; Katherine Shamback.
s12; John Shuman, $40; Nathan STAFF
ford. $40. Emily sullivan. s12; George
A. Switz<r. $50: MagdaIena Tremor. s12
Drusilla Ward. $I2; Philip Wolfen-
burger. 500: Annie Young. $12.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1911-08-07
EAST CHICAGO
IND. HARBOR
EAST CHICAGO.

Mrs. James Lewis and the children
are visiting Mrs. Lewiss parents in
Centralia, Ill. Mr.. Lewis will join his
family there next Saturday and they
will all then go to St. Louis for a
weeks visit with Mr.. Lewis family.
Mr.. C. ]. Hall, bookkeeper for Smith
& Lewis is in Michigan spending his
two weeks vacation with his parents
at Jackson and also taking in some of
the Michigan sumner resorts
Mr.. and Mrs. II. X. Groves spent Sat-
urday and Sunday the guests OF
Mr.. and Mrs. L. B. Mckenzie of Chi
cago.
Sergeant Michael German returned
Saturday night from his ten days va
cation which he spent in Mudlavia
The alfalfa kept on growing at his
farm while he was away. just the same
as If he was on hand to watch it.
Mr.. George Reuss left yesterday for
South Bend to join his wife who has
been visiting friends there for the past
week.
Mr.. and Mrs. August Johnson spent
yesterday at St. Luke's hospital in Chi
cago visiting Miss Ella Lyons who has
beer, sick in the hospital for some time.
Miss Lyons expects to leave for her
home in Brooke. Ind. tomorrow.
Mrs. Slagle of Westville, Ind. ar
rived in East Chicago this morning for
a visit with her sister, Mrs. John
Goulding of Forsythe avenue.
George Standish left yesterday for
Northern Wisconsin on two weeks
vacation trip.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Hartman and
family of Beacon street yesterday en-
tertained Miss Ella Carlin. principal of
one of the Pittsburg schools Miss Mar
garet Kennedy of the Muncie schools
and Father Kirk OF San Francisco.
Father Kirk officiated at the last mass
at ST. Mary's yesterday and preached
a sermon that held the congregation in
rapt attention from the time he start
ed until he had finished. The young
priests delivery was splendid and his
thought and vocabulary of the highest
order
Mrs. Mary Woods of Vincennes, Ind,
is spending a few weeks with her sister
Mrs. A. W. LeRue. of East Chicago
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1911-08-07
CHICAGO SWIMMER
TAKES THIRD PLACE

st. Louis, Mo-, Aug. "A. w. Goss-
ling of the Missouri Athletic club won
the five mile swimming race down the
Mississippi river from Eads Bridge to
the Western Rowing clubs boathouse
yesterday afternoon. His time was
1:12:20. Chauncey Heath was second
in 1.13:o7. Will s. Merriam of the Chi
cago Athletic association finished third.
his time being 1:17:30. Merriam was
far behind the leaders until a mile
from the finish, when he began clos
ing the gap. He was beaten but fifteen
yards at the finish.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1911-08-07
COFFROTH IN
lin BAD CLUB"

San Francisco. Cal. Aug. 7.-As the
result of too great activity In politics
James Coffroth is in danger OF retire.
ment as a fight promoter in San Fran
cisco. His application for an August
permit already has been held up for
two weeks, and there is little hope
that it will receive favorable response
when the board of supervisors meets
on Monday for final action. When
they discussed Coffroth's application 1t
was announced that action would be
postponed until they were assured that
Billy Papke. a discredited fighter in Of
fetal circles. was not to be contest
ant. Now it develops that a mammoth
streamer suspended above the ring in
which wolgast and Moran battled on
July 4 Is the real cause. The streamer
advised all good citizens to vote for
James Rolph, Mayor McCarthy's oppo-
nent. for chief executive of the city.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1911-08-07
, CALENDAR OF SPORTS
FOR THE WEEK
MONDAY.

9 start of the Detroit to Buffalo .
q cruise contest of the Great Lakes .
Q Power Boat league. =
= Annual regatta of the North .
. western Yachting association at Z
q Lake Geneva, Wis. Z
. Opening of summer race meet 4
O ing at the King Edward Driving =
. park, Montreal.
g Annual tournament of Western
O Trap Shooters association opens
. at Omaha. Z
. Corinthian Football club of
. England plays at Hamilton, Ont z
. Tommy Murphy VS.. Battling Z
. Hurley. ten rounds, at Jefferson
q Vile. Ind.
q Pacific northwest championship
. tennis tournament opens at Ia
q coma.
. Albert provincial championship
q tennis tournament opens at Cal
y gary. Alta
q Maine state championship ten
= mis- tournament opens at Bar Har-
= Dor.
q TUESDAY. 4
Q Motor boat races for the gold
q challenge cup begin at Alexan-
. dria Bay, N. Y
Championship tournament OF 4
= Eastern Professional Golfers as
= ISOLATION at Red Bank, n. j.
y Vermont state championship
y tennis tournament opens at st. 4
= Johnsbury, VT.
. Billy Papke vs.. Sailor Burke, 4
. ten rounds, at Twentieth Century I
q A. c., New York. 4
WEDNESDAY.
= Opening of annual open air 4
= horse show at Charlottesville. Va I
q Corinthian football club of Eng 4
y land plays at Toronto.
q Jim Smith VS.. Sam Langford, 4
q ten rounds, at New York. 4
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1911-08-07
Games Today.
Chicago at philadelphia.
St. Louis at Washington.
Detroit at New York.
Cleveland at Boston.

Philadelphia, Pa, Aug. "A quiet
day was spent by the ambitious White
Sox yesterday because a quiet day was
desired above all things. No ball play
ers ever welcome a day off more than
the weary Chicago athletes from
week of double headers, and today luck
has wor nthe men out both physically
and mentally, and they thanked the
old time Puritans and Quakers for es-
tablishing those ancient laws against
Sabbath breaking, for 1t has prevented
Sunday baseball in all these parts.
Some of the boys had planned a trip
to Atlantic City for dip in the ocean,
but all abandoned that, and the near
est thing to excitement about the camp
was a 10 cent P. G..
The Sox didn't have double headers
every day, but 1t seemed as If they did
They had only one game last Monday
in New York, then two on Tuesday,
followed by two on Wednesday In
Washington, and two again on Friday,
with one hard struggle on Saturday to
wind up the week.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1911-08-07
BLOOMER GIRLS
ARE WINNERS

The Boston Bloomer Girls put up a
high class of baseball at Gunther park
yesterday, defeating the Chicago Amer
leans by the score of IL to 6. The
game was witnessed by one of the
largest crowds of the year at the north
side park. there being fully 5000 peo-
pie crowded into the grounds. The
feature of the game was a home run
by Mae O'Connor in the eighth inning.
Florence Wood pitched good ball early
in the game and then retired to short
stop. where she put up a clever game.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1911-08-07

Mulkern, manager of Clabby. has
signed contracts for the trip to Au-
stralia, and for the next eight months
Clabby will be under contract to Hugh
Mcintosh Clabby probably will meet
Dave Smith and Marcel Moreau and
Euestache, two prominent Partisan
boxers.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1911-08-07
COLTS BEAT LANSING

The Zimmerman Colts went to Lam
sing yesterday and defeated the Lam
sing Colts by a score of II to 4. Bill
Krug pitched fine game and allowed
only eight hits. The Zimmerman Colts
began to clout the ball all over the
field until they were stopped in the
eighth inning. Score:
Colts ...........2 o Oil
Lansing ....0 o.