Omaha daily bee., 1911-11-05
ALL FROM A GRAIN OF CORN
Many Things the Wizards Of Science
Extract from Cereal.
VERSATILITY OF THE KING
Range OF Usefulness from Food Co
Fireworks, Automobile Tires,
Rubber Heels sud HAIR
..t. Tonic.

There once was a time-and not such
a great many years ago at thRt--wheu In
Aan corn was considered fine feed for
fNtteninE cattle and poultry aud that
was about all.
Just see what the wizard OF science,
otherwise the food expert and chemist, Is
able TO do with a grain Of corn today.
He separates the shell or hun from the
stsrchy inside, or endosperm aud ALSO
removes the heart. or germ. OF the grain,
and from these three different substances
he makes such a variety Of products that
they must not be written down In one
lonR list. Some OF them, such as bread
and syrup. have q food value. Others,
such as fireworks, soap and rubber heels.
have not
Back in 1881 DR.. H. w. Wiley chief OF
the bureau OF chemistry, Department Of
Agriculture said: Corn, the new Amer-
can king. now supplies us with bread,
meat and sugar which we need, as well
az with whisky. witch we can do with
out" Today he might add 60 the fore
going table syrup, oil for frylng, candy,
gum feed cake for cattle, preserves aud
Jelly, And then, turning for moment
from the food value found I'm a grain OF
corn TO the other substances and compost
tons derived from that same grain, DR.
Wiley might add laundry starch, the new
safe and sane Fourth OF July fire.
crackers known a. "sparklerp," automo-
bile tires rubber heels. soap. paint, var
nish and hair tonlcs.
'NVonderful"' you may remark, The
Wizard OF science says Il Is. all very
simple The secret consists In know
inc Just how to divide the grain OF corn
In order to abstract fine syrup from one
part. starch from another, oil from AN
other and so on without getting them
mixed.
Substitute for Rubber,
How do they make automobile tires
out OF grains of corn?" may be asked.
To answer frankly and honestly. they
don't. But out of the very heart, or
germ. OF the grain a certain oil, known
as corn oil, Is extracted. Then by vul-
canizing process this oil Is converted into
rubber substitute, which Is used In the
manufacture Of various articles, such as
Insulating material, rubber heels. auto
mobile tires and rain coats As for the
corn oil itself, it is used IN the manu-
faeture of soap. soft soap and soap pow
ders. oilcloth and leather. paints and
varnishes.
The old way OF using corn was TO feed
Il TO the cattle, either on the cob or In
grains, or by grinding II up. just as Il
came from the cob, to make cornmeal.
| Today the wizard OF science takes a
grain of corn and first Of all sleeps II
In water. The grain absorbs certain
portion OF the water, swelling somewhat
In consequence. and there results a loos-
ening and softening OF the various COM
ponent parts OF the grain. The steep
water containing the solubeB of the corn
! is drawn off and subsequently evaporGted
and Incorporated with other parts of the
grain to make gluten feed
Tho next step ls to grind the stepped
corn somewhat closely, so closely. In fact,
that the little heart or germ of the grain
Is not broken. Then follows another
stepping process, by means OF which the
component parts OF the ground corn arc
easily separated. The light and oily
| parts, in obedience to the laws govern
ing specific gravity, rise. and the heavier
parts sink. and so a separation of germs,
hullS and endosperm is effected.
The germs are dried and from them Is
produced oil and oiicake. The huN are
! likewise separated and mixed with the
gluten and corn soiubles 10 form gluten
! feed. The endosperm Is separated into
its component parts, starch and gluten.
From the starch the three following
classes OF products are derived; Dry
starches, corn syrups and sugars and the
doctrines, The syrups and sugars are
obtained by process known as hydronz-
] tina H. a.
chemical decomposition OF the starch aud
| the formation of new compounds when
the starch is absorbed by water. A sub.
seauent refining and evaporating process
is necessary for the production OF the
corn syrups and sugars. The doctrines
otherwise the gummy compounds formed
by the action OF heat on starch. are pro-
duced from the corn starch by a process
OF roasting.
Career OF the Grain Germ.
Getting back TO the very germ OF the
grain OF corn, II Is interesting 10 follow
its career stu further. When the germ
which contains the oil is separated from
the remaining portion Of the grain It is
dried. ground and subjected to hydraulic
pressure whereby the oil is extracted
The oil is filtered after settling and then
still further refined 10 get rid OF any
free, fatty acids 10 improve the taste and
20 tighten the color. Then this oil is
ready for frying and cooking purposes
salad oil, for shortening for bread and
cake, for pharmaceutical purposes, such
as ammonia linlments and camphorated
oil.
The various starches obtained from the
grain OF corn are almost too numerous 10
mention, but among others are the ia
miliar corn, laundry and confectionery
starcheB. They have a multitude OF uses
for foods such as jellies and puddings
baking powder, pastes, sauces, candles,
gumdrops, lozenges, for brewing beers
and aies, for stiftenIng and finishing
yarns and fabrics In textile industries, In
paper manufacture as a filler. fnisheI
and size, for cosmetics, asbestos, soap,