davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1911-02-28
Names DUNCAN in
Heisley's Place
Upon the Bench
Somerset County Man Wins
Contest for $500 Ju-
dicial Position.
= IFrOm a stan Correspondent ]

TRENTON. Feb Ex-Governor Will
son today transmitted to the Senate the
following nominations:
For Circuit Court judge to succeed
Wilbur A. Heisley. whose term expires
March -, Nelson Y. DUNCAN, of Somer-
set county, for a full term of seven
years; salary $500 year.
For member Of Palisade Interstate
Park Commission. George w Perkins
and William B. Dana. both reappointeG
for terms of five years; no salary.
AS customary under the rules. the
three nominations We're in executive
session referred to the judiciary com
mittee o. the Senate
Colonel DUNCAN has been connected
with the National Guard for several
years, and he is at present colonel of
the Second Regiment, and has always
been active in political affairs of SOM
erset county.
Assemblyman La Monte several weeks
ago confidently predicted the DUNCAN
appointment.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1911-02-28

Another filibuster was In progress
Another name had been added to The
list OF long-distance takers. The lungs
OF Senator Crawford. Of South Dakota,
were the medium through which a vote
on the Lorimer case had been prevent
ed during the night in the face of de-
termination on the part Of Senator
Lorimer's supporters to put the endur-
ance of his opponents to a test
More and older members were kept
in the Senate chamber throughout the
night than on any occasion within the
legislator present. Again and again
there were roll-calls to develop wheth-
er there were was a quorum present,
and not once did the attendance fall be-
low 66, which is 20 more than a ma
Jority of the Senate membership.
Whenever the bells were sounded for
q roll-call scenes were enacted not un-
like those in city parks at dawn fol-
lowing long. sultry summer nights.
The bell In the Senate chamber was
like the rap of a policeman's baton
signaling the sleepers that it was time
to turn out. Everyone of the leather
settees was occupied with a sleeper.
IIllS cOTulllOn not only existed IN Ine
cloak rooms and in the marble room.
but around the walls of the chamber.
AS the senator's names were called
they would pile off the improvised beds
and take their places until their names
were reached. Then there would be
scrambles for places, for there were not
couches enough for all.
Senator Crawford, at 1918 p M. took
the floor to speak in opposition to
Senator Lorimer. He held the floor
until 6:1S this morning. exactly eight
hours. He appeared good for another
eight hours, but to conserve his
strength for another attack if neces-
sary, he surrendered the floor to Sena-
tor Bristow. who demonstrated during
the tariff fight that he was capable
Of speaking at length.
One advantage was gained in the
early night by tho Lorimer forces. In
surgent Republicans had left the cham
Der for a conference and only the
Democratic opponents of Senator Lori
mer were on guard. In a momentary
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1911-02-28
CAN'T KEEP MONEY
IN COLD STORAGE.
Says Attorney In Opposing New
Reserve Measure.

TRENTON. Feb. 28.-The committee
on banking and insurance gave a hear
ing today on the Streitwolf bill. To
compel trust companies to keep on hand
reserve fund Of 10 per cent. In cash.
Willard C. Fisk, counsel for the State
bankers association, said that such ii
law would cause a disastrous panic In
New Jersey.
Money in a safe deposit vault, he
said, was of no more value than money
in a hole In the ground. Cash could
not, he continued, fall under the pro-
visions of Mr., James's cold-storage bill.
James Is a member of the banking
committee.
Others who appeared against the bill
were William c. Heppenheimer, of Jer-
sey City; Uzal H. McCarter and Win
ton C. Garrison, Newark; C. H. K. Hal
sey. Elizabeth.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1911-02-28
MATTHEWS MEASURE
TURNED DOWN BY SENATE.
IFrom a stan correspondent. ]

TRENTON. Feb. 2s.-The Matthews
substitute for the Senate resolution
concerning sine die adjournment, was
not concurred in by the Senate today,
the majority opposing the resolution.
Senators Prince. Bradley and Freling-
huysen characterized the House sub
stitute as a cheap political game.
Senator Osborne took exception to
referring to the Matthews resolutions
as cheap politics. Senator Frelinghuy-
sen declared that is exactly what the
substitute was. He told of the politi-
cal debate in the House when the sub
stitute was passed and contrasted the
latter with the resolution originally
passed by the Senate.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1911-02-28
MAN WHO CUT HIS
THROAT, FEARING
CENSUS, DIES MAD
Widow, Destitute, Is Trying to
Support Four Wee Ones
by Washing.

Rudolf Itten, of 1874 Sixteenth avenue,
who, crazed by fear Of the census man,
attempted suicide last April and died
at Overbrook Insane Asylum yesterday,
will be buried tomorrow.
Believing the census authorities would
order him back to Switzerland, his
birthplace, because he had not become
a citizen of the United States, Mr.. Itten
slashed his throat with a razor on April
20 last, the day the census agent was
expected.
At the City Hospital where he was
rushed, 1t was decided by the physi-
clans the demented man had cut HIM
self too deeply to be saved. Desperate
work by the ambulance surgeon, how
ever. saved the mans life. Two months
later Mr.. Itten was discharged from the
hospital and allowed to return home.
1t was then believed he had recovered
his sanity.
Feared He Would Harm Family.
Recently his Ats of insanity re-
turned, and the man often told his wife
Mrs. Frieda Itten, he was afraid he
would lose control OF himself and hurt
her or one of their four children. On
January 20 he was committed to the
Overbrook Insane Asylum, where he at
first gave evidences Of becoming cured.
Last Saturday Mrs. Itten visited her
husband at the asylum and found him
completely insane. The man did not
recognize his wife Early Monday
morning his suffering ended in death.
The funeral will be held from the
undertaking establishment of Adolph
Pfeil, at 173 Court street Services will
be conducted by the Rev. Charles
Girtanner, pastor OF the First German
Reformed Church in Blum street. Mem
bers of Emil Frei Circle No. 36,
Brotherhood of America, and Grutli
Verein, of Newark. with which Mr.
Itten was affiliated, will attend the
funeral. Interment will be made in
Paramount Cemetery.
Came from Switzerland In 1900.
Mr.. Itten was born at Spice, Switzer-
land, forty-five years ago In 1890 he
came to this country and settled In
Newark. Six years later he married
the then Miss Frieda Koenig, and for
number of years was employed at
his trade. butcher. In many OF the local
wholesale meat houses. When he at
tempted suicide he was living at 4S9h
Twelfth avenue with his wife and four
children, Anna. 10; Frederick, II; LII
lie, years old. and Frteda, IA months.
Mrs. Itten has been supporting her
stricken husband and four children
since last April. The family moved to
the Sixteenth avenue home, where, by
working hard taking in washing, the
brave woman. kept her family together
Today. when neighbors called on her
and offered to procure aid, the widow
declared she did not seek assistance to
keep her children at school and the
humble home intact.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1911-02-28

WV HEN the
w effect af
the Senate 500 its alngh
for that yesterday morning.
that adjournment would be taken until o o'clock
tive o February
II m
ahve day. of yesterday provide
Senator'S by follow reading
The upon
the reading the journal in full determined that
its omission should sacrifice possible parliamentary
the existing
The journal unusually
The
Georgia. endeavoed offer
rederai elections should
States the Legislatures which
method Of holding
the rol-cal proceeded with.
Vote on the Resolution.
Following s The election senator's
Bradley Briggs Bstow
Burke Burton Carter Chamberlain Capp Clark (wyomne)
kansasl cubson culom Cummns Dupont Frye
Nelson, Newlands, Nixon Payn
shvey Simmons Smith arland Smith tMchgan
lna), Stephenson,
Watson Young-54
N-Bacon Bankea Brandgee Bulkely Bunham Burrows Crane
Depew Dick Dillingham; Fletcher Flint Hepburn
Johnston, Kean Lodge, Lorime Money Oliver Page,
son Root Scott smoot Tlaferro Tlman Warren
Senator Calinger first
vetence, and asked to be recorded negative.
The Senator's Adch Crawford
Georgia announced that had they
Senator Crawford entering after complete
been delayed a stalled aye
From the Democratic
electons senators made with
Southern
The Lormer continued speaking
At 1910 the roal began the
All
seeking
his permit
relation pending
O'Clock this morning taken until II o'clock
nounced that there chance for an agreement
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1911-02-28
MRS. SIMS SHAKES
HEAD IN REPROACH
At HER HUSBAND
She Catches His Eye While He
Is Testifying for His
Kin.

Ernest l.. Sims. the youthful-looking
husband of Mrs. Myra c. Sims, re-
sumed the witness-tand in the hear
ing of the $4,000 damage suit for the
alleged alienation of her husbands af-
fections by his father, step-mother and
sister, and was carefully led over the
history of his married life by Attorney
Joseph A. Beecher.
When Sims declared emphatically
that his letters from Chicago to his
wife contained no terms of endearment
as she had testified, Mrs. Sims was
so overcome by her emotions that II
was necessary to lead her from the
courtroom. With her handkerchief
pressed to her eyes, she sobbed violent
ly. After a short stay in the judges
room she recovered her equaninity
somewhat and returned to the court
room.
Mrs. Sims sat close. to her lawyers
as usual. The brown coat she had worn
at the three preceding days of the
hearing was exchanged today for a
she kept closely buttoned despite the
heat of the stuffy court room.
AS young Sims took his seat in the
witness-chair his wife caught his eye
for a moment. She shook her head
slowly In a reproachful manner at
him. He flushed and turned quickly
away, and not cree again during the
morning session did he allow his eyes
fn In ~ h ,,.{fo
Some of Sims's answers while he was
under cross-examlnation caused rip
pies of smCthered laughter to float
across the court room, while others
caused buzz of comment that almost
amounted to a hiss.
Sims neither spared himself or his
wife in his answers to questions, and
said several times that he had been
called fool by his father and brother
in-law.
Wife Strikes Husband.
1t developed just before court ad-
journed for the noon recess that Sims
had once been struck by his wife
Sims told the court that 1t happened
when they were living on Clifton ave-
nue., where they had moved with the
intention Of keeping boarders, but had
failed to obtain any.
my wife and 1 had an argument
about our heavy expenses" said Sims,
land she showed me around and then
hit me on the side Of the face"
did you hit back at her?" queried
Attorney Beecher.
mo, did not" said Sims in a low
tone.
Don't imagine you did?" remarked
someone In an undertone that was
heard In most parts of the courtroom
1t took the efforts of four court off,
GERS to keep silence as the spectators
gazed first at the 11S-pound husband
and then at the 1s0-pound wife.
In resuning his direct exami-
(Csntinued on Second Pass.l
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1911-02-28
Change In Election Methods Is Rejected, After
Ml-night FilibuSter to Delay Vote on
Case OF Illinois Man.
LORIMER FORCES CATCH OPPONENTS
MAPPING, and GAIN AN ADVANTAGE
Quorum Calls Shake Sleeping Senator's from I'M
prOvised BerthS, the Scene Resembling That
in Parks on Summer Nights.

p MT
ton o. Uni tn senators resoIuti
twothir the
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1911-02-28

Horse Blankets. New stock
saclnet & Dcremus Co.. 7as Broad ptreet.-Adv,
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1911-02-28
WASHINGTON, Feb. 28.

wv HEN the Senate convened IL
w effect compromise had failed The battle the r
W fccting Senator exactly where I
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1911-02-28

The preamble recites the history OF
the Morris canal, showing it's origin
by State charter in 1924 it's operation
during a period of years, and it's de-
cline because of changed conditions
and methods of transportation" and
the present necessity for it's abandon
ment.
The bill provides that the charter Of
the Morris Canal and Banking Com
pany shall be repealed upon the filing
In the office of the secretary of state
(Continued ON Third Pase.,
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1911-02-28

(Csatinued on second Page,
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1911-02-28

tContinued oA Third Pase.l
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1911-02-28

tContinued ON Thira Pass.,
The Dolores star., 1911-08-11
TWO WAYS TO COOK POTATOES
Methods That Possibly May De New
to Some Of Our Housewife
Readers.

First-Take fresh. new potatoes,
about the size OF q marble, and boil
them about 20 minutes. When done.
pour OF water and let steam evapor-
ate. Have boiling lard in skillet; fry
about FIVE minutes. Lift out and
drain quickly. then put them into q
saucepan with two tablespoons Of
butter. into which you have rubbed a
teaspoon prepared mustard. Add dash
Of cayenne pepper and two teaspoons
vinegar. Cook three minutes, shak-
ing constantly. Add yolks Of two
eggs, well beaten. Serve immediate
y.
Second-Boil. peel and mash flns
six potatoes. Add one tablespoon but
ter. minced parsley and half an onion
minced very fine. Add yolks Of two
eggs. beaten very light: then form
the potatoes into balls and throw
them for two minutes into boiling wa
ter: take out, brush with the whites
Of the eggs, roll In powdered bread
crumbs and fry In boiling lard. Drain
and serve with FISH or meat
The Dolores star., 1911-08-11

Notified butter Is generally due tc
improper working.
Udder troubles are frequently the
result Of bad feeding.
More sunshine for the big producers
more fresh air for the whole herd.
Sunlight and pleasant surroundings
are great factors In stimulating large
milk yields.
Dairy work Ii no longer guest
work. but science. simple, Il Ii true
but all the same science.
When the cream runs on the spoor
like oil and has = slight acid taste u
10 usually ripe for churnins.
Salt on the casein In butter forms
lighter spots and the remedy IL thor
ouxh washing before sailing.
A fiimsy fence will not restrain a
bull--and will cause no end OF annoy
ance. especially In = busy season.
The secret Of = big. steady sumner
milk nov 10 . generous and uninter
rup,ed supply Of good succulence.
The COW should have \ capacity &c
produce more milk than she Ii caiiet
upon 10 produce In ordinary dair,
work.
The COW should BE- fed 10 that she
viii produce q full now Of milk and
maintain practically the same nesl
condition.
From twelve 10 twenty-fonr hours
before churninG you should commences
10 ripen the cream. according 10 thu
time Of the year.
Dairying need DOT imply abandoning
wheat. but more wheat on less acres
10th bread and butter should BE- pro
duceA on the farm.
Orading Of cream h receiving mors
attention BY the dairy press and dairy
men than Il possibly hes In the kistor,
Of the dairy business.
Ever sosice how the dairy business
booms whsa The ewsss 10 Interested Il
this vorhs There = too much 'aeh .
interest aneae da1syusa.
The Dolores star., 1911-08-11
SOMETHING NEW IN FORKS
THE --latest Nas On Attashmens Ter
Pushing Things on the rlnss
-Nsnay In kitsheN.

A fork with an attachment for r..
Inovina things that may be stuck on
the tines has been devised BY IN
Illinois man. The. attachment con-
sists Of piece Of wire wound around
the tines and doubled upon itself to
form long shaft that runs up the
handle Of the fork. BY pushing this
device down the wires scrape on any
thing that may be chnging to the
points OF the fork. Only the cook
viii appreciate the usefulness Of this
Implement. but there are many occar
The Dolores star., 1911-08-11

he cows In . stall according to their
aiso. to have suficient bedding to
keep them clean and comfortable to
keep the hair short IN the region Of
the udder. groom the cows every day.
10 wash them before every milking
with clean. warm water and Q brush.
and just before milking each COW to
clean the udder again with clean.
vet towel.
During ~ time the tails Of the
COWS to b milked are fastened with
cow-taii holders. such ~ the one
shown 10 the illustration. The pincers
saap around The cows tall and the rub.
ess bead \ passsd around the lee On
- cAa1n.
Aftse he COWS ars washed. : small
chatn = fastened across the stanch-
Ions under the cows necks to prevent
thsa mon lying down: after they are
sailked. the chains are unfastened and
the COWS arc allowed to lie down.
The manure 10 mot removed Inn
msdiateiy before milking. and moth
tng 10 done which will raise . dust.
- dust u one Of the most prolific
sources of milk contamination.
The Dolores star., 1911-08-11
INCREASE IN NATIONS rink
OF Distilled Spirits tes.ooo. 900 Gallons
Consumed. 100000 More
Than Last Year.

simultaneously with the announce
ment that our total population In the
homeland and Its colonies has passed
the 100. 1000 mark. comes another
oficiai announcement which causes
, thrill Of q different character. Ac.
cording to the figures Of the internal
revenue bureau. the fiscal year lately
ended has been marked by the largest
consumption Of liquors ever known In
this country. OF distilled spirits 1885,.
O0o. 900 gallons have been consumed.
being 10000. 900 more than last year.
During the same time. 5s.ts5.ii7 bar.
rels Of fsrmented liquor have been
consumed, being an increase o. 5000.
900 barrels. For many years We have
been gathering to ourselves q vast
foreign population. For the last half
decade. our annual immigration has
averaged three-Quarters Of q million
At the port Of New York alone. This
big army Of newcomers has brought
with Il tho drinking customs Of the
old world. and Il win not BE- until the
second generation that they can b.
hopefully converted to the modern
scientific Temperance view. Another
cause Of the increase 10 that our gov.
eminent stili Allows liquor to BE- car.
ried Into and through dry" statcs,
regardless Of the will Of the people,
thus spreading the evil Of intsmpss.
ance.
These ngures. startling though they
are. need give no cause FOR discour.
agcmeut. The increase. % W have
shown. b more apparent than real.
The fact remains. and should not b
forgotten. that nearly 10000 900 Of our
populatiou are living under temper.
ance laws u their own voluntary %.
actment---a larger number than eve
before. Thus. though the evil isseli
grows. the remedy grows q . stlI|
more rapid rate. ocientiac sducat,ea
IN our schools coacsrnins the nature
and effects u aleoAei ause b pushed
vigorously n I'll he ssatss. Or
churches anl ts0peranee oeyastao
tens oet togetAes ~ woek hasuno
loxaly TT this eo0nea en1.
The Dolores star., 1911-08-11
DANNY COW N me sUmllER
~ 49, ~ ossSOhs-o tsssksn 30
s tuese Ass DisssSss0lWU -<seD
AnlmoDe cemeertoble.

y Il
(By n. q. WEATHER0TOMEJ
ne late summer months ~ To
most critical time Of the year for ths
dairy COWS and the most trying time
Ter their owner. ny pests and
arought-stricksn pastures are discour'
aging 70 . dairyman. Everything pos
sible should be done to reduce the
loss and suffering Of the cattle during
this period. flnd that II pays 70 keep
the COWS inside during tho heat Of
the day and feed supplemental forage
crops and . little grain feed.
The sight Of herd Of cattle stamp
Ing niss In drousht-stricken pasture
DOES not speak favorably Of profits
and comfort. I have never bsen In
favor of growing acres Of forage crops
and catch crops for soiling purposes.
for ON the average farm It Il not nee.
essary.
However. Il does pay TO hold over
IN abundance Of snsilage and cut
either alfalfa. clover or corn to feed
the cows when the pastures are fail
Ing. No catch crop exceeds these reg
ular crops In the amount or quality
Of forage Yielded per acre and when
they are harvested In the ordinary
way they will furnish the best feed for
the herd during the winter.
In trying TO save tons Of hay and
bushels Of grain for winter feeding
many men allow dollars Of immediate
profit to slip through their fingers. BY
holding back these crops for winter
feeding when their animals are SUI
fering and falling away In flesh con-
dition.
II 10 far more sensible to cut and
feed q portion Of the green feed than
II 10 to take the land out Of the regu.
lar rotation and grow supplemental
crops that are less desirable for soil.
ing purposes. II seems dimcult to
impress It upon the average mans
mind that the best winter feeding
crops are the best selling crops.
The Dolores star., 1911-08-11
INDUCES CRAVING FoR DRINK
Wsil-knewn gnOlish Gys opssIslIss
Advances New Rsasss Ter whisky
Habit IN peer 9yee.

ItWA
i - . queer theory which 2 nov
oesne put iorwsro ID exp'aeApoa o.
drunkenness' II you suuss nom eye
strain-estismatism-yoe run ne risl
g becoming . vicum q Me whssk,
naoit uniess a - speossnst = COZ
suited ana slasses oOssinee 70 suis tne
asiectiss sSaI
very many peopie VINO sn'nA tnei'
EYES are qu'ts ~ nsns hy
asuematic. wsn-.noM Esslsn eye
speciaiist aeciaFes. ma tsAs NO eteps
70 remedy tne osieot Inc 1ssuM u
mat tney suner irom nsntai me pnys
ica exnausuon' cu'in.tsne "
tense neaoscnes, sno oa'sn 'sae'.s "
Q nervous oreaAooWn.
Tney una " sxpensncs w
notnins eAieviasss tnsss ymp.oms -
quickly g oranoy' sne, wncn ~ ps,n
becomes excessive, u ING msusHty v
work properly sets almoss Inseps.'
ABLE. they drink eraney' uso."y VIZ
sooa weter. wnsn tns e'scs Oh tns
brandy wears on tnere 70 rsecuon
and the symptoms recur WIN erea'ei
violence. ana more OF me spirit u
TAKEN.
AS time goes on 2 efeetsr guam
tity 70 needed to stimulate the system
up to working point ana ~ last you
get to that state when . man can only
do business successfuiiy wnen unoef
the influence OF Alcohol.
The Dolores star., 1911-08-11
Eastern Prod ucs.

Chicago. - Butter-Steady; cream
cries, 2lG26c; dairies, lsQ23c.
Eggs-Steady: at mark, cases In
eluded. 100 14c: firsts. 15hc: prime
firsts. lie.
Cheese-Steady; Daisies. l3h m1tc:
Twins. IAN G13c: Young Americas.
Ian Ulsc; Long Horns. 1914 1l3hc.
Potatoes--Steady: choice to fancy.
ei.t50l.50.
Poultry--Iiye. steady: turkeys. l2c;
fowls. i2hc. springs. lthc.
veal--steady; 80 TO 6o-lb. WITS. SO
Dc; 90 to s5-lb. WITS. ~ u l0hc: So to
ll0lb. wts.. lie.
The Dolores star., 1911-08-11
Eastern Live Stock.

Chicago.-Cattle. market steady to
shade higher. Beeves, S6.0067.35:
Texas steers. stt006.to: Western
steers. Sa.o06G.io: atockers and feed
ers. $4,000 5.35: cows and heifers.
e3.i005 .s5: calves, e5.50U7.7s.
Hogs-Market strong. Light, os.ss
07bo; mixed. e6.7567.so: heavy.
e6.$SG7.3b: rough. e6.&5a675: good
10 choice heavy. e6.7507as: pigs.
e5.6o06.20. bulk Of sales. e6.s0O7.2s.
sheep--Market steady to Toe high.
or. Native. e3.s5a 800: Western. $3.50
Q<.o0: yeariings. e3.7s0&.s0: lambs.
native. es.7s0s75; Western. $3.50
6S6.
The Dolores star., 1911-08-11
MILK FROM DEVON WAS sesT
csssbsstsd Chemist. After exsmlns.
tleN. Olives Me Opinion 90 70
which 10 Sect Tor Dsbles,

Some pears ago celebrated chem.
~. after examining the milk Of differ
ct covs. made the following report
- - vhlch was the best milk to raise
habtes 90: The Jersey had too much
~ b II. the Holstein too much cheese.
- Ne milk from the Devons was the
bsst. ~ n had more sugar In Il and
ssarsr the milk al tbs baby's mother.
says The American cuitivstor. Just
tAsa . yosas mother died leaving .
eaby twelve days old. and II 80 hap
peno1 tAaf he father read this report.
- - ssaeed . fresh Devon milk COW
- es1 ~ habe on the milk Of that
- ~ ners than two years, She
@sw ~ y ~ . nne. large. healthy
yosng Ny. asd q fifteen pears Of age
- tvo lnchss taller than her father.
- = hef class II school with Girls
nuoA s11ss thaa SO WAS