davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sentinel=record., 1911-08-11
ST. LOUIS.

Toetals ..s4 5 l2 24 II ?
The Sentinel=record., 1911-08-11
SOUTHERN | lFlGUE

Southern League
The Sentinel=record., 1911-08-11
CHICAGO.

Totals ..3O " TO 27 16 for. Richter in second.
The Sentinel=record., 1911-08-11

xx-Batted for woodburn in the
The Sentinel=record., 1911-08-11
SOUTH ATLANTIC LEAGUE.

Columbus f, Charleston 0. Macon Q, Columbia 6. Albany 6, Augusta T.
 Jacksonville 4. Savannah o.
The Sentinel=record., 1911-08-11

Walsh, K. ...1 i | Q 0 .
 Chambers. ?. Q o o o 0 Q
The Sentinel=record., 1911-08-11

Totals .. 37 f II 27 12 x-Batted for Moore in ninth.
The Washington herald., 1911-10-15
Stage Settings All Prepared.

The day the promoter arrived in the little
mining camp in the hills he knew perfectly
wel that he could show his people a scene
Of marvellous activity. During the two days
they remained al the property they saw the
air drills pounding against the breasts Of
the tunnels-they witnessed large quantities
OF rock hauled to the surface, and watched
the sOrters pick out what was reputed to be
ore. while the balance OF the rock went to
the dump.
They found the carefully prepared speci-
mems in the workings and went into ra ptures
over the glittering prospects. They even
had some OF the specimens (obIigingly picked
up by the prCmoter) assRyed, and TO their
astOnishment these ran high in both gold
and silver. Before departing for the east
they left in excess Of $4,000 with the manip-
u!ator. and no sOOner had their train left the
mining camp than the men were Paid on
and the hum and rattle of Industry ceased
Until another party should be brought from
the east
One OF the promoters, however, was caught
in his own trap He had been looking for
a number of his stockholders from the south
and had everything in readiness for the
staging Of the same activity fraud. Unfor-
tunately, they did not notify him Of their
d4iNd al al DenNtT. Dul lnneClate!y pro-
ceeGed to the property located in Boulder
county. There was not a soul in sight, and
the only inhabitants OF the fabulously rich
claims were number Of mountain rats
Returning to Denver, they called on the
promoter the following day. We'll Jim."
said one Of them, how is everything I'd
at the tunnel?"
Fine" the promoter exclaimed, with
a great display of fervor; Wen take a
run up there tomorrow, and you can see for
yourselves"
How many men have you working"
one Of the others asked.
Well'' replied Jim, We have eleven on
the pay roll now. but we are going to add to
the force shortly"
They examined the books and found that
eleven men Were drawing pay for the work
not being done in the tunnel. They dfscov-
cred that powder, candles, etc, had all been
charged to the company. and they learned
that every miner on the pay roll was hcti-
tious.
When they confronted the promoter with
the facts they had gathered there was only
one way out and that was TO dig down"
into his bank account and reimburse the
men for the actual amount OF money they
had invested.
The Washington herald., 1911-10-15
By WILLIAM B. STOUT.

developed a new fuselage construction OF
steel. strong and efficient. though ungainly
In appearance. At the back he placed an
empennage much like that OF Santos Du
mont's demoiselle. but larger OF course.
mounted on a universal joint.
Tire wings were long and narrow, having. as
engineers would say. high aspect ratio "
"a high ratio of width to length. Each wing
he trussed to the fuselage separate, as he
said like double monoplane," this allow
ing him to get along with only one set of YER
tical struts between the wings. This cut
down the head resistance and added to
the speed and lifting power. The French
army has some fifteen OF these machines in
service now, they have flown with twelve
passengers, and no other machine has car
ried more than its own weight in passengers
unless II be Roger Sommers' great bus.
This Breguet has been fitted with almost
every prominent motor from time to time.
from the little Anzani to the big Gnome. and
always with success. The motor is in front,
OF course, and the propeller known as a
" tractor screw"
Slightly resembling the Goupy is tbe Zodiac
biplane shown in the dra wing.
This is Of the motor in front type, the motor
being under the round hood or nose at the
front. The propeller can be seen at the ex-
treme front. In the Zodiac the main wings
are narrow and are so arranged that they can
be removed in a few minutes so the machine
can be transported over the roads for military
uses.
The Washington herald., 1911-10-15

IN nearly half OF the aeronautiCal accI-
dents OF the last month which have re-
suited fatally the death OF the aviator
mas been due largely TO the wrong loca-
tion OF the motor directly behind the
pilot.
In our own country two men were killed
in one day-TOny Castellane at Mansfield,
Pa, ,Sand Frank H. Miller at Troy, O.-the
motor falling on the aviator in both cases.
crushing out his life Lieut.. Cammel of Eng
land was killed at HendOn, near London, on
Sept Il in a somewhat similar manner.
Whether the motor position was entirely the
cause OF death in each case will never be
known but enough has already happened to
point out the greater safety of ma aChines with
the motor in front OF the aviator. provided
the proper fire precautions are taken. In
nearly all monoplane types the motor Is To-
Gated In front, and even though there are
more spills with monOpIanes than with bi-
plsDes. the danger is not so great with each
spill II the aviator be strapped in his seat
he is fairly safe in having framework TO pro-
tect and break his fall in case OF accident
and has his motor where 1t cannot easily
alight on him.
In developing biplanes most OF the makers
struck out on different lines from the mono
plane makers and put the propeller and like
wise the motor behind the main planes. This
in order to maintain balance, necessitated
putting the aviator in front. so that there.
until lately, he had TO stay, taking his
chances. the biplane being more sta bic than
The Washington herald., 1911-10-15
Description Of the New Safety Type Biplanes

and othe. engine front types lies in the large
propeller placed high and connected to tn ,
engine by a short chain. This enables the
motor to be inclosed except for the tops Of the
cylinders, and with the large slow moving
propeller a greater pull is obtained for the
same motor power.
The single skid idea is a good one, too, the
wheels acting merely as stabilizers in land
ing. This part is suggestive Of the Nieuport.
The fuselage is inclosed as in most OF this
type.
The Billing biplane, an English product.
lateIy flying at the Brooklands Aerodrome.
while an experimental machine has some
good performances to it's credit.
In this the fuseage is larger in section
than those I have already described, and Is
much longer.
The motor in this case is uninclosed and
supported from the skids on separate frame
work The fuselage is left open, as inclosing
so big a section would mean trouble in side
winds. The wings are deep and wide with
fairly deep curve so that this mount is more
for carrying power than speed.
The landing skids are Farman through
out An E. y. V. eight cylinder Wee type
motor is fitted.
The chief disadvantage Is in the much OBJ
structed view OF the pilot when in the air, as
the wings are directly beneath him, though
this is a far less disadvantage than having
a motor behind.
The Dufaux biplane is not shown in the
drawings, but is similar TO the Astra except
The Washington herald., 1911-10-15
, ZoDLAc BIPLAHE .

that it is smaller type and has Gnome
fitted at the nose. connected direct to a trac-
tor propeller. This machine is made in
Switzerland by we'll known firm of motor
builders and stands well in Europe.
The Avro biplane is another English prod
uct from Brooklands and is developed from
the formerly famous Roe triplane, seen at
the Boston meet Of last year. This machins
flies admirably with a passenger and with
but q thirty horse power engine, showing
high efficiency. At the same time 1t flies in
strong winds with safety, and seems to be
one Of the most promising of the engine front
type.
Several of these are being used by the Brit
fish army. one being under test at the pres
ent time fitted with floats for work on the
water These tests are under government
supervision.
There are other similar machines to those
I have described. but these give an idea OF
the line toward safety which experimenter5
are following abroad in the biplane line.
Whether American makers will follow suit
remains to be seen.
The Washington herald., 1911-10-15

Taking those species which are of
economic importance-that is to say, the veg
etables, cereals, etc, which are OF value to
the human race-Strakosch has assembled
them, so to speak in his agricultural labora-
tory and determined with definite accuracy
their efficiency as workers for man.
In other words he has considered them as
il they were so many workers of the farm,
ascertaining by a series of painstaking ex-
periments just how much each one costs for
its keep, and how much it produces. The OBJ
ject in each case has been to find out how
much in value II takes from the soil in order
to accomplish the result. This learned, it
is easy enough to strike balance, and to
determine the amount Of clear profit.
All wealth comes originally from the soil
The so-caIled economic plants are the work
ers that create wealth for the human race.
BY their efforts we are fed and supported.
1t is of obvious Importance, therefore, that
we should know which of them are the most
efficient and capable, producing the largest
output in terms of value, for the least ex-
penditure.
1t appears from Strakosch's figures that
the most efficient of all economic plants Is the
Jerusalem artichoke. This justly valued veg
etable produces, on an acre Of good land'
about 7.127 pounds Of starch and other d.
gestible substances. 1t takes from the SOIL
incidentally, $26 worth Of material But the
difference between consumption and produc-
ton. in terms Of value. is S116.
One might imagine that the potato would
be away up at the head Of the list but it is
not so. The beet comes next. with an output
Of 1884 pounds OF digestible substances to
the acre. taking S41 worth Of material out
of the soil, and yielding clear balance Of
Sl1o Third in order is corn. which produces
1852 pounds Of digestible substances. con-
suming ST. worth of material. and giving a
balance on the credit side of Sos for the
acre.
These. then, are the three most efficient
economic plants-the best workers for man.
The potato is fourth on-the list Taking 81
worth of material out Of the soil for each
acre planted. It yields 4.449 pounds Of digest
ibIe substances (nearly all starch), and shows
q balance of So on the credit side. Rice gives
. 254 pounds, taking s. worth from the land
and allows a balance of S45.
Peas produce / S64 pounds. drawing on the
bank to the extent Of 81. and give the farmer
a clear $40 to the acre. Carrots yield Abs
pounds, with an expenditure of s1I worth Of
plant food, and show a margin of $61 to the
good. Rye affords an output Of ,s24 pounds
of nutrients at a cost OF SO to the soil and
furnishes profit of s26. A crop Of crimson
clover witbdraws from the land hardly more
than one-twentieth Of the quantity Of valu-
able material consumed by timothy.
The greatest Of all starch producers is the
Jerusalem artichoke, which in this respect Is
away ahead Of the potato. For each acre Of
land 1t yields greater quantity Of nutrients
than the potato by considerably more than
one-thIrd. The beet comes next to the arti-
choke as a starch producer. then the potato.
and next in order Indian corn.
The Washington herald., 1911-10-15
Stocks All Have Market Value.

About ) per cent Of the money invested
in the stocks OF these subsidiary corpora
lions came back to them through the vehicle
OF the parent company. They were immense
ly satisfied. too, SO long stock could be
sold in ;hese various corporations and the
parent company could pay dividends, over
half of which went to the promoter. The
stocks OF these various companies had an
active market value, although it is doubtful
if > per cent Of the total investments could
pe accounted for by any maTket able assets.
There have been cases where promotion ad-
vertising has absolutely faIsifed One Of
these, which was fiOated from Denver, Colo.
was founded on the assertion clearly made.
that the property adjoined the great Mizpah
mine in Tonopah. New. Ii was actually
twenty four miles distant. out on the desert.
Frauds Of this type became common, but
they were such fragrant breaches Of the law
operations along those lines became difficult
Many misleading prospectuses and adver-
tisements have been made possible by the
liberal use Of photographs The promoter Of
oil propositions will print cuts OF gushers.
pumping wells. rehneries, etc. as belonging
to adjacent enterprises.
The Washington herald., 1911-10-15

by the sort of legal tender which he
encountered. Though he did not know
the name Of the state or whether 1t was east
or west, north or south, he would still be able
to make a good guess at the section into
which he had been dropped.
On the Pacific coast paper money Is un-
known. Any one who offers a paper dollar
or a $50 bill In payment Is at once put down
'as a tenderfoot or a tourist. Gold money
and silver dollars are the recognized legal
tender. In Boston on the other hand neither
gold nor silver circulates Everything is
bills A Boston L" cashier Is said to have
handed the silver dollar Of a westerner back
with the remark: Haven't you anything
else? 1 guess it's all right, but I'd rather
take some other kind Of money"
In the middle states until recently paper
money was used exclusively from IS up and
silver dollars for smaller sums. But the
paper dollar has been gaining so much that
the silver piece Is coming into disfavor, at
least in clusters Of more than three or four.
At the present time paper money is used al
most exclusively east Of Chicago, but the
silver coin is still in general circulation west
In fact the city man leaving for some point
in Iowa or Minnesota receives his first silver
dollar in change at the railway station in
Chicago when he buys his ticket.
The march OF civilization brings into use
the smaller coins. In frontier days the small
est piece in general use was quarter. When
the Union Pacific pushed out into Nebraska
that coin was recognized as the ultimate ex-
preston OF cheapness A clay pipe cost a
quarter and nothing was sold for less.
On the Pacific coast at the present time the
penny is regarded with contempt The San
Francisco department stores are gradually
bringing It in. but the work is slow. The
nickel is the smallest coin recognized on the
street and no one but an easterner would
dare give a street car conductor five pen
MES for his fare. Even the slot machines
that in Chicago or New York would work
with penny call for a scent piece on the
coast. The same thing was true of the mid
Ole west of fifteen years ago. Many an old
shopkeeper will tell of the nail keg he kept
under the counter in which he threw the
pennies. Anything that sold two for a quar-
ter cost 10 cents for one.
AS American conditions approximate those
Of Europe the penny will become more and
more important and it may be that the mill
will be coined. In some foreign countries
there are coins much smaller than mill and
the careful marketer is accustomed to buy
one onion or one potato at time.
The language of money differs in different
parts OF the United States. On the Pacific
coast the usual term for a quarter dollar is
two bits. In the rural communities of New
York and New England the people still talk
OF shillings. referring to the old colonial coin
OF twelve and half cents.
The Washington herald., 1911-10-15
Promoter in Supreme Control.

The postoffice department in Washington
issued a fraud order against an outfit of this
type in Boulder. Colo, and proved that the
promoter owned the control in the parent
organization. AS that company controlled
the subsidiary companies. 1t was plain that
this promoter absolutely dictated the poll
Cies OF every one of his concerns.
He became 80 indiscreet to boast in the
circulars mailed to his stockholders that he
Tad competency for life from his income
irr salaries and commissions amounting TO
several thousand dollars a year. he had
ga tnered in we'll in excess Of 81 coo COO, hay
ing sold stock TO more than COCO persons.
The Only tangible asset that could be found
was a-subdivision in the outskirts Of Boulder,
Colo The total value OF this piece of land
was perhaps not over per cent Of the funds
he had secured from trusting investors. 1t
was not the intrinsic. or even prospective,
worth of any one property that appealed to
these people SO much the prospect OF sud
den wealth through making promotion mar
gin on all OF the other companies organized.
So eager were the stockholders OF the orig
inal corporation TO see the plans succeed
they actually constituted the majority OF
the Stockholders in the subsidiary concerns.
The parent organization was paid cash COM
mission for the sale Of the stock OF the other
companies. although everything was con-
Quoted in the same ONCE. Thus. part OF
:he money received was disbursed to the
: sIarehuIders Of the original organization as
dividends
The Washington herald., 1911-10-15
Puts Upper Plane Ahead.

Among the first to get into the line Of de-
velopment toward safer biplane were NJ.
Breguet and NJ. Goupy of France The Goupy
wos nothing more nor less in its first stage OF
development than a Bleriot with biplane
wings attached, the fuselage landing chassis,
motor hanging. etc, being the same. In this
mount n. Goupy originated the idea Of put
ting Sthe upper plane Of the two slightly in
advance of the lower to get rid Of the air
effect the lower plane always has on the
upper.
lar in general arrangement, but differed
largely In details. In the first place, Breguet
The Washington herald., 1911-10-15

The body part or fuselage," you VIII
notice, is all .nclosed to lessen the wind re
sistance, and the side balancing is by ailerons
at the rear edges Of the wing tips, as seen in
the white patch hanging down from the upper
wing.
At the rear are the usual tail appendases;
the tail proper. fixed plane at T, and the
movable part or elevator at E. In placing
the main wings so far back the makers copy
Antoinette practice. giving the pilot posi-
ton well to the rear SO he can see>beneath
him
The Washington herald., 1911-10-15
The Astra Bip1ane.

A small cane skid is fixed on the outer end
of the lower wings to save them from dam
age in landing.
The Astra biplane is similar to the Zodiac
at first sight, but has some important differ
ences. The wings are broader and shorter,
IessenIng its efficiency, and the pilot is nearer
to the wings, which impede his vision to
considerable extent in landing
The most original difference between this
The Washington herald., 1911-10-15
Adjacent" Not adjoining. :,

Now, while the word adjacent is taken
by most people to mean adjoining" this is
not the case Adjacent means &" in the
neighbornood Of" while adjoining means
abutting.'
Promoters Of mining enterprises will use
engravings Of we'll known producers and Of
scenes underground. Some OF these pic
lures have been employed hundreds Of times,
and. while the " literature does not state
that they are scenes Of the property under
consideration, it infers that when the fota-
tion period has passed and the mine is oper-
ating the property should Iook something like
the pictures In the book
To go out and locate few claims under
the federal statutes is extremely inexpensive.
but to take that small stretch of mountain
The Washington herald., 1911-10-15
- Among Men Who Work Hand Bran H4H11
Parting Dupes from Their Dollars;
Some Devices of Mine Promoters.
ByLLOYD KENYON JONES.

~ HERE are many favorite devices Of
mine promoting that work out perfect
Iy at different times, depending al
ways on the temper Of the public and
the degree Of general speculative e1-
element One OF these methods is known
as the REORGANIZATION offering. COM
pany is projected for any amount OF capital
stock that may be thought advisable BY the
promoter, the millions Of dollars (on papeo
concerned being governed by the price at
which the stock is being sold.
A S5,OOO,OOO organization having stock OF
the par value of 81 share. but placing thS :
stock at / cent a share, becomes virtually
$4,000 enterprise. The reorganization Of
fering is generally at a low figure, such as
cent a share. and the investors are told
that. upon the organization Of the COMPANY
treasury stock will not be offered for less
than 10 cents share.
Seeing what they believe to be an imme-
diate net profit OF 900 per cent, they take
advantage of the offering. looking upon the
percentage OF their gains instead OF upon
the property in question. A great many Of
these companies are never formed after the
pre-o-ganizatbOn stock has been SOLD.
Another pet scheme that has been worked
time and time again, Is TO float parent
corporation. placing the stock at par or near
it, The company owns nothing, but its OBJ
ject is to organize other enterprises that
will possess something, retaining in can
one the control of the stock. The promoter
agrees not personally to appropriate one
share OF the stock in the subsidiary COM
panes unless he pays the current price for
the shares
The Washington herald., 1911-10-15
1T IS ON SUCH MEAGER WAGES AS THIS
ENGLAND BUILDS HER DREADNOOGHTS


nd
this much The table
The Washington herald., 1911-10-15
D AVRo BZPzAHE

the monoplane and better controlled. so that
he felt fairly safe. But with development
we are coming to high speeds, and this means
greater danger in landing; and thus more
likelihood of bad shock and catapulted en-
zine. There is need, therefore, for an en-
fire abandonment Of the motor r-behind type.
The Washington herald., 1911-10-15
Fine Foundation for Story.


- Thousands OF miles of development have
have lapsed. A worked out property may
have 10000 to 1900 feet OF shafts, tunnels,
etc, but the cost of this development may
have originally been $4,000 There may
even be an old plant Of machinery. or a mill
on the ground, and from a foundation such
as this the promoter can build a story that
doesn't simply gather in the dimes OF widows
and orphans but that catches bank presi-
dents and hard headed business men and
wheedles in thousands and tens Of thousands
OF dollars.
When a promoter is dealing with business
men he never Oyerlooks any Of the the
atricals IL he is experienced. A mining man
in Denver who occupied a position of con-
fdence with one OF the larger promoters.
and who unfortunately was addicted to the
use Of inebriatiRg stimulants, freely dis
played communications from his employer,
Hno was in the east. advising him that a
number Of business men were leaving with
him for the west.
The property at that time was idle. but the
letters instructed the superintendent TO have
about twenty men at work in the main tun-
mel the day before the arrival OF the victims.
He was also commanded TO see that men
were stationed at some OF the other workings
not reached by the main crosscut Gaso-
line was to be secured so that the hoists in
the abandoned shafts could be in operation
Specimens Of ore showing pyrites Of iron and
copper were TO be carefully cleaned and
brushed and laid about. apparently in care
less abandon. at the portals OF different tun-
nels and shafts.
The Washington herald., 1911-10-15
Worth of Plants
as Workers.
By IRWIN ELLIS.

s.: : s: e: : !: +; !: s;
Taking those species which are of