davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20
ARGUMENTS N
RATE: CASE END
COMMISSION PROBABLY Will
MAKE EEclSloN BY MARCH
t---MEMRERS STUDY REC.
ORDs IN MEANTIME.

Washington, Jan 49, Arguments
before Tie interstate commerce com
mission for the proposed advance in
freight rates in the western trunk
line association Territory were ended
today hN Chairman Clements after
i9M hours Of speaking III four days,
The commission expects to an
noance It's decision III the eastern AMI
western cases by March /. Maan-
time tia. members viii study tue
records with view to reaching II
cQnclnsian II Is scarcely likely taat
tne discussion Of the eases will he
taken up by the commission IA n
body before the early part 81 Feb
ruary.
In the final two hours Or today's
proceedings G, G. Wright, Of the Chi,
eago, Northwestern railroad, said the
rate question presented TO the com.
mission was not 80 much Of law as Of
craftsmanship, In reaching a con
clusion, tho commission, he sUg-
gestea, must determine the reason.
ableness Of the proposed rates, with
the value OF the services rendered
to the shippers.
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20
FORNF|CAT0N
OF THE CANAL
SUBJECT OF CONTRARY sfEEcH-
Es IN THE HOUSE YES
TERCAY.
kEIEa IN OPPOSITION
Representative Hobson Thinks Wa
terway Should Be Fortified
y Keifer Strong For Neu-
tralixation.

Washington, Jan 19,-The opening
gun in tle Asat for the iortifcation
OF the Panama canal was fired in the
house Of representatives today, az
though the rlQstollce appropriation
bill ost&nstbty Was under considera-
ton. Representative keifer, of Ohio,
spoke for an hour in favor OF the neu-
tfalization OF the canal He was an
sNered by Representative Hobson, OF
Alabama
General Keiger declared that the
last estimate OF sl2,o00,0a0 for the
fortifcation Of the canal would not he
sufficient. He asserted that 1t would
cost at least $l00,000,000 to fortify
the canal, so that it coult be le d
against the attack of one Of the first
class powers OF the world. lie as
serted that the Clayton-Bulwer treaty
provides for the naturalization of the
Isthmian waterway.
My Iiobson took issue with Mr..
Keifer on many points. He said thar
no nation having a yital Interest at
stake ever undertook to guard and
protect It's rer tralzaton. He added:
with the building of the Suez
canal, communication between Eu-
rope and Asia was settled Communi
cation between Europe and Asia is
not affected BY the Panama canal, but
the Panama canal will put every foot
of coast line on the western shores
OF America at the mercy of the Euro
pean powers. 1t Will put every loot
of coast line on the Atlantic ard ne
guff coast Of the Americas at ne
mercy OF any Asiatic power, which
theF We're not before.
rWhat Il connects Is che Americas.
IL puts the east and west coast Of the
Amel icas into ccmMunication. 1t is
essentially an American proposition.
II now Invited the great military
powers OF Europe to join us IN this
purely American AFFAIR, we s1all sim
ply abrogate the Monroe Doctrine.
If you haze a war in which the
Panama canal Is not involved, and in
which no enemy could seize the canal,
a war with an Asiatic power without
fleet in The Atlantic, the war woull
be on the American shore. involving
an occupation of the Pacific coast.
But, if you have tht Panama canal,
through which American ships clone
can pass, and come out and form on
the Pacific side, all the war games
show that the war operation viii take
place on the coast of Asia"
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20
CHAMP CLARK
IS ENDORSED
DEMOCRATIC CAUCUS SELECTS
HIM FOR SPEAKER or NEXT
HOUSE.
n|SS0yRIAN GRATEFUL


Washington Jan. 19-RepreseHta-
tive Champ Clark, Of Missouri, wes
| unanimously chosen as the Demo
| cratic nominee for the speakership Of
the next house Of Representatives al.
the democratic caucus toniglt. His
nomination was by acelamation, I2er-
resentative Lloyd, Of MisSoari, mal-
ing the nomination
Representative Underwood, OF Ala
bama, was .lu<rimously nominatei
| for the Craftsmanship OF tho ways AMI
mems committee. His name was pro
posed ty Champ Clark.
Accepting the endorsement of tno
caucus for the speaLership OF the next
house, Mr. Clark made 4 brief speech,
bespeaking his thanks and desire fSr
liberality of consideration for Old AMI
new members.
From the bottom Of my heart
taank you for Your gene Gus endorse.
meut for ~ high office Of sieaser OF
HE house or representatives" ne
said. 81 shall enJeavor to dig
charge the duties Of that great posi-
ton so fairly so justly. and so i)-
partially that YOU will never have
eagse TO regret what yeu have just
done
This caucus was called for the pur-
pose Of selecting the Democratic eon-
tiirgant Of the ways and means ccnn-
mittee of the cd congress, in order
to expedite the tariff legislation by
procuring as speedily as POSSIBLE data
on which to base a dll or bills which
we believe win promote the prospel-
ity of the whole country and give new
impetus to every legitimate business
undertaking within tae tIra eoa.
bines az this repuhHa TIC quicker
our plans are formulated and known,
the better for ali enneernsd.'
Mr.. Henry of Texas, conspicuously
mentioned for chairman of the rules
committee. introduced a f0rflal reso-
luton outlining the order Of the per
sekne4 OF the ways and means COM
mittee, informally agreed on in ad-
vance by leaders as follows: Under
wood, Of Alabama; Ransdell, of Tex
as; Hartman, of New York; Grant
ly, of Georgia; Shackleford Of Mis-
souri,; James, of Kentucky; Kitchin,
of North Carolina; HAL cf Tennes
see; Dixon Of Indiana; Rainey, Of
Illinois; Hammond, of Minnesota;
Iughas. or New Jersey. ami A. Mit
chell Ealmer, of Pennsylvania.
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20
WAR IS ON IN ARABIA
Imam Of Sana Declares War Against
Turks--CapitaI of Asir Pro
vince is Besieged.

Alden, Arabia, Ian. 19.-Tne Imam of
Sana, seyig Yahya, has declared war
against the Turks, and armed bands
are gathering in the Yemen noun
tains, The notorious Sheik Benz Pa
sha has Joined the Imam STANDARD
and "a rising throughout Yemen, the
region of southwestern Arabia, is eX.
pected. The pretender, Idrisee, mas
assumed the defensive against the
Turks.
The capital of Asir province mas
been under seige since early In De-
camber the governor and q large gar
rison being forced to remain in the
city, A new governor has been ap
pointed bnt has not yet been able tc
reach the coast, owing to the activity
Of the Arabs.
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20

New York, Jan. 19.--City Chamber
lain Charles Fl. Hyde returned TO
New York on the very night that
the authority of the legislative .inve s.
tigating committee to examine h'm
expired. The committee wantel
Hyde to testify about sworn state
ments aiming to establish that he
co-operated with August Belmont,
Harry Payne Whitney, r. r. Wilson
and other millonaires in raising a
brihe fund to kill the anti race track
bills at Albany in 1908 These men
and others denied before the com
mittee that they had participated In
any bribery plot Hyde, however,
left the city and mysteriously disap-
peared for more than a month. Later
he was discovered on a houseboat in
Florida waters. He defies any one
to show that he was I'm any con.
spiracy alleged and says that New
York city moneys endangered by
bank failures during his absence will
not be lost Hyde laughs and refuses
to pay attention to demands that he
resign and says he will continue 20
serve the city faithfully" Petition has
been made to Mayor Gaynor to re-
move Hyde.
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20
HITCHCOCK CRITICIZED
Several Democratic congressman and
One Republican Score His Eco
nomy Methods.

Washington, Jan. 19.--P Postmaster
General Hitcncock's economy Of adj
ministration in the postoffice depart
inent came in for a sharp criticism
at the hands of several members OF
the house today during the cons der
ailon Of the postoffce appropriation
bill.
Representative Small, Of North Car
olina, Bartlett, Of Georgia, i3orelaud
of Missouri, and Saunders of Virginia.
on the Democratic side, and Repre-
sentative Stsenersoh. of Minnesotl
on the Republican side. declared that
the economy Plans We're seriously al
fecting Che efficiency OF the service,
especially on the rural free delivery
and star routes.
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20
FINANCIAL AID
JEWISH SCHOOLS
UNION HEBREW COLLEGE AT
CINCINNATI TO RECEIVE $50,
oo0-- -sCHiFF AND RosEN-
WALD CONTRIBUTE.

New York Ian, l9-Much money
was given to Hebrew schools today
before the election Of officers and al
iomnment o fthe 22nd council Of the
Union Of Hebrew Congregations.
Most important was SlH1 900 of q
proposed sl50,0Q0 fand for ebuildinq
new departments at the Hebrew I'm
ion College a Cincinnati. III addition
Jacob II, Schlft subscribed $4,000 for
the extension work Of schools and
synagogues Of the Union of Congrega
tions, and agreed to pay similar
amount to the work annually.
To the Hebrew Union College funa
Mr. sehiff gave $4,000, and julius
Rosenwald, Of Chicago, gave $50, ,000.
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20

through the mails.
The statement followed an inquiry
by Senator Beveridge as TO tne publ
cation of the Investigation as to the
employment of women and child la
bcr. made few years ago by the
bureau Of labor,
slt was at this iunctuGa that Mr..
Overman made his statement con.
ca nc the course Of Secretary Ma
gel
q heard Of the vile character or
come of these reports" he said "anl
went to- Mr., Nagel about them. He
tcld me the revelations were such
that hc felt called upon to suppress
them,
ut would seem that some OF the
agents had gone into the mountains
ana taken II upon themselves to in.
vestigate the private affairs of the
people, when the law authorized an
inquiry only as to labor conditions"
The inquiry in question was made
at d cost of $4,000
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20


Cd by the defense. Mr.. O'Bfien said
that not all would be put on the
stand, and IT is hoped that all evi
dence would be IN in three days. TIE
state had IS witnesses and used ten
days.
II is almost assured that the defend
ant will take the stand In her own be-
half.
Dr Osborn, the first witness called
by the defense, said that be had at
tended many cases OF arsenical poi'
coming. He had visited Mr. SchenE
with DR.. Hupp, the attending physi-
clan, and Or. S. l.. Jetsoh. There
were TO symptoms Of arsenical poi
sonine, he declared.
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20
INQUIRY WAS
EXAGGERATED
--~--~-~---
REPORTS ON LAEos mATTER8
IN SOUTH SCORED BY sEN.
AToR ovERmAN.
REVDLTING N CHARACTER
Ageasa PRED into the Private Affairs
cfTthe People---lse3or.s Border
Fon obscene-suppF- ssed
by Na9el.

WaSaingtcn, Jan, 19,--1'hat seere-
tary Nagel, Of the department Of
commerce ana labor, aas suppressed
much .pf the report Of the agents og
the 1Ibor bureau because Of Their
revelations concerning the private
lives fof people in North Carolina
and qther southern states, was as.
serted II the senate soday by sena-
tor OYerman.
He said that some Of the reports
were 20 revolving Ia character that,
If printed, the law prohibiting The
cireulation Of obscene literature
would prohibit their transmission
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20

Washington, jap. 19-The sensa,
tional circumstances surrounding the
resignation of Rear Admiral Edward
B. Barry as commander in chief Of
the Pacific feet have aroused official
Washington from top to bottom 1t
is stated here that for months officers
on board the flagship West Virginia
have been aware of serious allega-
tions made against the rear admiral
and have ostracized him. The charges
were first made generally public in
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20
NEW BADGES Of HONOR


Washington, Ian 49, The issue o.
badges OF honor 10 all regularly -
listed volunteer and regular soldiers
of the United States army who, due
tina the civil war we'e confined a!
pmsoners of war by the enemy \
proposed In q bin introduced to-day by
Representatiye HUI, OF Iowa.
The measure provides that sacf
badges shall lear The name Of ta'
soldier and his organization. They
are to cost S. each, 100000 Being an
nfopriated for the purpose.
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20
AMERICANS PRESENTED
AT GERMAN COURT

Berlin, Jan. l9,-Lieutenant Com.
mander f, A. Traut, the naval attache
OF the American embassy, Mrs. Traut,
Harry Belben, third secretary OF tho
embassy, and Miss Perry, of Boston,
Eister-in-law of Joseph b Grew. for.
'merly secretary Of the embassy at
Berlin and now secretary of the EN-
bassy at Vienna, We're presented at
the imperial court tonight.
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20
OVER 1000 PUNISHED FOR
SELLING INDIANS LIQUOR

Washington, June 19.-During the
last year 40 men were sent to the
penitentiary and 5G6 to jail for sell
ing liquor to the Indians. These
facts are stated in the report by
Special Officer VIM. r. Johnson, Of
the interior department, which was
forwarded to the senate today There
were 1867 arrests and 1866 Gonyic-
tions, and only % absolute acqulttals.
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20
JArS ON PLANTATIONS m
HAWAII MIGHT STRIKE.

Fonolulu Jan. TO- Japanese on the
sugar plantations where Filipinos are
also employed threaten n general
strike tnlers thc latter are discharged
Ihe Japanese charge that tho Filipin-
oa, who have been brought here re-
GENTLY In considerable number are
lolfers and robbers.
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20
ARE MURDERED
TWO Revolving Crimes Confront Chi
cago ,Poice--One Victim Stabbed
Seventeen Times.

Chicago, Jan. l9.-While the police
We're frtiely trying to solve the mys-
terry Of the death of an unidentified
italian, whose body was found In an
alley early today, another italian was
fatally shot. The victim cf the first
murder suffered seventeen stab
wounds. most Of them in a direct line
from The neck to the right knee.
Five fractures We're found In tac
skull and the left arm was broken in
two places.
No bullet wounds were found in
the body, but a revolver found near
the body is Supposed TO have been
used hy The Wctn- on the man wnc
attacked him. ~
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20
llEE&< %Zz6%l1&l ENTTYez%. .N></4t<T5|
,-~ LI1Z <lI62gII1ZI< s-~s

the San Francisco Chronicle. Assist
ant Secretary Of the Navy Beekman
Winthrop states that Admiral Barry
had retired voluntarily and that no
charges had been filed against him.
He denied any knowledge Of special
reasons whereby the admiral Should
retire al the particular Time The
secretary Of the navy has sent for a
full report of the alleged oftenses
which are said to be too ugly for pub.
lication,
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20
eoethe's voIumlnous product

Besides The books which are best
known to English readers. Faust
Wilhelm Meister." etc, Goethe is the
author Of a dramas, meiodramas and
farces, and any amount of travel and
criticism, and even his poetical writ
ings constitute sort Of enormous
dumping, with very few currants In
deed IN proportion to the dough -
buchanan.
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20
IOWA DEADLOCK CONTINUES.

Des Moines, Jan. 19.-There were
insignificant changes in the standing
Of the candidates for the United
States senate from Iowa in the ballot
Ing today There We're no signs o.
the end OF the deadlock,
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20
AMENDMENT APPROVED.

Columbus, o.. Jan. 19--'rhe house
tojay concurred in the action OF the
senate In approving the income tax
amendment to the United States con
stitution
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20

WASHINGTON, Jan. 19.-The senate
today confirmed the nomination oi
Capt Walther G. Cowles, to he rear
admiral vice Rear Admiral Edward B.
Barry, retired.
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20
JAPANESE MINISTERS
HAVE NOT RE SIGNED

Tokyo, Japar, Jan 1o,-Tae pub
lished report that Premier Katsura
and several cFNer cabinet ministers
had resigned is without foundation.
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20

Ninety-iive per cent OF the white
people Ok Cairo read The Bulletin
every day.
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20

Searching for Radium.
So radioactive Is the water supplied
the city Of Belgrade that scientists
are searching Its source for rahium.
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20

The Cairo Bulletin Is read every
day In 81 per cent Of the white homes
of Cairo{ ..
The Cairo bulletin., 1911-01-20
PAU. MORTON
DIES SUDDENLY
WAS NATIVE or NICHE h SEC
Rely or NAVY uNIs7
ROOSEVELT
HAD BRILLIANT CAREER
Rose Rapidly IN EaiIroad N'olld---
President 81 Equitable Lifs at
Ills Dcsth-Hc Was 54
Years Old.

y
New York, Jen. ~ Tayl Mrlon.
president Of the Equitable Life Assur-
ance Society. and secretary cf the
navy under Theodore Roesay Il, Alest
cf cerebral heaprrllage at Iae iFoseA
Seymour tonight
He was stricken Id the aa'lWay NJ
the hotel and died an hour LITTER with
out regaining consciousness.
tiis wife ana elder !,rot3 cs Jc..
Wee summoned 10 his eide. bst se
dlel d few minutes before they ar-
ivNd A cloze ftlaal, E j. sewied,
arrived ten minutes before Mf Msr-
ton breAtAea his last. but the stricken
man xas unconseicus from tlfe Iio-
nsllt Of ti7e stroke ami reitaer Feeog
ni8ed those atoat him nor spolge.
Ihe body WAS renewed to 5he lscnse
tonight, hut no statement Of funeral
plans was given ont The coa2ers
office Is satisfied that death resIf.el
from natural s, ana there win
be ne antopsy
@fd ietts fN1DttAN 1pEkH&iQfts
Mr.. Morton himself had no iaea
that his life was in danger, hut MS
family, his physicians and few
close Friends knew that his conditioa
was preeaFicps 10y Morton, after he
left the room where the BODY laS,
gaye 4 frll account Or his brothers
III Aealth anl sudden death
paul and | took iNneheon together
at noon today he said. q came fslrl
Chicago this morning and lie NET me
at the station. We vert to tho
Equitable bnllaing, whesA at Pall's
request atfende,t 4 meeting of' tGa
board If directors al waieh ae p,o.
sided
II he'd other business and SO hld
he. See you al the horse at six, or
a little before, said anl we parted.
J dropped into his office at 5 o'ooaI,,
thinking we might so I'D together,
but he had left So went on up n
The house, where met Mrs M0uton
aul. WE drank tea together.
# told her PAU mad promised W
BE- home at G, anil as 1T grew late sha
said. Joy, isn't it odd that Paul is
late? He is always so punctual The
words were hardly out of her north
| Before the telephone rang. The but
Ter answered and Their said. sMrz
| Morton, the Hotel Seymour tcle,
phoued That Mr. Morton has just
tainted
Hurried 20 iioteI.
We iBmped int, an automobile aEa
we're there in a iiffy
"Ahout the arst of last Ceeember
| he Equitable got out waat is ealrd
\ Chnstmas policy, and when eyeT
thing was N readiness it was s'ia,
gestel that Il world ba htting u
make out the 6rst policy IN the Name
OF the president of the company.
Paul was examined and Or. Wells,
the chief examiner Of the company
rejected him
"Of course, IL was. a shoak hrt
Paul never dreamed how serious WIS
hts case. Ii alarmed the family, how
ever, and we had MIN go to Chicago
anil be examined
III was his first Illness and he r.
fused to call himself sick, bat we h. !
persuaded him to take vacation rs
q theoretical invalid, He would have
sailed for Europe ON February 22.'
This is tragic" he ended. abrupt
ly 'lIe Was my Younger brother
The last Of us, Treat him kindly, gen-
tlemen"
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-08-23
THE WORLDS NEWS CONDENSED


The Standard Oil has voted it's last
regular dividend of Sc a share pre-
vious to the dissolution of the COM
pany.
Theatrical managers are trying to
do away with theater musicians
through the invention of an electrical
orchestra played by one man at key.
board
Hordes of grasshoppers are visiting
sections of Kansas and seriously
threatening the existence of some OF
the crops.
The son of President Gomez OF
Cuba tried to kill a Cuban editor in
a Havana restaurant. Gomez shot six
times, missing every time.
GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE.
New York's new city hall will he
the largest municipal building in the
world. It will cost 100000 exclu-
sive of the site, which cost nearly
S5,O0O,OJO. 1t is forty stories high
and is a typical New York skyscraper.
Most of the great powers have
agreed to hold the second inter-
national opium conference at The
Hague, Netherlands, on October 10.
The Senate unanimously decided TO
investigate the methods whereby
Senator l. w. Stephenson of Wiscon
sin gained his seat after an expendi
ture of 100000. The case parallels
that of Senator Lorimer.
1t is reported in Berlin on high Off
cial authority that Japan has refused
to make an arbitration treaty with
the United States.
Miss Lois p. Hall, beautiful Berk-
eley girl, has mysteriously disap'
peared from home, and after a six
days search the police have not found
a clue.
Continued on page tweIve.)
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-08-23
LATEST CORRESPONDENCE.


Originating on the Day the Steamer
Sailed.)
Captain John E. Howard, grandson
of the author of 'SThe Star Spangled
Banner" committed suicide in Balti-
more yesterday by shooting himself.
In a midday darkness during a ter
rife thunder storm, lightning struck
in several places in New York city
and did considerable damage and
caused a loss of life.
Thirteen members of the New York
Live Poultry Association (the chicken
/ trust) have been indicted for conspir-
acy to injure trade and prevent COM
petition.
Two skymen swooped to death yes
terday in the great aviation meet be-
ing conducted in Chicago. W. R.
Badger and st. CroiX tombstone were
the aviators killed.
Mohammed Ali Mira, former Shah
of Persia, is in full flight after the
crushing defeat of his forces by gov
eminent troops.
The government has unearthed ire
mendous customs frauds in the i'm
portation Of Japanese goods, Morimura
Brothers, a large Japanese importing
firm, are especially concerned with
the government investigations.
Admiral Togo has declined an inyi-
tation to visit San Francisco, saying
he must proceed homeward by the
northern route.
Little Mother" schools are being
started in Chicago to teach poor chill
dren from eight to fourteen years old
how to care for babies. Relief for
overworked mothers is the object
sought.
A baby girl has been born to Mr..
and Mrs. William J. Bryan, Jr., at Lin
coin, Neb.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-08-23
BY ]. A. BREcKoNs.

Especial Correspondence of the STAR
WASHINGTON, August 9.-Worll
of fortifying the Panama canal, which
has been attracting the serious atten-
ton of military authorities for some
time, is now under way. Since the
return of the canal defense board, of
(which General Wood, chief of staff of
the army, is president, the sites for
the Notifications and land defenses
have been approved, and authority
granted for the preliminary work to
begin at once.
AS a result of the recent visit Of
the defense board to the canal for a
second inspection to locate sites and
to estimate the cost of the project,
the important decision has been
Preached and approved by the War De-
partment for the entire operations to
be carried out by the isthmian canal
commission Col. Cocktails, chief en-
gineer of the canal, has been added
to the membership of the canal de-
| tense board, and has been authorized
! to assume charge of all operations
upon instructions issued by General
Wood as president of the board.
Since the sites for the Notifications
have been definitely decided upon, the
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-08-23
HAWAIIAN STAMPS TO Be AMONG THE
MOST VALUABLE At VIENNA EXHIBIT

NEW YORK, Aug. 12.-Stamp col
lectors in the United States are inter-
ested deeply in the approaching TWEEN
ty-fifth anniversary exhibition of the
American Philatelic Society, to be
held in Chicago August % to 26, and
in the International Philatelic exhibit
ton, which will be held under distin-
guished ausT ices, in Vienna, from Sep
tember to II.
Most of the American enthusiasts
will go to Chicago, as eX-
hibitors or visitors, but not a few OF
the most notable collections win cross
the Atlantic and will constitute an
important feature of the Vienna
show. DR.. Friedrich Ritter Wagner
Won Jauregg, postmaster-general OF
Austria-Hungary, is the honorary
president, and the executive commit
tee comprises the leading citizens OF
Vienna. Gold, silver and bronze med
ais will be awarded to exhibitors il
twenty-one classes, and these prizes
are naturally coveted as the highes