New-York tribune., 1911-01-01
THE YEAR ABROAD.

American foreign relations In 1910
were actively as well as passvely benef-
cent. Mr.. Knox's proposal to develop
the international prize court into an In
ternational court of arbitral justice
created a profound impression and en-
joys promise Of realization. while his
suggestion of the naturalization Of the
Manchurian railroads, while not ac-
cepted, was not without good effect The
settlement Of the North Atlantic fisher
les dispute after nearly hundred years
marked an epoch in Anglo-American re-
lations. The vigorous policy of the
United States toward the troubles in
Central America and toward the boun-
dary dispute between Peru and Ecuador
enhanced its prestige in Latin America
and confirmed the friendly confidence
with which 1t is regarded, while the pro-
ceedings of the Pan-American Congress
at Buenos Ayres materially strengthened
the bonds of neghborly union among all
American states.
Two great topics dominated the year
in the United Kingdom. King Edward,
the Peacemaker, died, universally la
mented, and was succeeded by George V,
who promptly demonstrated high quail
ties Of benevolent rulership. The con-
stitutional conflict over Parliamentary
relations continued throughout the year,
involving two general elections within
the year, of which the second returned
House of Commons almost identical in
party composition with its predecessor.
The House Of Lords stroye TO effect its
own reorganization upon non-heredi-
tary basis, while the Radical element Of
the government coalition insisted upon
depriving that body Of all defnitive au-
thorty in legislation. The Irish Nation
alists retained the balance Of power and
announced their insistence upon a
prompt granting Of complete Home l.ule
as a condition Of their continued sup
port of the government. The Union of
South Africa was completely organized
and confirmed in its status as a self-gov-
erning member Of the British Empire.
Ominous and often murderous manifes-
tations of sedition In India were re-
pressed with firm hand by Sir Charles
Hardinge, the new Viceroy. Canada and
Australia proceeded practically with
their plans for building powerful auxt-
iary navies for cooperation with that Of
the United Kingdom.
French affairs were dominated by the
conflict between Socialism and the Re
public The General Federation Of
Labor sought through universal strikes,
the incitement of sedition among govern
ment employees. destruction of property,
and the ordering and committing of as
sassination, to establish reign Of terror
over the government and make Parlia
ment and Ministry subject to its dicta-
ton. The Prime Minister, backed by a
favorable majority at the general cleo
tlons, met this treason with courage and
declared II the policy of the government
to regard such attacks upon the life and
welfare of the Republic as crimes. In
the early part of the year Paris and It's
environs were devastated by floods of un-
exampled severity and destructiyeness.
In Spain a radical change of Ministry
occurred, Mr.. Canalejas becoming Prime
Minister, with a mandate to fight to a
finish the conflict between Church and
State. Revision of the Concordat was an
nounced. and in consequence thereof dip
lomatic relations with the Vatican were
suspended at the initiative Of the latter.
The government enacted a law prohibit
ing the multiplication Of clerical commu
mites I'm the kingdom. Portugal crowned
years Of discomfort with a revolution.
The royal dynasty was expelled and a
republic was established Church and
State were separated and religious com
munities were expelled. Late I'm the year
counter plots for royalist restoration
were organized by those who had not
found in the Republic the personal profit
which they expected.
The German Emperor held the centre
of the stage in his empire, with several
characteristic utterances. His vigorous
reaffrmation of the doctrine Of the divine
right Of kings and Of his personal non
accountability 10 any earthly authority
aroused widespread comment while bis
earnest recommendation Of total absti-
nence from intoxicating beverages at
tracted scarcely less attention Of another
kind. Increased taxation and refusal or
failure 10 reform the franchise system
in Prussia gave grounds for growing
popular discomfort, which was practically
manifested In an enormous growth Of the
Social Democratic vote I'm nearly all by
elections. The Relchsland was endowed
with autonomy but was not admitted
into the Bundesrath as a sovereign mem
Der Of the empire. Austria-I Hungary IN
Cured vast new expenditures for In
crease of the army aud navy, the an
nexed provinces I'm the Balkahs requiring
more troops and the demands OF the
Triple Alliance calling for the building
or a fleet OF Dreadnoughts. The lnde-
pendence party was signally defeated In
the Hungarian elections and the dual sys
tcm Of Deak was confirmed. A change Of
ministry occurred in Italy, but the policy
Of the government was little altered and
the unhappy economic and social condi-
ton of the nation was little improved.
Russia continued her strangely con-
Trajectory career in constitutional de-
YelOpmept The Douma's activities and