davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Norwich bulletin., 1911-11-07
PAID s26 EACH.
kHIinsIy Men Neglected to Settle Per-
 sonal Ta:.

Henry Superneault and Louis Gilmet. both of Occum, paid $26.69 each in the town court Monday because they had failed to pay their personal tax in the town of Kilhngiy when it was due. The men were brought here Saturday and held at the police station, the large amount paid in each case being due to the heavy costs accumulated. Hao they paid their taxes when they should have done so they would have paid g each
Norwich bulletin., 1911-11-07

ther of Rev J. J. OIeary and Sister M Leontine, was brought to P1tnam Monday. for burial in St. Marys cem- etery- Services were held at New Ca naan Monday morning. A large fu- neral party accompanied the body to this city. the majority of those attend ing returning on the evening trains.
Norwich bulletin., 1911-11-07
FATHERS DEATH
Soon Follows That of Son-John R. Watson Expires from Heart Trouble.

John R. Watson. 57, well known dead at his home in AttaWaugan, the end coming suddenly as the result of an aggravated attack of heart disease. Mir. Watson's son died at the Norwich state hospital three weeks ago. The deceased leaves Lis wife, three sons. two sisters, Mrs. Henry Stevens of Danielson and Mrs. Annie HaSWeH of Elmville, and two brothers William of Webster and Ellsworth of New Lon don.
Norwich bulletin., 1911-11-07
DANIELSON AND PUTNAM NEWS

abeth Gilroy of Pawtuclet, formerly of Danielson- have been spending few days with relatives in Danielson.
Norwich bulletin., 1911-11-07

Winsted. Cardinal elect Mons. Fall conf was associated with the Francis can church al Winsted, where he Ia bored as a missionary and made ire quent journeys through Litchheld county.
 Champagne has slightly more than 12 per cent. alcohol.
Norwich bulletin., 1911-11-07

J. F. Parker, 2e21 No. 1eth St, Ft. Smith, Ark, says that he had taken many kinds of kidney medicine, but did not get better until he took Foley Kidney Pills. No matter how long you have had kidney trouble, you will find gNick and permanent benefit by the nse of Foley Kidney Pills. Start talk ing them now. Lee & Osgood Co.
Norwich bulletin., 1911-11-07
OBITUARY.
Jossph csnpbeII.

Joseph Campbell, about TO years ot age and cobbler, died at his home in Dayville, Sunday, ss the result of a stroke of paralysis following an illness with pneumonia. MT. Campbell leaves his wife and two daughters.
Norwich bulletin., 1911-11-07
Doubt Cannot Exist
Investigation Will Only Strengthen the
 Proof We Give In Norwich.

How can doubt exist in the face of such evidence? Read here the endorse ment of a representative citizen of Norwich.
 Eugene Sweet, s4 Talman Street, Norwich, Conn, says: About twelve years age I learned of the value of Doan's Kidney Pills. At that time was confined to my bed as the result of an attack of lumbago. I suffered from sharp pains across my Joins and was greatly annoyed by too frequent and painful passages of the kidney se- cretfons. I consulted the best doctors in Providence, R. l., but their treat ment failed to help me in the least. Pills. and as I was badly in need of something that would help me I began their use. Improvement was soon mo- ticeable and I continued taking this remedy until my trouble disappeared Other meTf1b CTS of my family have taken this remedy for kidney com plaint and have been cured" (State- ment given August 26, 199S.)
 RE E-ENDORSEMENT.
 On July 20, 1911, MT. Sweet added: T confirm all l have ever said in praise of Doan's Kidney Pills as I con- slider them the best kidney remedy te be had. You may continue the publi- praise of Doan's Kidney Pills"
 For sale by all dealers. Price SOC. Foster Milhurn Co.,, Buffalo, New York, sole agents for the United States
 Remember the name-Doans-a take no other.
Norwich bulletin., 1911-11-07
DANiELSON

County Comnaissioners Give No De- eison in Gases of Saloons Opposed- Notify Others They May Open To- nieht-T axpayers SettIe-John R. Watscn's Unexpected Death.
Norwich bulletin., 1911-11-07

The total oil product of the United States in 1910 was 204, 900. 900 barrels.
The Washington herald., 1911-10-29

bered. was burned as a witch. Heretics
by thousands were accused of witch
craft and condemned to the stake
1t was reserved. however, for Pope
Innocent VIII to set the witch mania -
really going. He issued a bull calling
on the nations of Europe to rescue the
church Of Christ from the witches, and
appointed inquisitors in every country
armed with power to convict and pun
ish. Now, indeed, witch-hunting was un-
dertaken in deadly earnest. A class of
professional witch finders sprang into
being, who made 1t their sole business
to discover and burn witches One of
these inquisitors, Comanus, in Italy,
burned forty-one poor women in one
province. Another in Germany, named
Sprenger, burned more than 500 in a
year. :
Trials Of the accused were always ac-
companied by torture, by which means
they were compelled to confess whatever
the inquisitors wanted. Naturally, under
the circumstances they owned I'D to
anything. Some women even acknowl-
EDGED that they had had children by the
devil AcQuittals hardly numbered l per
cent of those tried. Accusation (which
anybody might wantonly bring against
anybody else) was practically equivalent
TO condemnation and sentence. Even the
hlehuS and relatives looked on and SEEM
cd to approve. To pity a witch was dan
Gerous. In the town of Piedmont in
france, so many were burned that there
was not family that did not lose one
or more members.
Luther and Calvin were as firm he
levers In witchcraft as Pope Innocent him
SELF The Protestants, when they took
hold of the business, were as eager witch
hunters as the Catholics. A statute of
Elizabeth, made in 1852. gave the first
formal recognition to witchcraft in Eng
land as a crime. and n few years later
the mania reached its climax all over
Europe. During thirty-nInc years the
average number of executions of witches
in Scotland was 200. In the first eighty
years of the seventeenth century 10000
The Washington herald., 1911-10-29
HALLOWEEN TRADITIONS WITH ITS WITCHES =
HANDED DOWN FROM EARLY SAXON DAYS

of the Brocken, where even at the pres
ent day the mountain-climber beholds gf-
gantic specters. Such a meeting was
called a sabbath" and was celebrated
with obscene and horrible orgies. One
item of the entertainment was usually
dance of toads, thousands of which
sprang out of the earth and pranced
about on their hind-legs, speaking with
human voices, and calling upon the
witches to give them flesh of unbap-
tized infants to eat.
In France and England witches rode
always on broomsticks. In Italy they
bestrode a goat Gtsef a demon), which
heightened or shortened according to
the number Of passengers 1t had to
carry. Ordinarily witches sailed over
the ocean in sleeves, and in entering or
leaving house they did not use the
doors. but came in through the key
hole and went out the chimney. All of
us have seen pictures of witches fly
ing out of chimneys on broomsticks.
Only two or three centuries ago people
really believed these things. The facts
in relation to them were considered as
we'll established as anything We know
at the present time. In the absence Of
knowledge Of physical science. any phe-
nomenon not easily explained was at
tributed to wItchcraft. Every misfor-
tune was referred to this cause. If a
mans COW dried up. a witch did it. II
his horse died, witch did y. II his
barn blew down, a witch did II. II
there was sickness in his family, witch
was responsible.
The only question in any such case
was. Who was accountable for the mis-
chief? Any poor old woman living in
the neiGhborhood was liable to be sus-
peCted; if more or less out Of her wits.
she was sure to be. All Europe went
crazy on the subject. Anybody who
wished to destroy another had only to
bring an accusation of witchcraft, and
the thing was accomplished. Both poll
tics and religion entered largely into the
matter Joan OF Arc, It will be remem-
The Washington herald., 1911-10-29
In Days of Long Ago Poor Women Used to
Pray They Might Not Grow Old,
Fearing Charge of Witchcraft.

child of school age will describe a witch
as a very old woman much bent and
hobbling with the aid Of a stick or
Crutch, who dwells in a wretched hut.
This picture is correctly descriptive of
the sort of person-poor, bent with age,
and perchance more or less crazy-who
was practically certain TO be denounced
as a witch two centuries or more ago.
One should understand that a witch is
q person who has made a compact with
the evil one, signed with her own blood,
by which she gives her soul in exchange
for certain advantages. Chief among the
latter is the control of the demons,
whose services she can absolutely COM
mand for the doing of all sorts of evil
deeds
The air according to the old-time be-
lief) is full of demons. One is liable to
take them into ones lungs in breathing.
On one occasion, of authentic record, a
nun forgot to make the sign of the cross
before she sat down I supper, in conse-
QuenCe of which neglect she swallowed
a demon that was concealed among the
leaves of lettuce. The demons can as
sumo any form they please. Sometimes
they make themselves hideous; at other
times they adopt shapes of transcendent
loveliness. Occasionally they appear as
handsome young men and, successfully
cOncealing their tails marry unsuspeCt-
ing young women.
1t was formerly understood that at
intervals general meetings Of witches
and demons were held-the favorite
place for congresses Of the fends of
all Christie ldom being among the peaks
The Washington herald., 1911-10-29

Witches in these days are chiefly as
sociated in peoples minds with Hal
loween, when, as Of yore, they are sup
posed to celebrate their annual carnival
disporting themselves in company with
a multitude Of demons, and playing all
sorts of pranks at the expense Of un-
wary human beings.
All of this is to-day regarded as a mere
joke. but the tradition, now resolved
into fun-making, comes down from pc
riod. not very far back in history, when
il signified dreadful and wholesale trag-
edy-a period during which, for more
than two and a half centuries, fires for
the burning of people accused of witch
craft were kept continually blazing all
over Europe. Those were times when
poor woman used commonly to pray that
they might not live long enough to grow
old lest they be accused and burnt as
witches.
more witches were publicly burned ev-
cry year. The fires lighted for such ex-
eCutiOns blazed in every city of France.
In Geneva 500 We're burned in 1915 and
1916 as protestant witChes-their chief
OffcnSe being really hercsy One thou
sand were similarly disposed of in the
district Of Como in 1924
The witchCraft superstition still sur
wives, though in a harmless fictional
form. in tales Of the nursery. Even in
Mother Goose the hag on a broomstick
figures conspicuOusly. Any intelligent
The Washington herald., 1911-10-29

were burned or otherwise destroyed in
England.
The accused were invariably subjected
them confess. And this was no mere
affair of a few years. There was no
abatement-of 1t during all the reign of
James VI Chimself a great prosecutor of
witches, and who wrote a book about
them), or amid the civil wars that fol-
lowed. or through the Long Parliament,
the usurpation of Cromwell, and the reign
Of Charles II.
In those days many persons made a
trade of witch-finding. One OF these,
named Matthew Hoskin, about the middle
of the fifteenth century, travelled about
in England. and in one year brought
sixty unfortunates to the stake. He
charged each town that he visited 20
shillings for hunting out any witches 1t
might contain, and received in addition
20 shillings a head for executions. The
test he used was that Of swimming"
The accused was tied up in a sack and
throws into the water. II she sank and
was drowned, the fact proved her inno-
cence: II she foated, she was guilty, and
therefore was burned. Eventually. II is
pleasant to tell, Hoskins himself was ac-
cused of witchcraft and subjected to his
own test whether ne NdS VI
burned, however, is not recorded.
The mania was in full blast in Europe
when the Puritans landed in New Eng
land, and that it should have broken
out on this side of the water is not sur
prising. Its first victim was Margaret
Jones, Of Charlestown. near Boston. She
was n woman of much intelligence, and.
having some sensible ideas about medi-
cine, disapproved of wholesale bleeding
and violent emetics. and used to work
cures by means of herb tonics and other
simple prescriptions. This offended the
doctors. and in 164S she was tried for
a witch, convicted, and hanged. Gov.
Winthrop. who approved the sentence
wrote that at the very hour of the exc
cution a tremendous windstorm came
up-a fact which, in his opinion, proved
the case against the accused.
Soon afterward a woman was hanged
as a witch in Dorchester. Mass, and an
other at Cambridge. The next victim
was Mistress Ann Hibbins, widow Of a
man OF position. She was tried in 1856
before Gov. End!cott and the General
Court. found guilty, and hanged on Bos-
ton Common June 70 of that year.
1t was not until 1892, however, that
the really frightful outbreak of the
The Washington herald., 1911-10-29

mania occurred in Salem Village. Two
young girls, nine and twelve years old,
the daughter and niece of a clergyman.
the Rev. Samuel Paris began to act
queerlyr uttering loud and piteous cries,
creeping into holes, and assuming odd
postures. Physicians said that they
were oewitched. They accused Tituba,
south American slave of the family
or bewftching them, and Mr. Paris. re-
sorting to the old-time expedient. beat
her until she confessed her guilt. She
was hanged
The children next complained of four
other women of excellent character
who were at once thrown into prison
Three other young girls joined the first
two in making accusations. The demon
OF superstition was loose. How much
of the testimony of the children was
criminal malice and how much hysteria
will never be known. During that year.
from February to August, $50 persons
In Salem were accused Of witchcraft,
including nine little girls and boys,
from five to fourteen years. Nineteen
were executed by hanging. No witches
were burned at Salem.
The trials, hasty and informal. were
conducted in a house still standing in
Salem Town. and known to-day as the
Old Witch House. which was originally
the home OF Roger Williams. Judge
Corwin, man superstitious and intOl-
Grant, occupied it in 1852. and there sat
in judgment over those accused of witch
craft, who. little attention being given
to any defense they had to offer. were
presently dragged to Witch Hill and
strung up.
For six months the business Of Salem
was largely at a standstill. the town be
ing half deserted. Terror was reflected
in every COuntenance, and there was dis
tress in every heart. Nobody felt safe.
Finally, however. the young girls, be-
coming overbold. turned their accusa-
tions to such high quarters-actUally
bringing charges against the wife OF
high official who had been active in the
witch-finding movement-that the bubble
of superstition broke. As soon as the
Judges ceased to condemn, there were no
more accusations, and thus the witch
frenzy in Massachusetts came at length
to an end. RENE BACHE.
The Washington herald., 1911-10-29
FLIGHT OF BIRDS
is NOW MEASURED
Song Thrush Has Long Dis
tance Record.

Some of the results OF the Aberdeen
University bird migration are contained
in a report just published. The object
of the work is to obtain specific and ac-
curate records of bird flights. Tho
method employed is to mark newly
hatched or young chicks In the nest n
the hope of tracing their subsequent
movements
The longest flight recorded thus far in
the inquiry was that OF a song thrush.
1t was marked when a chick in a nest at
Skene, Aberdeenshire. in early June.
1910. In early November of the same
year 1t was shot near Leiria, Portugal
l,25H miles by direct overseas route from
its birthplace. How far IL had trtvelad
in the six months of it's life could only
be cTes sed at. but the investigators es-
timated that 100 miles would he we'll
within the possibilities.
Five lapwings We're marked in their
nest in the northeast of Scotland. Four
were shot in Ireland. in four different
counties, and the fifth was found III
Southern Portugal \ EuillemOt was
marked as a newly Matched chick on
Gig ghteen weeks later north of Gothen-
burg, Sweden. a widgeOn duckling
marked in the nest on Lock Brora. Scot
land. was taken in a duck deCOy in
Province GrOnigen, Northeastern HOl-
land, three months later.
The investigation possibly will add lit
tie to the knowledge of ornithOloEists.
but II will present a great collection OF
authentic records showing how quickly
the nedgling tests his young strength in
overseas flights.
The Washington herald., 1911-10-29

So that a sufferer from rheumatism
can have practically continuous electrical
treatment a Colorado man has invented
an apparatus consisting of insoles for
shoes, connected by wires to a storage
battery to be carried in the pocket.
The Washington herald., 1911-10-29

The value Of the seasons herring catch
of the Scotch fisheries is placed at
$500 600. representing the money paid
to fishermen on the first landing.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1911-10-31
PRIMARIES TO-DAY
IN Los ANGELES
WOMEN'S VOTE MAY BE THE DE-
Gliding FACTOR IN THE PACIFIC
COAST CITY.

Los Angeles. Cal, Oct. S1.-The
warfare between labor and capital, ,
which has long found its most vio-
lent expression in Los Angeles, plays
no small part in today's primaries for
the choosing of municipal candidates.
The conservative element is arrayed
on one side while the radicals and
labor men are almost solidly support
ing the socialist ticket, headed by
job Hartman, associate counsel in
the Mcnamara trial, for mayor. The
primary today is looked upon as a
test OF strength. The women. recent
ly admitted to suffrage in California,
may be the deciding factor and both
sides have been earnestly wooing
the fair sex. The radicals have an
apparent advantage in that the social
lists and labor unions everywhere have
always favored suffrage, while the Los
Angeles Times. the organ OF the con-
servatives and anti-union forces, bit
terly opposed the granting of the bal
lot to women. Gen. Otis. the proprie-
tor of The Times and the inspiration
OF the Merchants and Manufacturers
Association. fought the suffrage
amendment tooth and toenail and
with all the acrimony for which he
Is noted, and there is no doubt that
he and his followers are 'in bad with
the ladies. The socialists are jubil-
ant at the success of The suffrage
-or women and declare that as a re-
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1911-10-31

SPEAKER CHAMP CLARK,
Who Will Attend the Trans Mississip-
nj Congress and Deliver an Address.
He is a Strong Probability as Demo
cratic Candidate for President.
ton which will result IN congress ap-
propriating twenty million dollars for
making the Missouri River navigabls
between Kansas City and St Louis.
The Kansas City-Missouri River Nayi-
CATION Company, which is now run
ming boats on the river, and the Mis-
souri, River Improvement Association
are not going TO allow the congress to
adjourn without adopting "A resolution
favoring this appropriation. 1t is very
probable that Goyernor John Burke OF
South Dakota, interested in the Upper
Missouri as its president, Will call a
special session of the Missouri I'm
movement Association TO meet here
in conjunction with the Trans-Missis-
sippi.
This is the third time thai the con
gress has met in Kansas CITY. II
got It's swadling clothes in Kansas
City, and again in 1906 when 1t had
assumed powerful proportions, it met
here. Convention Hall is designated
as the meeting place, though special
meetings will be held every morning
in downtown theaters. The hall will
seat $4,000 persons. AS a feature OF
the entertainment Congressman VII
liam z. Borland of Kansas City, has
obtained governmental permission TO
have the Panama pictures exhibited
az the congress. Lieutenant George
Goethals, son OF the head OF the Pan
ANA work. will show the pictures
and talk on the canal. This is the
first time the pictures have been
shown publicly
As another feature of entertain
ment the Kansas City Commercial
Club will spread huge banquet in
Convention hall on the night OF Nov.
"A. in its annual celebration OF the
John Jay Treaty, particularly appro-
pirate In connection With the Trans
Mississippi Commercial Congress. Fif-
teen hundred plates w'l be spread.
Delegates may be appointed by Com
mercial Clubs, Mayors OF cities and
towns and boards OF county commits
sioners. Reduced rates have been au-
thorized by the railroads to- Kansas
CITY.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1911-10-31

COLONEL FRED FLEMING.
VicePresIdent OF the Kansas City Life
Insurance Co. Who is President OF
the Trans Mississippi Congress And
viii Preside at All Sessions.
Western clearing house for ideas, and
the national legislators pay strict at
tention to the expressions of this clear
ing house.
The congress has assumed such i'm
portance and magnitude that the fore
most statesmen, business men, law
makers, farmers and iinanciers OF the
country attend it in order TO catch
the drift of public opinion. Al this
meeting will be at least six OF the
twenty governors who rule the terri
tory covered by the congress. Cover
nor Herbert Hadley of Missouri, Will
open the congress with an address of
welcome, and in this address he will
sound the keynote of the import of
the meeting. Governor John Burke
of North Dakota, who is president OF
the Missouri River Improvement AS
sociation, will speak on the Upper
Missouri River. Governor {. A. Aid
rich Of Nebraska, will talk on The
Regulation of Interstate Rates and
Their Relation to the Producer and
Consumer. Governor o. b. Colquitt
of Texas. Governor w. 4. Stubbs OF
Kansas and Governor John Il. Shat
roth of Colorado. will make addresses
Nearly two hundred government
heads, senators and congressman will
attend the meeting. Darwin f. Kings.
ley, president OF the New York Life
Insurance Company, will speak on
Life Insurance and Justice, and Fred
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1911-10-31
GOV. HERBERT S. HADLEY.

GOV. HERBERT s. HADLEf.
or Missouri Who win Deliver the Ad-
dress OF Welcome And Serve as a
Member of the Program Committee.
w. Fleming, vice-president OF the Kan
sas City Life Insurance Company. is
president OF the congress this year
and will preside at all meetings.
Champ Clark, speaker of the House
OF Representatives. who is talked of
for president, will address the con-
gress during its four-days' session,
and he chooses his own subject. 5.
NJ. Sparkmau, chairman of the House
Committee on Rivers and Harbors,
will also attend. Some of the speak.
ers on the improvement u waterways
are: Walter $. Dickey OF Kansas
City. president of the Kansas City
Missouri River Navigation Company;
Charles W. X. Kavanaugh OF St
Louis, Congressman William p. Bor-
land and Congressman Charles +.
Boohe.
Sena'or William L. Borah of Idaho
and Al,a Adams. former governor OF