The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1911-07-20

Yucatan Is vast limestone formation with lit
tie or no surface water. One may travel for
miles and miles and never cross river or brook,
or even chance upon modest spring. Indeed.
IN the northern part, where most OF the great
ruined cities are located, water is fully 20 feet
below the surface of the ground. The modern
inhabitauts overcome this difficulty by means
of wells and windmills, which afford the only
source Of water supply during the dry sea-
son December to June) excepting what little
rain water may have been caught during the
rainy months and stored In cisterns.
But Of wells and windmills the ancient May
as knew nothing. and, generally speaking, had
it not been for the great natural reservoirs
which nature had scattered here and there
over the country Yucatan never could nave
been colonized.
These great natural wells, or, as the Mayas
call them. cenotes, are found all over Yucatan-
They are usually about 100 feet In diameter, or
sometimes more. and about 70 feet In depth to
the level Of the water. Biologists say that
these cenotes are places where the limestone
crust which everywhere covers the surface
of Yucatan, has become weakened by the
washing of subterranean waters and has cal
iapsed of it's own weight, forming great sink
holes or natural wells on large scale. And
now 1t Is clear why the ancient inhabitants
Of Chichen TIA so named their city. In the
course of their wanderings the general trend
Of which was northward, the Itzas, entering
Yucatan from the south, finally reached the
two cenotes, around which Chichen liza later
was built, but which then was probably moth
ing but wilderness. Here the striking contrast
afforded by such an abundance of water in
country SO generally parched could not fall to
have attracted their attention. The place must
have seemed to the thirsty wanderers God
given site for the location Of their new home.
BY right Of discovery they claimed the place,
and to the city which grew up around the GEN.
otes they gave the name OF Chichen TIA, THE
Mouth of the Wells of the Itzas."
The two cenotes at Chichen TIA have been
known by the Mayas from time immemorial
as the Cenote Grande and the Cenote Sacra.
or the large Cenote and the Sacren Cenote. re-
spectively The first of these only in former
times was used for the water supply Of the
CITY, the Sacred Cenote being reserved for re-
ligious use exclusively. 1t is the latter, how
ever, and the religious observances held in
connection with it, which gave the city its
holy character From far and near all over
Yucatan, and probably even from points more
distant pilgrimages were made to the Sacred
Cenote 1t seems to have been the most holy
shrine of the Maya people, comparable only
In importance to the Mohammedan Mecca and
the Christian Jerusalem In time of drought
offerings of all kinds were thrown into it
treasures and in cases of extremity even liv
ing human sacrifices.
Chichen liza today is somSwhsf changed in
appearance from the time when pilgrims came
from far and near to appease with human sac
riflce the wrath Of offended deities. Now the
city lies buried in thick jungle, which has
steadily won its way into tire very heart Of
the holy place. Colonnades have been over
thrown and pyramids covered with trees to
their summit courts have been lost in
tRngle OF thorn and creepers; and palaces
stripped Of their sculptured establishment.
DesolRtion has spread everywhere In the
wake of the encroaching vegetation.