El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1911-07-10

in Milwaukee today. Ways and means
for improving the methods Of selling
records and Of extending the use Of the
talking machine in the schools will be
discussed
The sale of talking machines has be-
come an important factor in the must
cal instrument business, but even more
important is the sale Of records to
those who already have machines.
Every newspaper reader is familiar
with the announcements of new rec
ords made monthly by the several talk
ing machine firms, and the general pub
lie knows that the music store talk
ing machine concerts are designed to
promote the sale of records quite as
much as to advertise the machines
themselves.
Machine On Auto.
A Milwaukee retail musical instru-
ment dealer has fitted up an autOmO-
bile for the purpose Of extending his
talking machine trade through the ru-
raj sections of Wisconsin. He carries
several machines and a large number
of records and goes about over the
country giving free concerts at the
farm houses and taking orders where
ever he can-get them A San Francisco
retailer has a similar system for sell
ing records in the city and suburbs.
He has a wagon which carries several
thousand records. Regularly each
month this wagon visits every old GUS
toner who owns a talking machine,
and the householder is given an oppOr-
tunity to hear the new records on his
own machine and in his own home
before making purchases.
When Edison invented the first talk
ing machine a great future for COM
mercial and industrial service was pre-
dicted for It, and while ii is true that
the photograph is used more generally
in business today than ever before, by
far the greater number of talking ma
chimes are used for entertainment and
not for business. AS nearly all Of the
talking machine records used for enter
tainment are musical it may be said
that the words talking machine" are
hardly appropriate Yet this term is
used by the trade because of the un-
avoidable confusion of ''phonograph,'
'graphophone" and "gramophone2 The
popular impression that the term pho
nograph' should be applied to any ma
chine which reproduces sound from a
cylinder record, while 'gramophone' or
graphphone" should be properly ap
piled to a disc playing machine is in
correct The first photograph model
used disc recofd and the first gramo-
phone was made on cylinder
Three Different Machines.
AS a mater of fact the three diff
ferent words describe different ma
chimes. The photograph was invented
by Thomas A Edison in 1876 and was
patented in 1877. 1t was the first
sound reproducing machine. Edison
used the principle Of the phonauto-
graph. an instrument invented by Leon
Scott in 1857, which recorded sound on
e vaaH1a Vi
brated by sound waves falling upon
thin diaphragm Mr. Edison was at
tempting to use this principle to per-
feet a telegraph sending instrument
which would send the dots and dashes
Of the Morse code by opening ana
closing the electric circuit through
perforations in a sheet Of tinfoil wrap
ped about a cylinder Of metal. de
found that the perforationS produced
the same effect on the vibrating needle
when the cylinder was again revolved
under it. Taking advantage of the
principle of sound reproduction Of the
newly invented telephone, Edison pro-
duced the photograph
The GrsTsh ophOne.
Nine years later, in 1885, Alexander
Graham Bell and c. s. fainter patented
the graphOphOne. Both the phono-
graph and the graphophone reproduce
sound upon the same principle. IN
each case sound waves are allowed TO
strike delicately held diaphragm:
which vibrates under the impact OF
the sound waves. A needle attached 10
this diaphragm was in turn used 10
reproduce the recorded sound Inc
essential difference between the phono-
graph and the graphophOne is that the
Edison machine indents a record on the
cylinder with an up and down move
menf of the needle. while the Bell and
fainter machine cuts an up and down
lire In both Of these machines the
sound lines on the record, whether in
dented or cut. are of varying depths
In reproducing sound the needle Is
pushed up over the shallow places IL
the sound line by the pressure of the
record. and is pushed down into the
deep places by the pressue Of the dia-
phragm.
GramOphOne Invented.
The gramophone was invented by
Emile Berliner in 1887. and is there
fore the youngest of the talking ma
chine family. In England the word
"gramophoner is generally used for all
kinds of talking machines. but in this
country it is little used because the
Berliner patent has been advertised and
sold under a trade name. the scien-
tific name being almost entirely ig-
nored. The gramOphone is that ma
chine made famous by the picture oil
the dog listening to his masters
voice"
The BerIiner gramOphone is operated
upon a distinctly individual principle
Instead Of a sound line being cut up
and down in the record. as in the case
Of the photograph and the graphic
phone. the needle of the recording
Berliner machine moves in a spiral
groove of uniform depth around
disc. and cuts the sound record in the
side Of this groove. so that the complet-
ed record is a sinuous spiral AS the
side. and not the point of the needle
reproduces the sound in the gramo-
phone. a new needle is required fire.
quently. and is advised for every time
a record is played. In the phono-
graph and graphophone the sapphire
pointed needle is not changed.
Records On Films.
A new talking machine has recent
ly been invented by F. c.. Goodale of
Tacoma which makes a record on a
long film, such as is used by the reels
of moving picture machines II this
machine is demonstrated to be prac-
ficabIe one it will permit the recording
| of long speeches. and of entire operat-
ic and theatrical performances upon a