davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1911-07-02
Custer Complaints Filed.

Custer complaints were filsd III the
Third district court Saturday afternoon
by the Utah Copper company against
Mike Johnson. Victor Eckman. John
Smith. Caroline TI. Johnson and Oscar
Johnson. Damages alleged 10 be due for
unpaid rent on primises owned by the
company at Carr Fork. where tho defend =
ants have been residing. are asked In
ca ch case
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1911-07-02
lbs ON BENCH
DEMAND
. beautiful Homes to Be
'arilt to the East and
Southeast.
has PARK STILL
ATTRACTING BUYERS
4 Of Property Spending
,.,,e IN Needed
4 .lents.

,,d money well spent have
-.nr marked changes In suburb
aims Of Salt Lake, converting
~, raw bench land to the most
.Irl Of residence sections. That
= Of residence building is
A these bench properties there is
Ia IN the last two years hun
. 4 uew homes have gone up out
r,v from the more crowded parts
4 ;ity. People have sought the
4 s,inls near the city for homes,
,Isr may live in strictly resi-,
. s.iious. Around these homes
ruug up all the features Of
I an, set out residence sections
sisr parts of a city So rapidly
q york been going on that the
lItor TO the bench properties is
\ Al the changes made. Time is
4 il the next few years when all
ID southeast bench will be solid
81 up with as pretty homes as
q snd in any city in the coun-
- The bench properties TO un-
( great change is the tract now
4 Il Douglas Park, 1t comprises
"a and was the old Wells patent.
tu Il does close in to the busi-
'It!rct, although strictly a SUI
4 tact, this park is attracting
'Inhle attention right now from
Eii7s owners of homes, and de-
Is 80 for several reasons. In
Is place, the land in Douglas
|Es naturally for a pretty resi-
|iytict. At the point where one
i from the city proper to the
IL. rise 10 the bench is semi
! From Eleventh East it is only
rrssss to the west boundary of
y Park. Thence extending back
Ia to Twenty.fourth East the
|essents natural beauties and con
EHs that at once draw and hold
e. For years this tract Law
hitting the time when capital
|cHU should annex it to Salt
Other Requisites.
e, Douglas Park offers some of
episites of a suburban home site
r,ld view. freedom from the
4 factories and a healthful at
ne From every point on the
last is to be gained a most
pa Tiew of the great Salt Lake
Not only that, but to the east
=. mountain range, Offering a
: thst direction unsurpassed in
and beauty. Fort Douglas
ttMhesst, with 200 acres of land
nll be made into national
tae next year or two, is an
n'netive feature of the park.
unequaled attraction to the
ave buyer is the close prox~
zoe park to the University of
= tae new high school site, as
Al hsllows college site on the
by these attractions Douglas
70 ideal residence tract, locat-
% the city, already surrounded
pfovenents. 1t is not like
= miles from the heart of the
Away from every natural con-
people need and demand. be-
lnsse have been provided in
ca service. one of the first
es asked for by people 60
!. holroan sections, is being ex-
: The park. Car service al
Msllable to Eleventh East on
ZIG within a minute s walk
Az Grading on the line out
.io on past the new high
ss and through the center of
',s Is being pushed rapidly.
snAing improvements.
D. sne natural advantages of
,lk as a residence section
iee y work of skilled engineers
y out into building lots, the
l o1 streets and boule.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1911-07-02

attorney: l.. o. Lee. attorney. Elmer
4. Kicker. manager Equitable Insur-
ance company. a ]. Miller. c. W. VIII
son. Charles NJ Morris. assistant coun-
tv attorney; It. p Gallagher. P. j.
GalIaGhe II. o. Eldredge ". FL
dredcc. CT; J. T.. Hubbard, ] \,
Headlund. architect: William Worth
Butte. five lots: VIII G.. Farrell OF
Pennsylvania Mutual Life Insurance
company, and William Patrick OF
Decker. Patrick company, five lots.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1911-07-02
BUILDING PERMITS
AGGREGATE S3S.100

Building permits issued for the last
week are as follows:
Thomas Kcarns brick addition 10
boiler room. 42-4i Commercial
street -. ............. $4,000
Spencer Clawson. alterations brick
dwelling. l76 Fifth avenue. 500
wellington T. Lake. brick garage.
street 49,. ..........,.......... 1000
Wellington Il. Lake. brick porch.
3i7 East South Temple street. 500
CLAYTON Investment company, stone
front. 52-5i East First South
Deseret Savings bank. brick store
buildings. 2Ol, 2o1i, POI S-6 East
Fourth South street. $500
+. Fl. Crager. double brick dwell
ling, l2S and 1884 East Wash
ington place ..-.,...,......... 1000
6. r. Bothwell. alterations TO brick
roominE house. 81 South Second
Boutwell, g. Houghton. tive~room
frame dwelling. 432 North Main
street ....... ..........-....... 1900
Boutwell, & Houghton. ilye-room
frame dwelling. 4$o North Main
Boutwell, &c Houghton. seven-soom
frame dwelling. 434 North Main
street ...,;... ..;.,.,:.,..;.. 2oop
Harriet Condie. alterations to brick
dwelling, 522 South Second West
street ...........,.,.-... 800
T. 70. Doxic. flyc room brick dwell
ling, 1191 South Eighth East
s'Ts%i ''; s,x.rooro brIct dwell. @'"'
ling. 1888 Second avenue. 5000
A. r. Thomas. eight-room frame
dwelling. 14l4 Perry avenue: 80. 1000
Zion's Savings Bank and Trust
company. brick dwelling. 1923
soulh Park street .....,........ 5000
Total for week .......... s3s. 100
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1911-07-02
ERECTING RESIDENCES
IN FREMONT HEIGHTS

F. J. Swanner is erecting four houses
to cost about $4,000 each In Fremont
Heights, a block west OF the new high
school site Mr. Swanner has plans and
speciricatIons under way for construction
immediately of several more residences
IN this location.
Boutwell, G. McConaughy report the
Gale of n fvs-room cement block cot
iarc 10 ]. J., Webb, consideration S2S0o
TO c. F. Cromcr Il four-room shipEle
bungalow situated on Seventh West and
Seycnth South. consideration $4,000,
Flye-roon brick cottage. Fourth South
and Ninth West. TO j. G. smithen, $1,000,
Tribune Want Ads.
Bell Main 5000. Independent 800.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1911-07-02

Tho time foc receiving proposals on the
work included in the above notice tn con-
tractors Is hereby extended until Friday,
July 4. 1911. at s o'clock p,
BY order OF the Board of Public Works.
IL e.. MCMILLAN, Chairman.
fInls
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1911-03-10
COUNCIL A%PPROPRIAIfS|
$500 TO LIBRARY
This Amount was Given Toward the
Maintenance Of Same.

The regular stated meeting of the
City Council was of much interest
Tuesday night, inasmuch as a body
of our most prominent citizens at
tended the meeting in behalf of an
appropriation of $500 towards the
maintenance of the Library when
completed. The appropriation up
on these conditions was male I'M
aminously, which is a decided boom
to theLibrary, asthe site has already
been donated by Mrs. DR.. T. r.
Henderson.
The regular routine of work was
gone through, and the Council was
forced to until adjourn Monday night
when they hope to wind up the
March term. So soon as the min
utes are signed, same will appear in
The Commonwealth
The Commonwealth Pub. Co. was
selected as city printer for the cur.
rent year, at $25 per month for al
publication, etc., save that class O.
work commonly termed Job Prin'
ing.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1911-03-10
Citation.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI.

SIA L II on Mlo~
To James S. Shoesmith, whose post
office address is GIL Justine Street,
Chicago, Ill; Maggie Dorm, whose post
office address is Beatrice, Nebraska;
Fred Buss, whose post Office address is
Mcconnell, III; Emma McComb, whose
post cffice address is Waterloo, iowa;
Lydia J. Clark, whose post office adj
dress is 1882 West Fifth Street, Has
tings, Nebraska; Beulah Sboesmith,
Vesta Shoesmith and Edward w. Shoe
smith, whose post office address is
6542 woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, Ill;
and John Justice, Mary Gaulraup,
Bertha J.. Buss, Lizzie Bass, Rosetta
Depus, Fred Paris, and Mary Buss,
whose rost office address is Lena, Ill,
and Aide NJ. Brown, whose residence
and pest office is unknown:
You are commanded to appear before
the CHANGERS Court of the County OF
Lefore, in said State on the fourth
Monday ofMarch, A. d. 1911 to defend
the suit and answer the cross bill in
said court, of George Shoesmith filed in
the u OF Emma Shoesmith VS.,
Elizabeth Latham ct al. numbered 222s
on the general docket of said Court,
wherein you are defendants.
This the End, day of March, A.
1911.
G. w. CROCKETT, Clerk.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1911-03-10
Notice to Contractors.

Contract will be let to the lowest
and pest bidder, by the Board Of Super
visors of Lehore County, Mississippi,
on the First Monday OF April, 1911, at
public outcry, in front of tho Court
House door, at Neon in the City Of
Greenwood, Mississippi, for the follow
ing work, to wit:
For all near east end of Steele Bridge
near Shell Mound. To make road on
Canal dump at Guide about 5000 I ct; To
be 20 It. with 1. ] to 1 It. Fol Artesian
we'll on County Farm, bids for 3, 4 and
9 inch. Bridge neal Belchaso in Beat l
about 50 It. long; Bench. For all at
Lone Star about 100 It. long. Iron
Bridge across Democrat Bayou, about
800 feet long. Pile Bridge I've Demo
crat Bayou about 800 feet long.
Bidders to give bond equal to
the amount Of bid. for the faithful per-
Torrance Of their contract.
This 9Th day of March 1911.
c. W. CROCKETT, Clerk.
Bv B p. Chatham, d. C.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1911-03-10
Petition for Pardon.
To His Excellency, E. F. Noel, Governor
of the State of Mississippi:

To His Excellency, E. F. Noel, Governor
Of the State of Mississippi:
Tie petition of Joe Irvln together
with the undersigned citizens of Lee
fore County would respectfully repre-
sent and show unto your ExCellency
that he, the said Joe Irwin, was indict-
ed for murder and entered a plea of
guilty Of manslaughter to said indict-
ment at the January term, 1908, of the
Circuit Court of said county and was
sentenced to the p%enitentiary for fv 9
years. He states that the party killed,
a woman, threw herself before the gun
that Joe Irwin fired at another party,
who was attempting to kill said Irwin
at the time. That said Irwin had no in
tention of killing the said woma n and
shot at the other party in defense OF
his own life. Wherefore your petition
ers prays that a pardon be granted to
the said Joe Irwin.
JOE IRWIN and others.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1911-03-10
Notice of trustees sale.

Under and by virtue Of the authority
in me as trustee in that certain
Of truss executed by Mrs. Ula v.
selles md ~. Crockett, guardian
of the minor, James Harding Jones and
of the minor, Elolse Jones, on the sixth
day of February, 1909, to secure the
payment of a certain indebtedness
therei mentioned, to the Bank of Com
merce, of Greenwood, Mississippi,
which deed of trust is duly recorded in
Book ?, page 2O2, of Deeds of Trusts and
Mortgages on lands in Leflore County.
Mississippi, reference to which is here
by made, default having been made in
the payment of Indebtedness therein
mentioned, due and unpaid, and at the
request of the holder and owner Of said
indebtedness due and unpaid, I, the un-
d~ersigned, named as trustee in said
deed of trtst, will proceed to sell, to
satisfy said Indebtedness, at public
cutlery, within legal hours, to the high
est bidder for cash, or Monday, the 18th
day of March, 1911, at the door of the
Court House in the city of Greenwood,
Mississippi, the property described in
said deed of trust as follows, to-wit:
The unexpired lease on the Southeast
Quarter Is. E. y of Section Sixteen
Township Twenty-one, Range One
| West, Lefore County, Mississippi
Witness my signature, this the 18th
day of February, A. D. 1911.
H. L. RAY, Trustee.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1911-03-10
Trustee Sale.

Notice is hereby given that whereas
N. N. Walker and Caroline Wright did
the 18th day Of July 1909, execute to
me as trustee, a deed of trust to secure
the payment of certain sums of money
to James Ousley, which deed of trust
is of record at page LOG, book 5 Of the
of trust deeds in Leiore Coun-
ty, Missippi, and whereas some Of said
notes have not been paid at maturity,
and whereas the present holder of said
notes has declared the whole of the in
debtedness has. requested me to sell the
property conveyed as provided in the
deed of trust. Now, therefore, l will
within legal hours IN Monday the 3rd
day Of April 1911, in front Of the court
house door in Greenwood, Leflore
County, Mississippi, offer for sale and
sell to the highest and best bidder for
cash the following described property,
to-wir: Lot 2, block Is of Of the Henry
addition to the city of Greenwood, with
all improvements and appurtensnces
thereunto belonging in Lefore County,
Mississippi.
. The title is bell red to be good, but
will sell and convey as trustee only.
Witness my hand this the 9Th day
of March 1911.
B. D. STONE, Trustee.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1911-03-10
Dates for Criminal Cases.

OOIVS tut ~ 11BU11G&1U ~001e
Money court, Judge L F Fredoricks, first
and third Saturdays.
Minter city court. Judge ] j Sims, first and
third Tuesdays.
schlater court. Judge " Ethridge second
and fourth Wednesday.
Greenwood court, Judge D P Montgomery
every Friday.
Itta Bena court, Judge X F Love, every
Thursday.
Sidoh court, Judge W Hatch, second and
fourth SATURDAYS.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1911-03-10
BUSINESS LEAGUE
ELECTS DIRECTORS.
Fifteen Directors IRE Chosen for the
Current Year.

Tuesday was rather . busy day at the
rooms Of the Greenwood Business
League, when fifteen directors were
elected by . ballot for the current
year 1911.
Much enthusiasm was shown owe the
election, as it was of great import. The
development of Greenwood and Lee
hore County partially lies in the hands
of this organization, and the directors
guide it's administration.
Thirty nominations we're made, and
the ballot was q heavy one. Mr.. Harry
Hosmer and DR.. T.. r. Henderson led
the ticket in the number of votes and
the following directors were declared
elected by the League:
DR.. s. L. Brisser, Latham Ray, G. E
Wright, N. s. Wright, J. D. Duncan, e. L.
Mounger, W. r. Humphrey, r. c.
King, E. r. McShane, w. M. Hammer,
W. M. Peteet, DR.. T. r. Henderson. S. r.
| Keesler, II. Hosmer.
The Bank of Le1ore brings up an TX
ceedingly interesting point in one OF
| their locals this week. They speak OF
q bank book being q splendid means OF
indentifcat ton. Do you ever think
what it lea to have q bank book in
which entries have been made at regular
intervals for a year or SO? II you
happen to be in a strange town, what
better evidence of good character could
show than a handbook with a faithful
record. 1t not necessary to have large
entries; small amounts convey and i'm
preston of confidence an fidelity.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1911-03-10

Mr.. Poultryman: If You are not
getting eggs. don'tblame the chick
ems; help then by feeding Conkey's
Laying Tonic. Ask for Conkey's
Free Poultry Book at Wilson Feed
Store.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1911-03-10
Citation Notice.

STATE OF MISSISSIPPI.
To Rob Ford, defendant, Post Office
unknown.
You are commanded to appear before
Chancery Court Of the County of Le-
fore, in said State, on the fourth Mon
day of March, 1911, to defend the suit
in said court of Leila Ford, wherein you
are a defendant.
This February 20, 1911.
G. W.. CROCKETT, Clerk.
BY 3. P. CHATHAM, D. g.
Means Johnston, Solicitor.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1911-03-10
Citation Notice.
HE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI.

THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI,
L-dore County.
To Ella Pearson, whose post-oface adj
dress 10 Memphis, Tenn.
You are commanded tO appear before
the Chancery Court Of tho County OF
Lefore in said State on the 4th Monday
Of March 1911 to defend the quit OF
Perry Pearson wherein you Arc the de-
PENDANT.
This the 3Oth OF February 1911.
c. W. CROCKETT, Clerk,
BY B. p. CHATHAM, d. C.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1911-03-10
Citation.
A OF MISSISSIPPI:

81 OH ~SSIS5
To Chap Neal, Defendant.
You are commanded to appear before
the Chancery Court of the County OF
Leflcre. in said State. on the fourth
Monday, A D. 1911, to defend the suit
in said court Of 6elanie Neal, Wherein
are defendant.
This the 18th day Of February, 1911.
81 G. ". CROCKETT, Clerk.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1911-03-10
Money to Loan.

We have some clients Who desire to
- money on farm propsrty-regard'
less Of the boll-weevil. For termf
apply to POLLARD d HAMMER,
Attorneys.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1911-11-19
PHILIPPINE SOLDIER
REFUSED CITIZENSHIP

NEW YORK. Nov. ls.-Thougl he has
given twelve years of distinguished sery
tee 10 his adopted country, Lieutenant
Colonel John Roberts White OF the Phlli-
pine ccnstabulary. was refused citizen
ship papers today by the United States
circuit court The court asserted that II
had no jurisdiction in the case and could
issue the papers only after the petitioner
had resided here for the necessary pc
Rod.
There is no court in the Philippines TO
which Colonel White could apply, So he
announced that he would appeal to con-
gress for special relief.
Colonel White. who IL n native of Eng
land. enlisted In the fourth infantry at
Seattle In 1899 at the age OF 10.
In the Philippine instruction he received
wounds at Bud Dajo, which sent him to
q hospital for seven months. For 2alan-
try in that engagement he was award ed
q medal OF honor and given a letter Of
recommendation from President Taft
then governor general OF the islands. Al
the end OF his enlistment ne accepted
n commission In the constabulsry.
Constant service i'm tho islands having
prevented him from gaining the neces-
sary residence. Colonel White reccntN ob-
tained leave OF absence TO come here in
order 10 obtain papers.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1911-11-19
GAS COMPANY FILES
INJUNCTION ACTION
Wants "Controllers' Taken
From the Pipes of the
Corporation.

Alleging that the defendants in the
action have been tampcring and inter
fering with the pipes and meters used
TO supply gas to the residents of the
city by installing what is known As
'.gas controllers" the Utah Gas 81
Coke company began suit IN the Third
district court Saturday afternoon TO
restrain and enioin r. l.. Harley and
Ed Harley from placing any more of
the controllers on the gas company S
pipes and meters and to compel them to
remove those already installed.
1t is alleged that the two Harleys
have sort of contrivance or gas
controller which they have in more
than forty cases installed in the homes
of consumers of gas in this city. 1t is
averred that they are installed near the
meters in the gas uipes and that
through tho installation the meters and
pipes of the gas company have been
tampcrcd with and pieces of pipe have
been removed for the controller carried
off
The belief is asserted that If they are
not restrained the defendants will con.
time to install the controllers, and an
order is asked restraining them from so
doing. IT is further PRAYED that they
be compelled to remove the controllers
already installed and 10 be compelled
to pay the company TIE expense In-
CURED by connecting the pipes again.
The defendants in this action arc
said to be the same parties that are
at the back of petition which was re-
Gently presented to the Salt Lake city
council signed by number of prom
inent business men of tie city, asking
for an Investigation into the mauufac-
ture and sale Of gas here.
The charge that the principal pro
motor of the petition "bas an agency
for gas controller was made by the
gas company at the time the petition
was sent to the city council. Harley
is said to be associated with this petit
tion
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1911-11-19
The Week in Dry Goods.

The movement in dry goods during the
week has consisted chiefly OF orders for
immediate delivery, says the Dry Goods
Economist Such orders AS a rule have
been small individually but make up a
far aSSrc rcSate volume. Buyers still hes
itato in supplying their future wants.
Among selling agents for mills produc-
ing fabrics including silks. WOODEN and
worstcd dress goods. cotton goods, etc.
the impression is strong that orders will
be literally placed in January when
merchants and department heads make
their appearance in the market.
The staple cotton goods situation Is
unchanged. The census bureau report
as 10 The amount ol cotton ginned ND to
November | showed a uuaunty very close
20 what had been expected. viz. a little
under lo.ooo.ooO bales. against 7.Si5.O00
bales last year 20 the same date and
s;l9l'oep bales for the corresponding por-
ion Of the record crop of 1908 90 Many
holn mat these figures point 10 a crop
OF $1,000 600 bales.
oi Ncw YORK from tho beginning OF the
wear to the close Of last week show a
gain over the same period OF last year
sle.l+s.00o in 1910 The shipments oS the
week included nearly $3.50. 600 worth 10
.,n,Ih, The carp carpet trade has been seriously
upset oy the low prices made by one
ISTGe concern prior TO last weeks auc-
{ion the majority Of manufacturers find
l',s ,s 'nenIseFes nii..s unable 10 meet such prices
lThe Tact that embroidery and lace
houses sun have some OF their men on
inc road shows that there is still bu.i
ness being done in those line Tho
handkerchief trade has been very GOOD
tne percentage OF deliveries for The holI
day trade having been larger than for
several seasons. Road salesmen are also
doing good business on table linens
Neekwear houses are having an unrsm.
any GOOD demand. duo 10 the popuIarI
81 side trlils and also 10 the continued
eau for fancy effects made up OF rib
owing 10 tho abseuce OF any marked
fad. except for large fancy bags fanr,t
goods houses are encounterinx unusual
difficulties. The change I'm the fashton
Gus effect on producers OF hair rolls. as
wcil as on manufacturers OF hair orna
inents.
In the garment field the hes; position
Is occupied Dy msnuf5 cturcrs OF speciai
ties buyers OF general lines now -oevot-
Ing their principal attention TO Jobs.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1911-11-19
THE SALT TRIBUNE SUNDAY MORNING. NOVEMBER
SHEEP|ME|V OF UTAH
SEEK PROTECTION
Salt Lake Woolgrowers Go
East to Protest Against
Proposed Tariff.

At a meeting of the directors of the
Western Wyoming Land and Livestock
company, held in the Office of John c.
| Mackay, chairman of the board OF
county commissioners Saturday after.
noon, it was decided TO send Mr. Mac.
kay, who is the president of the COM
pany. to Washington, ID. c.. to pro.
tect the interests of the western sheep.
men in the proposed reduction of the
tariff on wool
Mr.. Mackay will leave today togcth-
er with r. II. Callistcr, who goes as
the representative Of The Utah Wool
growers association, Mr.. Mackay and
Mr., Callistcr will meet with President
F. r. GoodIug of the National Wool
growers association and Senator Reed
Smoot and others in an effort to pre-
vent and protest against tho reduction
in the tariff on wool as is proposed in
what is known as schedule IS of the
new tariff bill
With the reduction of the tariff on
wool, il would mean that foreigners
would bc put on an equal basis of COM
petition with the woolgrowers of this
country, and as most of the wool comes
from the west. il is felt by the or
ganizatIons interested that tho west
should be properly represented before
the measure is disposed Of.
Speaking of the matter Yesterday,
Mr.. Mackay said that he hoped that
there would be no reduction III the tar
if As he saw in A reduction a great
hardship upon the woolgrowers Of this
country and especially upon the west.
Both for the benefit of the woolmen
and also for thc industry III the west.
the sheepmcn are anxious that the tar
iff be not reduced.