davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
TAFT SCORED
BY BOURNE
Oregon Republican Senator's
Sensational Attack on the
President
USES PATRONAGE TO
INFLUENCE CONGRESS

BY United Press Leased Special Wire.
WASHINGTON, Feb. 2S.-Declared
by many today to be the greatest SEN
sation of this session Of Congress, all
officialdom read with utmost care the
speech of Senator Bourne, (Republi-
can, Oregon, president Of the Pro
gressiye Republican League, in which
he charged President Taft with using
Federal patronage to influence Con-
gress, and read the law to show that
1T is a crime for any person to offer
or give anything of value TO a mem
ber of either House of Congress with
intent to influence his vote"
In his address in the Senate last
night, Bourne also gave warning that
the Federal power was being used to
control a national convention and
pointed out how Taft, with the aid
of Postmaster Hitchcock, as
national committeeman might almost
compel his denomination.
After reading the famous Beverly
letter written by Charles d. Norton,
secretary to the President, i'm which
Norton said Taft had decided not
thereafter to withhold patronage to
Congressman opposing the PresideIr-
tial program, openly intimating that
he had done so deliberately in the
past. Bourne said:
All Equal Before the Law.
Our Government was founded upon
the proposition that all men are equal
before the law, civil or criminal. I
would have as much respect for a
common ward healer who buys votes
at the polls as for a President of the
United States who uses his appoint
ing power as a means of forcing or
persuading members of Congress to
determine or change their course Of
action.
"One transaction is as dishonest, as
corrupt and as depraving as the other,
but the latter is more dangerous,
more insidiOus, more pornicious than
the former because it strikes at the
very foundation of free institutions,
sets a precedent for corrupt methods
in all official life and marks the be-
gining of a dictatorship and decad-
ence of the nation"
Bourne said that the Oregon plan of
electng delegates to national con-
yontions by popular vote and paying
their expenses not to exceed $500 each
II adopted nationally, would end the
power Of the Federal machine ana
prevent a President from naming his
successor or forcing his own renomi-
nation.
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
FIND CHILDREN
AMID SQUALOR
City Judge heavily Fines
Father Accused Of Neglect
ing Little Ones
RAGS As CLOTHING
FOR THE CHILDREN

Neglect toward his two little chill
dreu cost Charles r. Maguirk. a barber
just $50 and costs IN City Court this
morning on a charge made against him
by Agent Stout. of the S. p. c. c.
Mr. Stout yesterday received cOm-
plant against Maguirk. who lives at
Third and Tatnall streets, Immediately
investigating. Upon entering the place
Mr. Stout said he was greeted with a
sickening scene. Two little girls Mil
dred Maguirk, aged seven years, and
Gladys Lawrence Maguirk. five years
old. were in the room clothed i'm rags
which were held i'm place by strings
and pins. Rags served as carpet ana
lOunging about the room i'm an intoXi-
Gated condition were Maguirk and
three other men. The men were Frank
Maguirk, father of the defendant; ..
j. O'Brien and Austin Pierce. They
were placed under arrest by Agent
Stout on a charge of disOrderly coal
duct and this morning fined $50 and
costs each by Judge Cochran.
Agent Stout learned that during a
drunken brawl on Saturday night in
the Maguirk barber shop the younger
Magulrk had cut his arm so badly
when he punched it through a window
that he had to be removed to a hos
pital for treatment
The little girls will be given a homo
where the can enjoy the advantages of
school and cleanliness. Mr.. Stout told
the court that Mrs. Maguirk had left
the home sometime ago saying that
she could not stand the conditions
longer. The children have been with
out proper care since.
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
HEARSE
COACH THE LATEST

The latest thing in automobiles is a
complete hearse and funeral coach.
Such a machine is now being con-
structed by Fulton and Walker, OF
Philadelphia, for the Lawncroft Gene
terry Company of this city. This firm
is building the body, which is Of
Limousine type, and the Packard Auto
mobile Company will furnish the re-
mainder of the car. The engine will
be seventy-tive horse power, and will
cost the cemetery company $500.
The car will be 16 feet. s inches
long, s feet wide, and 6 feet 4 inches
high. In front will be the hearse
and apartment for the pallbearers,
and in the rear the coach for the
mourners, seating twenty or more
people.
The car will be operated from this
city, Chester and other places around
the surrounding country.
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
GEN. DUPONT
NOT INTERESTED
National Highways Club Will
Not Consult With Him
on Road Plan

H. Douglas Layman, president Of The
National Highways Club, with offices
at No. 115 Broadway, New York city.
the concern which is contemplating
the construction of a section Of ma
tional highway from New York city to
Washington, d. c., has denied that tho
company which he heads has made any
move to interest General T. Coleman
DUPONT of this city, i'm the project, CT
that the club intend so doing.
That the road between Chicago and
Milwaukee has been completed is also
erroneous, according TO President Lay
man. who says that the preliminary
work is about completed and that the
company is negotiating with some Of
the country's leading contractors for
the construction Of the road.
That the company that will build
the New York-Washington road viii
be incorporated in this State seems
assured and all matters are being
pushed by the company to that end.
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
TROLLEY SCHEDULE
FAILS TO PLEASE

Residents Of Delaware City are
sreatIy dissatihed with tho trolley
schedule given them by the Whining
ton and Southern Railway Co. Al
though the company is allowed the
use of the tracks free Of charge, there
are only two cars day each way,
which is the old freight schedule.
This company has purchased the road
from Wilmington to New Castle. The
lower part Of the line, from New Cas-
tle TO Delaware City, was bought in
by the bondholders. Satisfactory dr-
rangements We're not made for the
sale of the lower line to the Whining
ton and Southern Railway. but as a
matter of accommodation, they were
given the free use OF the tracks from
New Castle 10 Delaware City. Under
these circumstances tho Delaware
City people feel that they should he
given q more liberal schedule than
two cars a day each way.
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
WOLVES EAT
WEDDING PARTY
Russians Sacrifice Women an
Children to the RaVenOuS
Beasts
llS WERE DEVOURED
BY PURSUING BEASTS

BY United Press Leased Special Wire.
VIENNA. Feb. 2S-One hundred and
eighteen members of wedding party
of 1870. including the bride and bride
groom, were devoured by wolves while
travelling by sledges from Obstlpoff to
rashkend, in Asiatic Russia "A
distance Of twenty miles.
Today's zeitun. newspaper, de-
clared that the two survivors reached
Tashkend i'm half-crazed condition,
after having at the last stages of the
journey thrown the bride and BRIDE
groom 20 the rayenous pack of wolves.
These four occupied the same sledge.
The survivors demanded that the hus-
band abandon his wife, to tighten the
sledge, but he refused. In their rage,
the survivors threw both the husband
and his wife from the sledge. thus
appeasing the hunger of the wolves
until the sledge reached the edge Of
Tashknd.
The women and children Of the
party were the first to be thrown 10
the wolves, according to these sur
vivors. They say the party started
from Obstipoff in thirty twO-horse
sledges, and few miles out hundreds
of hungry wolves attacked them. TIE
men shot many Of the maddened AMI
mails, but could not check their pur-
suit. Then IL was that the men iu the
party began sacrificing the womon
and children.
The wolves were so numerous ana
ravenous that even when a horse was
pulled down it checked the pack for
only few seconds.
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
WHITE GIRL
WEDSCHINAMAN
Bride Said to be Whining
tOnian; MrS.Bennett Knows
Nothing Of Wedding
PRETTY BRIDE GETS RING
FROM LAUNDRY HUSBAND

TRENTON. N. ]. Feb 2s-
There was great excitement
among the ofIiccholders i'm the
new City Hall yesterday when IL
was noised about the various depart
ments that a Trenton Chinaman and
an out-of-town white girl had entered
the Office of the Board of Health and
applied for a marriage license. In =
few minutes the Board OF Health Office
was filled with a crowd OF oficehold-
ers. who witnessed Registrar Holmes
issue his first marriage license 10 "a
Celestial and a white woman
The happy bridegroom was Chung
Hun, who conducts a laundry at No
800 East State street, opposite the
new City Hall. while the blushing
bride was Miss Annie Bennett. OF No.
BIS East Fifth street. Wilmington,
Del.
Chung Hun. who was aitired in
American clothes of the latest cut. rs
several inches shorter than his white
bride and he looked up smilingly into
her face while Registrar Holmes WA
tlling out the marriage license Miss
Bennett who Is a pretty girl of the
brunette type. WAS attired IN
handsome fur coat and had several
sparkling rings ON her fingers In
answer 10 questions put by Mr..
Holmes. Miss Bennett said she was II
years old and had been acquainted
with Chung Hun for the past three
years.
The yellow-sknned bridegroom said
In very good English that he was
born in Canton. China, % years ago
and that his mothers maiden name
was Wee Long. all OF which informa-
lion Registrar Holmes accepted With
out contradiction. The bridegroom
signed the license in very good
hand. The ceremony was Witnessed
by Leon Sing Wing. who Is associated
with the bridegroom in the laundry
business.
Following the issuing of the mar
riagc license. the Chinaman and his
! prospective American bride repaired
TO the residence of the Rev. Charles
". Elder for the purpose Of having
the marriage ceremony performed
MIR. Elder WAS not at home but the
Rev Ross Slack was summoned ant
ne tied the nup-S,l knot The bride
groom gave his bride a gold rintldur
ing tho ceremony
After the wedding the couple L \,
q reception at the laundry on Easi
state street and then departed for p
short honeymoon trip They will re-
side on East Front street
Ihe Chinaman met Miss ncnuoft
three years ago when they both at
tended the same Sunday school in
! Wilmington
Although Mrs. Emma Bennett. who
! lives at No SIS East Fifth street.
denied this morning that the girl was
her daughter. she admitted that sho
had "A daughter Annie. who is 2t
years old, aud who answers the de-
scription of the girl who married tha
Chinaman. However. Mrs. Bennett
said that her daughter had married
/ George Warst in Philadelphia. when
but II years old with whom she still
lives. II was only recently Mrs. BEN
nett said, that her daughter paid her
a visit here, bringing her child with
1 her- She could not believe that her
daughter had married Hun.
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
ARREST YOUTHS
ON CHARGE
Council Clerk Unable to Appear
So Case Goes Over for
Three Weeks

The first arrests made in the case
Of the assault upon George II. Nc
Govern, clerk of the City Council,
which occurred last Friday evening,
were made yesterday and the defend
ents arraigned in City Court this
morning. They are William Wood
mansy, Paul Witsil and Charles y.
Ryan, all three charged with assault
and battery upon Mr. McGovern.
Owing to the fact that Mr.. Meow
ern is unable TO leave his home be-
cause Of broken bone which he suf-
fered at the time of the. assault, the
cases were continued for three weeks.
il being. thought that Mr.. McGovern's
injuries will be sufficiently healed to
permit his appearance in court at that
time.
The young men We're held in $500
each.
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
DR.. WOLFE HAS
TWO OMORE MARRIAGES

The Rev. George l.. Wolfe today
announced two marriages that were
performed by him on Saturday. The
couples were Samuel b. Fleish. OF
CLIFTON Heights and Miss Anna NJ.
barger. of Philadelphia, and Walter
%. heiser and Miss Mary n. Cloud.
both of this city. The first couple
We're attended by Herman Morehead.
aud the Wilmington couple by Ernest
II. Cloud
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
CHILD HALTS
FIRE PROGRESS

Fire in the home Of Mrs. Anna Nc
Grath at No. 912 West Second street
yesterday, would have caused serious
damage If it had not been for the
presence of mind of her fifteen-yoar-
old daughter. The child discOs cred
the blaze among some clothes I'm a
closet and quickly closing the door
SO that the flames would not spread
she got two buckets Of water and
OPENING the door exunguished the
blaze, The loss Will reach about S25.
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
NEWARKERS SEE
THE MOTORETTE

Special to THE EVENING JOURNAL
NEWARK, Feb. 2S.-The Motorette.
the smallest motor driven car to at
tempt a transcontinental tour, has
reached Newark from Hartford en-
route for San Francisco. Ward Shar-
wood is in charge of the car and is
accompanied by Otto Krause. Pre-
vious TO the start of this tour, Mr..
Krause had never ridden in a motor
car over five miles, and had never
driven one.
The Motorette is a development of
the motorcycle
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
FALLING LOG MAY
KILL LAUREL MAN

Special TO THE EVENING JOURNAL.
LAUREL, Del. Feb. 2S.-William
b. Gordy, local business man, was
probably fatally injured while super
intending the loading Of piling at the
station. The hoisting apparatus used
in hoisting the big logs on the car
broke precipitating a log upon him.
the heavy timber rolling entirely over
his body Mr.. Gordy was taken home
I'm an unconscious condition.
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
YEGGs eET $4,000
Leased Special Wiro-

BY United Press Leased Special Wiro
SOUTH BOSTON Va, Feb 7s Armed posses OF determined
men, belief tho Bank
cio,es hiding tho vicinity Of their crime calling
mind days 81 inhabitants hero
Tho tho posse carrying
rhoa and securing tho country
this Hafa, county "yegga" who
made $4,000 haul and "shot up" little village win be
brought O bay within
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
MARRIED 81
YEARS TODAY

Today is the 67th wedding anni-
versary of Mr. and Mrs Augustus J..
Dennis. of No. 2l5 East Third street,
They are spending the day quietly
but have received post cards and 9TH
er remembrances from friends.
Mr.. and Mrs. Denis have been mar
ried longer than any other Whining
ton couple.
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
OF
U. S. SENATORS
Senate Defeats Resolution for
Direct Vote, Two Thirds
Supporting II
COL. DUPONT FAVORS,
Mr.. RICHARDSON OPPOSES

By United Press Leased Special Wire.
WASHINGTON. Feb. 2S.-The reso-
luton for election OF Senators by the
people was defeated in the Senate
today.
Tho vote stood "a in favor 10 80
/ against the proposition, two-thirdB
having been required for passage.
Four more Affirmative votes would
have passed the resolution. Those
voting in the affirmative were:
Bailey, Texas; Beverldge. Indiana;
Borah, Idaho; Bourne. Oregon;
Bradley, Kentucky; Briggs, New Jer-
sey; Bristow. Kansas; Brown, Ne
braska; Burkett, Nebraska; Burton,
Ohio; Carter. Montana; Chamber
lain, Oregon; Clapp, Minnesota;
Clark, Wyoming; Clarke. Arkansas;
Culberson, Texas; Cullom, Illinois;
Cummins, Iowa; Curtis, Kansas; Da-
Wis, Arkansas; Dixson, Montana; du-
POnt, Delaware; Frye, Maine; Gam
Bile. South Dakota: Gore; Oklahoma
Gronna. North Dakota: Guggenheim,
Colorado. Jones, Washington; La
Toilette, Wisconsin; McCumber,
North Dakota: Martin, Virginia; Nell
son, Minnesota; Newlands, Nevada;
Nixon. Nevada; Overman, North Caro-
lima; Owen. Oklahoma; Payntcr, Ken
tucky; Perkins, California; Piles,
Washington; Rayner, Maryland:
Shively. Indiana; Simmons, North
Carolina: Smith, Maryland: Smith,
Aiichigan Smith, South Carolina;
Stephenson, Wisconsin; Stone. Mis-
souri,; Sutherland Utah; Swanson,
Virginia; Taylor, Tennessee; Thorn
ton, louisiana; Warner. Missouri,
Watson. West Virginia; Young,
Iowa.
Those voting i'm the negative were:
Bacon. Georgia; Bankhead. Ala
bama; Brandegee, Connecticut Bulk
eley. Connecticut; Burnham, New
Hampshire; Burrows, Michigan;
Crane. Massachusetts,; Depew, New
York; Dick, Ohio; Dillingham;, YER
mont; Fletcher, Florida; Flint. Cali
fornia; Foster. Louisiana; Gallinger,
New Hampshire; Hale. Maine; Hey
burn, Idaho; Johnston. Alabama;
Kean, New Jersey; Lodge, Massa-
chusetts; Lorimer, Illinois; Money,
Mississippi; Oliver, Pennsylvania;
Page, Vermont; Penrose, Pennsyl-
vania; Percy. Mississippi; Richard
son. Delaware; Root, New York:
Scott, West Virginia; Smoot, Utah;
Taliaferro, Florida; Tillman, South
Carolina; Warren. Wyoming; Wet
more, Rhode Island.
The resolution as submitted con-
tanned the Sutherland amendment,
which is most Objectionable to most
Of the Southerners. Bacon, Demo-
crat. Georgia, and many Of his col
leagues declared war on the resolu-
tion as soon as the Sutherland amend
ment was adopted last week.
The amendment was designed TO
give Congress direct control aud
supervision of the elections. Bacon
today tried to introduce a resolution
giving Congress the power TO super
wise elections, when the States failed
to do sO.'
Vice-P President Sherman ruled
Pacon out of order.
Arising to a question of personal
privilege, Senator Crawford, Republi-
can, South Dakota, who spoke all
night during the Lorimer filibuster.
explained that failure TO catch a car
prevented him from reaching the Sem
ate until two minutes after the vote
had been taken on the constitutional
resolution. He announced that he
would have voted for the resolution.
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
MISSIONARY SOCIETY MEETING.
AII-day Session TO be Held in Harri-
son Street Church on Thursday.

Echoes of the Philadelphia Jubilee
meetings will be an interesting fea-
ture of the quarterly meeting of the
Wilmington District Women's Foreign
Missionary Society. to be held all day
Thursday i'm Harrison Street NJ. r..
Church The business meeting will
be held in the morning, beginning at
10 o'clock. with Mrs. Eli Mendinhall,
district PRECEDENT, presiding. Re
ports from district and conference Of
icers will be read. and a letter from
Miss Matilda Spencer. of Japan, the
Conferences missionary.
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
Removal OF Hay From Farms

DOVER, Feb 2S.-The House today
passed Representative Wright's bill
prohibiting tenants on removing from
farms to take with them more hay
than they brought to the farm unless
there is another agreement.
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
Charre Rnr Nlth Lnrcent.

Theodore Jagadzinski, an eighteen
year-old boy. was arraigned IN City
Court this morning ON charge Of the
larceny of scrap iron AS the case
has bearing on a similar case it was
continued until Friday morning.
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
Orchestra I'm RehearsaI.

Mt. Salem Orchestra will meet at
the home Of Miss Elmira Elliott on
Wednesday evening for rehearsal.
Members Of the orchestra are Miss
Elliott, Margaret Macklem, Professor
G. w. Jones and Samuel Elliott. vio-
Inns, and BARLEY Fisher, Harry Fisher
and Walter Haley. cornets. Profess
sor Jones is the director.
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
SnIoons and SchooI Houses.

Special to THE EVENING JOURNAL.
DOVER, Feb. 2S The House COM
mittee on Education today decided to
report unfavorably the bill introduced
by Representative ellis by request.
prohibiting a saloon within a mile Of
a school house. One committeeman
Il as as "Sneaking
Trick"
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
WoIdin MAY Succeed ShaIIcross.

DOVER, Feb. est is reported
that J. Atwood Weldin, of Brandywine
hundred will probably be appointed to
fill the vacancy on the State Board of
Agriculture caused by the death Of
James n. Shallcross
Evening journal., 1911-02-28

W4sHNGroN Feb. 2s.-wlllam Lorimcr "aittng Soma
tor from Illinois, voted loud and clear against 'bc resolution
tor hc popular election Of Senator'S today Ten embers Of
he Senate aho v retre private o next Saturday joined
In the defeat oftho resolution -Four would
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
WEATHER

BY United Press Leased Special Wire.
WASHINGTON, Feb. 2S.-The indl-
cations are that the weather will be
unsettled tonight and Wednesday in
the Southern and Central States east
of the Mississippi river. with rain or
snow I'm the lower Ohio valley and
Tennessee.
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
FOREST FIRE IN sUSSFX.

Special to THE EVENING JOURNAL
GEORGETOWN, Del, Feb. 2S.-Fire
broke out Sunday in the wood of T.
L. Layton and others two miles from
this town, and burned over large
tract of timber, causing a IaRge loss.
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
speclal 10 THE EVENING JoURNAL

~l'~NaeAA w 4 III AHh A4-NAANA JOAANANAAf
DOVER, Del, Feb. 2S-Representa-
tive White, chairman Of the Whining
ton Police Investigating Committee,
today called a meeting of the com
mittee for tomorrow for the purpose
of organizing.
The committee will engage a steno-
grapher aud also probably a sergeant
of-arms to enforce the attendance Of
witnesses if necessary.
Evening journal., 1911-02-28

in SENATE
LOrimer Has Majority and
Opponents Try to Stand
Off Vote
Mr.. CRAWFORD SPEAKS
FOR EIGHT HOURS
Log of FiIibuster.

Purpose. To prevent vote OH .
Lorimer case as Lorimer now has
a majority.
Session began at noon Monday, =
continuing until S.07 a. m, Tues /"
day, or twenty hours and seven .
minutes.
Recess taken until fl a. m, .
Tuesday, when filibuster resumed. o
Under agreement, vote taken "
shortly after noon today. on direct /"
election of Senator's, interrupting .
filibuster .
Crawford, (Rep. S. d. spoke /"
hours Monday afternoon and s .
hours at night
Bristow (Rep. Kansas relieved .
Crawford at 6.20 a. m, and held .
floor until recess.
BY United Press Leased Special Wire.
WASHINGTON, Feb. 2S.-Ghosts Of
Brown and Link, Beckemeyer. Luke
and Holtzlaw, Illinois bribe-takers and
scalawags, according to opponents Of
Senator Lorimer, walked the Senate
stage through all the weary hours
Of last night All the indications today
were that the performance would con-
tinue until the endurance of one Of the
strongest filibustering machines ever
seen in Washington is broken. or the
hour of final adjournment arrives at
noon Saturday.
Enlisted in the fight. designed to
. .aa.
resolution declaring the seat of viii
liam Lorimer, Of Illinois, vacant be-
cause LOrimer is known to have a ma
jority of the Senate in his favor, We're:
Cummins (Rep., Iowa.; BristOw,
rep, Kansas; Crawford. (Rep. S.
D.; La Toilette, rep, Wisconsin, ;
Beveridge, (Rep.. Indianal; Stone
(Dem., MissourD; owen. Dem, Ok
lahOma), and several others.
Out OF the tangled situation a new
figure has ariseu--the tall, stalWart
rough-hewn figure of Senator Coe
Crawford, Of South Dakota, heretofor,
unknown to the Senate and TO Wash
ington as a great, powerful, enduriui
force II WAS the first time on recor,
here when Crawford "let loose"
Crawford spoke with great vigOr fo
two hours yesterday afternoon ain,
then held the floor from 1915 D. m. ts
$40 a. m. Shortly after a. m, Bale,
(Dem. Texas moved to adjourn unit
noon. Crawford protested
II want TO finish my speech" he saiC
We'll. you can talk until noon then,
said Bailey impatiently. .,
Spoke For Eight Hours.
Crawford, by that time. had drifted
into the field Of reciprocity. and he
continued to picture the horrors to
be visited upon the farmers" if the
agreement with Canada should go
into effect Ten minutes later. how
ever, he sank into a chair and Yield
ed the floor to Bristow (Rep., Kansas),
He had spoken continuously for eight
hours and five minutes, with a de-
livery so forceful IL would Quickly
have exhausted the average Senator
CrawfOrd's name stands today en-
shrined with those Of the late Hon
"Bill' Allen, who was a Populisl
from Nebraska. and Senator LaFol.
lette of Wisconsin. who are at the
head of long distance orators. Allen
used a couple of days TO express his
views about the repeal of the sill
yer purchasing clause OF Sherman
act and LaFollette held the Senate
for eighteen continuous hours, while
he revealed the ins aud outs of the
Aldrich- Vreeland currency law.
Wanted TO Block Vote.
It all come about through the de.
(Continued on Second Page)
Evening journal., 1911-02-28
HlnnOVD GOES 10 Tur CORONATION.

announced at John Hays Hammond represent
tho United states special Ambassador Court
Of ST. coronation OF King George
at the coronation OF King George ". next June.
Evening journal., 1911-02-28

WASHINGTON. Feb. 2S.-Forecast
till D. m. tOmOrrOWs
For DelaWare-Unsettled tonight.
Wednesday probably fair, not much
change in temperature.