davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
oro AND
Are altogether Different in Function,
Although Identical i'm Construction.

electrical News Bulletin.)
II is a very common error to con-
fuse a motor with a dynamo. and but
very few. outside of electrical engi-
neering circles. can explain the diff
ference between these two machines.
"dNnamos' burning out n setting the
street a on fire. or tells of the giant
motors" whirling at tremendous
speed in the powerhouse. and very few
realize that a mistake has been made.
To explain in the simplest language.
a lynamo is a machine driven by me.
chanical energy which converts that
mechanical energy into electricity
another form of energy. A motor Is a
machine that takes the electrical 9
BY generated by h dynamo and con-
verts 1t back again into mechanical
energy. And. curiously enough. the
two machines are almost identical in
their construction. Indeed, some
dynamos can be operated as motors
and some motors as dynamos without
any change whatever.
Going a little into detail. a dynamo,
or a generator. as 1t is now more con.
monty called by electrical men, is a
machine consisting Of what Is called
an armature which is made to revolve
between the poles Of a magnet or
group of magnets. The armature con.
tains a great many loops of wire which
cut the lines of the magnetic force
which flow from one magnet pole to
that of opposite polarity. Although no
theless true that this simple process
causcs "a current Of electricity to flow
through the wire Of the armature,
which may be led out of the latter
through suitable sliding contacts or
brushes and sent out through the con-
Quoting wires of d circuit which MAY
extend many miles. The current is
supposed, Tor convenience. to flow out
over n wire and back over the 9TH
er. keeping up a continuous flow
through the armature and outside cir
cult.
There o have the dynamo. To on.
crate the dynamo. mechanical energy
as that of a steam. engine or water
wheel is required. The moro current
you take out Of the armature the hard
er 1t is to turn.
to a dynamo away Out somewhere on
n line and connect its terminals to
the two wires OF the circuit. the cur
rent which is being generated by the
dynamo flows through the armature
OF this second machine and. 10 and be-
hold, the armature begins to spin.
There you have the motor. which is
nothing more than a dynamo running
backward n using up current i'm
stead of producing it. Put a pulley
on the shaft of the motor and you get
mechanical power again, which is
what you started out with. That is
why motors are SO economical and
convenient where mechanical w Is
required. Great dynamos in a power
station generate current in vast guam
titles. which is sent out over the lines
to be used up in motors Of all types
and sizes, from a thirty-second OF a
horsepower up to 1000 horsepower. as
desired. Now when you want to oper-
ate Il sewing machine by power you
buy a little motor to do it. A few
years ago it would have been ncces-
sary for you to put in a boiler and
steam engine.
A gossip Is n who enjoys being
shocked by others w~ickedness.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27

i9l0) secured practically the same
information except That the basis
was owned homes instead of Owned
farm homcs"-a difference involving.
however, no appreciable .incompara-
bility.
In 1910 the total number of farms
owned In whole or In part by the
operators was 63.212. OF this num-
Der 3o.6hl were reported as free from
mortgage. 31.727 We're reported as
mortgaged and for s34 no report rela-
obtained. The number of mortgaged
farms constituted 500 per cent OF the
total number Of owned farms ex-
elusive of those for which no mort
gage report was obtained. In 1900
such farms constituted 31.4 per cent
and in 1890 1877 per cent. IT may he
noted that the percentages given for
the three are comparable
but that the number of mortgaged
n unfortgaged farms reported in
1880 Is not entirely comparable with
the numbers reported at the later CEN
suses because at the census of 1890
the farms for which no reports were
secured were distributed between the
two classes of mortgaged and unmort-
gagged farms. 1t is evident however,
that the number of mortgagcd farms
decreased slightly from 1890 to 1900.
but increased greatly from 1900 to
1910.
Farm Debt Decreased
The average debt of mortgaged
farms has increased in the last twenty
years from 5000 to $2.493. or 1854
per cent, while the average value of
such farms rose from $2,4S6 to Il.1S5
or 347.9 per. cent. Thus the owners
equity increased from 1854 to $s,642.
or 445.6 per cent. AS a result of the
greater relative increase in farm
value than in farm debt. the mortgage
Indebtedness. which was 36.3 per cent
of the value. the farm in 1890 had
decreased to 1914 per cent of this value
in 1910.
Only Half Are Native
Slightly less than one-half of the
North Dakota farmers are native
whites and about half are foreign born
whites. Only TAB or / per cent of
Indians and % negroes. Among the
native whites 1913 per cent are ten
ants. as compared with 11.4 per cent
among the foreign born whites.
Millions For Labor
Over %three-nfths of all farmers in
the state 45,775) hire labor and .the
total expenditure is s21,740,O0O or an
average of SAYS per farm hiring. OF
the total mount expended, more than
one-fifth is in the form of rem and
board. During the decade 1899 to
500 the total expenditure for labor
increased by $~12.533.OOO or 1861 per
cent. For no census prior to 1910
were reports secured of the value of
rent and board furnished, or tabula-
ton made of the number of farmers
reporting expenditures for labor.
Feed and Fertilizers
OF all farmers. 26.4 per rent re-
port some expenditure for feed, while
only two-tenths of one per cent re-
port the purchase of fertilizer. The to-
tai amount. $4,000, reported as paid
for fertilizer shows a decrease of $3.-
S52. or 27.8 per cent. since 1899. The
expenditure for fertilizer now aver
ager $57.16 per farm reporting; and
for feed. $1O2.07. No tabulation was
made of the number of farmers re-
porting expenditures for fertilizer at
prior censuses.
Doc Cooks returns don't tally with
the s%criptural schedule of the wages
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
BURGLARS USED UMBRELLA.
Never Guess How ClcyCrly
They Get S1O.O10 Worth of
lNcw York Timcs.l

Officials of the burglary insurance
companies are in despair owe eX-
pioitS by feather and fur burglars,
TWO more of which We're added III
election night To the already long list
which the polio" and private d",rc-
lives ar" Investigating without sue
cess so far.
In II of thrs" latest rulNrrics
tho thieves employed All entirely new
drvic" tn prevent noises in Their uprr-
alions which micni had to discovery.
Tho instrument employed was an M
binary umbrella. and the police say
no other umbrella probably ever was
put TO such use.
II Was the fur shop of l:n.rirk L.
f'cycr ut "a East Twenty first street.
ina the burglars utilized this safety
device. Incidentally they escaped
with $4,000 worth of furs. The rob-
berry was discovered when the place
was opened for business the following
morning. There was ii gaping hole
in the ceiling of the first floor. and
in Il corner reposed an open umbrella.
upside down and filled with big pieces
the detectives summoned from head
quarters could determine how the
umbrella had been used.
The second floor of the building is
uliocrupied at present, and the dctec.
tiNts finally pierced together the story
OF the robbery, beginning with the as
sumption THAT the burglars had Sc
GREETED themselves in the vacant lof,
before closing time. In the night they
mao started to cut through the floor.
w men they had removed all the wood
work between We joists. they found
me plaster OF h ceiling below them,
Just beneath their hands. Then. the
detectives decided. the umbrella was
called into play.
y small hole was cut carefully in
the plaster, care being taken that no
large piece mould be dislodged to fall
with Il resounding thud on the floor
below. Then the umbrella was in
serted through this hole. and when IL
had been passed completely through
was opened and drawn up against the
ceiling.
a receptacle for the failing plaster
was thus formed, and into the open
umbrella the thieves could smash the
plaster, safe in the assurance that
none would fall to the floor and sound
the alarm. The plaster-laden umbrel-
la could be lowered to the floor, once
the hole had been made large enough
Tor tE" passage Of Il mans BODY, and
the rest ordinarily would be easy.
In this case. however. Mr.. Enerick
and the detectives directed attention
TO the especial skill of the burglars,
VINO made their entrance into the fur
shop through n ceiling lined with
burglar alarm wires. The evidences
OF their method in Overcoming this
dlilculty lay before the eyes of the
detectives. for Two boards covered a
par or wires. so near together that
even Il h man would have had to
Squirm very gently between them to
avoid contact with them. Yet
,hroush his hole the thieves had
lowered themselves and got away
WIN a quantity Of furs which, Mr..
limerick said. could have been moved
only in q wagon.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
Robinson Funeral Eridav.

The body of Colonel Robinson. who
died in Hammond. La. will arrive
Thursday in Fargo. and the funeral
will take place from the Masonic tenn
pie there. Friday afternoon. conducted
by the Blue lodge of which MIR. Rob
n!son was a prominent member. DR..
Beard will have charge of the scrv-
ices. Interment will be in Riverside
cemetery.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
EVERYBODY Invited

To attend the watch night service,
December 81 AZ the City Mission. llO4
Bulge avenue. The speakers of the
evening will he Rev. Mccoy. Prof.
McCown. e. II. Howard and Prof.
Lehman. Special music. Every night
for two weeks following watch night
service there will be special evangel-
istic services at the mission.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
To Winter In California.

Mr.. and Mrs. J.. NJ. S%turtevant Of
bouievard avenue will spend this win
ter in a warmer climate anu expect to
leave for the west Friday evening. At
Spokane they will visit their daughter.
Mrs. Oscar Edmunds. a bride Of last
June. and they plan to spend some
weeks in that city before going on to
Los Angeles. Cal. where their other
daughter, Mrs. Harry l.. Shil1inglaw,
is now living. They will be away until
warm weather and during their abb
sence Mr.. and Mrs. George Sturtevant
will occupy their home.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
Conner il Home.

City Editor III. Hunter Cooper of
the Grand Forks Herald arrived home
this morning from Casselton. where
he spent Christmas visiting his pa
rents. His sister. Miss Dorothy, who
has been i'll with scarlet fever for
some time. is recovering rapidly and
the quarantine will be lifted in a few
days.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27

Lord Roberts in an interview pub
lished recently in the British press con.
dennis the adverse comment over the
action Of the Italian army in Tripoli.
ut is totally unfair" he said. las we
are a friendly nation. to criticiSe any
military measures the Italian COM
mander in chief may have found it
necessary to put into force"
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
Tho Wants

Have solved the servant problem for
thousands of households. Be sure
your ad. is there. Phones 500 and ask
for the Want AID. Department.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
Watchnisht Services.

Plans have been completed for the
New Years watch services which will
be held at the City Mission neXt sun
day evening. Prof. c. c. McCown,
Rev. F. NJ. Mccoy. G. II. Howard and
Prof. Lehman will be speakers. while
there will be several special musical
numbers. The mission is located at
100 Bulge avenue and all are in
yited.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
After Alleged Fors,r.

Sheriff Joseph Benson left today for
New York city where he will secure
Julius Moe charged with forgery. and
return him to this city. Moe was ar
rested in connection with a forgery
here about December l when he pass
ed a check for $50.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
They Honorcd noyon.

Devils Lake World: a party of
Elks wen to Doyon last Saturday aft
ernoon and presented Charles Doyon.
exalted ruler of the local lodge. with
. handsome leather upholstered rock
ing chair a. a Christmas token. Mr..
Doyon was elated with the gift, and
several oratorical speeches were made
as a result of the presentation and ac-
ceptance. Mr.. Doyon returned with
the party to Devils Lake. and spent
several hours greeting old time
friends.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
PERSO
= X x X K X ;: :: X Z:

Geo. Hanson of Michigan is spend
ing h day in Grand Forks.
b. B. Hansen of Edinburg is spend
ing the DAY here on business.
j. Fl. Reyficld of I.angdon is ii bust
ness visitor in Grand Forks.
i. G. Lord of Park River was here
Tuesday evening.
q. c. McI4arcn of Fargo is in the
city today.
DIR. T. y. kellogg of Tolna was in
the city Tuesday evening on business.
r. N. Rice Of Derrick is here on
business today.
G. W. HaIgen of Tagus is a bust
ness visitor in Grand Forks.
a. J. Mc'adden Of Neche was here
Tuesday evening.
]. II. Hazard was Il Devils Lake
visitor in Grand Forks Tuesday even
ing.
Lynn r. Sarlcs of Hillsboro was in
h city Tuesday evening.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
Soloists for Messiah.

The soloists for the Messiah. to be
put on January 1s by the Grand Forks
Oratorio society. have been engaged.
They will be Miss Jennie Anderson Of
the. Wesley college conservatory Of
music faculty, soprano: Mrs. Frank
O'Meara of st. Paul contralto; j. Aus
tin Williams Of Minneapolis, tenor and
Gustaf Holmquist. the famous basso,
who will he in the city at that time TO
give his recital in the Wesley college
artists recital course, has consented to
remain and take the pass parts.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
= e. Arson. Ch;ronodist.

Corns extracted Without rain. IN
growing nails removed. Bunions
treated. Rooms 5 All 6. Clifford an
mex, Grand Forks. N. D. n. W.
phone 1860.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
Boyle At

Or. James F.. Boyle OF the depart
ment Of economics at the university is
attending the convention of the Amer
lean Economics association M Wash
ington which opened Christmas day.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
Has Gone to Springs.

T. r. Shaw. the we'll known Penn
bina druggist and telephone exchange
manager. has gone To West Baden.
Ind. where he will spend some time
undergoing treatment for rheumatism.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
There's Quality to Burn

In every "Originator" cigar, the
browning achievement of fifty years
OF tobacco selecting, cigar making eX-
p%erience. Ten tents and up in your
~fayorite shape. Mild, satisfying. sweet
as q nut. E. Nj. Schwarz & Co., New
York City, makers.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
Masquerade Ball.

There will be a masquerade Decrm-
Der %. in the X. of p. hall. Good
music and a good time. Prizes will
be given for best ostumes Tickets
80 cents. ladies free.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
In CHARGE of Exchanges.

Gerald Schultheis has returned tn
Pembina after spending several days
in the city the guest of his parents.
He is in charg" of tbs Pcml,ina teIe-
phone exchange and will continue in
that capacity during the remainder of
the winter season.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
Former Residents Here.

Mrs. w. a. Curric of MINNEAPOLIS
and her daughter. Miss Katherine,
former residents of this city. arc holt
day guests al the home of MIR. and
Mrs. j. L. Wineman OH Fourth ave-
nue..
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
IarSn Visitors ucrc

Among the prominen, visitors in
the city today arc Rev. G. \. Marna-
mara. Rev. T.. I'll. Siicknoy and Alder
man Ale Jardin. who arrived here
this morning.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
STOCKHOLDERS MEETING.

The annual meeting OF the stock
holders of the Times-Herald Publish
Ing company will he held at the COM
ranN's office i'll the city of Grand
Forks, y. D.. on Wednesday,. Jan. 10.
1912, at : O'Clock y. III.
Is. l.. Goodman. Secretary.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
Returned Home.

Nap Prescott has returned to his
home in Winnipeg after spending Sow
eral days here the guest of his par
ents, Mr. and Mrs. Louis Prescott.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
BACK Erom C.hri,tn,n, l,.cd

". Dial" Wolff of the Ford Motor
COMPANY. arrived home this morning
from Fargo. where he was the guest
of his brother Christmas.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
snen, christmas in Montana.

Adclph Illstad. manager of the
Lewis Commission company in this
city. has been spending the Christmas
holidays at Glasgow. Mont. with his
parents. He will return within a day
or two.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
THE CITY IN BRIEF
.
United States Weather bureau.
University. n. D.
Wednesday

Wednesday. December -,
reading al Z a. M:
Temperature highest ycster-
day ~
Lowest this morning.... -
wind velocity IL miles an hour.
R~.rnn,eter trcduccd) ... 1921
Wind direction. northwest.
After Z O'Clock Tuesday morning
the temperature dropped to IL
below, while this morning. after
z o'clock, it went TO L. below.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
F,lrll, Loans.

Soc Sullivan Bros. Empire build
ing. Grand Forks: second floor First
National bank building. East Grand
Forks.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
Mill Soil JnSurancr

Ernest Rorke. who returned to the
city last week after Il seven months
absence. will Join his brother Frank of
the New York Life Insurance COM
pany and will engage in that business.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
Fresh Flowers
( johnson Floral Co.

Ice.
Delivered by the load to II part of
the city 800 per load. Grand Forks
Ice company. Phone AT. either
phone,
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
Spcnt Chri,t,naS V.j,h MN

Attorney Geo. \. Rangs will arrive
Thursday from Wa1kcsha. Wis,
where he spent Christmas With Mrs.
Bangs. Who has been There for soy
cral Weeks undergoing medical treat
mcnt. She is very much improved.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
TOO A T TO CLASSIFY.

~ leather hand bag contain.
ing coin purse with small amount Of
money and ladies' gold watch. Lib
eral reward if returned TO 622 Chest
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27

1t must be "a great disappointment
70 "A burglar to blow a safe and not
ma enough in it to pay for the nitro
glycerine.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
State S,,rctnry Here

Every Saturday night. Dancing
from $50 to IL o'clock.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27

Some people earn a fortune easier
IMAM others earn n living. ANYHOW
they get the fortune in less time and
with less cxertion.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
lNnider Corn fur Salr

SIS per load delivered. +. j. Duffy
East Grand Forks. Mimi. phone Tri
State office E-1S7. farm 29-111.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
oorintbian Cbap1cr no. 3. K. \. M.

Stated c~onvocation will he held this
evening at 1880 o'clock. Companions
are hereby requested to lie present.
John ". Ogren, II. P; Chas. Allen.
secretary.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27

y. l.. Miller. state student secretary
of the Y. NJ. G. ~. was an arrival in
Grand Forks Tuesday afternoon.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27

Perhaps somewhere in this wide
world there Is the humble posscssor
or a rejected manuscript who blames
instead of the editor.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27

strange aadye character o @w Oh I'M, Unite State are kelly to find = most interesting reflection al, IN.
NJ @ a n ~ IN " FORK city. 1t was the personal wnhg dk of Aaron Brm md @ 81 %. nome o.
-. At dhs sight It seems only a handsome old fashioned az" tai" Tma 49,.
v" Ma HMw mg Materials and the oa a chair in which to sit we 1n~u Due "S@ tokI
.M- ime little reason to oa that Burr vh on this low ancient dk I% ~M s n,un ..-u
ohme to b0e dictator Of MGka ""@" "~ AE OF hamilton and Ids il hd|
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
Roller Skating
,Jack'S Dance

Every evening from S to $3.50 al
Jacks roller rink.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27
Sleigh bells. fur robes and blankets
Grand Forks Harness Co.

Messenger Service.
For reliable messenger service call
1891 either phone.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27

Doc Cooks returns don't tally with
the s%criptural schedule Of the wages
of sin.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-12-27

d91o) secured practically the same
information except that the basis
WAS owned homes instead of owned
farm homcs"-a difference involving,
however, no appreciable .incompara-
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1911-03-23
DIRECTORY
OF the Schools of the State Is
sued by Superintendent
Shawkey.


The annual educational directory
OF the state has Just been issued by
State superintendent shawkey and
contains much interesting informs
ton. A summary OF the statistics
shows that the average monthly sala-
ries Of teachers of the state have in
creased in the last year from 1882
to $69.6S. The total amount paid 70.
salaries of superintendents and prin-
cipals the last year was s1O1,52O, as
compared with SIS, 6G1 The vear be-
fore. The average monthly salary OF
superintendents and principals was
-12O.s6 as against $ll6.9O the preced-
ing year.
The number of school houses in
the state in 1910 was 6,6T4; in 1909
6,615. The number of high schools in
creased from IS to 81. The number
of schools with Libraries increased
from 2,ssS to 3,4O7. The number OF
white male teachers in 1909 was g.
9OS; in 1910. 1920; the number of fe-
male white teachers in 1909 was A.
27S; in 1910, 1897; colored male
teachers 1909, l22; 1910, 1874; female
colored 1909, 1871; 1910, 231.
The average length of the school
term decreased slightly being 1855
days in 1909 and 1874 days in 1910.
The enumeration of school youth in
creased almost seven ehousand, being
S62,Sl1 in 1909 and S6s,O5s the last
year. The school enrolment in
creased from 275,S5S to 276,S5s. In
the average daily attendance there
was some decrease the figures being
1854 for 1909 and $4,000 for 1910.
The cost of education per capita,
based on enrolment increased from
$14.4S in 1909 to 1857 in 1910. The
total disbursements of the teachers
fund for the year were $S,O2s, 641. %;
building fund, $1,51S,970.44: for com
mon schools, $4,9S6,7O1.67. The value
of school property is given as s9,sS1,.
$40, and state educational institu-
lions as $36OO,0O0.