davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-01-03
HOW MEN FLy,--AN
EXPLANATION OF THE NEW SCIENCE

zone might as well be out of the
world as out of fashion, is a good
old proverb, which applies just as
well to matters of knowledge as TO
matters of dress, anG today the per-
son who has not a general idea of
how men fly is as much out of fash
ion as one who does not know how
motors or locomotives go, or as one
would have been a hundred years ago
who did not know something about
horses. This is the age of machinery
and the very latest product of it IS
the flying machine.
Let us, therefore, consider why
trolled when they are flying. First OF
all, it is necessary to realize that ev-
er since the world began we humans
and the other animals have been run
ming about at the bottom of a great
ocean of fluid which we call air just
as Holsters and crabs run about the
er to raise themselves up into it, al
though it has always been mans am
bition to initiate the birds, just as
she'll fish might, if he knew enough
have the ambition to initiate the
swimming fishes.
From always living in this fluid
called "air," we have got accustomed
to the idea that it has no body sc
to speak; and, because we are full oi
it inside and surrounded by it out
side, we did not until comparatively
recently, realize that it has any
weight, but it was then discovered
that it is so heavy that, when all this
air is exhausted froEi the inside of q
vessel, the weight of air all around
it has a pressure of Is pounds on ev.
cry square inch of it's surface. Wher
once that fact is realized, one begins
to see that "air" rs really a very
strong substance and that a flying
machine has something very substan-
tial to work in and against.
Now, to take few instances OF the
strength of wind. everyone knows
that if strong WIND is blowing, il
will turn an umbrella inside out, ant
that If one comes round a corner from
the sheltered side of wall on very
windy day, even when walking slow
lily, one is often compelled to stan(
still by the force of the wind, till We
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-01-03

exert extra strength TO walk against
it. That shows the force the wind
has when it is moving rast enough.
Why An Aeroplane Rises.
The next thing TO realize is that
whether an umbrella is standing still
and the wind blowing IT, or the wind
is standing still and the umbrella pull
led through it, the effect is the same.
If a wind blowing at 8 miles an hour
will blow an umbrella inside out, the
same umbrella would be blown inside
car travelling at 30 miles an hour on
calm day.
From this fact one comes to the
invention of the parachute, a kind CT
umbrella arrangement with which da-
ring acrobats jump from balloons, and
come down quite slowly to the earth
Their weight pulls them down, and
their progress through the air causes
so much pressure under the para
chute that they come down slowly
The bigger the parachute the slower
it travels, because there is more sur
face for the weight to drag through
the air
After the parachute comes the kite
The kite, with which every school.
boy is familiar, with this difference
that the power is applied by string
which is held still while the wint
blows the kite upwards. But the
starting of kite is really just like
starting a real aeropIane, for to be-
gin with the kite is held in the all
and the kite1ier runs along e
J give it a lift" exactly as an aero
plane runs along the ground till il
gets up enough speed to make suf-
ficient pressure underneath it's wings
to lift it off the ground
The Use Of the Propeller.
I think this will make fairly plaiI
what causes a machine to lift into the
air. but we must now see how it IL
j. forced along to make it go fa3
enough to lift. This is done by {
J screw propeller, like that used OF
! boats, only made rather a differen
shape. owing to the peculiarities o
air as compared with water Man!
OF my readers know now a marine
propeller works, but some do not, 81
! / will ask them to take it on trus
! that it does work. Just as one screw!
gimlet into wood, so a propeller
owing to the shape or its blades, cuts
! it's way into the water or air ant
pushes itself forward.
How Men Direct Their Machines.
Let us suppose that machine Is
in the air. and that it is so designed
that it is really able to fly. You have
! already seen, from the instance o
cutting the air with fan, that sur.
f, face forced through the air al
ways tries to follow the direc
ton of it's cutting edge, which is gen
orally called the entering" or lead
ing" edge. Now the main planes, o
wings, of an aeroplane are tilted up
wards, and this tilt gives them ten
dency tn rise and drag the Who'll
machine with them. At certai
angle of tilt which is found by ex
perience, or by calculation, and whic
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-01-03

IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE
First Circuit Territory of Hawaii.
At Chamberlain Probate. No
1888.
In The Matter OF The Estate of Maria
Do Espirito Santo Nunes, De-
ceased.
On reading and filing the petition
of Henry A. Nunes, son of the de-
ceased, of Waialua, Oahu, Territory of
Hawaii alleging that Maria do Esprit
to Santo Nunes of Waialua, Oahu,
died intestate at Waialua, Oahu, on
the 9th day of December, A. d. 1910,
leaving property within the jurisdic-
ton Of this Court necessary to be ad-
ministered upon, and praying that
Letters of Administration issue to
J. d. Marques,
1T is ORDERED, that MONDAY,
the 23rd day of JANUARY, A. d. 1911,
at 10 o'clock A. NJ, be and hereby is
appointed for hearing said petition in
the court room of this Court in the
Judiciary Building in the City and
County of Honolulu, at which time
and place al persons concerned may
appear and show cause, If any they
have why said petition should not be
granted
Dated, Honolulu, December 20, 1910
BY order of the Court:
]. A. THOMPSON,
Clerk Circuit Court First Circuit.
4ts,-Dec. 20, q, Jan. 3, 10.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-01-03

Ms. J A. Hyde, George 1ggle. Miss
Dcnyer, Dr. II. l.. Dickcy, j O Lut-
'el Mr. spd Mrs. @. Huwaid, Mr..
and Mrs. o. ID. Bailey Miss D"nn.
Mrs Mathews, Miss Martollo, u Nc
Kim. G.. Hitner, G. Murphy, J. Nor
ton, A. Elton, w. T.. Burnham, Mr..
and Mrs c, -. Monaghan, +. Monag
han, Miss Clair Cunningham, Ed.
Moncrief, S. l.. Bushby Mr.. and
Mrs. Henwise, Miss A. G. Russell
j. Chalmers. Morton G Munks, Mrsl
e. Linco, e. Linco and twelve Rus
slams.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-01-03

varies according to the speed and
weight and design OF the machine.
any given aeroplane will be IN such
position that the planes lit II up,
and it's own weight drags II down TO
the same amount. and then the ma
chine win fly level with the ground.
To make II go higher either the
speed must be increased so that IT
viii have a stronger wind against e
under the flames, or the angle OF tilt
OF ihe planes must be altered The
latter is the more common method.
and the angle is altered by means Of
an extra plane, called an elevator
The elevator may be either in front
or behind the main planes, and is
fixed so as to move on an axle placed
horizontally. When placed in front
and tilted upwards it tries to follow
It's leading edge, and being placed, as
it is, at the end of a long stick or
spar, it has so mucn leverage that It
gives the extra tilt to raise the whole
machine.
When the elevator is placed at the
rear, like a birds tail, it operates the
opposite way That is to say, when
the !cading edge OF the elevator IS
pulled down, it forces the tail down,
which leaves the front edge more
tilted up, and the machine then ris-
es When the rear elevator is tilted
III. it raises the tail and decreases
the tilt of the main planes, so maxi
ing the machine dive to earth. These
elevators are generally controlled by
wires which are worked by lever, so
arranged that pushing it forwards
tits the planes forwards, and pulling
it back tits the planes up.
To steer horizontally a rudder is
used which works exactly like the
: rudder of a boat, and is operated
through wires either by a wheel like
that of motor car or by pedals
which can be pushed forward to pull
the rudder to one side or the other
1t is, of course, most important to
keep the machine from rolling from
side to side, for if it rolled too far it
4 would capsize like a boat, and slide
down to earth sideways. For the pre-
! vention of this, one of the methods Is
to lift up the side which is falling toe
low, and to depress the side which
;, is getting too high. The more com
mon is the use of little flaps called
ailerons. These flaps are really like
| little elevators, and, when one wing
drops. the driver pulls the back OF
the aileron down on that side, SC
that. it has tendency to lift upwards
at the same time the pull on the con-
troll wire of the aileron on the other
side which is too high is released
SO that it is able to tip up at the bach
with the psessing of the wind, and SC
give less lift to that side.
The other method of keeping an
even keel is to warp" the wings Gas
1t is called. The main planes are
themselves made flexible at the back
and when one wing drops, the back
of the wing drops, the back of the
wing on that side is pulled down, SO
giving the whole wing a greater till
upwards and consequently greater
lift. At the same time the wire hold
I ing the back of the other wing is
Stacked off and the rear Of the wing
is allowed to rise and SO give less
lift.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-01-03
FOR VANCOUVER

The Canadian-Australian steamer
Makura will leave at six o'clock this
evening for Vancouver with the fol-
lowing additional passengers on
board ;-Theo. M. Davies, Mr.. and
Mrs Samartin, Mr.. and Mrs. butcher.
M and Mrs. McDougall, Mr.. and
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-01-03

Editor Sheba in his anonton American citizens to observe
the amenities might explain why his here evnce lack OF
respect for the hosptabe g under which they nave equal
n6econ of the laws II does promote the best of feeling
part citizens the Japanese flag raised above tne e
day way the young japanese idea that one day may nave
franchise being taught how to shoot
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-01-03
IN THE CIRCUIT COURT, FIRST

IN lf1E OltCOll COOhI, f1OO1
Circuit-Territory of Hawaii-In
Probate-At Chambers, No., 4161.
In the matter of the Estate of Kishi-
motto Toshisuke Ct. Kishimoto), de-
ceased.
On reading and filing the petition
and accounts of l.. j. Warren, Admin
istrator of the estate of Kishimoto
Toshisuke, deceased wherein petit
toner asks to be allowed $241.44 and
charged with $977.62, and asks that
the same be examined and approved,
and that a final order be made of dis
tribution of the remaining property to
the persons thereto entitled and dis
charging petitioner and sureties from
all further responsibility herein:
1t is ordered, that MONDAY, the
23rd day of JANUARY, A. ID. 1911, at
TEN o'clock A. NJ, before the Judge
presiding at Chambers of said Court
at his Court Room in the judiciary
Building, in Honolulu, County of
Honolulu, be and the same hereby is
! appointed the time and place for
hearing said petition and accounts,
and that all persons interested may
then and there appear and show
cause, if any they have, why the same
should not be granted, and may pre-
sent evidence as to who are entitled
to the said property.
Dated the 18th day of December
1910.
BY the Court:
V. NJ. HARRISON,
| (SeaD asst Clerk of the Circuit
Court of the First Circuit.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-01-03

shown having S2SS2 Germany took S35J35 worth gain
Of $2099; the United Kingdom S4225 gain of $4027l Japan
Soo552 gain of $lS3o2 Aus aa and Tasmania $l4o45 gain
OF SO66 and the Philippine Islands S2344 gain of S2l 4O Ca
chiefly po the increase the S4569 worth of Hawaiian
took repre- ntug spite OF direct communication de-
cline of Sl4,603
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1911-03-30
Auditor Darst on automobiles.

Automobile owners throughout West
Virginia, not thoroughly familiar with the
laws relating to the running OF automo-
biles, enacted at the recent session OF the
Legislature, are deluging the office OF
State Auditor John S. Darst with inqui-
ries relative to the scope of the law re-
quiring chauffeurS to pay an annual Ii
cense fee of 81 to the State.
"The impression has gone out" said
Auditor Darst, "that the 500 automo-
bile owners IN West Virginia are required
to take out chauffeur'S license, in ad-
dition to the annual license imposed by
law, before they are allowed TO operate
their machines. This impression is er-
roneous. The new act passed at the
last session OF the Legislature, and which
have mailed to the owner OF every Ii
censed automobile in the State, makes
no such provision. This act merely re-
Quires chauffeur-a person who oper-
ateS an automobile as mechanic, employee
or for hire-to register and pay to the
State Auditor, an annual license fee of 81.
This act does not apply to the owners OF
Automobiles, or their families, unless they
are chaufieurs, operating automobiles as
mechanics, employees or for hire. This
act will become effective on May 18th,
and chauffeur'S license will be pro-ra-
ted from that time until July |, the begin
ming of the new license year, so that the
license tax of $40 imposed on each auto
mobile and the chauffeur'S license will
become due on July lSt. The other law
relating to automobiles passed at the re-
cent session OF the Legislature is reclp-
rocal clause permitting licensed automo-
bile owners from other States TO operate
a car in West Virginia, when such other
States allow West Virginia owners OF au-
tomobles to drive cars in their State,
without payment OF the license TAX.
81 might add" concluded the Auditor,
THAT the automobile tags for the next
license year, beginning July 1St, will not
be sent out until about that date. Blank
applications already have been mailed to
owners OF automobiles"
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1911-03-30

A terrible tragedy occurred at the little
village of Oroscio, on the Swiss-Italian
frontier, between Locarno and Lugano.
A pretty girl, aged 20 years, was engaged
to young and welI-to-do Italian named
ConSonni, but suddenly fell Ill, and died
fifteen days later, her body being buried
last Sunday in the village churchyard.
On Thursday the guardian was Mortified
to find the grave and the coffin open, and
the heart OF the girl cut out and missing.
Her fiance, Consonni, was arrested and
accused, and he confessed to the act, sta
ting that the heart OF the girl was his and
nobody would take it from him. Con-
sonni, who has good character, will Ue
tried for sacrilege.
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1911-03-30
YOU TAKE NO RISK.
Our Reputation and Money are Back
of This Offer.

We pay for all the medicine used dur
ing the trial, if our remedy fails to COM
pletely relieve you OF constipation. We
take all the risk. You are not obligated
to us in any way whatever, if you accept
our offer. Could anything be more fair
for you? Is there any reason why you
should hesitate TO put our claims to a
practical test?
The most scientific, common-sense
treatment is Rexall OrderlieS, which are
eaten like candy. They are very pro-
nounced, gentle and pleasant in action,
and particularly agreeable in every way.
They do not cause diarrhoea, nausea,
flatulence, gripping or any inconvenience
whatever. Rexall Orderlies are particu-
larly good for children, aged and delicate
persons.
We urge you TO try Rexall Orderlies at
our risk. Two sizes, l0c and 25c. Re-
member, you can get Rexall Remedies in
this community only at our store-The
Rexall Store. Owens & Miller.
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1911-03-30
w. P. LIcKLIDER, Chairman.
H. H. PENDLETON, Sec'y.

The wife OF Rev. Frank Holland, pastor
of the Methodist Protestant Church, in
Milton, Del, is filling the pulpit while her
husband lies seriously i'll. Her work as
minister has been such success that the
congregation instructed their delegates to
the Maryland conference to secure the
return Of Rev. Mr.. Holland, provided mis-
wife will continue TO fill the pulpit during
the illness OF the preacher. Not only
does Mrs. Holland preach forceful SER
mons, but she announces the hymns,
plays the organ and leads the choir. Fol-
lowing the singing she reads the Scrip
tural lessons. She is the only woman in
the conference that does pastoral work.
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1911-03-30

Julia gave him the signal that the coast
was clear, whereupon he crawed out and
quietly made his way through the Re-
formed graveyard. He almost ran into
tw6Jnion pickets, but he dropped upon
his hands and knees and crawled past
them. Theysaw the dark object passing
along the fence, ahd one inquired OF the
other il if was dog or man. Cation
heard them, and while they were specu-
lating he managed to get out OF their
sight. In a few moments he was beyond
observation, when he arose and made
tracks for home, his lameneSs entirely
gone. He spent the night at his home
east OF town, and next morning made his
way toward Kearneysville and rejoined
his command. The Confederates deci-
ded TO have a little fun of their own this
day, and made sudden and spirited at
tack on the Union forces who still held
the town, running them into Maryland a
bit faster than they themselves had been
chased to Kearneysville the previous day.
By strange coincidence, George Cation
captured the very man who had taken
him prisoner less than twenty-four hours
before. The Union man Swore voluoly
when he learned how he had been trick
ed by his former captive.
During this same fight pathetic Incl
dent occurred. A Confederate soldier
named Potts, riding horseback, saw a
Union soldier running afoot in a desper-
ate endeavor to avoid capture. He call
ed to the fleeing man to stop no less than
three TINES, but as he kept on, he fired
at him. At the first shot the man fell
forward on his face, dead. Potts de-
scended from his horse and turned his
victim over, when he was horrifed to
find that he was looking into the glazing
eyes of his own brother. One brother
had enlisted in the Union army and the
other had gone with the South, and this
was the first time that they had met. Potts
gave an old colored man of the town five
dollars TO give his brother decent burial,
ard then pressed on with his comrades,
cut to the heart that the chances OF war
had made MIN the slayer OF his own
brother1
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1911-03-30
Home Visitation.

AT the suggestion of the International
Sunday School Association, the ministers
of Shepherdstown called a meeting OF inc
,avmen of the various churches, some
four weeks ago, and ABOUT twenty men
gathered and discussed the advisaolilty
of a home visitation. The purpose OF
this movement is that every church and
Sunday school may have an accurate rec
ord of those TO whom they have a nght
70 minister and to invite to the house OF
God.
AS a preparation for system OF con-
tinuous visitation, it has been found that
the best plan is to enlist the co-operatlon
of each local congregation, and by rep
reservations from each church and Sum
day school, visit every home on single
afternoon. This will secure from the
head of every house declaration OF de-
noninational and local church prefer
ence. A card recording such preference
will be handed to the pastors entitled 10
them. Every person will then be placed
under some pastoral care.
The laymen interested organized them
selves into an executive committee 10
stand sponsor for the movement and the
clergymen of the town were appointed
an advisory committee. A district COM
mittee of seven men, representing each
church, laid the town off into seven dis
tricts, each in charge ola district. AVIS
TORS committee was appointed to enIlSt
the visitors for the one afternoon work
All the details for the home visitation
are about completed, and Saturday alter
noon, April Sth, from ? TO 4 O'Clock, is
the time fixed upon.
A general meeting OF all committees
and all persons interested is called for
Monday night, April 3rd, at 100 o'clock
for the completion of final details.
A card will be inserted next week,
containing all questions to be answered.
Read this and give us your hearty coop
Grafton.
w. P. LIcKLIDER, Chairman.
n. n. PENDLETON, Sec'y.
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1911-03-30

had an incessant cough and frequent
attacks Of bilious collie, from which 1t
seemed I could not recover. My bowels
also became affected, causing alarming
attacks Of hemorrhages. tried many
remedies, which gave only temporary
relief or no relief at all l at last tried
Peruna, and in three days was re-
lieved Of the bowel arrangement After
using FIVE bottles was entirely cured.
/ most cheerfully recommend the use OF
Peruna to any one similarly afflicted"
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1911-03-30
NOTICE.

To the Stockholders OF The Virginias
Fu.t Exchange AN annual dividend OF
six per cent on the business OF file first
fiscal year of The Virginias Fruit Ex-
change has been declared by the Board
OF Trustees. Checks will be mailed by
he Treasurer to all holders Of full paid
etficates on April !, 1911
WILLIAM CAMPBELL,
March 30, 1911. Secretary.
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1911-03-30

Charged with fraudulent use of the
mails in inducing S. Riddell, OF McCloud,
W. Va, and other persons to invest in
shares OF the California Diamond Oil
Company, Archie L. Wisner and his
brother, Emmett S. WiSner, OF New
Pork, and John J. Myers, OF San Fran
cisco, were indicted by the Federal grand
jury in New York. The three men op-
Grated as A. L. Wisner & Co., and fol-
lowing raid on their offices on Fifth av-
enue the postal inspectors estimated that
transactions in excess of 100000 had
been carried on by the concern during
the last few years. The WisnerS are
locked up in New York and Myers is un-
der arrest tn San Francisco.
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1911-03-30

The twenty-seventh annual report Of
the national Civil Service Commission
shows that there are now slightly over
$4,000 persons holding jobs under the
government, not counting soldiers or
sailors. About 10000 of these are in the
classified service appointed by competi-
tive examination and protected until
death.
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1911-03-30

1T is not often that any man OF stand
ing has the assurance to publicly advo-
cate the open saloon-the greatest men
ace and harm to the people of the world
today. But Hon. Stuart w. Walkerspoke
against local option last Friday night in
the opera house in Martinsburg on the
same platform with ex-Mayor Rose, the
notorious representative of the Mllwau-
kee brewers, and they also had Adam
Littlepage, recently elected to Congress
from Charleston, w. Va to help out.
One or two respectable men cannot
make such an evil as the whlSkey saloon
respectable, however, and these gentle
men harmed themselves without helping
their cause. incidentally it may be o.
served that the political exigencieS must
have been great to induce Col. Walker
to take such stand.
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1911-03-30

Postmaster General Hitchcock on
Tuesday designated forty-five additional
postoffices as postal savings repositories
in as many States and Territories, mostly
at industrial centers where there are MANY
wage earnerS. Among the offices des-
ignated is WellSburg, w. Va.