The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1911-12-24
Industrial Communities
in the North and South
and TheirDiferences.
A MIXED QUESTION
BRIEF l. Y NOTED
Conditions in the North and in
the West That Must Be Taken
Up in the South, Being Con-
ditions That Now Are Con-
fronting Us, for Which
Remedy Is Needed.


which cx!s, In Virginia and other
Southern States are quite familiar
They are usually located on the OUT
skirts OF the cit% o. town proper AS
rule. they consist OF a group OF we'll
constructed frame cottages, housing,
one or TWO families. and are surround
ed by sufficient ground FOR a garden
hnI &c! keeping Il COW and poultry
In many of these villages the health
OF the wage earncTs and their fam
lies Is safe guarded by strict sanitary
measures, enforced By the Industrial
establishment, in the locality. III 9TH
or Industrial sections, means OF health
ful recr eat!on are provided and prizes
arc offered to employees for the best
KEPT premises and FOR the most sue
cessfui gardens Extensive aud benc-
icial systems OF welfare work arc also
found In operation
The condition OF affairs in the man
ufacturins sections OF the North anc
West Is quite different. The Isolated
coal o! mcialifcrous mining co,nmum!-
u Is practically the same whether
found IN the South or the North. but
IN the towns ana cities IN the North
recent Immigration mas been the cause
OF unfayoratic conditions which are
not found In the southern States
Types OF Immigrant Communities
Immigrant communities In the
North. which have come into existence
because o. the recent Industrial cs-
pans!on and the resultant Influx OF
"ase-cArners tFcm Southern and
Eastern Europe. are OF TWO general
types.
The arst IS a community which. By
q gradual process of social accretion
has affixed Itself 10 the original popu-
!ahon OF an Industrial! town. or city.
which had already been established
before the arrival CT the recent i'm
migrants. Foreign communities OF
ihis character are as numerous as the
older Industrial towns and centres OF
the country. 'rhc textile manufacture
Ing centres OF New England and the
Madd,c states. such as Fuil RIVER
Lowell. ond New Bedford. Mass. Man
chester. y. H.. Providence. r. l., and
PATTERSON. " j., citicA ia which other
Industries arc located. such as paper
manufacturing in liolyokc ana boot and
shoe factories in llaNcrh!ll and Lynn;
Ahrdwarc. cutlery and Jcwclry. located
in New Britain and Msridon. Conn: or
leathc! finishing ana currying as in
Wilmington, bel: clothing manufac-
turing, as in Rochester: collars aud
cuffs in Troy; hosiery and knit goods
~ Cohocs and Utica y. y oil re-
hniHS In Bdyonne. y. j.: or cities en-
Sased In diversified manufacturing, az
fassaic. and Newark. y. all these
have colonies or sections populated 10y
recent immigrants.
The same condition OF AFFAIRS Is
found IN the Iron and steel glass. aud
otncr older manufacturing cities and
towns OF New York. PENNSYLVANIA, and
The Middle West. As representative
types Of this class in connection with
the manufacture OF glass. Tarentum.
Pennsylvania. Morsantown. West vir-
Sinia: Stuebcnvillc ana Rossford, Ohio.
may be mentioned: ana AS typlcal iron
and steel localities. Steelion and
Johnstown. Pennsylvania; Younrs-
town. Ohio. and South Chicago, and
DC kalb. Illinois. Pittsburg. pennsyl-
wanna, or the Pittsburg District. is
practically made up OF Industrial towns
or cities engaged in the manufacture
OF iron and steel, glass, and allied
products, each of which has an i'm
migrant colony or section composed Of
households of wagc-carncrs OF recent
immigration.
As representative of a communitv OF
this class. the developments which
have taken place in Johnstown, Penn
syivania. may be described. The first
iron furnace was established in
Johnstown In 1872. Expansion in the
local iron and steel industries dcvcl-
oped the city and Increased it's popu-
lation. Welsh, Irish, Germans. and
English were exclusively employed in
tho local industries from their es-
Establishment until 1850. During the
past thirty years, however, the labor
forces have teen recruited from South
ern and Eastern Europe. Slovaks,
Poles, Magyars. Croatians, Servians,
North and South Italians Syriaus. and
Bulgarians have in constantly incre;s-
Ing numbers found employment In the
local iron and steel mills AS a re-
suit about SO per cent OF the popu-
lation OF Johnstown at present is Of
foreign birth. and is largely repre-
sentative OF races Of recent arrivals
In this country. The natime Amcri-
cans and Welsh occupy two wards in
the city. In addition. there are three
distinct foreign colonies or sections.
One is made up exclusively of South
italians. another of 5000 Slovaks and
Croatlans. and the third. the most i'm
portant, which has population of
$4,000 in round numbers. contains rep
resentatives of all races of recent i'm
migration.
In Southern Coal Mines.
The second general type of immi-
grant community has developed within
recent years because Of the growth OF
ZONE natural resource, such as coal.
Iron ore, or copper, or by reason of the
extension OF tho principal manufac-
turing industries of the country, These
communities usually cluster around
mines or industrial plants. and their
distinguishing feature Is that, ma
(: jority Of their inhabitants are OF for
eisn birth and recent immigration.
This type of Immigrant community
Is common in the bltumInous and an
thracite coal mining regions OF Penn
sylvania, and in the coal producing
areas OF Virginia. West Virginia. Ala
bama, Ohio. Indiana. Illinois. Kansas,
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