Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-06

stock on long time. A stranger could
never tell the difference between the exile
and the regular settler.
Some of the most prosperous and
wealthy farmers and other residents OF
Siberia came there under sentence OF
local offices and enjoy all the political
rights and privileges that are permitted
to the ordinary settler.
The only restriction is that they are
forbidden to leave their provinces with
out permission of the police and are re-
qufred to report themselves at head
quarters at certain intervals and renew
their passports.
Siberia is settling up rapidly with farm
ers. The government Is sending out nun
dreds Of thousands Of land-hungry people
from the congested districts Of central
and southern Russia. 1t has an enor-
nous area. with climate and soil similar
to those Of Nebraska and the Dakotas
The Russian government has agricul-
tural banks at convenient centers through
out the empire for the purpose OF ad-
vancing money to Industrious and worthy
farmers, to assist them in removing to
of family is given a limited credit to
pay for a house and to purchase tools,
live stock and such other things as are
necessary to start him in business.
The banks take a mortgage on the prop
erty at very low rate OF interest. The
ing series of years.
Large SHERMAN Trade.
The International Harvester Company
has developed a large business among
those people. and has kept between 900
and 5000 selling agents at work canvass
ing the farmers of Russia. Siberia and the
Caucasus. selling machinery and imple-
ments. The policy of the company has
been the same as that followed in the
United States
The canvassers are generally natives
who understand the language and the
customs Of the country. and are acquaint-
ed with the farmers in the territory as
signed to them. They are thus able to
judge of the ability and responsibility OF
their customers. and to recommend the
degree. Of credit that can safely be al
lowed them.
The same methods are being used in
Hungary, Roumania and other countries.
in fact, in every civilized country in the
with the exception of India, China, Japan
and other oriental countries where labor
is cheap, farms are small and there are
no draft animals.
There is a tendency toward an advance
in the price of labor all over the world.
Farm hands. as well as mechanics, are
demanding higher wages in every coun-
try. and this tendency, with the scarcity
of labor. has produced a demand for
cheap agricultural implements. such as
Turkey and other oriental countries
where the farmers have not yet pro-
crossed to the stage Of using steam en-
gines or harvesting machinery.
The development in Turkey has begun,
but it is slow. The demand for and the
supply of labor are the ruling factors in
the problem and determine whether crops
are to be planted and harvested by hand
or by machinery.
The demand for AGRICULTURAL implements
in Hungary Is not as large as one would
expect, for the reason that labor is
abundant for agricultural purposes.
Roumania has been more progressive
and has long suffered from an inadequate
supply of labor. This has created a de-
mand for labor-saving implements and
machinery, so that more mowers. reap
ers and binders are sold there than in
other countries in that part of the world
In proportion to the population.
New Industry Welcomed.
The International Harvester Company
ment to establish a manufacturing plant
in that country. The increasing volume
of trade. the heavy customs duties and
annoying regulations and the great cost
Of transportation from the United States
were the IcdSOHo tHaI dSludlcu luc AioSS-
ment.
upon the proposition with great favor
and received C. H. Mccormick, Harold
F. Mccormick and other representatives
OF the company who went over to tnvesu-
gate the subject with great cordially
and gave them every assistance they re-
quired in carrying out their plan. They
conferred with Mr.. Kokvtsoff, minister OF
finance; Mr.. Krivochein. minister Of ag-
riculture; Mr.. Timiriazeff, ex-minister OF
commerce; Mr. Timascheff. minister of
industry. and other oficiais. who gave
them valuable advice and suggestions.
In selecting a suitable manufacturing
site they visited various localities and ex-
amined several existing plants before de-
Moscow. which was built and formerly
operated by an American syndicate with
American capital for manufacturing air
brakes for railway cars and oil engines
for mechanical purposes.
The establishment at the time 1t was
purchased employed in the neighborhood
of 800 men, almost entirely native Rus
slams, with a few English and American
foremen. This same plant Is still building
air brakes and oil engines in q small way
under the International Harvester COM
pany.
Additional vacant land was purchased
adjacent to the factory, upon which the
company is now building machine shops.
1OrSoS, IOunQTlSS, warehouses anu OlHS1
buildings that are needed for the manu-
facture OF machinery. When the build
ings now under construction are COM
pleted and equipped with machinery the
place will represent an investment OF
S. 100000 will provide employment for
about $500 men and will have an annual
capacity of 1lOO0 engines. 10000 lobo-
greikas. 81. OCO mowers. $4,000 rakes. 28,-
OOO reapers, 10000 binders and other ma
chinery.
The working force has already been in
creased to more than 1.ON. men. among
whom are sixty-three Americans. who are
acting as instructors in training native
mechanics.
Russians Good Mechanics.
"As a rule the Russians are good me-
chanics,'' said one of the International
Harvester men who was in Berlin the
ether day, though not as rapid as Amer
lean workmen. Therefore the production
per man will not be as great as in our
Chicago establishment.
However. not having started the man.