davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
Imported Contract Labor.

PHOENIX, Ariz., March 28.-Tbe gu.
preme court of Arizona has affirmed
the judgment of the lower court, of q
year ago, ining the Grand brothers OF
LosAngeles CAS-, 900 Tor the violation of
the contract labor laws In importing
As men from Mexico for RAILROAD con-
struction work. 1t Ia expected the
case will be carried to the United
States supreme court.
The defense admitted the law had
been violated, but commended 1t was
done by a representative who acted
for the company and without its
knowledge of thus securing the men.
1t was claimed the company instructed
that men be secured only on this side
of the line.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
Stole Two Millions.

PITTsBURG, Pa. March p -
Charles D. Sheldon, alias Charles D.
Washburn, of Montreal, who is want.
ed there on charge of embez zlement,
said to have stolen nearly %, 900. 900
was arrested here today. Sheldon,
who also is known here as G. W.
Ross, admitted he was a fugitive from
Canada. An inform alton charges
him with embezzlement and receiving
money by false pretenses in the sum
of $500. 900,
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
How Tortoise Shell Is Worked.

The soldering Of two pieces Of tor
toise shell together is effected by
means of hot pinchers, which, while
they compress, soften the opposed edge
of each piece and amalgamate them
into one. Even the raspings and pow
der produced by the file, mixed with
small fragments, are put into molds
and subjected to the action of boiling
water and thus made into plates Of the
desired thickness or into various arti-
cles which appear to have been cut out
Of a solid block.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
Political Definitions

We are indebted to q writer in
Success Magazine" for the following
brief definitions:
Under the initiative, a constitution.
al amendment or a legislative measure
may be proposed directly, on petition
signed by eight per cent. OF the voters
Of Oregon.
Under the referendum, any measure
passed by the legislature may be,
and on petition signed by five per
cent. of the voters must be, submitted
to popular vote before it can become
q law.
Under the direct primary system,
the nomination of candidates for pub.
lie office Is made by direct popular
vote; names being placed on the nom.
mating ballot by petition.
Under the recall, any satisfactory
public servant may be voted out OF
office at any time by a special election
called on petition, signed by twenty.
five per cent. of the voters qualified to
vote on the question.
Under proportional representation
which awaits an enabling act) the
legislature ia elected from the state
at large instead of from single dis.
tricts, thus insuring each party a re.
presentation according to its true
numerical strength in the state.
The corrupt.practices act, among
other provisions, limits each candi.
dates election expenses to one fourth
OF his salary. 1t provides that paid
advertising matter in the newspapers
must be designated as such and bear
the name of its author.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
POLITICAL

Six weeks ago, in Washington city,
there was organized the National Pro.
gressive Republican league. Among
the signers of It's declar alton of prin.
ciples were nine United States sena-
tors, the republican governors OF eight
western states, about thirty republican
members OF the national house of rep.
resentatives and many private citizens
distinguished for their standing in the
professional and business worlds.
The purpose of the organization of
this league is not the formation of a
new political party; it is not the ad.
vancement of any mans political for.
tune; it is not the promulg alton of
any economic political policy. The
sole object which the signers of the
declaration seek to attain is q positive
reform in the present day methods OF
manipulating party machinery.
The leading editorial in the March
number of 1.-THE Worlds Work.
clearly sets forth the purpose of this
new movements movement which
promises the complete revolutionizing
of party politics. The Worlds Work
says:
The Progressive Republican league
is Q wheel within q wheel, rather than
IN independent piece of machinery,
but 1t is q wheel that has q motor di.
rectly attached to 1.-THE motor of an
earnest conviction. The four main
purposes that it has are:
l. The popular election OF United
States senators.
2. Direct primary nominations for
all offices, including the direct popular
election of delegates to the nasional
conventions, so that the voters them
may express their preferences
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
500 Reward.

One hundred dollars reward will be paid for
evidence aud conviction of parties driving of
waters of middle fork of Clear Creek, -
injuring, killing or u~nlawfully brand
ing any cattle or horses bearing brand u
on left hip for cattle and left shoulder
for horses. l desire to return all above stock
and will pay a fair reward for information lead
FRED H. SCOTT, warrick, Montana.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
THE SADDEST BLOW

So absorbing we're the incidents
witnessed In the closing scene of con.
gress that the real blow sustained by
the American people has just begun to
be appreciated. It fs now announced
that because of the special session of
congress many of the bright stars Of
the Chautsuqua circuits will be I'M.
able to fill their eng agements. Here
is a matter that apparently vas un-
forseen, says the Kansas City Journal.
1t seemed to have escaped the mind of
President Taft entirely when he Get
the d ate for the extra session early in
April. BY that single act be has
wrought havoc among the lecturers
who had signed up for the summer
season of 1911.
We are Informed that one of the
saddest sacrifices to duty will be
when Champ Clark is denied the priv.
ilege Of going out among the people
as a militant force OF political right.
eousness. There are two impelling
motives urging Clark to go upon the
Chautauqua platform. First and
foremost he signed up for lectures
that would net him %, 900. That is
q snug sum of money to be picked up
for setting his mouth to going. But
also there is his presidential boom.
What is he going to do about that?
1t is an unhappy turn Of affairs for
the next speaker. He had counted
on GUILTY. ating his boom and watering
it with pent-up %eloquences OF q year.
With Folk at large ''eating 'em up"
on the circuit with his reform plati.
tudes it is high time that Clark got in.
to the oriental game. However, it is
not Folk that Clark fears. Governor
Wilson aud Governor Harmon are
live ones, and they are free to roam
the Chautauqua field at will in the
interest of their booms. 1t seems
pretty tough that Champ should be
kept indoors at hard and tiresome
labor while the rivals are out i'm
proving each shining hour. Trying
to manage a contrary and balky team
OF mules in Washington is not the
kind of employment that will boost
q boom.
But Clark is not the only victim.
There is Murdoch and Hobson and
the rest OF the Chautauqua spellbind.
ers who will weep bitter tears at the
distressing condition which prevents
them picking up a few honest dollars
by spreading imaginary war, pesti,
lence and famine among the credu-
lous yeomanry of the land. We trem.
BILE for the future of the republic with
Hobson taken from the watch tower.
Here he had his Japanese war all
ready primed to come off within twenty
months and there would have been
wonderful pickings in a summer of
wild alarms. And Murdoch had his
banners unfurled preparatory to his
exploitation of the gigantic, unpre.
cedented. monumental and bewilder-
ing frauds in weighing the mails by
which the government is robbed OF
$l3, SO o year,
What a blow to popular educa.
ton Is the extra session What
a damming up of %eloquence! What a
shame that all this good Chautauqua
money should go to waste! Hurry up
with the extra session, gentlemen, so
that perhaps in the late summer the
yearning multitudes at Browns cor
uers and Red Corn Station may yet
feast their eyes upon ex allied states
manship at so cents per feast.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
Carries On.

Woggs-So young Saphead and his
father are carrying on the business?
Boggs-Yes. The old man does the
business, while young Saphead does
the carrying on.-Puck.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
Inconsistent,

A man who took his infant daughter
to be baptized told the clergyman to
call her Venus.
"But l refuse to call her Venus"
said the clergyman Indignantly. I'VE
nus is the name Of a pagan goddess"
swell, how about your W girl.
Diana" said the man.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
Her Career.

swell, has your college daughter de-
cided upon her career?"
"Yes; he has blue eyes, brown hair
and works in a hardware store."-
Louisville Courier.Journal.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
Hair Raisino.

Husband-I feel in the mood for
reading something sensational and
startling-something that will fairly
make my hair stand OF end. Wife
Well, here is my last dressmaker's bill.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
Notice To Stockmen.

The annual meeting of the North Montana
Roundup association will be held at Chinook,
Montana. on Tuesday and Wednesday, April q
and %, 1911, commencing. at 1850 p m. A full
sired. DIR. JOHN V. CARROLL, President.
THos. A. CUMMINGS, Secretary.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
Ewes For Sale,

viii n1G lamb t'I Nay yo !. Gs sWs' ilr s%o TO- t good Ss ssesr sIs
we'll wintered. Address
MARTIN WASESHA, Beatrice. Mont,
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
Estray Taken Up.

Taken up, a bay horse about four years old,
branded % on left hip. Has been with my out
fit about IN three years.
E. P. KILROY, Alma, Montana,
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
Stallion For Sale,

A thoroughbred stud colt, old enough fol
service, pedigree furnished. Win sell or ex.
change for good team. Can be seen at ranch
quarter mile south of Kershaw.
G. L. DECK, Fort Benton.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
Sheep For Sale.

For April delivery, about 1900 head of young
ewes, to start Mtt lsmbing May !, heavy shssrers
bucks. Also about 800 head of eve lambs, same
grade as the ewes. Write or call on
DUNCAN & SARGENT, Alma, Mont.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
Estray Taken Up.

Came to my ranch, about five miles southeast
of Fort Benton, a four-year.old bay mare; unl
branded but wire marked. Owner please call
and prove property,
A, ], COLE. Fort BENTON.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
Horses Wanted.

Those who have stock horses for sale are re-
quested to correspond with
W. B. GREGG, Battle Creek,
Sask, Canada.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
Girl Wanted,

ranch to help lady do cooking, etc. Liberal
wages for six or seven months. Address
MRS. j. H. EVERS, Fort Benton.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
Sheep For Sale.

About 4,400 head of good mixed yearlings, De.
laine bred also about LOCO head of ewes three to
five years old. Prices upon application to the
THOS. O'HANLON CO.,
Chinook. Mont.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
For Sale,

A couple of mich cows and some chickens
Address
SOUTHWESTERN LIVE STOCK CO.,
Fort Benton,
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
For Sale.

Twenty five horsepower boiler; post driver
with 49, DOT lift and 6OO-pound hammer; "Wes-
term wheel road grader, new. Above can be
seen at our Teton ranch.
LONG BROTHERS, Great Falls.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
For Sale.
TURKEYS For Sale.

Good 6-hole range, $40. Other good %furnitur
cheap for quick sale. VAN VEEN.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05

Golden bronze turkeys of both sexes for sale,
W 'ne PM MR Ss : j. L. EVERRS S5s.J F q fHarHs
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
Alfalfa Seed.

A limited amount of alfalfa seed for sale, re-
cleaned. ct Harlem, Is cents per pound, Sample
furnished If desired.
II. FARNUM, Harlem, Mont.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-04-05
Interest Paid on Time Deposits

Let us hand you our
18th Annual and thus
assist you to HAND
YOURSELF the best
Vegetables, Grains, Corn
Fruits, Flowers, Etc.
Oscar H. Will & Co.,
Bismarck, N. Oak.
Bryan daily eagle and pilot. [volume] (Bryan, Tex.) 1909-1918, 1911-05-03
WORK ON LOCK AND DAM
NEAR WACO WILL BEGIN
Suitable Rock for the Foundations
Has Been Discovered in the
Neighborhood.
IBy Associated Press.l

Waco, Texas, May 3.-The speedy
commencement of work on the $780,
900 lock and dam in the Brazos river
lust below Waco seems assured by the
discovery of suitable rock for the
foundations by United States en-
gineers. which was announced today.
Bryan daily eagle and pilot. [volume] (Bryan, Tex.) 1909-1918, 1911-05-03
STUNNING SENTENCE FOR
VIOLATING LOCAL OPTION LAW
Big Fine, Imprisonment and Heavy
Costs Awarded Illinois Blind
Tiger Operator.
tBy Associated Press.l

Tuscola, ILL.,, May 3.-For violating
the local option law Horace w. Sor-
rells was today sentenced to almost a
years Imprisonment, was fined $4,000,
and will have to pay over $500 costs.
This is the severest sentence ever
in Illinois for this offense.
Bryan daily eagle and pilot. [volume] (Bryan, Tex.) 1909-1918, 1911-05-03
COMMITTEE RECOMMENDS
RENEWAL OF INVESTIGATION
Will Come Before Senate Tomorrow.
House Committee on Rules Will
Recommend investigating
Steel Trust.
IBy Associated Press.I

Washington, May "a renewal OF
the Lorimer investigation was provid-
ed for today by the approval of the
expense account for such an inquiry.
This is the committee report and will
come before the senate tomorrow
An investigation OF the United
States Steel Corporation, which is
charged with being a trust, was prac-
tically settled on today by the house
committee on rules.
Bryan daily eagle and pilot. [volume] (Bryan, Tex.) 1909-1918, 1911-05-03
SHOE TRUST GRIPS
THE ENTIRE COUNTRY
Manufacturers OF Middle West Say
They Are at Mercy Of U. S. Shoe q
Manufacturing Company
OF Boston.
tBy Associated Press.l

Washington, May S.-The declara-
tion that the shoe trust grips the en-.
tire shoe manufacturing industry OF
the United States was made today be-
fore the senate committee hearing on
reciprocity by Middle West shoe man
ufacturers, who said they are at the
mercy OF the United States Shoe Man
ufacturlng Company, of Boston.
Senator Bailey said IL the report OF
the committee hearing was transmit
ted 10 the attorney general it should
make trouble for the shoe machine
trust"
Bryan daily eagle and pilot. [volume] (Bryan, Tex.) 1909-1918, 1911-05-03
lNsURREcTOs SAY THAT
ARM|sT|CE WAS VIOLATED
Assert That Reinforcements Were
Struggled Into Juarez Disguised
as Laborers-Story Denied
by FederaIs.
[By Associated Press.l

I'll Paso, Texas, May 3.-The insur-
recto leaders declare that the federals
violated the armistice by bringing re-
Inducements into Juarez disguised as
laborers, who are alleged to have en-
tered the United States via Laredo
and then crossed from Ell Paso into
Mexico.
General Madero today sent the COM
mander at Juarez a protest about it,
but the latter denied that any such
thing had happened.
The peace negotiations are still
awaiting the arrival of Governor
Ahumada, OF Chihuahua.
Bryan daily eagle and pilot. [volume] (Bryan, Tex.) 1909-1918, 1911-05-03
EASTERN HALF OF UNITED
STATES IS SHIVERING
Snow in New York and New England.
Frost Predicted for Tonight as
Far South as Memphis.
tBy Associated Press.I

Washington, May S.-Nearly the en-
tire Eastern half of the country is
shivering in the coolest weather, with
one or two exceptions, that has ever
been experienced at this time of year.
Frost is predicted tonight as far
south as Memphis, Tenn, and north
ern North Carolina.
A light snow fell this morning IN
northern New York and New England
Bryan daily eagle and pilot. [volume] (Bryan, Tex.) 1909-1918, 1911-05-03
PEACE CONGRESS At BAL TIM0RE
President Taft Delivered Opening Ad-
dress-WiII Continue Until
Saturday.
1Rv Associated press.l

Baltimore, Md, May 3.-rWith inter
national courts of justice as the i'm
mediate objective. the third National
Peace Congress convened here this
afternoon to continue until Saturday.
President Taft opened the session
with an address.
Bryan daily eagle and pilot. [volume] (Bryan, Tex.) 1909-1918, 1911-05-03
GUARD SHOT PRISONER FATALLY
Says II Was Accidental, but Case viii
Be Investigated.
lBy Associated Press. ]

San Antonio, Texas, May 3.-Adolfo
Garcia, a guard at the Bexar county
convict camp, is held for an inyesti-
cation of his alleged shooting OF Elwin
Armstrong, a prisoner, who died last
night from a gunshot wound which
Garcia says was accidental.
Bryan daily eagle and pilot. [volume] (Bryan, Tex.) 1909-1918, 1911-05-03
CLOSE RACE FOR MAYOR.
[Ry Associated Press.l

Lockhart, Texas, May 3.-W. E.
Fields was elected mayor yesterday.
A F. Carter, who did not announce
his candidacy until the night before
the election, was only 50 votes behind
Fields out of a total of Alp votes cast.
Bryan daily eagle and pilot. [volume] (Bryan, Tex.) 1909-1918, 1911-05-03
BRENNAN COTTON MILLS
SOLD TO stockholders
Purchasers Will Restock with New
Machinery and Reopen the
Plant at Once.
[By Associated Press

Brennan, Texas, May S.-The
stockholders of the Brennan cotton
mills, who bought the property at
sheriff's sale yesterday for s17,75O, an
nounced today that they will at once
reopen the mills with new machinery.
Bryan daily eagle and pilot. [volume] (Bryan, Tex.) 1909-1918, 1911-05-03
: COMMON SENSE"
INDICTMENT UPHELD
Court of Criminal Appeals Holds That
II Is Necessary TO Negative Only
an Averment, and Not
Exceptions.
rBy Associated Press.l

Austin, Texas, May 3.TThe court oil
criminal appeals today overruled the
motion for a rehearing of the r. A.
Slack case from Comanche county,
and held as legal the so-called com
mon sense" indictment in local op-
ton cases.
The court held that it is only neces-
sary to negative an averment in such
cases, and not to negative the excep'
tions.
Bryan daily eagle and pilot. [volume] (Bryan, Tex.) 1909-1918, 1911-05-03
CLUB WOmEEnn HAVE
POSSESSION OF MARSHALL.
IBv Associated PICS. ]

Marshall, Texas, May 3.-Oyer two
hundred delegates from all over North
and East Texas are here attending the
tenth annual convention of Women's
Clubs of the Third district.
Bryan daily eagle and pilot. [volume] (Bryan, Tex.) 1909-1918, 1911-05-03
WANTS BAIL FOR LYNcHERs.
1Rv Associated Press.l

Austin, Texas, May 3.-In the court
of criminal appeals Ned B. Morris
this morning applied for bail for Jim
Spurger, X. K. jenkins, Steve Jen-
kins, Curtis Spurger and Isom Garner,
defendants in the Slocum lynchers'
case near Palestine.
Bryan daily eagle and pilot. [volume] (Bryan, Tex.) 1909-1918, 1911-05-03
HIGH PRICE FOR
HISTORIC LETTER
Agent Of Pierpont Morgan Pays $685.
500 for Letter of Martin Luther
to Emperor Charles v.
[By Associated Press.l

Leipsic, Saxony, May "a letter
written by Martin Luther to Emperor
Charles V was sold today for s25,5OO
The purchaser is said to have bought
it for ]. Pierpont Morgan, Of New
York.
Bryan daily eagle and pilot. [volume] (Bryan, Tex.) 1909-1918, 1911-05-03

nouncei last night. The two papers
will combine, issuing hereafter one
daily and one weekly.
Bryan daily eagle and pilot. [volume] (Bryan, Tex.) 1909-1918, 1911-05-03
PAPERS CONSOLIDATE.
INV Associated Press.

(By Associated Press.l
Sweetwater, Texas, May 3.-The
consolidation of the Signal and the
Reporter printing offices was an
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1911-03-30
Imposed On Two Former At
tendants Of Western
Asylum
ABUSED A PATIENT.
The Victim Restored in Mind
Appeared AS A Witness
Against Them.

Fred lsbell and Charles Kirby,
residents of Warren county and for
merIy attendants at the Western
Kentucky Asylum for the insane
here, were tried Tuesday in circuit
court charged with beating, stamp.
ing and choking Luther Epley, of
Logan county, patient. The alleg-
ed offense occurred March 6, 1910,
and the prosecution charges Epley
suffered broken rib aud finger and
was bruised over his entire body.
The defendants stated that Epley
was very unruly and attacked them
several times that day, and they
only used such measures as were
necessary to protect themselves, and
never mistreated him.
They said his injuries, if any were
received, were sustained when they
and Epley fell to the floor in scUffles
that occurred. Epley himself was g
witness, and he appeared rational.
The case was argued Tuesday
morning, the jury taking it shortly
before noon and after brief consid-
GRAFTON reached a verdict of guilty
Each of the defendants was sentenc
ed to 80 days in Jail and a fine o
500. y
The defendants have not been con
nected with the asylum recently.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1911-03-30
Post ]. Backs Local NIaI for
President In
May.
OFFICERS ARE ELECTED.
Hopkinsville to Ask for Next
President of State
Association.

At a meeting of Post j.. Travellers
Protective Association. Monday
night, officers for the ensuing term
were elected as follows:
Nat F. Dortch. president.
A. H. Eckles. first vice president.
Geo, H. Wall, second vice president.
Geo. E. Randle. third vice president.
Geo. E. Gary, fourth vice president.
M. T. Carter. fifth vice president.
L. H. Davis, secretary and treasurer.
Directors for one year-T. L. Met
calfe, Clip Watkins and John H. Bell.
DR.. ]. E Stone. post surgeon.
Delegates to state convention at
Bowling Green, May 5-6-G. E.
Gary, G. E. Randle, W. c. Doherty,
A. H. Eckles, F. H. Mason and G..
II. Wall.
The Post gave an enthusiastic en-.
dorsement to Live Wire" W. c.
Doherty. of this city. for State Pres
ident.
The local delegation will take the
Third regiment band with them to
Bowling Green.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1911-03-30
Judge O'Rear Announces For
Republican Gubernstorial
Nomination.
DEFINES THE ISSUES
Silent on Night Riding And
Declares For County
Unit Extension.

Frankfort, March 29.-Judge E
c. O'Rear Of the court of appeals
bench, yesterday announced his can
didacy for the Republican nomina-
ton for governor.
In his announcement, Judge
O'Rear says he favors a redistricting
of the senatorial and legislative dis.
tricts; he will demand better schools
and wider educational advantages;
better roads; extension of the coun.
ty unit; election of senator's by popu-
lar vote; adjustment of the legisla-
tive lobby; taking of prisons oct of
politics; revision of tax system; and
woman suffrage in school elections.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1911-03-30
Other Court News.

John Faulkner, charged with fur
nishing liquor to minor, confessed
judgment and fined $50 and costs.
Five similar cases against various
parties dismissed for want of proof.
F. P. Scott was allowed 500 for
making stenographic report on the
Detreville trial.
Chas. Kirby and Fred Isbell paid
fines of 500 each imposed in as
sault case and were dismissed.
John E. Byars was on Tuesday ap-
pointed Commemorative Attorney
pro TEN, in the absence of Mr.. Smith.
Thos McGowan. shooting and
wounding. trial and verdict of not
guilty. Another case continued to
June term.
Frank Johnson, uttering forged
paper, demurrer sustained and de-
PENDANT held with leave to resubmit
the case.
W. H. Ketchum. F. G. Hoge and
Nick Edwards, bondsmen for r. H..
DeTreville in six cases, surrendered
defendant in court and he executed
new bonds for $3.50 in each case, with
A.D.Noe and Nick Edwards as sure
ties.