Iditarod pioneer., 1911-12-23
bALLlNGER SPEAKS
 ON BUREAUCRACY

Niehait n. DdlIlllSSl, iol tuCi . Public Lands Convention at Denve length on The Betrayal of Burea He was listened 10 by an audience News, the only paper to be receiv mention of the speech, intimaies th Pinchot and the forestry bureau; br exact facts Indeed, the speech W campaign. and President Taft will Pinchot 10 extract any comm endat Secretary spoke like oue who consic gation to withhold the truth. He s
 "The American government was cre- ated with the aim and purpose of giy- ing the largest measure Of liberty to the individual compatible with the best interest of the whole people, by encouraging individual effort and ge- nius and protecting the accumulatlons resulting therefrom. Our fathers right ly believed that government existed for the happiness of man and for his protection, and like the institution of tho family, it was of divine origin, and should be placed above every material consideration. Being people of ini- tiative, force and inOrdnate energy, inducements to freedom of personal &C., tivity, such as our government and our natural resources afforded. caused us to grow and flourish to the amazement of the world, and our influence has | largely remodeled the government in- stitutions of all the old nations in the interest of human liberty.
 "All of this has been accomplished on the sound theory that the govern ment and its officers serve the people that the government and it's officers are but the hand of the people oper- ating in the orderly methods of our representative republican system.
 "What we won by the revolution was liberty regulated by law-constitu tional liberty, recognizing and safe guarding every inalienable right which d free people may and ought to enjoy. Neither this nor any form of govern ment devised by 1nan could be free | from the assaults of the unsatisfed and the unsuccessful elements of society; those who, by their very nature, war against the existing order of things under the belief that it is an obstacle to their progress
 The peculiar feature of the Ameri- can government and the one which gives it its highest merit is the lack of paternalism in it's construction and ! theory, and this is what makes it the antitkesis Of Socialism. Thero is q set | of people in this, as there is in every country, who want the country to do everything for them, because they are either too indolent or too incompetent to do for themselves-this is the es- sence of Socialism; therefore, every i tendency toward the alteration of our constitutional system which encourages or looks with favor upon paternGllsm is insofar destructive of the essential principles of republican institutions; and therefore the bureaucratic theory of government, by which functions which should be exercised by the people themselves are exercised by powerful bureau organizations, is equally de- structive of our representative system.
 Tn the formation of the government the constitution recognized executive | departments as essential, and congress 1 from time to time extended their num- Der until there are nine great execu- tive departments under the federal government. It was found necessary for the proper dispatch of business that the functions of each department should be distributed among bureaus, which congress designated as occasion re- quired, defining their powers and authority.
 "These bureaus were wholly subordi- nate to the heads of their several de- partments and their chiefs were gener- ally appointed by the President. Ia the early history of tho government and until recent years bureau chiefs were not advertised; their acts were credited to the several departments to which they belorge rather than to the bureau. Subordination as we'll as efficiency demanded that they act only through the head of the department to which they were assigned. They were the servants of the departments, as the departments were of the executive.
 Executive discipline in the early days of the government tolerated no semblance of insubordination; this was for the simple reason that the responsi- bility to the executive for the conduct of the department was lodged in the head of the department.
 'So long as the federal bureau re- tained it's subordinate character it per