davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
LOCAL BRIEFS

George Allen, San Francisco min
ing engineer, was in town the latter
part of the week.
County Commissioner c. +. Havilana
left for INLAY or Southern Pacific No
this morning.
p. h. Myers, representing the Verdi
Lumber company, is spending the day
in Winnemucca.
j M. Boyle, the Midas mining man,
arrived in town Sunday evening, leav-
ing for Golconda this morning.
A. M. Dugan. Southern Pacific en-
ploye at Sparks, is registered at the
Home hotel.
+. b. Curley, Tonopah mining man,
IS registered at the Home hotel.
Mrs. p. ]. Mangan made a trip to
Reno the first Of the week.
BORN-At Winnmucca, Nevada
March 27, 1911, to the wife Of H. A.
Williams, son.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
DEMO STAGE WILL MAKE BUT
ONE WEEKLY ROUND TRIP

Postmaster l.. G. Peterman, of Cane
Springs, has received notice from the
department at Washington that here
after the DEMO stage will make but
one round trip week from his post
office. Heretofore the stage has made
two weekly round trips, leaving Cane
Springs on Tuesday and Friday morn
ings, but under the new rule will leave
on Friday morning only.
This reduction in the mail service
care without warning and will work
serious Inconvenience to a large num-
Der Of people. The Importance of the
DEMO country, it is believed, entities
it to a semiweekly mail service, and
steps will no doubt be at once taken
to place the service on it's old footing
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
Arranging to Entetain Delegates.

Engaged in outlining the most pic
turesque routes, from the easter ncities
to the Pacis@ coast, for the benefit of
the delegates to the national conven-
tion of Eagles, to be held in San Fran
cisco, August 212S, Rolla J. Shugart,
manager of the American Eagle, the
official organ of the Fraternal Order
of Eagles, is in Salt Lake, gathering
data on the points of interest in the
intermountain country.
The Eagles convention will bring
at least $4,000 peoplpe westward who
will arrange to stop off in Salt Lake
and at other points.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
NOVEL SCHEME TO DE-
STROY NOXIOUS WEEDS
fspecfal to the Silver State. J

SPOKANE, Wash, March 2s.-Five
hundred head of sheep and an ex-
perienced herder will be employed this
season in an endeavor to eradicate
thstles and weeds on the banks of the
Sunnyside canal, a federal government
irrigation project in central Washing
ton. The animals will 60 over the
ground three times during the grow
ing period Afterward the banks will
be seeded with white clover and blue
grass, rye being used in the drier por-
tions TO bind the soil.
stephen O. Jayne, of Spokane whose
Investigations for the United States
department of agriculture include the
maintenance and operation of irriga-
tion canals in this district, said in
making the foregoing announcement
that it cost the management of the
Sunnyside project several thousand
dollars last year to destroy weeds and
growths along the canal and right of
way. q
Railroad officials, municipal organi-
Zations and farmers and orchardists all
over the United States and Canada, as
well as ditch oweners and growers in
the irrigated districts, will watch the
outcome of this experiment with keen
interest, as the solution of the weed
problem in America will mean the saw.
ing of hundreds of thousands of dol
lars expended annually in controlling
the rank growths.
The uneultivated banks of irrigation
canals afford the most iviting propo
eating ground for thistles, wild mus
tard, saltbnsh and other noxious weeds
the seeds of which, carried by the
wind and the water in laterals, are
scattered far and wide. In many in
stances the growth becomes so dense
that it is difficult to pass through on
foot or on horseback, and when occur
ring on large fills hiding places are
afforded to burrowing animals, which
are menaees to banks and often the
cause of disastrous breaks in canals.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
Mining OFFICIALS
LEAVE FOR CAMP

Last evening Charles Haeffner ar
rived from National with the National
Mining company's car and left for
camp this morning with the following
stockholders and officers of the com
pany: s. G. Scotten, Charles w. Buck
ley and II. A. Foss, Chieago L. G..
Campbell, Winnemucca, and F. A. Tay-
lor, Los Angeles.
To representative of the Silver
State members Of the party stated that
they were on trip of inspection to the
mine and would remain in the county
for a week or more. The regular meet
ing of the directors will be held at
National next Tuesday, at which time
the designations of John e. and George
s. Pelton respectively as general man
ager and secretary of the company
will be considered and their successors
named.
When asked regarding the rumor
current on the streets that the mine
was about to be sold, s. G. Scotten re
Piled:
"That is the first we have heard of
it. We are well satisfied with the
property and have no present intention
of disposing of it,"
j. G.. Snydacker, an orricer and one
of the principal stockholders of the
company, was unable to accompany the
party from Chicago, owing to illness.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
FIRST CAR OF TUNGSTEN
FROM WHITE PINE COUNTY

Preparations are being made for the
first shipment of tungsten concentrates
ever produced in White Pine county.
The car will be started on its way to
the Atlantic coast, where the peculiar
metal is in demand for various pur-
poses.
The last wagon load of concentrates
is now on the way from the mill to
Ely. This quantity will complete a
twenty.ton lot, which is minimum
carload for that class of freight.
Five machine drills are being ope
rated in as many places in the mines
and plenty of ore is in sight to keep
the mill in operation for a long time
and large part of it is very good
grade that requires but little coneen-
tration to make shipping grade ear
rving an excess of sixty per cent tung-
site acid.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
NEW PORTABLE BATHING
APPARATUS IN THE MARKET

While the fact that Cleanliness is
next to Godliness,' has long been
recognized by the Winnemucca public,
the precept has been carried out at a
great personal Inconvenience. Until
very recently there have been but few
private baths in town, with the result
that residents have been compelled
from necessity to resort to makeshifts
to indulge in this luxury. Happily,
however, the problem has now been
solved by the invention OF a portable
bath, which is being offered for
sale by j. S. Brooks. If interested,
drop him postal card and he will call
at your residence with sample of
the apparatus and explain its work
ings.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
HOTEL LAFAYETTE ARRIVALS

A. j. Brunoni, San Francisco.
+. +. Fisher, San Francisco.
j. A. Moynihan, Sacramento.
d. Harrison, San Francisco.
M. Rutledge, Carlin.
A. Huschbeck, oroville.
j. NJ Peaslee, Grass Valley.
p. 4. McCarran, Reno.
j. NJ. Friedberg, San Francisco.
w. b. Lewis, San Francisco.
Domingo Bengoa and wife, San
Francisco.
Geo w. McCook, Ohio.
Mrs. +. knight, San Francisco.
+. T. Mccarthy, New York.
G. A. Cook, Salt Lake.
j. p. Turner, Salt Lake.
ID. Lennon, Salt Lake.
W. A. Chaffee, Reno.
Dore Lasa, McDermitt.
j. b. Horton, Battle Mountain.
II. w. McAllister, Waitsfeld.
A. " Hurst, Omaha.
G. Haeffner and wife, National.
j. X. Mcconnell, National,
f. III. Lounsbury, San Francisco.
q. B. Woodward and wife, Los An
geles.
=. {. Pickett, San Francisco.
y. hodriguez, Reno.
j. w. Guessford San Francisco
G. G. Young, San Francisco.
j. w. Planck, Stone House.
j. +. Mcdonald, Salt Lake.
M. r. Feliz, Golconda.
s. M. Neal, Hartford.
s. c. Scotten, Chicago.
Chas. w. Buckley, Chicago.
F. A. Taylor, Los Angeles.
II. A. Foss, Chicago.
Geo. B. Etchert, Reno.
A. ID. Loudeman, Sacramento.
p. r. Myers, Verdi.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
EAGLES HOLD I'M.
PRESS|yF EXERCISES

AT 2 O'Clock Sunday afternoon Win
nemucca Aerie, No. 4s7, Fraternal Or
der of Eagles, conducted impressive
public services at the Nixon opera
house in honor of it's departed dead
Members of the local order, with Wis
iting brothers, occupied seats on the
platform, in the center of which were
four vacant chairs, draped in black
and garlanded with flowers in memory
of the departed brothers. When the
secretary, in calling the roll, spoke the
names of Edward Jacobus, Christobal
Vargas, O. A. Gillette and John Lynch,
the only response was the sound of the
muffied drum
The exercises included opening re-
marks by Worthy President J. w.
Ferguson, an invocation by Chaplain
G. E. Robins and remarks by Past
Worthy President J. T. Dunn. p A.
McCarran, the Reno attorney, deliver
ed the memorial address, which was
said to have been the most eloquent
effort ever listened to by a Winnemuc-
ca audience.
At the conclusion of the exercises at
the opera house, the members formed
in line and, headed by the Eagles
band, marched to the new cemetery,
where the graves of the four departed
brethren were decorated with flowers
Banquet rendered Orator Of the Day
In the evening banquet was ten
dered Mr. McCarran at a local grill,
for which about sixty covers were
laid. Past Worthy President H. w.
Duncan presided as toastmaster and
Mr.. McCarran was again the principal
speaker of the evening.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
GOLDEN EAGLE MILL
PLANT TO BE SOLD

}. l.. Stafford, the mining expert, re-
turned Saturday evening from New
Central, where he had gone to inspect
the milling plant at the Golden Eagle
mine. 1t is stated that for some time
past negotiations have been in pro-
gress by which the Rockford, Illinois,
owners of the Nevada-Superior prop
erty will purchase the plant in ques-
tion, in addition to several of the
buildings situated at the Golden
Eagle. In case the sale goes through
the improvements will be moved to the
of the Nevada Superior, stu
ated some 30 miles from INLAY.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
ANOTHER SHIP.
MENT BY !" 1910

This week Supt. J. M. Blood, of the
1910 mine at Barrett Springs, is en-
gagged in hauling ore from the mine to
the Southern Pacific Winnemucca sta
tion, where it is being loaded. Thus
far Is tons have been hauled and
enough more will be brought in to fill
out 50-ton shipment.
This ore will be shipped to the
Hazen sampler, which some weeks ago
arranged to handle the entire produc-
tion of the mine.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
EAGLE DRUG COMPANY
WILL BUILD ADDITION

Owing to it's volume of business
steadily increasing, the Eagle Drug
company finds its present spacious
quarters too small Accordingly it has
been dcided to build an addition from
the rear of the building to the alley
which, when completed, will give
depth of 1875 feet Materials for the
new improvement are arriving daily
and it is expected that the work will
be commenced shortly after the first of
the month.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
SALTLAKF PERMAN-
ENT HEADQUARTERS

AFTER holding daily sessions since
the first of the week, during which
time the various phases of the forestry
officials from the several districts ad-
journed Saturday afternoon, and an
nounced that hereafter their regular
meetings will be held in Salt Lake
City. Heretofore most of the meet
ings of the foresters have been held
in Washington, d. c., but Chief For
it had been decided to make Salt Lake
the official meeting place, not only for
the reason of its central location, but
because it is a splendid place to
which to come.
"Our deliberations this year have
been unusually successful and we have
cleared up many administrative mat
ters of Importance said Mr.. Graves
Zone of the most important things ac
complished as a result of the gathering
is Salt Lake has been to secure uni
formity in the application of our poll
cies. We have gone into matters of
timber sales and grazing very thoroug
ly and have decided on uniform rules
and regulations with uniform applica-
tion to prevent red tape.
Economical expenditure of the
funds at our disposal has been anoth-
er topic of discussion, together with
the continuance of trail building along
lines which will further the establish
ment of an endless chain of magnifi-
cent highways, which will later be
used for tourist travel from all parts
of the world.
Wrestle With Problems.
Some of the problems which are
facing us are protection of the forests
we now have, the reforestation of
cleared areas and the judicious cutting
of timber, so as to insure second
growths with the least trouble and ex-
pense. Another problem is the ques-
tiOn of the amount of timber which
should be sold to one man, and still
another of great Importance is the
study of incidental resources, such as
was taken up at our meetings, relating
to recreation uses of the forests.
Efforts are to be made with more
zeal than ever before for the discovery
of water power sites and agricultural
lands and to open up such tracts. Thus.
the map making plan will prove of
great benefit toward the further de-
velopment of the forests.
"We are planning now on holding
another meeting in Salt Lake next fall
after the summers work has been
done, at which time important matters
will be taken up. One of these is co
operation with the users of the for
ests. That is with the stockmen and
the millmen and the mill owners to
the extent that their men will be of
service to the government at any time
fires spring up.
Telephone Important Factor.
THE establishment of temporary
telephone lines will be looked into at
that time. 1t is now being investigat-
ed, and report will probably be made
at the fall meeting. The army has
very good system of temporary tele-
phone lines, but we find that the army
system is not just what will meet our
needs. OF course, in places where it
is deemed advisable, permanent lines
are to be established, but in those
parts of the country where there are
heavy storms permanent lines are a
great expense. and are out of order a
good share of the time. '-Herald-
Republican
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
PURCHASES STOCK
FOR HIS OREGON RANCH

E. A. Stauffer has purchased large
number of yearling steers from the
ranchers in the valley and has taken
them to the range on the Three Forks.
He pays the highest market price and
takes them right off the feed yard.
This will turn loose a large amount of
money in the valley, and be a great
benefit to the country.-Jordan Val
ley Express.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
GLOBE EXPRESS COMPANY'S
ROUTE AGENT VISITS TOWN

Globe Express company, is in town to-
day. Since Former Agent Ebbett re-
the express company has been looked
after at the Western Pacific station,
but as soon as passenger trains are
running regularly again, town Office
will be established.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
STREET GRADING HAS
MOST SALUTARY EFFECT

The population at the county Jail is
at the lowest point known for many
years. In addition to the five felony
cases there is but one person serving
time for a misdemeanor, and he has
the distinction of constituting the en-
tire chaingan
Since Commissioner Haviland began
grading Bridge street, some weeks
ago, vagrants and petty criminals
have given the town wide berth, un-
til today it would be difficult to find
one with search warrant.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
PARTY OF BASQUE SHEEP
HERDERS ARRIVE FROM SPAIN

Yesterday party of 20 Basque
sheepherders arrived in Winnemueca,
coming direct from Spain. They We're
met here by Domingo Bengoa and
Dore Lasa and left this morning for
northern Humboldt county, where they
will be apportioned to the various
sheepowners.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
FORMER RESIDENT RETURNS
TO HUMBOLDT COUNTY

Mike Tulley returned to Winnemuc-
ca this morning and will leave for Ma
tional Thursday morning. Mr. Tulley
was for many years resident of Win
nemucca, having attended the public
school here, from which he graduated
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
SHERIFF LAMB IN ATTENDANCE
ON FEDERAL GRAND JURY

Sheriff Lamb left for Carson City
last evening, having been summoned
by the Federal grand jury, now in ses-
sion, to testify in the case of All Lee,
who he arrested in Winnemucca, sew
eral weeks ago, on a charge of having
contraband opium in his possession.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
GRANDEL RECEIVES ADDI-
TIONAL SPRING SUITINGS

Yesterday J. p. Grandel, the popular
merchant tailor, received his second
invoice of spring and summer suitings,
which makes his stock complete The
shipment consists of all the latest eff
fects in blues, blacks, browns and
greys, the latter being the prevailing
season 3 style.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
-REIcHT RECEIPTS AT THE
SOUTHERN PACIFIC STATION

Since Saturday the following car
'oad lots of freight have been reeeiv-
"a at the Southern Pacific station:
+. Reinhart & Co., two cars of lum
Nn~.
Eagle Drug Co., bricks.
Paviland & Hoskins, hay.
J. B. Case, Paradise, salt.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
CIVIL ENGINEER
RETURNS FROM CALIFORNIA

Frank O'Leary of the firm of Brad
ford & O'Leary, National civil engi-
neers, returned yesterday from Cali
fornia and will leave for camp by the
first auto to begin his summers work.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
RECOVERING FROM APPENDI-
CITIS WITHOUT OPERATION

The latter part of the week DR.. P.
J. Mangan was called in consultation
by DR.. Duesing, of Paradise, regarding
the ease of Fl. +. Fritchan, suffering
with appendicitis 1t was concluded
that an operation would not be neees-
sary, and today DR.. Mangan received
message to the effect that the patient
was rapidly recovering
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
MOVEMENTS OF NORTH
ERN FREIGHTING OUTFITS

Today Caywood 8 outfit is being
loaded at the Big Store with supplies
for the Clerf Livestock company, AL
word, Oregon, Smythe Bros, Andrews
merchants, and Joe Garcia, DEMO.
Domingo Bengoa and Dore Lasa are
loading their teams with supplies for
their northern Humboldt county sheep
camps.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
FOR PASQUALE
IN PARADISE VALLEY

County Surveyor Sheldon and Hy
Bonnifield left for Paradise this morn
ing, where they will spend the bal
ance of the week surveying land for
A. Pasquale.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
FRUIT TRAINS PASSING
EAST VIA SOUTHERN PACIFIC

The new orange crop is beginning to
move, and for the past week two
trains day, loaded with citrus fruits,
have passed east via the Southern Pa
cific, bound from California to the
eastern markets.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
EPISCOPAL GUILD MEETING
TOMORROW AFTERNOON

The regular meeting of the Episco-
pal Guild will be held at the home of
Mrs. G. l.. Tobin on Upper Bridge
street tomorrow afternoon at 2:30
o 'clock. A large attendance is de
sired.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
RENO MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
MAN VISITS NATIONAL

This morning j. ID. Mariner, of the
well-known Reno musical house of the
same name, left for National, accom-.
panied by w. M. Phillips, an expert
piano tuner. They will return to Win
nemucca Saturday and remain here for
several days.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
BARRETT SPRINGS MINING
MAN BACK FROM LEADvILLE

George Haught, one of the early 10
Gators at Barrett Springs, and the
present owner of several valuable
claims at the camp, returned today
from Leadville, where he spent the
past three or four months.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
COUPLE BACK
FROM HONEYMOON TRIP

Mr. and Mrs. Domingo Bengoa re-
turned Sunday from wedding trip to
California and left today for their
home at McDermtt.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
RETURNS FROM MONTHS
VISIT TO CALIFORNIA

Miss Fanny Harp has returned from
a months trip to California and re-
sumed her duties as stenographer at
the First National bank.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
Will Erect Residence.

Today A. c. Bulls, the Barrett
Springs mining operator is hauling
lumber for new residence to be
erected at the camp.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28

Mrs. =. j. Shea arrived from Ma.
tional on this afternoon stage and
will leave this evening for Portland
Oregon
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28

Phillip Blume, accompanied by his
son, Phil, lr.. returned SUNDAY from
San Francisco. Mrs. Bume will return
in about a month.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28

Tickets good returning up to and in
cluding October 31st, stopovers within
fifteen days may be used on going
trips. Return stops may be made as
long as one desires up to October 81.
Write or call ON any agent or Dis
trict Freight and Passenger Agent,
Reno, Nevada.
The silver state. [volume] (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925, 1911-03-28
DATES OF SALE
FOR EXCURSIONS

The Southern Pacific company will
sell round trip tickets from points in
Nevada on May 16, II, Is, 10, %, 23,
27, 2S, 80 and 80, Jnue 5, 6, Z, s, 9, 10,
IA, Is, 16, 2S, 30 and 30, August 3, 4,
5, IA, Is, 16, II, 81, %, 90, 2s, 29 and
80 and on September l, 2, 3 and 4.
The round trip rates will be as fol-
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1911-05-16
BIRDS PECULIAR DIET.

0striches are credited with a pc
culiar appetite for glass and ladies'
,hatpins, but a woodcock just sold
in Paris shop has run them closely.
The customer, who bought three
birds, asked to have them opened,
and to the surprise Of the shop as
sistant, one of them had four cart
ridges in its stomach. The bird
was carried to the police station, to-
gether with the cartridges, and the
authorities are wondering whether
they are faced by new phenomenon
that might interest naturalists OF
whether it is merely packers prac-
teal joke.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1911-05-16
Just HaIf In Bed.

Clyde, Ky Mrs /. A. Decker.
writes from Clyde: IL recommend
Csrdui, the woman's tonic. to any
woman in need, of a remedy. For
five years, | was unable to do my
own work. Half my time was spent
in bed AT last | tried Cardui. Now
! am we'll and happy. can do my
own work." Dn't suffer pain,
headache, b ckache, and other
woman ri.eries, Vhen your own
druggist has ON his she,f a remedy
for such troubles CsrdLi. Get a
bolt G for yorr shelf. AS a general
tt mic, for weak women. nothing has
been found for so years that would
take its place. Try it. 1t will help
you.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1911-05-16
DIDN'T RANK HIGH.

The Baroness Orczy tells an anus
ing story. On visiting the theater
one day in connection with the re-
hearsals Of her first play, "The Scar
let Pimpernel," she found new call
boy there, who had not quite sue
ceeded in identifying the different
personages.
Going up to the baroness he said
to her:
Excuse me, miss, but are you one
of the company"
NO." she replied, with a smile
mot exactly; / am only the author
ess."
"Oh, 10 that all" remarked the
boy, as he turned away in obvious
contempt
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1911-05-16
REsouRcEFUL COUNT D'oRsAY

D'Orsay was once dining at the
Old Ship hotel at Greenwich when
someone called his attention to an
inscription made with a diamond
upon the central pane Of the bay
window overlooking the Thames, in
which his name was improperly con-
nected with that Of a celebrated
German dancer. D'Orssy took an
orange from a dish, coolly remark
ing upon the good quality of the
fruit and tossed it up in the air
several times, then as though by ac-
cident he gave it wider cant and
sent it through the offending pane,
knocking the glass into the Thames,
-errold: "Beaux and Dandies."