The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-06-08
FEDERAL BULLETIN
tContinued from page nine.j

cies breeds only in the crab-holes on
sea beaches. Others are of more gen.
eral breeding habits and will live in
almost any chance accumulation of
water. Certain species breed only in
the salt marshes and many lay their
eggs on mud, and most others lay their
eggs upon the surface of water.
Where the rain-water barrel and
rain-water tank are necessary they
should be screened. About a given
house the waste places in the immedi-
ate vicinity should be carefully
searched for tin cans, bottles, and
wooden or tin boxes in which water
can accumulate and all such recepta-
cles should be destroyed or carried
away. The roof cutters of every build
ing should be carefully examined to
make sure that they are not clogged
so as to allow the water to accumu-
| late. Where the branches of tall trees
overhang roofs this is especially likely
to occur by the agency of falling
leaves or twigs. The chicken pans in
the poultry yard, the water in the
troughs for domestic animals, the
water cup of the grindstone are all
places in which these mosquitoes will
breed. and water should not be allowed
to stand in them for more than a day
OF so at time.
Even in the house these. mosquitoes
breed in many places where they may
be overlooked. Where the water in
flower vases is not frequently changed
mosquitoes will breed. They will
breed in water pitchers in unused
guest rooms. They will breed in the
tanks in the water-closets when these
are not frequently in use. They Will
breed in pipes and under stationary
washstands where these are not ire
uuently in use, and they will issue
from the sewer traps in back yards OF
city houses during dry spells in the
summer time when the sewers have
not recently been flushed by heavy
rains. In warehouses and on docks
they breed abundantly in the fire buck
cts and in water barrels.
In country houses in the South,
where ants are troublesome, and where
| il is the custom to insulate the legs
MOSQUITOES will breed in these cups
unless a small quantity of kerosene is
poured in. Where broken bottles are
placed upon stone wall, water accu-
mulates in the bottle fragments after
rains, and mosquitoes will breed
there.
Old, disused wells in gardens are
frequent sources of mosquito supply
even where apparently carefully Gov
cred, and here the nuisance is easily
abated by the occasional application
of kerosene. The same thing may be
said of cesspools. Cesspools are fire.
uuently covered with stone and &C.
ment, but the slightest break in the
cement, the slightest crack, will allow
the entrance of these minute insects,
and unlimited breeding often goes on
in these pools without a suspicion OF
the cause of the abundance Of mos
uuitoes in the neighborhood.
Fountains and ornamental ponds are
frequent breeding places, and here the
introduction of fish, as indicated in
another place, is usually all-sufiicient
1t frequently happens, however, that
the grass is allowed to grow down
into the edges of ornamental ponds
and mosquito larvae find refuge among
the vegetation and so escape the fish
Broad-leaved water plants are also
often grown in such ponds, and where
these broad leaves lie fiat on the sur
face of the water, as they frequently
do, one portion of given leaf may b'
submerged so that mosquito larvae
may breed freely in the water abov,
the submerged portion of the leaf, pro
tected from the fish by the leaf itself
the fish rising from below. 1t is neces
sary, therefore, to keep the edges o
such ornamental ponds freeSfrom veg
citation, and to choose aquatic plant
whose growth will not permit OF mos
quito-laTvae protection.
In these latter localities not only tn
house mosquitoes, previously mer
toned, or the rain-water barrel mos
quitoes will be found, but also some @
the other forms, and particularly tn
malaria breeding mosquitoes of tn
genus Anopheles. Some of Ties
breed in all sorts of water accumuli
tons.
In many small country towns, eve
where there is a water supply, tank