davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Spanish American. [volume] (Roy, Mora Co., N.M.) 19??-19??, 1911-09-23
PREVENTIONOF Smut

Several of the farmers have
called at this Office for a copy OF
the Spanish-American of July
10Th containing the article writ
ten by Mr.. r. S. Trumbull on
Prevention of Smut" and as the
article is very long and for lack
of space, we will only give the
formulas as he gives them.
Of the several methods of
treating wheat for smut, | will
mention but two which l consider
most applicable for the farmers
on the mesa:
|. Copper Sulphate and Lime
treatment.
2. Formalin treatment.
Directions for applying copper
sulphate and lime treatment:
One pound of crystallized COM
mercial copper sulphate, also
known as blue stone or blue Wit
riol, is dissolved in 25 gallons of
water by tying the copper sui
phate crystals in a piece of coarse
gunny sack and suspending them
Just below the surface of the
water. A convenient arrange
ment for treating the wheat is to
use barrels or tanks having a
bunghole at the bottom protected
on the inside by a piece of wire
screen so that the liquid can be
drawn of. Fill the barrels or
tanks about two thirds full of
grain. The wheat is soaked in
the blue stone solution for about
II hours and then for 5 minutes
in lime water, which is made by
soaking / pound Of good stone
lime and diluting to 10 gallons of
water after it is slaked. The
wheat should be stirred several
times while in the blue stone So
luton and should be agitated
thoroughly while being dipped in
the lime water. If the wheat
contains much smut, it should
first be washed, filing the barrel
to the top with water. Stir we'll
with hoe or paddle and skim of
any smut balls which come to the
top. These smut balls mus5 be
burned or buried as they contain
the spores or germs of the smut
fangus and are able to infect
wheat again after it has been
treated. The water is now drain
ed off and the wheat is ready fol-
treatment.
Crytalized copper sulphate in
10 pound lots should cost you moi
to exceed 10 or II cents pei
pound, so that 80 gollons of solu
tion can be made at cost o1
about 25 cents.
The copper sulphate treatment
is often used without the lime
water, but the terminating power
of the seed is likely to be injured
Directions for applying form
alin treatment:
Formalin is trade name for {
40 percent solution of formalde
hyde, and it is important to know
the solution used is of full
strength and that the bottles con
tain full weight. One pound b
The Spanish American. [volume] (Roy, Mora Co., N.M.) 19??-19??, 1911-09-23

1t is recommended that in event
the same delegates are not elected
delegates to the judicial and leg
islative district conventions that
the same basis be used in the ell
ection of such district delegates
and that such conventions shall
be called and held, after the state
convention, at such time and
place as may be agreed upon by
the chairmen of the central COM
mittees of the several counties
composing the respective dis
tricts mentioned, or in default of
agreement by said chairmen, by
a majority of the delegates elect
to such district convention.
1t is further recommended that
the Republican county conven-
tions in and for the several coun.
ties, for the nomination of county
officers, be held after the State
Convention.
H. O. BURSUM,
Chairman.
JOSE D. SENA,
Secretary.
The Brattleboro reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1907-1912, 1911-07-21
New Haven and Grand Trunk.
(Boston Transcript. J

Some day there must come "show
down in the relations of the New Haver
and the Grand Trunk. The New Haver
has often declared that it is not attempt
ing to block the way of the Grand Trunk
in its plans for securing entrance into
Providence or Boston or any other New
ting right of way in Rhode Island does
not seem due to New Haven interference
if one accepts as fact the statement issued
today by that company. Without doubt
the Grand Trunk can find some other way
of getting into the state than through this
route and even if this route is sought the
courts can rule whether the Grand Trunk
or the New Haven has the better right to
it.
But aside from mere legal obstacles, a
railroad concern can bother rival in a
multitude of ways. The recent little
trouble between the Grand Trunk and the
Boston & Maine in Maine may be an ex-
ample. Every great business corporation
has such opportunities many times. Some.
times these concerns are not strictly COM
petitive but the refusal of one of them to
BE accommodating means much disturb
ance of the others plans and subsequent
denominations and reciprocal bothering.
Probably the New Haven isn't going out
of its way to 'be accommodating This
is not to be wondered at and is only nat
ural. The public can hardly interfere, I'M
less it finds that its own chances for better
and cheaper service are lessened Perhaps
the public is now getting into this frame
of mind
The Brattleboro reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1907-1912, 1911-07-21
Traditions Which Have Almost the
Force of Statutes.

There is a class of unwritten law which
does not and cannot become written law
because it approaches so near the danger
line that man dare not recognize it to the
extent of publishing it and declaring it as
part of the positive law.
1t is the unwritten law of the sea that
a captain must go down with his ship.
Men dare not write it into the contract
and nations dare not incorporate it in
their navy or marine regulations, yet the
tyrants of the sea know the law, and be.
leve that to obey it betters their service,
and there are few instances of its being
disregarded
1t is the unwritten law of the army and
navy that an officer shall not seek cover,
or at least shall not show apprehension of
danger to his person, in time of battle and
in the presence of enlisted men or common
sailors. In the Franco-Prussan war near
ly 1000 officers of the German army were
killed and the great majority of them gave
up their lives because they believed in
this law of conduct
In obedience to this law Farragut bound
himself to the mast, Lee rode to the head
of his charging column at the bloody angle,
and Lawson walked coolly in front of the
line and was shot in the presence of his
men.
The law of the right of revolution has
been much talked about and much writ
ten about Every intelligent citizen be-
lieves that he has the right under certain
The Brattleboro reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1907-1912, 1911-07-21
Improved Training for Teachers.


The Vermont State Board of Education
has decided to place the normal schools Of
the state on higher plane than ever be-
fore 70 give the old system reasonable
commentator we may say that the Sys-
tenn and the results could well be improv-
ed The higher course l. not to be chang
ed materially from what it has been for
the past two years. High school graduates
only are to be admitted to that course
The primary purpose is the improvement
of the education of our teachers, so that
they may be fitted not only for our own
schools, but to put them on a par with
the education which is furnished by other
states-New York. New Hampshire or
Rhode Island. for example. Letters have
been received from the departments Of
those states that the Vermont diplomas
will, as now proposed, be received there on
the same basis as the graduates Of their
own schools. Other states will do the
same
This advance in training of our teachers
is a movement in the right direction. Yer
mont teachers should stand on an equality
with all other states. That. we are sorry
to say, has apparently not been the case.
Our system has been haphazard, penuri-
Gus, and without system. Many of our
teachers we had to get from other states.
We hope that from now on we shall turn
out Of our training schools teachers as
competent as any in the world, This
change will involve another consideration.
namely, salaries. We shall have to pay
as high prices as our neighborng states, or
lose our best teachers
The Brattleboro reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1907-1912, 1911-07-21
Col. Albert Clarke.
lGrnnnfinld Recordnr

They who knew Col Albert Clarke only
as a persistent advocate Of high protection
knew him but in part The commonwealth
has not had truer citizen. The cause Ia
which he gave his greatest effort was not
permitted to exclude an active interest in
other public concerns and fine intelli.
gence and high spirit made his service
Of them effective He was one OF Yer
monts best soldiers in the civil war and
bore a noble share in the resistance Of
Pickett's bold charge at Gettysburg con
tinuing in the command of his com
pany at the point where was reached
the high tide of rebellion even though
wounded in the fight. Later he was
a brave editor of Vermont daily
paper and stood almost alone with C. \.
Davenport, Brattleboro's gifted lawyer,
against the Smith domination of the
states politics, story OF which is well
told by solomon b Griffin OF the Spring
field Republican, who was reporter of the
investigation that Colonel Clarke forced.
In the Massachusetts, legislature Of dozen
years ago he furnished model of the
cear.visioned and independent
representative. Personally he was one Of
the most attractive and lovable OF men.
His death comes when he was still in pos.
session of his remarkable faculties and
with fitting setting in the midst of the re-
union of his old comrades of the war near
the scene of his enlistment
The Brattleboro reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1907-1912, 1911-07-21

A controversy that bids fair to be fully
as embarrassing to the Taft administration
as the famous Ballnger case has been
started by the "doped food interests
which are endeavoring to bring about the
removal of DR.. Harvey w Wiley, the gov
ernment's pure food expert, on the appar
emily fimsy preteyt that he has committed
a technical violation of the law in the case
of the salary of pharmacognocist in his
employ. Solicitor George p, McCabe of the
department of agriculture, of which the
bureau of chemistry is part, is strongly
opposed to DR. Wiley's pure food crusade
and is believed to dominate Secretary VIII
son. Attorney General Wickersham has
lent his influence to the opponents of pure
food by recommending Wileys removal on
charges preferred by the committee on per-
sonnet of the department of agriculture,
and these officials are backed by the whisky
trust, the borax trust, the fake medicine
men and users of benzoate of soda. For
% years DR.. Wiley has worked for the
cause Of pure food and during that time
his enemies, who are also enemies Of public
health have continually searched his rec.
ord in an effort to find basis for charges
against him. The combination against this
public servant is an extremely powerful
one, but we cannot believe it is sufficiently
so to triumph over right and justice.
The Brattleboro reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1907-1912, 1911-07-21

conditions TO oppose the established gov.
eminent of his own land and Join in an
effort to establish another i'm its place.
just prior to and during the Civil War
there was much discussion in this country
by learned men on either side of the right
Of revolution and the "higher power" and
the greater law
The law justifying one person in the
killing of another has required the serious
consideration of every country. Every
criminal code provides certain punishments
for homicides. and many of them graduate
the punishment, with minute particularly,
according to the circumstances of the kill
ing so that any one of six crimes may be
involved in a single tragedy. Such codes
also attempt to define what killing is iusti.
fable and what is eXcusable and with their
Interpretation by the courts attempt to de-
scribe the only conditions under which
one human being can kill another and
not be guilty of crime.
The Hebrew code almost stands alone
in its recognition of mans desire to kill
and his right to have that desire and that
climax of all satisfactions which comes to
HIM who under great provocation Stays an
other. 1t is not at all strange that in this
branch there should be an extended code
OF unwritten as well as written law. I'M
written now and always to be unwritten
for the reason that the recognition given
by its embodiment in the statutes would
be taken as a license by dishonest men and
would result in harm rather than good.
1t is an unwritten law among the off.
GERS of the army that if subordinate
officer kills superior officer because that
officer has publicly degraded him by strik-
ing him, or by other action equally humii-
ating, then the courtmartial will not con-
Wet. During the Civil War, at Louisville,
Ky, General Nelson said to General Da-
Wis:
How many men have you?"
General Davis replied about -
giving an approximate number
Nelson said you are an army officer
and you say about Why don't you Know
how many men you have?" And with that
he struck Davis in the face with his glove.
Davis shot and killed him, and the court
martial acquitted Davis.-Case and Com
ment.
Manuscripts and letters of Oscar Wilde
will be sold at auction in London, July 81
The Brattleboro reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1907-1912, 1911-07-21

1t must be a matter of regret to all
citizens of Bennington that its military
company has reached stage of such in
efficiency that it is about to be disbanded
upon orders of the commander of the Yer
mont National guard and yet the outcome
is not surprising in view of the inadequate
quarters with which the company has been
obliged to get along for number of years.
At their last annual meetings the town and
village of Bennington voted appropriations
sufficient to take advantage of the new
state law providing for state aid fol
the building of armories, and this action
tended to arouse interest among the young
men of the community, but when it be-
came known that there were no funds
in the state treasury available for the pur-
pose interest began to decline again and
soon reached a stage where an order for
disbanding was known to be only a ques-
ton of time. There is a general feeling in
Bennington that the state cannot continue
to expect its young men to give the time
and work required under the present strict
militia regulations unless there is some
compensation in the shape of adequate
armory quarters, and this feeling would
seem to be perfectly reasonable.
The Brattleboro reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1907-1912, 1911-07-21

Gossip concerning the next governorshir
campaign has continued at intervals during
the hot weather in spite of the fact that
convention time is almost year away
Fred H. Babbitt of Bellows Falls, whose
name has been mentioned in connection
with the office, has announced that it
would be impossible for him to consider
such thing and expresses the conviction
that Allen M. Fletcher of Cavendish is the
logical candidate" for the nomination. In
this matter great many people will agree
with Mr.. Babbitt, and his opinion is valua-
BILE for the reason that his work with Mr..
Fletcher in the last legislature gave the
Bellows Falls man an excellent chance to
form an accurate estimate of the formers
ability. Up around Montpelier the name
of Joseph A. DeBoer is being put forward,
and it is understood that the president of
the National Life Insurance company
would be willing to receive the honor if he
were not obliged to make a fight for it.
Caledonia county some time ago launched
a boom for Lieutenant Governor Leighton
P. Slack of st. Johnsbury. From this talk
it will be seen that there is prospect of a
merry campaign in 1912.
The Brattleboro reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1907-1912, 1911-07-21
oru,,,.h.. ou,lives Usefulness.

The bumblebee is 10 be rendered al
most superfuous in nature by ma
chine newly patented by an Indiana III
ventor-James NJ. Dennis of Cambridge
| City. o,,aorns
This, al all events, so far as concerns
clover and alfalfa plants whlsh naN'
depended almost wholly upon the puii
| blebee for their production OF seen
| Where there are no bumblebees there =
neither clover nor alfalfa. Which y
WHY our government, not long ago, sem
several patches of these useful insects
10 Australia. a bumblebeeless ana crow
erless country
In 10 date, il does not appear that the
experiment has "panned out as wen
ms was expected. But this IS matter
of no importance IL the formulating
machine as the inventor calls u,
works ms well as he claims II does. one
such machine, he asserts, y edual lor
fertilizing purposes 10 a whole swarm
of bumblehees.
skeleton cart, and is intended 20 pc
driven by man over a clover field. IN
the rear of the axle is horizontai
frame extending almost the entire
width of the vehicle. This frame IS IN.
terlaeed with numerous wires IN snch
fashion as to divide up into an ar.
rangement of square meshes.
II will be understood, then, that the
right angles. From every Joining thele
hangs downward a pair of spring
shaped wire fingers wrapped with some
fuzzy stuff. such as lint or hhionss
down. The fuzzy fingers thus prepared
are made waterproof by dipping them
in a thin solution of rubber This is
highly important because they are the
business members, so 10 speak, OF the
machine.
As the latter is driven slowly over
the clover or alfalfa field, the horizon
tai frame. by an arrangement OF cams,
is made TO move a few inches NJ and
down. Four times during each revolu.
tion of the cart wheels, they are lifted
gently and dropped suddenly. This
keeps the frame continually agitated;
likewise the fuzzy fingers, which brush
the blossoms. take up their pollen. and
deposit il upon other blossoms.-Tech-
nical World Magazine.
The Brattleboro reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1907-1912, 1911-07-21

The state board Of education has done
well TO rule that only graduates Of approx
ed high schools and academies or those
furnishing evidence Of equivalent education
will be admitted to Vermont normal
schools. Enforcement Of this regulation
will raise the standard OF teachers in the
state and bring about corresponding in
crease in the efficiency OF the schools them.
selves. Moreover il may cause some Of the
small towns TO pay more for teachers than
they do at present, change that will be
none the less advantageous even ii il is
eompulsory,
The Brattleboro reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1907-1912, 1911-07-21
A Mountain Trail.


No recent undertaking in Vermont has
attracted more attention or more favorable
comment than the plan of The Green
Mountain club to construct trail from
one end of the state of Vermont to the
other along the prominent mountain peaks.
Massachusetts and New Hampshire papers
i've work of The Appalachian club of Bos-
ton in marking trails in the White noun
tains and elsewhere. incidentally they
mention the scenery that the mountains
and lakes of Vermont afford. New York
papers also comment favorably on the
scheme. So the plan has already advertis-
ed the state attractions.
The plan is to construct trail about 15S
miles in length that will cost about five
dollars per mile and the club expects to
have about 80 miles of it completed this
season. The value of such trail is that
it will lead to the most beautiful and grand
The Brattleboro reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1907-1912, 1911-07-21

scenes of Vermont that can be reached
only by trail. The trail for the most part
will lead through the woods where the
GOODNESS and freshness of the forest will
ever lure the pedestrian 1t will give Sc.
clusion and at the same time. a definite
aim for those who seek the seclusion. The
most important influence with the eXcep-
ton of the scenery will be its challenge to
the love Of difficulty that will tempt thou.
sands to the healthful and celebrating ex.
ercise of following it the whole winding
course. Stronger men and women. free.
dom from the rush and dust Of train and
automobile better understanding and
keener appreciation of the attractions OF
Vermont will he sure to follow the com.
pletion of the Green Mountain Trail.
The Brattleboro reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1907-1912, 1911-07-21
A Hog Back Tombstone.

What IS "hogback' tombstone:
Ninety-nine out of every hundred people
on being asked this question, would jump
to the conclusion that the answer Is a very
simple one. and reply, why, a tombstone
shaped like hogs back, Of course 30
far 50 good. But the inquisitive person is
not satisfied with such meagre information
III one demands more ample particulars,
however, even the learned are placed IN a
dilemma. for "hog.hack" tombstones,
which number but hall dozen or 80 in
the whole OF England, constitute one OF the
mysteries which archaeologists are ever at.
tempting to solve. More thought. perhaps,
has been expended on the "hog-back at
Heysham. for instance, than ON any other
one tombstone in Christendom; and the
problem involved is by no means eluci.
dated j Holme Nicholson. president Of
the historical section Of the Archaeological
institute, thinks that the bassorelievo
sculpture on this singular tombstone,
which was unearthed in the Heysham
churchyard, near Morecambe, some 80 or
90 years ago, refers 10 Scandinavian
legends Basing his judgment on the re-
searches of Mr.. Calyerley and DIR. Colley
March, the rude carving represents the
Crack OF Doom-the Scandinavian Ragnor
rock. The Powers Of Evil have been let
loose; war Is raging between these and the
gods, and Whorl, the great sea serpent who
lives at the bottom of the sea and is the
cause of all the tempests which the world
experiences has broken loose. Another
scientist holds that the figures represent
an animal hunt, probably owing to the fact
that one OF the sculptured beasts is a stag
One learned gentleman imagined he had
found clue to the meaning of the cary.
ings in the legends of the saints in the
apocIyphal gospels, The stone represented
the dispatch OF Seth to get oil of grace for
Adam when he was lying on his death bed.
But on hearing this fourth servant stated
that, in his opinion. religion had nothing
whatever to do with 1.-THE tomb was
merely that Of an ancient huntsman, as the
hounds heads at the ends clearly showed.
From the April Wide World Magazine.
The Brattleboro reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1907-1912, 1911-07-21
BRATTLEBoRo, FRIDAY, JULY 81, loll'

While il is evident that the big railroad
fight between the New Haven and Grand
Trunk system, is 10y no means settled there
is general feeling that the two roads viii
eventually patch up their differences IN SO
far as the Bnttleboro situation is concern
ed and that the outcome will be jointly
used double track between South Vernon
and White River Junction. The summer
is now so far gone, however, that there Is
no prospect of any improvement IN local
railway facilities this year, and those who
still hold to the belief that independent
lines will be built through the Connecticut
valley look TO see the fight carried into the
next session Of the Vermont legislature
which will convene year from this fall
4 settlement Of the Brattleboro situation
would not necessarily mean any cessation
of hostilities in southern New England
where the Grand Trunk is seeking an out
let by the way of Providence, for when
NIessrs. NIellen and Fit2hugh got together
to confer with Governor Mead il was ex'
pressly stipulated that discussion should be
confined to that part Of the controversy
that directly affected this state. Even now
the two roads are at loggerheads over the
location of freight house which the New
Haven proposes to build at Woonsocket on
land over which the Grand Trunk plans to
run its tracks, and hearing upon a pre-
liminary injunction sought by the latter
corporation will he given at Providence TO-
day. As far as the local situation is con
cerned Brattleboro people will wait pa
tiently as long as they have assurance that
any contemplated improvement will keep
the Boston 4 Maine tracks on this side OF
the Connecticut river, and those most
closely in touch with railroad officials say
that this is the situation at present.
The Brattleboro reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1907-1912, 1911-07-21

II is noted that only two states have
rejected the income tax amendment 10y
vote OF both legislative branches. This i'm.
plies an extremely reactlonaIy attitude,
and il should thus easily be possible 10
name the two. That no mistake may be
made, however, il should he said that they
are Vermont and Connecticut Spring.
field Republican,
\ great many Nermonters are OF the
opinion that the legislature was not rep.
resentative of the people in its vote on
the income tax amendment. II was one
of number of cases of bugaboo.