davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-07-02

charm of something so vastly out Of the
ordinary. Just now ii is warm there and
the women wear white dresses and dress
as near the styles of their sister women
attending games in the states as the
steamers will permit.
Another odd feature of Alaska is that
we SO rarely have the midnight sun. In
stead of remaining visible as in Nor
way in most sections OF our country it
drops just enough below the horizon TO
he hidden and, while We have a half
uncertain light, the rays are lacking.
From then now on our days gradually
shorten until September 90 we have twelve
hours light and twelve darkness. This Is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-07-02

insist the territory Is really one VI siioi
contrasts and with many features uhIa-
miliar 10 the United States, but not the
cold desolate regions some writer's would
make out.
Il have travelled over practically every
section OF it, Mr.. Wickersham said the
other day, and ! have never seen but
three wolves We do have severe
weather Al times-such weather as You
cannot imagine herewith the mercury
down 10 81 degrees below zero. But. re-
member. that is the lowest recorded In
the history of Alaska. There come biz
yards and people are lost In the snow
But We also have months OF warm
weather and sunshine, when vegetables
grow in the open air. and even the klon-
like is covered with u profusion of viz
IDLY green moss and beautiful flowers.
During the six months from March
Y to September 90 we have three sea-
sons, spring. summer and early fail, and
in IL we also have three-fourths of the
entire years sunshine. Strangely, while
SO many of the vegetable products of the
remainder of America are impractical
with Us, We can raise any that will flour
ish in Scandinavia and Finland.
Nearly every one thinks OF Alas
ka, every one who has not been
there, as damp and bleak and al
most like Siberia. There is strip
Of land along the coast OF which this is
true. But. along with its other many un-
expected phases, Alaska has two dis
tinct climates That strip OF land usually
is extremely cold all winter and nothing
grows there. even in the spring. There
Is an interior, elevated valley. however.
about the size of Texas. Here the bitter
days OF winter are rare, and in summer
IL il warm enough for men to 20 coatless
and women 10 wear regulation thin
dresses.
.'One or the queerest of sights is to
see a man standing on shore of solid
Ice In his shirt sleeves while spearing
walrus. The air is SO dry that he is
not conscious OF the intense cold. The
ground 10 frozen from the bottom up.
1t was frozen before the valleys filled
and near the coast has never thawed at
all. II Softens enough for the moss 10
BE- permanent when this has been re-
moved in the late spring We can dig
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-07-02

Mos Expensive and
ASA Highly Priced Posses
sions Given to Friends With
out Hope of Return-To Beg
gar Ones Self in So Doing
Considered an Honor-Spec-
tacular Parade of Nez Perez
Indians-Navahos' Gorgeous
Pageant-Athletic Games and
Dances Features on All Res
ervations-Fireworks Popu-
lar-"Tepee" Race of the
Squaws.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-07-02
cSrApr OF GREAT FovR1H Or JuH RRADE.

clothes and the women make them
selves as attractive as their wardrobes
will permit. The regulation blanket Indian
and the fashionably attired dance to-
gether. Ii is almost religious ceremony
with them.
Two men, dressed as clown girls, last
year gave a very amusing dance at a
Moqui celebration. They wore very at
tractive costumes, with a false piece of
hair over the eyes SO as not TO see their
companions, who were supposed to be
invisible. A choir stood at one side and
chanted.
Two men were dressed as Spirits and
the quartet would dance forward and
sidewise, executing the most complicated
steps, yet never losing the rhythm.
The girls would dance together. then
the men would race around them and
act like children having a romp. But
never once did they touch them. for that
meant death to the girls There is no
end to the repetitions OF this dance
Sometimes 1t will last almost a whole
afternoon.
Then there is the dance where the
women are the pursuerS and the men
pretend to stand in fear of them. This
Is very lucrative form OF diversion.
since each masculine caught must throw
a silver coin or silver ornament into a
huge bag with which each squaw is pro
vided. Having exhausted the funds OF
the outsiders, the women dance on from
door to door of tents and invite dona-
tions.
A girls dance In which the entrants
keep their heads covered with shawls
and peep coyIy out from the folds is
open to all unmarried women and young
men. The latter stand around the edge
of a circle formed by the girls. who keep
revolving first in one direction, then the
other, and gradually travelling toward
the audience. Any brave on whom a
girl gazes with favor is seized by the
sleeve and drawn into the circle He
is danced around and whirled around
and tormented to the dancers delight
and his own discontinue. At the fin
ish he is permitted to give up his brace
lets. hat bands. necklaces and money as
tribute for the honor. Ii he signifies
any wish to include horses the pater-
familias of the selected maiden takes 1t
to mean a proposal OF marriage.
*
OF course, only men participate In the
war dances-grown men in war bonnet
and full regalia. These are not en-
couraged by the department, but 1t has
been found that the men can paint them
selves up, dance and go back home to
work just as unconcernedly as white
man does after acting like a demon at a
base ball game. At Shoshone last year
the Indians remained for three weeks
because OF the fascination of this dance.
The men wear very little clothing. but
make up for the deficiency by numerous
feather trimmings and ornaments and a
huge feather headpiece.
The dancers form in two sections, with
two Indians as marshals. An outer circle
is formed by the audience. At each end
of the groups of dancers the marshals
sit on little stools. The warriors dance
in circles toward each other. singing that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-07-02
man presents at a masked ball or

white man presents at masked pail or
costume party.
More picturesque than all the others is
the "give-away'' ceremony of the Sioux.
Each Indian strives his uttermost to give
away his most expensive and most highly
priced possessions to whomsoever he
pleases of the vast throng present In the
held He is applauded according to the
value of his gifts. and the one who gives
with the remotest hope of reward is ap-
plauded the loudest = and applause Is
very sweet to the Indian ear. A profess
sional orator of the tribe announces each
gift If the Indian is too shy to make the
presentation speech himself.
The ceremony is really return to the
primitive and barbaric life of the Indian.
There is an adage among them to the
effect that I'VE are white men all the
year. but we are Indians on the Fourth
of July The children have holiday
from the Indian schools several days be-
forehand. and their parents have gath
cred them under their wings and flocked
really a large Sioux camp on plateau,
free from cactus and near to good wa
ter and pasturage for their ponies.
The camp is formed in a vast circle.
ever widening with the arrival of new
participants The wall of tents is un-
broken. There are other tribes pres
ent besides the Sioux. The Crow Indians,
for example. their hereditary enemies.
have a place in the circle and will come
in for their share of the gifts.
Several days before the Fourth of July,
on which the great ceremony of the
''give-away'' is held. the athletic games
begin. There are many tests Of agility
and strength and races that demand a
high degree of horsemanship. There is a
another for the Indian maidens, over a
one-nile course, straightaway
The women ride almost as recklessly as
the men and victory is truly to the
strongest. Not infrequently the winner
OF the mems race after receiving his prize
will offer his heart and hand to the vic
torious maiden rider, though he Is not
obligated to do So
Indian dances are INDUCED in, and foot
ball, basket ball and base ball games be-
tween teams from the Indian reservation
schools are watched with the keenest Of
interest and played with desperate n
valry BY the morning of the Fourth the
preliminary pleasures and contests have
finished and all eyes are turned to the
great event. the ''Give-away."
All present group themselves I'm large
circle In the interior OF the encampment.
within the wall of tents. The master Of
ceremonies is one Of the Indian orators
whose voice carries far beyond the circle
OF the assembled redskins. The Indians
who purpose TO give away their posses
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-07-02

HE popular con-
ception OF Alaska
is a land of wolves
and snow and Gug-
genheiIns. James
Wickersham, del
egate from Alas
X a, an d NJ RI.
Wickersfam. who
have lived enough
wears in that coun-
try 70 deserve the
title OF pioneers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-07-02

Special Cable.ram to The star
ST. PETER RIG, July l.-Naluabie
discoveries have been made by the recent
expedition sent by the Carnegie lnstitu-
tion into eastern Turkestan. Dispatched
primarily for the purpose of geological
research. the explorers came upon
wealth of archaeological remains eating
hack to a period compared with Which
the advent of Christ is modern history.
The general tendency Of the evidence
accumulated by explorers is to point to
rho highlands of central Asia, and es-
uecially eastern Turkestan, as the re-
zion from which migrations drifted over
~ Eurone- Asian continent in the ear
lest geological ages.
4 chance exploration of one or these
made bv a Russian general revealed the
+.ct that the klIIgans We're made up OF
sllperirnposed remains OF settlements eA-
tending from the earliest period OF tne
neolithic culture, some iO,cop or -',Uo
wears before the Christian era, 10 cop
nor culture. which terminated about r. {.
1908
The lowest strata revealed many most
important facts as to the beginnings OF
neolithic culture. The inhabitants lived
in huts constructed of adobe or sun-dried
bricks or wood, land slightly elevated
above the plain. to avoid the intense heat
radiatin from the ground at night, which
rendered sleep difficult.
The inhabitants lived by hunting the
wild animals of the region-the horse.
the long-horned OK, wild sheep. the bear,
the gazelle and some kinds of small
deer. No trace of domestic animals was
found. all the remains being those of
animals slain in the chase. One impOr-
tant discovery made was that of breed
of wild horse closely resem bling the we'll
known Prejoalskys horse. but certainly
earlier.
While subsisting on the spoils Of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-07-02

NEHALF Of the
country may cele-
brate the Fourth
of July next Tues
day In the APP
proved safe and
sane way, and the
other half accord
ing to the old
fashioned. casual
reproducing meth
cd; but out in the
Dakotas the Sioux
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-07-02
Important Discoveries Made in Turkestan

of the beginnings OF civilization. No
traces of writing have as yet been
found. Still 1t is TO this region that
we must look for the beginnings or
the two oldest systems in the world
the cuneiform script OF Babylonia and
the pictorial Chinese. Central Asia IL
vindicating its title to be called. "a
Sir Henry Rawlinson said. 'the Mount
of Nationals"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-07-02
Perhaps They Can.

From the Mansfield Press.
One-third OF the fools in the cm,p.
try think they can beat a lawyer In
expounding the laws. One-half tbipk
they can beat the doctor In healing the
sick. Two-thirds OF them think they
can put the minister In the hole ex-
pounding the gospel. and all of them
think they can beat an editor running :
paper.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-07-02

dazzling Wilderness for the owls and ma
tive Alaskan grouse and also for the rab-
bits. In the mild months these all grow
a duh brown coat 80 they cannot be-. dis
tin2uished from the woods and cluinYs OF
broWniSh green bushes.
1t is really wonderful how Alaska as
Stimulates the animal and vegetable life
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-07-02

place as tan shoes with evening dress.
But they were there first and no amount
of culture or civilization can persuade the
family to remove them"
'OGr birds pay more attention to fine
feathers than do those in the states,'
Mrs. Wickersham announced proudly, las
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-07-02
Unusual Features Every Day Life Alaska by Delegate Congress

down about a couple of feet before strik-
ing the frozen stratum and this Is suf-
ncfent for growing grain and vegetables
This frozen underlayer acts as a means
OF subirrigation and we never have the
least worry about dry spells
we also have two separate modes of
travel which vary with the seasons. OF
course, there is a mail stage that carries
passengers, and these attempt the roads
all the year round. But usually for long
distances in winter We use dog teams
over the Ice and in summer we journey
by boat over these same roads, which
nave thawed and become streams. For
pack purposes mules are now being i'm
troduced. had the first pair brough.
10 Alaska 1t was about six years ago.
| named them Mark and Hannah and
they We're as great a curiosity up there
as our Eskimo dogs are to people here at
the Zoo.
Naturally. people need varied ward
robes. When travelling anywhere in the
coast regions in winter the men all wear
the long overgarment. with head COW
ering and openings for the eyes, nose amt
mouth. You have probably seen them in
pictures OF arctic explorers. Under Ii W.
wear about all the clothes we comfort
ably can.
The bird life. perhaps. astonishes visit
ors more than anything else. Alaska
fun of northern robins. and they can Ii,
heard singing I'm the trees anywhere
Many of the birds that go north in the
spring go to Alaska. They make a bee
line from Florida across 10 Michigan in
10 the Yukon and to Alaska Ducks
geese, swans, robins all make. US "A visit
and remain until about the end Of
August. The cliff swallows are remark
able. All along the banks of the Yukon
there are millions OF holes where the
swallows have burrowed out homes for
themselves. Any one from the south go
ing there will iin6s more old friends than
could be Imagined in presumably semi
arctic landlords, bees. yeilowjack
and mosquitoes all ready To buzz a wei
come.
New Jersey has nothing on US in The
mosquito line. Can you imagine mosqul-
toes in Alaska? And yet they are 50
prolific that the water seeping into
streams from the swamps sometimes
fairly swarms with the larvae. When
travelling during the warm season people
often have TO build 'smudge'' that Is Il
fire. coaxed to almost blazing point an
then covered over with moss. whic-l
keeps the blaze down making an awful
lot of smoke and driving the tests away
'One of the oldest features OF life in
Alaska Is the totem poles that some In
dams hold i'll s;.ch reverence At Fair
banks there are d number Of redskins
who have attained great prosperity. One
of them has very we'll built house with
what real estage agents would call ''all
modern improvements 1t IL furnished
in keeping with the means of a man of
affiuence and its owner dresses and lives
practically as the better class of whites
in his township.
But rearing their Kaleidoscope selves
directly before the Indians front win
dows are two totem poles. They OBJ
struct the view. are a nuisance to walk
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-07-02
And are they good cooks

u,
'ns remiHiscently, they can't be so very
bad, because We haven't a great variety
Of things to cook Eggs cost So a dozen.
and although dairies now are conducted
III various towns, most of the milk used
is condensed The lowest eggs have ever
been with us was dollar a dozen 1t
iSn so much the trouble of raising
chickens as the cost of taking care of
them. Everything they eat has 10 be
imported, and during the six months of
cold weather il Is necessary To keen a
stove constantly going in the henhouse
or they would freeze sitting on their
foosts. So only people who are raising
them for a business find it worth while
But We are not by any means reduced
70 bareback. Our fish alone would atone
Tor lack of many other dishes The In
dlans have fish wheels. have never seen
my outside of Alaska, and they are Ger
talnly curious. These are placed mid
stream. so that the current turns the
wheel, which is fitted with a sort of
hide. The fish are drawn into this and
pass through a box arrangement. where
tney are captive.
Concerning the mode of dress among.
the women. l would never think Of going
DOWN town In winter wit-.out putting on
old felt shoes. heavy stockings and long,
c!ose-ftttng fur wraps. The face, feet
and hands must be protected, although /
lave often had women come to my house
.or bricge party when the thermometer
was registering 40 degrees below array ed
II sheer lingerie waists. Of course they
wore warm cloaks. 1t is odd TO see chill
dren playing hour after hour out of doors
on d winters day, when the temperature
las dropped SO low that visitors from the
states think there must be something
wrong with the Thermometer But the air
is so dry one does not realize the cold
until frozen
Our anusemsnts are Of course influ-
enced by the time of the year. June %
is our long day. For twenty-four hours
the sun blazes down and there Is no hint
OF darkness Every year on this date
promptly at midnight the annual base
ball game is played at Fairbanks, where
we live. 1t is great event. and, besides
the pleasure Of tho game. one has al the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-07-02

were regulation birds, with claws bare
ana in no way different from those Won
see mere But and Mrs. Wickersham
paused irnpressively, their offspring had
a growth of feathers clear down to the
very point of the toes to protect them
against the cold Even tho fowars nave
semblance Of feathers growing over
their petals
IT Is more lucrative To be a cook lady
III Alaska than stenographer or school
teacher III Washington. Up our way the
iowest pad cook gets so a rnonth Very
Jew work for less than 50. and at all the
homes with large families or in any
mousse where boarders are taken the sal
airy IS 800 month and upward. Such
looks must be treated like members of the
family. too And they have to be housed
ana made much of. Many OF them are
@N-school teachers who have adopted
cooking as less arduous and more profit
aide.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-07-02

But of course, the dancing IS the
main diversion. The men daub their
faces for this sport, put on their vainest
Omaha daily bee., 1911-08-31
French Girls in Revolt

naming at home and doing nothing but
wait for husbands who never turn up have
invaded the labor market. 1t has been
found that the daughters OF wealthy manu-
facturers are taking situations as govern
esses. There are cases OF land-owners'
daughters filling positions as housekeepeTs
in comparatively humble households. while
girls Of good family, weary Of attending
balls and society functions, in the hope Of
meeting eligible husbands, are doing the
work Of housemaids, and doing II well.
Instances are given OF educated girls who
have taken mental positions In families en-
tertaining their masters and mistresses 20
musical evenings. They rejoice in their
freedom and in the fact that they are in
dependent Of their families, on whom, I'M
der the old conditions, they had to rely
for pocket money.
This new development OF the feminist
movement is seen in most OF the profess
sions Girls who were from the first des-
tined to earn their living are meeting with
considerable competition from their sis
tiers more fortunately circumstanced. Re
ports from employment agencies show that
the latter are eager 10 accept situations
which will take them from home. ana that
In their anxiety to be Independent they do
not haggle about terms.
Omaha daily bee., 1911-08-31
Grandma's Old Fashioned Ideas on Feet

Your new friend has lovely feet, my dear
child" remarked grandmother as soon as
the girl who had been calling upon her
youngest granddaughter was well beyond
the sound Of her voice, but should have
observed that fact as quickly II she had
not been at such pains TO keep them in
view. And because she sat with her feet
extended far in advance of her body I
could see why in the course OF decade
she will be wearing shoes several sizes
longer and wider than those she has on at
this moment In the first place. her heels
are exaggeratedly high and they are two
inches ahead of their normal position.
That sort of heel gives the instep a high
arched effect but It also helps to break
down whatever arch exists and sometimes
temporarily oripples the possessor. Then
the tips of the shoes were almost as sharp
as needles. That shape makes for a slender
effect, and, at the same time, by cramping
the toes causes them to double under,
breaks the nails. enlarges the joints and
produces the soft corn-most painful Of ali
eXcrescences.
And because a shoe which pinches the
toes Is as difficult 10 crowd the foot into
as though it were too short, it is likely to
create bunions, and when a bunion arrives
it comes 10 remain permanently and 1t will
have room TO spread itself in, no matter
Omaha daily bee., 1911-08-31

how much its victim may object to wearing
wide shoes. Can't you imagine how that
young girls feet will look when the in
steps are flattened, the balls widened with
bunions and the toe joints showing like
miniature hillOcks? And / think that her
ankles will get thick, because i'm her re-
luctance to adopt shoes a size larger than
those she has customarily worn she will
force her ankles instead of her feet to sup
port her weight. Moreover, she's quite
likely TO grow fat.
Il have seen any number OF slender
women gradually become stout after they
began to have what they term trouble
with their feet They speak of this condl-
ton as do the women who are having
trouble with their husbands and like those
women they have brought most Of this
trouble upon themselves by perslstently
elinging to a senseless idea.
Times have changed amazingly since
my own girlhood and I've tried 10 change
my ideas in accordance with them" con-
cluded grandmother but I'm not willing
TO cripple my feet by crowding them into
shoes which make them look so extraor-
binary slender and pretty that vanity would
impel me TO keep them thrust almost liter
ally in every ones face instead of drawn
decorously beneath my skirts after the
manner of gentlewomen Of an older day
Omaha daily bee., 1911-08-31

feels dignified because he means so much
to you. And there's "a heap o. differ
ence" between jealousy of losing his So
ciety and jealousy of the one or the place
or the thing that kept him away. If you
are not just pretending to love for the sake
Of the privileges Of marriage, IL you really
care for the man, you will study to make
every cankering why undergo a trans
formation. And keep on studying till Il
becomes an expression of love rather than
a nasty, hateful, jealousy welded link in
the chain Of your appropriateness with
which you load your husband till he longs
in secret for the good old days before he
made you his jailor.