davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08

Crown and stem roots of a mature
wheat plant, from ono seed. There
are about 100 stem roots, each Of
which had for some distance on an
average about eight branch roots to
the inch, making wonderful mat of
roots in the soil.
ton of the earth Is often too dry for
the plant to feed, crops send their
deepest roots downward four to six
feet and In some cases much deeper.
The greater number of roots, how
ever are in the upper eighteen inches
Of earth.
The richest portion Of the soil, and
the part in which the plant likes best
to feed, if sufficient water is present,
is the lower half or two thirds Of the
furrow slice. With greater depth the
plant obtains food with more difficulty.
While the deepest roots doubtless
secure some food, their chief function
is to bring water from deep in the
earth when the supply near the sur
face is short. These long, deeply pene-
trating roots have few branches near
the tip, while the branches are very
numerous near the surface, where the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08
USES or WATER IN THE SOIL
RoGREssIvE


roots spread out so as to reach the
more concentrated plant food from
every nook and corner of the furrow
slice and the uppermost layer Of SUBJ
soil. Only the outer recently developed
ends Of the root branches are active in
absorbing water and receiving soluble
plant food, the older surfaces being
covered with tough layer Of bark
| like cells
The roots OF other cereal grains
are quite similar, and the roots of
tame grasses penetrate to like depths.
The clovers go little deeper, while
some perennial field crops, like al
falfa. extend much deeper. But in
all cases the plants get most of their
food in the upper layers of soil.
Since the furrow slice and the part
Of the subsoil just below it are the
portions of the soil which supply the
most congenial and the richest past
urage to the roots Of crops the aim
Of the farmer should be to keep them
supplied with the proper amount of
moisture and TO- provide that mechan-
ical condition which best promotes the
growth and yield of the crops.
L HdI d CIOp uTdWS up lis
roots and allows to evaporate, an i'm
mense amount Of water has been
clearly shown in all parts Of the coun-
try.
Careful experiments in America
and in Europe have shown that one
to two barrels Of water GOO lbs. to
500 lbs.) are needed to produce a
pound Of the dry matter of many Of
our common fields If this amount
is not available in the soil the crop
suffers, and If the supply is irregular
there is a lessened yield.
During wheat growing months when
the foliage presents the greatest ex-
panse of surface and the roots are
reaching several feet into the soil
for water there is very great draft
Of water.
A conservative estimate would place
the average moisture percentage in
the soil bearing wheat crop fifteen
per cent below that in the soil bear
ing no crop.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08

Midsummer Is known as "fy time
in the dairyman's calendar. The
marked falling off in the milk flow of
the dairy cows at this season of the
year is looked upon as unavoidable.
and is attributed by many \ to the
worry Of the stock by flies. The fail
ure to provide an abundance of sue
culent forage to supplement the
parched pastures seems trifling
contributory cause Of the lessening
milk secretion, compared with the
activity Of the pesky. ubiquitous fly.
especially at milking time.
The flies that are most numerous
about cattle are known by their COM
mon names of the Stable Fly and the
Horn Fly.
The Stable Fly resembles the house
ny very much in appearance, but diff
fers in having the mouth parts fitted
for piercing the skin and sucking the
blood Of animals. The eggs of the
stable fly are usually laid in horse
manure, the female laying from 126
to $50 in a season. The period Of de-
velopment from egg to adult fly Is
about fifteen days.
The Horn Fly is new pest, and
was first noticed in this country about
1886. The first appearance of this
fly was the cause Of considerable
alarm among the cattle men, and the
experiment stations Of the various
states were appealed to for informa-
ton in regard to the origin and life
history Of this insect and for sugges-
lions as to agencies for repelling 1t.
The horn fly is small, grey fly.
very much like the house fly, but
smaller. measuring about three-six-
teenths of an inch in length. They
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08
EVERYDAY WORKING NOTES

whenever you discover q sheep
limping along, catch him and examine
his feet for rot.
II you want to raise a good crop Of
mice and insects that will damage the
orchard trees, let the weeds and grass
lie thick on the ground.
It is q mans duty to think up
ways of making his wife's work easier.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08
BY e. #. Phillips.

upper cell in natural combs arc more
irregular. and generally curve up
ward at the outer end. They arc used
chiefly for tho storage Of honey. I'm
der manipulation the size Of the cells
IL controlled by the boo keeper by the
use Of comb foundation-sheets OF
pure beeswax on which arc impressed
the bases of cells and on which the
bees build the side walls.
When the activity Of the spring be-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08

Running the mower along the sides
Of the bitches will make 1t easier
keeping them clear Of weeds.
Fence corners full Of dead weeds
make fine alternating places for all
kinds Of bugs which will get busy With
your crop next spring.
The man who used brains to save
his legs is not lazy-he n just wise.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08
BY G. W.. Smith.

The roots Of our field crops are
much longer. much more numerous
spread farther and penetrate into the
soil to greater depths than most people
realize. On the fairly open, easily
penetrated soils. where the upper por-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08

the ground, and well trampled with
fine gravel or broken rock or crock
cry. Fasten the lines to the CROSS
pieces at one end and let them run
through small pulleys 1T the other
end. The loose end should drop down
about two feet from the cross piece
and q weight attached to 1t which
will always keep 1t taut and trim.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08

The yellow-striped beetle is one Of
the greatest enemies Of the cucumber
vines, but he IL easily discouraged
by spraying with arsenate Of lead and
this also protects the vines from other
leafeaters.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08

The man who Is constantly Ques-
tiontng the results Of others has small
confidence in himself as farmer and
derives no inspiration from the ac-
Movements of others. Do not be .
doubling Thomas.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08

II you are trying to raise the third
crop OF corn on the same ground In Sue
cess!on and your yield is disappoint-
Ing this fall 1t may prompt you to
study rotation.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08
MUST HAVE GRASSES.

In attempting to farm without
grasses the farmer is lifting without
lever; he is pulling a load with the
weight on the hind wheels; he is cut
ting with dull axe.
With grass as a basis grains, fruits,
vegetables and meat all the triumphs
Of farming are possible. The first
thing that I would advise all those
who contemplate buying farm to
look into, would be its capacity to
grow clover and other nutritious
grasses and learn what means would
be available for fertilizing such
meadows.
The grass can be converted into
milk and its products into beef, pork
or mutton and returned to the land
in the form Of manure for the grain
crops or you may sell the hay by the
ton according to the facts Of your
particular locality.
I would not advise anyone to think
Of buying farm that did not have
at least twenty acres Of grass land
that would produce at least two tons
of hay per acre under favorable con-
ditions.
The greatest thrift and profit made
by farmers off from their farms in ten
Of the leading agricultural states that
1 have visited during the past two
years, have been made by those who
make dairying and the growing OF
livestock their chief reliance.
The great question of keeping up
the fertility of the soil for future
crops can be solved in only one way
and that is by the growing Of moro
clovers and grasses and feeding more
livestock and returning all of the
manure thus made to the fields
w r. g.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08
A HANDY KIND OF DUCK.

A farmer in southern Illinois has,
50 he claims, educated his big flock
of ducks to eat potato bugs and he
is charging his neighbors $1.00 per
day for their use in this line.
He tried them first on his own
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08

potato patch. The DUCKS went
through them like scandal through a
small town. He then shut up his
ducks until they got good and hungry
and then turned them loose on his
neighbors potato fields with equally
good results.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08

Roses Of all kinds should be
thoroughly MANFRED with we'll rotted
cow manure and mulched with lawn
cuttings and leaves.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08

The plant gets the food supply
through the water in the plant. which
1t drinks in or absorbs from the soil
through the membranous surfaces OF
the roots with their root hairs. which
later greatly incre. sc the surface
connection Of the plant with the water
of the soil.
Large quantities of water thus taken
I'm by the plants are "breathed out"
into the air through the leaves. The
quantity of water thus taken in and
given out by the plant is enormous
field crops consuming two hundred to
five hundred pounds of water for each
pound of dry matter they add to
their own weight in growing.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08
10 KEEP THE CLOTHES LINE
TAUT.

The best clothes line from hemp
or cotton will stretch during the damp
weather. To save the trouble Of tight
ening the line frequently. an easily
constructed device may bs ussd.
The poEts must be sot solicit n
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08

Never leave for the morning any
chore that may be done at night.
Mighty busy in the morning.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08

Unless the Chrysanthemums are
shaded during the hot months of
July and August. they will be injured
by the sun.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08

When we help friend In the hope
Of receiving reward we lose the best
there Is in giving.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08

Keep the hoe sharp and the rows
will not seem 80 long.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08

At 6 are shown the stem roots of
corn plant nearly ready to tassel
out. These roots all have their origin
In the base of the stem, and each one
has many branches as shown at Z.
The dotted lines mark on square feet.
The largest roots penetrate nearly four
feet downward while the spread hori-
zontally including the branches, not
shown in 6, was over six feet This
drawing was made from a plant nearly
every stem root of which was dug out
by means of small wooden trowel,
the length, depth and direction of the
root being accurately recorded on the
drawing.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08

Sowing at the right time is long
step toward a profitable harvest
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08

Drench the ground around the Tea
Roses but do not spray the bush.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-07-08

Very few amateurs practice trim
ming tomato vines. but If this Is done
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1911-06-17
Takes Over B,rktss.k Bank.

LONDON. June t7.--The sale OF
the assets of the failed Birkbeck Bank
To the London County Westminster
Bank was sanctioned to-day by the
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1911-06-17

24h, 600 pounds, a goodly business Tor
the season, the cal
being attributable to the recent rains.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1911-06-17
BUYS SITES
FOR NEW SCHOOLS
Two Locations and Property
for More Playground Are
Acquired
PLANS BEING DRAWN
FOR FINE
New Bellevue to Be Erected
on Old Van Lew Block
Bought from DR.. Par
ker for $4,000

Through the school board the city
of Richmond has acquired sites for
erection of the new Bellevue public
school and OF the colored school
which Is to replace the old Valley
school, which has beer out of COM
mission for some time, ana now plans
are being drawn for poth these build
ings as well as for the new Madison
school at Madison and Cary streets.
The city acquired the Van Lew
property for the site OF the Bellevue
school several weeks ngo. purchasing
II from DIR. w. II. Parker for s25,-
900 This property occupies the block
bounded by Twenty-second, Twenty
third, Grace and Franklin streets, and
is regarded as an ideal location for
a school The site for the colored
school is located at Cedar and Buch-
anan streets, n cos the city 81,
400. The city has also closed nego-
tiations for the acquisition of severa
pieces of property at Twenty-sixtt
and M streets for additional play.
ground for the Springfield school
This property vas acquired at a cos
OF $1I.340, the deed having gone Il
record Friday in the chancery clerk
i Office.
Architects at Work.
Plans for the new Madison schoo
are being drawn by Charles M. Rob
inson, architect. while Carneal &
Johnston are designing pans for tn
Bellevue school. Each of these build.
ings will cos s75,o0v approximately
Architect Robinson Is also rawint
plans for the new colored school.
Principal Joseph Saunders, of tn
Bellevue school. now located at Tween
~ty-second and Broad streets, has beer
transferred to the new william +
Fox school in the West End for TIL
coming session. This building. which
was recently completed at a cost o
10000. he located on Hanover ave
nue. between Strawberry and Elm
streets. 1t vas first designated a.
the Hanover school. but was late,
named In memory of the Tate super
~tntendent of Richmond pupifc schools
Miss Arents Gives site.
| The Grace Arents school on Pin
street is now in course OF construc
ton and will be ready for occupanc.
In time for the fall opening. TIL
site for this school which was de
signed by Carneal & Johnston. wa.
donated by Miss Grace Arents, phi
lanthropist and niece of the late Majo
Lewis Ginter.
All these buildings will he OF fire
proof construction, mocernly equip
ped and sanitary In every respect
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1911-06-17
HONORS
BY MASONIC SCHOOL

At the closing exercises OF the Vir-
GINA Masonic Home School the Lou
Nor medal for general department.
the gift OF Fl. s. Hutzleri was deliv-
cred by him to Benjamin G. Wright.
ID. G. Kennedy delivered the PEN
manship medal. the gift Of J. 8.
Moore, Matte T.. Pratt was the senior
winner, and Ethel Pearl Stickley won
the Junior. Mr.. Kennedy also rave
the II. r. w. Southern prizes for spell
i~ng-senior to Lyra Il. Ransom and
Junior to Wilbur Averill.
l.. r. Christians letter writing
prizes were delivered by him. The
girls prize went to Virginia Reese,
and the boys to Herbert Thompson.
Governor Mann presented the
medal for kindness, given by Mrs. Lucy
f. Murray, to Herbert Thompson.
The prizes offered by the Past Mas
ters Association Of Virginia werc
given by Augustine Royal. The first
prize to. girls for hand sewing went to
Thelma Chaffn Fulton, and the sec
ond to Eolin Ransom. Two boys-Mor-
ris l.. Horner and Fit2hugh Lee Greer
tied for the prize for the best crop
Of potatoes. and both were rewarded
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1911-06-17
A B HOSPITAL is
OPENED
INSTITUTION AT LAKESIDE PRO-
VlOED THROUGH GIFT OF MISS
GRACE ARENTS.

The old club house at Lakeside Park
was opened Friday afternoon as a free
nursery and hospital for babies M
Institution liz the gift of Miss Grace
Arents. The d~edicatory address Fri
day afternoon was delivered by Rev.
Thomas rector Of ST. An
drew's church. and music was furnish
ed by the Blues band.
The nursery is already caring for
ten babies. 1t IL equipped with cots
for eighteen little ones, and four cots
for visiting mothers. Miss Arents ex-
pended a considerable suIn OF money
in fitting up the nursery. The visit
ing nurses association will pay the
Maintenance cost.
Or. Mcclure Newton ts In charge,
while nurses from the Johnston Wills
n Virginia hospitals will be In
charge OF the practical work. The hos
pital Will be kept open during the
summer.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1911-06-17
BY AUTO, ATLANTA
TO

An automobile party representing
the State Chamber Of Commerce Of
Georgia passed through Richmond
Friday night on the way to Washing
ton. The visitors arrived at the JEFF
ferson shortly after 6 O'Clock and were
met by Secretary Dabney, of the
Chamber OF Commerce. Composing
the party were Secretary William
Wakefield. of the State Chamber OF
Commerce. and Colonel R. A. Stafford
and G. j. Lester. who are officials Of
the GAINESVILLE Board of Trade. which
organization is the seat of this years
session Of the State organization.
After n visit to Governor Mann,
the Georgians left by the Fredericks-
burg route for Washington, where
they have a n appointment to meet
President Taft at $50 o'clock Satur-
day afternoon.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1911-06-17
NORMAL TOBACCO
ACREAGE ASSURED
loesI THAT
Full. CRor or THE WEED
HAS BEEN PLANTED.
BLESSED BY SHOWERS
SAILS ON FLOORS OF RICHMOND
WAREHOUSES; AGGREGATE $780,
oDo POUNDS FOR WEEK.
ENDING FRIDAY.
BLESSED BY SHOWERS

Notwithstanding the drouth there
fsss been a normal acreage or tobacco
planted according to the well~nigh
unanimous opinion of Richmond
warehousemen. one of whom express
"a the opinion that final returns 0
probably show a slight increase, h
showers OF the past fortnight have
made the world loo altogether differ
ent to the h at one time,
feared thai there would be a large
eA~rtgiinaent of the crop, no~twtthstanc-
ing the large preparations which had
been made.
Sales on the floors Of the Richmond
warehouses this week aggregated
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1911-06-17
MRS. FAUSE.R HAS MUCH
MATRIMONIAL EXPERIENCE

NEW YORK, June 11.--Mrs. Mar
garet K. Fauser, quadruple post grad
tate in the school of matrimony, who
has divorced three husbands, was di-
vorced by the fourth and Is now try
ing to divorce the ffSh, told the court
to-day hat happiness and handsome
ness will mix no better than oil and
water. Mrs. Fauser coined the fol-
lowing impromptu epigrammatic re-
cipes for happy married life:
Beware of handsome men: this for
the girls, for men reverse 1t.
The poor are surer Of happiness;
they have nothing to distract them.
Don't let your husband employ wo-
men In his office.
Always divide the income--this is
the most important Of al.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1911-06-17
FEAR TIT CHILIrS SKULL
WAS FRACTURED BY FALL!

No Improvement in the condition
OF Bernard Locke. the t~wo-yar-old
child who fen from a swinging gate
in front of its parents premises, at
110l East Clay street. Friday after
noon, was reported at Virginia Hos
pital Saturday. 1t is feared the childs
skull was fractured by the fall.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1911-06-17
LITTLE ONE r
UNDER TONS OF SAND

SCRANTON, PA. Tune 1T.--Buried
under tons of sand, 70 feet below the
surface, the body of Antoinette Car
BALTIC, the seven-year-old child VINO
was swallowed in q cave-in ON Thurs
day.
The body showed little disigure-
ment, death resulting from sunoca-
ton. !.
The finding OF the body followed
thirty-three hours Of searching on the
part OF rescuers.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1911-06-17

arship medal sfor the senior division.
and Eolin Ransom for the Junior d.
vision. The department medal went
to Nahomi NJ. Rock, for the senior
division. while the junior medal was
wen by Eolin Ransom
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1911-06-17

Rev. n. w. Hooper, OF Cnlpeper, de-
livered the punctuality medal to Les
lie D. Wright.
The W. b. Isaacs Memorial Fund
medals were delivered by D. s. Free
man. LyTa b. Ransom won the schoi-
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1911-12-21
FARMERS FEED BARN,

FARMERS FEED BARN.
I have leased the A. Mcdonald liv-
cry barn on North Ramstad street
and invite the farmers to patronize
me. am catering to your trade
prices reasonable. J. B: Reed
II 8 tt
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1911-12-21
Farm Of Sale

Farm of Sale
FOR IMMEDIATE SALE-NE / 4, q,
1873, 80; 1874 miles southwest OF
Glenburn for $500; $4,000 cash,
balance at per cent. All under
cultivation and has been farmed in
Al style. Address B. W. Green,
Swift Current, Sask. 12Ft2*
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1911-12-21
Notice of Mortgage Sale.

Notice is hereby given that that cor
tain mortgage executed and delivered
by Philip Suffer, q single, man, mort
sagor, to Merchants State Bank, Vel
va, North Dakota, corporation
MORTGAGE, dateA November "a, 4
D., 1909, and filed fol record in the
Office of the Register Of Deeds o.
Ward County State of North Dakota
on the 18th day Of November, A. D.
1909, at 2:10 o'clock p. m, and re
corded in Book 163 of Mortgages al
page 81, will be foreclosed by q sale
of the premises in such mortgage
and hereafter described at the front
door OF the Court House in the City
of Minot, Ward County, North d.
kota, at the hour of 2 o'clock p. m .
on the 23rd day of December. A. D.
1911, to satisfy the amount due upon
such mortgage on the 6Sy Of sale.
The premises described in such
mortgage and which will be sold to
satisfy the same are described as
follows, to-wit: The southwest quar-
ter (sWA) of Section five (5) in
Township one hundred f1fty-two Q52)
north of Range eighty one (S1) west
of the Fifth Principal Meridian, in
Ward county North Dakota.
The said mortgage has elected to
declare the whole sum secured by
said mortgage Immediately due and
payable upon the failure of said
mortgagor to comply with the terms
Of said mortgages; and the whole
sum secured by said mortgage is
hereby declared due and payable.
There will be due on such mort
gage on the day OF sale the sum of
nineteen hundred ninety seven and
7o-100 dollars ($1,997. 70), which
amount includes taxes for the years
1909 and 1910 on the above described
land and interest on a prior mortgage
paid by said mortgage to protect It,
self under the terms of said mort
gage hereby foreclosed, besides costs
and attorneys fees.
Dated at Velva, North Dakota, this
14th day Of November, A. D. 1911.
MERCHANTS STATE BANK,
Mortgagee,
Velva, North Dakota.
N. o. DOLVE,
Attorney for Mortgage,
Velva, North Dakota.
Nov 16 g 80, Dec 7 IA 21
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1911-12-21

FOR SALE-A neat 4 room cottage
close in for $1,000. Easy terms. A
rebuilt room modern cottage for
$1,000. Has basement. Only three
blocks from Main street. Would
take a vacant lot as part payment.
Address P. o. Box 434. 127-t4
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1911-12-21
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION


Department of the Interior, U. 8
Land Office, at Minot, North Dakota
Nov. IA, 1911.
Notice is hereby given that Martin
G.. Gabrielson, Of Minot, N. Dakota
who, on April 25th, 1906, made, No.
41o11, for EA swA Lots 8 and 4,
Section 10, Township 1853, Range So,
west Of 5th Prin. Meridian has fled
notice of intention to make final
proof, to establish claim to the land
above described, before Register and
Receiver U. 8. Land ONCE, at Minot,
N. D., on the list day Of December
1911.
Claimant names as witnesses:
b. Mickelson, Of Minot, N. Dakota