Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-04-23
TURKEY And EUROPE

but deprived Of roads Of communication.
There France may ask to construct rail.
ways and find compensation for the Ger.
man routes from Bagdad.
Besides. France IL presently interesteA
in the construction Of railway from
Hodeidah to Sanaa In
French Railway the Yemen. treaty
for which was signed
AAIeIests' March l3 between the
Turkish government and the Rouvier
financial group. which had advanced the
Turkish government fifty million pounds.
guaranteed by the customs receipts.
There was likewise a proposition for
the construction Of certain railways in
Asia Minor by the American Rear Ad-
miral Chester, which was making favor
able progress with the view OF beng
submitted TO the chamber for approval
before its separation.
Having briefly referred 10 Turkey
projects of railroad construction IN
Asia Minor. construction which repre-
sents the political as well as CONNER
cial moves of the European powers on
this oriental chessboard. we may now
have look at Turkey from the point
Of view of her exterior relations
NJ. Andre Cheradame has publlshed
in lie Correspondent an article entitled.
What Is the Present Situation Of
Young Turkey" The author Is u writer
Of more than ordinary ability. and Well
versed in all oriental problems HIS
opinions on the Turkish situation have
been formed only after a prolonged So
journ in Turkey. He begins his
analytical study by the remark that
Turkey and Europe are spoken or as
IL IL were a question or two persons
toward each other. But. he says. If
Turkey exists. Europe does not, POLITICAL
ly speaking Turkey and Europe is In
reality an expression devoid or sense.
for in the face OF Turkey tnere rs no
united Europe. and the best proof OF
that assertion is precisely the existence
Of an eastern question
NJ. Cheradame. in further proof. de-
clares that IL this much-talked-ot EURO,
mean concert existed, was a reality, AL
the Balkan problems would long ago
have been solved. Could Turkey be con
sidered a satellite either OF the tflpie
alliance or Of the triple entente ror d
fact. the powers composing these W.
great groups practice severaliy ana
sinely toward Turkey their particular
policies. -
italy and Austria, although allied. rub
bed against each other In Albania ana IN
Macedonia. Germany followed a s.ee al
policy OF insinuat;on at Constantinop!e.
The triple entente had no more ihed
policy at Constant 'nople than fae
tripiae. Russia. fer example. aPlei'ei
quite as eager to enter into az .cmehts
with Germany as with r. france n o. f Ennland
whose relations with Turkey were APP
parently identical. but for TACT they a's
widely different.
England by reason OF her position Ia
India in the Persian gulf. am ..tr pre-
tentions i'm Eyypt has reasons certainly ID
RELY upon the conservation o. France
France. on the other hS2d IL protohhdi'
interested i'm the well bei.r; and success
of Turkey because of the vast SUMS OF
money advanced that country or engaged
I'm commercial or Industrial interests
there England. on the contrary. mas not
exceeding three hundred or Tour nun
dred millions invested, paitry sum
compared to the three mi!liards OF French
money.
NJ Cheradame compares what Turkey
was under the odious Abdul Hamid and
what Turkey is UNI
Improvement in der the new regime
of Mehemet ", and
turkey. he concludes that
Young Turkey through and over Immense
difficulties had obtained incontestable re-
suits.
Nevertheless disc ontent reigns In Tur-
key The great number freely recognize
the fact that Turkey is better incompar-
ably than under the reign OF Abdul d9-
mid But Turkey is less so than the
morning after the constitution, when all
ottoman peoples fraternized and saluted
as with one voice the dawn of complete
liberty of union and progress
NJ Cheradame signals the fact that
when Christians endeavored TO realize the
promises of equality the Young Turks
understood that the peril vas TO be coun-
teracted by the 'turGuisism' OF Turkey.
and 1t was this idea that inspired the
Organization OF the committee OF union
and progress. which is a de facto ''impe-
rum in imperio "a power behind the
throne When the committee proceeded
to 'turuuiser the country-that IL. To
consider the Turk alone as the dominant
element in government-the various neg
lected elements, among which were the
Albanians of Albania and the Arabs or
Yemen, revolted.
The aforementioned author attributes
much Of the Young Turks troubles to a
lack of capable men to fill the various
posts In the administrations which re
quire an experienced and devoted per
sonnet. The absence OF such person
mel, the author maintains, Is disastrous
1t obiiges government to EMPLOY the
functionaries of the old reg ime. and tina
situation begets disorder and increases
the difficulties of government.
Another dIlIiculI, with wiirh The new
regime must count is the proud and sensi-
tive nature OF the new Turk well as
the old, who rebels at the employ ment %
the foreigner. This is characteristic or
all classes, from the top To the bottom
In Turkey. as in Albania, at Prichtina.
for example only Albanans or Turks
may be coachmen. BARRIERS OF tobacco
merchants professions which are given
dignity TO which certain classes may not
aspire. These things are iff!cu!t-perhaps
impossible-to change.
The author declares that il there is IN
Ottoman empire it does not follow that
there is Turkish empire, and for the
reason that the Turk H. decided minor
ity in the empire. In support of this ar
eument lie cites the following figures
Turks 90OO.NN: Arabs. 1896. 0C0: Greeks,
100000; Aibanians, iBptU0; Armenians.
$1,000, Kurds, 1.JO0.0W: Bulgarans
100000: Seryians. T5o,W0: Israelites.
CSC 600; Berbers, and negroes from Tripoh.
7i;oGel koutzo- Wallacks, 4O0.0W: divers
nationalities and foreigners, 2GO0.G6; to-
tai. 30, l66.WU.
The Turk. therefore. counts but for
little more than one-third Of the popula-
ton.
NJ. Cheradame affirms that Ottoman
ISM Turquism and Pan-Islamism are
deadly isms, because they
ReactionarY tend to lead Turkey back
to regime OF absolut-
AnnuehceS. ism and oppression. and
finally to foreign intervention. A goodiy
number of educated and reflective Turks