davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-12-06
TAFT is IN FAVOR OF
MAKING TRUST LAW
MORE DEFINITE
Would Specifically Denounce
Unfair Competition by Add
ing an Amendment.
PRESIDENT UPHOLDS
TRUST LAW AS WHOLE
Urges Voluntary Incorporation
of Interstate Corporations To
Be Revised by Federal Board.
POINTS FROM PRESIDENTS
MESSAGE ON THE TRUSTS

II has been said that the supreme
court by Introducing into the con-
structivn of the Sherman antitrust
statute distinctions has emascuIated
H. This In obviously untrue.
4 reasonable restraInt of trade M
common law u well understood and
In clearly defined. u does not rest
In the discretion of the eours. II
must be limited 90 accomplish the
pui pose OF lawful main contract.
when vtointions of the antitrust
law become deliberate defiance Of
the statute We can be confident that
turies VIII convict individuals and
that Jail sentences will he Imposed.
L. IL only when competition L.
stined, actual and potential, and n
monopoly L. established that the
antitrust net L. violated. Mere size
~ no sin against the law
The Adiscussions that have been
brought out la recent days by the
fear of the continued execution of
the antitrust law have produced
nothing but Summarizing generaII-
ties, and have offered no line OF dis
dnrtiOn or rule Of action ms Definite
ana ms clear ~ that which the
prcme court itself lays down I'm en-
forcing the statute.
sec NO Obje ctIon--and indeed I
can see decided advantages, In the
enactment OF law which shall
describe and denounce methods of
competition that are unffS-
These methods sb0ufn ne de-
scribed with sufficient accuracy In
criminal statue on the one hand
to enable the government 90 shorten
Its tssk by prosecuting single mis-
'denennors instead of nm entire
conspiracy, md on the other hand
90 serve the purpoSe Of pointing out
more iu detail 20 the business COM
munity what must he avoided.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-12-06
UP TO BRITAIN TO SHOW
SINCERITY, HE SAYS

BERLIN. Dec. 5.-Chancellor Beth
mann Hoifweg, in the Reiehstag to-
day, declared the fatherland would
never permit itself to be showed aside
or pressed down by Great Britain in
diplomatic dealings. He replied to
the statement of Sir Edward Grey,
British foreign minister, who ex-
pressed the hope that better relations
would exist between Great Britain and
Germany
Bethmann-Hellweg Joined Sir Ed
ward in this sentiment. -but minated
that Germany felt II was up to Great
Britain TO show sincerity in her policy
before more amlcable relations could
he hoped for.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-12-06
OF NATIONAL REPUTATION GOOD FOX VOTES

votss
ing"ay Auburn Brana Cannea
nes, save Wrappers ISo
Poienta lsoIied Oats, save
Deck. PoIenta Rallied oats. save
seek. stone Ground oatmeal. save
"wnr Creamery Butter. save wrap
S.ssr Anne Soap. save wrapper. $50 50
..x. I'M. washing powder.
heads .................. IOo
Ssussn Anne scourer, SAFE heads IOu
Ssnpornted Mia. save N
sphins Brana s .,... 49,. 90 asa i.s
'pnnH Srnnd Lxrrnct., save car
Lee = oady'. Powdered sus... save -
coiambia brand carraai.. saw.
front carton. NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. g
White LII, brand Asparagus, say.
Pans, brand Raisin., save c.rtca
. fronts ..................... zoe
N-l.I-Cin Gum. save outside wrs>-
True MIN. -. ';...,...;;...,.,:.- &C. es
Mantle, save carton. -. 100 :. 2ss
Denudoin's Mustard, Catsup, Binfng
and Horscrnalsh, save labels. IDe
bordca"s Potato chips, save wrap
shsiiI's Wrapped Cakes, pure, clean,
iicious, wholesome cakes I'm wrap
PersJ save wrappers. 100 and 1So
Osn-nnH saited reznuts and hut
trrscofch, save carton ..........4 90
La As0rs Cigars, save banda 90 aud 1Oo
Mall P"uch Tobacco. save front OF
San Toy Toilet Water. saw: ear.
TON 90 10 tvuu
snn Toy Perfume, save carton. 500
10 s.s. .i0Oo
san Toy Talcum. save box. 15o
sonp-a-side, save coupon. .I0e to 25o
Grand Laundry, save laundry slips.
Ola customers one vote for each
cents new customers, 10 votes foe
cnch cent.
Townr's MIX. New customers on pur-
chase OF e worth OF tickets shows
by receipt stampedI new eustOmer.
kuOO votes.
}. Caiverts sons, coal and coket save
drivers delivery slip. Old customers
500 votes per toni new customers
1000 votes per ton, on hard coal
nnd coke only.
Michael Mcnamara varnish WORKS.
Hart stein FfnishI save labels. ESQ,
sou. I.550 and 1880 votes
Gripneil Bros' Pianos. save purchase
slips ON Grinncl1 Bros own make
only. Ten votes for each cent paid
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-12-06
r. 4. BALDWIN Leaves city.

Frank G. baldwin. well-known
architect i'm Detroit for the past is
years. left Monday night with his fam
lily. for Washington, d. c., where he
will make his home hereafter. II IS
understood he Will retire from busl-
ness Mr. Baldwin has been a mem
Der of the city plan and Improvement
commission and president OF the De-
troit Society Of Arts ana Crafts. MT.
Baldwin was rendered farewell dln-
ner by IS OF his associates. in the
Detroit club.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-12-06

Jeii-o,, The Dainty Dessert, save
front Of carton ....... 10y
Nrro Corn syrup, save red labet. .oo
INnro Corn syrup, save biue label. iVo
Nnssford Corn starch, save nont ,oo
ArEo uio.. stsras. save entire ear ~
Minute Tspioea, save entire car an
on .......'.. $4,000
Dunnnm's Original Cocoanut, save
front Of carton. ................- Aov
Rnnkers Premium Baking Choco. 80
late, save wrapper. 100 ana ~
Hun<ePs- Nigh Grade BreakfsH
Cocoa. save tin tops. ..'..... NV
Rnnkers Cocoa, labeled tins. save ,.o
labels --............. 100 anu sou
Runker. Dairy MIX Chocolate .o
Runkeps Almond MIX Chocolate. 40
save wrapDers-.. 49,.
Runkers Vienna sweet Chocolate nm
save wrnppers.... .......,.,' a.
Calumet linking Powder, save -. .no
- DrhS slips. ~"
Norton's Free Running Salt save 90
front carton .............'... 80
Fort Huron Triangle salt, save e1a ,oo
DON ............-.
2bO, 600. 1000
Bonr's San Mario Conee. save .oo
po.r,. piIo, c;:c.. ..y. wrappers 2sO
Hours Conoueror, steel cut ssve an
Bours Royal Garden Coffee, save ...o
wrapper ............ '''...s
Hours Old Master Coffee, save oo
,N.appsr ',...,..
Tours Royal Garden Tea. save .,,o
wrapper ........s... @"o ~ '
Parson's Household Ammonia! save ,,o
Franco-Americ:n FOOD Products,
save labels. ..iW 70 WV
Uncle SANS Macaroni, Spaghetti.
Egg Noodles, save entire car
n.
A-lstos Flour, save sack. 800 10 oo"o
mxby Shoe Polish, save carton,
SO ca 100
R.a Hen uoia..e.. save label. 100
Ginger Cake MoIasses, save label. 100
Flash Cleaner, save top OF can. =. 100
saginaw Tip Match, save coupon. 90
King q Matcs, save 'front.' OF car
ton, enclosing three boxes...... 800
UncIc Jerry Pancake Flour, save
frcnt of cnrtcn .......'..... IOO
Dufch Tea Rusk, save wrapper. 100
W rfsley's OlIviio Toilet soap, save
HeydfnEway SURPRISING Brand Can
ned Goods, save wrapper. 100
Hemingway Alpine brand Canned
Goods, save wrappers. .....' 100
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-12-06
Administrative Expert,
Needed 10 Aid Courts In Trust
DissOIutfOns.

The drafting of the DEGREES in the
dissolution OF the present trusts, with
view to their reorganization into
legitimate corporations, has made IL
especially apparent that the courts are
not provided with, the administrative
machinery TO make the necessary in
quiries preparatory TO reorganization.
or to pursue such inquiries. and they
should be empowered TO invoke the aid
OF the bureau OF corporations in de-
termining the suitable reorganization
OF the disintegrated parts The circuit
court and the attorney-general were
greatly aided In framing the decree in
the tobacco trust dissolution by an ex-
pert from the bureau OF corporations.
Federal COrpOrnIiOn Commission Pro-
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-12-06

The effect OF these two decisions has
led to DEGREES dissolving the combina
ton OF manufacturers OF electric
lamps. southern wholesale grocers'
association. an interlocutory decree
against the powder trust with direc-
lions by the circuit court compelling
dissolution, and other combinations OF
a similar history are now negotiating
with the department of Justice looking
TO disintegration by decree and re-
organization in accordance with law.
IL seems possible 20 bring about these
congratulations without general busi-
ness disturbance
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-12-06
posed.

do not set forth in detail the terms
and sections OF a statute which might
supply the constructive legislation per :
hitting and aiding the formation Of
corporations. They should be subject
to rigid rules as to their organiza
tton and procedure, including effective
publicity, and to the closest supervi-
sion as TO the issue OF stocks and bonds
by ar executive bureau or commission
in the department OF commerce and La :
Dor, to which In times OF doubt they
might well submit their proposed
plans for future business,-It must be
distinctly understood that incorpora-
ton under a federal law could not eN-
empt the company thus formed and
Its fncorporators and managers from
prosecution under the antitrust law
for subsequent illegal conduct but the
publicity OF its procedure and the OPP
portunity for frequent consultation
with the bureau or commission in
charge of the Incorporation as to the
Legitimate purpose OF its transactions
would offer IL as great security against
successful prosecutions for violations
of the law as would be practical or
wise
Such a bureau or commission might
well be invested also with the duty
already referred to. Of aiding courts In
the dissolution and recreation Of
trusts within the law. IL should be
an executive tribunal OF the dignity
and power OF the comptroller Of the
currency or the Interstate commerce
COmIni ssion. which now exercise SUI
pervisory power over important classes
or corporations UNDER federal reguia-
ton.
The drafting OF such FEDERAL Incor-
poration law would offer ample oppor-
tunity 10 prevent many manifest evils
In corporate management today. in
GLIDING irresponsibillty Of control in
the hands OF the few who are not the
real owners.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-12-06
IncorporatIon VoInntary.

i recommend mat the federal char
terS thus TO he granted shall be vol
untary. at least until experience justi-
hes mandatory provisions The benefit
to he derived from the oDeration Of
great businesses under the protection
OF such charter would attract all
who are anxious 10 keep within the
lines OF the law other large combI-
nations that fail 20 take advantage OF
a right complain II their failure " as
cribed 20 unwillinRness TO submit their
transactions TO the careful official
scrutiny. competent supervision and
publicity atteutlan ne upon the enjoy
ment Of such a charter ygtsa s.-s.
Only supplemental Legislation, Needed.
The opportunity thus. suggested for
federal incorporation, " seems TO me.
Is suitable constructive Legislation
needed 70 facilitate the. squaring Of
great Industrial enterprises to the rule
OF action lafd down by the antistru
law. This statute az construed by the
supreme court must continue 20 be the
lire OF distinction for legitimate busi-
ness ~ must be enforced unless we
are 10 Danish indiyidualism from ali
business and reduce " TO one common
system Of regulation or control OF
prices like that which now prevails
with respect TO public utilities and
which when applied 30 all business
would I've a long step toward state So
ciElism.
Importance 90 the 4atI-trust Act.
* The antitrust act In the, expression
or the effort Of a freedom-lovinRp people
TO preserve equality OF opportunity. 1t
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-12-06
New Remedies Suggested.

Much is said OF the repeal OF this
statute and OF constructive. legislati on
intended to accomplish the purpose
and blaze q clear path for honest mer-
chants and business men 10 follow. IT
may be that such plan Will he evolv-
ed, but I submit that the discussions
which have been brought out In recent
days by the fear Of the continued exc
cution Of the antitrust law have pro-
duced nothing hut glittering general
ties and have offered no line OF dis
tinction or rule OF action as definite
and as clear as that which the SUI
preIne court itself lays down in enforc-
Ing the statute.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-12-06

The complaint is made or the statute
that IL is not sufficiently definite in it's
description of that which is forbidden.
to enable business men TO avoid its
violation. The suggestion Is, that we
may have combination OF two cor
porations which may run on for years,
and that subsequently, the attorney
general may conclude that II was "A
violation Of the statute, and that which
was supposed by the combiners to be
innocent then turns out TO be com
bin5 ton in violation OF the statute.
Tho answer 10 this hypothetical case
Is that when men attempt TO amass
sucn stupendous capital as will enable
them to suppress competition, control
prices and establish a monopoly, they
know the purpose OF their acts Men
do not do such a thing without having
IL clearly In mind II what they do is
merely for the purpose OF reducing the
cost OF production. without the thought
of suppressing competition by-use- of
the bigness Of the plant they are Gre
Bting. then they can not he convicted
at the time the union Is made. nor can
they be convicted later. unless IL hap
pen that later on they conclude TO sup
LresS competition and take the usual
methods for doing so. and thus estab-
lish for themselves a monopoly. They
can. i'm such a case. hardly complain IL
the motive which subsequently Is dis
closed is attributes by the court TO the
original combination
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-12-06
Supplemental Legislation Needed-No
Repeal or Amendment.

I see no objection-and indeed can
see decided advantages--in the enact
ment OF a law which shall describe and
dencunce methods OF competition
which are unfair and are badges OF
the unlawful purpose denounced In the
antitrust law The ATTEMPT and pur-
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-12-06

IL Is not the purpose OF the statute
10 contscate the property end capita
OF the OFFENDING trusts. Methods 81
punishment by fine or Imprisonment
OF the individual offenders by fine o.
the corpor alton or by forfeiture OF 80
goods In transportation. ate provided
hut tho proceeding in equity Is spe
chic remedy TO stop the operation 81
the trust by Injunction and preven
the future use OF the plant and cap
Ital In violation OF the statute
The Washington herald., 1911-11-05
PEACE ADVOCATES
WILL MEET TO-DAY
Notable List of Speakers Has
Been Arranged.

The Washington Peace Society, an or
ganization which seeks to combine all
similar organizations in this country and
ultimately establish an international or
ganization, will hold its first public meet
ing this afternoon at 8 o'clock, in First
Congregational Church, Tenth and G
streets northwest. Me3prominent in the
movement since the time of Its inception
have been invited to address the assem-
blage.
President Taft, Andrew Carnegie, and
other famed disciples OF worldwide peace
have given their Endorsement TO the
Washington organization.
The speakers will be P. P. ClaxtOn,
United States Commissioner OF Educa-
ton; John Barrett, director Pan-American
Union; o. P. Austin, chief Bureau of
Statistics, Department of Commerce and
Labor; Dr. William NJ. Davidson, super
intendent of schools; DR.. Thomas Nelson
Page, Mr. William Knowles Cooper, gen.
eral secretary Y. NJ. c. A; DIR. Benja-
min F. Trueblood. secretary American
Peace Society, and DR.. s. H. Woodrow,
pastor First Congregational Church.
officers of the society are: President,
willet NJ Hays, Assistant Secretary OF
Agriculture; vice president, DIR. S. H.
Woodrow; secretary, F. L. Siddons; treas
urer, George W. White. president Ma
tional Metropolitan Bank; chairman ex-
ecutive committee, Arthur c. Moses.
The Washington herald., 1911-11-05
WASHINGTON MARKETS.

Quotations given below are for large lots. JObOers
prIces are higher.
EGGs-Near-by fresh Virginia. 2saSO; West vir-
Einia and Southwest Virginia. Ha2s; Tennessee.
BUTTER-Elgin fancy, S5lEaA; Western hrsts Sla
AS2i1; seconds. 2sl5a2e4.
CHEEsE-New York State factory. new. lsHa
PoULTRY-ChIckens. per H., 12al3; hens per lbH.
IlA; roosters. per h.. Sac; turkeys per H., l5al6
DRESSED POULTRY-Hens. choice. per b.,
Is chickens per lb.. Bal5 roosters. per h., 10.
YEGETABLES-Potatoes. No. ]. per bus. 30;
sweet tN. c.. per bbl., LoOal.55; yams IN. C).
FER bbl. LOoal25; cabbages 100 lbs Local 3; onions
per bus. l.ooallo; caulifower, per bbl.. L5oa20;
eggplant per doz. S5a5O; lettuce IN. ". per bas-
ket. 5al25; cymblings per bbl, 50a75 string beaus,
per Dbl, L25al.50; peppers per bbl. 75al25; tonA-
toes, home grown. L25a2o; green corn, home grown.
cucumbers, per basket. l5Oa2OO celery. 2sa5O doa.
GREEN FRUITS-Apples, per bbl., l25aL0i
oranges. California, per box 5.5Oa6o; lemons, per
box, 5.5oa5T5: grapefruit per box, 4.5oa5o; pine
apples, l5Oa2oO; peaches per c-ate. L29e22'; pears
Keifer. Oaloo per bbl.; grapes. Niagara, per
basket, llal5; Concord. half cranberres, 2-quart
boxes. 25oa275 chestnuts per lh, 2a+
BAY AND STRAW-Hsy, Western No. ]. 9.5os
A.oo; No. 2 22OOa225O; mixed hay. 8noa2oo :
straw. rye. bundle. l2OoalSoo; machine thrash.
l6. 0oal700 straw wheat, per ton. ,s0oas0; straw
cat. per ton ll.0oal2oO
spring. per h. 5iha6; calves choice. per h.. s1s
medium, per Ib. slsas.
GRAIN-Wheat new, per bus, eoaS; corn,
shelled. old. per bus. 76as5; ear. Per bbl., 22oa
SOO oats Western white No. . per bus. Sass
oats mixed. per bus. 5la53; bran, per ton, 8.0o;
middling, per ton. 800
WooLSAND HiDEs-wool washed. free Of burrs,
per lb.. 2ia25; wool. unwashed, per h., %; hides
dry. per H.. l5aI5 Sceea htas=, h.. 10; caltsktn
green. each. l25al. 80.
SEEDS-Red clover. Per bushei. 2oOal2So; alsike
clover per bushel IL 5Oal225; white clover bush
el. 15ooa2O 4o crimson clover. 5T5aSOo; timothy per
b-sbe 7.5Oas 90; blue grass. per bushel. 325a3.75;
redtop grass. ls.0oa2On per 100 Ibs: alfalfa. per
buShel, lo.0Oalim.
The Washington herald., 1911-11-05
NATIONAL CITY TO
KEEP RIGGS BANK

New York, Nov. 4.-There were no nHw
developments in the National City BANS
situation to-day, but it was admitted that
the trustees of the holding company, that
IS, the National City Company, would
soon dispose of all the remaining blocks
of bank shares, with one possible excep-
tion. The bank which will in alls proba-
bility be retained in friendly hands IS the
Riggs National of Washington. of which
Milton E. Allies, former Assistant SEQ
retary OF the Treasury. is the active vice
president. Mr.. Allies is the direct repre-
sentative in Washington of the National
City Bank interests and the Riggs Ma
tional has for years represented the Wall
street institution in all Treasury business.
1t was admitted that the Riggs Ma
tional was too valuable a bank for the
National City to let go. and a man close
to the Rockefeller-VanderIip con-
tingent in the board said that II would
be retained by a syndicate or owned alb
solutely by a few of the directors. In
other words, the Washington bank will
not be held by the holding company. but
by inside interests" who can be de-
pended upon to retain the stock indef-
nitely and to conduct the bank in the
interests of the National City people.
No bank in the United States has any
thing like the Washington business that
the National City has. This is because
the National City has acted as virtually
fiscal agent for the government IN most
of the important bond operations Of the
last decade. 1t is also the largest single
depository of government money, and
transacts the Washington business for
hundreds of out-of-town banks that de-
pend upon 1t to represent them in all
Treasury matters.
The keenest interest was shown In the
move Of the National City Bank interests
to forestall unfavorable. action by the
government in the banks holding COM
pany project Dispatches were sent
everywhere last night giving the news,
and the large banks to-day received many
Inquiries from their interior correspond
ents asking for specific information. In
terests close to the small group OF men
who really operate the National City
Bank were believed to have received
word a few days ago that the Wicker
sham report could not be ignored by the
President, who probably would uphold
his law officer from a legal standpoint
II not for reasons OF public policy.
President Vanderlip, OF the bank who
went South last Wednesday, will prob
ably return in a few days. James Still
man, chairman of the board and the
largest shareholder. Is in Paris, but has
been in constant communication by cable
with those directing the holding company
negotiations in this city.
The Washington herald., 1911-11-05
NEW YORK PRODUCE,

New York. Nov. 4.-MILLFEED-steady:d demand
Is moderate. Spring bran. 800; standard middlinrs
E.s5; Western red dog. 32OO winter wheat bran, i,
lOOpound sacks, to arrive. a.Io; cty bran in bulk
$50
OATs-strong; trade dull No white, 52sS; No
white. 81: standard, 81. elevator basis ungradsd
On tracks. 521ka55.
FLOUR-Steady; less active. Kansas straigbts
49oa5.lo in sacks spring PATENTS 525a5T5, in bar,
rrls; spring clears. 44Oa46O; soft winter straghts
I5Oa47u
BUCKWHEAT FLoUR-slow and fiat. Cboics
to fancy mainly nominal at z-6oa2 S.
RYE FLoUR-Unsettled trade light. Choice
brands quoted at 4s0a5.35
C0RNMEAL-Steady; demand moderate Kiln.
dried for export, 365; coarsc meal, in bags, 55a
LEO.
HAY-Receipts, III tons: steady; inquiry is fair
Quotations are: For prime timothy, LIS; No. J.
80; No. 2, l2cal.25; No. ,, L1o.
STRAW-Strung; checking trade Long rye quoted
at IVOalS.
PORK-Easier; demand is moderate Mess. ls. T5a
l7.25: family. ls.5oa0.0 90 ...
BEEF-steady; business moderate. Packet I3ooa
$780,. family. Is 5oalL00 .
LARD-Firm; trade light Prime Western. sSi
refined continent, s75; South American. 1910; re,
fined Brazilian, in kegs, ll.4o;, oleoSteerine, sz
lard stearins quiet; New York. ioalpG.
The Washington herald., 1911-11-05
ANACOSTIA.

In order to furnish proper facilities
for the employees of the Washing
ton Ordnance and Steel Company, To-
Gated at Giesboro, just beyond Congress
Heights, the management is causing to
be erected a modern mess hall. capable
of accommodating its 500 employees. A
reading room will also be provided for
the use of the men.
Mr.. and Mrs Samuel r. Campbell, of
Mount View Place. were called to Della
ware the past week by the sudden death
of relative. ~
Mr.. and Mrs. Francis wahIer have
taken I'D their residence In Savannah
street, Congress Heights. Mrs. Waller
was formerly Miss Maude Richards, and
the couple were married recently In st.
Teresa's Church, Anacostia-
Notwithstanding the cold weather
there seems TO be no decrease In the
amount of building work being carried
on In this section, and according TO
present prospects. there will be much
activity during the winter months. ]. M.
Tolson is completing a modern bungalow
for Mr.. and Mrs. Ebert Pyles, the
former manager OF the Anacostia Brick
Company, just beyond Good Hope. WILL
lam Walthers, Is remodeling the front
entrances to his business houses in
Good Hope road. The promoters of the
new suburb Of Bradbury Heights report
that great deal Of building is in prog
ress there. Just as soon as the water,
sewer. and gas mains are extended into
the streets In Fairlawn It Is proposed to
commence the erection OF several resi-
dences. the finish to be pebble dash.
A. Z. Mckay is preparing plans for the
erection OF two residences In Fifth
street, Congress Heights, on land recent
" purchased from Edward J. New