davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-21

Forn<r Csverpsr vardsnsn ef
Mississippi in Unique Campaign

r0fn<S 00sefu0S ssree2a ~
Mississippi in Unique Campaign
Meridian. Miss James X. vsrta-
man rode IN chariot dfa~n by ;
100 oxen 10 spectacular parade
Wednesday The iofmer govern
or Is making tour Of Mississippi
10 the interest Of his candidacy
Tor the United States Senz.e.
Five brass bands. bIasisg inde-
peaden,ly lol one anoshe. could
scarcely be heard by the cheering
thoassnds. a. bodygusrd. 100
prominent citizens rode horse
back. Then came the vardaman
car. The great string Of ami
mails. all white. carried white
sireamers bearing the leeerd:
Vote for The shifc chiei!" and
Uphold the white South. !"
Ga the back Oh each OK was q
man. shrosded IN white. At each
animals head walked white clad
torch. bearer. Il sort OF throne
was erected in the OK wagon and
upon this SAT- Nardaman Tho
candidate was in Immaculate
white linen and had big white
hat. Ills lorg hair fell free doan
his shoulders and was set Oh by
the linen.
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-21
Calendar For 1911.

ST. Moriah Missionary Baptist
church, %, and Poplar Streets, Cairo,
Ill. preaching every Sunday at 1900
a. m. and $50 p. N. Sunday school at
1880 p. m prayer meeting every
Wednesday at 800 p. m; teachers
meeting Thursday $500 p. m. Trustees
meeting Monday evening at 500;
deacon's board meeting Wednesday
night before the LIST Sunday in each
month.
Rev j. II. Knowles, ID. D.
Pastor.
Mrs. J. e. Webb.
Clerk.
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-21

Of the Livingston Normal. Theology
cal and industrial Institute.
III. Knowles, d. D., President
j. B. McCrsry, 8. T. B., Secretary
IT, @. Yancy, treasurer
g. B. Kerr, A1ofney-
Rev. |. w. Winston.
F. Robinson
Colfax Morris
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-21

AL Bradshaw was arrested last
Saturday at CartesyiIle for taking
a drink on a street car. He was
taken over to Marion where he
pleaded guilty and was fined $40
and costs. lie paid up and was
released Xxx.
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-21

Conductor Tickef. please" Pas.
seng1r--~certalny air Here II the key
OF my trunk. which IL In The bsggase~
car. In the pocket Of my second best
dress il my mileage book"--liarrers
i3azar.
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-21

Al asp~ciai election last Saiur-
day the ciiix.ns Of Marion voted
20 build q school for the negroes.
The proposition carried by a
vote OF ass Tor and 81 against.
Ex.
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-21

Many editors. il IS to be feared
tolerate the delinquent subscribers
on the mistaken idea OF showing
as large a subscription list as
possible Bot in this respect
times have changed. the adver-
tiser OF today does not serufin'ze
so much the size OF a paper S sub
seription list as he does the eharac-
ter Of il. He knows that man
who will not pay for newspaper
will not pay dry goods or
grocery bill. lie looks fer quaint
ity American Press.
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-21

rysii--y'slnce ! have come back
find that I'm forgotten BIZ AL my
friends" wiil--~why didn't you Dor.
row money fran Them beiore you
Ieftg"
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-21

II yoI would have a good heal
thy paper. one that is reliable and
s.ways out on time, and full OF
news. patronize the Gazette with
your JOB work aid subscribe Tor
13 ,ssst.-
the pa r
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-21
} B. Mccrary, sec'y.

Let US have that job work the
latest and improved machinery
and bran new faces IN tyee.
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-21
ADVERTISING RATES.

sven cents IN inch tor e2oh insef'aon w
monthiy oontrscts
. cents an inch for hrst page eecn insess'0a
on nrsuthiy oontraes.
educ en- per cent from aD"ss w
yesriy contracts.
One insertion only, Twelve Gents an INCA
ON /, insertion on drst psge Fifteen Genus an
inch
eyescyed position on any page twenty-five pes
oeu6 additional.
Display advertisements changed - onsn -
desired.
xsa<l1ng Notices, Tsa Cents line for nirss M
sertion and Five Gents line for escn
subsequent inssrtio. of the same nos'oe.
% yearly sootrAot~. . rate Of Five Gem" "ns
Cor each insertion will be made.
ard OF Thanks one doilAr.l
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-21
GOLCONDA.

towns within the past two weeks,
Dewmaine Carbondale. Murphy
boro, Mt. Vernon. Marion. Pulas-
XII and Mound City and proud TO
say that the churches are doing
nicely both religously. and hnan-
cially. Rev. Blown and Rev.
Paris Of Murphysboro. handed
their 90 each for church build
ing fund, also Rev Armstead. OF
who has already CONSTRUCTED a.
bout for state home, and. foreign
mission there are several others
that have given ali the way from
S. 90 to SIS 90 this does not in
clude the 81. co church building.
but aside from the Ed c. {. Barn
es OF Md City. said Eld. Phillipssi
have been looking Tor you and
ready for you. am in line with
tho work, Elder Braddock. Oneal,
Lyon and Rev. X. Stoyal all fell
in line. Rev. Stovall met Us AZ
the train at 6:3o on just on the
eve OF our leaving the city said
give me credit for 81 90. ] must
| join the band. there has been =
a mber OF others that have joined
tho ministers. and lay members
Missionaries move their names.
will appear in due t.ms. Upon
our arrival we found letter from
Mrs. Sneed. oil Murphysbcfo.
which contained s. Is. II must
be remembered that Mr. Snesd
does not belong to the church. on
,Iy his wife. and daughter Isn't thai
people awakening up all over the
district, as TO what the Lord
would have them do. il used &c
lbe when cali was made for mis-
sion work that deacon or preach
er would take the floor. and cry
aloud the church in her own sovsr.
ign and don't have to unless she
want to, the sinner don't have to
go TO heaven unless he wants TO,
| l, is his province to 60 TO hsi
I;s he wants. be. 20 obey that Cos
pei shall mean heaven. And an
other house bis word use 20 BE-
Charity mast begin at home
THAT is quite true But II 4 does
not spread abroad that Is strong
evidence, that there Is no charity
at home. There is none but the
most illitcfats. and selfish that
will cling TO that nonsensical idea
now. IL is but a selfish idea. OF
an extreme ignoraace for persons
to argue that sort oil stuff, in this
Iillumined age. The soyeringty
OF the church is TO do just what
Jesus says do. That is the su-
preme Mission and power OF the
church. and to say we cant do Il
is TO say that Jesus commanded.
the churches do what IL can mol
! DO. And to say that means tn
charge him with fol'y. The Ant
missionaries that are following the
| Associations and Conventions foi
the fish and Ioaves will soon be
regulated 10 the rear. where they
justly belong in TACT they belong
| 10 the hard shells.
Missionary Baptist the land
justly belongs to you. lat US &c
up and possess it, Let US strive
to reach the $500 FIVE hundred
dollar mark at the Association al
Brookport this year
Respectfully,
C c. Phillip. Supt OF missions
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-21

The last examination Tor the
summer will be heid At Metropolis
July 7sth. zad zosh. All teach
ers will please hnish their work al
that time.
w "A spence.
Co. Supf.
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-21
SAID ureIs slias:

There's this Offence between .
thirsty dog an a thirsty man-a
thirsty dog knows wien 1t has bad
eDough."
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-21

Mrs. M. ]. Blake. is The mis-
sionary for the Woman Educa-
tional and Mission Convention.
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-21
Good Advice.

Since thou art not sure Of minute.
40 not throw away az boar rzrE.in.
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-21

E~You must mail copy on
Mondays to secure publication.
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-21
1911

Enterered as second-class mail mat
ar. at Metropolis, Illinois, Postofice'
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-21

Co. ssp,.
Metropolis weekly gazette. (Metropolis, Ill.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-21

"A A ddrsss all communications to J b.ho
nARY. BOX io7 Metropolis, illinois,
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07
KEEP FEEDING PALS CLEAN
Farmers Do Not Pay Enough Atten-
ton to Sanitary Condition of YES
sells Used for Feed.
(By M. ]. THOMPsON.)

CBy M. ]. THOMPSON)
One of our institute lecturers told
us last winter that we ought to rinse
out the pals after feeding the hogs,
every time. This seemed to me rather
far fetched at the moment, but the
more l think of it the more l believe
he is right. We do not pay enough
attention to the sanitary condition of
the vessels in which milk and other
feed for the hogs is kept. The hog is
a clearly animal when it can be, and
more than that pork is made for men,
women and children to eat. 1t should
be as sweet as possible and free from
any disease producing element. 1t
cannot be If we feed the hogs from
vessels that contain left over feed that
a become our and rancid from heat
and exposure to the air. We sold IA
pigs that averaged ITO pounds to the
local butcher last winter and when
he came out to look them over he
remarked that they were the ~cleanest
lot of pigs he had bought for months.
He also complimented us on the clean
feeding pens and their surroundings.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07
Capons Pay Best.

A few years ago capons were sell
dom found on sale except in some
Of the more exclusive markets, in
the largest cities. This was largely
because poultry raisers have only in
recent years learned that caponizing
insures not only a higher price per
pound for their fowls, but an increase
In weight for each bird. A capon not
infrequently attains a weight of from
fourteen to sixteen pounds, or prac-
tically twice that of the ordinary
rooster of the same breed. And with
other conditions similar the meat is
always sweeter, always tender and
usually just fat enough to make a
good appearance and readily salable
at from four to six cents a pound
above that of ordinary poultry.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07
MAKE CONCRETE WATER TANK
One in Use at the Michigan Aerlcul-
tural College Is Made of Ordinary
Hollow Blocks.

To water the large herd of stock
kept by the Michigan agricultural col
lege a big concrete water tank was
built. This is made out of ordinary
hollow concrete blocks of standard
size, which were cast for a silo. They
are well cemented on the inside to
make the tank waterproof, says the
Farm and Home.
A novel arrangement on the tank is
a device for heating the water in
winter. A 12-inch tile extends to the
center of the tank, while a 4-inch pipe
leading up from this furnishes the
necessary flue. A crate is fitted in
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07
TWO CAUSES OF LlMBERNECK
Usually Brought by Fowls Eating De.
cayed Meat Full of Maggots-AIso
by Ptomaine Poison.

Limberneck is an infection that is
usually caused by fowl eating decayed
meat full of maggots. Some assert
it Is also a result of ptomaine poison
ing. The remedy is ~turpentine, and
the following is a good treatment:
Mix a tablespoonful in an equal
amount of warm water, and pour into
the crop. Follow by filling the crop
nearly full with warm water, and
then. holding the fowl by the feet,
head down, gently work out the e
tire contents. When thoroughly
cleaned give a tablespoon of castor
oil and allow the fowl to remain quiet
by itself until recovered. To prevent
this trouble, at least once a week
make a careful inspection of the range
to see that no dead, decaying animal
bodies are laying about breeding mag.
gots.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07
Ration for Lambinq Ewes.

For pregnant eve there is nothing
better than good oats. In making up
a ration, barley, oats and corn alone
will do, when bean pods can be also
fed twice daily.
It is a ommon error among farm
ers to neglect the yves after the
mating period, and to allow them to
become reduced in flesh. The flesh
condition of the W has a marked eff
feet on her offspring. Improper feed
ing during the winter months is often
the cause of weak and sickly lambs
in the spring.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07
Well Cured Hams and Bacon.

The men who are curing hams and
bacon as their grandfathers did with
out the use of injurious chemicals are
making big money.
These men find ready sale at full re-
tail prices for all the hams, shoulders
and bacons they can supply to private
customers.
1t is a fact that most of the ham
that is now sold in the city markets
stiffens and becomes as hard and un-
yielding as an oak plank as oon as it
becomes hot on the broiler or the
skillet. This is due to improper
curing.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07
FEEDING Whole Grain.

The whole grain should be strewn
among some light litter, like leaves
or cut straw, so that the birds must
scratch for all they get. This exer-
else is needed. The grain should be
given at least an hour before time for
them to go to their roost, SO that
ample time is given them to hunt. If
thus fed in a scratching shed the
fowls will continue their search the
next morning at break of day, and
the attendant will find them hard at
work when he comes around to give
hem their breakfast.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07

Regularity in feeding should be the
plan.
The Len that will not scratch is not
a well one.
1t is generally estimated that broil-
ers shrink about I. half pound when
dressed.
Poultrymen make a regular practice
for their laying hens.
The best food for sitting hens is
whole corn, with plerty of pure wa
ter, grit and charcoal.
A loafer in the hen house is not
a desirable companion for good,
strong, healthy, busy h is.
If there are two toms in the flock
and they don't agree, shut up one one
day and the other the next.
Nothing gives a chick a worse set
back than pining fer food.
Duck raisers pack 40 dressed duck
l:ngs in a barrel for shipment.
The turkey hen that ranges far
from the barn is likely to steal her
nest a long ways from home.
Costly houses for the poultry are
not essential, but they should be
warm, dry and free from drafts.
Caponi1ing is performed when the
birds are about two or three months
old-before the comb develops.
Make friends of your turkeys, so
far as you can, and = will aid you
considerably in caring for them.
Capons weighing six pounds COM
mand earliest sales, but best prices
are paid for nine and ten pound
birds.
The manager of one o. the largest
duck farms says that an expert can
scald and dress a Cuckling in ten
minutes.
The critical period of the turkey is
the first eight weeks of its life. About
4S eggs is the average yearly record
of the hen.
Be sure that the turkeys have
enough, but not too much food during
the breeding season-just enough to
keep them in good flesh.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07
TRAP NEST EASILY WORKED
Simple Continuance Is Operated by
Weight of Hen-FowI Is Re-
moved From the Top.

In the illustration herewith is shown
the simplest form of trap nest imag-
Unable, says the Orange Judd Farmer.
The hen alights on the running board
and walks toward the nest. When
she approaches the point e her weight
depresses that end of the board and
disconnects the support D, which
falls of it's own weight. Then when
she steps into the nest, the board
being heavier on the outside and
hinged at A, tips until the opening to
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07
LIVESTOCK
GSNOTES0

A dairy farm of a dozen COWS can
maintain a flock of Is or 20 sheep
almost without expense.
The real value of a sheep cannot be
determined, particularly as a breed
err, until it is one year of age.
1t is common ems that a mature
SOW will produce larger and more per-
feet pigs than a very young one.
If a W keeps her lamb in fine fat
condition up to the time of weaving,
be sure she Is a good mother, and
keep her.
Free range for hogs does not mean
that they should be allowed to run in
the highways and through the neigh
bors' fences.
Some people claim that a hog is a
s%cavenger by nature, but he certainly
thrives better on clean feed and de-
cent surroundings.
Remember that colts which are
highly fed and growing fast need daily
exercise to keep their limbs and Joints
in proper condition.
Do not change the work horses from
grain to grass too suddenly. In fact
horses on heavy work every day
should have very little grass.
Every enclosure for the hog should
be perfectly tight and with the ex-
cellent wire fences that are now manu-
featured this is an easy matter.
Horses that are clipped dry off fast
at night, which is to be preferred to
standing in a heavy wet coat of hair.
Do not attempt to raise fall pigs
without having first prepared a per-
feet system of housing for the winter.
If English farmers can afford to use
| pure bred draft horses that are worth
$500 for ordinary farming operations
why cannot our farmers afford them
as we'll?
Spring pigs can get along very we'll
without shelter except from rain until
fall. then if you are so shiftless as
to fail to provide shelter they are bet
ter able to stand cold and rain.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07
CLEAN WATER FOR PJuLlhr
Drinking Fountain So ARRANGED That
Hens Cannot Scratch Litter
and Dirt Into Pan.

When the hens are shut up in the
house, they are very apt to scratch
dirt into the drinking pan and also to
muddy up same, by standing in it
with their feet. By using about
twelve 11-inch lengths Of heavy wire,
the wire protector shown in illustra-
ton a be easily and simply made.
The wire is Joined together at the top
by winding with a piece of m~alleable
wire, and the wires are then bent
outward in the form shown at the bot,
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07
Ehsee,ss snfis h..gfh

each pen is 6xS, all doors one row on
wall, one window for each pen on
south side and a continuous row of
two feet high window sashes on south
pitch of roof, the rafters on the north
side to be sufficiently long to project
far enough to allow room for win
dows between edge and south slope
of roof; about two windows on each
end of house.
1t will be best for the doors
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07
A-Shaped Coop.

pieces nailed on the front side are
three inches apart. Ordinarily a
coop of this kind is made with a
floor, although this is not absolutely
necessary. If it is not hoored care
must be taken to have it placed where
water will not enter in case of heavy
rains.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07
Missouri Mule.

The 1,40O pound Missouri mule is
becoming a popular draft animal on
the thoroughfarca Ct New York city.
He is tough, eats less than the horse
of the same weight, and If sound will
sell fer $500 or better.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07
PRACTICAL HOG HOUSE PLAN
Partitions Between Pens Made Remov-
able So That Two or More Can
Be Made Into One.

The following plan for a hog house
and the accompanying illustration was
submitted to the Homestead by Mr..
Martin N. Hanson. Iowa county. Wis
consin. The building is 22x36x7, out
side walls constructed of brick double
wall), partitions made of planks fast
ened to 2x4s and 4x4s. Partitions be-
tween the pens to be removable so
that with little work two or more pens
can be made into one. The size OF
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07
Remedy for Swollen Legs.

Many of the swellings on the limbs
of horses can be prevented by the
proper amount of exercise. Do not
keep the horse standing in the barn
without exercise and expect it to re-
main free from swollen limbs.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07

tom, bent so as to fit into the drinking
water pan and remain upright. This
leaves ample room for the hens to
reach the water to drink. but pre-
vents their getting into the pan. BY
setting the pan on a platform about
ten inches above the floor it will be
out of the way of litter when the
hens are scratching.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07
Precautlon Means Much.

Precaution in all things means much
In the successful raising of poultry.
If the hen house door is left open.
even for one night, a mink or weasel
may make a cleanup and slaughter
the entire Aock.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07

All men may be liars, as the good
book says, but the baseball umpire is
a burglar, highwayman, a safe blower
and an undesirable citizen besides.
His villainy is proclaimed unto the
world from the ides of April until
the ides of October.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07
COOP FOR HENS AND CHICKS
Common A-Shaped Affair is Easily
Constructed and Can Be Made
Without Any Floor.

The accompanying Illustration
shows a common A-shaped coop used
for hen and chickens. 1t is quickly
and easily made, says the Homestead.
AS shown in the illustration it Is three
feet wide, two feet from front to
back and two feet high. The cross
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07
Corn and Plymouth Rocks.

A hen should not have a very
great quantity of corn. 1t soon makes
her too fat. This is especially true
Of the larger fowls. The Leghorn is
more of a runabout and seldom gets
toe far for good laying, but Plymouth
Rocks are not to be trusted with too
much corn before them.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07

A Rhode Island man run over by an
automobile climbed into the machine
and punched the chauffeur. Next
time that chauffeur may be expected
to be more careful in seeing that the
job is complete.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07

Professor Sargen: of the gymnasium
for women at Cambridge says woman
can stand more than man. Any man
of experience is willing to admit that,
but no mar of experience would dare
give as his reason what Sargent
says, that oma is a near-barbarian.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07

A Pennsylvania town has passed a
law prohibiting undertakers from do
ing business on Sunday. If we could
only pass a law preventing underta.
kers from working at any time there
would be no need TO combat race sui.
eide.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07

Wealthy men cannot always do as
they please. A judge wouldn't allow
Cornelius Vanderbilt to cross his legs
in court.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07
Water Tank for Stock Farm.

the tile to allow for a suitable draft,
and in the door which closes it is an
opening which a be opened or shut
at will. The braces which hold the
top in place also serve to support the
hinged doors, which are closed down
In cold weather.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07

1t Is estimated that over 100000
will be spent by Americans at King
Georges coronation. Why not have it
over here?
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07
Cure for Limberneck.

It is claimed that gum asafoetida
will cure limberneck. Give four or
five doses a day about as large as
the end of the little finger, force the
dose down the fowls throat. In a
day or SO the fowl should be we'll.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07

An American actress has become the
wife of an Egyptian prince, and will
have some justification for it if she
wishes to wear a harem skirt.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1911-07-07

We agree with the police that a
burglar who upset a lighted lamp
should be tried for criminal careless
ness lat least.