Newark post., 1911-08-02
Important Factors
In The Control Of
Orchard Diseases

DS convinced or the following +,
facts list. Plants are subject to
diseases. end. Plant diseases
cannot be effectively cured, but
they can be prevented, hence the
Importance to strive to protect |
the healthy plants. Here more |
than anywhere else, the dictum, !
"One ounce Of prevention is worth
two of cure" holds true. We cam
not administer drugs to diseased
plants, as in the case OF affected
animals. Plants do not possess a
complete system of circulation,
should we administer drugs to
them the cell sap will not carry
the chemicals to the affected parts
as the blood in the animal uo> ;.
Thus we have no means of reach
ing the parasitic organism and in
hibit its action when it has invaded
the interior of the plant tissue.
The following are effective
means used in controlling or
chard diseases, spraying, surgery,
sanitation, cultivation and selec-
ton Of immune varieties. Spray
ing.-We know that spores OF any
parasite can readily be destroyed
by means OF poisons. The plliloso-
ply Of spraying therefore consists
in coating the plant with a poison
which will inhibit any spore from
| terminating when falling on that
plant. Spraying also exercises a
manural action by increasing the
effect of any manure that may be
|applied. 1t is well known sact,
that the foliage of the sprayed
plants look brighter and healthier
than the unsprayed. Spraying to
be effective must be done thor
oughly. Every inch of the tree
must be coated with the fungicide,
for the spores of the parasites are
everywhere in wait upon the tree
ready to attack the young and Sue
culent leaf buds, and any unspray-
ed portion is likely to become a
source of infection. We must Sc
cure nozzle which produces the
finest possible spray, because the
finer the spray the better it ad-
, heres. AS to the time of spray
ing, the weather acts as a good
guide.
(Phyllosticta solitaria), bitter
rot, (Glomerella rufomaculans)
black rot (Sphaeropsis malorunD
etc. In such case more than one
n spraying will be necessary to con
troi all these diseases. Whether
we use Bordeaux $3.50, OF
Self Boiled Lime Sulphur Io-Ic
VI so, as Our fungicides, we are tc
spray as follows:
+. First application, before bios
|. SONS open; second, after petal
I. fall; third, 3 or 4 weeks later
;; fourth, about s weeks later thai
the third; fifth, about 3 weeks a;
ter the fourth application; sixth
(. about 3 weeks after the fifth appli
cation
k 1t should be added that with tn
y first three or four applications O
the fungicide, two lbs. OF lead ar
y senate should be added in orde
to control the coddling moth an
h many other insect pests.
Sometimes the grower is nc
troubled with so many fungus dis
eases as his orchard may suffe
from but one disease, consequent
( ly such applications as cited abov
4. will not be necessary, but they wi
vary with the nature of the fungus
4. Should we spray for bitter re
/, alone four applications would cor
h' troll it. The first application
+ applied about six weeks after tt
= petals have fallen, and then at II
n tervals of two to three week
What holds true for the bitter re
also holds true for the control
n the blotch. (Phyllostica solitaria
". If space permitted, further da
llee' could be given to show that IL
" success with spraying depen'
of upon our knowledge of the Ii
histories of the diseased produ
H. ing organisms.
Surgery.-We know that Q
chard trees suffer not only fro
I" diseases affecting their leaves al
fruits, but also from cankers
their limbs and trunks. An e
ample of this is the dreaded fl
blight canker of the pear and a
pie, the bitter rot canker OF t
black rot or New York apple tr
'c. canker. 1t was definitely prov
L. L. a.na,;cn,c which ca11