davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-02-21

ed TO care for such loading. using
any or the applicable formulate
prepared for such cases, and as
set forth In Standard Text Books
on Steel Framed Structures. 81
All connections must be de-
signed 10 safely transmit the
superimposed loads
Rivets should be used for ali
shop work and for all heid work
where practicable.
care must be taken TO have ali
bolts In Joint I'm bearing Mt tha
same time, and the bearing OF the
threaded portions OF a bolt shall
not be taken into consideration I'm
Joint.
Sec. 7. BEAMS AND oIRDERs.
For beams and built-up Rlrders
the maximum fibre stress shall not
exceed one-quarter (h) OF the
breaking stress OF the material
following formulas:
My
L
Fibre stress In pounds per
square inch.
M=bending moment in inch
pounds.
assistance IN inches from CEN
ter OF gravity OF section to ex-
treme fibre.
I=moment OF inertia OF the net
cross section at the point In con-
sideration, In inches.
The compression fange Of n
beam or girder shall be considered
rs uuttng as column and shall
not be allowed to be unsupported
laterally for a distance exceeding
thirty (30) times In inches the
width Of the fiange in inches.
Plate girders shall be provided
with ample stiffeners to prevent
buckling OF the web.
Where one or more beam shapes
are assembled they are to be bolt
ed together with not less than
three-quarters l&) inch bolts
through cast iron or pipe separa-
standard shop practice
Where several pieces are used to
form one built-up member they
shall Mt tight together and be free
from twists. bends or open joints.
Sec. 8. COLUMNS AND COM
PRECISION MEMBERS. Rolled or
built-up steel columns shall be
designed TO have sufficient section
al area. SO that the stress In
pounds per square inch under max
imum loading shall not cxceed:
$4,000 lbs for length OF 60 radii
or under. &r
16,000-70 1-r for lengths over 50
radii.
Length OF column In inches.
r=the least radius OF gyration OF
the cross section OF the column In
inches.
Cast iron columns must have
sufficient sectional area so that the
stress In pounds per square inch
under maximum loading shall not
exceed.
For hollow round c. /. columns:
10000
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-02-21

Sec IL WIND PRESSURE. All
structures shall be designed TO re-
sist n horfzontal wind pressure of
thirty (30) pounds for every square
foot OF surface exposed, including
the roof.
In all structures exposed TO wind.
II the resisting moments or the
such as masonry, partitions. floors
and connections, are not SUFFICIENT
to resist the moment Of distortion
due TO wind pressure taken In any
direction on any part OF the struc-
ture. additional bracins shall De
the difference "a the moments.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-02-21

Sec. s. MASONRY. SAFE LOAD.
Allowable safe loads In tons per
square foot:
Brick work-Line mortar. seven
Gl tons per square foot.
Brick work--Lime and cement
Brick work--Lime and Portland
cement mortar. eleven (11) tons
per square foot.
Brick work.Portland cement
mortar. fifteen t16) tons per square
When the entire walls and piers
are built OF pressed or paving
brick. the loads may be increased
not to exceed twenty (2o) per cent
Bubble stone work-Lime NOR
tar nve CD tons per. square foot;
hubble stone work--Lfme and
cement mortar. six CD tons per
square foot.
Bubble stone work-Lime and
Portland cement mortar. seven (7)
tons per square foot
Bubble stone work-Cement,
eight 81 tons per square foot.
Bubble stone work-Portland
cement ten (10) tons per square
Concrete-Cement, eight (s) tons
per square foot.
Concrete footings-Portland ce-
ment. thirty 600 tons per square
Sec. 9. TERRA GOTTA. Terra
Gotta building blocks built in a
wall facing. plain or ornamental.
shall be homogeneous, well burn
ed and properly constructed with
webs. Such terra Gotta may be
loaded load fiye 90 tons per square
and eight (O tons per square foot
measured on the beds, when filled
solid with brick work or concrete
Sec; z. HOLLOW CONCRETE
BUILDING BLOCKS. Hollow con-
ed for In this ordinance. shall not
be loaded more than eight go tons
per superficial foot OF the net area
OF such blocks, Az .ct.e.tfps t3L4
0e Sec sSnasrf aofL eSssri Bfki ssSsl0 and
HOLLOW TILE. When, hard. hol-
low bricks are used as the inner
racing or brick wall. q proper
tionate reduction must be made for
tile blocks. whether vitrified, hard
or porous, and constructed with
sufficient webs. are used for build
Ing partitions or as enclosing walls.
the effective bearing parts Of the
eighty. ts0) pounds to the square
inch, for hard fire clay tiles: not
more than sixty (60) pounds to the
square inch for hard ordinary clay
tiles. and not more than forty (4O)
pounds to the square inch for por-
Gus tiles.
Hollow tile walls supporting
floor and roof construction shall
not be used I'm buildings over two
CD stories In height
Sec. g. REINFORCED CON-
CRETE Refer to Article XIII.
Sec. 10 WOOD UNIT STRESS
ES. The following unit stresses
OF pounds per square inch shall be
used for all wood aud timber con-
struction. based on the use OF
sound timber and free from any
defects that would impair It's
strength
Crushing Strength in Pounds Per
GxHa - -oH. T.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-02-21
Factor OF Safety.

The factor of safety to be used
depends upon the place where the
which comes upon Il, and the
quality OF the material. In no case
shall there be used q factor of
safety less than four (4) upon the
values herein given as &c" for
timber under Crushing Strength"
in pounds per square inch.
Where the length OF posts ex-
ceeds twelve G2) times the least
thickness for yellow pine. and ten
(1O) times for other woods, use the
following formulaes:
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-02-21
AHTlCLE n.
CALCULATIONS of Stresses. .

Section 1. CALCULATION OF
CONSTRUCTION. The stresses OF
materials hereafter used I'm the
construction OF buildings or struc-
lures, shall be the calculated
stresses due TO the dead load
plus the live load"
The allowable factors or units OF
safety. or the dimensions OF each
niece or combination of materials
reouired In a building or structure.
shall be ascertained by computa-
zion according to this ordinance.
Sec 2. TEST OF FRAMES.
when a test OK any framed struc-'
ture is required TO ascertain Its
nhvsical strength or Its resistance
10 Are, frost or water, such test
shall be made with full nnished
sizes. and a similar exposure as
their proposed use In the building
requires, and when the condition
for such tests are not estaonshed
in. tins, Ordinance. the method OF
the authorities prescribed In the
nrevious sections shall be followed.
sac a. FACTORS OF SAFETY.
LIN computing the working stresses
in the framing OF any building un-
less the safe loads are prescribed IN
mis- Ordinances, the following mini
mum factors OF safety shall be used;
For cast iron or steer suDJss, 70
compression or tension OF Trans
verse strains, 3.
For cast iron subject TO tension
Or transverse strains. 10.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-02-21

For east iron subject 10 compress
sion for plates and columns or or
binary or short length according
20 the uniformity OF the thickness
OF shell. 6 to y.
For cast Iron columns according
to the uniformity Of the thickness
For timber subject to tension
and transverse strain. Q.
For timber compressions In short
columns or posts, z.
For timber In long columns or
posts, g.
Natural or artincial stone on ma
For framed structures composed
OF two CD or more pieces OF the
same material. or combination
OF two cd or more pieces or diff
ferent materials. such as frames
OF all kinds, brackets. cantilevers.
trusses and arched floors. or trus-
sed, reinforced or armoreds concrete
floors combined with metal GRID
ers, beams or channels, under Or
binary loading OF buildings. 4.
For framed structures as above.
exposed to vibration OF machinery
or trucking. or shocks, or exposed
TO the action OF the elements, Z.
For floors or arch construction
OF brick. concrete or tile between
For floors OF reinforced or arm
orcd concrete construction between
beams, s.
For iron or steel In latticed or
open work columns or lattlced
beams or girders, when solidly
filled or encased -concrete,-ox-
tending at least two cd inches be-
yond the outer edge or faces or
the structural members with no
allowance for the concrete), 3,
Sec. 4. LENGTH OF COLUMNS,
POSTS AND PIERS. No free
standing or built-in column, post
or pier, shall exceed the following
proportions OF the least side or d.
ameter to the height without being
anchored. stayed or tied by beams
or girders In at least two CD di-
recUons, at right angles to each
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-02-21

sec. .. IhlShNEco Op WAAh<2-
The thickness OF walls for any
building where concrete blocks are
used, shall be the same as that re-
CURED for brick walls
Sec. Z FACING OF BLOCkS
Where the face OF the Nall only "
and the backing OF brick, the con-
, crete blocks must be strongly bond
ed TO the brick with ccncrete or
brick headers. projecting four 90
inches into the brick work. every
fourth (4th) course being a header
course. or bonded with metal wan
ties. spaced not 10 exceed eighteen
11s) inches In each direction.
Sec. S. MORTAR. All walls
where concrete blocks are used.
ment mortar, mixed with only SUI
ficent lime 10 make the mortar elas-
tic The cement shall be capablo|
of passing the minimum REQUIRE
ments OF Portland cement. az set
forth In this Ordinance
Sec. Z. AGE AND STRENGTH
OF BLOCKS. All concrete blocks.
before being used In the constitute
ton OF any building In the City OF
Detroit. must have attained the
age OF at least four 90 weeks and
no blocks shall be used, which ~
average crushing strength OF nj
teen hundred u.5oo) pounds per
square inch. and minimum sb-
sorption OF water. after forty
eight (4sl hours OF complete ina-
no case to exceed seven ca per
cent Blocks cured I'm steam may
be used at the age of three CD
Sec. T. BEAM AND eIRpER
beams or joists rest upon walls 30
that there In q concentrated load
on the blocks OF over four thou
sand $4,000 pounds, these blocke
shall be made solid Tor ~ least
twelve (13) inches below and eight
girders, beams or joists, II.
Where such concentrated lo4m
exceed seventy-five hundred fI,t10I
pounds the blocks shall be mao1
scenti.uea .. ssrs psss,. s.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-02-21

AhTltLE MI.
Structural Iron and steel Construc-
sr sssi J; IRON See AMP K9,,ci STEEL 81
Sections Is. il and Is.
Sec. 2. PHYSICAL AND CHEM
ICAL PROPERTIES. See Article
Sec. 8. FRAMING OF sTRuc-
TygREs. See Article x; sestl9n 2
See Article X, Section 8.
Sec. 8. UNIT STRESSES. In
all calculations for iron and steel,
the following maximum stresses
will be allowed for safe carrying
Medium steel in tension 45%
OF its yield point and never ex-
ceeding $4,000 pounds per square
inch, net section.
Medium steel In shear 10000
pounds per square inch. net sec
Medium steel In compression:
The safe loads as computed by
column or strut formulate as given
I'm the Standard Steel Manufac-
turers Hand Book or In Text
Shop Rivets.
Shear, 10000 lbs. per square
inch; Bearing, 10000 lbs. per
square lncn.
Field Rivets:
Shear, 1900 lbs. per square
inch; Bearing, $4,000 lbs. per
square inch.
Field Bolts:
Shear, 5000 lbs per square
inch; Bearing. $4,000 lbs. per
square inch.
Wrought Iron:
Tension. $4,000 lbs. per square
inch.
Compression. - For columns
and struts seventy-nve (75) per
cent. OF amounts allowed for
medium steel.
Cast Iron:
Tension, 5000 lbs. per square
: inch; Shear. 1000 lbs. per square
inch.
CONFERENCE.-The safe loads
as computed by column and strut
formulate as given In the standard
Steel Manufacturers Hand Book
Sec. 6. DESIGN. All steel franz
ing shall be designed where prac-
tical TO have the line Of stresses
coincide with the gravity line Of
rolled and buiit-up sections, avoid
ing eccentric loading.
Where eccentric or Irregular
loading n unavoidable, resulting
stresses must be carefully calcu-
lated and proper material provid-
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-02-21

Hefnfofced Nonctttc.. -.
Section 1. EXPLANATION OF
TERN. The term reinforced con-
The Nome daily nugget., 1911-09-18
MANY IMPROVEMENTS
 IN OUR PUBLIC SCHOOL

\ number "f ehang,- and Gmmu... mcuts have hr,u mad. af tu. u.| preparatory to tHr op,uu- ar th.+ years term Carp,ut.rs painter. u. paporhaugers have conra t-ly r.u.. yatod th" class room- and Il|a
 The library coutanu- boot. r.rr- "urr and text books has boom eut.. logurd and by this system ,r,u pur will bo held r.-puu-Gl.. ra f.. ..,u#. tiou. as 0,lJ a- uar rr.a D. such books he may nar, o.,a-uu r.. u., during the year A lar-, mmbr .. new books has. h..u a,I#ar 'a .I.. l.. brary and hy this system "r a'ur". ing the board m1 principal N.p. a keep the books tu good condition l1 .a number of years.
 The course ur study uIu -uom u.r -rh"ul has beeu revised uI It ls uoI" . that within another ..Hs f0. ..... .# be on aH ~ II. basis aIl. t n. schools in the States. A numl a changes have been made in the ,.... of study for the High School WI. view or having it eventually p'ac r the accredited list of the llrh in the state of Washington.
 New laboratory tables have a.,4 placed fin the Physics and Chem
 laboratory and sufficient equipment
 been ordered to raise the stanIar
 work to meet the entrance rea a. mrnts of the Tutk,r-itg a' Vl .... tnu and similar institutions.
The Nome daily nugget., 1911-09-18

Ne handle "se.a.ta n.sr rr.e ere-.1Ey selected BaHenaa rra= Ire h. aeer r-eaed an Che Raat a#Ha. Price reasonable la sa.e. Hf door free Of era-re. T" s#- bee. and yoa 9H be =ar
The Nome daily nugget., 1911-09-18
HAVE YOU TRIED ToeY's CANDY,

If you have not tried Toby's home made candy you are missing receivine the up-to-date fresh article.
 Try Toby's home made product. manufactured daily. from favors to bon bon's and you will use no other Fresh home made candy costs no more and to get the best call at Tob,'s Candy Kitchen.
The Nome daily nugget., 1911-09-18
FOUND

etr.f -m
The Nome daily nugget., 1911-09-18
ROCKET lNHU


.."..# Spec l... .@#...
   #n....
The Nome daily nugget., 1911-09-18

SEND YOUR FRIENDS A COPY
 Be sure to mail copy of the Mining 6 Dredging Edition to your friends on the outside. It will keep them posted with the progress of the country.
The Nome daily nugget., 1911-09-18

.a"H.t .u..r....... rf-ImHf m uH
 #'u. ..m. pHI H ...r .a. ... ..f .#.. I" ~.. ...H. ... .H ..I... .. ta, ut-H ~e...I .... a...... .u'rm urn=.. "a Irh.rrea credit aW .u.uH.H ,..t .....- Ia.r-raNt. rr 'a, ~-." Eu...-. ... .... ..r. .vW be r,1nua n.... d. .. nn. -
 wl. vwa m ... u. -m. - ..a..t. rm uu ....u.. . -ma.... . .. .a |r.. .aHu.m- r. r .m .t .... ...u. ..... |ryse.u.t e... r |..... UH +. .ua
  IH.uf.. .f.. .a
 r.##.u Ae.. #H.f
 ..... ... .. #E....f. .
The Nome daily nugget., 1911-09-18

The Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, the oldest company in America, holds the largest fund for dividends to be paid in 1911 sIS.52q. 333OO. Don't insure until you hay, seen w. W. Sale. special agent
The Nome daily nugget., 1911-09-18
Classified Ad

All ClassHea Ads Must Sc Pu# r
 Advance
The Nome daily nugget., 1911-09-18
DARLING and DIAN
 COMPANY
H A R D w A R E
QUOTES FOLLOWING PRICES
TAR PAPER R.

P. & B. Asphalt Felt. 1 ply, 500
 rect eco. .''. .-.....-.-....Ss ot Ia Asphalt Felt, rolls, 250 feet. 1 % Asphalt Felt. 2 ply. heavy. 500 :ect 500
The Nome daily nugget., 1911-09-18
.I.xibIs crueiabIs Steel Wire Rope
DYNAMITE

Hercules No. 2. per pound ...... F Caps, per 100 ..... ... ....... I25 Tripple tape fuse. per 100 feet 80 Peters celebrated semi smokeless
 shells, per box Q. .............. 50 Peters Ballestite smokeless shells
 per DON .... ...... ca Roberts Crucible Steel ShOvels.
 per dozen ..... %. ... ...I2.OJ P're Manila rope in coils. per
 pound ..... %. ............ .l5
 All of the J. Geise stock @ hard ware cut to empty his warehouse. Orher prices according to this scale
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-20
This Earth and lis Steel Core.
I>r1,, tNa NJorr vo,I- yrz-1

Various conjectures have been made
from time to time by biologists as to
the possible condition of the center of
the earth. One of the most popular
impressions seems to be thai the
earth's center, or core, is a flaming
furnace AT a recent meeting of the
chronological association at The Hague
Professor Weichert, asserted that his
studies Of the varying velocity Of
earthquake remors passing through
the interior of the globe has led him
to the conclusion that the earth con-
sists of a central core of iron or steel.
about $3.50 miles in diameter, surround
ed with a stony shell $50 miles in thick
ness. Between the outer solid rind
and the inner layer of rock, covering
the metallic core, he thinks there is a
layer of liquid, or plastic material. w.
ing a little less han 20 miles below the
surface of the earth.
Men sometimes dream of enormous
wealth stored deep in the earth below
the feach OIL miners, but experts now
aver that there is little or no ground
to believe that any valuable metallic
deposits lie very deep in the earth's
crust, regardless of Professor WEIGH
ert's beliefs to the contrary. Such de-
! posits, 1t is said, are made by under
ground waters, and owing to the pres
sure On the rocks at great depths the
waters are confined to q shell near the
surface. With few exceptions ore de-
posts become too lean to repay work
ing below 5000 feet. Nine mines in 10
taking the world es . whole. are poor,
err In the second thousand feet than in
the first thousand, and poorer vet in
the third thousand than in the second.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-20
The Australian Blacksnake.

Xviii liz w
The blacksnake is the danger Of the
Australian bush, and a deadly reptile
he is, whose bits will kill any one in
about eight minutes. Yet, notwith-
standing ali the warnings | was given,
I never could remember to be on the
lookout for snakes nor to avoid doing
such foolish things as sitting on old
dead tree trunks, which are their fav-
orite hiding places.
l had just fired two barrels at a rab-
bit. when just in front of me / saw a
long, gnarled black stick. a charred
branch of a dead gum, as l thought.
Another moment / should carelessly
have stepped either across it or on it,
when one of the ladies of the party,
who was walking with us, seized my
arm and pulled me backward, calling
ont in . voice cr-c-@~1. Sa.e,
It's o. snake," Reused by her voice,
my stick woke up and a long black
snake wiggled away in front of US.
The snake had got to it's hole, but my
rescuer CALAMITY belabored it with her
stick. while my other companion rushed
up and blew the tail off at a shot. Then
one of the men dashed away for a
spade, with which 1t was dug out,
when he loosed both our 20 bores to
tnail,e sure of killing it. 1t was a big
snake and measured we'll over three
:.et. We We're far more pleased with
our one blacksnake than If we had shot
q hundred rabbits.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-20
STALLION And BULL
FIGHT TO the DEATH
Blooded Horse Breaks Into
Stall at Sheepshead and
Dies in Fight.

Chicago-Speciai: Mrs. H. B. Chip. a
death between a thoroughbred stallion
and a prize winning bull aroused a
good portion of Sheepshead Bay early
yesterday morning. The noise of the
combat in the stables at the race track
was heard a half dozen blocks away.
Both animals belonged to James Fitz-
simmons, a horseman, who lives at the
corner of East Fourteenth street and
Avenue I, ~Sheepshead Bay.
The horse, Progressing, seven years
Did and the sire of a number of stake
winners, occupied a box stall adjoining
the bull. How the horse managed to
get out of his stall and break down the
rate of the bulls Enclosure Is not
Known 1t happened shortly after mid
light.
The noise of the fight brought George
Fitzsimmons, a brother of the owner,
from his house, three blocks distant,
and within five minutes a crowd Of
several hundred men gathered outside
the stables. The believing of the bull
and the screams of pain from the horse
told which way the battle was going.
Finally, when Fitzsimmons ventured
inside the stable. he found the horse
in it's death throes. The bull did not
try to interfere with the men who
hauled it's victims body of the
stall.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-20
A PEERLESS TURNS AUTHOR.
The Latest Recruit Is the Countess
Russell, a Suffraget.
From the European Letter to the New

The Latest Recruit Is the Countess
Russell, a Suffraget.
From the European Letter to the New
York Sun.
The latest peeress to TAX to author
ship is the Countess Russell, who has
written an entertaining book called
Russell is a suffraget. and when she
proposed naming her little volume
Three Women and It." the publishers
objected strongly lest the world at
large should take "it' to mean the
vote" and refuse to read the book in
consequence.
Though Lady Russell meant it to
be the aravan in which three women
spend the summer the vote looms large
and often in the book, for the travellers
talk much suffrage matters and
though they have many adventures on
the trip and Lady Russells sense of hui
NOR makes the most of these the u
is always before the reader. Very dar-
ing conversations have the caravaneers
when they nave tethered their horse for
the night and placed their bedding out
under the stars.
Lady Russell is a socialist countess
and does not go to the coronation. She
Is an 1riShWoman, whose marriage to
Lord Russell in America some 10 years
ago brought upon him q charge of big
amy because England refused to recog-
nize an American divorce. Lord Rus
sell had to appear before his fellow
peers in the house of lords after a
short imprisonment. He was afterward
eXonerated from the charge and re-
stored to favor.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1911-07-20
BIGLEY,
wife of
l.. S. CHADWICK, NJ. D.
1859-1907.


This small monument in an out OF
the way Canadian cemetery serves to
recall the daring ventures in high
finance of Cassie Chadwick, who
created a worldwide sensation and
who died in Columbus penitentiary -four
years ago. Still she is already forgot
ten. Her name with scores of THE
is rapidly passing into oblivion. The
old Chadwick home at Euclid avenue
and East Eighty-second street, Cleve-
land, has been torn down, and upon
its site a Jewish synagogue is being
erected.
Woodstock felt highly important
when the world turned toward it to
watch the burial Of Cassie Chadwick
But now even Woodstock has forgot
ten. a party of friends who remem-
bered Mrs. Chadwick before she began
her manifold operations in a financial
way We're motoring through Canada re-
Gently, and while passing through
Woodstock remembered that it vas in
tina village Cassie L.. Chadwick was
buried. They drove on. to the little
cemetery and there saw in a wilder
ness of small headstones the shaft that
marks the last resting place of the un-
fortunate woman