The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1911-09-08

OIL AND GAS PRODUCERS
INTERESTED IN RESULT
Scientific Explanation 0fProcsss-
o. Of DsfofmatIen And Product
Of These Processes In Car
nsgIs Quadrangle.

LIE OIL anu Rds ucius OF Tue tutnc'
gle quadrangle, Pennsylvania, are de.
scribed by NJ. J. Mum, OF the United
States Geological Survey, In a bulletin
mo. 4t6) just issued. The quadrangle
embraces an area OF about 227 square
miles In the vicinity OF PiJtsburg.
The entire oil and gas region adjacent
to Pittsburg is receiving extensive
geologic study. The Carnegie quad
rangle Is bounded on the north by
the Sewickly quadrangle, on which a
bulletin Is being published by the
state Of Pennsylvania, and a geologic
folio by the United States Geological
Survey. The geology Of the Beaver
quadrangle, which touches the Carne.
gle on the northwest, has been dis.
cussed 10 Bulletin 2s6 and Folio 1874 of
the United States Geological Survey;
the oil and gas resources OF the Bur-
gettstown and Claysville quadrangles
which bound the Carnegie quadrangle
on the west and southwest, have been
discussed 10 Bulletin 3lS Of the Sur
vey; and the geology OF the Amity
quadrangle, directly south OF the Gar
negie, is presented Ia Bulletin 300 and
Folio LA Of the Survey.
The Carnegie bulletin, just issued,
describes all the oil aud gas wells In
existence at the time OF Mr.. Munn't
vestigations 10 1907, besides dis
cussIng the geology OF the region.
ANTEDATES PITTSBURG.
10 describing the character OF the
rocks Of this quadrangle Mr.. Mum
gives glimpse OF the earth's early
history, so long ago that it cannot be
measured 10 years, or centuries, or
even millenniums. The materials
composing these rocks we're deposited
as sediment under water before the
American continent had emerged
from the primal ocean. Each bed
was more or less continuous stratum
spread ever large areas.
The sediments which formed clays,
shales, or "slates" were nne,grained
muds washed 10 by the restless
waters. Sandstones were formed by
the deposition OF sands whose grains
were washed and assorted by waves
and currents. The limestones OF the
quadrangle, Mr.. Mum states, were
probably formed from shells and other
calcare0us remains OF animals that
hourished 10 the seas, bays, and
lagoons In which they were laid down.
Coal was formed 10 swamps and
shallow lagoons from the luxuriant
vegetation that grew 10 or adjacent
to them during the carboniferous
period. Since these great masses q
sedimentary rocks we're deposited
they have been slowly raised and
depressed many times by broad conti
mental movements In the earth'l
crust. This process has been almost
continuous from the time the fret
bed was deposited.
i THE RESULTS.
The producer OF oil and gas Is mol
interested 10 the processes OF deform
alton through which the strata hav'
passed SO much as be is 10 the results
Of those processes, and IT is therefore
; the sum total Of all the crustal move
ments to which these beds have beer
Subjected u which the author largel!
addresses himself 10 the Carnegie
Bulletin.
A copy Of this report can be obtain
/ ed free upon application 10 the DIrec
tor OF the Survey, Washington, d. Y
Copies OF the other bulletins men
tl8ned may also be obtained upou 40
piicatIon; but the geological f0li0s ar
I. sold At 25 cents each.