The Richfield recorder. (Richfield, Idaho) 1909-1931, 1911-12-14

feet apart. This distance gives then
ample room to build p a good roc
system. and ample soil from which
to feed upon.
In planting, the holes are due
about 2x2. The first 8 to 10 inches
of the top soil is placed in one pile
by itself and the subsoil in another
The tree is placed in the hole al
about the same depth, or possibly a
little deeper than when it grew in
the nursery. The top soil is then
placed in the hole first and is well
packed in around the roots, by using
some blunt instrument that will not
bruise the roots. AS soon as the top
soil is placed in the hole, a quanti-
ty of water should be III in, and the
trees settled by slightly pulling it up
and down while the water is sinking
away. As soon as this is done, the
sub-soil should then be added and
we'll tamped in. The hole should be
well filled and a dust mulch left on
top. Before the tree is planted, the
roots should receive some slight
trimming. cutting away any injured
roots. OF any root that has abnormal
growth, and Will not lay straight in
the hole when planted. The tree
should be set with the larger roots
toward the prevailing wind. The
top should also be slightly leaned in
this direction. In this way, the tree
viii gain a good O o system before
it is bent over or thrown out of line
by the prevailing winds. Another
method used in some of the old es-
tablished fruit sections of Idaho is
planting of corn every third or fourth
row in new orchards. parallel to the
prevailing winds. The corn grows to
a good height at an early date in the
spring, and furnishes a good wind
break. After the tree has been plant
ed, the top should be cut back to COR
respond with the root system. The
average height in cutting back a tree
from four to six feet, is from twenty
four to thirty-six inches. The cutting
back of smaller trees should be at
the same rate. This operation is
very important, as it is very essential
to form a good root system before
the top is allowed to develop.
After the tree has been planted
care should be given, and the mois-
ture in the soil should be carefully
watched, SO that there will be enough
moisture in the soil at all times to
make a maximum growth, although
too much water is just as bad as not
enough, and good cultivation is just
as essential as irrigation, in fact,
some of the best orchards In the state
of Idaho are those which are extern
sively cultivated, and a minimum
amount of water used. In some of
fhA nrobor1 lfc+r;+~ 80 11olo H.
soil has become alkaline by the ex-
cessive use of water.
One of the essential things in the
care of an orchard the second year
is the forming of the scaffold limbs,
or the framework of the tree. From
three to five limbs should be allowed
to grow at a height of from
eighteen to tw~enty-four inches from
the ground. The distance of
these limbs apart should be from
five to eight inches, selecting, if
possible, three limbs to the wind
ward side and two to the lee, so that
These scaffold limbs should be di-
vided around the body of the tree,
and it i not well TO have one i'm
mediately above the other. The form
ing Of the scaffold limbs on young
is the most important work in
The growing of a new orchard. We
should always strive to have curl
as low-headed as possible, as
his will reduce the cost of spraying,
harvesting and the general care of
he orchard when it comes into bear
ng.
In pruning a tree the third year,
he second year growth should be
tut lack all but about twelve to
eighteen inches. This will cause
Zach scaffold limb to throw out adj
limbs; two of these should
,e allowed to grow, the others should
,e pruned away. The pruning of tire
rec from then on should be, up to
he time Of bearing, along the same
inc as is done the second and third /
ear, and each year allowing two adj {
litiOnal limbs to grow from the last j
ears growth. In this way, at the
ime of bearing, you will have a low
leaded stocky, and we'll developed I
rec, and one which will be able to t
its fruit in a good quantity
Yithout breaking down under the |
Dad. e
There is no certain time that can J
e set as to when spraying should I
e begun on newly planted orchards Q
the different insect pests. Some Z
f the best orc%hardists in the state a
spraying the second and c
lird ear after planting. This is [
one as general preventive against 4
and insect pests. Lime and c
solution is used at a strength t
f from one gallon of lime solution p
, 10 or IL parts of water. A solu- q
on of kerosene emulsion or Black q
eaf 40 is used in spraying young "
for the different species of s.
that are prevalent on young (,
ees. A careful watch should be L
on young trees and if any infec- "
on is found of any kind, it should q
, attended to at once and not put s.
f as the only possible way to keep /.
ees in a healthy growing condition u
by watching them closely and 81
them free from the different "
and fungus diseases that de- p"
row orr orchards w