davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1911-01-21
COUNTRY OF CONTINUAL UNREST

'The beginnings Of the troubles that wreck
Nicaragua at frequent intervals lie back to
its discovery by Columbus. A small remnant
of Indians has recently been found living on
an island near Bluefelds, speaking the Ian
guage Of the Aztecs and having traditions of
ruling in splendid cities over the subject
tribes of the coast.
These cities, of which great ruins remain,
at once attracted the Spaniards to the in
terror so that from Panama to Yucatan not
an important Spanish settlement was formed
on the Caribbean coast, and thus the coast
tribes freed from Aztec domination, re-
NAMED almost unknown to the Spaniards,
having no property worth looting.
Loot was plenty among the buccaneers, but
fresh food and women they lacked. These the
Indians supplied. Commercial relations soon
grew up, which speedily developed into an
alliance against the Spaniards, by means OF
which the Indians maintained their indepen-
dence, until their chief was carried, In 1888.
with great pomp, to Jamaica, where he sur
rendered his authority to the duke of Able
marie and was then crowned and received
back his insignia a vassal king, under a
British protectorate, of all the coast from
Chiyiqui lagoon to Yucatan, along what Is
known as the Mosquito coast
Subject to occasional clashes with the Span
iards, matters went on thus for century.
each successive Mosquito king going to ia
maica for investure and to do homage. Fin
ally, in 1888, by the peace of Paris. England
specifically abandoned it's protectorate over
oil Of the Mosquito coast, except for the part
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1911-01-21

now known as Belize, or British Honduras
which then became and still remains q Brit
ish colony.
However, It was only IA years before the
French revolutionary turmoil again brought
war between Spain and England. In the
course of this, the protectorate was revived,
SO that, in spite Of SPANS becoming later
the ally Of England against Napoleon, the
three succeeding Mosquito kings Of the first
half OF the nineteenth century were crowned
as OF old in Jamaica or Belize, and did hon.
age for their kingdom, the last in 1S47
In 1921, after long struggle all Central
American broke away from Spain, and offered
to join the United States as five states. an
offer which was at once refused, as the pop-
ulation was not considered sufficient in num-
Der to justify ten seats In our senate, nor
sufficiently advanced otherwise to be a de-
sirable element. The refusal stirred up bad
blood against the Ehglish-speaking peoples
and dispute with England over the protec-
torate.
By the Clayton-Bulwer treaty of 1850, both
England and the United States bound them
selves not to seek exclusive rights in any part
Of Central America. Again the protectorate
made trouble, and London and Washington
agreed on treaty by which the Mosquito
coast was to be protected by treaty with the
Central American states interested, but these
refused the suggested terms, and, finally, in
1860, Great Britain concluded separate treat
les with Honduras and Nicaragua, by which
to the first she surrendered absolutely all au-
thority over the almost uninhabitable portion
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1911-01-21
RA/l4I14 RA/yZ1q7ICW IN Wl4RAGZN

nen lron 81 Louis. Kansas City and Chicago
ana men from numerous smaller cities who
are interested financially in agriculture and
mining work in Nicaragua Many are already
realizing on their investments.
Along the Rio Grande river there is a wide
sne'cn Oh territory covered with bamboo,
some OF which is planted in bananas. Ship
ments of bananas were taken out Of that sec
ton for the first time few weeks ago by the
Pan-American company, Kansas City and st.
Louis concern. There are half dozen small
companies beginning operations and within
six months fully 100000 or 800, 900 acres of ba-
nanas will have been planted along that river,
which Is said to be the best for the culture
OF this particular fruit Of any in the republic.
The bananas-about 5000 bunches-shipped
lately were the finest taken into the port of
New Orleans
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1911-01-21

of the coast claimed by Honduras, while to
Nicaragua she agreed to surrender her pro-
tectorate and recognize the sovereignty OF
Nicaragua.
Nicaragua in turn, agreed to grant complete
local self-government to the Mosquito tribes.
then Of blood largely diluted with strains OF
white and Jamaica negro, and using Eng
lish as their official language. Nicaragua
also bound itself to make a free port of
Greytown, at the mouth of the navigable river
by which the great central lake of Nicaragua
discharges into the Caribbean sea, and for
ten years to pay annually to the Mosquito
Indians subsidy of $4,000.
After 10 years less than half of the sub
sidy had been paid, while in violation of the
treaty Nicaragua had imposed duties at Grey
town under the pretext that they were to
pay the subsidy, and had introduced gov
ernor and garrison at Bluefelds, the Mo-
squito kings capital, and was otherwise vex-
ing the Inhabitants so as to force them to
abandon the English language and their local
self-government. Finally, after most inso-
lent treatment of the British consul at Grey
town, who had been appointed the Mosquito
kings agent to receive the arrears, England
sent warship to Greytown. Nicaragua pro-
tested that, as the British protectorate had
been Withdrawn and Nicaragua's sovereignty
recognized over the coast, it was none of
Englands business whether Nicaragua fulfill
ed the treaty stipulations In favor of the In
dams. But the captain of the warship was
not moved by this, and after much parley the
entire matter was submitted to the arbitra-
ton of the emperor of Austria.
On two points the Nicaraguan contentious
were upheld, first, that the subsidy was Of
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1911-01-21

beating of wings, melancholy
squawk, and then, tumbling and roll
ing head over heels in the. air in
confused mass, eagle and lobster
came down again into the pool.
The men rushed forward thinking
that they could, perhaps, In some way
obtain both combatants, as the splash
ing of the conflict continued In the
shallow water. But they had hardly
time to pick up a stone apiece to
throw at the eagle before the lobster,
feeling itself sufficiently at home
again, let go its hold.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1911-01-21

:. MeFfy chased
through the streets of Managua by the soldiers of
president Zelaya, but conditions in these three
years nave wonderfully changed. Perhaps no man
"a" Iartner into the future of these Latin-Ameri
can Republics than did Minister Merry sea
captain on Pacific Mail liner, he became stu
dent OF the native and his country He probably
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1911-01-21

in the northern part of the Republic and
founded the Lone Star mine. Today ne is
several times over millionaire. Joe La Pere
French Canadian, discovered the Bonanza
mine from which millions in gold nave been
taken The Topaz Mining company is an
other having venture. The chief difficulty
with the mining is the matter of transporta-
ton.
While the earnings of the various mines
have proven satisfactory, yet 1t is In the ba-
mana business that the figures presented by
American experts prove amazing; they show
payment for land, cost of clearing planting
and harvesting at the end of the second year
with an additional profit of SO per cent. on
the investment They are indeed startling, but
the men who make them point to the United
Fruit company, having started business on
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1911-01-21

Now, with its neck all torn and de.
void OF feathers, away few the bed,
raggled eagle to a neighboring cliff
while, still brandishing its enormous
claws IN defiance, the lobster remain.
ed at the bottom of the pool.
The Strenuous Ticket.
"A lot OF people are complaining
that they don't get their moneys
worth from this railroad" said one OH.
cial.
WELL" said the other, well rem
edy that. Well make the tickets a yard
and half longer
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1911-01-21

oNDURAS, in the light of recent de-
Velopments, is playing the same
game as did Nicaragua, and it is
expected here that the firm hand
Oh the United States will be felt in
north Central American republic.
Too many American interests are at
stake to let the threats of Spanish
rulers go unheeded, say Managua
omclals. One by one as these
troubles arise throughout Central
America it is the intention of Presi-
dent Taft and his subordinates to
force lasting peace.
1t hasn't been long since United
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1911-01-21

the nature of gift, and therefore that inter
est should not be added to the arrears; and,
second, that the vessels belonging to the
Mosquito coast should hoist the Nicaraguan
flag, though against Nicaragua's contention
they were allowed to hoist their own along.
side Of it; but on every important point the
decision was in favor Of England
Under this decision settlers began to come
in, especially from Canada and Jamaica, and
business became quite brisk. Nicaragua
failed in another attempt to induce the coast
to vote in favor of full citizenship, and mat
ters went on merrily till few months after
Zelaya's rise to the presidency, when, In
January, 1894 Nicaraguan army suddenly
appeared at Bluefields, kidnapped and sent to
the interior the chief Justice and all the lead.
ing men of the coast, and In their absence
ordered an election, with soldiers at every
polling place, to determine finally the status
Of the coast
In this election there could be only one
result, and Nicaragua announced that the
coast had accepted full citizenship In Mica.
ragua, and, therefore, British interference
was at an end
For ten years, in spite of occasional at
tempts at revolution, one nearly successful,
matters went on fairly at bluefelds and
business grew, but in 1904 there began sva.
tematfc attempts to Cypress this coast.
AS further vexation Of foreigners the
Moravian missionaries and the Church of
England rector at Bluefields, who since the
Catholic churches have been harried out ~
existence, are the only representatives o4
religion of any kind in all this regio. have
had their schools closed because t1xrion was
in English.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1911-01-21

barnacles shining white in the sum
light.
Only for a second, though. The
ripples on the pool had not yet died
away, the large drops of water had
not ceased to fall upon It's surface
from the soaring eagles feathers,
when the lobster suddenly awoke to
the seriousness of the situation, and
to think with that apparently help
less creature was to act. Up came
the white barnacled claw and seized
the eagle around the neck.
There was q furious futtering and
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1911-01-21

Mining throughout
the country, while be-
ing pushed, is not
bringing the money
returns of fruit. Many
men, however, have
struck it rich in the
mining region. A Ca
madam by the name
IF McGinnis located
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1911-01-21
Lobster Worsts an Eagle

shore watching big white-headed
eagle soaring around in circles, when
suddenly they saw it dash down into
a pool of water close by them on the
beach and reappear, holding an ehor-
nous lobster in its talons. 1t was an
old lobster, with huge claw white
with barnacles, but the eagle had 1t
clutched firmly around the back, and
at first the onlookers could see the
claw hanging helplessly down. the
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1911-01-21
a /ZIINRACZL4N E4HX y

the store, Paying off labor in Nicaragua is
much like taking dollar from one pocket and
putting it into another. That's all right SO
far as 1t goes, but when the laborer-generally
an Indian or a Jamaican-thinks he has too
much to do he quits. He can live without
work, and works merely to please his foreman.
The foreman who can get the good will of the
Indian is the valuable man. The superin
tendent Of a coffee plantation has been trying
to get 300 men to work for the last two years.
At one time he had 130-and he is man the
natives like, too.
The manager of big banana plantation IL
having the same trouble. month or two is
frequently spent getting half hundred men
together. Indians stay close to their villages
and the hope of the planter is the building
of these conglomerations of huts. Give the
workers bamboo covered shed in which to
live build them a church of the same ma
terial and secure for them a preacher, even
though their morals seem lax, and the natives
will probably spend their lives on the planta
ticn-working when they feel so inclined. Now
and then they want to wander away and get
all the bad whisky they can buy but they
return in time to again take up the machete.
Good treatment appears to be the only secret
If there be any secret Of getting labor In
Nicaragua.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1911-01-21
1RyZ/rC COFFEE

Knew better than any other diplomatic official that
left alone, they would never cease fighting
AS the result of his work in the service, the
United States has virtually established protec
Rorate over Nicaragua At all times an American
Warship Is within four hours call by the wireless
IAN American postage stamp is as good in Mica
Tagua as 1t is In Louisiana. Mail for the United
States goes through the American consulates and
tis carried in sealed sacks to New Orleans and Mo
bile or to a port on the Pacific coast in another
ut La not handled by natives There Is no opening
lof mail addressed to the subjects of the United
| States these days, common in the past
: That is one result Of Minister Merry's work
land today he Is in the diplomatic service in Costa
lRica watching his labor bear fruit.
| President Estrada is a good fellow as Nicara.
|guans go-but he couldn't last twenty minutes as
khe head of people who love to fight, ii the Unit
I'D States department at Washington wasn't hold
Ing his hand over the rough places They are
going to send commission down there in a
short time to straighten out affairs and con-
duct the first honest election the country ever
had. Then J. p Morgan & Co. will handle the
refunding Of the $2O,Oo0000 bonded debt. BY
that time the United States will be well in
charge, probably with Consul Moffat as minis
ter and real head of the government.
Just as rapidly as possible Nicaragua is
being made a good place in which to live
american capitalists and investors are crowd
ing into the country with rapidity. Now that
the days of the revolution ended-the ma
chete made an implement of agriculture in
stead of war-the future Of the little republic
looms bright. Mines are being developed for
ests cleared. lagoons drained and homes built.
Men from the north and middle western states
are causing the hustle. There are business
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1911-01-21
Fierce Old Shellfish Fights His Cap.
tor In the Air and Resains His
Liberty.

sThe disappearing lobster" as fish
commissioners have termed It, might
not only remain but would flourish
and increase If it always resisted cap
ture like one in Newfoundland.
A New York man and his guide
we're sitting on the rocks by the sea-
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1911-01-21
:HZ1QV At /AA/XN0ZlA, .Mc4R4GZ1N

shoestring, SO to speak "a few years ago, and
being worth few dozen millions today.
They have tried rubber and made fail
ure cocoanut plantations bring forth fruit
slowly pineapples grow large, as do grape
fruit and oranges but they ripen so quickly
and the import duty is SO heavy that exporta-
ton under present conditions Is hardly to be
considered Rice does fairly we'll, while COT
fee on the west coast reaches high grade OF
perfection. The coffee, diplomatic and other
officials assert, is the finest in the world.
The chief trouble on the east coast Is find
ing hillside level enough to stand on and
cultivate the product.
The labor question in Nicaragua has the
servant girl issue in the United States beaten
a nautical mile. One man will tell you he has
no trouble in getting labor. If he means real
work there is plenty to be done, but from the
standpoint of the employer, the task is no easy
one. Money means nothing to the average
native. One plantation manager told cor
respondent he had 60 men working for him
and that he transacted business on 500 soils
monkey money, they call ia year. This
plantation conducts a store, as do the major
ity. The men are paid in the national cur
rency which just as steadily comes back into
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-10-22
MRS. ECHOLS' FUNERAL
Out of Town People in Hartselle to
 Attend Obsequies

Hartselle, October 21.-(Special. al.)-Ihe funeral services of Nus. Orrie J. Echols tool, place at her late residence on Main street Friday at 3 D. m. Dr. V. o. flaw kins pastor of the First Methodist church here. the Rev. F.. D. Norton, pastor ol the Central Methodist church, New De- catur. and the Rev. J. P. NJ. Woodail each made short talks in which they dwelt touchingly on the many noble aual- ities and good offices of the deceased Mrs. Echols was a prominent Woman Christian Temperance Union worker as well as an active church member. Miss Iucia Barclift, Miss Nelle Barclift, MT. C. H. Seibert and Prof. J. L. Gibson furnished the music and among other hymns sang very beautifully her favorite hymns. Rock of Ages and Ut Is Well With My Soul" She was laid to rest beside her husband in Hartselle ceme- terv. Among the out of town people who attended the services were Mrs. Carrie Simpson. Mrs. William H. Simpson, Mrs F I. Troup, Mrs. Council Elliott MT. and Mrs J. L. Echols, Capt samuel Blackwell and Judge William E. Skeggs of Decatur: Miss Elma Oglesby of At lanta. Ga, and Miss Claude Pattillo or Montevallo.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-10-22
GREENSBORO BABY SHOW
Practically Entire Town Turns Out
 to See Little Ones

Greensboro, October Especial. )-- A baby show yesterday on pr. R. F. Monettes lawn, and given under the auspices of the Meth odist church, was a wonderful attract.on, if one may judge from the crowd. Practically the town turned out to see the beautiful babies in their decorated equipage ges. A large number of babies were entered and a number of prizes were given. Among the prize winners was the g. year-old daughter of well known one time Birmingham woman Mrs W. E. Torbert formerly Miss Minnie Atkins. Little Miss Torbert is blond. She rode in a carriage covered with blue chrys anthemums, which was most becoming to her style of beauty. Two prizes were given her, one for herself and the other for her carriage The judges were Gather Perry, A. J. Dannelly and Rob ert Kerr.
 Quite a nice sum was realized for the church.
 Some of Greensboros well known men have organized a club to be called "rhe Gabfest" They anticipate much pleasure from the meetings, which will be of a social nature with. of course, the interchange of ideas on literary subjects and topics of the times. The first meeting was held in the office of '"rhe Watchman" with William E. W. .Yerby as host. The following officers were elected: Chairman, Rev. J. G. Ap- sey; vice chairman, Judge Charles D. Waller; secretary and treasurer, Lee M. Otis; executive committee, pr. c. F. Atkinson, Rev. D. w. Hollingsworth and Dr. E. P. McCollum.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-10-22
News of Opelika

Opelika, October o1.--f Special )-The county board of education, at d meeting yesterday, apportioned the school funds to the various schools of the county. As shown by the recent report Lee county ing 1,34S and tine per capita S262.
 Next Sunday the l. B. O. negro frater- nal society will lay the cornerstone of the new A. M. E. Zion church in the city, which will be q big occasion for the negroes of this section.
 T. D. Sanford returned today from Montgomery, where he was one of the orators at the laying of the cornerstone of the new Pythian temple. MT Sam ford is past grand chancellor of the Knights of Pythias, and one of the most prominent fraternal men in the state.
 Mrs. w. Earle Iudmon left yesterday via Birmingham for Hamilton, Tex to join her husband at their future home there. MT. Hudmon recently went to Texas to engage in the oil mill busi- ness.
 The many friends of Henry Byrd, an Opelika boy, were saddened at the news just reaching here of the accident in the Birmingham railroad yards when he fell off freight train and had both legs cut off Byrd was a Frisco rail- Iodu eInploye ana III the early morning hours Friday, while on d box car, fell off under the wheels, a heavy jolt of the train while switching being the cause, it is reported. The young man s father, Mir Charlie Byrd, and sister, Mrs. Archer Robertson, are at his bed side.
 Editor II. W. M. Wilson of the Daily News was called to Dadeville this morning. His sister, Mrs. Taylor. acci- dentally poured some hot water on her self, inflicting very painful injuries
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-10-22

Mrs. C. s. Sagerser, 1227 Bellefon- tain avenue. Kansas City Mo, writes: T feel it duty to you and to others that may be afflicted like myself to speak for Peruna.
 My trouble first came after la grippe eight or nine years ago, gath ering in my head and neuralgia. I suf- fered most all the time. My nose, ears and eyes were badly affected for the last two years. think from your description of internal catarrh that l must have had that also. I suffered very severely.
 Nothing ever relieved me like Pe- runa. It keeps me from taking cold. With the exception of some deafness I am feeling perfectly cured. I am forty-six years old. feel that words are inadequate to express my praise for Peruna'
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-10-22
WHO WILL BE
 COMMISSIONER?
The Jury Commissioners Office h. wolves Quite Complex
 Question

Decatur, october 21-(SpeciaD. D.-"Who Is jury commissioner of Morgan county, w. E. Edmondson or James A. Nelson!' This is d question that is bothering the minds of the two gentlemen named. Who will decide the matter. or how is not known at this time.
 There is involved in the appointment of each of these two gentlen1en, both Of whom have been appointed to the office of jury commissioner in this county. a legal point, it is said. that may prove to be of statewide interest
 It will be remembered that just before his retirement from office Governor B. B. Conner appointed a. jury commissioner ill each, county of the state. When Hon. Emmet O Neal became governor he was advised by Attorney General Bricltell that Governor Conner had no authority to ap- point these commissioners, therefore Gov nor O'Neal appointed a commissioner in each county to take the place of the cres appointed by Governor Conner. It will be remembered that there was a Contest in .gloplle county over these ap- pointments and the supreme court held that Governor Comer's appointments were legal, whether there. were any va cancies at the time or not. The com missioners appointed by Governor O'Neal received their commissions from Gover- nor O'Neal, but did not qualify on &C., count of the decision of the supreme court as stated above. sess5F4-
 Some time ago Dr.. B. W. Watson of New Decatur, one of the jury commis- eioners of this county moved to south Alabama and resigned the office of jury commissioner. w. B. Edmondson, well known insurance. man of Decatur, was appointed by Governor ONeal and holds his commission now. Now Governor