The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1911-04-30
The Housekeeper's Loaf
and the Bakers Science.

Harper's Magazine contains an In
terest'ng article on tho ancient science9S
or bread making. written by Professors?
r. *. Duncan. In which women, as III
bread makers, will naturally be in.N
terested. it3j;SlEs
Seventy per cent. of the bread i'm
this country. Professor Duncan says. IS Sj
made by the housekeepers, and the res
naming 80 per cent. BY the bakers IN ss
ms estimate of the present art h of So
bread making. the professor contrasts
modern scientific methods with those
OF prehistoric days with their rudei5
stone grain crnshers and mealtng Is
stones and their loaves Of crushed al
grains baked on hot stones With az
covering of glowing ashes. l5
Tho Israeltes generally used leav-t i
ened bread when they were going on fS
journey and unlenvened bread forfor ~
binary home purposes. The loaf was
nodded by hand into the form of a N
disk, and was about the thickness of 81
q thumb, SO that 1t could easily be
broken. i. & 81
Bread baking has clearly been from vi
earliest times. as Professor Duncan 81
says, tho vocational work of women
and there has always been betwee "
these vocational workers with their D.
home made product and the bak er's q
housekeepers have unendinGly taken n
great pride IN the variety and exccIsE
ience OF breads with which their tables
arc furnished, their loaf bread risen
and beaten biscuit their corn ponesa'
and batterbrcad, their wanies, {srnri e Il,
fms and Sally Lunn, having made 4.
them famous throughout the sland,s ( Sss3
a present day bakery. conducted on
scientific principles, has concrete
floors and tiled walls orsiwalls slineda.
With cork to produce equality of tenn "a:
peraturc. So states Professor Duncan
who further mentions the beautiful
eRginery In tho power room of sttch a 3
building, It's cold stora ge and llotsair
plant, Its hoppers, bins, mixing mar
chine, fermenting trough cutting table,
forming and balling machines oven
and delivery wagons. tt3
In a bakery like this bread B says
Professor Duncan, Is almost free from
the touch of the human hand In the
best baking practice of the immediateS
future this ideal will be completely
realized. sS1s
1t is recognized fact among wo-
men that homemade bread contains a 4
maximum amount OF nourishment and
loses nothing of It's wholesomeness Or
delicious quality by coming into%con-
tact with the human hand. The 1nen4
DRY of Sally r.unn, a pastry cook OF
Bath England. is perDctuated in her.
name being given to tho bread. forstlie K
making of which she was known far
and wide But hero again the baker
comes in. His name is Dalman this
time, and Sally sold her birthright 10
him In the shape of her tea cake
recipe. Tho baker, OF course, took the
credit of originating them to himself. #
and wrote a poem in praise OF his in-
Ecnuity. t675l
Her Guiding Thread.
| y great principle never forgottensby
| the spider observes Maurice NoechlIn
] In LIZ Nature. is that she must always
| spin behind her a thread that willF
enable hcr TO find again The points that
she has left. This serves at oncd as
her guiding thread for return and as
the road on which she travels. A con-
sequence of this rule Is that the start ]
Ing point, the centre OF the first opcr-7
atoms. must be nj the top of the web,
and often higher stlll, so ms to domi-
nate the whole From this point the,
explorer let's herself down, suspended
from her lnseparablc thread balances
herself, and IL she does not find the,
sought-for point. climbs back along
| the thread which she nbsorbs In as.
| cending y !I
WomanIy Courage and Devotion.
says tho English Fortnightlyy Re- 4
| NtcM. III WttEliKc 'tIncS, when hattles!
| was the business OF life. ana victory 3
| over a foe tine highest honor that could e
| he had, when home In the true sense K
| there was none, and when castles were 4
: less houses for pleasant living than
stronEhods to shelter raiders and re- +
sis. assault women were MS heroic as
! their age M "
| II they were not so accurate IN their
! aim as he arehcrs. Of whom it was j:
| said tina every English bowman bore
| under his girdlc twenty four Scots
they knew how TO man the ramparts 4;
| and defend tho bridges. as we'll as their
| lords themselves.
| Womanlness in the bower, dignity II
| In the hall. courage in the castle 4
that was tho whole duty of these wo- 9
| men OF rude but manly age andJto X
| their example, their influence and theirs
| SHAPING power as mothers, England h
owes much Of her greatness and a r.
| half of her strength Al 35s s5s
ting Boadicea pass as an example II
| of Inc feminine lighting blood We find II
! Ill Dame Nicola dc Camville an ca rIyi2},
| specimen OF the warlike, poiitica swo-s9
! man She took the royal side in the h
famous war with the harons.f and held 4
Lincoln Castle against Gilbert ST de a
Gaunt. first for King John and alters.
ward for Henry III, Till the battle,
called Lincoln Fair broke her power.sE
| The beautiful Countess of Salisbury,
iShe who was so ardently beloved : hyfl.
| the third Edward. was another 8inz2
stance of feminine daring. coupled ms;
her case with the most graceful sweet 4.
ness. The Countess of March. com -S
monty known in history as Black 4
Agnes, was heroic in her defense Of {
! Dunbar aEainat the English. III II ~
queen Fhiltppa Queen Margaret and Z,
others like them honorcd their adopted AZ
nationalty also BY their courage and q
| devotion ". !; s
q Famous Picture. 3s;sS
In the Santa Maria Novelio Chapei,ss5
o. florence ITALY, Is famous picturess'
On the right hand side OF this pictureE
f, is u female figure with three children.
! at her knee. She is holding in Is one
| hand little rod and In the a. hcre /, AZ