davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
STAY WOMEN AMI CHILDREN
Neither ASe Nor Sex is Spared by
Imperial Troops at Marking
When Slaughter Begins.
Copyright Dll)

NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Marking is in
the shadows of the Manchu butcher.
Fridays sun set upon a scene of fire,
rapine, desolation and butchery I'M
rivaled in modern history.
Friday night $4,000 Manchu and
imperial old style soldiers held
Purple hill, where they are intrench-
ed, while from beneath their strong
hold they drove before them hordes
of Chinese out of the city.
Innocent Chinese, leaving every
thing behind them, fed, terror-strick-
Ell and destitute, to shelter in the
fields at the rear of the reform
forces. The latter. numbering be-
tween 10000 and 10000, are impotent
to check the slaughter or avenge the
slain because of their lack of ammu-
milton.
Since the night of November s,
when the first attack was made by
the revolutionists, the Tartar general
has endeavored to terrorize the in
habitants by wholesale executions.
Those whose queues had been cut OH
were beheaded; but Friday, when
the order for a general slaughter was
given, the whole native city was in
vaded by the Manchu soldiers, who
massacred men, women and children.
Even the aged and women with babes
in arms were shown no mercy.
Forty-niner to Take Back Trail.
San Francisco. Cal.-Abraham Wei
Ter, forty-niner, aged 80, announced
hat he would once more go cover
the trail and brave the perils of the
: sandy waste Weller is a pioneer OF
the San Bernardino valley, walking
from ST. Louis in 1S49, when he was
| twenty years old. He was a placer
gold miner. He will start Sunday to
walk to Salt Lake City, thence to St
Louis, taking the road he came over
to California in 40.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
in PATH OF TORNADO
HOMES ARE SHATTERED BY
FORCE OF WIND, AND EIGHT
MEET UNTlMELY DEATH.
Hurricane in Wisconsin Causes Loss
of Million and Brings Sorrow to
Many Homes in Its Twenty
Mile Course.

GAINESVILLE, visa tornado which
swept over Rock county. Sunday af-
ternoon, caused the death OF eight
persons, the injury of many more. and
property loss which will reach mil
lion dollars.
Splintered timbers, broken furni-
ture. crumbled rock and plaster, scat
tered farm produce and dead farm ami
mails llttering the ground over an area
quarter of a mile wide and twenty
miles long indicate the tremendous
force of the storm.
The tornado originated in the vicin-
ltv of Orfordville, twelve miles south
west of GAINESVILLE. travelled northeast
for several miles and then turned TO
the east, missing this city by mar
row margin. Its force was spent near
Milton. The greatest damage was
done near the point Of origin and at
Milton.
OF the Schmidt family, residing
three-quarters of a mile from Han
over, there is only one survivor. He
is Albert Schmidt. fourteen-year-old
boy. Physicians say he cannot re-
cover. Alice Schmidt and her young
er sister were in the house when the
storm struck. Their bodies were
blown across the road. the house be-
ing demolished. Anton Schmidt, father
of Albert. and tramp We're In the
barn. The tramp. who was not in
jured, says Schmidt was blown
through the barn door. His body was
found in the yard. The boy was
buried in the debris and received In
ternal injuries.
Mrs. Elizabeth Proede. bride OF a
few months, was instantly killed when
the house was carried away. Her
husband was in the barn and discov
cred the body after the storm passed
Leo Lent, sixteen years old. was
blown from a new barn which he was
helping build. six miles northeast OF
Hanover. His father. Theodore Lentz
who was also working on the barn
was uninjured.
Near Milton there was one death
Helen Austin. five years old. daughter
of Alfred Austin. farmer. Three 9th
ers were in the house when the tor
nado struck It,
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
BLAME THE ARABS
ITALIAN COMMANDER TELLS OF
HORRIBLE ATROCITIES PRAC-
TICED UPON WOUNDED.
Declares That Arabs Directed Their
Attacks Against Ambulances and
Wounded Soldiers, and That
Turks Were Just as Guilty.

Washington.=San Ciuliano. the
Italian minister of war, forwarded to
the Italian embassy on Thursday a
telegram from General Caneva relat-
ing to battles of November 6 and No
vember Z, in which the Italian gem
eral declared there was 'indisputable
evidence of violation of the articles
of war on the part of the Arabs.
General Caneva's message was as
follows:
"Our scouts on the field where the
encounters of the sixth and seventh
took place between the Ninety-third
regiment of Italian infantry and
Turks and Arabs, have ascertained
that acts of cruelty have been com
mitted upon our fallen. One of the
two dead was found barbarously de-
capitated. No doubt exists that in
the encounters the Turks were pres
ent, and for this reason they are di-
rectly responsible. Rumors, the foun-
dations of which it was not possible
to ascertain, were current regarding
barbarous killing of wounded Ital-
ians on the field, while they were
still alive and prisoners.
1T was aScertained that the Arabs
directed the fire and the attacks
against the ambulances and wounded
troops, but it was still uncertain if
only the Arabs were to blame for it
or if the Turks should also have been
declared outlawed for violations of
war regulations. Now, doubt is re-
moved, and it has been ascertained
in a most absolute way that on the
battlefield of Ain Ear the Turkish
commander, in violation of article so
of the last convention, ordered hang
ed without any trial. our informants
and some Arabs who were suspected
of spying. There is indisputable evil
dence of violation of the articles of
war on the part of the Arabs, who
were directed by Turkish officials
against the Italians"
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
Wed in Funeral Chapel.

Salt Lake City-Karl Friedland and
Miss Mary Ludwig. both OF Ogden.
were married Saturday in this city,
and as result of a dare from friends.
the ceremony took place in n funeral
chapel. The manager of an unordtak
ing establishment, a close friend OF
the contracting parties, invited them
in a spirit of bandinage to have the
ceremony performed in the chapel
used for funeral ceremonies, and the
challenge was accepted.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
MARTIAL LAW AT NANklNG.
All Suspects Being Executed and
Rough Characters Enlisted.

London A dispatch 10 London
news agency from Nanking says mar
tial law has been proclaimed there.
General Chang .Jen Chung. the vice
roy is executing all suspects. inclui.
ing some OF his own men. and is en-
listing numbers OF roughs. The rch-
els have retired TO their nearest
camp fifteen miles dis;ant. The gov.
eminent troops are bringing up arul
lery to attack them but are respect
ing the neutrality OF the railroad
Food supplies in Marking are be
coming exhausted. A Tlen Tsin di7-
patch TO the same agency says that
Shantung province declared its indie.
pendence on Friday. the government
officials taking office under the new
regime.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
Mail Carrier Turns Thief.

Great Falls, Mont.-Edward w
Thompson. a local mail carrier, is in
jail on a charge of having stolen s56
from three registered letters, which
had been given him to deliver He
admits the theft and offers as an ex.
cuse that he was so heavily in debt
that he could see no possibility of get
ting from under and desired to be "a
dead game sport for once in his life
This is understood to be his first of
Tense
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
OPEN UNDERGROUND RESERVOIR
Flood in Cripple Creek Mine Carries
Workmen OF Their Feet.

Colorado Springs.-A dispatch from
Cripple Creek tells OF the striking Of
sensational flow of water in the
bore of the Roosevelt deep drainage
tunnel. The flow followed a round
of shots and was so heavy that the
workmen were carried of their feet
down the bore and narrowly escaped
being drowned. Water is now
leaving the portal at the rate OF "a
900 gallons a minute, or about four
times the usual flow. Il Is supposed
that an underground reservoir or
stream has been opened and that a
material lowering OF the water level
in the mines of the district Will be
noticeable later
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
MAY SOON SECURE JURY.
MeNamara Defense and State Agree
to Accept Fair-minded Men.

Los Angeles. Calf we can find
twelve fair.mindcd men among the
talesmen now being examined. We
will accept them without exhaustine
our twenty peremptory challenges.
was the statement Sunday OF Clnr'
ence s. barrow. chief counsel for Jas.
b. Mcnamara. on trial for deaths re-.
sulting from the explosion OF the
Times building here thirteen months
ago.
District Attorney John u. Freder'
icks shares this view. so that with
three jurors already sworn. lucky
combination may furnish complete
jury within shorter interval than
expected.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
Wanted $1,000 for Vote.

Chicago.-Stories alleged to have
been current at Springfield that EN-
manuel A. Abrahams, a member of
the legislature referred to as the
'bellwether" in the election of United
States Senator William Lorimer, had
refused to vote for Lorimer for ST.
500 but had done so when given s5,-
900. was related before the senator
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
AIRMAN FALLS NEAR The GOAL
Aviator Rodgers Injured as Machine
Crashes to Earth on Last Lap OF
Journey Across the Continent.

Los Angeles. Calm an attempted
flight from Pasadena to Long Beach
to officially end his Atlantic Pacific
tourney, Aviator c. p. Rodgers met
with the worst mishap ofh is career
on Sunday. falling with his machine
125 feet into a ploughed field on the
orr ranch, half way between the
two cities and within sight OF his des.
tination
Although no bones were broken.
Rodgers was badly shaken up. his
hands were burned by his motor and
after recovering consciousncss he
complained OF severe pain IN his
side. Ills machine was completely
wrecked
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
Zapata Rclents.

Cuautla, Mexico.-An order was
sent Thursday by Emiliano Zapata,
the rebel leader, to his chiefs to per-
NIT the repair of railroads and tele-
graph and telephone lines in the ter
ritory they dominate and to refrain
from further molesting them. This is
looked upon as a preliminary to the
surrender of Zapata, as was fore
casted by Madero prior to his inaug-
uration
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
Boys Fatal Mistake.

Everett, Wash.-A boy named Boil
ger. Is years old. shot and killed him
self Saturday while showing n boy
playmate how to handle hammer
less safety revolver. To convince his
comrade how harmless the weapon
was in experienced hands. Bolger
pointed the pistol at his own head
and pulled the trigger. supposing that
the mechanism would prevent its dis
charge
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
Below Zero in Montana.

Great Falls, Mont.-Northern Mon
tana is experiencing the coldc5t
weather ever known at this time of
the year. Although the record at
Great Falls is only 6 below, it is 20
below at Cut Bank, 100 miles north.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
Woman at the Had

Milwaukee.-For the first time in
many years woman on Saturday
was elected to head the Wisconsin
ieachers association. The honor was
bestowed on Mrs. Mary d. Bradford
superintendent of schools of Kenosha
The convention went on record in ia
vor of woman suffrage.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
Strikers Force Crisis.

Winnipeg.-With the Thermometer
registering below zero, their rations
running low and the price of coal
IS ton instead of the usual SO,
striking coal miners in ithe Alberta
district are facing a serious situa-
ton. The conference committees of
miners and operators are still meet
ing at Frank, but are not yet ready
to report.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
White House Again Occupied.

Washington.-The White House is
occupied again. The president swung
down from his private car here Sun.
day morning at GAS a. m. at the end
Of his 15,OO0-mile trip and fifteen min.
utes later the glass doors of the ex.
ecutive mansion opened for him. II
was the presidents first call hero
since August %. excepting only for
a stop between trains two weeks aqo
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
Woman Jury Unable to Agree.

Los Angeles, Cal.-Unable to agree
upon anything, the first women's
jury to sit in Los Angeles was dis
charged Friday. The case was that
of L. II. Mayor, accused of having
violated the speed ordinance.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
Government BUYS Silver.

Washington.-For the coinage and
subsidiary money Director of the
Mint Roberts on Friday purchased
100000 ounces of silver for the Den
yer mint and a smaller amount for
San Francisco. The price paid for
the silver for Denver was $3.50 cents
per ounce and for San Francisco
5625 cents.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
Turks and Arabs Attack Italians.

Tripoli-Turkish artillery and Arab
horsemanship made esveral attacks
on the Italian lines Friday. The Ital-
ians fought their way to the trenches
of the enemy, who temporarily re-
tired, but again attacked as the Ital-
ians were returning to their base. At
night the Turks withdrew The Ital-
ians sustained some casualties and
the Arabs and Turks many.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
Predicts Bankruptcy for Railroads.

Observation-Disclosures for some
railroads and a deterioration in the
service of others was forecasted
Thursday before the employers Habil-
ity and workmen's compensation COM
mission by Gardiner Lathrop, who
took a gloomy view of the proposed
legislation
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
Look Out for Cold Weather.

Washington.-A touch of winter
VIII be felt over practically the en-
tire country this week, and thee,
Will be many sudden changes in the
weather, according to the forecast is
sued by the weather bureau.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
Child Wife Suicides.

Everett, Wash.--Mrs. Letha La
mara, the 15-year-old wife of Louis
Lamara, a Greek, committed suicide
In tho county jail here Sunday by
choking herself with a piece of rope
Lamara and his wife were arrested
November 2 and were being held
pending an investigation of their con
duct
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
VIII Reinforce Garrison.

Paris.-France. has decided to rein
force the French garrison at Tunis,
which now consists of only 1,2OO
men. This determination has been
reached by the government because
of the recent Arabian outbreak.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
Stranded Steamer Floated.

Kobe. Japan.--The steamer Mime.
sofa of the Great Northern Steamship
company, which on Saturday stranded
In the Kurusima passage off shikeku
island and later was foated. arrived
here Sunday.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
Hyde Murder Trial.

Kansas City.-Out of TWENTY-FIVE
veniremen examined in the HYDE
murder trial on Tuesday only one
William Weston, qualified as a Juror,
He had read of the case, but had no
fixed opinion
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
Woman Suspected of Murder.

Chicago.-Witnesses at the inquest
over the body of John Quinn, who was
found shot to death in his home near
the outskirts of the city, November 2,
gave testimony which threatened to
involve the slain mans wife. The
woman is being held by the police in
as investigation similar to that which
was followed in the Vermilya case.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
Suicide of Crazy Man.

Marshfield, Wis.-Frank Getzinger,
% years old, patient at the Wood
County Asylum for the Chronic In
sane, committed suicide by throwing
himself head first into the firebox
under the asylum boiler. He suffered
from a delusion that he was a divine
being and was hunting for the
devil"
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16

omaha-One death is credited to
saturday nights storm in this city.
Inc body of p. C. Campbell, aged six.
ty-three, for many years Waterman
in department store, was found
within three blocks of his home.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
Jerry Burke Answers summons.

Beverly. Cal.-Jeremiah T. Burke
for many years political agent OF
the Southern Pacific railroad in this
state, died Sunday at his home here
OF pneumonia. Mr.. Burke was stick
en- Wednesday last
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
Evidence Against Woman Prisone

Chicago.-,Poison found in the Wis
cera of two more of the ten persons
who have died mysteriously beneath
the roof of Mrs. Louise VermiIya
have made more tangible police sus-
picions against the woman.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
Shipments Strike TO spr.ad

Chicago.-The spread of the railroad
shipments strike to the Central of
Georgia railway and the calling of a
strike on the Rock Island, are matters
of only few days. according to labor
leaders.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
Hunter Kills Child.

Couderay, Wis.-Mistaken It is
supposed, for deer. Jorda Sundborg'
aged 4, daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. John
Sundberg, was shot and killed Satur-
day. The hunter could not be found.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-11-16
German Chancellor Defends Himself.

Berlin.-Chancellor Won Bethmann-
Hollweg appeared before a hostile
house on Thursday to defend the Mo-
roccan-Congo agreement and ex-
hausted his skill in explaining the
great advantages of a friendly settle
ment with France, seeking to show
the future value of the colonial ac-
QUESTIONS and to disprove the re-
ports that Germany had backed down
before British menace. He was al
lowed to finish with scarcely a sign
of applause.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1911-03-09
warning to Railroad men.

Look out for severe and even danger
GUS kidney and bladder trouble result
ing from years of railroading. George
E. Bell, $50 Third St, Fort Wayne, Ind
was many years a conductor on the
Nickel Plate. Twenty years of rail-
roading left my kidneys in terrible con-
dition. There was continual pain a.
cross my back and hips and my kidneys
gave me much distress, and the action
of my bladder was frequent and most
painful. got supply of Foley Kidney
Pills and the first bottle made a Won
derful improvement and four bottles
cured me completely. Since being
cured have recommended Foley Kid
ney Pills to many OF my railroad friends. y
For Sale by all Druggists.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1911-03-09
Forced 60 Leave Home.

Every year large number OF pooE
sufferers, whose lungs are sore and
racked with coughs, are urged to 20 to
another climate. But this Is costly and
not always sure. There's better way
Let DR.. Kings New Discovery cure you
at home. ut cured me of lung trouble, F"
writes w. r. Nelson, OF Calsmine, Ark,
"when all else failed and gained AZ
pounds in weight. It's surely the king
OF all cough and lung cures." Thou
sands owe their lives and health to it.
It's positively guaranteed for Coughs.
Colds. LaGrippe, Asthma. Croup-'ll
Throat and lung troubles. SOC & 81 90
Trial bottles free at all druggists.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1911-03-09

When yonr doctor orders ou to atop
work. it staggers you. 81 csn'p you cay
You know you are weak, rundown and
failing in he 18th, day by day, but you
must work as long as you can stand
What you need is Electric Bitters to
give tone. strength, and vigor to your
system to prevent breakdown and build
you up. Don't be- weak. sicky or ailing
when Electric Btters will benefit you
from the first dose. Thousands bless
them for their glorious health and
strength. Try them. Every bottle if
guaranteed to satisfy. Only soc at all
druggists.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1911-03-09
NOTICE TO CREDITORS.

Notice is hereby given that the under
signed has been appointed by the Coun'
ty Court OF Morrow County, Oregon
Executor of the last Will and Testa'
ment Of Z d. Palmer. deceased.
All persons having claims against
the estate of said deceased, are hereby
notified and required TO present the
same to me, dul, verified as by law re-
quired. at the office OF G. E. Woodson
10 the City OF Heppner. Morrow County
Oregon, within six months from the
date OF first publication hereof.
Dated and lubli he'd the first time
this 10th day of Fl bruary, 1911.
LAWRENCE A. PALMER,
ExecutOT.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1911-03-09

The colonist folders for Morrow
county are now in the hands of the
local boost club and when you write
that letter to your Eastern friend
have one at hand to enclose with
it. This little folder gives quite
clear idea OF the county, necessar-
lily brief, but comprehensive, and
is just the right size to go into your
letter. Call on G. E. Woodson,
president, or w. p. Cox, secretary,
of the Boost Club, for a supply and
forward to your friends and rela-
tives in the East.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1911-03-09

A regulation government flag
is daily displayed from the flag
staff of the high school building
This is due largely to the efforts of
J. II. Bezan and Prof. Hoffman,
and the latter will see to it that the
flag is spread to the breezes each
day during school hours while he
is in charge of the school, for which
spirit he is to be commended.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1911-03-09
M2-sO
NOTICE To sTOCKHOLDERs.

A special meeting Of the stockholders
of Heppner Improvement Company will
be held on Saturday, March 25. 1911, At
9 O'Clock p. M, st the office OF q. r.
WoOdsOn, in Heppner, Oregon, for the
purpose Of arranging 10 take up the
mortgage Indebtedness against the build
ing, and 10 transact such other business
a. may properly come before The most'
ing.
FRANK GILIIAH President.
Dated - hsPPssT, Ore, this $50 day
q baroh, 1911 he-G
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1911-03-09

I have for sale few pure bred
Leghorn cockerels. Price 81 90
each. Leave your orders at the
feed store of Phil Cohn. You eau
see sample birds there also.
j. r. Dinwiddie.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1911-03-09

Olin Hayes is home from an ex-
tended tour of the towns of the In
land EN- ii . in the interests of his
line, and eports business conditions
very dull At all points visited. In
fact, Heppner seems to be more
alive than any town be saw.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1911-03-09

"Foley's Honey and Tar is the best
cough remedy l eyer used as it quickly
stopped severe cough that had long
troubled me-" says J. w. Kuhn Prince
ton, Nebr. Just so quickly and surely
it acts in all cases of coughs, colds, la
grippe and lung trouble. Refuse SUBJ
For sale by all druggists.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1911-03-09
NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING.

No'ice is hereby given thatthe annual
NEE ing OF the stockholders of the Jor-
dan Warehouse and Storage Company
viii be held at Liberty schoolhouse,
Eight Mile, Oregon. on Tuesday the 4th
day Of April, 1911, ~ the hour OF Z
O'Clock. p NJ, fnr the election OF officers
Of said Corporation, and the transaction
Of such other business as may come be-
fore the meeting.
c E Jones, Secy.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1911-03-09
Brilliant Poultry YARDS.

Rhode Island Reds, Single comb only
New winnings; Pendleton, Dec. 1910, 3
firsts, seconds, thirds. Walle
Walla, Jan. 1911. first. 2 seconds, 2
thirds. None better in the Pacific Nor
thwest. A few choice Cockrels for
sale, Sl.50 to SIS 90 each. Eggs, $l.5O,
$500 and $500 per Is.
L, w. Briggs, Heppner Oregon. i26 t-f.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1911-03-09

R. B. Rice and Clsud White each
made final proof on their home
steads before Judge c. Q. Patterson
on Saturday. Their ranches are
located near the mouth of Sand
Hollow. ]. w. Sibley was witness
for them.