davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14

field are scarcely ever sick, or even ailing.
They live out of doors, exercise freely,
work long hours, eat ravenously, and
sleep like tired children. They need
neither doctors nor medicines It is no
holiday outing to make surveys Of the
public lands, but it is healthful, and when
the season is over the pay is practically
all net profit.
X
Another list Of supplies which had to
be pruned included revolvers, rifles, car
tridges, hunting or bowie knives, some
steel traps, rubber boots, slickers and
rubber coats and snowshoes. 1t looked
like an outfit for a season of military
maneuvers, with a forecast for hard
winter. This list was quickly, neatly and
effectively reduced to normal proportions,
and the arsenal asked for, if bought at
all, was paid for out of funds other than
those provided by Uncle Sam.
Like fate was melted out to the man
whose requisition called for jam, more
JAM and still jam. He seemed to have
not only sweet tooth, but complete
set of them. There was strawberry jam,
and raspberry jam, and BURBERRY jam.
and blackberry JAM and several kinds of
jams which most persons have never
heard of. Had the requisition been al
lowed, that mans outfit would have put
to shame q travelling man from Rochester.
where most of the jam seems to have
come from.
But when the paternal chief of the
bureau had blue-penciled the requsition,
there was a change in it's appearance
which doubtless caused a strong man.,
somewhere, to weep pathetically when
he saw it.
Well" remarked one of the woman
stenographers who handled some of the
correspondence on the subject, ANY one
couldn't expect much else of a lot of men.
Why in the world didn't they get their
wives to help them? Fancy any woman
allowing such silly acquisitions to go
through"
Still. didn't notice. said a clerk who
heard her. that there were any hairpins,
or powder puffs, rats in the list"
So there you are. and honors ara easy.
At the outset, when the parties were
being made up, it was found that under
q ruling Of the Treasury Department. the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14

States moved to attack in 1908, when
bill of complaint was filed in the United
States circuit court for the eastern dis
trict of Missouri against the Standard
Oil Company of New Jersey and it's SUBJ
sidiary companies. The bill of complaint
stated that the defendants had formed a
combination and conspiracy, contrary to
the Sherman antitrust law, to restrain
interstate and foreign commerce in pc
troleum and its products, and the bill
prayed the court to break up the combi-
nation.
After much dilatory tactics, led by
seven lawyers, evidence was taken for
more than year The argument of the
case took place before the United States
circuit court at st. Louis two years ago,
April, 1909. 1t was conducted by Frank
e. Kellogg and five other lawyers for the
United States. and by.J G. Johnson and
twelve other lawyers for the defendants.
The court consisted Of Judges Sanborn,
Van Devanter NOW a Justice of the Su-
preme Court, Hook and Adams.
This United States circuit court unani-
mously decided in favor of the United
States. All agreed that the Standard on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14

ious, to have still another kind of trou-
BILE appOrtioned to his lot. He told the
committee on public lands that he could
send out surveying parties under his di-
rect control and do the work quicker and
better than he could get il done by con-
tract. He did not believe it would cost
any more money. Congress let him try,
and he has made good Moreover, he
has saved money. Frank M. Johnson and
Arthur D. Kidder were the supervisors
of surveys in immediate charge OF the
field work, and they bore much of the
responsibility of getting the new system
properly started.
Formerly it was the plan to let con-
tract through the surveyor general of the
state where the land was located. Then
when the contractor reported that the
work was done an inspector was sent to
prove it up. Discrepancies were corrected
by other surveyors. This system, as al
ready shown, was tedious and costly. For
instance, in Alaska it has not infrequent-
ly cost man 500 to have his claim
surveyed, as there the cost is charged
to the claimant The expense of getting
a survey inspector to the scene was often
more than the entire work should have
cost. AS the government is now making
surveys of agricultural lands in Alaska.
the saving under the new system in that
territory alone would probably justify the
change in the system from that of the
contract plan.
X
Commissioner bennett and the officer
under him who is in direct touch with
this work, Charles L. Du Bots, chief of
the division of public surveys need no
instruction from the Presidents economy
and efficiency commission. Some of the
men in the field seemingly thought that
the new system would give them snaps.
They learned that they had another
guess due them. The land Office insisted
on getting men and material at fair
prices, and after a few bitches at the
outset it managed to do so.
The solicitude Of an employee In the
general land Office. however, almost
knocked out the new system before it
had got under way. 1t seemed to him
that the fixing Of the pay for employees
under the direct surveys at s. a day
didn't refer to some other kind Of en-
ployes. The wording was just the same
as in the law which had been in force
for years, yet this clerk referred the
question to the controller. who decided
that the per diem could be paid only to
clerks on resurveys or survey work, and
that no subsistence was included. This
meant that payment could not be pro-
vided for camp cooks and for other eX-
penses in feeding the men.
There were two supervision surveyors
whose work took them all over the coun-
try. The decision cut out their trayei,ng
expenses and subsistence. Commissioner
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14

Company was guilty of violating the
Sherman antitrust law by monopolizing
and preventing competition in Interstate
and foreign trade. The defendants were
further effect their combination and from
entering into a like combination. and
were also enjoined. until the discon-
tinuance of the operation of said combina-
ton from engaging In interstate commerce.
The decree was made effective thirty days
after the final decision of the Supreme
Court of the United States, unless the Su-
preme Court reversed or modified the de-
cision of the circuit court.
One Of the judges of the United States
circuit court that decided against the
American Tobacco Company stated, in
1903. the following facts about that COM
pany:
THE tobacco trust so-called, consists
Of over sixty corporations, which, since
January. $780, have been united into a
gigantic combination which controls a
greatly preponderating proportion Of the
tobacco business in the United, States in
each and all it's branches, in some
branches the volume of business being Is
nigh as % per cent. Prior to their az
sorption many of these corporations had
been active competitors in interstate and
foreign commerce. They competed in
purchasing raw material, in manufactur-
ing, in jobbing and in selling to the con-
sumner. Today those plants which nave
not been closed are with one or two ex-
ceptions, under the absolute dominion oil
the supreme central authority. Every
thing directly or indirectly connected with
the manufacture and sale OF tobacco
products. including the ingredients, the
packages. the bags and boxes, are large
ly controlled by It. Should party with
a moderate capital desire to enter the
field 1t would be difficult to do so against
the opposition of this combination. That
many OF the associated corporations were
not coerced into joining the corporation.
but entered of their own volition, is
quite true. but in many other instances
it Is evident that If not actually COM
PEELED to join they preferred to do SO
rather than face an unequal trade war,
In which the odds were all against them
and In which success could only he
achieved by ruinous expenditure of time
and money"
The American Tobacco Company is also
"a holding company. 1t allows its con-
stituent companies to retain their sepa-
rate organization and even pretend to be
Independent at times. Moreover, this
pretension of independence, these bogus
independent companies, are often helpful
in sitting competition
In July. 1867, about eight months after
the commencement of proceedings against
the standard OIL Company, the federal
government filed Q bill In equity in the
United States circuit court for the south
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14

sered. which were appealed by the Stand
ird on and American Tobacco combina-
tons from the decisions of United States
circuit courts decreeing their dissolution.
The last arguments in the Supreme
,ourt closed about the middle of January.
and the time since then is now longer
han the interval between the ARGUMENTS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14
By Giles Russell Taggart.
HE decisions Of u

HE decisions Of the
Supreme Court of
the United States in
the oil and tobacco
trust cases have
been eagerly ex-
pected each Mon
day = the Supreme
Court decision day
S ! n C e the last
Monday In March.
These are the cases,
III will he rar,op,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14
sides for economy.

sides for economy
Possibly it may not help very much IN
cutting down the expenses OF the gov
eminent below the billion dollar mark,
but a saving of s150,OOO a year on the
public land surveys looks like an item
-ather worth while to the average citizen.
That, 1t may be mentioned, is what the
experiment of the general land ONCE
Turing the first nine months OF which the
aew law has been in effect leads II TO
believe the saving will amount to. Thls
8 something in itself, but the saving IN
time and efficiency Is really more i'm
oortant.
The way it is done now the survey
work is all carried on right from wash
ngton. through the surveyors general IN
the different states. Of course but by
airing men direct and paying their sal
aries and expenses out OF the treasury
lust as any other employees of the gov
eminent are paid. Under the old plan II
was done by contract. Some one wanted
1 tract of land surveyed. and bids were
invited. The successful bidder got the
lob and hired his own help.
Suppose that the appropriation became
available July /, 1907. The contractors
would be in the field on work already In
progress and they could not take up new
contracts under this appropriation until
The spring Of 1908. Here would be de-
ay of eight or ten monhs to begin with.
IN examination Of the work would be
made the summer. following its eXecu-
lion, in 1909. by an inspector Of surveys
sent out from Washington. and If the
ield notes proved to be incorrect. show
hg lines run through heavy timber where
would be necessary to cut path along
he line surveyed, or II other difficulties
we're reported where none existed in or
Ter that extra allowances not earned
might be received, OF If the work were
improperly done. 1t would be necessary
20 send men Out to correct the work.
This would be done. probably, in the
summer of 1910. All this provided no
unusual delays occurred, and delays were
rot infrequent.
Evidently this system meant big loss
Of time and also a considerable expense,
put 1t was an Improvement over the sys-
lem it superseded. Under the old con-
ract system. without inspection or super
rision. it was not always certainty that
he lands were really ever surveyed at
ALL When 1t became necessary afterward
20 locate the corners they sometimes
could not be found. This happened in
imperial valley. CAL, where there was q
yast stretch of land so arid and far from
transportation routes as seemingly to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14


desired by anybody for development and
cultivation.
Then the Colorado river was tapped by
an irrigating canal and 225.OOO acres of
land, the silt and alluvial sediment from
ages Of attrition and overflow deposits,
was brought under intensive cultivation.
But lines had to be run by private sur
veyors. and there had to be something to
start from-a corner located and attested
by the government survey. The most
careful search over that great tract of
land disclosed only three possible stakes,
which might, perhaps, be those driven to
mark corners.
One was selected from which to run the
lines, and it proved in the end to have
been a picket stake driven at some dis
tant date by proSpectOr or a cowboy
At least, that is the suipOsition, for when
the government sent men to prove up
much In error that not infrequently a
settler had built good house on his
neighbours land. while his neighbor was
cultivating cotton. or dates, or alfalfa on
the other mans land.
1t took special agent of the lang Office
with almost plenary powers, unlimited
diplomacy. extraordinary nerve and an
enthusiasm which knew no. bounds-not to
SpcdA VI D. tdken-IOF-STdnlSO at
tribute as unimpeachable honesty where
scarcely any of the land was valued at
less than 500 an acre-several years to
get the situation untangled, and until 1t
was untangled settlers could not prove up
on their claims, and, of course, could not
sell, borrow money or get much credit
In fact, the special agent is still at his
task, but the end is in sight.
What became Of the original stakes is
mooted question. Possibly the chuck
awallas used them for rubbing posts, or
the Indians may have utilized them for
picket pins.
This is recent and striking instance
but it vas not necessary that the Interior
Department should wait for the Imperial
valley incident to show that the work Of
the contract surveyors required careful
checking up. Long before that troubles
arose to harass the bureau chiefs, and it
had come to pass that it was a require
ment that all contract surveys should be
inspected, and that sometimes the work
had to be done all over. This was costly
at times, and always was it destructive
Of celebrity. The possibility of doing bet
ter work, doing it more swiftly and doing
it for less money seemed evident.
Fred bennett, commissioner of the gen.
eral land Office, with about 1887 dis
tinct and various kinds Of trouble on his
hands already, was willing, almost anx-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14

Tow Work Is Directed
i i From General Land Of
fee in Washington - Way
Surveys Were Formerly
Made-The Difficulties En-
countered BY Government
Surveyors-The Various In
struments Used for the Work
Interesting Incidents of
Skilled Men While Setting
Lines.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14

I the general land
office. occupying
the entire square
between + and E,
eth and Sth streets,
they are doing
what they can to
reduce expenses
and aid poor old
Uncle Sam to make
both ends meet, In
view of the insist
ent demands on all
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14

about three-quarters of a billion dollars!
Quite a contrast to the Infant industry"
and one refinery Of the Rockefeller part
nership of 1855.
This giant the government OF the United
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14

and tobacco com binationS to the Supreme
Court of the United States, and argued in
that court in the early part of 1910 The
justices on the bench then We're Fuller,
Harlan, Brewer, White, Mckenna,
Holmes, Day and Lurton, there being one
vacancy. After the two cases had been
submitted Justice Brewer died. March q,
1910.
In April, 1910. Chief Justice Fuller an
nounced that the cases had been restored
to the calendar for reargument, In No
vember, 1910. But July 4, 1910. Fuller
died. The date for the reargument was
then postponed until January. 1911 the
personnel of the court then being. as 1t
is now, as follows: Chief Justice White
and Associate Justices Harlan, Day, Nc
Kenna, Holmes, Lurton, Hughes, Lamar
and Van Devanter. The argument in the
tobacco, case was made. emitting Satur-
days and Sundays, from January to II
and in the oil case from January IL to IL,
1911.
During the reargument Of the oil and to-
bacco cases there was good deal of col
loquy between the court and the coun-
sell Once, Mr.. Justice McKenna said to
Mr.. Kellogg, who was arguing for the
government:
I'VE cannot understand you very well.
You have a habit of letting your voice
fall at the end of each sentence"
Kellogg replied:
Very well. l will keep it up
There was a look of surprise until Kel-
long explained that he would keep his
voice up.
On another occasion, during the argyll
ment in the tobacco case. MIR. Justice
Harlan, who chews tobacco, said to one
= =,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14

states or with foreign nations, either by
contract, combination, conspiracy or
monopoly. One of the penalties for such
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14

JUSTICE HOLMES.
while the principal lawyers for the de-
PENDANTS were MeSsrs. Hornblower,
Stroock Carruth and Wallace.
The decision of the United States circuit
court in this tobacco case was made in
May, 1908. year before the decision of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14

CHIEF JUSTICE WHITE.
md the decisions in other important
Eases. the Northern Securities Company
Ase. for instance. The court anticipated
ts usual Easter recess by one ending
Garch -. and it was conjectured that the
bourt, appreciative of the general anxiety
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14

preclude the possibility of its ever being
desired by anybody for development and
cultivation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14

the United States circuit court in the oil
case. The decision was in favor OF the
United States, but unlike the decision
in the oil case, was not unanimous, Judge
Ward dissenting. Moreover, the decision
was not adverse to the United Cigar
Stores Company, nor TO the Richardson
Company, nor 10 the Imperial Tobacco
Company. The majority of the court held
that the American Tobacco Company was
preventing competition by unfair means,
and was therefore restraining trade con-
trary to the Sherman law
The court also held-and this Is an i'm
portant point-that a combination en-
gagged in restraint of interstate commerce
was Illegal to the extent in which IL is
thus engaged, even if it also engaged In
operating some business which is not il
legal.
The defendants were enjoined from con-
tinuing or perfecting their combination
and from engaging in interstate COM
merce until they could show the court a
restoration of reasonable competitive con-
ditions
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14

Concluded on Page Eighty
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-04-03

Continued on Page g.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-04-03
COMPLEX|ONS Of
BOTH BRANCHES
Of CONGRESS
House Will Be Democratic by
Sixty Eight, With One So
cialist Member
SENATE WILL HAVE MAJORITY
OF NINE WITH ONE VACANCY
New Employees Will Be Found in the
House, the Republicans Retiring in
Large Numbers and Giving Place
to Their Democratic Successors.

Washington, April 3.--An interest
F, ing situation of the Democratic house
and Republican senate meeting to
consider the Taft administrative
measure directs attention to the con-
vening of the Sixty-second congress
in extraordinary session at noon to-
morrow. The political complexions
of the two branches of congress will
be as follows:
House-Democrats. 22s; Republic
cans. 100; Socialist, L: vacancies, 2;
Ninth Iowa and Second Pennsylvan-
ia districts.
Senate-Republicans so; Demo-
Gratis, Al: vacancy /: from Colorado.
The roll calls in the two branches
will show some remarkable changes
from the last session. In the house
the Democrats will show gain of
fifty-four members and a Republican
loss of fifty-five, the Socialist MEN,
ber. Victor Berger of Milwaukee ac-
counting for the difference in the
equation. BY reason of the changes
from the election last November the
new faces will be seen not only in
the membership Of the house but in
the whole organization. The Republi-
can employees in great numbers will
go out and their places will be filled
by Democrats. The choice rooms in
the capitol and in the house Office
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-04-03
NEW CABINET N "
SPAIN WITH OLD
PREMIER At HEAD
King Alfonso Allowed Canale-
jos Free Rein to Keep Him
in Power
CHANGES IN MINISTRY
WERE DICTATED BY HIM
Some Places We're Shifted While 9th.
ers Retained the Old Portfolios
Members of Moret Cabinet in the
New One Just Formed.

Madrid, April 3.--Thc Canalejas
miristery as reorganized was gazet-
ted today. The changes were indi-
csted by the premier. who was given
e free rein by King Alfonso as the
condition upon which he withdrew
his resignation Of Saturday. The
ministers announced are: Premier,
jesse Canalejas Menea; minister OF
foreign affairs, Garcia Prieto; minis
ter Of the interior, Ruiz Valarino;
minister Of war, Gen. De Luquw;
minister Of marine, Senor Barroso;
minister Of justice, Senor Barraso:
minister of public works, Senor Coz
zette; minister of public instruction,
Senor Gimeno.
Prieto and Gazette retain their
portfolios. Valarino. who was min
lister of Justice, becomes minister of
the interior and is succeeded in his
former position by Senor Barroso,
who was at the head OF the ministry
of public instruction of the Moret
cabinet. but is now in the Canalejas
ministery as the others are. Gen. De
II,lqu held the portfolio of war in
the Moret cabinet
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-04-03
CAMORRISTS HAPPY
Believe They Will he Acquitted With
out Offering Evidence.

Viterbo. Italy. April Sin their
cells at the medieval monastery of
Gradi today the accused Camorrists
gloated over what they described as
the triumph of Enricco Alfano in the
court. of assizes Friday and Saturday.
AS a whole they are satisfied with the
development of the case and they be-
licvc they will be acquitted of the
charge of numbering Cuoccolos with
out even being obliged to introduce
witnesses in their deefnse. Giuseppe
De Marinis. commonly known as 20.
Mandriere.' who is charged with
planning the murder of Gennaro
Cuoccoloa and his wife. will be called
for Interrogation when the trial is re-
slmed tomorrow
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-04-03
FIVE HURT
Spreading. Rails. Wrecked a Wabash
Passenger Train in Indiana.

Fort Wayne, Ind, April 3-Spread-
ing rails caused the wreck of Wabash
passenger train No. at Eddy, Ind,
this morning. in which three passen-
gers and two trainmen were injured.
The injured, none of whom were hurt
fatally. are: Odell Scheff, Paris.
France. dislocated shoulder; Louis
Snadowski, Chicago, bruised about the
head; Miss Margaret Cdwen,. Toronto,
Can, badly bruised and suffering
from shock: Engineer Luxton. Mont
pelier, o., leg fractured and body
scalded; c. G. Burrows, Detroit. bag
gagemsn, badly bruised and cut.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-04-03

ed Cowan with reference to a GER
tain case and that the Judge could
not give him any definite answer. At
that time, Flynn said, Cowan was in
toxicated. On another occasion
Flynn said he had seen Cowan in the
Vanderhoef hotel and that Fred Dug
gan OF Grand Forks came In and
spoke Of an engagement with Cowan
on motion in case. When Cowan
came, Duggan, Flynn and Cowan
went up stairs and that Duggan tried
to explain the case to Cowan, but was
unable to make the Judge understand
and that shortly afterwards both left
the room. While there he said Cow.
an asked James Stenseth to get him
another drink and that Stenseth re-
piled that he had enough. Cowan at
that time, Flynn said, was very bad
ly intoxicated.
On cros-eNamination Flynn said he
was local attorney at Devils Lake for
the Great Northern railroad and for
the Farmers railroad and that he
was j.. NJ. Kelly's personal attorney
Fly1s> also said he was the owner of
tho Sding in which the Vanderhoof
hotehe lated. Asked as to his. at
titude to> 70, cowan in the election
two years Nse said he had been
out only one oscz.. 'or to the primary
election but hadSs opposed him in
any manner politica>& >ereafter.
Gnduord mn L,d