davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23
PREPARATION OF
SCHOOL GARDENS
Approach Of Spring Rsnews Ac-
t,VIiieS Of Children.
RESULTS IN WASHINGTON.
Practically All Of the Fifty Thousand
School Children In tho National Capt.
tai Are Learning to Be Gardeners.
When to Plant tho Seeds.

With .np FIRST faint suspicion OF
spring in the air the school children
of the country take u renewed interest
In their nature study work. when
such study exists. and begin to look
forward hopefully to the time when
they can discard their books and learn
their lessons about plants from nature
itself. This Is one Of the most inter-
esting phases of the school life OF the
children of many cities and towns
throughout the country-their out OF
doors nature study work, In WASH
ington the children from the low grades
up to the girls who are learning to
teach other children all have to do
some practical nature work. In the
winter months this takes the form OF
classroom work and lessons from text
books. But when spring comes these
are discarded, partially at least, and.
armed with hoes and rakes and the
other necessary requisites. they march
away to their gardens and miniature
farms and find out for themselves just
how and why things grow.
Practically all Of Washington's 90
600 school children are learning to be
gardeners.
Much of the work done in the green
house Of the department Of agriculture
by the normal girls is planting and
growing plants for schooiroom study
and decoration. All the plants that
are used in the various graded schools
throughout the city are supplied from
this one source, The plants are grown
from cuttings or seeds in the fall.
These are carefully watched and tend
I'd during the winter months. and by
The time spring arrives there are sew
rral thousand plants with which to
stock the school gardens or the school
rooms Not only are window box
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23
Rauinnina of the Drama.

The theater in the only sense that
is worth considering was born in
Athens. Both tragedy and comedy
spring from feasts in honor OF Bac.
chus. and as the jests and frolics we're
found to be out of place when intro
duced into graver scenes a separate
province-the true drama was formed
and comedy arose. The father OF tue
Greek comedy was Arstophanes. who
had lots of fun lampooning the public
men of Athens. The creator OF Greek
tragedy was Aeschylus. born b. y.
525. In sublimity Aeschyus has new
er been surpassed. He is to the drama
what Phidias and Michelangelo are
to art.-New York American.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23
FAT AND FLOWERS.
Extracting Their Dainty Perfumes
From Ooorous Blossoms.

extracting lnelT oGiNty FSTIuH'cS
From Odorous Blossoms.
by a process known aS enleurage.
which is tn" exposure OF beef fat to
fresh flowers in closed boxes until it
with their odors. the perfumes of va
riuus flowers are obtained which could
not otherwise be so efectually pre-
served apart from the fresh petals.
Those flowers are violet. jasmine. tube
rose. rose, orange flower and cassie
cinnamon tuwerS' From those six
there are fifty or more combinations
made for the stimulation of the odOrI
OF other flowers Sweet pea Is made
with orange flower and jasmine, hya-
cinth is counterfeited by jasmine and
tuberose and the lily Of the valley by
violet and tuberoSe.
The resources of the perfumer are.
however. by no means confined to the
pomades. as the scented fats are term
ed He uses many essential oils, the
principal of which are sandalwood.
bergamOt. lemon. rosemary, neroli
,made from bitter orange flowers),
patchouli and altar of roses. The lat
ter. which Is not now used so much as
formerly. is very difficult to obtain in
pure state. because its great cost
tempts to dishonest adulteration. Very
often geranium oil is substituted for
it. Musk is another important ingredi-
ent. entering. as it does. into almost all
perfumes except those that actually
are limitations of flower odors or, as
styled by perfumers, "natural"-as. for
instance. the helotrope, tuberose.
Press
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23
Artificial Ewes.

The earliest notice of nrtif'ia e'oS
occurs in n very rare work by tie
French surgeon Ambrose Pare, "n
titled la Methode Curative deS
Playas et Fractures de la Tesle liu'
maine" Paris. 1851 Pare gives a de.
scription and figures of Artificial eyes
TO he worn in cases where the ry"hlil
has given way and all the hnmorS
have escaped. They ar" to he seq
ments of mllow sphere, mad" OF
gold coated with enamel painted IA
natural colors. With the exception OF
the gold they are exactly like the eyes
in use at he present time. Whlrh Hre
made wholly OF glass. London Notes
and Queries.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23
Spart acus.

SDartacus was a Thracian of noble
birth Whiie serving as an officer IN
an auxiliary corps Of the Roman army
he deserted and. being apprehended.
he was rrGured TO slavery aud made Il
gladiator Escaping. he collected a
body of slaves and gladiators. IS Is c..
and ravaged all southern Italy, de-
feating several Roman forces that
were sent against him. He was de
feated and slain by Crassns. II E. G..
His revolt nj one time threatened the
very existence of the republic.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

plants grown in pr0fuSiOn at the green
house, but others as well. Privet and
forsythia cuttings are planted during
the winter under an open shed In flats
flied with sand. In March these are
sent to some of the schools with in
structions as to how they should he
planted Several schools today can
hoast of attractive hedges surrounding
the grounds planted by the children
themselves and obtained from the de-
pArtment greenhouse.
The nearneSs of trees to all the
school buildings has been of consid
cradle service Tree seeds have been
collected from these during the autumn
mouths and kept in sand during the
winter. In the spring ground is pre-
pared by the students with hand
plow, the seeds planted in accordance
with directions issued by the bureau
of forestry of the department. A nurs-
cry containing several hundred young
trees was obtained on the Potomac
iats but when the department of ag-
riculture abandoned the land the nurs.
cry had to be discontinued.
Landscape gardening Is also taught.
In order to make practical apph-
cation Of the principles taught in re-
gard to landscape gardening the
ground around the Franklin school
building, in which the normal school
Is located. was improved, The best
plan of those submitted by the mem
bers of the class was followed. The
north side Of the ground had been so
long neglected that not even blade
of grass grew on it. The ground was
first fertilized. the boys of the school
doing this work with tools brought
from home The part designed for
planting was apportioned ahong the
schools and permanent shrubbery
planted as a background. Sufficient
room was left to allow each child to
plant seed. purple Towering beans,
morning gories and dwarf nasturtiums
being chosen.
That was the beginning. Today as
soon as the first warm days betoken
the approach of spring an eager army
Of volunteer workers is easily muster
cd to do the necessary work. AT the
close of school the gardens are so at
tractive that 1t is equally easy to Sc
cur. the services Of children to care
70, hem during the summer months.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

COMBINATION LIGHT AND TROLLEY POLE
provement in these conditions. ana the
first move was to get rid Of about one
third Of the poles over about on"third
of the length of the street. Then the
merchants were required to remove
their stands and display their goods
only within the store windows ana
following this swinging signs were
ordered removed. With the sidewalks
thus uncovered so as TO he plainly WIS.,
lille the desrabiiity of improving them
was apparent, and concrete sidewalks
were constructed for 800 feet. OF
over one half the length of the street.
One improvement followed another.
standard cellarways were adopted. all
electric wires were placed under the
sidewalks, and finally the old trolley
poles were replaced with combination
light and trolley poles.
This last improvement was effected
by n combination between the lighting
company. which placed the conduits:
the property owners, who paid FOR the
sidewalks, and the city, which pald
for the poles. fixtures and placing.
The poles cost $65 each and $50 addl-
tional for setting them. they are
placed ninety feet apart on each SIDE
of the street. Each pole has cluster
of four lights suspended thirteen ana
one-half feet above the sidewalk. earh
light being 100 watt tungsten or
about eighty candle power Thirty or
these poles have been placed already,
and the effect Is so generally appre-
ciated that 1t is proposed to install loO
more in the near future.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23
CATCHING COLD.
Que to Infection and Not at All to
Changes In the Weather.

Changes In the Weather.
Have you ever noticed in church
Immediately after II prayer or n ser
mon is finished some one starts
cough and then whole battery of
coughs explode: The modern physi-
cian will tell you by way of eXpiana-
ton that microbe enannlionS from the
breath of the coughers tind their way
into the respiratory tract OF others.
who thereupon cough too. Not alone
in church. but in theaters and other
indoor places where people gather in
large numbers, is this coughing habit
noticeable.
In an article dealing with this sub
ject published in the independent II Is
explained thar colds are slight infec
tious feverS which spread particularly
among the population of cities ana
which are due to contagion and not at
all TO changes in the weather. These
may predispose by lowering resistive
vitality and 10y disturbing the circula-
ton in mucous membranes. but il is
the presence of an infectious germ
that gives rise to the symptoms of the
cold When one of these botherSOme
affections gets into II household usual
ly more than one person suffers from
IT, and 1t spreads in Offices and schools
and the like. 1t is much more fire.
quen,ly caught in a crowd than any
where else.
The people VITO have a succession or
colds during the winter time and
those who have 10 work where many
are particularly susceptible TO them.
Ii Is not to some sudden change In the
weather that the physician looks for
the origin of n cold. but to some rath.
or intimate con'act with other suffer
prs from similar uf1p( ion.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

Give old Riddy the right kind or ra-
tion and a warm spell Of weather In
midwinter and she will knock In the
head the tightest egg corner ever pro-
noted 1t Is largely because OF this
combination Of circumstances that
eggs are now down so that n man with
a family can afford to have them once
in three days.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

There are many who hold that when
the farmer in the northern half OF the
corn belt knows as much about rails
ing alfalfa as he already does about
growing corn and oats he will have IT.
tie trouble in raising the legume.
There would seem to be something In
the contention.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23
Serious.

Mrs. Brown, Mrs. Brown! Come
quick. Master George was foolin
with a revolver an he's shot one of the
servantsr'
"Is 1t one of the maidS|
mo. ma am; it's the cook"
"Thp cook: Mercy. ! can never for
give him, neverr' Cleveland Plain
Dealer.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23
THROUGH UNIFORMITY CITY
HAS BEEN MADE BEAUTIFUL
Pouehkeepsie's Concrete sidewa'ks'
Standard Cellars and Poles.

As is the case in a great many cities
and towns, Main street of Poughkeep-
sic, N. Y, had gradually come to be
considered by the merchants along 1t
as being their own property, ana
sheds, awnings. signs and stands for
the display of goods obs,ructed ana
d!stigured large part OF its side
walks. In addition to this. great
number Of poles of every description
had been allowed to be planted. the
resulting condition being that in many
places there was space for only sin
gle file of pedestrians.
Fortunately the citizens some years
ago awoke to the necessity for an I'M
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

1t is not a particularly reassurlng
thought that about ~ per cent or all
hogs and cattle found affected with
tuberculosis are used AS human food,
this being due to the fact that the flesh
of such animals IL considered whole
some for food unless tubercular ie-
sions are found in 1t.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

The same difference In atmospheric
conditions which relieves the dweller
of low and humid sections of his ssth-
ma when he removes TO d higher and
drier country rids horses of the heaves
If they make the same change.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

One Of the largest certified milk
dairies in the country. which Is To-
Gated near Boston. is owned and op-
Grated by woman. Mrs. Ware. and
is known as the Wareland dairy. This
field has been occupied by women In
several instances and with eminent
succpSS
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

In Arizonu at the present time min
Ing bears to agriculture the ratio OF
seven to one. but this vii. not long
stand, as irrigation projects are being
undertaken and completed which will
make agriculture much larger factor
In the states development.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

If the Danish dairyman can make
money In dairying on 500 and $500
land and the farmer on the Jersey and
Guernsey islands can make good liv-
Ing and something besides on land
worth from 1000 to $1,000 per acre
and buy high priced imported feeds to
boot, 1t looks as If the farmers of the
United States on lands worth from $50
to $50 per acre and capable Of pro-
ducing all Of the raw stuff needed IN
the turning out Of finished dairy prod
ucts had about the surest and easiest
snap that could be Imagined
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

A chain Is no stronger than its weak
est link. and churning of butter Is
usually no sweeter than the worst
mess OF cream which was used In the
making of 1t. Sometimes buttermak-
ers and more often creamery mana
gers and directors overlook this SIM
pie fact. d
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

In starting dairy herd 1t is much
better to pay two prices for the cows
that the other fellow would like to
keep than to take the ones he is per,
fectly willing to part with for song
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

Denmark Is dimiDnt!ve country,
about one third the size Of an average
state. yet it produces annually eight
times us much in dairy products as
Illinois.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

The one great point in favor OF corn
silage Is that 1t comes nearer than any
other winter ration to duplicating the
succulence Of the lush grasses Of May
and June 1t Is because of this fact
that stock IL so fond Of slage and that
the feeding Of it results In such gen
erous milk flow in the dairy cow and
the rapid gain In flesh Of the other
farm animals tO whit u 1t Is ted.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23
Somewhat Different.

"My name." said the great tragedian,
has adorned many billboards"
"And NINE" reioned the low come
2ian, has adorned many board bills"
--Chicago News.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

The Everglades and big cypress
swamp of Florida are inhabited by
the remnant of a tribe Of Indians, the
Seminoles. who have been deprived of
their lands and have taken up their
abode In these swamps as last re-
frpat
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23
Loving your neiehbor as
yourself" means giving him a
chance to make his living. Do
you do your trading at home, or
do you patronize the mail order
houses?
Curvinq Streets.

Cities are no longer laid out or built
upon strictly straight lines. Curving
streets. especially in the residence Sec
tiOn. will in the future prove the rule
rather than the exception. Where
straight street lines are used. parallel
ed by curbs, property lines. fences.
hedges and buildings. something should
he done to break the monOtony.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

In selecting breed Of dairy cows
II Is not so vital u thing that one
should have this or that variety as
that he should select the breed which
he likes best. The performance OF the
several leading breeds Is so nearly on
an equality that success Is largely
matter of the man and his method any,
Nuv.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

The plebeian prune. which dressed
with thick cream. IL II close second 10
June stra wDri1ieS. Ia greatly improved
In edible quality ii soaked from twelve
TO twenty-four hours before cooking
while the nncookrd prune soaked in
warm water IN which the desired
amount Of sugar has been dissolved II
SAID to have as fine a flavor AS the
fresh fruit.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

The most important factor in the
choice OF a sire for the dairy herd is
not the length of his pedigree or
hifnutin name. but the number OF
pounds OF butter fat produced In
year by his dam. his grandam and
great grandam This will be the only
safe guarantee that he will beget heifer
calves of n fixed milk giving habit.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

A woman can and is usually willing
to stand n good deal of downright hnrd
work II she feels there II good reason
for her doing 50 and that her Ebors
are recognized ana appreciated. and
this goes far toward Tightening the
load. but il is indeed hard lines tor
her who slaves from daylight till dark
aud long past. who receives only cross
words and complaints IN acknowiedg
menl of her services.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

Some figures which have been com
piled the past season on the subject OF
pasturage for hogs are interesting and
may be put to good use next spring in
providing such pasture They show
that an acre of mixed oats. rape and
clover produced S31 pounds Of pork at
cost of $3.34 per hundred; clover
alone. 74S pounds at $3.51 per hun
dredl: rape 713 pounds at $344 per
hundred oats. rape and Canada field
peas. 694 pounds at 1888 per hundred.
while an acre of blue grass and tim
othy produced 1861 pounds of pork at
cost of 1891 1t Is interesting to note
the economical production Of pork
with the first two pastures. In which
clover appears. Had alfalfa pasture
been available In the experiment II
would probably have made an even
better showing than did the clover.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

II the field on which the stalks are
standing is well supplied with humus
-decaying vegetable matter-there Is
no particular reason for cutting them
to pieces and plowing them under. as
the mineral fertilizing elements phos,
phorous and potash will be left In the
soil in the shape Of ashes In case the
stalks were burned But the fact re-
mains that the vast majority Of soils
are deficient in humns: hence II is bet
ter to cut the stalks to pieces and
plcw them under When silos are in,
stalled on every farm. as they ought to
be. this question of what to do with
the stalks will take care of Itself, rs
the bulk OF them will be converted into
ensilage. with nothing but six to eight
inches Of stubs left atieId.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

President Taft has lately signed
proc la matt which will throw open
to homestead entry more than half
million acres in the Ozark forest re-
serve. i'm Arkansas. south of the White
river. In the Leatherwood mountains.
While much of the tract is rough and
covered with timber, there are limited
areas that would be Ideal for the
growing Of corn and other crops If
cleared while much larger areas
would be- suited to fruit raising. The
climate is such that stock can range
the year through. while the water sup
ply is abundant and pure and the
country healthful one in which to
live. Further information relative to
the tract can be got by writing the
land office. Washington.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

The problem Of keeping the young
folks on the farm, as we'll as the good
wife from sinking into an untimely.
yet restful. grave. will be solved when
the head of the house puts by the no
ton that he has got to annex the ad-
joining eighties and instead devotes
some of the hard earned money, in the
accumulation Of which both wife and
children have had a hand. to re.
modelling the house. improving the
grounds and installing some Of the
improvements and convenences that
tighten labor, make life toerabe and
enjoyable and in a measure worth the
living When the boys and girls hike
from the farm as soon as they are
well out of kits there's usually rea
son for It,
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

The more frequently the hog raiser
can bring his Shurcs to seven months
of age aud have them weigh 300
pounds apiece the larger per cent or
gain he will make on his investment.
us IN Il majority Of cases quick
gains are economical gains The above
result can be obtained from Il clover.
alfalfa or rape pasture. sklnmilR OF
buttcrmilk during the interval ana
corn and oil meal AT the rate OF . 10
uS finishing ration
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

Feeding tests which have been made
by two or three experiment stations
seem to show that II alfalfa Is ground
into meal there is II loss in feeding val
ne of 5 or 4 per cent over that rea''Hed
when the hay is fed In It's natural
state. Just why this is so IS not stat
ed, but II seems to be due to the bene-
fetal effect of the thorough maStica-
ton given the coarser feed.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

The forest service Is conducting an
experiment in the foothills of southern
California that Is bound To he followed
closely by all who are interested In The
reclamation or use of millions of acres
Of rough and inaccessible desert land
Briefly, the experiment Is the setting
out IN representative localities OF 100.
600 eucalyptus trees. for which the
ground will not be prepared beyond
the digging of a hole two feet across
and fifteen inches deep No attempt
will be made to cultivate the little
trees nor to keep the chaparral from
growing about them nor will there be
any way In which they can be irri
gated.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

There Is no asset with which young
folks start out in life which begins to
compare in importance and value with
good health. In all TOO many cases we
take this endowment as matter or
course. underrate and often despiSe II
and wake up too hate to realization
of the fact that we have impaired or
destroyed it. 1t is n pretty good idea
to look after our health as we so along.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

1t Is all right to feel n keen interest
in the conservation of the rountry's
natural resources in the shape OF tim
Der and mineral wealth. but the aver
age farmer has u good deal more
pressing conservation problem on his
hands in the matter of so handling
the homemade manures that he will
realize their approximate value OF
S2.25 per ton instead Of allowing them
to steam and leech and get but one
half or ontA-th bird of this amount from
them.
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

It is an interesting fact that while
the average wheat yield Of the state
Of Kansas was but thirteen and one
half bushels per acre for 1910 II was
nearly twice this amount Oh ali the
land farmed under the direction OF
the experiment station at Fort Hays.
In the western part Of the state. where
scientific principles were carried out
in the plowing and preparation of th"
soil Yet Notwithstanding this show
ing, you now and then run across
fellow in the thirteen bushrl per acre
class who has little buI deriSion tor
the lead pencil" farmers of the state
agricultural colleges
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

A friend who had fine cutting OF
alfalfa caught with heavy rain
couple of years ago hit upon the plan
Of slowing the crop away In his sil"
green and wet Later he filled the Silo
up with corn Late the following win
ter when he got down to the alfalfa
ensilage he found IL In perfect cond
tion. and the dairy COWS were crazy
about it and ate il up clean as whis
tie This would seem to show that the
sio might br used to advantage as
haymow for clover and alfalfa In sec
tiuns where the rainfall prevents the
proper curing Of the grasses
Catoctin clarion., 1911-03-23

With the fur business becoming
more and more important each year
and trapperS getting handsome re.
turns for their petS, more interest
should be taken by both trappers ami
buyers In changing Of the open sea
son from Nov ! to Dec 1t Is the
consensus of opinion among those who
have given the matter attention that
much fur caught prior to Nov 20 and
classed as unprime would be rated a>
prime and fetch much higher price
II caught after Dec. |.