The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1911-01-06

named the sewage" of the lungs ana
skin.
Renewing Air In Rooms.
Even where liberal air space is
allotted to each individual 1t is neces.
sary that the air Of room be com.
pletely changed at least once every
hour. In schools and factories where
there Is limited air space, per capita
arrangements are often made for
changing the air from five to seven
times per hour.
One gas burner consumes as much
oxygen as four and one-half men.
I have considered thus far the air
pOisons and deleterious matters de-
rived from the human body. Other
sources of contamination also exist
and are menace to health. l have
mentioned vapor Of water as an ingre-
dent of pure air. This vapor is quite
necessary to health, and its absence
occasions peculiar dryness Of the
skin and a stiffness In the head which
Is often the first stage Of common
cold The cold is directly caused by
microbes, but the system Is laid open
to their attacks by the conditions
above described.
The absence Of vapor Of water Is
usually the result Of faulty heating
methods. A hot air furnace or stove
will supply unduly dry air unless
some device Is used for supplying
moisture. Such devices are ordinarily
attached to furnaces in the form Of
! small reservoir opening into the air
supply. Neglect to keep this reservoir
filed with water is serious mistake
and may be responsible for much dis
comfort and illness. Where no such
device is a part of the heating appara-
tus a vessel of water should be placed
upon the stove or at some point where
the hot air will pass over it and take
up the moisture; otherwise it will take
the moisture from the body.
The temperature in the house should
not be allowed to rise above 6S de-
grees. Neglect Of this precaution is
frequently responsible for undue su5-
ceptibility to colds.
Some Ventilation Points.
In considering the practical problem
of ventilation the following items ave
Of most Importance:
The most efficient means of ventilht-
ing, especially in the winter time,. is
the heating system. The hot air fur
mace. which insures constant supply
of fresh outside air. is the best sys-
TEN il the air is supplied direct to
each room and the precautions taken
10 keep the air moist which ! have
already outlined. While this system
does not provide tor releasing bad air,
this usually escapes through the cracks
of doors and windows. 1t is deSir-
able, however, to have open freplaccS
wherever possible to insure the rapid
escape OF vitiated air. Where stoves
are employed the air is not changed
very rapidly. and the dangers of con
tamination from coal gas neceSsitatt
some special means Of ventilation. VI
excellent measure is to raise the lower
sash of window about four inches
and close the opening with al ar"u
rately lifting board. This will allow
the air to come in betwecn the tive
sash,.s without causing II draft. Tw'
holes mas he cut in this board an,
small boxes opening toward the r"ii
ing placed over them.
AS frequently as possible Hrlll'
rooms should be thoroughly ventilated
by opening all windows and doors an'
rapidly and completely changing TIT
air.
Where the hot water or steam SyS
2 fem is used for heating the above pre-
D cautions are also advisable. aS Sucl
4 systems do not provide any means q
ventilation.
: VentiIatina at Night.
The problem Of veniiIatuG ut h.g'
;, is much simpler, but in ali these MAJ
> ters common sense and caution INNS
be used In the winter time pre-
cautions should be- taken agalh'
=, drafts. but a thorough ventilation Il
rh,. sleeping rooms should he rigid
maintained regardless of the condiIio
= of the weather 1t Is usually poSS
- bic to have free ventilation Wnh"t
=, draft by property placing the bet
" The ideal method. however. is to NAY
" sleeping porch or balcony. where Oh
~ may sleep practically in the open. sue
Il porch can easily be adjusted Il
protection from inclemeut weather.
~ Another method is the window tea
~ This is very much like an ordina
window awning. but is placed on q
IT. inside Of the window. over the uND
SD part Of the sleepers body. complete
r. shutting him Off from the air OF Il
Us room. This method has the advantn
of insuring the constant breathing
Oh outside air without drafts and at
Is same time keeping the temperature
Gu the room fairly warm.
IS Not more than one person shou
w sleep In a small bedroom. II possit
ng children should sleep alone and ca
ng child have a room to itself,
c.,