davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1911-11-19
Manufacturer and Exporter

pointed TO il significantly.
That is one OF the things they will
. want" said he AS / said before. the
Chinese are good business men, and there
are few aids 10 business as practical as
that little bit of apparatus standing there.
! That and the telegraph will accompany
every step OF progress and electrical ma
/ Chinery and supplies OF ell kinds must al
most Immediately feel the stress OF an
accelerated use. Labor saving machinery
and all the things that minister TO the
comfort OF daily life. TO say nothing Of
! luXurics, will be wanted.
The improvement OF agriculture will re-
dure tremendous labor on the roads OF the
country, and wagons and trucks Will be
greatly In requsition as this improvement
proceeds. The construction OF railroads
and bridges will make demand for loco
motives. cars and machinery. rails and ties
and supplies
The Tribune representative, recalling the
thrashinss received in his early youth for
not doing exactly as he was told, remenl-
barei ia this connection the phrase Make
a Chinese copy" meaning, Don't write
what you think is meant, but follow your
pattern exactly" lie therefore ventured 70
suggest. that the Chinese would use the
various articles imported from Western ma
tions as models and almost Immediately
COPY them. producing duplicates az smaller
cost.
ITO be sure they willard that will be
a dne thing for US. for it will require their
importation OF steam engines and heavy
machinery for manufacturing establish
ments and mining plants. When, In time
these are made in China on large scale
commerce with the rest OF the world will
he more and more diversified. And right
here let me say word on the effect GER
tain 10 be increasingly felt by Chinese in
dustry due 70 the fall OF the silver eX-
changes Everybody knows that the meas
ure OF money values In China is silver. Oo-
cidentai nations. in adopting the gold stan
dard. have chosen 10 ignore the regulation
of the relations between gold and silver.
"A single illustration will explain what
mean. In 1897 the silver that u
gold piece could buy would pay the wages
of twenty five artisans in Chinese
factory To-day s. geld piece buys
/ enough silver To pay the wages ot sixty
similar artisans The result y that the
| American workman is constantly encoun-
tering more and more competition IN the
New-York tribune., 1911-11-19
Latest Plan Evolved to Bring
the Militia of the Coun-
try Up to the
Minute.

,-cpyright. 1911. by William T.. Atdorfer)
Asroplane corps for the national guard OF
.r.-v state in the Union is the latest plan
:, I-ncle Sam TO bring the militia Of the
.o,,trv I'D to the minute. These aeroplane
.orns are to be formed I'm conjunction with
,hs signal corps companies Of the national
sasrd already in existence. With this OBJ
ct IN view the War Department has de-
,sned Lieutenant Benjamin d. Foulois. pio-
,.er flyer in the government service, to
.,,ablish a comprehensive system Of aero
,sntical instruction for the national guard
18th headquarters at Washington.
Tirst trip 10 headquarters of the vari-
ans state militia throughout the country
riu be made by Lieutenant Fouois who
riu explain in person to the various ufli-
,,,s An command OF the state national
snsrd the purpose OF the government and
,ov Uncle sam intends TO 20 about intro
Apeing the system. His itinerary will in
clnde every state in the Union. Probably
those states already having an aeroplane
attachment as part OF their signal corps
oo,,napv will be the states frst visited II
is the intention OF the government TO as
sist the militia by direct personal instruc-
,ion as far as possible. and after the ac-
,usl formation OF the flying detachments
has been accomplished the officers in
charge Of each detachment will be re-
opested 20 make semi-annual trips to Uncle
sans nearest aviation school for further
instruction.
For this purpose there Will he govern
ment aviation schools established not only
at College Park, near Washington, but
also at Los Angeles. Cal: at Fort
Leavenworth. Leavenworth. Kan; OF Fort
sam Houston. san Antonio. Tex. ana
probably another near Chicago. In aGd.-
ton 10 these permanent aviation schools b.
IS probable the government will establish
other aviation schools a. suitable points I'm
the South where instruction in the art OF
Aying may he carried or during the winter
months when the schools located at Wash
tnston, Chicago and Fort Leayenworth may
New-York tribune., 1911-11-19
Aeropane Corps for National Every State the Union

Europe TO carry as many as ten passengers
N We substitute a few boxes OF ammuni
ton or other military supplies for the teH
or twelve passengers, supplies could be eo'
70 the front very quickly. However. these
are more or less vivid flights OF the I'M
eeinsticn into the future, but Il does ap
near To me that the possibilities OF ines
machines are tremendous. and no one
knows what the future will bling IN the'i
development.
The opening for signal corps troops with
the organized militia of the country JUST
at this time is very hopeful, because there
are a large number of enthusiastic and pa
triotic men interested in wireless teiegra-
phv. signal work of all kinds and aero
6ving who would doubtless willingly offer
their services 20 Uncle Sam In time Oh
war"
The militia division OF the War Depart
ment was organized in 1895. Lieutenant
Colonel r. VI. Weaver was the FIRST chiel
Of the division. and IL was then directly
under the Secretary Of War. in fact IL was
really a part Of his Office Shortly after its
organization il grew too large TO be handled
in that way. so it was reorganiZed as one
There are four OF these bureaus or di-
visions under the chief OF STAFF, divided
into the Division OF the Mobile Army, In
charge Of Major General William c. Carter;
Division Of Militia Affairs, in charge OF
Brigadier General r. X. Evans; Division OF
Field Artillery. in charge OF Brigadier Gen
eral r. NJ Weaver, and the War College
Division, under the direction Of Brigadier
| General W. W. Wotherspoon. The heads
| OF all these divisions are assistants TO the
/ chief Of staff and assist him In handling
| the immepse volume OF work that comes to
/ his Office
! The Division Of Militia Affairs is fur
ther divided into the infantry section, In
charge OF Captain Kirth and Captain Mer-
flI; aeld artillery section. Major Snow;
coast artillery section, Captain Carpenter;
: cavalry section, Captain Moseley; sanitary
section, Captain Thomasson, and the sig
nal corps and aviation section, under Lieu
F, tenant Benjamin A. Foulois
Brgadier General James Allen. chief of
the United States Signal Corps in speaking
OF the new departure in militia work said:
| Lieutenant Foulois will have entire
charge OF Militia Signal Corps work
Another officer not yet selected will be de-
| tailed TO go 10 San Antonio and continue
lights at that point. There is large army
post there and We intend to retain our avi-
| alton station at that fort II seems prob
able we shall soon be able to get more
officers for this work, but up to the presen,
this has been one of the greatest handi-
caps We have labored under
New-York tribune., 1911-11-19
THE WIRELESS IN ALASKA.

General Allen spoke OF the great stridef
made in wireless telegraphy during the last
year and mentioned the system now n. uae
In Alaska
"The most important wireless undcrtaA-
ing during the current year he said, has
been the construction and installation OF
chain of stations along the Yukon River IN
Alaska. This work was begun in January
and carried forward simultaneously. 80 mat
shipments could be made IN a manno pore
mitting all Of the stations TO go up al tho
same time and 10 pe finished, if pos. 'l''
I'm the very short working season a'aIi'''s
in that territory. The task INCLUDE" tN'
design and construction Of permanent ana
commodious houses for each OF theF' e."-
tions. capabe OF accommodating dupli'a
generating apparatus for each plant. "nd
serving also as an operating room ana it-
ing quarters for the signal corps d-'''n-
ment on duty as operators. The sri'nn'e
for these stations are supported from r.'"l
| towers constructed in the United states "il
shipped in parts 20 Alaska. They an" "c
the umbrella type. which has been iounb
! most efficient for this purpose
I'm conjunction with this series of s''-
tions down the Yukon River the signal
7
corps Of the army. in cooperation With tl9
Navy Department. proposes 70 provid" =
compiete chain Of wireless stations l.'i'ug
from the mainland Of the United state 80
Nome. on Norton Sound To this ond tne
Navy Department S. az present constructing
high power station near valdez, Alaska,
which. when completed, should be sbl" 20
connect with the signal corps statons 10
Fort Egbert. Circle. Fairbanks and Fort
Gibbon on the north and with the large
naval station at Tatoosh Island. or the
coast OF the state Of Washington.
This wireless undertaking f. farroa"n-
ing in its ultimate result aud viii furnish
complets telegraph system reaching the
principal points in Alaska, thus Duplicating
the present land line and cable system 80
that the chances Of interruption which arc
now dependent upon single cable AMI tele-
graph line will be materially reduced ana
the certainty Of communication at at sea-
sons to the interior of Alaska assured.
I'm addition to the main object ot THIS
wireless system. its completion VIII also
enable certain readjusments OF the land
telegraph system heretofore employed which
will materially reduce the burden ~ main
tenance through the long winter season on
certain portions Of the line
New-York tribune., 1911-11-19
AEROPLANES AT ARMY POSTS

In short time We expect to have aero
planes, with officers 10 operate them, at
every large post throughout the country.
Militia officers living near these posts can
go there and receive instruction in the
handling OF aeroplanes, and after they re-
tun TO their own companies can spread the
knowledge gained among the members.
I'VE also intend to organize wireless tele-
graph companies among the militia OF the
country as soon as possible The aero
corps will probably be organized into sep
arate companies. possibly sections, not less
than two machines in each section, which
is really the smallest which can operate
successfully. The plan Of organization OF
aero companies in the United States army
and the national guard will follow closely
the French plan OF organization. This plan
| includes two or more officers with six
men for each machine, aud these In turn
will be organized into sections OF two OF
more machines under the command OF q
captain.
! In the French army they have automo-
/ b.les for carrying aeroplane trucks from
| point 10 point, and also a number OF other
! larger trucks for carrying parts OF ma
CEinery and mechanics for repair work.
The aeroplane is placed on the truck, the
truck in turn Is attached 10 an automobile.
and then can be transported TO any part OF
the field desired.
The shortage in officers in the American
army is the most difficult problem We have
to meet at present. We have spent only
$4,000 OF our appropriation Of s10o00O. but
will be in the market for more aeroplanes
as soon as we can get officers to handle
them.
Aside from San Diego and San Antonio,
We expect to establish another station for
the winter on or near the Atlantic Coast.
We have been considering Augusta, where
there is United States arsenal and good
flying ground. We do not intend TO send
all our aviators and machines TO San Diego,
and Will retain the station at San An
tonic Tex, where we have one machine.
For some unknown reason San Antonio is
very poor flying locality. Because OF the
wind currents there. it is the hardest place
from which to get into the air ever tackled
by army aviators. II is a big post, how
ever, and We shall continue our practice
Fights at that place"
Signal corps officials are anxious TO make
New-York tribune., 1911-11-19
SIGNIFICANCE of China's Awakening

ing as a plumber in the royal palace. INC
royal gentleman produced the paper anu
with great discreuou-sNailowed II.
The curtain having been rung down on
the opera-boume in COres. AIR. ToWne
Journeyed eXtensively through China Ja-
pan and the philippines, coming In init
mate touch with diplomats, cousuls and
professional and business men OF the Far
East, which even then Was beginning TO
stretch and yawn and rub an eye iE prep
araton for the present awakening.
II suppose Japan has furnished the most
immediate agency Of Chiua's stung up
and taking notice" continued Nj. TOwnc
thousands Of Chinese students have been
sent abroad to study modern learning his
tory Of other nations. arts and sciences.
These students have been especially numcr-
Gus in Japan. which first domcsuoa,ed the
teaching and now imparts 10 at less exc
pense Of time and money than s. involved
by q more distant quest. There we've some
three thousand Chinese students in Toxic
when / was there -four years ago"
TIE Tribune representative recalled tnat
some one once said the addition Of an inch
80 the length Of every Chinaman.s shirt
would revouuonize the cotton INDUSTRY
M Towno was therefore asked what IT.
would probably mean 20 the American mar
ket TO have 40 o)0Coy people suddenly avail
abla a. customers
"The demand won't all come ~ oace d"
vas the reply, and this, let us remember.
ie a mighty fortunate circumstance for
they will not only want TO buy. but they
will want 20 sell. II nearly half q billion
people were suddenly TO enter the common
market " the world. adding demand pro
pogtionately equal % their numbers 10 the
nresent total international commerce, a
huge economic decentralization would result.
Another thing A very large part Of the
jnpetus 10 trade from the Chneee avak-
euinc giu be absorbed by China itself.
where already PROBABLY 250C0oO 900 pounds OF
cotton arc annually grown ard nsagly half
2 million gpiudlcs are bu-i'y at work upon
II pesides. under existing conditions. the
Cbirarnan's shirt is as long az ne can ar
ford IN have H. This consideration Illus
trates an economic fact of the first inn
nortspce--that throughout the thickly set
n.d rortions Of china population is trenca-
i,, rpop means Of subsistence. Wages are
low. The margin above bare necessities IS
,rscttcaitv nil. Harvesters earn from 10
| - ce,ts a day; farm help ~ or Sc "A year
and their keep, common laboreTs In the
New-York tribune., 1911-11-19

hay. to suspend operations on account OF
severe weather.
The plan for tho Instruction Of the ma
tlonal Fuard in the art Of aviation IS more
o. less tentative. The idea was only re-
ccnuy-nithin the last two weeks-taken
up actively by the military authorities and
hardly sufficient time has elapsed 10 per-
nit OF a complete plan being formed. An
ether thing that has delayed the matter
Is the Illness OK Lieutenant Foulois. who
vas taken seriously IN the day after his
appointment as officer i'm charge of the
militia signal corps and aviation division.
Lieutenant Foulois was compelled 10 go
70 the hospital. and shortly after his ar
rivsl there had 10 undergo an operation Tor
appendicitis. He has now entirely recov-
cred and viii take mp active worl, at once
IN pushing Uncle SANS latest scheme 10
prepare the national guard for taking an
important nart iu military operations Of the
future
About tWenty-clgnt or possibly twenty
nine states now have signal corps detach-
New-York tribune., 1911-11-19
A Pioneer Flyer in the Gov.
ernment Service Has
Been Detailed to
Carry 1t Out.

rapid strides In aviation. and intend push.
ing the project as much az possible. Al
one time II was thought it would be- neces-
sary to employ professional av.ators to help
carry on the work. but this idea was given
up because II would be entirely too expen-
sive for the government For q while tho
idea Of teaching enlisted men was discussed.
but after some hard thought the conclusion
vas reached that a private would no sooner
learn to fly than no would buy his releass
from the army and 20 with some private
company. thus dcpriving the government of
his services after teaching him to ~.
Signal corps troops" continued General
Allen, form a part Of the organized militia
in California. Colorado, Connecticut. Ill
pois Indiana Kansas. Kentucky. Louis
lana. Michigan, Missouri. Montana. N~-
braska. New Hampshire Now Jcrse'- Nf"
York. Ohio. Oklahoma. Rhode Island. Ner-
mont Texas. Utah. Washington. d." DE-
trict of Columbia and the Hawaia" 10
ards. These militia organizations are SON
erally composed OF professional men OF
technical ability. They are however nor
uniformly organized and equipped. 1hS
rapid development in the duties and use
fulness Of these troops in the last fe
wears. however has made the su'5e't "t
company organization important. and rem
ders il imperative for signal Organizations
10 specialize in their work and equipment.
il is no longer possible for detachinent
OF signal troops 10 take the field prepared
to perform all Of the classes OF WORK ne-
voivlng on the signal corps without speclAi
instruction beforehand.
In the event Of Wa thousands ot shiile'
telegraphers and electricians would b
available for service and they couh %
quickly and efficiently formed into base lins
companies OF signal troops, which are ~
provide the strategical lines Of Information
behind the armies in the field. Men cannot
be hastily formed, however into heid com
panies which are 10 provide the lines oe
! information for the tactical operations az
! the front. because the work Of held conf
panies requires much previous practice ana
1 teamwork. To provide these field eompa-
nes on the outbreak OF war, the organizer
militia must in time Of peace orsani1s
| and equip their signal organizations AZ
! field companies
New-York tribune., 1911-11-19

ciers ~ revolutiou!ze the entire economic
machinery of the country"
In your opinion, Mr. Towne. what COM
modities are going 10 be most quickly In
demand as soon as China gets on her feet
as II were?'
The former Senator thought a moment
Just then his telephone bell rang. After
he had answered and pushed the instru-
nent back again out OF his elbow zone hs
New-York tribune., 1911-11-19

rtcrl works s. a month, skilled mechanics,
Ss 90 Sl2
THE Chinese are frugal. patient. Indus
trious cheerful and capable laborers. They
produce shrewd and competent business
men. ! see 40 reason why, under improved
and settled conditions Of government, they
should not be able, with toe guidance OF
American. English French and Gerrnr1
engineers. captain4 Gf Industry and 6n1S'-
New-York tribune., 1911-11-19
AgRoPLANe OF THE UNITED STATES SIGNAL CORPS AND ITS


ever the Division OF Militia Affairs put-
Hshed a circular recently, by authority o.
the Secretary OF War making three sep
arate and distinct kinds OF signal corps
companies cr dctachments permissible. For
instance take a company Of Type \. This
Kind of company would include a total o.
lCs men, and would be suitable for the
larger and richer states, that could afford
proper appropriations. Then We have com
New-York tribune., 1911-11-19

signal corps companies Tor the regular
army are a large and expensive propcs'-
ton. 1t would not be practicable TO get
UP an exact duplicate Of the regular army
organization except in The larger and Tiche'
states o. the Unior-thosc st1tes that caA
afford to he liberal in appropriations for
their national guard.
In order to make f. possible 10 organize
some signal troops in all the states. how
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-07-28
Everybody Swat!

While the children are catching and
killing flies during this week and next in
their contest for The Stars twenty-seven
prizes, IL Will still be incumbent upon all
NasAinstonians to go right along in the
WORK VI eliminating this nuisance. Not
every dead fly need be gathered into a
collection box for delivery at the health
office The children. it is true, will be
doing the greater part of the work of fly
extinction, but much remains to be done
b. the housewives, even though theX have
10 interest in the reward that The Star
has offered. They may have no little
friends who are contestants for the prizes
to whom to turn over the results of their
own iiy fighting. and yet this is a golden
opportunity TO contribute to the health
OF " Washington. The advantage of AN
organized campaign of this sort is that
1t will sweep away the flies all at once,
thus making a new generation OF these
pests altogether unlikely. Considering
the propaSating possibilities of the fly,
there are good reasons why every one,
whether entered in The Stars contest or
not, should 90 after every fly in sight
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-07-28
Work Together for the Schools !,

Ignoring the unnecessary heat of ex-
preston in the correspondence passing
between the board % education and the
District commissioners with reference to
the curtailment of the school estimates
the situation which that controversy
creates is deplorable. II is anomalous
that there should be any division of
responsibility for the proper administra-
ton of the public schYls. They are an
intimate part OF the municipal organiza-
ton, and they should always be treated
as such in Iegislat ton and in conduct
Unfortunately Congress made serious
mistake several years ago in passing a
law which reorganized the public school
administration. taking the power of APP
pointing the school board from the Com
missioners and vestng it in the judges
of the District Supreme Court. The Star
1T the time pointed out the gravity of
this error. showing clearly that from
such a separa ton of school administra-
ton from the responsible government
of the District would flow consequences
inimical 10 the welfare of the schools,
particularly noting the likelihood of fric-
ton over the school finances.
There can be no question of the right
of the District Commissioners to revise
the estimates of the school board. Their
authority to do so rests upon the organic
act of 1878. which provides that 1.-The
annual estimates Of the District of Co.
lumbia shall be transmitted to Congress
by the Commissioners of the District OF
Columbia" This means the estimates for
the entire District administration. Nc
.;Asequent legislation has deprived the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-07-28

| Commissioners of any degree of jurisdic-
ton over or responsibility for the esti-
mates for any particular branch Of local
] government. The school board cannot
| in this case contend successfully that
the Commissioners must submit to Con-
gress without change the estimates pre-
pared by the board for school admins
tration and extensions. II they were
| thus compelled to submit the school
boards estimates intact there would be
no system whatever in the formulation
of the annual local budget. The Com
missioners would be constantly handi-
capped In their supposedly sincere efforts
to secure an equitable distribution OF
the available local funds between the
various branches of the District admin
stration.
1t is always to be assumed that in
their revision of the school boards es-
Inmates the Commissioners will act with
consideration and discretion. In this
present controversy it is alleged on the
one side that the estimates were cut by
the Commissioners to the injury of the
colored schools. without the exercise OF
care and judgment, the cuts being made
at the end of the list at haphaZard. The
Commissioners deny any intention to dis
criminate, and suggest that If the colored
schools were Disseminated against 1t was
through the course of the board of edu-
cation in placing the estimates for the
colored schools at the end of the list,
where they would be in the way of the
blue pencil. In this controversy an UNI
fortunate luminosity has developed which
cannot help the schools of the District,
but which must, rather, work to the
injury of both. The exchange of sharply
phrased. satirical letters will not effect
the readjustment of relations. by statute
or by administrative agreement, that is
eminently desirable for the welfare OF the
public schools. Congress having made
an obvious mistake in separating the
schools from the municipal administra-
ton, while the organic act and the neces-
sites of the case continue to vest the
Commissioners with supervision over the
estimates, it should be the effort of the
Commissioners and the members OF the
school board constantly to WORK in har-
mony, in order that the public schools
of the District may be restored TO their
once high estate of efficiency.