davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1911-10-25
Roosevelt Says People Should
Control Judges.
FOLLOW OU1W0RN PHILOSOPHY
Expresses High Admiration for Judi.
ciary, but Asserts That Judges
Occasionally Exceed Powers.

New York, Oct. 21.-The judiciary
of the United States must be brought
within the control and answerable to
the we'll thought out judgment OF the
people, in the opinion of Theodore
Roosevelt, who spoke on THE Con
servation of Womanhood and Child
hood before the Civic Forum. This
control, in Mr.. Roosevelt's judgment,
should be exercised more cautiously
and in different fashion than the con-
troll by the people over the legislator
and the executive, but the control
must be there"
Control of judges, Mr.. Roosevelt
said, was but half-although by far
the more important part-of a pro-
gram which should be carried out for
proper conservation of manhood, wo-
manhood and childhood. The first
half of the program, he said, consist
ed in placing upon the statute books
of nation and states legislation to
remedy existing defects.
Mr. Roosevelt advocated enactment
by congress of the bill providing for
bureau to be known as the children's
bureau and to gather, classify and
distribute accurate information on all
subjects relating to the welfare of
children. He urged working women
to organize as working men now are
organized.
Courts Misapprehend Relations.
Experience is the last twenty-five
years, the speaker declared, has
shown that while the people may be
aroused to sound and high thinking
and their legislative and executive Of
fcers try to carry out their purpose,
yet that the whole movement for
good may come to naught because
certain judges, certain courts are
stepped in some outworn political or
social philosophy and totally misap-
)rehend their relations to the people |
md to the public needs" He con-
inued:
81 have the very highest regard, the
highest respect and admiration for the
judiciary. l believe the courts have
endered our people incalculable serv-
ces. I crticise the decision of judges |
'nly by adopting as my own the Ian
,uage used about these same decisions
~ the highest judges in the land; by,
or instance, the present chief justice
# the United States, Mr.. Justice
White; by Mr.. Justice Holmes; by that
treat and upright servant of the peo-
lie, the lamented Justice Harlan; by
he supreme court of the state of Iowa
nd the supreme court of the state of
l have never taken a
position in advance of that taken by
Abraham Lincoln"
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1911-10-25
Chicago Live Stock.

Chicago, Oct. observation-disclosures,
s4.75@S75; Texas steers, $4.10@6.1O;
Western steers, $4.25@7.25; stockers
end feeders, $3.25@5.S0; cows and
heifers, $2.OO@615; calves, $1,000
900. Hogs-Light, $5.95@6.65; mixed !;
$6.O5@6.65; heavy, $6.0O@6.65; rough,
s6.00@625; good to choice heavy,
s6.25@6.65; pigs, $3.75@6.OO. Sheep
Native, $225@3.75; yearlings, $4,000
425; lambs, $3.75@6.00.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1911-10-25
.PR0CRESS|VES FAVOR
WISCONSIN SENATOR
Chicago Conference Endorses La
Toilette for President.

Chicago, Oct Ex-senator La Fol.
lette was endorsed as the progressive S
candidate for president without dis.
sent. The conference of progressives
was La Toilette demonstration from
start to finish. Now that the first
gun has been fired since the move
ment has crystalized around a candi-
date politicians are weighing it's sig
nificance.
G. l.. Record, chairman, halls from
Woodrow Wilson's state and is lead
ing progressive senator. TO NJ. B.
Clapp, Western progressive, was as
signed the task of presenting La Fol
lette's name to the conference. eau
tious progressives, typifed in James
r. Garfield, had no show. Roosevelt's
name was hardly mentioned and if
Garfield came with a message from
Oyster Bay La Toilette enthusiasts
SmOthered it.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1911-10-25
MINNEAPOLIS Grain,

Minneapolis, Oct. 21.-Wheat-Dec.,
Silly @111%; May, $1.14A. Cash
close on track: No. 1 hard, s1.12Ns /;
No. 1 Northern, s1.12@1125s; to ar
rive, s1.11% @1.12as; No. 2 Northern,
$1O93s @110; to arrive, S1.0Sas OIL
1925; No. 8 Northern, $1.05@1.06B;
No. yellow corn, 73c; No. 4 corn,
Tic; No. 8 white oats, 46@46kc; to
arrive, 45hc; No. 3 oats, 42h@45c;
barley, 6Sc@$1.1S; flax, $2.37; to ar
rive, 1924.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1911-10-25
Minneapolis & St. Louis r. r.
A Medieeae that gives Csafideaee

Is Foley's Honey and Tar Com
pound, Mrs. II. j. Adams, 522 No.
Kansas Ave-, Columbus, Kas., writes:
''For number OF years my children
have been subject to coughs and colds.
I used Foley's Honey and Tar Com
pound and found that it cured their
coughs and colds, so l keep it in the
house all the time" Refuse substi-
tutes. O. NJ. Olsen.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1911-10-25
CHICAGO Grain and Provisions.

Chicago, Oct. 21.-Wheat-Dec., ST..
O2%@10212; May, $1.06B @1.07. Corn
Dec, 66Ac; May, 66%c. Oats-Dec.,
4sAc; May 50R@50Hc. Pork-Jan.,
$3.50; May, $3.50. Butter-Cream-
cries, 23@29c; dairies, 19@26c. Eggs
-15@22c. Poultry-Turkeys, lac;
chicknes, &c; springs, 10kc.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1911-10-25
Averts Awful Tragedy.

Timely advice given Mrs. c. Will
loughby, of Marengo, Wis, (R. No.
y prevented dreadful tragedy and
saved two lives. Doctors had SAID
her frightful cough was a "consum-
ton" cough and could do little to help
her. After many remedies failed, her
aunt urged her to take DR.. Kings
New Discovery. 81 have been using
it for some time, "she wrote ''and the
awful cough has almost gone. 1t also
saved my little boy when taken With a
severe bronchial trouble" This
matchless medicine has no equal for
throat and lung troubles. Price Soc
and s1.O0. Trial bottle free. Guaran-
eed by o. NJ. Olsen.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1911-10-25
BODIES TAKEN FROM WRECK
Twenty More corpses Recovered From
BattIeship Maine.

Havana, Oct. 22.-Twenty corpses
from the petty officers quarters and
berth deck of the battleship Maine
were removed from the wreck to Ca
banas fortress. About forty-five bodies
have now been recovered since the
work of raising the sunken craft be-
gan.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1911-10-25
GRAIN AND PROVISION PRICES
Duluth Wheat and Flax.

Duluth, Oct. 21.-Wheat-On track
and to arrive, No. hard, $1.13A; No.
1 Northern, $1.12b; No. Northern,
S1.O9h; Dec, $1.10h; May, $1.14%
Flax-On track and in store, $2.3S; to
arrive, 1924; Oct, $2.3s; Nov, 1924;
Dec, 2.30; May, 1927.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1911-10-25
st. Paul Live Stock.

st. Paul, Oct. 21.-Cattle-Good to
choice steers, $6.5O@7.0O; fair to good,
s5.75@6.35; good to choice cows and
Eeifers, $4.75@5.25; calves, $4.75@7.-
IS. Hogs-$6.20@6.35. Sheep
Wethers, s3.25@3.50; yearlings, 1925
@4OO; lambs, $4OO@5.O0.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1911-10-25
LOSES CONTROL OF MACHINE
Aviator Eugene 3. Ely Crushed to
Death at Macon, Ga.

Macon, Ca, Oct. 2O-Eugene B.
Ely, aviator, whose parents live at
Davenport. Ia, was killed at the state
fair grounds when his machine, after
a sensational dip, plunged fifty feet
to the ground. He fell, in the pres
ence of nearly 5000 persons. to the
middle of the Enclosure of the race
track. He almost cleared the machine
by desperate leap when he realized
his peril.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1911-10-25
IMPERIAL ARMY
IS DRIVEN BACK
Chinese Rebels Win Decisive
Victory at HankoW.
BATTLE RACES TWO DAYS
Government Land and Naval Forces
Compelled to Retire From Scene
Of Engagement.

Hankow, Oct PA two days bat
tie between the government forces
from the north and the revolutionists
ended in victory for the latter. The
rebels forced the imperial troops to
retreat to point ten miles north of
Hankow. The loyalist gunboats drop
ped down the river several miles.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1911-10-25
RESULTS ON The GR|DlRON

Minnesota 81, Nebraska 3.
Wisconsin 26, Colorado 0.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1911-10-25
Aoi |i| HIVES IL
RAILWAY

GOING EAST.
& No 5O4-Dsily, new line. 4:25 . m
Thro 70 Twin Cities and the East.
No 24-Ex Sunday, old line. 500 9 10
Connects ut KasOta ior Twin Cities and at
Msnkat0 Junction for the East.
No 5l4-Daily, new line. ..... 1889 p m
.Thro to. Twin. Cities and the East
I No o. Daily, old line. 1880. .3:41 p m
No lex Sunday, new line. $3.50 p m
Connects at Mankato for points South
on Omaha.
GOING WEST.
Ol-Daily, new line .....1:O6 10
Thro from Twin Cities and the East.
13-Ex Sunday, old line. .o:l2 n
Thro to Tracy.
No sos Daily, new line. 1:39 p m
Thro from Twin Cities and the East
No.23-Daily,o old line. .....l:35 p m
No 27-Ex Sunday, old line. $40 m
Connects at Mankato Junction with trains
from East and at Kasota with Twin Cities
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1911-10-25

retreat to point ten miles north o
Hankow. The loyalist gunboats drop
ped down the river several miles.
Peking, Oct. 21.-The rebels over
whelmingly defeated the imperia
troops at Hankow, according to {
message received here from the scene
of the battle at Kiukiang.
Direct communication with Hankow
is still interrupted and few details
are available.
Diplomats here do not believe that
foreigners at Hankow are in much
danger, a. accommodation can easily
be found for all of them aboard the
ten or twelve cruisers and gunboats
of the city, but it is feared they may
suffer heavy property loss if forced
to abandon their homes and places OF
business.
From the governments standpoint
the seriousness of the rebel victory at
Hankow cannot be exaggerated.
Literally millions of Chinese have
been awaiting the outcome of the
fighting there to decide whether to re-
main loyal or to cast their lot with
the revolutionists.
The latter having won it is a fore
gone conclusion that the outbreaks
will begin starting up in every direc-
ton. There is growing belief that
the present government is doomed.
In Picking itself the we'll to do Man
chus are preparing to flee the cOun-
try.
Whole Section in Rebel Hands.
Yuan Shi Kai's appointment as
commander-in-chief of the Yangtse-
khan valley is officially considered as
something of joke, inasmuch as
the whole of the valley is
under rebel control and not the slight
est attention will be paid to his edicts.
The authorities are massing troops
to defend the approaches to Picking at
present, but disaffection is so general
that there is hardly regiment in the
entire army which can be relied on.
Scores of old soldiers go over to the
rebels daily. What has especially sur.
prised foreigners here has been the
with which the Chinese,
always heretofore considered an anti
military race, have fought since the
uprising started. Much of the fight
Ing has been at close quarters with
the bayonet, and in every engagement
the dead have been actually piled in
heaps before either side would give
way.
The rebels, wherever victorious,
continue to show the greatest consid-
Grafton for foreigners, but it is ap-
preciated that this is due to the lead
ers' intelligence and that the rank
and file are as bitterly anti-foreign as
ever.
In diplomatic circles it is gravely
feared that the masses will sooner or
later get out of hand, in which case
every European and American IN
China will be in the utmost danger.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-01-03
GERMAN HERO FUND is
GIVEN BY CARNEGIE
1t Is $3.50, 900, and Makes
a Total Now of $780,
600

BERLIN, Dec. 31.--Andrew Carnegie
has given $1.25o.0oo to establish a hero
fund in Germany.
This is tn fourth hero fund" estab-
1ished by Mr.. Carnegie. The original
endowment was made in April. 1904
when 100000 was placed in the hands
of a commission composed of 81 resi-
dents of Pittsburg, Pa, who were In
structed to use the annual proceeds OF
the fund In the benefit OF dependents
of those losing their lives in heroic ef-
fort to save their fellowmen or for the
heroes themselves If injured only.
The beneficiaries were confined to
those associated with acts performed
within the United States, Canada and
New Foundland and the waters thereof
In 1908 Mr.. Carnegie gave s1,25o,0o0
for the creation of hero fund in Great
Britain. In the following year he es-
tablished a similar FUND in France by
the gift of 100000. The total set
apart for this purpose is now $S,5o0.000
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-01-03
FRUIT EXCHANGE FILES
REPLY TO SOUTHERN RY.
Brief Has Been Sent to Inter-
state Commerce Commits
sion at Washington

The Georgia Fruit exchange through
its counsel Watkins a Latimer, of this
city has filed with the interstate COM
merce commission at Washington, d. C.,
its reply brief in answer to that Of the
Southern Railway company ct al. In
the petition which has been filed by the
exchange against the railroads they are
seeking to reduce the minimum car load
weight for hauling peaches from 22.b00
to 10000 pounds or from $50 to AS
crates per car
II has been shown by the Georgia
Fruit exchange that the grower is COM
PEELED to pack his Georgia peaches in
such a congestedf manner as to be in
furious to them in order to get the
beneft OF the full amount of tonnage
for which he is compelled to pay in
making a car load shipment OF peaches.
It has been further shown by the ex-
change that II is impossible for the re-
frigerator cars to properly refrgerate
SIS crates of peaches or 22.6o0 pounds
of fruit Numerous Witnesses have testi-
fed that the top layer of peaches In a
22,5OO-pound packed car. is almost IN
variably in bad condition when IT ar
rives at destination. due 70 the lack OF
refrigeration IN the car.
1t is expected that the arguments on
this famous case. which means so much
10 me fruit growers of Georgia will DO
heard by the Interstate commercs com
mission in washington in March and
that a decision will be given by the
commission before the 1911 peach crop
movement begins
This is another fight which the e1-
change as a cooperative organization
has been enabled to take up for the
fruit growers which was not possible
through the individual efforts or the
growers before the exchanges was or
ganized.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-01-03

strong enough and their lifting power is
sufficient for consignments OF diamonds
and silks and similar commodities hav-
ing little bulk and great value and
which now pay big tribute at the GUS
toms barriers.
with the coming OF the commercial
air fleets there will be for time q
worldwide saturnalia OF smuggling, he
foresees. to be followed by the read
tustments of nations to the new age
the aerial age-and then an unexampled
freedom of exchange and lasting
peace. For with the walls at the boun-
daries Of nations gone there would be
no occasion left for war.
Nearly every one hitherto has dwelt
upon the possibilities of the air fleets
as engines of war and their predatory
swoops from the upper air and their
grim facility in dropping dynamite upon
defenseless towns have been put into
graphic tales.
These are dreams. Moissant thinks
mere literary Nightmares. War there
might be then. aerial squadrons. but not
wanton war
The common business interests Of the
nations would intervene to prevent the
wholesale bombardment OF cities from
fleets above.
PERFECT AERIAL VESSELS.
But, said Moissant. coming back to
his first statements. what will seriously
disturb existing conditions will be the
perfecting of aerial vessels to carr,
freight When this is done the trade
of the world will be changed and the
whole system of governments, now de-
pendent upon frontier revenues-a form
of income collected to finance a mill
tary establishment maintained largely
to enable the countries to make that
collection possible-will become obsolete
The tariff walls will take their places
with the porticullis and moat.
And Moissant predicts this. not for
remote day, but as a reconstruction,
dynamic and Irresistible, the signs and
portents of which now fill the sky.
He. predicts that the whole science OF
aviation will be startling in its new
discoveries.
Already, as he has well said, progress
in aviation is swifter than in any field
man has sought to dominate.
was greatly impressed with Mois-
SAINT, the architect and builder, practi-
cal mecnanician, economist, climber of
the sky For he has indeed hitched his
Chart to the armament And his mind
has seemingly taken the poise and free
dom OF the winged successes that lift
him above the long paths that lead no
man yet knows where.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-01-03
sprinr has como,

Spring has come;
Most people will decline 20 believe that
statement on January l. But Il you are
q doubter, Just get on trolley car and
20 out to the residence Of the Rev. H @
Dennis, Gray street near the federal
prison, and he viii prove to you that
spring is really here. Take note OF the
fact that Mr.. Dennis is minister of the
gospel.
Form the back yard OF the divinos
residence there is q peach tree, and on
that tree there are exactly three bios
SONS One Of the blossoms is fully open.
while the other two are large buds and
will probably be fully open by Sunday
afternoon.
Did anybody eyer hear of = peach tree
in Atlanta beginning to blossom on the
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-01-03
MoiSsant's Imagination
I Is Shown in This Interview

NEW YORK, Dec s1.-The Following
recent interview with John B. Moissant
the aviator who was killed at New Or
leans, shows his remarkably vivid in.-
agination.
BY B. W. HARBOLDT.
John B. Moissant is as daring in
thought as he is in flight. ! talked with
him an hour and went away with a new
sense of the sublime and of impending
changes profoundly important to the ma
tons.
What he said in regard to the revolu-
tionary effect of triumphal aerial flight
upon the worlds traffic and interna-
tional comfy was a vivid and earnest
prophecy of things he believes TO be
Immediately in store.
Moissant predicts that within five
years safe federation of the powers
forced upon them through enlightened
self interest. will be brought to pass
by e-carrying aircraft The
traffic of these winged merchant ships
will defy tariff walls bciew. They viii
compel complete read5ustment in the
codes of the nations. They win, he
prophcsies, virtually efface politica,
boundaries.
Johrstone went two miles into the
upper abyss His craft soon passed be-
You'd vision. Thus the aerial fleets, al
ready sailing a sea that has no shore
can pass on paths not visible to the
watchful nations below.
FULL OF SMUGGLERS.
In this Moissant sees an Irresistible
lure to contraband commerce. as ht
phrases it. The skies win be full oil
srnuggiers, If indeed they are not al
ready plying their lucrative trade across
GONE OF the European frontiers
The monoplanes. biplanes and tri
nlanes. even of present construction ar.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-01-03
TRANSIT COMPANY WILL
NOT HAVE TO TESTlFY

CHICAGO, Dec u.-The interstate
commerce commission today was restrain
ed from forcing the Goodrich Transit
company, a steamship line doing busi-
ness on the great lakes. to come before
II and testify to Its affairs and from
forcing the company to adopt q con-
formity bookkeeping system. Judges
Grosscup. Baker and Seaman In the UNI
ted States circuit court entered a stay
order against the commission delaying
proceedings until the company will have
a chance to present its claims to the new
commerce court.
Counsel for the steamship company as
serted the United States supreme court
will be asked to rule on the extent to
which the commission. can control affairs
of water carriers.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-01-03
SPANISH CABINET SENDS
RESIGNATION TO KING

MADRID, Dec. s1.-The cabinet held
. meeting this afternoon and voted 20
present It's resignation TO King Alfonso
tomorrow. but to accompany the resig-
nation with the statement that IL was
ready to submit 20 q vote Of confidence.
The situation IL not considered TO
partake OF the nature of q ministerial
crisis. Premier Canalejas. who consid-
ers that q great part OF his program has
been accomplished merely wished re-
newed expression Of the support of the
king. after which be viii thoroughly
organize the cabinet with possibly a
change IN the ministries OF public In
struction, interior and public works.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-01-03

the accident
Hoxsey. they, said, was q skfllful avia-
tor, but inclined at times to take I'M
necessary risks.
Hoxsey began his training here last
May
According to Orville and Wilbur
Wright, Hoxsey was very apt pupil
While practicing and studying the art OF
flying during his stay in Dayton.~ Hoxzez
never had the opportunity OF displaying
his daring to the fullest extent for sew
eral reasons. but It was apparent that he
was rather reckless in the handling Of his
machine.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-01-03
MARRIAGE OF DAUGHTER
CAUSES FATHERS DEATH

CHARLOTTE. N. c.. Dec. s---A spe-
cial from Greensboro. N. c., says that
Andrew weatherly, aged co. a promi-
nent business man of that city and Of
hikh social standing throughout the
state. was instantly killed by a train
near Madison, n c.. this morning. The
body was so horribly mangied that
Identification was almost impossible.
1t is said that he deliberately threw
himself in front Of the train. He had
been brooding over the marriage OF hts
favorite daughter. who was recently
married and who is now on her wedding
tour.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-01-03
BURLEY TOBACCO MEN
NAME THEIR DELEGATES

LEXINGTON, KY. Dec si.-Buriey
tobacco growers In many counties OF
kentucky met at county seats today
and elected delegates TO the general
convention at Lexington January D.,
which win consider plans Of comDina-
ton among the. planters.
Dispatches received here tonight show
that as far. as the vote has proceeded
sentiment Is about equally divided be-
tween pooling the 1911 crop and elimi-
mating that for 1912 and cent out" In
1911 with pool IA 1872.
The majority OF tobacco growers pres
emit at today's meetings were said to
be farmers who have refused TO pool
or eliminate drops heretofore.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-01-03
A PEACH TREE IS BLOOMING
IN ATLANTA ON JANUARY ]

last day Of the year, Wen. at arr rate.
Mr.. Dennis has been = cftinen 's< At
lanta for the past IS years. He Il q lover
of nature and has careful eye On the
antics OF nature. but he declares that
never before has he seen . peach Tree IN
bloom on December 81.
Mr.. Dennis goes further and declares
that he has never even heard Of q tres
blooming at this time OF the year, and
didn't think that one could bloom. until
he looked upon the miracle IN his own
back yard.
Mr.. Dennis can m no way Account for
the unusual Occurrences. He states that
the tree is some distance from the resi-
dence. exposed TO four winds and hs can 1
see why II should take q notion 20 bloom
several months ahead OF time
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-01-03
Reds Sail for America

LONDON. Dec. s1.-Whitelaw Reid,
the American ambassador to Great Brit
ain, and Mrs. Reid sailed for New York
on the steamer Caronia today for two
months holiday at home.
Ambassador and Mrs. Reid probably
Will spend much OF their vacation in
California They are accompanied by
their son. Ogden Reid, and win be poin-
ed later by their daughter, Mrs John
H Ward. who win sail for New York
January Z.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-01-03
NEW YORK SOUTHERNERS
GIVE NEW YEAR RECEPTION

NEW YORK. Dec IA smack Of
true southern hospitality was added TO
the lEusto OF New Years in New York
tonight by the members OF the newly
formed Southern club Of the city, who
kept open house for their friends
1t was the first reception OF the club
and was graced with southern cheer and
good fellowship. The club rooms were
thronged with guests and promptly on
the stroke OF u the sound Of clinking
glasses rang out the old and rang In the
new year President Airoabeau Towns
presided. assisted by DR.. ". E. Fitch,
first vice president