davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1911-12-07

President Tafts message created full
ly as much Of stir as one Of Cover
nor CAROLS state documents.
With fifteen days more in which to
buy these good roads will serve us well
in a time Of need.
If these times when farm sales in,
volve the sudden marketing OF from
$1,000 to $4,000 worth Of property the
farm merchant finds a valuable invest
ment in an advertisement which goes
into the homes Of his possible pur-
chasers. One active bidder thus at
tracted to the sale returns profits to
ten times the cost of the ad.
In Iowa there are few who would
test. The delegation should parcel out
the jobs and put it up to the president
to deliver or repudiate.
Those who complain that the rail-
roads are not boosting to increase the
population Of Iowa should be reminded
that railroads are conducted for pri-
vate profit. The only way railroad
can make any money out Of unim-
proved lands is to remove some Of
Iowa's surplus capital to them and the
| only way they can make any more
money out of Iowa capitalists thar
! they are now doing is to remove the
| capitalists amout with tickets In their
hats.
! The preachers overlooked it in thei,
sermons but just now we are all thank
full for the weather. Thirty days O
this will break the price of hay which
will be a godsend to the fellow WHIT
must buy and do no harm to him WHIT
has hay to sell.
But remember just sixty days hence
we will have three days Of threatened
coal famine.
Nicholas Longworth declares that h
will do ail he can TO dissuade Al
father -in-law from becoming the stan
card bearer of the republican party Il
1912. Without an effort on his par
Nick can furnish the best excuse VIII,
the colonel Is not chosen.
| The returns from the Los Angelo
election knock one favorite argumen
against suffrage into a cooked hat
Woman will vote when she has the op
portunity.
i Link" Steffens has been assigne
to his class by Judge Bordwell. tn
classification viii be generally accept
ed as proper.
The international livestock show
becoming an Iowa institution and tn
only reason Iowa exhibitors fail to &c
all the prizes is because Of the fae
that the management insists on 1imlt
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1911-12-07

the criminal are shout - follows:
II you commit 4 murder, 1t II Q better
than > to shot that you will never Be
brought to trial.
It - better than 10 to shot that
you will never be sentenced to the
penitentiary.
It is betted than an so to shot that
you will never be hanged or electro
cuted.
These facts, for AS such they must
be- considered, are startling to the per-
son who has prided himself az living
in law abiding country where the
| wicked are punished, and the rtSht
eventually maintains. The fact will.
or should cause the opponent OF capt.
tai punishment or the exponent of the
"unwritten law" to stop and consider.
Another startling fact is that IN pro-
portion more murders are committed
by native Americans than by our for
eign born citizens. This is explained
by the fact that the foreigner comes
to this country with a goodly respect
for the law. AS against our small per-
centage of convictions the countries OF
Europe can chow percentages of con-
victicns from SO to 80 per cent.
Crime crops out in the second gen.
Grafton Of the citizens of foreign ex
traction. Our prison records show that
the prison populat ton is about two and
! one half times greater proportionately
among those born Of foreign parentage
than among our native born. This
would prove that crime among the Off
spring of foreign born is greater than
among native born. or that our social
condition is such that the native has
greater chance to escape the penalty
of his crimes than the child of for
eign land.
The condition Of affairs in America
today may be largely charged to the
iaxity Of the courts or to the exist
ence Of too many laws by which the
guilty may escape his just deserts.
Captain Peter C. Hams, convicted Of
murder, serves G short sentence
and receives pardon. DR.. B..
C. Hyde, secures a new trial. after
having been convicted, because the
word "the" had been omitted from be-
fore the word state" in papers per-
tanning to the trial. Mrs. Gertrude Glib
son Patterson was given her liberty
because we have come to recognize a
foolish mythical code known as an
''unWritten law" 1t is small wonder
that human life is taken when 1t is 80
easy to escape the punishment.
Every man and woman is entitled to
G fair trial and to be judged according
to the evidence in the case as shown at
trial. But, it is neither just to society
as a whole nor to the individual
who serves his term in tho peniten-
tiary for petty crime, that the murderer
should be allowed to go unpunished be-
cause our laws permit of technicalities
to interfere with the carrying out Of
justice, or because the takers Of human
life may walk to freedom thru "unwrit-
ten laws" or because woman has a
pretty face and figure.
Life is sacred and 1T Is the duty of
the courts to protect It insofar as they
can remove from society those known
to be guilty Of murder.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1911-12-07

1.-The sudden finish Of the Nc
Namara case" says the Register and
Leader" has been a godsend to the
fellows who like to rush into print
with their opinions"
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1911-12-07

The Cedar Rapids Gazette believes
1t extremely doubtful If Detective
Burns gets a very stiff sentence on
that kidnapping charge"
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1911-12-07
menting on the presidents achieve
ment In reducing his annual message
TO 5000 words.

menting on the presidents achieve
ment in reducing his annual message
10 5000 words.
The Mapleton Press says that maxi
ing vast fortunes IL dead easy. If real
estate men do not prevaricate.
The Cedar Rapids Republican an
nounces itself against the third term
idea now that Allison is dead. and
concludes. "this country does not want
third term presidents. The country
Is not SO miserably poor that 1t has
to use the same man over and over
for its highest office"
at seems strange" says the Oska-
loosa Herald, ITO have a conference in
Des Moines nominate candidate for
congress in the Sixth district. We
have good hotels in Newton, Grinnell.
Oskaloosa, ottumwa, sigourney or
Bloomfield"
Really, how very few people will be
interested in the book written and
published by the aunt of the king Of
Spain thru the publication Of those
two rather long kilograms exchanged
between Them" predicts the Keokuk
observation-disclosures 1T rather
looks like AL had compromised his
l1ingly dignity by falling to a press
agents little scheme"
"a Burlington mother is confined to
her home with a broken rib, the result
Of a playful kick by her infant child.
Unfortunately says the Burlington
Gazette, "for the future hopes of the
local football team the kicker happens
to be of the feminine gender
1.-The Des Moines commissioners bid
fair to make the Des Moines plan the
biggest joke in the country" says the
Boone Republican. Certain 1t is, that
the whole thing has run into politics
to deeper degree than any Of the
cid fashioned ward councilmen were
ever guilty Of"
"Give President Taft credit for being
willing to admit that he has blum
dered," says the Cedar Rapids Gazette.
How many men in office are as can
did? The most confirmed opponent
of Taft ought to be willing to concede
that the big fellow is one of the most
honest men who have ever been
elected to office"
1.-The sudden finish of the Nc
Namara case" says the Register and
Leader" has been a godsend to the
fellows who like to rush into print
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1911-12-07
IOWA OPINION AND NOTES.

Presumably there are times when
he president wishes he had no pat
'onage to distribute in Iowa." says
he Des Moines Tribune.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1911-12-07

Taft beats Roosevelt to a frazzle
n one particular Of progressiveness,"
says the Waterloo Courier, COM
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1911-12-07
Topics of the Times

President Tafts message created full
ly as much Of a stir as one of Cover
nor CAROLS state documents.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-10-19
WENDELL IDAHO, OCTOBER 10, 1911

made at Wendell, DR.. H. +. Jack
son having the second best with a
record of 1.54. This goes Il long
way to show what can be done with
the dairy in this county.
Nothing has ever been done in
this county that has brought the
splendid resources of this section of
the state so much before the public
and had good and far reaching effect
as has the 1911 County fair. Let
us then get together for a bigger,
better and more splendid exhibition
of our agriculture resources at the
1912 Fair, which will be held at
Shoshone.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-10-19
CONFIDENCE
We Back up Our Statements With
Our Personal Reputation
And Money

We are so positive that we can relieve
constipation, no matter how chronic if
may be, that we offer to furnish the
medicine free OF all cost if we fail.
We think that it is worse than useless
to attempt to cure constipation with
carthartic drugs. Carthartics NAV do
much harm. They may cause reaction.
irritate and weaken the bowels. and
make constipation more chronic.
Constipation is often accompanied and
may be caused by weakness Of the nerves
and mucles OF the large intestine or
colon. To expect cure you must there
fore tone up and strengthen those parts
and restore them to healthier activity.
The discovery OF the active principle
of our remedy involved the labor of skill
full research chemists. This remedy pro-
duces results such as are expected from
the best OF the bcst-known intestinal
tonics, and it is particularly prompt in
its results.
We want you to try Rexal Orderlies
on our guarantee. They are exceedingly
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-10-19
BRENETIES

J. F. McBurney of Wendell has
the prize dairy COW of the state.
Mrs. II. +. Barrett is recovering
from her recent attact of appended
tbs.
Mr.. H. l.. HOLSTER of Chicago,
paid short visit to the tract last
week.
DR.. H. f. Lamb, Physician and
Surgeon. Offices in the LIST NATL
Bank building.
Mr.. Amos Boyson has moved his
barber shop to the old post Office
building.
Miss Blanche Watson went to
Boise Monday to take in the latter
part of the fair.
The North Side exhibit created
great deal of comment at Boise
1t was probably the best piece of
advertisement this section has ever
had.
Mr.. Fullerton of the Fullerton 4
Watson department store arrived in
Wendell Wednesday from Iowa.
Mr.. Fullerton makes his home in
Iowa but has extensive business in
terests at this place.
Several Wendell people took in
the Inter Mountain fair at Boise
last week, among whom were Robert
Smith, Merl Weinberg, Mrs. Mil
Ter, Mr.. and Mrs. c.. NJ. Weinberg.
Miss Hazel Miller, Mr.. and Mrs.
Poison, Mr.. and Mrs. Morris Akin
end Geo. Barrel.
The concert given by the Trier
Sisters met with universal approval.
Seldom is an opportunity given the
public to see as clean and as refined
an entertainment as was given by
this company. A good audience
was in attendance and the success
of the Lyceum course is now assured.
The North Side exhibit that is at
Boise will be taken bodily to the
Chicago Land Show under the
charge of Messrs. Atkin and Bush.
After the Land Show it will be dis
tributed to permanent offices in
New York, Pittsburg and Philadel-
phia.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-10-19

Pheasant to take and are ideal ior child.
rem They apparently act directly ON
,"e nerves and muscles OF the bowels.
having, 1t would seem, "a neutral ac,ion
on other organs or glands. They do no,
purge or cansc Inconvenience. If they
90 not positively cure chronic or ,,ahitu,l
constipation and thereby relieve the my.
'ia''S % associate or dependent chronic
al''ncnts' your money will be- refunded
i ily l'rHall orderlics at our risk. 1hr,
1 I, 81 packages, lOc., DE. and 5nc
nr.'hcinhcr, you can obtain Rrxnll pc,nl
''' 11I u, inns community only at our .tnrl
The RcXall Store. ~ '''' ''''
JEROME Dare Co.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-10-19
Latured Stock,
ledUu Grades,
bpcrtp Handled.

you buy trees and don't insist ON
| above three essentials. You have
Y yourself to blame ii you don't
satisfaction.
~ have the climatic and soil con-
upns To enable Ms To grow the big
and best trees. We have the
fPrr season in which to mature our
Iek' nnhampcrcd 10y unfavorablc
eithcr and unreasonable rains, and
II know how, and are equipped ior
lYgng, handling and shipping our
Hck IN manner which insures to
" purchaser far or near, trees in the
n3pcr condition for planting so he
" save every tree.
And the grades?
with the largest block of staplc
lfult trees in our nursery which is To
" found in the entire Northwest. we
Ire prepared 10 give our customers
Ihc heaviest grades obtainablc.
Our apple gratis will be measured
rom the bud and not from the union
Is Is the custom in most nurseries
ms makes Il difference of six inches
n the lengths and a proportionatc
Inference in the calipcr, and usually
means one grade better for the same
money.
Place your order now and obtain
ne class OF stock you want. II our
salesman ovcrlooks you, write us.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-10-19
Permanent Survey Starts

umns heretofore concerning the
Hagerman Valley 4 Wendell r. R.
This week comes the news that
through the instrumentality of Mr..
J. Stuart Clark, the permanent sur
vey of this long looked for electric
line will be under way before this
paper reaches the reader. This
work will be under the immediate
direction of Mr.. Bickle, who is
considered the best engineer in this
part of Idaho. The road will be
part of the great system that the
Kuhn Bros. are building in South
ern Idaho.
Certain interests have tried every
means ut their command to cast
shadow over the name of this man
who has been trying to do so much
for this community. He has been
branded as everything but a gentle
man, by people whose only aim was
personal gain. Mr.. Clark, with
creditable shrewdness, saw in the
beginning that a railroad was not
practicable to the townsite of Edi-
son. He told the Hagerman Valley
promoters before he took the con-
tract to build the road that he
would have nothing whatever to do
with it unless the matter of the To-
cation of the road was left entirely
with him, and the same stipulation
was embodied in the contract. The
interests went ahead and spent in
the neighborhood of $4,000 in
building a grade from Hagerman to
the sagebrush townsite of Edison.
Nothing further has been done with
the grade and nothing further will
be done. The people of Hagerman
realize that they were fooled into
putting their money into that road.
add will assist in building the road
to Wendell, the logical point.
Contrary to the report in the
Boise papers, Mr.. Pierce did not
negotiate the sale of the Boise Inter
urban to the Kuhn Co. At the
time the sale was made Mr.. Pierce
was on his way to the east, and by
the time he reached New York the
deal had already been consumated.
At the time the deal was made,
Mr.. Clark held options on the Boise
lnterurban, the Boise Valley, and
the Swan Falls power plant. 1t
was this option that the Kuhns
took up when they bought the rail-
road and power plant. This is one
of the biggest deals that has ever
been put through in the state, and
to Mr.. Clark is due the credit for
its consumation. 1t was Mr.. Clark
who brought the attention of the
Pittsburg financiers to the matter,
and he submitted to them the state
ments of the different enterprises.
Thus it comes out that this man,
whom the interests have tried to
brand as false and untrue, looms up
as one of the biggest promoters and
one of the ablest men in the state.
These developments that have
taken place in the last few DAYS
mean much to our part Of the state.
The Kuhn Bros. are getting hold of
the present electric lines with the
evident intention of extending and
lettering them. The branch to
Hagerman, which will be completed
in a few months, will, when the
time comes, be extended across the
Lower Salmon dam into the Bru-
neau and King Hill Country, and
connect at Nampa or Caldwell with
the Boise lines. Plans are already
being matured for the extention to
Twin Falls and Oakley on the east.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-10-19
Stock Premiums

The following premiums were awarded
in the stock departments at the Lincoln
County Fair, which were not reported
last week:
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-10-19

If you are in the market for land
see Shepard & Barrett, Wendell
Idaho.
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-10-19

THE LINCOLN COUNTY TINES
The Farmers Paper Of the North Side Tract
Subscriptions and orders for JOB Work and Advertising may be lett
a, the Real Estate office Of Shepard * Barrett
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-10-19

SHEEP
(Shropshire.)
A Lenney. Wendell, ram. First
Second |
C LaMoine. Hagerman. Hampshire eve, First
lamb First
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1911-10-19
D c MacWatters. Jerome. puroc Jersey boar.

Specialist II Lawshe, gold medal trophy from
Lincoln county officials.
Macwatters. stock food and Salt Lake Her
aid subscriptions.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-10-13

mef to-nieht than % ever has been
ID" irst iist 0f paroles granted 20
we iast session o. tho federal tsr1I.
BOARD has arrived. and WaIsh.s name
is not on DO Or is understoof. too ma.
som" ~ fto men eho are 10 b. re-
leased we're heard after walsh
ANorrel General Wlckersham la
~hose hands WaIshs case now resfs
may Visit the prison within a sask
HanY believe tho delay In passing on
ihr banker. 81 case o. occasioned br NJ
Wickersham's desire 90 make a o.r.
sonai Investigation
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-10-13
Wins
FIGHTER ou-
POINTS 600 STEWART
"reeiinsite Puts % Clever Aru.-
ment win 49, FISTS -
Ha.cr

-. e.. iL.gtt o. zee late rer-.-
iOHNsToNN. Pa oct \ LIN
kess. 90 Johns'o@n. outpolut.d C 20.
sfe~ar'. % " he-unE. ln fat To-
round bout 'h- glnd4p of a bsref-
snoa held 10 ft- Ca-lao here tonight
bofh men acre fast t1, k~rE slightly
out~eighsd st-war' and a longer
reach Neither -e-med t0 possess a
hare punch ~ the opening OF the
mt round stewart rushed KeEg
ahl4ns TAO or thee good punches.
but FOR the rest % The round both
held back. each waiting FOR the other
10 Lead. and there Nas It'le real
nghting throughout tn round being
even The second round was a reps-
uIou % 'he rrsf though stewart had
a shade
In he third round kseg opened
With a rush and landed a number OF
straight labs 90 the face that both
cred stewart Eho seemed unable 10
cover J. Was Kegs round
in the fourth both fighters took
ihins- easy and there we're few ex.
change % blows
Stewart started s'rons IN ne nf,h
~iih right 20 tho stomach. followed
ty a hard lei, 20 the iaW. bat SteWsrt
became ~ud'd before the nEht uas
over in the sixth round the men
ciinch"d frequently. holding on and
stalling
In the seventh kegg rushed Stewart
ana raining punches 10 Stewards head
drove him 20 the ropes In the
cllnche7 tire" times IN succession
k"ss drove hard uppercuts through
Si""artz guard Both men rested in
the eighth doing little fighting
The ninth round was The best OF m.
hrht from The spectators standpoint.
both smuggling hard The round MS
even Both men were weak az the
end % tn tenth
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-10-13

QUEBEC. Que. OCT Earl GRAY
and his suite departed from tho shores
of Canada az noon toIav on board
The government steamer Earl Grey
The distinguished party left the cir.
adei az n o1 and. accompanIe bv a
mounted escort. drove 20 Kings
wharf. The band played tho national
anthem and ~Wiu - 40 Come Back
AEuln A. the steamer lrr the
wharf "a salute % 80 guns doomed
forth and cheers were given Tor the
departing vice regal party
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-10-13
SEALED PROPOSALS.
Notice 20 Manufacturer. Joeb.r. Mar.
chants ana Other whoissais D.aisrs

chants ana Other whoissais D.aisrs
. ~ o. 2 - HEREBY GIVEN That
ne state n .fd of control 81 az St.fs
- 49, Nifg'uia gllI r~stite tlI- talV
~ Tvs effIr~ A. Charleston. West Nir-
sinlA. inl ihrn .sNirE supplies Tor tie
srN-ftl state Institutions fle financial
mana - nlert ~ which - vested iu saft
iioH contracts VII be nVaEded 70 the
81 titlrrr quality considered and
,N|t tHitEs being equal. Vest NIrg ma
4' t4"fs Nil De- given preference
Isis Nt supplies needed viii o. fur
n,-l - r'tte = on re.r.ft ~ rrlurrfs
stating ..r line desired
STATE BOARD DF CONTROL
- pa e1,l- Wet NuEiaiA
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-10-13
sehley Estate Totsls SEQ zoo

WASHINGTON. oct le-Tha o.
tate o. Rear Admiral Winfield s
Schiey. according to petition filed
to-day D. DIS widow and children fpr
the probate of Die viii. does NOT OK
coed 10000
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-10-13
a RE~iSosR

'.ol4tr1t witness -larl.t w
elliue- courscl Pr TIE defense.
you are On cafh"
The-- air. 10 dancer % nv cor
ts.uu' IT, replied the -'rncss. sui-
leniy. To cline fra truth Tor
noftil'. when " could tare made ten
doliars BY iyin' Or you sice .. tie
asa. an you kr5W g."
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-10-13
he Daily Chit-Chat
BY RUTH CAMERON

LES .t-r.
not a. some f.ra u ls Aie o bran
- 10 Tie ID
%
rules %
" tat - want b%
to~ should ac D.
l Norkt
fh- r.rI1 usr tr
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-10-13

NnhoN. q. ocf i--Jack Red
.-DiI received tle decision over
Flfh'inF Toe Hyiand % New York.
pr ih" end o. ijround bout here
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-10-13
CANADA GREETS
NEW COVER NOR
DUKE OF CONNkUSHT WILL
TAKE OFFICE TO-DAY.
Ear Grey Sails Away as His Success
sor Reaches Quebec BY Ship
From England.

o. EHEC. Oc'. le The Duke OF
'ouuIuEht the new governor. general
or Canada. arrived 90 OBJ. harbor To-
night aboard the steamer Empress az
ireland There was crowd 10 'na
DOCK. but hl- royal hichrS- AMI tl..
duo A"s- remained ON board. and only
few urclti- and friends roni-ht
gained tho privilege OF ucl,omiu.
them 20 Canada
The landing % the duke and ducr
ees VIII De- made % morrow. and the
t"r' mony OF swearing 90 the duke VIII
follow shortly afterwards in parif0.
mont House. s brilliant militia,
stan viii accompany them including
not only members OF the royal star.
but members OF IN. military council
90 Ottawa
The actual proceedings viii Do
opened hy COL t.oVther. military -oc-
Rotary GO hi- royal hirhn,ss. who viii
read tho royal commission appoIutiu.
%, iuk" az C0nHaugh .overnor.rrn-
cral ~ Canada
Immediately Takes Once.
Tho ul'ha of Office viii Doe admin
i-f"r'd hy Sir Louis Davies. OF th.
Suprrm. court. and Immediately "a
ROYAL salute vi. boz fred and the band
will play fhr national mir anthem
AddresFs- OF welcome will De- rnde
on behalf ~ the province % Quebec.
Go which 90" duke will respond and
then the great seal Of state viii De-
presented To- the new governor gen
eral
The duke was delegated 70 repre-
sent the king last year az the open
ink of The first parliament ~ the
union of south Africa His appoint
meut 20 succeed Earl Gray as gov
ernor general Of Canada was Off
cialiy announced Boz London on Jan
-. Last
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-10-13


'onFi"ia u''h''s
''iS one VINO
mrs. II possibly
makes that much Tho
10 De- puzzled
you cant have Iegiby possible
be- II ~.
woe apart x typ"Vr'ter
op Above 10 IN ID" rsht hand
ief hand vol 81
hlTp returned enclose to
"4n"r mako short
I TO MN "i' i' 70 j.
write
INC ne.'s rat
70 " to sentyo
Gang hold
decide which STYLE the most
VII
demands oi to Of
"
h1'r"ra' could be Rud-
ari hpii@ they
Guy newspapers a adco
the
between or
Teen 'F 'H'nN a
unknown vA." as Hall
Wen 't''il or 81 a
li .' i' have o Rave
5000" pa O acce many
more "'h ''" tina
mos i-if"'- 10 las
no"
There pathto f,u,e,u
fortune ot HaHy r-'rs authors and authoresses