Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1911-03-02

trunk of the trees as cankers. The
cankers should be pruned out and the
tree sprayed
80. Apple rust. appears on the
leaves as red spots and also on the
fruit The disease spreads from the
red cedar on which II passes part of
each year. Cutting out the red cedars
would prevent it, but this method is
not always possible.
60. Plum brown rot the plums
turn brown and dry up hanging on tho
tree. These plums should be carefully
raked up and burned and the trees
sprayed two or three times with a
weak lime sulphur mixture or with
bordeaux mixture.
(7). Plum black knot. swelling
and abnormal growth of the branches.
May he prevented by pruning if taken
in hand early. If allowed to go too
long II VIII be necessary to remove
the entire tree to prevent further in
lection.
| PRESENT DAY PROBLEMS IN HOR-
TICTLTURE.
| (By NJ. 3. Cummings. Professor HortiCul-
ture)
The chief theme of this paper is to bet
! ter the horticultural industry of Vermont.
The general proposition is that of devel-
| oping and establishing good methods
which will lead to horticultural better
ment successful orchardist IN Char
| lotte Is conspicuous because he will prac-
tice what many have preached. A straw
| berry man, peach grower or n. truck
| gardener follow similar course and sue
! coed But better conditions for the ma
jority is of great Importance.
There are several phases Of horticul-
tural development that need inmedla to
attention. \ few words may be said
about each Of them.
| l. Apple industry problems. The apple
is the chief horticultural crop of Yer
mont. Our soil and climate are adapted
to apple culture and our nearnoss to mar
ket emphasizes our opportunities. Scarce
~ State in the union can produce APP
pies Of better quality and yet we have
scarcely begun to develop our orchard in
dustry. Only few people in Vermont
are growing good apples in quantity
Better methods must be taught, and
demonstrations should be made in every
! county The most significant and pitiahle
fact at the present time is the tremendous
! quantity Of low quality fruit. There are
two types of remedial measures for low
| grade fruit
a. Community sprayers. 1t is a gener-
ally accepted fact that intelligent orchard
spraying is too technical a business foi
the average and general purpose farmer;
but spraying is imperative. An expert
encod community spray man might work
wonders in any district.
b. Fruit factories are needed. Every
largo fruit growing State has its fruit
factories. Such industries are indispen-
sable as an outlet for low grade fruit
New York State has factory in nearly
every county. Canning and evaporatine
factories should be introduced
c. Orchard renovation. There are many
unproductive orchards In Vermont, The
old orchards possess wonderful rotentiali-
ties Orchard renovation Is a short cut
to early returns. whereas orchard plant
ing means long walt for crops
,. Business methods. Much " the sue
cess Of the northwestern fruit Erownl
Industry Is attributable to business meth
DDS Of the orchard men Better bushes
methods should be introduced Throughout
[ this state. We ought 10 know Just how
much II costs to produce a barrel OF ap
pies 10 bushels Of plums, or an acre o
, potatoes Book accounts are worth Will,
, and will be extremely valuable to plan
, industry men of to-day and the future.
g. Plant Improvement. We need bet
ter plants. This may mean superior va
, rieties or improved strains OF existing
varieties. Most OF the valuable strains o
the present day are discovered rathe
than created. Desirable variations shout
be selected and preserved. plant i'm
proyement society might be established Il
every town and If properly manage
would be productive Of much good
, T. Horticulture In schools. The futur
of the horticultural industry rests wit
= the developing generation. Horticutur
may be so taught In rural or high school
= as to revolutionize the status OF horticul
ture in the community where such sub
j jects are taught.
4 WHAT VERMONTERS ARE DOING II
! .ORESTRY
(By A. f. Halves, State Forester)
Forestry Is the business of obtalnin
!. permanent profits from the forests an
C. demands effort and usually investmen
{. just as Snproved agriculture demand
:. work, fertilizers. better stock bette
c machinery, etc, 80 neither the man VIII
{. lumbers careessly nor the man VIII
c, simply holds a forest allowing matur
trees to rot is practicing forestry. O
those In Vermont who are doing some
thing In forestry, most are planting vast
lands, The State nursery sold last Yea
$500 trees as compared TO 1880 4