Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1911-11-17

E5W BY scenes OF massacre ana
WW rapire which have made
tie civilized world blush
with shame, has been Turkeys lot LOT
centuries. Once probably the greatest
I of all eastern powers. Turkey has been
shorn OF practically al its possessions
in Europe and Africa. and large part
of its Asiatic domain
Its downfall began in 1888 when the
norte took up the cause of Tokoiyi.
the leader of the HungaTians in their
revolt against Leopold l. OF Austria
The Moslem invasion rolled up to the
gates of Vienna. The fate Of central
Europe hung in the balance, but. after
two months Of siege, King John so
bieski. heading a Polish and German
army. went to the rescue and in
heroic battle put the Turks 10 hlgnt-
Austria, Poland and Venice made an
onslaught upon Turkey. following the
memorable conflict They drove the
Turks out of Austria, Moldavia, Wal
lachia and Morea In 1895 Peter the
Great wrested Azov from them and
the Austrians annihilated a Turkish
army at Zenta. In the peace OF hario-
WITT. in 1893, Turkey was forced 10
give up all of Hungary between the
Danube and the Thesis, to restore 10
Poland a great part OF the Ukraine
and to surrender Morea- In the early
part of the seventeenth century lur-
kew again captured Moldayia and
Morea. In IT'S. however, they were
beaten by Prince Eugene OF Austria.
who forced them to give up part OF
Servia and Austria.
In l737 Russia entered upon its role
as a great assailant of the ottoman
empire with the Selling OF Azow ana
Me invasion of Crimea. In 116S Sui
tan Mustapha III. yentured war on
Russia which proved disastrous 1ur-
key was forced TO renounce It's SUI
zerainty over Crimea and the Tartar
territories in the region OF the BLACK
Sea and to give Russia free naviga-
ion of Turkish waters In 1877 a
resi- war between the two countries |
broke out. Austria took hand and /
fresh disasters overlook the Ottoman /
arms Napoleon Bonaparte swept |
down on the country eleven years Ia |
ter and wrested Egypt from the Sui 1
tan's grasp After this six years
war with Russia. ending in the treaty |
of Bucharest in 1912, was staged I
Servia shortly afterward obtained a |
partial freedom. which was followed
in 1929 by another war with Rus
STA. In the peace of Adrianopie IN /
1929 Turkey surrendered TO Russia the 4
northeastern coastland of the Black 1
Sea. In 1888 Russia forced upon Tur
KEY the treaty of Unkiar Skelessi
which closed the Black Sea to the yes
sells of war of all nations save Rus
STA
Alliance Saves Turks.
In 1910 the quadruple alliance alone 4
saved the entire downfall of the Tur-
kish empire. Again al 1854. when at
tackled by Russia. Turkey was saved
only through the Intervention of Eng
land and France The treaty of Paris
In 1856 restored to Turkey the com
mand of both sides of the lower Dan
ube and revoked the treaty Of Unkiar
Skelessi. At this time the porte is
sued a proclamation Of equal civil
rights to all races and creeds in the
Turkish dominions.
The treaty of Paris was supposed TO
settle the eastern question by guar
anteeing Turkeys integrity. but Rus
STA merely awaited an opportunity TO
press its old policy In 1871 the Rus
sian government, taking advantage OF
the Franco Russian war. declared II {
felt itself no longer bound by the
I. eaty.
Numerous instructions between
1854 and 1871 raised the Turkish debt
~ 5000. Ooo. 900. and in 1875 the porte
was driven to partial reputation OF
It's obligations. In 1876 frightful
massacres OF Christians took place in
BULGARIA.. These were followed By the
deposing OF the sultan. Abdui-Aziz. In
the same year Servia and Montenegro
declared war, but Turkey whipped
them
The greater powers then took a
stand. "A conference at CONSTANT /
nonle was rejected by Turkey, but to
this the government be-
slowed parliamentary constitution
on the empire Russia. however. re
used to ACCEPT this move. and In 1877
declared war. After three years OF
lighting Turkey gaye up and In the
tho EurDppsr