The Yale expositor. (Yale, St. Clair County, Mich.) 1894-current, 1911-07-06

Nucatan is a vast limestone formation with lit
tie or no surface water. One may travel for
miles and miles and never cross river or brook.
or even chance upon modest spring. Indeed,
in the northern part, where most Of the great
ruined cities are located water is fully 70 feet
below the surface of the ground. The modern
Inhabitants overcome this difficulty by means
OF wells and windmills. which afford the only
source of water supply during the dry sea-
son December to June) excepting what little
rain water may have been caught during the
rainy months and stored in cisterns.
But Of wells and windmills the ancient May
as knew nothing, and, generally speaking, had
it not been for the great natural reservoirs
which nature had scattered here and there
over the country Yucatan never could have
been cooniZed
These great natural wells. or, as the Mayas
call them, cenotes, are found all over Yucatan
They are usually about $50 feet In diameter. or
sometimes more. and about 70 feet In depth to
the level of the water. Biologists say that
these cenotes are places where the limestone
crust, which everywhere covers the surface
of Yucatan, has become weakened by the
washing of subterranean waters and has cal
iapsed of its own weight, forming great sink
holes or natural wells on a large scale And
now It Is clear why the ancient inhabitants
of Chichen liza named their city. In the
course of their wanderings, the general trend
Yucatan from the south, finally reached the
two cenotes, around which Chichen TIA later
was built, but which then probably moth
sng but wilderness Here the striking contrast
afforded by such an abundance Of water in a
country SO generally parched could not fail to
have attracted their attention. The place must
have seemed to the thirsty wanderers God
given site for the location of their new home.
BY right of discovery they claimed the place,
and to the city which grew up around the Gen.
otes they gave the name of Chichen Itza "The
Mouth of the Wells Of the Itzas."
The two cenotes at Chichen liza have been
known by the Mayas from time immemorial
as the Cenote Grande and the Cenote Sacra.
or the large Cenote and the Sacren Cenote, re-
spectively. The first of these only in former
times was used for the water supply of the
city, the Sacred Cenote being reserved for re-
Iigious use exclusively. 1t is the latter, how
ever, and the religious observances held In
connection with 1t, which gave the city It's
holy character. From far and near all over
Yucatan, and probably even from points more
distant pilgrimages were made to the Sacred
Cenote. 1t seems to have been the most holy
shrine of the Maya people, comparable only
sn Importance to the Mohammedan Mecca and
the Christian Jerusalem. In time of drought
offerings of all kinds were thrown into it
treasures and in cases of extremity even liv
ing human sacrifices.
Chichen liza To-Day is somewhat cnanBeu III
appearance from the time when pilgrims came
from far and near to appease with human sac
rifce the wrath of offended deities. Now the
city lies buried In thick Jungle which has
steadily won It's way into the very heart of
the holy place. Coonnades have been over
thrown and pyramids covered with trees to
fheir summit: courts have been lost In a
rtangle of thorn and creepers; and palaces
stripped of their sculptured embellishments
Desolation has spread everywhere In the
wake of the encroaching vegetation.