The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-11-26
Interest Shifts From the War Office to the
 Vatican
CITY IS OvERRUN
 WITH VISITORS
Three Americans Are Present to Be Made Princes of the Church. Interest Is Widespread.
 Two Ceremonies


 Rome. November 2s.-(Specialo oItalian interest shifted from the war office to the vatican today and centered in Iie 1S pre- lates of the Catholic church now in Rome and the ceremonies that will elevate them to the dignity of cardinal on Monday. The entire city is decorated in honor Of the occasion and from the homage being paid the visiting prelates one would never | imagine the Vatican and the government are, figurativey, at war.
 | The city is overrun with visitors from all over the continent, and hundreds of | American tourists are on hand to witness the bestowal of the red hat on the three American cardinals-Falconio, Farley and | O'Connell.
 | Not in centuries has a consistory at | tracted SO much outside interest as the present one, owing to the large number or l cardinals to be created, and the cere- monies, which will continue until No vember 30, promise to be the most fm- posing in the history of the church. The rejoicing of Americans over the appointment of three new American car l of Italians who journeyed to their native country when the first hint of war with Turkey spread over the United States. In fact, devout Italians generally are showing more interest in the American | prelates than in those of their own blood. | This is due to the fact that they view | the recognition of the American church. men as a sure sign of the spread of Catholicism in the United States. Two Ceremonies
 Two distinct ceremonies will be per- | formed when the new princes of the church receive their insignia of office. The first will be at the consistory. to be held on Monday, when the cardinals are to be formally created and receive | the red hat from the hands of the Pope.
 At this ceremony the Pope will ask the opinion of the Sacred college concerning
 the newly named, and will then solemnls
 proclaim them cardinals in the name ol the Holy Catholic church. The actua
 words used in this rite are
 By the authority of the blessed Apos ties Peter and Paul, and of our own, W, \ create you cardinals of the Holy Roman 1 Catholic church."
 The Pope will then place the red hal
 
 Receive for the glory of Almighty God and the adornment of the Holy Apostolic | See this red hat, the sign of the uneqiialed | dignity of the cardinalate, by which is l declared that even to death by the she'd ing of thy blood thou shouldst show thy l self interpid for the exaltation of the blessed faith, for the peace and tranquility of Christian people, and for the increase and prosperity of the Holy Roman church. In the name of the Father and of the Son | and of the Holy Ghost. Amen" | After the imposition of the red hat the Pope will slip upon the finger of each cardinal one of the distinctive ornaments of his rank and gold ring set with a sapphire and engaved on the metal sur face of the inside with the arms of the Pope bestowing the rank. The Pope will use these words in bestowing the ring: l For the honor of Almighty God and of | the Holy Apostles Saints Peter andi Paul and of tho blessed N. N. (naming the title) we commit into thee the church of ----, with it's clergy, people and succursal chapels.'
 Archbishop O'Connell will be assigned to ! the titular Church of St. Calixtus, at tached to the Benedictine monastery of | that name. This church was held by the | late Cardinal Nocelia. who was created a ! cardinal by Pope Leo in 1903 at the last consistory before the death of the Pope. Cardinal Nocella died in 1908.
 The Church
 1 St. Calixtus is very ancient church and stands near the Church of Santa Maria in Trastevere, which is held by | Cardinal Gibbons. It was built on the | site of tho house of a Roman soldier. who | sheltered St. Calixtus in time of perse- cution. The saint was cast into a well | with a stone around his neck. In the year | TAO Gregory TIT reconstructed the church, and in 1866 Pope Plus V gave 1t to the Benedictines.
 | The title of Archbishop Farley will be John Cardinal Farley of Santa Maria Sopra Minerva This is the same title | held by Cardinal McCloskey and Is one of the oldest churches in Rome | Each of the new cardinals makes a contribution in the sacred congrega- | ton for the propagation of the faith | The second ceremony at st. Peters l Cathedral will equal if not surpass tie first in pomp and splendor. IL consists | of the imposition of the red biretta and ] zuchetto Before the bestowal. now- ever, there will be an imposing mass in the presence of the Pope, which will | terminate with sermon by some prom inent preach of the Roman Catholic faith. The ceremonies will surpaSs in pomp and gorgeousness the consecration of the IA French bishops by Plus X four years ago and will set q record for the promotion of church men of recent | times It Is also remarkable for its catholic selection and the promotion oi dignitaries from widely separated coun- | tries, giving the membership of the sacred college even more of an inter- national representation than usual. Par ticularlyn oticeable in this respect IS the Pape's recognition of America, now held by many to be the real strong hold of the Catholic faith.
 Event Is Extraordinary
 The creation of so many cardinals at one time, though made necessary by deaths in the sacred college, Is ex. traordinary; and has only been dupli- cated or surpassed in the middle ages i The largest number of cardinals ere ated in the history Of the church was during the life of Leo X, who Is cred ited with the creation of 90 dignitar ries some historians hold there were 3l At a still earlier period Boniface vii created 29, all except three being Ital- 1 ians. From these high marks to the present time, history shows that from 1 time to time as many as 16 to 20 red hats have made their appearance at one time, but for genera tions has the pres 1 ent number been duplicated.
 The elevation of the American pre- 'ates to the office of cardinal will not