davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1911-11-19

foot long, one-half inch thick and
one and a half inches wide. The
ingots are then placed on trucks and
wheeled to another room, where they
are run through the heavy iron rollers
until the bar Is the proper thickness
for cutting the planchettes, as the
unstamped coin is called. After sew
eral rollings there Is an annealing
process-the metal strip Is placed In
the furnace until II becomes pliable,
also to prevent extreme brittleness.
arc about six feet long. and are ready
for the planchette cutting machine.
This huge steel punch works in q
round hole cut in a solid steel plate.
The punch works rapidly and will
cut two or three hundred coins per
minute with the assistance of two
men. The planchettes are then car
ried to the sorters, who examine each
one, throwing out the imperfect ones
for re-melting. The mill.ng comes
next, and here the coins are rolled
edgewise between a revolving disc and
a stationary piece of steel The edge
OF the coin Is compressed, producing
the ribbed edge. The milling ma
chine in use at present is one Of the
new labor saving devices recently in
stalled. The feeder OF the machine
works automatically, and all the man
in charge has to do Is to fill the hop
per from time to time. A short while
ago these machines were operated
by women who had to be continually
The Washington herald., 1911-11-19
NaF2IS7AR0

hemmed In both by hills and Woods.
1t is much more Of a city than is
Marienbad. For It does a great deal
Of manufacturing, especially Of Carls-
bad porcelain. II you go up one
Of the main streets you pass an enf-
less row of pretentious hotels, all
well-crowded during the summer
months.
r Vying in interest are the many
handsome shops that make a preten-
tious display of costumes, laces, en-
broideries. Standing out prominently
Is the Rurhaus and the public gar
dens. BY i've o'clock the place Is
crowded with hundreds of tourists who
come to eat and listen to the music.
The most Interesting features in
Carlsbad are the waters and the
springs. The baths include the ther-
NAL and the Turkish baths. Most of
the waters come boiling hot from the
springs. Ehey are so rich in lime that
II flowers are thrown In they become
petrified.
The life In Carlsbad Il extremely
cosmopolitan and therefore interest
ing. Here come the wealthiest peo-
pie from Europe, America and the
Orient to take the cure and to enjoy
all the pleasures Of life. These in
clude outdoor sports. gambling, OPP
era-going, theatres and costly enter
The Washington herald., 1911-11-19

woman's bath has a number Of swim
ming pools with waters Of different
temperatures.
Baden Baden has q beautiful tennis
court 1t II situated In the meadows
OF the Lichtentalallee. There Is also
a splendid pavilion with tea-rooms.
Fishing Is good here, for 1t IL q great
place for catching brook-trout. But
the most priced OF the sports is racing,
which takes place during the last of
August. Here ehe most fashionable
women come to show their toilets
which they have been hard at work
gathering all through the spring and
early summer. They do not con-
slider that Dame Fashion DEGREES too
much when they change their gowns
four and ive times day. Every af-
ternoon they are out at the races.
The evenings are spent with smart
dinners given at the different hotels
where horses, gains and losses are dis
cussed in turn.
The main street Is the Lichtenthal
Alice. q beautiful avenue lined with
The Washington herald., 1911-11-19

stalled there. Before entering the
employ Of the United States Govern
ment he was the Mayor of Lancaster,
Pennsylvania.
Few people realize the vast amount
of work the coinage OF money re-
quires, and the whole process from
the time the crude metal enters the
assaying room until It Is poured into
the bags for storage in the vault Is one
Of absorbing interest
There are four departments to all
Mints-assaying. melting and refining,
coming and general administrative
departments. There is, of course. a
vault aof huge proportions both In ca
pacity and thickness of walls. Ad-
joining this is the assay once which
opens into the melting room. The
greater part Of the material used
comes direct from the mines, the
copper being q Lake Superior product
and the nickel chiefly of the Pennsyl-
vania mines. Gold and silver in al
most any form are purchased pro-
vided It Is submitted in lots of one
hundred dollars or more. All bullion
Is sorted in the office of the deposit
rate clerk, and the assayer makes an
made. The process Of assaying over,
the metal Is weighed and with the
proper amount Of alloy sent to the
melting room. Here the big crucibles
receive It and after II is melted II is
poured into moulds. These castings
are called ingots and are about one
The Washington herald., 1911-11-19

are experts in their line, and It IL
rare occurrence for an imperfect
coin to pass their trained eyes.
After the last sorting there Is a
final cleaning and the minor coins
go to the counting board-that SIM
pie yet ingenious contrivance which
SO delighted Admiral Togo during his
visit to the Philadelphia Mint It II
fat surface OF wood with copper
partitions the height and size of a
coin. When pennies or nickels are to
be counted they are heaped on the
board which is placed above the hop
per. The operator tips the board
backward and forward and the coins
slip into the grooves in q few sec
onds. When the board Is filled 1t
contains one thousand pieces. The
surplus coins which have slipped OF
the board run out into a box and are
poured over the counting board again.
The money is then put into muslin
bags-pennies in bags of ten dollars,
nickels in sacks of fifty dollars. It Is
then sent to the vault, where II u
held until called to duty by one Of the
Sub-Treasuries Of the United States.
The adjusting Of gold and silver
used to be done by women-some
times as high as one hundred were
employed, but here again machinery
has taken the place Of human labor,
for the gold and silver pieces are now
weighed on the automatic Weighing
machines which are hidden away from
the public gaze IN one of the upper
rooms opposite the big apartment
once occupied by the women adjust
ers-now used as a storage room
Each one of the three machines does
the work Of from fifteen to twenty
women and does the work with per-
feet accuracy. They feed automaI-
cally, and as the coin reaches the bot
tom Of the tube lever rises, throwing
the coin on the delicate scales. II q
piece Is found to be over weight 1t
falls into a box on the left, and II
It Is under weight 1t falls into q box
The Washington herald., 1911-11-19

coming, laid in mosaic. Visitors are
met at the door by courteous uniform
ed ushers who are always ready tc
explain the process Of money making
which Is viewed through glass from
the long gallery which runs along
one end Of the building. BY reason OF
the immense quantity of precious
metal being moved about in the
workrooms the public Is necessarily
excluded from some Of the depart
ments.
About four hundred persons are
employed, including the men in the
machine shop, and Of all these Mr.
Robert Clark. the Assistant Coiner.
Is the busiest. The process Of coming
money is second nature to this genial
man for he has been connected with
the Philadelphia Mint for seventeen
years and has seen millions Of dollars
coined. He has been instrumental in
Introducing several new ideas as to
labor saving machinery as well az the
new solution (his own recipe) for
cleaning coins. This solution does
away with the acid which was used in
former years, and besides being far
less expensive 1t is not Injurious to the
hands Of the men whose duty it is
to wash the planchettes (unstamped
coins). Mr.. Clark Is regarded as can
all-round coinage authority. He has
made several visits to the other United
States Mints and was recently sent by
the government to San Francisco
when new machinery was to be in
The Washington herald., 1911-11-19

tanning. In every direction there are
wonderful walks and woods. Some Of
these walks are level, leading to the
tennis courts and to the eolf-links.
Others are up hills and command q
beautiful view OF the surrounding
country. There Is excitement all day
which has its climax IN the evening
with smart balls and dinner-parties
equal to the affairs that are given
in the large American and European
cities.
The last and the most popular Of
these resorts is Baden Baden. Though
1t has a six months season 1t Is from
the first Of April to June and again
in August that the fashionable sea-
son is on. 1t Is In August that the
wealthIest and smartest Of all nations
come to enjoy the races and tourna-
mentA. It Is then that the prices In
the hotels go up by leaps and bounds
and good rooms command q fabulous
price, Baden Baden Is also q cure
place but the waters are milder than
at I-arienbad and Carlsbad. It has
q large and handsome TrinkhaIle
where the guests come every morning
to take the waters and to listen to
the music. It has two large bath
houses. one for men and the other for
the women. Both give the thermal,
steam! and Turkish baths. The
The Washington herald., 1911-11-19

feeding them. At least five hundred
dimes can be milIed in he short space
Of minute. Before the final stage Of
stamping. Is reached the planchettes
are taken to the washing room and
poured into Mr.. Clark's cleaning solu-
ton and washed. The old way Of
drying the coins was to whirl them in
sawdust, but the present method is
by heating another labor saving de-
vice. The planchettes are placed In
the big heaters and closed up. The
heat Is turned on and after a few
minutes the men go back and remove
the bright coins and put them in
boxes ready to be sent to the stamp
ing room. This last process Is carried
out by means Of machines, each Of
which weigh fifteen tons. There Il
a constant click as the automatically
fed presses stamp on both sides of
the coin at the same time. A year
ago It took twenty-five men to feed
these machines, but since the auto
matic feeder has been attached only
Ave men are required to do the same
work. As the coin reaches the bot
tom Of the feeding tubo two steel
fingers take hold Of It and move It
over the die. One impression comes
from the die above and the other from
the die below. AS the upper die rises
the steel fingers push the finished coin
out of the way and another plan
chette comes under the press. Thou
sands of pieces are stamped in an
hour. The coins are then sorted-an
process. This Il done by
women as the coins pass over an end
less belt which Is constantly moving.
Two women examine each coin. Az
ter the coin passes the first sorter It
turns over and the second woman
examines the opposite side OF the
piece. This work is a severe test to
the eyes. as half a dozen coins at
least pass before the sorter every sec
ond. These women work from eight
o'clock to four with an hour for lunch.
Half an hour rest Is given them some
time during the morning and twenty
minutes during the afternoon They
The Washington herald., 1911-11-19

Chalets. The road at the end Is steep
until the trout farm is reached. A
great many trout are raised in these
small brooks. 1t takes two years to
develop these fish and they need a
great deal OF care. Here are seen
fish Of all sizes from the tiniest min
now to q good sized fish.
On the Lichtenthal Road Is q large
convent. 1t is very old for II was
built way back in the 18th century.
Near the convent is an old church
with a mortuary chapel. 1t is built
in rich Gothic style and here lie many
of the royal family. Close by is a
large and handsome Orphan Asylum.
Going through an old path one en-
ters the CaceIiburg, a romantic old
Castle.
Another road leads to Geroldsauer
through a lovely woods. The path
gets sleeper and sleeper until you
come upon a small but rapid water
fall. Here Il q tiny but quaint res
tAurant.
The most interesting drive here Is
to the Old Castle. From below It
looks like a shining minaret on the
crest Of a steep hill. AS you drive
higher you get a splendid view Of
| the whole town. An old door is the
entrance and this leads to the Old
Castle. 1t Is divided into three
strongholds. One Is the HermannB-
bau, the second Is the Bernhardsbau,
and the third is the Jacobsbau. 1t is
said that this place was used as a
Roman bath and camp. 1t was later
used by German princes. On the
walls hang the Aeolian harps which
they used. From the high tower you
have a splendid view Of a large part
of the forest, the fields and the River
Rhine. Beyond is a narrow path
that leads to a group Of rocks spanned
by q steel bridge
Coming down from the other side
is the Popular Schloss Favorite. 1t
was built by the Archduchess Sybills
and lies In the heart Of q woods. It
II very tiny but still 1t Is perhaps the
most picturesque palace for many
miles. The kitchen has q large col
lection of wonderful Delft and fine
copper. The rooms are interesting
because Of their quaint ire-places,
the rich Chinese and Japanese por-
Celaln. Inc WhllS hEc nuns WIN NOA-
vet embroidered with pearls, the work
Of the Duchess. Passing along the
woods you enter q primitive church
ornamented with strange altars.
Another lovely ride Is to the Wald-
see, this is found by making an ascent
at the other end OF the town. Tne
road IL easy at first but soon IL very
steep. It extends through a lovely
woods and has q shimmering small
lake In the centre. Looking down
over a high precipice you have q
splendid view OF the valley.
Close to Baden Baden Is the smaller
but equally charming resort Of Tri-
berg which Is In the heart Of the
black forest. II Is situated on q high
plateau and looks over large VAL
ley. In the heart Of the woods Is q
large and turbulent waterfall that
leaps among the trees into the val
ley below.
The Washington herald., 1911-11-19

side clad with heavy forests. In this
woods is the well-known cafe Belle
vue. It Is placed very high and COM
mands a beautiful view Of hotels and
handsome villas, Every afternoon the
place is crowded with people. who
come for afternoon tea and to enjoy
the scenery. Along the road are
benches hidden among the trees
where tired pedestrians can rest.
Then there are small stands where
women while away time looking at
and buying embroideries, laces, Bo-
hemian-glass, etc. The panorama
here suggests mere than one wild and
romantic scene in Wagnerian Opera
The hotel Is interesting. for 1t Is fur
some rooms are copied after hand
some villas, and others represent
peasants quarters.
Cafe Eglanderis, another place
where dozens and dozens Of cure
guests take their breakfast every
morning. They also come hero for
afternoon coffee. The scenes from the
terrace are truly magnificent Below
lies the picturesque town Of Marien-
had with hotels and charming villas
on the opposite hills.
Carlsbad and Marienbad are often
called twin cities; surely they are
friendly riva,l. because Of the small
separation. It takes less than two
hours to so from one town to the
other. The town OF Carlsbad. Ia
The Washington herald., 1911-11-19

large trees. Along one side are many
hotels surrounded with beautiful gar
dens. On the other side is a charm
ing promenade and high woods. At
the other end Of this Alice is the
Kussaal and the Kurhaus. Though
the Kurhaus is more than a century
old 1t retains much of its original
beauty. It has large open hall sup
ported by eight massive Corinthian
pillars.
Then follows the handsome Badener
Salon, which Is used for q picture
gallery. There are also large and
small dance-halls, mushrooms, etc.
These are beautifully furnished In the
best Louis XIII. XIV and XIV styles.
The drives about Baden Baden are
splendid. One Of the most popular
is to the fish-culture. It leads from
the Lichtenthal Alice, through q
small village. Here are seen small
farms, and peasant-houses. They
are as simple and quaint as they are
small. They are made Of wood and
bear close resemblance to the Swiss
The Washington herald., 1911-11-19

on the right The scales will tip on
hair and are OF the most delicate
mechanism. The work is done with
the greatest rapidity. and since the
Introduction Of the automatic adjust
ers about a year ago nearly thirty
two and one-half millions Of dollars
in gold have been adjusted and over
thirty-two million dollars in silver.
The machine Is patterned after the
Austrian Zetss machine with addi-
tional improvements, and while 1t Is
very costly instrument 1t has al
ready saved its cost in labor. 1t was
built In the machine shop at the Mint.
Recently five more Of these machines
were constructed in the same shop,
three Of which were sent to San
Francisco and two to Denver for use
in the Mints in these cities.
During the whole process Of money
making not q particle OF the metal
used Is allowed to go to waste. The
floors Of the melting room are COW
cred with iron Of q honey-comb pat
tern and divided into small sections
in order that It may easily be taken
up to save the dust The roughness
acts as q scraper and prevents any
metallic particles from clinging to the
shoes Of the workmen. The sweep
ings of this room, together with the
aprons and gloves Of the workmen,
are collected, burned and assayed. The
wisdom Of this plan will te understood
when 1t Is known that out of seven
hundred and forty-five pounds Of
sweeps" ten ounces Of gold and fifty
three ounces Of silver were obtained.
Some idea OF the vast business Of
the Philadelphia Mint will be realized
as one studies the report for last year,
when the largest number of single
pieces ever made in a Mint were
turned out-176,67o.53s minor coins,
and added to this were the larger
pieces, making in all 91,305,1os coins
which amounted in money to $751;
519,o26. This does not include the
$4s, 100000 worth Of coins made for
Costa Rica nor the hundreds Of med
ais manufactured at the Mint.
The employees come and go as do
the employees Of large manufactures,
and there Is no examination or search
ing Of their clothing when they leave
the building. At the close of the day
everybody makes a report and things
stand at a halt until the weights OF
the day check up to the proper pro-
portion Of loss in coinage.
The Washington herald., 1911-11-19
Tie WaEaa5 @SSS
LAn4eSSA SAZ1f

- HE earliest money made in
America was coined in brass
about the year 1917, and forty
- years later Massachusetts es-
tablished her own coinage system The
idea Of q National Mint originated
with Robert Morris, the hnancier Of
the American Revolution, and while
at the head Of the Finance Depart
ment he submitted q plan to Congress
for the coinage of money. The law
was passed and received the approval
Of President Washington on April 2nd,
1892. Shortly after the passage Of
the law, a small brick building to
be used as a Mint was erected on
Seventh Street, near Arch, in the
City of Philadelphia-the first build
ing erected for public use by the Fed
eral Government Coinage began here
in October, 1872, and the first piece
coined was a silver half dime. The
choice Of an emblem for the silver
dollar caused a lively debate and
there were many Quarrels as well as
amusing incidents before the eagle
was finally decided upon. For many
years all the work was done by hand.
In 1929, owing to the rapid growth
Of the United States, the supply Of
bullion increased beyond the capacity
Of the little building. and a new Mint
was erected at Chestnut and Juniper
Streets, where in 1886 steam power
was introduced into the workrooms.
From time to time improvements
were made in the process of coinage.
and again the demands of q growing
country necessitated a larger building.
This led to the erection of the splen-
did white marble structure which
stands on Spring Garden Street, and
is today not only the largest Mint In
the world, but the one possessing the
best appliances for the coinage Of
money which science has devised.
The workings Of our Philadelphia
Mint have been studied and some
parts Of its methods been copied by
several foreign countries. The build
ing fronts on Spring Garden Street
and occupies the entire block from
Sixteenth to Seventeenth Streets, run
ming back to the depth Of half a
block. The interior Is of marble, and
the central hallway is beautifully dec
grated with pictures OF the process Of
The Washington herald., 1911-11-19

T GREAT deal has been said and
written about the fashionable
resorts of Europe. Among the
best known Of these are Wies-
baden, Bad Homburg. and st. Moritz
Wiesbaden is popular because OF its
beautiful forests, and its magnificent
KursaaL The Kursaal Is perhaps the
finest IN all Europe. 1t has a per-
fectly decorated music hall, concert
hall, and restaurant. The public gar
dens extend for many miles and are
enhanced with great woods, statues
and artistic hower-beds. ST. Moritz
is situated in the Engandine Noun
tains among the glaciers; in the sum-
mer thousands come here to enjoy the
cool breeZes and perfect scenery. In
the winter II is used by all nations
as the great centre Of winter sports
Bad Homburg, near Frankfurt, is bril-
liant with public gardens, a beautiful
bath-house and many first class ho-
tells.
These resorts are all cosmopolitan;
here gather people from all parts Of
Europe and America TO drink the
waters and to take the baths. Popu-
lar as these places are they are less
exclusive than are Marienbad, Carls-
bad and Baden Baden. These are
known as the multimillionaire places
of Europe. Rooms in any Of the first
class hotels are as expensive as they
are in London and Paris They in
crease IN price as the season advances.
Marienbad and Carlsbad are in Bo-
hemiA, protected by mountains and
known as a great cure PLACE for many
centuries. King Edward's yearly visit
there did much to add to the popu-
larity of the place. Though King
George does not visit here 1t is popu-
lar with the smartest English and
Americans. Marienbad lies in a love-
ly spot 1t is in q valley surrounded
with beautiful forests. 1t has four
or five large springs found in diff
ferent parts Of the town. These
waters are gathered in marble basins
and are only allowed to flow from
seven untn eleven in the morning, and
from four until six in the evening.
During the high season, which ex-
tends from the middle of July to
the middle OF September, the springs
are crowded all day long. BY seven
o'clock the wells are crowded three
rows deep with men, women and chill
dren waiting with empty glasses to get
the water. A splendid band plays for
an hour every morning and late In
the afternoon. Here the women
promenade while they sip their water.
One Of the most beautiful spots Is the
WaIdQueIle, II Is spring In the heart
OF the forest. It Is surrounded with
beautiful walks below and on the hill
side. BY eleven the place is thronged
with crowds promenading up and
down.
1t is not the custom In these resorts
to take breakfast In the hotel They
dine at one or another Of the cafes
that are lodged In the woods, A most
popular walk il to the Bellevue. The
path Is on the edge of q precipice. Be-
low are seen meadows with wild now-
ers and modest country-homes, At
the end Of the woods q q steep hill
The Washington herald., 1911-11-19

Queen Elizabeth OF England-wsre
fiery. and we know her court was not
one Of dullness. Catherine Of Rus
sia's locks were Of the hue Titan loved
to paint And these are but few Of.
the women whose warm-colored tress-
es have adorned the pages Of history
and edded 70 romance and poetry
The Washington herald., 1911-11-19
The e.Prega DIou'-A CURIOUS Insect.

with slow. solemn gait, much like q
pilgrim with his stan. but II does not
walk q great deal. It's ordinary atti-
tude Is with arms raised toward
heaven. The pious attitude. however.
Is altogether deceitful one.
TIE insect is really not IN an at
The Washington herald., 1911-11-19
Red-Ffaired Women In History.

has found an empty throne she has
-crawled up on It and added to the
gayety OF the nations.
Cleopatra had red hair. And still
the enchantment of her presence lin
gers with us. The locks Of the death
less queen whom ags could not wither
The Washington herald., 1911-11-19

one thing TO be said in her favor
she is not stupid. Where she Il things
generally happen. She has swayed
the destinies Of nations; she has led
conquering armies to victory; she has
made a place for herself in literature
and the 6ns Arts-and wherever ahS
The Washington herald., 1911-11-19

n HERE nourishes in France
species Of grasshopper which
- the people OF that region called
the "pregs-diou." for the reason that
the attitudes assumed by the insect
indicate that It Is engaged In prayer.
When the insect walks. it proceeds