Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1911-03-23
THE ROADS OF THE WHOLE
WORLD MUST BE REMADE
"old Maeadam Will No Longer Stand
Strain of Automobile"

Nelson P. Lewis. chief engineer OF
the board of estimate of the borough
of Manhattan, New York city. believes
Nat the roads of every civilized coun-
try will have to be rebuilt because
the old macadam, the best thing until
now for highways, is unable to stand
the grind of automobiles. Roads will
have to be rebuilt to suit automobiles,
because the automobile Is q good thing
for roads of the kind that can bear its
peculiar pressure Speaking on this
subject recently, Mr.. Lewis said:
while l believe that only bitumi-
nous substance, such as tar, asphalt or
mineral Oil. should be used as binding
material for loose rock aud sand in
place of water and that all our roads
should be relaid. as they must be soon
er or later, many engineers seem to
think that by spreading a cohesive
mixture over the surface Of the roads
as they are will be all that is required.
Some others believe that new mac
adam may be laid and the surface
treated with this bituminous mixture.
They assume that it will penetrate
through and make the rock fittings
fast.
"On one point there is no disagree
ment. 1t is that no roads anywhere
except those newly built according to
some of these more modern processes
are able to withstand automobile traf-
tic. When vehicles were drawn by
horses the only damage done to the
roads was by the horssshoes. The
drawn Vehicle was benefit to the
road having the effect of steam roll
or in packing and hardening the sand
and clay
"Everywhere the cry of bad roads
is going up. We are no worse off
than the rest of the world. 1t is a
problem which now engages the Sc
rous attention of the French govern
ment- and England which spent
hundred years in making her splendid
highways. is now rebuilding them as
fast as she can to accommodate them
to new conditions
ut is quite generally agreed that
some form of bitumen is best adapted
Tor this purpose
There are four general methods of
using it:
"First.--Conting tho wurface to form.
temporarily at least. waterproof and
dustless road
Second The penetration method. by
which the bituminous matter is forced
down into the broken stone, and sand or
screenings are used to talte up the excess
Of bitumen.
'Third.yThe interpositio of the bitumi-
nous mixture between the bottom course
OF stone and the top cours Q. or new wear
ing surface and the forcing Of the upper
course into the mixture. additional ma
terfal being added to the alrface to COM
pietely fill the interstice, between the
stones. while sand or sore enings are ap-
piled to take up any excess upon the sur
face.
Fourth. = The mixing method. under
which the stone which is to form the
wearing surface is thorough ly coated with
the hot bituminous cement. with prop
er amount of screenings nd other fine
material added to reduce he votds. the
mixture being spread upon he road while
hot after which 1t is thor, ,ughly rolled
as In the of the ordi nary asphalt
pavement or bituminous mao adam of the
American type. the surface again being
coated with sand or screenin ys as in the
other cases.
Surface coating can be con sidered tenn
porary or palliative only"