The Detroit times., 1911-12-25
EDUCATED CHINESE At
HEAD OF UPRISING
Capt. Kirton Tells How Reform
ers Work Against Manchu
Reactionaries in Pekin.
sx CAPT. WALTER kIRToN.
Editor Of the Shanghai National Re

EDITOR OF the shanghai National Ne
view.
SHANGHAI, China, Nov. 25.-Re-
form In China has always had TO work
secretly but secret reform societies
have been and are the backbone OF
the present great revolution.
The chief organizations are the Ka-
ming-tang and the Kao-lo-hin.
The word Ka-mung-tang means al
most literally Down with the dy-
nasty" Its purpose is to drive the
Manchu dynasty from the throne and
set up a republic The ramifications
OF this society are very deep and
wide. and II includes within its men,
bership many thousands whose only
care and hope is that disorder of some
sort may bring about the object they
seek The leaders are none of them
men OF outstanding rank, and their
best-known parsonage Is DR.. Sun Vat
sen. an exile from his country for
many years, and at the present time
trying to raise funds for the revolu-
tionaries from the Chinese in the
United States.
The other society, the Kao-lo-hin,
was first organized as benevolent so
ciety, but during the Boxer outbreak
Il took to lawless ways, and is now
practically semibandit organization
along the whole valley of the Yangtze
Kians from Chinkiang to Chungking.
II has no political aims or purposes,
but takes advantage of any disturb
ance OF the peace. whether brought
about by scarcity of food. military in
subordination, or any other cause.
Standing quite outside these soci-
cites Is the great body of responsible
Chinese reformers, men like Kang Yu-
wei and LANG Chihchiao, who seek
no violent social upheaval, but stand
! for the complete and thorough reor-
SANITATION OF the whole administra-
\ tive system on constitutional lines.
These. men of education and wide ac-
cuaintance with constitutional gov
ernment and the administrative sys-
TENS of the modern west, have the
sympathy, IL not the open support. OF
those modern Chinese officials who
have had the advantage OF education
abroad or on western lines in their
own country.
The leaders of the presS~~ revolu-
ton are men of this stamp, impatient
OF the delays which the Manchu re-
dictionaries in Pekin are able TO inn
rose on the progress of reform. and
especially resenting the arbitrary
everything Of the wishes OF the ma
tforiai and provincial assemblies, with
regard to the railway issue.
Gen. II, the commander of the revo-
lutionary army, is this type OF man
shrewd well-educated. speaking
English and Japanese as well as his
mother tongue, and for years an Of
iicer of the Chinese army, who has
done its best TO moderniZe army or
ganization and administration and
with considerable success within his
own province.
The revolutionary outbreak has re-
yealed in an astonishing way the
rapid strides that the Chinese press
has made during the past ten years.
Ten years ago IL was unknown for the
Chinese press of Shanghai to issue
specials or extras" at all hours OF
the day, and even during the Boxer
outbreak no great crowds gathered
outside the newspaper Offices, walt
ing for news Today it is different:
The Shantung road, the Park row OF
Shanghai, is thronged throughout the
day and packed half the night with
Chinese waiting for every bulletin of
news which the newspapers at ire
quent intervals post up.
The sympathies Of the crowd are be-
yond question. They are revolution
airy to man. An illustration of this
was seen in an incident worth relat-
Ing. One newspaper, which has been
all along loyalist, put out a placard,
announcing a great imperialist vic
tory, In which 1000 revolutionaries
had been killed. The crowd pelted
the placard with mud and stones, and
finally tore Ii down.
Somebody suggested that the alleg-
ed Telegram was a fake and three or
four men entered the editorial office
demanding to see the original tele-
gram The editor could not produce
II whereupon the crowd began to
wreck his premises.
In another way sympathy is being
shown with the revolutionaries. The
newspapers have been officially for
hidden to publish comments favorable
to the revolutionaries. but they have
adopted a clever plant of showing
their colors. They are issuing their
extras" and specials" on red paper.
Red is in China the complimentary
color, and thus their congratulations
to the revolutionaries are expressed.
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