Newark post., 1911-03-01
THE RURAL PROBLEM
Interesting Facts Presented By Prof II. Hayward,
Director Of The College Farm

2nd-Supposed .ack Of social oppor-
tunity
3ru-Bari emess OF personal re-
sources, and the unrest and o1scontent
caused by it.
With your indulgence ! VIII discuss
briehy eacn one O these reasons. |
have stated that one CT the reasons
Why especially The young men ot the
country go to the towns IS The sup
posed lack OF financial opportunity,
and 1 use the word supposed ADVISED
ly. his III turn IS cue IN part to the
fault Of the paren.s in not ln,er estlng
their children III the finances OF the
business, and in part to tack Ct lntor-
nation of how those in non agrlcut tu-
raj pursuits live.
1t is dirtlcult 10 MIKE COMPARISONS
as to relative incomes OF those who live
in towns or cities, and those who till
the soil i'll the country. 10 get some
iniormation along these lines ali i'll
vestigator a few years ago secured a
list OF typical, representative .armers
engaged in different lines Of work and
located in various parts OF the United
States. Questions were sent to these
men, asking them for business state
ment regarding the management and
returns from their farms Figures
were tai0ulated from forty-seven farms.
Among these were some managed by
firms, including brothers, or father and
son. aking these into consideration
made flitv- persons to share IN the
returns which these farms yeloed. Ine
average salary rece we'd by these nifty
| six persons, alter uedu. ting AL run
ming expenses, 5 per cent interest on
| the capital invested, per cent tor de-
probation and insurance on buildings.
and 10 per cent for Nep1 ecIaIlon on
teams and tools, was 81 300 40. These,
it must be granted, were picked farm
, ers, men known to be successful men
! The returns are therefore doubtless
considerably above the average re.
turns, yet they are by no means excep-
tional. 1t was not always the largest
enterprises that showed the creates,
profits.
| " it'll these farms it may be fair &c
compare the exceptional man IN other
! lines. The man who has had the ad-
vantage of thorough college training
which has fitted him iC1 definite line
OF work must certainly rank above the
be fairly compared with these sue.
cessiul farmers. President Prichett
! OF the Massachusetts, Institute of Tech.
nology is authority for the statement
/ made at about the same time these fig
ures were gathered, that the averag,
salary OF the graduates of that jnsti
tuition is about S65ooo. The average
salary OF teachers III Massachusetts !!
given as about $4,000.
These comparisons have tC do will
! the exceptional man. In the repOr
OF the Pennsylvania Department o
Agriculture for 1850, John Hamilton
then Secretary OF Agriculture TO
! Pennsylvania. makes a careful com
psrison between the returns secured
by the average farmers family in tha
State and those secured by the aver
age workers in other lines He frs
refers to substantial agreemen
among statisticians THAI G3 per cent
o. the people in this country live upol
incomes OF less than $500 per year
/ which income must support a iamil
OF three persons He finds this Il
agree very closely with the average re
turns OF the wage-earners in the manu-
featuring industries in Pennsylvania
He then compares these hgureS Wit
the average returns from Pennsyl
vana farms, as shown by census sta
tistics. His figures lead him TO III
conclusion that while each person i
the average family in % per cent. c
our homes has SI33.33 per year to liv
upon, each member Of the aVerae
pennsylvania farmers famiiy receive
! SIoS.26 Deducting similar living eS
= penses in each case leaves a surplus {
) $3.50 for each member OF the farm
er's family and a surplus Of $500 fC
each member OF the family engaged
other pursuits These figures assum
: the same cost OF living each case, Will
as a matter of fact the cost is alway