The Colorado statesman., 1911-07-08
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~ SdHELI1ks a James Mon.
roe, who In
his message to congress in 1928 first
formally stated 1t. 1t has been re-
garded as the corollary of Washing
.on's policy of encouragement In Eu-
ropean affairs. One implied our
keeping out of European affairs; the
other Europe keeping out of American
affairs.
AS originally stated II applied to the
boundary dispute in the northwest in
which Russia. Great Britain and the
United States we're interested Rus
sia had assumed to exclude foreigners
from disputed territory extending to
the fifty-first parallel of latitude. Presi-
dent Monroe said:
The occasion has been judged
proper for asserting principle in
= hich the rights and interests of the
United States are involved. that the
American continents, by the free and
independent conditions which they
have assumed and maintained, are
henceforth not to be considered as
subject for future colonization by any
European powers"
This controversy was settled in 1926
by treaty with Russia. This part of
the doctrine was again formulated by
President John Quincy Adams in 1926
in proposed instructions to the dele
gates from the United States to the
Panama congress.
The second part of the doctrine
dealing with non-intervention by Eu-
rope as the first dealt with non-colo-
nization by Europe related to the pro
posed action of the Holy Alliance
(Russia, Austria and Prussia), as an
nounced in 1922, directed against the
system of representative government
in Europe and aiming at the reimpo-
sition of the Spanish yoke on the South
American colonies then in revolt, the
Independence of which had already
been recognized by the United States.
This action by the European powers
threatened British commercial inter
ests in the Latin American states and
England proposed to the United States
a joint declaration against the action
of the alliance. Without waiting for
reply from Washington, London, no.
titled the French government of its
opposition. President Monroe's declar-
alton followed promptly. He said:
I'VE owe 1t, therefore, to candor and
the amicable relations existing be-
tween the United States and these
powers to declare that we should con-
slider any attempt on their part to ex-
tend their system to any portion of
C nh
peace and safety. With the existing
colonies and dependencies of any Eu-
ropean power we have not interfered
nor shall we interfere But with the
governments who have declared their
independence and manifested 1t and
whose Independence we have on great
consideration and just principles ac-
knowledged, we could not view any
interposition for the purpose of op-
pressing them or in any other man.
ner controlling their destiny than as
a manifestation of an unfriendly dis
position toward the United States"
Before that Jefferson had said:
Our first and fundamental maxim
should be never to entangle ourselves
In the broils of Europe. Our second
never to suffer Europe to intermeddle
in cis-Atlantic affairs
The doctrine has never received ex-
press legislative sanction, but rests
upon the declared policies of admin
istrations, voiced by the presidents
The interference of the United States
in Mexico compelling the withdrawal
of the French in 1866; President
Cleveland's warning to Great Britain
in connection with the Venezuelan
boundary dispute in 1893 and the
practical acknowledgment of the doc
trine by the European powers in the
Venezuelan blockade in 1903 during
Costro's presidency, are illustrations
of the actual assertion of the doctrine
that the United States opposes any
permanent occupation of additional
territory on this continent by a Eu-
ropean power