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The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1911-11-21
PROF. MASSEYS FARM TOPICS

table stock at small Get at
it and stop making other people rich
out Of 4 small yield OF cotton.
Loss of Fertility by Winter Teaching.
do you think" asks a subscriber.
that there is much loss from teaching
in the soil in winter OF phosphate and
potash. have been taught that there
is little loss Of these"
The leaving Of the land bare in
winter will not cause appreciable
loss OF phosphate or potash. The
main loss is the washing out Of solu-
liable nitrates the most costly form
of plant food when purchased in Il
fertilizer. If We have a green winter
crop on the land these nitrates Viii
be taken up and we can recover them
in the form of organic nitrogen when
the water crop is turned under in the
spring.
The chief loss of mineral matters
is from cropping and grazing. The
grain and see crops carry off a great
deal Of the phosphorus and every
young animal fed on the land carries
off a great deal in the making OF his
bony frame. Hence, in cultivated land
the phoSphates are rapidly used up.
In q state of natur there is little loss
ecaus there is always the winter
cover Of hardy native plants, and the
uncultiEated soil is gaining all the
time. But when we go 10 taking
crops from the land, we must in some
way restore the loss, and the greatest
loss to be restored artiicially in fertil-
izers is the phosphorus. Nitrogen as
nitrates leaves US rapidly, but the air
is full Of nitrogen, and we can get il
through the growing Of legune crops,
and nature is always restoring some
nitrogen. for we get about six pounds
a year on an average in the rainfall.
No farmer who farms right need
ayor hItv nffrnonn nr or1ro0nio an n
fertilizer. but the only way he can
restore the loss Of phosphorus and
potassium Is by return ing them to
the soil in the form of phorphoic acid
and potash. Dc that and grow and
feed legume ops. and save the man
ure carefully, and you never need to
spend a GER for ammonia.
How to Cure Hams.
My method Of curing hams is as
follows: Trim them neatly and make
a brine strong enough to float a fresh
egg. Put them in his and let them
remain four or five days to draw all
blood. Then take them out and boil
and skim the brine and when cold re-
turn them to the brine, adding enough
fresh brine to cover them, and then
add for each 100 pounds of ham a
pint Of black molasses and an ounce
saltpeter, and let the hams remain in
the brine two or three weeks. Then
take them out and hang and smoke
we'll with hickory wood or corn cobs
and smother the fire with green
cedar brush. When we'll smoked.
take them down and paint them all
over with a thick mixture of black
molasses and black pepper. Wrap
IN stout brown paper and put each
IN a cotton sack and dip it in lime
wash n hang in a dark smoke
house. The hams will improve till
a year Did.
L treat shoulders in the same way.
n sides. except that the sides re-
main in brine half the time the hams
90. JOWIs treated in this way are
me Tor boiling with turnip greens
in the spring.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1911-11-21
F. MANURING-
HAIRY VETCH

winter vetch. You may have TO have
it ~inoculateG before it will make
much of , growth and you may have
to be somewhat careful not to let il
become a weed in your wheat and
oat fields. but II is one of our best
plants for soil improvement and
grows during the fall, winter and
spring when most other crops are off
the land.
1t should be soWn In September or
October and plowed down just before
planting in the spring. The see6
can be secured from most seed 6ea1-
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1911-11-21

cow manure or by using about 81
TONS OF S-2-2. It will cost YOU at
ieast $50 to haul and spread 900
tons OF manure in case your field is
nalI a mile from the stables. The
TWO bushels of vetch seed for the acre
Will cost $500 or-s6.OO and the nlow-
ing and most Of the harrowing will
Incidentally prepare the land for the
next crop.
amount Of nitrogen thus taken
from tne air at no cost at all and
the phosphate and potash rendered
aVallaole in the soil is equal to that
taken out of a ten acre field by
nearly 1000 bushels of corn: 1000
usheis OF wheat, or ffty-six 500
pound oales Of cotton. All of the
ltrosen has been taken either d.
tiy from the air or rendered aratl-
aoie py decomposition of pre-existins
organic matter in the soil. In case
me phosphate and potash are not
artifcially they are taken up
from the earth through the roots Of
the plants: built into the plant It's
sues n rendered available to the
succeeolng crop on decay of the
roots, stems and leaves of the yetcn
plants.
j. l.. BURGESS.
North Carolina Department Of Agri-
culture.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1911-11-21

A story Of King Alfred and the
Danes-the first long poem written
by Gilbert K. Chesterton-has Just
published in England and viii
appear In this country in October
bearing the John Lane Company i'm
print. h London Nation says that
il is by Tar the best and most import
ant thing that Mr.. Chesterton has
done, and will live very much longer
any other of his writings.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1911-11-21

Progressive Farmer.)


Alfalfa that has made a fair tan
growth should not be cut now. Let i
the most uncertain hay crop you can
stand as a winter protection A Sood
dressing of Thomas phosphate in the
early sprinN will be 4 great help. inns
will also be good for crimson clover.
Canada peas and oats make about
SOW in the South. If the spring is wet
and cold they nay do fairly well. but
in a spring like the last. when it got
hot early. they will do nothing SO lar
as the peas are concerned.
In frames under glass 1 set lettuce
plants Of the big Boston type s by 10
inches, and find that this gives plenty
OF room. The smaller Tennis Ball
can lie set s by s inches and the leaf
lettuce, the Grand Rapids, the same
distance. SO that it is crowded for
blanching. This is an excellent let
tuce for home use, but dOeS not sell
well in the East.
How will it do to plant English
peas in the fall?" The tall Marrow
fats are commonly planted in NoveIn-
Der in Eastern North Carolina some
times along the dead cotton stalks as
a But the extra early peas
n Z oCALI4 \"
ways planted in North Carolina the
first good spell after New Years day.
The later wrinkled peas should not be
planted till late February, as they are
apt to rot if planted too early.
There is no advantage in planting
Irish potatoes in the fall. II my ex-
periments / found hat they started
too early and got frosted. In general,
the best time to plant them is in Feb
ruary, though. of course, in the lower
South and in Florida they are plant
ed earlier. But I have seen potatoes
in north Florida badly frosted that
were planted in January. February
is much safer in nearly all sections Of
the South, and these sometimes get
caught by frost in March in North
Carolina.
Several letters ask for information
about blowing land foT wheat No
vember is too late to star to prepare
land for wheat. Wheat needs a care
full preparation Of the soil some time
before sowing time, SO that the soil
can get well settled. It is usually too
late for the best results, to SOW wheat
after cotton. The cotton land should
be in crimson clover. and wheat will
do better after corn or tobacco is cut
from the and and the surface finely
disked weeks before seeding time. OF
course. III most parts Of the South
every month from June to November
wheat can be sowed in November, but
the preparation of the soil should have
been made a month or more ago.
IL. A. Niyen says hat October and
November are the times to prune the
Scuppernong grape. My father used
to prune in June, and 1 nave pruned
with no bleeding at all" So writes
a reader The time for pruning any
plant will depend on what pou pro-
pose to accomplish by the pruning. If
you want to check too rapid a growth.
n summer pruning is all right, but
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1911-11-21

everything they need. The man who
makes 5000 pounds OF lint VIII
doubtless be feeding stock n VIII De
making his own pork n bacon,
while the man who buys his meat is
paying the man out West who raised
the hog, the railroad that carried 1t
to Chicago, the packer who killed ana
cured it and became q millionaire, the
railroad hat brought it South, and
the merchant who odd 1t TO him.
Every one Of these gets a profit out
of that bacon and the ~all-cotton man
pays them all out of his little crop
that he has grown on a piece OF ola
dead sand n clay that he has at
tempted to g~alvanize into temporary
life with a couple of undred pounds
of 2-S-2 IN acre.
And all the time he could have rails
ed the pig and cured the bacon more
cheaply than the man out West tina
raised it, and would have cut on all
the profits Of the railroads., the pack
er and the merchant.
The Poor Man Still Has a Chance.
1 know a man who years & went
in debt, without a penny, tor an oid
piece of land hat grew nothing on
it's deep sand but sassafras sprouts,
land that would come as near failing
to sprout peas as any land IN Inc
world. To-day, after 20 years OF
hard work., he can draw his check
for thousands, has a beautiful home,
great barns, and has refused $25o
per acre for his land, and has bought
more, and works nearly 700 acres,
employing at times as many as 10
hands, and makes a moderate fortune
every year. It takes brains and
energy. and the man that has these
will make a success at farming, while
the man who is c~ontented to scratch
along on a chattel mortgage every
year, with as little thought about
the study Of his business as the mule
he works. will always have poor land,
poor mules. n no implements but
q toOth-pick pillow, and will do more
actual hard labor than the man who
studies and aims for higher things.
A successful business farmer in
South Carolina told me some years
e that the cured and smoked bacon
and hams in his smoke-house had cost
him an average of 4 IL cents q
pound. The Affection men were then
paying IA cents a pound for the white
sides from the West heavily charged
with barytes, and they have got to
pay more now. And there is no part
Of this country where pork can be
made as cheaply as in the South, be-
Il Of the great variety Of feeds
n can grow for the hogs to forage
on all summer. You cannot make
bacon for 4 IL cents a pound if you
feed only corn, but with rape II
crimson clover. cowpeas and sweet
potatoes that the hogs can root in
succession. you can make pork cheap
er than the Northern and Western
farmers.
But you can not do it with razor
backs. You must have pigs that ma
tur quickly and make bigger hams
than noses. l have seen hogs roofing
among the saw paln1ettos in Florida ,
that looked as though they needed a
weigh on their tails to balance their
heads. These are not the sort to raise
for profit. but with good hearty sows
Of the common stock and q flul-blood-
ed boar one car soon breed up a prof I.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1911-11-21

if you want to promote growth, then
prCle when the plant is dormant
There will not be bleeding in sum-
mer for the leaves will take up the
sap. but the summer pruning Will be
a check to the growth all the same.
We hope that many OF our readers
who have not yet started bank &C
counts are planning TO put some mon
ey into the bank When this years
crops are sold. a bank accoun does
much to promote leading a
man to save money many times when
he would probably spend it if he kept
it in his pocket, and it also increases
a mans dignity and sef-respect-
makes him feel that he is really a
business man." Moreover. a bank ac-
kinds Of business more satisfactorily,
providing a receipt for each disburse-
ment in the form Of the returned
check, and in making remittances by
mail it saves the risk Of sending cash
and the nnoyanc Of getting money
orders. Start a bank account this
fall even II You have only IS to be-
| gin with.
I have understood hat in some
sections two customs have prevailed
to q greater or less extent which tend
to depress cotton prices. One Of
these is when farmers sell their cot
ton and then buy cotton On contract
for future delivery. or course this
has the same effect in supplying buy
ers and preventing increased prices
as if the farmer had sold without any
contract. These contracts are con-
trary to the law Of this State, but /
am not informed as to whether it is
contrary to the laws of other cotton
States. The other practice is for
farmers to urn their cotton over with
an agreement that the price shall be
the price at which cotton is selling al
some future time when the farmer
demands payment. OF course, SO far
as affecting the price Of cotton is con-
cerned, the farmer had as well turn
his cotton loose at once without fer
erence to future prices.
farming vs.. Planting Cotton.
An Eastern North Carolina farmer
writes: Il made the mistake Of SOW
ing crimson clover seed in my cotton
too early, or in July, and almost ruin
ed the cotton, for the grass is now
three feet high between the rows. But
But / will make 1000 pounds an acre.
people. but on the same farm where
I cultivated the cotton late I have
land 10 better that will make 5000
pounds. Deep breaking, rapid and
late cultivation, does the work for me
/. Have only Been farming this
land for six years. When I bought it
eight years ago it was rented and
made 800 to 500 pounds OF cotton an
acre. I have always succeeded
when governed by you"
All Of which is very pleasant read
ing and shows hat the work Of the
Progressive Farmer is telling in the
South. The man who, by good
farming, makes 5000 pounds Of seed
cotton an acre does not need to put
all his land in cotton, for he gets
more with less labor than the man
who takes eight or ten acres to make
5000 pounds
But these crops are not made by
the men who depend on cotton for
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1911-11-21

When q woman goes shopping, she
usually spends more on the children
and less on herself than she
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1911-11-21
Tense.

Tense.
Teacher-Tommie, what IS the fu
ture OF It give?
Tommie-Tou take.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1911-11-21

4 kitten is Md and innocent, but 1t
always grows UP to be a cat.
The Batesburg advocate. [volume] (Batesburg, S.C.) 1901-1911, 1911-09-08
COTTON MEN ENTER PROTEST
Concerned Over Prohibltory Order of
the State Entomoloslst-Has Re-
eeived Letters of Inquiry.

lumbia.-Considerab diso,;et.
ude is being manifested among cotton
manufacturers and cotton brokers in
South Carolina over the recertlv &c.
sued order of State Entomolosist
+. Conradi, stating that. beginning
with the 10th of September. the state
law, prohibiting the Importation into
this state of cotton from territory iii
tested with the boil weevil will be rig
idly enforced. This law was enacted
during the session Of 1904 and amend
ed at the session of 1908. Since the
issuance of the order by Mr.. Conradi.
commissioner Watson has received
several letters from manufacturers
and cotton brokers inquiring about
the law and asking information as to
the boil weevil territory. A letter
was received from Capt. e. A s;mythe
of Greenville, president of the State
Cotton Manufacturers Association.
| and another letter was received from
Cooper & Griffin, prominent cotton
| brokerage concern having offices in
! Greenville and other points in the
state
From the tone Of these letters it is
| evident that the enforcement of the
| quarantine law this year will hamper
the cotton mill industry in this state
| to considerable extent The law.
| however, is in protection Of the cotton
crop of the state, which is a greater
| industry than even that of cotton man
ufacturing, and there seems to be
nothing for the cotton manufacturers
| to do except to get along the best way
| they can under the provisions of the
law. The territory infested by the boil
weevil is constantly growing larger,
and thus the territory left open for
the manufacturers in this state to
draw upon continues to grow smaller
Although Commissioner Watson is
deeply interested, from his position,
in the industrial and agricultural de
velopment of the state, he is inform
| ing the writer's of these letters that
he has no authority whatever in the
matter. He calls attention to a cir
cular recently issued by Mr.. Conrad.
| in which it is explained that clean
compressed cotton can be imported
from infected territory without dan
| ger during July and August and for
that reason the law was not rigidly
enforced during those months, but
with the coming of the Information
season of the insect the law must be
rigidly obeyed.
The Batesburg advocate. [volume] (Batesburg, S.C.) 1901-1911, 1911-09-08
COTTON CROP SHOWS LOSS
DROP OF SLIGHTLY OVER IA
POINTS SHOWN DURING
MONTH OF AUGUST.
severe Droughts, Hot Winds and
Worms Responsible for the
Heavy Drop.

New fork.-According to 1900 re-
plies of special correspondents of the
Journal of Commerce and Commercial
bulletin bearing an average mail
GATE OF August 23, "A percentage con-
dltlon OF cotton was on that date 1875,
as compared with SG.9 month ago.
This compares with 7O.7 per cent.
last year, 66 per cent. in 1909, 7S.1
per cent. in 1908 and 1919 in 1907. The
ten year average is 1873 per cent, and
the loss OF 1i.3 points during the
month of August is the greatest in
that month in the past ten years. The
most important declines occurred in
Texas and Oklahoma, respectively,
PA points and 1911, where severe
droughts and hot winds and worms
caused heavy shedding.
Well informed and conservative cor
respondents incline TO the belief that
the deterioration shown in this
months crop reports has been un-
duly exaggerated, consciously or un-
consciously, by the active agitation in
the cotton belt against large crop es-
Inmates. These returns must, there
fore, be accepted accordingly, and due
allowance made for popular lies.
The Batesburg advocate. [volume] (Batesburg, S.C.) 1901-1911, 1911-09-08
GRAFT RUNS RIOT
IN OHIO ASSEMBLY
SlCkENlNG TALE OF BR.SERY
TOLD EY CONVICTED
RODNEY ]. DIEGlE.
CONFESSED TO REPORTER
Trail of Graft Leads to Doors of
Many Members Of Ohio Gen.
eral Assembly.

Cleveland, Ohio.-"Rodney j. DieSle
has broken his silence, says the
Plain Dealer in lengthy story, r.
iating that Diegle has made con
fession to q member of its staff. The
Plain Dealers story mentions no
names. The confession is being re
served for the Franklin county grand
jury at Columbus.
The story says in part:
The convicted sergeant.at'arms OF
the Ohio state senate has told his
story, sickening in many of its details,
OF trail of bribery and graft, which
leads to the doors of many members
OF the Ohio general assembly. 1t is a
story extending from the office ana
place of business of the successful
lawyer, manufacturer and merchant,
to the low dives and brothels of Co.
lumbus. 1t will wreck regulations and
bring sorrow to many homes, even
should the lobbyists and members in
question, by hook or crook, escape
long sentences in states prison. Ii
is story of professional men of
standing in Ohio, representatives of
business interests and politicians at
tempting to arouse the spirit of ve-
nality in the breasts OF legislators.
I'm his recital Diegel gives names
both of members and lobbyists and
particularizes on incidents.
The legislation, on account of
which these methods were employed,
is given in the Diegle story
Columbus, Ohio.-"Diegle will re-
ceive no immunity unless he tells all.
We are determined to get at the in
side of these matters and unless he
does as he promised and relates ev-
erything he knows regarding bribery
in the Ohio state legislature he will
get no clemency."
The Batesburg advocate. [volume] (Batesburg, S.C.) 1901-1911, 1911-09-08
BUREAU CHECKING BILLS
Liverpool Bill of Lading Valuation
Scheme Oppoc 5ed by Southern
Exchanges.

New orK.-The new agreement in
tended to safeguard cotton shipping
documents went into effect, and the
central bureau provided for in that
agreement began it's activities with
the backing of practically all the cot
toncarrying railroads, it was announc.
ed here by the Liverpool cotton bills
of lading conference committee in a
statement which explained the plan
adopted, and answered various criti-
cisms. The committee says it issued
the statement in order to clear up
any misapprehension that may have
arisen from recent newspaper COM
ment especially in the South, and to
make clear the ends to which the
committee has been working. The
statement refers to the safeguarding
previously of ocean bills of lading
New Orleans, La.-Not until the
New Orleans conference of represen-
tativcS of Southern exchanges, com
mercial organizations, bankers and
others interested in the handling of
cotton takes place, September is, un-
der the auspices OF the New Orleans
cotton exchange, is any action expect
ed concerning the Liverpool bills of
lading valuation scheme which has
just become effective.
The central bureau plan has been
vigorously opposed by every South
ern exchange in strong resolutions,
and although this plan became effect.
i've, members of the local exchange
"'" ""nortors declare that they will
The Batesburg advocate. [volume] (Batesburg, S.C.) 1901-1911, 1911-09-08
Southern Lawyers Angry.

Boston, Mass.-Southern members
of the American Bar association are
threatening to secede unless William
II. Lewis, the negro United states dis
trict attorney at Boston, ceases to be
a member of the organization Lewis
has been told of the attitude of the
Southern members, but he has no in.
tention of resigning, he declares. Col.
Alexander Troy of Montgomery, Ala,
who thinks Lewis should be put out
of the association. said: 81 feel so
deeply on the subject that | cannot
trust myself to be quoted, except to
say that the proposition before the
American Bar association looks to me
to be that if they keep its negro it
will lose thousand members
throughout the South
The Batesburg advocate. [volume] (Batesburg, S.C.) 1901-1911, 1911-09-08

up OF the organization which is col
lecting funds for the defense of the
Mcnamara brothers in Los Angeles.
Matthew A. McConville, grand mar
shal, said that every organization af-
filiated with the Central Federation
of Unions was represented.
The largest single organization in
line was the Union of Cloakmakers,
which was represented by nearly thir-
ty-five thousand men and women. The
Women's Trade Union league had a
float in line labeled Life and La-
bor"
There was another disquieting note
in the appearance of representatives
of the sailors and firemen's union of
Britain, who paraded here for the first
time. They bore banners with the
inscriptions:
The seamen of Great Britain beat
the shipping federation. What can I
scamen of the world do?"