davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-08
NGMAN Or New ORLEANS
3cnSTowm Men
= cdct fit s.
9QafhS900r

ing 10 dispatch a MANNED dog but bum
Cling In the task. mercifully shoots the
dog to get II ont OF its misery. The aver
age sheriff is az ineffective as these boys
The more deXtrously the task is per-
formed the more humane is the carrying
out of the law.
The drop should be tight. the rope
should be tested. The adjustment of the
moose is a matter OF science. The knot
should rest underneath the hack of the
jawbone. This hangman's knot is mat
ter of art in the tying. When the drop
falls the knot under the jawbone strikes
blow I'm just the right place TO render the
victim unconscious even If his neck is not
broken But the knot in this place will
give the necessary amount of side motion
to snap the spinal cord.
A light man needs longer drop than q
heavy man. The lghtest should drop as
much as nine feet Yet in the case OF
Carl Bortuna, the German baker a man
weighing 80 pounds, but three and A half
feet . as neces airy. \ drop of nine feet
would have severed his head from the
body. Ii Is such MISTAKES as thus that
the average sheriff makes.
But the hangman OF New Orleans, In
the fulness Of his experience. is the great
est of enemies of the hanging method. al
though he believes ii superior to electro
cution. He denounces the garishness of
the parade that is a part of 1t. He believes
that the presence of witnesses but calls
up the grosser things In the nature of the
man who is going to meet his God. 1t
breeds bravado and the badman spirit.
And he has substitute. He believes
that criminals condemned to die should
be asphyxiated. 1t would be little trouble
to SO arrange death chambers as to make
them alright. The gas connections could
be easily made. Then at the right time the
cocks could be turned and the man might
die in quiet while he slept without ever
knowing that death was ashland.
The object of the death penalty. John
ston urges. is merely to deprive the crimi-
nal of his life. The more decentiy this
may be done the better for all parties con-
cerned. The man is sentenced to die at
some time during a certain week. He has
ample opportunity to prepare himself.
Then, at some time when he Is quietly
sleeping In the death cell, the gas is turn
ed on and the man wakes no more. He
suffers no pain. he is made no barbaric
spectacle that cries out against the vaunt-
ed civilization of the twentieth century.
says Johnston. He is removed in a man.
ner that is as humane as that accorded
to the crippled animal in the streets.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-08

tnat had driven him to America. ana II
developed that his two natures dated
from that crime.
when he was lad just getting grown
he loved a girl. Their families were
very religious. but Of different beliefs.
These differences made ii impossible for
the young couple to marry. They there
fore agreed upon a suicide pact. Both
should die. One night they went into a
cemetery. 1t was agreed that Carl should
shoot the girl and then himself. He per-
formed the first part of the compact and
his courage failed him. He threw the
pistol from him and fled to America.
But his crime followed him. 1t blotted
all the good out Of his nature. Only vii
lainy and degeneracy remained. He was
the most indecent and repulsive prisoner
I ever encountered. But at the last his
mind went back to his boyhood. He told
the priest Of it. Of it's studies. it's philos-
ophy. it's religion. He died in that re-
ligion.
There was the case of Leon Gabbia.
an Italian arrested and convicted In con-
nection with the kidnapping and murder
of a seven-year-old boy. My belief is
that Gabbia died an innocent man. He
cried out continuously against the injus-
tice that was being done him. Though
reared Catholic he refused to see the
priest. He maintained that there was no
God. else such injustice as that in his
case would not be possible. undertook
the task at which the priest had failed.
l tried to show him how much harder
it would be for him to die on the scat
fold In defiance than in a forgiving spirit.
I spent the whole of the second night be-
fore his death with him. Next morning
he received the priest. From the scaffold
he made a speech forgiving all those who
had sworn against him. He died in
peace"
80
Johnston explains the skill necessary
to the successful carrying out of the
sentence of death. He recites the condi-
ton of most men when in the company
of those SO near death. There is the big
deputy sheriff. Pat King, in New Or
leans. 1t falls to the part of King to read
the death warrant of the prisoners.
Never yet has the big officer gotten
through that reading without breaking
down. Yet he is more familiar with the
difficulties in these cases than the average
sheriff who has to carry out all the de-
tails of executions.
Johnston says that from the time he
first took up the profession of hangman
1t was in the same spirit as that of a
man who. seeing crowd of boys attempt
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-08
The Farms Of Paesne-Raing Stock and Grain the Land Of Vii

A MONG the Shepherds
: "A and the Sheepfolds-
Camels and Donkeys-How
Flowing Is Done-A Taxed
: to-Death p eople-One-Eighth
of the Crop for the Sultan
The Jewish Colony of Zam-
marin Founded by Roths-
child.
Copyright. 1910. By Frank G. Carpenter.)
Special Correspondence OF The Star.
ZAMMARIN Mount Carmel Palestine
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-08

colony was started it was supported BY
Rothschild. Later on it was turned over
to the Anglo-Israelite Colonization So
ciety, founded by Baron Hirsch. 1t was
then supported from Europe, but this
did not work and 1t is now running itself
Every family works for itself and has its
own property AS a result the people are
becoming independent. The standard OF
self-respect has risen, and all seem to
be prospecting.
FRANK G. CARPENTER
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-08
To Keep Her Figure.

MRS CHAPMAN Gait. the suffragist
IVA leader, had her attention called at
a dinner at the Colony Club in New York
to a stout young woman who was very
tightly laced.
"Iook at her. said Mrs. Chapman
Cats neighbor. she's passing every dish,
She is actually laced too tight to eat
YES said the other. It's a case Of
grace before meat, isn't itT"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-08

water tower. filled by machinery, which
gives water to every house. There is a
synagogue. which is well attended, and
a town hail. where the colonial officials
meet and govern themselves as far as
they can under the laws of the sultan.
Indeed, the colony is little republic
with a president and other officials elect
ed by its members. 1t settles its own
disputes. and makes assessments for spe-
cial taxes for such things as schools
and village improvements. When the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-08

the sheep when Farmer Jesse. his father.
sent him TO the battle. where. with his
sling. he killed the mighty Goliah and
in time became Saurs successor. Lot
was one OF the richest farmers the Jor-
dan valley has known. and as for job.
who lived in old w. he wars the bonanza
cattle man OF his time owning 1000
sheep. 1900 camels. 600 yoke OF oxen 800
she asses and a very large household. It
our Savior was born. and in. another
farming settlement. Nazareth, that He
grew up to manhood. great part of
His life was spent in going about among
the shepherds and farmers, and in His
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-08

GIVE you today
some bits OF Pales-
tine out of doors.
Within the past few
weeks / have kept
away from the cities
and towns, and
have watched the
shepherds and farm
ers. / have seen the
real Palestine. with
the same sky, the
same rocks and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-08

AS far as can see these camels of the
Holy Land have no easy job. They carry
loads of three or four hundred pounds
each. and on short trips their packs are
left on day and night. They begin to
work at three years, and often last until
they arc twenty five years of age. The
best of them bring from $50 to 500 apiece
and the poorest from $50 to $50.
AS to the donkeys, they are much
cheaper. They form the draft animals
for carrying vegetables and wood into
market. I see them loaded with olive
roots on their way to Jerusalem. and
now and then pass a donkey caravan,
every animal carrying a bag of grain
which has been balanced upon his back
and which the driver holds there as he
goes up the steep hills.
Palestine Is sometimes called 1.-The land
of milk and honey" This 1t was In the
past, and this it may be again. Swiss
family not far from Jerusalem. has re-
Gently gone into the bee business. and 1t
is producing many thousands of pounds
of honey a year. The bees are kept in
hives made of terra Gotta jars. which are
moved to different pastures several times
during a season. The average yield of
honey per hive Is about one hundred
pounds, and the product is delicious.
AS TO the Palestine flowers. 1 cannot
describe them. There are said to be more
than 5000 varieties. Crossing the upper
plains of Sharon I rode through great
fields of daisies as yellow as buttercups
and as beautifully shaped as our daisies
at home. There We're greenish-white
among them peoples. gladioluses and
lilies. In the gardens here are eeranl
ums as large as rose bushes and on the
sides Of the hills wild flowers OF every
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-08

HE very ignorant
man goes to his
death without a tire
NOR, sustained by
his religion. The
man Of culture sub
mits to the hang
mans moose unfal-
teringly. for he
goes back to the
God of his youth.
But that intermedi-
ate class from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-08

they cause the farmers to toll and are
one Of the pests he has to get rid Of.
i
There are but few farms Of large size
in the Holy Land. The chief cultivated
patches on the mountains are those
which have been cleared of stones. They
are often not bigger than bed quilts and
seldom contain more than three or four
acres Such fields frequently have stone
walls about them. .own in the valleys
and on the plains of the Philistines the
farms are net separated by fences and
they are of much greater extent. They
are planted to wheat, beans and barley
and grow luxuriant crops. One of the
interesting scenes of the wheat fields Is
often referred to In the Bible. Ih1s Is
pulling the tares. the seeds of which. IL
left. will make the -four bitter. Gangs OF
girls are engaged in this business all
over Palestine. Each gang works under
an overseer. and the girls bend hai1
double as they pull the weeds from the
wheat / am told that enemies sometimes
SOW tares in the wheat, as is described
in the parable . the wheat and the tares
as uttered by Jesus.
Speaking of wheat. it is said that
Palestine is one of the places In which
wheat here today. and the agricultural
experts are investigating what can be
done with other wild grains which are
found in different parts of this country.
: The plows of the Holy Land are about
the same now as those used i'm the days
of the Bible. They are rough affairs.
made of wood tipped with iron. to which
oxen and bullocks are yoked. with a
rough piece of wood fastened to the necks
of the animals. Sometimes the yoke
hangs at an angle of Do degrees, reaching
from the neck of a camel to that of
donkey. Donkeys and cows are also
I~,,lI 0nlrxy mud
els. The share of the pillow ends In a
point like that of pickax. 1t scratches
the soil. and nowhere goes very deep.
The burrows are narrow. and many plows
are required for large fields. The plow-
men wear long gowns and on their heads
are cloths bound round with rope. They
wear rough shoes or go barefoot.
Much of the land in the mountainous
parts is so rough that plows are not used.
The soil is dug up with a mattock or hoe
oil he cd
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-08

THE Men Who Look Into
/ the Face of Death on a
Scaffold--FIank E. Johnston,
Known as the Hangman of
New Orlesns-He Tells of
Incidents of His Work-The
Conduct of Various Men
Who knowingly Go to
Death-Science Of the Hang
man.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-08

ter box It's exact shape and principle OF
operation is not yet announced by the
Post Office Department, but experiments
have gone so far that an early decision
is expected upon the precise type OF box
that is to be used
The unsightly green box that graces the
top of the iron post at the street corner
now has long been an unsatisfactory re-
ceptacle for street mail, the authorities
say. Compared with the post boxes or
foreign cities, it is wholly inartistic. Con-
sidered in the light of an economical de-
vice. it is a failure. for it wastes the
time of the mail collector in getting the
mail out of It, and it often tries the pa
thence of the patron of the mails by eff
fectually concealing the time when the
next collection is to be made.
Four things have been taken into con-
sideration in trying to adopt a design for
a new street letter box. The first is that
of economy of time for the collector. In
stead of having to open the box from the
side and remove the contents by hano
fuls, the department wants box that
will open and discharge its contents into
a sack with single operation of the arm
In searching for this the question of the
artistic appearance of the box has by no
means been overlooked. II a new box is
to be adopted, the postal authorities are
determined that it shall combine as much
grace and beauty in its appearance as ii
is possible to give such a unitarian OBJ
ject.
An indestructible time card and an auto
matte indicator that will show the time
at which the next collection is to be
made are the two other points that have
been given consideration. The first be-
comes unnecessary il the automatic in
Dictator works satisfactorily, but the eX-
periments thus far made by the Post
Office Department have not developed AN
in its opinion, to put into use on the
States.
There are fully 10000 of these boxes
in use in American cities. Every year
new styles are considered by the depart
ment. and many of them are given
trial in some large city where their oper-
alton may be fully observed. None OF
these boxes has measured up to the de-
mands of the department.
In the Office Of DR.. e. p. Grandfield.
first assistant postmaster general. I'm
Washington. is a model of box which
may be adopted, at least in part, by the
Post Office Department. DIR. Grandfleld
will not say whether 1t has been ac-
cepted as yet. but he uses it most eff
fectively in giving a demonstration of
what the postal authorities want In the
new letter box.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-08

This Is the way the collector gets the
mail out now" says DR.. Grandfield. drop
ping the slide Of the box and taking the
contents out by handfuls.
He piles the dummy letters back into
the mail box and closes the slide.
''This is the way we want It taken out"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-08
FLOWING IN PALESTINE.

donkeys and camels. I suppose the lat
ter are about the same as those owned
by Job. They are reared in BeerSheba.
where the people largely live on their
milk. The camel is the freight car of
Palestine. / have seen many caravans of
them in going over the country. On my
way here we passed some camels which
the Bedouin drivers were shearing. They
were clipping the wool from the kneeling
beasts, which cried and moaned and now
and then uttered snrieks as the shears
shipped off bits of their flesh. Not n few
shed actual tears. The wool Of these
camels is woven into q COARSE cloth which
is used for weaving the coverings of the
Bedouin tents.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-08

Outside the door of my room is fastened
a tube OF olive wood, containing the Ten
Commandments, and similar tubes are
to be found at every door of the hotel,
and also on the doors of every house in
the town. The Jews kiss these tubes
~ they 90 IN and out.
zammarin has sidewalks, and there 10
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-08

fTER Witnessing many expert
ments with new designs and au-
tomato time registers, Ameri-
can cities are soon to have an
entirely new style of street let
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-08

Much of the land in the mountainous
parts is so rough that plows are not used.
The soil is dug up with a mattock or hoe
and all the crops are cultivated by hand.
Nevertheless, the soil Is so rich that It
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-08

zAMMARIN. Mount Carmel, Palestine.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-02-19
BEATING A LIGHT METER
Electricity in Saolon Sidetracked By
 False Wire .

From the Kansas City Star. sf
 The Wirt Brothers. who run saloon at 1042 Union avenue. have had lit tie misunderstanding with their elec- tric meter, which has forced them to the necessity of relying on fickle gas and tallow candles to keep the place bright after the sun quits work. The electric light company rises to observe that the said dramshopi1 will continue to get along without electric lights un- till 1t pays a bill of $500 for electricity that did not pass through the meter. The company charges that by an artistic bit of wire tapping current was brought into the saloon and used without giv- ing the meter chance, to tick 1t off and count 1t up. ...s
 '.The first thing that made us believe there might be some sort of insect under. the chip was six months ago. when the light bill for the saloon came in half as large as usual" Louis H. Egan. president of the electric light company, said yesterday. Tt took us from then until now to find out why. We discovered a piece of clever. wire tapping that. carried current around past the meter.~
 Our inspectors went over the wiring with a magnifying glass before they finally. discovered the unostentatious little wire that did the stealing. The false wire was laid to an abandoned chimney and rdi1 down that to the base- ment. where it joined the current wire
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-02-19

Washington, February 1S-(Special., | Outside influence and the constan l change in official life in Washington | to very great extent prevents tht tendence of society in Washington nov ling into colonies and forming into sliques that oftentimes excludes charm ling persons who would otherwise have only superficial acquaintance witt those of another.
 To a certain extent the exclusive cir cles oftentimes form between the changes in administrations.
 The condition is as old as the city land goes back to the days when the master and mistress of Dudd1ngtor Manor dominated one set and the chate- laine of Tudor place another, and ft has been said frequently that only an outsider of great social Influence would be able to effect a change. | The latest fad in the luxurious out ings of our leisure classes are mousse boat parties in midwinter Tn sou.nern n waters Among those enjoying thls na stime at present are: MT. and Mrs. Joseph Letter, who are now on board their beautiful boat. the Juliette, m Mobile bay. They plan to cruise apout the coast and later on may go 10 New orleans for the Mardi Gras. Among their guests they expect to incluoe MT
 
 ton and Mrs. Letters sister, Miss Doro- thy Williams.
 | MT. and Mrs. Edward Beale Mclean are among the prominent Washington ians who have been spending some time | in Florida Mrs. Mclean, formerly MISS | Evelyn Walsh of Denver, is now the nossessor of the famous Hope dia- mond. the most valuable gem in exis- tance. the finding of which brought south Africa before the eyes or the world.
 The lately arrived ambassador from Italy, Marquis Cusani Gonfalonierl IS not only a distinguished diplomat put of considerable reputation as a man oi letters. He comes to this country from Ibis latest mission at Berne, Switzer- Hand. So unusual are the ambassador llinguistic talents that in returning hrs diplomatic visits recently in Washing ion he was made to address each con frere in his own tongue. Ine Iamiiy of Cusani Gonfalonieri Is one or the | oldest and proudest of Lombardy. while Inc Marouise is a granddaughter of that great Italian statesman, Count Casati. whom King Victor Emanuel Il so highly honored Only the direct de- scendants of this patriot, who so aided his. king can place the motto r. E RI T. of the Royal House Savoy Tn their coat of arms, and the graceIu, | diamond setting of this unique royal favor Is almost invariably worn by the Marquis cusani. The family of Mar uuis Cusani includes young daughter | of IT.
 By courtesy of the ambassador of Turkey the Turkish embassy will be opened February 2S for an evening of song and story.9 given under the au. spices of the February committee ol tha Eniscopal Eve, Ear and Thoat hos Dital: Popular artists. will give the programme, and the ladies in charge hone that society, will keep the date l free. 5,s te.t 5s
 MT. and Mrs. William Mitchell Bunker of San Francisco, who recently returned to Washington from a sixteen months tour of Europe, North Africa and India, have taken apartments at the Brighton flor the season. They have as their guest,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-02-19

again. In this way the circuit looped the meter and could be regulated so that the electricity ran through the meter and was measured only a part of the time. The meter would then show Q bill of half of what 1t should have been.
 We haven't found the persons who manipulated the wires and robbed us of perfectly good current The owners of the saloon say that they know noth- ing of the arrangement. We won't ar gue that, bust yet, but the service of the bulbs that keep the bar bright won't be resumed until bill of about $500 Is settled. We estimate that amount Of current was slipped into the place without our meter tagging 1t. We probably will bring a civil- and criminal suit to collect the bill."
 P. H. Wirt, one of the owners of the saloon. said neither he nor his broth CT knew anything about the alleged wire tapping. but that he was. willing to do what was right in order to appease the company and it's meter.
 Their. bill for $600 Is too much" he said. 'd offered to let the electric light company watch the meter for a month, see what my bill Is for the time, find out how much it amounts to over pre- vious bills, and pay them on that basis. I was not in town when the company cut off the lights. No one about wiring or electricity"
 Geo. c. Oliver, G. A.