davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1911-09-17
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Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1911-09-17

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The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1911-07-15

this stage, when they fly about and
lay eggs, the flies do very little actual
damage to the wheat. They merely
mate and lay eggs.
Usually the fall wheat is starting in
time so they can lay their eggs on the
blades of it. These eggs change into
o sort of larva or grub in four or hve
days, and this grub crawls down be-
tween the stem and the sheath OF the
blade. In here it passes a period OF
about three weeks of feasting, living
on the sap Of the growing wheat This
is the stage when the wheat Is IN
jured, as the loss of sap weakens the
plant considerably.
After the three weeks feast the
grub begins to shrink up the same as
the brood before, and take on the
"faxseed" appearance again. inns Is
the way it will pass the winter a
slow growth and change keeps up an
winter, and in the spring, If the condi.
tons are favorable, adult ME VIII
hatch out in April.
These adults lay eggs on the grow
ing wheat, and the eggs pass through
the same stages as before. There are
usually three broods in Missouri, al
though a dry year may keep them
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1911-07-15

THE CULi.S o.. ,,I ..o. 3.
Largo. 'it (. 49, .,J....i.
ERN SEED
four years. an t. r Us s "a t.,
show that 70. O So
productive. and . w eowl s'-i j..
still weaker In 0 .--... ,.la.t o..
There is a e~oi cEc IN T. on wi.,l
seems plausible tor this ph3n2e in pro
~ductiyity in the nJi,a ware the
winters are very severe, the plant
needs to store up a large amount OF
food TO keep it alive over winter The
top part Of the plant grows compare.
lively short, and the tubers are very
heavy In the south, however, the
winters are comparatively warm, and
little food is required to maintain the
plant Consequently there is not so
much food stored up, and more of the
growth goes to the top. Probably il
the potato was left to run wild in a
warm country, it would develop into a
plant with roots about like any other
plant, and tubers which would be very
small
II seems to he necessary then that
we keep on bringing down northern
seed potatoes II we wish to get the
maximum yields. Our Missouri corn.
however. takes second place to none
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1911-07-15
late PASTURAGE FOR SHEEP

On the farm where there are sheep
to be fattened of this fall there is no
more economical practice than to
Plant cowpeas in the corn for pastur-
age At the last cultivation it should
be put in, then some time in Septem
Der it will be ready for them Dean
Mumford of the Missouri College OF
Agriculture advises that the best
method is to drill in half a bushel OF
seed to the acre between corn rows
Lambs turned in on this feed will
eat out the underground without
touching the corn One acre should
fatten from FIVE to ten lambs
Rape may also be sown in the corn
at the last cultivation. although it re
quires richer land than the cowpeas
While the cowpeas should all be eaten
of before frost, the rape may be util
lied until cold weather
Neither lambs nor older sheep
should be changed suddenly from a
dry ration to pasture on this green
underground. The best way is to
plan to finish and sell them direct
from the eornfeld, Some corn should
be fed during the last two or three
weeks of feeding.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1911-07-15
The TOMATO CROP
HANDLING WORMS
Safest Way is TO Pick Them
by Hand at FruIting Time.

Tomatoes have been standing this
hot, dry weather well in many parts
of the state. They need cultivation,
however, and this should be kept up
pretty constantly. A dust mulch" to
hold all the moisture helps to make a
good crop.
1t will not be long until the big
greenish yellow tomato worms will be
ready for work. They can do a good
deal Of damage if they are not at
tended to.
The method advised by the Agricul-
tural College of the University of Mis-.
souri, is to spray the vines with a so
luton Of arseuate of lead A strength
of about two pounds of arsenate to
fifty gallons Of water is right for them
This is an internal poison and it will
kill them when they eat the sprayed
leaves.
1t is better to use this spray at the
very first, when the worms are Just
starting. Then the young ones will be
almost entirely killed off and there
will be little more bother with them.
If the young ones are allowed to ma
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1911-07-15

cause the flies to hatch out and lay
their eggs. II the wheat il up, the
eggs will be laid on Il, but if it is not
yet above ground the eggs will be laid
on grass or otter plants, where they
will o o die. Waiting until late in
the fall will usually avoid them II
this method should fail to miss them,
however, the next thing to do is the
following summer
If the season is very dry, as 1t has
been this year, there may be no need
to use special measures against them.
However, If it becomes wet after har-
vest. the stubble should be immedi-
ately burned or plowed under very
deeply. For the sake of the soil, 1t
would he better to pillow it under.
Usually it is advisable to cut the
wheat with long stubble, both so that
it will burn readily and so that the
"aaxseeds" will be left in it instead Of
harvested.
There is no variety Of wheat which
is proof against this insect, although
"a few are more resistant than Others.
However, with late fall sowing and
deep blowing or burning Of the stub
ble. there should be little trouble ex'
p~erienced.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1911-07-15
A hIoSOURI WHEAT PESTj
!ESSIAN FLY DOES DAMAGE
yls Now 10 Begin War Of Determination Nubbs Should BD
PIOH5i Under Very Deeply and Fall Wheat SoW Late.
Methods Of Combating Insect
tEn'om0logy Department, Missouri college Of Aarleuturs.,

Much wheat is injured each rear in
Missouri by the Hessian fly. Some
years are worse than others, but there
is some damage all the time. The Az.
r%icultural Experiment station at co.
lumbia has made a careful study of
this insect and Of methods of com.
batting it,
Just at this time of e after bar.
vest, the Hessian fly is not very no
ticeable. 1t is there. however. con
cealed in the stubble and only waiting
for the fall wheat so that it can make
trouble again.
At present the insect is in what is
called the 'haxseed" stage, and is
resting. 1t may be found in the stub
Bile, as these eggs are never laid very
high from the ground. This stage will
keep up a slow growth until the latter
part Of September or early October.
Then adult flies will hatch out from
tbsf haxseeds."
1.-THE adult Hessian fly is only about
Ialf the size of a healthy MOSQUITO. In
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1911-07-15
ALTERING QUALITY OF MILK

There is no use trying to change the
composition Of milk by feeding, for it
can't be done. Experiment stations
have long ago proved that it is impos.
sible to feed fat into milk" for any
great length Of time.
The real problem for the farmer OF
dariyman is to improve the quality OF
the milk by better care in handling, by
cleaner utensils and quicker handling.
And the quantity of milk may be in.
creased by better methods Of feeding.
The only way to get richer milk Is
to use different cows. It is possible,
by testing and selection, to cultivate
a high-testing strain of any breed.
The per cent of butterfat in the milk
is not really Of so great Importance
as some people think it is, however,
and the time is probably coming when
milk will stand more on its cleanliness
and purity and less on its butterfat
content.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1911-07-15
zzeMzEwA
Wt&
TOMATO WORM.

ture, there will likely be another
brood, which will be working up till
frost. 1t takes only about two weeks
for the eggs to mature.
Where great care is exercised in
washing the fruit, there may be no
danger in spraying with poison to kill
those which work on the vines while
the fruit is ripe. There is always
more or less danger, however, in using
a poison spray on fruit that is to be
used Immediately, The lead ~arsenate
spray is very weak compared to the
poison that is required as a fatal dose
for human beings, but there might be
enough of it taken into the system
to make a person sick. and this
wouln't pay. The best way, and the
safest. is to pick them of by hand at
f%ruiting time, instead of risking spray
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1911-07-15
GASOLINE ENGINES
FOR PUMPKINS

At the present time gasoline engines
are being used by a great many farm
ers and stockmen in Missouri for
pumping water. Probably many 9th
ers are contemplating the installation
Of an engine pumping plant. A few
figures regarding the cost Of pumping
with a gasoline engine may be Of in
terest.
1t may as well be said at the outset
that where only small quantities OF
water are used, the cheapest power
for pumping is the windmill. The
windmill has a number Of advantages.
The operating expense is practically
nothing, 1t requires very little atten-
ton; although II should have more at
tention than it gets on many farms.
Bolts should be kept tight and bear
ings well fabricated. 1t is well to use
a mixture of fake graphite and oil ON
the bearings occasionally, as this
makes them smooth and they will not
cut so rapidly If allowed to run dry.
The windmill will cost about the
same as a small pumping engine. II,
however, an engine is already in use
on the farm for other purposes, it re-
quires only a small outlay to connect
it up to the pump.
The size OF engine required for ordi-
nary farm pumps is from one-half to
one horse power. 1t is advisable, how
ever, when purchasing a gasoline en-
CINE to get one little larger, say from
two to four horse power. Then belt
the engine to a line shaft and belt
from this shaft to the pump, the grind.
stone, emery wheel, small corn shelter,
etc. In this way the engine is made
to do much more work and is there
fore a more profitable investment.
The engine has several advantages
over the windmill on a large farm
The engine pumps water faster and
steadier than the windmill; and this
is especially true if pumping into an
elevated or a pressure tank. With the
use of an engine it is not necessary
to have so large a supply tank. A
two days supply is sufficient, where
as, with the windmill, a stockman is
not safe unless his supply tank will
hold a two weeks supply Of water.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1911-07-15
CORN CROP DOES
NOT RUN OUT
Imported Seed Does Not Do So
Well as Htme Grown.
EXPERIMENT WITH POTATOES.
BY A, c. Page, College of Agriculture,
University of Missouri

BY A. C. Page, College of Agriculture,
University Of Missouri.
There has been a lot of discussion
about whether or not crops run out"
on certain soils or in certain climates.
There are many opinions, and much
variation can be found in textbooks
and experimental work on this subject.
The results seem to show that some
crops run out in some places but not
in others And other crops will go
just the other way. Corn and pota-
toes have been discussed in Missouri
in this respect.
It seems evident from the results Of
experimental work and the results Of
many practical farmers that corn does
not run out in Missouri. 1t has been
shown that the best practice in select
ing seed corn, provided there is a good
strain to start with, is to get that
which is best acclimated to the region.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1911-07-15

The potatoes should be cultivated
almost constantly as long as the tops
are green. There is no need to plow
them deeply, but in fact they are pet
ter il this is not done. But the thih
layer on the top should be stirred up
all the time, especially after a ram 70
keep a dust mulch on the GROUND
and hold the moisture. Cultivation Is
absolutely essential to good potato
crops. and one can scarcely give 100
much Of it now. j.,
Cultivation does several Things 70
the soil. One of the chief ones, n
perhaps the best known, is TO XII the
weeds. Another is to save the mols.
ture BY keeping a loose layer on tne
ton. Not so well known is the rae,
that cultivation makes plant toou
available. At n experiment STATION
they were able to raise excellent crops
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1911-07-15

from growing but two, Sometimes In
a wet year-a favorable condition for
the ties-thoy will produce four
broods instead of three.
There isn't much that can be done
for the Hessian fly after they actually
get started to work. 1t is not prac-
tical to spray for them, and there is
no way to catch them. Nature helps
out a great deal, for thcre are sew
eral parasites which live on these in
sects and destroy a very large proper
ton Of them. Without these parasites
they would be a much bigger problem
than they are.
the first thing to do now. and per
maps the most important OF all the
methods of fighting the pest, is to SOW
the fall wheat late. In a bulletin pub
lished by the Missouri Experiment sta
ton it is advised that the wheat be
sown as late as possible so that it
will get a good start for winter. It is
best to wait, if possible, until after
some good fall rains, for these will
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1911-07-15
ABORTION
IN CATTLE
Contagious Abortion More Prev
alsnt Than Supposed.
ANTISEPTICS ATE ADVISED.
BY A. c. Page, University OF Missouri,
College OF Agriculture.

Every year the profits of the farm,
especially the stock farm, are cut
down a great deal by the death Of
calves. A large number of calves
are dropped prematurely, and they are
either dead or 500 die.
A sort Of mystery has enveloped
these occurrences, and many different
causes have been attributed as being
to blame for the loss. In the last few
years there has been a rapid spread.
ing Of this trouble in the form Of a
contagious disease, and therefore it
has been more keenly observed than
before
There are many causes for abortions
Washy grass in the spring may cause
a %looseness and consequent relaxation
Of the organs so that abortion may oc,
cur. A strong dose of physic, given at
the wrong time, may have the same
result. Frgot, which grows upon rye
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1911-07-15
COWPEAS ARE REAL
MORTGAGE LIFTERS
An Excellent Feed for Any Glass
Of Farm Animals.
BY A. C, Page. Missouri College of Ag.
rio,1tnrn

BY A. C, Fage. Missouri College of Ag.
ricultuIe.
Missouri farmers have lever yet be-
come well enough acquainted with the
cowpea. If they had, cowpeas would
be far more common than they are.
They are real mortgage filters" for
the man who raises stock.
Cowpeas work in well with almost
any system, and they almost never
fail to give a good crop. They will
grow in almost any soil-although in
some better than in others-and make
an excellent feed for any class Of
farm animals.
There has been considerable trouble
sometimes in curing the abundant
yield of forage. This is possible, how
ever, as a large number Of well
pleased farmers testify each year.
Cowpea hay fed in the dairy herd at
the College Farm was just as green
and fresh in color as when 1t grew.
and the cattle were as eager for 1t IS
for the best alfalfa.
The great value Of cowpeas is in
their high per cent Of nutritive sub
stance. The cowpea, which can be
grown almost anywhere, ranks along
side alfalfa, which cannot yet be
grown in all our Missouri soils. One
ton OF cowpea hay supplies as much
protein as four tons of timothy. Cow
peas and corn make a balanced ration
for hogs or dairy COWS. Little pigs
develop strong bones and a good
growthy frame on cowpeas.
One of the best ways to use the
cowpea is to plant the seed with
corn. It has been found best to plant
in the hills instead of broadcasting.
The hogs turned in to pasture down.
the stalks and vines will find abundant
feed and will pay well on such feed. !
Not the least important factor in
growing cowIeas is the condition Of
the land after a crop Is removed. A
with all legumes, the cowpea adds nj
trogen to the soil. II has a very thick.
|SlItdulHE lUOh oyolNAhs w bAhCA NANR
loosens and tills the soil as does the
cowpea. however, although alfalfa and
soy beans add nitrogen in the same
manner In walking over a stalk field
where part Of it has rad cowpeas with
the corn it is easy to tell where the
line between them is. A man could
walk along with his eyes shut and tell
the difference by the feeling Of the
ground.
In some places in the state farmers
are using the hullers and selling seed.
This is profitable and will be more
practiced in the future.
As weed exterminators, cowpeas
rank high. They cover the ground
so completely that a mere weed stands
very little chance for life. For this
reason, the crop is often used to pre-
cede the fall sowing OF alfalfa.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1911-07-15
Thumps In Plos.

Worms sometimes thumps in
pigs, but not often. The commonest
cause is heavy feeding and lack Of
exercise. Close confinement and a
heavy ration frequently bring 1t about.
The remedy is to give more exercise
and usually to cut down somewhat on
the feed. A good run OF pasture will
help in most cases. Some crops to be
pastured down, like rape or cowpeas.
with a small amount of grain fed on
them will be effective against this
trouble.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1911-07-15

viii be worth the trouble. Out in the
pasture where a COW might leave in.
lection in reach Of the other cattle
lime should be used on the ground
All infected cows should be put clear
away from the rest, and If they are
not especially valuable they should
be fattened for market.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1911-07-15

Of potatoes several years in success
sion by simply giving constant and
thorough cultivation. 1t seems to
loosen up the fertility and put it in
form so that the plant can get at it.
In a dry season like this one has
been the cultivation is extremely I'M
nortant in obtaining a crop.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1911-07-15

"The highest type of farming IS
found in those localities where skill
fll stock farming is the rule. In Den
mark. Holland, Great Britain. France
canada and the United States 1t Is un-
doubtediy true that greater intelli-
renee. skin and efficiency are required
sor the successful Management OF a
stock farm than Of a grain FARM
" mumford. Dean Of the Missouri Col
iege Of Agriculture.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1911-07-15

During the hot weather the work
horse gets thirsty the same as does
the man Whenever you 90 to the
fence-row to get a cool drink from the
jug, remember that the horse would
like sorne too. A horse will endure
better and last longer U frequently
watered while at work.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1911-07-15

The farmer with the we'll prepared
seed bed has been suffering the least
from this dry weather. The corn
ground that was narrowed and disked
and dragged to a good p~ulverized con.
dltion has held its moisture for the
plants. instead OF sending it all up as
vapor. AS soon as a crust forms, the
water from the soil goes out very rap
idly.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1911-07-15

BEST POTATOES FROM BOTH
LOTS-LARGER PILE is FROM
NORTHERN SEED SMALLER
FROM HOME GROWN.
And many results have shown that
corn brought from a distance, where
it is accustomed to different weather
conditions, will not do so well'as that
grown at home.
With potatoes the case seems to be
different. In some states they have
found that potatoes do not run out,
but like corn, may be continually i'm
proved in the same district. Some of
the text books On potato growing ad-
vance this idea. Their conclusions,
however, are made on the basis of
natural potato growing sections, like
Wisconsin and Maine.
Experiments at College.
Experiments conducted at the Mis-
souri, College of Agriculture by the
horticultural department proved con.
clusiyely that potatoes do not run
out under our Missouri conditions
Northern grown seed and home grown
we're planted side by side and re
ceived the same treatment. The first
year there was a considerable differ
ence in the crop, the northern seed
giving the best yield. The next year
seed selected from each lot was plant.
ed again, side by side. The yield was
not so good in either case as in the
previous year, but the difference was
still in favor of the northern potatoes
This experiment was carried on for
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1911-07-15

A straw pile is a good thing to leave
in a clover pasture where cattle are
to run. When they are beginning to
bloat from the clover they will go TO
the pile and eat the dry straw. and
this will stop the trouble.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1911-07-15

Every year someone wants to know
IL It is true that wheat turns to cheat,
It is not. Wheat is no o likely to
turn to cheat, which is a different
plant. than 4 shorthorn COW is likely
to turn 70 a Jersey.