davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-02-26
GETTING READY For The EXPOSITION

its kind ever made, as that bureau has
only recently been organized. The main
feature Of that exhibit, of course, VIII
De facsimile of a mine rescue car with
ing out miners and treating them. This
EXHIBIT will also serve to introduce coal
mine. This model. nine by sixteen feet,
shows practically all of the conditions
OF mining anthracite COAL The front
portion. about two-thirds of the area Of
the model, shows the uncovered work.
ings Of a vein. The shaft cages, SELL
dumping. are IN operation, as Is also the
conveyor taking the coal from the shaft
to the breaker, while the other necessary
appliances used in the mine are also
shown. There will be an interesting ex
hibit OF tools connected with mining, res
cue work. map making, ETC. From the
geological survey will be seen maps and
minerals In this country. while a case
OF snowy minerals will also be on exhi-
bition. Special instruments used in the
various lines of work will be shown.
The middle room of the Interior De-
partment section will be used as a dark
room where motion pictures will be
shown all day long and to which admis-
sion will be free. For use in this con-
nection splendid collection of films and
reels has been provided. This not only
shows the more important industries Of
this country. but includes a large number
of films Of unusual interest-the yell
lowstone Park, reclamation and irriga-
ton progress. salmon industry, army and
navy drills, life-saving crew at work and
the work Of the various government de-
partments. Pictures Of the work of con-
structing the Panama canal will also fig
ure prominently in this collection and
work
In connection with the Panama canal
pictures there will be a number of mod
els shown that will be Of great interest
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-02-26
Our Wives.

9 IATEON FORD, the raconteur, was
- speaking on matrimony at q dinner
in New York.
''Matrimony should mean politeness," he
said. but does IT.
I'VE all remember the man who was re-
buked by policeman for swearing at Q
woman.
why. the man retorted, angrtly and
reproachfully, she's my WIFE!
And the policeman. with a confused
apology. hurried on
Another instance Of this sort occurred
the other night at the theater. man.
Fastening back to the parquet as the cur
tain was about to rise for the third act,
Topped down, he supposed, In his
right seat. and growled to the lady at big
side: 10
LAS / was saying when I went out,
it's none OF your business what other
women wear Suppose Mrs. Joe Smith
does make fool OF herself by sporting
patent leather pumps ana open-work
stockings when the thermometer's ut
Zero is that any reason why you
Sir said the lady.
1.-The man gasped and for the first time
looked at her. She was not his wife after
ALL. Overwhelmed to think that he had
dared to address q stranger in the brutal
tones reserved for his wife alone. he NUT.
tered an apology and fed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-02-26

and value. These will show Gatum ana
the other big dams, the locks, and a
warship passing through the canal. All
these will, In addition to a relief map
Of great value to the government exhibit,
not to mention the interest which they
will undoubtedly arouse.
AS far as the number Of bureaus mar
ticipating is concerned the Department of
Agriculture will have the larger exhibit.
From there will be shown exhibits from
the bureau Of soils, bureau of animal
industry, bureau Of plant industry. d.
vision OF statistics, forest service, bureau
OF entomology. Office Of experiment sta
lions, weather bureau and the Office Of
public roads. The central idea of this
exhibit is to show the organization OF the
Agricultural Department in helping aeri
cultural Industries Of this country. and
will probably be the largest exhibit ever
made by that department.
very complete exhibit will be that
from the bureau of soils, showing how
are carried on, the results achieved by
the bureau, and some Of the instruments
used. Forest service work will be shown
in series Of enlarged coIored bromides,
charts and maps. showing the distribu-
ton Of forests in this country, the loca-
ton of forest reserves. and other phases
of the work of that service. This collec-
ton will be illustrated From the bureau
of animal industry will be seen photo
graphs showing meat inspection and the
dairy industry in this country, charts
showing the organization of the bureau,
and statistics giving the animal produc-
ton in the United States, farm statistics
showing distribution and yield Of various
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-02-26

land proportioned to his actual needs
and his ability to cultivate. and pro-
portioned also to volume of water
available for its irrigation. The scarcity
plication necessitated economy in the
land. and the allotments were. there
fore, small, ridiculously small. when
compared with eastern farms.
In the original Salt Lake colony.
which became the model for all later
Mormon settlements, there were GER
tain number of central lots Of one and
quarter acres each which were as
signed to merchants, doctors and other
business and professional men. Around
these was a series of five-acre lots foI
mechanics. and still farther from the
center were ten and twenty acre tracts
for the farmers. The largest tracts
allotted would have been considered
Of the Mississippi. yet time and expert
ence have shown that twenty acres
under irrigation is sufficient for all the
requirements Of the largest family-all
in fact, that an individual can profit
ably cultivate.
the personal property Of the colonists.
and they were encouraged to make the
fullest possible use of every acre; but
none could acquire more than he could
community. and each was taught by
precept and example to make himself
Independent within his little domain,
to produce. SO far as possible, every
thing he and his family. required In the
way of food. Thus, from the necessi-
ties of their situation, there was de-
veloped system OF small irrigated
farms with intensive cultivation.
It has been said that the Mormons were
the pioneers of irrigation in other states
than Utah. It is true that irrigation had
been practfcedf in a feeble way for CEN
turtles. possibly, by certain tribes Of south
western indians. and that some Of the
gardens and fields surrounding the Span
ish missions Of the same region were
watered arti7cially. But the missions
were abandoned and falling into decay
when the Anglo-Saxon appeared upon the
scene and the example of the Indians had
little or no influence. It was the Nor
mons Who led tho way. And they gave
the first practical illustrations, outside OF
Utah, of the wonderful possibilities of
irrigation in the land where irrigation
has since reached the highest stage of
perfection and achieved its most remark
able MISREPRESENTATION California.
In the days OF the missions and until
the coming of the Americans southern
California was pastoral rather than an
agricultural country. There were some
great haciendas, but they were devoted
to cattle and sheep raising.
''rhe land was desert OF sagebrush
and cactus. in which few scattered
mission gardens made charming cases."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-02-26

says William e. Smythe, the historian OF
arid America. Along moist river bot
toms there were sometimes fields and
gardens, though not of the highest type.
harley were occasionally harvested If
spring rains happened to be fairly gem
erous. But 1t was. apparently. country
which offered nothing to the stranger.
save climate and scenery"
Even the mission gardens to which Air.
Smythe refers had been abandoned ten
years before the country was coded to
the United States.
ITO this barren place." he says again.
'came irrigation and the Anglo-Saxon,
bringing a new era in their train.
X X
And in the vanguard Of the invasion
came the Mormons. Less than four years
after the settlement Of Salt Lake Brig
ham Young conceived the idea Of estab-
fishing a colony near the shores of the
Pacific which could serve as a resting
place for the converts coming to Titan
by way Of Panama or Cape Horn. From
conception to action was a brief period.
and early In 1851 q. strong party. led by
two of the highest officials Of the church,
set out from Salt Lake bound for a val
ley which Brigham Young told them he
had seen In a vision, and which they
would identify by q great bare spot,
shaped like an Indian arrowhead, upon
the side OF lofty mountain overlooking
the valley.
Across nearly a thousand miles of des-
,ert they journeyed to the southwest,
breaking trail through an unknown and
most inhospitable country. and 1t, was
-four weary and eventful months after
their departure before they found their
way through the Cajon pass Of the Sier-
ira Madres and saw before them the
beautiful valley of San Bernardino and
the arrowhead which is It's chief land
mark. In this valley they established
of Anglo-Saxon settlers in southern Cal
ifornia, and here they put into immediate
operation the agricultural methods which
had already proven SO successful in
their Zion They founded the city of
San Bernardino and around 1t put under
cultivation many acres of fertile land.
watering it from the adjacent noun
tain streams. This was the beginning OF
modern irrigation In California, and
from the heights overlooking their settle
ment one may see today its fullest
which surround the surprisingly rich
and lovely cities OF Riverside and Red
lands.
The Mormon occupation OF the valley
was brought to an abrupt termination by
the recall Of the colonists seven years
later at the time OF the %o-called Mormon
war, but they were there long enough to
show the possibilities of irrigation, and
the lesson was not lost. Their success no
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-02-26

was made. was the construction of q ditch
to convey the waters OF the little creek
to the tract selected for cultivation. This
was the beginning Of irrigation in Anglo
Saxon America.
It was a primitive system that was
thus established, cruder and ruder. no
doubt, than that which watered the
plains Of Mesopotamia in the days Of
Abraham: and primitive 1t remained for
many years afterward. But 1t served
Its purpose. With the aid Of this little
ditch the uncompromising soil produced
abundantly. and the future of the coll
ony, so far as material needs were con-
cerned, was assured.
Realizing then the supreme value of
water. Brigham Young devised and put
into immediate operation a system Of
land ownership based primarily upon
water supply. BY this system every
man was allotted a certain amount of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-02-26

on the advice Of friendly Indians. as some
aver. or whether he got the suggestion
from the Bible, or from his knowledge
methods in vogue in Egypt and Assyria,
as seems most probable. matters little
The fact remains that the Mofmons were
the first of all the Anglo Saxon race in
America to put into actual practice the
principles OF irrigation. They were the
founders In this country Of q system OF
agriculture absolutely unknown to their
fOrefathers, to their American cotem-
poraries. or. In the beginning. to them
selves.
They were the first to establish beyond
question the marvellous fertility OF the
arid lands Of the west. They were the
first Americans to prove by actual ex-
perience that the so-called desert lands Of
western America were among the most
artificially applied to them. And they
were pioneers OF irrigation not only IN
Utah, but in California, in Nevada, in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-02-26

Idaho. In Colorado AMI In Arizona. Their
colonies sent out from the mother settle
ment at Salt Lake spread the gospel of
irrigation throughout the length and
breadth Of the intramountain region. and
the wonderful development that has fol-
lowed has been along the lines which they
established.
* X
The Mormons who entered Utah with
Brigham Young lost no time In the dis
cussion Of ways and means. They did not
know whether the land would produce
anything or not. Judging from appear
ances, the odds were overwhelmingly
against it. 1t was generously stained with
elkali and was so hard it was almost i'm
penetrable. However. one thing was GER
tain-whether 1t was rich or poor pro-
ductive or unproductiye. it must have
wafer and So the very fist work ordered
by their leader, after temporary camp
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-02-26
Cynical John.

A ssEMBLYMAN NELSON I. DRUM
MOND Of Cayuga was talking in Al.
bany about his system Of weekly reports
to his constituents.
I'm these reports" he said. It tell my
constituents what legislation is going on
and what part in 1t ! myself am taking.
81 think such reports are necessary
when a man Is in politics. The average
citizen, you know, is inclined to look on
politicians with the cynical eye OF little
Johnny Jones.
Johnny said his teacher. If coal Is
selling at Sc a ton and you pay your
dealer $24. how many tons will he bring
you?
Three, ma am said Johnny, promptly.
"'Why. Johnny, that isn't right said
the teacher.
. No. ma'am, / know ii amt said
Johnny. but they all do IT,"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-02-26

Union Trust building, a temporary ONCE
only being necessary. Mr.. Loomis is also
the commissioner general of the Toxic
exposition. Charles Ray Dean is the sec
rotary of the commission, while Albert
Nicholson is the deputy commissioner.
Prof. F. Lamson-Scribner, who is the
director of expositions, will be in charge
of the exhibit of the Department of Agri-
culture. For the Department of the In
terror, J. c. BOykin of the bureau of edu-
cation is experimenting the assembling
of the exhibit, but as he will be unable
to attend the exposition, w. s. Robbins
of the geological survey will be the gov
ernment's representative for that depart
ment. Prof Scribner has done yeoman
service in exposition matters. Starting
with the Chicago exposition, he has had
charge of agricultural EXHIBITS at the
Pan-American exposition at Buffalo, and
st. Louis, Mo-: Portland, Greg: James
town. Va, and Seattle, Wash, and Buenos
Aires, Argentina. Mr.. Boykin, too, has a
long list of expostions at which he repre-
sented his department., and While Mr..
Robbins is younger in experience, he is
still so thoroughly In touch with the work
that he will be able to fulfill all the duties
of the office.
The Turin exposition marks the fitch
anniversary of the year in which Carl
baldi overthrow the temporal power of
the Pope, and Emanuel the Second was
declared the first King Of Italy. The ex-
position will he opened by the King and
Queen of Italy, in the presence of other
members Of the Italian royal family and
government, foreign diplomats and COM
missioners accredited to Italy. majority
of the memoers of the Italian parliament
and large number Of other Italians and
foreigners of distinction.
In connection with the exposition, the
deputy commissioner, Albert HI. Michel
son, who is the consul at Turin, sent the
following message to Washington:
1.-The gathering will be one of the most
notable brought together in Italy since
1861, and, like other commemorative ex-
positions, the Turin exposition seeks to
show to the world a picture Of progress
within q given interval, and to have the
world show in turn how that progress
can best be maintained and fostered In
the case OF TURNS exposition, the pic
ture will show progress as great and as
remarkable as any ever seen in Europe in
so short an interval as fifty years.
the exposition. and all the great nations
and many smaller ones will have their
own government buildings. The largest
Of these government buildings will be
those of the United States, Great Britain,
France, Germany. Austria Hungary and
Argentina. The United States will have
the largest government exhibit at the ex-
position, but Great Britain, Germany and
France will send the greatest number OF
private exhibits"
The United States exhibits will cover
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-02-26

doubt suggested the organization Of the
famous Anaheim colony year after the
departure Of the Mormons This was
composed of Germans from San Fran
cisco. who established themselves In the
Santa Ana valley. The Anaheim Ia the
oldest of the many existing agricultural
colonies of southern California. and IL
called the mother" colony with good
reason. but 1t was not the first. as has
been shown.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-02-26

two acres Of space. the greater portion Of
that space being consumed by the gov
eminent exhibits to be placed in the gov
eminent building, while the remainder,
exhibits of private comWercial firms, will
go in the general galleries.
4 4
An IDEAL spot has been chosen for this
exposition. This is the Valentino Park,
one Of the most charming in Europe. it
is claimed. Through the park run the
broad waters of the River Pc, on each
bank Of which stand the exposition build
ings. The park has an area Of go acres.
IS of which will be under. cover, while the
total number Of buildings is about 125. In
order to turn this park into an exposition
ground, 5000 laborers are working daily.
The United States building, just oppo-
site that Of Great Britain, is to be one OF
the most attractive buildings erected. and
is now almost complete externally 1t has
the distinction OF having FACADE NO
yards long and Of being separated from
the buildings that flank 1t. 1t is the only
building that has a terrace running the
entire length of its facade, and Is the
building best seen from the other side OF
the river. A foot bridge four yards wide
crosses the river at one end Of the build
ing.
In the United States building only the
governmental exhibits Will be shown. &.
that building the Department Of Agrfcul-
ture will occupy one end and the Depart
ment Of the Interior the other. From the
Interior Department will be. shown three
exhibits, from the bureau Of education.
bureau of mines and geological survey.
In the case Of the bureau Of education
the aim will be to show the method OF
teaching industrial arts In this country
and the advancement made in that line.
This exhibit will be divided into four
parts, each showing a step in the develop
ment of industrial training. First will
come the training received at an indus
trial high school. For this purpose the
work done at the Mckinley Manual Train
ing School here has been chosen. Speci-
mems of the work in the various classes
have been assembled under the supervi-
sion Of Dr. Meyers. the principal. Next
will come an exhibit from a New York
trade school. then an exhibit from HaIp-
ton, and finally one from Cornell Univer-
sity. These four schools have been chosen
on account Of the fact that their couses
cover the desired ground.
In another room will be the exhibits
of the geological survey and bureau OF
mines. This will be the first exhibit Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-02-26

mons who taught the Americans to
apply the water to the lands.
1t was In the spring Of lS47 that Brig
ham Young and his band OF 14S follow
ers crossed the plains. bound for q land
OF promise Their leader was to them
both Moses and q Joshua, and their
faith In him never faltered, not even
when they emerged from the mountains
which was to be, their new home. 1t
was no land flowing with milk and honey
to which he had guided them. There
were no emerald meadows, no inviting
beautiful sight. but it was the beauty of
desolation. 1t was sublime, but 1t was
the repellant sublimity of the desert.
y Y
There Is today no more inspiring pic
ture than that whcih the Salt Lake way
ley presents. It's broad fields OF rich
green alfalfa, it's spreading acres Of
lighter tinted wheat and corn. Its or
chards. its we'll groomed and ample
farm homes. surrounding the beautiful
city. with the bright waters of the great
lake and the barren mountain peaks in
the background. form a vision Of love-
Illness beyond words to express Here,
the observer may well exclaim, are peace.
comfort and prosperity, such as few
lands are blessed with. Viewing this de-
lightful spectacle one finds 1t difficult to
believe that 1t could ever have been other
than 1t Is. that all this beauty, that all
these evidences Of material well being
could have sprung from a desert.
1t is still more difficult to imagine the
feelings of those Mormon pioneers as
they gazed upon that barren VISTA They
had come from a land where nature is
prodtgal with her favors. where the ex-
uberance Of vegetation is the chief OBJ
stacle to successful agriculture They
came of a race that had felled the for
ests for its fields. believing the prairies
upon nature to supply every requirement
OF agriculture except the labor Of cult
walton. Most of them were farmers and
all Of them expected to depend upon the
soil for their subsistence.
When they began the preparation for
their pilgrimage their leader had instruct
ed them to exchange all their worldly
possessions for plows and harrows and
seed. and these necessities of husbandry
formed by far the largest portion OF the
freight they carried across the plains A
knowledge OF these facts Is necessary to
full appreciation OF the dismay which
must have battled with their faith when
on July "a. 1S47 they emerged from Emil
grafton canyon and looked down upon-a
desert.
Whether the beginning Of irrigation in
the Salt Lake valley was the result of di-
vine revelation, as all devout Mormons
believe; whether Brigham Young acted
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-02-26
0HE ninety-seventh meridian
divides the United States into
two nearly equal parts. 1t

T0HE ninety-seventh meridian
divides the United States into
two nearly equal parts. 1t
cuts In twain the states Of
Texas. Oklahoma. Kansas.
Nebraska and tho Dakotas. On either
Ads Of It there Is an area OF approx
mately 15.000.e 900 square miles But this
line Is something more than an i'm
asinary geographical mark. 1t Is the
line Of division between the true east
and the real west. and the division was
made. not by man. but by nature. The
physical aspects Of the two sections
are as different from each other as
night from day. On the east are ver-
dant prairies. forest-covered hills and
broad and brimming rivers. On the
west are stupendous mountains and
ture smiles: on the other she seems to
frown. There are exceptions. 1t Is true.
on both sides. but these are the distin-
gushing characteristics.
Why this difference. the casual OBJ
server may ask, and the answer can
be given in the one word. water East
OF the ninety-seventh meridian nature
supplies sufficient water in the form of
AaSh VI Suo" W HI inc require
ments Of vegetation. West Of 1t. ex-
GLIDING the favored Pacific coast re-
gions OF the northwest. she does not.
Given the same amount OF rainfall on
the west side as on the east with the
same distribution throughout the year.
there would be no such physical differ
ence between the two sections. The
mountains would remain in the west,
but the deserts would quickly disap-
pear. For It has been discovered with
there are no real deserts In America.
On the contrary. 1t has been album
dainty proven that the great stretches
OF land which now produce nothing
but sage brush and cactus are surpass-
ingly rich in all the elements Of plant
life: that the so-called deserts need
nothing but water to make them rich
beyond the dreams of the eastern
farmer. Water then. is as necessary
to tho salvation of the west as 1t is
considered by some to the salvation Of
the sinner and it Is by the artificial
application Of water that the west is
coming into its long-delayed heritage
of boundless wealth.
It Is water that has started a new
tide Of emigration and is filling the
western states with a happy and pros
porous population. 1.-THE Golden West"
j; IL beginning to be called. but it is
lhe title justified. and 1t was the Nor