davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-06-14
Wearing Away of Mother Earth.

Investigations by the United States
geological survey of the erosion of
numerous drainage basins of the
United States show that the surface
of the country is being removed at the
average rate of about an inch in 700
years. Though this amount seems
trivial when spread over the surface
Of the country, it becomes stupendous
when considered as a total, or even in
separate drainage basins. Mississippi
river, for instance, carries annually
to the sea 1876, 400, 600 tons of dissolved
matter and $40, 500, 900 of suspended
matter, and of this total Ohio river
carries 8 3 $3.50, 900 tons and Missouri
river contributes more than twice as
much. Colorado river which has built
up for itself q vast delta, brings down
more suspended matter than any other
river in the United States, delivering
annually 3S7 tons for each square
mile OF its drainage basin, or q total
OF 100, TAO, 600 tons.
The rivers OF the United States car.
ry to tidewater every year 270, 600, 0O(
tons of dissolved matter and 5l3. 900,
600 tons of suspended matter. This
represents than $50. DOC, 900 cubic
yards of surface soil. II this erosiv,
action had been concentr ated on tn
lsthmus of Panama at the time of Am
erican occupation 1t would have ex
cavated the prism for an 65.foot leve
canal in about % days.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-06-14
FOR DIRECT PRIMARIES.

There is a possibility that Montana
will SOC have q direct primary law
that will abolish the evils of the con.
vention system OF nominating political
candid ates. Advices from Helena are
to the effect that the commission ap.
pointed by Governor Norris to draft
q proposed primary law has agreed
upon q measure, which will now be
submitted to all members of the
Twelfth assembly. If q majority OF
each house agrees to support the
proposition, the assembly will be
called to meet In special session and
enact 1t into law.
The bill, according to q newspaper
summary, provides for q general pri'
mary, which will be participated in by
members of all parties simultaneously
to be held on the fret Tuesday in Sep
TENDER OF each ever numbered year
At this primary all candid ates fol
state and county Offices will be nom
mated, provision being made for pri
maries for cities at different dates.
In order to have his name printed
on the primary election ballot, it viii
be necessary for the prospective can
did ate to file q petition with the secre
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-06-14
RECIPROCITY NEARER HOME.

There are many opinions OF reci-
procity, some of which do not refer to
the Canadian article, says the Yellow
stone Journal. A recently returned
citizen of this section who had been
visiting in Canada for some weeks-it
was the Hon. Jos. r. Mickey, If any
body asks you-was asked what the
attitude of the Canadian farmers was
concerning the reciprocity question.
"They are all against it," said
"Joe."
"And what do you think of it?'
we asked.
"I'm against it too" said "Joe,"
but, "-and here is where We get at
the meat of the thing-"I think we had
better try for q little reciprocity be-
tween our own states before We get ex.
cited about dealing with q foreign
people. I've just come back from
North Dakota where l went to fix up
with q fellow who owed me. He
couldn't pay, but be offered me some
cows and l thought I would take 'em,
90 l went down after 'em. And before
I could bring them across the line ]
had to pay $25 for q tuberculin tes>
and Sl5 more for q mallein test on q
pair OF mules that l had with me,
That looks to me like q pretty stiff
tariff on q little bunch Of livestock,
moving from one state to another.
don't it? What do you Think"
And We found "Joe's" argument
very convincing.
There is something wrong some
where,
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-06-14
Discover Arson Conspiracy.

CHICAGO, June 6.-Leopold Dreyfus,
of the Dreyfus company, committed
suicide today, after having confessed,
the police declare, that he was a party
to the burning to his place of business
in Market place last Saturday after.
noon.
The confession, according to the pc
lice, may throw light on other fires in
the downtown district and is reg arded
by the officials as evidence of the ex.
istence of an organized band of incen.
diaries, who. for a stipulated price, Of
fer to set fire to business houses.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-06-14
IT is WORTH MILLIONS.

Some skeptical person., who rightly
assume that his identity is of no i'm.
portauce, writes anonymously to The
Lookout to ask how the editors of the
daily newspapers know that q rainfall
over a considerable portion of Mon.
tana is worth 81. 000, 900 to the state.
They don't know it. The guess it. IT
they had taken the trouble to make a
very simple calculation in simple
arithmetic, they would have ascer.
tanned tina the valne to the state in
real money from a general soaking
rain at this season Of the year would
aggregate many times the amount
which the unknown correspondent
evidently regards as a wild exaggera.
ton.
Last year was an exceptiona ally dry
one in Montana, and the need OF
moisture for agricultural purposes
this year was genera! and urgent.
In a very large part of the state, not
under irrigation and occupied for
agricultural uses, the precipitation
during the month Of May this year
mean the prospect of an unusually
good crop instead of no crop. This
means a difference In profit to the
owners of such land OF at least SIS per
acre. Probably no one, known or
unknown, will dispute the proposition
that there are at least 500 900 acres of
land of this character occupied by
farmers within the state, which have
received the benefits of the spring
rains. This calculation would show
q gain Of 81, 500, 900 for the state from
this influence, which is certainly no
exhorbitant if any reliability at all i
contained in the official statistics which
give the agricultural products Of tn
state a value of at least ten times tina
amount.
1t is difficult for many people il
Montana to realize the Importance o
farm industry in the vast empire o
which SO small a part has been ap
propriated for crop purposes. Their
is a liberal education for at least
majority of the people living in com
munities where mining is the primar,
source of wealth, to be derived b.
study Of a recent map of the state ant
requirement of the knowledge tina
scores OF new towns have been create
within half a dozen years solely fror
an extension of agricultural enter
prise.-Montana Lookout.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-06-14
Snowfall In Irritation.

In districts where the irrigation sys-
tenn Is followed it Is decidedly desir-
able that the amount of snowfall In
the neighboring mountains during the
winter should be known with reason
able accuracy in order that the water
available for irrigation may be ap-
proximated. These mountainous locali-
ties are generally uninhabited and
there is no opportunity for making
daily observations such as may be
done in the more accessible sections.
The most satisfactory results have
been obtained with what is known as
a "snow bin" a cubical box five feet
on a side, standing on a frame ground.
This bin is fitted with a system of lou
vers on the inside to prevent the wind
from blowing out the snow and to in
| sure a level deposit within.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-06-14
A BashfuI Presidential Aspirant,
New York Sun.

New York Sun.
Seldom has 9 sweeter piece OF bash
full maiden art been offered to a public
too unworthy of it than the Hon.
Woodrow Wilson's Denver waving
away OF the crown:
Greatly I have not thought about
the presidency"
How did Governor Wilson discover
the miraculous saving grace and merit
OF the initiative and referendum after
warning the Princeton undergraduates
az ainst tor them-for twenty years?
Because he was not thinking about
the presidency.
Why did Governor Wilson, who had
long been clothed and starched with all
the solemn grandeur OF the college
don, lament that the dear people had
no nickname for him, doesn't yet. in
fact, call him "Wilse' or "Woody":
Because he was not thinking about
the presidency.
Why is Governor Wilson now per
forming the duties of the Office tC
which he was elected and for which
he is paid by swinging around
the circle in the west, pouring to {
grateful populace the sincere milk o
Bryaniac and progressive reform.
Because he has not thought abou
the presidency.
Really. there is a maxim the Greel
and Latin of which it would be pedan
tic to mention to a wandering tribune
but in plain English it may be com
mended to this comparatively mex
perienced c%anvasser: Don't overd,
! IL -
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-06-14

lets. thus centering the core in the
form. The pallets are made of any
boards larger than the form used for
molding the tile, and In the center is
bored a three-quarter inch hole to re-
ceive the pin on the bottom Of the
board in the core.
The outside part Of the mold Is held
in position by four iron pins or spikes.
Set the casing in the correct position
on the pallet and then on each side
mark where the pin is to be placed.
Bore a hole for the same and arrange
it so that it can be easily inserted and
removed.
A pallet is prepared for as many
tiles as you wish to make each day,
and the tiles are left on it for at least
forty-eight hours before removing.
| when they may be piled up and the
pallet used again.
In operation the mold is placed in
position on the pallet with the core in
place. The mortar is placed In the
mold and tamped down. Add mortar
and lamp down until the mold is filled.
| Now simply draw out the core and
unlock the sides and fold back from
the tile, leaving it upon the pallet to
dry for forty-eight hours. The tiles
thus made are eighteen inches long
and are octagonal, which is a conven'
lent shape for laying.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-06-14
Pray Will Oppose Wool Bill.

WASHINGTON, June 6.-Repre senta.
tive Pray Is preparing q speech on
the wool schedule, which be probably
will deliver next week. MIR. Pray will
urge postponement of the vote until
the regular session in order that the
house may have the full benefit of the
report of the tariff board, which is to
be ready December l. Mr.. Pray de.
clares that when the best known tariff
authorities differ as radically as on
the question of the wool tariff it is
certainly difficult for the average man
to get reliable data upon which to
base on honest opinion.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-06-14
Tho Aqe Of Fish.

Until within recent years there had
been ascertained no trustworthy way
of finding out the age Of fish. 1t has
been shown that mere size does not
indicate the age. Reibisch, Heincke,
and others have discovered that many
of the bones, scales and otoliths OF
fishes have annual age rings, resem-
bling those in tree trunks, and by
means Of these Wallace and others
have determined the rate of growth OF
plaice, showing that some specimens
attain the age Of twenty-five or even
as much as Twenty-Five years. Age
can now be correlated with size and
weight, although it appears that the
sexes have a different rate of growth.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-06-14

GREAT FALLS, June 6.-That the
United States Smelling and Refining
company is in earnest regarding the
reiuvenation of the old abandoned
mining camp OF Neihart, one of the
biggest silver producing camps OF the
past, has been made evident by the
pumping out of the Queen OF the Hills,
the Gault and the Nevada Mines by
John Bell, al old mining man OF Mel
hart. After years of idleness the
boilers at the Queen of the Hills have
been steamed up and the pumps have
again been started.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-06-14
Paintina Window Screens.

When repainting window screens
and screen doors give them a couple
of coats Of white paint o. else use a
light tint in place Of the conventional
black or dark green. Screens painted
in this way possess the peculiar ad-
vantage of presenting an unobstructed
view to a person on the inside looking
out. while a person on the outside Is
prevented from looking into the house
by the reelection Of the light from the
wire Of the screen.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-06-14
Graft Indictments Dismissed.

PITTSBURG, June 6.-The whitewash
brush has wiped out all the 81 graft
indictments against 80 of Pittsburg's
councilmen, the court having granted
the district attorneys petition for q
nolle pressing. Indictments stand
only in the case of former Councilman
William Brand, who now is serving
q sentence on q former conviction,
and Delinquent Tax Collector Max G.
Leslie. The boodlers got away with
S129, 500, it is alleged.
District Attorney Blakely said there
was not sufficient evidence to convict
since many of the states Witnesses
were "forgetting."
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-06-14
DO YOU WANT land?

This is the time to look up Public
Land. Plenty Of it is worth the
price of scrip with assurance Of
handsome profits. We have the
scrip--approved Santa Fe and guar
anteed Soldiers Additional. Pat
ents secured in few months. Only
small amount OF scrip left. Prices
must advance. Write for quota
lions and information.
THE COLLINS LAND co.
Helena, Montana.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-06-14
AGREE ON WOOL BILL.
Democratic Congressman Quote Cri-
ticism Made BY Taft.

V~'S'' "SoNo ~ S0It.
WASHINGTON, June 6.-Sharply
critictzing President Taft, the republi-
cans and the tariff board. the report
on the Underwood bill was submitted
to the house of representatives today
by the democra attic members of the Ways
and means committee. Quoting Pres.
dent Taft's address after the pass g
Of the Payne.Aldrich tariff bill, in
which he declared that ''the wooden
schedule is ~indefensible and I propose
to cay so," the report says:
"Had the president made these pub
lie admissions earlier, while the tariff
Of 1909 vas under consideration by
congress-, his declarations would have
been of real service to the people and
would have enabled them to protest
against the betrayal of the public well
fare to private greed. The presidents
| silence at that time and his approval
OF the act of 1909 made it impossible
for him to evade his full share of re.
s%ponsibility for the failure OF revision
which he now admits"
In explaining the determin alton Of
the committee not to put raw wool on
the free list, but to reduce the present
duty to 20 per cent ad valorem. the
committee insists, as the democra ats
did. that the duty ''is lot to be con.
strued IS an abandonment of any
democra attic policy"
1.-The present situation of the treas
ury," the report states, Following a
long course of unwarranted extrava-
gance OF the republican party and the
appropriations already made by the
~61stcongress which the democratic min
GRITTY could not limit, requires that the
revenue from customs duty in the i'm
mediate future be maintained at ap'
proximately the total of the fiscal year
1902
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-06-14
PUBLIC LAND AND MINING
CASES.

II you are interested in any contest
or any matter before the Interior De-
partment, write to Clark & Wright,
registered land lawyers, oo2 F Street
N. w. Opposite Genl Land Office,
Washington, D. c. Free information
about contests and where to obtain
scrip, locatable upon public lands,
without residence or cultivation.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-06-14
China's Coal Fields.

Trustworthy authorities reckon the
coal fields Of China as equal in value
to all the other coal fields of the world
combined, but so far they are practi'
cally lying idle. One province. Human,
has 81, 100 miles Of solid coal, anthra-
cite and bituminous.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-06-14
MAKING CONCRETE TILE.
Simple and Effective Method Of Con.
structino Molds.

Simple and Effective Method Of Con.
structins MoIds.
Concrete tiles become harder and
stronger with age and may be made
as porous as clay tiles; in comparison
the clay tile becomes water soaked and
d~isintegrates in the years of service,
thus causing broken tiles and a useless
drain. The accompanying sketch
shows a device for making a six inch
tile. aud from this explanation n
other tile may be constructed.
A box form is built Of two boards
eighteen inches long and eight inches
wide and two boards eighteen inches
long and ten inches wide. These are
Joined together to make a form, the
inside measurements being eight by
eight inches and eighteen inches high.
Fasten these boards together with
two hinges at each Of three corners
and the fourth corner fasten with two
hooks and eyelets. This allows the ma
chine to be folded back from the tile
without injury. Now nail in each cor
ner of this box some three cornered
strips eighteen inches long, but nail to
one side Of the board only.
For the core take a six inch stove
pipe t%wenty-four inches long and in
side the same place a six inch board
thirty inches long, mailing it securely.
The top of this board is cut to make a
handle to draw out the core The bot
tom is cut down to leave a small three
quarter inch projection or pin, which
anters into the holes bored In the pal
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-06-14

Whooping cough is not dangerous
when the cough is kept loose and ex.
pectoration easy by giving Chamber.
lain's Cough Remedy. 1t has been
used in many epidemics of this dis.
ease with perfect success. For sale
by all dealers. y
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1911-06-14

Fine Book and Job Printing a spe
cialty at the RIVER PRESS Office.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1911-04-06
"A; .BALnMORfsOHa
RAILROAD
EFFECTIVE NOV. q, 1910.
CHARLES TOWN, w. va

| ALL TRAINS DAILY EXCEPT SUNDAY
For WINCHESTER & >STRASBURC
JUNCTION, Depart 1898 a. m. (nnix
ed), Hip a. m, 6. Tsp. m. ~. 36p. NJ
Winchester only.
6.43 a. m. winchester only) 10. u
am, 6.43 p. m.
For HARRIS0NBURG& STAUNTON,
Depart 1923 a. m. (mixed(, IL. 12 am.
6.15 D. m. (Harrisonburg). Arrive
1912 a. M, 6.S8 p. m.
For LEXINGTON, Depart Hip a. m,
Arrive 1O.12.a. M. 6.38 pm
For,HARPER'S FERRY, Depart 6 :43am
10. IL a. m, 6.S8 p. m. Arrive 8. % a.
M, IL. IL a. M, 6. 15 p. m, z. SO D. m
For HAGERSTOWN and Way stations,
Depart 6.43 a. M, 10 IL a. m. Arriv G
Ii. Up. m.
For FREDERICK, WASHINGTON,
BALTIMORE and Way stations, De.
part 6. 43 a. M, 10. IL a. M, S8 .. m,
Arrive IL. 10 a. m. ~,
For MARTINSBURG and WayStations
Oepart CAB a. m. 10. IL m.6.38 p. I'm.
Arrive IL IL a. m, 7.36 g: IN;
For CHICAGO via PIFTSBURG 1912
For CHICAGO, COLUMBUS and
WHEELING, Depart 6.S8 D. m. Ar.
rive IL. IL a. m.
For PITTSBURG, Depart 1912 a.
6.38 p. m. Arrive 6.15 P: I'm;
For WASHINGTON, BALTIMORE,
PHILADELPHIA and NEW York;
:. Depart 6.43 q. M, 10. IL a. m: 6. 80 p. m
For CINCINNATI, ST. LOUIS and
LOUISVILLE, Depart 1912 a. M,
Arrive IL. IL a. M,
W. A Spangler. Ticket Agent.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1911-04-06
.Powhatan College Notes

The .,Box Social" given for the ben
efit of the Y. w. Z. A. was largely at
tended and neat sum was realized.
Miss Lacy Gaunt, of Virginia, ?
farmer graduate, has entered schoo
for the purpose of taking special normal
work during the spring term.
Pres. Hatton attended meeting Ct
the teachers of Frederick county,
Maryland, in Brunswick last week.
Miss Cora Watson, of Darlington, S.
c., was called home by the illness of a
member of her family.
Miss Boyer spent the weekend a
her home in Virginia.
Extensive preparations are beins
made for commencement exercises.
This years exercises will surpass q
others.
Misses Gray and Lewis spent tn,
| week END in Baltimore.
Pres. aatton and Prof. Speer at
ended an oratorial contest at storel
olege last week. 4
Misses Myrna Miles and Mabel Wsfd
two former graduates, visited friend
at the college last week.
The Misses Colstons, spent the week
end in Manchester, Va.
Miss Gray, of Charlottesville. Va,
Visiting friends at the college.
Prof. Cooper, spent the weekend a
his home in Winchester.
A private recital by the Execution Dc
partment, was given in the college AZ
ditorium Saturday night.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1911-04-06
The Jefferson Co. Mutual
Fire Insurance Co.
Established 1875.

Office in west end of Sadler Block, sec
ond floor, Charles Town.
Offers to the people of Jefferson county
insurance in q safe company at the &C.
tual cost of insurance, which is much
cheaper than the rates usually charged,
and keeps the money at home. Good
risks from responsible parties are inyi.
ted. Executive committee meets every
Friday.
DIRECTORS Joseph Trapnell, Jno. c,
Burns, Nelson R. Roberts, VIM. Wilt
VIM. C. Frazier, ]. S. Melvin, H. L,
Snyder, M. B. Baker, E. H. Reinhart
]. w. Rider, R. Preston Chew, S. W
Washington, Isaac H. Strlder.
Isaac H. Strider, President; John A
Washington, Secretary and Treasurer
EXECUTIVE Committee. H. Stridel
chairman; Jno. C. Burns, S. W. Wash
ington.
General Agents Washington & Alex
ander, Charles Town, w. Va.
Sub-Agents-J. S. Fleming, Shep
herdstown, W. Va. VIM. o. Rau. Har
per's Ferry. W. Va
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1911-04-06
GREATESTB ARGAINS
EVER OFFERED In BALTIMORE, MD.
TO BE POSITIVELY SOLD
BY ORDER OF THE


CONSOLIDATED
CONSTRUCTION COMPANY.
400 HORSES AND MARES 400
200 YOUNG BROKE MULES 200
HORSES s25 TO sos UP.
MULES SIS TO 500 A PAIR UP
Ages : to 8 years, weighing 1000 to
1,5OO pounds, all good seryicable stock,
right out of hard work also, 20 BIG
YOUNG, FAT MARES, slightly street
sore; will come sound in the country,
and 2 MARES that have proven to be
in foal, very. cheap. P. S.-This q
great opportunity to merchants, con-
tractors and farmers that are in need
of good acclimated Horses and Mules
ready for Immediate use. N. BIO
be sold at the rate.of 80 head weekly.
Halter. Collar and Blanket given free
with horse and mule. See SUPERIN-
TENDENT at Company's main Office
and Stables, 513-515 West Franklin
Street, between Paca and Greene Sts.,
Baltimore. Md. C. & P. Phone.
Dec. l, 10, SIN.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1911-04-06
chHdren cry
FOR FLETCHER'S
g ASTo RIA

Hon. William Mayo Atkinson, for
many years Judge of the Corporation
Court of Winchester, Va, died at his
residence there early Monday morning,
after a protracted illness, aged sixty
two. Judge Atkinson was brother
of Mrs. A. G. Hopkins and Mrs. Eliza
M. Perry, Of this place. He was an
able and upright jurist, of winning per-
senality and universally beloved by the
people of his native town and through
cut the Valley.