davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1911-06-25

them back.
Under the United States the Island
has been made a link in the Pacific
cable system and a naval station Is
being slowly established there. Tho
Island is one Of q chain of bases
stretching across the Pacific, and
formed by Hawaii, Midway. Island,
Guam and the Philippines. Under
certain circumstances Guam might
play an important part in war. II
considerably strengthens our defense
against possible Japanese aggression,
provided we have ample warning of
the attack.
Today. japan could take Guam as
easily as we did and would have lit
tie more difficulty in seizing the Philip
pines. Tie Island can not be more
formidably defensive. Its strength
and utility are inseparabIe from the
cooperation Of a feet. On the other
hand, to our vessels manoeuvering in
the Pacific, Guam would be Of the
greatest value in breaking the long
journey from Hawaii, or Samoa, to
Manila The distance from Honolulu
to Guam Is 3,308 miles and thence to
Manila 1.5o6. It Is even less to Yoko-
hama. From Panama to Guam the
The Washington herald., 1911-06-25

rounded that even the new field as
sistant, thirsting for experience. s
more than satisfied. But seldom are
there any real rnishaps. for adequate
preparations are made to overcome
most difflcuities. As q matter Of fact,
WIZ seems &c the first year man daily
adventures. ofttime too thrilling, be-
come. after year or two OF service.
simply q part Of the days work, and
not of sufictent importancs to mem
tion. Men who have gone through
trials and experiences In the high
Sierra country. along the vast Conu-
mental Divide, or who have placed
their maps OF the untrodden sections
Of Alaska in the hands Of "explorers
who come later, can scarce be pre-
vailed upon 70 admit that they have
ever had any "experiences.
Laden with their telescopes, their
plane tables ana other surveying In
struments. the torographers are gem
orally first on the field unexplored by
survey men. All the mountains, can
yons. and plains OF the country are
duly sketched: no lake. marsh. stream
The Washington herald., 1911-06-25

maps are used in all government de-
partments and by engineers and min
In the western part OF Ine UmTvu
States are about 100000 acres OF
coal land still owned by the govern
ment. in addition to the great coal
fields Of Alaska 1t Is the work OF
the coal geologist to examine these
coal beds, to estimate the tonnage per
acre and to fix the sale price. Thls
land classification work has proved to
be of great economic value to the gov
ernment. Until 1906, all OF the gov
ernment coal land was sold at price
of $40 or $40 an aero, fixed according
to its proximity to railroads and with
out regard to its real value.
Now, however, Uncle Sam Is man
aging his vast coal property on busi-
ness basis. His geologists are exam
| lining every forty acre tract, measur-
ing the thickness of the coal seams
and calculating the tonnage Then
| the old landlord Is fixing the price
according to the quality Of the coal
| But how can q geologist tell how
many tons of coal an acre Will YIELD
when the coal bed Is 1000 feet under
ground, in a virgin field perhaps 100
miles from a mine shaft? He does
however, for the business Of the ge-
oIoRist Is to look deeper into the
ground than anyone else.
To the layman he appears more
or less of q wizard anyway; but, the
fact that shrewd business men and
practical coal mining corporations are
willing to accept the tonnage estimates
j of the Survey and pay their hard cash
for the coal lands, Is proof sufficient
that the geologist can really see down
through the ground. During the past
year 5,61s,769 acres CT classified coal
land were placed on sale at total
valuation of $3.50, ,646. Under the
old method of valuation. before the
science of geology was brought to beaI
. upon the work, the land would have
been priced at $S7,S16,bss, thus max.
. ing a difference Of nearly $S0O,OOO'OO'
. In favor of the government
, Equally active il the Survey In IL
work of classification of the petroleum
lands belonging to the government a.
well as the phosphate lands and the
: water power sites. In all these grea
, natural resources additional legisla
ton is necessary to protect the inter
: ests of the people to the same exten
l that they are safeguarded In their Goa
property. A leasing law Is needed L
1 prevent waste in the development
oil lands. Another law Is needed 10
3 handling of water power sites on tn
public domain. And leasing law !
: badly needed to enable the mining o
3 the western phospate lands, but wit
|. the provision which will enable tn
: government to prevent the exportatio
o of this wonderfully valuable fertilizer
v II the Survey geologists shall dis
: cover, this year. great deposits Of pot
a ash salts, q law to provide for thei
Il mining through leases will becom
d necessary. Such a discovery as tn
y great German potash deposits woul
: be worth hundreds Of millions of dol
d lars and obviously II would never q
: for the government to sell them an
. thus perhaps foster aa American pol
The Washington herald., 1911-06-25

some members OF the military force.
who stood nearby. the Secretary hur-
ried down to the beach. where. upon
the remnant Of ruined fort stood
the only piece Of ordnance the Island
boasted. He glanced into the muzzle
Of the venerable carronade-a relic
of prouder days-and hastened back
to his chief.
A pair Of wild pigions had nested
In the, cannon and even now were
tending q brood Of fluffy little ones.
Here was a dilemma. To turn out
the birds was clearly out Of the Que=-
ton. On the other hand. the salute
of friendly nation demanded prompt
answer. While the Governor pom
dered, with puckered brow. the gun Of
the ward ship doomed across the wa
ter for the third time. The next re-
port found the Governor erect and de-
cided. He had itI He would sink
etiquette and abate the dignity due 20
the representative Of His Most Cath
oiic Majesty, the King OF Spain. He
would row out and pay his respects
to the commander Of the American
vessel.
While a party of natives baileG out
the old pinnace, His Excellency put on
his faded uniform, with its tarnished
gold lace. He was soon in the boat
and before long-for the Chamorro
Is a lusty oarsman-the cruisers side
YVES reached
The American commander met the
Governor with respectful courtesy and
listened. not without puzzlement 20
his apology for failing to- return the
The Washington herald., 1911-06-25
0,egA1n5
liz AZA5A

spring or inequality Of the ground es-
capes the surveyors eye The Geo
logical Survey maps are made In the
field, upon the ground and are more
accurate than would be q series OF
photographs. :.
In the closely populated districts all
the routes of travel. the cities, the
towns ana even the farm houses are
carefully indicated on the topogra-
piers field map which is later en-
rrayed and published at Washington.
During the thirty-one years Of the sur
vey's existence. the topographers have
surveyed in this fne detail more than
one-third of the United States and
much territory in Alaska. Besides the
oo,ntpv actually mapped. large areas
have been covered in q reconnaissance
way. and this Is especially true Of
Alas,xa. where the Survey has beer
active only about ten years.
The Washington herald., 1911-06-25

phers are perhaps more widely tray-
eled than any other OF the field men.
for they are going to carry their map
making and their study OF water
power and lakes and streams into the
Hawaiian Islands. Phosphate beds
are constantly being discovered and
classified. The discovery Of another
fertilizer, no less than potash. II con-
hdently hoped for In the great pre-
historic lake basins Of the arid re-
Rion, where vast beds of the mineral
so vital to our farmers. were undoubt-
edly deposited in the early ages OF
the world.
/ Summer finds the men Of the Sur
vey scattered through the swamps and
deserts. the mountainous regions and
the rural districts Of the country. ieav-
/ ing only small administrative body
at the headquarters in Washington.
II one might obtain q birds eye view
Of the United States and its territories
It would be interesting to note the
progress Of these small bands Of
workers.
4 Among snoW-covered mountait
ridges and through swollen rivers the5
struggle. Forest frcs threaten them
ana IN some districts 80 numerous ar.
i the dangers by which they ere sur.
The Washington herald., 1911-06-25

A little, shallow stream runs through
It Until late years, this was the
common place for washing clothing
and the depositing Of refuse. 1t was
also the chief source OF the supply of
drinking water and. naturally, q pow
erful agency for the spread of diseases.
These conditions have been greatly
improved under American control of
the Island.
The people of Agana are, perhaps.
a slight degree less poor than the re-
mainder of the inhabitants, but prac-
tically all Of them live from hand to
mouth and, when one OF the period
ical hurricanes sweeps the Island,
they are reduced to the verge Of star
vatton. Their main dependence Is on
the crops which they raise on little
plantations, a few miles from the
town. where they take up their abode
in the harvest season. Rice, maize,
camotes, and garden truck are cult
waited most extensively, and a little
tobacco of a passable quality is grown
The greatest area Is devoted to cocoa
nuts. which are Indigenous to the soil
SONNS
tree furnishes the native with the
greatest variety Of necessities. From
It he derives meat, drink. wine, vine
gar, molasses, lard, shoes, clothing;
it shades his other crops; It fattens
his chickens and hogs; It yields the
thatch, the woodwork and the crude
furniture of his house; from its sap
he takes the yeast for his bread; its
fibre he fashions into cord and mat
ting.
But the most important product
procured from the tree Is copra, which
Is the dried meat Of the cocoanut. The
tree is more prolific in Guam than in
any other part Of the world. with the
exception of the Caroline Islands. The
crudest methods are practised by the
Guamese in preparing copra. The
cocoanuts ripen all the year round
and each morning the rancher and
his sons make the rounds OF the grove,
picking up the cocos which have fall
len during the night These are piled
up beside the ranch hut until a sufh-
cient quantity to work upon has been
accumulated. In the process Of ex-
traction, one man, with his machete
splits a nut open and hands the pieces
The Washington herald., 1911-06-25

Indeed. of the COO, 900 square miles
pfofteR9f fteR9ft ut ufPogtb.. .sQuptry there is less
tn, Geological Survey men. The work
In Alaska which, with the exception
of a few centers, is almost totally
undeveloped, is naturally more difh-
cult than in the United States proper.
In some of the districts the men can
not depend upon pack trains or even
dogs, but must rely upon the sturdi-
ness of their own legs, or resort to
canoe travel In many instances es-
pecialIy during the earlier purely ex-
pIoratory work, advantage has been
taken of the enormous length OF some
of the Alaskan rivers. Working their
way up one stream as far as possible
with canoes, they portage to the head
waters of another stream flowing In
a different direction, and descend that
stream. emerging perhaps into another
ocean.
In such cases It has been no holiday
Isunt to work q couple or heaVily
laden canoes, carrying five months OF
provisions, up the rapids OF some
swiftly flowing mountain stream with
the glacial water at a temperature OF
40 to 30 degrees. Nor when the
stream Swallowed to get oct into tne
icy water and push and pun. One
twelve mile portage across the cenIrai
mart of the Seward Peninsula occu-
nIed a week. Several trips were nee
essary. the men carrying their canoes
and their provisions and camp outn'
over a mountain divide 1900 feet nlgn'
For four or five or six months
until the SHOWS of the fall drive them
tn-many of these field men i've ano
work in the wilderness apparently
ohlivious to the outside world TneS
map out practically untrod ground
occasionally meeting some prospector
but for the most part having only al
intercourse with each other.- Living
tbree or four of them In a little Worlc
of their own for perhaps half q yea
do they become homesickT wen
naturally. as the leaden skies OF au
tunon IN the mountain regions fore
east the close of the field season, tner'
NAV be a wish to get in toucn VIII
{. tho haunts Of men.
Look, fellows, the northern ngnu
are wonderful tonight" enthusiasm
cally cried one member OF just suci
: q party.
= Northern Iights!" groaned wear
: traveller. Good heavens! for sign
Q of the white lights Of some town.
Q Yet when the sap begins to sWel
6 the buds the next spring. these sam
men will be the most eager to iar
Il forth again into the wilderness.
q The result of the topographers "a
e bor is a map so wonderfully accurat
= that it IN noted throughout the worie
i and the United States Geological SUI
4. vey men have been called upon
: teach topographic mapping IN man
q foreign countries and to Organize Soy
n ermental topographic surveys frol
A Canada to Argentina During the pa
e wear $3.50 square miles in the Unite
s States proper were topographicall
,es surveyed in great detail The SUI
u yev has its own engraving plant an
~ 1t is one Of the greatest map engra'
ing establishments In the country. III
The Washington herald., 1911-06-25

WHW ITH the breath Of spring
" comes to all of Uncle Sans
Geological Survey men the
~ cali of the vast stretches OF
sasebrush and shortgrass country OF
the West, the mountains and glaciers
of the backbone of the country, and
the snow-bound territory of Alasks-
During the winter months they have
been busy at their desks in the ONCE
At washington, but now the reports
and maps of the last deld season
are completed and the geologists,
the photographers. the topographers,
the animal and plant fossil experts.
and other specialists are spreading
throughout the United States and into
the vast silent places Of Alaska.
There are over 500 of these field
men of science. The topoSraphers
viii invade the remote places In many
Of the western states that are yet un-
suryeyed, and wiz also push their way
into unknown parts OF Alaska.
Among the newly discovered coal beds
of Arizona, Utah and other states the
coal biologists viii busy themselves
IN the land classification work thai
has proved to be Of such great eco
nomic value.
The topographers and hycrogra-
The Washington herald., 1911-06-25

employer never expects her new SER
want for one week after she is em-
ployed, because the servant must give
her old employer one weeks notice
before leaving. In this way the law
protects both the employer and the
servant. In case there Is failure
to comply with requirements, COM
plant is made to the magistrate. who
renders decision.
The Washington herald., 1911-06-25

oRWAY seems to have settled
the servant problem for All time.
In many Of the larger cities Of
that country have been established
sonfra1 employment bureaus nnder
the control of the city o1icials. and
thsrs are two times. each year when
dissatisfied servants can look oat Tor
The Washington herald., 1911-06-25
SERVANT QUESTION IN NORWAY

new masters and mattresses. AZ this
same time employers may select new
servants. This bureau 4 open for one
week In summer and one week IN
winter.
when q woman desires 70 employ =
servant she niakes her application on
4 card st the employment bureau.
The Washington herald., 1911-06-25

she nsates what wages she Is willing
to pay the servant. and her notice Is
fastened on large blackboard. Wom-
"a and men servants out Of work ex-
anime the cards and. when they de-
eide 10 make application, nj out q
card and are examis1ed. II their rec
concentrations are satisfactory 70 the
authorities, tie applicant receives ,
card to the prospective employer.
The Washington herald., 1911-06-25

NE of the governments physi-
clans, located on an Indian res
" ervation in the West. makes q
strong denial OF the widespread be-
lief that the Indian IL endowed with
keener eyesight than the white man.
There are FIVE eye specialists employed
BE- Uncle Sam constantly at work
The Washington herald., 1911-06-25
THE INDIANS Eye.

among the Indians, and according to
their reports the eyes of the red men
are decidedly less keen than those OF
white men. Out Of four hundred and
fifty Indians on one reservation IN
the west two hundred Of them have
undergone operations for eye troubles.
The Washington herald., 1911-06-25

available for one day only. In case
the housekeeper hires the servant she
ans out another card with the list
III duties, wages and forms OF serv-
Ice agreed upon, and this is returned
ID the central bureau. where It is fled
away.
n case the applicant Is unsatisfao-
tory the card is returned to the bn-
reau marked In such q manner. The
The Alaska citizen., 1911-04-03
PEACE OvERTURES
 FROM D|Az
WHEN THE DEVIL WAS SICK THE DEVIL A SAINT
 WOULD BE-"
WILL SOON RESIGN HIS OFFICE
Tells His Congress That He is Most Anxious to Bring About tho Reforms That Are Advocated by the Anti-re-eIectionists.
The Citizen Special Service.J


 MEXICO CITY, April 2.-At six o'clock last night President Diaz read a message 10 the Mexican con gress in which he announces that he plans to resign the presidency soon in the interest of peace. He advo- cates that number of reform measures insisted on by the anti re-electlonists De passed. He as- serts that his enemies are con- spirators against the welfare of the republic. In referring to the United States he says he is assured Wash. ington is doing all in it's power to observe the neutrality laws. He praises the soldiers and the civil of. ticers who have remained faithful to the government. The message con- cedes many of the points insisted on by the revolutionists.
 MEXICALI, April 1. - In an en. gagement near Tecate between the rebels and the federal troops. the government forces yesterday were repulsed with considerable loss and the rebels are now in undisturbed control Cf the situation.
 FL PASO, April | Associated press agents who are closely fol- lowing the progress of the Mexican disturbances, report the city of Chihuahua completely surrounded by the rehels and at the mercy of the insurgents whenever they de- eide to enter.
The Alaska citizen., 1911-04-03
ALEX CAPEWELL BACK AGAIN

Alex Capewell, the formlr pre- prietor of the Model cafe, who has been Outside all winter visiting in the states and his old home ill England, arrived yesterday even ing from Valdez. With two compan- ions he came in over the trail in Il days in private conveyance, T0gged out in some real English riding brooches, don't ye know, Alex looked very styl-sh when he paid the Citiz. a visit. He reports that Mrs. Capewell and the twins are enjoying themselves at Lee, H.. but he cannot say at this time when they will return 10 the camp
The Alaska citizen., 1911-04-03
WASHINGTON NEWS
 ITEMS
ALL IS READY FOR OPENING OF THE EXTRA SESSION OF
 CONGRESS.
DEMOCRATS MAKE ALL PLANS
Many Changes Are Made in Rules, the Power of Naming Committees Being Taken Away From Speaker and Placed With House.
The Citizen Special Service. l

nc ClllZ6n SpSCldl OeTVlCe.
 WASHINGTON, April ?. - All was peaceful i'll the Democratic camp last night on the eve of the special session. II is said that last night good many changes in the rules were agreed upon and it was also decided 10 abolish many positions that al present carry big salaries. The power cf naming the committees will be taken from the speaker and placed ill the house itself. A pro- gram for the extra session has been adopted which will provide for the attention to the matters of revising the tariff downward and reciprocity with Canada and which will prevent tlibuStering.
 The census bureau announces that the population of Juneau is 1,644 That of Sitka is given at 539, the native village being 300 and Skag- way is credited with population of SIP.
 WASHINGTON, April 1. - Con gressman Humphrey of Seattle, has just returned from the canal zone and expresses himself as well pleas ed with the work tat has been done and the possibilities of com pleting the big ditch within the time limit
 WASHINGTON, April l. Ar rang ments are being made for the establishment at Anapolis during the coming summer of a school of aerial navigation
 WASHINGTON, April | Post master-General Hitchcock has is sued orders directing the transfer of scores of the postal inspectors
The Alaska citizen., 1911-04-03
DOZEN COUNCIL CANDIDATES
/. :. :. :. :. !. .... :. :. :. :. .:. .:.
 cANDlDAr S FOR COUNCIL.


About one hundred gathered in the courtroom last Monday evening in response to the call for meet ing for the purpose of nominating candidates fer the city council. Tom Marquam was voted to the chair and Frank s. Gordon acted as sec retary.
 When the object of the meeting had been explained w. H. Adams moved that seven candidates be named for the council but this prop osition was checked when J. H. Patten proposed an amendment to the effect that as many candidates as the meeting should see fit should be nominated. The amendment car
The Alaska citizen., 1911-04-03
DAN CALLAHAN, HENRY RAPPOLT, J. F. MOODY, R. G. SOUTHWORTH E. C. PEACOCK, JOHN HOWSAM.

red and the following were nominat- ed: F. s. Gordon, J. E. Moody, George Hutchinson, R. G. South worth, E. c. Heacock, J. H. Patten, w. w. Smith, A. J. Nordale, Henry Rappolt, Dan Callahan, N. A. Shaw and John Howsam.
 A motion made to the effect that the meeting should indorse the entire ticket was put and carried and the meeting then adjourned.
 On Wednesday the names of E. R. Peoples, Dan Driscoll and Oscar Frey were added to the list, but withdrawals of w. w. Smith, N. A. Shaw and George Hutchinson have reduced the list to round dozen names
The Alaska citizen., 1911-04-03
CUCCS PURCHASE
 FLAT GREEK?
SUCH IS WELL AUTHENTICATE RlMOR IN THE CITY OF
 THE SPIRIT.
S7 100000 THE CONSIDERATION
Has Been Understood for a Long Time That the Zeal Was Pend ing. But the Consideration Has Never Been Before Mentioned.
TThe Citizen Special Service.l


 SEATTLE, April 2.-It is under stood here that the Guggonheims are to purchase the famous placer claims of Flat creek in the Iditarod country. The deal. f is said, involy- es an expenditure of seven million. two hundred thousand dollars. The peudenCy of the transaction was rumOrcd several We ks ago. but it is now authoritariyely stated that it has been accomplished
 SAN FRANCISCO. April l. l. is reported here on good authority that the Guggenheim company has just closed deal by which they come into possession of valuable water rights in the northern part of the state II is understood the consideration is $25. 900. .O00