davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The evening world., 1911-06-24

Secretary OF War in President Buchan-
ans administration shortly before the
war began he ordered the transfer OF
1000 muskets and rifles from the
Springfield armory and from the arsenal
at Watcrvliet, N. Y, to the various
Government arsenais in the southern
States. These arms all fell into the
hands OF the Confederates. Indeed,
without them they could not have armsd
the forces which they had In the field
in June. 1861, for they had no armories
to manufacture guns, n they could
not buy them in Europe and and them
at Southern seaports because OF the
close Euard kept by the Federal war
ships. so the C~onfederates hogan with
q large percentage OF old fashioned.
smooth bore muskets, and many Of
these they had to use all through the
war.
Immediately after the firing upon Fort
Sumter the Washington administration
sent agents to Europe to purchase arms.
A great number OF various KINDS cr
runs were imported In the next three
months, nearly all OF which proved ut
terly inferior to American made guns
The best OF these European guns were
the Enfield rifles. manufactured at I'm
field, England. for which the Govern
ment paid $50 apiece. Tho agents
bought everything they could get holc
OF, including old smooth bore musket'
Of the Austrian and Prussian service foi
which IS apiece were paid. These latter
were shortly after thrown into juni
heaps.
In all OF this hasty armins there wal
little thought given TO breech loedint
rifles, nor did the immense superiorit!
Of breech leaders become plain TO th'
Federal authorities until the war mas
lasted three years.
The evening world., 1911-06-24
NORTHERN COLONEL PREPARED
NEW BOOK OF TACTICS.

From the end OF the War OF 1872 to
the year 1886 the United States Army
was drilled according 10 SCOTS a
| ties Then Lteut.-Col. w. J. Hardee
prepared "Hardee's Tactics" and this
book was used at the beginning OF the
civil wal by both sides. But Hardee
was n Southerner. and. perhaps because
the Northern men preferred a Northern
set of tactics. Col. Silas casey OF the
Federal Army prepared a new set In
1861 and "Casey's Tactics were used
by the Union armies ~thrcughout the
war.
In these three sets OF tactics the
instructions for loading guns were
about the same. The soldier was In
structed with minute defniteness how
to bite his cartridge and ram the
charge into the gun. The following Is
an excerpt from the long crocess set
forth in 'Casey's Tactics"
Seize the cartridge with the thumb
and next two fingers, and place II be-
tween the teeth. Tear the paper 10 the
powder, hold the cartridge upright be-
tween the thumb and first two fingers
near the top. In this position place II
in front OF n near the muzzle-the
back OF the hand near the 'front.'. Empty
the powder into the barrel; disengage
the ball from the paper with the right
hand and the thumb and hrst two fin
gers of the left; Insert II into the
bore. the pointed end uppermost. and
press IL down with the right thumb;
seize the head OF the rammer with the
thumb and forenngcr OF the right hand.
the other fingers closed. the elbows
near the body. Half draw the hammer
by extending the right arm. &c"
a soldier. working rapidly. would be
able TO load and fire his gun three times
In a minute. NOWADAYS a trained mill
tiaman can load and fire his breech-
The evening world., 1911-06-24
Rise and Fall of the confederacy"

maaCs ms usscrtIOn'
The individuality. sclf-reiiance and
haoitIal use OF small arms by the peo-
pie Of the South was a substitute Tor
military training, nus the new troops
OF the Nurth were Inferior, man for
man. % TIE soldiers OF the South. at the
beg inning
Another Confederate. Gen. T.. 7. Al
cNandcr. the ordnance expert or the
Confederate armies. who has written
the clcarcst and fairest military sc-
Of the war from the Confederate
viewpoint, says strikingly:
There Is reacon to believe that had
the Federal infantry been armed from
the frat with even the breerhloaders
available in 1861. tho war would have
ended within a year"
The evening world., 1911-06-24
EARLY BELIEF THAT INFANTRY
FIRE SHOULD BE SLOW.

Fifty years ago the old idea was held
by most commanders that infantry fire
should not be rapid. because the per
centage of hits was small and the men
were cautioned against wasting am
munition. II took n hundred battles 20
finally demonstrate the absurdity OF
this theory.
withal tho slowness Of loading and
firing the OLE muEzle-load..g rife was
a deadly weapon. Enemies approached
much nearer zach other than in the
wars of this generation. When ammu-
milton was exhausted they could jump
The evening world., 1911-06-24
PRUssIANs FIRST TO USE THE
sREEcH LOADING GUN.

The Prussians were the first TO use
the breech loading gun. In lS%1 they
adopted the darling needle gum. a
breech loader. II was crude and dan
gerous 10 the man who fired II. Prus-
sian soldiers grew TO fear II as much as
their enemies. Other nations would
have none OF It. The Crimean war,
1S53-ls56. was fought almost entirely
with muzzle loading guns.
The standard gun for infantry at the
beginning OF the civil war was the
Springfield rife, a muzzle loading gun.
The calibre was So. the Darrell 40 inches
long, the weight with all appendages
nine and a half pounds. The rifles cost
The Government $l4.93 EACH.
The rifle. that is to say the gun bar
rel with twisting grooves, was not new.
Rifles were used by some regiments In
tho American Revolution Fenimore
Cooper's heroes, hunters and indian
fighters. used the rifle In their marvel
lous shooting exploits. but the rifle was
not well adapted FOR arnies-so the
commanders thought up to the end of
the Mexican a Its grooves would
become foul and clogged. II was hard
TO keep clean, and so the old smooth
bore musket was preferred. D.
Though the Springfield rife became
the standard arm OF the United States
army IN 1850. the arsenals Of the coun-
try were stocked with the old smooth
bore guns for several years late. The
Springfield armory was able to make
500 guns annually, running at full ca
! paclty. When the wa began there
were not more than 10000 of the new
rifles in the whole country. North and
South. On July |. 1861. the total force
called out by President Lincoln num-
bpred 3O;,0oo men. The Confederates
had about 100000 men in field and
camps. Thus 1t will. be seen that less
than one-hale OF the soldiers. in June
OF 1851, had Springfield rifles.
When j. II. Floyd. a Southerner. was
The evening world., 1911-06-24
WAR ANNIVERSARY
RECALLS USE Of
THE OLD RAMROD
Muzzle-L oading Guns EN-
ployed by Both Sides at
Outset of the Struggle.
THREE SHOTS A MINUTE.
Use of Breech Leaders at Be.
ginning Might Have Short
ened the Great Conflict.
By Phifip X. Dillon.

Let us cali Il the Anniversary Of the
Ramrod. And why should we recall
the ramrod at this time, fifty years ar
ter those Federal and Confederate ar.
mics In Northern Virginia, in late June
OF 1861. were preparing for the FIRST
great battle that was TO come a few
weeks later. Because the ramrod Is
the sign OF the muzzle loading gun. The
soldiers OF the civil war at tho begin
ming. Union and Confederate, were
armed with muzzle loading smooth bore
muskets and muzzle loading rines. An
insignificant few had breech leaders.
Tho great emperor. Charles V. of
Spain. overran Europe with his armies
in the first half OF the sixteenth cen.
fury. because his soldiers were the frs,
to be armed with mu~skets-heavy and
clumsy, yet the first Of modern mus
kets. Plzarro and Cortez conquered
Peru and Mexico with the musket and
ramrod. A hundred years later. Capt
Miles Standish, with the ramrod, loaded
his musket in Plymouth town of Massa-
chusetts. Little by little. muskets were
improved. made lighter. easier to carry
The leaden musket balls of the time
Of Charles ". weighed eight to a pound.
At the battle OF Bunker Hill the bull.
lets weighed eighteen to n pound.
The War OF the Revolution, the War
OF 1872. and the Mexican War were
fought with muzzle loading guns
smooth bore muskets. These were fired
with matches or flint. About 1850 the
percussion cap was introduced. In June
1861. American soldiers were beint
drilled in the use OF tho ramrod Il
drive down into the gun barrel thu
charge of powder and ball In much thu
same way that the soldiers Of Charles
". Used the ramrod 200 years before.
The evening world., 1911-06-24

loader ffteen times a minute, and with
the magazine guns he can fire as fast
as he can move his finger pulling the
trigger.
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08
CEMENT FROM F: FURNACE | { i rsLAe
tTests9 on concretea Bsocks Show Good 4 ba Resistance to ComprsssIve < ... Stresses. q

In reply to American inquiries con- icerning cement from hlast-furnace Mag. United States Consul General
 John L. GrifHths of Lpndna, who had previously reported upon the matter. 11r1tshes the following statement from a consulting chemist with whom he eoTrAsprnneds 'e AlsiaA- E, bs.Fnpm the nataTe of the process the usef ok blast ssiHTnace slag in a per fectfy liu1in condition comnlste com. binstipn of the acad and basic oxides. namely silica, aaumaraa and lima.f is in- sured, and, in conssQlenre fl might be predicted that the product would be
 free from any tendency to mAchAnicsl
 unsoundness which d6te4 occurs in cements which conf ain, chemical bodies in an unsnturatsd or looealy combined condition. Direct and repeated tests show this to bel the case. aL have no
 instance 4on record ot a, single sample
 which has not rrpred itself to De ab. solutsiy sound. When Tasted tin the
 usual way by ha}hg mede into bri-
 quSttss, both neat and with Sand. it
 has high shd iacreasfng tensile strength. Tests on cDncrete blocks {yhow similar good nssastanoe to com.
 pressfve stresses" T asl
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08
A Fanliy's School Attendance Recosd,

e t~l..
 4 Famliy's 9choot Attendance Record
 Few. families can boast of the tschool a&osndance record of the four children ot ]. R. 5 Daunat& asststan4 everseer q Nswchpxch, 1sls1 of Wizm
 who have been connsc4ed with ths local schooi for 17 ysaTv. "A
 They have attepdeG for an agge' gate of thirty4wo years and one month without n3span8 2 single at tendance, The rethFd 4as ss follows; months; Charlie. .2A N4 fYs months: Neliix,. Esse6s, s Kp3 fSn months, and Ada. etea Ssfs AndsaSs months The schcnIs is about tWc miles from the famt]y,s resid4nce, Afd the distance trayehd by the ddANaa in journeying to and from school M ceeds 3o,oo0 mileS,-London Daily .--sqr, s4s...s-fa IA.
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08
TO TALK ACROSS OCEAN
Transatlantic e. rnuntcation by Tels- phone Is Promtse of
 N Near Future1

!. Tran sa atlantlc c.commi1nidation by tele-
 phone is promise of the near future.
 If the new cable just laid between
 Dover and Cape Gris, Nez, to increase
 the facility of telephonic cOmTnunica-
 tion between England and France,
 performs the wonders expected of 1t,
 some of the difficulties oYbe over
 come in talking across, or under, the
 Atlantic ocean will be removed. We already send the sounds of human speech under the water for tolerably long distances. England talks with
 France and Belgium. tTelephonic
 communication between our mainland
 and islands oil the coast Is in com mon use, and excites no comment though our grandfathers would have considered 1t impossible. The new
 channel cable has a system of coils fwh1th are Sxpectsd to. reducs the dis itortion of, current impulses and mako tho transuission of speech clearer, If the experiment. jp successful, further !imDrovsments in thie system are ex- 'pected to make an ocean telephone cable possibility. 4e,,.ata
 It is not conceivable that ocean tslsphoning will ever be- cheap D To
 talk between Europe and America will likely be. an expensive luxury, but. there will be occasions when the opportunity to do 90 will be eagerly tssized, no matter what it costs. Tho oosan telephone, when it. comes. will scarcely be formidable rival of the cable telegraph and the wireless for the transmission of long messages. But it will be stlll another means of ;obliterating distance. Of overcoming the remoteness of nations, and the Iconsequent lack of mutual under standing which caused many of the in- 'ternatlonal complications of history Science, working for the improve fment of the arts of peace, is doing more to remove the causes of war than the great modern armaments which science has developed can do to make nations hesitate before pfung1ng into war. ~, I
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08
Iil HIM lE. ItLlLIL ] 519L INA tl79HL
 Bad Breath

For months had great trouble with my stomach and used all kinds of medicines. My tongue has been actually as green as grass, my breath having bad odor. Two weeksago friend recommended Cascarets and after using them l, can willingly and cheerfulTy say that they have entirely Cured me. Ithefefore.de let yon know that shall recommend them to any one suffer ing from such troubles" ]" 4 Chas.i H. Hal-' pefn;ast4 E. dthlStss NewoY York; N. Y.l 5, is Do Good. Nevver Sicken. Weaken or Gripe.l 9
 tl0c,,25c, 50c.. Neyer sold h bulk, The gen.
 'idine tablet stamped DC o. Guaranteed to !
 cure or your money back. TT ,sTs 923|
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08
ADDITIONAL LOCAL.

'
 Knox mends shoes cheap. III Walnut street. 76dtf
 I love my 99, but oh! you 1OO
 C. c. s. s. Watch us Grow.
 1t
 We are now doing business on Hazel street. Barker Bros. 83d6
 Our line of Ladies May Man ton and Clover Brand l, E., and 4 strap pumps are hard to dupli- cate. 50 cents cut on each pair this week.-Bowen's s Cash Store. S3d3.
 The many friends of Judge l.. Lippmann regret to learn that he is very i'll with pneumonia at his home at. Tupelo.
 Linen, Valencennes, torchons and Cluney .Laces 5c yard, our special. Corset cover and flounc- ing embroidery at special prices this week.-Bowen's Cash store. S3d3t '
 Mrs. J. M. Henderson went to Diaz this morning to spend the day with Mrs. D, B. Wilmans.
 Mrs. Whorton Arnold and Miss Virginia Morgan of Newark were shopping in our city Tuesday. q
 See us for your spring cleaning and pressing Barker Bros. S3 61
 If you miss it., you miss it7 q Yen Kee Folllards this week at l71ac. per yard. See our window -Bowen's s Cash Store. S3d3 N J. M. Shipp arrived home this morning from Bowling Green, Mo, where he. accompanied the remains of his son Charles, for burial. MT. Shipp has the sym pathy of our people in the death of his son, an excellent young man who was loved by all who knew him.
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08
XII i2B0D Q
N lspirlt Epreps Inl m Frlendl

{ .H0 Spirit Drops InsIm Friend 2 b MT. Andrew gLapg, the eminent es- sayist and critic. relaths curious cir oumstance. which recently happened in a little Scottish town A man was dying. when he suddeniy said. as If
 recognizing some person. 'Eh, yell be frae the Whey Paf?"" He then ex. ,pirsd On inquiry 1t was found that "a man had died. cotoctdentally, at the rural tavern. the Whey Pat. a few
 miles distant! Apparently. after his death he had looked in son hAs friend, who was also about to enter the spirit land.
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08
Foley Kidney pillsIl

Neutralize and remove te K;
 sons that cause backache, rhsn
 matisnn4i, nervousness and ali I;i is 'nneey 'nney and 9bladder Iirregulstitjs' 4.
 They build tip and restore tbe b,! 'tural action of tese vital orsan, w. E. lBvEENs. va
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08
Get i';'I a. !. G|:l!inI!Ilps| {: u Il ssmtfA yse of the 5
 Golden vVes|'

Spend your winter in Califor. mia. Visit the old missions -bask in the bright golden sunshine breathe the sweet summer breezes revel in a bower ofroses and an atmos. phere of romance and en. chantment. Get away from dreary winter into cheery summer. The de luxe trains of the f
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08
.REsdr AHp BtilfH2 TO MOTHER AND CHILD. .

MRS. W1HsLow,s soorHiNa s1RuP has been used for oyer SIXTY YEARS by MILLIONS of MOTHERS for their rlCHIIDREN WHILE
 SOOTHES the CHILD SOFTHNS s the UNSt
 ALI.AYS all PAIN; CURES WIND cOIIC, and is tha best remedy tor UIARRIleEA.I9lt,isa 9lt ,is abr eolutely harmless Be sure and ask for Mrs. Winslow,s Soothing Syrup," and take no other kind. Twenty-Five ceuts a bottle. ~
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08
Joe Bevens is spending the day in Batesville on business.

| in Batesville on business.
 Mrs. M. O. Jones of West Yes |Plaihg Mo- was heresRyesferday Fen route to MelbourIie tQ visit her parents, Mf. and Mrs. B. Baker.
 Mrs. M. F. Hurley, who bought the Whitaker home on Laurel street is making extensive i'm provements and will make that her home after the first of the month.
 Mir. Thomas B. Mcknight, an old and highly respected citizen of Bradford, died March 3 and was buried Saturday, says. the Bald Knob Eagle. n8 g
 Mir. and Mrs. Abe Jolly, who were fnarried at Fulton, Ky, yes terday afternoon, arrived today for a short visit to Jonesboro They will leave tomorrow for Fort Worth, where Abe will join the Panthers in the Texas league Mrs. Jolly Is a very pleasant young woman, and was a Miss Roach of Fulton, Kentucky Y Jonesboro Tribune. vsfT
 Mrs. B. w.. Stainback arrived this morning from Newport,to as; sist Mir. Stainback in getting strengthened out' in their new home. The many friends of this popular couple are delighted to learn that they are to reside here in the future. .77Batesyilleg Guard
 Dr. J. o. Cleveland $ ,autt'orfmrto; utt'orfr bile has duly. aqrri arrived ed .aanfpdqbdis and dis a thing of beauty. The dpcter hafSS already begpqHa to n1plsse1stift pse tift iHbs iinb .llls practice, , and nd fin 5fHilnadsgitTa ggseYadt1 ggeYd1 i'm provement oysraa p yls "a buggy buggy P Paqrft1ic'a- aqft1' larlyy in making aalsiqAgtI5t ltongU country trips, Bald B3aaltdin Knob mob Eagle. aaglle os4od !
 When s you 5 decide dsGt toi ssubblstI lsaIs one of your UT rooms, don't be stins gy with words ''in telling ad-read' CTS what it's like. z
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08
Foley Kidney Pills.

49 Neutralize and remove the pois7 ons that causeqbackacle, rheuma- .tian,l nervousness and all kidney
 and bladder irregularities. They build up and restore the natural
 action of these vital organs.-W. E.. aBEVENS'. ad 4si1 sHs b
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08
[li1efT nana01l q |.
Mrs. Hewlett an Aviator.

Mrs. Maurice Hewlett. wife of the author, is a partner in an aviation school in Brooklands. 3 Her husband says that he is interested in aviation, but has not had time for 1t, but thinks 1t good work for women. I It does not require great strength and as ito is work in the open air must prove bene
 ficial to most women. iisa lf18 1iio
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08

~ Good uHousekeepers Use the .Best!a That's why they use Red
 Cross ball blue. At leading gro Icers, 5 cents. avoI .an3gig .vfag j.
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08
A Mother Safeguard.

Foley's Honey and Tar for the children. .1 Is best and safest for all coughs, colds, cro'uap, r5'a whoop- in ing g cough ana bronchitis! No op- iiatteess.!-W. i ttes! E. BEvENs' .hooss aa
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08
!swsn Get credentiaIs.

3 Mrs. De Butt .tmakings out 2 list of
 invited guests for dinnerl- Can you
 think of any others? ~'s TT Mrs. von Setter There is Mrs. |Kun3bac.
 ] T had thought of her. but she did lnpt try to smu98ae."
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08

Your clothes cleaned and press ed promptly and to your satisfac- ton, Phone 78, Newport Dye & Cleaning, Works. 41btf. I.
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08

{ 9FoleyiIss Honey 4gyoiaal1d+fI and Tar IT. is the best cough remedy I eyer lyl1FFetlf used as it quickly stopped dgaalssyegysee a severe cough ccoulg Il that j. had long long of troubled o'pElfdlf ms3' says J. ". Kuhn, P7rriiInlcfeton, Ne
 braska. Just so quickly and surely it acts in sgtl4ta all eases of
 coughs, colds, Ia grippe and and lung trouble. Refuse substitutes.-W. E.. BEVENS.. .s f5s
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08

.3 You 'dt have to be ssbargain-
 proof" to read the store. ads now
 adays without anys desire, to see and buy. eld .sial iada 4
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08
Coal $500 Fer Ton

sg Isa5Coal $500 Fer Tom. tl
 Until further notice IswiH sell coal for $500 per ton. .IGopd clean coal, noislack. saod 8bsgl 9i 46dtf xisd5 biodW. ID. fMcLain. Z;
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08
"A Cold, aLaGr,ippe,9 Then Pneu Y oA 9iaoa raonia: 19 o5 5n9N n

Is too. often the fatal sequence. Foley Honey and Tar expels the cold, che lagriilpipoe,, iilio , and prevents pneumonia. llii It is is a prompt and reliable cough medicine, that con- tainss no 5 narcotics. It is is as s9 safe for your children as yourselfI sV
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08

c. R. I. {, P. RAILWAY.
 No. SIS tleaavvses Brink1ey1 40 a.m.) arrives pn.s. '. l:15 pm. No. 617 (arrives Brinkley 5 :O0 jp5..m.) departs ' Y =, ,I2:25 pm. No. s6:22 Local aFregiht, arrives on Monday, Wednesday and Fri 2g g4 2TE1ass 3ffIg8lI 3ldo ..nf,, m day at .-.... ...... .A:U :Uop.n. No. 621 Local Fregiht, departs Tuesday, Thursday and Satur- day. I
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08
Rock 's5 Island Line

make the trip q real joy. Every moment one ofshappi- ness amid the environments of superb Pullmans, coy staterooms- -downy berths, a chef whose dishes are a de- light, good books and a jour i neyrthatswill interest you. i'1 Daily via two routes -EI Paso and New Mexico along
 the borders of Old Mexico and through Scenic Colorado Salt Lake. tEk ss s
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08

When you decide to sub-let, one of your rooms, don't be stin- gy ' with words in telling ald.read1 CTS what it's like.
Newport daily independent., 1911-03-08

Knox mends shoes cheap. III Walnut street. 76dtf
 I love my 99, but oh! you 100. ~ ~ c e Watch 11c Grow '
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-10-10
RESERVOIR FOR
ALEWA HEIGHTS

superintendent of Public Works
Marston Campbell announced this
morning that bids would be called for
in a few days for the construction Of
a reservoir on Alewa Heights. The
big underground tank is intended to
carry water that will be piped from
the Nuuanu reservoir, and stored
there so as not only to supply the
Alewa residents with water, but to
increase the head of water and dis
tribute more of the fluid through the
Kalihi Valley district.
The new reservoir will hold 100000
gallons of water and the flow will be
a night and day one. The reservoir
viii form part of both the Alewa and
Kalihi systems, and the latter dis
trict will be much better served when
the new tank is completed
Bids will be invited for the con
of concrete sewers on Queen
and River streets. The contracts for
laying water pipes on Kaimuki hill,
King street and Beretania street will
also be advertised
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-10-10
Kahn Is Keeping One
Promise To Hawaii

Congressman Kahn of California, on
returning home from Honolulu, lost
no time in making good with regard to
at least one friendly assurance of as
sistance to the Territory which he
made here. He declared himself
strongly in favor of agitating fed
eral appropriation for exterminating
the Mediterranean fruit fly in these
islands. The following notice of Mr..
Kahn's return is from the Chronicle:
Congressman julius Kahn, accompa-
MED by his wife and two children, re-
turned yesterday on the Matson liner
Lurline from a months visit to the
Hawaiian Islands. Kahn was quite ill
when he left here, but seemed in fine
health and spirits yesterday. During
his stay in the islands the congress
man was entertained with all the elab-
crate hospitality of Hawaii, being the
guest of Prince Cupid" the Hawaiian
delegate, and Colonel Sam Parker.
The government work, which is go,
ing on at Pearl Harbor, favOrably i'm
pressed the congressman. AS he is on
the military committee of the House,
he was greatly interested in this di-