davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21
MoHAN's RuNalTEM,s.

Z The health of our community IS not
so good at present, as several have
real bad colds. n IL
The protracted meeting closed at
this place last Monday evening, with
twelve conversions. We certainly did
have n wonderful meeting here and
u joyful time. As lEiea 's s55tz
Rey.I. d. S. Cross, our pastor and
Rev. G. W. McKeown left Tuesday
morning, We certainly were sorry to
part with them.
Nathan darlington, Of McClelland,
was visiting here several days this
week. i&-
Mrs. Daisy Hall, Of Downs. was
visiting ut c. H. Shackeiford's n few
days this week. 4 l,., \ n
Leslie Gault was visiting ut J. H.
Wilcox's one evening last week.
. Misses Tessie Gault and Bertha
Taught were yisltlngFat Conrad Flu.
harty's recently.
Rawley Jolitr was visiting on the run
Sunday last. "A a
Riley Looman, Of Warrington, was
visiting his parents, Mr.. and Mrs. o.
iH. Looman Sunday. Il
+ Mrs. ]. R.. Watson, who has been
sick for quite a while, is some better.
y John Talkington. of McC lelland, was
visiting on the run and attended the
meetings. II
Mr.. and Mrs. Mead Looman and
family We're visiting atgAlr. Moses Loo
mans Sunday. y:
\ As there is not much news to Fre-
port, from this part at present. ~ will
close and try to do better next time.
Wishing success to the paper. Ire-
main, Y
III II n osEBU
si,hacrr,,y,a yor n 4 Il l, Il,
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21
P|YR0GRAPBgSI1L[|.
I.lRQ'PU[AB''.FI B''
Leaf her and ID w God Article:
4 Decorated in Novel and
Quaint D esigns.s

8yiT7TH the introduction Of 4,
wv; needle or pen that may be d,
tached to the gas burner
typography, that; popn1arsfad. ha,
sprung into fresh favor, and 1.-THE ARA,
OF articles to be 5burnedlii III decoratfy,
designs IS growing daily. iEi.
THE ye:y latest Of these are alread,
carved, and the burned design addet
to this lends a richness and beaut,
that isfunique. I
Leather articles, while more Difficult
to work on, are, even more iattractiy,
than the wooden ones, and pillow
covers. table centerpieces and man,
household articles may easily be mad
by the Topographic giri.t
Velvet and cloth may also be burned
/ in quaint designs II the pyrographel
lis a clever one, and is careful not t
allow the hot point OF the pen o.
needle to penetrate through the ma
ateriaL & vi Z
Attractive s; ~. III.
Handbags. Il; slll5 y
Velvet is especially pretty burned
this way, and the designs may even b.
seen In hats and other articles. o
wearing apparel, although handbag,
are the most popular. 2 ,s;s z
Many children pare expert In tht,
novel 1art. andgsaye all their penne,
TO purchase articles Ito burn. o
course, these come with the desig,
stamped, and 1T Is not very Difficult
for even the very smallest folks to fol
low the lines ofsthe designs. 4 e.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21
EARN YOUR CHILD's X.
an, NV Fsst FRIENDSHIP,

lhe laLner does not pause to cor
slider that o respect on both, sides 10
the individuality OF each Is the requ.
site condition OF friendship. He ha
expected his child to conform ID hi
point Of view; and its indivlduaIlt.
has been Threatened from the begin
ming. No sane person chooses hi
oppressor for his friend. Having al
tanned adolescence, the child escape
from the dominion Of his parents a
from bonds. Why should the col
remain III the pasture when the bar
are down? ~ NJ
But IL the wise parent has begu,
early and allowed the child a. choic,
OF rattles; II he has remained Wig,
lantly in the background and De,
9mitted his child to occupy the cente.
OF It's own stage; if2he has protected
/. It's play, not ordered ItE-for who cal
splay 70 order?-and II he has see,
that itsfwork falls In lines tor which
the chAds temperament is native
then at the crucial period the you'll
< will conduct himself as d self.direct
ed individual, and not as runawa
\ slayeN /, z' ti '.ilsi
&As a matter Of fact, the chit
whose play with fire has been Nh
obtrusiyely supervised. not arbi
trarily'prohibited. is the least likel:
to he fatally burnt. The boy who's.
finger Is allowed to be harmlessl.
cut knows better than to play Will
knives. The parent is In positio,
to point out.the law and Its violation
He is the child's ready sympathize,
not an instrument OF Irrelevan,
punishment. t.5'5jlf 7.g
Blessed Is that parent OF WHOM
the adult child remembers no powei
OF 1.-the lash, no ban OF empire! sucl
a one may gaze down the vista Of hi,
child's past with only grateful recol
iectfons of his own too brief sojourl
with the zest and surprise of the be
ginning. Why do parents neglect
when they esum up their later disap
po!ntments,s to remember how keen
y they enjoyed those early yenrs?
\ The youth turns to his parent a.
naturally Us the plant turns to til,
light. He realizes that he Is but (,
drummer boy In the great army o.
workers, and this veteran by his sid,
Is his loved counselor and friend, Il,
whose willing eyes he has read sine,
the beginning liberal comprehen
sion Of his need. M E
4 Such parent does rot now expec
to absorb the growing youth. He /:
not wounded ut the lads insistenc.
upon seeing with his own eyes, hear,
Ing with his own ears, and speakin,
with his own mouth. son the con
trary, knows that for this cause
We're we given individual members
And even as the child came to hin
with. Its earliest confidence, the
youth VIII come to him now, regard
ing as his dearest privilege the RICH.
TO stand by his parents side in the
sacred time of sunset. This gray
haired man is he who gave him life
who protected his youth and made /,
now possible for him to stand mar
among men. TO him the child give.
his friendship because he already
has 1t. Such a parent VIII never be
deserted at the crossway Of adde's.
cence. nor disappointed in grown-ut
children.-Lippincott's. 81
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21

The health Of our community is good
at present. 4, ..t.,
Miss Jocie B. Morgan was calling at
Mrs. Rose Watson's Sunday afternoon.
Mrs. Ella Vance has been visiting
friends at Morgantown returned home
Sunday. ~ ~
& Mr.. Atha Vangllder was calling at
Mr.. Fl. L. Vangilder's Monday.
Raymond Dillon was in Fairmont
Tuesday. " 1852
( Mr.. Dayton Grub. the famous
skunk hunter and trapper, was at
meeting at Mt. Sharon Sunday and
Monday night. f 1865 5.as5..
The gold question has died down at
Forkshurg and. the boys say 1t was a
well Won battle. 80 i
Miss Olive and Cassie vangilder re.
turned home from Enterprise satur.
day. q II TIA
/, Bailey Morgan was shopping in Fair.
mont. Saturday. .t's
John Vance, was visiting at Freeman
Vangiller's Sunday; i ~ Z, ' .s4,s5' j Z.
Z The protracted meeting at Mt She.
ron is In progress ut present. There Is
good attendance. We9hope to see still
greater crowds attend the meeting
Every one invited. We will close for
ithisgtlme, hoping success to. the paper.
81 TADPPoLB. h;
- WI
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21
Oil and Gas Le:as;e.Is...

Nineteen oil and gas leases were
Yesterday filed with the county CLERK
for recording byEs the Hope Natural
Gas Company. The leases were six
In Winfield. four in Pawpaw, two in
Warrington and one. in Union dis.
ltrlcts. IA s;sj,5 4,
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21
BASKET BALL.

Fairmont High school basket ball
team has no trouble in defeating the
PIT Marion High school: on the Y. NJ.
g. A. floor last evening. The games
was farce, as the visitors were no
match for the locals. The final score
was 6S to Is in favor Of Fairmont.
The indoor baseball game proved
interesting and pleased the large
crowd out.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21

TO wear WITH. plain or embroider.
ed linen collars or with fancy lace
stocks there are many pretty jaho'
bows now offered. The Persian
note Is strong In these bows. being
used US pipings. borders, ETC. tIi,.t
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21
4 A BAD ID. COLDS G.
EASILY BROKEN
sURELY,cUREs.A COLD AN ENDS
GRIPPE MISERY IN "A FEW
HOURS. 5s3 s n

There is not one grain OF qalnlne
in Pape's Cold Compound, which, when
taken every. two hours, until three
consecutive doses are taken, will sure.
" end the grippe and break up the
most severe cold, either In the head,
chest, back, stomach or limbs.
1t promptly relieves the most mis-.
cradle neuralgia pains. headache, dull.
ness, head and nose stuffed up, fever.
ishness, sneezing, sore throat, running
Of the nose. catarrhal affections, sore
ness, stiffness and rheumatic twinges.
q Pape's Cold Compound is the re-
suit OF. three years research at cost
Of more than fifty thousand dollars,
and contains no quinine, which We
have conclusively demonstrated is not
effective in the treatment Of colds or
grippe. /. 4 IL,
Take this harmless Compound as
with the knowledge that
there is no other medicine made any
where else in the world which will
cure your cold or end Grippe misery,
as promptly and without any other as.
sistanee or bad aftcr.efrects as q %
cent package Of. Pape's Cold Com
pound, which any druggist In the
world can supply. T l.ss. II
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21

Twenty tons Of ostrich feathers
valued at more than 100000, wert
recently carried by the Mauretanla
to New York. 4, 4 "A;
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21
De eds Recorded.

SSsao pssE
Deeds were yesterday received at
the office Of the county clerk4fo re.
cording as follows: 81
4 George w Henderson and wife to
Charles D. Davis a parcel of8land in
the Boyersi addition, to the city Of Fair.
mont. Consideration. sI573. &
q John w. Mason and wife. to William
H. shaffer a parcel Of land in the,
Mason addition to the city OF Fair.
mont. Consideration $3.50.
2ebedee =. Batson and wife to An.
ma Il. Batson, "a padcel OF land in the
Burt addition to the town of Man.
nington. Consideration, $500.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21

John p Turke lson, Pastor. sun
day school lat $3.50. Let all remember
that we begin on time. Morning de.
yoaon 1o:45; sub3ec God Loves Men
a ais He Loves His Own Son; r $50 c, p.
Society: Z: 80, song service; 7:45,
preaching, subject "The Three Com.
mandments,'t followed by alter service.
We invite all to worship with US.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21

When a woman sees a man or a,
the train she thinks she is making 4
real fuss over him. y
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21
Chapel Exercises.

Chapel Exercises.
Very Interesting chapel exercises
were held yesterday morning at the
First ward school. Rev. Bowers was
present and gave an excellent talk
which was greatly enjoyed by both
teachers and pupils.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21
! M. E. Sunday School,

Ss M. e. Sunday School. II
All members of the Diamond Street
n. z. Sunday school are requested to
be present Sunday morning: The
members m Of the Sunday school choir
are especially urged to be present.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21
QUIET DELE !:

Il The health Of the yicinitg;is:impr
Ing. No new cases Of sickness 10 Id. 4
port. h Il
81 The Rev. Ira Davis; the blind minis.
ter, will preach at, Quiet Dell February
the s. 1911. n
The protracted meeting at Gladly
Greek, conducted by Rev. Neptune. Us
still progressing.
" Mr.. Noah Tough, one among the
oldest men OF our community I died.
Monday, January 4 Q. The funeral
VIII besheld at Silent Grove; Barbour
county, Wednesday the 18th. ut Id
O'clock.
i M MARTHA u RUDY. 81
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21
Baltimore &0hio Railroad
,ioFFIclAL ssc 81 81 4
5sDlly. xDaily except Sunday. Sun.
n 81 day only.
FAIRMoNT, WA.

y. N; e Al RiNoNT, W. VA u.
Schedule Corrected to. Nov. 27, 1910 4
u ( Il East Bound,
4 For WASHINGTON ON, BALTIMORE,
PH1LADEhPHIA.an and NEW YORK,
;ss No. ~ is o. am.;; No. IA, H. IS D..
in.; NO. 4, rs: 50 p. m. local to Graf:
scIM1ERLAND, Acc COM, No. 6, 700
l1RAFTo Acc COM. No. q. .1o:51 a.
M Y q Y
Sgestbound.
For ! GIilcAGo. Eyia PITTsBURG,
Fl: 80 gp.5 m. 4 4 n
For OLUMBUs and CHICAGO. No.
s2::25t a. m; No. II, ts1:25I p. m.
For WHEELING Ct No. z, }a2:25 a., M;
No o. q. m. (local) No. II,
1875 .. m. local No. IS, 5000
MonongaF, Division.
4 For CLsARkSBURG G, leave No. q, x7.20.
d M: No. 4, x9: As p. M; arrive, No.
n :05E q. M; No. s., x4: 15Pp..m.
FaIrmonts MorgantoWn and Pittsburg.
q Eot CONNELLSv1LLEF and PITTS.
BURG leave, No. /, IS: 90 a. M No.
3; ~: "a. M; No. So, leave 1870 p.
"a. daily No. 50, arrive, 10:30 a.
rn; except Sunday; No. 81 I. $3.50,
Except Sunday p. M; No. 2, x7 40
III ms; Mo- rs: $40 p. m. 5 No. 6Si !10:05
sof II \. MORO NTowN, leave, No. 6,
q $500 p. ri. J; arrive; No. 50, 1850 p.
n o.,.,,. ~, Is :, n.L, TX
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21
Vital Statistics.

Vital Statistics. ys;sA5i ~
& Birth and death certificates were,
yesterday filed with the county clerk
for recording as follows: 4 q,
DE- J. McCue Bowcock, two birth.
and one death certificates. n 4
Drs Jamisop one birth and one
death; certificate. {; 1.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21

ssspeeiai sale % Rugs and RoskeFsf
Il \. |. snldsr's q day.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21

YOUNG MAN--;Wanted Ia invest
$1,000 and services IN connection
wtth;a reliable manufacturing Gon,sI
anany, soon can locate In iori near
Fairmont. proposition will pay over:
$1,000 a @eek. the manager Of the !
company Will beat the Manleys 10.
tel Saturday, Sunday and Monday.
Please call for$particulars any time
during the day or evening. ASK sto
/ see Mr.. Fessler. B 5ls:S II
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21

sEtoY-Wanted boy s16Iyears orImore
70 deliver and 1help, about jstore. Ap.s
\ ply Box 80, Virginian office. x
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21

Furnished rooms good enough, for
yoll;---are advertised today. \ H
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21
PILES cuRED!!N,ss 10 1T DAYS. =, ! /.

cure any case Of Itching, Blind. Bleed.
ing or Protrlding Piles In o. to ia days
or money refunded. 60c.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21

L !. to buy aboutR2 .acress
:of3land. within z orr jmilesI u Fair
mont, Address Box b N ---7this of.
n flee. I; 4. iSissI I "
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21

III FRESH COUNTRY BUTTER AND
EGGS ALWAYsSAT Z. i. BRENNEN'st
GRO Gerry, $50 MAIN Il STREET.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21
MARTHA i RUDY

Want nd Rising finds the finders
and Introduces chem Al the losers of /
nos u q sthe lost things IN His civ.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1911-01-21

First m. {. cbur.elh,,.
60 aSsssIszs.:!ssss.s!ssssssl

!
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-29
JOHN F. GARLAND

ciate justice of the territorial supreme
court which office lie resigned i'm l>>.' To
become member of the constitutional
convention which framed the constitution
for North Dakota. He was chairman of
the committee on judiciary of that con-
vention. O.. the admission of North and
South Dakota as states John Garland
removed To Sioux Falls. S. d.. where
he engaged in the practice of law
until 1896. when he was appointed United
States judge for the district OF South
Dakota. which office he was holding at
the time he was selected by President
Taft for. one of the associate Justices of
the new Court ef Commerce Judge Car
land married. Miss <>loertine knaacE at
Bismarck. \. D., in 1884.
the Court of Commerce, was born in San
Francisco. July H. 1896 but shortly after
his birth his parents removed to cinrin-
natl where young Mack received the
usual common school education. From
1884 to 1857 he attended the Harvard
Law School. where he ranked as the best
orator of the class. He was the holder
Of the Parker fellowship from Harvard
University in 1SS7-lSgO. and studied at
the Universities Of Berlin and Leipzig.
lie was admitted to the bar of Ohio and
Illinois and the United States courts in
1880 and Dracticed law in chicago from
1870 to l9ir:. when he was appointed civil
service commissioner for the city of Chi
cago. Shortly after this. in 1904 Mr..
Mack was elected Judge OF the juvenile
court. and later assigned To the appellate
court. first district of Illinois
From 1919 TO 1862 he held the chair of
law at the Northwestern University Law
School, and also in the Law University
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-29
NJ II.
JULIAN WMAcK

William TT. Hunt who was a member OF
the bar of New Orleans for many years.
attorney general OF Louisiana, judge OF
the United States Court of Claims III
Washing ton, Secretary of the Navy under
President Garfield and ambassador to
Russias where he died in 1854 William
H. Hunt ir.. began his early education
in the Hopkins Grammar School in New
Haven. Conn, and entered Yale with the
class of IS. He was not in robust health
at the time he entered upon his college
career, and after d short while his health
broke down and he was compelled 10
give up his studies for awhile. but III
1896 he was awarded the honorary de-
gree of master of arts by the Yale Uni
NerSify.
After leaving college young Hunt took
q course in the law school of the NJ
NerSity of Louisiana and then removed
to Montana. in 1873. After several years
of law practice at Fort Benson. Mont, in
1881 he was appointed collector of Gus
toms by President Garfield.
In 1854 he was elected a member OF
the convention to frame constitution
for the new state OF Montana. and serve
until January, 1856. when he moved I,
Helena. Mont. He was member of the
legiSlatur of thu territory of Montana
in 1SSs. and upon the admission of til"
territory az Il state in 1889 was elect Il
Judge Of the ti.s judicial district courl
of the new state. In 1892 he was re-
elected judge Of thu distrct court for
four wears In 1874 he was elected as
sociate justice of the state supreme court,
where lie served until jun, 1900, when
he was appointed first secretary Of the
Island of Porto Rico by President Nc
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-29
MARTINI A.KNAPP

or. less arteries of the country, over which
the bread and butter of every person
living in the United States must pass.
and tie freight rates on this bread
and butter are high low. thus becoll-
ing a factor il the increase OF decrease
OF the cost Of living. IT is a matter of
vital interest TO every man. woman and
child in the country, and it will he seen
that the work of the new court will be
Of the greatest importance
Because CT the vital ant! fa--reaching
questions in which every section Of the
country has a stake. and because IN"
decisions Of the five men who are the
members of this court viii affect whole
zones OF trade and productivity. the per-
sonaiitieS OF the men on whose decision
depends 50 much will be Of interest All
sections and Viewpoints of the country.
north south. east and west mingle in
the persons Of the members Of the court.
AZ chief justice of tie court. Martin \.
KNAPP, formerly chairman Of the inter
state commerce commission. was selected
~ tho i. csIent TO look at Judge
knaIp one would scarcely realize that
he had been born on farm and had
worked on Il from earliest boyhood. His
father was justice of the peace. and
was poor IL cSerEtnin. except children.
The who's. career Of Judge Knapp has
been one of hard work from the time ne
first went to school up 10 the present.
-:
Martin Knapp first entered the acad
envy at Homer y. y. at the age Of sew
entecn. but after remaining two years at
the academy ne found il necessary to
earn some money. so he became a teacher
IN small country school He was oriei-
naly Intended fer the ministry by his
family, but Martin thought differently.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-29
ROBERT WARcHbALD

of Chicago from the time that school wa,
established in INt. up To the present. oi
March .. 1895. he married Miss Jessli
Fox. and has one child. Judge Mack il
deenly interested in al phiianthroph
movements being president of iht
League for Protection of Immigrants
and also president OF the milk commits
sion OF Chicago.
Robert w. Archibald. associate justic,
of the new court. was born at Carbondala
Pa, September 10. 1SiS. lie WAS an 4. Is
Yale man of the class Of 1871. After
leaving college he studied law al Scram
ton in the office of Hand x Post, ant
then entered on the practice of his pro
fession. lie was appointed additional Law
Judge i'm 1851 and served in this capactt,
until 1855. when he WAS made presiding
Judge which position he held at the tim
he was selected by President Taft as
ii-s,ice of the new Court of Commerce.
Jucge Archibald married Miss Elizabeth
Il. Cannon of oxford, y. y. January Il
1873
II is understood to he the intention 4,
enlarge the jurisdiction of the Court
Commerce as soon as Congress can be pre-
va led upon To enact The necessary legtS
iation. 50 that its work will he EXTENDED
ultimatelv into TWO rev fields. that OF Ia,
control of the issue OF stocks and bondi
by the railroads and the physical yalua
ton of railroad properties. This VIII ~
turn present many novel and difficult
questions for the new court to solve. IL
short. il is proposed that whatever law
have been or may hereafter toe enacted
under the commerce clause of the Constb
tuition, whether relating to railroads o.
other corporal tons doing Interstate bust
ness. will be required To be determined
exclusively by'tha commerce court.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-01-29

money. VI last the Engiishman, whose
trencA was not fluent, asked what the
man wanted. 'Jc yeux ma mise. ie veUx
mn mise shouted the latter. and il was
explained that he wanted his stake. /
sGpI oSe hc does said the player, but
! wish VOC weud tel him that | don't
want liz e-ions. 'fhc Casino is quite
remains ! human weakness. 1t is all foi
the stake. but i doesn't want the garlic
OF politics.
And yet politics has taken root sud
denly in tie principality and has flour
ished Ike the green bay tree. A few
days ate. tie expulsion of King Manuel.
rom Por; lgai "a short telegram appeared
in the papers announcing that the Prince
of Monaco had granted; constitution to
his people, but the world had SO much
else 70 think about at the time. what
with reat revolutions aad elections ana
murG erers that the few who realized that
another revolution had been accomplished
smiled and forgot about il. But the reo-
pie of Monaco were In grim earnest, and
full OF tfei. own Importance, too. They
acclaimed OF liberty and the rights OF
man, and al one time they even whis-
pered Of bombs" \ year ago they asked
for II municipal council.
Prince alhert let them have it. 1t was
big enough 10 govern tie state twice over,
bat they weren't content. They asked for
u national couacii arr: constitution.
Naturally the prince thought they were
going too fast and asking too Eiuch. amt
he refused They demanded. He said.
wait Then they threatened force and