davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1911-08-17
SCATTERED SHOTS

spring and promised to desert it, but
big business has compelled the old
party funkies to throw their pro-
tectinS arms around it.
The masses were deceived because
all members of congress-. save Victor
Berger. were working in the interest
of the rich and against the poor
This latest treachery on the part of
the alleged servants of the people is
pregnant with priceless lessons of the
t%hinkable. and the moral is ELECT
FIFTY SOCIALIST CONGRESSMAN
IN 1912
Honesty when not tempered with
consistency is little better than dis
| honesty. The truth of this * being
clearly proven by the new editor OF
| the West Union Recor who has
started out to ~''renovate the Demo
cratic party" He is fiayingg Watson
and Chiffon unmercifully. but never
mentions the system under which
such men and the methods they EN-
ploy are necessary He goes to the
other ridiculous extreme by defend
ing some OF the advisers and kept
creatures of Watson on a recent is
sue speaking of the Fairmont pluto
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1911-08-17
THE BILLION NEWSpaper
(By Carl Sandburg.)

Is your brain in good working or
der? Are o ready to take hold of
a big. powerful idea?
II so. then look for a at
these figures.
In a magazine article, Col. Chas.
H. Taylor, of the Boston Globe.
makes the estimate that in one wear
the total circulation of the news
naDers OF the United States was not
less than 10 OOO.OOO.O 900 copies,
Ten billion newspapers in one
year with facts and thoughts and pic
lures and impressions in them.
Ten billion newspapers telling the
people what to think and what not
to think. Ten billion
that enter the very brain and lives
and acts of the people.
Ten billion newspapers crammed
and packed with colored and shaded
statements. with poisoned and per-
verted information.
The knowledge and opinions of the
people. the very brain life of the
masses of people, controlled by a
Master Glass! ~
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1911-08-17
ANNOUNCEMENT.

Ii page draws attention to firms
In a variety of enterprises who APP
preclate the patronage of union men
and their friends and are willing to
opera with hem in supporting
their institutions. 1t is but Just to
give them a fair share of your pat
ronage. In doing so you will also
do yourself and your paper a good
turn if you tell them you appreciate
their cooperation. They are all
well known, thoroughly established
and reliable, II their integrity and
squhre dealing in trade is q
toned.
Good.N square legitimate business
dealing in the buying and selling of
both merchandise and labor, is what
labor organizations ask, and all that
any business man should ask. We
nave aimed to secure only the cards
OF business men who believe in and
practice such a policy, for this, as
well as the other pages and think
those here represented will measure
up to the standard.
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1911-08-17
THE JUDGES WORK.

Judges today are almost wholly
concerned with two kinds of work.
one is to try to cases at law which
grow ont of private property reIa-
lions. When two property holders
quarrel about a piece of property
they go to court in order to have the
night settled as cheaply as possible.
Another function of the court is to
sit in Judgment on and determine the
punishment of such of the poor as
may have been guilty" of disre-
spect for private property. OF course.
everybody now knows that the rich
Offenders purchase this Justice"
while poor offenders get it present
ed to hem. Do the starving poor
take food? They are sent to Jail. Do
they strike for more -wages2 They
are dubbed. shot or imprisoned. Such
Is the nature and purpose of the po-
litical government today."-From
industrial Socialism," by VIM. D..
Haywood
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1911-08-17
crat. he asks 'Laboring men of West

crat. he asks 'Laboring men of West
Virginia. Will YOU endorse a man who
hounded Tou and placed man. of you
in prison for exercising the rights of
Tree men? Will You cast your votes
to put in the United States Senate a
man h a an old gray haired wo-
man arrested and hailed before 4
federal judge for p~eaceably pleading
the cause of organized abor??
The odd grey haired man was
mother Jones. and it is true tina:
she was 'halod before a federal
Judge" by Watson. It is also true
that she was prosecuted by Congress-
man John w Davis. Of the first dis
trict. but the Recor scribe never
asks the voters if they are going to
retire him to private life. 1t is
known of all that Watson possesses
very inferior intellect and that Davis
as his trusted counsel. is largely re-
spCnsible for Watsons high-handed
business
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1911-08-17
(By o. H. AHkinSon..)

10y ". II. AChlllSoll.'
TIE Socialists put this qut stioon
: .trr Hp to the maSSes:: PRT VATE
MONOPOLY OR PUBLIC MON OPO-
ll WHICH? There is no III iddle
= Quad. To this We have con at
.. the plain choice between Or gan
<'l Dollar mt Organized Men.
Many Democrats who have more
parts loyalty than intelligence pro-
20 be surprised that congress; Is
. "'' to adjourn without doingg any
.nt in the interest of the working
. If these simple Simons could
Induced to indulge in n little
IT.. ing hey could plainly see Ehat
.-r"ss Is not at fault. a aiing
'r" national platforms of both the
.' PARTIES will not reveal a single
.. mise of relief for those who bear
nrunt of labor and create the
.t..h OF the nation
side from n few cheap compli-
MS 20 labor the work people were
"lE ignored. so why then should
"X2"ct anything at the hands of
n enimies? 1t is true that Bill
II. the father of injunctions, pre-
ended to be ashamed of his Off
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1911-08-17
Before We can answer one lie

before We can answer one lie
with u weekly paper a dozen
others have zee started.
You can help in this situation.
fou can help in this situation. You
can 90 your share toward getting a
battery started that will answer shot
lor shot the attacks on the Milwau-
kee Socialists.
A daily newspaper will be started
mere when 500 OO0 has been raised
oi this amount nearly $4,000 has
been subscribed in ten dollars
bonds.
In charge of the bond sale is H
w. Bistorius, Brisbane Hall, Mil
waukee Wis Write him about it.
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1911-08-17
MORE THAN THAT.
did they water the stodckq.

d they water the stodck?"
it"
n plasters of Fort Wayne.
came to an agreement with their
employers, getting SO cents per day
increase.
n Structural: Iron Workers at
Cleveland. Ohio. have gained an in
crease in wage from $3.50 to $500
for eight hours.
Its mighty nice to sit around the
nome hearth and talk Socialism.
But don't let it end there! Talk it
everywhere.
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1911-08-17
UNION ROSTER

TATE FEDERATION OFFICERS.
! President, w. F. WEIGH, 24o7 Eof
street, Wheeling, w. Va.
Secretary-Treasurer. Frank w Snv-
der, p O.. Box 956, Charleston. w. Va.
DISTRICT NO. IT. U. NJ. w. of A.
President, Ben Davis, Smith Build
ing, Charleston, w. Va.
Secretary-Treasurer, Benz. f. Nor
ris, Smith Building, Charleston, w. Va.
TYPOGRAPHICAL UNION.
President. w. P. Campbell.
Secretary-Treasurer, Mrs. Frank
Snyder, 1871 Washington street.
Meets last Saturday in each month
at /. o. O.. f. Hall.
PRESSMEN'S UNION.
President. Harry l.. High Mail
office, Kanawha street.
Secretary-Treasurer, Miss Ola Fish
er, Mcclure & Fishers.
Meets last Monday night in each
month in the l.. O.. o. F. Hall.
MUSICIANS UNION.
President, Omar Morgan.
Secretary-Treasurer, Rube Blumen-
berg
Meets first Sunday in each month In
the I. O.. O.. f. Hall.
CARPENTERS.
President, ]. H. Cain.
Secretary, n. S. Starks, 1850 Wash
ingtcn street.
Meets every Friday night at 1. o. o.
f. Hall.
DECORATOR AND PAPER HANG
ERS UNION.
President. ChaS. Eagler.
Secretary-Treasurer, w. F. LOOMS.
Meets every Friday night in the /
o. o. f. Hall.
PLASTERS UNION.
President, j.. d.. DonnalIy.
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES, j.. A.. Barley,
No. 3 Cottage Place.
Meets every "Wednesday night at the
Plasterer's Hall. o u Capitol street.
BAR TENDERS UNION.
President Dan Montague.
Secretary. j.. l.. Pauley.
Meets every second and fourth Sun
day in the month. Plasterer's Hall,
2OS " Capitol street.
BRICKLAYERS UNION.
President, Sam Boyd
Secretary. Billy Martin.
Meets every Tuesday night at 2OSE
Capitol street.
JOuRNEYMEN TAILORS UNION.
President, E. II. Thomas, Schwabe &
Mays.
Secretary, II. Hiebel, Schwabe &
Mays.
Meets first Monday each month Mac
cabee Hall.
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1911-08-17

Oh. We'll, 1t was better. after all,
for the peers TO surrender some po-
litical power than have the Ameri-
can market flooded with five humid
red new lords.
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1911-08-17
We seek justice and fight injustice.

we seek free labor and fight wabe-
slavery. We seek peace and order
and combat the murder of people,
the Class War and Social Anarchy.
William Liebnecht.
The labor argus. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1906-1915, 1911-08-17

i "Troops May Curb Strikes is the
headline or London dispatches. How
familiar that line seems.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1911-06-10
BUSINESS MADE DICKINSON QUIT

|. WASHINGTON, ID, -, May 20
General acceptance IL given in WASH
ington to the ascribed causes that i'm
PEELED Secretary Dickinson to resign
the war portfolio Mr., Dickinson him
self and persons about the President
whose trustworthiness AZ informants
must be accepted. insist that the sec
retary's sole reason for leaving the
cabinet Is the condition of his private
interests In Tennessee, His personal
fortune. which is not large, is almost
wholly invested in coal properties In
Tennessee. These holdings are now
imperiled. and II his savings and in
vestments are not to be lost, Mr., Dick
inson must give them his personal at
tention to the exclusion of everything
else. He viii leave Washington as soon
as Mr.. Stimson can come over to be
sworn in, which viii be probably on
next Monday,
The sequel TO Mr. Dickinson's resig-
nation, the appointment OF Henry L..
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1911-06-10
AMERICAN DENTISTS MAY
PRACTICE IN TRANSVAAL

Before the Boer War Americans
possessing diplomas from American
dental colleges were admitted Ia
practice In the Transvaal although
they were not admitted In the other
South African colonies. After British
occupation of the Transvaal American
diplomas were not recognized, and
American dentists who had not prac-
ticed In that colony previous to the
war were not permitted to practice,
The following proclamation, No. 11i9,
has now been published In the Union
Gazette of December 20, 1910:
His excellency the governor general
In council has been pleased, In terms
of section three of act No of 1909
tTransvaaD to prescribe that the de-
gree OF doctor of dental medicine OF
the University of Harvard United
states of America, having a curricu-
lum and standard of examination not
lower than that prescribed by tho
General Council Of Medical Education
and Registration of the United King
dom, shall entitle the holder thereof
being such person as Is described
In section two OF that act, to make
application for registration ms n dem
list In the Transvaal.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1911-06-10

Stmson as his successor, and the ST.
multaneous naming of Charles S. Mil
lington of Utica TO be assistant treas
'urer at New York, has given politicians
here material for much surmise, gossip
and speculation, Until they could alb
solutely verify for themselves that the
ascribed reasons were the real reasons
for Secretary Dickinson's resignation,
many of them were inclined to believe
that the change In the cabinet was a
political preliminary to the next Re-
publican national convention.
Taft Made Wise Move.
Undeniably Mr., TAFT has strengthen
ed his political fences by the appoint =
ment of MIR. Stimson. Many inhuen-
tial men In the national councils of
the Republican party have resented the
presence of Mr., Dickinson, an avowed
Democrat, In President Tafts cabinet.
While Mr., Dickinson was not handi-
cap to the administration, az Secretary
Ballnger was handicap, naturally he
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1911-06-10

make Mr. SimsOn his INST choice,
Meantime he had not said word about
the matter to anyone; not even to mem
Beers of the cabinet. When he decided
to invite Mr.. Stlmson to enter his cab
met he consulted the other members
of the cabinet, and Senator Root of
New York and Senator Crane of Mas
sachusctts, These were the only per-
sons whose advice was asked, and they
were not consulted until Mr.. TAFT had
made up his mind definitely.
Stimson Taken unawares.
Then the President asked Mr., Hilles
to go over to New York and make a
formal tender of the place to Mr.. slim
son, Until Mr.. Hilles appeared in his
Office on Thursday morning of this
week MIR. Stimson had no idea that
there was to be vacancy In the cabi-
net, and that he was to be invited to
I'LL H. lie told Mr., Hillea that he would
have to consult -four persons; his law
partner, his wife, his father, and COL
onel Roosevelt Mr.. Stimsons father
was at sea, but was caught by Wire
less He ana the others including
Colonel Roosevelt, advised Mr. Slim
.son to accept the Presidents tender
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1911-06-10

has not been a source of political
strength. There was much criticism of
Mr.. Taft when he made up his cabinet
without regard to political considera-
tions and without any attempt to
choose men who would add political
strength To his administration. How
ever, II liz so definitely iterated and
reiterated this afternoon that political
considerations did not undCrlic Mr..
Dlckinson's retirement that the cXpla-
nations given must he accepted.
Taft Soon Picked Stimson.
President TAFT has known for two
weeks that Mr. Dickinson desired 10
retire when the secretary of war had
told the President IN great detail of
the conditions of his private affairs
that impcllcd him 10 leave Washing
ton, Mr.. Taft reluctantly acknowledged
the validity OF his reasons He set
about picking another secretary of war
without consultation or advice. MIR,
Stmson was ono Of the first names
that occurred to him Another was
otto Bannard of New York city There
was at least one other name under con-
sheraton IN Mr. Tafts mind,
II did not take the President long to
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1911-06-10

The Esqumaux win not allow their
women To use tobacco in any form.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1911-04-13
ECZEMA (URED.
Pimples Disappear and Complexion
Cleared Overnight.

New York. Thousands are taking
advantage of the generous offer made
by The Woodworth Co. 1161 Broadway,
New York City requesting an expert
mental package of Lemoh the new
skin discovery, which is mailed free of
charge to all who write for 1t. 1t alone
is sutllcienti to clear the complexion
over night and rid the face of pimples
in few hours. On the first applica-
tion of Lemola the itching will stop.
1t has cured thousands afflicted with
Eczema, ,ITeeters, Rashes, Itchings, IT.
ritations, Acmes, Scalings and Crust
ing Of skin, scalps of infants, children
and adults. 1t is good for the preser-
walton and publication of the skin,
scalp, hair and hands for the preven-
tion of the clogging Of the pores the
usual cause of ipimples, blackheads,
redness' and rougbness and also the
treatment of burns, scalds, wounds,
sores, chapplngs as we'll as the toilette
and nursery.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1911-04-13
HARRISBURG.
April 10, 1911.

April 10, 1911.
G. W. Sanders sold his tobacco and
delivered it at Winchester last week.
Mrs. Chas. Euverard and daughter,
of Maple Grove, visited her brother, G..
T.. Harris, last Thursday.
The sick are Mrs. j. o. Harris and
@. K. Harris.
Miss Daisy Robbins is the guest of
]. o. Harris and family.
Carey Emery and G. ID. Vance at
tended the Mace sale at Fairfax last
Tuesday.
Arbor day was observed here Friday
by the school In setting out trees and
other appropriate exercises. A number
of visitors we're present and all report
an evening well spent.
j. r. Vance and wife left Saturday
morning for their home In Dayton.
Reece Roberts, of New Market,
made pleasant call here Friday.
The weather has been so wet and
bad that the farmers are looking blue.
Wilbur Harris, of Lumberton, visit
cd his father here Thursday.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1911-04-13

Nathan Bales, of Prospect, was a
guest of w. II. Hughes Sunday.
Clarence Stratton, of Hillsboro,
spent Sunday with his mother.
Ellsworth Vance and family, of
Highland, visited his parents here
Sunday.
VIM. McConnaha, of Hillsboro, made
a business call here Monday.
Miss Mary Browning, who has been
visiting her grandparents here for the
past month, returned to her home in
Columbus Sunday.
Aunt Lib Vance entertained to
dinner Sunday A. M. Roush and wife,
Of New Market, l.. O. Vance and wife,
of Hillsboro, Mrs. ID. W. Emery and
daughter, of Point Victory, j. c..
Vance and wife, @. d. Harris and
wife and Mrs. Annie Eakins and
daughter, Grace, and son, Ellsworth.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1911-04-13
Why HousekeeperS Should Vote.

"As housek. eper, have waged i'm
cessant war with the dust cloth
gainst the black SCOT which is spelling
our towns as pleaasnt and sanitary
locations for homes; l have trudged
through mud ankle-deep on Main
Street because village board did not
require, or at least demand, ordinary
board or cement walks; ! have used
inadequately filtered water, uninspect-
ed milk and shopped in markets where
inspection of sanitary conditions was
never dreamed Of and / have visited
schools and seen children housed in a
building where sanitary conditions
we're all but unbearable. Yet these
are only few Of the ways in which
politics affect the home, says writer
in Woman's Home Companion for
Aprl.
II believe that there will, with
equal suffrage, come increased facul-
ties for better school work, better
legislation and enforcement of laws
concerning children and child'labor.
This is not because men wish to be
neglectful or thoughtless in these re.
spects but because women stand just
a little closer to children and condi-
tions affecting them than do men.
And with the mothers the children
will and should come first Sanitary
affecting laboring women will also
come in for a share of attention.
Women who are near the top of the
industrial scale do not particularly
feel the need Of the ballot as a means
Of protection, but should thrive to
attain and use it for the sake Of the
sisters at the bottom Of the ladders. !"
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1911-04-13
LUMBERTON.

April 10, 1911.
VIM. Borden spent Saturday in
Hillsboro.
Otto Fawley spent Sunday with j.
S. Eakins.
The farmers are getting along slowly
with their farm work on account of
the wet weather.
Frank Emery and wife spent Friday
with John Fender.
VIM. Tracy has purchased new
rubber tire buggy.
Frank Robinson and family spent
Sunday with Moses Vance and wife.
Clyde Donohoo will leave soon for
Illinois.
VIM. Tracy spent Saturday with
Thomas Carey, at Hillsboro.
Mrs. II. L. Miller spent Friday with
b. A. McConnaughey.
Mrs. S. w. Young and Mrs. ii. L.
Miller spent one day last week with
Aunt Mary Emery.
Gerald Sonner spent Sunday with
his friend, Scott Hathaway.
Work will begin soon on the new
pike from Danville to New Market.
Several from here attended the
funeral of Mrs. II. J. Vance, held at
Union, last Monday.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1911-04-13
FORT HILL.
April 10, 1911.

April 10, 1911.
Roy Miller, of Berryville, spent a
few days last week with his sister,
Mrs. Walter Stanley.
Henry Copeland, of Rainsboro, was
business visitor in this vicinity
Tuesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. !. w. Stults and Rob.
ert Stanley attended the funeral of
Frank Messenger, at Olive Branch,
Sunday.
Miss Blanche Havens spent last
week with relatives in Sinking Spring.
John w. kissing spent Friday with
Tom Tompson and family, of near
Cynthiana.
Mrs. Anna Deardon and children
spent Thursday afternoon with Mrs.
Fred Rhoads and family.
James Jones and family and Bob
Jones and family, of Cynthiana, were
very pleasantly entertained at the
home of their brother, Wells Jones'
and family Sunday.
Ralph Smalley and son, Henry, Of
Poplar Grove, spent Saturday and
Sunday with Edward White and fam.
lily.
Mrs. Sarah East and son, Clark, and
daughter, Mrs. Julia Carter, left
Thursday to spent week with the
formers daughter, Mrs. John East
and family at Westboro.
Mrs. Mary Bobb returned home
Thursday after spending three weeks
at the home of her sister, Mrs. Elmer
Cameron, near Marshall
Robert Hakes and wife, of Cliff
Range, spent Friday night with Mr..
and Mrs. Ed. White.
Mrs. David Shoemaker spent Thurs
day night with friends near Cynthi-
ana
Mrs. Laura Shoemaker and children
spent Thursday with Mrs. Cinderella
Rhoads near Sinking Spring.
Raymond Kirkpatrick, of Hillsboro,
was business visitor in this vicinity
Wednesday.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1911-04-13
SIMON HIDER,
THE FLORIST.
For Your Flowers.
YOUNGSTOWN.
April 10, 1911.

Communion services are announced
to be held in the Presbyterian Church
on Easter Sunday.
Mrs. Clara Wrinkle and daughter,
Stella, Of Williamsburg spent Friday
and Saturday at the home Of her par
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. George McQuitty.
The little child Of Mr.. and Mrs
Rosselot, Of Winchester, was brought
to the Mowrystown cemetery last Sun
day for burial.
Miss Jennie Funk is the proud pos
SCISSOR Of a Shetland pony and runa-
bout, bequeathed to her by her aunt,
the late Mrs. Dr. Buble, of Martins
vile.
VIM. Beltz was operating his ditch
ing machine near Ripley last week.
He was accompanied by George Amey
and Roy Wrinkle.
DR.. Funk was business visitor in
Cincinnati one day last week.
Rev. Diogene Caron died at his
home in Taylorsville last Saturday.
His wife and daughter, Josie, have the
sympathy of all in the great loss.
Mrs Marinda McQuitty has return.
ed from two weeks visit at Buford,
where she was a guest of her son,
James,
Miss Ethel Funk spent last Friday
evening at Gath with her classmate,
Miss Edith Tice.
ORGY Roberts has been nursing a
sore eye the past week,
The seniors of the public schools IRE
now working for the commencement.
The Baccalaureate sermon will be
preached by Rev Posten in the Chris
tian Church on Easter Sunday at the
evening service. A few Of the class
were in Hillsboro to take the teachers
examination on April |.
Mrs. Calvin has gone to Join her
husband, the Rev. John Calvin, who
is doing evangelical work in Illinois.
The house she vacated is now occupied
by Mr.. Mays and family.
Mrs. Edwards is not improved from
her sew re sickness.
Mr.. Goodrich, Of New Albany, Ind.
is being entertained by relatives in
this vicinity.
The Ladies' Aid Society OF the Chris
tian Church will hold a chicken sup
per in the X. Of p. Hall on the night
Of April 10, These ladies always hold
good socials and large crowds of people
attend their banquets. The ladies
selected to do the cooking for the body
are cordially invited to attend and
have an enjoyable time
Mrs. Jane McQuitty and family, who
have been living in Cincinnati the
past few years, have returned to their
home here, where they will remain.
Their many friends are glad to well
come them back.
Mrs. Mollie Greenhow was a busi-
ness visitor in Sardinia last Thursday
afternoon.
Mrs. Coifman and little son left for
Indiana last Saturday, where she will
make her home with her parents, Mr..
and Mrs. Smith. She has the sympa-
thy OF all in the loss of her husband
and the good wishes of our community
go with her to her new home.
Mr.. and Mrs. P. Seip visited rela-
tives near Emerald, Friday.
Miss Katy Goux has returned from
Cincinnati, where she spent some time
with relatives.
Clarence Snyder is having good sue
cess at paper hanging. His charges
are reasonable