Evening star., 1911-08-27

advanta ageously when created NJ Bizc'
mad a plan. but he has never had an oo-
caslon 10 apply it, hut like the ''caisse
OF the treasury OF a certain state IN tho
memorable opera OF Jacques onenhacn
there was never more than - centinis~l
the caisse and never a miserable so1
more How Mr.. Morgan Shuster MAJ
create money in Persia without tie AL
OF American capitalists having Amey..aa
banks IN the several large ties Of i'rr-
Sla Is problem. The Persian loan. II may
he remarked, which was launched In
London July II. was not covered by at-
est advices. and this fact is serious ct
back for Persia's credit
Nasr-al-M Mulk. appointed regent i'm ser-
tember, 1910, did not return to Peft
until tho commencement Of March. fSi
The regent is a man of varied accom-
plishments ard possesses decided ability
A. soon as he had taken the oath to the
constitution he applied himself to the
establishments Of order.
The political situation was anything but
clear, and first of all II was necessary TO
throw light upon that. The Mediiss was
not organized for work according 10 any
definite system. and PARTIES were not es-
tablished with any knowledge of their
purpose As for the ministry. IL was
often changed that few persons knew it's
composition any better in Teheran than
In Washington. The first action OF the
ministry on the installation Of the regent
was To resign
The regent convoked the representa-
tives of the people and informed them
that in order 10 govern constitutionally
he must base his action upon the ma
1ority. and TO do this he begged them to
proceed TO organize their parties. More
than two-thirds Of the parlamentariaas
signed their adhesion to the moderate
program and the remainder was divided
into several democratic groups. mod
crate ministry was thus constituted under
the presidency of Sipadar AZam. he who
had recently conquered the reactionaries
q nd nod r-l... 49,
head of his victorious troops. The min
istry of foreign affairs was coniidad 10
Montecham- -Sultaneh. who had been in
the diplomatic service several years and
who had accompanied the shah 10 Paris
in 1905 Mostochar- ed -Dowleh was given
the ministry Of tile interior, because Of
his popularity and success an orator
in parliament. Monchir- ed Dowleh, who
had studied law in Moscow. received the
portfolio of justice. Momtaz- led Dowleh
the finance. Ala-es-S -Sultaneh. who had
been minister at London, public works.
Moaven- ed Dowleh commerce. had been
given missions to Russia, Bulgaria and
Italy. Thus all the members of the
cabinet We're more or less familiar with
occidental politics.
The ministry applied itself diligently 10
repress the trouble which existed in
divers places, and watched
Treasury with particular care the
south route. which had been
Empty. the source of the gun run
ming complaints and the threatenins
note from England of October lo, lal'
But the greatest source of trouble in
Persia was due to an empty treasury and
the chaos existing in the public works
Russia and England have manifested
but little confidence I'm the government at
Teheran. and while the Medjliss request
ed the rapid evacuation of hasvtn aud
the government at Moscow promised
compliance, the Russian troops remained.
and they still remain. at Tabriz Ardebii
and Astara. In April, 1910. the English
consul at Chiraz was attacked on the
road from Ispahan to Chiraz and two or
his Indian savars killed. The note or
October IA was thus provoked-note IN
which Sir Edward Grey accorded a delay
of three months to the Persian govern
ment in which to re-establsh security. IN
default of which Anglo-Indian troops
would be charged with the policing of the
roads.
The questions of Irak-Arahi and in the
Persian gulf Kowet and Mohammarah
have recently attracted the attention ot
European diplomats through the articles
of the deputy of Bagdad. Baban Iade
Ismail Hakki Bey. koweit ana Monain-
marah are destined to count for much IN
the question of Persia. and therefore
they merit mention by anticipation.
The city of Koweit. from an insignin-
cant ashermen's village of 300 souls OF
a few years ago. now counts a population
of 10000 Koweit is the work OF Cheikh
Sabah Sabahs father was fisherman,
who exchanged fish for dates at Bas-
sora, which he sold to the Bedouins on
the two shores of the gulf. The trans
formation effected by the commerce or
the fishermen was almost magical. for
the poor village of ten years ago is now
a good sized city.
The growth of Koweit attracted tho
which had the idea of at
Turkish taching il to the city of
Bassora and the sandjak OF
oe"oe' that name. a dependence or
the province of Bagdad. Mohammed-el-
Adassani Cheikh was named ''naib." or
parish priest, and Abdullah, eldest son
of Sabah, was appointed "kaimakam. or
lieutenant colonel, of Koweit, with the
title Of pacha. There were several as
sassinations in the family. but the title
finally lodged in an enterprislng brother,
Mouba rak-el- -Sa bah, the actual governor.
IL is a part of the history to add that
the usurper, Moubarak. received from
the government in place OF money 40
In 1899 Feizi Pasha. governor of Bag
dad sent Mohammed FAIL Pasha with
large body of troops 10 take koweft.
Moubarak. however. was equal TO the oc-
casion He took the road TO Bouchif.
where he invoked the protection of the
English consul general The Latter,
needless to add. quickly acceded and, the
contract signed and sealed by the vice
roy of India Moubarak returned TO ko-
welt Mohammed FAIL returned to Bag
dad and England assumed the protection
of koweit. :
In acquiring this information 1 recall
that in 1879, when commanding the Esyp-
tian expedition to the east coast or Afrl-
ca il was found necessary In the taxing
of Ras Hafoun for Egypt almost oppo-
site the Persian gulf TO obtain the con-
sent and signature of the Iomah cheikh
The latter consented and sold all his right
and title in the promontory of Ras Hafoun
and adjacent land twhere i holsted the
Egyptian fiag) for the modest sum OF ten
Maria Theresa dollars and one red fan
mel shirt, | assume the English consul at
Bouchr was less generous over
Koweit.
contestably kazal Khan, although Per-
sian has decided sympathies with Bag
dad Nevertheless. the new governor
general undertook to oppress kazal The
latter appealed to Teheran, but the Per-
sian capital was otherwise occupied and
paid no heed to kazars complaints.
Kazal knew of the action Of his friend at
Koweit and he. too. took the road TO
Bouchir, where he executed the same art
as did Moubarak.
So after Alden in 1870. Muscat. Oman.
Bahrein, Koweit and Mohammarah ITO say
nothing OF the African shore) have passed
successfully under English protection.