The new era. (Walden, Colo.) 1906-19??, 1911-08-10

result OF the general uiSsdl-
isfaction among men in all
parts of the world over pay.
hours, accommodations aboard
ship and food, which, they say. has
been steadily growing worse for the
last ten years. While the cost OF Hv-
Ing and the necessities Of life have
gone up and the wages Of laborers
companies have done nothing to bet
tor the conditions of their crews. 1t Is
asserted.
Oflcers. engineers and fremen at
sea have four hours on duty and eight
hours of, while the men who have to
stand the brunt Of the elements on
deck have four hours on deck and four
below throughout the voyage. except
In port, when they work from a. m.
till D. M, with half an hour for
breakfast and an hour for dinner.
The food served, the men say. is
cooked generally by an assistant soul
leryman. who does not know enough
to boil salt water. and the biggest At
lantic liners are little better In this
respect than the 1000 ton tramps. &C
cording to the statements OF the
crews
Eight years ago the British board OF
trade investigated the system of pre-
pairing meals for seamen and found
that when a man was unfit to do any
thing else he was shipped as cook"
Tor the seamen.
Cook for the Sailors.
=, AS a result of this investigation the
5oard of trade passed law compell-
Ing all vessels sailing under the Brit
ish flag to carry cook who hao
passed an examination before an In
spector appointed by the board and re-
ceived its certificate. The wages of
q ships cook. $40 to $50 month. did
not attract a rush Of promising appli-
cants for examination, and conse-
uuently there were not enough to go
round, those possessing certificates
demanding higher pay.
To get around this law the steam
ship lines signed certificate cook on
each vessel and then transferred him
to the incoming ship just before sail
Ing time, replacing him on the out
wardbou vessel with man selected
by the chief cook as the most useless
assistant in the potato peeling, dish
occurring department.
With the advent of the big liners,
whose decks are kept wet by spray
throughout the winter months. the
mortality and sickness among seamen
has increased greatly, the CHIEF all
ments being rheumatism. pneumonia
lumbago and pulmonary diseases.
which have filled the warehouses; OF
Liverpool, London. Hull. Shields. New
castle. Bristol, Southampton and 9TH
er European ports with brokendoWn
seamen. Many of these men get SICK
through lying in damp hunks under
leaky decks.
How a Great Charity Is Dispensed.
= It il asserted and with apparently
mod grounds that the thousands OF
'klllars collected on the big ocean
ners to aid the orphans and aged
seamen benefit only very small per-
centage Of those in need. The sal
aries OF some officials of these chart
ties in Liverpool are $4,000 year 1t
is said. To get an orphan taken In re-
ouires the backing of the local clergy
man or magistrate to testify as to the
responsibility of the parents, and only
sailors who have led pious lives afioat
and ashore can hope for pecuniary
aid. There are few pious sailors. ac'
cording to custom house oficials. and
the majority, who love their rum and
tobacco, are left high and dry on
lee shore in their declining days.
The wages paid to sailors. even on
mail boats like the Mauritania. do not
allow of much room for saving. They
only amount to $3.50 a month, out OF
which So must be paid for uni
form. cap, jumper and trousers when
they need renewing, which is often at
sea. Firemen do not have to buy a
uniform and get $3.50 a month. Lin
err not In the mail service pay only
$40 q month. with an extra SLIPS to
uuartermasters and lookout men. This
applies to Liverpool. southampton and
London, but in some British ports
Cardiff 10 ons-the wages for able sea
men are only SIS month. The day a
ship arrives in the home port wages
cease and the seamen are OF pay until
they sign on another ship. To keep
the flreuien satisfied limited number
are kept working on the ship all the
time sic ID at homo. unless the vessel