davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03
CONDEMNS HARMONY BODY
Measure Denouncing Civic Federation
Adopted by Mine Workers
Convention.

Columbus, O.-By a standing vote
of 4s6 to 1853 the United Mine Work
ers, in convention at Memorial hall,
passed the resolution condemning the
Civic Federation.
John Mitchell, former president Of
the miners, and other labor leaders
belong to the Civic Federation.
Among its members in the capitalistic
class are: John d. Rockefeller, An
drew Carnegie. ]. Pierpont Morgan
and August Belmont. It was organ
lied to bring about harmony between
capital and labor.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03
WHITE SUCCEEDS LEWIS
IOWA MAN HAS TOTAL OF s8,934
VOTES.
John Mitchell Elected Delegate to
American Federation OF Labor
by Big Majority.

Columbus, Ohio.-John P. White
will succeed Tom Lewis as presi-
dent Of the United Mine Work
ers of America April /, according to
the result of the referendum vote an
nounced at the miners convention.
The announcement Of Whites success
caps the climax Of a series Of defeats
that the Lewis forces have met. Lewis
has been president of the miners since
John Mitchell stepped aside in 1908.
White received 1894 votes and
Lewis 72,19Oh.
John Mitchell, former president Of
the miners. who was reelected q del
egate to the American Federation OF
Labor, polled 1925 votes, the big
gest total rolled up by any candidate.
Following the announcement Of the
general result the tellers began read
ing the votes Of different districts.
The full list of new officers elected
is as follows:
John p. White Of Oskaloosa, Ia.
president, majority over Tom l.
Lewis, 2G,743h.
TIdHh v. I1ayCo vi opAAHo"A
reelected vice-president, majority
over E. S. Mccullough, 1876.
Edwin Perry of Oskaloosa. Ia, re
elected secretary-treasurer. majority
over William Green, 21.050.
-Tellers reelected: William Young
South Fork, Pa; William Feeney, Cal
ifornia, Pa, and William Fitzsimmons
Scranton, Pa.
Delegates to the American Feders
ton of Labor reelected: John Mitch
ell, Spring Valley, H.; T. L. Lewis
Bridgeport, O.; John w. Walker
Springfield, ILL.,; E. S. Mccullough
Bay City, Mich; Frank j. Hayes
Springfield, H.; John P. White. Osks
loosa, Ia; Duncan Mcdonald, Spring
field, Ill.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03
TROOPS PATROL BORDER
Cavalry From Fort Sam Houston Or
dered Out al Revolt Grow-
Fighting Near Fl Paso.

Washington, d. C.-Because OF
the increased activity of the Mexican
insurgents along the entire frontier
Of Texas as far south as Brownsville,
the wal department ordered out four
troops of cavalry from Fort Sam
Houston to aid the federal authorities
in preventing violations of the u
trality laws.
This activity On the part of insur-
gents has resulted in raids and law
less acts on the American side, and
in the renewed smuggling of arms into
Mexico, which the department seeks
to stop.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03
NINE BREAK JAIL AT CAlR0
Telegraph Operator Charged With
Causing Wreck at Beech Ridge
(lIl.) One Of F%uoitives.

Cairo, Hl.-Nine prisoners escaped
from the Alexander county Jail.
Among them was Charles E. Clark,
the telegraph operator who, it is
claimed, caused a wreck at Beech
Ridge between Mobile & Ohio and
Iron Mountain trains in which four
men were killed.
Clark's trial was set for February.
The Jail cells were being repaired
and we're left in an unsafe condition.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

What's the sense In kicking because
you have to take the ashes from I'M
der the furnace? A man in Iowa has
sued for divorce because his wife
made him sleep with the cows.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03
ROOFING.

Galvanized Iron Corrugated and Grid
Of best quality for barns. sheds, .chic1
houses and residences,-Fire and waa
proof, needs no paint. takes care of ltd
ieneths, s to Il feet. Full weight god
Send this ad with order: PIDGE0l
THOMAe IRON CO., THE Rood
TolkA" ~. IS N. ID st., Memphis. Ted
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03
BRITISH BOAT Is ADRIFT
Wireless Message Says Her Propeller
is Broken-Thirty Men Are
on Board.

Claymont, Me,-The steamship Sun,
with 80 men and 1000 barrels of Gre
osote on board, is adrift and helpless
with a broken propeller in mid-At-
lantic.
Word of the disaster was received
here by wireless and the steamer
Toledo Immediately left to assist her
sister ship into port. Both are owned
by the Sun Oil company.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03
Is Your Health
Worth 10e?

That's what It costs to get a-weet]
treatmeut-of CASCARETS. Th9
do more for you than any medici1
on Earth. Sickness generally Shot
and starts first in the Bowels AZ
Liver: CASCARETS cure these u,
It's 20 easy to try-why not start Y
night and have help In the mornin(
cAscARKre lec . boz fcr = WEEK.
s. the world Million boxes q month
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

The census bureau reports that
1898, 900 telegraph and telephone
poles were used in 1909. Sixty-ive
per cent. of them were of cedar. Here
Is one item to explain why timber
is growing scarce.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

In view of the published assertion
that about 80 per cent. Of the people
Of New York state are insane, it Is
not surprising hat insanity Is so fire.
quently pleaded there as an excuse
for crime.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

Somebody whose name we have not
taken the trouble to find out Is en-
deavoring to gain notoriety by n
nouncing his intention Of plunging
over the falls of Niagara IN a safety
lifeboat. If he will wait awhile he
may be able to slide owe On an icicle.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

A machine that measures thought
has been invented. 1t will not have
to go very fast in measuring the
thought of the young man who pro-
poses to reform by first going on a
spree.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

American mules are preferred to
all other kinds in South Africa. Prob
ably the native dialects there are the
nearest possible approach in sound
to the language on which the mules
are brought up.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

It has been discovered hat an es-
tate which has been in litigation for
AZ years has doubled In value. Prob
ably the lawyers fees have not been
paid yet.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

Every now and then yor hear some
one discussing the weather, say: THE
paper said" SO and so. Now, the pa
pers have enough to answer for with
out being charged with the mistakes
of the weather bureau.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03
. Fulpino Youth ! Leper.

washington, d. C.-The district
health officers are convinced that An
acteto Popabalay, the Philippine youth
who has been held at the naval hos
uital for several days. il q leper, and
VII isolate him.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03
Newspaper Man . LeolMator.

Muskogee, O~k.-Eugene NJ. Kerr.
owner Of the Times-Democrat, was
elected representative in the legisla-
ture from Muskogee and Haskell
counties at a special election. He
succeeds the late DR.. A. ]. Cullop.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03
Mad Anthony His Ancestor.

Little Rock, Ark.-Col. J. R. Wayne.
a planter. died at his home In Little
Rock. Col. Wayne was born in Ala
oama in S151. He was a great-grand-
son of Gen. Anthony Wayne of revo-
Lutionary fame.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03
KETCHEL SLAYERS GUILTY
Jury, After Seventeen Hours, Con-
victs w. A. Dipiey and coldie
Smith Of Numbering Fighter.

Marshfeld. Mo.-Cuilty Of murder
In the first degree was the verdict
returned by the jury in the case OF
Walter A. Dipley and Goldie Smith,
charged with the murder Of Stanley
Ketchel. pugilist.
The jury was out II hours.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03
Enuinemen Are Killed.

Peru, Ind.-In a head-on collision
Of freight trains on the Chesapeake
&c Ohio railroad at Losantsville En-
gineer Edwards and Fireman Schrock,
both of Peru, are reported to have
been killed.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03
Killed BY Aerial Propeller.

Allentown. Pa.-Lioyd ]. Iredell,
business manager and part owner Of
the Chronicle and News, is dead from
injuries received by being struck by
the propeller Of = so-called wind
wagon"
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

Still there is this much to be said
for those attempts to break the alti-
tude record: In case of accident a
few thousand feet more or less makes
no difference, even to the underta-
ker
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03
Mrs. Frances J.. Heney Dies.

New York.-Mrs. Frances ]. Heney
of San Francisco, whose husband was
formerly special prosecuting attorney
in San Francisco. died Of tubercular
meningitis at the New York home Of
Charles r. Crane.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

The Iowa pedagogue who asserts
that loud clothes make noisy persons
has got the cart before the horse.
Noisy persons are responsible for
loud clothes.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

A Los Angeles newspaper is plan.
ming to have copies delivered by aero
plane to its subscribers. 1t is hoped
the subscribers will not complain II
the aviators did not at first get OF
and sip the papers under the door
mats.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03
Knees Became Stif


The cure Of Henry J.. Goldsteip. \
Barton Street. Boston. Mass, is anouJ
Or victory by Hoods S~arsaparins1
This great medicine has succeeded :
many cases where others have utter,
failed. Mr.. 0oldstein says: ."T sMy
fered from rheumatism five years. 4
kept me from business and caused y
CIRCULATING pain. MY knees would 1t
come az stiff as Steel. I tried mar
Hoods Harsaparilla, soon felt muJ
better, and now consider myself ~
tirely cured. I recommend Hood's."s
Get it today in usual liquid form !
chocolated tablnts called oarsatabs.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

Nashville, Tenn.-Chancellor ALI
son decided here against the ne
gro knights of Pythias, holding
that they have no right to the name,
regalia, badges, etc. This case will
be appealed to the supreme court.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

Portland, Ore. expects to have q
million inhabitants in % years. All
right, but Portland should take 1t to
heart that she cannot get them by
padding the census.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

That New York woman who thinks
that the anti-kissing crusade has
iessened the practice should ask the
small boy under the sofa.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

Wonder If the young man who
thinks there is only one girl in the
world for him realizes that the pop
ulation of the country rs SO. 400. ISL.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

That New York proposition to add
gongs to automobile horns is calcu-
lated to increase the jumping record
on Broadway.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

A Pittsburg man is raising a family
on $1.35 a day. Still we believe that
the family is entitled to the most
credit for this.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

An insane woman has won a prize
for a magazine poeE. That throws
light on a hitherto wcred Ques-
ton.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03
An InvarIable Assumption.

An lnvariable Assumption.
1T must be dreadful to have any
your relatives become involved
scandal"
"Yes." replied Miss Cayenne. 7
only possible compensation is the
tent to which 1t causes you to be
mediately written about as a mem|
OF the most exclusive society"
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03
Rear Admiral Macomb ls Dead.

Rear Admiral Macomb Is Oead
New York.-Rear Admiral David B.
Macomb, retired, Is dead in his Saith
year of infirmities incident to age He
was born in Florida, his mother, Mary
Worthington, being the daughter Of
the first daughter Of Ohio.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

If the south pole does not receive
visitors it will not be because nobody
is knocking at the refrigerator door.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

1T seems to me that our new md
ought at least to know how to ser
water, II she was six years with b,
last employer"
well, it's not surprising, dear.
know her last employer"
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

masked bandits as they do to fake
gold mine promoters.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

Any New methodist
"Ain't It strange. tn way Kelly bs
his wife?"
II dunno. How does he do it,"
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

Orville Wright says hat aviation Is
safer than automobiling. Undoubted-
iy so-for the innocent bystanders.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

Maybe some people prefer ragtime
and organized cheering because 1t
browns the other kind of music.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

men from death except by clipping
their wings?
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03
AIdrich's Health Much Better

Aldrich's Health Much Better.
Brunswick. Ex-senator Nelson A.
Aldrich of Rhode Island, who arrived
Jekyl island, has improved in
health SO much he has decided to pro
long his visit for two or three weeks
more.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

Taylor's Cherokee Remedy Of Sweet q
and Mullen il Natures great reme4
Cures Coughs, Colds, Group and Whoop,
Cough and all throat and lung troubles,
6ru9cists. 25c, Soc and $1.00 per bottle
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

If those who indulge in organized
cheering do not enjoy it they think
they do, which is much the same.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

If Hayti and San Domingo go to
war why not let them emulate the
Kilkenny cats?
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

WHY suffer with y troubles, quick
lief by using PETTIT'S EYE SALVE.j
All druggists or Howard Bros, Buffalo.A
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

But is shooting ducks from an aero
plane true craftsmanship? Why not
give the ducks a chance?
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03
We expect most of the various rec
ords to be broken thAs year.
In the present stage OF aviations
development you never can tell.

We gain a minute of daylight every
day but the gas bills go on just the
same.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1911-02-03

There is no normal health with
human helpfulness.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-06-12

had tone of optimism for the future.
The budget for the coming year was
gone over very carefully. The in
come is not as large as might be de-
sired but careful management is keep
ing the expenditures within the limit
and the institution is on firm basis
financially.
The bids for the coal supply for the
coming year were opened but on ac-
count of some of the members wish
ing to catch the train, the board de-
cided to turn the bids over to the ex-
ecutive committee for action. This
committee consists of Tracy R. Bangs,
E. K. Spoonheim and President Nc
Vey.
The election of officers for the COM
ing year was scheduled for this meet
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-06-12

The jewelers. convention will be
called to order at $3.50 Tuesday morn
ing by the president. The optical So
ciety will hold its first meeting at
1880 Wednesday afternoon. Both
bodies will meet in the Commercial
club rooms. The sessions Of the jew
elers will be held in the mornings
while the optical society will convene
in the afternoon.
Among the speakers who will ad-
dress the conventions besides those
already named are Dean NJ. A. Bran
non, Col. John L. Shepherd, with the
Keystone Watch Case company Of New
York city, and Louis L. DeNIars, presi-
dent Of DeMars school of optics, Min
neapolis.
Col. Shepherd and Mr.. Higginbotham
arrived in the city Sunday.
A pleasant feature of the program
will be the baseball game between
the Keio university, Japan, and the
University of North Dakota which
will be played Wednesday afternoon
at 4 o'clock.
Big Banquet.
At 8 o'clock Wednesday evening a
oPlcuolu UdllQuSt Will Ue served at the
Hotel Dacotah. A fine menu has been
provided and the toast list presents
a number Of excellent speakers. Ex-
Senator ]. D. Taylor will act as toast
master. The program has been ar
ranged as follows:
Welcome to Grand Forks-On be-
half of the city, Hon. NJ F. Murphy,
mayor. On behalf of the Commercial
club, E. j. Lander, president.
Song, Norman B. Black, Miss Clara
Louise Strecker, accompanist.
why Retailers Should Cooperate, !"
Col. John L. Shepherd with keystone
Watch Case company New York city.
"Why Retailers and Manufacturers
Should Cooperate" Dean A. A. Bruce
Of the law school, University of
North Dakota.
Song, Norman B. Black, Miss Clara
Louise Strecker, accompanist.
why All Citizens Should Cooper
ate," H. A. Bronson, chairman pub
licity committee, Grand Forks Com
mercial club.
Rorkes orchestra will furnish music
for the occasion.
Much credit is due to the men in
charge for the excellent program
which has been arranged for the con-
vention.
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-06-12
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
HELD ANNUAL
MEETING
Much Business Was Transact.
ed and President McVey
Read Report

The annual meeting of the board of
trustees was held in the office of
Tracy R. Bangs Saturday evening.
The members present were N. C.
Young, Victor WARDROBE, E. X. Spoon
helm and Tracy r. Bangs. A great
deal of business was transacted. The
affairs of the year were brought to a
close, provisions were made for a
number of changes the coming year
and the report of President McVey
was read.
The proposition for a cooperative
bookstore, which has been under con-
sideration for sometime, was favorab-
ly acted upon.
The list Of graduates submitted by
the university council was passed up
on and it was voted to confer on each
member the proper degree.
Various changes and additions for
next year were made. The transfer
of Dean NJ. A. Brannon from the COL
lege of medicine to the college of lib
eral arts was ratified and Prof.
Squires was appointed acting dean
while Dean Brannon pursues a post
graduate course at Chicago next year.
Assistant Professor Perrott was rails
ed to full professorship Of Latin.
w. w. Norton was made assistant
professor of music. The contemplated
separation of the departments of Scan
dinavian and German was made. DR..
VIM. E. Bek Of the University Of Mis-
souri, will have charge of the depart
ment of German with the rank of as
sistant professor. Miss Marcia Bis
bee was made curator of the museum.
Rolf Allen Baker of the University of
Wisconsin was appointed instructor in
chemistry. An addition was made to
the model high school faculty by en-
ploying Miss Selma Steinforte as in
structor in Latin and German. Roy
Christie, member CT this years
graduating class, was made assistant
in bacteriology.
The report of President McVey con-
tanned much valuable information. The
total attendance was shown to be 967
of whom 400 are of college rank.
More than IS per cent come from this
state but number of other states are
represented while there are four from
Canada, three from Japan and one
from England.
There has been much advancement
In the matter of research work. This
is partly due to the fellowships and
scholarships instituted this year. The
school of mines and mocha meal en-
cheering have been experimenting
with Ignite and its utilization. Much
practical work has been done at the
Devils Lake biological station and by
the other departments of the univer-
! sity.
A very important matter covered in
the report was the extension. work.
This work is carried on along two
lines. The first is by correspondence
courses offered in many college
courses and the second is by lectures.
The university offers a splendid list
OF speakers on many subjects Of inter-
est to the people of the state. All this
work is carried on under the SUPER
vision of the Bureau Of Educational
Cooperation" N. G. Abbott, a member
Of last years graduating class, has
been employed as field organizer.
The president reported favorsbly on
the scholastic record of the year. The
new buildings and other changes were
commented upon. The whole report
The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-06-12
TO GATHER
IN GRAND FORKS
THIS WEEK
Over Thousand Delegates Elk
pected-Parade Will be
Big Feature

-
About .250@members of the Fra
ternal Order Of Eagles are expected
to rendezvous in Grand Forks Thurs
day and Friday of this week for the
annual state convention, which will
be held here on those two days. The
reception committee of the local
Aerie No. $50 has been busy the past
week locating enough rooms to lodge
the delegates.
The NIinot and northwestern dele
gates will arrive in the city Wednes-
day evening and the delegates from
the other portions of the state will
reach Grand Forks on Thursday
morning and preparations have been
made to meet the morning trains
with big delegation Of the local
feathered men. The Grand Forks
Military band has also been engaged
to be at the depot to let the visitors
know that they struck the liviest city
in the state
The visiting Eagles will be escorted
to the Eagle hall where they will
register, and they will then be shown
about the city.
Parade q Feature.
One of the big features of the con-
vention will be the parade, which
will start promptly at 10 o'clock Fri
day morning. The parade will be
formed on North Fifth street, all
delegations meeting at the Grand
Forks Oratorio society auditorium.
The line of march will be from the
auditorium down North Fifth street
to University avenue; University ave-
nue. to Ncrth Third street; North
Third street to De,Mers avenue across
the DeMers avenue bridge to Fourth
street in East Grand Forks; Fourth
street to Front street; Front street
to Washington avenue; Washington
avenue to Boulevard avenue; Boule-
ward avenue to Minnesota avenue:
Minnesota avenue over the Minnesota
avenue bridge to South Third street
Grand Forks; South Third street to
DeMers avenue; DeMers avenue to
Fourth street; Fourth street to Uni
versity avenue and back to the audi
forum.
Carriages have been hired for the
parade and the visiting ladies and of.
ficers Of the organization will occupy
these. Three bands will be included
in the procession.
Prizes Are Offered.
Prizes have been offered for pa
rade features, which include a prize
for the aerie having the largest
number in line Grand Forks not to
compete in this); the best marching
aerie in the line of parade; the aerie
bringing the largest number of la.
dies; the tallest Eagle; the shortes,
Eagle, and the most comically dressed
Eagle. The judges will be stationed
IN the balcony OF the Frederick no.
tel.
1t is rumored that the Grand Forks
Eagles will spring surprise on all
Of the delegates, in the form of g
beautiful float. While nothing defin-
lite regarding this can be learned, the
float is expected to be something out
of the ordinary.
The Grand Forks Aerie No. $50
Fraternal Order of Eagles held two
meetings Sunday, the first at 8
o'clock in the morning and the second
at 2:45 in the afternoon. Nearly the
entire local membership of the order
was present at the meetings.