The advocate. [volume] (Charleston, W. Va.) 1901-1913, 1911-09-14
The Man FaftlleSt Down
by BOSKERf, WASHINGTON Second .Iustaiimn{ntiS

| tain"
All this suggests and illustrates the
| radlplty with which changes are &c
Ing on il Hungary and the taste with
which the leaders in the Government
| and In social life are MOVING to catch
up with and, If possible. get ahead OF
, the procession Of progress in the rest
of Europe.
The trouble seems to be that in
Hungary progress had begun at the
top, with the government, instead of
at the bottom, with the people, The
/ government, apparently, desires and
hopes to give the masses of the peo-
pie an education that will increase
their usefulness, without at the same
time increasing their wants and
stimulating their desire to rise. It's
efforts to improve the condition of
the masses are further confused by
determination to suppress the other
| nationalities and preserve the domin-
alton Of the Magyar race. In short
| think | might sum up the situa-
ton by saying that Hungary is trying
tho doubtful experiment of attempt
ing to increase the efficiency Of the
people without giving them freedom
The result is that, while the gov
eminent is closing up schools because,
| as the Minister Of Agriculture says
IAN important political and social
principle Is endangered" when stu
dents begin to hope and dream of p
! higher and better situation in life
than in which they were born, the
, masses Of the people are emigrating
, to America, in order to better their
condition.
At Fiume l had an opportunity to
study at close range, what | may call
the process Of this emigration 1 had,
in other words, an opportunity to see
something, not merely of the manner
in which the stream of emigration,
flowing out from the little inland vii
lagos, is collected and cared for at
tiumc until it pOurS into, and is car
ried away in the ships, but also to
get a more definite idea of the mo-
tives and social forces that are work
ing together to bring about this vast
migration Of the rural populations Of
South East Europe. ---
In no country in Europe, not even
in Italy, has emigration been so care
fully studied, and in no country has
more been done to direct and control
emigration than in Hungary. At the
same time l think it is safe to say
that nowhere else has emigration
brought SO. many changes in the Do-
litical and social life of the people,
At one time, indeed it seemed as if
Hungary proposed to make immigrrt,
ton state monopoly. This was when
the government, in granting to the
Cunard Steamship Company a mono
poly of the emigrant business at Fiume
made a contract to furnish that line
at least 10000 of immigrants a year.
At that time there were between one
| hundred and two hundred thousand
cmigrants leaving Hungary every
year, most Of whom were making the
journey to America by way of the
German lines at Hamburg and Bre-
men.
1t is said that the Hungarian gov
eminent, in order to turn the tide Of
emigration in the direction Of Fiume
and swell the traffic at that port, di-
rected that all steamship tickets
should be sold by government agents,
who refused permission to cmigrants
to leave the country by other than the
Fiume route.
! Since then, however, Hungary has,
| | understand, modified it's contract
with the Cunard Company in such q
manner that it does mot appear as if
the government has actually gone into
| the business Of exporting it's own
citizens, and, instead Of attempting to
! direct emigration through Fiumc by
something amounting almost to force,
ithas rather sought to invite traffic
| by creating at this port model accom-
| mOdatiOnS for emigrants
AS a matter Of fact the government
has, as a rule, attempted to dis.
| courage emigration rather than in
crease it. Where that was not pos
| siDic it has still tried to maintain it's
held upon its citizens in Ame:ic2; TO
keep alive their interest in their
nate la&' md make the emigration,
- far as possible, temporary
see. in Greer that the State should
- Z nptroanpnt 1occ IF tic lab
orln ;)uiatiCl, and in order ap-
oarcn. th1t the stream Of gold which
nd zoo into the country as re
{ tHi% emigration might not