The Yale expositor., 1911-09-07
eXAZxD EGZhoE (94Rzz4lLY R0zORLD)
IN C[1yZZ-R or JZ4IRyl4Y rs


square. These because of their close connec-
ton with the larger monuments, have been
called affairs and 1t is not unlikely that they
may have served some such purpose. They
are deliberately scuptured with grotesque fig
ures and in some with hieroglyphcs also
Leaving the Great Plaza and It's interesting
monuments behind, and proceeding southwark
about 100 yards, we enter a narrow court 29O
feet n length by 1875 feet in width. This In
closure has been named 1.-THE Court Of the
Hierogyphic Stairway" because of its most re-
markable feature-an imposing flight of stairs
ascending the pyramid at its southern end. This
stairway, including the deliberately sculptured
baustrades on each side, measures 33 feet in
width. It's steps, which average foot in height
have their vertical faces covered with hero
glyphcs.
This monumental stairway, rising steeply for
90 feet, it's steps and balustrades deliberately
sculptured, and full-size human figures occupy
ing it's center at regular intervals clear to the
, summit must have presented in former times
striking appearance and offered an effect but
little~Short of stupendous
Ascending the steep slope which forms the
southeastern side of the court of the Hero
glvphic Stairway, we find ourselves on the sum
nit of broad terrace overlooking the Eastern
Court This Enclosure, though somewhat small
(about 125 feet square,, originally must have
been one of the most beautiful parts of the city,
strewing it in great profusion. On its south side
rises the highest pyramid at Copan the summit
112 feet above the level of the river. Across the
greater part Of the western side extends ABROAD
rather low stairway, fanked by two life-sf8ed
rampant jaguars sculptured in high relief. Tins
fight Of steps leads to broad terrace overlook
ing another court. The remaining sides of the
Eastern Court are occupied by high terraces,
which support a number of ruined structures.
One of these on the northern terrace exca-
waited by Mr.. Maudslay, who found there beau
tiful interior doorway nine feet wide, over
which there is an elaborate frieze supported at
its ends by crouching human figures of heroic
size, the whole being carved in high relief al
most amounting to sculpture in the round.
The structures on the eastern and remaining
terrace have for the most part disappeared, their
destruction having been due to a change In
the course of the Copan river, which now
washes the exterior base of this terrace This
cutting away of the great substructure of the
main group Of buildings by the river is one
of the most interesting and at the time
deplorable features at Copan, since ultimately, if
not checked, it can mean nothing more nor less
than the total destruction of the city.
But this wholesale demolition Is not being &C.
complished without its accompanying lesson in
archaeology. This great vertical wall, cut by
the river all along the eastern side of the main
group, is the largest cross-section of arch
geological site in the world. Here like an open
book one may read the successive periods OF
the cty's growth. At different levels from the
hollows upward throughout the rubble hearting
Of the substructure there are horizontal strata
Of cut paving stones. These are the pavements
Of different pazas dating from successive
epochs Of the city's history, and they clearly
demonstrate that the growth of Copan has been
gradual AS time passed and the population in
creased, newer and larger structures and plazas
were built to meet the needs of the growing
city. These constructions, as we from the
cross-section of the substructure, were built d.
rectly above the older ones When 1t became
necessary to build plaza its rubble foun-
dations were laid on the paving of the old plaza
which 1t was to replace, and thus the highest Of
the substructure slowly increased A careful
study of the floors of these successive plazas
would doubtless teach much as to the different
epochs of the city's occupancy, and might even
reveal important facts relative to it's history.
Before closing this description, it may not be
out of place to explain here our reasons for hav-
ing called Copan 1.-THE Mother City Of the
Mayas.' Briefly stated. it is because Of the
greater antiquity of its hieroglyphc inscriptions
as compared with those Of every other Maya
city now known. This greater age of Copan is
indicated, not only by the actual dates recorded
in its earliest inscriptions, but also by cruder
technique in their execution Later, in the best
period of the southern Maya civilization, sculp-
ture is found to be in very high relief even in
the round, and is characterized by great pro-
fusion and elaboration of detail. Nothing of
this, however. appears in the earliest monu-
ments at Copan where the relief is so low that
1t amounts to little more than incised lines the
sculptor apparently not feeling sure enough of
his technique to attempt anything more ambi-
tious.
Aside from this question of technique how
ever, the dates themselves recorded these
more crudely sculptured monuments are much
earlier than those the more elaborate ones.
The earliest historic date at Copan preceded the
earliest historic dates OF all the other great
Maya cities by intervals ranging from 20 to 300
years. or expressed in terms of Maya chronoi
ogy, from one to fifteen katuns, the Maya "ka-
tun" being approximately equal to 20 Of our own
years.
For these two reasons, then, the more primi-
tive character of its earliest monuments and
the actual priority of its earliest dates we have
called Copan The Mother City Of the Mayas."