Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1911-04-28
OF MILLIONS
WHAT COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM
OF WATERWAYS IMPROVE
MENT MEANS TO FARMERS.
FIGURES TO SUPPORT FACTS
On Shipments Of Grain Alone the d.
rect Return Would Mean 100000
900, and Proportionately All Other
Products Would Be Affected.

In a former article we gave 1acts ana
figures to prove that, II the compre-
hensive plan OF waterway improve
ment advocated by the National XIV
ers and Harbors congress were car
ried out, the direct return to the farm
ers of the country. on the single Item
Of grain, would certainly be 100000
900 a year-and probably would DO
more than twice hat sum.
But grain is not the only item on
which the farmers would receive .
benefit. The fact Is that for the farm
ers-and everybody else, for that mat
ter-the cost Of transportation 1nhu-
ences practically everything he buys,
sells, eats, wears or uses in any way
whatever, except water. air and sun
shine. The average man Is inclined to
laugh when told that he pays out more
for transportation than he does for
taxes or because of the tariffIbut his
laughter does not alter the fact In the
east.
There are three principal methods
Of transportation, the wagonway, tho
railway and the waterway, and there
Is so great a difference in the cost OF
transportation by these different meth
DDS that it is worth while to study the
matter a little. The experts OF tho
good roads bureau estimate the co0e
of hauling a ton Of freight n mile
by horse and wagon on the avera4e
road In the United States at Is cents.
The cost on a thoroughly good. smooth
road might be reduced to 10 cents.
p~@uSc NT,rH,o1 r{,ac y 90 pof11o nor fNn.
mile as the average price received BY
the railways In 1907, while the Official
records kept at the 500 show that tho
average rate on the freight carried
into and out of Lake Superior in the
same year was only 8 Of one mill.
Facts In . Nutshell.
You can better understand what
these figures mean If they are stated
in another way. They mean that II
you have a dollar to spend in shipping
a ton of freight you can send It 4
miles on an average road, 10 miles On
a frst-class road, 127h miles on a rail-
road. and 1880 miles on q lake vessel.
It is very easy to see that good
roads are a lot better than poor roads
but that transportation by horse and
wagon is too costly at the best to be
used except for small loads and short
distances. So far as interstate tramo
is concerned the wagon road must be
left. entirely out OF consideration. 1t
is Just as easy to see what a great
benefit would result from the building
of a railway into a region where there
was none before, and that q still
greater benefit would result from 50
improving a river that 1t Is made
dependably n%avigable when 1t was not
SO before.
Waterways increase prosperity In
three principal ways, viz: direct saw
ing, indirect saving, and by what may
be called a creative effect. The direct
saving is that which occurs on goods
actually carried by water, and some
facts which indicate how great this d.
rect saving is, will also make more
plain the vast difference between the
cost OF transportation by rail and by
water.
Through the 500 canal at the out
let of Lake Superior there we're car
ried In 1907, IS, ,214 tons of freight.
This was carried an average distance
Of 1888 miles at an average cost Of
8 Of one mill per ton-mile. If this
had been shipped by rail at the aver
age railway rate for that year (7.82
mills), it's transportation would have
cost 1898, 633, 1854 more than was paid
for Its carriage by water.
The total freight carried on all
lakes that year a in round num-
bers, 100, 900, 900 tons. This vast tom
mage was carried for $3.50, 900, 900 less
than it would have cost to send 1t By
rail, and the improvements, which pro-
duce a saving large enough to pay on
the national debt in less than two
years. cost only $85, 0o0, 200.
Proof Of Good Results.
Wouldn't you call that a pretty fair
dividend on the Investment? And don't
you think 1t would pay to improve all
our waterways as fast and as far -
we can?
But says some one. what reason
is there to suppose that improved riv-
ers would give anything like az good
results as have been obtained on the
lakes?" That is a proper question and
Is entitled to an answer.
The only waterway in this country
which has been improved as a whole
is composed Of the four lakes above
Niagara Falls, but there are many Inn
proved rivers in Europe. From a care
full study Of the results obtained on
these rivers the army engineers est
mate that when the improvement Of
the Ohio river is finished, freight car
be carried thereon for one-half mill
per ton-mile. That means that the
dollar which will carry a o 127h
miles by rail and 1880 miles by lake.
Will carry it 1000 miles by river.
Cost OF transportation will a r On
different rivers with depth, width,
swiftness of current, ETC., but tbs es-
timated cost on a completely improved
Ohio river can be increased by so per
cent before it will equal the average
cost On the lakes Il 1ee7, AID there
is still a margin Of nearly 400 per
cent. before you reach a rate one-half
as high as that by rail. It will pay T.
improve our rivers.