davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-17

could not find him. He dived again. and
after cropping about for a while found
the object OF his search and brought him
up. He then swan with the unconscious
man to a pile under the pier, where he
supported him until man in a roWboat
came to his assistance.
Lester Hanson. private in the United
States Army, won gold medal for
heroism displayed in endeayoring to save
the lives of two comrades from the
waters of San Francisco bay. California,
July %, 1910.
The seven members Of the life-saving
service whose names appear upon the
years honor roll are Henry Gill. keeper of
the service station at Port Austin, Mich.
and six members of his crew. Each of the
seven received a silver medal, the serv-
ices so recognized consisting of the
rescue of eleven men and a woman from
the steamer. Wyoming. which foundered
off Port Austin reef light. Lake Huron)
on the night of November i. 1904.
On the evening of November IL, a gale
struck the Wyoming. laden with lumber
causing her to labor so heavily that she
started to leak badly To increase the
seriousness of her plight, her boilers
shifted and in some way unexplained her
cabin took fire. Her whistles of dis
tress were heard shortly after midnight
at the life-saving station nine or ten
miles away.
Keeper Gill and his crew put off to the
assistance of the steamer in their TWEEN
ty-eight-foot lifeboat under sail, steering
for the light made by her burning ca bin.
When they had covered several miles o:
the way the light went out. Guided by
a star, however. directly in line with the
locality n which the light had been visi-
BILE, they sailed on through the darkness.
About . o'clock am. they overhauled
the wreck. and on her lee side found the
twelve persons mentioned. who had
taken refuge in the ships yawlboat.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-17
TAFI1G Uf7cEE SArfs NEWEST CROP 70 MARKET (

farmer sows his wheat. In this
method, OF course, very great
amount Of seed is wasted. Another
method is to pillow single furrow. and
plant the seed along this furrow. In
this way the seed is actually put into
the ground. which is not true in the
'eroadcasting method. Still another
method is that Of cultivating a given
strip OF land and planting the trees
along that strip. The strips occur at
given distances apart. and their cult
walton is regarded as almost equal to
a cultivation of the entire area The
final method Is known as "seed spot"
cultivation. and is becoming the favor
lite method Of the service in the great
majority Of it's tree seed paintings.
X
The seed spot method has some de-
cided advantages over broadcasting or
sowing in strips. Less seed per acre
is required. the prepared spot gives
the seed better chance to germinate
and the seedlings have a better chance
are usually made in the most favor
able places Moreover, the result of
the sowing can be more readily deter
mined.
The spots are usually prepared with
rake. The size of the spot and the
depth to which the soil is loosened
depend upon the character of the
ground cover and the species to be
Sown The spots are usually made
square, with side Of from twelve to
twenty inches. In locating them ad-
vantage Is of course, taken of any
suitable shelter available. On level
ground the turf is thrown upon the
southern side Of the spot to avoid the
reflection from the suns rays and the
consequent baking Of the young plants.
On slopes the soil is thrown upon the
lower edge of the spot in order to
aid In holding moisture. and to pre-
c1ude the burying Of the young seed
Iings by washing from above The
distance between the seed spots varies
with the species and the character OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-17

the ground, in the case of slow-grow-
Ing species usually about two feet
apart, while with more rapid-growing
trees the distance between them may
be eight or nine feet
In some cases loosening the ground to a
depth of more than two or three inches
seems lnadvisable, since the loOsened soil
dries out rapidly and the Seeding is in
to penetrate the unloosened moist soil
beneath The chief function of the spot
Is to make sure that the seed reaches the
mineral soil. and partially to eliminate,
FOR time at least. competition with grass
and other plants Where the ground
cover consists of strong growing plants
and plants which produce heavy shade
during the growing season. spots should
De even more than foot wide. Where
a Shade-enduring species is being Sown on
a moist situation the spots may even be
less than a foot wide.
OF course, this planting is vastly thicker
than it is necessary the trees should
stand when they have attained any size
but there are SO many things that may
happen to unprotected trees in the open
that 1t is best to make sure of a stand.
At best however, this is not expensive fer
most planting of this sort runs under 50
per acre.
Another method or planting the barren
portions of national forests Is that of
sowing the seed in nurseries. developing
the trees until they are some two years
of age and then carefully transplanting
them onto the forest lands. his method
is the most successful of them LII from
the standpoint of getting an ideal young
forest. 1t is, however, about three times
as expensive as the seed-spot method.
The government is finding out that the re-
establishment of excellent forests is
proposition of such excellent foundation
from a financial standpoint that it is
thoroughly convinced that an initial ex
penditure of from three % twelve dollars
an acre is the best sort of an investment.
The government has figured long and
closely upon the possibilities of returns
from these replanted forests. From ac-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-17

brought to their station. Here was an
opportunity given to any one who chose
to go into the open wood and earn money
upon his own initiative. The result was
that the young people in these cOmmuni-
ties. the boys and girls, the unemployed
even the women themselves, went into the
woods and returned with great bags OF
pine cones ready to be cashed in at the
ranger station.
The experience of Supervisor Hudson of
the Madison national forest, in Montana,
was typical. Hudson is the father OF
six lusty boys. These boys spread the
news among all the other lads of the
neighborhood that the government was
willing TO pay ~ cents a bushel for all
the pine cones that would be brought to
the station. The result was a stampede
into the woods on the part of all these
boys. Upon their return they brought
great loads of the cones. The Hudson
boys were the pOssessors of an old gray
mare She became the transportation
facilities for the organization. Whenever
she transported four bushels of cones
one of the four came to her owners
payment for the haul. Soon the old gray
mare was making two regular trips day
into camp and when she appeared it was
with difficulty that she could be identified
under the great load of pine cone bags
which she bore
Cunning plays more of a part than in
dustry in the harvesting of tree seed. The
boy who finds a squirrels hoard falls
in an industrious day. These little dem
liens of the wood are instructive misers.
They pile up of the foodstuffs that the
woods furnish great stores against the
coming of winter. Pine cones form ii
considerable part of these boards. AS
much seven bushels of pine cones have
peen found in a single squirrels hoard
Some kind-hearted people protest against
robbng the squirrels. arguing that the
little creatures are left to starve after
such misfortune. This is not in reality
a fact Each pair of squirrels has
number of burrows that are supplied with
food for the winter. None of these is
made up entirely of pine cones. If all
were robbed the squirrels would have
enough of other food to carry them
through the season. But there is little
chance that all the burrows Of n given
pair of squirrels will be found by the
cone hunters. The same is true of ground
squirrels. chipmunhs and white-footed
mice. all OF which are harborers of tree
seed. These little creatures of the woods
are cunning in the extreme, and it is no
unusual thing for them to outwit their
robbers. There was one particular ram
gers cabin in the Rockies this fall into
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-17

barge's rail. At great peril the life saw
ers took off eight persons, whom they
carried into the harbor.
By the time the boat1oad had been land
ed the sea had become SO rough that fur
Their efforts to get to the barge with the
surfboat were out of the question. More
over, night was approaching. Knowing
full we'll that those still on the wreck
must inevitably perish If attempts to eff
feet their rescue were abandoned, Capt.
Kendrick resolved to risk everything i'm
one final effort to take them off. He ac-
cOrdingly ran his tug in alongside the YES
sci. dashed the two together and remained
by the nearly submerged hulk, his deck
constantly swept by the seas, until he had
every one of the thirty-six persons safe
on board. Then he cast loose and plowed
his way back through the mountainous
waves into the harbor.
For his part in this rescue Cummings
received a gold medal. Capt. Kendrick
was honored by similar award shortly
after the services narrated were per-
formed.
Probably the most noteworthy instance
of daredevil bravery brought to the no.
tice of the committee last year-certainly
one that has few equals in the entire his
tory of medal awards-was furnished IN
the rescue by Lieut.. James NJ. Wheel
wright Of the metropolitan police. New
York city, June IS. 1910, OF two persons
from the waters of Jamaica bay. n. Y.
The services rendered by Lieut.. Wheel
wright. which were rewarded by a gold
medal. included two rescues. made within
few moments of each other.
An electric train upon which Wheel
wright was riding stopped during a Sc
we're summer storm while passing over a
trestle spanning an arm of the bay men,
toned. On inquiring what had caused the
train to stop, Wheelwright was informed
that a boat had capsised in the bay and
that the occupant, a woman, was drown
ing.
Inspired by the purpose to save her. he
ATTEMPTED to leave the train. but was
held back by the train crew. who warned
him that the trolley had grounded and
that the trestle was charged with cleo
tricity and aiiTe. But neither the entrea-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-17

ties of the trainmen nor the violence of
the storm and the turbulence OF the wa
tiers below served to dissuade the intrepid
officer from carrying out his intention.
Brushing all restraint aside, he jumped
from the cars, and then down into the
bay.
The drowning woman pulled him under
when he took hold of her, but after an
exhausting effort he got her to the wood
work supporting the railway. On reach
ing his goal he called for a rope to be let
down. The reply came thta there was
none to be had. Get the bell cord of
the train" he shouted back. His in
structions were obeyed. and both he and
the woman were soon hauled out.
The trcin was about to proceed when
the cry was raised that a man was
drowning in the bay.
Taking time only to remove his shoes
and blouse, Wheelwright once more
plunged into the water. He brought his
burden 10 the trestle and tied the bell cord
around him. as in the case of the woman;
but when the people overhead began to
haul away the crazed man grabbed his
rescuer with both arms. Then ensued a
desperate struggle, in which both went
under time and again Wheelwright at
length subdued him. however, and the
rescue was completed in short order.
Joseph F. Turner of New York city was
awarded a silver medal for rescung, jan
uary "a, 1911, young woman who had
jumped into the East river. New York.
with suicidal intent.
William F. Beecher. a patrolman, also
of New York city, was the recipient of a
silver medal for bravely rescuing Rich
ard G. Hotter at College Point, L. l., the
night of August 7, 1910.
In attempting to board the ferryboat
Hampstead. about to leave College Point
for New York. Hotter missed his foot
ing and fell into the water between the
pier and the vessel. AS he went down
his head struck the rail of the ferryboat.
rendering him unconscious. Beecher, who
was on the deck Of the vessel. ran and
dived over the side into the darkness On
coming TO the surface he swan around in
search OF the unfortunate man. but
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-17
A SHAKER For REMOVING SEED o.
2FROm THE, CONES

which it's owner steadily poured pin
cones and finally became discouraged be
cause Of his inability to fill 1t. He in
vestigated the surroundings and found ;
the cabin. A hole had been gnawet
through the floor and the little rogues O.
the trees had been carrying out the cone:
as fast as the ranger had been putting
them in
The more tedious method of getting
cones is by picking them up under trees.
picking them from overhanging limbs and
by climbing the trees and stripping the
branches of their burdens. This more
thorough method is quite generally re-
sorted to in region where the forests
are ransacked with any degree of COM
pleteness By this method a worker is
able to gather five or six bushels of
cones per day, which sell for 40 and 80
cents. So is he able to earn a fair wage
even though he does not fall upon any
OF the harvests ready prepared for him
by the little creatures Of the wood.
There is a peculiar wisdom on the part
of nature foreshadowed in the trees OF
the forest in assuring seed for the grow
ing of the young of their kind The birds
and rodents of the forest quite naturally
develop in proportion to the food supply
furnished them by the trees. Were that
Der of these small creatures would de-
velop until it was just sufficient to de-
YOUR all the food. Knowing this, the
trees go on year after year producing a
steady amount of seed. Then comes an
unusual year when the word goes through
the forest that every tree is to put on d
monster crop. Such an abundance Is to
be raised in this given year that the crea-
lures that prey upon the trees are to be
Surfeited and there is to be seed enough
left to scatter broadcast and assure the
start of new crop of young trees. The
seed harvesterS are perfectly familiar
with this trick Of nature and await these
particularly abundant years for the har-
vesting of unusually large stores of tree
seed.
The seed of the conifers is tucked
away near the center of the cones. Ma
ture placed ii in cone because 1t
would have a good chance of rolling "a
considerable distance from the base of the
tree and therefore of taking root beyond
the reach of the shadow of the tree which
bore it. Likewise is the cone protec-
ton from birds and many small animals
that could otherwise more readily get
access to the seed to devour it. The seed
itself is about the size of a pea and when
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-17

the shore and put off to the rescue Be-
fore he reached the imperiled men they
succeeded in righting their boat and get
ting into ii, but as ii was full of water
il sank until only their heads remained
above the surface. In this predicament
they were being rapidly carried by the
ebbing tide and strong river current to-
ward some dangerous eddies
Padding with all possible speed. Ave
rill reached them before they drifted into
the perilous waters. He ran in between
them, over the submerged boat. and Or
dered them to catch hold of the float at
the same time warning them not to at
tempt to climb into 1t. One was too
greatly exhausted, however, to maintain
his hold alongside. and to avert a cap
size Averill took them on board-a pro-
ceeding accomplished by catching each
by the legs and pulling him over the
gunwale at the same time. Thus weight
ed. dangerously low in the water and
with the leakiness Of the float gradually
Averill made his way shoreward. To,
add to the difficulty and danger of his
enterprise. his paddle broke while he
Vas still hundred yards or more out i'm
the river. With the blade in his hands
he nevertheless managed to propel his
boat safely to land.
One of the most daring rescues recog-
nized within the year was accomplished
by James Cummings and others Novem-
Der /, 1878. when thirty-six of COM
pany OF forty-four persons were taken
from the rigging OF the grain barge J. Fl.
Rutter, sank in eighteen feet of water
outside the harbor of Ludington, Mich.
The crew of the Ludington life-saving
station tried repeatedly to reach the
barge in their surfboat. but were driven
back at each attempt by the violent
wind and overwhelming seas. Weather
conditions were SO bad that no privately
owned tug on the water front could be
induced to venture beyond the harbor
entrance.
Capt Frederick KeE1rick. commanding
the United States tug Colonel Graham.
the least seaworthy vessel of its kind in
the harbor. offered to tow the lfe-saving
crew outside and assist them in their
work. He called for volunteers and
Cummings and four others offered their
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-17

tuaI experiments made it is estimated
that white pine forest artficially es-
tabliShed on SecOnd-claSS forest soil, In
Minnesota. will yield 1850 board feet per
acre in fifty years. worth at least $40 per
or $3.50 per acre. Figuring the
cost of planting at 81 per acre, and the
cost and care of protection at 3 cents per
acre per year, and reckoning both at :;
per cent compound interest, gives a total
cost of S34. % per acre at the time the
timber is cut and net profit per acre at
the end Of fifty years Of $43o.93.
From red pine, which is native to
Minnesota and the lake region. approx
imately similar returns may be expected.
This tree, moreover. can be planted on
poorer soil than white pine. though ii is
probable that where this was done the
yield would be slightly less.
With Douglas fir in the northwest it is
to assume that the timber
will be worth So per thousand feet on
the stump fifty years from now, and that
1t will increase in price 80 cents every
decade thereafter for perhaps fifty years.
years from now $3.50 per thousand.
Douglas fir, if as closely utilized the
white pine cited, namely, to top diameter
of four inches, should yield per acre in
fifty years 1900 board feet; in sixty
years, 5000 board feet: in seventy years.
board feet: in ninety years, 91,Oo0 board
feet, and in 100 years, 100000 board feet.
x
These yields are somewhat higher than
at present are obtained, but 1t is rea-
sonable to assume that within the next
fifty years Douglas fir will be closely
utilized, as white pine is now. Using
The above figures for stumpage and yield
gives gross profits of $3.50. S377, $500,
5000. sT2S and $s75.50. respectively.
.rln r. n at 1n-C
,ost than if seedlings were planted. Plac-
ng the cost of seeding at 81 per acre
and protection at 3 cents per acre per
year and figuring both at per cent COM
pound interest gives a net profit al the
md of fifty years of S261. 0S; at the end
IF sixty years of S34S.54; at the end of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-17

play gu III TeSCulES OF at
tempting TO rescue the drowning? Ii is
badge of distinction coveted by many, but
bestowed upon few.
He who is lucky enough to receive one
finds himself richer in a worldly sense
as well in honor. for the medal is
nearly as big as a cart wheel To be
stsictly accurate. it is more than an
eighth of an inch thick. measures one
and three-quarter inches from rim TO
rim and weighs fully five ounces In
the open market 1t will bring as much as
$3.50 In the coin OF the realm 1t costs
considerably more than that figure. how
ever. counting in expense of manufac-
ture and trimmings and the leather
covered satin-iined case in which 1t finds
It's way into the hands of the gallant re-
cipient
II you think YOU would like to obtain
one here is the recipe:
A well filled measure OF experiences in
swimming, a liberal supply of endurance
a generous helping OF Judgment; stir well
and mix with an equal quantity OF daring
Keep the preparation always on hand
and an eye open for opportunity. Then
when il comes-when you see some I'M
fortunate bather throw up his hands and
go down. or some careless person tumble
OF pier or q treStle, break through the
ice or fall overheard from a vessel
plunge into the water without stopping to
consider the risk and strike out to the
rescue.
Whether or not you succeed in bring
Ing your man ashore is unimportant so
FAR as your reward is concerned 1t is
the degree of danger incurred and the
resourcefulness displayed by you that
count When Your endeavor is analysed
by the officials who review applications
for iife-saving medals you may find that.
although you followed the formula given,
you failed, through no fault Of your own,
10 WIN the yellow emblem of bravery.
In performing the service for which you
seek recognition you may not have had
q swim any considerable distance. the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-17
cONCENTRA .TlNG
The HARVEST

extracted appears not unlike some Earis-
ties Of peas
After the cones are collected the first
necessity is to thoroughly dry them
that they may be threshed. One method
of accomplishing this is to place them
upon canvas in the sun. This can
not be depended upon because wet
weather may interfere with the dry
may spoil the seed. AS the govern
ment develops this industry Of tree
seed gathering it is finding many
methods of improving upon the devices
resorted to in the beginning. 1t has
developed, for instance, a seed drawing
house, in which it places great racks
OF trays containing cones. When these
are in place artificial heat is intro
duced, and the cones are carefully dried
until their condition is just right for
threshing.
When thoroughly dry they are placed
in cone shaker, which is a device
operated upon the principle of the old
barrel churn. The shaker is filled half
full and a crank is turned, which
throws the cones violently from one
side to the other of the shaker and
jars the seed out of them. The seeds
are not very firmly fastened into the
cones, and are freed without any great
amount of difficulty. Unless the shak-
ing process is repeated several times
some Of the seed escapes. Because of
this the cones are sometimes run
through a regular steam grain sepa-
rater before the process is regarded as
complete.
This is the method by which the
United States government last fall
came into possession of $4,000 pounds
of pine tree seed. In addition to this
- coo pounds were bought abroad.
Every year the government is gaining
a better understanding of the methods
of collecting tree seeds. and at present
it is only question of appropriation
for 1t to be able to secure all the seed
that it needs for refOrestatiOn. When
it is known that in one pound Of the
Douglas fir seed there Is the POSSIBLE
ity of $4,000 plants or in Engelmann
spruce 175,OOO plants or in western red
cedar 100000 plants. it may be seen
that no great weight of tree seed will
replant a considerable area in trees ten
feet apart. Upon this basis of 100000
pounds of tree seed. which is about the
amount the government is now secur-
ing each year. 1t may be readily seen
that considerable areas may be planted.
The time Of the year when tree seed
should be planted varies in different
localities. but as a general proposition
it has been found advisable to plant
them in the fall Of the year Then
they get the advantage of the melting
SHOWS and spring rains and terminate
early, thus having time to send root
down a considerable distance before
the droughts of the summer set in.
The methods of sowing the seed
have been many and varied. The first
to be tried was that of broadcasting
in much the manner in which the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-17

ceived a thorough drenching but all
luckily managed to cling TO the boat as
1t righted. A landing was made at ;
am. a mile southeast of the Polnte aux
BarQues nfe-saving station, to which
place all repaired for much-needed sue
cor.
Capt Louis ]. Van Schaick. one of the
two army officers who figure in the year :
list of awards, distinguished himself Sep
TENDER 5, 1901, In the rescue of a private
soldier who was about to drown in the
Barac river, province of Batangss.
Philippine Islands.