davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1911-12-22

1t will be seen that some of the
land produced as much as two, ant
even three crops. Plat A, for in
stance, sown to fall rye on Sept. 10th
had the crop entirely removed by June
LIST. This plat was Immediately ma
nured, irrigated, plowed and seeded
to. peas and barley. Plat 3, pro.
duced three crops of alfalfa. Plat c.
seeded to peas and oats on April LIST
had the crop removed by June 25th
and on June 30th, after having been
MANFRED and irrigated, was again
seeded to peas and barley. These
, crops were cut every other morning
and a rack in the corral filled, there
being sufficient feed to last for two
days. Dry alfalfa was also always
left in the manger under the shed,
and the cows ate during the season
between two and three tons of hay.
We believe that we have in this
system solved the problem of the
small farm. 1t has been argued in
the past that for successful dairy
practice, a large acreage was neces-
sary. We believe that we have dem
onstrated with this experiment that
| this is not essential.
There can Re no possible objection
to using the same land over and over
again during the same season if care
be taken to replenish the elements
which are taken out by the crops.
These cows are kept in close con-
finement, the manure is carefully
conserved and returned to the soil.
We do not claim for this system
that 1t is new practice. Repeated
experiments have been made in other
states, notably Wisconsin, on this sub
ject, and with excellent results. We
wish also to refer you to the Chan
mel Islands, Guernsey and Jersey. The
Island of Jersey is q miles long and
4 to miles wide. 1t has a popula-
ton of $1,000 and has forty to fifty
thousand visitors annually. The av-
erage size Of the farm is acres, and
there are now 10000 acres farmed.
On this amount of farming land they
are keepink approximately 1880
head of Jerseys and $500 head Of
horses. This makes approximately
fifteen thousand head of live
stock supported from ten thousand
acres of land, or " head to ev-
cry acre of farm. All the cattle are
soiled the year around, except the
COWS for milk which are tethered.
These Jersey farmers are the most
scientific farmers in the world; they
make enormous profits from their
land, and believe this is due large
ly to the soiling system.
In speaking in some what specific
terms regarding these soiling crops, |
l desire to make plea particularly
for few of them: Rye is less SEN
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1911-12-22

sitive to cold than wheat and its veg
citation is more rapid. 1t makes 9
vigorous growth early in the spring
and by May 18th on an average farm
in the west, cutting can be under
way. / would recommend that the
seeding be rather heavy, at least u
to Il bushels per acre. Alfalfa, OF
course, Is the king of all forage crops
There is no question as to its adapt
ability to our western soils. 1t is
almost perfectly balanced food in
itself, and is an ideal crop in the soil
ing system. have found, however,
That when it comes to a question of
the very best soiling rations for pro-
ducing the greatest amount of milk,
there is no forage crop that excels
peas and oats sOWm together. Sow
as early in the spring as the ground
will permit, and begin cutting just
as soon as the oats begin to head out
and the peas have, we'll grown pods.
l have had successful experience in
seeding these at the rate of n bush
els to the acre each, drilling the oats
one way and cross drilling with the
peas. The peas should be put in
deeper than the oats. There are some
farmers in Salt Lake county who feel
that peas and oats are more profita-
bic as forage crop than alfalfa, and
since experimenting with this crop
have decided that the alfalfa weevil
has no terrors for them.
1t will be observed that when seed
ing peas and oats the second seeding
is made 1U days after the first, sim
ply so that we may have the crop in
right condition for feeding. If al
lowed to stand too long the crop is
not palatab,e. Corn, of course, should
be sowed thick. The most convenient
way OF planting is with the grain drill
so arranged as to drop kernel ev-
cry 4 to 6 inches and in rows about
Is inches apart. Barley is planted
with peas in a later seeding, not be-
cause barley is any better than oats,
but simply because it thrives so much
better in the dry, hot part of the sea-
son than does oats.
There are great many other crops
that are used for soiling purposes in
other sections of the country, such as
winter vetch, cow peas, sofa beans,
etc, but these crops do not seem to
thrive well under the climatic con-
ditions prevailing here.
do not mean to infer that dairy
cattle are the only animals that can
be successfully put under the soiling
system. 1t is just as feasible to soil
horses or sheep as it is cattle. l be-
lieve, too, that this system works as
well on cheap land as on high priced
lands. The system is an excellent ap-
plication of the idea of "a small farm
well titled, etc. 1t is my firm con-
viction that nowhere in the world will
a soiling system work to better ad-
than right here in the irri-
gated valleys of the west.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1911-12-22

1t may be thought that we have
used here a very large amount OF
seed. In practice, however, it Is
nearly impossible to get perfect dis
tribution of seeds, and equally i'm
possible to get them covered uni
formly SO that one can count only
on very small percentage of ger
mination. In seeding grasses it is
extremely important to get the seed
evenly distributed. Ordinarily one
gets the best results with the use of
those seeders with wing discs that
throw the machine on either side, the
men walking and turning the seed by
hand. The wheelbarrow seeder also
gives good results. Drills, of course,
are most efficient, but care must be
taken to prevent getting the seed too
deep. Blue prass especially, requires
the very lightest covering. l know,
too, many farmers who advise seed
ing these grasses always with nurse
crop. If he will SOW one bushel to
the acre of spring barley, selecting
a short strawed strong variety that
will not lodge and then cut early, he
will be providing shade for the young
grasses and can almost absolutely de-
pend upon success. ..
1t will be observed after year or
two that some of the grasses are in
creasing and some are becoming ex-
tinct. 1t will be found, therefore,
wise practice early in the spring as
the snow Is disappearing, to plant
the seed of those grasses that are
disappearing and then to loosen the
grass sod by the use of sharp
tooth harrow. 1t is mistake to feel
that the pasture does not need ferti-
lization. Pasture should be covered
at least every other year with a coat
ing of we'll rotted barnyard manure,
and this thoroughly narrowed so as to
give even distribution, early in the
spring. AS a rule we have few
days in February when this work can
be done to advantage. Another mis-
take in handling pastures is to give
the animals the free use of the en-
tire pasture. The best practice de-
mands that there shall be at least
two or three fields to avoid close
grazing. The cattle should be kept
out of one field while it is being ir-
rigated, and the grass allowed to OBJ
tain good start. BY changing cat
tie around in different fields, there is |
less waste with the grasses and there
Is decided advantage gained by way
Of permitting the grasses to get a |
good start.
l am very strongly of the opinion |
that pastures seeded along the lines
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1911-12-22

soil can be carried on. The seed bee
| must be extremely fine. When one
examines the seed of any of oul
grasses or cloyers, it must be readily
understood that there is very little
nourishment stored away, and the
young and tender plant must soon be.
gin to draw upon the soil for its
nourishment.
Time of Seeding-In the east long
experience has shown that the fall
is the best time for seeding. Re-
peated experiments here, however
have demonstrated that on irrigated
land we secure best results by spring
seeding. If the land is prepared the
previous fall the seed can be sown
very early in the spring, and the
plants will become well established
before the hot dry weather begins.
1t should be remembered that one
can hardly sow grass seed too early
in the spring.
The Mixture to Select--Many of the
grass mixtures given out by the seed
houses are silly conglomerations,
some of which are made up of few
good varieties and then poor ones
thrown in simply to throw chaff in
to the eye of the customer Howev-
er, there are many advantages in mix
lures rather than single seed. Some
grasses start very early in the
spring, while others do not begin I'M
til late in the summer, and there
are scarcely two grasses that have
the same time of growth. BY COM
bining them we have, therefore,
constant succession of fresh succu-
lent grasses. The evil in mixture
is that sometimes there is in it a
grass of inferior quality, and that
one will be neglected and the others
grazed, so that after time the in
ferior grass is left in the ascendancy.
have tested number of different
mixtures on various soils and have
found the following mixture of grass
es an excellent one for the intermoun-
tain sections.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1911-12-22

suggested here will be the most pro-
fitable part of the farm. Mr.. A. H.
Sanders, probably one of the best ag-
ricultural authorities in America,
was asked at one time as to how valu-
able land should be before 1t would
be Improbable for pasture grasses,
and he replied that land never
could become too valuable for pas
ture." 1t is certain that too much
specialization in agriculture results
in an insecure system of farm man
agement, and in the end an utter
failure. We must have livestock
and feed the soil so that it in turn
can keep the plants growing upon it.
The Selling System-There are a
great many people in this country
who have come to the conclusion that
the soiling system offers many ad-
vantages over pastures. / have had
considerable experience with soiling
crops, and have become entirely
converted to the fact. that there is a
place in our western agriculture for
this system of husbandry. By soil
ing we mean growing a constant
succession of crops, cutting them and
feeding to the animals in an inclo-
sure. The advantages claimed for
this system over pasturage are num-
erous. 1t is claimed that it saves
land; second, saves fences; third,
saves food; fourth, results in better
condition and more comfort for the
farm animals; fifth, greater pro-
duction of beef, milk, wool or NUT,
ton; sixth, increased quality and
quantity of barnyard manure. The
disadvantages are, that it requires in
creased labor. In our small irrigated
farms, however, there is no question
but that the increased profit more
than compensates for the extra labor
Mr.. III. Stewart, who has had many
years of experience in soiling, says
that 500 spent in extra labor by
this system, is replaced ten times over
in the saving of land, saving of feed
and saving of manure. There is no
reason why the farmer should object
to extra labor when there is found
to be profit in it. 1T is rarely that
a man accumulates wealth from the
labor of his own hands.
Some of our western farmers have
tried this system and have found that
the soiling system gives even better
results here than in the eastern Sec
ton. This is due to the fact that in
the east lack of moisture may at crit
ical times seriously retard the growth
of plants, while here under irrigation
moisture can be applied at any time
desired.
Some years ago l made an expert
ment with the soiling system in Salt
Lake county. 1t may seem somewhat
to say that the product of
two acres of ground proved sufficient
to maintain IL dairy cows from the
5th of May until the 5th of October.
1t should be added, however, that
these cows ate in addition to the feeds
here, some alfalfa, and eacn
had a daily grain ration varying from
four to eight pounds. The following |
soiling crops were used and the time
Of sowing is shown, as we'll as the |
time of cutting, the daily feed per
cow and the acreage required for IL
cows:
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1911-12-22
THE CARE OF THE ORCHARD

BY e. d. Ball. director Utah expert
ment station.
There is no use planting, cultivat-
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1911-03-12
THE REFORM SCHOOL.

There are two kinds of boy crimi-
nails. One is innocent, guilty only Of
an unthoughtful depreciation which
has violated the laws of the state
and brought him into trouble. The
otner is vicious. and guilty of malici-
Gus and wilful crimes against the
state with the intent of doing wrong.
The former can be reformed and
made into a good citizen. The latter
has no future except that of crim;-
nal. 1t is wrong to throw these boys
together in any way that is likely to
corrupt the better boys by the con-
tact and not benefit the others. The
good boy is always Influenced by the
bad and the bad receive little better
ment from the good.
In the state training school for
boys at Boonville, all boys are thrown
together. The smaller and better boys
arc influenced by the older and worse.
All work together. This is a bad
thing and kills the influence of the
better things about the school.
1t is necessary to imprison some of
the more vicius boys. They fire.
que9tly make an attempt to escape.
There are no walls around the in
stitution, nor are there bars on the
W 'ndows. Provisions for absolute
confinement are not made.
Some of these boys need the re
straint of a prison, while some need
only the good influences and training
of a reform school. 1t is wrong to
place the taint of prison upon the
innocent boy offender. and it is nec-
essary to confine and thus punish
certain malicious boy criminals. A
new school is needed. The good
should be separated from the bad. IL
should be built either to punish or
to correct, and the present one adapt
ed to the office the new one does not
fill.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1911-03-12
A CONCERT WORTH WHILE.

The last concert of the series under
the direction of the Phi Mu Alpha
will be given next Wednesday night
Mlscha Elman, violinist, who is with.
out question the best artist in the
series, will play.
Music is part of broad education
This series of concerts should be
regarded by students and others mere
as an extension of the educational OPP
portunities of Columbia 1t is an op-
pOrtunity which University folk
should prize highly.
Mischa Elman is young man.
about the average age of students. in
the University.
The University Auditorium should
be crowded when Mischa Elman plays
next Wednesday night.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1911-03-12

That we take an active. personal and
professional interest i'm the proposed
extens on of the work and course in
Journalism and that we urge the in
pOrtance of the installation of a model
newspaper plant on the campus of the
university. for publication of a col
lege paper under direction of the de-
partment of journalism; and that we
as editors and publishers of Ohio ex-
press our faith in the project by per-
sOnally addressing letters to members
of the legislature urging a suitable
appropriation for the erection of the
contemplated Hall of Commerce and
Journalism at the university, at the
same time making known our convic-
tions through our news and editorial
columns
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1911-03-12
ANNOUNCEMENT.

The John N. Taylor Automobile
Company of Columbia, Mo-, art
pleased to announce that they are the
distributors and selling agents in Co
lumbia and Boone county of the ia
nous E. NJ. F. go" Automobiles sell
ing at $1,000. and the Flanders go" al
500, both backed by gilt-edge
guarantee for one full year. These are
the greatest cars on earth at these
prices. We solicit an opportunity to
prove this to you.
We are also factory representatives
and selling agents for the full line OF
Buick" and Regal" ears, including
the Regal full under-slung Roads.
ter" at $500, Regal go. Touring
car with fore-doors at S1,050, and the
Regal 40" seven passenger Touring
car with fore-doors at s1,65O; also the
Baker" and "Rauch and Lang E1ec-
tric." A full line of these new 1911
cars can be seen i'm our display rooms
at Columbia. Ask for demonstra-
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1911-03-12
Viewpoints.
Praises the University Orchestra.

Editor The Missourian: l wish to
speak a word for the nrst annual con-
cert to be given by the University of
Missouri orchestra in the auditorium
March 90. This is something new in
university life. 1t is the first of its
kind ever given here. Most colleges
have always had orchestfas but the
University of Missouri waited until
1910 to organize one We have had
the annual glee club and band con-
certs and now it is up to the students
and faculty members to support the
new arrival. As far as real music Is
the orchestra will surpass
anything heretofore given. 1t is rec
ognized as one of the highest forms
of expression, and for real art nothing
can approach It.
The orchestra has reached its high
est development in the big city SYM
phony orchestras, where from fifty to
a hundred instruments play the long
classical works by Haydn and other
symphony composers. The University
orchestra is the same on smaller
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1911-03-12
REASON WHY SERIES.
Seeking To Show How a Study of The Various Courses
In The University of Missouri Equip The
Student For Future Usefulness
Practical Values of College Course-By 4. Ross Hill
President of the University of Missouri

The presentation of general dis.
cussion as the first in this series of
articles may seem like a case of at.
tempting to shoot bear by aiming at
him generally. But | have the weak.
ness of trying to do what is requested
OF me. and perhaps | can call attel.
ton to a few general principles that
may receive confirmation and be CIV
en- concrete meaning in later arti-
cle:.
BY practical values suppose it is
not meant exclusively economic
values whether for the individual or
for society, and accordingly the term
practical" will here be used to in
clude all that tends to increase the
individuals efficiency and his power
of appreciation, that enables him to
get more out of life and to contribute
more to the lives of others. Some Of
these values are mentioned below. 1t
will also be assumed that the subjects
of the college course are so taught as
to realize the normal expectations
from their study and that the student
SO directs his work and his life while
in college that he may reasonably ex-
pect to benefit by his college study
and college experience.
Many/a youth at about eighteen
years of age when he enters college
has not fully discovered himself. does
not know what his permanent life IN
terests are. or the lines of human ac-
tivity to which he will be able to de-
vote himself with enthusiasm and
success The college course tends to
bring him into touch with typical
forms of human experience and en-
deavor, and thus makes more prob
able q wise selection of profession or
calling. The high school course in
this country is too short and the OPP
portunit:es for gaining 4 reasonable
of ones own interests and capacities
too limited to make it desirable for
the majority of students to enter
upon professional or technical studies
or intensive specialization in any line
without some college training. in
this University we have recently
made two years of such training the
minimum, which is practically the
equivalent of graduation in Arts
quarter of century age.
A college training should tend to
establish those habits of analytical.
reflective. critical and logical think
ing that are essential to mental pow
er" and the highest efficiency. In
fact one can often distinguish the col
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1911-03-12

strife. and there will be peace unto
all men-laboring men.
Many Americans. are concerned in
the movement and are active in the
army which is battling for this Uto
pia. They are filled with ideals OF
eommunistic government, which, IL
realized, will make them happy-and
make them leaders.
With true sOcialistic you do the
work" ideas they assert that the
Americans must take care of those
injured in battles. The Red Cross
has already given $1,000 to aid them
But they are not satisfied. TheiI
mission is to take care of the strong
labOring man, and let the injured
weakling take, care of himself-Or be
taken care of by a republican nation
Such men are not competent 20
manage anything, much less a gov
ernment. They themselves are shift,
less, and immigration to the new ma.
ton, if the nation is ever established,
will be composed of persons who are
too shiftless to make a living for
themselves and are hunting an easy
place to live.
Brook Farm" contained many oi
the most brilliant: of Americans, but
even they thought to let the other
fellow do the work while they basked
in the sun of literature. The result
was that the community broke"
Living on the other fellows labor
is what socialists accuse capitalists
of doing. but in a socialistic commun-
ity everyone tries 10 see that if there
S any work done it is by someone
other than himself So we do not pre-
dict any great future for a socialistic
nation in semi-tropical Lower Cali
fornia.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1911-03-12
CoIumbia's Cab Service,

Editor The Missourian: 1t is not
possible for Columbia to have a de.
pendable cab system? The need 6f
having cab service at the night traias
IN a town where there is as much
travel as the schools bring to Colum-
bia would be, it seems, manifest. Un-
fortunately for visitors there are fire.
quent times when cabs cannot be pro-
cured for passengers who wish to 90
to a train or for those who arrive on
the train and want a cab to take them
home NEW COLUMBIA.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1911-03-12
PREJUDICE.

There is nothing that interferes
more with persons advancement
than prejudice 1t is one element in
the constitution of mankind that is
certain to react against its posses
sor.
Prejudice is the unfairness of hui
man nature. 1t keeps the man. who
is up from getting higher. and it pre-
vents the man who is down from get
ting up. Ii is the characteristic that
prevents the brotherhood of man
kind.
Certain prejudices are inherited.
Others are acquired through contact
with, and generally defeat by, the
thing against which we are preiudiced.
1t is the egotism of man denying to
comprise again with that which has
once defeated him.,
1t takes a broad mind to accomplish
the great things in this world. And
broad minds are never victims of
prejudice. More men, otherwise great,
have been adjudged mediocre because
of their prejudice. Abraham Lincoln
and Washington were men without a
strain of unfairness or prejudice in
their natures and their fame accrues
with the rapidity of compound inter-
est.
Education is to overcome prejudice,
and when man leaves his college
career behind him, if there IS one
atom of prejudice or unfairness with
in him, the ideal of education has
been thwarted That man will live
and die, monument to his own self
ishness, and no other memorial will
ever be erected to his fame that might
have been.
University Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1908-1916, 1911-03-12

scale. II has soTe of the best musi-
clan in Missouri. Under the direction
of George Venable It has attained 4
marvellous capability of producing the
best of classical music. Although it
has been just recently organized it
is said by many to be the best orches-
ira in the state. Kansas City wants an
orchestra and is agitating for a
symphony orchestra of home talent.
Kansas City would be glad to hear All
orchestra like the one here.
/, University students do not appre-
ciate the opportunities they have.
Let's show that we are behind such
a movement by turning out at the first
annual concert. p. A.