davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-11-06

solely to its membership. Leaders of
public thought and workers for the
common good in every community,
great and small. have been appealed
to to lend a hand in the widespread
revival" If such 1t might be called.
The Governors of the States were ap-
pealed to to issue proclamations de-
claring the week of 18th Good Roads
Week" and in many instances mayors
Of municipalities have seconded such
efforts. Public meetings on behalf of
Good Roads, to be addressed by
prominent men, have been planned in
all sections of the country and in some
instances there will be ''object lessons
in good roads construction An i'm
portant new move is seen in the effort
to interest the school children all over
the country in Good Roads and the first
move in this direction viii be made
during Good Roads Week by means
of special exercises in the schools. For
the use of teachers in this connection
the American Association has pre-
pared a manual giving directions as
to how to, interest the youthful mind
in the subject and impress its impor-
lance. Finally, even the preachers,
particularly the pastors of country
churches. have been appealed to to
make mention of the good roads agi-
tation from their pulp1ts.
The first American Road Congress
at Richmond is to be conducted on u
plan radically different from any other
similar gathering in the past. On
the three successive days the good
roads problem will be approached
from three different angles. The first
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-11-06

day of the meeting will be known as
National Day. On this occasion ma
tional and State officials having to do
and there will be discussion of such
topics as road legislation. traffic regu-
lation, etc.
Association Day. and will be given
over to the consideration of ways and
means for promoting organization in
behalf of good roads and every phase
of educational work for the cause. The
third day will be known as En-
gineers' Day and will be devoted to
the technical and practical problems
connected with good roads construc-
ton and maintenance. The most
prominent speaker at this open parlia-
ment of the practical road makers will
probably be Mr.. Harold Parker, Chair
man of the State Highway Commits
sion of Massachusetts. the dean of
American highway commissioners and
possibly our greatest authority on
good roads.
Another unique feature of the great
congress will be found in the partici-
patton of the touring automobilists of
America through their official organi-
cation, the Touring Club of America.
This will mark the first instance in
which a big national automobile or
ganization has systematically coop
Grated with a national good roads as
ISOLATION. backed by governmental
agencies, and the significance can
scarce be overestimated in view of the
concern of the motorists to obtain
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-11-06

its side, but was apparently unable
to swim away with such a cargo as it
encompassed. After such a find as
that. the captain gave up turtle hunt
ing, and rowed back to the ship
where he placed the little fish in spir-
its for safe preservation. tt was later
presented TO the museum of the Uni
versity OF Christiania
The grotesque specimen called Me
lanocetus Johnsonii,'' named after its
discoverer. Mr.. Johnson, who found
this strange little fish at Medeira, is
the only known specimen so far pro-
cured
Its hght-bearing spine is much
shorter than some OF the other mem
bers possess. but the measurements Of
the mouth would seem to make I'D for
any lack in other possessions. This
huge mouth enables the fish to take In
other fishes much larger than itself.
and to accommodate such hearty
meals, the sack with which the abdo-
men is provided may be greatly dis
tended as the stomach requires more
room.
This fish is mostly made up of head,
and when the mouth is closed, both
jaws take the vertical position. The
position of the mouth and overhang-
ing light show very clearly their re-
lation to each other and disclose the
manner in which this strange fish pro
cures its food.
The peculiar fishes described above
belong to the large order of Angler
fishes, also called frog fishes, a
hideous specimen of which is pictured
herewith. These latter fishes are
found all over the sea bottom, from
the depths to more shallow places.
and from their unprepossessing ap-
pearance it is probably just as well
that they reside far away from the
gaze of those who enjoy forms which
are more pleasing. They lie sub
merged in the muddy bottom of the
ocean, waving the tiny flag with which
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-11-06

performs similar duties for Uncle
Sam, being the Treasurer of the
United States. President Taft is
member of the new Association and
has most strongly commended its
work.
However, It must not be supposed
from the presence of so many promi-
nent Federal officials in the executive
directory of the new body that the
American Association for Highway
Improvement is a governmental prof.
ect. Government officials are active
in it's campaign but only as individuals
and private citizens are equally re-
sponsible for its policies. Two Of the
most influential positions In the Asso-
citation are held by leading railway
men. Mr.. w. c. Brown, president of
the New York Central lines. is Vice
President of the Association. and Louis
Hill. president Of the Great Northern
Railroad Company, is Chairman of the
Board of Directors. And this brings
to mind what a very prominent part
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-11-06

good roads and the sums which they
are willing to contribute. directly or
indirectly, to such millennium. The
automobile tourists who have prom
ised to attend the Richmond Congress
have their own little plan for helping
along the agitation of the subject at
this juncture. They are going to
tour" to Richmond from all parts
of the country in motor cars bedecked
with banners boosting for good
roads 1t is expected that from 500 to
1000 cars will have part in the great
caravan that will rendezvous at the
capital of the Old Dominion, and the
motorists propose to take hand in
the discussions at the meetings. touch
ing on such topics as registration, Ii
censing of automobiles, etc.
Finally in the category of unique
attributes of this initial Road Con-
gress we must not neglect to mention
that there will be also held the first
National Road Exposition worthy of
the name which has been given in the
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-11-06

United States. There will be national
and State exhfbits-the United States
Government Office of Public Roads
having prepared a particularly in
structive display including models of
every type of road and models of in
teresting examples of road machinery
of foreign and domestic manufacture,
The moving spirit in the project for
Good Roads Week. and the first
American Roads Congress is Mr.. J. E.
Pennypacker, Jr., who has in years
past become known to every good
roads enthusiast in the united States
by reason of his splendid work
Chief Of Road Management of the
United States Department OF Agricul->
ture, but who Is now devoting his en-
tire time to his duties as Secretary of
the American Association for High
way Improvement The President of
the Association is Mr.. L. W. Page, who
is also the Director of the United
States ONCE of Public Roads The
Treasurer is Mr.. Lee McClung. who
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-11-06
Front View.

or so. therefore. the ocean bottom,
even in comparatively shallow places.
rests in a darkness so intense, that our
darkest night may not be compared
Herewith. Lieutenant Perry de-
scribed the darkness Of the long polar
night as so dense that one seemed to
really feel II, but we may imagine that
the darkness OF the ocean bottom is
more complete than even that OF a
polar night.
The ever-wakeful and constant ac-
tivity Of curious humans, in it's best
and most intelligent efforts termed
SCIENCE" is responsible for most of
the knowledge that is preserved to us
from the past, and is constantly bring
ing to light added knowledge and the
cries developed from findings of the
present.
In the study of the great fish family.
with its wonderful variety of forms
and coIorings, ranging from the beau
tiful to the grotesque and hideous,
there IS provided a large subject of
SURPRISING interest.
There are many varieties of fishes
which live near the surface of the
sea continually, while others are
found deeper down.-and still others
at great depths. The fishes which
form the subject of this article, how
ever,- are of the lowest order. in one
sense at least. in that their lives are
spent, most Of the time, on the very
bottom of the "fathomless Deep in
that total and intense blackness Of
everlasting night which continually
battles. the vast floor. OF the oceans
depths
Certain valuable fossil remains and
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-11-06

liar to these deep sea fishes is the To-
cation of the gill openings, which is
back of the side, or pectoral, fms. The
gill openings are so small in the speci-
mems shown that it is not very easy
to find them. The mouths of all the
species are huge, and the tiny black
eyes of most of these fishes are con-
veniently located near the top Of the
head, where they may keep an eye
out" for any creature that is at
tracted by the suspended light. The
black skins of these strange little
fishes are completely covered with
minute, embedded. conicaI spines,
which afford some protection for
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-11-06

the backward direction of the teeth
Of the lower jaw. This arrangement
assures a more than slim chance for
the escape of any victim which once
gets nabbed by the powerful jaws of
this hidden enemy. The method of
spawning of these fishes is as remark
able as the fishes themselves. The
eggs are laid in large quantities which
form a raft-like sheet. sometimes
three feet wide by thirty feet long and
containing nearly one and one-half
million of eggs, which float upon the
surface of the water where the suns
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-11-06

first specimen of "Manca1ias," as one
variety of these strange fish is called,
was taken. This remarkable specimen
Of light-bearing fish was brought up
at point in the Middle Atlantic. be-
tween the Canary and Cape Verde
Islands, where the sea measured 2,400
fathoms in depth, or a tri1e over two
and one-third nautical miles down!
This single specimen secured at this
time was described in 1878 by the
English naturalist, Sir John Murray,
and is preserved at present in that
great storehouse of curiosities and
treasures=the British Museum. It is
not a large fish, being only three and
one-half inches in length, and of a
uniform blackish color. The general
appearance of the specimen referred
to may be seen from the illustration
of a very similar specimen called
'Mancalias Shufeldtii.'' The peculiar,
whip-like, jointed appendage project
ing from the top OF the head is
formed from the first cephatic spine,
and is provided with a small, pear
shaped. luminous bulb, which may be
swung abouk in various directions. AS
of the sea bottom, this queer little
lantern is held aloft, some think to
allure prey within handy distance,
while others say it serves as an organ
of sense to give notice of the approach
of any passing fishes which may serve
as food for the individual resting so
comfortably in the mud. There are
about one thousand species in this
family of "Ceratiidae." and all known
forms ara of a uniform b1aclxish color
"a very fitting color where total
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-11-06

their long front spine is tipped, and
when a too curious customer happens
along to Investigate the matter. be is
carried away" by a surprise which Is
especially prepared for him. 1t is in
teresting to observe what long use and
natural selection have done in modify
ing the side fms of these grotesque fell
lows. so that they partake more Of
arms than of fms, and are only used
to shuttle about among the weeds and
grasses of the oceans bottom in the
more shallow places. You will notice
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-11-06

stay.
This grotesque specimen of fish was
found floating on the surface of the
sea by Captain P. Andersen while on
a voyage to the West Indies. It was
in May of 1877, while he was captur-
ing turtle in his boat, about three de-
grees west of Madeira, that his atten-
ton was attracted to this queer little
fish, not quite two inches long, on the
waters surface. Captain Andersen
wrote that it was not surprising that
the little fish was almost motionless
while floating there. as he discovered
it had just swallowed a fish longer
than ITSELF He said it did not lie on
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-11-06

the railroad people are now taking IN
advancing the cause of good roads.
They have awakened to the fact that
better roads and a more complete sys-
tenn OF them are absolutely essential
to increased and permanent prosperity
in this country condition much to
be desired by the railroads. And,
moreover. without accusing the rail-
road people of selishness. they can
scarcely be blind to the fact that farm
| products will not be shipped over the
rails in maximum quantities II IL re-
quires too much time and too much
labor to transport them from the place
of origin to the nearest railway sta
ton.
The scheme to put road improve
ment in the United States on better
basis now contemplates the employ
ment of tho American Association for
Highway Improvement as a sort OF
clearing house that will pass on all
good roads schemes wherever they
may originate and that will, as mem
toned above. seek to bring together
all the various local associations. har-
monizing their aims and policies IL
they are working at cross purposes.
One of the important aims of the new
Association is to bring about uniform
road legislation in all the States. The
payment of road taxes in cash is an
other needed reform that is to be
striven for. Yet another project con-
templates enlisting the forty-one thou
sand Rural Free Delivery mail car
riers OF the country as good roads mis-
sionaries.
While much remains to be done TO
bring about the good roads millennium,
tremendous progress has been made
throughout the entire country. Suf-
icient details are now in hand to at
test that the present year is going to
prove away ahead of every previous
twelvemonth in our history in the con-
struction and repair OF roads. In
1904, which may be fairly cited for
comparison, the total expenditure in
the United States for the construction
and maintenance of roads and bridges
amounted to about $50. 0OO, 900, where
as the expenditure for similar purposes
in 1911 Is going to total more than
$14O, 100000. This means an expen-
diture OF nearly a million dollars a
day during the months that make I'D
what is known as the road building
season.
The different States are doing
wonders in this direction. Probably
California can claim the championship
for she has issued $1s.0OO,OOO in
bonds to construct a system OF State
highways and the work has been COM
menced this year. The little State OF
Connecticut is spending about $3.50
600 out Of the State treasury this year
to provide better roads. Massachu-
sets IS adding another million dollars
to her big expenditures on roads and
the outlay of New York State Is ex-
pected to reach $4,000. 900, In addi-
ton to $7,OO0.0OO raised by local taxa
tion- Although California has the big
authorization above noted, New York
Is actually spending day by day more
money on good roads than any other
state and she has doubled her area
of improved roads in about ha1f
dozen vaa-s
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-11-06

There has not been found much OF
value of animal life from deep dredg-
ing. as wide-awake fish are not TO be
taken in such a manner, so we prob
ably have little idea of the actual pop
ulation or forms Of the creatures
which pass their lives 50 far beyond
the ken OF man. Nothing Of much &C
count would be gained from the scrap
ing of a great dredge along the
ground of some plateau or prairie,
from great heights above. to ascertain
what manner Of living creatures in
habited this world of ours which we
think is so full of many wonderful and
interesting things. The difficulty OF
deep sea dredging IS enormous. and
we may give much credit to man for
what his energy and skill have already
accomplished. Time may arrive when
men may explore the oceans depths
to more advantage, but the enormous
water pressure of the lower regions
would seem to preclude a personal in
vestigation. unless some great pres.
'sure-resisting. diving-ben could be in
vented, for the creepy" occupation OF
deep sea investigation.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-11-06
Some StrQnge dishes w x1,
.HICHCARRY
ALIGHT

warmth may meet them This Is GER
tainly a handy way OF sending the
Matching interests Of the family to the
roof-garden while sustenance Is
looked after for the older members on
the ground floor. Whether or not the
deeper sea specimens Of light-bearing
fishes spawn in this peculiar manner
is not as yet known, as very Little -
known of the habits OF those fishes
which pass their lives so FAR down on
the very floor Of the great oceans
depths.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-11-06

IA ovEMBER bids fair to prove the
most significant interval in the
history of the Good Roads move
H ment in the United States. This
is a movement, by the way, which has
developed tremendously during the
past few years as our people have
come to a realizing sense OF how far
we are behind Europe in our systems
of highway improvement and mainte-
nance Especially has the agitation
taken a practical turn since automo-
bile touring became a popular pastime
and brought home to the residents of
our cities and towns the disadvantages
under which the farmers have been
labOring more or less uncomplainingly
for, 10, these many years. Now the
most ambitious effort yet made to
arouse public sentiment throughout
the entire country is scheduled for
this month.
There are two Good Roads events
scheduled, separate and distinct from
each other, but under the same gen
eral management and with a common
purpose. The force behind this au-
tumn agitation is the American Asso-
citation for Highway Improvement, one
of the newest but decidedly the most
important and influential of all the
bodies, the members of which are
working for good roads, On Novern-
Der 90 this Association will open at
Richmond, Va. its first American
Roads Congress. It had been planned
originally to hold this inaugural con-
venton of the new body in September,
but President Taft and some other
prominent men could not be present
at that time and consequently 1t was
decided to postpone the event
From time to time during the past
few years there have been held at va
rious points in the United States Good
Roads Congresses or meetings, ma
tional or local in scope, but none of
them have had the weight with the
whole public that will attach to the
coming deliberations, just as none of
the bodies that have been working
for the cause have had quite the broad
ambitions of the American Association
for Highway Improvement. 1t Is not
desired. however. to in any sense be-
little the work of the scores of ma
tional, State. county and even town
ship. organizations all over the land
that have been aiding in the mission
airy work" The new Association that
now comes into the limelight is not
designed to supDlant any existing mer-
ftorious organizations or in any way
interfere with their policies or activ-
tiles.
The week preceding the Road Con-
gress will be devoted to a kindred en-
terprise that is in some respects more
interesting than the Congress itself
and will also have the claim of genu-
inc novelty. The week of November
IL is to be Good Roads Week.
throughout the entire country, and by
means of this week of educational ac-
tivity the Good Roads enthusiasts all
up and down the land will seek to
make new converts for the cause The
American Association for Highway
Improvement is back OF this unique
undertaking, also, but the carrying
nut OF the purpose cannot be left
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-11-06

these Interesting specimens Of deep
sea fishes. to be later described. are
secured by a system of dredging.
These large dredges are attached to
cables of great length. and let down
and dragged along the sea bottom for
some distance, when they are hoisted
and their contents examined It was
on an expedition of this nature. di-
rected by Mr.. Wyville Thompson of
Her Majesty's Steamship "Challen-
ger" in about the year 1873. that the
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-11-06

darkness is continually present.
Guntsr writes that these ''bathybial
sea devils are degraded forms of
Lophius. their surface representatives.
The substance by which their light is
produced is unknown. Their bones
are extremely light and thin in tex
ture and all other parts Of their bodies
are so loose in texture that the speci-
mems feel habby as dish-rag when
brought to the surface of the water.
This sort of non-resistant body is the
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-11-06

TIT first thought It seems strange
to hear of an inhabitant of the
sea being provided with light.
- g but such is the fact. and there
are very many other curiosities about
as startling to be found deep down in
that vast watery storehouse of won
ders.
However extensively and beautifully
Old Soils rays cover the ever-changing
surface of the great waters. they fail
to penetrate beyond a hundred yards
The Sentinel=record., 1911-09-24
HEAVYWEIGHT RECORD

Montreal. Que, Sept. 23-A worlds record by Matt McGrath in throwing
 the 56 pound weight for distance
 featured the annual championships of the Amateur Athletic union of
 Canada here this afternoon. McGrath
 in three out of his six throws beat the old worlds record made by Elan Iagan at Jamestown four years ago. The new record stands at 40 feet 6 S.S inches. The old worlds record
 was 3S feet inches.
The Sentinel=record., 1911-09-24
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION
Department of the IuterIor

Department of the Interior. U, S. Land Office at Camden, Ar, kansas. Aug. 25, 1911.
 Notice is hereby given that Alfred McClelland of Cedargiades, Arkan- sas, who, on Oct. 26. 1905, made Homestead Entry (Senal No. 02441l No. 29200, for w l-2, NE 1-4 and s 1-2, NV 1-4. Section 20, Township l, s. Range 21 w., 9th Principal, Meridian, has filed notice of inten. ton to make Final five year Proof, to establish claim to the land above described, before U. S. Commissioner at Hot Springs. Arkansas on the 2nd day of October. 1911.
 Claimant names as witnesses: John Crawford, of Cedarglades. Ark. Ark.
 Jasper Muse. of Cedarglades. Ark. James Adams. of Cedarglades, Ark. Allen Fisher, of Cedarglades. Ark.
 H. c. FREEDMAN,
 Register.
 SPA, 1911.
The Sentinel=record., 1911-09-24
uNkNown ASSASSIN
Shoots and Kills Two and Makes His
 Escape

Auston, Texas, Sept. 23--Jonn F. eest saloonkeeper of this city md George Duncan. deputy sheriff were shot down and both instantly killed tonight by an unidentified man.
 The slayer approached Gests sa- loon and without warning shot the proprietor who sat in the doorway Duncan, hearing the shooting and starting up, met the desperate in the doorway and was Xii led also with out waning.
 A posse headed by Sherff Mac thews o: Travis county is securing the hills about the city for the mur- derer.
The Sentinel=record., 1911-09-24

II a. m, Pubic worship. Rev. w. Moore Scott, pastor of First Presby- terIan church at Savannah. Ga, Will preach.
 7 D. m, Christian Endeavor
 8 D. m., public worship. The pastor. Rev. French W. Thompson will preach.
 Special music as follows: Morn- ling. Anthem: Abide With Me- Mrs Aldrich and the choir.
 Evening, Anthem. Saviour Breathe an Evening Blessing" choir.
 Solo, There's Not Friend Like the Lowly Jesus" Mrs. Aldrich.
 To all of these services strangers and visitors are cordially invited.