davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1911-02-22
A. o. u. W.

BISMARCK LODGE, No. $780, Meets
the first and third Tuesdays at
Baker Hall at O'Clock. Z. L.
Wyncoop, NJ. w.; Bradley c. Marks,
recorder.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1911-02-22

FOR RENT-RO0MS.
BOARD AND R0OM-Warm, well
furnished rooms with first class
table board at GIT Front street.
FOR RENT-Two rooms with board.
Apply All Fifth street.
FOR RENT-Pleasant front room. SIG
Third street.
FOR RENT-Rooms in Dakota block.
Phone 3O3.
FOR RENT-Eight-room modern
house. 400 Seventh street.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1911-02-22
LOST AND FOUND.

CosT-Watch fob with "S' engraved
( thereon and heart shaped moss
agate attached. Probably lost at
Capitol building, on street car or IN
street. 500 reward for return
to w. A. Shear, Sentinel Butte, N. ID.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1911-02-22
PYThlAN SISTERS.

LINCOLN TEMPLE. No. 9. Meets
second and fourth Thursdays each
month at X. P. hall. Mrs. c. l..
Vigness, M. T.. c.. Mrs. Nellie Ev-
arts, NJ. of R. & c.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1911-02-22
The Markets

LIVE STOCK.
St. Paul Cattle.
St. Paul, Mimi, Feb. 21.-Cattle:
Receipts, 1900.
Market steady, quotations un.
changed.
Hogs-Receipts, $500.
Market steady.
Range, 705 to 720.
Bulk of sales, 40 to 715. .
Sheep.
Sheep-Receipts, 1900.
Market steady and firm, quotations
unchanged.
Chicago Cattle.
Chicago, Feb. 21.-Close:
Cattle-Receipts, 4,500.
Market steady.
Beeves, 500 to 675.
Texas steers, 42O to $50.
Western steers, $50 to SOS.
Stockers and feeders, 375 to SIS.
Cows and heifers, $50 to $40.
Calves, 700 to 900.
Hogs.
Hogs-Receipts, $4,000.
Market slow and weak at opening
figures.
Light, 72o to 755.
Mixed, 705 to 745.
Heavy, 695 to 1855.
Rough, 695 to no.
Good to choice heavy, no to 1875.
Pigs, 74O to no.
Bulk of sales, 720 to 735.
Sheep.
Sheep-Receipts, 10000.
Market steady.
Native, 315 to $50.
Western, 315 to 485.
Yearlings, 4SO to SIS.
Lambs, native, 500 to GAO.
Western, 525 to $50.
GRAIN.
Chicago Wheat.
Chicago, Feb. 21.-Close:
Wheat-May, 81 3-8.
July, SO 70.
September, 81 IS at SO.
Corn.
Corn-May, 40 IA.
July, so 3-8.
September, 81 IA at 3-S.
Oats.
Oats-May, 81 7-S.
July. 81 IL at SO.
September, 81 IA.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1911-02-22
G. a. r.

G. A. r.
JAMES B. MCPHERSON POST, No.
2. Department Of North Dakota
~. d Army OF the Republic. Meets
Z. .eir rooms in the Armory on
tho second and fourth Thursdays
- 6 III month John w. Millett.
t-or~ ardcr: A.. D. Cordner, adju'
r:l'
MACCABEES.
X. O. T. NJ. Meets every first and
third Thursday of each month at
s o'clock p. M, at |. O. 0. F. hall.
Visiting members cordially invited
II. c. Ramp, commander; Erick
Erickson. record keeper.
!. o. or F.
COURT BISMARCK, No. Ss1. Meets
eve:y fourth Thursday in each
month at Odd Fellows hall. John
Ycgen, C. T.; Il. D. Hoskins. f. s.;
!. w. Healy. r. S.
ELKS.
p p @. z, No. 1899 meet at Elks
hall first and third Fridays Of the
month. Visiting brothers welcome
F. ". Evars, E. r.; Carl Peterson,
cccreta-H.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1911-02-22

Mixed train md and ,n1 Monday. Nom
Tuesday, thursday ID Saturday.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1911-02-22
EAST BOUND.

Mountain" time west-ene hour earlier tha,
Central" time
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-10
Vast Fortunes Taken From
u. S. by Brides of Foreigners

Former name eand Marriage dot
.S 100000
Sperry. LOpoOoo
Duchess OF Marlborough 100000
NJ ,eter adj Curzon
Tznaga 100000
Pappenhm 100000
colonna 100000
Anna Gould. Caslane l7OOoVo
Czaykowski SOOOOOo
cornwallswes, Randolph
....
pro TIannmersey) william
Helena zimmerman duchess Of Manchester ... 100000
Pauline Astor Mrs Spend Clay zoooooo
Mrs. O.. Fealph Vivian l2OOoOoo
Goelet o 4OOO6oOO
Sara1P Halket 1OOOoOOO
Marga of Suffolk 100000
Mamie Lei
Belle Michael Hrebert 100000
G. Aglvy l1aig . 3OVOopo
Larsch 100000
Szecheny @ 80. 5oOOOOO
Gilbert Thomas Carter SOoOooO
La Mar1ulse de retcui VoOooo
Cummings 2OOoOO
latzedt 2oooOOo
,deIa
Minnie stevens Arthur
22O0oOOO
Countess Festecs
Morn glIn countess Coloredo Mann w 49, .
Heanore Spencer Princess Vcovao
Nfont5elard lOooooo
Partridge 100000
Louis Hutfeldt 100000
OF 100000
100000
Countess Of Stranord 100000
100000
100000
sherron Lady Thomas sesketh lOoOo
Gaatin, Rolan-Chabot 100000
Work
Theodore Shohts Duchess de Chaunes o"oo
lie 100000
of Donoughmore 100000
Annie 100000
Miss Lawrence Mrs Douglass Campbell
Ehret baroness zeditz 100000 900 @
5ooooo
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-10
Springfield Awaits President.

Springfield. H., Feb. 10.-The finish
ing touches to the preparations for the
visit Of President Taft and the annual
banquet of the Lincoln Memorial As
sociation, at which the President will
speak tomorrow night, were completed
today. The downtown section of the
city is donning patriotic attire in honor
of the occasion. The great hall of the
State arsenal. where the banquet will
take place, has been elaborately dec
Grated Five thousand American roses
and thousands of branches of artificial
foliage have been used in the decora-
tions.
During his brief stay in the city the
President will be the guest Of Cover
nor Deneen. The presidential party
will arrive in the city about ? o'clock
tomorrow afternoon. and the President
will speak an hour later in the hall of
the house of representatives at the
State capitol. Eight o'clock In the
| evening is the hour fixed for the ban
quet to begin. In addition to Presi-
dent Taft a number OF other dlstin-
guished guests will attend. among
them Martin w. Littleton of New
York, Senator Shelby M Cullom and
Robert T. Lincoln of Chicago. Imme-
diately after the conclusion Of the ban
quet the President will leave SPRING
field on the return journey TO WASH
ington.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-10
IS WORSE Than
THE REAL THIEF
so DECLARES JU DGE VIII o
SCORES MAN CHARGED WITH
HIRING OTHERS TO ROB
RECTOR THIEVES.

Chicago, H., Feb. 1O-William l..
LOTUS, a saloonkeeper, the man ac-
cused by the confessed participant in
the robbery last Sunday morning of
Rector's restaurant, as having en-
ployed three other thieves to rob the
original robber was held by the grand
jury in bonds of $4,000 today.
You are worse than any of the
other men in this affair" said the
court to Lotus. You not only plan
ned the original robbery but also the
hold-up of that robber. Your defense
that you merely loaned two revolvers
for half an hour for 800 is enough to
indict you.
Charles Willard. who after being
accused by a waiter in the restaurant
and his friend. Of having planned and
carried out the robbery with their aid
told the police a remarkable story of
his own robbery. He said he had no
sooner emerged from the restaurant
with the $4,000 booty than three other
thieves. whom he claimed were hired
by LOTUS, set upon him, marched him
into an alley and took nearly all the
money away from him.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-10
DIVORCE CASE CONTINUED.
Eddy Proceedings Arouse Judge
Streeter to Vigorous Comment.

such an exhibition of stubbornness
and contempt of all law and order ana
contempt of court have never been
seen before in this court" said Judge
Streeter of the Houghton County CIR
cult court yesterday at the hearing OF
the divorce proceedings started Aug
ust 20. by Elizabeth Eddy, aged o''
against Andrew Eddy. aged "A, both Oh
Calumet. after the defendant had re-
fused il is said. to obey the order OF
the court in supporting his wife until
the case is finally disposed of. Cruelty
is the allegation of the complainant
The couple have been married twelve
years, this being the second matrimo-
NAL venture for both The judge IN
timated that he would entertain an
amendment to the original motion ano
continued the case until the May term
Of court
A divorce was granted to- Charles
Bradley from Martha Bradley. both be-
Ing from Calumet. Six other divorces
were granted at this term.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-10
STRIKING BACK
AT THE FARMERS
SENATOR MORIARTY THREATENS
TO INTRODUCE BILL TO PRO-
VIDE TAX ON FARM
PRODUCTS.

Lansing, Mich, Feb. 10.-Senator
measure against the farmers. who for
several sessions have raised the bug
bear of the tonnage tax over their
heads Senator Moriarty now has in
preparation a bill providing specific
taxes upon farm products, which he
declares he will introduce to give the
farmers a taste of the same thing the
mines are up against year after year.
The bill would stand a pretty fair
chance of passage in the senate at
least, and probably in the house.
Senator Moriarty's bill, If he follows
out his present intentions, will provide
a specific tax upon farm products
about as follows:
For each bushel of corn sold, 1 cent;
wheat 8 cents; barley, 5 cents; rye 5
cents: oats, cent; potatoes, 1 cent;
peaches, 5 cents; pears, cents; for
each bushel of apples, 10 cents.
Moreover" says Senator Moriarty,
81 think we can bring the farmers
within range of the employers liability
act. / see no reason why they should
not be liable to reimburse farm
hand who is injured by a moving ma
chine or corn cutter or other farm i'm
plement, just as well as the factory
man or the miners, who must pay II
our bills go through for injuries to
their men. l guess the farmers are
liable equally, and we will see they are
brought within the range of the acts
when we pass them" SPARKS.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-10

Columbus ohio. Feb 10.-"Recipro-
city with Canada will benefit the en-
tire United States. farmer, manufac-
turer, railroad company middlemen
and warehousemen."
This was the declaration of Presi-
dent Taft in an address here today at
the National Corn Exposition.
"All will be the gamer" he said.
While his speech was devoted especial
ly TO showing the farmer had nothing
to fear, but much to gain. he attempt
ed to prove also all other interests of
the country would be benefited.
The president denied IL was a man
ufacturers' agreement" and IAN at
tack upon the farmer by depriving
him of protection" as has been
charged He said IT had been the Re-
publican party's policy to protect
ers by a high tariff Temptations to
destroy competition by combinations
became so great. however, that the
party modified it's policy and imposed
the limitation that the tariff should be
limited for the purposes of protection
to the difference between cost of pro-
duction i'm this country and abroad
with reasonable profit To the Amer
lean producer. Upon this new policy
and the fact. that the Canadian people,
climate and customs, are so much like
our own, he justified the proposed re-
ciprocity. He showed that Canada
cannot grow corn i'm quantities to COM
pete with the farmers on this side.
The domestic price of wheat, he said,
was governed by a world price and ar
gued that the Canadian product could
not affect the price in the United
States. The price of farm lands is af-
fected by their proximity to market
and in this particular the American
farmer has the advantage.
The greatest reason" he said, "for
adopting this agreement is the fact II
is going to unite the two countries
with kindred people and lying together
across a wide continent. in commercial
and social union to the great advan-
tage Of both. Such a result does not
need to be justified by nice balanc-
ing of pecuniary profit to each"
The president then presented statis'
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-10
Mexican Soldiers, Defeated by In
surrectos, Deliberately Turn
Guns on Women and
Children
U. S. CAVALRY ALSO In RANGE
Shells Fall Around About Troop II
Which Experiences Real War
Sensations. Rebels Repulse
Fierce Attack.

Mulata, Mexico. Feb. 9.-Via, Arena,
Texas, Feb. 1O.-The Federals who at
tackled the Insurrectos here today,
were repulsed after a five hours fight.
General Luque led the assault. The
Federal loss was heavy. Troop II,
Third United States cavalry, was un-
der fire during the engagement. Mexi-
can shells hissed across the river fire.
quently.
II is declared by witnesses that fire.
quently the Federals, chugrined at the
frutlessness of their assault, deliber-
ately turned their guns at groups of
women and children who had sought
refuge on the American side. one shell
from the Federals fire burst near Capt.
Williams of the cavalry. killing an In
surrecto who was watching the battle
from the American side.
The Insurrectos took a position on
a hill near town, in adobe the houses
and behind the banks of an irrigation
ditch. The Federals approached In
battle line and after shelling the town
at long range advanced and the In
surrectos opened fire. The hottest fight
took place along the ditch. Twice the
Federals captured the ditch, but each
time were driven out by the rebels. 1t
is impossible to estimate the number of
killed. The bodies of eight soldiers
had been stripped of their weapons but
many more were carried off the field.
Only one Insurrecto was killed. The
Mexican soldiers withdrew a mile from
their position and camped. Tonight
the Insurrectos are moving to a bet
ter position and there is frequent firing
between the outposts.
Customs Inspector Tom Perrine and
Lee Grigesby were fired on by Mexi-
can soldiers and their pack horses
shot. During the fight Deputy Mar
shall Warrent disarmed several re-
fugees
Captain Williams has notified Gen
eral Luque there must be no more fir
ing across the river. If his orders are
dlsobeyed international complications
may arise.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-10
HIGHER HEMLocK PRICES.
Believed That Quotations Will Be
Boosted in Near Future.

At the recent meeting of the North
orn Hardwood and Hemlock associa-
ton held i'm Milwaukee the general
outlook for business was canvassed. 1t
was decided that the prospects are
good and that the price of lumber will
be little better from now on. II was
found that hemlock is selling at about
81 per thousand less than yellow pine,
whereas heretofore it has only been 81
less Hemlock has been stiffening in
price the past two weeks, however,
and it was the general opinion of the
manufacturers present. and who num-
bered, about one hundred. that this
extra gap would be filed the next few
weeks. The following directors for
the ensuing year were elected: .. w.
Brighman. Wausaukee; c. l.. Mclean,
Wells; Mr.. Atwood, Park Falls, and t.
A. Green, Ontonagon.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-10
Gives Address Before National
Corn Exposition and Ex-
presses Pleasure at Be-
ing With Buckeyes
NEXT STOP AT SPRINGFIELD
To Deliver Principal Address at Lin
coin Day Banquet Tomorrow Night
Students Of MiIliken Uni
versity to Hear Him.

Columbus, o.. Feb. 10-A large sec
ton of President Taft's home State
had the first opportunity today TO well
come him since he became President.
From the time his special train crossed
the Ohio River this morning until it's
arrival in the capital early this after
noon the President was given a con-
-tinuous ovation. Crowds gathered at
every station to cheer the distin-
guished traveller and every crossroads
furnished its little knot of men, women
and children. who waved hats and
handkerchiefs as the presidential
special sped along.
The presidential party reached Col
umbus promptly on schedule time this
afternoon. on the arrival of the spe-
cial train at the Union Station, where
thousands Of cheering people had gath
cred, a special reception committee of
one hundred leading citizens made a
passageway TO Broad street, where
motor cars were in waiting. Governor
Harmon, Mayor Marshall and the Of
lcials of the National Corn Exposition
were on hand TO greet the distin-
guished visitor. The President ex-
pressed himself delighted with being
in Ohio.
In accordance with President Taft's
wish there was no parade and no mill
itary escort. The party proceeded at
once to the Ohio State Fair Grounds.
where the President, delivered a pub
lie address before the National Corn
Exposition that has been in progress
there the past ten days. AS soon as he
had concluded his address the Presi-
dent made a tour of the exposition. the
Boy Scouts furnishing the escort. The
programme for the remainder of the
day and evening called for an automo-
bile ride about the city and dinner
as guest of the officials of the Ma
tional Corn Exposition and a number
Of leading citizens. At 9:45 tonight
President Taft resumes his journey to
Springfield. ILL.,, where he has an en-
gagement to speak at the Lincoln an
niversary banquet tomorrow night.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-10
DETECTIVE Is
FOUND GUILTY
PATRICK ]. KEELY, PROMINENT
FIGURE I'M BROWNE BRIBERY
TRIAL, CONVICTED
OF PERJURY.

Chicago, Ill. Feb. 1O.-Detective
Patrick !. Keely, was convicted of
perjury in the criminal court today.
The offense is alleged to have occur
red during the trial of Lee O'Neil
Browne, in which Keely was assigned
to District Attorney Wayman's office
to protect Representative Beclemeyer
who confessed he received money
from Browne for his vote for Sena-
to, Lorimer.
Keelys testimony. which brought on
the prosecution, was that Wayman
had told him TO take Beckemeyer out
and treat him right" which he said
he thought meant to get the legislator
drunk.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-10

Washington. ID. c.. FEB. 10,-Sus-
tanning the report Of the committee
on privileges and elections, Of which
he is a member, in favor of Lorimer's
Johnston (Ala.) i'm a speech i'm the sem
ate declared White was the only III
lirois lesislator who testified he had
been bribed to vote for Lorimer. He
said the other witnesses swore they
were not 5ri5ed i'm Lorimer's interest.
The witnesses against Lorimer were
classed as perhrogs, while those who
testified for the senator were declared
to be infinitely superior to these vile
creatures"
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-10
CAPT. HcDesoN PROMOTED.
Well Known Mining Man Made Sup
erintendent for Breiting Estate.

Captain Joseph HOdgson Of Me-
gaunec, who has been the principal
operating man for the mines Of the
Breitung estate in Marquette county,
has, beginning with February /, as
sumcd the title and duties OF general
superintendent. and will hereafter
have entire charge Of the company's
properties. Captain Hodgson's title
has heretofore been superintendent.
Captain j. f. Foley the veteran min
ing man, whose connection with the
Breitung estate mining interests ex-
tends over great many years, still
retains his connection with them. in
an advisory capacity. Captain Hodg-
sons assistant will be w. B. Bauder,
who has been with the Breitung es-
tate for a few years past, prior TO
which he was on the engineering staff
of the Oliver Iron company. Mr.. Bau-
der is considered one of the oldest en-
gineers on the Marquette range. He
| is "A graduate OF the Michigan Col
lege of Mines. and has an excellent
record in his profession.
Capt. Hodgson is one of the best
known. and most efficient mining men
on the range. and his friends have
long expected that he would attain q
position of the Importance OF the one
he has now been called to fill. For
fourteen years before he was employ
cd by the Breitung estate he was in
the employ of the oliver Iron COM
pany, Immediately before he made tho
change in employment i'm charge oi
the Section Is and Hematite mines OF
that corporation.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-10
LORD eEREsFoRD is IS.
Famous British Admiral Receives
Congratulations Today.

London. Feb. 10.-Admiral Lord
Charles Beresford. one of the most
popular officers who ever wore a Brit
ish naval uniform, received veritable
flood of congratulations today on the
occasion of his sixty fifth birthday
anniversary. Both the king and queen
were among those to send messages
of greeting Co the gallant old sea
fighter Lord Charles, or 'Charlie," as
he is loving called by Englishmer
everywhere, is the second son OF the
late Marquis OF Waterford and a cous-
i'm of Lord Decies. who recently mar
ried Miss Vivien Gould. Lord Charles
entered the navy as a cadet when ht
was fifteen. and. though promotion
came to him rapidly. it was not unit
1882 that the bombardment of Alex
andria made him world-famous as &
naval fighter.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-10
PICK TEN BEST HYMNS.
M. e. Church in New York City Takes
Vote of Congregation.

New York Methodist Episcopal
church which has taken a poll of its
congregationu in an effort to deter
mine the ten best hymns announces
that the following received the re-
quisite number of ballots
Nearer, My God, to Thee"
Abide With Me-"
Jesus, Lover of MY Soul.
Il Love to Tell the story"
Lead, Kindly Light"
Rescue the Perishing."
Rock of Ages"
onward. Christian Soldier"
What a Friend We Have I'm Jesus.
Four others were tied for the tenth
place:
Love Divine, all Love Excelling.
Just as Am"
Faith of Our Fathers, Living Still
I'm the Cross of Christ l Glory
101.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-10
Will Address Students.

Decatur. ILL.,, Feb. 11.-Decatur is
anticipating with a lively interest the
visit of President Taft here tomorrow.
The Presidents stay in the city will
be brief, only long enough to deliver
an address TO the students of James
Milliken University and to the men-
bers of the Illinois Schoolmasters'
Club assembled there. The presidential
party will make the journey from
Decatur to Springfield over the lines
of the Illinois Traction Company. Rep
resentative William h. Mckinley. who
Is president of the company. has
placed his private car at the disposal
Of the President
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-10
PREVENTS PANIC
AT SCHOOL FIRE
STUDENTS IN CHICAGO SCHOOL
PROFICIENT IN FIRE DRILLS
AND ESCAPE FROM BURN
ING BUILDING.

Chicago, ILL.,. Feb. 1O.-A chemical
explosion i'm the physics laboratory of
the Austin high school caused fire
and much damage to the upper por-
ton of the building.
A fire drill prevented a panic among
the pupils but parents who heard of
the fire rushed to the building and
fought the police to cross the fire lines
after their children. The students left
the building i'm good order and the po-
lice found it necessary to employ chill
dren to assist in quieting the panic
stricken parents.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-10
Doesn't Want Power to Control
Election Of u. S. Senator's to
be Transferred to the
States
AGAINST DIRECT VOTE Plan
New York Solon Talks in ssnae, De-
elarinq Transfer of Control Would
be Suicidal From National
Standpoint.

Washington. ID, c., FEB. 1O.-Oppos-
ing all suggestion looking to a change
i'm the manner OF electing senators.
Root today addressed the senate on
the resolution providing for their cleo
ton by direct vote. He would not
nor If they were To be so elected would
he have the control of such elections
transferred from Congress TO state
legislatures. For Congress to G'ban-
don Jurisdiction over senatorial cleo
tions would be equivalent, he said, to
;he government surrendering its pow
er to maintain itself.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-10
FOR CONFEDERATE MOTHERS.

Jackson. Miss. Feb. 1O.--in all the
public schools OF mississippi toeay
was set aside for the celebration of
Monument Day" when historical ex-
ercises were held and contributions
offered by the teachers and pupils In
aid Of the fund that Is being raised for
the erection OF a magnificent monu-
mert 60 the memory of the Confeder-
ate mothers OF the state.