The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-02-22
TAFT PRESENTS JAPANESE TREATY
 ON IMMIGRATION
Leaves to Honor of Japan Proper Enforcement of
 Immigration Laws
MUCH OPPOSITION
 FIRMLY EXPECTED
Present Treaty Replaces Agreement of 1894 and Is Similar to Jap anese Treaties With Other
 Great Powers

Washington, February 21.-The text of . new treaty with Japan, designed to re- place that of 1894 and drawn with the special design of eliminating the restric- tions upon immigration contained in that treaty. was laid before the Senate today by President Taft.
 The essential difference between the pro- posed treaty and the existing convention is said to be in the fact that it omits all reference to such restrictions and leaves to the national honor of Japan the en- forcement at her own ports of the limita- tions upon emigration from Japan now expressly placed upon immigration into the United States. aaf tt+4 The document is said to provide that either country may renounce the treaty . at the end of six months if 1t fails to i operate as expected.
 Because it embodies this radical depar- ture from the existing treaty and touches the question of the deepest importance and interest to the Pacific slope, the in- jection of this convention into the clos ing hours of the present Congress created q sensation today.
 Will Be Opposition
 That the new treaty will encounter op- position seems certain, for even if it should be speedily reported to the Sem ate from the committee without serious controversy within the committee room the western senators are expected to in sist on opportunity to debate, which will develop the full strength of the opposi- tion to the treaty. Unlike matters of or c1 at fujI of tba ofo to act upon the treaty at this session of Congress would not of itself extinguish it's vitality, which could be kept indef- initely alive in the executive files of the Senate to be taken up at any convenient time. This new treaty is one of trade and commerce. intended to replace the treaty of 1894, negotiated by the late Secretary Gresham and Baron Kurina, then Japa- nese minister to the United States. That treaty is a most comprehensive document. It was drawn simultaneously with number of other Japanese treaties of q similar. scope negotiated with all the great powers. But unlike the others this particular treaty was not promptly ratified and did not go into effect until about a year after the others were in force.
 Embarrassing to Japan
 
 barrassing to the Japanese in developing a fiscal policy. Hence the Japanese gov ernment has been using every effort to induce the state department to follow the example of the great European nations and consent to immediate revision of the treaty. The department has delayed doing so principally for the reason that it de- sired to await the conclusion of all the treaties which Japan is making with the other powers, in order to make certain sk securing for America any advantages ex- tending to other peoples.
 The radical differences between the new treaty a;Id iii, enc now in force. and the one which nay prove obnoxious to the western stna.Uis, Is understood to no the omission c: any reference to the immigration question:
 Under the exis ting treaty the two gov ernnents have er.oyed the undeniable right to legislate regarding immigration ether by restriction or by total exclu- son of coolie labor. The United States government could do this without any treaty stipulated on the subject just as It did in the case of China when it en- acted the Chinese exclusion laws It Is understood there Is no disposition on the part of the Japanese to deny the ex- tension of such power. What they do ob- feet to is the inclusion in formal tiesty to which they are party of a stimulation asserting that right which is not embodied in any treaty America has made with European powers and which serves only as an irritant to Japanese Cride. 4t
 Taft Creates Surprise
 The Presidents action in submitting the treaty today created great surprise In Congress, the only persons not taken un- aware being the members of the Senate committee on foreign relations, who, at anti rsx- 4- Al.. White House. were informed by Presi- dent Taft of what the administration had in mind. These senators consequently were. in a position to realize the full in,- pCrtance of the formidable looking doc uDent which was laid before the Senate in executive session just at the close of the duy. There was no opportunity to lead 1t l'efore 1t had been offered to the foreign relations committee.
 It is stated that the dinner developed some views on the part of. individual SC. : etors Of treat IT terest as bearing uooA the probable fate of the trea'! when it comes tefrre the Sena.s fo, approval.
 There was a disposition on the part oe some to app'. bend demand on the part Q! China fr- n reaxa.inn cf the rigid o1c!rslun laws if this concession shculd be made to Japan. Bu' it was pOn.<'l "It ,sr. the government wodd 11 s:r- render any right nf the .ontro: of '"ineSe imlnigrai'cr., even if a new treaty were ac .crdcd c China.
 Another irsurlent fo. tlie treaty was a production oi figures to show thai during t.., las' svar Japan hal voluntarily pre- vented the departure of coolies so that IT." in.'nigr upn of tha class practical 1v has iecn st. ppet. r, s w.s cited as demonstrating that reliance might safely be placed upon the J4ranese sense 0. honor. Esa 4fff
 
 R;at0n Cat1or CaI1od Homa