davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Hermanner Volksblatt. [volume] (Hermann, Mo.) 1875-1928, 1911-11-10
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Hermanner Volksblatt. [volume] (Hermann, Mo.) 1875-1928, 1911-11-10

SIS lit idoit mebrcre Ease falt
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Hermanner Volksblatt. [volume] (Hermann, Mo.) 1875-1928, 1911-11-10
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tion miro mohI allgcnomnleu irin,
um Ole Sppoiition pom Prohibitions
.Drtcn ab5iIIenfen.
Hermanner Volksblatt. [volume] (Hermann, Mo.) 1875-1928, 1911-11-10
Catherine mitttams.
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Hermanner Volksblatt. [volume] (Hermann, Mo.) 1875-1928, 1911-11-10
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Hermanner Volksblatt. [volume] (Hermann, Mo.) 1875-1928, 1911-11-10
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Hermanner Volksblatt. [volume] (Hermann, Mo.) 1875-1928, 1911-11-10

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Hermanner Volksblatt. [volume] (Hermann, Mo.) 1875-1928, 1911-11-10
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Hermanner Volksblatt. [volume] (Hermann, Mo.) 1875-1928, 1911-11-10

slbonnirt auf bas Sermanner !.
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Hermanner Volksblatt. [volume] (Hermann, Mo.) 1875-1928, 1911-11-10

q. 81. Reiiter.
The Washington herald., 1911-03-19

the arena" transformed for the nonce
into Il volunteer schoOlmistress teaching
the rudiments Of the three RS to the chill
dren Of the circus whose opportunities
for attending the public schools are, OF
course, somewhat limited.
With the big show. having an army OF
employees, every performer isn't dummy
with every other artist any more than
you are personally acquainted with every
person that happens 10 reside on the
same city street with you. And in this
altered environment We find asserting
themselves those social distinctions tnaS
exist in circusdOm as in every other Sac
ton of the community. The riders are
the aristOcrats Of the circus world-proJ-
ably because theirs is the Oldest Of all
the circus vOcations and families have
devoted themselves to equestrian rrowcss
In the sawdust ring for generation after
generation. Something of this same ad-
herence TO and pride in fanny tradition
obtains in the case OF the aer.u lists, that
Is. the trapeZe and bar performers, who,
next to the riders, are the most exclu-
slve and clannish Of the population OF
cirCusdOm. After them in descending
scale come the acrObats and the other
ciety.
And. speaking Of a big circus, what q
self sufficient community it is ;hls city
of tents that is leveled every day or two
and within l. hours IS re erected in
site 100 or 200 miles away. 1t is a port
able town that has in effect its own nTe
department and police force and, If II bs
strictly up-tO-date, its own electric
lighting plant Its commissary depart
ment has a kitchen that vies with that in
the biggest New York hotel; it has its
own laundry and dry cleaning establish
meut; and three hOrseshOers are kept
busy iu its blacksmith shop under eau.
vas. There is pOstottice on wheels and
a general store where any emplOye Of
the circus can buy anything from a hair
pin To a suit of clothes. canvas Gov
cred barber shop with two chairs has 4
waiting list almost any hour of the day
and business office in the exterior gdise
Of a big red and gold van has type
writers and vertical files and all the
other adjuncts OF its more stable prOtO-
type in any modern office building. And
the wonder of ii is that the whole con-
duct Of this caravan Is n cash business.
All supplies are paid for in cash. the
self-same cash that has come in that day
at the ticket wagon, and everybody who
supplies the circus must agree before
hand TO take his pay in silver, for silver.
and not bills or checks. is what the circus
men receives mostly for their allu-Ilg
wares.
The Washington herald., 1911-03-19
Ceiling RedgT t0Z30Te

show. Once upon a time all the travel
ing circuses went from stand" to
stand" via the highways. but when the
railroads appeared and. robbed ''lons
jumps" OF their terrors almost all the cir
Gus proprietors that could afford it pur-
chased cars and put their shows ION the
rails" as the people in the profession"
term this mode of transportation. Lat
teTly, however, the long neglected held
of the old-time wagon show has been re-
discovered by some canny circus mag
mates who prefer large profits on small
investment to smaller profits on a larger
outlay. A wagon show with its one or
two ring tent and comparatively small
operating expenses will often play to
$500 people at a performance. or one
third as many as can patronize the big
gest railroad show at the most profitable
circus stand in the country-PittsDurg'
Pa.
A few DAYS of travel With a circus. and
especiaIly with one Of the smaller shows,
where, as in a small town, everybody
knows everybody else, will convince any
person Of the happy, hcalthful and In
manr respects ideal domestic life Of the
circus performers OF course, any person
who stops to think must realize that
person who twice every day risks life
and limb in an occupation that requires
perfect physique. clearness Of eye. sure
ness of foot and steadiness OF nerve can
not AFFORD to indulge in dissipation, but
seemingly a large share Of the public
never does stop to think. and SO 1t has
zone on from time out Of mind believing
that circus folk are hard lot"
As a matter Of fact the one invariable
rule Of the average well-managed circus
Is against drunkenness. and instant dis
charge is usually the penalty of its viola
ton Similarly almost every circus has a
rule that no woman performer Is engaged
unless her husband, her father or her
brother be with the show. Most of the
women. except the young girls who ap-
pear in the family acts" are married to
fellow performers, and indeed 1t is as rare
In circusdom to find a husband and wife
who are not appearing together in the
same circus. II not in the same act, as
II is unusual in the theatrical business to
discover a man and wife In the same COM
pany. The nomads of the sawdust ring
are very simple in their tastes, and in
the case OF a small circus they form
themselves into one big family. On a
pleasant afternoon the women OF the cir
Gus may usually be found after the matt
nees seated in the open behind the dress
ing room tent buslly engaged with fancy
work OF one kind or another. or mayhap
we see some kindly disposed queen Of
The Washington herald., 1911-03-19

Grafton there appears to be now a dis
tinct tendency to return to early ideals.
This is in the matter OF the number of
rings IN which performances take place
under the big top as the main tent
is called in circus Jargon. When our
present pillars OF society were small
boys anything save the one-ring circus
WAS unknown and the tent was a cir
cular affair that conformed in general
outline to the turf banked ring. with am
pie margin. of course. for the tiers Of
portable seats that then as now, were
terraced on tripod-liks supports.
But the common American ambition for
expansion, and the circus mans pro-
verbal love OF bigness and, more than
all else. a desire to accommodate larger
audiences, caused a change IN the form
of the arena. First came the two-ring
circus, then an elevated stage" was
added until finally development reached
the present state wherein we find pre-
scribed as the setting of the big circus
three rings and two elevated stages sur
rounded by a quarter-mile race truck,
and the whole sheltered by an oblong
tent SO big that no person could expect
to recognize his dearest friend at The
other end OF it. The menagerie tent has
swollen in size proportionately and tie
dressing-room tent of a present-day cir.
Gus of the first magnitude is nearly as
large as the big top of half a century
The Washington herald., 1911-03-19

tickets clamoring dexteriously over the
seats, and all the other familiar side
lights Of the sawdust ring.
The circus fever Is like hay fever. II
you have once had 1t 1t comes back every
year as regularly as the sequence of the
seasons. Only instead of coming in the
late summer it attacks In most vtrulant
form in the early spring and you in
stincttvely look to see the billboards sud
denly fame with dazzling pictures with
all the impatient anticipation with which
you await the spring flowers or the first
summer hotel booklet. And woe betids
the town or city that does not receive a
spring visit from one of the circus aggre-
cations. OF course the circuses cannot
go everywhere in the early morning of the
year, when 1t requires the entire sea-
son for them to cover the whole country
but what a personal insult we consider
1t (sman boy or small boy grown talD
when a springtime drags through its
weary length with nary a gaudy "adver-
tising car" making its appearance on the
local railroad siding to give the frst hint
OF the glories to come.
And when it is finally settled that the
circus is actually coming how you wonder
df the easy confidence of youth has
wanedJ whether the show this season will
be as good as II was In the old DAYS
when you distributed bills or carried
water to gain coveted seat on a hard
board or the harder earth. but right at
the turn, mind you. of the hlppodrome
track. where the chariots swung around
50 precariously that you were treated to
several genuine thrills every time they
came around 1t is not that you are
worrying in anticipation, understand.
whether the great free street parade will
be<aS long or whether the grand entree''
will be as sublime or whether the bare
back ladies will be as beautiful or the
trapeZe artists as daring. These details
in themselves do not worry you. You are
not even perturbed by the announcement
that 20 famous ClOwns-count them-wilI
actually regale the audience with brand
new Jokes. Your uncertainty is merely
duo to dread that in some intangible
way. the circus, by and large, may have
changed. OF course. there is no posi-
bility that there has been any change in
yourself. II the steam calliope at the tail
The Washington herald., 1911-03-19

a monument to the enterprise and ability
Of those who conceived and built them.
Boston was the frst city in this coun-
try to recognize the necessity for an un-
derground system to relieve the surface
roads and in 1894 work on a stretch OF q
little more than three miles was begun.
In 1900, work on the great subway in
New York was begun, and four years
later Philadelphia fell in line with
similar tube which was opened for travel
two years ago.
Unlike surface roads there are no grade
crossings in a subway. From one end to
the other there is nothing to stop the
progress Of a train and the speed that
can be maintained Is limited only to the
gearing Of the cars and the capacity of
the powerhouse. Although various de-
vices for the propulsion Of cars-gas en-
gines, compressed air, etc. = have been
suggested electricity has been adopted in
the three great tubes in this country and
will continue to be the motive power for
some time to come.
Boston, however. not content with its
system Of subway, is branching out and
recently added to its underground passage
way a section Of a triie more than mile
in length which has the distinction Of be-
ing the most costly bit Of railway ever
laid This section Is the Washington
street tunnel. under the very heart of the
business district. which. fully equipped
cost $l0.00o.Ooo. or about $1,000 per run
ming foot.
As one rosy-dreaming estimator put IT,
q mile OF ordinary trolley road could be
laid with rails Of gold studded with dia-
The Washington herald., 1911-03-19

- He constantly increasing in value
Of land in large cities the con-
gestion by reason Of large build
~ ings being erected close together,
and the vast number Of people who
augment the business districts. yet who
live at points a considerable distance
away, makes constant demands upon new
and additional facilities for transporta-
ton.
Surface snd elevated roads have played
well their part in the past and even to-
day in the majority of the cities Of the
world do all the carrying Of the people,
but with the constant and ceasless de-
mand for more speed in getting from the
home to the business districts and back
and with a general tendency to live as
far as possible from that portion of the
cities, the latter being almost an urgent
necessity because Of high rents, surface
and elevated roads have reached their
limitations in the great centers of popu-
lation.
Years ago this problem was taken up
In London and engineers. recognizing the
improbability Of furthering the capacity
Of the surface roads. sought a means by
underground transportation. The task was
. gigantic one. The engineers had before
them only the experience in tunneling
through mountains. Before them lay the
task of tunneling under a city.
Yet. overcoming al difficulties, the sub
terranean tubes were constructed. and
even though they are to be compared
with the magnificent subways In this
country they do, nevertheless. represent
the first OF their kind and stand today as
The Washington herald., 1911-03-19

monds for the amount that this length of
underground system cost Yet, despite
the great expenditure the money has been
well invested for not only has a great
transportation problem been solved. but
the engineers have given to the world a
specimen OF construction that win serve
well as model for other cities that are
contemplating this method.
In the construction OF the subway one
Of the principal difficulties encountered
by the engineers was the law that pre-
scribed that the streets Of Boston must
be kept open for traffic between the hours
Of A. NJ. and 9 P. NJ. An effort to
have the law changed failed and. conse-
quently, there was nothing left to do bur
to dig the tube by burrowing
The Washington herald., 1911-03-19

that there is no wood in It save the
balustrades Of the escuIators, and these
are covered with sheet copper. Concrete
and steel have been used for all the
heavy parts. the latter comprising the
main construction work. and the steel
that is used Is firmly imbedded in masses
Of cement aud stone, so that the whole
may be said to be of what is popularity
called reinforced concrete.
All Of the doors to the subway, the
ticket booths. package rooms, etc. are
Of metal and tiling. The advertising
signs are also OF metal and are set In
metallic frames of ornamental character
so as to add to rather than detract from
the surroundings.
On the concrete foundation throughout
the length Of the tunnel is white iling,
but at the stations the tiling is colored
in various hues to help in Identification,
and mosaic ornamentation amplifes the
attractiveness.
In sanitation and ventilation the subway
excels. From one end to the other there
is not a square corner on which dirt
can gather. Nor is there a crack or
crevice for the refuge OF a germ. The
ventilating system, in which huge. rapidly
revolving and suction fans are employed,
insures a continual draft of fresh air.
Electrically illuminated signs at every
station. mark not only the approach OF
trains, but also their destination. so as to
avoid confusion among the passengers
For the accommodation OF the throngs
there are, besides. the ordinary types OF
entrances and exits. elevators and escu-
lators at the deepest portions of the tun-
mel
For each esculator moving downward
there are two moving upward, as II Is
estimated that the greater bulk of the
passengers to be handled viii be those
alighting from trains. the downward
bound passengers being more distributed.
Water was another of the exige3cIes the
engineers had TO cope with during con-
structiou. and even upon completion IL
The Washington herald., 1911-03-19
RHacZIcL1S

ago, while the horse tent" OF such a
show would have sufhced to shelter ell
the animal cages IN any old-time circus.
Now doubtless these, many-ring cir
cuses have come to stay. For the huge
circus travelling in three special trains
and carrying more than a thousand peo-
Pile must fill the 1900 seats in its main
tent at two performances each day or
else II will not pay expenses and return a
goodly profit to the owners. At the
same time there is an interesting trend
OF the times disclosed in the revival CT
the old-time circus-the one-ring or two
ring kind-in the smaller cities. the
towns and the country districts Many
old fashioned people never have liked the
newfangled show anyhow. because they
could not watch with one pair Of eyes
what was happening at the same time In
FIVE different rings. These folks are vel
coming back the compact circus of the
last generation and the circus folk. on
the other hand, have awakened to the
fact that the big shows. with their neces-
sity for limiting their visits to the CEN
tiers OF population are neglecting a good
share of the population. folks whose cir
Gus appetites are very well served by the
smaller shows that have just gained q
new lease of life.
Another evidence Of the way fashion is
repeating itself In circusdom is found in
the reJuvenation of the oldti wagon
The Washington herald., 1911-03-19

end Of the parade does not sound as
musical as in the old days, or there is
lacking anything of the old-ime care-free
intoxication Of JOY once you get safely
within the main entrance" the fault
must be with the circus.
But be 1t set down here and now as
salve for any latent fears that the Ameri-
can circus Is pretty much the same as
eve. Indeed. It has changed less under
the revolutionary business influences Of
the past decade than has any other line
of activity Of similar scope. The COM
bination idea did find favor, to be sure
to a certain extent in the circus world
and several OF the largest tented aggre-
cations are now under one ownership, al
though conducted, as of yore, under the
distinctive names that were familiar TO
ou- grandfathers. However. II has not
proved to be a combination in restraint
Of trade. 1t looked at the outset OF the
new arrangement as though the Circus
Trust" might corner the supply of per-
formers and Gagged animals and virtually
monopolize the business, but the uneasi-
ness this caused was short lived and
within the past few years many new
circuses have taken the road with the
result that there are now more of these
organizations than ever.
Moreover, in the one important par
ticular in which the circus has changed
within the memory Of the present gen
The Washington herald., 1911-03-19

4H B no shall explain the lure Of the
circus, the fascination of the
tented show, with its lights and
W. life and color, which, once it has
person in its grip. defes ad-
vancing age and even inhrmity, just as
the circus itself seems to defy time and
changing political and social conditions.
to say naught Of the fuctuating fads and
fancies Of a fickle public. We pleasure
loving Americans are for the most part
erratic in our allegiance to pastimes and
amusements. but somehow or other 10y
atty to the circus is never seriously
shaken. Perhaps It rs because II secures
the deep rootings that come with the first
vivid impressions Of youth. Or perhaps
II is because the hint of the nomadic In
the whole life of the cirCuS appeals to a
naturally restless people.
But we like TO think, some Of US. that
this Yankee fondness for the circus is due
in some measure to the fact that the cir
Gus, IS we know II, is distinctly and
patriotically an American institution OF
course. they have had circuses in the Old
World. They began away back In the
days OF the ancient Romans and have
had more or less vogue ever since. But
these alien circuses were indoor affairs
They were entertainments Of the hippo
drome order which no tradition respecting
American would think of accepting except
as a make-shft substitute for the frolIc
under the great swaylng fields Of canvas
in the sunlight
Why. these poor beniChted Europeans
actually do not know what the real live
circus means-unless they have been able
to visit one of the American tented shows
imported for their benefit and even then
the environment causes it to lose some
thing of that atmosphere" which IS its
chief charm and which virtually compels
that good-natured democracy that is hap
PLY and rightfully a dominant character
istic of the American circus. but which
could scarcely thrive in the face of 4
royal box" Just imagine what it would
be to watch a circus from sedate opera
chairs and to look in vain for the small
tents Of the side show and the cIamoring
crowd around the ticket wagon and the
vendors of peanuts and popcorn and red
lemonade and the sellers OF concert"
The Washington herald., 1911-03-19

At one point n problem never before
encountered In the building of a subway
presented itself in the shape Of a Ques-
ton Of how to avoid the concrete foun-
dations Of a gigantic Office building and
to make a drive beneath an existing
tunnel The foundations Of the office
building rested GO feet beneath the sur
face OF the street, and in order 10 main
tain a straight line there- was nothing
left 10 do but to pierce this mass Cf
masonry.
This was accomplished entirely to the
satisfaction Of all concerned and Is one
of the particular engineering triumphS
Of the age.
One Of the features OF the subway Is
The Washington herald., 1911-03-19

fact. mate Is much easier to learn to like
than either tea or coffee
Its leaves are very thick and not I'M
Ike those OF the holly plant that AmerIS
cans put around their homes during the
christmas season The leaves are heated
little, Just as Is done with tea leaves.
ana are afterward broken np IL much the
samo fashion as Chinese tea.
In Southern Brazil the natives drink