davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19
RAISE WORMY APPLES--- EXPECT LOSS
BY j. E. Buck, Virginia.

nishes an excellent opportunity for
filling the calyx cups with poisonous
spray, so that when the young worms
endeavor to eat their way into the
apple they are killed by the poison.
This first application Of spray
should be made inside of a week after
the petals fall from the bloom.
Everything should be gotten In
readiness for this first spraying. for 1t
Is certainly the most important Of all
tn sprayings, It being possible to kill
over 9b per cent Of the worms by one
thorough application Of arsenate OF
lead at this time. A second applica-
ton Of spray should be made two to
three weeks later. to supplement the
first.
Either Paris green or arsenate of
lead can be applied In Bordeaux mix
ture. The arsenate Of lead can be
applied simply in water, without any
danger to fruit or foliage. Paris
green can also be applied In water,
but unless used In Bordeaux, pounds
Of lime should be slaked and added
to each so gallons Of spray to pre-
vent possible damage to fruit and
foliage.
Six to eight ounces Of Paris green
should be used to each 80 gallons OF
spray. In using arsenate Of lead 2
pounds to 80 gallons of spray, in mist
sprays, has given us the best results.
IN mist sprays about 8 gallons were
sprayed on each tree (nine-year-old
trees Of fair size). Some trees were
ten to twelve years old. One and one
fourth pounds OF arsenate OF lead
gave splendid results in drench
sprays with high pressure. In drench
spray 5 to gallons were sprayed on
each tree, which would make about
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19
HIGH PRICED WHEAT SEEMS
PERMANENT.

There is general belief Just now
that dollar wheat has come to stay.
The crop shortage in the Dakotas and
Manitoba caused q quick upturn in
the market as soon as the extent OF
the damage was realized and prices
advanced 20 cents In less than as
many days.
Early in tho crop season elevator
men and others fixed on so cents at
Chicago as a fair price for wheat and
in the big slump of June and July
quotations fell to about 80 cents.
There was an immediate rally, how
ever, when the situation IN the spring
wheat belt became known.
Dollar wheat in Chicago means that
farmers throughout the western coun-
try will receive an average Of go cents
at least, while nearer the seaboard
they Will! get upwards Of dollar a
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19
THE JAPANESE RADIsH.

The Sakurajima radish. which
cores from Japan, is becoming quite
popular in this country, and is now
raised in thousands Of gardens i
will thrive in alrncst any good soil
that will grow other radishes The
seeds. which may be obtained from
any dealer, should be sown tiainly and
covered lightly.
After the plants appear they must
be thinned vigorously, because these
radlshes grow to an enormous size
small ones being from four to SIX
inches in diameter.
These radishes are at their best
when about half grown, as they be-
come somewhat strong and woody II
allowed to grow too large. The
japanese boil then, like turnips OF
cabbage, but they may be eaten raw
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19

A great many people would be glad
To keep q few colonies of bees Il they
did not everlastingly swarm. This
difficulty may be overcome to some
extent. Bees swarm because Of lack
of room. If instead Of using single
hive you use one Of double capacity.
or one on top Of the Other. the swarm
Ing tendency will be very much cur
tailed; 80 the best way is to use hives
of large size, or those Of ordinary size
one piled on top of the other; the
bees and queens should be given
plenty OF room.
At the beginning of the season, one
story of @ hive will be enough. Just
before fruit blooms open up, another
story should be added, containing
empty combs or frames Of comb
foundation, and as the season adj
vances, more stories added as re-
quired.
A large entrance should be pro-
vided at the bottom of each story so
as to keep the bees inside the hive,
for If the bees cluster out In front
they will te sure to swarm; so there
should be enough room to keep the
bees inside the hive and at work.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19
VALUE OF HE1yER BEEF.

Professor Kennedy. Of the Iowa
College, while In England q few years
ago. expressed great surprise at dis
covering that butchers pay q higher
price for heifer beef than for steer
beef Of tho Same ago and condition Of
flesh.
Henry Wallace says this was also q
surprise to him the drst- time he went
abroad. He found that the butchers
were willing to give Q premium on
hefers over steers and we found that
in ono or two districts Of England
butchers would buy only hsifers II
they could get them.
The reasons given by the butchers
are that the grain Of the flesh, u dner,
the bono smaller and therefore tho
leifer cuts up better than the steer Of
the same age and furnishes q better
capacity for beef. I'VE remem Der
when q boy at home" says Mr.. Wal
lace, when a beef was to be killed in
the fall Of the year. mother always
insisted on killing heller, giving the
exact reasons stated by Prof. Ken
needy as given by the butchers at
Liverpoorthat the meat of the heller
was finer in the grain and better and
there was less waste
There is absolutely no sense or
reason for the determination made
against heifer beef in the United
States. With COW beef It is somewhat
different, for the reason that cow
that has produced number Of calves
will not dress as large per cent OF
beef and the animal being older will
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19

Young calves need whole milk for
the frst few days. The calf should
always have the first or colostrum
milk OF the COW and be allowed to
nurse the COW until the eighth OF
ninth milking, when the milk is
suitable for human food. Feed often
with small amounts to avoid over
feeding. Teach tho calf to drink and
feed whole milk for at least three
weeks, changing to skim milk diet
gradually. 4
Tho amount Of milk fed should be
carefully regulated. A good plan
with the normal calf is to give I
pounds e quarts) Of whole milk
three times per day, fed sweet nnd at
blood temperature. In the state OF
nature the calf gets milk containing
about 8 per cent fat Our domestt-
Gated cows have been bred IN some
instances to give nearly twice this
amount Milk that Is too rich may
cause serious trouble from scours.
and in feeding such milk care should
be exercised to give limited amounts
at the proper temperature. The feed
ing OF whole milk should be con-
tinued for about three or four weeks.
when the number Of meals may be
reduced to two per day. From one
half to a pint OF skim-milk may now
be substituted for an equal quantity
OF whole milk. The amount OF skim
milk may be gradually Increased and
the amount OF whole milk cores
pondingly decreased until. at the end
.of a week or 10 days. the calf Is get
ting all skim milk.
. Skim milk is a cheap feed for calves
but should be fed carefully in limited
quantities and only while it is warm
and sweet. Skim milk may form the
principal diet Of the calf for eight
months or year. Factory skim milk
should always be pasteurized to avoid
the spread Of tuberculosis. The best
skim milk :: that which is fresh from
the separator and still warm Ex-
periments show that 1t is only one
fourth as expensive to raise calf on
skim milk as whole milk. Two
pounds Of grain with I, . proper
amount Of skim milk equals one
pound Of butter fat. Buttermilk or
whey may probably be fed to calves,
Grain for calves should be fed first
while the calf is quite small with a
little bran to aid the calf in learning
to eat. High priced concentrates are
unnecessary. and give no better re-
suits than corn meal, oats and bran
ground barley. ETC.. when fed In pro-
per combinations. At four to SIX
weeks calf has good teeth and can
grind his own feed. A variety OF
feeds Is advantageous and best re-
suits will usually be secured from
mixtures.
The following list may serve as 6
1uide to the calf feeder in making
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19
PROPERLY PACKED BUTTER.
BY ". II. Underwood.

When . farmers wife or daughter
has q sufficient quantity Of milk to be
able to sell some butter, she ought by
all means to find out just what sort
Of butter people will pay tho highest
price for and how the same IL packed
for sale. and comply with these con-
ditions. If they do so they will get
ell It Is worth.
On a Saturday not long since while
was waiting in the store several
persons brought in butter, and with
the exception Of that from two GUS
toners (myself and one other), It was
all made in large rolls, small rolls
packed in jars. crooks and pans. Some
was made in round prints and wrapp-
ed in oil paper, and some Of the large
rolls were also wrapped in oil paper.
The clerk weighed . basket Of eight
pound prints, and they tipped the
scales at SIX and one-half pounds
only. I asked him what he paid and
he said Is cents.
tasted tho butter. It was good
ana the merchant would have boon
glad to pay rs cents, the Same az !
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19

Entire Crop OF Eight Back Twi:
Trees, Not Sprayed. Sound. 40 Apples
on Left; scabby. 1880 in Pile ON
Right.
ounces to SO gallons, produced as. high
as 96A per cent Of clean fruit on the
picked apples, and 95 per cent, count
ing the dropped apples
In using either poison the utmost
care should be taken to have the
exact; amount desired. Either poison
should be thoroughly mixed in little
water before putting In the spray
barrel or tank. A good brand Of ar
senate Of lead should be used. and
there are many good brands.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19

with the possible exception Of the
San Jose scale the cooling moth Is the
most destructive insect with which
our, orchardists have to contend.
These worm pests, which leave the
apples In late summer and fall. hide
and spin cocoons under bark scales.
in rubbish about trees, In decayed
places on the tree, and about apple
bins and storage houses. In these
cocoons they pass the winter.
In tho spring, as the days begin to
get warm, the worm changes to a
"pupa" inside the cocoon and soon
tn, pupa changes to a moth, which
splits the case and craWls out.
1t seems quite generally true that
the temperature conditions governing
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19

bushel.
There will be less wheat for export
than usual. but the home demand will
be fully met. Had the hard wheat
crop turned out normal, the increased
acreage would have resulted in glut
in the market. Farmers would have
had more wheat to sell but they would
be compelled to take twenty cents per
bushel less for 1t.
Extensive buying OF wheat by mill
ers, elevator companies and promi-
nent spectators IL evidence that the
present range Of prices Is natural
one, though there may be the usual
fluctuations,
Deliveries have become large both
In the spring and winter wheat
regions and prices are we'll main
tanned. Farmers seem to be in a
position to, check sales on any serious
break in tho market.
Considering tho high price OF live
stock and the fair quotations for
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19
WINTER oAr1 IN THE SOUTH.

Last fall tried test plats Of tho
following varieties Of winter oats:
Bancroft Appler and Rust Proof
oats. They were sown August 20
with a liberal application Of a good
grade phosphate. They were sown
In the standing corn. After the corn
was cut the balance Of the field was
sown to Virginia Gray oats with
light application Of phosphate. The
oats were put In with grain drill.
neither of the three varieties named
stood the winter SO well as the Wiz
ginia Gray oats. In fact, only q few
punches Of each Of the new varieties
stood the winter. The Virginia Gray
oats were sown about October l.
which was very late for sowing oats.
"A. J. Legs, W. Va.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19

grain, hay and general produce, It
will be found that the American
farmer is holding his own. Nearly all
farmers in the wheat belt OF the west
have an abundance OF cattle and hogs
which products insure a good income.
regardless of a partial failure in grain.
This diversif1cation is going on oil
over the country, as much in the south
as elsewhere and 1t means the dawn
Of new era Of prosperity in agri-
culture.
Just SO far as mixed farming be-
comes, the rule, Just so far Is the sue
cess Of the American producer resting
on q sound basis.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19

got but he said he could not sell It
for more than ID cents because It had
q mussy-looking appearances.
II each one Of those people would
pay SLIPS for q brick-shapped mold
that will make an extra pound; so
cents for roll of parchment paper
seven and one-half inches wide. tear
the paper with the aid OF a ruler into
sheets ten ana one-half inches long,
dip these into cold water and wrap
each pound neatly. pack them neatly
in q clean box lined with white paper.
assure you that they can then get
2B ~oeuts per pound for their butter
and the gain In price will give them q
good many dollars to put into their
pockets.
It will not take ton minutes longer
on churning day to do this, and tho
knowledge OF putting first class
article on the market in first class
condition will repay In itself.
It Is not best to use the oiled paper.
It Is impossible to handle the butter
without tearing It and 1t makes the
butter look anyway but we'll.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19
Oxen StM in Use I'm Some Parts of
the United States.

OxOn SILL M OSo III 0Ouo drt0 u
the United States.
Some one has defined the soil as
that portion Of the earth at or near
tho surface which consists largely Of
fine particles"
And again 1t has been described as
that part OF the earth into which the
plants send their roots and from
which they take much of their food.
Well. II the soil Is the portion Of
the earth at the surface. what Is be-
low the soil? Most of you know that
II you dig down deep into the soil you
will como to solid rock.
Sometimes rock Is reached q few
inches below the surface. and again
you must dig many feet before you
come to It. but sooner or later you
are sure to ind q bed Of stone.
We learn therefrom this tirst In
teresting fact that underneath all
soils are found solid rocks
Now. II you were to examine a
sample Of soil with q strong mAgni-
flying glass or Q microscope, you would
find that 1t Is largely made up Of very
fine particles Of rock.
Mixed with these particles Is Q
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19

the came amount Of poison as in the
mist spray.
Arsenate of lead has proven su-
perior to Paris green In all the tests.
It costs more, but the extra saving OF
fruit will make up tho difference in
cost. Both Paris green and arsenate
Of lead, when thoroughly applied will
produce q high per cent Of clean
fruit.
Results OF careful tests show that
over 80 per cent Of worm-free fruit
Is possible on the picked apples by
spraying with arsenate of lead, and
over 9Sh per cent. counting all the
apples that drop during the summer.
The mist sprays with Paris green. 8
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19

Entire Crop of Seven Black Twig
Trees Sprayed Six Times. Sound, 1882
Apples in Pile on Left; scabby, % in
Pile ON Right.
the blooming of apple trees also oc-
casion the appearance Of the moths
in tho spring. This habit Of tho moth
furnishes the very best opportunity
Of combating it. After tho petals fall
from the bloom, for a period of a
week or ten days, the calyx cavity
remains more or less open. and the
young apples more or less upright.
AS 10 per cent or moro of these
first worms enter the young apples at
the calyx, or blossom end, this fur
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19
FEEDING The DAIRY CALF
THE FUTURE POSSIBILITIES OF THEyNEWBoRN
car RESTS UPON IT'S FEED. ,cARBAND
MANAGEMENT.

BY D. II. Otis, wisconsin.

selections or combinations 20 sait hlH
conditions:
i. Corn meal gradually ohs1gsd
IN four to SIX weeks to .shsl1ed corn!
with or without bran. Z,
2. Whole oats ana bran.
8. Whole oats and CORE. chopp.fheg
latter gradually replaced by sshollsd
corn IN four to s1x weeks. Y
4. Ground barley with bran O,
shelled corn
5. shellsd corn and srounds.Kaa1
corn or sorghum.
9. Whole oats. ground barley and|
bran. i.s
q. A mixture OF 20 pounds OF corn
meal. 20 pounds OF oat meal 40
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19

For holding the comb, small round
sticks arc used, the sa me as In the
old hive. the cover Is removable and
the edges beveled to hold In position q
small upper hive or upper stories t.
be added as needed.
Beginners should not purchase
large colonies OF bees. Begin moder.
ately and 60 slow.
Colonies placed in an open sttua.
ton and somewhat shaded by trees OF
vines will be much moro conveniently
handled than when placed In an ord!-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19

There are nearly 10000 Hindus
scattered along the Pacific coast from
California to the Canadian line and
many Of them are working on farms.
They know little about farming but
learn readily and as their pay IL small
farmers find them fairly profitable.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19

quality.
A half q cent q pound. however,
should be ample TO cover this shrink
age; whereas q heller Is really entitled
to q premium over tho steer Of from
q quarter to half cent.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19

The Gross value Of Crops produced
on the lands irrigated by the govern
ment's projects last year was
s20,00O,000. AS :. result of this work
of the government 1t is estimated that
land values have increased more than
S105. 600, 600.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19

= + . s. q ~ IL
pounds OF oil meal. 10 pounds Of
blood meal and pounds OF bone
meal. changed to corn, oats and bran
when calves are three months Old
s..,,A mixture Of 3 pounds whole
oats, pounds bran. pound corn
meal and pound Of lmseed msal
The calf may be taught 20 eat grain
by rubbing a little on its mouth wasen
it is through drinking milk. From
this It will soon learn to eat from TIL
feed box. ,.
The roughage for calves u ahould
first be fed at two or three weeks Of
age when the calf begins to satsgra1n.
Good clean hay. either timothy, blue
grass, clover or slfalfa may 30 uved.
Corn silage Is an, excellent calf feed
when fed in moderate amounts. Good
pasture is an essential after four 20
six months OF age and II the cak %
turned out for only q few hours sach
day at first. SCOUTS WIN DO avoided.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19

A dairy barn can be kept prscti-
cally free from unpleasant edors, but
we never saw more than hall dozen
such barns.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19
HANDY TO HAVE AROUND.

A Pennsylvania farmer says he has
a horse which has a mania for pGWfn1
up potatoes. and he 10 going 10 somp1oy
him for that purpose The GARNER
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19
declares that tho horse will follow =
row and paw up every tvo0f ~
Clearly as II turned out With 9 pesent
digger.

The mayor Of New York r. vigor-
ously prosecuting swindlers VINO ssu
short weight potatoes. Inc Jaw re-
autres the barrel OF potatoes 80 con-
tain 100 quarts, and 70 weigh 17A
pounds, but most OF tho cafSs0 IN
use are short from 90 to 80 pounds.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19

Only an xpert is able to tell ~ the
smell Just when tho cream - Fight
for churning. II then has Q, Clean
sour taste and smells Ike nuts fresh
from the woods.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19

A man is always dead sure he II
right whenever the decision affects
his own pocket Look.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19

Colonies worked this way may store
from 50 to 200 pounds Of fne honey.
Some colonies handled In this way
may swarm, but they wi. not be
very many. In such cases put over
the entrance an alley trap This will
allow tho worker bees to pass in and
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19

We believe in conservation particu.
larIy in conservation OF fresh air IN
Ike bedrooms and sunshir 9 In the
kitchens Of farm dwellings.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-10-19

When it comes to q qusstaon Of d..
Gliding whether you shall send the hoy
to agricultural college or buy auothor
blooded bull give the boy the ben13t
Of the doubt.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-08-28
STOCKS n BONDS.
WE OFFER SIS,
Wheeling Can

So First Mortgage BOnds-Dated July /, 1911.
Interest payable January and July 1. Redeemable after July (,
1918. Payable July 1, 1881.
Examination of Titles and Preparation OF Deed of Trust and Bonds
by Messrs. Russell & Russell and Geo. r. Gichrist.
Price and particulars on application.
HOWARD HAZLETT & SON
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-08-28

phia company leading. have about 90
wells drilling and starting. The gas
is developed principally in the Big
lnjun sand. but some very good wells
are found in the Gordon.
ON Fallen Timber Run. Grant dis
triCt. Wctzcl county. y. =. SNYDER *
co. are due in the Big Injun at their
test on the Elmer T.. Ice farm. on
North Fork the Hope Natural Gas
company has started TO drill a test on
the J. ". Allen farm.
on the Ohio side. in the Payne dis
trict. in Independence township.
Washington county. the Braden OIL
company and Depuy Bros. have COM
pleted No. ] on the Kcnnie Kress farm
and have a hve-barrel pumper In the
Ieckcr sand. In the Rinards Mills
district. Clark & Brass have drilled
thrif test on the Robert Kline farm
through oil m and have n buster.
In the New Matamoras district. r. r.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-08-28
OIL AND GAS

Iighf bumpers and casters are
tho eastern foiJe Offering DO the
close ct the week. South OF the
Submission pool. iu Clay district.
Harrison county. ". Va. tho South
Penn oil company has drilled its
so 4 on INC g. williamson farm
through the forty foot sand and has
70 very small show OF Oil. developed
at 80 feet ln fhe sand
ON Trafts Run. Boo WcElroy die
frIrf. Tyler county. thc ThilaIolph 20
company t1a drilled % Test ou tho
Olive stewart farm through tho Ug
lnIun sand and has a liehf r1sscr.
On Middle Island creek %tenterviTe
district. tho ramo company has
drilled frs's on tho s 81 and J. %.
Uoak farms Through The ssmo f0rm1.
zion and BIAS fho samo Kind ~ gns.
GERS on Nuffsr4 Fork The Thiladcl.
rhIs company las drilled its test
0n tho Samuel uuckworfh farm
through 900 sands and has "a duster.
uu Little FLINT crcck. Grant district.
uoddrldgo county. tho tost ou the
Nicholas Wilcox farm "a drilling to
the Gordon sand. Nothing was found
iu tHc Ulf lnIun formation.
! on West Fork, Hackers creek die.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-08-28

studevant has completed No. 4 on N.
l. Price farm and has a small hummer
In the Cow Run sand.
in Penn ownship. Morgan county.
orndorf * co. have completed No .
on the \. +. Van Fosscn farm and
nave n buster. In the same district
the am parties have completed two
tests on the Laura Best farm to
pumping. and 81 is good for i've bar
rels a day In the Cow Run sand. In
the Payne district. Washington coun-
~. the Carter OIL company is drilling
a test on the J. Jones farm: n NIL
dren Il co. are drilling n test on the
T. Patterson farm. Lucas a. Co. ara
down 500 feet at n test on the John
Decker farm. In the Reas Run dis-
trict, the Reno oil company Is drilling
a test on the James Mccormick four
acres. Reynolds & co. are drilling on
the Nettie R-cnshausen farm. n the
Carter OIL company has a rig up on
the George FELTON, farm.