davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Yale expositor., 1911-09-14
A NEW FACTOR in FARMING
Use of Power Has Multiplied Mans Capacity Hundredfod-
Comparison Of Power Furnished by Tractor With That
Furnished by the Horse.
By II. II. MUSSELMAN, Instructor IN Farm Engineering,
Michigan Agricultural College

The history of agricultural machin-
cry has been one Of extremely rapid
development within comparatively re-
cent years. The trend of develop
ment has been toward the applica-
ton OF power to hand processes. The
history of manufacturing shows the
lame course. We are told that the
extended use of power has made the
work of the world less arduous and
shortened the hours of labor. Mans
progress depends largely upon his Ca
pacity to do work, which is the result
OF the expenditure of energy. The
use OF power has multiplied his Ca
pacity q hundredfold. The man with
the hoe, dull and uncomprehending, is
passing, and in his stead we find the
man with wits keen to direct and
hands skilled to control the energy
which doubles his own a score,
whether it be the four-horse team, the
steam engine, or the gasoline tractor.
Through the agency of well adapted
agricultural machines he has been
able TO direct this energy into useful
work, the effectiveness and nicely of
never equal.
This year at Winnipeg, Canada,
was held a competition of motor trac-
tors, steam, gasoline and kerosene.
Here were met thirty one outfits from
half as many companies. For three
weeks these machines were subjected
to the severest tests on the brake and
in the field under actual working con-
ditions. Virgin prairie sod, the tough
est task the plowman has ever en-
cOuntered, was severed and upturned
with a rapidity and ease amazing to
the layman. What was the purpose
of it all? Primarily to determine the
adaptibility Of the various types of
machines to the work for which they
are intended, but In larger sense to
develop and perfect a machine which
means the making of the northwest.
We are accustomed to the use of
power on the farm in Michigan. The
principal sources are the windmill,
the gasoline engine, the steam engine,
and the horse. The field has been di-
vided and to the lighter duties have
been assigned the windmill and the
gasoline engine. The steam engine
handles the heavier duties to which
it is adapted, but to mans most faith
full friend, the horse falls the greater
share. The steam engine has never
been seriously considered as a field
machine in Michigan on account of
its weight and unwieldiness on the
comparatively small fields and farms.
There is being brought forth today,
however, the light internal combus-
ton tractor intended for general pur-
pose work upon the farm. 1t has not
The Yale expositor., 1911-09-14
Dust and Iuharouloala.

As result Of the dangers from con-
sumption to those exposed to various
forms Of dust. and Mt the request of
the National Association for the Study
and Prevention of tuberculosis, the
United States government has recent
ly appointed commission to work in
cooperation with state authorities in
making an investigation into the con-
ditions of the metal mining industries
In the United States, with special ref
erence to diseases Of the lungs. The
work of the commission engaged IN
this special task will follow lines
somewhat similar to those worked
out by the Royal Commission of Aus
tralia. whose report was recently re-
ceived In this country.
The Yale expositor., 1911-09-14
BARGAIN OF M. D. AND D. D.
Mutual Obligations Entered Into That
Surely Should Have Been
Satisfactory.

Newell Dwight Hills, the now fa-
nous New York preacher and author,
some years ago took charge of the
First Presbyterian church of Evans
ton, III. Shortly after going there he
required the services of physician,
and on the advice of one of his par
ishioners called in a doctor noted for
his his ability properly to emphasize
good story but who attended church
very rarely. He proved very satisfac-
tory to the young preacher, but for
some reason could not be induced to
render bill. Finally Doctor Hills,
becoming alarmed at the inroads the
bill might make in his modest stipend,
went to the physician and said: See
here, DOCTOR l must know how much
] owe you"
AFTER some urging, the physician re-
piled: well, I'll tell you what I'll
do with you, Hills. They say you're
a pretty good preacher, and you seem
to think l am a fair doctor, SO I'll
make this bargain with you. I'll do
all l can to keep you out of heaven If
you do all you can to keep me out Of
hell, and it won't cost either Of us
a cent. 1t is a go?"-Cosmopolitan
Magazine.
The Yale expositor., 1911-09-14
NIGHT SHOW AT The MICHIGAN
STATE FAIR A GREAT SPECTACLE
The Elaborate observation-disclosures Abze
Ligh-Magnihceny Staged and Coumed Will Be the Grand
Spectacle Presented by Amy Fair Management

The night show to be given in con-
nection with the State Fair this year
will, according to the management,
be the most magnificent spectacle
ever presented. The increased pre-
miums and special prizes will bring
forth the very best in horsefiesh, and
the gorgeous horse show will be put
on as a prelude to the magnificent
fireworks spectacle in front of the
grand stand. Motor Hall will also
be kept open evenings and the i'm
mense display of autos on the first
floor, with the Industrial exhibit and
electrical show on the second floor,
will be a most interesting part Of the
fair. But the pyrotechnic display, in
cluGing the grand realistic spectac-
ular production, Pioneer Days and
Chief Pontiac's Attack on Fort De-
troit," will be the piece de resistance
of the night entertainment. This
realistic spectacular production is be-
ing especially designed for the Mich
The Yale expositor., 1911-09-14
STATE FAIR IS BOOMING
RUSH OF ENTRIES INDICATES
FAIR WILL BREAK ALL
RECORDS.
In the Offices and on the Grounds
There Ic no Let Up in
Preparations.

Entries are pouring into the State
Fair Office at the rate of one every
two minutes with no prospect OF a
let up before the gong rings to start
the show on the eighteenth.
At the grounds small army is
working on new buildings, painting
and repairing old ones, constructing
fences, roads and sidewalks and an
other gang of men and teams will
be engaged until the fair opens on
the great mile speedway where the
fastest horses in the world will en-
ter in the twenty contests at the
five days Grand Circuit meeting for
the $4,000 in purses offered.
This early it is apparent that every
department, from the poultry show
to the horse and cattle departments,
will be crowded with exhibits and
what to do with the overflow is a
big problem the management must
cope with before the fair opens. In
the agricultural and horticultural Sec
tions, the exhibits will be larger
than ever before, the development
bureaus of the upper peninsula, the
western and northeast sections Of
the state having engaged all of the
space the fair management would
allot them for the exhibits from their
sections.
Every inch of available space has
been taken on the floor Of Motor
hall by motor car manufacturers and
dealers, and this show will this year
he one Of the leading features of the
fair More than so manufacturers
and dealers will exhibit, trucks form
ing a big part of the show. The sec.
ond floor will house an industrial
show. many Detroit manufacturers
having taken space.
The Edmondton, Canada, board OF
trade has taken a thousand feet OF
space for an exhibit. This VIII come
direct from the Edmondton fair
The Yale expositor., 1911-09-14

tiac's treachery, with all the stirring
features-the wilderness, with the
lonely, unpainted cabins in the clear
ings-the old Fort Detroit stockade-
Major Gladwyn, daring man among
the Indians-the relocated troops in
the barracks-Catherine the Ojibwa
girl, reputed to have been the belle
of the tribe, who unfolded the plot
to the whites-the marauding bands
of Indians-Chief Pontiac, who held
his savage followers under his will
all this presented in pantomime with
new scenery and gaudy trappings, is
spectacular in the extreme, and the
show at night in the open field por-
trays in action the white settlers and
the nomadic life and ways of the
Indians in the Michigan wilderness,
and stirring episode of the career
of famous Indian chief, who figured
in the early history of Detroit and
lower Michigan.
The Yale expositor., 1911-09-14

as yet proven IT'S worth. but many
are looking forward to It's advent with
the keenest interest. Can such ma
chine find field of usefulness, and
If SO what would be the basis Of its
adoption?
Suppose we give the matter of the
amount of power furnished some con-
sideration and in so doing leave out
all other factors. We will compare
roughly the power furnished by the
tractor with that furnished by the
horse. At present the unit Of power
Is the horse. This un!t may be COM
bined into the two, three and even the
four.horse team. The latter is about
the limit of power that one man can
handle advantageously, The average
horse Is able to develor nearly a unit
horsepower when used continuously.
One horsepower here Is intended to
mean the unit used In measuring
work. A man then driving a four
horse team would be able to control
the energy equal to four-horsepower.
II he were using a twenty horsepower
tractor which should develop, roughly
speaking, about fifty per cent. of the
total horsepower at the draw bar, he
should then have from Clio horse
power available for effective work
with the engine working at some
where near its full load. All other
things being equal, the balance would
be in favor of the tractor since 1t
would enable one man to control a
greater amount Of power. Aside from
the question of power furnished there
is a question of adaptability which
the manufacturer is assiduously work.
ing out. An example of what we
mean by adaptibility may be shown
by the following: A four-horse team
may be divided and each horse or
unit used complete in itself, this
adapting 1t to smaller yet important
details of work. In the tractor this
would manifestly be impossible, but
on the other hand the tractor through
it's construction and efficiency would
be found especially valuable for belt
work where horses can be used to
very little advantage. There are many
questions of design such as types OF
engines, gears, clutches, height, height
and width of drivers, kind Of lugs for
effective traction. weight, ETC.. which
time and experience together must
determine If, however, we can add
to the size and adaptibility Of the
now commonly understood and used
gasoline or kerosene engine, obtain
fuel at reasonable cost, and shift a
proportionately larger share of the
work upon this unfeeling machine,
then 1t will surely find favor Old
Dobbin will not be supplanted, but re-
lieved OF his heaviest burdens as he
has relieved man of his.
The Yale expositor., 1911-09-14

these young and vigorous bugs that
hibernate and start new generations
in the spring. The remedy is obvious
destroy all old vines. squash, pump
kin, cucumber and all vines Of that
family, just as soon as they have
served their purpose, either plow or
burn, and do it then.
On cool nights the bugs love to
hide under shelters. Old shingles,
placed on the ground near the vines,
harbor dozens of the adults over
night The lesson is obvious-put out
pieces of board and shingles and de-
stroy the bugs early in the morning
before they get to the vines. Jar the
bugs off into pals of water having a
little kerosene floating on it.
The Yale expositor., 1911-09-14
CONTROL OF
SQUASH BUGS
b~e>u~%>~~~%~%~%%~%<~~%%~Ss
By r. II. PETIT, Entomologist,
Michigan Agricultural College

Everyone knows the large black
stink-bug or squash-bug of the garden
and field. All of us have tried to kill
1t by sprays, dust baths and what not,
but still the stink-bug flourishes.
There seems to be no wash or powder
that will kill the bug without at the
same time killing the plants.
The eggs of these marauders are
red in color, and quite large; they
are laid in patches on the leaves, for
the most part, on the under side. The
young bugs that come from these
eggs resemble the adults very much
except in their proportions and in
size, although of course they lack the
wings. Not only do the bugs attack
the vines, piercing them with their
The Yale expositor., 1911-09-14

ture of the many program offerings,
and the management decided that
by presenting Pontiac and the Siege
Of Fort Detroit"-easily the most ap-
pealing of all the spectacular shows
they could please the exposition
crowds and at the same time present
stirring historical incident of De-
troit's early days when, on May z,
1853, Pontiac, the Ottawa chief, with
a band of Indians, passed through
the gate Of the old Fort Detroit stock
ade, erected when the city was found
ed in 1901, intending to surprise and
massacre the garrison; but the ex-
posure of his plot on the previous day
by Catherine, the Ojibwa girl, caused
the defeat of his plans and he retired
to his wigwam to hatch over a new
scheme of revenge.
Will Be Historically Correct.
The Due Fireworks Company's pro-
duction of this incident of Chief Pom
The Yale expositor., 1911-09-14

The Philippines will send an ex-
hibit to the educational department.
In connection with the poultry de-
partment there will be q baby dove
show by Detroiters and the Ohio
Pigeon and Bantam club of Toledo
will show a thousand birds.
For the first time, the Michigan
fair is to receive official recognition
from the United States department
of agriculture, President Newton
having been notified that Prof.
Charles +. Snyder has been detailed
to represent the department, with
instructions to pay special attention
to the horse and sheep departments.
The Yale expositor., 1911-09-14
Twice Convicted.

Another lawyers story arrives. We
are told that man was charged with
picking a pocket the other day and
that when arraigned he pleaded
guilty" The case went to the jury,
however, and the verdict was mot
guilty" And the court spake as fol-
lows:
~ uuoo,u don't leave this court without
a stain on your character. BY your
own confession you are a thief. BY
the verdict of the jury, you are
r."-Cleveland Plain Dealer.
The Yale expositor., 1911-09-14
WEED CONTROL
IN AUTUMN
By r. S. SHAW
h><A%<<<<<%~<<<>%<<%A%%%%%<

Seedlings of clover and grass seed
mixtures for hay and pasturage are
quite universally made along with
winter wheat, rye, barley or oats.
While these crops are growing the
weeds are kept in subsection, but aft
er harvest their competition in
growth with the clover and timothy
begins promptly and vigorously. The
number and varieties Of weeds will
depend somewhat on the locality and
care exercised in operating the farm.
Canada thistles, ragweed, pigweed,
foxtail, ETC., are among the common
est kinds found. 1t is not uncommon
for ragweed and foxtail to overtop the
new seeding and mature their seeds
perfectly. Most of these weeds can
be prevented from seeding by clip
ping, with the cutter bar OF the now
er tilted up so as not to injure the
new clover seeding. If the growth Is
heavy it may be permitted to cure
and then raked up and stored for win
ter forage for sheep, otherwise de.
stroyed. This work can usually be
done during August or September at
times when farm work Is not press
ing. OF the weeds which seed in this
way at this time, the ragweed is
probably most persistent and per-
nicious. The practice just advocated
is pursued on the Michigan Agricul-
tural College farm in case the seed.
ings are not pastured by sheep. A
constant warfare has to be waged
against weeds owing to their intro
duction in the purchase of hay, straw
and grain for feeding, all the manure
being returned to the farm.
The Yale expositor., 1911-09-14

Many promising colts are ruined by
being forced on long drives with
their dams. This is not only q cruel
practice, but a senseless one.
The Yale expositor., 1911-09-14

A cold on the chest weakens your lungs.
Hubercular Germs attack the weak spots.
Keep your lungs strong by curing colds
quickly with Hamlins Wizard Oil and you
will not get Consumption.
The Yale expositor., 1911-09-14

long beaks, and extracting the sap,
which alone is enough to seriously in
jure the plants, but at the same time
they carry the germs of disease from
one plant to another, thus inoculating
healthy plants with the wilt, and pos
sibly with other diseases.
Remedial.
Plants grown under mosquito-net-
ting Of course escape the bugs, but
such a measure is very expensive ex-
cept in unusual cases.
Clean Culture.-In the autumn after
the crop is secured, the bugs continue
to feed on the old vines for some
time before the vines dry up and die
The writer has collected large num-
bers In such situations. Young bugs,
I'D bugs, and bugs half grown. II is
The Yale expositor., 1911-09-14

Accept your limitations. Seize your
opportunities. Enjoy the good of
the hour. Improve the bad and II
you fail, let 1t drop. S. Blackie.
The Yale expositor., 1911-09-14

Couldn't Help Him.
81 haven't a place to lay my head"
I'm sorry. but we're all out of
head rests"
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1911-10-13
Number Three.
A JOINT RESOLUTIO

A JOINT RESOLUTION
Proposing an amendment to the Consti.
tuition of the Commonwealth of Penn
sylvania, so as to consolidate the
courts Of common pleas Of Allegheny
County.
Section l. Be ii resolved by the Senate
and House of Representatives of the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in Gem
eral Assembly met. That the following
amendment to the Constitution of Penn
sylvania be. and the same is hereby, pro-
posed. in accordance with the eighteenth
article thereof
That section six of article five be
amended, by striking out the said sec
ton. and inserting in place thereof the
following:
phia all the jurisdiction and powers now
vested In the district courts and courts of
common pleas. subject to such changes
as may be made by this Constitution or
by law, shall be in Philadelphia vested in
five distinct and separate courts of equal
and coordinate jurisdiction. composed
of three Judges each. The said courts in
Philadelphia shall be designated respect
,vely as the court of common pleas num-
ber one. number two. number three,
number four, and number five. but the
number of said courts may be by law
increased. from time to time, and shall be
in like manner designated by successive
numbers. The number of judges In any
of said courts, or in any county where
the establishment Of an additional court
may be authorized by law, may be in
creased from time to time. and when
ever such increase shall amount in the
whole to three. such three judges shall
compose distinct and separate court az
aforesaid, which shall be numbered as
aforesaid. In Philadelphia all suits shall
be instituted In the said courts of COM
mon pleas without designating the num-
ber of the said court, and the several
courts shall distribute and apportion the
business among them in such manner as
shall be provided hv rules Of court and
each court to which any suit shall be
thus assigned, shall have exclusive juris-
diction thereof. subject to change Of
venue. as shall be provided by law
In the county of Allegheny all the
jurisdiction and powers now vested in
the several numbered courts Of common
pleas shall be vested in one court of COM
mon pleas. composed Of all the judges in
commission in said courts Such juris-
diction and powers Shall extend to all
proceedings at law and in equity which
shall have been instituted in the several
numbered courts, and shall be subject to
such changes may be made by law
and subject to change of venue as pro-
vided by law The president Judge of
said court shall be selected as provided
by law. The number of judges In said
court may be by law increased from
tirne to time. This amendment shall take
effect on the first day of January sue
ceeding its adoption
A true copy of Resolution No g.
ROBERT McAFEE,
Secretary of the Commonwealth.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1911-10-13
Number Two.
RESOIUTJON

proposing an amendment to the Consti-
tuition of the Commonwealth of Penn
sylvania, so as to eliminate the require
ment of payment of taxes as a qualif-
cation of the right to vote.
Resolved Of the House of Representa-
tives concur). That the following amend
ment to the Constitution of the Common
wealth of PENNSYLVANIA be, and the same
Is hereby. proposed. in accordance with
the eighteenth article thereof:
That section one Of article eight bs
amended, by striking out the fourth
numbered paragraph thereof. so that the
said section shall read as follows:
Section l. Every male citizen twenty
one years Of age. possessing the follow
Ing qualifications. shall be entitled to
vote at all elections, subject however to
such laws requiring and regulating the
registration of electors as the General
Assembly may enact.
First. He shall have been n citizen of
the United States at least one month.
Second. He shall have resided in the
State one year Cor it, having previously
been a qualified elector or native-born
citizen Of the State, he shall have re-
moved therefrom and returned then six
months) Immediately preceding the elec-
Hon.
Third. He shall have resided in the
election district where he shall offer to
vote at least two months Immediately
preceding the election.
A true copy of Resolution No. 2
ROBERT McAFEE,
Secretary of the Commonwealth.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1911-10-13
Joseph A. Helsman.

Candidate for County Treasurer.
Joseph A. Helsman, the Re-
publican nominee for County Treas
urer is good type of the thrifty
German citizens of our County,
who have done so much to aid its
growth and developement.
Mr.. Helsman was born in Scran-
ton fifty-five years ago. Nearly
forty years of his life he has re-
sided in Sullivan County and most
OF the time at Bernice. At present
ne is proprietor of the "IIelsman
House one OF the best hotels in
this section. He began work for
himself in the mines when boy
of eleven years and tie success he
has achieved is the result of his
own effort and industry. As
breaker boy and later AZ miner and
''barn boss he discharged every
duty and was always a trusted en-
ployee. Mr.. Helsman has been
called to fill the office of school
director, tax collector and town
ship treasurer of Cherry township.
In every instance he has discharged
the office with credit to himself
and the satisfaction of his constitu-
ents He is regarded as one of the
substantial, public-sprited citizens
of the community in which he re-
sides and his friens are legion.
Mr.. Helsman was not opposed
for the nomination. This fact
shows clearly that he is regarded
as entirely worthy and competent.
The Office of County Treasurer
requires a man of honesty and
business ability. Mr.. Helsman
possesses both of these qualif-
cations and if elected will give a
clean, business-like administration.