davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-08-31
Fixing Nitrogen for plant Food.

Nitrogen is the essence of all plant
food. Stable manure is valuable as a
fertilizer exact in ratio to the nitro
gen i, co1tains-it is chiefly the nitro
gen part Of ammonia.
The atmosphere is four-fifths nitro
gen. But while the nitrogen locked
with other elementary atoms in am
monia is fixed and available, the
nitrogen of the air is free and no
more available than mountain goat
Is for mohair The trouble is to fix
the nitrogen of the air long enough to
sell 1t and convert 1t into plant
growth.
This is now done with electricity in
northern Europe. Thousands of tons
OF the new and best fertilizer are
sold in Germany alone. But it can be
made only whore electricity is abunl-
ant and where the demand is rec g.
onably large and constant Under
these proper conditions, II is made at
a large profit to the manufactures.
How Profits viii Pull.
When the dam In the Mississippi
here at Keoluk is completed both
these factors of success in this IN
dustry will be present.
Electricity will be abundant and
cheap.
There is constant and large de-
mand for good fertilizer in the
country within seven hundred miles
of Keokuk.
This will be a very profitable point
at which to manufacture the best fer.
tilizer, made out of the air with an
electric ,urrent
Profits are the controlling in.
fuence in the commercial world. The
profits to be made here will bring
here a plant of the fertilizer industry
now operating chiefly in Scandinavia
To FIJI Long Felt Want.
In the fertilizer factory, the cleo
tricity is used to cause the nitrogen
of the air to combine with chean
base to form nitrate. All nitratee
are intensely active fertilizers-stim
ulators of plant growth by virtue OF
containing much plant food
There are large areas in the Unit
ed States, easily reached from Keo.
kuk. which would consume annually
from 500 to 1000 tons Of fertilizer to
| the county, if they could get 1t Hith.
erto, the fertilizer has been of low eff.
ficiency, or the cost has been too
high.
With the remarkably efficient fertil.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-08-31
A Great Industry Dependent upon Large Guam
tity of Electrical Current
CENTER or DEMAND AREA IS HERE
Now Located in Northern Europe and Supplying Large
Amount of the Product to the Farmers of Germany
and Other Foreign Nations

European farmers are buying and
using large quantities of fertilizer
made by electricity out of a raw ma
terial obtained free and which ii is
impossible to include in any tariff
law
Much of the United States is look
ing for cheap fertilizer; the rest OF
the agricultural states are approach
ing the fertilizer stage of farming;
the farmers are becoming scientific
faster every year.
Keokuk is directly connected by
transportation lines with all that part
OF the country needing and using fer
tilizers today east of the Alleghenies.
The south, which takes most interest
in the fertilizers, is reached by water
routes from Keokuk. Ohio, Indiana
and other older states are within a
short railroad radius from Keokuk.
The worn out farms of New England
are reached from Keokuk by the
cheap freight of the lakes from Chi
cago.
Albeit in the richest state of the
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-08-31

sanitary and beautiful to see and to
use, so that once used it Is used there
after to the exclusion of iron. tin and
granite ware.
One of the many outlets OF the Al
uminum company of America for the
metal it makes Is the manufacture of
aluminium cooking utensils by sub
sldiary company called the Aluminium
Cooking Utensil company. This one
branch of the business occupies acres
of ground at New Kensingtor, fac
tory suburb of Pittsburg. The pic
lures on this page are photographs of
some of its buildings-and this is only
one part of the manufacturing indus
try owned by the aluminium metal pro-
ducers.
Besides cooking utensils, made In
the plant shown in the pictures of this
article, aluminium Is used in the man.
ufacture of automobile hoods and boz
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-08-31
The Dawning of
Brighter Days
Optimistic Prophecy Respecting
keokuk and Other Iowa
Towns.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.

George B. Irving OF Chicago, a pro-
fessional booster" and advisor as to
city building, in an address recently
delivered at Muscatine, made the
prediction that within four years there
We're four towns On the Iowa banks
of the Mississippi river that would
enjoy much greater commercial
prominence than they do now-Keo
kuk, Muscatine, Davenport and Du-
buque. This prophecy will certainly
be verified as respects Keokuk, whose
industrial development seems to BE
more certain of realization in the
near future than that of any city in
Iowa. The building of the great
water power dam here will be the
chief factor in this manufacturing and
commercial renaissance that now
seems so certain of coming to pass.
Iowa is logically the heart of the
manufacturing section of the country
said Mr.. Irving. The Missouri is
the western border OF the zone and
the Mississippi is the center. The
continued growth of the western
states means that manufacturing will
move westward, and with the center
OF population only few hundred
miles away, Muscatine and Keokuk
We're logical locations for factories ~
every sort Many great Industrial in.
stitutions will move from the east ia
Iowa within the next few years and
Keokuk with her cheap hydro-electric
power and other advantages will Sc
cure the greater number of them In
his address Mr. Irving said.
He called attention to the fight
which was now being waged in the
Hawkeye state for honors on the field
OF industrial and commercial activity.
He told Of Des Moines marching on
to 100000 population, of Dubuoue's
new lease on life which enabled that
town to land one OF the greatest fac.
tories ever moved into Iowa. the
Brunskick. Bake plant which will nc.
cupy many acres Of ground and em.
ploy almost $500 workers. He then
called attention to Davenport. and told
OF that progressive business mems
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-08-31
LAKE BAIKAL A BIG PUZZLE
Varied and Peculiar Animal Life
Found in Body Of Water in
Central Asia.

The riddle of Lake Baikal. in cen.
tral Asia. Is similar to that of Lake
Tanganyika, in central Africa. In
both cases a large body of fresh wa.
:er remote from the ocean contains or
ganisms apparently marine. Both
iakes, again, contain very large mum
Der OF species not found elsewhere.
Lake Baikal contains numerous salm.
On and seals, as well as three species
Of herring. It also contains n few
moliusca of apparently marine forms
One of the most remarkable fea.
lures of The lake, perhaps, is that al
though 1t Is frozen over for about five
months In the year the animal life is
extremely abundant and varied. This
may be partly accounted for perhaps
by the existence of hot springs.
One of the latest attempts to an.
swer the riddle of Lake Baikal is that
Of the Russian investigator. NJ. Berg
or the thirty-three species OF Ash
found in the lake he finds that four
teen are peculiar to 1t, while nineteen
nave wide distribution In Siberia
ana Europe. Many of these peculiar
species are without near relations any.
where or the mollusca 80 per cent.
are peculiar.
M. Berg does not think the facts
demand the hypothesis that the lake
was once marine. He believes that it
mas always been fresh and that tho
.auha peculiar TO it has had two
1oid origin A part has originated In
the lake itself during the long ages az
us existence, and the rest is portion
OF the prehistoric fresh water fauna
OF siberia which It has preserved.
Japan Advertiser.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-08-31
GUARANTY OF HIS SILENCE
Presence OF Masterful Wife in Church
Stopped Objectionable Noise Man
Thought Was Singing.

Unexpectedly a city pastor who en-
couraged congregational singing
gained new parishioner. Keen
though his delight in hearing his peo-
pie sing, there was one member of his
flock whose endeayors he never en-
couraged. But the man sang without
encouragement, much to the discom-
future of pewholders anywhere near
him, who claimed that his loud. un.
musical voice threw them out of time
and tune
Repeated complaints convinced the
minister that somebody would have
to assume the responsibility of al
lencing the ambitious singer. He de-
cided that the mans wife was best
fitted for the job Owing to diff
ference In religious views husband
and wife attended different churches.
but the minister knew her. so he
called and explained his predicament.
She was genuinely surprised.
DO you mean to say he sings r
she said.
Tries TO-" amended the pastor.
She thought a minute Il shall
have to come there to church" she
said.
y shall be glad to see you" said
the minister, but what effect will
that have on your husbands sing.
ing?"
The look she gave him was more
significant than words, and thew
meant good deal.
John will never open his mouth
when am around" she said.
And John never has.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-08-31

izer made by this electric process, at
the price obtained for it in Europe,
there would be practically an unlimit-
ed amount sold out of Keokuk fac.
tory.
The expenditure of any amount of
money and energ. will not bring to
Keokuk an industry which will not
make additional profits here. The
big Industries, like aluminium and fix
ed nitrogen fertilizer, can hardly be
kept away from here-because Keo-
kuk is the economic site for their
plants, as Baltimore is for oyster can.
ming and Pittsburg for steel making.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-08-31

yantages live around Keokuk; that
Keokuk is in the very center of the
great consumption of aluminium pro
ducts.
These facts, plus the Sufficiently
large quantity of electricity available
here at Keokuk, plus the nearness Of
Keokuk to the raw material, the blue
clay of Arkansas, make a better an.
swer to the question of the future 10.
cation OF the aluminium industry than
any rumors, gossip or confidential in
formation can do.
There are NO figures obtainable as
to the statistics Of the business But
many millions are invested in it and
it employees thousands Of men. 1t is
big enough to be very desirable as a
part of the new Keokuk.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-08-31

organization. the Davenport Club, and
or that bundle of live wires, the Great.
er Davenport. committee.
He elaborated upon the Davenport
spirit, and declared that unless the
business people of muscatine awoke
to their responsibility Davenport
would have a population or $4,000
while Muscatine was just planning up
on inviting somebody to come here
and live, and that with the impetus.
the up river city would roll on to the
$4,000 mark while Muscatine was still
trying to get 10000.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-08-31
Employs Thousands of Men with Millions of
Capital Invested in Business
.KEOKUk IS THE GEOGRAPHICAL CENTER
Thousand Miles Nearer the Raw Material and Exactly
the Center of Distribution of the Manifold
Products of the Mills.

ried. or dug out, whatever the proper
term, at point in Arkansas, twenty
two miles west of Little Rock. on the
Rock Island railroad. 1t is shipped by
rail to East Saint Louis where it goes
through refining process by which
all extraneous substances are removed,
leaving only the pure clay-oxide of
aluminium
Then this purified clay is shipped by
rail to Niagara Falls where the COM
pany has three plants corresponding
to smelters in the case of other met
ais. Even these three big plants are
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-08-31

One Of the big things which econ
omics will drive to Keokuk and the
great water power here, about which
Iowa people understand little, is the
aluminium industry.
Today the metal aluminium is made
1t Niagara Falls, SO far as America is
concerned; the metal is manufactured
into thousand and one things chief
ly at Pittsburg, not far from the Falls.
The metal aluminium depends upon
electricity for its making; and most
of the handling of the metal in fac
tories requires electricity-the cleo
trio furnace with Its highest tempera-
ture in both cases.
Aluminium is mare from clay All
clays are salts OF aluminium Some Of
them, like some silver ores, can be
smelted into the metal only at pro-
hibitive cost The clay which is the
cheapest. and consequently the best.
for the manufacture of the metal
aluminium is called bauxite.
The industry is growing rapidly
Now, it supports several thousand EN-.
ployees. The indications are that in
few years it will be second to only
the steel industry in size Already, it
Is the largest user of electric current
in America. 1t is centralized, the
method of making the metal
being covered by patents own
ed by the Aluminium COM
pany of America, and the mono
ly protected by these patents Is the
usual reward given inventors-in this
instance to a young man whose wor
failures and success make a CONNER
cial romance, and who has been
crowned the highest honors in the
chemistry profession, the Perkins med
al.
Why keokuk Is Attractive.
The statement that the Aluminium
company of America will have plant
at Keokuk is not based upon any YER
bal information-it has the sounder
basis of economic necessity
Bauxite. the blue clav from which
the metal is made, is mined, or quar-.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-08-31
The compuIslon OF Economy.

Now, the novice knows that 1t is not
economical to ship immense quantities
OF ore thousand miles eastward,
make metal, and ship the manufac-
tured metal product thousand miles
westward again. Hitherto, this has
been necessity. because only at Nj
agara Falls is there enough electricity
to supply the smelter furnaces with
current.
In a couple of years this will be
changed, Here at Keokuk will be
enough electric current even for the
Aluminium company of America. The
bauxite, purified at East Saint Louis,
need be shipped only 10 miles to the
shelters here and In barges at that.
Inc product in most of its manufac-
tured forms can be made here in the
very center of the consuming Mis-
sissippi valley. All the consumption
from the Allegheny mountains to the
Pacific ocean can be supplied from
Keokuk with freight distance radius
Immensely shorter than from Pitts
burg. Then there Is the cheapening
effect of the river upon freight rates
as an added advantage for Keokuk.
If the commercial economist of the
aluminium industry had taken a map
and marked the ideal place for its
factories, probably he would have
stopped his pencil at Keokuk and
wished there were electricity in large
quantity there. The aluminium indus
try, will be forced to Keokuk by the
compulsion OF economics, Just as the
steel industry was located in coal
bearing Pennsylvania.
Has an Unlimited Demand.
Every housewife who takes an In.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-08-31

sion electric wires for long distance
transmission, sulphur retorts, yarnish
vats-both sulphur and varnish are
discolored by copper--kodaks, con-
densers for stills. forms for modelling
hosiery, trays of all kinds, railroad
cars for the subway in New York,
boats and yachts, portable houses used
chiefly by Alaskan prospectors, air.
ticles, cream separator parts, stereo
scopes, spectacle frames, paper mills,
castings of all kinds as an alloy, as
welding medium. in the manufacture
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-08-31

middle of the country, In latitude, and
of course in the middle of the Mis-
sissippi valley. here cn the river.
1t is true that Peary QUILTED his
trip to the north pole with cooking
utensils made in the buildings pictur-
ed in this article; that Shackelton car
ried the same kind of cooking utensils
to near the south pole; that Roosevelt
used them on his trip into central
Africa-but the most important fact is,
that the millions of housewives who
are using these alumisum cooking
utensils as fast as they learn their adj
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-08-31

terest in her job has some aluminium
cooking utensils in her kitchen today.
Housekeepers. domestic scientists and
government experts agree that the
kitchen utensils of the future, from
the coffeepot to the frying pan and the
rooster, will all be made out Of alum
inum-it is economical, indestructible,
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-08-31

not sufficient in size, and smaller
plants are at Messina, N. Y, and
Schawinigan Falls, Canada.
At Niagara Falls, a thousand miles
from the mine, the aluminium metal is
made from the bauxite by chemical
process in electric furnaces. The met
al is made into many products which
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-08-31

dies. bis curing pans for rubber max
ers, steam kettles for Gamers and
manufacturing pharmacists, hospitals
and hotels, pans for cooling parafin by
the Standard Oil company, covers for
electric meters, utensils for making
stearin, grape juice and soaps, tubes
in various mechanical works, high ten
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-08-31

of steel and iron for its chemical quail
ity as gas preventer, wall paper,
substitute for photographic stone, metal
ceilings. fire proof paint. and thous-
and and one other things too numer-
GUS to mention.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-08-31

union which uses no fertilizer, prac-
tically- although farmers are seeing
the dawn of the day when fertilizer
viii be necessary even in Iowa-Keo-
knk is the center of the fertilizer
using section of the United States.
keokuk Has All Factors.
The best fertilizer In the world to-
day is made by electricity, and econ.
omic laws which are more powerful
than congressional legislation viii
compel this best fertilizer to be made
here at Keoluk in a few years with
the electricity furnished by the great
est single electrical installation in
the world.
The raw waterfall is here in plenty
II is air, the atmosphere.
The Scandinayians are making the
best fertilizer today out of the air
with an electric current.
The product is so strong that it
must be diluted before it may be put
on the fields 1t is mixed with many
times It's weight of some inert sub.
stance, like dry dirt or sand before
being marketed.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-08-31
This Center Of Distribution.

All the things mentioned above. ex-
cept paraffiin, steel and sulphur pro-
cesses, are consumed throughout the
United States and can. and probably
will be, manufactured economically
here at Keokuk with the cheap power
from the big dam here.
The aluminium industry with its fac
tories located here at Keokuk would
be in the very center of its distribu-
ton of products -Keokuk is in the
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-08-31

are sold all over America Much of it |
is shipped back westward to the Pa
cific coast.
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1911-02-03
Protest Against Postal Rate Rulings

s,ed nv educational, scientific, phIlan-
thropic and fraternal societies the
same mail rate privileges enjoyed by
other magazines. The bill has not
nassed the senate, nor, in fact, can
Senator Penrose, chairman OF the COM
mittee on postoffices and posroads.
he induced to call meeting 10 con-
slider it.
The postmaster general maintains
that he is simply complying with ex-
listing law. 1t is pointed out by the
postoffice department that the post
master general would have no end OF
trouble on his hands if he made excep-
tons in administering the law speci-
fying the sort of matter that may oe
carried at the cent-a-pound rate
1t is pointed out that if the socie
ties in question should be favored
the great mail order houses, which or
ganize so-called societies with mem
bership fee of Is cents year, ant
tbehn send to the members of thes'
societies alleged magazines which con
sist chiefly of advertisements, woul'
Insist on being placed on the SAM
basis as the organizations that ar
protesting.
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1911-02-03
To Arranue Flowers.

Here are five golden rules which
should be observed by those who ofteh
arrange flowers. Use plenty of foliage
Put your flowers IN very lightly. Use
artistic glasses. Do not put more 'hail
two or, at the most, three dIheren'
kinds OF flowers in one decoration
Arrange your colors TO form bold
contrast or, better still. a soft har'
mony. The aim of the decorator should
he to show off the fowers-not the
vases that contain them; therefore the
simpler ones are far preferable tc
even the most elaborate. Glasses FOL
a dinner table should be either "hite
a delicate shade Of green, or rose Col
or, according to the flowers arranged
IN them.
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1911-02-03

convince men that woman can VIC
AT least, this is the argument Oh LOU,
tie Marshall. captain OF the oootpiacN
team in tie new terminal Louie
likes to black boots. She can I loi
the life of her see anything uhuisnl'
fed or unbecoming in the pursuit
She can see that there is as much art
to It as many a more asthehc 'oca,
ton, therefore she is one OF the lhos'
painstaking, polite and pretty HUE
bootblacks that ever loked palehI
leather pump in the eyelets. I DOW
mind bootblacking bit, she salo'
don't think there is anything nicer
can't help feeling sorry for girls "ne
work in restaurants and department
stores, because my work seems 81
simple compared with theirs. au''S'
girls to give up manicuring LOT
change and try bootblacking
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1911-02-03

WY Observation-Disclosures SO
wv cial season is in full swing ana
the big balls, the official receptions
and state dinners at the White House
now follow one another in beWliderlhs
rapidly.
\ tradition, well-nigh as old as the
republic itself, prescribes the -FOUR
official receptions at the White House
of which the first Is given Tor the
diplomatic corps, the second FOR the
Supreme court, the third for the mem
bers of congress and the last Tor the
officers of the army and navy. Dur
ing President Taft's incumbency OF
the White House these receptions
have acquired a significance which
they have lacked for many years. by
| limiting the number Of invitations ana
endeavoring to avoid asking the same
| persons twice, the receptions nave
been made more enjoyable and also
far more brilliant.
State dinners at the White HOUSE
follow the same order as the recep
tons, the first being given for the dip
lomatic corps President and Mrs
Taft will this season add one dinner
and the, reception to congress VIII D
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1911-02-03

~ HE insecticide act Of 1910 IS now
] in effect and joint regulations for
its enforcement have been issued by
the secretaries of the treasury, OF ag-
riculture and of commerce and labor.
The act forbids the manufacture or
sale in federal territory of aduIterated
or misbranded Insecticides and fungi
cides, especially mentioning Paris
green and lead arsenate. 1t also for
bids interstate shipment Of such ar
ticles and this is It's most important
feature.
Under the regulations samples OF in
secticides and fungicides are TO be
collected by purchase by agents OF
the United States department or agri
culture and analysed or examined by
such chemist or examiner as the sec
retarv of agriculture may designate
IF q sample then appears to be adul
terated or misbranded private hear
ing before the secretary or his repre-
sentative will be given to the part!
from whom the sample was OBTAINED
and to others interested who may al
near personally or by attorney an
NAV submit oral or written evidence
If II still appears that the act ma
been violated the proper United state