davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-01-25
Arabic Numerals.

An Illustration OF what mankind
owes to the labor saving Arabic nu-
merals compared with preceding forms
Of notation IS shown in adding 1SlS to
1913. the sum Of which Is expressed In
only four figures, or $685. Meantime
In Roman characters We would have
to denote 1913 with the capital letters
MDCCCXLvIII. Repeating these let
tiers explains why Cicero complained
Of the sweating toll Of all addition.
On that account Homef's total Of Aga
memn0n's fleet Is not the correct
sum Of the different contingents to 1t
which he gives Of the Grecian states.
HerotlOtus is worse yet when he gives
the total figures Of Xerxes' army after
enumerating the quota Of the various
nationalities which composed it. Like
wise what life insurance company
would now do without Arabic nu-
merals may be imagined.-Dr. Will
liam Hanna Thomson in Designer
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-01-25

% serious . probes. Generally
speaking. . mother eanaos protect her
childrsn in even The ceudsse senss and
q the same time earn Tie money 1oe
thsir support. II shs i allosed 10
remain in her dreadful dilemma. The
children Of such . family are therefore
practically wasted. Lost 70 the stasa. A
measure that would cover this and
other difRculties and for which much
might nationally b urged i state
endowment Of motherhood. But IN
innovation 20 radical - this would
naturally have to defer in point Of
time to others Of reader acceptance.
But there Is general agreement that IN
admirable point Of departure for al
further reforms in this general direc.
ton would be the passage Of the bill,
now for some time pending in congress.
recommending . federal children's
bureau. This measure vas originally
the conception Of Min Lillian D.Wald,
Of the Henry street settlement Of New
York city, but has since been urged BY
practically all persons equipped to
discuss the subject With authority. 1t
Is conceded that such IN institution
would be . very great aid to oil work
ers for the good of the child and that
it would also operate % . moral force
. deterrent ofipjustice. It Is proposed
that the bureau be under the depart
ment of the interior and that it inves-
tigate and report upon al matters
pertaining to the welfare Of children,
particularly upon the following points:
infant mortality, the birth rate, physi-
cal degeneracy, orphanage, juvenile
delinquency and juvenile courts. de-
sertion and illegitimacy, dangerous
occupations. accidents and diseases of
children Of the working classes. en-
ployment, legislation affecting children
and 80 forth.-Olivia Howard Dunbar
in North American Review.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-01-25
PENSION LEGISLATION.

FGNS4ON AS&J1SkAh 1ONs
It i fitting that the year bringing
the fitch anniversary Of the Sumter
call to arms for the preservation Of
the Union should find congress ready
to render justice to the surviving vet
Grams. The nation would have been
sundered and plunged into other forms
of division and sectional war If the
appeal to the whole loyal population
of the country had not been met in .
spirit of indomitable patriotism and
self sacrifice. It required 100000
armed men to put down the rebellion
and save the country As an indestruct.
ible union Of indestructible states.
The destiny of the United States de.
pended on the conflict. There was no
place tn turn for soldiers except to cit
liens engaged in their vacations in the
fields, the shops and elsewhere. Of
the more than 2,OOO,OOO volunteers
who fought in defense of the Union
four-fifths have passed away. The
survivors average over 20 years of age,
and the mortality among them is
reported to be 100 a day. 1t is time
to give them full thought unless eulogy
when taps are sounded is to be consid.
cred sufficient appreciation.
By a vote of 2l2 to 81 the house has
passed the bill to grant pensions rang
ing from So. to $50 q month to sol.
diers who served ninety days in the
United States Army in the civil war,
or sixty days in the Mexican war. The
rate is to be SIS a month at 60 years
of age, $40 at 65 years, s25 at 20
years, and $50 at IS years. 1t is stat.
ed that this provision will add several
millions q year to pension appropria,
tons, but the increase is only appar-
ent when the mortality among veter-
ans is $1,000 q year. The argument
that pensions must be slighted because
there are 50 many veterans is un.
worthy. 1t was a tremendous war
with dangers and difficulties to cor
respond, and q terrible casualty record.
Congress has always taken . broad
view of volunteer pensions from the
time it dealt with the veterans of the
revolution, including al from the pri-
Yates to the officers who, in 1923, were
voted the pay of captain during the
remainder of life. The concurrence
of the senate in the bill just passed by
the house by great majority is not in
doubt.-St. Louis Globe. Democrat.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-01-25

Certainly you are in good luck a. a
golfer II YOU SO to America at all. for
they are slOriOusiy hOspitable In that
land. and. $50 far as ! could See. the
idea that some have here-that the
Americans notion Of the object Of
playing game Is purely to win II.
not to enjoy the playins-is perfectly
mistaken. ! never had the. impression
more strongly anywhere Of being I'm
the company Of men who were play-
ing the game for pleasure. not for the
mere sake Of winning the match. But
then 1t Is certainly true. as heard one
Of their judges II mean q legal Judge.
though he was judge Of golf. too,
say in an after dinner speech that 1t
Is 1.-THE cleanest sport In America
Horace Hutchinson in London Tele-
graph
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-01-25
DIET AND AGE.

Proper Eating Would Insure Better
Health and Longer Life.
Medical experts. insurance men. edu-
Gators and teachers Of the science Of
health and happiness generally are In
favor Of simpler living and return to
nature. The mortality Of adult age
Of the period between forty and sixty
Is Increasing. but It IS not due to the
stress Of modern life. to worry and
overwork. rs some have supposed 1t
Is due, we are assured. to overeating
and bad diets. There Il every reason
why we should live longer and be
healthier. for comforts are increasing
and inventions are lessening toll and
anxiety. But our very prosperity has
led to richer and ampler diets, and
there Is where the mischief lies-there.
and in our indoor life. We shun ma
ture: We shut out light and air; We
walk little and seldom eat or rest In
the open air. in gardens. fields or on
porches.
This IS all wrong. and the wages Of
this wrong are III health. depression.
gloom, the shortening Of the natural
span Of life. Habits Of outdoor life
should be formed eariy-at school. As
much teaching as possible should be
done In the open air-and as much
likewise. After graduation
boys and girls should continue to cul-
tivate the outdoor life and families
should continue the practice.-Chicago
rd-Hefald.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-01-25

Paying ons's Bill 1hsrs Becomes Q
Duel In Pelitsnsss.
When travelling for the first time in
Portugal one is apt to become exas-
perated when he desires to settle up
with his landlord at the hotel. When
the traveller asks how much his bin q
the landlord bows graciously. smiles
suavely, rubs his hands together and
replies that the bill IL as much as the
guest wishes to contribute.
This Is simply the opening Of q duet
Of politeness, for the hardened traveller
ut once thanks the landlord for his con-
6dence In him and again very courte-
ously asks for q detailed statement Of
bis account Still the bill Is not forth
coming. for the landlord declares that
be does not wish to insult his guest In
any such manner. Finally the land
lord does reckon up the charges on his
fingers. When he has finished he asks
the traveller how much the sum total
d. II the traveller hasn't kept track Of
It the landlord very laboriously goes
over the account again. II the guest
has footed up the bill the landlord Is
sure that It cannot be 20 much and In
sists on q re-reckoning. The result IS
the same, and the landlord invariably
needs to bring two or three more I'm
gers into use for items that had been
omitted.
Needless to state. the traveller not
hardened to this process breathes .
deep sigh Of relief when he escapes"
Boys World.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-01-25
How Machinery erssthss.

An English writer ON engineering
subjects, Mervyn O'Gorman, calls at
tentiOn to the fact that a piece Of ma
chinery, such as an automobile. laid
aside after being used Is in danger of
internal rusting through q kind Of res
piratiOn which affects cylinders. gear
boxes, clutch chambers, interspaces in
ball bearings, and 50 forth. Every in
closed air space "breathes" by draw
ing in air when a fall Of temperature
contracts its walls and expelling 1t
when the walls expand through heat.
The moisture introduced with the air
Is deposited In the cavities and may
produce serious damage through rust.
The popular belief that oil will pro-
tect the inaccessible parts Of unused
Is fallacious, since nearly
all oils take up about 8 per cent Of
water In solution.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-01-25
BOOZE AND HOMICIDE.

Liquor caused 258 out of $50 homi-
cides in Alabama in the two years
ending September 30, last, according
to the biennial report Of Alexander
N. CARRIER, attorney general. In the
previous two years liquor caused S4S
Out of 656 killings. Alabama, As you
may recall. has had statewide prohibi-
ton during most of the time covered
by the last report, which would indi-
cate that something has been accom-
Elished, even if it wasn't prohibition.
There have been fewer killings, and
q smaller per cent of those that occur
red are charged to the cup that cheers.
But what . record it 10 still!
The southland has much to be proud
Of, but 50 much to be ashamed Of that
it shouldn't become boastfal. And
nothing worse than such records rs
this. Whisky is blamed, of course,
but really it is only incidental, and one
must look further for the cause of
promiscuous killing in defending or
svengipg the honor Of the south. In
London and probably throughout the
United Kingdom. drinking is far more
common than in Alabama, even before
the statewide prohibition lid Was
adjusted. But in London homicide ia
rare. The rule holds good
in Germany, also. Even Italy, With . |
wide reputation for wine and wicked |
ness which runs to knives and guns
can hardly compare with some of our |
southern states. There Is . race prob |
lem down there, to be sure. which may |
have IN effect, but probably the
strongest influence is that southern
tradition that . gentleman should fight |
With . gun instead of his fists. Pro-
hibition Of gunpowder instead Of booze
b what Alabama needs.-Atchison
Globe.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-01-25
THE oLD-TnGR REVEALS.

THE OLD-TnE REVEALS.
Even such IN orthodox publicatioa
- the salina Journal. owned By ssna-
tor BriseoW, announces it, convicsjoo,
after prayesfdl eoasidesaEioe, that Tie
old.fashioned revival amounts 70 moth
ing more then religious emotioo," and
therefore il misdirected aeal that might
Be conserved for some other feature Of
church work. It has no place, the
Journal believes, in modern church
life.
But a. q matter Of fact the Journal
is not abiding tn the "old.fashioned
revival" At al. 1t speaks Of the work
of the "hired evangelist" in connection
with the 'old- fashioned" effort Il has in
mind, and the Journal ought to know
that there is no such thing as harmon.
izing the old fashioned revival and the
"hired evangelist" Had Senator
Bristow been at home no such error
regarding church history would.have
crept into his paper. For Bristow Is
the son of . pioneer Methodist preach
er and be would have recalled at once
the suspicion under which the early
Evangelist" rested in the mind Of the
regular preachers.
And besides, there WAS no such thing
in the old.fashioned church q ''evan.
gelistic" meetings. Neither were they
called "revivals" except in the techni.
cal terms of the church. They were
known rs "protracted meeting" 90 far
- the early Methodist were concern
ed, and when the "protracted meet
ings" were we'll under way there Was
no other form Of entertainment that
could compete with them in the small
towns. In the country places the PEG.
pie drove for miles in the coolest
weather to attend the meetings and
they stayed for the "altar service" and
the experience meeting" and drove
home again only to 90 again the next
night and the next, and never miss .
single meeting until the "protracted
effort" closed.
It is not to be denied. Of course,
that there Was plenty Of "emotion" in
those early revivals, but - to the
"hired evangelist" ofwhich the Jour-
nal speaks, there was none. The only
help the local pastors received was
from neighboring preachers who Eek
changed labor" and help for another.
Occasionally the presiding elder would
come in for . night or two to rest"
the pastor in charge.
Usually the meetings would continue
for four weeks, but when there Was
evidence Of . general work Of grace"
and many showed signs Of "convic-
tiou," they would 90 on to Eve or six
weeks. As . rule the meetings would
hot begin until the first Of January, so
that they would not be interrupted BY
the Christmas festivities, and If it were
found necessary to continue them on
indefinitely there would be nothing to
interfere. That was the old.time
'protrscted meeiing."-Kansas City
Star.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-01-25
Not Perfect.

A horse dealer was showing a horse
to a prospective buyer. After running
him back and forward for few min
utes he stopped and said to the buyer:
what do You think Of his coat? Isn't
he a dandy"
The buyer. noticing that the horse
had the heaves. replied. "Yes, I like
his coat all right. but don't like his
pants" London Tit Bits.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-01-25
Aets Of the Apostles.

The weight Of testimony Is In favor
Of st. Luke as the author Of the Acts
Of the Apostles, though some respect
able critics claim that the authorship
IS quite unknown. There are no sure
data for determining the date Of the
Acts. Various dates have been as
cribed. Some think that It was writ
ten about the year 50. while others
hold that 1t could not have been writ
ten before the second century. about
A. ID. 125-New York American.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-01-25
The voica If the Poonlo.

Lady John Russell visited Paris As q
girl in 1880 and witnessed the some
what artificial enthusiasm for Louis
Philippe. who had just been placed on
the throne by the revolution. 1T IS
said" we are told. that any small
boy In those days could exhibit the
king to curious sightseers by raising
q cheer outside the Tuileries windows.
when his majesty. to whom any mani
festatiOn Of enthusiasm was extreme
" precious. would appear automati-
cally upon the balcony and bow"
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-01-25
To Identify q Child.

Ny small son did not return at the
regular time one day while out with a
maid. The thought terrified me that
in case Of IN accident there would be
no way Of identifying him should he be
lost. The next morning cut pieces Of
wide tape, on which I wrote very
clearly his name, address and our TEL
ephone number in indelible ink.
sewed one Of these pieces to each OF
his underwaists, in front where II
could be plainly seen.-K. e. A. in Har-
per's Bazaar.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-01-25
THE MEN NOT BIG ENOUGH.

THE MEN NOT BIG ENOUGH.
The long absence of New York
democrats from the national legisla-
ture has produced crop ofcandidates
for Senator Depew's seat whose views
are either so entirely unknown, or SO
subject to change, that they had to
bring themselves down to date in let
tiers to friends, which mysteriously
find their way into print.
The situation is regrettable, since q
great state like New York ought to
have within its borders several men,
the mere mention of whose names
would suggest at once their fitness for
the senate.
Edward NJ. Shepard has to explain
what he stood for and did 90 in an
Emersonian paragraph whose subject
and predicate drifted 60 far apart that
they will always be strangers. Now
William F. Sheehan has tried it, and,
while he is clearer, he has succeeded
only in raising q doubt whether . man
with Mr.. Sheehan's past can possibly
believe the things he now writes.
II is . sad situation, but We have no
idea that it will produce such q panic
in the democratic party as to cause .
return to Depew. The democrats
have no great task before them in ex-
ceiling the Depew brand of senator.
They might even do it by the tit tat.
the, here-l.go" method.-Minneapolis
Journal.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-01-25
WHY SMOTHER.

Why is it that people are 30 afraid
of fresh air in the winter? DR.. w. S.
Wheeler, city health commissioner,
attributes the prevalence Of pneumo'
MIA, in large measure, to bad ventila.
ton. Certainly it is within the expe.
rience of everyone that hot, stufiy
rooms are responsible for headaches,
dullness and other minor ills. To
persons who have acquired the fresh
air habit the closeness of the rooms of
the average house of this time of year
is intolerable.
Modern civilization seems to have
lent itself to a conspiracy to smother
the race in the winter time. In the
days of open fires there was fair venti.
lation up the chimney. Then came
the hot air furnace, which helped to
overhead the house, but which at least
constantly pumped fresh air into the
rooms, since the intake fiue opened out
of doors. But it was expensive to
take air at zero and heat it up to 20,
SO the indoor intake was devised-an
economical system to be sure, but one
ingeniously designed to make the
occupants of the house breathe the
same air over and over. The same
difficulty arose with the hot water or
steam radiator, and for that matter,
with the base burner.
Moreover the trouble isn't confined
to the home. If you ride on a street
car or 60 to the theatre you have a
fine chance to get q wonderful assert.
ment of second hand air into your
lungs, unless more than usual atten.
ton is paid to ventilation. All the.
of modern civilization
seem to have entered into . conspiracy |
to diminish the supply of available |
oxygen.
The result has been . tendency to |
depress the resisting power of the |
human system, and to give the waiting
bacteria a chance to get busy with |
colds, bronchitis, pneumonia and what |
not.
Happily. under the persistent ham.
mering of the doctors, people are
to understand that fresh air
really won't hurt them; thst in fact it
may d. them good. Almost every
person who has had experience in
recent years with illness in the family
the attention of . competent
nurse, has been astonished at the reck-
less way the windows IN the sick room
were kept open even in the severest
weather. The patient wasn't allowed
to feel chilly. Perhapshe had to wear
} hood, and it may have been neces.
'ary to keep FIRE going in the room
to prevent the temperature from fall.
ing too low. But in any event he was
supplied with plenty of outdoor air.
DR.. Woods Hutchinson has gone to
he extreme of insisting that people do !
not take colds from sitting in drafts,
70 strongly has he been emphasizing
The need Of air, and physicians have
been quoted as saying they would ]
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-01-25
sTROTHER L COMPANY. Proprietor.

kkMEWAI8-The date opposite yoor name On
your papss, or wrapper shows to what time yoor
subsoetption 70 paid. Thus Jan06 shows that
paymsot has hoso received mp 70 Jan. I. 1905.
Fsbo6 70 Feb. I, l0os and % On. When payment
II msda, The dats. which answers - . receipt.
viil b Changed aooordinGiy.
Observation-Disclosures obscsib-
ere viii continue 70 receive this journal until ths
pablishses 80 noti6sd By letter to discontinus.
vhsa I'll aKreaEagss must b paid. II yoa do not
OiaA The JoornAl confined for smother year A.
tor The time paid for has expired. yoa shoald
prsvioasly soeify - 70 disooatinnsit-
CHANGE N ADDRE3BIWhso ordering .
,han0s In ths addrsss. sabscfibsrs shoold b sors
10 siss thair old - vell . thar nov address.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-01-25
1aI<ino No Chances.

The big steamer had left the pier.
The young man on the tar barrel still
waved his handkerchief desperately.
'Oh, what're you waiting for? Come
on" said his companions disgustedly.
II daren't." with one fearful glance
backward.
whats the matter"
"She has q feldglass," said the young
man.-Everybody's.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-01-25

A man took his small son to the
park. They fed bread to the swans
End then stood for long time In front
ct a cage Of serpents. The boy looked
at them with fascinated eyes. At last
he exclaimed. II like these tails an
right. but where are the animalsr'.
Lipptncott's!
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-01-25

You can get an armful Of daisies
for a dime" pointed out the optimist
and just look Mt their bright. merry
little faces!'
What do I want with an armful Of
daisies:" growled the pessimist I'D
rather have cheese sandwich!"-New
York Journal.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-01-25
A CRUSADE FOR THE CHILD.

Those who feel most deeply the
importance Of child saving insist that
the matter should Be taken in ample
time. It Is urged for instance, - .
matter of immediate necessity, that
state relief be provided for impover.
ished widowed mothers with families
of young children. Miss Adams, in
the North American Review, sufi.
GENTLY indicated the horrors Of the
present situation and pointed out the
inadequacy Of day nurseries in solving
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-01-25
4 Hard Stunt.

"A. man can do almost anything
when he discovers that he must"
"Have you ever felt that yOn must
get upstairs Mt 9 a. m. without waking
your Chicago Record Herald.