The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1911-08-31

That three-Quartcrs of the typhoid deaths are
due to water Mr.. Hazen himself declares. That
three-quarters is referred to in the first para
graph of this article as the fifteen thousand
needlessly slaughtered each year by polluted
water" Because, to quote Mr.. Hazen. three
quarters of the typhoid deaths could be pre-
vented. and thereby could be stopped this need
less loss of vital capital that is going on year
after year"
The way to save that three-Quarters. then, is
by being careful. which in this means by
providing pure water. AS Mr. Hazen puts it,,
by ftering all the water supplies of the i'm
portant cities of the country, and by institute
ing other necessary sanitary reforms"
AS proof Of this let us see what has happened
to the death rate in those localities that havo
purified their water supplies. The typhoid rate
of Rensselaer, for ten years averaged Gig per
100000 population. In 1908 after the water was
filtered. 1t fell to 30. Hudson changed from
Hudson river water to a purer supply and the
rate fell from 592-the tenyear average-to
Ill Poushkeepste's rate used to average 112.
In 1907 the filtration plant was improved and
the rate fell to 34.5 In Albany the ten-year
average before filtration SIS Since filtra-
ton the tenyear average has been 222.
In Pennsylvania. Pittsburg had a typhoid
rate, according to Health Director f r. Wal.
ters, that from 1901 to 1907 averaged 127 In
1907 the city spent s6.50OO0O for filter sys-
tenn During the three years since the typhoid
rate has been 319--a decrease of more than
70 per cent
Chicago affords an even more striking exam
pie of the benefit of purifying the water supply
In 1891 Chicago's typhoid rate was 1898 per
100000 the highest average typhoid rate in the
civilized world Chicago purified it's water by
building its wonderful drainage canal to keep
its sewage out of Lake Michigan. In 1908 Chi
Cages typhoid rate was 15.6-a reduction of 81
per cent.
Excellent as these achievements are there is
possibility OF an even greater reduction in the
typhoid rate.
The methods of water publication are various
Undoubtedly filtration comes first; but fltra-
ton is not infallibe.
Another method Of purifcatlon is the use OF
huge storage reservoirs. Water is poor me-
dunn for disease germs and in it they die
quickly. To quote Mr. Whipple again: The
typhoid bacillus does not multiply in ordinary
drinking water. On the contrary the cells die
Ultimately all the cells die The rate
varies greatly. In some experiments all died in
) to . days. In others germs lived a month.
In very cold water mortality Is more rapid"
Hence if water be impounded in large
reservoirs and held for time, It tends to purify
iteslf
Sewage disposal is fully important as We
ter purifcation-that is, for any purpose except
the saving of human life If property is at
stake it is Indispensable
The problem of clean water Is evidently not
difficult one to solve No nation has finer
supply of water than we have
At the least you can guard the water that
comes into your house. See that you get fresh
water from the mains, and not water that has
stood for hours in the lead or brass pipes with.
in the house. House filters are plentiful, but
few Of them efficient They are merely
straners. Don't put ice in your water 1t NAV
contaminate It. Your great safeguard is is boil
ing your water Particularly is this necessary
in the late winter. when typhoid epidemics so
often break out