davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1911-02-24

The S;foot lock canal which is being con-
structed consists of a sea-level entrance chan
mel miles long, 500 feet wide and Al feet
deep on the Atlantic side to the foot of Gatun
pronounced "Gatoon'O locks. On the PACING
side there Is a corresponding sea-level chan
mel to Mirafores locks about miles long,
500 feet wide and As feet deep
At Gatun the 85-foot lake level is obtained
by a great dam about mile and half long,
and nearly half a mile thick at the bottom or
base. The dam rests on impermeable material
of sufficient supporting power, and Nils the
openings between the hills at Gatun, through
which the Chagres pronounced "Shaggers
river flows to the sea. This river crosses rne
channel of the canal no less than fifteen times
in it's serpentine course and is one OF the
most turbulent streams known during high
water though it looks peaceful enough during
the dry season. It was one Of the great Cd
structions to the possibility Of digging a sea
level canal, but this enemy has been converted
into a friend, and will be made to supply the
greater portion of the water for filling the
great artificial lake
The great Gatun dam-upon the successful
completion of which depends the success OF
the canal-consists of water-tight center or
core composed of clay and sand mixed in
proper proportions These materials were
adopted after consultation with the best ex-
perts in the world who came to the conclusion
that clay and sand were the most imperv1ous
materials that could be used. This material,
after being properly mixed, is deposited n.y.
draulicaly-that is, by being pumped in by
dredges. This center core is confined by
rock wall on each side, the rock so used
being taken from Culebra cut. At the bot
tom this impermeable core of clay and sand
has a width of about $50 feet, and gradually
tapers upward until a minimum thickness of
400 feet will be had at the water level of the
lake. The dam will rise to a height of 115
feet, or distance of 80 feet above the level
of the lake. The artificial lake-which will
be known as Lake Gatun-will cover area
of 164 square miles, over 100, 900 acres. The
entire navy of the United States can find safe
anchorage therein.
The greatest obstacle that has stood in the
way Of the engineers for the past 500 years
in constructing a canal across Panama has
been the mountain range known as the Cor
dilleras-the backbone of the continent. 1t
was here that the French people wasted and
squandered such a great amount OF money
that the picture shown above is called Gold
hill"-it being asserted that they spent enough
in their endeavor to cut through the noun
tain at this point that the money used would
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1911-02-24
TEST OF EMERGENCY RATION
Days and Makes Favorable Re-
port to Department.

During the recent three-day phys
ical tests of army officers, Maj Gen.
Frederick d. Grant, commanding the
department of the east, tried out the
new emergency ration. General
Grant carried three packages, one for
each day, and returned with two Of
the packages unopened. having used
but one on the entire ride. The gen
eral says he suffered no inconvenience
whatever and found the ration suffi-
cient in all respects. Outside of the
ration, General Grant took hot coffee
in the morning without sugar or milk,
cold tea in the same way at noon,
and hot water in the evening. One
third of the ration was palatable and
sufficient during the 70 hours, and he
experienced no i'll effects or craving
for foods.
The new emergency ration is COM
posed of chocolate liquor, nucleo
castin, matted milk, dessicated egg,
sugar and cocoa butter. It is put up
IN eight-ounce, light blue tin boxes.
Each box contains three cakes, one
cake being sufficient for a meal.
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1911-02-24
Would Draft Autos.

A plan to make all private automo.
biles available for military service in
time of necessity was suggested by
Major General Frederick Dent Grant
in his annual report
ut seems to me-" he says, that 1t
would be wise If the national govern
ment passed laws that would cause
the registration Of all automobiles
capable of transporting four or more
passengers, and that the owners of
these machines be obliged legally to
transfer them, on demand, to the gov
eminent for military uses. for a sum
of money not greater than the original
cost of the machine.
IF this were done the government
would have at hand and without cost
TO maintain. a means of transporta-
ton for the rapid movement of
troops"
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1911-02-24

sist of two leaves and are massive steel struc'
lures feet thick, 65 feet long and from Al
to 81 feet high. Eighty-four leaves VIII De
required for the entire canal, and their total
weight will be Sc 100000 pounds, and will cost
nearly $6000000.
When the canal is comprehension Colonel
George w. Cocktails, who is in charge or the
great work, says will be some time during the
wear 1913-here is the manner in which yes
sci from the Atlantic side will get to the Pacific:
It will enter the sea-level channel at Colon and
on q distance of seven miles to the foot of Ga
+un locks: there it will be lifted by means or
these locks height of IS feet above the sea
level to the surface Of Gatun lake; the gates
of the lock will be opened and 1t Will steam
out on this lake and go a distance or 70 miles
to the beginning Of the great Culebra cut ana
carefully proceeding through this cut dls'
lance of nine miles, it will check up at Pedro
Miguel locks, where it will enter the LOCK anu
he lowered a distance of % 1-3 feet to the level
of Mirafores lake, and then it will steam a
distance Of three miles across this lake 10
Mirafores locks where it will be lowered by
two fights a distance Of Sc 2-3 feet to sea
level: and then it will enter the Pacific chan
mel of the canal and go a distance or elSht
miles out to deep water of the ocean. IL VIII
require from ten to twelve hours for Vessei
to make the passage from one ocean to the
other-thus saving many thousands OF miles
of travel and many days of time in journey
to any of the ports the Pacific side OF
the Americas and also to the Orient.
Colonel Goethals states most positively
that the cost Of the canal will not be over
s375. 900 900; and in this amount is included
the purchase of the French companys be
longings-S4O,0 900, O0O-and the $10,0O0,0OO paid
for the Canal Zone and also the cost of the
sanitary department, which of course has been
considerable amount.
In order to get some idea OF what the
cost of the canal means-S375, 900 ,OOO-and put
If so the mind can in some measure grasp the
figures, we make the following statement:
There are in the world nine principal canals
to wit: The Suez, the Kiel, the Manchester
the United States Ste. Marie, the Canadian
Ste. Marie the Amsterdam, Corinth Cron
stadt and the Erie-Ontario canal The total
cost Of all nine of these canals was S264,OOO,
OOO. which is less by 111,0C0,OO0 than the
Panama canal alone will cost at the lowest
estimate But even if this amount is doubled
the United States will complete it. The pride
and reputation of the nation are at stake, and
she cannot afford to make failure as all the
other countries have done that have gone be
fore.
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1911-02-24
AGLZVG 0fT NC4N472ONS HPON CLNEBJ2A CIT

and expectations of the great engineer, and
carrying sorrow and want to the homes or
thousands upon thousands of French people
who had contributed their little all toward
forwarding the great enterprise. The nation
was brought to the very verge OF revolution
judicial proceedings were instituted, and trials
were had, extending over period of five
years There was disclosed to the Mortified
world such an orgy of corruption history
had never before recorded. A hundred French
senator's and deputies were accused OF having
taken brides, and the police department was
under the same charge
Count de Lesseps never recovered from the
shock-and went down to his grave in 1884
only 16 years ago-a broken-hearted old man
but his fame will remain immortal despite
the sad ending of his career.
In 1903 the United States purchased the
interests and belongings of the French com
pany on the Isthnus of Panama, paying there
for the sum of $40, 900, 000-the assets consist
ing of valuable surveys, implements Of all
kinds many thousand houses, railroads, land;
and also paid the Republic of Panama $10,-
100000 for the Canal Zone-a strip of land in
said Republic of Panama ten miles wide and
practically SO miles long-extending from Co
lon on the Atlantic side to Panama City On
the Pacific. Through the center of this ten
mile strip the canal Is being constructed. AT
present there is an army of nearly 10000 men
engaged in the gigantic undertaking OF build
ing this great water highway from ocean to
ocean.
The first party OF Americans went to Pana
ma in 1904 to begin work, but they found the
country infested with diseases of the most
fatal kinds, and the year 1904 was practically
spent in improving health conditions. This
work has been under the supervision of Col
w. c. Gorgas, and so effective have been the
methods pursued by him and his able assist
ants in the Canal Zone of the Isthmus OF
Panama that the health conditions Of that
tropical country about as good today as
those of the southern states of America.
Contrary to the general belief. the United
States is not digging big ditch" across the
Isthmus of Panama. When the canal is fin
ished and ships are steaming across Panama
from the Atlantic to the Pacific, or vice versa,
the waters of the two oceans will still be at
least forty miles apart. They will never meet
at all. A sealevel canal. which would have
allowed the waters of the Atlantic and the
Pacific to come together is not being dug; but
sn S5-foot lock canal is being constructed AS
20 the relative merits of the sealevel and the
lock canal 1t is not within the province OF this
article to discuss
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1911-02-24

A matter that has engaged the attention of the
civilized world for nearly five hundred years
Many unsuccessful attempts have been made
TO accomplish the object in the past, and 1t
is coed to realize that the dreams and designs
Of the Spanish adventures of the fifteenth
century are about to be brought to pass by
American engineers of the twentieth century.
Spain, Portugal England and France have
each in turn made failure in their attempts
to pierce the Isthmus with a canal.
Columbus was the first to propose water
highway from Europe to Asia, westward, by
way Of the Atlantic. 1t was such highway
he sought, and not the new world, which he
really found. He landed on the Isthmus of
Panama near the present site of Colon, in the
year 1902, but it was Spanish engineer
named Saavedra, one of Balboa's followers,
who first advocated the construction Of
canal across Panama. This as in 1917, and
after studying the question for a dozen years,
he submitted his plans to Charles ", KING OF
Spain Surveys of the isthmus were made,
but the work of cutting a canal was reported
to be impracticable. After the death OF
Charles V. his successor, Philip H., IN Ioo''
sent an engineer to survey the Nicaraguan
route who likewise made an adverse report
The question was then abandoned lot @oo
years. after which time it was again opened.
and has been before the public ever since
In the year 1880 the French people. headed
by Count Ferdinand de Lesseps, who had
gained beth fame and fortune by the success
full completion OF the Suez canal, took up the
matter of constructing the Panama canal, ana
went vigorously to work to connect the two
oceans. The great engineer thought ne hao
really an easier undertaking before him than
ha had recently been successful in accom-
plishinS-that is, the cutting of the Suez ca
nal-but he was vastly mistaken. AS work
progressed on the canal with seeming sue
cess, glowing reports were waited back to
France of what was being done, and the fame
of de Lesseps rose to the point Of hero wor-
shrp In 1884 he was elected to the French
academy, and was saluted by Gambetta as
the Grand Old Frenchman." In 1885 he was
seated among the Immortals-Victor Hugo
the great French novelist, being his sponsor
and Renan. that other brilliant French writer.
delivered the valedictory
But the dark clouds were gathering behind
all this fantastic show. and in few more
wears the crisis came. The expenditure of
money that had been contributed mostly by
the poorer people of France was something
awcpl-the amount being placed as high as
$500. Gee, 900 in eight years; and then the crash
came. burying beneath the wreck the hopes
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1911-02-24

dnveiling to take place next Memorial
day.
The monument is bei"g built in
front of the Clay county >ourt house,
within the court house square. 1t will
stand TO the south of the main walk
leading away from the court house, in
the same relative position in the
square which is occupied by the can
non which was placed in the square
about II years ago by the Women's
Relief Corps of that city. This big
cannon, which was given to the WON
en- by the United States government,
is big gun which did service in the
war and was discarded by the govern
ment many years ago. 1t rests on
stone base and was placed at the
north side of the court house walk in
1897.
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1911-02-24
TO HONOR KANSAS SOLDIERS
Grand Army post Of Clay Center, hsnT
Starts Movement TO su'lo
Suitable Monument.

In Kansas, the state which furnished
so many soldiers in the Civil war very
few monuments have been built ana
little has been done to leave memo
rails Of the war and to serve as IL
centives to patriotism among EHe
youth of the state.
However, within recent weeks lne
Grand Army post of Clay Center Fhi
Sheridan post, has started a move
ment to erect in the court mousse
square in Clay Center monument
to their comrades, and the work is
now well under way. II is planned to
spend about $1,000 or more on the
monument. The foundation already
has been put down and early in the
spring the monument will be built the
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1911-02-24
Statue to War CHAPLAIN corbv.

Where Chaplain Corby, SSth New
York Infantry, stood on a rock and
gave absolution to the Irish brigade
before it went into the fight at tho
wheatfield at Gettysburg, in July, 1862,
a statue to him soon will be erected.
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1911-02-24
CZZE5RA CIR GR0Nl1YC G0D Hill

have covered the sides of the excavation WIN
solid gold The cut through these mountains
Is known as Culebra cut, and is nine miles IN
at Bias Obispo and ends at Pedro Miguel locks
The question is often asked, What De
comes of the vast quantities of dirt, ROCK
etc., that are taken from the canal? 1t ls
loaded on trains by means of the steam SHOW
els and hauled off-a portion being placed on
Gatun dam, portion is taken to the Atlantic
and portion to the Pacific oceans and placed
on the great breakwaters that are building
there, and yet other trains are busily engaged
in hauling the excavations to the railroad
tracks that will skirt the northern edge of the
canal, and which will have solid rock bed
the entire distance. They find use for every
particle Of it. Getting rid of these excavations
has caused the Canal Zone to become the
busiest railroad center in the world. 1t Is
said that 900 trains pass a given point near
the town of Culebra in a day. hauling out the
rock from the cut
The United States is constructing a lock
canal, as before stated. These locks are in
pairs, each having width of 10 feet and
length of 1000 feet. Each lock consists OF
chamber with walls of concrete, and with
water-tight gates at the ends. The level OF
water is to be regulated through openings in
the bottom by the operation of valves in the
side and center walls, which will permit the
water to flow into and out Of the locks by
gravity. 1t is estimated that it will require
eight minutes to fill one Of them. The locks
are the largest that have ever been designed
in the history Of the world. The gates con-
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1911-02-24

And the question comes to him In re-
doubled force as he remembers that the spot
on which all this great work is in progress
was only recently regarded as the death-hole
of the word-but now, when he beholds
land freed from the fearful ravages of the dis
cases that had for centuries taken their toll
of human life by the tens Of thousands, he is
constrained to ask again: What has wrought
his wonderful change?
And the answer comes back to him from
far down the rugged road that is filled with
the fumes of the midnight oil that has been
burned by students and men Of science OF
past and present times: o, fellOw-toiler, over
and above and around and directing this
great enterprise, upon which the eyes OF the
world are conferred today, is the irresistible
power Of well-trained, cultured intellect.
1t is remarkable the number of people one
finds who are of the opinion that the idea OF
q canal across the Isthmus Of Panama is some
thing of recent origin, when the fact'is, it is
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1911-02-24

HEN one looks upon the gIgantIc
work that is in progress on the
Isthmus of Panama and beholds
the hills and the mountains CIV
ing way before the onward
march of modern machinery
sees steam, electricity, air and
water all harnessed and made to
do the bidding Of man, he can
but stand in awe and ask the
question: What Is the propel-
ling power back of this great
undertaking?
The Washington bee., 1911-05-13

feature of the thing; it serves to en-
phaslZe a race trait and tendency"
that we could far better afford to
suppress-namely the readiness with
which we pour out our dollars IN a
foolish exhibition OF questionable So
clablllty when we just as readily turn
a deaf ear to all appeals for money to
support really worthy charity or to
promote a worthy cause. This recalls
the foolish exhibition we make every
4S months here in Washington where
we spend (actually) thousands OF dol
lars in a trio or QuaTtette OF "Inaugu-
raj balls and every month thereafter
utterly neglect our share of the bur
den imposed upon the community
through the misfortuntes of the poor,
the degraded and the neglected OF our
own race. OF course, this does not
apply to all Of us, but it does apply to
far too many of us. Let US hope that
in some way better counsel will yet
prevail among us, and work a reform
IN this blighting evil
Your paper can do good work IN
this cause. Subscriber.
The Washington bee., 1911-05-13

Grady, DR.. Curtis, Prof George w.
Cook, Mr.. Cobb, Dr. Francis, Dr. w.
T. Vernon and others made many use
full and practical suggestions. The
meeting resolved itself into a tenn
porary organization, and committee
of seven, of which DR.. Wilder is
chairman, was appointed to prepare a
plan of permanent organization for
active work One of the plans sug-
gested was the undertaking of an ef-
fort to secure a citywide support for
the social settlement work now being
carried on in L Street, in South Wash
lngtOn, and committee composed of
Dr. J. R Francis, Prof. George w.
Cook and Mr.. Henry Z. Baker was
appointed to inquire into and report
upon the work, resources and needs
of the said Social Settlement, with a
view to adopting some plan for giving
It practical and immediate support.
After a social hour, during which
Dr. and Mrs. Cabaniss dispensed a
gracious hospitality, the meeting ad-
jOurned, to come together again Fri
day evening, 18th instant, at the office
OF DR.. Francis, IIo2 Ninth Street,
Northwest.
Among those present, in addition to
those named above, were DR.. Dumas
Mr.. Moore. DR.. Lotion, DR.. Wells,
Mr. McKinlay, DR.. Warheld, Rev
Mitchell, Prof Kelly Miller, Mr.. Ocea
Taylor, Rev. John Hurst and others.
The Washington bee., 1911-05-13
He Speaks at a Banquet
GREAT RECEPTION TO EDUCATOR
He Informs HisGuests What Is Necessary
for His People
UNITARIAN CLUB BANQUET.
DR.. Washington Speaker.

New York City, May 11-The an
nual banquet of the Unitarian Club of
New York City was held at the Hotel
Manhattan, Madison Avenue and 42d
Street, last Wednesday,, May 10, at
7:3O o'clock. Arrangements for the
banquet were in the hands of DR..
Thomas R. Slicer, the well-known
Unitarian minister, and HIr. Charles
H. Strong, of the business firm of
Strong & Mellen, p William Street,
New York City.
The subject for discussion was
Race Prejudice and the speakers,
in addition to DR.. SliCer himself, were
Prof Alberto PeCOrini, Mr.. NJ. Hon
da and Rev. Dr. H. Pereira Hendes
For the Negro people, Dr. Booker 7.
Washington, of Tuskegee Institute,
spoke 1t will thus be seen that the
white, the black, the yellow, and the
Malay races were each represented on
the program.
The Hotel Manhattan IS the famous
New York hostelry where DR.. Wash
ington has been quartered when in
the city for the past eight or 10 years.
The Tuskegee educator spoke in
part as follows:
There are some people who are
very active in their efforts to fight the
race prejudice-some people in the
North and some people IN the South.
They are trying to fight It by argu-
ment. They are trying 10 fight It by
retaliating in kind. If the white man
curses the Negro, they believe that it
will destroy prejudice TO curse the
white man in return. If the white
man illtreats a Negro, they think the
way to destroy prejudice Is to 1nJure
the white man. IT the white man
tries to terTOriZe a certain class OF
Negroes, these people think that the
thing to do is to terrOrize the white
man in return.
Now, there are two things I would
say in regard to this. First, that IS
the old vicious circle-if I injure my
neighbor, of course. my neighbOr IS
bound to injure me in return-and OF
course, there is no end to that pur-
suit. No civilization was ever built
.up on that On the contrary, Civilt-
zation, especially our civilization, has
been built up on the principle of not
retaliating, of not doing evil to other
men, as they do to you. On the
other hand, while I believe in imitat-
inging the white man in most things
that he does. I believe in initiating
him not in the evil things, but in the
good things, and the people who curse
the Negro are not the best white
people, but the worst The best white
people are those who are seeking to
educate the Negro, to build him up,
to make him a Christian. They are
the people who do not reply with re-
taliation, but who return good tor
evil, rather than evil for evil