Imperial Valley press., 1911-12-11
BOUNDARY MARKS
Limits a Fiery Orator Once Gave
~ the United States.
<JHE CANADIAN LINE FENCE.

Monuments That cIeave the Two
Countries West From the Lake Of the
Observation-Disclosures in State and
County Boundaries.
The fates of empires and of dynas-
ties have been involved in the struggle
Tor boundaries. The figment that the
Rhine was the natural frontier Of
France ended in the downfall Of the
Bonapartes and the eXaltation of the
Hohenzollerns, thus rearing the neo-
German empire upon the ruins Of the
upstart French empire.
In our own country the cry of Eff
ty-fOur-forty or fight"' held a threat
Of the mighty conflict that eventually
proved irrepressibie. And in our own
day the dispute over the Venezuelan
boundary nearly precipitated a war
between the two greatest nations Of
the earth.
1t was a startling figure of speech,
that of the western orator who. mount
ing higher and higher to a climax of
Ouncombe. described the United States
as bounded on the east by the Atlantic
ocean. on the north by the aurora bo-
realis. on the west by the setting sun
and on the south by the gates of hell.
Still. it was only figure of speech.
Canada lies between us and the boreal
Thr
to the south hardly descr9e the infer
nal comparison. AS to the oceans to
the east and the west of us. they may
be left to themselves. Not mine the
task of determining what the wild
waves are saying.
The Canadian boundary presents its
idiOsyncrasies and eccentricities. The
eastern part of it follows naturally
and spontaneously the regular water
line formed by the great lakes and
their outlets. Thence from the Lake
of the Woods on the north of Mime
sofa more direct course. man made
and mechanical, is taken through the
wilderness and over the mountains of
the west to the Pacific coast. Nor has
this course been suffered to remain
mere imaginary line. Man, having
made it. has marked it well. Between
the Lake of the Woods aud the Red
river cast iron pillars have been
placed one mile apart alternately by
the English and the American govern
ments. These are hollow castings in
pyramidal form eight feet high. with
Y base eight inches square. an octa-
gon fiange one inch thick and top
four inches square surmounted by
solid cap.
Into these hollow posts are fitted
well seasoned cedar joists, with spikes
driven through holes made in the cast
ing. The pillars are firmly imbedded
in the ground. Inscriptions in raised
letters face north and south. The
north side reads. Convention of Lon
dom" the other. October 20, 1915"
line is generally denoted by earth
mounds and stone cairns I by feet,
though these are occasionally diversi
fed by wooden posts Of the same
height as the iron pillars and painted
red above ground Through forests
clearings have been made a rod wide.
Where bodies of water are crossed
monuments of stone rise several feet
above high tide. Over the mountains
shafts of granite supersede the pillars.
mounds and cairns.
There are eccentricities in state
lines as well as in those which limit
the confines of the United States.
Thus the line that separates Delaware
from Pennsylvania Newcastle and
Chester counties respectively sudden
ly curves upward and forms semi
circle just above the ancient town of
Newcastle.
The explanation may be found in
history. At the time Delaware was
set out there were few points of lati-.
,ude and longitude definitely estab-
lished in the colonies. so that bound
aries were generally expressed not by
latitude and longitude, but by refer
ence to some known location. In the
deed by which Delaware was trans
ferred there was ceded all the land for
twelve miles round Newcastle, togeth-
er with certain other areas. In estab-
fishing the boundaries Of the present
state of Delawa this description was
taken literally. and part of a circle.
with the center at Newcastle, was sur
veyed upon u twelve mile radius.
No other state has an arc in it's
boundary iine but many Of the coun-
ties of Kentucky and Tennessee do
Warren county. Tenn. is almost com
plete circle. In many instances coun-
ties formerly circular have been ex-
panded into irregular polygons.-Wn-
liam S. Walsh in New York Tribune.