davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-01-20
DEADLOCK on IOWA SENATOR
Lafayette Young Leads Republican
Candidates.

Des Moines, Jan. iS.--Numerous
conferences and cal.cuses among sup
rcrters Of various senatorial candi-
oates failed matrriail, to alter the sit
uation. The Iowa legislature was dead
locked When the first ballot was taken
by the senate and toGse separately.
Senator Young failed to capture the
full 'standpat" strength, as his sup
pOrters had claimed he would.
A. d. Fnnke of Spirit Lake, Judge
w. S. Kenyon Of Fort Dodge, former
Governor Warren Garst OF Coon
Rapids and former Attorney General
Byers secured the greater part OF the
progressive vote. 1t will require eighty
votes to elect The first ballot result
ed as follows:
'Democra,-C:ande r ra.t :. 50. T..
publicans-i-afay.,r.e YouLs. -; i i
Funke, 21; ". S. Kenyon, =: j! V
Byers, 13; Warren Garst. {. C'f% re i
in, 3; Carl Frani:e, 2, c. II WILSON, i
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-01-20
ON CHARGE OF
EMBEzzLEMENT
St. Paul German Lutheran Min
lister Under Arrest

st. Paul, Jan. 1S.-Rev. David G.
Lebahn, aged fifty. travelling agent for
the German Hospital association. was
a prisoner in police court on a charge
of grand larceny.
The case involves alleged swindline
operations said to involve the misap'
preparation of approximately $4,000
although the complaint against the
accused minister specifies only $3O6.
Rev. Lebahn's duties were to col.
lect money for the free patient fund
of the st. Paul German hospital. Sus
picion was aroused because of. the
small amounts the collector turned
into the treasury.
Rev. Carl Knoll. president of the
association, called a special meeting
of the trustees last Thursday after.
noon and as a result Of the delibera'
tions Rev. Lebahn vas charged with
embezzling money he had collected.
1t is alleged that he confessed to
populations amounting to over $4,000,
but promised to make. the stolen
amount good if the matter was kept
quiet. This was agreed upon and he
was given q years time to pay up,
Last Monday Rev. Knoll heard that
Rev. Lebahn was preparing to decamp
and swore out a warrant for his ar.
rest.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-01-20
No. to.
tFirst publication January II 1911
APPROPRIATION OF WATER
Office of the State Engineer.

Office of the State Engineer.
Bismarck, N. D.. Jan. 5. 1911.
Notice is hereby given that {. o. Hanson
whose pGstoffice address is Wilton. Mclean
County, N. D.. has made ali application in ac-
cordance with the provisions Of the irrigation
laws Of North Dakota for a permit to ap.
rropriatc for beneficial use 80 cubic feet Of
water per second of time from Duck Creek
diversion Of which is to be located upon the
left bank of said stream in the n. W.. a of the
NWA of section II township 143 range 81 said
water to be used for the purpose of irrigation
upon the NWA Of the NEH NWa and the sWA
all in Section 81. Township l3 N. Range 81
west
This application will be- taken up by the
state engineer ut his office at Bismarck for
consideraton and appropriate action upon the
s So day OF March ara ISL at "a. M, at which time
would be injuriously. affected, or that the
would be detrimental to the public welfare,
and also parties making the application, and
TO be benefited. are notified to be present
either by sworn affidavit or in person for the
purpose of presenting any ~revelant testimony.
7. r. Atkinson @
2A& State Engineer.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-01-20
DEADLOCK IN NEW. Y0R,
Sheehan Fails to Secure Full Demo
cratic Vote

Albany, N. Y, Jan. ia deadlock
resulted from the ballot taken by the
senate and assembly separately for
United States senator. William +
Sheehan, who led the Democratic can.
didates, received a total of 81 votes in
both houses. Since 1856 members voted
this number was eight less than the
majority necessary for election.
OF the twenty-five boilers from the
Democratic caucus twenty have signed
an agreement to stick together on the
proposition not to be controlled by the
action of the caucus.
After a conference of the "bolters'
Senator F. D. Roosevelt, Democrat
said that their ranks we're unbroken
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-01-20
Watc.ways Board Proposed.

Washington, Jan. 18.-The appoint
ment Of a board by the president to
prepare a comprehensive plan of in.
land waterways development for the
consideration Of congress is provided
for in an amendment to the rivers and
harbors bill introduced in the senate
by Senator Newlands of Nebraska.
The amendment carries an appropria.
tion Of $4,000.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-01-20
ORDINANCE No 6

Section Is. The occupant of every builG ng
tenment or premises fronting upon any stree.
within this city, and the owner or agent having
control or custody of any unoccupied building,
keep the sidewalks in front of their premises
reasonably free and clear from snow and ice
and shall after and during any snowfall clear
in the forenoon of each day. and every person
failing or ncglccting to comply with any of the
provisions OF this section shall be- punished by
afinc of not less than one ($l) and not more
than ten (SlOl dollars.
BY order of the city council.
Hugh We,tmiller
City Auditor
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-01-20
CHARGES LIKELY TO BE FILED
Naval OFFICERS Expect Admiral Barry
Will he courtmartialed.

Vallejo. CAL, Jan. 1S.-Navy Off
GERS at Mare Island maynard believe
that the navy department intends to
order a courtmartial in connection
with the case of Admiral Barry.
Gossip in navy circles is that two
officers of the West Virginia, whose
names are withheld, are prepared to
file formal charges against the ad-
miral.
Admiral Barry has a wide circle of
friends here and they all assert that
the charges r merely "a horrible
mistake"
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-01-20
HUNDREDS ARE DYING DAILY
Dubonic Plague Becoming More seri.
Gus in Manchuria.

0ubonic Plague Becoming More Seri.
Gus in Manchuria.
St. Petersburg, Jan. 18.-Advices
from Fudziadian, the Chinese suburb
of Hardin, say that the deaths there
from bubonic plague average $50 daily.
The epidemic is spreading to Mukden.
Kirin and places in Northern China
having commercial intercourse with
Russia.
The council of ministers met and
discussed the matter of the plague in
Manchuria and the %advisability of
making representations to the Chinese
government and suggesting that Fud.
ziadian be declared under the super.
vision of Russian authorities and ply.
sicians.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-01-20
LEFT MUCH TO CHARITY
VIII Of Mrs. Emily II. Moir Probated
in New York City.

in New YORK City.
New York. Jan. 1S.-Various seats
of learning, Presbyterian churches,
missions and charities are henefic-
iaries in the will OF Mrs. Emily H.
Moir, probated here. 1t is expected
that appraisals will show the estate
aggregates at least 81, O00, 900.
Mrs. Moir's next of kin, two nieces,
six grandnieces and grand nephews,
are each left one-twenty-fourth of the
residuary estate. To Tuskegee insti-
tute and Howard university similar
beauests are made. Harvard, Prince.
ton and Lincoln universities each will
get one-twelfth of the estate.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-01-20
SAID TO DO RIs WORK WELL
Prince Miguel Of Braganza Finds EN-
nIchi..ort in nndnn.

Prince Miguel OF Braganza Finds EN-
p!arncent in London.
New Yoal ian. 1S.-News has
reached New York city that the Duke
of Vizeu G'rince Miguel of Braganza),
who married Miss Anita Stewart, has
found employment in a London stock
brokers' cinGe.'
A partner in the firm says that the
duke does the work of an ordinary
clerk and does it we'll. He goes to the
city early, has the same time off for
luncheon as the other clerks have and
leaves at the same time as they. He
is particularly eager to get a thorough
insight into financial affairs.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-01-20
LEGAL NOTICES

~ Notices published under this
heading will be charged egaIrates
In accordance with the ruling ofthe
Mclean County Press Association,
and no affidavit will be Issued until
all publication charges are paid.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-01-20
TOWN WIPED OUT BY FIRE
Wireless Message Tells Of D.strue'
tion Of Marshfield, Ore.

Seattle, Jan. 1s.-The following mes
a being sent from Marshfield, Ore,
to Roseburg. was picked up by the
wireless station here:
Have just been informed that the
town Of Gardiner, Ore, is totally de-
stroyed by fire. No doubt many peo-
pie in distress. Almost impossible for
us to reach them Immediately"
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1911-04-19
BAKING is OLDEST
PROCESS in HISTORY
This Method of Cooking Mentioned in the Bible
Keep the Oven Thoroughly Clean and
Ventiated-Hot Air

and in roasting this is particularly the
case, as a clear, brisk and yet steady
fire is essential. Roasting before fire
is cooking by radiated heat, namely,
the heat rays coming from the fire are
caught by the joint hanging before it.
This can be done by either close or
open range. To roast joint, 1t should
be placed before great heat for the
first ten minutes to harden the outside
of the meat and keep in the juices.
and then be allowed to cook more
slowly If allowed to cook quickly all
The time the meat is likely to be tough.
The joint should be basted about every
ten minutes, as this helps to cook 1t,
keeps it juicy and improves the flavor
The time allowed is fifteen minutes for
every pound, twenty minutes over for
beef and mutton; for veal and pork,
twenty minutes for every pound and
thirty minutes over. To roast III the
oven of an ordinary range is not con-
sidered so good as roasting before an
open fire; although the greatest part
Of meat roasting is undoubtedly done
in close ovens.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1911-04-19

mer method the food is cooked by dry
heat, while by the latter it is cooked
by liquid heat. Baking, as compared
with other cooking processes, such as
broiling and roasting, differs in this:
while by broiling and roasting the food
is cooked by full exposure to the hot
air, baking is performed in ovens,
more Or less close structures, whereby
the action of dry heat IS modified by
the presence of the steam that comes
from the food which IS being baked.
Roasting.
Roasting is cooking before the fire,
and must be distinguished from bak-
ing. 1t is one of the oldest methods
of cooking on record land still remains
the favorite form Of cooking joints
of meat or birds. The intense heat of
the fire, combined with the free action
of the hot air, produces and imparts
that savory taste and fine flavor which
is quite unlike that obtained in any
other way. The success of every
method of cooking depends largely up
on the correct management Of the fire,
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1911-04-19

butter, oil or lard, If cut in small,
thin pieces, a quick fire is best; il in
larger pieces, a moderate but we'll
regulated fire is advisable The cul-
mary term of ''saute'' is more perfectly
explained or defined in the word toss. -
Baking.
Baking is one of the oldest modes
of cooking on record, for bread has
been baked from time immemorial, and
according to the Scriptures baking
was known more than $500 years ago.
1t is most convenient form of cook
ing. Baking is cooking in hot air, and
hot air plays very important part
in cooking; although baking in close
oven is not done by radiant heat, there
the sides of the oven and from the top
and bottom. The hot air in an oven
is likely to become tainted with the
fumes of burnt grease and smoke,
which too often communicates dis
agreeable favors to things baked, more
to meats. This can be avoid
ed to large extent if the oven is kept
scrupulously clean and well ventilated.
For roasting, braising, baking bread,
cakes, pastry, buildings, custards, saw
DRY meats, vegetable and farinaceOuS
dishes, the oven will always srema n
in favor. In baking, especially puff
pastry and souffles, it is well to know
that opening the door of an oven is
detrimental to fine pastry in process
Of baking. In fact the mere slam
ming of an oven door is often sufi-
cient to make puff paste drop fiat and
lose its llghtneSS on the spot, so that
nothing will mahe it rise again. Baked
custards and milk buildings will re-
quire more moderate oven than pas
try, and longer time in baking, for
if they are baked too quickly the milk
will turn watery in the dish, while the
top will burn. The difference between
baking and boiling is that hu the for
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1911-04-19
SCIENCE OF VARIOUS
FORMS OF COOKERY
Chemical Explanation of Principal Culinary Processes
and Instructions for their Successful Consun-
mation-Proper Degrees of Heat
By MARION HARRIS NEIL

ternal juices of frying food. When
anything becomes dry through long
frying the cause is that the continued
heat drives all the moisture in the
state of vapor. 1t Is not generally
known that when burnt fat in any
form is eaten it causes great trouble,
for soon after it enters the stomach it
produces butyric acid, which is the
most unwholesome of all acids, form
ing gas which causes heartburn. Fat
for frying should be at least twice as
hot as boiling water before it is fit
for use. The point to which fat or
oils may be heated varies, some burn
ing much more readily than others.
About $50 to 400 degrees is suitable
temperature; it can be higher; it can
sometimes be lower for things that
need sow cooking, but it is usually
better to begin at high temperature
and lower it afterwards. To fry we'll,
have deep pan half full of fat, so
that whatever is to be cooked may be
completely covered. This is not ex-
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1911-04-19

fat at one time the temperature will
be lowered so much that they may
absorb fat and even fall to pieces. The
idea is to have the fat sufficiently hot
to Immediately close up the surfaces
of whatever is to be cooked, so that
the fat does not soak into it and make
it greasy. Frying baskets should be
used for all delicate frying, so as to
do away with much handling and to
lift out all the things at the same mo-
ment. Dry frying is so called because
of the small amount of fat used, and
not because of the dryness of what is
fried, for things fried in this way are
very apt to be greasy. 1t is not to
be recommended when the other meth
cd can be used, but it is necessary for
such things as sausageS, pancakes, ba-
con, small pieces of meat and vegeta-
bles. There should always be enough
fat to cover the surface of the pan,
and it should always be made as hot
as possible without burning before be-
ginning to fry. Most things that are
fried are covered with beaten egg,
bread crumbs, flour and milk, in order
that a crust may be formed around
them to keep the juice in and the fat
out.
Sautelng.
Sauteing may also be defined as dry
frying. This is done by using only
enough fat, butter or lard to enable
one to toss things in the pan over the
fire. The pan used for this purpose
is either saute pan or an ordinary
frying or omelet pan. The object of
sauteing is partly to stir the contents
of the pan and to prevent them from
burning. This must not be performed
with fork or spoon, but by moving
the pan frequently backward and for
ward over a quick fire. We saute po-
tatoes, beans, etc. Liver, to be tossed,
must be cooked rapidly; kidneys and
chicken filets are sauted either in hot
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1911-04-19
r HE process of frying is, in tn

~ HE process of frying is, in the
truest culinary sense, boiling in
fat or oil. Fat is but oil solidi-
fed, and oil is liquid fat; never
theless, the conditions of boiling in
oil are altogether different, and the
effects to a certain extent contrary to
the mode of boiling in other liquids.
For frying, the fat usually registers
from 300 to $50 degrees, while boiling
oil is about three times as hot as boil
ing water. In consequence of this. if
articles Of food are plunged into boil
ing oil or fat they offer the very oppo-
site results to what they do in boiling
liquid stock or water. By the latter
method meats, vegetables and fish be-
come soft and in some cases dissolved;
they become solid boiled meats, or are
reduced to the condition Of pulp; while
in frying they become firm. and ulti
mately brown on their outside; if left
in the boiling fat too long they become
black.
Fat is incapable of dissolving the in
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1911-04-19

travagant, as whatever fat remains can
be strained, clarified and used again.
To Clarity Fat.
After the frying is finished and the
fat slightly cooled, it should be passed
through fine wire sieve, when it is
ready for frying again; and if it is
carefully heated and strained, the same
bath Of fat may be used many times
for different dishes. To clarity fat or
suet for frying, it should be cut up
in small pieces, put into a saucepan
with just enough water to cover it,
and heated over slow fire until the
bottom of the saucepan can be seen;
then it must be cooled little and
strained. After several times using
the fat can be purified by pouring it
while warm into a pan of water and
we'll stirred; the pieces and Impurities
settle at the bottom Of the cake of fat
or sink into the water. The fat must
be smoking hot and perfectly still be-
fore it is fit for frying. Any bubbling
shows that it contains water, and is
therefore not yet hot enough to con-
vert this into steam; when hot enough
it stops kissing, and gives off a dark
blue vapor which is difficult to distin-
guish, but is easily seen against dark
background. A small piece of bread
thrown into the fat is also good test.
If it turns brown Immediately the heat
is correct; if not, the fat is still too
cool for frying. When moist food is
put into hot fat large bodies of steam
begin to form. At first the foods, be-
ing heavy and cold, sink to the bottom
of the saucepan; as they heat and the
water escapes, they rise toward the
top. AS soon as the food is brown it
should be removed from the fat and
drained on soft paper before serving.
Dry Before Frying.
Whatever is to be fried must be as
dry as possible. If many pieces Of
cold food are put into the saucepan of
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1911-04-19

Their decoration may be added by add
ing a touch of embroidery if one de-
sires.
Very Frenchy little tea aprons are
constructed of half of an old-fashioned
pillow sham cut from one corner to
the other with or without a tiny bib
that is fastened t6 the waist by a
fancy pin. There are no gathers or
fullness Of any kind necessary. the
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1911-04-19

edging to correspond in some way
with the trimming of the sham, which
Of course is generally quite impossible
to match.
Other very chic little aprons are
fitted to yoke belt which has been
previously embroidered in a simple
eyelet pattern, and if a ruffle is used
for edging it is either scalloped or en-
broidered to match the belt, which
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1911-04-19

two ends being pinned together in the
back and a tiny pocket added to the
front. The upper edge that goes about
the waist is finished with a narrow
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1911-04-19

tie pocket, which is always a neces-
sary adjunct to any well-regulated tea
apron.
Princess tea aprons are very dainty
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1911-04-19

if well fitted. and also have the ad-
vantage over ruff1y tucked aprons in
that they are very easily laundered.
They have no gathers or other compu-
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1911-04-19

making a most unique and dainty little
tea apron. The edges may be either
buttonholed in a scallop or finished
with a narrow edging of lace. Fur
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1911-04-19
BY HELEN FALCO

continues into strings that are en-
broidered at the wide end. The lower
edge of the apron is further elabor-
ated by embroidery, and also the lit
The La Jara chronicle., 1911-12-22
-. SANFORD -.
s.s,.7s.s.,,.,y.,..k....s,

Wilferd Petersen is on the sick
list this week.
! Sanford ward conference will be
held Sunday at p. M.
Several of our farmers attended
the meeting at La Jara Monday.
Miss May Downy is employed at
the telephone Office in Antonito.
We are pleased to learn that
Mrs. Ira Whitney is again i'm
proving
Job Whitney and Sherman Val
entine returned from Taos We'd
nesday.
Anthon Nelson and his son,
James, left Wednesday evening for
Mapleton, Utah.
The officers of the Primary
Association will give the little folks
a dance Saturday at l p. m
I Some of the boys are training
their horses and intend to try their
speed trotting during the holidays.
Miss Clara Crowther has been
very sick but is able to be up
again and is down on the Crowther
ranch.
Peter Poulson, who has been
sick for some time, was removed
to the Alamosa hospital last Tues
day and is reported to be improv-
ing.
Mrs Lars Mortensen accom-
panied her daughter, Mrs. briggs,
Wednesday evening as far as Ala
mosa and returned home Thurs
day morning
Mrs. VIM. King briggs left
Wednesday evening for Castledale,
Utah. She will join Mr.. briggs
and assist him in the opera, The
Navajo Princess"
Mrs Martin Nicholson will leave
Saturday evening for Boulder,
Colo, where she will meet her
husband and spend the holidays
with her mother and other relatives
VIM. Christensen, who in COM
yany with Martin Nicholson has
been taking a course in gymnastics
at the L. d. S. gymnasium in Salt
Lake City, returned home We'd
The La Jara chronicle., 1911-12-22
He reports that

nesday morning. He reports that
they had very pleasant trip and
met many Sanford friends while
absent.
Mr.. and Mrs. Sven Petersen left
Friday evening for Denver to
spend the Christmas holiday.
The boys basket ball team from
the district school were defeated
in game at Manassa Thursday
evening The Manassa boys will
play return game in Sanford
during the holidays.
The La Jara chronicle., 1911-12-22
Lightning Kills Few.

In 1906 lightning killed only 1f9
people in this whole country. Ones
chances Of death by lightning are less
that two in million. The chance of
death from liver, kidney or stomach
trouble is vastly greater, bu, not if
Electric Btters be used, as Robert
Madsen, of West Burlington, Iowa,
proved. -Four doctors gave him up
after eight months of suffering from
virulent liver trouble and yellow jaun-
dice. He was then completely cured
by Electric Bitters. They're the best
stomach, liver, nerve and kidney
remedy and blood purifier on earth.
Only SOC at all dealers.
The La Jara chronicle., 1911-12-22
-. BOUNlIFUL -.

One week vacation at Bountiful
and one day for holiday sports.
School at Bountiful will have
one weeks vacation for the holi-
days.
E. X. Ball dry picked and shipped
to Colorado Springs 81 fine fat
turkeys, weighing all told 230
pounds.
Alma Christensen had 40 acres
of beets in cultivation the past
season, the crop amounting to
about $1,000. The cost of cultiva-
ton and harvesting was near 81 200
leaving profit of $500
A. j. Christensen is naturally a
very pleasant and agreeable gentle
man but is even more so since
Dec. s. On that date the stork
paid the family visit and left a
boy weighing 10 good solid
pounds.