davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Albuquerque evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1911-1914, 1911-07-08
ELEPHANT BUTTE IS
ASSOUAN Of THE
UNITED STATES
Lengthy Article in THE
Earth" on Gigantic Project
of Reclamation Service on
the Rio Grande.
WRITER Is CITIZEN
OF NEW MEXICO

Willing under the caption The
American Assouan." Brigham Lcath-
'rhor. CITIZEN of sierra county who
has watched tho progress of the Elo-
phaut Butte project from .t- y,ry i'm
cepuun. mas long article IN THE
Earth of this month The article
SAYS.
Tho idra % Irrgatng arid regions.
thus rendering productive an other
vIs, desert land. probably Is almost
as ancient as the practice of aRUcul-
tur, us,f Undoubtedly when man
reasrd go hc purely uuru.vcraus ant
NAL. roaming the VlIds tud rubslst-
ing entirely uU1u mo products uf the
hunt. aud settled down to th, pur-
suit of agriculture, h' occupied areas
along the banks of flowing streams,
whence he could derive the adequate
amount of water for muisi,UIus the
soil most cffoctiyoN with me least
labor since there seems every rea-
fau 20 suppose that 300 many piarH-
he was dependent entirely npnu rive
crs for water. the rainfall being slight
Irrigation was an immediate necessity
Indian civilization probably began
along tho GauRcs and indus th' carly
Romans cultivated the banks OF th,
Tlbcr. while the agricultural peoples
~ northern and western Europe first
settled along the streams pf tnat con-
unent lint most famous ut all was
ths settlement OF the ancient valley
uf the Nil.. aud no one fact oi surio-
ioaicai history IL more widely ot bet
ter known than the prosresF of "eri-
culture among the ancient ER puana
on tbs. their sacred, stream
Tho flood ana fan OF the Niio was
-n necessary 60 tho population tho
ths religious festivals were concurrent
auh thes. events. and the action oi
thr river thus became the foundation
upon which was erected TINT wond sr-
CAS- aud complicated religious system
when later go powerfully influenced
tho hoologies az Greecc and Rome
and of which many remains are stu
rKtani IN modern Christianity
Irritation from rivers. either capl''
from Egypt. 90 arising IN sponinn"oA'
FNnchr0nism among various peop'e.
Nas praoiiced nmOng asficuiinra
communities throughout the nnc'en'
Wprla, and was preserved Ia Europs
dsap's ne rateges ~ me rnihies'
Albuquerque evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1911-1914, 1911-07-08

Two republics
As the upper portion 81 the river
hnsiu la COLORADO became settled the
farmers along the southern portion
noticed gradual dimlnution In their
supply eft water The devastation OF
the colorado forests boy cutting ana
the annual fires always resultant of
the settlement of "a ncW country, and
the increasing demand on the water
by the Colorado irrigators. caused nn
alarming dccrcas" In the riycrs flow
through New Mexico. Prior To- 1856
the torrcntial spring floods had been
OF sufficient magnitude To furnish
adequate water for this district, hut
In 1857 and 1855 the river was dry
for periods ut three months ON tn"
other hand. after long druugh"
cluudhursts occurring In the dcnuded
northern mountains, would produce
floods which, rushing over the Hun-
baked river bed would break the
dam heads Of the accluias and mum
date the farms.
This fast was running the settlers
of the fertile Mcsilla valley of New
Mexico, and they saw that To- preserve
their farms IL was necessary 10 con-
troll and regulate the flow of the river
by more enduring means than preY-
ouslv had been used Therefore,
about lsNS. company was formed
at Las Cruces. the market town Of
the magnificent Mcs.la valley 90
erect dams ard canals which might
he 81 lasting benefit 20 the commu-
ulty However. its lHhors were soon
o. ftt ilt hT
cause The canal had been surveyed
Through tho military reservation or
Font seldom The Mexican farmers
along tho right bank ot the Rio
Iitudr. being affected as tucir Amer
i,au uriahbors, began Co complain mat
tl,y. likewise. were deprived Of adc-
duatr water. ana the Mexican gov
,um,nt presented claim in their
nohalf for damages amounting &"
over So. 200. o0o aud an International
commission was appointed 20 nvcst-
eut, ana report on the matter
Farmers Organize.
lu me meantime private interests
We're aroused by the dculnrahlc cone
diuons aftoctins tho valley farms. In
lNse company was formed al El
7
structns storage dam few miles
north pi that citN hui ~ prospective
| prohib.tiye cost caused the project To
he abandoned.
During the following year another
company was Incorporated as the Rio
/ Grande Dam aud Irrigation company.
! for the purpose OF iwpoundmg the
river waters az Elephant Butte. sierra
county New Mexico. some 20 miles
north Of Las Cruces. ana OF construct
| ing complete system of diversion
/ dams aud canals 10 regulate the flow
~ the river "a the valleys below. This
company was financed In England
| Plans having been approved. the work
was begun. mi soon was terminated
| hy the United states government IN
stituting q suit IN injunction on the
| plea that the river was nayigahlo
stream.
Il b. unnecessary here to follow the
| pruRrosg OF this celebrated ease from
one court to another untl rs final
termination IN 1908, when the su-
prcme court declared the forfeiture of
the companys charter
In 1909 the passage Of lhe reclama-
ton act. with the consequent creation
Albuquerque evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1911-1914, 1911-07-08

santa Fc TRAIT, which blsccts this
level tablcland, were APT To- find death
somewhere along its course from the
hands 81 the hurdos OF hostile Apachcs
or from white bandits who infested
the mountain ranges which form rs
sides
The road takes a gradual ascent to
the foothills ui the Fra Cristohuls,
and, having passed through the gate
of the Armendaris grnnt Joins the
government road and begins IN"
descent OF the river Tho scene which
meets the eye IL beautiful The clear
blue sky seems 10 hang as q soft can
0py over the somhcr mountains which
here and there present GORGEOUS rur-
pie ana orange hues Ia the bright sun
light Looking toward the river one
secs most irregular and broken
country. mountain ranges separated
by deep gorgcs and innunerahle can
yous, from the midst ~ which rises
tho dark form of Elephant Butte,
Unlike the majority OF natural OBJ
iccts whose shapes are supposed 10
De responsible for their names. no
imaginative aids are requisite To dis
Germ the resemblance 81 this isolated
peak to an elephant So distinct is
the outline OF monstrous pachydcrm
that one hardly believes that the huge
form resting on the summit ala not
roam tho region In antiquity, climb
IN, surrounding hills. walloW IN the
river and finall, die and become fos-
silizod IN IT'S present position,
LcVclIng the Buttc
The butte o. Of volcanic formation,
and as hubble for the construction uf
the dam nothing could bc more suit
able than this accessible hasalt rock
one stone crushcr already has been
established Co reduce the shalo Many
more win he added so that as the
work progresses the butte viii grad
uully diminish until 10 finally he love
olcd and. on the completion ~ the
dam. It's site viii bc submerged in
the depths at tho reservoir.
While No actual maaonry 10, the
dam itself has been laid, preparations
are wolf under way. and unless actual
personal observation is possible II is
difficult, 10 appreciate the great task
which these prcllmiuaries constitute,
and Ia realize the great natural obstn-
Giles which confront the engineers.
For example, imagine the establish
mcnt OF camp supporting 1,ooo per-
sons, when an supplies must bee haul
cd by wagon some ~ miles 10 afford
the necessarios of lfc 60 say nothing
of tie accessories which make life
bearablc aud enjoyable. Already a
school has been Established Ia charge
of capable teacher. attended last
season by some 30 pupils. Later bill
Hard halls. bowling alleys, concert
rooms ana other places of innocent
amusement viii be installed, every
precaution Ia be- taken 20 avoid the
sale and distribution OF liquor In
fact everything practicable will he
done to give high morale 20 the Ia
borcrs without infringing upon thoir
personal liberties and individual pur-
suits such conditions are greatly ia
cilitated by the withdrawal by tho
government at the surrounding land
Tor radius of some ten miles IN al
directions,
Preparations are hoing made for
the employment of from 200 To i,bO0
workmen. The majority of laborers
viii be Msxicans and the mechnniea
Americana No Chinese win he eni-
Albuquerque evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1911-1914, 1911-07-08
Cloths and Nandals. 10 modern timci
Found II ~ America.

Iohnd " ~ Nmffttu,
when tho first spanish adycntur re-
penetrated the Interior of the New
World among th" numerous other
practices thcy found common 10 ola
World peoples was agriculture. foster
"d by irrigation. and In Mexico they
discovered system carried almost -
perfection
About the middle Of the sixteenth
century tho spanish conquisladorcs,
pushing northwurd along the banks
of the Rio Rrayo del N1rto mow
called tho Rio Grnnd.J, found the
valley OF that stream inhabited by
peaceful agricultural race. occupying
Woil-built towns tpucblosD. living ~
Communistic organization. ana using
irrigation systems Which undoubtedly
originated with their prehistoric an.
cesturs IN an probability. in this re-
gion Is ia be- found the oldest cuitl-
waited soil ~ either of the Amcri an
continents some scientific authorities
considering It's irrigation To antcdat"
that Of the Me itself and. although
II has been worked FOR centuries. ne
character b. such that II continuously
rcncNs and always is extremely rich.
producing phenomenal crops Today.
In tho many valleys 81 the RIO Gmudc'
may Doe found fruits and ycgeta nlps ~
-uuh magnitude as Co cause astoulsh-
mcnt CobbaFcs weighing from 70 ~
- pounds raulIfloWsr almost as larg"
and onions tipping tie scales az Pc
pounds
The Spanish roIouIsts readily adopt
od no. irrigation OF the natives, ana
either appropriated the pueblo sys-
TENS already constructed ,sumo N
which .tlI Jrs 100 uscI. or built simi-
lar systems n th,ir Now settlements,
where obey continued 90 follow In
Diau methods OF agriculture 20 dor-
uItory manner until the American Ur-
,Upatiou under General kearnry n
I tit Two wears later the treaty 90
Guadalupe HiduIRo ended tho McXi .Hu
.1r ana ratified the American rp1-
quests of the large southwestern t"r.
ritorics. and American people were oi
perfect liberty. save for the uggres-
sious of the hostile native tribes 10
settle the country and cultivate the
soil Pioneers rapidly entered the rec
/ Fion and soon we're followed hv fam-
| illcs ~ settlers 81 "a short time little
communities 81 farmers worr domi-
/ ciled along the valleys of the Rio
Gunde in Colorado. Sew Mcxico ard
| Texas. az dependent upon its watcTt
e. irugate their lands
IN Nmerican Nile
This beneiicont American Nlle. %
which. with its tributaries. constitutes
the principal river system OF the
southwest. within whose Influence tho
majority 81 the Sew Meyican popu-
latlun abidcs. and upou whose waters
| b IL dependent for the irrigation OF
more Than one-hulf of its cultivated
lands, is. Ike its Egyptian prototype.
! a torrenllal stream. almost dry In
some seasons. ana in others afiect'd
hN cloudhurstR boo its northern pAr.
ton in flood periods h rushed
Through iis CANYONS ana valleys.
sweepng AN before a. II takes liF
rise amid the snoWolad peaks of the
contntuial divide. W. southwestern
Coloraeo. and flows in souihoasiorly
direction until u renches the Texas
MeSico border, where u hec"nes the
international boundary between the
Albuquerque evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1911-1914, 1911-07-08

of n bureau of the department Of the
Interior. known as the reclamation
service. took the matter Of systematic
irrigation projects. moro cor loss. out ~
private hands into government COM
troll
Among rumcrous projects claiming
the attention of the bureau was that
al the rio Grnnde, and in February.
1905, congress passed an act provid-
INK ror the construction of "a storage
dam near Elephant Butte. ana the
Mexican claims were settled hy n
convention signed AZ Washington May
"a 1905, ana proclaimed January IL.
1907, whereby the United states
agreed after the completion OF the
new dam ana it's distributing system.
to deliver 10 Mexico annually 10000
acre feet Of water. for which Mexico
waived all claims for damages from
diversion OF the Rio Grandc waters
hy American citizens
Since the American users of the
water to he impoundcd are Obliged
10 pay for the construction of tho sys-
tenn. congress. March I. 1907 appro-
priatcd $1,000 n00 toward tho con-
struction of the Elephant Butte dam,
equivalent TO the proportional benefit
which Mexico would derive from the
work.
Magnitude of Project.
Briefly stated. the plans for the Rio
Grande project contemplate, The con-
sirucuon Of storage dam at Eie-
plant Butte. some ~ miles northwest
of the town of cutter, y. NJ, and 81
four diversion dams and canals 10 he
located respectively at the chads ~
Las palomas Biucon, Mcsilla ana ~
paso valleys
az these tho Loasbutg dam has
been constructed. This dam built OF
concrete AZ a cost of s200, 900, is 500
fooi long, mas sluicr ana head gates
and b. connected by canal ak miles
ipur with the old Douu ANA Las
Cruces aud Mcsiila ditch systems, ir-
TiRatiug some 10000 acres ut land ia
thu Mrsilll valley It's construction
was begun n November laoG, and is
use initiated with official ceremony
Fehruar, ~, 1905
Although IL was not un,u : aOb that
congress passed ~ act authorizing
the construction OF the Elephant
hNlt' uhih ~ dahnufAt l'N"t AlNlhI
Powell Davis. assistant chief engineer
OF the reclamation service. having m
the previous year made a recunnais-
sunce of the Rio Grandc valley. sent
James A. French. q civil engineer on
a trip up the river 10 examine dam
sites in general and this one IN par
ticular ON receipt of "a favorable re-
port from Mr. French. sur' cys We're
begun ana II. NJ Hall, supervising
engineer In charge of the district Of
the Santa Fc southwest, began his
plans for tho construction 80 this
enormous project
While one may gain an excellent
idea Of the aims of the reclamation
service by reading Us elaborate and
well-wrltten annual reports, an actual
visit 20 the locnti0n Itself Is hy far
the best means of grasping the mag
nitudt of this undertaking. Leaving
the train of the ~ pnso division Of
the santa BE- railway ~ cutter. ~ NJ,
one Yides across some seven on eight
miles OF the flat prairie of the famous
iornada del Mucrto tJourney Of
Death. which derived les gruesomo
Appreciation from the fact that the
early pioneers Who travelled The old
Albuquerque evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1911-1914, 1911-07-08
ASTHMA cATARRH CURED
Expect Medical Scientists Announce
Startling Results Obtained by

New York July Thousands are
taking advantage OF the generous or
Ter made by the Woodwork Co, il6l
Broadway New York City, requesting
an experimental package Of Senpine,
the great discovery for Asthma. Hay
Fever, Bronchitis, and Cntarrh, which
IN mailed free OF charge to all who
write for II. II IL curing thousands OF
the most stubborn cases. II makes no
difference how long you have been
suffering or how severe the climatic
conditions are where you live. Sen
pine win cure you. ~
II you have experimental with
othsr treatments and have failed to
ind cure do not be discouraged but
send for trial of this wonderful truly
merltous remedy which In a scientlfe
compound discovered by professd
OF Vienna University, aud is being
recommended by thousands
Albuquerque evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1911-1914, 1911-07-08

ployod save as cooks and domestics.
Section OF the reclamation act pro-
vldcs that in AN construction work
eight hours shall constitute days
work and NO Monaghan labor shall DO
employed thereon
Since b. would be- impossible to ac-
complish such an immense prolcc;
without o railway. arrangements have
been made with tho Santa Fe rail-
way by which q track has been laid
from the dnmsitc 90 the main llnc.
forming a junction near Cutter.
Wells 20 furnish drinking water
have been dug. and the river water
FOR other domestic purposes ~ pump
ed into tanks. filtered ana distributed
by pipe lines throughout the camp
Although this river water Is not par
ticularly inviting IN is natural cOndi-
ton. owing to its muddy color, u
needs merely sand filtcrlng 10 re-
move the silt particles, which arc
stirred up from the river bottom by
,hc current and held IN solution until
allowed 10 settle. when the water be
comes clear and good.
Masonry of the Dam.
Completed. the main storage por'
tion of the Rio Grande project az
Elephant Butte viii consist Of steel
reinforced concrete rubhlc dam, faced
with concrete blocks. on both sides.
~ Tho following dimensiOust
Albuquerque evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1911-1914, 1911-07-08

stops itching. Instantly. Cures
piles. cczema, snlt rheum. letter. Itch.
hives. herpes, scables---DOan'a Oint-
meni AZ anv druf store.
Albuquerque evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1911-1914, 1911-07-08

cubic wards.
This will require an excavation iH
the river bed of 3Og.O cubic wards,
ana the NJ, of $50. 900 barrels OF cc-
ment. taking 2.323 freight cars for
shipment or the equivalent OF a train
10 miles long There win bs an out-
let tunnel through the dam contniTy
ing immense steel regulating gates
controlled by hydraulic press,Ife.
which will allow any needed quantity
of water to pass through the river
lat any Time desired
The reservoir behind this enormous
structure viii be 90 miles long and
an average width of 2ia miles. The
capacity OF tn. reservoir will he
9, 100000 acre feet equaling 02.lO6,-
000.000 cubic feet. or 7G7,14h,0 500, 600
gallons; enough 90 flood the entire
commonwealth of Massachusetts six
Inches deep
From the dam To the head OF tho
Mexican canal the ordinary river
channel and It's overflow viii constl-
tute the waterway and from this four
canals viii open AT the four diversion
dDms To carry the water Ia the lands
The main canals and laterals viii be
constructed by the government, sub
laterals with their headgntes by the
water users, although the government
engineers win survey and prescribe
specifications, which must be- adhered
10 on penalty OF forielung the water
rights. These also may be los, by
failure 90 keep such portions of the
system IN good condition.
10 he Paradise.
hmm the eanulaflnu ~ M. plN
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1911-03-10

The FIRST year. after carefully studying the situation notw
standing the fact that the demand was large they only built
500 cars
These distributed in such way and at such points
in the United States would enable them to most successfully
study demands Of the public and determine what was
best not only IN manufacture but In organization treatment
Of dealers and customers well As ne haze seen this eau
Ous plan proved to be ise one We found that the public
demand constantly changing new materials were
being adopted and therefore in position to take
advantage Of all of the latest improvements and to produce
not Re-modeled, Patched Up Car. but Mem One r-to-
date IN every particular.
In the year Of 1902 still in the face Of great demand
we only produced $500 These were ALL success
fully disposed Of and at the beginning Of 1910 when he FIRST
sign Of trouble began to develop with Others we were
enabled to start with CLEAN SLATE, adopting all
the new improvements that had been developed IN
the industry and were not obliged, as were MANY
Of these other manufacturers, to use M OLD
MATERIAL bought TWO YEARS previous. We
sold.
Instead of building factories investing our
money in hundreds of new factory machines we only
added to equipment such things were absolutely neces
sary In other words we have from the very beginning
conducted business upon safe and sane basis-upon
economical lines
Our overhead expense does not exceed so.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1911-03-10

their ss III Re.s : It Pcneer = III
class manv ss thew can bld e : b.t
TT, IT, $500 80 -. IL 80 9 Nc
were wise enough to foresee that b. using business
n,s. ;ns e,s nd; j. = s.ss.a ri
$500 Jsl III w.s - 81 g
he automobile game as i was called that Medium
sJ o. s,d & Il : 800. 1890 80 -.
t;s;ss Ja sas - 49, lua .
her n a : rab a.. eeS la.
$3.50 49, IL 80. 81 80 .sa meue H. sase
s'' 'a'1e = 's 0's'''' aug "se nnaneasy
There were, however, Other men, some with very
little experience in the industry, who thought that
This was such an easv task HAT thew could do the
same thing They Immediately began therefore, to order
material for thousands Of factories 6per g
spped Their material II carload lots b. cores and started
into The business also Such was lie Enormous demand for
cars at that e that for several months these cars were sold
in large quantities. such large quantities IN fact tat II
order to keep ,p With ,he demand uOrk os done 3 tents od
buildings and In fact IN anu nav to pei out The prOduc
Everybody went wild great hurrah Promoters
saw what they thought was better than gold
D0 INFESTED n almost fabulous sums in enterprises pose assets
sonslsted Mostly Of bunch Of blue prints, trade mark
and smooth tongued clever advertisement wrter salesman
During the whole year OF 1908 the public fell for this
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1911-03-10
We have tried to build the best cars that we possibly
could for the money and SILL make fair. leeifimafe

PROM.
Il was not until this year that we have felt that the
capacity and organized conditions Of our business were such
that we could with consistency. conduct large advertising
campaign. he time has arrived however when the
organization the cars the manufacturing facilities and in fact
everything about institution in such condition as to
warrant large and aggressive campaign such as we have now
started
Not until this time has the industry been in such
condition to make it safe with such plain talk
as this but believe that The public nom nows enough of
the business and realizes the situation to such an extent as to
seefo itself phy The automobile business no longer Game,
but has at last ped at the stage wlere n,y - oprietv
be called. an Industry.
Because of our policy consistently followed we are in
position today to offer you in the Regal ne practical
efficient, economical Automobiles at q moderate price
ears which embody all the reEnements and up-to-
date features which possibly be Incorporated at
the price such competitive price as only those who
are using up their old material purchased in 1908 and
1903, can meet.
hat why wanted you know the story Of the Auto
mobile industry wanted you become familiar with
the foundation upon which have but-know what our
plans aewhy Regal cars best suited to your needs
and represent THE BEST VALUE YOU CAN GET
FOR YOUR MONEY.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1911-03-10

Circus Bankers Stock Promoters and High Salaried Singers
Of Rhetoric have been pulling the WOOL The q
ssatements and downright fasehoods have been presented e
the public facts that believe that they viii appreciate
clear exposition the which have now governing
the Automobile Industry
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1911-03-10

TN Advertisement published two weeks ago we were
going disclose interesting facts about automobile
business and We going call spade spade and tell
the truth about things have suspected possibly known
part learned from sorrowful experience.