The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1911-11-26
Foreigners OUR
MAGE-EARNERS
Continued From First PaEe.)

dustry are natiye-white Americans
while three-flfths are OF foreign birth
or the remainder about three-fourths
were industrial workers Of the sec
ond generation, or of native birth, but
Of foreign father, and about one-rourth
are native negroes. There is a higher
proportion of native Americans among
the women wagc-earners than among
the men, 30 per cent Of all the females
as contrasted with only II per cent. of
men being native white Americans
OF the total number of foreign-born
wage earners OF both sexes and Of old
Immigration. the Germans form the
largest proportion. followed BY the
French Canadians, English, Irish,
Swedes. Scotch. French. and Welsh in
the order named
Poles Now Quite Numerous.
or the Industrial workers of re-
cent arrival in the United States, the
largest proportion is furnished by the
Poles. the representation Of this race
being one-tenth of the entire operating
forces OF mines and manufacturing es-
Establishments. The next race most cx-
tenslvcly employed is the Slovak. fol-
lowed by the South italian, which
race. in turn, Is closely followed by
the North Italian. The Magyar
Lithuanian, and Croatian races appear
among the workers In mines and fac
Altogether the representatives of fifty
six distinct races from a part of
the operating forces of our mines and
manufacturing establishments. Thir-
ty-seven OF these races are of the
South and East OF Europe, or of the
Orient. Almost one-half OF all the
wage-earners IN the principal branches
OF industry in the United States are
from Southern and Eastern European
countries.
Races and Industries.
More than three ourths of the iron
and steel workers. employees of oil, re-
fneries, Strengthening and meat pack
Ing establishments. furniture factories,
leather tanneries and finishing estab-
lishments, and wooden and worstcd
goods and cotton mill operatives, to-
Scthcr with two-fifths OF the glass
workers. one-third of the silk mill
operatives. glove factory employees and
cigar and tobacco makers, seven-t enths
of men and women garment makers,
oHe-fourth OF the boot and shoe fac
tory operatives, and four ffths of the
wage earners in sugar refineries are
OF foreign birth. The native-born
Americans hre employed most extern
sively In the manufacture of cigars
and tobacco. collars and cuffs. glass,
gloves. and shoes. the proportion in
tenth 10 one-fifth OF the total num-
Der employed The native negroes. as
might be expected. have their largest
proportions of waSe-earners In the
Southern States. They are engaged in
cigar and tobacco manufacturing, bit
luminous coal mining, railroad and
other construction work and iron ore
mining. a considerable number OF ne
sroes are also employed In the
la 1rrh Z a~in I'D
try of the Middle West. The English,
Irish, Scotch, German, and Welsh wage
earners of tho second generation or
OF native birth but of foreign par
ents, have tho same racial distribu-
ton, according to industries as the
native-born Americans.
Canadians, Croatinns and Others.
Foreign-born French-Canadians are
principally employed in the manufac-
ture of cotton goods, copper mining
and smelling, and in the manufacture
of shoes and collars and cuffs The
Croatians are found In largest pro-
portions in railroad and other con-
struction work. copper mining and
smelling, iron and steel manufacture
ing Iron orc mining, slaughtering and
meat packing, bituminous coal mining
leather manufacturing and Oil refining.
The Cuban and Spanish races appear
exclusively In tho manufacture of
cigars and tobacco. Danes have their
greatest numbers in leather, furniture
and collar and cuff manufacture. BY
far the largest proportion OF the
Dutch arc at work In furniture fac
tories. q considerable percentage be-
Ing found also in silk dyeing. and silk
goods manufacturing plants. Tho Eng
lish and German wage-earners of for
eign birth are In all tho principal
branches of mining and manufacture
ing. tho largest proportions of the
former race being engaged in the MAX
ing of gloves, WOODEN and .worstcd and
cotton goods, and in copper mining
and smelling. while the Germans have
their greatest numbers employed In
sugar refining and silk dyeinG, leather
manufacturing and the manufacture of
agricultural implements and vehicles.
The Films appear In considerable num-
bers only In copper mining and smelt-
| Ing and In iron ore mining on the
Minnesota and Michigan ranges.
Greelss and Siagyars Hard Workers.
The Creek race has Its largest rep
resentation In leather and cotton goods
| manufacturing, and in railroad and 9TH
er construction work. Hebreys have
J by far tho largest numbers OF wage
earners of their race engaged In maxi
| ing clothing, considerable numbers also
being found in glove and shoe fac
tories. North and South Italians are
most extensively employed In silk dye.
ing, railroad and Other construction
work. bituminous coal mining anc
clothing manufacturing. Larger OF
smaller proportions of Lithuaniana are
at work In practically all industries
the highest percentage of Industrial
workers Of this race being In sugar
refining, clothing and furniture manu-
featuring. oil refining and bitumin-
GUS coal mining. M~gyars are alst
we'll distributed. the largest numbers