davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1911-12-21

closely resemble the celebrations OBJ
served OF old in honor Of Saturn or
Bacchus.
The Roman Saturnalia, which &C.
Cured In the winter solstice, were a
season of great festivity and rejoicing
honored by many privileges and ex-
emptions. The spirit of gaiety had
free charter, and even quarrels were
suspended, to be resumed after the
holidays.
AS a manifestation OF the gratitude
felt at the renewed prospects of the
returning march of the sun, gifts were
exchanged and special hymns were
sung. These latter were really the
Roman representatives OF the modern
carol.
At the Saturnalia the Roman feast.
ed, sang and danced, as we do at
Christmas. A ruler or king was ap-
pointed, who enjoyed certain preroga.
tives. He presided over the sports OF
the season. Probably he Is the an
cestor of the lord of misrule, who ex-
ercised a similar power in more re-
cent times.
Merriment was a matter Of general
concern, and the. joyous spirit OF en-
tire districts is now narrowed to fam
lily parties.
It is the touch that makes the
whole world kin, and it is pleasant
reminder that, after all, history re-
peats itself.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1911-12-21
Tbs Christmas Spirit.

But dc.l't you see that there is
Santa Claus! He isn't man in fur
coat. and a reindeer sleigh and all
that, but he is the Spirit Of Christmas,
isn't he? They've personifed that
and made saint of him and invented
legends about him-for the children,
but when we're no longer children and
don't believe in him, we still have
that Christmas spirit-and it's that
that gives presents and makes us feel
toward one another, and makes Christ:
mas what It is.Haryey ]. O. Higgins.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1911-12-21
Christmas Customs.

1t is interesting to
trace the origin OF
festival customs to
those connected with
Druidical superstitions
of classic observances,
and it will surprise
many to learn that
present-day sports very
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1911-12-21

While you are doing your Christ
mas shopping don't forget to buy as
many Red Cross Seals as you feel
you. can afford.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1911-12-21
Not Blessed.

The presents you forget to give to
others who don't forget to give to you
are not 50 blessed. b.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1911-12-21
che Spirit II Christmas.

There is hardly a
festival in the calen-
dar which has such a
hold on the hearts of
old and young alike as
Christmas Day. The
ring of the car bells
and the voices upon
the streets seem to
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1911-08-11
A n. LOGAN, Ma naeer.

situation certainly contains some rea-
sons for disquietude on the part of
A merica. 1t lis against England, how
ever, that the menace of Agadir is partic-
ularly directed. If that port falls into
the armed hands of Germany the extern
siye trade of England with South Africa
and India may readily be attacked and
destroyed. This to British pride is an
intolerable suggestion. England is not
unwilling that Germany should be
bought off by territorial concessions in.
land accorded by France, but no Ger
man warships may coal at Agadir. I'm
der the strain of the situation 90 created
it is evident that the Algeciras agree
ment-which suffered from the fault
that it did not look real facts in; the face
lis going to pieces. Itcannot be patch
ed up; it must be succeeded by new
understanding. There is no sort Of use
in crying, ':Pcace, peace!' when there Is
no peace. The question may be settled
by diplomacy-we devoutly hope it will
be-but it SO it must be diplomacy
which looks out through the muzzles OF
l2-inch rlfled guns, not that they may
be fired, but that they may be obeyed.-
lions Herald.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1911-08-11
SPORTY WATER GRoG. I"

The muddle between the Commons
and the House of Lords in England has
assumed almost y humorous phase. Be-
cause the Lords refuse to do what the
Commons want them to do, the latter
having the political power, propose to
water" the Lords, dilute them to SO
speak. With enough bran new Lords" to
be appointed 81, posedly by his majesty
the king, but really by the premier, I'M
til there enough Of the new material to
make majority 10 favor Of the govern-
lnent measures, Ss35 s3S
II makes US think Of the punishment
given IN the English navy many years
ago when regular eroe ration was :
part of this ssilors' daily receipts. But
when 4 ,nan committed some mis.le-
meanor aboard ship. a. punishmsr /,
instead of depriyinR him of his daily
stlmulant he was given il as usual but
mixed with forty times the qua nifty 81
water and the authorities ssw that he
drank il ali. Srty- " tsr: < work
"a vol % 4 panishment for iack tsrs,
but Il seems fnnsy q api,lY Ii ttos Is -.
gust \ body - the q Ba,I ,Il,sh House d
Lords. ss,ssl
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1911-08-11
Moisture in Roads.

w. G. Palmer, Agricultural Editor
Stone is perhaps the ideal road mater
lal, but it is usually out of the question
Earth roads can be made. The keynote
of success in making them is controlling
the moisture. When there is too much
of IL the earth becomes mud; when too
little the result isdust There is a hap
py medium between these to extremes,
when the soil packs hard. In most soils,
excepting $; ndy ones, it is not difficult
to MAINTAIN this favorable moisture con.
tent. Keep the center of the road high
or so that water cannot remain there.
When it does the result is ruts in wet
weather and in dry weather the sides of
the roads are ground up into dust.
Drainage bitches should be provided
along the road. If water stands there
it will soak under the road bed and sofi-
en- it.
Another important factor is to keep
space OF fifteen to eighteen feet free
from weeds, which, il allowed to grow on
the road, take up SO much moisture
that the soil grlnds up into dust.
N. D. A. G.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1911-08-11

All entries must be made and exhibits
received on Or before August 81, 1911.
The quantity of each sample of grain
sent should not be less than one.half the
size. of the ordinary bundle of grain and
should be carefully tied SO as to prevent
it getting damaged. There should be a
full bundle of fax, alfalfa and clover.
These grains and grasses should be
carefully packed in large boxes, with
sufficient openings to permit plenty of
air to circulate through, SO as to prevent
the grain from becoming heated or mold
ed while in transit.
The larger the variety, the more value
is attached to it. Extreme care should
be- used in selecting, arranging and
packing each exhibit.
The department will simply take the
exhibit from the boxes and display it,
concealing from the judges the name of
the contestant and the county in which
the exhibit was gathered.
It may prove advantageous to the Ok
hIbit6r to have the wheat, oats, barley
rye, speltz and other grains stripped.
This will make the straw brighter and
more attractive. Have each bundle So
curely tied with cord.
All grains and grasses should be ship
ped by express, 80 as to prevent the ex-
hibit being kept in the boxes too long,
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1911-08-11

The Langdon Democrat has Just en-
tered its twenty-seventh year-and we
can remember when it was born. Its
proprietor Andy Koehmstedt was for
merly in the employ of this office and it's
editor Jim Woolner originated in Dray-
ton. The Democrat is one of the most
prosperous and one of the most newsy
weekly papers of the state, though per-
haps one of these statements necessarily
implies the other.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1911-08-11
THE RIGHTS OF THE MINORITY

In olden times might made right.
One of the first signs of advancing civil
izatlon in countries progressing from
barbarism to more enlightenment is the
establishment of courts. Courts we're
priamrily originated as a protection OF
the rights of the weak. While the
majority rules in a republican form of
government in the executive and legls-
1ative departments, in the judiciary that
the argument has no force. The judiciary
is supposed to be above and free from
popular clamor. In all cases of dispute,
in all issues where there is division of
opinion, the mere fact of numbers
should mean nothing to the Judge. In
every such case the minority has inalien-
able rights. before being deprived of
life, liberty or property.
IT ninety nine men vote to deprive an
other man Of life, liberty or property,
that one man has the inalienable right
to be heard ia his own defense. He not
only has this right, but that carries with
it the right to face his accusers, or those
who seek to take away that which he
has held as his own, and by implication,
to hear the testimony of the o:her side,
and be given reasonable time for his de.
fence. Otherwise law and courts be.
come farce, and an Unnecessary part of
the government.
Much stress is given in the Cavalier
Chronicle on the vote in the county-seat
question. evidently forgetting that the
minority has some rights which in the
county-seat petition case we're complete
ly ignored by the court of county COM
missisners. Pembina was refused IN
terms by that board from examining the
petition until after the board made their
decision. This is proven by the fact
that the time Of counting the nearly two
thousand manuscript nam occupied
less than four hours, during which time
t'le three commissioners assumed to
vouch for each and every name there
written as qualified voters and tnat the
signatures were written by the men
whose names appeared thereon.
All Pembina asked then, and all it
asks of the courts now is a hearing on
the merits Of the petition. There has
never been such hearing.
The constitution of the United States
and the constitution of the State Of
North Dakota both state that man
shall not be deprived of life, liberty or
property without due process of law. A
due process Of the law implies hearing.
Pembina has never had the opportunity
Of being heard and was forcibly prevent
ed from being heard by the county
board
Pembina admits that it is in the
minority but it does not admit that the
majority is right. Every body who lives
in Pembina county knows just how Ca
valier got the extra votes necessary to
carry the election. Many of these
things were not legally dishonest but
they we're all the more deceptions and
frald..
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1911-08-11
The Domestic Wheat Crop.

\ The forcing weather of June and July
has brought the spring wheat crop suf-
ficiently near general harvest to sus gest
the relative size of the country's total
production this year. Prospects for Q
bumper crop disappeared ith the pro.
longed drought Of early summer and the
promise for an average result has been
disaipated by the deterioration in the
Northwest.
E With the immense acreage sown last
t II and this spring there has been an
inclination to belittle the effect Of the
abnormal climatic conditions in the be.
lief that losses could not be great
enough to cut down the volume below
an average harvest, even though the
per acre yields were disappointing.
Trade indices, by which industry and
finance is guided, deal IN the aggregate,
and individual or sectional loses do not
count. The area seeded has been the
chief asset for feeling confident as to the
future.
Some modification of the crop out
come has had to be reluctantly accepted
the last week and has resulted in mere
evident unsettled feeling, reflected in u
weaker stock market and higher grain
pric, g. The prospect in the principal
spring wheat states being the determine
ing factor in the total wheat production
speculation has found the DEVELOPMENTS
favorable for the rise.
The market last week reflected the
first effective broadening Of buying in
anticipation Of higher prices based on
the possible spread Of the black rust
epidemic into the northern counties of
the Red River Valley and thence into
the Canadian Northwest. The teudancy
has been to shift rather radically from q
conservative position on the crop situa-
ton to the bysterical stage.
Modification Of harvest estimates has
not, however, been confined to the
United States. Other important sur
plus countries have had their crops re-
duced by an uniayorable season. East
ern Europe will not export as freely as
( it has the last two previous seasons.
which should throw the international
idemand more favorably TO North Ameri.
can markets. Minnea polls Tribune.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1911-08-11

Alas for Alaska. Between the two
donkeys, Greed and Government, the
load of coal. which the country SO sore.
ly.needs, lies undisturbed. Nobody but
rich men will or can put money into de-
veloping the great coal fields there, but
because these rich men will not spend
money without prospects of getting big
returns the government won't let them
go!ahead. And it remains cold day
for the Alaska people.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1911-08-11

may have to be economical for while,
but the mortgage is off the farm. AS
for Crystal, and other nearby towns in
the neighborhood of Cavalier, they will
reap what they have sown in increased
taxes and loss of trade. But Pembina
is not and will not be responsible for
that. Cavalier may have the court
house, but it will take Crystal a long
time to discover where and when that
will benefit Crystal. But it won't be
long before Crystal will find out who is
payingdor the court house In Cavalier.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1911-08-11
Thirty Years Together.

IL.
Thirty years of think OF it.
How the msrit of : gcod thing stands
ont 10 that time or the worthlrssness
.oi : bod one. So there's no Ruesswork
80 this evidence 81 Thos Ariss, Concord,
Mich, Who writes: Il have used DE-.
Hfng's New Discovery tor 50 years, and
III the estconSh md cold scare eses
No.. 1ncs sit iands entrsuce 81; i hoI,las
~ - 4 pry itsoslt. llany I'm. ilies gss
sit II pst eass. It'e tho u et iRfalli.
~ llsl nsdiei1s oa slsth.
y ps 4. lsEs ippe, = T. \.
u er spIe I'M q lice 4 e,
4. IN y
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1911-08-11
OFFICIAL PAPER OF olTy
1850, oa.oo PE0 AaTNvA
"a. wardwell. 6. G. Thompson
Ah1wELI = TnO6Pson
Morocco the Egypt Of the West.

In order to understand the back.
ground of the Moroccan situation, it is
necessary to pay attention to the geo.
graphical position Of the Shoreefian EN-
pire, and also to that complexity Of in.
terests which makes it, like Egypt, q
conditioning factor Of European peace
and prosperity. It bears the same re q
tion TO many problems in the west that
Egypt does to those Of the East. It is
moro than pawn in the European
game-it is q prop Of the European
political system. While Egypt has di-
rect connection through the Suez Canal
with Asia and beyond, Morocco has q
face turned toward South America
Peopled with q mixed Berber and Arab
race, whose nature worship has been
.hinly CLOSED with formal Mohammed.
anism, it has shown no initiative or i'm
pulse to advance, or to breed statesmen
out Of its own mass. The lifeless lump
has, therefore, been left for the diplo-
mats Of Europe to stumble ovcr-since
il was inevitable that the turn of Moroc-
co in the Europeanization OF Africa
would finally come. as the colonization
tendency found expression more and
more. into the Moroccan situation
5have entered a. factors England, whose
representative in = way was Kaid Sit
Harry Maclean, France. with her weak
..pacitic penetration" !" policy, Spain, with
/ her campaign in the Riff region and
more lately at Lara ;he. and still more
lately Germany, with her little Pan
ther"swinging at anchor OF Agadir. In
spite of u the ''self denying clauses oi
various treaties. the Powers have man.
aged to resch for the Moroccan plums-
sor. moro precisely, dates.
Germany denies with q wink that
she is desirous of overseas dyminions,
md yet i proving her greed for new
4tertitory by activity in Samoa, 10 China
il Africa, and now at Agadir. The
choice 81 this natural Sharbor Tor nov
thAASsst V19s1Ws1kvS5UC1&SsS0 0SS0 U&5e7U tlJtgS
nth great t.slill. Tor II n not only on the
tlantiss but = perhsp The best harbol
alorg the Nhple coast 10 Morocco. i
gpafda the apploseh to the eion D
6ns. Nhich q known Is l,e rich 81 miner
pfee Il cannot Is rid e IS in IS,
hers ol ints swh,ch either spain d
~ plolts ont ~ sitssIf. bnti
M sllifeetIy ~ M Mslel III,
~ MI snd "a. ma tths lJ1,ted tas
81 |ssIgISSls = Il nsassl pprt 4,
y u llls l sisa tbe y
'5 81 M lsl I y ss 4 iI,il q Ils l A
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1911-08-11
Grain Prizes.

The Agricultural Department of the
state of North Dakota offers the follow
ing cash prizes for the largest and best
collection of grains and grasses raised in
any one county during the year 1911:
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1911-08-11
Emerson Branch.
ooooOOOOoOOOoOo
Official Directory

:. y $ Senators q = GcGnmber SsSHna !
U s REPRESENT + & Hanna !
tatives HT Heleeson
Lieutenant GOvernOr-uLRu l. Rurdick
Secretary of State-P D Norton
state Treasurer-Gunder Olson J
State Auditor-D r Brightbili I
naissioneTs y y 4 4 ssnarman saaa !
Supt Of Pub Inst-El Taylor
Com Com qf Al 1nsuTsRssM e naSoTM GaH1os Giibfeath
Judge, s:... 8: $$;: a e:;'.- $|:;s'"
Judge 7th Jud. Dist-WJ ] Kneeshaw {
STATE SENATOR'S
LIST Dist-Judson LaMoure. Pembina
I'd Dist-Christ Ganssle. st Thomas J
REPRESENTATIVES, I
ChasEdwards Drayton {
LIST District 1lJO'Connor St Joseph
md District-H GeiRer Hamilton I
COUNTY OFFICIALS J
States Attorney-Wm McMurchie I
Clerk Of Court ID Winlaw I
Sheriff. ] Foster I
Auditor-Wm. ". Felson I
/ Register Of Deeds--Geo ROadhouse I
County Judge-H 6 Wick
Surveyor-Herman Campbell
Supt Of Schools-Isabella A Burley I
Coroner-Dr f. NJ Burrows (
Public Admin'r-Elis ThOrwaldson I
(1st-A B Purdy, Toilette
co,,,,+,, 2nd-y K Olafson, Gardar I
Eo.,,rs EEon,ry 3rd-N Matheson. Crystal I
70" g 4th-los Eorin, Neehe I
6stbhoa1cns ns5f!sS6 e!sde6y69nnt| R5eysS2
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1911-08-12
HANDS WOULD
BURN LIKE FIRE
Could Lay Pin in Cracks. -Four Long
Years Of Eczema, Only Reliefin
Scratching. Used One Set
of Cuticura Remedies.
Hands Entirely Well.

Il can truthfully say Cuticura Rene
dies have cured me of four long years
Of eczema. About four years ago 1
noticed some little pimples coming on
my little finger, and not giving it any
attention. it soon became worse and
spread all over my hands. IL ! would
have them in water for e long time.
they would burn ike Gre and large
Cracxs would come. / could lay a pin
In them. Aftes using an the saives I
could think q. I went 10 three ciferent
doctors. bni an did nae no coed. Ihs
only relief 4 got was scratching.
So after hearing 50 much about the
wonderful Curcura Remedies. / pur-
ch6scd one complete SET. and after using
them thrae DAYS my hands we've much
better. To-day my hands are entirely
wen. one SET being al ] used. fSicnedl
Miss Eta Narher. IS. p. n. =, SrrinE
Lake. Mich.. Sept. 26. 1910.
No stronger evidence than this could
BE- gwen Of the success and economy q
the C1ticIra Remedies in the treatment
of tortnrtrc distiClriuE humors of the
skin. a single hot beth with CutiCura
Soap ard gentle anoiniing with Cuts
cura Ointment ARE often sufficient 70
aTcrd immediate relief in the moss dis
trfssinE cases and permit rest and sleep
whe1 81 else iaiis. Cut.ciira Soap and
Ointment are squalls Effective ln pre-
serving. rurifvinx and heautfying the
skin. scalp. hair and hands.
AlttouEl Cutic1ra soap l25C.l and
Cuucufa o.rfmclt lsoC., are sold
tlroughout the world. a iloer1i sar1r4e
cf eas.h. with So-r book on the skin ard
scalp. Will hc n1is4i ftl-. on arrifcat5en
90 Poser Drug A lteA. Corp. Dept-
IN. Boston, Mas.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1911-08-12
HISTORY Of
1907 PANIC
BROUGHT UP
Banker Witness Makes Some
Surprising Declarations Con-
CeTnlOg Money Crisis
fRv 4 AssocIated preaal

Washington D. G.. Aug r. Oak
leigh Thorne, president Of the Trust
Company OF America. which became
involved IN the financial panic Of
1907. the affairs or which have been
linked with the taking over Of the
Tennessee Coal and Iron company by
the United States Steel corporation
at that crisis. followed George w.
Perkins as a witness before the
house committee Of inquiry into the
affairs Of the steel corporation
Mr. Thorne forcibly declared, CON
traTy to the testimony given by Mr.
Perkins and many other witnesses
that the Trust Company Of America
was not the achfef sore point OF
trouble at the time II was neces-
sary to save the brokerage firm Of
Moore n cchley
He surprised the committee with
declarations that undue attention
had been directed toward his com
pany IN that crisis and he denied any
knowledge Of the Information testi-
fled to by Mr. Perkins. that the TAX
Ing over Of Tennessee Coal and Iron
company by the steel corporation to
save Meoro & Schley from ruin, was
dependent upon the bankers OF New
York raising money to save the other
horn Of the dilemma, the Trust Com
pany of America and the Lincoln
Trust company
Mr. Thorne was examined in de-
tail relating to a public statement
given 70 the press October %. 1907
and attributed TO Mr. Perkins. in
which It was declared that the "chief
sore point OF the panic was the Trust
Company OF America"
He declared that Immediately fol-
lowing this a run on his bank occur
red, and that the run in one day took
out $i3.500.000
For this, he admitted, he had con
aulted counsel as to the advisability
Of suing for damages persons he felt
responsible, but that he was deferred
by the necessity of seeking more
money from the bankers of New
York in order to prevent collapse ot
his institution
That his financial troubles were ia
any way involved in the difficulties
OF Moore & Sobley at that time. he
emphatically denied.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1911-08-12
RAILROADS. OFFER
Santa Sc May Give Wheat Seed Again
20 Farmers


Whether or not tho Santa ne Rail
way company Will furnish seed wheat
free to the farmers within shipping
distance Of its lines in this state is
being considered at the present time.
according to officials of the compang
here The Santa re did this once.
and last year in this state the Santa
Fe allowed the farmers 10 give their
notes to the company and pay for
the seed wheat after the cron was
harvested This was Santa Zee
scheme IN Oklahoma aud the Pau
handle and is said to have worked
successfully u Is said the Rock ls-
land company also has the seed
wheat proposition under discussion.
and Ii Is the general opinion that
some plan VIII be devised whereby
the different railway companies viii
come 10 the farmers aid From sey.
eral sections OF the state, il is learn
ed there Is a CRY going 40 for free
seed wheat because of the crops that
were lost this year During the last
Week the prosecuting attorney OF
Texas county at Guymon, turned
down a proposition as illegal. % bond
The county for $4,000 with which to
buy seed wheat for The farmers
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1911-08-12
HONOR ROLL.
F0R ROLLING
MILL CROWS
NONRESIDENT Property Owner
COm8s Through with Check
to Aid Cause


The committees at work on
securing subscriptions for the rolling
mil proposition are increasing the
total daily and look for success soon.
some citizens OF Guthrie might be
taught a lesson in civic pfide were
taey permitted to read the letter
sent 70 w, A. Rayson, secretary Of
the chamber Of commerce. yesterday
afternoon FRO mChandler, incloslng a
check from Darwin Filtsch an owner
of Guthrie property Ia his letter
MIR FfHsch stated that he was inter.
ested III the future Of Guthrie, and
wished 10 do something towards the
boosting. He learned Of the enter
prise through the columns OF the
Leader and wrote Immediately en-.
closing his check. The subscription
list ais II now stands Is an follows.