davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The evening world., 1911-09-04

m8' MOr0 thai tWO-thtTus OF tnOxu
wore men. 0pt there were several
thousand women in the ranks.
The Women's Trade Union League
was represented in the parade by . float
representing Life and Labor" At the
last minute the design Of this float was
made more elaborate than vas at FRI
intended. Instead Of only two women
the float had the two ome a. central
figures. with hands clasped on h high
est Of three tiers. and on the next tier
were grouped four women and or the
lowest six more ome
LEADERS FRoWN UPON ANY
TOUCH OF ANARCHY.
Nearly evsry union in the line was
distinguished by a special uniform. Some
Of. h more rabid members showed .
touch Of the Anarchisic red. n glar.
ing scarlet fiags were In evidence In
several places. The spirit Of The
Marseillaise'' was evident In some quar-
tiers, but most OF the leaders were In
lined to frown down any such tenden-
Giles.
The approach 81 work on the new SUBJ
ways brought out q strong representa-
ion Of the Tunnel and Subway Con-
'tructors' Union n the locals Of en-
~;ineers. The housesmiths, s~ycavators
and allied trades also made a good
showing. %
Another feature Of the parade was
the MoNamara division. led by julius
Gerber. This division assembled on
Fifty-nrst street, east Of Fifth avenue.
under the direction Of the organisation
collecting funds for the defense OF the
Mcnamara brothers.
Among the Inscriptions IN the banners
carried by this division were legends
protesting against the tyranny Of the
Post-Office Department for enforcing
against the Mcnamara partisans the
same regulations which nave been In
Cross n Christmas and other special
stickers resembling postage stamps
which are put on letters for the benefit
OF a particular movement or sentiment
and which, according to the postal au-
thorities, confused postal clerks in MAX
Ing cancellations.
There are only two unions on strike
In New York just now-the marble
cutters and the architectural. on
workers-and these are not looked
upon a. threatening serious trouble.
The Sailors and Firemen's Union OF
Great Britain. which won the recent
strike in England, paraded for the hrit
time in this city. With them were
members OF the crews of the Adr1atic.
Caledonia and other British ships In
port. They carried . banner reading;
The seamen of Great Britain
have beaten tho Shipping Federa-
tion. What the seamen Of the
world do?
The Woman's Trade League had a
float made partly OF PAPER maohe and
decked with bunting and white muslin
bearing a handsome child in, a chair
holding a doll. II symboiixed hatred
OF child labor and a plea for play and
school for the child.
Among the lighter features OF the
display which pleased the crowds was
a bulldog hat marched most soiemnly
with the housesmiths. He was dressed
In a jacket resembling their blue and
tan uniform and all the way from Fifty,
ninth street TO the Arch carr wing a
short-stemmed clay pipe cooked up IL
the corner of his mouth.
The evening world., 1911-09-04

SYRACUSE. \. V. Sep. i-The Labor
Day parade In this city was the largest
ever seen here. There We're over 5000
men In line. Each Of the marchsrs wore
Q Mcnamara button.
The evening world., 1911-09-04
CERvERAS FLEET Z
MAY Be FL0ATED,
ENGINEERS SAY
HulkS Sunk Off Cuba's South
Coast Worth Saving,
They Report.
ALL BUT COLON LOOTED
-Four FathomS of Water Pro-
tect One BattleShip From
Vandals.
BUT COLON LOOTED

SANTIAGO. cuba. Sept. i.-Presldent
ialts recent message To Congress ask
ing that 1t be determined whether tn,
Spanish men-of-war sunk In tie BATH.
OF Santiago thirteen years ago should
be given away. and Secretary KNOX,
opinion that the wrecks belong to the
United States, rave revived speculation
here as to the possibility OF relocating
the ships. Engineers VINO have studied
the location OF the three battleship. and
two torpedo boats think salvage is prac-
ticablc and would warrant It's expense.
seven miles west Of the narrow mout,
to Santiago harbor' lies the FIRST OF Ger
vera's bottled-up battlcsnips. the Almi-
rante Oquendo. She is beached in tis
breakers of Juan Gonzales. with about
one-tnird OF her hulk visible above tns
white caps. Long ago she was Stripe 4
Of every portable article by wreckers
who braved a watery grave for the
prizes she was reputed to have held.
They o everything they could pry
loose. including. report has II. many
thousand golden coins from the ship,
safe. Recent inspection has shown that
the Almirante Oquendo was looted OF
even the copper riyets which held her
fixtures in place.
Admiral Cervera's flagship. the Viz
caya. lies eight miles further down tho
rocky coast. as much a victim OF the
Expectations OF ocean junkmen as the
Oquendo. A third of her form breaks
the land line and It Is believed that there
U.ntfIl hA p tlx,.l, man. AIN .ia.
In recovering her. with other ships OF
the Spanish fleet, although she would
be worthless. 1t is thought, as a vessel
OF war.
MAY FIND TREASURE ON THE
COLON.
Nearly two hours sail from the Viz.
caya, at Rio Torquino. forty-etght
miles from this city. is the third of tho
four Spanish ships, the Christobsi
Colon. The Colon has been preserved
from the hand of the vandal by -four
fathoms OF water above her. Locked
In her safe there II said to be a large
amount of money. Aboard her MOTH
ing has beens disturbed since she was
silenced by American guns and run
ashore to prevent her capture. The
water 10 comparatively deep at the
point where she lies and the land rises
abruptly from the sea, a sheer precipics
81 considerable proportions. Her SAL
vago probably would be the most din
cult of the three, engineers assert.
The history OF the fourth vessel OF
rhe fleet. the 1nfanta Maria Teresa, II
well known She was noated by Lieut..
Richmond T. Hobson OF Merrimac fame
and lost of Cat Island in the West In
dies while in tow of an American war
vessel on her a to an American port
during a squall. Engineers have de-
clared her not worthy a second at
tempt at salvage.
The two secondary vessels OF Ad-
miral Cervera's fleet, the torpedo boats
Furor and Pluton. lie submerged not
rar from the harbor entrance. The
safe OF the Pluton and easily portable
articles from her deck and cabins have
peen recovered. The Furor Is pnAc-
ucally undisturbed. Both lie in COM
paratively shallow water.
The evening world., 1911-09-04
EVERY UNION IN THE GREATER
CITY REPRESENTED.

Every union In the Greater City was
epresentod. and as evidence Of the
strength of organized labor every ar
Gle Of clothing worn. every wagon or
,loat, oven the shoes OF the horses, In
act, everything, bore the union label.
The largest single organization in the
procession was the Cloakmakers'
Mon. llcrmaA Grossnan, organizer
the union, predicted that there would
e 5000 OF his members marching.
nj while that number was much
lrser than actually turned out. the
AoaSmakers nsd3 ~ impressive show
The evening world., 1911-09-04
N ATTACK ON THE UNIONS At
TRIBUTED TO J. p. MORGAN.


J. Pierpont Morgan. making him say,
with a violent oath. that labor unions
must be wiped OF the earth. and a
couplet reading:
III the McNamaras die
Twenty million working men Will
know the reason why"
II was noticed that while some Of the
paraders folded the circulars carefully
away for future reading. a great many
merely glanced at them and tossed
them aside.
Detective Burns, select your next VIC
tim from our ranks was the Invitation
OF one body OF Cloakmakers. The Gar
mentmakers had a number Of bdg Amer
lear flags carried along the curb. life-
net fashion. Behind them walked men
carrying placards exhorting union sym
pathizers to help insure fair play for
the McNamaras by throwing contribu-
lions into the flags to be added to the
defense fund. Some of the flags sagged
heavily with coins varying from half
dollars to nickels when the bearers
reached the arch.
The police took a number OF the Debs
circulars and sent them to Police Head
quarters for the inspection of Commits
sioner Waldo 10 that he could give Or
ders for the guidance Of the police "
such literature should be distributed
hereafter.
There was a brave display Of the Now
York leaders at the head OF the parade
on horseback: = their control of their
mounts compared favorably with that OF
the police escort which pirouetted ahead
Of them in a glittering line across the
broad pavement.
In the advance group were Grand
Marshal Matthew McConville with his
aides. Secretary Of the Labor Day Com
mlttee John c. Hilsdori and his COM
mltteemen, Assistant Grand Marshals
James l.. Holland and Edward Gould
and their STAINS and President Thomas
!, Curtis and the Board of Delegates OF
ne Central Federated Union, including
COMMISSIONS of Licenses Herman Rob.
nson and Samuel Prince. This body
swung out OF line Just above the Wash
ngton Arch and backed their horses 10
the curb on either side of Fifth avenue
to review the procession. They were
erected with repeated volleys of cheers
rom the m%archers and a tempestuou,
waving OF flags,
No accidents We're reported and Chiel
Inspector Schmlttbcrger n Inspector
Con Hayes In charge of the police ar
engagements said that the entire absence
OF intox!cation by the paraders anC
spectators was "A big object lesson ant
a fine example to paraders in othel
causes or on other holidays,
The evening world., 1911-09-04
sHlRTWAisT MAKERS RECALL
THE TRIANGLE FIRE.

The shirtwaist makers carried black
trlangles in memory of the Washing
ton Place tragedy of last spring, They
also had banners reading:
The evening world., 1911-09-04
MU[T|TUDESL LINE
AVENUE AS WOMEN
JOIN IN PARADE
CONTINUED from First Page.)

TO Reason the labor paper ~ tn
extreme Socialistic wing. II was heade,
by One OF the Few Men Not Afrai'
to DIE" and signed by Eugene ". Deba
Among other things Debs wrote:
The legal machinery of Morgan.
G%uggenheim and Company has been
set to stretch the necks Of the Nc
Namara brothers until they are
dead. They are not to b& tried, but
killed. The conspiracy was Matched
in Wall street. These men have
forfeited their right to live because
they have stood between the union
and the Billion Dollar Trust. which
threatened to reduce their members
to poems"
AN ATTACK ON THE UNIONS At
--.---~ - = -
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1911-01-31
UrIqtn ot Goal.

Ccal Is of vegetable origin. When vegetable matter accumulates under water 1t undergoes q slow process of decomposition. giving off its nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen and some carbon. the result of which if carried far enough is the formation of a mass Of carbon. poat. found often in swampy eraets. Is tlc first stage in the coal forming process, and the fIrtfcr stages @re formed hy thc burial of these vegetable aelsesits under Sreat loads of sediment where they beccme subject to lEes@ure and s"Gletimes to heat. This cfecc!s n Ns'.'ies. of changes consolidation and }a#@ of a&f@enl and gives series of pgo 7Hrf% whose na- ture doncnds oa thP feGHee to which the original yegcta'ie matter has hern changed T'hc pre@n"ts ar" l.f7oWn as lignite, bitumiloIr; rn.5i 5:.t aathraet.s; coal
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1911-01-31
HAVE YOU TRIED PAXTIM 7; The Great Toilet Germicide2

You don't have to pay 50e or s1.00 2 pint for Historian antiseptics or per oxide. You can make 16 pints of a mo: cleansing, germicidal healing and deodo. izing antiseptic solution with one 25c box of Paxtine,-a soluble antiseptic powder, obtainable at any drug store.
 Paxtine destroys germs that cause disease, decay and odors,-that is why it is the best mouth wash and gargle, and why it purides the breath, cleanses and preserves the teeth better than ordinary dentfrices, and in sponge bathing it coin- pletely eradicates precipitation and other disagreeable body odors. Every dainty woman appreciates this and it's many other toilet and hygienic uses.
 Paxtine is splendid for sore throat, lafiamed eyes and to purify mouth and breath after smoking. You can get Pax ,ine Toilet Antiseptic at any drug store, price 25c and 50c, or by mail postpaid rom The Paxton Toilet Co.,, Boston, .,4ass., who will send you a free sample f you would like to try it before buying.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1911-01-31

State Land Office after 1914 merging it with bureau of Public Highways and Land Surveys, but Land Commits sioner Dye says his office is a con- stitutional one and cannot be abolish- ed by legislative enactment. In the Senate there is a doublebarreled
 proposition that Is attracting a great deal of attention. Senator Keel has a bill, read once, to abolish the Tax Commission and refer it's duties to the Railroad Commission Senator Coyingtou has bill, read twice, to abolish the Railroad Commission as a useless expense. He asserts that the Commission has never benefited the shipper one iota and that if he
 can not prove freight rates are higher now than they were when the Con- mission began work on them, he will withdraw the bill. That one or both of the bills will be enacted into law seems certain, although the members of each Commission appear secure in their position. =.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1911-01-31
 MAXIM'S MAXIM.
Modest Claims Often Carry More Gen.
 yictiOn Than Loud Boasts.

When Maxim, the famous inventor, placed his, gun before a committee Of judges, he stated it's carrying power to be considerably below what he felt sure the gun would accomplish. The result eff the trial was therefore a triumph of surprise instead of dis as it might have been if he had overestimated his g6u S etfi- ciency.
 Our claim regarding NeW5ro's s Her pieide is based on actual scientific facts.
 If living germ is causing your hair to fall out it's the mos seasit le thing to kill that germ.
 Newbro's Herpicide does this quick ly and effectually. Destroy the cause you remove the effect.
 Sold by leading druggists. Send 1Ue in stamps for sample to The Herpi- eide Co., Detroit, Mich. One dollar bottles guaranteed. Bedell's Phar- macy, special agents.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1911-01-31
FUNERAL OF LATE
 R. B. ROTTET
Be6y asF Pine BIuffian Laid to Rest With Impressive Services at
 Evansville, Ind.

Evansville, Ind, Jan. 30.-The re- mains af R. B. Rottet, who died at Pine Bluff, Ark, Jan p. arrived here an Friday morning The burial took piaea aR Saturday morning from the home oF his mother-in-law, Mrs. c. Granddaughter, No. 1924 Cherry strses, at T:30 o'clock and St. Mary's Catholic Church at o'clock. Inter- ment took place in St. Josephs ceme- teEy- Tha Dau bear.rs were JDhn WeIsnupf, Elmer Miller, Clem Kolller will Mace, H. w. Seini H. Dickman. all tnfa time friends of MT. Rottet who was former resident of this place. but has been living at Pine Bluff for tnR last seven years. He was an accomplished musician and was the 1eaEar af the Pine Bluff Merchants Band.
 The bug1e "farewe1f' call, by MT. A. H. Eauinan as the remains of MT. Rofbet were being lowered into the grave was very impressive.
 Mir Rottet was we'll liked by all who knew him and had a host of frienlfs as his many beautiful floral offerings showed. He is survived by his write who was formerly Miss Lil- fan Eamelspacker, also his mother, xix brothers and four sisters,
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1911-01-31
EKDS WINTERS TROUBLES.

To many. winter is a season of fTcsahia~ The frost bitten toes and fingers, chapped hands and lips, chil- DlafUs, cold sores, red and rough sk'Fs prove this. But such troubles fly 1afore Buck1en's Arnica Salve. A trEss 0onvinces. Greatest healer of BEsnss Boils, Piles, Cuts, Sores, Brui- seF, Eczena and Spraings. Only 25c at all druggists.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1911-01-31
iyl.s i-,;a- =. ,.


 There is q story ot q man who ~as so transported with joy as he stood up at the altar rail to be married that his thoughts reverted to a day whca he stood un at tic lr.sener'3 b2g i.l , court of justice 10 plead guilty CT not guilty" to q criminal liarge. So pow2rfeily di'' that, the most painful event ef lis fife, obtrude itself unGn his miud that when the clergyman put the question, Wilt thou have this Wo- man to be thy welded wife?" and so on the poor distracted bridegroom nn- swereG with startling distinctness, Not guilty so help me"' From Tuck ernnn's Personal Recollections."
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1911-01-31
Eis praWbac ok.

.~They tell me-" said the junior part ner, that the man to whom we nave been sending so many bills belongs to a rather fast set"
 "Well," answered the senior partner he may belong to the fast set, but he,f. q slow settler. ."-Exchange.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1911-01-31

Thermometers for incubators and
 breeders. Tiger roofing for your houses and net wire for your runs at moderate prices. See us-Cleve- land Matthews Hardware Go.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1911-01-31
ABDIaITIONIsTS
 ARE AT WORK

Lftfle Rock, Jan. 30-The abolition Ets are busy in the legislature, but those most directly concerned do not appear to be worried over the pros pecs- Representative ToIer has a bill fn the House to abolish the
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1911-01-31
A Real SretfY Excuse.

Bessie's Mother-Bessie. did you let that MT. Snuggle have kiss? Bessie Yes mamma. He said it would be d goodby kiss. and l was just dead anx- ious to have him go.4Puck.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1911-01-31
A QUEER UNIVERSITY.
Cairo Has the Worlds Oldest Eduoa-
 tional institution.

"When we think of Harvard or Yale, the former dating from 163S and the latter from 1701, we think of them as old universities" says writer in the American Educational Review; but when we pass to the other side of the world we discover that even the oldest American universities are in reality very young &2stftutions.
 "The oldest educational institution in the world is the University of El Ashar, Cairo, founded !n the year 0SS by the grea. Sdla,liA.- 1t is the central seat of learning for the whole Mo- hammedan world, as well as q foun- tain of spiritual life. It occupies an ancient mosque In the Arab quarter of Cairo, surrounded by confusing maze of rArrow streets where the population Is made up of representatives of every race that follows the prophet,
 "The old mosque covers several acres and consists of series e9 courts sur rounded by long cloisters with low roofs supported by forests of columns. The floors of red tiles are covered daily by multitude of men and boys, squat ting In senlicircles around their teach CTS, who sit with their backs to th@ columns featuring In monotones.
 "The chancellor of the university is always 2 descendant of the prophet and Is usually a man of ability and learning. He occupies apartments in Fl Asha. and IS not only the supreme educationa. but the ecclesiastical head Of thc church of Egypt
 There Is 10 organization similar to Chat in modern universities. Any rep '.table man who desires to teach can obtain the privilege by application and ts - .,--tI..-2c. -2c. column where he may sit
 =. .3ror, t',o ruth as he thinks roper Ills fame or ability will at- teaat n"ra or less students and dis ttp'es. wap pa. him fees according te .s.ttr ,ltea ns.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1911-01-31

The indicious reader of judicious' ad vertisements always gets more than his moneys worth. - Florida Time Union.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1911-01-31
Chi ppendale's Own.

''Is It genuine Chippendale?'
 "A bsoiutely, sir" ''But this looGs like a crack rigll aeross''-
 Done by Chippendale himself, sir, in a fl of rage when he heard tue union had called the men out" = London Punch
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1911-01-31
The Other Was Important.

Two great desires of my life have been gratifed. One was to go up in an airship."
 And tic otherT'
 ITO get safely back to earth." ."-Ex change
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1911-01-31
rlfynu |-f'( or P; .f'..f'<..}~f

=ll0BiLliI( or i7'.F@',,}.-t
 f ci.hcr raq cr ucF.7" '''o'' f realize the l5It no~tr q 1'.9,5'7- beatty it IFS. ho ly c...e1..I., ..1,,,, T C. bic thouslHs and hoe@s aad p;.; poses, by having so.3e5ii.isis5 to do and =some97;pg to live for thas IS worthy of humanity and which by expending the capacities of the soul gives expansion and symmetry to the body which contains it.-Op- ham.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1911-01-31

s~..-....si n .:e f"71.
 ]. ea"t1,..eoa z, a.l~'a:.n,s . :sene"aI ;:la;. s:: tnH=ns' hi@. #.l:'t he wanted him to do "Ynr ,.i'l have to clean thc wisda4"s and thc l,oots and the Knives and eo mesea~ea. chop wood. cut short gross. mind the horse and pony. look after the garden and keep the house supplied with vegetables and do any old job that is required. and if suitable you will get 10 shillings a week.
 'Is there any clay in the garden?' asked the man.
 What makes you ask that?' asked the gentleman.
 'I was thinking 1 could make bricks in my spare time," said the man, London Mail.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-09-22
Dane 10 Gross Ocean
In american Bip1ane

OF American make ard expects to fly
a. the rate % about IS miles an hour.
The steamers stationed At intervals
across tho OCEAN wiz BE- equipped with
landing stages and apparatus for gen.
Grating wireless current. which will
. pp'ant gasoiine IS motive power FOR
BIS engines. thus enabling him. he
hopes. 20 make continuous flights OF
unprecedented ltreth. Rv the same
means he expects - communicate
With his auxiliary ships by wireless
telcRrarnv
ln case of accident the Danish air.
man believes Thar be- can notify ths
rearcsr ship o. bis flight and then By
means Of pontoors. rifh wh.ah his b.
rianc viii be equipped. keep anoat I'M
90 rescued
The precise daf, fcr starting the
fighf has not bocr settled.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-09-22

DEPENDS
HIS VETOES
Says Oisap2roved Measures Did Net
Represent Amount Of
Protection.
cRiTIcIsEs coNoREssMEN
WHO ADVOCATED BILLS
Makes First Utterance Of Reciprocity
Scoffina at Talk Of
Annexation.

KALAMAZOO. Mich. Sept. 2I.-
President Taft brought to a close his
fNir day swing through Michigan here
tonight, and headed for the west. Ills
last day in Michigan found the presi-
dent speaking aad visiting in Grand
Rapids. Battle Creek. and Kalamazoo.
The Grand Rapids tdcl eSs was c.e OF
me presidents set speeches on the
tlriH and his veiCes OF the wool.
cotton and tanners free list Ills: in
Ea'il. creek. he talked Of Canadian
recipfccitE and laid tire annexation
bcgie, and ne wound up The day here.
win 4 speech on peace and arbitra-
ton
IN every town visited. today. there
w'rc ne same crowds eager to see
the prcs'ic"r ;na' he has enccuntereu
everywhere through the state The
speech IN Grand Rapids Was deliver II
IN a uriz2Ilng rain, from d stand erect
ed in Campau square. but severe.
thousand people listened atrr.'i,oi.
IN spite of the discomfort In Rq-tic
crock the president talked 20 tho
largest crowd so FAR on his trip Son.
ator TowLsoEd. Cf Michtean. who fn.
iroduced the pre- osideut. estimated
That there were 40.O1U people packed
tcontinued on riatL vsge)
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-09-22
LANCE PROPERTY
REPORTED LEASED
Paul Keith and &. r. Albee Spend the
Day In the City Negotiating
With Owners.
NO DEAL ON FOR ANY
OF TIE OTHER THEATRES.
Splendid Playhouse Practically As.
surred-The General Film Com
psny interested.

That Wh'elirg is soon to have a
first class vaudeville theatre Is C,i-
G"Uc-d hy tho we'll founded report
thar ih. Keith interests hav, leased
cor term of wears the Iaugr prop
'riy az the corner OF Fifteenth ara
Market streets. According 10 'he ro-
port. receive az late hour last eve
ming. after the parties af interest he'd
icft the cIty. fhc Great Northern pool
room and an other tenants of tho
building Will hc compelled tu move.
and that IN The course OF o.. next
'rw months rho walls of the neV
fut.vi'ie theatre vii be iu course ot
erect .ou
N'sr- Paul Keith. son OF NJ ori-
lIual theatre man. Sir b. = Keith.
and E AIt... general manager u,
20" United Nook ing office arrived 'u
lie c.fr yesterday morning aad s.r
tL- greater la.t O. tf, u.. N..o
urar'rred af tlo Mcclure. They tnIk
'n rho m9t.nec- - th" local .',afr.s
in th" at"rloon. and in .rc o,.,t,s
they "er. 90, guests o. Narae o.
iaf'"- s. F.li .cI of 'tt" Nr.n 60
and Court tr-a'rrs. ard seemed ,o-,
much Interested iu ftc evteil.u' man.
ncr In which tho-, p,lyiGu ,. e."
r.rduc''.
during -h" dav lt vas s.1;eI r, r,.-.
.oi Na1 Pad seen o., p.rtio- BE. 1901.
hrth aud Ai.c. uar. . conference r
With Nr FreI lals.. lnI 90 ia also
understood tI7' arrIucemcut- i.t.
boon nr for some 'rc. 70 i. reported
fIHf fhnt uu'. |ft. ..u fn. r4ff.u. f..