davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-05-19
BoWERsvILLE

Elizabeth Rempel returned home
from Portland, Saturday.
A. r. Cadle, Of Portland, was
business visitor here last week.
d. H. Rempel is helping A. G. Rem
mel with his barn near Polk Station
Mr.. and Mrs. Crowley and daughter
Vivian. were Dallas visitors Saturday
Ruth Pierce, who has been in Brit
ish Columbia. is at home on a visit
Miss EfHe Hickerson, Raby Aeuf
and Mrs. Rucker visited at the stin-
net home. Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. ]. G. Diehm and fam
fv and ]. II. RempeI visited Mr.. and
Ms G. ]. Rempel recently.
The following were visitors at tbs
CadIe home Sunday: Dr. and Mrs. B
n NcCaIion and son. and ~. and
Mrs Ike Yoakum and son. Of Dallas
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-05-19
EAST cola

G. M. Stewart made a business trip
to Ballston last week.
Thomas Holman made a business
trip to Dallas last week.
Clarence Stewart Of Dallas, is
training hops in the Yoakum yard.
George Cromley and sister, Sophia,
of Astoria, are home on a visit
Mr.. and Mrs. John Bones, Of Airlie,
visited his mother Grandma Mason,
Sunday.
Mr.. Landon made trip last week
to the Gold Creek mines, where he is
interested.
A hop buyer was In this neighbor-
hood last week. wanting to contract
for 20 cents.
I. Yoakum, of Dallas, is quite fire.
quent visitor here, looking after his
hop interests.
Mrs. Emil Carlson and daughter,
Norma, attended church and visited
friends in Dallas last week.
Miss Nola Trent has gone to Me-
Minnville for an indefinite stay with
her sister, Mrs. John Coffey.
Misses Helen and Gertrude Litch-
field, of Salem, visited their sister,
Mrs. Thomas Holman, last week
Sunday school was resumed last
Sunday. Only few were out, but the
interest made up for the lack of at
tendance.
Forty-two cases Of measles have
been reported here this spring. School
has resumed, but some of the pupils
are still too sick to attend.
Mrs. William Antrican visited her
relatives, Mr.. and Mrs. Chic Trent, at
Broadmead last week. Mr.. Trent, who
is in very poor health, left with his
family for his old home In Tennessee.
Jack Williams. of Salem, is the en-
gineer for Mr.. Landon, who has the
contract for grubbing 80 acres of bot
tom land for the Eola Livestock Com
pany. The work is being done with a
donkey engine.
Eola has family Of four genera
tions, all living right here. They are
Grandma Mason, her daughter. Mrs.
G. M. Stewart, and Mrs. Stewards
daughter and granddaughter, Mrs.
Grover Farmer and little Alma Farm
er, respectively.
Mrs. William Schuett passed away
at the family home here, Friday
morning, May ~, at o'clock. Mrs.
Schuett had been sick for the past six
weeks, with a complication of dis
eases, heart trouble being the imme-
diate cause of her death. She was Sc
years old and was the mother of nine
children, four sons preceding her to
the grave. She was good neighbbor,
faithful wife, and a kind and loving
mother. Those left to mourn her loss
are her husband, William Schuett,
and children, Misses Eta, Rosa and
Mary, and Reynold and George. The
Reverend Kramer, of Salem, preached
the funeral sermon, and the remains
were followed to their last resting
place by large concourse Of friends
and neighbors, among whom she had
many friends. Many beautiful floral
offerings were received. The family
have the sympathy of the entire COM
munlty
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-05-19
PEDEE

Mr.. and Mrs. Stowe visited at
Lacey's last Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lacey were at Kings
Valley last Friday
Sunday school will be held here next
Sunday at 10 a. m.
Rex Womer is hauling logs for
Rowley and Burbank.
Jesse Yost and family visited at
viii Bushs last Sunday.
Alva Womer sold a team of horses
to a Monmouth resident for $3.50.
Fred and Tommy Simpson, of Al
bany. visited their sister, Mrs. Eta
Bush, last Sunday.
RowIey & Burbank and the Bur-
bank Brothers have several trainers
in their hop yards.
George Heron, of Independence,
visited last Monday and Tuesday at
the home Of VIII Bush.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-05-19
GoosENECK
r. Knox has returned.


S. Miller Is working on the road.
sherd Braley was in Sheridan last
week.
Dave Giger has bought a new auto
mobile.
John Finn has been out after a load
OF grain.
Uncle Dave Meador was In Buell.
this week.
sherd Braiey r. nearly through with
his hop training
Mr. wray was seen on the Greek re-
Gently with his auto.
Mr.. Magma has been helping
sherd Braley IN the hop yard
Mr.. Mcneil and Uncle Dave Aeador
have been working their bees
Afr. Emmett vas up from Portland
and returned with his baby boy
Mrs ID. r Emmett D. Etil o. tne
hospital. where she IL Improving.
Mr. and Mrs. Paui had visitors from
sheridan. Saturday and Sunday
The walker boys and Iamfert chl-
drsn have been working Tor sherd
Braiey.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-05-19
LUCKIAMUTE

A E. Tetherow and family were
Monmouth visitors. Sunday.
F. n. suver is surveying the streets
of Monmouth for macadamizing.
Mr. and Mrs F. \. Suver went 70
salem Monday. to visit Mrs suver's
sister.
Thomas and Clifford IAmpitt at
tended the ball game at Fails city
sunday.
P. Green has the lumber on the
GROUND for his new barn. and viii also
reuodeI his house
y. stump IL preparing the ground
for Is acres Of kale and eaulihoWer.
.,s also for 50 acres Of clover.
z A. PaEsnkOpf supervisor oi
roaa district. is Erubbing and prepar-
irx 70 put IN a large nm on James
HIfIhrsnd's place
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-05-19
HARMONY

Ivan Dickey and Almore Flynn
made trip to Deer Creek, last week.
Mrs. A. A. Mclean and Miss Mabel
Archibald visited Mrs. Lynn Jones one
day last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. A. Mclean and son
took dinner at the home OF William
Mclean, Sunday.
Miss Nina Graves spent Saturday
and Sunday in Sheridan, visiting
friends and relatives.
Mrs, DR.. Huffman and son, Elmo,
of Portland, are visiting at the home
of her sister, Mrs. c. Blair.
Miss Made Blair returned Thurs
day from Portland, where she UNDER
went an operation on her throat.
Irwin Archibald and family. from
Waldo Hills. are here visiting at the
home of his uncle, James Hayes.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-05-19
Presbyterian Church.

Services Sunday. May 21:
Sunday school, 10 a. m.
Morning service, IL a. m.
Christian Endeavor meeting, pm.
Evening service, p. m.
DR.. C. H. Dunsmore, pastor Of the
Church at Independ-
ence, will occupy the pulpit, morning
and evening.
You are cordially invited to worship
with us.
EDGAR w. MILES. Pastor.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-05-19
sMrrHFIELD

Diehm has bought a hne
piano. n,n=more are
- sbeep for s 7. smith
- - of Mt Lake. Minneso'-'
b. visitne his brothsr-in-i-~'
> 80 1--'-.fs,h. Margaretha and DieiI -. -
-. visitors 81 5. 7 sllith >
Monday. 10 has
teen In Portland. F.'s'
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-05-19
socialists, Picnic.

A grand basket picnic will be held
under tie auspices Of the Socialist
Party of Polk County in the city park
at Dallas, Saturday, May 27, to which
everybody is cordially invited. Speech
es will be delivered by Howard Fl.
Caldwell, of Ohio; B. f. Ramp, of
Brooks, and Lloyd Ramp, of Port
land; and various other attractive
features will be added to the program.
ID. A. DENMAN, Local Secretary
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-05-19
tied her sister. Mrs.so- =. Dennis, last

tied her sister. Mrs.sO. =. Dehnis, last
week
Mrs Martha Powell. Of Medford, Il
visiting her niece, Mrs. Jolly.
Il. Fl. Jolly started the first wood
wagon to Dallas this season.
Andy Toby is preparing to plant ar
acre and half Of sweet corn.
Preaching services were held at the
Oakdale school house Sunday.
Tom Wright and family visited G
W. Reece's, at Falls City, Sunday.
Mrs Joe Murphy has been laid ur
several days with sprained ankle.
G. A. Bruce is hauling wood to
Bridgeport and shipping it to Salem
Clarence Sellers and family visited
Joe Sherwood's on the Boise place last
Sunday.
S. d. Eaton, Of Pendleton, farm
ers' union organizer, visited Lert Mil
Ter. Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs, James Hubbard visit
ed last Sunday at the home of Mr..
and Mrs. Hugh Smith.
Frank Arnold is working for his
IdtleF dI the ldlIer nome D6lOW Oal-
las His mother has been helplessly
sick for the past three weeks,
Alvin Kimball and family, of Rock
Creek, are visiting his mother, Mrs.
Malinda Kimball, and his sisters Mrs.
Ida Robinson and Mrs. Mary Thomp-
son. They expect to make a trip to
Portland before returning home.
A surveying crew is at work this
week locating a railroad line from
Bridgeport station through the old
John Nichols and Farley places to the
rock quarry owned and shortly to be
developed by the Portland Cement
Company.
The following have been training
hops in the Jim Hubbard yard: Joe
and Tom Wright, George Stroud, Will
liam Bird, Clarence Brown, Jim Sher-
wood, Sam Brimhaugh, Henriette
Bird, Mrs. j. S. Macomber, Miss Allen,
and Mrs. Fritz and son.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-05-19

picnic dinner at IL. and ball game
in the afternoon. Everybody is in
vited.
Everyone is invited to the big picnic
to be held In Branson's Grove, Low
er Spring Valley, tomorrow, Saturday,
May 20. Speeches. music and games.
and picni dinner at noon viii make
the time pass merrily A ball game
will be the attraction in the after
noon. Prizes to the amount OF $3.50
have been offered in the various ath-
letic contests.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-05-19

Among the cargo on the steamer
Pomona for up-rIver points last even
timber, to be used in spraying hops.
1t was in the form of eight-foot sticks,
ranging from two inches to foot or
more in diameter, which were import
ed from South American forests. The
wood VIII be cut into very small chips
and form the principal ingredient OF
spray liquid, to keep clean of ver-
min some of the large hop yards in
the vicinity of Independence Salem
Statesman.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-05-19
Danger for Dallas PeopIe--Appendi-
citis.

Many Dallas people have wind or
gas In the stomach or bowels, sour
stomach or constipation and do not
know that these are symptoms Of
chronic Appendicitis which may any
minute become acute. They should try
simple buckthorn bark, glycerine. etc,
as compounded in Adler-i-ka. the new
German Appendicitis remedy-A SIN
GLE DOSE viii bring relief Conrad
stafrin. druggist. Dallas. states that
the QUICK action OF Adler-i-ka is a
constant surprise to people.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-05-19

Mrs. Hill. of New York City. one of
the national organizers Of the Wo-
mems Home Missionary Society. de-
livered an address at the Methodist
Episcopal Church Tuesday evening, on
the subject of Home Missions"
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-05-19

walter Murphy ir In poor health.
Fountain Murphy Is sowing late
grain
Tom Card Is suffering from sore
throat
Bruce Miller is preparing TO build a
barn
Don Miller Is working at the Mar
tin min.
Fred Hughes IL making var on the
jackrabbits
Mr. W. L skIpton. Of salem. vis-
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-06-02
Notice For Bids

The Township of Underwood
and the village of Underwood
Jointly advertise for, bids for the
following road work, between Sec.
ton 20 and 81 and 20 and % I'm.
derwood Township, cut and fill
amount of dirt to be moved about
1000 Gu yards, bids to be received
by Township clerk of Underwood
N. D. up to (noon) IL o'clock
June 3rd 1911. Successful bidder
must file q bond for twice the
amount of bid for the faithful per.
formances of said work according
to contract.
Board reserves the right to re-
ject any and all bids. Work to be
completed by August 18th 1911.
Plans and specifications on file
at clerks Office. Bids to be by
|cubic yards.
G. W. Cannon, Twp. clerk. j.
p. Miller, Village clerk, P: o. Ad-
dresses Underwood, N. D..
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-06-02

anything to say about it. They
applied for pardons but the presi.
dent says the laws must be upheld
when they effect a rich man even
more than when they effect the
poor. The truth is" he said, "that
in the mad rush for wealth in the
last few decades the lines between
profit from Legitimate business
and improper gain from the undue
use of trust control over other peo-
pies property and money has
sometimes been dimmed and the
interest of society requires that
whenever an opportunity offers,
those charged with the enforce
ment of law should emphasize dis
tinction between honest business
dishonest breaches of trust"
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-06-02
JUNE 2nd., 1911
Things That Never Happened

The Congressional Record is re-
ceiving its share of knocks. In
the last Saturl lay Evening Post
under the title The Senator's
Secretary" the following is clipped:
And ninety-nine out of a humid
red of these taking statesmen,
either publicly or privately, have
denounced and do denounce the
press of this country for its un-
reliability, its tendency to fake,
and for the publication of articles
that do not represent things as
as they really are. Any time it
becomes necessary to tell the truth
about one Of these patriots, they
go straight up in the air and de-
nounce the ''venal and corrupt"
public press and the taking cor
respondents" And there never
vas a publication in this country
of any standing whatever that
printed so many things that never
happened as the Congressional
Record, maintained by these
patriots at the public expense and
circulated at the public expense.
As a record of what happens in
Congress, it is a fraud, A men,
Der gets up and makes a speech or
has a colloquy and passes word to
the stenographers that the copy
must be revised. So the stenogra.
pher delivers to him a transcription
of his notes and the member re.
vises and rewrites and edits and
amends and pads-fxes over and
strikes out-and then his stuff is
printed and is franked out to the
folks at home as what he really
said on an important topic.
This has been going on for
years, of course, and will go on
for years to come. The debate on
the farmers free list was so per-
feet an illustration of the fake and
the fraud of it all that it seemed
pertinent to call attention to the
subject at this time. Still, it may
be just as we'll. If the Congress.
sional Record did carry, as spoken
the speeches Of the bulk Of the
members of the House for ex
ample, the people would have ever
more reason for wondering wha'
is the use of Congress then they
have now.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-06-02
Tho Way charIem.sn. Wa. Buried.

Tho Way charIemasne Was Buried.
Charlemagne died in the forty
seventh year of his reign and the
fourteenth of his title emperor Of
the Romans" He was buried at
Aix-la-C hapelle. His body is said
to have been disposed of in the fol-
lowing manner: He was seated
upon a throne of gold, clad in his
imperial habits. He had a crown
upon his head and was girt with his
sword. He had a chalice in his
hand, the book Of the evangelists
upon his knees, his scepter and gold
buckler at his feet. The -sepulcher
was filed with pieces of gold, per-
fumed and sealed, and above a tri-
umphal arch was raised with this
epitaph: "Here rests the body of
Charles the Great and orthodox en-
peror, who gloriously enlarged the
kingdom Of the French and gov
erned it happily for forty-seven
years."
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-06-02

The members of the commercial
club know that Washburn is not
enjoying a good name. To learn
that thoroughly it is only neces-
sary to visit the nearby towns.
That people abroad do u%otproperly
understand the situation and real
conditions here is a fact, but des.
pite that the bad features are al
ways being Haunted in the faces
of citizens when they are away
from home, in one way or another.
There is a way to remedy the evil
and the club is respectfully asked
to start the ball rolling.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-06-02

playground or accepting an offer from
some private citizen who has been
generous enough to offer one.
"Happy Hollow" a magnificent play
ground Of Philadelphia, was present
ed to the Fairgrounds association by
Mr.. and Mrs. E. w. Clark. Jr. The
playground, with its beautiful grounds.
it's wading pools and playhouse. is
one of the finest in the United States,
If not in the world. and cost more than
100000. Mr.. Clark presented the
grounds without any stipulations, and
the only. restricting provision was in
troduced at the suggestion of the as
ISOLATION, that the property shall be
used forever for play purposes and
shall always be open to the public.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-06-02

The Atkinson Globe says that
when a popular society gives an
entertainment you must either
take part or buy a ticket. It has
been the experience of many a
newspaper man to do both and
then dig up about $25 worth of
free advertising.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-06-02

The Garrison Independent gave
Washburn and its harbor another
advertising boost in its last issue,
which everyone in this vicinity
appreciates.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-06-02
Another Ruling

All who apply for citizenship
papers after June 20, must be able
to give the name of the vessel in
which they reached America and
after September 26 they must
have a certificate of landing which
is furnished each immigrant ad.
mitted by the department of CON-
MERGE and labor.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-06-02
Not a Cheap Skate.

They were seated at the break
fast table.
"John, DEAR" said the young
wife, "this is my birthday"
"1'm glad you mentioned it, dar-
ling" rejoined her husband. s1Il
buy you a present the first thing
when I get downtown"
"Well," she said, II hope you
won't get any cheap ninety-eight
cent affair.""
"Of course I WON'T" he replied.
'tWhy, I would be ashamed to pre-
sent you with anything that coet
less than a dollar"
Press.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-06-02
A MENACE TO RETAILERS.

BUYING Exchange Threatens to Take
Business From Small Merchants. >
It is a question whether or not the
buying exchanges can be made to sup
plant the jobbing houses and the
wholesale establishments. says the Ag--
ricultural Southwest. In certain lines
it may be, possible to make the ex-
change a power, but in general lines
it appears that it will be a difficult
matter to improve upon the establish
ed system Of distribution. In fact, the
manufactures cannot well maintain de-
pots directly under his own supervi-
sion in the different distributing points.
Neither can the manager Of an ex-
change establish warehouses at all i'm.
| portant points and carry in stock goods
for distribution. This would be mere
" a multitude of wholesale houses I'M
| der one management and would not
be any improvement over~the present
system, but rather a menace to the re-
tail trade.
1t ia possible for q dozen or more
stores to combine and do purchasing
collectively. In fact. this is nov a plan
pursued by a number of western con.
Germs. But we venture to say that as
an economical proposition the buy
ing exchange will not be found more
advantageous than the established sys-
TEN of from manufacturer to jobber
and from jobber to retailer. a system
that is the outgrowth Of a few thou.
sand years Of commercialism. s
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-06-02
NOTICE TO CREDITORS
In the Matter of the Estate Of
Erva Royce Deceased:S

Erva Royce Deceased:}
Notice is hereby gwen BY the undersigned
Edward W. Hyatt execntor OF the Last VII! oi
County Of Courtlandt and State Of New York,
dec ased, to the creditors Of, and all persons
having claims against. said deceased. TO- ex.
Eibi, them with the necessary vouchers within
-four months after the first publication Of this
notice to said Executor at Homer, r.. ito
C. F. Maennel, Attorney, Washburn, N. ID.
Edward w. Hyatt, Executor
c.. F. Msennel.
Attorney for Executor,
Washturn, N. d.
First puolication.o on the sssh day OF Nay \ 4 4;
D. 1911. 4SSl
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-06-02
PLAYTIME AS WELL AS
SPRINGTIME IS HERE,
Many Towns Without Recreation Gen.
ters-Have We One?

The warmer the weather gets the
more do the children want to play.
But where a they fro!ic aud run
about as they like? Almost every
town il this country. including
own, is confronted with this question.
Some have answered the question al
ready by either providing a public
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-06-02

The two prominent bankers
convicted and sent to federal peni.
tentiaries under the national bank
ing laws, will have to serve their
whole terms if the president has
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-06-02
State of North Dakota In District Court
County of Mclean }Sixth Judicial District
John.G. Maloney, Plaintiffl

John Koth, Fred O. Koth, Martin
W Xs;Ss Wn $s$n ca ssSas53 a1d IT, e. Summons
poration, Defendants,
D~efendants:-
You are hereby. Summoned to Answer the
complaint in the above entitled action. which
District Court in and for the County Of Mclean
and State of North Dakota, and to serve q cory
of your Answer to the said Complaint. on the
subscriber at his office in the City of Wash.
burn, in said County and State within thirty
days after the service of this Summons upon
you, exclusive of the day Of service. and In
ment viii be taken against You By default fol-
the relief demanded in the Complaint.
Dated at Washburn, North Dakota this 18th
Geo. r. Gibson. Attorney for Plaintiff.
1872 Washburn, North Dakota.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1911-06-02

The Amateur Gardener.
III I don't hurry I shan't get my
garden watered before the rain comes
on."-Pele Mele.
The weekly messenger. [volume] (St. Martinsville [i.e. St. Martinville] La.) 1886-1948, 1911-02-04
Saturday the nth day of
March 1911,

the following described property. to- wit
That certain tract of land or planta-
ton with all the Improvements thereon
situated in st. Martin Parish. Louisiana,
measuring one hundred and thirty ar
penis or more. bounded North by land
OF Mr.. Francois. South bv land Of Mr.. j.
B. Levert, East by land Of j. p. ManOn
& ais. aud West by lands of Martin &
Berard; also the q of the E1a of the S.
W, Il of section 8 in 7. 10, S. X. = +.
containing forty acres. also the u of the
W. 4 Of the N. f. Il Of section (threeJ
3inT. 8 S. R. 8 f. containing forty
acres, all in st. Martin Partin. La.
Seized to satisfy said above writ.
Terms and conditions Cash.
Sheriff's Office this LIST day Of February
A. ID. 1911.
A. Z. BROUSSARD. Sheriff
The weekly messenger. [volume] (St. Martinsville [i.e. St. Martinville] La.) 1886-1948, 1911-02-04

Louisiana, each having thirty three (33
feet front on MoutOn Avenue, by which
they AR. bounded Oh the North: aud
bounded on the South by property Of
V'nhur, East by Church lot. this day
donated 10y Vendor llrrein. aud West by
the property Of Bcnjamin BUTLER. The
said thrcr lot, being brttcr Described IA
lots forty one az forty twn az and
forty three 49, If "A plat Of survey madr
Of the prospective Town of St Paul by
Stanley GuilbJau. surveyor. and annexed
to an act Of sale from Paul Melancon To
Amelie Narc.sse III this Parish in 1903.
Srized to satisfy said above writ.
Terms and c0nditions-Cash
Sheriff's office this 18th day of Decem-
Der A. ID. 1919.
A. T. BR0USSARD, Sheriff.