davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1911-08-27
FIGURE 2.
COMET klESS.

the early evening, with a moderately large
telescope, although 1t will probably at no
time become SO bright as the comet kiess
was during August.
AS will be seen from figure 4. the earth
is at present overtaking and hence draw
ing nearer the comet. September 1 the
two bodies will be but 52.O0O,O0O miles
apart, and the comet will then appear to
us eight times as bright as at the time
of it's discovery. At no time will this
comet approach SO close to us as the
comet Kiess did, for August II the lat
ter comet was only 1900. 900 miles away
from the earth. The apparent daily mo-
tion of the comet Brooks over the sky
is therefore very much less than that Of
the comet kiess. The path of the former
comet is shown on figure l.
Every comet is thought to be a great
swarm or cloud, composed Of meteoric
particles, various gases. cosmic dust and
matter in radiant condition. This
cloud. drifting through space at a won
derfully great distance away from our
system, began ages ago to feel the pull
OF our sun and to drift toward that body.
Had the cloud and the sun both been at
rest when the motion began the comet
would, of course. have fallen directly on
to the sun. But as both were in motion.
the latter with a speed Of eleven miles a
second, the chance Of this ever happen
ing is almost infinitely small. Instead.
the comet will miss our sun and swing
Evening star., 1911-08-27

many artificial lakes and ponds. with
restful hooks everywhere.
At the gates of the palace are stationed
two gendarrnie, day and night, while at
the entrance to the palace proper there
are two more soldiers stationed during the
entire twenty-four hours. This Is all ac-
cording to the ancient pomp and ceremony
so common in oriental countries. 1t rs
claimed to be necessary to show the rank
Of the person occupying the building.
y II
terror of Teheran buildings, even Of the
shahs palace, is to be described as taW-
dry and unimposing, the same cannot be
said of the interior of the palace. where
such words as elegant, splendid and mag
nificent may be employed. Yet some
reservations must be made even here, for
the palace of the Sum- in the midst OF
a garden full Of trees and artificial lakes.
presents in some respects an incongruous
mixture OF the rich and useless.
The throneroom Is. however. really
magnificent Here is to be found the
famous peacock throne. brought from
Delhi, covered with gold and precious
stones. that has been valued as high as
$4,000, 900. All of the recent Shahs OF
Persia We're able to amass enormous for
tunes owing to their absolute control of
the revenues a condition, however, that
will no longer obtain. The crown jewels
of Persia, for example, have always been
regarded as among the most magnificent
in the world, with two Of the largest dia-
Evening star., 1911-08-27

is thirteen years old, and a national as
Senbly or congress, is tangled UP with
three great powers-Germany, which IS
trying to build an extension of the Bagdad
railroad to Teheran; Great Britain, Wnlch
in October last landed marines at LIN
gah, on the Persian gulf, and almost 81
multanepusly threatened to take posses
sion of the southern caravan routes, ana
Russia which still has her troops in the
northern section of the empire, in the
neighborhood of Tabr1z, Ardebel. Resht
and Khasvine.
Menaced by such conflicting interests,
statesmen say Persia could not well
accept financial advisers from London.
Berlin or st. Petersburg. and realizing
the desirability of adopting modern
civilized methods of raising money
and spending money. she naturally
turned to Washington for advice and
assistance in the selection of compe-
tent men for the work.
The political chessboard in Persia to-
day is peculiar. In 1907 the long stand
ing suspicion and enmity between Great
Britain and Russia over mutual opera
tions in Persia was brought to an end
by an agreement limiting the spheres
of their respective interest, Great Bri-
tain taking as her sphere the Persian
provinces adjoining the Afghan from
tier while Russia agreed to limit her
interest in Persia to provinces ad-
joining the Russian frontier.
-
Great Britain's interest in Persia is
clear enough. 1t is not only of COM
mercial character. but also because po-
litically she cannot afford to risk a
closer approach of the strong Russian
power to the British India empire.
Russian interests on the other hand
are not SO clear. 1t is claimed she can
hardly be hungry for more territory.
xr.hS1 D,,c In,
cial way. dormant for so many years.
only awakened long after aggressive
steps had been taken in Russia.
Turkey also has her hand in the pie,
while Germany, which has manifested
such lively interest of late in west
ern Asia. manifests intense irritation
at the progress of British and Russian
domination of Persia Persian affilia-
tions have themselves been divided.
So there 1T is in a nutshell. Great
key, all waiting for the Persian nation
to go to pieces like hungry dog to
grab a bone, each hoping to get the
lions share of the pieces
Persia Is today hardly more than a
sepulcher of what it once was Any
ancient glories of the Persians, their
invasion Of Greece and the marches
Of the great Alexander. OF the ancient
conflict between the Greeks and the
ciSIdHS dI lTtDiZOHu, Wnere AenO-
phon with the Ten Thousand finished
their retreat.
Teheran, where the Americans are now
living. is not an old city. 1t became the
capital Of Persia only 125 years ago, and
Is little more than a mushroom in the
ancient empire Of Iran. Not far away
from Teheran, however, are great mounds
that are said to mark the site of the
ancient capital of Xerxes and Darius, that
was flourishing city contemporary with
Babylon and Nineveh. The city. although
nearly 1900 feet above the sea, Is far
from being an ideal summer resort AS
dry as the desert Of Sahara, the heat of
the summer months ranges from 95 to 11O
degrees in the shade The Persian court,
the diplomatic corps and all the wealthy
Evening star., 1911-08-27

the comet were nearly 64.0OO,OO miles
apart. 1t will be noticed that while near
the highest part of its path the comet
was moving almost directly toward the
earth and this was probably the origin
of a report that we we're to suffer col
llsion from this visitor, an event which,
in any case, when we consider the enor-
nous distances that lie between our
earth and even the other nearby worlds
of our solar system is almost Infinitely
unlikely to occur.
From figure 3 it Is evident that, as seen
from the earth, the comet must have ap-
peared to move rapidly downward and
toward the right over the sky from the
time Of it's first discovery. The path
which it apparently pursued among the
stars. while it remained in the northern
heavens, lis shown in figure ,. Even early
in August 1t could be seen with pair OF
opera glasses, though with some diff
Guilty. As 1t and the earth drew nearer
together 1t grew brighter, until 1t finally
became visible to the NAKED eye. 1t has
now unfortunately passed so far below
the plane of the earth's orbit that it is
Evening star., 1911-08-27
A Skeptical Visitor.

From the Chicago News.
Flying has come 'in' with such a rush
that it seems rather hard to reconcile
some to the actual fact Of a man navt-
eating his aircraft through space. OF
course. the stories Of the adventures OF
aviators in unenlightened places of the
world are we'll known. Especially the
recent troubles OF an aviator in China,
who escaped barely with his life from a
mob that hungeted to destroy the unholy
spirit of the air.
But the heather Chinee'' is not alone
in his doubt of the aeroplane as the re-
mark Of one old visitor to the aviation
field a couple of days ago would indicate.
The old fellow had been brought by his
nephew, who is interested in the develop
ment of the aeroplane
The old man had visited hangars.
watched the machines tuned UP. and
finally witnessed several flights. He said
not a word until near the end of the
DAYS flying. Then, rather disappointed
at the lack of interest. his nephew asked
what he thought of the achievements of
the plane.
..Humph." shifted the old man: don't
try to tell me that they'll ever be flying
around in those machines. I don't be-
lieve they are dying. even though see
EN- dying" -.--
Evening star., 1911-08-27

around it, as shown in figures 3 and 4,
finally receding into the depths or space
never to be seen by us again.
The beautiful planet Venus, which
shone so brightly i'm the western sky for
many months. Is just now passing into
the morning heavens. September It
sets almost exactly due west about forty
minutes after sunset. and on account or
it's great brightness may be detected
very near the ground in the twilight glow
just after sunset. In a telescope 1t will
then be seen as a wonderfully narrow.
silvery crescent. September Is 1t will
pass to the west Of the sun and become
a morning star
Il
The bright planet Jupiter has now also
moved just beyond the borders of our
chart. but this may still be seen low in
the southwest in the very early evening.
1t is now near the lower star Of the pair
of stars known as the Balances. the up
per star of this pair being shown at A.
figure l. The planet is moving slowly
eastward and downward. and will pass
to the east Of this star September "A. At
this time the two bright objects will ne
but one-half a degree apart. The decid-
edly greenish star with the golden Jupiter
nearby will form a beautiful figure In a
small telescope.
The wonderfully Interesting Saturn.
with its remarkable rings ana ten little
Evening star., 1911-08-27

monumental evidence OI the tlicieHcS
of that body.
"And i'm the line of constructive work
there should not be forgotten the success
full and admirable labors of the present
regent, Nassir' ul Mink. in revising and
forming a thoroughly modern and equi-
table budget, with great saving to the
revenues ot the country. This task alone
will stand out in the annals of the
achievements of modern Persia as worthy
of the highest praise Yet it should be
noted that all this has been done not
withstanding the absence of necessary
means and the presence of manifold OBJ
stacles, one of which alone-the lack of
sufficient funds and the numerous ca uses
which interfered with securing them
would have made any achievement what
ever an impossibility.
1T is the usual custom of some peo-
pie of the western world to compare
Persia today with western countries in
their march toward progress. and, find
ing Persia wanting in some respects, to
pronounce the Persians effete and inef-
ficent. This standard is not a fair one
by which to judge Persia. The country
is richly and abundantly endowed with
mineral resources. almost none of which
have been developed, and there is not a
single railway in the whole country, a
country which is three times the size of
France.
While Persia is now organizing a
public school system and placing her
educational institutions upon a modern
basis, which cannot, however, bear fruit
in the immediate future, 1t should be re-
membered that until the present era there
have been no modern schools with a
liberal program in the cities. Only one
institution based on western lines of in
struction has been added TO the numer-
Gus native colleges of philosophy and
ancient wisdom. These and many other
points taken into consideration will
clearly show that what is now looked
upon in the west as New Persia's fail
ure' is SO insignificant when compared
with her achievements that no fair
minded person can fail to see the truth.
Until recently IL has been the habit
of some western writer's to describe the
Persians as a race of mere dreamers and
mystics, but surely the practical doctrines
Evening star., 1911-08-27
BY PROF. ERIC DOOLITTLE
OF the University Of Pennsylvania.
TWO New Comets, One
l Coming at the Rate of
Eleven Miles a Second-The
Return of Saturn.

-HE evening sky is now filled
with the beautiful autumn con-
stellations. The wonderful sum-
mer branch of the milky way
forms golden arch which
passes from the south to the north, ex-
actly through the highest point of the
heavens. while Hercules. the Driver and
the delicate Northern Crown cover the
sky in the west. AS the striking summer
group of stars known as the Scorpion
sinks in the southwest the beautiful red
dish royal star. Forrnalhaut, emerges
from the ground in the east. The slowly
turning sphere has again brought the
great Andromeda, with its wonderful
nebula. high up in the heavens. The faint
group known as the Ram has again ap-
peared In the east. but not until next
month will the Bull, the first of the
bright winter groups, enter the evening
sky.
But the most striking features of the
heavens during this month aye doubtless
the return Of the wonderful winged planet
Saturn, and the unexpected appearance
of two interesting comets. which have
drawn near us from the depths of space.
Two of the strange visitors known as
comets have recently swept In toward
our sun. and both Of them as they stead
lily Journey along in their paths are still
quite near our earth. BY comparing fig
ures 3 and the reader will readily See
that though these two comets happened to
draw near our sun and so to become Wis
ible In our skies at the same time, they
have really no connection with each
other. They come from widely different
portions of space, and after swinging
around our sun will draw away from us
In almost exactly opposite directions.
The first of these comets to be disco;-
cred was most interesting one both on
Evening star., 1911-08-27

shining far down among the southern
consultations. and will never be seen by
us again.
The other comet was discovered July 81
by DR. w. r. Brooks of Geneva, N. Y.
This comet had already passed high
above the plane of the earth's orbit when
it was first seen, and, as is evident from
figure 4. IL will continually move higher
in the sky and toward the right as seen
from the earth during this and the fol-
lowing months. 1t will therefore remain
In excellent position for observation in
Evening star., 1911-08-27

terval is increased to one hour and ten
minutes by the rapid eastward motion or
Mars among the stars. BY midnight
both of these planets are high In the
eastern heavens, in excellent position Tor
observation.
The faint. distant Uranus is moving
slowly westward and southwark in the
constellation Sagittarius, in the position
shown in figure 1.
Evening star., 1911-08-27

and the comet will therefore hereafter be
known by his name
The closed curve of figure 3 represents
the path of the earth about the sun.
while the large open curve shows the
path pursued by the comet. The visitor
swept in toward our system along the
path XA. and passing above the plane of
the earths orbit reached the point A.
which was it's nearest approach to the
sun, June 30. At this time the sun and
Evening star., 1911-08-27

X
Snow-capped mountains, 1900 feet high.
stretch along the edge of the plain where
Teheran lies, city that while essen
TALLY oriental is yet the strangest mix
ture of ancient and modern, of the east
and the west. There is the native quarter
of the old city. with it's covered bazaars.
threaded by thoroughfares which may be
travelled In carriages, bordered by shop
like booths, open to the streets.
But the business of the thriving and
bustling city long ago Overfiowed the
limits of the baZaars and native shops
are to be found in every direction. Con-
trasted with the native quarters. with
their caravans of camels and donkeys,
are the avenues Of the European town
wide. lighted by gas and occasionally
even by electric lamps. with parks sur
rounding some of the more powerful en-
bassies. But as a rule the aspect of
Teheran is not imposing, from the old
walls and their gates decorated with
gaudy tiles of crude hues to the public
buildings that boast of similar decora-
tions, and the usual native house whose
low roof is made of mud
There are many beautiful palaces in
Teheran, and one of these was assigned
Mr.. Shuster and his assistants upon their
arrival at that place. This palace is
claimed to be one Of the most beautiful in
Teheran. 1t is surrounded by vast parks
on all sides, while in the parks there are
Evening star., 1911-08-27

THE success of the New Persians did
not end with reconquering their an
cient birthright from the former des-
potic regime, but was also followed
by constructive work and organiza-
tion," continued Mr.. Khan. Although
hampered by terrible obstacles-among
others the lack of funds-the new re-
gime soon after it's inception sent an
army to Ardubil in the north to drive
away the rebellious Shahsavans. Be-
cause of the national zeal OF the troops
of New Persia, they succeeded in put
ting an end to serious local uprisings
in Mazandavan. Voramin, Kashan.
Kun, Ispahan and various other locali-
ties Then there were the heroic serv-
ices rendered by the great Sepahdar
and Sardari Asad, and by their lion
hearted sons and followers. In main
tanning and pacifying the empire
which they had recovered to their ma
tion. Last, but not least, was the
miracle of human energy shown re-
Gently by the nationalistic government.
and Prince Farman Farma, their war
minister, in equipping and sending an
efficient force of many thousand to the
south to maintain order and to further
guarantee the permanent security of
those trade routes by a mobile force.
These are only a few OF the long list
of achievements accomplished by the
nationalist party in Persia. while the
creation and codification of wise laws
for almost every branch OF the govern
ment speak we'll for the wisdom and
energy displayed in so short a time by
Persia's young parliament, and is
Evening star., 1911-08-27

moons. is just entering the evening sky
this month, and will remain with us as
perhaps the most striking and interest
ing object of all throughout the winter.
The planet Mars is a short distance east
of Saturn. and September 1 may be seen
rising half an hour after Saturn has risen
at point OF the horizon a very short dis
tance north of the point at which Saturn
rose. BY the end OF the month this in
Evening star., 1911-08-27

account of its very rapid motion over the
sky and because of it's unusual bright
ness In fact. when it first appeared in the
morning sky 1t was so bright that it was
found independently by several different
observers. each of whom was credited
with its discovery in the newspapers. 1t
now appears that il was first seen on a
Photographic plate taken at the Lick OBJ
servatory in California the morning of
July d by the astronomer c. c. kiess,
Evening star., 1911-08-27
VI W|hAT'

A MEXICAN Advisers to
"A Shah-Recent Events in
Persia-Americans Forced
Into Leading Role-Great
Britain, Russia and Germany
Trying to Force Partition OF
Persia-Americans Persia's
Main Support-Persia of To-
day VS.. Former Glories-
Description of Teheran, the
Capital. Where Americans
Are Living-Palace Assigned
Americans as Residence
Persia's Resources-Inter-
view with Mira Ali Kuli
Khan, Persian Charge DAT
faires at Washington.
Evening star., 1911-08-27

HEN the American
advisers to I h e
Shah Of Persia left
the shores of their
native land ] a S I
winter they n q d
little thought they
would soon be the
leading characters
in a world drama
a drama of diplo-
matte intrigue lead
ing, perhaps. to
Evening star., 1911-08-27

"My government intends to reorgan-
ize not only the financial system Of the
empire" said Mr.. Khan, but also to
engage foreign assistants for the va
rious departments of the government,
such as the police department, the de-
partment Of justice, the war depart
ment, etc A number of these foreign
experts have already been appointed
Evening star., 1911-08-27

from the various countries in Europe,
but the most important of all-that of
the financial department-the Persian
parliament decided should be managed
by experts from America, because the
Americans are the most capable people
in the world. especially in the handling
of finances.
Evening star., 1911-08-27

monds weighing 1s6 and 146 carats each.
Persia Is a country of great but un-
developed natural resources. 1t is to de-
velop these resources and to have an
honest administration of the customs that
the American experts were appointed.
When the Persian government first took
UP the question it was thought English
men would be the best men for the po-
sition. Then opinion veered around to
the French. But finally the Persian par
lament passed an act requesting the
United States to assist them in the Sc
lection of five Americans for the work,
and 1T was in this way that Mr.. Shuster
and his three assistants came to take up
the work in Persia.
Few people know there are TO-DAY In
Persia vast oil fields. copper and iron
mines. many thousands of square miles
of standing timber. all of which are in
an undeveloped state. There is not
mile of railroad in the entire country,
with perhaps an exception of six miles OF
so-caiIed tramway which extends from
Teheran to six miles in the suburbs. The
government Is anxious first to Luild rail-
roads, both steam and electric. and later
to institute western methods Of education
for all it's people, In this way it is hoped
to escape foreign domination:
In speaking OF the employment OF
Americans in the reorganization o!
the fiscal system of Persia. Mira All
Kuli Khan, Persian charge d-analrN
at Washington. said 1t was the desire
Of his government to have Americans
for the purpose because 1T Is believed
they are the most progressive people In
the world. He said the appointment or
the Americans is the result OF many
years effort on the part OF the people
Of his country against the despotic
form Of government which existed In
Persia until about two years ago, when
the people rebelled and forced the shan
to abdicate.
Evening star., 1911-08-27
PERSIAN MILITARY AIDE
To Mr. SHUSTE R.

citizens retreat into villages nine or ten
miles distant on the spurs of the adjacent
mountains, a thousand or two feet higher
than the city. where a more agreeable
temperature from Y to 80 degrees is to
be enjoyed
Evening star., 1911-08-27
MIRA TALUTTAH KHAN.
AND MIR ZAVALLIOLAK
KHAN. Mr. SHU5TERs
PERSIAN ASSISTANTS.

monumental evidence of the efficiency
of that body.
Evening star., 1911-08-27

Until recently il has been the habit
of some western writer's to describe the
Persians as a race of mere dreamers and
mystics, but surely the practical doctrines
TaÌˆgliches Cincinnatier volksblatt. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1885-1919, 1911-10-30

Muf benz ameritanif d E n
Minen=apngreb CAB Sohn San 5ams
monb, Der betannte 9roBtapitaliit nno
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Der Riemano pioerIprehen ipiro, Dap
auf feinem 9ebiste Der Shpinoel 10
fred betrieben tpirp, pie auf benz oss
Minenpeiens. 9us ShhmmIte TT,
bab bic Spfer 3umeiit 2eute iino, bic
ben @erIuit am Dsnisiten ertragen
tonnen. Mtun 1autelt ihnen srobs Grs
trGqe Dor, mas Die 2eute nit tleinem
germDaen psranldbt, ibren leBter
Dollar in Der 6pffnuna auf 5ebnfuhen
Gjepinn bsrsugeben. 8ei Der ehrlids
iten Nbiiht 1T bas @rfhlleBen BON
neuen gergpsrten cine 2otterie, bet Der
auf tauIeno gtisten elm Srefer tommt
Niemano psiB, tpas in einem nenep
9erqlpert itedt. 2lae Grperten=Rah:
lpeiie iiRo unsuperldNis. StDBt mar
pirtlid, Quf cine Qlber, bic einen srober
srtrag oerIpriht, 10 rpsiB man nitt
lpie baIo fie in taubes 0sitein aus'
lduft. G'e'eat iit 5ll Der lnaepiBbei
nod Elm bsipubter Sdrpinoel, tpte e
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luIt on oen 9sttelItab gebrott perben
Sn bitfsr 8erbinburg tteiIt Ger
Sammpnb Elm tpihtiges Gsihdfts9e
beilnniB nit, ndmlid neusn W}inen
llnternsbmunsen fern gu bleiben uni
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lpeiB, mas lie iperth Tino. Ssin Dor
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