davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-10-06
Fish oelu,ion,

fnere are two popular deluslons
about nsh-one that they cannot live
Out OF water and the other that they
can live In any pure water. the food
supply taking care Of Itself Asa mat.
tef or TACT there are ash IN Africa
which, haying to exist IN absolutely
ary rivers for a portion Of the year.
nave Developed lungs. while In many
an amateur's aquarium 6sh cannot live
N me water provided owing to lack
Of food
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-10-06
When the Guitar Arrived.

The advent Of the English guitar fin
the eighteenth century caused the dis.
appearance OF bandores. pollphants aud
similar wire strung instruments. or.
rather. Il supplanted them. for. owing
to the use Of augPrs, the English guitar
though smaller could be used for ac.
companylng the voice ~ well as for
solo performances The instrument.
which had a decorative appearance. is
frequently depicted In the portralture
OF the eighteenth century. II was
made In various sizes. two Of the
smaller TO be managed BY young
ladies' from seven to ten years OF age.
the other by ladies OF ten and up
ward"
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-10-06

ing sides are twenty-four inches high
and slant, so that the top is but six
inches or eight inches square. This is
done by cutting boards of the correct
shape and size for base and slanting
sides and then mailing them to the up
rights so as to make the mold in two
sections, each section alike. Just one
half of mold or one section is shown in
the illustration. The opposite section is
placed beside this. and the two are held
together with hooks and eyelets while
molding the work.
The ring is easily made by any black
smith and has rod to extend into the
body of post about eight inches and
with the end bent so 1t will not pull
out easily. This is placed in the mold
before filing in the concrete and thus
IS firmly imbedded in same. The mold
is removed by turning the work up
right or upon its base, as it is to stand,
and then simply unlocking the hooks.
when the two sections can be easily re-
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-10-06
COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS.
Farmer Must Study His Own Farm
Conditions to Get Best Results.

Detailed suggestions on the best
methods Of fertilizing and the most
profitable kinds of fertilizer constitu-
ents to apply on soils of different char
acter, to cotton, corn, oats, wheat and
compass, are contained in farmers
bulletin No. 30S c'Farm Practice In the
Use of Commercial Fertilizers In the
South Atlantic States'D. recently issued
by the United States department of
agriculture and obtainable by applica.
tion to the secretary or to any sena-
tor, representative or delegate in con-
gress.
Commercial fertilizers are expensive
and should be used only when needed.
and then the deficiencies and require.
ments Of the soil and of the crop must
be a matter Of accurate knowledge
before they can be used with economi.
cal benefit.
The character of the soil has n
marked influence on the quantity and
kind Of fertilizer it is necessary TO
use In a good system Of farming. And
because a fertilizer is strikingly eff
fective on one crop upon certain
kind Of soil 1t is not proof that the
same combination will be at all bene-
hcial to that crop on another kind az
soil and certainly not that its use un.
der a different crop upon another soil
will be economical. Yet this is too
common a practice among a certain
class Of farmers. 81
With a good rotation. deep and thor.
ough tillage and the use OF green
manures. legumes and winter cover
crops the quantity Of commercial fer
ulizers required for a given crop Weld
can be considerably reduced and
great saving effected. Some farmers
get twice as large Yields as Others
both located on similar soils. due 10
The fact that the former have a better
understanding OF the use Of fertilizers
md employ better farm methods.
No definite quantity or proportion of
constituents can ever be
liven that win meet the needs Of n
,rop under all circumstances, as toe
rotation OF crops, the growing of leg,
imes' the use OF crops for green ma
luring, the application Of barnvars8
nAnure the methods Of preparation f
md cultivation and the character az
on WI always be factors which must
= taken into consideration when using
'Oumerciai fertilizers.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-10-06
TOMB M a IoWEK.
A RemarksDls Edifce. the Whim Of
Wea,thy Tea Pi5nter

Wealthy Tea Planter "a
Near the well kuewa seap0rt Of
Southampton England there IL re-
marlsablp office knosn asil,rirrSep.s :
lover rhe erection is alii'iP tlnrr si;i-
guar because II markS tl,Y falfFing
piace Of certain .t0aH I'i.ierss.n. a
wealthy Iod PLANTER
The man appears u lRGp been rafh
er 40 eccentric ihdlvijifbl an5 ID cr
der TO prove 10 the world niH belief N
ronrrele as n building material SCI
about abe construcloD 1T tll.s great
tower. The huildins tnok GlJlG years
to complptp. bur Is ertifpir of cn.l
crete aud by The time The illai Iaref9
had been placed had rel'Iri M a,fi-
tude 0f more barn 300 feet ii IS iisai1
forty years since The tower WI rrrrt'
ed. and rs present condition * terlaiir
sIy d Justification Of the tam of the
builder
As has been indicatpd. Petersen lrft
instructions that his BODY slio1id pe
placed under The tower. and CHS WAS
accordingly carried out. Ann her DE-
sire mat the rhaItHff NJ tie summit
should contain a iigift WAS de'eated ny
The firm stand which Trinity f1onSe,
the lighthouse authority. took on he
maiIer Such an illumination wou,d
have been visible for mi.ps WII TO Spa
and would naturally have nrtTed very
misleading. to sailors Scienlihe Amer
lean
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-10-06

Berne Is surroundrd by the blue
green river Aare. aud seven bridges
cross into the picturesque suburbs: the
view Of the Alps is one of the finest
70 be hnd One may walk through the
STREETS ~ .Berne. writes an American
visitor and lind constant surprises.
The odd fountains will he observed
with Interest They were mostly hulIt
In the sixteenth century There are a
number OF public institutions worth
visit the historical museum. museum
OF industry md the museums or art
and nature: several IiirarieS and The
public gardens. which contain the great
bear PHI so universally known. 10 say
nothing Of the quaint gates and the
headquarters OF the Postal union.
Bears have been kept on public exhibit
ton In Berne since l4S0 IN commenao.
ration OF the killing Of one by the
Duke OF Zahringen on the site Of the
town.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-10-06
PULLING THE COURTS Lee.
A Practice the English Judge Did His
Best to Discourage.

A Practice the English Judge Did HIS
Best to Discourage
ThexfoIlowing remarkable Judgment
was delivered some years ago by a
magistrate in one of the English colo
nies:
"Pachua Is hereby charged with hav.
ing on the 18th Of January followed
the court on It's Rising and while said
court was In the act OF mounting into
its buggy came from behind and. spIz.
Fing the courts dangling leg. the other
foot being on The step. forelbly pulled
back The court frightened the horse
and nearly caused an accident The
rensop alleged for fills by accused is
that he wanted TO hear the result of an
application of his. The practice by pc
titioners Of pulling the courts by the
legs II one that should r discouraged
Accused only says he Is u poor man.
admitting The truth of the complaint.
He Is sentenced to one months rigor-
Gus imprisonment"
Strange to relate. the ll'utenant gov.
ernor OF the province on reading this
sentence felt II necessary 10 intimate
to the magistrate that neither the sen.
tence itself nor the peculiar phraseolo-
gy In which II was conch,d was raln.
lated TO meet with approval from minds
running In legn grooves.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-10-06
CONCRETE HITCHINa POST.
[From Farm and Ranch.l

moved. The top is nodded by placing
the mold on plank into which hole
has been cut so that the ring and rod
to project from top Of post w!R set into
same, thus molding the top neatly and
bringing the trowel finish upon the
bottom of post.-Farm and Ranch.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-10-06
WILD MUSTARD GREAT PEST.
Not Useful Like Its Estable cons ms.
but an lndefatica5ls Menace.

About as troublesome a weed as
the farmer the world over has to deal
with Is the charlock or wild mustard.
1t Is prolific In the extreme and. unlike
Its black and white cousins. is not only
worthless. but harmful About the
only way to control It is to use a spray
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-10-06

made up Of either 2 per cent solution
Of copper sulphate or IL per cent
solution Of iron sulphale The quantity
needed is from fifteen to twenty gal.
Ions to the acre, and American grain
growers 20 after il with a sort of
watering cart.
tits particularly obnoxious in wheat
helds, not only choking growth. but
making the harvesting Of the crop q
matter OF great difficulty.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-10-06
DURABLE HITcHING POST.
Article Made Of Concrete Combines A.
traetiveness With conveaiencs.

Attractiyeness as well as CONVEX
ience is embodied In the concrete hitch
ing post shown in the illustration.
The mold shown at left of drawing Is
made of boards by cutting six uprights
to conform to the outside of the post.
of which good size is. to have the
base or square bottom six inches high
and eighteen inches square. The slop-
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-10-06

u bids fair to be serious problem
what the women will do with their
sl@re time wtpu they an have vacuum
e'eAners. ireiess Cookers and eIertric.
ny Tor washing and ironing Douhi.
iess they VIII be out IN the back yard
uyins The old mans airshin.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-10-06

experiments carefully cuulurted
snow that calves and piss. Ike grew
ing plants. make the most rapid g~u,yth
when they have abundant sunshine
u Is cheap tonic and shorld be used
without stint
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-10-06

True courase has 20 little to do with
anger THAI there nes alwnvs tbs
airongest suspici0n agalnst Il where
this passion IA highest True courare
n cool and calm
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-10-06

Nery suspicious man. they say"
Very. Bought a dictionary last
Eeek' and now hes counting the words
70 see u Il contains as many as the
publishers claim
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-10-06

u Is little wonder that a good many
COWS contract tuberculosis when one
taAes into account the poorly lighted
l.'or'y Ten'faied dusty aud dithr sfs.
o.ea N Which they are housed during
several noaihs of the year Hnman
eeings vbo eSisted under similar con-
~ --.l'ns ~o1idn't live Is bong as the
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-10-06

The expenditure Of the same luea
nuity and energy will give larger
nnancial returns from the raising Of
onions than fussiug with ginseng ana
nom the gruwlng pf -murphies~ than
monkeying with mushrooms.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-10-06

n sFery one ala an act or dsny
H.',sness % his neighbor and rsfu.ed
p ~ any unkindness half TIE uorrow
= ealz Eorld would b lifted ana a..
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-10-06

ne hushand nay Be boss Of bis own
aoose' but Is wife usually eonceals
s.e iaet fro1 bis knowledge untii 81
forgeis sbout it-SE Louis Po-f-I,,--
- ~~e%,AfAA-
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-10-06

As soon ne TIE bIceding season II
over The henS will endure lhr nni
weather aud shed their feathers jus,
as well If the roo~lrrs, arr put IN a
yard Icy themselves or into potpieS.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-10-06

She's of a very cheerful disposition.
iEnt sheT
Yea indeed she epea angs rhns
washing dish@--Detroif Fres Prr~s
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-10-06

Toere are fsw fhinrs rrassu ca IA.
over win ~ mncn c~rsafus~ -
- as ~ osn insaoci-ucy -gam.r
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1911-10-06

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The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-09-28
TAFT sees END OF COUN7RYS
SOIL RESOURCES IN HUNDRED YEARS

SYRACUSE, N. Y, Sept 16.-"In
the next 100 years, if this is to be a
self-sustaining country, we must
adopt new methods of farming and
pursue them with eagerness and in
telligent enterprise" said President
Taft, who is on $4,000 mile trip
across the United States and back, at
the New York state fair this after
noon. There has been, as We know,
a movement from the farm to the
city. How can these present evils
that threaten the progress of our
agriculture be remedied? How can
the movement from the farm to the
city be stopped?
Il am an optimist and believe that
situations, however threatening or
Immediately discouraging, have in
themselves elements that Justify
hope of betterment. The increased
price of farm products has increased
the value of the farms and has made
more certain the profit of farming.
That necessarily works upon the GU
pidity of those in the past who have
gone into the city, because it offers
a prospect of better income and a
more comfortable living.
Department Expense to Grow.
1--WE are spending $15,OOO,O)O a
year in the maintenance of depart
ment of agriculture and we might as
well face the truth and realize that
this expense, instead of decreasing, is
bound to increase. If our population
increases as rapidly as it has hereto
fore we shall in fifty years have up-
ward of 2OO,OOO,OO0 of people in this
country to support on 879,0)0,000
acres, much of which is probably not
capable of producing a great deal.
There are some 50,000,O00 acres of
swamp land that can be drained and
there are 25,OOO.OOo acres of land that
can be irrigated; but with all these
it is perfectly palpable that within
the life of many who are born now
we shall be pressing the limit of our
self-support from the soil unless some
other method than by the mere ex-
tension of area be found for the in
crease of our crop production.
Farmer GAMMA on City Brother.
"Today, with improved roads, with
suburban railways, with the tele-
phone, with a rural free delivery and
] hope soon with the parcels post, the
life of the farmer viii approximate
much more nearly that of his city
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-09-28

brother than it ever has in the past.
TN addition to all these elements
that are working to the restoration
to the farms of increased efficiency
in their management is the education
that is being given in the country and
on and near the farm is scientific
agriculture.
''In the states we have long had ag.
ricultural colleges. Now these are
being supplemented by agricultural
high schools and by what are called
the consolidated rural schools, all Of
which have the effect to create much
more than heretofore a closer farmer
community and to give growing youth
a knowledge of the best methods of
agriculture and a prospect in the
high prices of farm products of an
adequate return for modern farming
on proper principles.
"This will give to the brothers who
stay on the farm a much more GER
tain prospect Of a good income and
a comfortable living than those who
seek to join professions or to engage
in business in which the chances for
the profits and a comfortable liveli-
hood for the individual are growing
less while those upon the farms are
rapidly increasing"
At Chamber of comerce Breakfast.
The President on his arrival at
Syracuse was greeted by several hun
dred people at the station and there
was frequent applause from the side
walk throngs as he was escorted TO
an automobile to a breakfast ten
dered by the Syracuse Chamber of
Commerce.
Before breakfast the President
shook hands with several hundred
members of the Chamber of Com
merce. Seated at the guests table
with the President were former
United States Senator Frank His
cock, former Governor Horace White,
Congressman Driscoll, Mott, Payne,
Dwight and Talcott and Lieutenant
Governor Conway of New York;
State Fair Commissioners Murphy,
Perron and Pierson; Mayor Schoen-
eek of Syrauce, President Handy and
Vice Presidents Meachem and Frank
lin of the Syracuse Chamber of Com
merce, Charles Andrews. former chief
Judge of the Court of Appeals of New
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-09-28

sion was granted leave of absence to
go to the coast on private business
next week. He expects to be back In
about six weeks.
Several applications for positions
under the board were received and
filed. Ned Crabbe asked for any
place available under the harbor COM
missioner, while Fred Whitney asked
to be considered in case of vacancy
as assistant harbor master.
The board considered the PROPOSE
ton of charging each of the large
shipping lines 5000 per month each
as a fair value for preference rights
to the use of particular wharves ut
special times. The matter will be
given further consideration later.
Rules for sampans.
The commission approved a code Of
rules governing the Japanese sampan
fishing fleet making use of the har-
Dor. These regulations were printed
in Japanese and will be posted on the
waterfront They are designed 20
compel the fishermen to use only
such wharves or parts of the harbor
for mooring as may be designated,
and they also prescribe the time on
which fees for water and other serv.
ices must be paid. An effort is to be
made to keep the sampans from anch-
oring in parts of the harbor where
they are in danger of interfering with
navigation.
other Business.
L. M. Whitehouse was awarded the
contract for furnishing and laying the
ohia wood block pavement on the
Hackfeld wharf, his bid of 1894 be-
ing the lowest. He contracts to do
the work in 1870 days. Other bidders
were the Honolulu Construction &
Draynig Company, at $1O,457. in 1870
days; George Marshall. $11,S19 IN
sixty-fve DAYS.
T, H. Davies & Co. has been award
ed the contract to furnish the public
works department with a diving suit
to cost SAG. The suit is to he used
nv divers in inspecting the wharf pill.
ing and such work.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-09-28
Keeping the Fleet.


Chronicle: One may easily under
stand that the Secretary of the Navy
might not feel authorized to interrupt
the regular work of the Pacific fee
to permit it to be present at the
ground-breaking ceremonies of the ex
position.
And probably it would not be justi
fed as an assistance to a mere loca'
event.
But the President takes the broader
view. He is coming here to take part
in an exposition of the progress of al
mankind. He is about to officially IN
vite the nations of the world to joir
us in this great enterprise. And he
evidently realizes the propriety of in
dicating to the people of the world
the Importance of the occasion by Civ
ing to the opening ceremonies all the
dignity which can be impaired by the
presence of the President of the ma
ton and the visible emblems of liz
power.
And, accordingly, the President has
decided that the Pacific feet be de
tanned here until after the opening
Nothing can or should prevent the
people of this city from expressive
gratitude for this added obligation
but nevertheless the President did not
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-09-28
BY ]. A. RREcKoNs.

WASHINGTON, Sept 15.--One Of
the biggest questions coming before
Congress next winter will be that of
tolls for the Panama canal. The sub
iect was urged for consideration at
the special session, but there was too
much politics and tariff tinkering to
allow it to be reached. The coming
winter, however, will witness a pro-
longed discussion of this topic of
such moment to shipping interests.
Large interests are beginning to
figure on transportation via the canal,
and are trying to ascertain just how
the matter of tolls is going to affect
them. The pressure is certain to
bring about legislation on this point
during the coming winter.
Senator Brandagee of Connecticut
chairman of the Senate Interoceanic
Canals Committee, has given assur-
ances that his committee will busy
itself with the problem as soon as the
regular session opens next December.
1t is expected that hearings will
be conducted, and that a genuine and
non-partisan effort will be made to
reach a solution that will be to the
advantage of American commercial
and shipping interests.
The recent announcement of the for
nation of the Atlantic & Pacific
Transport Company, a S15,OOO,OOO cor
poration, which proposes to build a
fleet of fifteen steamers, emphasizes
the importance of early action by
Congress on the matter of canal tolls.
Information in Washington is that
other interests are anxious to prepare
for the canal trade, and are only wait
ing for Congress to act before start
ing these preparations.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-09-28
PILOTS MUST Do SOME WORK
THAT TRIPP USED TO Do

The source of the report that Viii
liam Larsen or D. F. Nicholson was
to be given the place of harbor mas
ter in place of w. B. Foster, the pub
LEGATION of which caused such a
furore among the members of the
harbor commission day before yester-
day, was probably explained by a
statement made at the meeting of the
board yesterday afternoon by F. b.
McStockerl one of the members. 1t
will be remembered that Mr.. Nc
Suckers name was mentioned in
connection with the deal" he being
credited with making an attempt to
break the agreement by which Foster
had been selected. Mr.. McStocker
said
''In regard to the statements made
of my speaking to Captain Nicholson
and Mr.. Larsen in regard to accept
ing the position, l would say, that
having been informed from what |
thought was an authoritative source,
but not from Mr. Foster himself, that
there was a great probability of his
not standing by his acceptance of the
position, / took it upon myself to try
to find an alternative name to submit
to the board. But I made no prom
ises Of any kind to those, I APP
preached, stating fully that these
names would only be submitted IN
case Mr.. Foster would not stay by
the position, and with the understand
ing that these names were only alter
natives, spoke to Mr.. Larsen and
Captain Nicholson"
More Work for Pilots.
1t was limited in the meeting that
the three government pilots were
more or less mixed up in the row
which the Masters and Pilots Asso-
citation seemed disposed to kick up
over Fosters appointment, and that
their motive was because of the in
tention of the board that their duties
we're to be increased so as to include
the mooring and shifting of vessels
in the harbor, as well as taking them
in and out The attorney general
Yesterday gave an offhand opinion
that under the law It was the harbor
masters duty to attend to this moor
ing and shifting, but the board saw
no reason why the pilots, as the harbor
masters delegated assistants, should
not do this work This is doubtless
the way the matter will be settled.
Secretary Berndt of the commits