davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-01-10
A GREAT LECTURE.
Ex-Gov. Koch Talks of Kansas Reforms
and Gives Good Talk to the Young.

Ex-Gov. Hoch of Marion, Kansas,
delivered an inspiring lecture "A
Message from Kansas" at the Chris
tian church. last Friday evening.
The governor began by paying a
high tribute to Kansas as pioneer
in reform movements, that state
having taken the lead among the
states on such reforms as the aboli-
ton of slavery, temperance, railroad
legislation, the Standard Oil monop-
oily. anti-cigarette laws, etc. Each
item in the story was carefully elab-
Grated, and each nearer felt that
the governor was right in his deduc-
tions. He carefully covered the re-
form movements in the state of
Kansas, from John Brown to Carrie
Nation, and was broadly sympathetic
and reasonable in his remarks about
those who opposed the different re-
form movements. He repudiated
the SANDER, that the closing of the
200 booze joints in Kansas City ks.
ruined the commercial and industrial
prospects of the city, and cited
prominent banker in proof of the
fact that the city has prospered mar
velously since the no-joint policy
became a settled one.
The governor gave about one third
of his time and talk to addressing
the young people. and pressed upon
them the sublime truths of the gos-
pei of Work. He pleaded with our
boys to cut out tobacco, profanity,
booze, gambling and the other vices
which ruin manhood. He urged
them to their best endeavors for the
things worth while. citing U. S. his
tory to prove that the poor boy has
always been and is still able to climb
to the top.
The lecture closed with we'll
worded passage extolling the ethics
and truths of the bible, as giving to
us the solution of all of our personal
and political problems. 1t was
great lecture, and the hearers were
one in saying, Come again, gov
ernor
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-01-10
CONTEST ON
CITY ELECTION
Aid. Stensvad Files Notice of
Contest, Alleging Illegal
Voting in I'd Ward.
Case Will Come Up in Court.
Aid. Hubbard's Friends
Not Alarmed.

The rumors of demand for re-
count of the recent vote in the Sec
ond ward, at the city election, were
confirmed this morning, when notice
of contest of the vote in that pre-
cinct and a demand for the recount
of the. ballots was served upon AL
derman-elect Frank G.. Hubbard.
The action was brought by Alderman
Rud. Stensvad, through his attorney
c. T. Howard, the document speci-
flying that three voters Chas. Ken
ney. Byron Lusk and Adam Alexan-
der-had cast their ballots at the
election in question and that they
were not legal voters. and that six
other ballots cast at the election
(but not specifed) were not legal.
The Gazette believes that in JUS
tice to the parties named, especially
Messrs. Alexander and Kenney, it
should be stated that they voted UNI
der advice which they considered
authoritative. and had no intention of
voting illegally. Mr.. Kenney is un-
questionably entitled to vote in Min
nesota, but admits that he voted in
Grow Wing county last fall where
he was staying at that time, with
the family Of his brother, and he was
assured that having lived with his
son in this city for more than thirty
days before the city election. he was
a legal voter here. Mr.. Alexander
has been in the state for nearly
year, last summer spending his time
improving his farm in Vesta, which
he subsequently sold and took up his
residence in this city. On just what
grounds his vote can be refused we
do not know. AS to Byron Lusk, it
may be that he is disqualified from
voting here thaough his voting in
the country last fall, where he was
employed as hired man. The legal
are properly subject to legal de-
cision, and hardly proper matter for
discussion at this time.
Messrs. Ed. Pratt, John Clark and
Hans Jensen were the judges of ell
ection in the second ward, and there
is no question but that they acted
on their best judgement in their Of
fetal capacity.
A. c. Dolliff has been retained by
Mr.. Hubbard, who is not inclined to
be at all fearful of the outcome of
the recount, the election judges hav-
ing found him elected by majority
of seven votes.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-01-10
BANK ROBBER
OUT OF JAIL
Chas. Adams, Arrested for the
Seaforth Robbery. Set
Free Monday.
County Attorney Moves for a
Dismissal on Account of
Lack of Evidence.

Chas. Adams. the man who was
last summer located by detective
of the Bank Protective association
and subsequently placed under ar
rest by Sheriff Schueller, charged
with being the man who held up the
sheriff and Mr.. Burmeister with a
gun and escaped under sensational
circumstances, after having robbed
the Seaforth bank, was made free
man last Monday, soon after the
court convened. The motion for his
dismissal was made by the county
attorney. after Mr.. Emerson had
made a thorough investigation of
the proofs to establish an alibi and
had satisfied himself that the az
rest was the elimination of rather
unusual case of mistaken identity.
At the time Attorney C. T. How
ard was called to defend the man
Adams. he became clearly satisfied
that Adams, while admitting himself
criminal with prison record, was
not in Minnesota at the time of the
Seaforth bank robbery and the spec
tacular escape of the robber. Hav-
ing followed up the clues as to iden-
tity suggested by his client and
turned some of them over to the
county attorney, the latter found
that the criminal had at the time of
the robbery worn a beard instead
of being clean-shaven. and that he
had witnesses to prove his presence
in Wisconsin during the time of the
Seaforth raid and escape. Being
satisfied that further prosecution of
Adams, who undoubtedly possessed
a number of points of similarity in
common with the real burglar want
ed, would utterly fail to convict, the
case was dismissed as above stated,
on the ground of lack of evidence,
and the court ordered the sheriff to
return the prisoner to the place
where he arrested him.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-01-10
FOUR HEARTS THAT BEAT AS TWO.
Double Wedding in Wisconsin, Pastor
SChaIIer and Bride Participating.

Last week Thursday, at five o'clock
in the afternoon, a double wedding
was celebrated at the home of Di-
rector j. Schaller at the Lutheran
seminary in Wauwatosa, Wis. The
couples were his oldest son, Rev. A.
Schaller of Redwood Falls and Miss
Lydia Deuber of Mankato, Mimi,
and Rev. Edwin Sauer of Merna,
Nebr., son of Rev. G. Sauer of Jun
eau, Wis, and Miss Esther Schaller
daughter of Prof. Schaller.
The beautiful and impressive SER
vices were witnessed by the nearest
relatives and friends of the couples.
Prof. Schaller held the wedding SER
mon on the 121st Psalm, while Rev.
c. Sauer performed the wedding
ceremonies. Following were the
witnesses: Misses Selma Schaller
and Marie Scheurer of Fit. Atkinson,
Wis, the Rev. Adolf Sauer of St.
Louis, Mich, and Herbert Schaller.
The rooms were tastefully decor.
ated with holly, palms and ferns,
also with crepe paper, the color
scheme being red and green. The
wedding dinner was served in the
dining hall of the seminary building.
The Rev. Aug. Pieper acted as toast
master and read several kilograms
and letters of congratulations. also
an epithalamium by Rev. A. Kuhn
of Watertown, Wis. Among those
who responded to toasts were Revs.
Gausewitz, Deuber, Gieschen and
Sauer.
Among the guests were Rev. Deu-
Der and wife of Mankato, Mimi,
Rev. G. Sauer and family of Juneau,
Wis, Mrs. Theo. Seifert of Chicago
and others. The most severe snow
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-01-10
Christian Church.

Remember our special Bible study
Monday night in the basement of
the church. If you are interested
in this work or if you have any ques-
lions that you would have answered
please come and hand them in.
These meetings are open to all.
The services next Sunday morning
and evening at the usual hour in the
basement. Morning subject, Each
One in Their Own Place" Evening
subject, "Neglecting Salvation. !"
You will find a welcome.
G. F. MARTIN, Pastor.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-01-10

storm of the winter raging without
did not mar the joy and merriment
within.
Rev. Schaller and wife expect to
arrive here after the middle of this
week. Rev. Aug Zich of Sleepy Eye
will occupy the pulpit of the Luth-
eran church next Sunday morning.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-01-10

A hsigh and interesting meeting
of the w. G. T. u. was held at the
home Of Mrs. John Knudson, Thurs
day afternoon, Jan. 9Th. 1t was
opened by praise and thanksgiving
service led by Miss Helen Hitchcock.
The Crusade Psalm-the 146th-was
read, then song service followed
by prayer and conservation service.
Those present voiced their graft
tude to God for the recent victory
for civic Righteousness in our beau
tiful city, and praised and commend
ed the men who have worked so
faithfully to bring it to pass. All
good women love and honor brave,
true men. and the members of our
local w. C. T. U. are no exception
to this universal rule. Would there
there more Daniels in our midst who
fearlessly stand for what is right
and just. But we thank God for
those who have thus dared to stand
by their convictions and who have
convictions of honor and duty. May
their number increase. We hope
and we believe that those men who
have been chosen to execute the
laws will see that they are rigidly
and righteously enforced.
A short business session was held
and the meeting closed by the sing
ing of our state song, Minnesota"
by Mrs. Starr.
The next meeting will be held at
the home of Mrs. Lutz on Thursday,
Jan. 10. at 2:30 o. m. The meeting
will begin promptly and all members
are urged to be on time so as not to
miss the interesting program to be
given at that time.
The following program has been
arranged for Jan. 10Th:
l. Opening devotionals.
2. Mothers of the Bible" by
Mrs. Collins.
3. Review Of Education Of the
Child" by Mrs. Stegner.
4. Reading, Heart Purity and
Parenthood," by Mrs. Martin.
Discussion led by Mrs. King.
5. Paper by Mrs. Fuller.
6. Question box, conducted by
Mrs. Fuller.
Z. Duet, by Mesdames Hall and
Lutz.
All mothers, whether members of
the W. c. 7. U. or not are cordially
invited to be present at this meeting.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-01-10

This week Friday night, to the
first number drawn in the house, the
Dream will give SIS order on any
business man in Redwood Falls.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-01-10

Have Robert Hoppenrath take the
stitch in time that will save you
money on shoe leather. See him at
Heilman' for your repairing. 21-t
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1911-01-10

Mrs. himball. teacher in the Grow
Creek school house, resigned during
the holidays in order to remove to
California, and her place is filled by
another local high school graduate
Miss Carrie SeebAck.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1911-07-06
Wednesday lastsfor N. D., to visit re1a-

Wednesday 1astsfor N. D., to visit re1a-
ttiiyes.
/ Miss Lucina sWanberg came home
from N. D. to attend the funeral of
her Oldest brother Theodore, who died
of consumption.
Miss Lena ostlund is at present
working for seilstad's at EIerth.
Edward Larson, Jacob Andeen and
Lars p. Larson left Radium this morn
ing, the 4th, to. celebrate the day in
Oslo.
The Misses Sophie Olson, Ida Melin,
Emma Larson and Minnie Larson left
for Warren to celebrate the 18th.
A mistake in the last number Of the
sSheaf was made in the last part Of the
second item. 1t should have been,
Jacob p. Johnson and wife accom-
panied Levi and Ellen, their daughter,
on the trip" instead of as printed.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1911-07-06
ADDITIONAL LOCALS

y 2sss
Wanted, a competent girl for gener
.Ial houseWork. rs E. A. Quistgarli
Mrs. Arthur Prokop, of California
lis visiting at the home Of Aug. Lund
.Egren.
& Mrs. G. A. SEVERN and Mrs. Erick
/ Koppang visited friends in Viking on
Sunday.
| Mrs. Gorder and child visited Sat
|t,rday with her parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
lI. Peterson.
Mr.. and Mrs. Oscar A. Peterson at
tended the Westberg-P Peterson we'd
Iding in Viking Sunday.
A. G. Bylin, prominent business
imam, of Norton, N. D., is a guest at
the home. of L. M. Olson.
The Farmer & Merchants elevator
at Stephen, burned Saturday night
with considerable grain stored there
in
1 20 * 4 = Z = {
| H. 4. Wood and family and Mr.. and
Mrs. A. n. Eckstrom have returned
Ifhome from a delightful outing at Ma
|ple Lake.
! Miss, Augusta Olson leaves tonight
for Maple Lake, Mimi, where she will
Ispend about four weeks with Mrs. K.
~. Taralseth.
Oscar Erickson who is running
pillow engine in Canada, has been visit
ing With his parents Mr. and Mrs
VIM. Erickson over the Fourth.
Judge Grindeland will attend court
lin Crookston tomorrow and Saturday
He will be in Roseau Tuesday and
will return to Warren Wednesday.
Miss Olive Wahlund, who is teach
ing parochial school at Adams. N. D.,
spent the Fourth with her parents in
Warren. She returned Wednesday,
Miss Clara Berg, a Lieutenant in the
Salvation Army at Winnipeg, arrived
yesterday Iof a. VISIT at the home OF
her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Ole Berg,
near March.
VIM. j. Brown left for Rochester,
Mimi, lastanight to attend the funeral
of his brother-in-law, Baldwin Martin,
a prominent resident of that city and
manager of the Standard Oil Com
pany's local Office, who was struck by
lightning and instantly killed early
Yesterday morning. The team Mar
tin was driving was also killed. De
ceased was a member Of the Roches-
ter Board Of Education. Mr.. Brown
was at 8Grygla when the news reached |
him and he came to Warren in his au-
to in record time.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1911-07-06
VESTS RESOURCES TO BE Ex-
rIEgITED
James j. Hill Among Donors of Prizes
at the New York Land
Show

New York, July 1.-The American
Land and Irrigation show, which is to
he held in Madison Square Garden,
New York, Nov. 3 to IL, promises to be
the greatest exposition of American
land resources ever held in this coun-
try, and to contain for the east it's
greatest lesson on the possibilities of
the west.
To this end handsome prizes have
been successfully solicited frome the
great fnanciers of the country, who
believe their interests are bound up
with the prosperity of the sections
where their enterprises are located.
It is noteworthy that many Of the don
RS are northwestern men, and that the
competitions which will center about
the prizes will be in such products Of
the soil as wheat, corn, barley, apples,
alfalfa oats, potatoes, hops, sugar.
beets and cotton products mainly
Grown in their best grades in the nor
them and western states. The prizes
will take the form of cups, standing
-four or five feet high and valued at
about $1,000 each:
The donors are James j. Hill. chair
man of the Great Northern; Sir Thorn.
as Shaughnessy, president of the Can
adian Pacific railroad; the information
al Iarvacta,. 5nnronanv. A. r Ia NJ; no 4
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1911-07-06

& Il ~ x x : 8
sTRAMn Z ! -
The Ladies Aid Society held So
cial and picnic at the school house on
Friday. An auction was held in the
afternoon, and refreshments were
served all day. The social was a de-
cided success, both socially and finan-
cially Rev. Gronberg, of Englund,
was there with his family. This was
the first time Mrs. Gronberg has been
in our thrifty village, and it gave our
good ladies great pleasure to meet
their minister's wife.
While Lewis Anderson was out as
sessing about three weeks ago, on the
Paul Sanderson farm on section 10,
While crossing a barb wire fence he
scratched himself in the tip of one of
his finger. Such a wound every
farmer gets almost every week Of his
life, without paying any attention to
it. This time bloodpoison set in and
ooii NctS slllCoy 10 YET out OIL IL
with both hand and life. He was in
Thief River Falls two weeks, submit
ting to two operations. He came home
Sunday morning, and it is to be hoped
that he will remain cured.
L. c. Franzen has closed the road
across his farm as this road was not
legally laid out and he had never re-
ceived any remuneration for same.
There was nothing doing here on
the fourth, so everybody took in the
wonderful pageant at Karlstad
The Luther League met Sunday af-
ternoon at G. p. Janson's residence
It was decided that the League fur
nish the material for a steeple on the
church. The old men of the church
will furnish the labor
Elm Johnson came home from Min
neapolis Sunday morning to spend a
few weeks.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1911-07-06
!. /. Svenning visited Oslo for the

|
I CT. svenning visited Oslo for the
first time on July 4th.
Alvin Mattson left on the evening
Of the Fourth in company with the
1iremen's running team, for Ada to
enjoy the sports OF the tournament.
John Harrison and family, of Chiea-
go arrived Sunday for a visit with
Mr.. Harrison's parents and relatives
in Vega.
Ingolf Grindeland, son of Judge
Grindeland, was operated upon last
night for appendicitis at the Warren
Hospital. Reports yesterday were
that he is resting easily
Oscar Becker, of Argyle. passed
thru yesterday on his way from
strandquist on his way froshrdueluh
strandquist where he had made the
sale of. a quarter of land.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1911-07-06
YOUNG. WOMAN CALLED AWAY

A gloom was cast over the. social
circles of the younger Warren resi-
dents early this morning in the death
|of Esther Josephine ElSblad, daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs Gust Ekblad. Altho
having moved here recently with her
parents from Stephen, she had made
many friends who mourn her loss.
yshe had been victim of tuberculosis
for the past two years, but the dis
ease did not show fatal signs until
lately. Deceased was born Sept Is,
1884. Funeral services will be held
at the Swedish Lutheran church, Sat
urday at 1890 q. M, the Rev. o. E.
Ghelgren. officiating. The commune
ty is united in extending its sympathy
to the bereaved.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1911-07-06

r y :
had a horse lie down and
roll in a berry patch and the mashed
barria e.---s- cz7fyrs5u the horse that his
ToWner did not know it.
/ The Fred Ray quarter. OF land in
Section 25, town Of Spruce Valley, was
Esold last week to Bernard Ohm by
r. D. V. Carr. The purchaser will i'm.
prove the place and make a home of
it. Also the Knut Aker quarter
four miles southeast of town was re
GENTLY sold by Nordlum & Kvennes
Ito f. Klinke.
4 vigorous protest should and UNI
doubtedly will be made against the ac-
seeptance OF lateral No. 1 of State
Ditch SO. A drive over the new road
along this ditch for three miles east
of town will convince anyone that as
the ditch is now it is Of little or no
benefit to the taxpayers who will
have to pay for it, as water. will have
to run up hill in order for this ditch
to carry off the water from the lower
LANDS lying along it in the town of
Cedar. The state. drainage board is
away down in st. Paul and has so
many irons in the fire that it neglects,
looking after small matters like this,
and the contractors seem hard to
reach and Indifferent, so it is up to
those. Of us personally interested to
get busy and try to get a square deal.
$ = y y x = e = X X 4
$ WRIGHT AND FoLDAHL
- So - $500
Mr.. Christ solum, and Mr.. and Mrs.
Toilet Bagaas, returned Sunday the.
18th of June, after a trip to Fergus
Falls where they attended a meeting
of some special kind.
Quite a few from these towns are in
Warren today celebrating the Fourth
Mr. and Mrs. Levi c. Johnson, Geo
Boo, John e. Johnson, Lena. Ostlund
and Sigrid Swanson left Radium for
Warren this morning, the 18th, to have
their pictures taken, the men being
best men, and the ladies bridesmaids
at Mr.. and Mrs. Levi G Johnson's
wedding. i
A pleasant wedding was held Friday
last, June 80, at Jacob 2. Johnson's
home, when their daughter, Ellen "a. I
J Johnson, was married to Levi G. 4
Johnson. They. will reside in Foldahl
(Levi got tired Of the bachelor life.)
Some over 60 persons attended the
wedding. Rev. Werner Drotts from
Viking, oficiated. The happy couple
received many nice and valuable pres
ents. Best wishes for a happy life,
%. the young couple.
Miss Lilly swanberg left home on
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1911-07-06
NOTICE OF MEETING

There will be a meeting of the High
School Alumni Association, Saturday
evening, July s, at $50 o'clock.F
Bake.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1911-07-06

General Arthur-reremher the name
For a good smoke and a good smoke
must be mild4you can't equal the
General Arthur 1Oc. Cigar.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1911-07-06
Flavor not STRENGTH

The General Arthur is as mild as a
good cigar can be. It is better than
he best strong cigar. Try one-1oc.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1911-07-06
More Honelike.

Hospital p hysician Which ward
do you wish to be taken to? A pay
ward or a.
Maloney Of thin, Doc. thot's
safely Dimoeratic Puck.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1911-07-06
~ y "a 4 q
MIDDLE RIVER
~ 1855 4

From the Pioneer:
Mrs. Allene Bayrell, of Ada, after
attending the district w. G. T. u. con-
vention in Thief River Falls last week
came up to. Middle River Friday to
visit for some time with her mother
and brothers.
The Andrew schey farm half way
between here and Newfolden was
sold the other day to w. R. Hoag, CT
VII engineer Of Judicial Ditch No. IL.
Strawberries are more plentiful
than ever this year that is, in places.
j. ]. Kelley tells us that one Of his
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1911-07-06
TENNIS SHOES

Tennis-Basket Ball Shoes in oxfords
and balls, for men, boys, youths, wo-
men, misses and children, in prices
from
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1911-07-06

Good Morning-noon and night
It's never too early and never too late
to smoke a General Arthur 1oc. Cigar.
It's refreshingly mild
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1911-07-06
= BE- =
EAST OF. WARREN

#s* \ * X + x Il q i
Ole Olson has returned from a fish
ing trip at the lakes.
The Willing Workers had a very
pleasant meeting with Mrs. Olson and
daughter Betty, last Thursday. The
next meeting will be with Mrs. Hemp
hill and Mrs. Miller at Mrs. Hemp
hills home, on Thursday August 3rd.
The ladies voted to take up domestic
science in connection with their regu-
lar work. The subject for the next
meeting being salad dressings
Miss Ruth Bodell entertained two
OF her cousins of Viking, over Sunday
in honor of her birthday. ,
Nearly everyone attended the cele-
sbration in Warren on the 9TH
The mission festival was attended
by about 200 people on Sunday, at E.
Monroe's. "a goodly sum was realiz-
ed for home missions. III,
The June berries are plentiful this
summer and many have taken advan-.
tage Of them and have canned "a large
quantity
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1911-07-06

Jesus and the Apostles and Pro
phets alone are to be considered the.
guides and standard bearers for the
church. We are TO believe on Him
thru their word, and not thru the word:
Of councils Or synods or presbyteries..
Pastor Russell.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1911-07-06

Engraved cards at The sheaf ONCE.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1911-07-06


sPoOLs COATS THREAD
CARDS BUTTONS
CARDS 10c PEARL
HOOKS EYEs &c
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1911-07-06

Fine printing at the sheaf Office.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1911-07-06

Ladies. Skirts, our former prices
$3.50 to $1,000, this sale $500
Ladies' Skirts, our former prices
$3.50 to $50, this sale S.. .ssA99
Ladies Fine Cambria Slip over
Night Gowns, each. ...89c