davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21

It is not enough to simply grind the
apples into cider, then roll under the
shade Of tree or into the cellar and
patiently wait till the vinegar is made.
To make good vinegar the apples
should be about ripe but not mellow.
and when ground and pressed the
cider should be strained into clean
barrels.
While apples should be clean, it is
not best to wash them before grind
ing. and no water should be used in
the cider.
It is we'll known that the changing
from sweet cider to vinegar begins as
soon as the juice leaves the apple and
continues through the various stages
from six to eighteen months, the time
depending on conditions and treat
ment.'
If the cider Is Kept in a warm cellar
or other convenient place and cake
of yeast dissolved in water is added
for every FIVE gallons. It will hasten
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21

should be provided Cor the front ends
to be put in when needed. These are!
held in place by a slide nailed up the
side Of the studding.
Place all the strips one inch apart
to allow circulation Of the hest all
around and through the bins. Have
six-inch ventilator over the center
of each bin and one over the small
roo-- go.
These ventilators should extend
through the ceiling, and near . foot
above the sawdust. Have a window
door in each end OF the gable and .
ladder on the outside. II necessary to
go to the loft.
Remember this one point always:
that a freshly built house. and one
built out Of green lumber and green
sawdust may. and likely will be the
cause of a houseful Of ruined potatoes.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21
KEEPING CELERY ON THE FARM

4 great deal Of celery is now being
grown on the farm. more than ever
before, as farmers find this crop not
difficult and always salable. e
Where but small quantity is to be
stored for winter sale or use in the
family, it can be banked up with earth
where the plants are grown.
The earth should be placed around
the base Of the plants to hold them in
good form and where they can remain
without further banking until there
is danger of a hard frost.
The earth should be turned up to
the very tops of the plants. almost
covering them. and then as the
weather becomes colder the ridge
SHOULD be covered with coarse stable
manure. straw or. corn fodder held in
place by means Of boards fastened
with sticks. IL
A very good method for the farm is
to dig a pit, say "a inches deep, three
feet wide and of the necessary length.
The soil in the bottom s.lould be iloos-
ened to form a bed in which the roots
OF the celery may be set. Il
Pack this trench with fully grown
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21
TO PREVENT TOOLS FROM
RUSTING.

Any steel tool will rust If exposed
to damp air. yet have found that
tools subjected to the following treat
ment every three months will not rust
unless actually thrown on the ground
or exposed to hard rain. Take two
parts each of graphite and tallow and
one pas: gum camphor; melt together,
and if not soft enough to form stiff
paste add more tallow or lard. Re-
move all rust from the steel surface,
wipe dry and apply the paste. Let it
remain on for twenty-four hours, then
rub dry. Unless the tool Is needed
even longer than one day will be still
better for the tool to be covered with
the preparation. The above prepara-
ton has the effect of a coating Of oil
though every vestige has apparently
been removed for months.-H. H. F..
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21

a Minneapolis woman, who has by
rare executive ability and strictly
honest dealing, increased her plant
from year to year, until now she Is
one Of the most successful florists in
America. Her flower seeds are we'll
known. Flower-loving women every
where are proud of this Pioneer
Seedswoman".
| There are three well-known women
landscape architects in New York who
| have taken practical curses in ga
dening and are practicing their pro-
fession within radius Of 100 miles
Of that city. Miss Grace Tabor of
7 ston, laid out many Of Viewpoints
beautiful estates.
One of the largest western railroads
employs the services O.. an expert
woman landscape gardener by the
year to lay out the plots about the
stations and at the big railroad termi-
nails.
There is a private SCHOOL Of horti-
culture for women in Pennsylvania
which offers courses Of instruction in
the growing of vegetables, fruits and
flowers, the raising of poultry and
bees, and, much to the point, the art
of marketing the produce.
Agricultural colleges all over the
country have special courses for
women. At first there were no women
students, but. gradually they crept in.
a few at a time, until now large num-
bers are applying for admission.
The last census showed S07,7os
women farmers in the United States
and this year has added many hun
dreds to that number.
Mrs, Scott Durand, Of Illinois. is a
notable example of the progressive
and prosperous woman farmer. She
is but one Of a great army Of women
who are wrestling from the soil a
comfortable living II not fortune.
Mrs Durand has demonstrated
what can be done with modern,
model GARY, run on scientific and san
itary principles. Chicago gladly pays
what many are pleased to term fancy
prices" for the clean, wholesome milk
delivered from Mrs. Durand's dairy.
In just one year this enterprising
woman cleared s11.sse from her
farm.
In New Jersey two women, the
.'Hunter Sisters. formerly school
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21
READING CREAM TESTS

In the Babcock test-bottle the bot
tom of the fat column is practically
straight line but the top has a
concave surface and the question as
to whether the fat should be read at
the top, the bottom, or some other
point has been much discussed.
This uncertainty may be entirely
overcome by dropping small guam
tity OF alcohol into the neck of the
test bottle after the cream test is
completed. The alcohol floats in the
top and changes its concave surface
to nearly straight line. AS the use
of the alcohol dissolves the fat, there
fore reduces the length of the column
and gives too low reading this can
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21

Dig a trench lengthwise through the
center from the stovepipe-hole to the
west end of the area, and lay line
Of eight-inch tile so that the top will
be three inches below the level Of the
to-. Of the wall.
Connect the west end of this eight
inch tile with a brick flue built up
inside The wall and extending about
two or three feet above the roof.
Cover the beaten dirt IN the 20x2S
area with gravel or finely broken
stones to a depth of two inches when
we'll beaten down. Then cover the
entire surface with cement even with
the top of the wslL leaving open the
mouths of the tiles on either side Of
the stovepipe. Now this makes a
.r-.t-proof foundation that will never
be troubled with dampness or freez-
ing.
For the framing Of this building use
good 2x4 stuff, placing one stringer
around the top Of the wall even with
it. outside edge and another stringer
even with its inside edge.
Place a. series of 2x4 studs, eight
feet nine inches long, in an upright
position on each sill, and toenail them
to the ssills. Before placing the stud
ding, locate the door three feet wide
in the clear, and the windows about
twn feet wide and six feet high.
There should be four windows on
each side; two in the west and one in
the east end. The door should be in
the east end, near the south side,
After placing the studding. nail on
2xl niece for a Mate
Now take 2x6 joists % feet long and
nail them to the studs just beneath
the plate so you can cell to them on
the under side.
Place some 2x4 pieces 1engthwise
between the studding where you want
to nail the boxing; divide the height
and insert the first railing three feet
from the top of the sill and the
second railing three feet above that,
so that you can nail the boxing at two
places in the middle and at each end.
Before putting on the boxing take
heavy felt paper or tarred roofing and
nail it to the outside Of the studding.
After the outside is boxed up, get
some sound. dry sawdust> and fill in
the wall as you cell up the inside.
Be very careful to beat and pack
the sawdust firmly as you cell up the
wall. You now have a solid 12-inch
wall Of sawdust commencing on the'
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21
CARE OF THE CALVES.

The young calves are especially
'usceptable to the ravages of flies and
It Will seldom prove profitable to al
oW them out Of the barn except for
exercise during the night when the
lies will not prove troublesome. There
Ire numerous remedies that may be
lsed as fly repellents but the follow
ng formula recommended by Doctor
lore mas given excellent satisfac-
don wherever used and where many
of the expensive preparations have
.ailed to perform what their manufac-
.urers claimed for them.
FISH, Oh 1oO parts
Dill of tar .............. SO parts
Crude carbolic acid .......~ l part
The cost of the mixture is about
80 cents a gallon and it may be ap-
Piled with hand sprayer every two
lays. Some prefer applying the mix
ture once a day using lighter appli-
:ations.
Loads of clover and other forage
aauled t. the stable every two or
hree drys VII keep the calves and
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21

To build sweet po alto storage
house or dry kiln that will hold 1000
bushels. mark of a foundation 22x3S
feet, extending east and west. Then
mark off 1-foot space all around
this on the inside and build concrete
wal Two feet high and one foot thick.
with an even, level surface to lay the
IS on.
Cut off eight feet at the east end
and build concrete wall one foot
thick from side to side, the same
height as the outside wall. L
In the center Of the east-end space
dig a cellar six feet deep, five feet
wide and 10 feet long, leaving a five
foot shelf on each side. This cellar Is
to be- used for fire box, where you
place a stove to produce heat for the
house. Cement the entire bottom.
sides and top surface Of the ground
in the 20x7 area.
At the center Of this 10-foot cellar
there should be hole fol. a stove pipe
through the partition wall, about IL
inches below the top Of the wall; also
at distance Of about five feet on each
side of this stovepipe-hole there
should be six-inch tile set in the
partition wall. with the end of the tile
on the fire side about six inches below
the top Of the wall.
This tile should slope upward 50
that on the opposite side of the parti-
ton it's mouth will be even with the
top Of the WALL
In the east end of the are-box oppo-
site the stovepipe hole, set a six inch
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21
WOMEN FARMERS AND GARDENERS
WEALTH BY FILLING THE SOIL

Whenever we see in lac newspapers
and magazines, as we Oft an do, COM
ments OH the disrupting Of the home
and fears expressed regarding the
lessening of home influence because Of
women entering the various fields Of
labor, we recall the following words
Of the late Susan Is. Anthony. Miss
Anthony was woman's friend and
never voiced ;.entiment nor sug-
rested any course of action, which
would in any way tend to other than
thu uplifting Of women.
She said: Nothing can destroy the
home life. The more women become
the equals of men and the more they
are considered as equals the stronger
will the home life become. Women
used to be considered rs dependents.
ton, ability and opportunities. they
are better able to make the homo life
what it should be. The increasing
activity Of women in all branches Of
industry is simply the result Of our
improved civilization.
Many women bread winners have
chosen strange careers for themselves
in various parts of the world. Their
example may inspire othcrs. II not to
adopt like professions, to act upon the |
principle which guided them to choose
the one thing they could do which
was near at hand.
In the South there Is woman
who not only personally delivers mail
over a 40-mile route. riding over a J
settled region thrice weekly
during the entire year, but manages
a large farm as well. doing much of
the manual labor herself, and sup
ports. by her energy and courage a
family Of six.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21
A WORLD-FAMoUS cow

DeKol Queen La Polka End. pro-
duced 124 pounds Of milk in single
day, 84s.s in seven days and 1876 In
80 days.
Her record in milk yields for one,
seven and thirty days. is said to beat
that Of any other cow in the world,
as does her 30-day butter test-145.13
pounds
This wonderful COW consumes no
more feed than scrub that will not
produce enough milk and butter to
pay for what she eats. and In that fact
lies the great advantage of owning
well bred cattle Of large producing
qualities. Queen Polka is owned by
Clayton Sisson Of Shirbume. N. Y.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21
ING HEALTH AND WEALTH BY .

teachers, have won fortune and re-
nown by their milk wagon which dis
penses the products of their fine herd
of Guernseys. "a
Keeping bees has proven veritable
gold mine for many women. From
1923 colonies of bees Miss Emma VIII
son, OF Illinois, harvests sover 100000
sections OF honey. Miss Chandler, OF
Wisconsin,, makes bees pay well. She
has 800 colonies. Miss Flora Mcintyre,
Of California, made her bees pay her
expenses through the State University,
and many more instances might be
cited where women have found health
and happiness as we'll as com petence
in similar lines Of work.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21
STORAGE or SWEET POTATOES


concrete wall and extending up a
the plate.
In order to have tho sawdust dru,
It is advisable to get It fresh from th(.
mill and put 1t in a shed where It viii
not get wet and where you can stiIi
1t SO that 1t will season WELL I. findi
that the dryer the sawdust the better
the result.
Having the walls finished, put on r
good single roof with q fairly steer
pitch, Then cell under the 1oists with
good flooring and fill in the loft with
sawdust until the 3oists are covered
one or two inches. Compact thu
sawdust with that Of the walls.
This makes frost proof house. Tho
top half of thu inside door should b
OF glass. then, by, leaving the outside
door open. plenty of light Will be ada
mitted to the small room, which II to
be used as the barreling room.
Lay down 2x6 sleepers two feet
apart and make q, tight floor In the
small room. Make . trap door to step
downstairs to the IRE box. y
Lay 2x6 sleepers lengthwise Of the
large room. leaving q 9-foot aisle on
the south side which will DO I'LL COM
crete floor for walking upon. Place q
floor Of hoarda running crosswiss upon
these sleepers.
The six-inch tile previously men-
toned allows the hot air to circulate
underneath all bins Of potatoes ana
rise up through them, drying them
underneath as well as on top. thus
preventing the potatoes from rotting
in the bottom of the bin
Set row Of studding directly over
the partition wall and cell up the east
side Of this row of studding and make
a tight partition between the two
rooms, leaving room 1T the south end
of this partition for doorway to the
aisle.
Then set other rows Of studding six
feet apart. the width Of the bins.
This arrangement makes the bins
16 II feet long, ~ feet high and feet
wide.
Board up the sides and north ends
of the bins with 1x4 strips.
Also similar strips six feet long
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21
BY n. B. Flushing, Missouri.

tile in the bottom Of the end wall,
level with the bottom Of the stove.
letting it extend through to the oppo-
site edge OF the wall. where It will
connect with another six-inch tile
standing upright just outside the wall.
This will furnish current of cold
air into the fire box, which will aid in
driving the hot air underneath the
floor OF the storage-hOuse.
Fill the 20x2S area with dirt to
within three inches of the top OF the
wall, pounding it down with q maui
during the process of filling.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21
BY B. e. Lara, Illinois.

|cago and New York markets now de-
mand all the output from this
woman's ranch. Her great success is
due to her dainty and artistic manner
of packing the export
In the constantly broadening field
for women workers. no occupation
seems better suited to the artistic,
beauty-loving temperament of women
than the raising Of flowers. Many
women are today very successful
florists. prominent among them being
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21

be overcome by first adding to the
alcohol all the fat It will dissolve and
then pouring small quantity of this
fat-saturated alcohol on the top OF
the fat column in the test bottle.
The diagrams in the figure show
the difference. In bottle No. 1 it
shows the top curve Of the fat which
occupies a space between A and B of
nearly 1 per cent of the scale. The
test should be read 10 or 20, depend
ing on the selection Of A or B as the
point to which it is read.
In bottle No. the alcohol makes
a straight line at the top Of the fat
column, SO that the test can be read
at that point without any uncertainty.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21
'ii-s Flora Money. among her bees.

Hiss flora Nlc1nGyIO among her bees.
Out in California is daffodil farm
conducted by a woman. Sorting and
shipping to eastern markets, as well
as the filling of daily orders for the
local markets in time Of bloom. make
her life a strenuous one, for here, as
in everything else. success depends
upon continuous care and labor.
In the Sacramento valley. the wife
Of an Eastern physician, raises olives
That she also sells them is attested
by the fact that great factory on
her ranch prepares for the eastern
markets large quantities Of luscious
ripe olives.
Another woman in California has
made a fortune growing nuts. While
n waiting for the nut trees to reach
their maturity this energetic woman
raised pampas grass between the tree
rows. and cleared as high as $4,000 a
year from this alone.
= re Stuffed prune" industrv
brought competence to another
woman, who thrown upon her own
resource7. availed herself Of the ad-
yantagassAhe saw close at hand. Chi
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21

plants. placing the roots close to-
gether, with considerable soil adher-
ing to them.
AS the celery is placed in the trench
it should be we'll watered and then
allowed to remain open long enough
for the tops to become dried of:
Unless the soil is very dry at the
time Of storing, or extended warm
weather should follow. it will not be
necessary to apply any more water.
Place 12-inch board on edge along
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21
LITTLE LIFTS ON THE FARM.

II you must use the wagon harness
for field work take of the backbands
and substitute broad band Of plain
leather for comfort and lightness.
Take a look at the powerful little
engines at the State Fair this fall:
they are the creates. labor savers
ever, ard their cost fill not be missed.
If you do not have time to run ths
separator and have no engine, rig un
a tread mill and put Tige on the Job
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21

Hale, the Connecticut fruit man
who has made great fortune in the
business. selects one commission
no, in each large market city and
sticks to him as long as he gets a
square deal. He says that he finds it
pays to go to the same market year
after wear and the great mistake of
many fruit growers Is in the shifting
about. 49,,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21

cows in excellent condition and the
manure thus made will nearly pay
for the increased labor required in
cutting and hauling.
When we consider the relationship
between the comfort Of the COWS and
calves and. the amount OF milk and
growth we can hardly fail to see that
we should do all in our power to Inn
prove their condition in fly time
w. M. K.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21

the fermentation so that it may be
completed within two or three
months.
Not until then should vinegar
mother" be added, but when it loses
the bitter taste and begins to get sour
it should be racked off and the barrel
washed out, or it should be put into
clean barrel and some old vinegar
and mother put in.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21

should be very strongly constructed OF
boards not less, than; one dnch thick
and the top piece, running lengthwise.
should be at least four inches wide TO
give the trough rightly. In making
this, or any other feed-device, screws
should always be used. in preference
to nails, as they will hold the pieces
together more firmly and do not work
loose, as nails do.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21

The man who imagines he knows
all there is to know about dairying
without attending the short course for
dairying at the Agricultural colleges
or without reading reliable farm
paper is making great mistake be-
cause no one man can hold all there
is to know about the dairy business
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21

Extensive farming and dairying
don't go together. It takes small
barns and intensive farming to make
good dairymen. Just as long then as
the average farmer wants to own all
the land that joins him, and under
takes to farm it all, he isn't going to
pay much attention or take much in
terest in dairying.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21

A little observation shows that fruit !
growers who are organized and who
receive daily market reports or who
sell all their products through one
agency make more money tnan those
who sell at haphazard.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21
RACK FOR FEEDING SHEEP.

3 Sheep should always be fed in a
rack or trough. A good rack may be
made of any size or length desired,
but the bottom should be high enough
from the ground to allow the sheep to
pick up any loose fodder or grain that
is scattered about. If the trough is
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21

The important thing Is to cool milk
as soon as it is drawn because bac-
terra does not multiply in the cold
milk and therefore it keeps sweet very
much longer
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21

The example OF successful dairy
man neighbor doesn't seem to have
any impression on some farmers.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21

Never ship fruit to market that is
over stocked and weak. Your COM
mission merchant will send you daily
on a postal card.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21

Do not place your fruit in COMPETE
ton with another by dividing ship
ments in any market.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21

is necessary that one do SO, lest too
much draught be allowed and the
meat get too warm, or 2 the barrel
catch fire and burn up both meat and
the barrel.-M. Coverdell.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21

More horses are spoiled ny poor
drivers than any other WAN
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-09-21

It is .sNvisable to keep a constant
atch ing this process: in fact II