davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1911-04-02

You Need Not Spend One Cent

h. AL yeu have DO is ask The dealer he has
h peope during the waiting for
found IN clubs cafes hotels drug dcro regular
cigar stores all Greater Richmond. o
Remember you don't have clip guess estimate
or spend
cIearsand the who locates or
the enumerated elsewhere in this
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1911-04-02
SIMPLY COMPLY WITH


tins Find out rnt
DRESSES nunba wcw gives
0 d hohastc
hr
lt ndanw
p ~ atct
contest opened Saturday
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1911-04-02
Read This Over CarefulIv-Tw;

m eeaase this ad will not be published in this paper
Reward for few hls inquiries And ppor
dealer he has FRAT CIGARS those Who do and mail
Tuesday began Saturday
April t. 191 forget $3.50 N'u'y
Make your list possible address Of each
Address DESK
AND CHEROOT Co, Richmond Va ~ - $1,000 o'N
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-12-20
y ~ c a NOTES

There WIZ 10 no educational class
work during the holiday season The
walton VIII last tul JnuIa- md.
" hen me classes VIII be continued.
Members took ~adgantare ~ 'ha faf.
owing rtudios during Inc past term
Arithmetic. Mechanical UrawinE Pen
manship and Bookkeeping Tho same
.fre NJ work. Including tho smp.o. -
boys s.nss VIII Doc continued through
're second term
The Gymnasium classes viii meet
a- 4ruuI next wssk excepting Monday
evening q Erraf deal ~ interc4r be-
uarifcsted u the Basket Ball game
scheduled FOR Thursday evening Dee
rmh-r Zsth The strong Wooster unI-
r~rsitr tenn wul play ihe locals An
~N'itlug sam~ .s assured.
An interesting musical program Is
being arranged for rho N.w Years
entertainment There will Dbl. "a re-
"s ptiou in rhe afternoon and evening
There wlI 1e games and e. frofir 90 Ia.
o. mnaaium.
lr a. .eW dcvs "a huge Christmas
tree ~il be PLACED iu thr lobby This
~ ffs pleasing feature Il
re Christmas season last year which
ifamsrsalF enjoyed hv an
~ arproTriatr present fnr am bow
90 ruurs man would te o. member
snip a fhr s. ~ % a The holder
'i "a rrFcf bel entitled to fr. fall Nom
p 'rfhlr privilege far a year last
fsar quite re- rImHrr were the reeir-
rt- ~ H Ef ~ thIs nature which
hirh'F appreciated
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-12-20
.CABEL COUNTY
BOOMS WILSON
WOODROW WILSON CLUB LINING
UP STATE DEMOCRATS.
George J. Nell Narnonltes Are Ready
20 Jump Into Wilson Band
Wagon on Excuse.

Interesting delights on southern
STATE p-l'ucs were furnished hv he
Rev john { Ganbery ~ Barbogrs.
vile. NEo. as vel as being O. minis.
ter Of the gospel. 10 mixed up in
West virginia poht c. about 90 deep.
~ as possible and st!ll keep his head
above surface Mr. Ganbery is A
member % the Cabell County Wood.
row Wilson club. and IN this capacity
mas q BIT Of interesting Information
as 70 the doinss Of hat organization
10 which credit FOR p Wilson boom
!n Wet virginia rs due.
Tie Wilson club Was Organized
shout a month ago by a number OF
tA~ a~torneys min sters and school
teachers OF Huntington and CabaII
county, ShO claim 20 represent A ut.
tlo BIZ the most advanced Democratic
thought In he state They have
launched a healthy little boom for
iheir favorite "a Cateli county and
his week are using their test on.
dehvors 10 line no prominent mem.
bers q the rarty IN all parts of West
virginia They are I'm communication
Nth The national Woodrow Wi son
committee. sni Z their plans mature
they VII deliver the Little Mountain
state. Blasted and baked 10 q delicious
brown. 90 New Jerseys bushy haired
aspiranf FOR The presidency
and here comes 4 little snag In the
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-12-20
Child Labor Laws Are
Grossly Disregarded

strumentAl IN having the limit
raised from ~ 20 "a ear IN the re-
cent BIZ
Recently ! vent, over the state
thoroughly. calling upon ala Of he
glass factories. where the greater
amount o. child labor is employed
found Lo violations aud buf lev
cases where children are working nm
der permits which they have "a ngl.f
10 10 under the Law I am sure that
the gentleman does not understand The
labor commissioner position IA the
matter lie called Al my hom. and
left his card. but / was unable to- see
him. being absent a. the time
~ ve all know. 81 course. the com.
pulsory school law takes care % the
child labor question pretty We'll. ana
from my observations am inclined
10 believe that 70 really dOez the pur
pose better than the child labor Law
80 u does a double purpose
Committee 90 Meet.
Mr. Cranberry stated that he expects
10 call q meeting 81 tne West Vir-
gin!a child labor committees 90 DO held
in Wheeling probably the last two
days ~ April. 90 that b. uIl lust ure.
t-d" ih" annual sunday school CON.
vention. which viii be- held beginning
on May : A. This time reports VIII
n" submitted To- the committee az an
Investigation which has been made
and which viii continue. embracing
nearly al 81 the cities of the state
Boz which child labor in any form .s
employed FEE already has e large
number 81 facts iu his possession and
from these pointed out q number %
appetite instances 100 which tho new
law .n th'- state is being grossly di.
regarded
Wheeling O~isregards.
WI NnnberF Was asked what be
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-12-20

paid and the house. always IN dark.
ness was visited PEI odicalIy b. a
stranger. Great 3 au element Of RVS
terry, which stil WAS unsolged even
a''s the place. HEaln des,rted. VAS
thrown open and school children
skated over ihe noors on which ap
peared gregse spots Later if Ma
round these spots Nerd>cAuEed by nj
t~ruElycerine. and experts we're called
70 destroy their explosive power
AmOlg the Witnesses from Nunc.e
we're Mrs Elizabeth Huer. Isaac
Grant Sni q Manufacturer. Who sold
boxes % McMau gai
Confirm ncMsriaai story.
he evidence was traced By the IN.
d" satCrs nrt only to c1unrm Nc.
Manisa!s confession. which impIi.
Gates John D. and jane T. McNa.
mara. tut a'so 20 Or ne our Vho. II
any as st'd them
Otlsr eXrressions % horror A. dis.
covering thew mad been living near
explosives came from members OF tie
famiis % y lcu-s. q farmer. uea
Indianapolis FOR a long tire prior
70 hls ares on Aprl 20. 1871. ] T.
NcNawara on the urete1t that Do,
vas storing Old records kept N Jones.
ham. n plano box h'l-d th DINA
mi'e from which McMan ga rc-l.i.
irhed his yu-piv WhSn g-ing on dy.
o. mi'ing expeditions
So fsr NJ fhe Iron Workers a1fo
citation Ia concerned. 20 opposition
hereaf or Will De- Uat. pgs'nrt the
removed 80 h-oks AMI parcrF from
their headquarters fro0 one 'u-fs.
dicr'ou 20 another This VS. an.
nCunccG today.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-12-20
chsrus nsas BY Re~. John o. Gan.
benz. Chairman % West Virginia
child LAbo commlttee.
ALLEGES THAI LABOR
COMMISSIONER IS HOSTILE
Mr.. Barton. In Statement. Declares
That He Welcomes COMMITTEES
10 state.

The Rev John - Gaubsry. of Bar
%boursyiiie. chairman of the West Viz
ginia child labor committee. minister.
politician and a agure OF NOR Than
usual importance iu DE southern part
OF the state. o. lu The city attending
the meeting ot fhe state executive
committee Of the West Virginia sun
day School association Ar Cranberry
Vas seen by AN IutslIlgsucer reporter
~ the SUNDAY school office yesterday
afternoon. and be- had "a number 81
warm things 90 say about The admin
i~atration or The new child labor law
by tho last legislature H" alleged
that state Labor Commls-ioner l. Y.
Barton sas hostile to The work of the
committee. and that the labor com
missioner NA4 doing nothing 20 en-.
force the recently enacted laN
Mr.. Bartou'a Statement.
Believing that sir barton would bee
interested iu the matter under discus
sion. he war l-nterrugated concerning
the statement made by the Rev Mr.
Ganbery Mr. Barton said
% do NOT know Nhy the gentleman
should think am opposed 20 The work
OF the committee Certainly / have
never said or Zone anything that would
indicate any attitude 600 that direction.
In fact. Ne give tho committee O.
broad welcome Perhaps The lie Mr..
Ganberv has forgotten that I was In
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-12-20

little slide down the Cabell county
hanister. when ueorEo 1 Neil fhe
West Virgin a representative o. In
Gle lucson Harmon bohhed onto the
scene Just about The time everything
looked N nice for Mr. Wilson he
has launched a nice litti- boom for
the ohio executive AZ n likely Demo
cratic victim for 1919 However. the
HArmonites. M SAYS. are ready 20
Jump ~vE'cSeVer Way the wind Will
blow them And ~ The Wilson club
seems 60 make much OF a splurge Ia
state politics mex iall. the friends
OF Mr. Nell yin be right there Vhen
the shouting comes. " there is any
shouting
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-12-20

Anows about Wheeling aud -tl h.
hls Information pointed 20 O al
ambition % AFFAIRS lie SAD -r
mits ave been Issued 20 b.. er
the ~ o. % years 20 wor Ic
tories Vhen there was no rrae a..
ever FOR the children W1r 4
number % Instances a' OBJ. an
male members OF the family r.- q
ulhrly employed and 90 "a
stances girls % the family a. lut
Ia spite 90 this and the farf he
i4ny Income from a chiid's lal liG
amount 20 but little the parent iId
apply 10 the labor cOmm.-. or
other Official who 10 pr.r 20
issue permits-and the pe.r ere
secured HOVever. IN SPITE ne
Mr. Bartou whom Nr ery
stated was entirely our 90 nv
With the Work 81 the comm and
making 30 enorf to eufor.. sW
stated that De had issued Dr.. Der
mits In The city 81 Whcer1f
70 rs said The sp.as ha,
no enort was made 20 enforc. lew
law from the time ~ lts pass .ntil
about September Z when -. 1oIs
opened But since that Ime
h'tle EFFORT has been made airy
ort .ts Intention. priucinalr YER
10y The school a~Ithorties
Opposed by m~arufaeture-
hr Cranberry stated that rs anu
fncturers % the state as A.. the
state labor Commission 3D.. see,
rather active IN their oppos.t. ., m.
work az tho child labor conn 20
nF on The plan hat b. r. t,r or "a
child 10 De o. work Than ir hisr
However. this stand came b.
Knocks in The folioV.u r.- Tho
West virginia child labor lftea
does not consider work ura ou.
or n boy any more Than f.r iuIf
We do not oppose child a..
would encourage thrift DOL. foo-
work and only oppose lrt ONO
Norr We only wish rn tna
proper safeguards about OBJ %
children The industrial. .fo,
through which q colnfr, .suoF
has produced abnormal corf. Ur.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-12-20
Probably.

Wits What DO you suppose wonld
happen n IN earthquake should hi
New York. laying every building In
ruins and tearing grea, holes in the
ground"
AT the natives would prob
ably lean over tho improvised fence
n say Goodness, what a LOT %
building going on his year Judge
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-12-20

der which children must work. ana
have Mad~ e. sars ~ enactment OF
Avs fegu!atlnE The conditions under
Nnlch they shall be allowed 90 Nork
We only seek 20 secure the improve
m-nt OF such LAWS aad thr complete
entorcement Of al ~ lhrm
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-12-20
TWO KILLED; YARD IS
DYING ~ GANG FIGHT

NEN fDfk. prr ia gang
r before dal iF.t f..Is. fr
Thomas Jefferson park '.r fuo mon
deed n Oh third man dsinr All the
sI 'fus irf several others under ar-
r r Gre italians
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-12-20

INDIANAPOLIS. Nc. ls- People
Who for weeks unknowingly lived
near enough dynamite 20 blow up the
ueighborhood and whose children
skated over the foors OF a vacant
house ia which n~ltrogiycerine had
been spilled testified % the govern.
meuts investigation OF the dynamite
consplracy before tie federal grand
jury today
Witnesses from Muncie. Ind. we're
questioned concerning ahether they
knew o. the renting q. q house in
huncie Go OTtie McMaug gal IN De
cember. 1909 After paying rent for
several months In advance. NcMan-
gal stored % with boxes anG saw
dust in which h. packed n~itrcFlvcer
The fact that the rent h3d been
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-12-20
CONFIR MED
h'MAhioAL's STORY oF
HIDING EXPLOSIVES TRUE
In investigation of Dynamite
Conspiracy Gives Startling
Evicerce.
ANOTHER REWARD PAID
TO SIECTH BURNS

Los ANGELES. Dec ia
county warrant Tor $4,000 va
drawn TO-DAY in favor 81 Detective
William J Burns This Is a..
frs % thcrewafds 90 be- paid FOR
Tie capture and conviction Of the
NcNamara brothers As far as
'he county Is concerned. accord
ms 20 District Attorney Freder.
icks. 30 other rewards will be-
paid
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-12-20

cHIdrsn's Fancy Lsssins zoe. ase.
3s- HcFADDEs's
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-15
IN MIDST OF HARVEST.
Great Quantities Of Ice Being Shipped
to Outside Towns.

The Crystal Ice company of Calu-
met this week began cutting ice on
Portage Lake and shipping to Calumet
for storage. This is the first time this
company has done the work on Por-
tage Lake themselves as the Twin City
Ice company formerly cut the ice for
the Calumet company. The ice that is
being cut is from seventeen to eight
cen inches In thickness and Is very
good for storage.
The Twin City Ice company will
next week move into offices recently
built on West Sheldon street and will
then begin cutting and storing ice for
their own. From $50 to 200 carloads of
Ice will this year be shipped out OF
town, while about 800 carloads will be
stored In the ice house recently erect
ed, making a total of 5000 cords of ice
cut this season.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-15
Houehton Department

west. where lands are advertised so
much. with the statements OF the
large crops TO be grown, the farmer
expends more than his profits in get
ting his products 10 the market. Here
that expense is not maintained, for
the reason that the farmers have a
ready market. and the money expend-
ed in getting their products TO mar
kets as is necessary i'm other COM
munities. can be placed to other and
better uses here.
Investors have frequently been
caught by advertisements of western
irrigated land. which Investigation
proved TO be practically worthless. The
same people could profltably invest
their money right here at home If they
have any desire to engage in agricul-
ture.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-15
EXPECT A SLOW START.
Owners Will Hold Boats in Port in
the Spring. t9s

The outlook is for a very SLOW start
in the lake trade next season, and
some of the Independent owners are
planning on holding their boats in
port until June or later, says
Cleveland dispatch. There will be
very little demand for wild tonnage
during the early part Of the season"
said the manager of a big fleet yes
terday, and | have notified our cap
tains and engineers that 1t will be
pretty late before we will do any work
in the way of fitting out.
I'VE will not start our boats until
they are wanted by the shippers. and
we notified our men regarding the
conditions so they could mako other
arrangements. The managers of 9TH
er fleets have notified their captains
and engineers regarding the uncer-
tainty of placing their boats in com.
mission during the early part of the
season"
1t will he some time before the
question of freight contracts is taken
up, and some of the ore men are of
the opinion that the season will open
before carrying charges are fixed
While the boat men look for a poor
start, they feel quite confident that
there will be a fair demand for ton
mage during the latter part of the
season and that there will be a fair
finish. The Improvement VIII be slow
i'm coming. they say. IL too much ca
pacity is placed in commission at the
start.
a number of steamers have been
chartered for coal and grain for the
first trip. but some of them will prob
ably have I'd lay up after they deliver
their cargoes.
The movement of ore from the Lake
Erie docks to the furnaces is still
light, but IL is expected that shipments
will be better after the middle Of the
month.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-15
HouoHToN BREvITIEs.


John w. Black has returned from
n tour of Mexico
j. c. Vivian of Duluth is registered
at the Douglass House.
Oscar Lebis of Chippewa Falls is IN
the copper country on business.
A. w. Gribble of Marquette is visit
ing friends in the copper country for
a few days.
+. b. Baldwin of Detroit and NJ. w
Shafer OF the 500 are registered at the
Douglass House.
r.. H. Rice of Chicago returned this
afternoon TO Chicago after a few days
business visit i'm the copper country
a conference and banquet of the
teachers OF the Grace VI. f. Sunday
school win be held i'm the parlors of
the church Friday evening.
Miss Anna NJ. Nye of the Hough-
ton Central kindergarten will have
charge of a mothers meeting to be
held next Tuesday afternoon
Mr.. and Mrs. Van Orden and family
left yesterday afternoon for st. Aug
Justine, Fla, where they will spend the
remaining months of the winter.
The Charter business college, es-
tablished i'm Houghton two years ago,
has passed into the hands of A. j.
Holden for the past five years head OF
the Laurium commercial school. Mr..
Holden completed the transaction
Saturday. Mr.. Holden also manages
the Twin City Business college of
Menominee.
Amendatory Articles of Association
were yesterday filed in the office of
County Clerk Kaiser by the Keweenaw
Copper company, changing the main
offices of the company from the city
of New York TO Hancock. The arti-
cles were signed by C. w. Wright
president of the company and C. A.
Wright. Jr, secretary of the company
The following names, with the usual
Information, were yesterday added TO
the growing lists of applicants for
naturalization in the county clerks
office: Otto Hamalainen, Finland,
Franklin. 500, 1901; Andrew MAXI.
Finland. Franklin, New York, 1890;
Lars A. Lundahl. Finland, Franklin.
Calumet, 1902; and Manno Wickstrom.
Finland, Calumet, New York, 1903.
On the recent trip of the Portage
Lake hockey team TO Chicago the
players met John Juntunen, a former
Houghton boy who left the city a
number of years ago and went to
Canada. II was reported some time
ago that Juntunen had been burned in
a fire at Toronto. ontario. and as his
friends I'm Houghton had not heard
from him they believed this report
Con Kennedy. manager of the Par
ker Shows which are wintering al
Leavenworth, KAN, left this after
noon for Chicago after a several days
business visit I'm Houghton. Mr.. Ken
nedy states that he has made no defin-
lite contracts for the appearance of his
shows in the county the coming sum
mer but will return in about seven
weeks to look for further opportunities
here.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-15
Recognition Of Union Will Be De.
manded by Seamen.

II is generally believed among ma
rine men. that the engineers Of the
Great Lakes will sign for the coming
season without signing contract
such as the engineers were asked TO
sign for last season, and which came
very near resulting in the strike of
All the engineers on the Great Lakes.
While il is early as yet To predict,
says the Duluth Herald, and while
vessehnen VIII have nothing definite to
say ON the matter from the gossip
channels Of organized labor comes the
statement that the engineers will sim
ply sign at a certain wage scale, pre-
sumably the same wage scale that was
paid last year, and this wage agree
ment will constitute the only bond
Of understanding between the en-
ployer and employee
II is also stated. unofficially. that
the seamen of the Great Lakes will
again renew their demand for a trade
agreement with their employers. Last
year the vesselmen of the Great Lakes
refused to recognize the organized
sailors Of the lakes, with the result
that the vessels had what might be
called open shop.
AT the beginning Of last season there
was some trouble and a strike was
threatened. Some vessels were inter
fered with as the crews were unload
ing at the lower lake docks and for
a while il looked as if IT would be a
fight 10 the finish between the own
ers and the seamen's union. Finally
the matter for some reason ceased to
be a very live issue I'm Great Lakes
labor circles, though banners were
carried at the principal ports of the
Great Lakes during the summer ask
ing union men not TO sign for labor
on the vessels.
If the reports that have been given
out here are correct, the seamen will
again make a fight for the recogni-
ton Of their union by the vesselmen
and will ask that the closed shop rule
be recognized.
II is too early at the present time
for the employment of men and ma
turally no declaration has yet come
from the vesselmen on the attitude
they will assume. But IL the rumors
that are preceding the opening of the
season are to be relied upon, when II
comes time for the signing of men
the old question regarding the OBJ
scrvance Of the closed shop on the
vessels Of the Great Lakes will con-
tinue 90 be bone of contention be-
tween the employer and employe of
the five Great Lakes.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-15
ANOTHER GAME
With CANUCKS
PORT ARTHUR DESIRES MATCH
WITH PORTAGE LAKE ON
FAST icE-WilL PLAY
TOMORROW NIGHT.

The Port Arthur hockey team viii
Try conclusions with Portage Lake
once more. tomorrow night at the AM
phidrome. The assertion OF the Port
Arthur team that they can defeat
Portage Lake on hard. fast ice Will
then be put TO the test and the fastest
game seen In the copper country this
season is likely To be the result Ar
rangements for the contest were made
last night at Calumet. as the playing
II game Thursday night depended
upon the postponement of the Mohawk
Portage Lake game schedules for
Friday night at Mohawk. The post
ponement was effected.
AT the conclusion of Monday nights
game at the Amphidrome, Manager
Reid of the Port Arthur team was APP
preached I'm regard To the probability
of a return game at Port Arthur some
time this winter. He stated that
nothing would suit him and the MEM
bers of his team better than such an
arrangement, but as the management
Of the Port Arthur rink was in other
hands and as a number of games had
already ben postponed because of the
present trip to the copper country, ne
gotiations would have TO be carried on
after their return to their own city.
The desire for another try at the Por-
tage Lake team, however, prompted
him to make the suggestion that n
game be played Thursday night here,
when II would likely be colder and
the ice harder Manager CroZe would
not consent to the arrangement unless
the Mohawk game could be postponed
as his team had already passed
through three very hard contests
within n week and needed rest. AS
Mohawk was cut off from telephone
communication because of yesterdays
sleet storm Manager CroZe accompan-
led the Port Arthur team to Calumet
last night to consult the management
of the Mohawk seven. who very court
eously consented to the postponement
of the game. The date for the Mo-
hawk game has not yet been set.
The Calumet news. [volume] (Calumet, Mich.) 1907-1938, 1911-02-15
THAT HOCKEY DANCE.
Committees Appointed for High
School Party Friday Evening.

The final arrangements for the
dance to be given tomorrow evening
in the Amphidrome hall by the MEM
bers of the Houghton high school
hockey team, were made this week
Assurances have been received from
the members Of the Calumet, Dollar
Bay and Hancock hockey teams and
their friends, as well as from Lake
Linden Young people. that they will
be present. The students Of the
Houghton high school also are assist
ing the movement in every way.
The following committees have
been appointed:
Musical committee-Elmer Their
iault and Ralph Nickerson.
Refreshment committee Gladys
Kincaid, Annie McVickar. Leona Nc
Curdy and Lucille Strobel.
Decorating committee-Annic Car
roll, Alice Weber, Carl Mills, John
Chynowoth and Fritz Alt.
The members of the hockey team
will act as reception committee and
make their visiting friends at home.
The musical committee has engaged
the Quincy orchestra. which will rem
der twenty-five selections. The dec
Grating committee has embellished
the Anphidrome hall with cedar
boughs. banners. electric lights and
other trimmings.