New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1911-02-08
VOCABULARY OF
AVIATION IS OUT
Official Technical Terms For
Great Britain Announced.
HANGAR PLACED UNDER BAN.


eian Word Of Many Pronunciations
Aerial Dictionary Covers Field From
Asro.tatic. to the HeIicoptsrs and
ornithoptsrs.
The technical words committee
which has been constituted by the
Aeronautical Society Of Great Britain
for the purpose Of standardizing aero
nautical Technology has decided on
terms and definitions.
1t will be noticed that favorite
term in America, hangar, whose many
RECOMMENDATIONS puzzled enthusiasts, IS
frowned upon and plain shed recon-
mended as preferable. The list fol-
lows:
Aeronautics-The entire science of aerial
navigation
Aerastatics-The science Of buoyancy In
air by means of displacement. inns ID
therefore the term to be applied TO the
science of aerOstation.
Aerodynamics-The science relating 10
the effects produced by air In motion.
This is therefore the term to 'be applled
to the science of aviation.
Aerostation-That part of aerial naviga-
ton dealing with gas borne or lighter
than air. machines.
Ayiation-That part Of aerial navigation
dealing with dynamically raised or "heav-
Ter than air. machines.
Aeronaut-Onc who practices any pranch
Of aerial navigation.
Aviator-One who practices aviation
Pilot-An aeronaut qua1hed IN aerlai
navigation.
Engineer-In charge Of the power plant.
Helmsman-In charge of the steering.
shed-The use of the term "shed' is rec
commended instead of hangar
Harbor-A natural or artificial shelter.
Aerodrome-A ground set apart for fly
ing purposes. The committee does not
recommend this term, but in view of Its
somewhat general use suggests that II
should be employed only IN the ABOVE
sense This suggestion is made without
prejudice either to it's derivation or TO It's
application in another sense by authors
such as Langley, Manchester and Graham
Bell. 49,,
Dirigible-A power driven balloon.
Airship-This term having occasionally
been used to denote aeroplane, the COM
mittee recommends its use only IN the
sense of dirigible in order to avoid con-
fusion.
Helieopter and ornithopter.
Helicopter-A flying machine supported
by one or more screw propellers rotating
on vertical or approximately vertlcai
shafts.
Ornithopter "happing wing" ma
chine.
Flvine machine-A generic term denot-
ing machines used in aviation as distinct
from those employed in aerOstation.
Aeroplane-A flying machine provided
with fixed planes supported Dramatically
by it's movement through the air. ms
! term should not be used to denote the
| planes themselves. but should only apply
/ to the whole machine.
Glider-An aeroplan? unprovided with
motive power.
Multiplane-An aeroplane with two or
more main planes overlapping in plan
form.
Biplane-An aeroplane with two SUPER
posed main planes overlapping In plan
form.
Monoplane-An aeroplane with single
main supporting plane, which may con-
sist of q pair of wings outstretched on
either side of central body.
Tandem, stepped-In some cases aero
planes have more than one pair Of wings,
which may or may not be on the same
level. Such planes, If they do not over
lap in plan form, must necessarily be ar
! ranged In tandem" When not on the
| same level they are said to be stepped"
For instance, al dcIOptdnS HAVING I'LL So
| pairs Of wings stepped in tandem
Principal Dimensions.
| Area-Thls term is not technical def
| milton unless qualified by an adjective, as
/! for instance. "supporting" or effective
! area BY area is meant In the case OF
| planes the area Of the plan form and II
therefore measured in units Of double sur.
! face; that Is to say, both sides or sur
| faces are counted as one unit Of area
| Thus by an area Of 500 square feet IS i'm.
piled a surface Of twice 500 square feet.
Standardization is drawn to the dis.
tinction that exists between surface and
area. Sec area.
Weight - This, being a general term
| should only be used when qualified by ar
! adjective, such as met weight
i Net Weight-The weight of the complete
! machine exclusive of variable quantities
! such as pilot, fuel lubricants, etc.
Gross Weight-The weight Of the com
| plete machine inclusive Of all variable
!. quantities-that is. pilot, fuel, lubricants
/ etc.
| its gross weight in pounds divided by the
| supporting area in square feet.
Principal Parts.
Planetary element of area used fol
! dynamic support or control In pure aero
| dynaullcS the term Snould only % uSet
with qualifying adjective. such a:
fiat" Curved or "cambered." The pre-
fix "aero" is restricted to the complete
machine defined as an 'aeroplane."
Wins-The present use Of this term b!
analogy with natural fight denotes eacf
Of pair of planes outstretched on eithe
side of central body, which wings 1
continuous would form a single plane.
Body--In flying machines the centra
longitudinal framework to which tn
planes and organs of control and propul
sion are attached.
! Carriage-That part of the machine be
meath the body intended for Its supper
on land or water.
Tail-In flying machines plane or grou
of subsidiary planes, which may includ
both horizontal and vertical planes behin
the main planes.
Elevator-A movable plane or group O
planes for directing and controlling tn
machine vertically.
Rudder-A plane or group Of planes TO
| guiding a machine TO right or left
4 Balancer-in aeroplanes an organ, usual
ly a plane for maintaining lateral eQui
librilnn.