davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1911-03-08
THE END OF TUBERCULOSIS
Consumption and Poverty.
By DIR. OSCAR H. ROGERS.

By DIR. OSCAR H. ROGERS.
Mr.. Charles Booth in his nota-
BILE study of poverty as he found
it in the city of London esti-
mates that 30 per cent of all
chronic poverty is caused by ill
health. 1t would be a most in
teresting study to determine by
careful research how large a
proportion of this i'll health
which causes poverty is due to
consumption alone. If 80 per
cent of the deaths among our
adult population, taken as a
whole, are due to tuberculosis
may we not say that at least
SO per cent of deaths among the
very poor are due to that dis
ease? My own impression is
high, that consumption and
chronic poverty constitute a vi
cious circle, each reacting SO as
to produce the other, and that
no real progress may be made in
our campaign unless we some
how manage to break this vi
cious circle. I wish to strongly
urge thie point of view. that our
campaign must be directed
against the tuberculosis of the
very poor. Poverty and igno-
rance unite to produce those con-
ditions which favor the spread
of consumption. Consumption
contributes nightly to the pow
erty an6 ignorance among us.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1911-03-08
The Art of EmbaInina.

The modern embalmers have not re-
covered the secret of the art as prac-
ticed by the old Egyptians and prob
ably never will Some of the bodies
known to US as ''mummies" buried
5000 or 1000 years ago are still in a
state of perfect preservation Back
of the ancient art lay religious creed.
The ancient Egyptian believed that
after many thousands of years the
soul came back to find its body and
that if it was not found the soul wan
dered forever in misery and wretched-
ness; hence it was absolutely neces-
sary to preserve the body, and hence.
finally, The embalmer's art.-New York
American.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1911-03-08
Proner ChiIIs.

1--WE had cold chills running over
me all day" the thin man complained
'tYou ought to be glad of that" said
his heartless friend.
st don't think understand you.
Why should I be glad?"
'tOh, well. you know. it is quite an
ordinary thing to have cold chills.
There's no cause for alarm. Just think
what an extraordinary thing it would
be If you should have hot chills rum
ming over you."-New York Press. .
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1911-03-08
THE END OF TUBERCULOSIS
Concerning Predisposition.

By DR.. LAWRENCE F. FLICK.
Some families undoubtedly are
more prone to tuberculosis than
others. This is true not only of
families but of races Predispo-
sition is usually divided into
three kinds fndividual, family
and racial. The individual pre-
disposition is often brought
about by improper living and by
excess in eating and drinking.
Family predisposition may be
due to inherited tendencies or to
environment under which the
family lives. Racial predisposi-
ton appears to hinge largely
upon the length of time to which
the race has been exposed to the
disease and the resistance which
the race has built up against the
disease.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1911-03-08
THE END OF TUBERCULOSIS
The Business of Sitting Out.
By LOUIS HAMMAN, M. D.

BY LOUIS HAMMAN, M. D.
You must address yourself to
the task of sitting outdoors day
after day most faithfully. You
must make it your constant oc-
cupation and stick to it as
though you were paid money for
it. If you do not get the idea
of continuous rest firmly set in
your mind you will not succeed.
By rest / mean lying down in a
bed or chair in the fresh air.
You are not to spend any time
in a closed room except when
bathing or dressing or eating.
Rest all the time Take no exer-
else or work until your doctor
tells you-no walking, no stand
ing, no rambling, no riding, no
driving, no homework, no office
work, no chores, no trips, no Wis
its, no knocking about, no odd
jobs, no exertion of any kind
Put yourself at rest in the open
air after breakfast and stay
there. Do not be forever jump
ing up and doing little things
about the house or fetching and
carrying. Every morning sit
out; every afternoon sit out;
every evening after supper sit
out or lie In your outdoor bed.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1911-03-08
Not a Success.

Sawyer has invented a
combination broom that can be used
for a cane, a trapeze, a rolling pin. a
billiard cue, lawn mower handle and
a wooden leg. Gearing-He ought to
make money with a broom like that
Sawyer-He could If he only knew
how to adjust the blamed thing so it
would sweep.-Chicago News.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1911-03-08
Knew IL.

Little Man tthreateningly)-I say. Mr.
straightiey. did you tell Mr. Walker /
was liar?
Big Man (coolly)-No. sir. did not.
It's my opinion Mr. Walker doesn't
want any telling. -London Tit-Bits.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1911-03-08
Asst increased Him.

"How about the Nile? Great, eh?'
Eyes. AS I remember it took up
several pages in the guidebook."-
Washington Herald
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1911-03-08

The highest liberty is in harmony
with the highest law.-Giles.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1911-03-08

After crosses and losses men grow
humber and wiser-Franklin
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1911-04-09

IN the army and took command Of
me Louisiana state forces. and was
later mustered into the Confederate
service AZ Charleston he had the rank
Of brigadicr- general.
Even though the firing on Sumter
was the greatest news of the decade,
.hc DISPATCH or April IL does not give
u ilrst page The Virginia Convention
ncrupios three columns OF long winded
utn"te; there Is local news Of a
lreShtt in James River, n meeting to
orsanlZc the Mechanics institute. and
meeting Of the City Council. at
mh'cn nc Medical College petitioncd
III .'he paving OF East Marshall street.
Account Of Battle.
IN page three the resources OF the
o'''ce are taxed to find type for head
lihea-- The War Commenced: Firing
~, r"Tt sumter Begun; The Onicial
:, correspondence; Two Confederate
'roopcrs Wounded; The Harriet l>-ne
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1911-04-09

Driven or Good Firing of the Ba !
teries."
a special dispatch from Charleston
says: The war has commenced. Yes
terday morning at 1880 o'clock tho
batteries of the Confederate troops
in Charleston harbor opened fire on
Fort Sumter" Amplifying this brief
dispatch, there is given private
message received by expresident Of
the United States Tyler. then resi-
dent OF Richmond. from his son. J ohm
Tyler, Jr., at Montgomery, Ala. giving
the official correspondence between
Beauregard. Major Anderson and Sec
rotary OF War Of the Confederacy L.
=. Walker.
Editorial on Sumter.
In an editorial on April Ii the Dis.
patch says:
1T will he seen that under the
military compIlsion OF the immense
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1911-04-09

:, =,
J. ,a,n ., -, v,r,-;, 500 i,,r.-
,.,, - ~
o .h,,,,
!, ~ t,,,r npn,oa- "a
di ,,onno,;,,. l.iftv
,...rs ,co ,b;s week. Rricadicr-Gcn
~, r..ur...ra On Inc morning o:
,,,,,, - issl ononcd fire on For,
s J., ,.h,r,os,on h,rbor. Three
d,vs ,,to, Ircsidout Lincoln issuct
H., .u 90, 4 ooo troops 10 overcome
,;ra,;o,s IA noyorful 10 be sup
,,, .,
,.;rc,,i, lad
. ~.
49, a.
nion--'' i''" s'''' N'''''
Wasn''s'on
,,,,,
,,,,,,.s r.,i,,cn answer TO
Observation-Disclosures, anrordinr 10 their
i;.,,,c,lv nac;ric and ex-
,,. a;s.,,ir,d ali PURPOSES OF
The railway 'Fain "h'cr po'e '"e
commissioners 20 r''>'''''o''" " -.
'ol'o"'"S ..t
aro-s :, ~ various states FOR
s,n,ross rcbclliou
,, x, 1a,u,lo 5oolinc and by
.oror ,:ou,horn states
rt5a-.,,
'''Nf
III"
+>'a.' 49, nm,
~ ~ .r,, e,d, -,
s'irr'ns s'e''S
fresh in mind, the Virginia SohNeti-
~,
passed 'hc oiu'''aii'e - -
following day North Carolina Tenncs-
Coz and Arkansas followed Virginia S
Close study Of the newspaper flies
~ 1he ncriod shows some interesting
~, j.,
800 800 80 :"
contemporaneouS history. Inc tc!e-
graph had como into being only as the
,oarer ~ ,be hriefest dispatchcs 10 he
,,.;o, 49,. -, ,.,+.rs ara ,a,n
49, III
Whlle 10 De TRANSLATED anu explained
and comm ented upon by able editors.
,
In the papers of the period the cdi-
,orial narc was tho nare nj interest
=,
80 " :
and the Examiner. Tor weeks was given
largely to tedious detailed accounts OF
debates in the Virginia constitutional
l.n,vc,,io, 80. vo,o rorcoi ~, ~
Goodc, Of Bedford, TO SHOW the senti-
ment OF the body on secession beins
.oSt ar oo"h III 'hc mass OIL oetalieo
debate
..S.,,
~ ~ ~, a,..,,
,,,a, ,i,.
ito'I, sitous po..it - auch
as "asiii''s 'oh' rs" iorA' ohtsom- :
go, 80, 80, az 40. ..s,oi', -, ~
-. -. - ',a.; u": ~ 80 49, a...r
, $500, ,;.1s, no pi,enco
,.a., -
synr.ee,or ~, DIsn.,ch Ia,,,
~ ~ ..I,,' ,"e ,. isp"ech hch ', 8
is nlaSh se,u,iicdis' ana me cyl
GINA commissioners, while the Exam
iner boldly attacked the Virginia Con
vention for its submission policy, and
rs continued efforts TO delay secession
in the interests OF peace. Governor
Letcher came in for sharc ~ 49,.
torial criticism. the Examiner openly
charging him win havina III, ~,
Lincoln 4 Statement VIII, !, ~ ~, -
drew unquaIifedls- h few day,, ,a,ar
on publica,ion of rins,n,. ~ n, . .a.e'
ton from Inc Goyernor holdI,, 800.
Ing to acccde to presioent J,no s,ns
demand for yireIni. traa, i1'n.ol'
The southa,n st,,es Ups 70 attack
S'aes'
yitrioiic Editorials.
me Dlspatch. predecessor OF the
time by Cowardin and i ljam,,, al IN, me
daily except Sunday. The hrinr a.,
Sumter was briefly Indicated IN to,a
grams in Saturdays paper. but there
vas no extra and people waited
Until Mondays papers for full detars
~ H. -, t
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1911-04-09
Surviving Confederate Generals and Their Addresses
by GENERALLY arcuI

Lieut. General S. B. Buckner,
Munsfordsville, KY.
Major General r. F. Hoke, Raj
eigh, N. c.
ajor-General CIVIC Lee, Burke,
Fairfax Co., Va.
Major General L. L. Lomax, Get
tysburg, Pa.
Major-G General C.J.Polignac, Rad
mansdorf-P odeim, Austria.
Brig-General F. M. CockrelI,
Washington, D. c.
Brig-General VIM. R. Cox, 500
West Grace ST., Richmond, Va.
Brig-General ]. A. De Lagncl,
Alexandria, Va.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1911-04-09

ter Major Anderson declined to sur
render"
The First Gun.
The fight followed at daylight. The
hfSi gun was fired from the Fort John
son batteries not by Edmund Runln, Of
Nlrsihia, as has been claimed, but by
captain George s. lanes. Of South Car
DINA, who received verbal orders from
captain stephen y. Lee then n mem
per OF Bcaiircgard's staff. and later /.
uist'nsuishcd general OF the Confed-
crate service and comma nder-in- chief
OF me United Confederate Veterans at
me Richmond reunion Of 1907 The
papers, OF the date describe Bcauregard
as having served in The United states
Hi!hy twenty-five years and reached
the rank OF major
DC was appointed late in 1860 as su-
Perintendtnt Of the Military Academy
a. west Point. which position he re-
signed and, following the secession OF
Louisiana, he resigned his commission
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1911-04-09

HEROES pEcEAs AS
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Mane erme Rnhmona '"h' i's"an' '"
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ALcoSrEr Apnrc,p1
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olDco COMRADES
nsrcx nAno,s un,cur
NEVER FAILS
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nnraon,n ounrnors
Managing . s.,s 5 Tn " M. WIN" " "n m s ]
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"''<' . ss,s . me- rns.". !. m. "%"%..s H.
- - - - - win en@r m"rr. q =. dead. - LOGAN
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1911-04-09

ter Major Anderson declined to sur
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1911-04-09

Henry RDavidson BgGeneral Thos Logan 80
Address not known Morning Side Park, N. Y. City.
IL BrgGenera Basil W. Duke, BgGeneral John McCausland
Louisville Ky. Mason Co., w. Va.
Brig General Clement Evans BgGeneral cambridge MRea
Atlanta, Ga Address known.
t. BrgGeneral Samuel Fergu BgGenera Francis Nichols
son. Greenvile, Miss Baton Rouge, La
C. Govan Mem BrgGeneral Roger A. Pryor
phs, Tenn. New York, N Y.
!, BrgGeneral ~ " Kirkland BrgGeneral William McComb
Address not known Louisa Va
30 BrgGenea VIM p Roberts Brg-General lame. S;mms
a. Weldon, ~ Z. Georgia
i, BrgGeneal VIM Miller, Point BrgGeneral Marcus Wroht
Washington Fla War Dept, Washington, D. c.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1911-04-09

Files Of Local Newspapers Depict WithWon-
derful Accuracy Martial Events Of
Half a Century Ago.

threatened secession. its statesmen
proposing the Modification act" as
Graham guardian., 1911-12-08
Saving Squash.

The squashes on our vines last yea:
were only fairly set on September 6
when signs Of frost were apparent
We covered each little squash with
lawn clippings and left the cavering
on for several weeks. says writer In
an exchange. The leaves died, but
the roots continued to aT9rd nourish.
ment to the squashes. which we're OF
the Marblehead and 5utman varieties.
BY October 25 they were quite large,
when they were gathered, carried to
dry, warm rom and laid on the
floor before a sunny window. In two
weeks more lhey were in nice condi,
tion for cooking, fairly dry and of good
flavor.
Graham guardian., 1911-12-08
Economical Horse FEEDING.

In localities where large quantities
of hay are produced and there Is not
handy market farmers have adopted
the custom of feeding their horses all
the hay they will eat and giving little
grain to horses that are not working
regularly during the winter. This
seems to be an economy, and to a
limited extent 1t likely is, but consid-
ering the high price of hay this year |
doubt whether the excessive feeding
of hay to horses will prove an econ
omy. Half Of the hay usually fed and
moderate ration of a well-selected
grain will keep the horses in better
condition than such large hay feed
ing, says writer in an exchange.
Considering the prices Of both the
grain will prHe more economical
ration, and would suggest that farm
ers do little figuring along the horse
feeding line
If horses will really winter better
on more grain and less hay, now Is a
good time to adopt such line of
feeding. 1t looks as If some of us
will be forced to such course.
whether we are willing or not.
Graham guardian., 1911-12-08
MULCHING THE
STRAWBERRY BED
Where Straw Ia Not Readily OBJ
tainable Il 10 Difficult to Get
q Covering of Right
Thickness.

tBy II. F. GRINsTEAD. Missouri)
Where straw is readily obtainable
1t is difficult to spread properly over
the strawberry plants 80 that 1t will
be thick enough yet not smother the
plants or require raklng Off In the
string.
4, A mulch of oats or sorghum is the
'oest thing know OF that may be
sown between the rows.
Oats alone has been tried. but from
the fact that we often have very
dry fall 1t has not always made q
satisfactory growth before frost.
Sorghum or kafilr corn are dry
weather plants. and II there Is SUN.
cient moisture In the soil to germin-
ate the seed they will grow till frost.
A good plan Is to SOW oats and sor-
Rhum OF bats and kaffir corn In mix.
Graham guardian., 1911-12-08
sow ALFALFA IN DRY AREAS
Plant Produces Better Crops on Land
That Has Been Worked Than
on Newly Broken Soil.

The advice which claims that alfalfa
should not be sown as the first crop
on breaking Is good, but the reasons
for the same are not always correct.
1t Is generally claimed that time
should be given for the sod to decay,
writes Prof Thos. Shaw in the Dako-
| Ia Farmer. There Is measure OF
truth in that explanation, but 1t Is not
the real reason why alfalfa does bet
ter at later period. other things be-
ing equal
Where the normal precipitation Is
low, say from 10 to Is inches. the sod
Is dry and hard. In many instances
1t has not been wet down to the depth
/, OF more than three to four feet, and
In many instances to much less
depth. II alfalfa is sown as the first
crop, no time has been given for
the soil moisture to go. If the ground
was dry at the time Of plowing and
the weather remains dry, the moisture
will not have gone down much far
ther than the depth of the plowing.
The alfalfa will probably grow quickly
until the roots reach the dry ground.
This they will not penetrate as long
as It remains dry.
the subsoil and made 1t moist. the
alfalfa roots would have followed. The
result would have been strong plants.
and good yields should be expected In
succeeding years.
The explains. In part at least. why
alfalfa produces better crops when
sown on land that has been worked
a while than when sown on newly
broken land. The longer that the
land has been judiciously worked. the
deeper the soil moisture may be ex.
pected to go, up to certain limit.
That limit should not be less than
eight to ten feet.
When alfalfa starts vigorously and
the plants soon become strong. they
have greater power to establish good
root system in the soil. The plants
should not be too crowded or the
moisture supply will not be enough.
and the plants will be correspondingly
weak. In an abnormally dry season
such plants will not furnish large
yields.
What has been said does not imply
that alfalfa should never be sown on
breaking or on land that Is quite new.
But 1t does imply that the aim should
be. where it Is practicable, to SOW 1t
on land that has moisture which has
gone down for considerable distance
into the subsoil. That is one reason
why it is so important to summer.fal.
low land before alfalfa Is sown on 1t.
The growth Of the alfalfa, other things
being equal. will be proportionate to
the amount OF moisture in the subsoil.
Graham guardian., 1911-12-08

our selection and mating be seeking
to improve the type and standard In
our herd.
The best special purpose animal is
none too good. Never strive to pro
duce general purpose animal by
mixing beef and dairy breeds. Aim
to produce the animal whose special
characteristic Is the cheap production
of pound Of butter or gallon OF
milk.
Always seek to have the crosses In
harmony. Do not mate extremes.
vigor and constitution are two essen
tials. Unless a COW possesses vigor in
constitution she will make poor
breeder.
Do not inbreed unless you have q
definite object In view, such as inten-
styling some particular good quality
and then do 1t by breeding the sire to
some OF his own get
This should not be followed up too
closely. Plan to have the heifers drop
their first calves at about "a to 80
months Of age. Their offspring will
be more vigorous and there will be
better results tnan by forcing an i'm
mature animal to bear progeny.
Breed cows are large feeders. Feed
them liberal ration of milk-produc-
ing foods and give them the best Of
care. Keep in mind that bad quail.
tiles are more easily transmitted than
the good ones.
Graham guardian., 1911-12-08
POULTRY NOTES.

s Always keep your poultry house
light and dry.
Any person can keep poultry, but
every one cannot get poultry to keep
him.
Kindness wins--even with chickens
1t is said that hawks never attack
ducklings.
Poultry cannot be successfully
raised without the application OF brain
and muscles.
The country fairs are announced.
Be sure not to miss them, especially
the home one.
You will secure much better stock
for the poultry yard by purchasing
cockerels early.
The man who uses system is the
one who accomplishes the most work
with the least effort.
The dust bath is necessary to the
he ealth and is great aid to keep the
fowls free from lice.
Do not neglect the pullets, for the
sooner they are matured the sooner
they will begin to lay. TO
Weak chicks from poor stock will
never repay the owner for the time he
puts in caring for them.
Turkey raisers find 1t profitable to
have guinea fowls with the turkey
flock They act as police.
Feed plenty of meat in the form OF
table scraps, beef scraps or cut fresh
bone, and your pullets will lay earlier
and better
Most poultry raisers overfeed. for
getting in their interest in prospective
chicken dinners the fact that fat hens
will not lay steadily.
Graham guardian., 1911-12-08
NEW OUTFIT FOR IRRIGATION
Water Litter Of Recent Manufacture
is Excellent for Use on Ex-
tremely High Ground.

Farmers who either flooded or ran
water down listed out burrows before
the crop was planted this last spring
are the ones, II they irrigated at the
proper periods afterward, who are
reaping the potatoes, beets and gar
den truck. Where no irrigating was
done until after the crop was up the
crop was much less. and In some
cases, even with proper watering, the
crop has been failure, simply be-
cause Of no bottom moisture at the
start
A trial is being made of many
kinds Of pumps. makeshifts. eleva-
tors and lifters. Each class has
its place--its advocates. The centifu-
gal pumps are hard to beat on low
lifts, but where the water must be
raised, say 20 feet or over. they have
some capable competitors, writes c.
Bolles In the Farm. Stock and Home.
One OF these is a true water litter. OF
rather recent manufacture, which lifts
the water to 20 feet or more with less
power than many other styles The
litter in use here is the 500-gallon-per-
minute type and requires four horse
power for that capacity.
The machine consistr essentially of
Sc eight-gallon buckets galvanized
sheet steeD swung between two cog
chains. These chains turn about two
large cog wheels suspended loosely
In the well (or pitt, at the top the
chain cog wheels get their power
through back-geared friction pulleys.
There are two shaftings; one carries
the chain cog wheel and larger fric-
tion wheels. the other the belt rulley
and smaller friction pulleys.
As the ascending buckets begin
their backward journey the water is
dumped into a centrally placed recep-
tacle. directly underneath the shaft
ings. From this vessel the water
flows out around the ascending buck
cts to an outflowing trough. There is
brake, so that II the machine stops
at any time the chains are locked
right where they stop running. Fric-
ton Is also reduced to minimum
through the use Of roller bearings.
The farmer who bought this litter
paid something like $3.50 for 1t, or with
the engine the outfit would cost him
about $425. One good feature OF this
machine is that he is running 1t with
a two-horsepower engine, though but
one-third to one-half the buckets are
In use.
The operator is working on the
problem Of pumping from wells. the
wells being supplied from sand points
driven in the bottom. At present
from well feet across, II feet to
water, feet of water, and four
points, two Is feet down and the
other two q feet down. the dow Is
close to 60 gallons per minute. These
points are two inches in diameter.