davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-31

after the outbreak. During the first six
weeks after the declaration of war
France and Germany will each have to
lay hands on S300.0G0.OGo. That is the
mere preparation and mobilization cost.
borne by the government alone. But not
only the government, but all private in
terests will make Il sudden demand for
gold. Industries will require at least
S250,0Uo, coo to finance war contracts, and
an additional @30,OtH01o will be required
on the business market to meet anxiety
calls that is, demands due to sudden
canceling of credit calling in of loans.
mortgages etc. The actual amount of
extra ready money needed by Germany
Immediately after the beginning Of hos
tilities Will therefore, be $51o.GocoO. So
estimates Riesser.
To meet such demands and to prevent
universal panic no single European state
has made proper provision Europe
capacity Tor borrowing. Germany alone
has an imperial war treasure which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-31

up again. In fact, the war machine Is
faultless. But who has the fuel to SCI
il working? Who will plump down the
cash for war between England and &c :
many and for the resulting Armageddon
between the triple alliance and the
triple entente?
Is Herr Bebel right when he says the
coming Franco-Gerrnan war will cost
S75O.OO0Oo0 month. or $9.0OoCO0.o0O
year? II England. Austria, Italy and
Russia join in, may it be assumed that
the war will cost in proportion-that is,
1000, 10000 for the first year? Not to
mention the second And who will pay
the $oI, GO0C0O,0OO?
Europe's brilliant statesmen waste no
time on this Insignificant problem; they
are far too busy brewing these glorious
wars-a business easier far than carry
ing them gloriously on. But frivolous,
unpolitical people-fnanciers, economists.
statisticans, traders-would like to know
who will pay. Is there not a risk, they
ask, that We shall be beaten by some
nation weaker in arms. but fatter In
money bags? Is there not risk, as the
Polish banker Bloch said. that financial
ruin Will supervene before either side
can win? Modern wars, reasoned Bloch.
cannot be finished in q hurry. Europe's
frontieSs are too Well fortified: and even
If Germany is really superior to France
for instance. 1T will take her whole
months 10 break through the gap in the
Vosges.F But as neither Germany nor
France can stand the economic strain Of
a war for more than three months they
must both desist from exhaustion before
either has Won And that being So they
mad better not go to war a. all.
But this reasoning is not fiavless
Neither combatant may be able to stand
The financial strain OF long war; but
both will not break down at the same mo-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-31

in the far east cost Japan $3.50 COl.C0o
and Russia S723EJo.oUb. not counting lost
ships. Only toward the end had either
side anything like u million men in the
field.
The coming Armageddon will cost in
fnitely more than these. because the ar
mics i'll the field will be bigger, and be-
cause food, clothes, arms and amn!un'-
ton every year cost more, and more of
them Will be wasted. Moderate estimates
are that war lasting a year will cost
France, Germany and England each
about $500. 900 600. Russia's yearly bill
would be $3.50. 100000 and Ita1y's and
Austria about S1,50O,0p,C00.
Prof. RiesSer, the best German au-
thority on war finance, finds these csti
mates too high. lie says that if Germany
calls 3.UOupb men under arms, putting
100000 i'll the Field and holding 100000
for GarriSons and reserves. she will pay
for the first year only 81 60. 0050Ua. The
cost to France would be about the same.
RiesserS calculations are extremely mi
mute. He finds that the greatest financial
embarrassment Will be felt Immediately
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-31

green's and berries. to the home of the
nobleman. The lord and his family well
come them. horse and ALL indoors, and
the children of his household give money
to each. After this a procession of deco
rated animals led by children slowly pass
the house. and then follow old women
able evergreen. These fowls are the peas
ants New Year gift to their master.
At midnight the peasants surround a
large jar of water. waiting and watching
to See IL transformed into wine on. the
stroke Of the hour. Each year renews this
performance. not in Russia alone but in
parts of Germany as We'll, the peasantry
firmly believing that the only requisite
for repetition of the miracle of the fea st
of Cana of Galilee is a sufficient degree
of faith.
The Russians devote the second day of
the year to calling. pleasure in which
even the children share
China and japan also preserve this an
Gent custom.
1t is regrettable that New Year calls
have so fallen into disfavor throughout
our own country. Calling on New Year
used to be the distinctive feature Of the
day in parts of America 1t originated
among the Dutch in New York city. 1t
was discontinued, however. in abouc the
middle Of the nineteenth century when it
became u mere burlesque. "a rabid and
untamed race against time The visitors
would jump out of the carriage, rush to
the house and reappear in a miraculously
short time There was a noisy and hilar-
Gus greeting. a glass of wine was swat
lowed hurriedly, everybody shook hands.
and the callers dashed out to the next
house. Then. too. more serious than this
to the society woman, was the way in
which social upstarts. and. in fact those
having no social stand ng at all, would
infringe upon her hospitality SO il was
little wonder that under such abuse the
custom should die out in America
New Year in France is the gayest festi-
val Of the year, and its principal charm
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-31
Well Matched.
From the Cleveland Plain Dealer

THotH tfe NItveIdnd Plain Dealer.
Really modern couples are just as apt
to be truly mated as the old-fashioned
sort Of which We read about in the ro-
mances. A young Clevelander who is
often described as a imam about town"
became engaged not long ago. and he
spoke as follows to the lady who had hon.
ored him: IT don't want TO have anything
that l must hide after we are married
dear. So I may well tell you that
play poker. smoke cigarettes, I drink,
stay out late and bet on the races
I'm glad 10 hear YOU say So" said the
up-to-date girl. brightly. II was afraid
that you and wouldn't be perfect coGa-
panions.,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-31
leas115As fhe> New Year IS Borr\9 K s.

the monarch would find reference to
some of his own domestic failings.
The custom of lavishing presents on
the rulers of nations reached its height
of extravaganza in the reign of Queen
Elizabeth, when the people filled her
purse to overlooking with gold and the
most precious gems. her wardrobe with
the richest clothes and her larder with
the rareSt delicacieS.
In olden days the New Year feast
played an important part, and the was
sail was It's most famous dish. The word
''wassair' is equivalent to heres to your
health" Though wassailing is practical
ly extinct. We have its counterpart. in
the toast of the present day. The head
of the household in England first drank
from the wassail bowl and then passed it
on to his family and friends In early
times the wasSail consisted of only Il
large bowl of spiced ale. but later it
was made of mixed ingredients of the
most intricate compromising.
1.-The recipe exceeds anything in our
modern cookbook says Helen Patten
in her book 1.-THE Years Festivals 1T
contained eight kinds of spices. six bottles
OF ale. sherry. or Madeira. twelve eggs,
well whisked up and various fruits
After many processes of slow and brisk
adding OF ingredients and pouring from
one dish to another, the mixture was
boiled till a fine froth was obtained,
Then with the tossing in of twelve soft
roasted apples, it was sent up hot.
:: =.
The poor young women passed from one
wealthy house to another with their rib
bon-bedecked wassair bowls asking
through song for portion of wassail or
n contribution of money. If their efforts
failed TO elicit recognition. the carol
quickly changed to one less pleasing.
Into the early Part OF the nineteenth
century wassailing prevailed in Scotland.
Just as the clock struck II there was
general handshaking in the Scottish
home, and singing and dancing round the
table. Then the elders of the family
took their bowl Of hot wassail and a gen
erouS supply of cakes and repaired TO
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-31

change and due to the organization of
the interests of husbandmen and to edu-
eating and encouraging and making 1t
possible for them to enjoy intellectual
and social pleasure in spite of their iso-
lation.''
Senator and Mrs. Gardner now reside
in Rockland but for years resided on a
farm not far from their home town. and
both are devoted to life in the country.
Mrs. Gardner Is of the opinion that every
person who can afford a patch of land
should purchase 1t by all means and at
any sacrifice.
Life in the open and among your own
vines and fruits and vegetables" she
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-31

show an annual deficit of s100O0.ooo The
greatest Russian asset is the ''kazion-
maya Einnaya Monopolia," OR state
Vodka Monopoly" which was started as
experiment by Witte in 1885, and is
now in force all over the empire. Under
it the state is sole manufacturer, whole
sale and retail LIQUOR dealer. The mo-
nopoly has tended finally to demoralize
the muzhik. but as a financial measure
it has been brilliant success. 1t yields
an annual profit of about s225.OOOG00.
and has a capital sale value of about
81 COO, coo, COO
AT first sight. England and France,
Europe'S two richest states. are far
worse off than relatively poor Germany
and very poor Russia. They have prac-
tically no assets. France has only the
tobacco. match and powder monopolies
and England has her posts. but neither
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-31

NWOMAN no longer regards marriage
be-all and end-all of life" said
Mrs Miriam Sells Wagner at the State
Federation of Womens Clubs in New
York. Woman no longer takes Miss
Nancy Prices view of marriage
Miss Nancy said young girl. what
kind OF husband would you advise me
to choose?'
Well. my dear said old Miss Nancy,
peering over the tops Of her spectacles,
II you can't get bachelor OF a widow er.
j advise you by all means to take a di-
vorced man.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-31

is called their 'hogmanay.' In expectation
of large demands thus made upon them
the housewives busy themselves for sew
eral days beforehand in preparing a suffi-
cient quantity of cake.
The Scots consult the Bible New Year
morning to learn the family fortune for
the following Year. Before breakfast
they lay IL on the table. Then each per-
son opens 1t ut random and places a
finger on one of the chapters. From this
chapter he will gain an idea Of what
will be his fate.
Good luck is believed to follow the per-
thing. In the Worcestershire border of
Herefordshire at the stroke of II there !:
rush for the scream of the year., which
is the first pitcherful of water taken ou
of the nearest spring. the best Of luci
following the successful one.
In Germany New Year eve, or st
Sylvesters night, brings a curious bit Of
rough play. If Il person wears silk
hat in the streets OF Berlin on st. Syl-
vesterS night he meets with a queer re-
ception.
''Hut alb shouts the laughing crowd.
Hut abb he hears from every side.
Remove his hat. They are telling him
to remove his hat What can they mean?
Surely there is nothing wrong with his
hat
But they are coming toward him. Now
they strike him. Hut alb. hut alb rents
the air as blows, fab upon his head
In Il moment. amid deafenins cheers.
the top of his elegant hat flies Off and
the rest of it speedily encircles his neck.
Then. enraged, bewildered and with an
aching head. he fees to the police for
protection and redress.
Don't YOU know that YOU should not
wear a silk hat in the street on ST. Syl-
Ncstrr'S night is the question put to
him in tone implying that he is un-
pardonably ignorant
Thercupon. with the feeling Of Il repri-
manded child he can only steal away tC
privately nurse his bruises ana his out
ragged soul.
But despite the roughneSS of this di-
version it seems to amuSe every one save
the victims. No less parsonage than
The emperor himself found delight in
lending q hand incognito, even after COM
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-31

THEODORE DRESSER, the novelist
editor. was talking in New York
about criticism
II like pointed criticism" he said.
CRITICISM such as l heard in the lobby
of a thcater the other night at the end
..Ths critic was an old gentleman. His
criticism, which was for his wife's- ears
alone, consisted of these words:
well. YOU would comet"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-31
The 1912 Calendar.
WRIGHT. at a tea i'll Da

ORvILLE WRIGHT. at tea in Day
Oton, said with a laugh:
IN choosing an aeroplane, az i'll choos-
ing a wife or husband. surface quail
ties, flashy qualities, shouldn't sway us.
We shouldn't act like the girl aviator
This girl aviator discarded a swift
and stable monoplane last month for one
that WAS both shaky and slow.
Why on earth did she make this
change? an engineer asked.
oh, another engineer replied. the
new firm is getting out such handsome
1912 calendar
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-31

during war is better than Germany s
during peace. In March, $780, England
issued at 9S1a a 2a4 per cent Boer war
loan of s150,U0O,O00 1t was subscribed
eleven times over. In the same month
Bavaria appealed for d mere $10.5O0, 100.
For this she had to consent to interest
at 3i2 per cent and an issue price OF
931s.
=
x =
The late Sir Robert Giffen said that on
emergency England could appeal for
$4,000, coo at in the morning and have
il at o'clock at night. The credit OF
England and France is based on their
national wealth and Accommodations OF
capital Some German optimists dispute
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-31

CHE Has Been for Years
- Identified With the Work
of the National Changers,
Which Is So Flourishing in
the Pine Tree State-Is a
Native Of Her Present Home,
Rockland, Me-, and Was Be-
fore Her Marriage Corinna
Sherer, Daughter of Charles
Sherer of Thomaston.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-31

said. 'is really the only life worth while.
/ think If possible it is very agreeable to
be near city and go there for amuse-
ment and for a change. But life in its
truest and fullest sense can be enjoyed
only In the country. for that is really the
natural life. and tho city is onl! the
result OF artificial conditions attendant on
progress and advance. OF course, I know
that many must live in the city and per-
form the tasks assigned, but L pity them
greatly and only mean that all who can
should get back to the natural conditions.
.'The wholesome joys of a garden should
appeal to all, and certainly to the Wife
and mother. Having fresh vegetables.
chickens and eggs and such things make
existence different from the living which
comes from the product of the cold Stor-
age. We think in Maine that having in
terosted so many and gathered so many
together in the interests of husbandry,
that we are gradually getting to the root
Of the problem OF high living. The cry
was that there were not sufficient workers
I'm the agricultural fields to feed the ma
ton, that the price had scared because
there was not enough to go around, con-
seu,lentiy the consumer must pay hlShef
prices because of the greater demand.
Now if other states will take our eA-
ample. make farming life agreeable and
repaying and above all make it dignified
and something to be envied, the vast area
of deserted farm land will be filled with
harpy laboreis and our nation can be fed
thirty years ago. OF our toal population
every one in twelve is granger and thus
aiding actively In promoting agricultural
interests.
X
"Rockland is delightful city. with a
fine bracing summer climate and a good
one all the year through, for that matter
We are right On Penobscot bay and get
the occasional benefit Of the gulf stream.
The principal industry is the making Of
lime and the fact that we are limestone
country may account for the usual health
full conditions and the longevity Of our
Inhabitants. We get all the benefit of
the fisheries, which are near by, and those
who love sea food cannot select a better
spot for a visit. Holsters are particular
ly fine and so much cheaper than they are
here. Rockland has also a large clam
and mussel industry, besides l. fair per-
centage of fishing for pike, halibut, had
dock, pollock and bluefish We claim the
finest salmon In the country. have
tasted the famed salmon OF the Columbia
river, but like that from the Penobscot
bay better. 1t Is flrmer and sweeter and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-31

Customs-that of decking the houses and
churches with evergreen-was practiced
by the Romans. who. besides adjoining
their temples. presented branches Of trees
TO the people as an augury OF good for
tune during the ensuing year. The New
Year customs of exchanging gifts. Of Wis
itinG nasquerading and of feasting origi-
mated likewise with the Romans.
Gift making throughout all the countries
was marked feature Of the day. The
Persians exchanged eggs. The Druids
gave branches of their sacred mistietoe.
on the last evening of the old year. from
an oak in the sacred forest, the white
robed Druids gathered the mistletoe and
apportioncd it TO their people on New
Year day. In turn, the people placed
sprays over the entrances to their homes
in the effort to propitiate the sylvan gods
during the season of cold.
In the time of Henry VII and Henry
VIII the peoples gifts TO their SOW
ereiGns amounted to sums thai were
often sadly beyond their means. But
there was one man, honest old Lati-
mer. who could not lavish conscien-
tiously upon so unworthy a master as
Henry VIII. so ne put in the kings
turned down at Hebrews, 1874, where
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-31

ROM the Standpoint
of new blood in
fused into the body
political this win
ter will stand forth
conspicuously In
local annals. When
President and Mrs.
Taft greet the Of
fetal world tomor-
row many familiar
faces will be miss
Ing, and the chief
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-31

and when the time comes TO take part in
the actual work. they do it with pride and
ambition, and with no feeling that their
father is defrauding them of the more
subtle joys of city life Our boys are now
content TO work the farm inherited from
their parents. and our girls are willing to
marry the farmer boys and help keep the
home in order. All this is q grateful
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-31

but the resident takes just the same sort
OF interest and pride in this aspect az the
busy citizen does in golf tournaments or
root ball games, considering ii interesting
but apart from the real import ance of the
state. The lakes which make Maine the
sportSincn's paradise attract visitors from
every part of the country and even from
beyond the seas. Our mountain ranges,
grand and impressive. have their wor-
shippers and furnish Il livelihood for Il
certain element of our population. while
our traditional glory, the forests prime
val. still stand majeStically and isolated
and go to make the Pine Tree state one
OF the most wonderful and resourceful
in the sistcrhood which comprises the
Union.
Maine as an agricultural state 5ecIhs
q. totally unknown feature 10 many who
have spent summer after summer along
It's supero sea front. This aspect of tie
state is important, and one in which Mr..
Gardner and myself have been y-:aly In
terested for the past thirty yeare. Maine.
as the most superficial study Of her re-
sources will convince one. is not an Igri-
cultural state. and less than half Of the
total acreage Is fitted for any kind of
crop. The vast forests, the lakes. the
magnificent mountains-all these deduct
from the extent of the IA rming land.
Nevertheless. we have one of the most
hOurishing farming communities in the
world and. considering the number of
acres cultivated. We get the best returns.
Potatoes have been FOR years one of the
chief sources OF wealth and buckwheat
is close competitor. Wheat is raised
also. and 1t yields splendid returns, con-
sidertng the small area Of wheat country
which We haye. The small fruits are Gull
tivated. and they add to the general pros
perity OF the farmer.
My particular pride in the agricultural
resources Of Maine arises from the fact
that the Changers are firmly estab-
1ished and that We have so organized
farmers and made rural life so attractive
and repaying that / can say that in
Maine the problem of back to the soil''
IL almost solved. ] do not need to dwell
on the fact that the deserted farms of
New England formed a menace which
spelled disa bound to come with the
passing years. The lot of the farmer in
the bleak north was indeed one which
could not appeal to the enthusiastic youth
to whom education had opened a wider
prospect than drudgery of the dreariest
sort for a bare living or most probably
for the carrying Of debts. The city lured
many farmers sons away. The ques-
ton OF helpers on the farm Is stli a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-31

The telephone ana the rural Tree ue-
livery have, of course, contributed effcc-
lively TO making the grangcrs prosperous
With these powerful assistants our work
has been comparatively light. but | think
the principal cause Of success is the feel
ing of companionship, the community %
interests which such orders as the sran.
crs give its members. There are now
more than sixty thousand grangers in
Maine. and the state is fairly honey
cOmbed with tho aubdiN visions of the So
ciety, and there is scarcely locality
where the meetings arc not accessible to
all the members. 1t is presumably an
order for men, but it Is only the order,
society, organization, anything You may
choose to call II, where women are ad-
mtted on equal terms with men. The
farmers have the right to bring their
wives as members and their children over
fourteen. For men the initiation fee is
SO. and for women and children 81, and
for all the annual dues are 10 cents q
month.
There are women who are on the ma
tional board of directors for the grangers.
and Maine has several women who are
which the order confers. There are all
kinds of meetings. Those for business
alone. when men discuss their problems,
report the results of experiments and go
deep into the serious aspects of farming,
present and future This brotherhood is
OF immense value and makes every man
stand together as unit for the general
welfare and not as hostile separate power
To promote his own interest whether 1t
be that OF the community or not.
Then the social side of the grangers
is another of tremendous import. In the
rural districts home talent is cultivated
exclusively. Some one with talent for
direction finds out the boys ana girls vino
can sing or recite. or she gets up small
dramas, musicals. has papers read. any
thing to get people together and to inn
prove the mental as we'll as the material
side of life With these means at our
command the grangers have made farm
ing attractive for the young They are
reared on the ideals of farming life.
taught the dignity Of culttyating the soil,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-12-31

L.L down the ages
New Year day has
been prominent in
the old world. To-
day. among some
of the nations. It
usliers in the most
interesting cereno-
MES of any holi-
day, and not a few
OF these come to US
from antiquity.
Ono ~ tho oldest