davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1911-08-10
Vol. XXV.-No. 1.
Magnetism And
Electricity
By C. C.

By 4. 4.
Paper Read Before the ChautauQua Circle:
1t seems quite natural for those
not directly interested in magnetism
and electricity 10 confuse these in
visible sources of energy and consid-
er them alike. But they are not at
all similar in their action. For in
stance: magnetism cannot be con-
veyed through wire to various
points, while electricity will ira
verse most all substances, especially
metal of all kinds. Magnetic con-
ditions will exist only in tempered
steel, while soft steel or iron will
not retain it to any servicable ex-
tent. We can expose bar OF hard
ened steel to another magnet and it
will absorb considerable magnetism
from it. We can carry magnetism
around with us indefinitely in a
piece of steel, but electricity re-
uuires combination of chemical,
metals or power in order to produce
it.
Straighten out horse shoe mag
net and suspend it at it's center on
thread; it will slowly swing around
and finally stop, pointing directly
north and south; thus showing the
magnetic attraction of the earth
which makes possible the compass,
without which navigation Of any
kind or to any great extent would
be difficult, if not impossible. Take
two magnetized bars of steel and
suspend them from their centers,
keeping them well separated, and
they will both point north an d
south. If moved close together
keeping them parallel as thew were
they will repulse each other. But
if reversed end for end and brought
close together they will be mutually
attracted and will adhere to eacf
other; the end of the one reversed
which was pointing north will sticl
to the south end of the stationar!
one. Thus showing that poiet
which are similarly magnetized will
repulse each other and those having
opposite poles attract each other
also showing how contrary and un
sympathetic the two kinds of mag
netism are.
But without magnetism. electric
ity would be almost, if not entirel
useless. For instance: there woul
be no electric railways, telegraph
telephone, lighting, IN fact / canno
recall to mind any of the uses {
electricity of the present day i
which magnetism is not necessar
factor. The two great forces al
necessary to each other.
When the electric current is col
veyed to any point it must be use
in conjunction with magnetism
order to produce mechanical result
Electricity will produce magne
ism and magnetism will produ,
electricity. For illustration: take
soft iron bar; wind few turns
insulated wire around it, connect
to battery of any electrical soure
the iron will become magnetic
and stay in this condition until t
current is cut off from the vii
when it will return to its origin
state. If highly tempered ste
bar is subjected to the same tre.
ment it will become permanent
magnetized, and retain it's magnets
indefinitely without the presence
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1911-08-10
Indictings Of The
Prison lmbecile
500 a Year
ERMS' 6 Months Fifty Cts.
Beau espritis (J. r. F.)

Beau eSprstss ~. Il. r.
INTRODUCTORY
Those otherwise most commenda-
BILE scribes, Rex and A. N. Apache,
have of late been exchanging re-
marks in regard to what they please
to term daffydills.
Now though / have the highest
opinion of the ability in other fields
of the writer of Hits and Near Hits,
and though the genius Of Apache
goes unchallenged (not common
thing around here, / assure you),
still doubt the qualification of
either for the proper raising of daffy-
dills. This delicate task is one that
requires superior ability particularly
adapted by special course Of train
ing in one of those schools which
are dedicated especially to work of
this character.
This is field of art into which
the novice may not blunderingly set
foot. This is one of the higher sci
ences into the intricacies of which
the layman may not delve thought
lessly. Gentlemen, this is high and
noble line of endeavor the persuance
of which demands lifetime of ceas-
less application.
In order to achieve the best along
this line land who would have other
than the best?) one must be prepared
to sacrifice all personal inclinations,
to relinquish all thought of personal
qualification, to completely and un-
selfshly dedicate himself and his life
to the accomplishment Of the work
in hand. And more, he must bring
to this work the necessary training.
In short, and as an illustrious gen.
tleman Of my acquaintance would
J .fexpress it, yuh gotta serve an ap-
premiership"
Gentlemen, such a man is not easy
to find. But it gives me great pleas
ure, gentlemen, to be able to place
before you the name of such man;
man who is all that the position
requires and Who is willing to do all
that the position requires, the man,
in short for the position.
Gent men: The Priso n
Imbecile.
Well-er-ah, folks-er-I-ah-h av e
not much to say to you except to ask
if Bobbles called the Peerless First
Basement out on foul to the catch
|. er would Old Repeater? And if
Heliog-rams two pieces Of pie into
his pocket, does Oliver Twist?
/ stopped into the tonsorial par
lors of that genial though much mar
ried man, Soapy Tom, this afternoon
and received treatment from Signor
Caruso which enlightened me as to
the economy of making the Signor a
waiter. Leaving portions Of the
: skin on my eyeballs- and most of
my whiskers- the Signor proceeded
! to remove the remainder of my chin.
}, Strewing the remains gracefully ov-
ermy new yellow pants, he delivered
6 himself thus: Eef Steele-a Bard
), hees sor-a eye, would A. N. Apache
4 eet? Fifteen-a cent, please" Dur
b ing the ensuing proceeding, the local
/ musical director rushed in crying
: Eureka! Name your own price and
7 come to the band practice tomorrow
o 8:45 sharp. That is the exact effect
% / need for my new Strause March, !
J. It will be terrible if Sioux Falls
sr for you know all Pixies Peak. i
,r Ohio Slim were caught stealing
watermelon. would A. F. b.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1911-08-10
Crime And The
Tariff
v. c. Va', D.

". G. Vdf1 ID.
The logical basis for a protective
tariff is to provide the home laborer
with the full product of his own in
dustry, in his own country. Not
that this was Hamilton's excuse
when he read his Report on Amer
ican manufactures" and laid the ba-
sis of the system here but it is the
only plea that political economists
have ever been able to urge that
carries the slightest vestige of plau-
sibility. Like the Golden Rule it
is beautiful theory, but equally
like it, in that it depends for its
successful application on a state
of personal and civic integrity, that
does not, and probably never will
exist.
The first we hear of the protective
theory Of trade in our modern civil
ization is in England, under
Edward the fourth. ALI sorts of
Legislative devices were enacted to
build up and hold the trade in Eng
lish woolens. Expectation of b e
raw material was forbidden and i'm
portation of manufactured cloth was
hindered in every possible way. 1t
is true that the government had not
at that time attained the scientific
knowledge necessary to formulate,
let us say Schedule K", but they
did the best they could and the re-
suits soon became startlingly evident.
The London merchants grew veal
thy, and for the first time in Eng
land, naked men and women were
seen in the highways.
At this time, curiously enough, We
first read Of the Kings Benevolence;'
a species of forced loans that were
illegally extracted from the mer
chants by the king, He having Civ
en- the privilege of robbing the peo
pie. assumed for himself the privi
lege of robbing them).
OF course his methods were crude
almost laughably coarse compared
with those of the privileged person
$ Of today. He merely estimated tn
size of his victims pile, as it were
and borrowed" it, consequently b.
frequently missed something; mis-
take which is impossible unde
modern methods. Under the system
however, in spite of the little idio
syncrasies of the king; the dealers il
:, woolen cloth did prosper amazingly
while the English peasant got alon
with less clothes, and the jails wer
nicely filled with petty offenders.
Cottage industry, as far as th
manufacture of cloth for clothin
was concerned was given its frs
serious blow. Worse than that, th
commons, lie, the common land
England which had been free for th
use of all for centuries, began to b
fenced in and appropriated by ind
viduals. This was natural, as tl
first impulse of suddenly enriche
class is to acquire land, particular
SO as at that time the possession I
" land conferred both social and legi
lative privileges The next be
thing to icing the son of one Il
kings mistresses was to be the owl
It er of large parcel of land.
l. either case a peerage naturally fo
II lowed by sort Of divine rigl
ID The alienation Of the commons SOC
filled fhe land with vagrants, al
from this time on we find the En-
e. lish law books stuffed with a lol
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1911-08-10

tanning Iu0 electflC CuTIeHt 10, UC-
cause when current is on the wire
it is surrounded by magnetic con-
dition called lines of force, and OF
course if we wind considerable
amount of wire upon the iron, it
concentrates large number of these
so-called lines of force at this point.
Thus does electricity produce mag
netism.
Now it can be readily seen that
power is obtained from electricity
through its ability to produce mag
netism, for it is reasonable to as
sumo, that if heavy weights can be
lifted or pulled by its application,
we have power.
/ will now endeavor to describe a
few more of the peculiarities of
electro magnetic induction. | we
wind a quantity of insulated wire
upon tube or spool and connect
the two ends together, then take
bar of steel that has been previously
magnetized and plunge one end of
it into the spool, a flash of electric
ity will pass through the wire
which is wound upon the spool. Ii
we reverse the bar magnet and
plunge the other end into the spool,
the result will be the same except
the current will flash in the opposite
direction, owing to the difference OF
polarity which exists in magnet.
If we place soft iron bar through
the spool and bend it over into into
horseshoe shape, then cause a
round drum of iron with quantity
of insulated wire wound lengthwise
around and upon its surface, to re-
volve between the ends Of the bent
iron, we have a dinamo, and if we
connect the ends of the wire on the
, drum to couple Of little strips OF
copper placed upon spool of wood
which revolves with the drum and
z let the ends of the wires which are
1 wound on the tube that our horse
shoe passes through, touch them al
( they revolve, we will be generating
= electricity, and the electricity viii
8 be magnetizing the horseshoe mag
i net, by which the current is set ul
q in the wire wound on the drum
:; Thus electricity is caused to flow
: through wire and produce the mag
: netism that causes it's existence.
If we cut into this current ant
) take the two ends of wire thus oh
Y tained and connect them to simila
d machine built just like our dinam
l, it becomes motor, and will run an
1t furnish power. Thus it seems b.
If agitating magnetism in the presenc
n of circuit of wire we produce cu1
y rent, and if we expose iron to tn
re influence of current we get magnet
ism
n- Induction will also take place
ID we lay portion Of two circuits pal
in allel and close to each other an
s. cause interrupted currents to Aas
t. through one of the circuits, the cul
ce rent will flash through the paraH,
line without any iron or steel mas
of nets, and without any metallic col
it nection whatever with the live wir
,e;
od
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1911-06-10
HOW TO OBTAIN SANITARY MILK
Clemson Extension WOrk-ArticIe
Xiv.

Very few of the consumers of milk
give much thought as to where the
milk they drink comes from or un-
der what conditions it was produced
SO long as it has no bad color, taste
or smell they drink and are satisfied
If the purity of milk could be
judged by the above standard, the
milk Inspector would have no work
and there would be NJ such office. 1t
is sad fact, however, that such
standard will not hold good as milk
may have no bad taste, color, or ordor
and yet be very dangerous to the
health. Many Of the outbreaks Of
typhoid fever, scarlet fever, dysen-
terry diseases can be traced to the
milk supply.
What then is sanitary milk? 1t is
milk that is produced by healthy
COWS. and which is handled in a
cleanly manner from the time it is
drawn until it is consumed. To be
healthy the COW should not only
show no outward signs Of disease,
but should give no reaction when
tested for tuberculosis. She should
be kept clean and her udder should
be washed we'll before each milking.
The milker should milk with dry
hands and not follow tn bad prac-
tice Of dipping the fingers into the
milk while milking. The mixer
should not be allowed to har lie tho
milk at all if there should be a case
Of contagious disease in his home.
AS soon as the milking is finished
the milk should be removed from the
barn and at once strained through
a good grade Of cheese cloth. II it
is to be sold at retail, 1T should be
cooled and bottled. If it is to be
kept for home use. it should be put
aside in as cool a place as possible
and away from anything that has
much odor. Milk will very quickly
absorb the odor Of meat, vegetables,
ETC., if kept near such.
Especial care should be given at
this season to the milk that is fed
to babies and children. Much Of the
stomach troubles could be avoided
If only clean milk was given them to
drink.
Pro. j. NJ. Burgess. 1
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1911-06-10
HASN'T CHANGED POSITION.
$" States Solicitor Otis, Replying to
Gov. BleaSe.

Spartanburg, June 2.-Solicitor
Otis, replying to the letter received
this morning from Governor Bleasc.
in regard to Mr.. OTIS attitude re-
gardlng the agitation Of trial for
George Hasty. Of Gaffney, on the
charge of killing an actor in that
town at the same time he shot and
Killed another, for which he was SER
fenced for life and recently pard oned
py Governor Blease, sent the follow
ing letter to the Chief Executives:
"Spartanburg, S. c.. June ., 1911.
"Cole. l.. Blease, Esq, Governor,
Columbia, S. C.-Dear Sir: In re-
ply to yours of yesterday, enclosing
copy of my letter to Mr.. McCraw, !
beg to advise it is a correct copv. 7
nave not changed my position since
writing that letter to Mr.. McCraw. 7
have no dsire to interfere in matters
wholly within your prerogative as
Governor. While l am not able to
try murderers without witnesses. so
long as | am solicitor Of this circuit I
shall continue to do my whole duty.
Very respectfully yours. J. c. Otis,
solicitor 9TH Circuit"
Just why all this agitation has
been raised is not known. but furth-
cr developments are looked forward
To within the next few davs
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1911-06-10

Mr.. j. w. McKeiver, chairman Of
the committee on securing manufac-
turing enterprises for Sumter, stated
this morning that he had Tuesday
raised $1,000 from four public spirit
ed citizens Of Sumter towards get
ing the desired site for the buggy
and carriage factory which will be
erected here If the city pays for the
site. 1t is requisite that the citizens
OF Sumter raise the required amount
for, II they do not, the city
and Chamber Of Commerce will fall
down on the first chance to get a fac
tory plant to locate here. If the first
effort to get factory here falls short,
other Attempts to get such enterpris-
es here will also end I'm failure. for
1t Is always the beginning that sets
standard for the town.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1911-06-10
Purpose directs energy and pur-
pose makes energy.-Parkhours
EXCURSION RATES VIA
Southern Railway COmDany.

Philadelphia, Pa. Account North
ern Baptist Convention and Baptist
World Alliance Congress. Tickets
on sale June 9th. 10th, 18th, 10th
and 18th, final limit June 29th, 1911.
Extension Of final limit may be had
by depositing tickets and payment Of
fee $l.OO. until July 31st.
Asheville. y. G. Account Southern
Students Conference. Y. w. c. A..
Tickets on sale June Sth and 9th.
hnal limit June 2Sth. 1911.
Black Mountain, y. c. Account
Southern students Conference. Y. NJ.
{. y. Tickets on sale June 18th and
10th. final limit June 2Sth, 1911.
Charlottesville, Va. Account Univer-
sity OF Virginia Summer School. Tick
cts ON sale June 18th, 10Th, Goth.
23rd, cath. 26th. and July 3rd and
10th. limited fifteen days. unless ox-
tended at Charlottesville, until Sep
tember 3Oth, 1911.
Knoxville, Tenn. Account Summer
Hchool Of the South Tickets on sale
June 18th, 18th, 9th, 25th, July 1st.
Nth' 9th ana 18th, limited fifteen
u'ys' unless extended at Knoxville
uh'il September 3Otn. 1911.
FOR Information as to rates. etc.
apply TO Ticket Agents or address:
j. l.. MEEK.
Asst Gen. Passenger Agent.
N''""'a' fa' w. f.. MCGEE,
DIVISION Passenger Agent,
Charleston, s. C.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1911-06-10
kILLS HIMSELF BEFORE WIFEyS
EYES.
Saying Wifc's Love Has Ics.onad
bridegroom of Two Weeks PMS
Bullet in Brain.

charlotte, n. c., June with the
unexpected declaration to his bride
OF two weeks that she did not love
MN as much as she did when they
We're married, William p. Ewart. 81
years old, secured a pistol as he re-
turned from church tonight and nu+
Il bullet throuhg his brain, dying in
Stantly. The tragedy occurred at the
cottage Of the young couple in
Seviersville, a suburb.
thinking her husbands remark a
Jest the wife made a fiippant reply
and the shooting followed almost as
an echo of her words
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1911-06-10
Real Estate Transfers.

Following are the real estate trans
fers recorded in the Office of the
county clerk:
jamie c. Wood to l.. F.. Wood. lot
and premises on Broad street, s1,O5O.
Davis ID. Noise to A. j. Stubbs. IA
interest in tract Of 565 and Is acres,
$4,000.
f. NJ. Dwight to Mary c. S. Dwight.
100 acres on eburg-Wedgefield
public road. $4,000.
A. j. Stubbs to Geo. w. Baxter, lot
on Bee street, $1,000.
Mrs. M. c. Stubbs to Arzetta Turn
er, lot in city, 500.
II. j. Hardy, trustee, to w: T. Ball.
two lots in Town of Dalzell, s22O.
j. Leland Moore to Frances L.
Moore. ct al. 1T 1-2 acres, 800.
Hamilton c. Bland to William M.
McElveen, lot in town Of Mayesville,
$1,000.
Master to Manassa NJ. Brown, 12O
1-2 acres, $500.
David James Winn, Jr., to A. c..
Durant, lot on Hampton avenue. ST.
500.
ID. James Winn, Sr., to A. C. Du-
rant, lot on Hampton avenue, s135.
a. j. Stubs to Davis d. Noise. lot
on Main street, 1915.
Della +. Nixon to Mrs. NJ. F.. j.
McElveen, GO acres, $40.
James r. Ligon to Marion Edwards,
lot in county, 5000.
Malinda 5. Levan, ct al, to Ruth
q. Birnie, lot on Council street. 5000.
Geo. w. Kershaw to ]. b. Alston,
one acre on Charleston-Camden pub
lie road, 500.
Master to Moses Green, lot and
premises on Main street $4,000.
w. T. Andrews to Willie Windham,
lot on Clarendon avenue. 1925.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1911-06-10
REe|pRoCITr'S ROCKY ROAD.
MANY SENATOR'S AWAIT CHANCE
To ATTACK MEASURE.

Expected that BIN will be Reported.
tn senate Thursday and at Least
Thirty Opposition Speeches Schcd-
uied - Finance Committee Chair
man Predicts Final Passage--Fur-
ther Consideration of Lorimcr
Case this weck-Wool Debate i'm
House.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1911-06-10
Ready For Him.

She made her first cake, and, wishing
TO Jolly her, the husband winked Mt
her brother and said:
Nice cake, dear. Are you sure.
though, that you used baking powder
Ia itT
mo- she said as little smile flick
cred around her mouth. Il didn't have
baking powder, SO | put in substi.
tute."
"Ah.' said the husband brightly.
"and what was that"
Cement dear" said the wife sweet.
y.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1911-06-10
LARGE DANCE AND RECEPTION

a feature going along with COM
mencement. though not a part OF IL
was the reception given 10 the grad
yates after the commencement pro-
gram had been completed.
All Of the boys and girls OF tho
graduating class had been invited IN
the reception which was given I'm the
Osteen hall. II having been found i'm
possible at the last minute To- get the
Armory hall. as II had been newly
painted and there was much danger
OF the young ladies attending the re-
ception running their dresses IL the
dance was held I'm ~.
while I'll Of the members II the
graduating class did not attend the
reception a large majority did and
those who went were entertained
with ice cream and cake. Some Of
the graduates enpoycd the dancing
while others looked on and enjoyed
their conversation and ice cream.
\ large crowd had assembled from
Manning. and all Of the nearby towns
and places for the dance which was
continued until long past midnight.
The music for the occasion was fur
nished by the colored orchestra and
was lively and as good as anyone
could have wished for.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1911-06-10
BEEKEEPERS' SUPPLIES

have decided to keep on hand a
stock of Hives, Frames, Sections.
Comb Foundations. Smokers, Wells.
Gloves, Etc, for Beekeepers, and will
order any goods not in stock,
These goods are made by the A.
l. Root Co., the largest and most re-
liable manufacturers Of Apiarian Sun
plies in this country. Catalogue will
be furnished en- application.
Also on hand Roots A B c and x
of Beekeeping Price $3.50, by
mail 20 cents additional. If you are
Keeping bees in the old way. get
this book. and learn to do it in the
improved way.
N. G. OSTEEN,
Daily Item Office,
Sumter. S. c.