davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1911-06-01

over which the food supply Of the
world must be moved. The other
question is one of the social and edu-
cational advantages that follow good
road construction.
Fortunately 1t Is true that the same
highways that would give the largest
returns from an economic standpoint,
are the roads best suited TO give the
highest advancement. Hence the need
is not these great, broad, expensive
highways, extending hundreds of miles
In any given direction, but a network
Of good roads. nine to twelve feet
wide, covering the main highways Of
the country and centering in the mar
ket towns upon the railways. The
wagon roads are the veins Of com
merce; the railways the arteries The
largest public good will come from
such a condition that there will be q
free and uninterrupted movement
upon both the highways and railways
throughout the year.
Among the economic advantages 10
that 1t enables the farmer to keep In
CAoSe louCu Win tue mdFheL anu
make his deliveries when In his judg-
ment the best price can be realized.
There is no doubt that a large per-
centage-the major portion-of the
farm produce for the last 80 years in
the Mississippi valley has been sold
and moved with road conditions as
the determining factor. 1t Is, "Hooray,
boys, we must get this grain to mar
ket because the roads are good" and
not necessarily because the price fs
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1911-06-01

Dpher, who, after listening to a young
lady of voluble conversation, said:
What relief 1t would be If she would
atop talking for a little while and do
some thinking"
There are disciples without number
who feel they are called to preach the
gospel Of good roads. They know lit
lie or nothing OF the subject, but the
desire Is strong and impelling. 1t re-
minds one of the young divinity stu
dent with very little aptitude for the
profession he proposed to adopt and
from, which the bishop was trying to
aisuade him because he regarded him
As wholly inapt. The man maintained
ne was called to preach and therefore
ne was to obey the summons. The
bishop asked him in what manner the
call had come. He said he had Had
dream In which he saw outlined in
he heavens clearly in letters Of white
p. c." which he interpreted to mean
10 go and preach Christ. The bishop
:old him he had no doubt he had seen
he vision as stated, but he had misin-
Ierpreted 1t, and that the letters "P.
=" in his case meant to pillow corn.
It is so with the good roads advocates,
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1911-06-01

Many OF these farms have been
titled SO much without a proper rota-
ton that they will not produce clover
well even with plenty OF lime. They
need humus and this should be sup
piled by growing cover crops. cowpeas
and soy beans. For such lands the
sowing OF cowpeas at the last work.
Ina Of the corn and when the land To-
very thin the application of 200 pounds
Of commercial fertilizer Ia recommend
ed. The peas may be cut up with
disk harrow and the land sown to
wheat. The Kansas station found that
where peas were sown at last work
Ing OF the corn in q nve-year averagS
the increase OF corn was SO, b c0T
over a lot alongside ON
peas were not sown.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1911-06-01

many Of them doing more harm than
good
One enthusiast, who has been much
in evidence. is telling the people how
they can get good roads without
money. He might as well try to boost
himself over fence by pulling at his
boot straps.
The good roads question is a ire
mendously big one and must be ham
died in a big way. No one can mas
ter the subject In short time. The
writer has spent 15 years digging into
II from every angle and he feels that
there is yet much to learn. Some good
roads enthusiasts have proposed the
building of great national highways
connecting all the capitals OF the
states, or great trans-continental
roadway from Boston to San Francis
60, or from Chicago to the gulf Such
roads would be tremendously sxpen-
sive. and about the only thing that
they could be used for would be as
speedways for automobiles. These are
not the roads that the public needs.
In the building OF highways there
ara two great questions involved. One
is the economic advantages 70 be
gained from the transportation view
point. and this means good roads from
The farm home TO the market iowa,
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1911-06-01

raising, what they are eating, and
what profit they are giving? Would
the merchant think of conducting his
business without keeping the closest
scrutiny on his dsbita and credits, his
loss and gain? No. Then why not
carry on the poultry business in the
same way"
I am especially interested In the
progress being made in giving agricul-
tural instruction In our public schools
believe that an incubator and a
bee hive should be parts Of the edu.
cationaI equipment OF every school at
suitable seasons of the year. If not
an incubator then at least "broody
hen" and under her some white
shelled eggs. Then with, an egg-tester
the teacher can give the pupils the
best possible lessons regarding that
strange thing which we term Life. "
Huxley says that the development of
the embryo chick In the common hens
egg is the most wonderful thing in the
world These live object lessons Ger.
tainly interest and instruct, the. child.
rem and help to connect the school
with the farm and home life.
have worked out scheme of study
Of the successive stages of incubation
of the hens egg for the use of teach
ers and will gladly send q typewriter
copy free to help any teacher who
wishes to try the plan.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1911-06-01

highways. IL it is done by the state
aid plan.
Those who are objecting to the
building of good roads advance OBJ
jections that are found to be falla-
cious, upon little consideration. The
writer remembers one man who inter
rupted him during an address, and re-
marked that in some parts of the
country they were building hard roads
at cost of from $4,000 to $4,000 a
mile. and then said that their town
ship had about ~ miles of highways
and proceeded to show that the ex-
pense would be at $4,000 a mile to
cover all the highways with this type
of road. Upon a little inquiry II was
disclosed that the roads In question
were brick roads. built upon a con-
crete foundation-an excellent road to
be sure, and such as IL may pay to
build where the traffic IL very heavy
and there 10 a large amount of tax
able property to pay the bili-but
these are not the roads that 1t is usual
ly practicable to build. No township
needs anything like 72 miles. The
facts are that four-fifths OF the traffic
passes over about one-fourth OF the
road mileage. and 1t has been found
the country over. at home and abroad.
that when from onef0urth TO ons&hira
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1911-06-01
! grieulture b older than history

Agriculture IL older than history.
Bernyard manure ts almost q COM
plets fertilizer.
Corn In the cheapest tat producing
food In the corn belt
1t IL as easy 10 produce honey az
good quality as 1t Is to produce the
other kind
Farming is serious business and
In on par with any other profession
or occupation.
In selecting seeds, matter which
needs careful attention 10 the keeping
quality OF vegetables.
The keynote In getting Q seeding Of
clover Ia the mechanical condition az
and the humus In the soil.
Clover feeds on mineral matter in
the soil and nitrogen In the air out
OF the reach OF most crops.
Every spring an unnecessarily large
number OF young pigs are Lost BY the
disease known as the thumps.
Alfalfa best solves the problem a.
experimenting pastures and viii main
tain full flow OF milk ali summer
Clover Ia the best soil renoyator he
cause II better fills the sOil with roots
which decay and al the soil with
hnmus.
The seeds Of melons and cucumherw
should be started under glass NOT
over four weeks In advance 0f 0nla
pAmntimg.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1911-06-01
TIME TO TRIM TREES.

A Kingsbury county correspondent
writes:
we have q grove OF Box Elders
Ash and Cottonwoods, which we want
to trim-cut some out and. cur limbs
of OF others. VIII 1t be detrimental
to do this work the latter part OF
JuneT'
The best time for this In In early
juno. as wounda heal the quickest
then. However, we do light prunins
all summer and fall. being careful &c
cover the wounds with lead paint
Early in June the downward. now 81
elaborated sap containing wood ma
terial in solution begins. 80 the
wounds may then heal sucker than Il
any other time. IS
Prof. N. 4, Hansen, BrOokines, j. d
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1911-06-01
GOOD ROADS GOSPEL
DISCIPLES ARE THICK As sUMRLE
BEES IN A CLOVER
PATCH.
NOT ALL CALLED TO PREACH
Desire Is Strong, but knowledge 10
Observation-Disclosures Progress In
Campaign for Better Highways
Cut Out All FaSs.
BY HOWARD n. GROSS.

II one looks carefully over the press
clippings that come in upon the Ques-
ton of good roads, he will be aston.
shed at several things.
First, the widespread interest that
Is taken in the subject. Better high
ways are being discussed everywhere
in the shop, store, the school, at
the cross roads, womens clubs, grain
exchanges, boards of trade, railway
meetings, etc. The advocates of good
roads are as thick as humble bees in
clover patch. All sorts Of solutions
arr offered, most Of which are imprac-
dcable, and If undertaken would be
simply waste of time and money. 1t
reminds one of the remark of a philos-
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1911-06-01

at its best. This hurrying OF product
to market swamps the railroad com.
panies and they are unable to move
the freight and enables the shrewd
dealers in the city to manipulate
prices, pushing them up or down, and
to reap rich harvest out of the farm
er on the one hand and the consumer
on the other. Colossal fortunes have
been built up through the grain ex-
changes. The principal factor that
enables them to do this is bad and at
times impossible roads.
II good roads advocates will confine
their talk and recommendations to the
highways that will serve the people,
and such highways as the people can
afford to build, much greater progress
will be made.
In some instances good roads can be
built with gravel at hand at from 500
to $1,000 a mile. Where the gravel
must be shipped some distance the
cost will be double. When crushed
stone is used and must be shipped
by train, the expense will be any
where from $4,000 to $4,000 a mile.
Even at $4,000 a mile it would pay
well to build good roads upon the
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1911-06-01
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one piece by running the crosspieca@
G from one post to the other. Leave
small space between the upright
pieces X and Y so that they will
swing free OF each other when the
gate is cut In two Hinge the gate to
the posts at all four corners. testing
the crosspieces with a level. Then
saw the gate in two ct A and A and
the two halves will swing perfectly
true and match each other.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1911-06-01
BY PROF. HARRY c. SEVERN,
state EntomoIogist.

No particular group of insects are
more persistently destructive year
after year to the crops of South Dako-
Ia farmers than are the short-horned
loCusts, commonly known as grass
hoppers. During the past year these
insects have done considerable dam
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1911-06-01

He has about the strangest walk
have ever seen" Yes: you see.
be was engaged to . girl who wore :
hobble gown and just when he had
got 80 he could keep step with her she
threw him down. and now he IL en-
gagged TO . Girl who wears . harem
nkirt and ha = trying to leafn to Keep
step with heF. -Henston Pest.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1911-06-01

Bulletin No. n of the department OF
agriculture states that on the basis
OF prices charged for commercial fer.
tiliSers, the manure produced annsl-
ally by each horse or mule Ia worth
s17, by each head Of cattle s1S, by
each hos S12 and by each sheep two
dollars.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1911-06-01
HOW TO HANG DOUBLE GATE
Simple and Easy Method Of construo4
lion So That II VIII Swing Per
fectly When Completes.

simple and easy method OF conS
strucung and hanging a double gat@
30 that It will swing perfectly true
when complete is shown In the accom-
panying sketch. Make the gate In
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1911-06-01

American farmers are constantly
working to get more Land, while Brit
ish and Danish farmers study to get
more out OF the land. The results are
equally different.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1911-06-01
Use of the CriddIe Mixture.

/. The Criddle mixture should
consist of fresh horse manure mixed
with salt and paris green, or salt and
lead arsenate. To prepare this poi.
sOned bait, weigh out about one hun
dred pounds of fresh horse droppings
free from straw and add thereto
either one pound of paris green or
three pounds of lead arsenate, first
mixing the poison thoroughly In a
half pailful of water. While this mix
ture is being well stirred, another pail
full of water, in which has been dis.
solved two pounds of salt, should be
gradually added. The mixture after a
thorough stirring is now ready for
distribution and should be placed In
regions where the grasshoppers are
most numerous or on that side of a
field which is being invaded. A large
shovelful of this bait placed in a heap
is usually sufficient amount to pro-
tect a space two rods square, but
should one side of a field be invaded
by grasshoppers, shovelful of the
material should be deposited at inter-
walls of rod on that side of the field
attacked. The use of other poisoned
bait, such as the bran-mash or the
bran-arsenate mash have also been
recommended for the destruction of
grasshoppers, but since these are
more difficult to prepare than the
Criddle mixture and since 1t is ques-
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1911-06-01


age throughout the state to cereal
crops, grasses. fax, and vegetables,
and should the weather continue to be
as dry as it was during the season of
1910. as much or more damage may
be expected during the summer of
1911.
Since the eggs of grasshoppers have
already Matched into nymphs, which
are better known under the common
name of wingless grasshoppers or
young hoppers, practically nothing
will be gained by blowing. discing or
narrowing the ground in an attempt
to reduce the number of grasshoppers.
Attention should, therefore, now be di-
rected towards destroying the imma-
ture grasshoppers and one of the fol-
lowing methods should be adopted as
soon as possible;
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1911-06-01
LOCUSTS OR GRASSHOPPERS
South Dakota State GeOOg Tells How Pests May Be Exter
mnated--The Cridde Mixture--Use Of HOpperdOzer-
How 1t is Made.

tionable whether they are superior, or
even equal. to the Criddle mixture in
destroying grasshoppers, II Is recon-
mended that the CTiddle mixture be
used
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1911-06-01

Uss OF Hepperdoxers.
2. Another excellent method OF de-
stroying grasshoppers, while they are
in An immature stage. is by the use OF
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1911-12-28
COTTON WAR in
ENGLAND SPREADS
Probability That Trouble May Reach
Even Larger Proportions
Than Ever.
(By Associored Press.)

Manchester, England, Dec 2S.-Both
sides Of the cotton cloth war, brought
about by the refusal of one man and
two women to join the union, and
which resulted in the lockout of one
hundred and sixty thousand weavers
and placing on half-time of equal num-
Der spinncrs,, are determined to fight
to finish. Mills in score of towns
of the north and northeastern dis
tricts of Lancashire county are at a
standstill. The dispute has spread to
Chesire county where the mills at
Marple owned by calico printers, have
combined and locked out employees.
The Cotton Waste spinhers' Fedora
tion resolved today to close their
mills January 10th if the dispute in
Lancashire is not settled.
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1911-12-28

given as $704 4,S40,750, an increase of
s14,516,750. The army expenditure is
$196, $4,000, an increase of over ten
million dollars over this year. On the
navy $114,353, 750 is to be spent dur
ing 1912, which is practically the
same as this year. The naval non-re-
current expenditure shows an in
crease of $6.SS5,5OO, but the extra-or-
binary expenditure for the navy is de-
creased by over three and a half mil
lions of dollars.
Socialist leaders expect tremend-
GUS increase in their vote next month
and the campaign managers of other
parties admit the claim. The tre-
mendous expenditure of Germany for
military purposes is becoming more
and more unpopular and the German
people, millions of whom are on the
verge of privation, are likely to reg
lister their dissatisfaction at the polls,
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1911-12-28
Hotel Will Entertam the
jMisslssppl 7rauelers

The Hotel Hattiesburg has issued
invitations to over 1860 travellers, to
a banquet that will be given compli-
mentary by the hotel management to
the members of the Mississippi Trav-
elers Association on Saturday, Janu-
airy 18th. The policy inaugurated by
Mr.. Brittane and Mr.. Driver of the
hotel in various ways has met with un-
iversal commentator from the trav-
cling public and local people general
ly, who see in this change of manage
ment greater and better things for
Hattiesburg as convention city and
all that tends to the promoting of a
better understanding between the
travelling public and the hotel. While
the invitations to the coming banquet
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1911-12-28
VATICAN REFUSED
COUNT BoNI DIVORCE.

Rome. Dec 27-The Vatican de-
clined tos grant, County DeCastellane
an annulment of his marriage with
Anna Gould, who is now the Duchess
OF Talleyrand and Sagan.
Countess DeCastellane was granted
a divorce from her husband, and Civ
en- the custody of their three children
November IA, 1906.
About a year ago Count Boni ap
piled to- the Vatican for an annul-
ment of the marriage. Count Boni
came here December 20, using all pos
sible influence to obtain his object.
He was. not opposed by the duchess.
y The decision of the congregation
was communicated TO him yesterday.
1t rejects his petition for an annul-
ment. 1t says certain impediments,
II they exist before marriage can pre-
vent its celebration, or if celebrated
In ignorance of them, can proclaim
the union Of the parties never in real.
ity existed, but that the arguments
by the count show such impediments
nexer existed.
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1911-12-28
Great Agricultural Campaign
Starts N State January 9th

Beginning January there will be
inaugurated a campaign for the edu-
cation of the farmers of Mississippi
which for thoroughness and system
attic work has never been equalled be-
lore. 1t will continue until February
3, and it is possible that it may be
extended into that month further.
The work, it will be noticed, extends
mainly througout the southern part
of the state, where the boil weevil is
worst, and is calculated to give the
farmers OF that section the benefit
of the very best advice possible in
the way Of diversification, and the
growing of other crops than cotton,
which the activities of the weevil
have greatly curtailed.
The campaign is under the auspices
of the Farmers Cooperative Demon
stration Work of the United States
government; the Farmers Union, the
Industrial Institute and College fol
Girls at Columbus, the State Depart
ment of Agriculture, the Boys anc
Girls Corn and Tomato Club Work o.
the Department of Education, and the
Department of Education itself.
R. s. Wilson, Mississippi agent o
the demonstration work of the United
States government, will talk on "Busi
ness Methods on the Farm" G. H. al
ford, field agent in the same line o
work, will lecture on growing cottol
in weevil territory; H. e. Blakeslee
commissioner of agriculture, will dis
Icuss the growing of sugar cane, pc
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1911-12-28
RUSSIA MAY
enter MONGOLIA
inability OF China To Handle The
Situation May Lead To.
Annexation.
iBu Associoicd Press.l


Pekin, China, Dec. 2S.-M. Shokine,
the Russian Charge D'Affairs went to
the Chinese Foreign Office today and
submitted request on behalf of the
Russian Government that China
promptly reassume control of Mon
golia, which yesterday declared her
independence. He received response
that China at the moment is unable
to comply.
The inability of China to assert her
authority in Mongolia opens the way,
according to opinion here, for an ex-
tension of Russian influence and the
possibility of ultimate annexation.
No Troops Sent:
st. Petersburg, Dec. 2S.--The Rus
sian Foreign Office denies the report
that Russian troops have entered
Mongolia. The idea of extending
Russian protectorate over Mongolia
exists in certain circles, but Russian
diplomacy SO far has been inactive
and has adhered to the. policy non
interference in. China.
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1911-12-28
BRAZILIAN BEEF
PLANT, A MONSTER.

New York, Dec. est was news on
Wall street Wednesday that combi-
nation of American and Canadian cap
italists had been formed to establish
in Brazil the largest beef producing
plant in the world The syndicate
has bought from the Brazilian govern
ment 5000 acres of excellent breeding
lands, where cattle can Craze through
the entire year without danger from
freezing or from storms. The plant
will be started with the largest num-
ber of cattle possible to buy, and the
capacity of the project is fixed at 50O,-
900 head.
Headquarters of the syndicate will
be in the city of Paulo, rs miles north
of Buenos Ayres. The head of the
concern is Murdo Mckenzie, of Colo
RADIO, former president Of the National
Stockmen's Association, who will re.
ceive salary of $4,000 year.
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1911-12-28

longer be legal tender in the islands,
the order becoming effective after
Saturday of this week.
Although British possession, Mas
sau is so near Florida and entertains
so many tourists from the states that
pounds, ,shillings and pence have prac-
tically gone out of use here and dol
lars and cents have been substituted.
Hotels and merchants will continue
to accept American money, but at a
slight discount, and it will not be
legal tender in payment of debts.
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1911-12-28
SOUTHERN ELECTRICAL co.
HAS OPENED oEElcES

Manager Hoffman of the Southern
Electrical Company. arrived yester-
day from Mobile, and will be actively
engaged here in the electrical supply
and construction business. They
have rented desk space in the Com
mercial Club rooms and will be locat-
ed there until satisfactory building
can be secured for the display of fix
lures and the accessories that go into
a business of this kind. A warehouse
has been secured and the new com
pany will store their supplies until
they obtain permanent place,