davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15
GOODBYE TO THE CREDIT sYs-l
TEN.


Whatever may be said against the
mail order business 1t has done more
than anything else TO break mp he
disastrous credit system under which
the farmers OF this country have suf-
fered heavy losses for hundreds Of
years Buying on credit has been the
more disastrous to the farmers OF the
south where IL was practically the
only way Of doing business than in
any other part Of the country
before the war the farmer bought
everything on credit and II his crops
at the end OF the year we're NOT
enough 10 pay his bills wefe carried
over. the storekeeper contracting his
Icredit TO any extent he. saw III. gem
orally no margin allowed beyond a
bare living.
Naturally the farmer paid enorm-
GU prices for everything because the
storekeeper must have interest on his
money and be reimbursed for all
lofses oceasioned by the inpecuni us
ones.
This pernicious system was not con-
fined to the south alone but extend :.
I to every part OF the country IL
greater or less degree and has con-
tinued up to within few years.
.rmers lost thousands Of dollars he
cause they could not pay cash. when
short credits were established the sys-
TEN Of trading farm produce for
groceries and ether supplies always
worked to the DISADVANTAGES OF the
farmer
The cash system besan with gro
ceries and in the mare prosperous
states rather slowly spread to other
lines. but II was with the advent OF
the big mall order houses that the
system of paying spot cash and buy
ing at the lowest prices was estab-
Iished.
Today the cash system Is in opera
ton everywhere.
The countr. merchant sells for cash
because In no other way can he COM
pete with the outside firms that do.
Even in the south the cotton and cane
raisers are adopting the system and IN
their efforts 10 hold their own against
the mail order houses the local rner-
lchants are everywhere adopting mod
er business methods--buying their
goods In the open market for the low
est prices that cash will obtain and
selling for cash at the smallest pos
sible margin OF profit.
That this system Is working to the
great advantage Of the country mer-
chants as well as the farmers is apply
proven by the experience Of the past
few years.
No matter how deep the grievance
OF the country merchants against the
mail order system may be in many
respects they must know that II has
been responsible for the passing Of
this pernicions system OF trading.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15
BANIsHIHe THE CARPET

The living room In farm house.
especially where there are a number
OF children. soon becomes a harbor
for dust. and no matter how particu-
lar one II In sweeping. this dust Il
simply shifted about, some settling on
the furniture. more sinking into the
depths 20 the carpet. 10 ts started Up
again at the next sweeping.
The waxed or vanished floors
which SPOT n a drop Of water touches
them arc MT practicable on the farm:
but the room may stiIl be made pre-
sentable without carpet. clean. and
more easily kept in order.
In our own case. tn problem was
70 hnish a hardwood floor that has
been used some years. and was rough
and dlscolored In places. Perhaps
some Of the prepared floor wakes
would have given more pleasing re-
srits. n mere beauty was the motive.
But We wanted Durability. and Moor
not too slippery.
II was first sandpapered until
sr7ooth. And this part Of the work
must be thoroughly done: for on Its
'Ftftf''tNa'"' AtEtHNH MMtU OF the
future beauty Of the work. as well
a. the ease OF keeping II In order.
II not perfectly smooth che dust II
hound 20 stick: while n tie surface
i properly reduced the dust wipes OF
very easily.
There were some cracks 20 be Allied.
We had read On a paper pulp fiiIlns cas-
iiy prepared by tearing newspaper into
small bits and cooking II in paxty
water Until soft. then kneadins II into
pulp. This may answer with very
large cracks
u h difficult to work smoothly into
small ones. and on the whole rather
an expensive makeshlft n time - va,.
liable. II Il bctt.r to invest In q pre-
pared crack niicr.
This spreads smoothly and evenly.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15
SOME EXPERIENCES in BuTTER MAKING
in ORDER TO MAKE GOOD BpTTER DURING THE WHIT
MER. CARE IS NECESSARY.
is NECESSARY.


around and some butter to sell---quite
"a little more In proportion TO the
m rnber Of COWS kept than most OF
cur neiGhbors
Last winter we MIXED two cows all
winter ann kept an account OF the
butter we sold.
During the coIdest part OF the vim
ter. from December 10th to January
goth, we churned and sold IS pounds
and 10 ounces.
on this amount 24ta pounds was
the product IL 10 days milk, minus
that which we Kept for table use.
This. We think. is a pretty good show
Ing for Two cows such as ours. for,
being ordinary farmer folk. we kee
ordinary cows; but they are we'll
cared FOR and in consequences they
give good returns.
During the fall and winter months
they are kept In the stable every
might; In the summer they have an
open shed for shelter.
They always have pasture in season
and a little ground grain twice a day
When pasture begins 10 get scarce late
IN tie summer. we feed green fodder
or some other green roughage 10 take
\. place.
In the winfe- they have plenty Of
good hay and fodder beside grain
three fimes q day: about TWO quarts
OF feed for each COW.
Corn and nat chop or equal parts
ccrnmeaI bran With little oil-meal
added IL the usual grain ration In the
winter. Two. quarts Of ground graii
added 20 abo 4, two gallons OF cut
clover makes satisfying meal for a
cow. The clover Is always scaided
before the grain Is added.
We add little salt and then mix
thororghiy. Wooden candy buckets
are uxed. These buckets are lari-e
and last quite while.
Sometimes apples. rutEbagss or
pumpkins without the seed) are
given instead Of the scalded clover.
but the clover. We find. gives very
satisfactory results
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15
EARNlNc CAPACITY OF LAND

would have 20 drop . dairy and 90
In mainly for hogs. poultry. onions.
potatoes. beans ard perhaps cucum-
beers and sweet corn Four brood
mares could be kept on rfty-acre
place TO do the work and raise horses
for market After two seasons there
wouis be shrc. OF four horses to sell
every year.
II IL reasonably certain that any
business man who runs a diversified
farm "a carefully ss he eenaucts q
store can clear from ti.eoa 20 5000
. year. keep up his place ia proper
order and have aelightfrl country
home. We also win rain considerably
In the appreciation Of land. and he
has ALWAYS the satisfaction 81 know
ing that his investment Is perfectly
safe.
II often ls said that the chief desire
az the rural citizen Il TO live In town
and thst Of the city man 20 get into
the country. ON neither si1e II there
a fun appreciation Of the advantages
All Disadvantages.
II probably 10 true. however. that
when larger proportion Of trained
business men turn their attention TO
the tilIinx ~ the soil there will be
greater dnsneiai results and less
waste 70 the average farm.
James J. Hill has complained that
American farms are not half titled.
and this msnifestiy IL true. with
more intensive methods and greater
diversity the farms OF the country
would support twice the population.
In other wards they would yield twice
their present profits.
When men take hold or farming "a
earnest they will work the soil for
all there u I'm II. Just Al they conduct
stores and factories. The American
farmer IA industrious. frugal and intel
lis ent and yet a. rule he does not
farm on business principles He has
acquired His fertile acres too easily
and the handling Of large areas has
bred csreisssness and over-conndence.
The time has come when he must con-
serve his rcsources--~hen he must
get greater results from his land.
whether he h farming Nnftv. one hum
dr>d or nss hundred acres The
farmer can beat the city man hands
down n he makes up his mind to run
hts Affairs On business principles.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15
LITTLE LIFTS on THE FARM.

II will be much easier TO find the
farm tools next spring IL they are all
IN one place under roof than II they
have to be dug out Of the fence corr
ners after the s-ow goes away.
II the cultivator shovels and pillow
shares are all secured bright and then
covered with a coat OF boiled linseed
oil before being put away for the win
ter they will not rust
Some people use xle grease to
cover the bright parts OF machinery
10 prevent rust but we have found
that some kinds Of grease will actually
cause iron and steel TO rust.
A good alter can be made by sink
ing so-gallon barrel in the ground
where the roof spout from the house
enters the earth TO pass into the cis-
tern. FIJI the barrel with charcoal
and let the water run through II.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15

A great many people have trouble
with their cream and butter durins
tfo winter months; others have more
Tor less trouble ali the time.
Why Simply because there u
something wrong with their method
|of CARING for tbs cream or churning
butter. Sometimes the butter will not
come. with . reasonable amount Of
|churning. One complains OF white
|srecks In the buttes. another says the
butter has . peculiar bitter taste. AMI
70 II goes.
Some Of the people use cream sspa-
ratorr. while others do not. However.
~ Il safe to say that In either case the
cream Is not In the proper condition
Ito be churned.
Either the temperature IL at fault
|or else the cream has not been prop
|erly "ripened''--probably both COM
bined some people contend that the
food which = COW consumes has more
to do with the conditions Of the cream
than the way In which II. Is ripened
and churned.
However this may be. there Is no
denying the fact that well-fed. we'll
cared-for COW viii give richer milk
and more OF II than one that y half
starved and otherwise neglected.
The word abused might be substi-
futed for neglected. There should be
. Law passed to punish thouxhfless
people who drive their cows with
doRs
We never have any trouble with
our cream or butter At any season OF
IN year.
We are not In the dairy business
and therefore have never tried any
improved methods 10 essential TO sue
cess when the business ID conducted
upon a large scale.
We keep grade Jerrey cows.
One II our COWS IL a family pet.
Che Il very old and not 20 very pro-
ntable. but she gets the same care
that the others do
We have all the milk. crcsm and
butter that we can use the year
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15

Il, either case the amount Of ground
grain 10 the same. Whole grain not
being suitable feed for mich cows. we
h We tried crushed corn. but our
COWS do not give as much milk when
~ is being fed. probably on account
OF the cob.
Bran and cornmeaI. equal parts,
with half pin OF oil-meaI added.
gives excellent results.
Our cows. like all the rest Of the
live stock. have plenty Of good water
TO drink.
In very cold weather we take the
chill OF the waite. for when the
water Is very cold or partly frozen,
cows win not drink as much as they
require. and cows need great deal OF
water
Now. for our method Of caring for
the milk: The cows are MIXED regu-
larry morning and night. always be-
Inc fed before the milking Is begun.
The stripping. or last part OF each
milking. is kept separate and strained
into the cream Jar. Two jars are used
IN d whenever one IL full the next
churning Is started.
That is, al fresh cream is put into
the othe- Jar. About the time e
second jar il fun. the first is ready to
be charned. sometimes a little before.
II IL Is too slow about ripening. a
little buttermifk is ss...-,s in. In the
" ter it usually requires about "a
hours for the cream 10 ripen after the
jar Is full.
The cream is stirred frequently.
This helps the ripening process. Fresh
milk added to the cream also helps.
The sooner the cream Ii churned
after II is thick. the better. for II 1t
sits too long II viii get too sour. This
Is sometimes the cause of the specks
and also the peculiar flavor found in
butter.
scalding the cream win a,sr cause
trouble. sometimes. However It should
be kept above freezing always. We
keep our cream Jars near the kitchen
range when the weather is very cold.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15

To relieve q crop-bound bird mn q
fountain syringe with warm water.
insert the end Of the hose without the
nozzle into the birds throat and eli
the crop with water. Then hold the
birds head down and gently press out
the contents Of the Gro !.
separate the cockcreis from the pub
lets. They are OF no earthly use. but
on the contrary do harm. They should
be caponixed or mt 70 a.arket
II your chicken house faces north
board up the opening and transfer
them 70 the south <ide and make them
big enough 70 allow the sunshine \,
Mood the noer.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15
SELLING HORSES n THE FAIL.

che man who is in the habit Of SELL
Ing his horses In the fall TO avoid ex-
penses 4 keeping them in the winter
and buying new animals the follow
ing spring viii find IL he keeps books
on his transactions Cor five years that
he saves no money and Is constantly
working at disadvantage with new
horses.
Horses are always higher prices in
the spring than. In the fall because
many men sell in the fall havirg no
use for their teams during the winter
ami the farmer who has good animals
20 dispose OF at spring prices. is the
one who iraps the benefit.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15
PROTECT SHEEP FROM DOGS

A Minnesota farmer says that he
KEEPS dogs away from his lock By
putting W ia his pasture tho dummy
Of man holding a stick for a gun.
This dummy Is taken down every
morning and ut up again in the evsn-
Ing at different places from night to
nlght lie says a sheep killing dog
viii not 50 near enough 20 the ium.ny
to discover that II y bogus man.
sheep should be protected from
dogs vt ni8ht ~ putting them into
the sheep aarn or enclosing them IN
nne weather by q hiah barb wire
fence.
Every sheen owner who discovevp
stray dog ON his place should not
hesitate 10 MI him full Of buckshos.
he u trsSpsssar and the Jaw sill not
touch . man who kiils him.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15

The nails should ~ very snarp and
should fcrn, circle with their points
about one and one-hslf inches In
diameter for mink.
This makes an Ideal trap for coonz
-~wh ~n the hois II ssnalIsr--for the
coon fhru.ts It's claws into small holes.
and under chunks and rocks in
~ rcs ~ food
Bats far Cur snirnAls birds mice.
IA h<~x plec~x Or rabbi. or fous1ras'
Leave everything around the trap
u ~ natural position - possible.
DO not 70 near tbs trap when once
set any more Than you can help. a.
the animals fsns~ Of smell IL very
k<snJ. W Gvirnn.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15
PROTECT AGAINST RABBITS AND
NICE.

These animals may be kept from
injuring the trunks OF trees by boxing.
or BY placing a piece Of galvanized
wire screen around the tree trunk
and covering 1t to the height or about
twenty inches This viii also pre-
vent sunscald: and II costs much less
than TO replace the trees after the
rabbits have injured them. The snow
should be well tramped about young
apple trees TO prevent mice from i'm
Turing the bark under the snow-crust.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15

Ttlr -hfc t~n he filled With hay.
Il ~. o. fss,dsf ~ fart ~ u - ten
flsm E.i.U. a settles down and crn
\. fstiil~d Whenever necvf>sry,
rh's rack b sdaT fatis % the needs
r. sfsep cAssi. and other fteek, - u
provides good shelter and niahss. too.
4 fnfere+ nnnnr.. shed for the waste
psilsd mt wsli u ,ramplsd under Pot
I'D ~ shs ialnpsrsnf converted mo
rEnpre
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15

hy lntimaiing that this feast would
result in the growth Of various mi
cr,bcs IN his body. The negro pleaded
20 be released IN order that he might
seek the services 81 doctor. but he
was sent to Jail Cor ten days instead
where he v-orkes. any OF the alarm
ing symptoms by pounding rocks n
the chain gang.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15

Three o. more stout posts are set
IN zach side. tas innz as you wish 70
make the *hchl firmly IN the ground
Ahsu. IS feet from tho xfound board
n tni t.ef like any ashef buiia.nx
llAt lrw large vind~u g. each <nd.
ftsr thr fsedins-rnfk Of poles
80 81 fleAfttr I'VE \. the UPPER
ere ~ fhe pole rerfsnr ~ the utsise
rh.f.f
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15

ofana~ County. California. r,sed
sotnsltisG more than i.ooo ssris 10
o. celery this season tsiued II stzo.-
900.
'*pt y~as Germany lost t.eeo.oes
'ons az potnto~s ~ decay ana dts<ase.
snf The government ba nov offered
= lara m"ne> Prize for = method Of
pretfvtns p<tstocs during The Win
i~f1v ivi~1 10 pr~xtut lon BY
~ 80 troa dissas>.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15
4 srBsT, :TIaL rosr.

satisfactory corner-post may be
made from small tree. as follows:
The tree Is cut the size wished for
the post t;he tree forked. Of counsel.
The FORK Is cut foot shorter than
body. The post Is put in tho
ground and the fork turned on the
inside corner with a rock placed I'M
der the prong.
L y impossible for pest made In
this way 70 pull away.--M. r.. Penn-
sNlsAnla.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15

i.@u. o. neerv ~ farms. No. OF IA
wire galvanized. two double. q suf.
ttlsAt "a hold up any gate found on
ths farm
The swivel holt which screws into
~ pet should ~ placed FAR enough
from The top hinge ~ the gale 70 ~
70 ~ turned conveniently 70 lake W
ne a,ask IN The wire.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15
AFRAID on MICROBES.

A covetous negro stole lot OF
sweet corn growing on the propaga-
tion plat az the experiment farm 81
the Department Of Agriculture. near
Washington. The darby was arrested.
and the court learning that the corn
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15

According 70 > western Journal q
machine for ~irina apples has been
lnsssil~d W she Hccd niver Valley.
that yin ave cents on each box Of
fruit Hsrstcfofe oil of tbs apples
have h'~n wiped b. hand. bat this
mzcl.s< VIII ~ip~ 81 q ne apples
for 400 or SEQ boxes
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15

A company has been formed In
Oklahoma for the pnrpose Of raiaing
mules. A large farm has been bought
near xowats and no other animal but
muiss viii b raised on tho land
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15

= ~Hrm hnnhous< u not neressxr-
~ an elaborate one. indeed. some Of
% most slaborxss are the crldcst.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15

sanitary Milk Pail in Two Parts
the top removable with provision for
fastening cheese-eIoth strainer. Tho
milking aperture not over SIX inches
In diameter.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15

TINS sATE WONT SAG.
he sifsis and swivel bolt any
atssmitF chn make. The ~irs f.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15

II took England soo years 10 H.
crease her Yield Of wheat from 10 70
n bushels per acre. 10 an average Of
Ar bush~ia his was accomplished
h rxeiy By me use NJ animal manure.
The United kinNeom has ~ farm
animals Per mile while our bes( aere~
ltssul saas1s hays ~ shAn %.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15

eoo.A. s'ssa ssd4'as ~vss nseA
cleaulas.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1911-12-15

= few years ago was taking to I
farmer ana business man who aid
that hs always thought that Il cox
nearly twenty cents per pound 70 pro-
ducs pork. y
A. that time ~ had not had much
experience with hoes and / could not
give bim any dennito figures on the
|Nubtect but It put me 70 fnvestigatjng
pat : si-pound grade chester
white piG IN : pen. FED him and mixed
ground feed such ~ tho farm pro-
duced mixed with water,
When the pig was NV months ole
~ We slaughtered and weighed 1es
pounds
The psx hsd eA.en ss4 p.unds OF
feed II 400 PEI hundred pounds. II
the ptg p valued at 1900 1t the tims
tie feeding began I. would make the
pork cost $0.o5s per pound.
ant spring weighed and kept an
IN account Of the feed required for
two brood sows with twelve pigs.
The feeding began about a week
before shes Rigs were farrowed ana
cohtinned until the pigs were eight
*FsFN 0tUs
Al the end Of the period / found
ust the pigs averaged thirty pounds
each and thar had fed them the fol-
loving ration with the retail value
u,sf prevailed here at the time.
~ Ibs wheat Ialddlings. ;l.5o
per 100 - .-...-........-s .1o
~ bushels Of corn. si.oo
fussei .............. las
10 ll<. MIXED feed. $500 per
ivy ....s.-........... 9.04
30 corn meal. 1900 per 100. 100
AZ bu. potatoes so.so per bu.. LEO
n We divide si4as BY twelve. the
number Of pigs. Ne and that the feed
bun cost practically tito each for the
pisn-
4 fair estimate OF the labor caring
Tor the sows IA pigs and feed
for The spws during tho CESSATION per-
Tod would likely add sl.so per head
10 The cost Of the pigs which would
put the cost up 10 e1-zo each.
They would have sold readily At
from ~ to 81 each right from the
farm. soid nine oS them for. breed
tn- stock for ssf.se and have on hand
one Of the best ones for brood sow
and two Of the smaller Ones for kill
fne- IN AL tho pigs are conssrvativeiy
valued ~ sst At right weeks old
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1911-03-14
SAYS WILL BUILD
WAXAHACH|E LINE
STONE q WEBSTER TO CON-
STRUCT INTERURBAN TO BE
OPERATION IN 1911.
Manager Moore Declares Lines OF
the Northern Texas Traction
Company to BE Used Into
the City,

The following appeared in this
mornings Dallas News:
Announcement was made yester-
day by Manager Edward T. Moore of
the Dallas street railway lines that
Stone & Webster will build an inter-
urban line from Dallas to Waxaha-
chic that is intended to be in active
operation by the fall of 1911. The
line is to be approximately thirty
miles long and will cost about ST.
GOO, 900, The roadbed is to be of the
best and the rolling stock of the la
test pattern,
Mr.. Moore said:
THE firm of Stone & Webster an
nounces that it will build an inter
urban electric railway, entirely indie
pendent of the local Dallas lines
from Waxahachie to connection
with the lines of the Northern Texas
Traction company at Oak Cliff. They
will operate their cars over the lines
of the latter company
Engineers were put into the field
today to check the surveys made by
their engineers in 1906. Right of way
will be obtained as soon as possible
and construction will be pushed and
it is hoped that the lines will be in
operation by the fall of 1911.
'Stone & Webster desired to build
and operate this new line in connec-
ton with the Dallas properties. This
W. nj ho NJ 2,
Dallas and would have enabled the
local lines to do more for Dallas
than they otherwise can AS repeat
eddy stated the investment required
can not safely be made in connection
with the local companies under the
present franchise conditions
The adjournment of the legisla-
ture without action permitting the
people of Dallas to vote on any
franchise REIMBURSEMENT leaves the
possibility of cooperation between
the local companies and the new line
too indefinite for consideration now.
1T is the purpose of the Stone &
Webster management to present to
the people of Dallas, within a short
time, the full facts concerning the
cost, value, present condition and
| earning power of the Dallas compan
| les under it's management, in orde
that the exact situation may be full
ly understood by all.
1T is confidently believed thu
when the facts are thus disclose
and understood the citizens of Dali;
| will agree that the firm of Stone
| Webster is justified in acting will
out further deles. independently c
| the Dallas companies. although thi
does not bring Dallas all that /
might wish from the new line. or al
which could have been secured hac
necessary franchise rights been
granted "