davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1911-11-29

% movement that no less than LOO sheets
are impressed In one hour" II was re-
served for Robert Hoe TO build, in 1872 the
FIRST such press in America. much improved
uron Koenic's earlier model. In 1872, TOO
the process of stereotyping as at present
practised was Invented. Finally IN lS35' the
penny press" was founded in "The Morn
iug Post" printed bv the man who was
presently 10 he the founder Of The IT'D
une. and then. for the first time. instead OF
having 20 subscribe Cor paper by the year
C. else with difficulty 10 secure a single
COPY FOR SIX cents or more. b. became pos
s,ble for any one 20 get h.s daily paper for
q cent
Such 7ere the circumstances in whicH
The Tribune came into being ON April TO-
rsr. Born at an ausp.c.Ous tme it was
the happy lot o. this paper quickly Co as
sune decided leadership in The epoch Of
progress which was then opening When
Robert Hoe increased ,ae size OF his cyin-
der presses to the gigantic ten-cylnder
machine. operated bog eleven men and
printing twenty thousand sheets an hour DO
was The Tribune for which the first one
was built. in 1s55. When. .n ls5, William
A. Bullock acted Upon Sir Rowland Hiu's
hint OF twenty years before and .roIeAt olt
The web perfecung press The Tribune was
foremost TO make use of that marvellous
machine and it has been quick to secure
@r Hoe S subsequent Improvements upon
u from time to tine. 10 was iu the office
Oh The Tribune, too. that newspaper
siereotypiug. one Of the prime essentials
o. the business was first introduced into
me United States. When, iu the last third
VI the century. the linotype az last prone
.S'a satisfactory substitute for the old
""no ty9esettng which had hitherto pre-
.alied. 10 was in the composing room OF
'N' Tribune that the machine was
feiiecicd and first put in practical
use Finally. wacn Photographic proc
made noe rapid production Of
..'-ffs rosehle. 10 $500. The Tribune that
u-I Uy virtue Of deyice- invented ia MS
New-York tribune., 1911-11-29

and lecturer the distinction Of successful
diulomat-re was secretary Of legad lion at
ST Petersburg in IS62-fnds n sympathetic
parallel IN another author and poet. John
Hav. known so widely az the private sec
retary and biographer OF Lincoln, as diplo-
mat and as Secretary OF state, that minute
details concerning him are surely unneces-
sary. and he belongs also 10 The Iroune
roll Of honor His editorial writings were
the work OF a penetrating observer or pun
lie affairs. whose pen. whether employed on
political or on lighter topics always re-
vealed the man Of letters. Mention OF him,
as Of TAYLOR. recalls one Of the most potent
clements in the history Of The Tribune. It's
literary tradition Some members Of the
staff have lent weight to the columns or
the paper chiefly by their practical and
thorough handling Of the queGtions OF the
day. In this category Count Gurowskl
may be cited. the refugee rough diamond
from Russia beneath whose picturesque
and even forbiddiEg exterior were con-
cealed great learning and the fruits OF a
long and intimate acquaintance with Euro
pean politics But I'M the long list OF lhe
Tribunes regular contributors the comol-
nation OF essentially literary qualities Win
other gifts is the most frequently noticed
phenomenon 1t dates from the earliest
years of the paper, when Margaret Fuller
first in a succession Of women contriou-
tors including the names Of such skiliul
and charming writer's az Mrs. L. q. G.
Runkle Mrs RcDccca Harding Davis Mrs.
l.. C. Moulton, Grace Greenwood and hale
Field-brought her original and sometimes
caustic faculty 10 the reviewing OF lie"
books. Her acidulous reception Of some or
I.ongfellow's publications is still the occa-
sion Of anecdote. Somewhat later came
Richard Hndreth. the historian, and Ia
New-York tribune., 1911-11-29
EARLY WORK OF THE PAPER.

With that estimate Of the influence OF
The Tribune in the abolition of slavery all
students OF American history will agree. In
the settlement OF other questions OF that
time The Tribune was equally potent. II
was established to advocate Whig doc
trines just as the Wings first came into
power. and was a champion Of Henry
Clay's American system" Of protecting
home industries which has borne such rich
fruit and helped 10 make the United States
one Of the leading nations in commerce
and manufactures The Tribune also early
advocated the opening Of the public lands
10 settlers on the easiest terms and was
! largely influential in the rapid growth Of
the Northwestern States. Though an ear
nest Wing. Mr.. Greeley was QU!ck to realize
when the work Of the Wing party was done,
and was power i'm bringing the anti
slavery Wings under the Republican ban
ner. Later 1t was in large measure due to
him that Lincoln. rather than Seward, was
the first Republican President. and, despite
some disagreements on details OF policy,
| The Tribune was one OF the most powerful
supporters Of the national government dur
ing the Civil War and eXerted great iniu-
ence in the troublous years which followed.
The reconstruction question disposed or
| The Tribune attacked the governmental
abuses inevitably growing out of the war.
It's fights for the resumption of specie pay
ment. and later the preservation OF the
gold standard. against the widespread ror-
ruption I'm official life, for the Introduction
Of the merit system in tine civil service,
and for the publication Of party organiza-
tons and the guarantee to the people or
fair elections and control over their own
nominations, are matters OF history. Re-
Gently 10 has taken leading part in con-
yer,ins the country to the policy OF eXpan-
sior. and IFS voice almost alone but sue
Ccssfully. was raised in warning against
legislation concerning our new possessions
which would have opened the door to the
incorporation OF the Philippines and their
barbarian population into the American
Union as assistants in its government.
The story of a newspaper is not COM
plete without some record Of the men who
have made II. II is true that from them
the veil OF anonymity is rarely lifted save
by accident. by death or by the develop
ment Of a mans career in new fields, in
yolving The satisfaction OF public curiosity /
Iv the disclosure of biographical details !
But i'm a review OF the story Of The Trib- |
une it is perhaps not uniting that our
rcade-s-so many Of whom have personal !
recollection Of important episodes in the
earlier history OF the papcr-should share
iu backward glance ~ some of those
who have composed its staff. II IS an in
terostinC and diversified lire strongly
marked by tho tradition Of its illustrious
founder Horace Greeley, who joined 10 his
high Ideals of morality and taste an in
eradlcable conviction that journalist
could be Of no earthly use TO his employer
II he were not amply provided with brains.
New-York tribune., 1911-11-29

pressed I'M its prospectus and with vlgOr.
spontaneity and resourcefulness OF editorial
power, the paper promptly attained a graft
fying degree Of success. It's daily crcuia-
ton in New York reached ten thousand
copies within a year; "A small circulation
compared with that which papers enjoy
to-day, and yet about as great in proper
ton TO the size Of the city Even more
important was the weekly edition Of The
Tribune. into which THE New Yorker" and
The Log Cabin had been merged. This
went by mail TO all parts Of the Union.
From Maine TO Missouri, which was the
extent Of the Union at that time, there
was scarcely n community, at least in the
free states of the North which The Weekly
Tribune did not enter, and there was
scarcely a Whig family in which II was
not read or in which its influence was not
felt
The first great work Of The Tribune in
national affairs was 70 rouse. organize and
consolidate the conscience of the North
against the sin OF human slavery. The
late George William Curtis once said on
this subject
During the decade from 1880 to 1860, the
most momentous period Of our history.
when the slavery controversy was hasten
ing to civil war. there was no greater
popular force in the country than The New
York Tribune and no public figure more
conspicuous and universally familiar than
It's editor. II seems 10 me that there has
never been newspaper which, upon the
whole. represented so distinctively the
character and conviction. the intelligence
and instinct of the American people as
The Tribune al that time" And Mr. Curtis
added. Gould The Tribune have been ST.
fenced or suppressed from 1850 10 1850 IL
would have been like silencing the voice Of
Samuel Adams for ten years before the
Revolution
New-York tribune., 1911-11-29
THE FIRST TRIBUNE.

The story Of the founding of The Tribune.
familiar as it is, may ntungiy be retold Ia
brief eytOme Horace Greeley had come
% New York as a jOurneyman printer in
August. 1881 In the midwinter OF 1892 33
he was the printer Of the short-lived
Morning Post" tine first one cent daily
PAPER In March 1894. Doe began editing
and publishing The New-Yorker week
D.. Daper devoted TO current news politics
and literature. which attained much Sue
cess and lasted for several years. until
merged into The Tribune ln 1898 me also
edited "The Jenersoniau," "a powerful and
effective political campaign paper ana ~
1870 he put forward the famous Log
Cabin" uerhaps the most noteworthy cam
paien paper ever published in America.
Tbou came The Tribune The circum-
stances OF its appearance were exceptional.
dramatic and memorable. THE Log
cabin" had contributed 20 the election OF
Harrison in November. 1870 lie was In
sragrated President in March, lS4l. Just
ono month later be died. And on the very
gav of his funeral, April 10, 1871, the first
number Of The Tribune appeared. il was
ann Ieaden day OF unreasonable cold, or
r.., and snow. and Of national mourning.
,-,, ,aper which was that day issued from
n dingv Ann street cellar was an insignih-
can't Ittle eheet which was 10 be sold Tor
q cent. In was 10 be a Whig paper, in
t.,ded eepecially for the common people,
.r,t 3, entered the field against two well
,g,,hIispod and powerful Democratic op-
uo,.pte .The Herald and "The sun.
GreeIcv's idea was 10 make it political
paocr which should be removed alike
from, .sryile craftsmanship on the one hand
and from gagged, mincing neutrality on
New-York tribune., 1911-11-29
LITERATURE AND ART.

The most generally known OF The
Tribunes literary critics was DIR. George
Ripley who introduced the practice Of so
reviewing a new book that the critics
opinions were unmstakeable. but left room
for a full careful statement OF what the
author had TO say. He laid down the law
with an autocratic hand, but he was just.
OF his fine scholarship and lovable per
sonal traits it is impossible to dwell in this
brief survey, but We cannot omit an allu-
sion TO his splendid vigilance in every
New-York tribune., 1911-11-29

There crowd upon memory the names OK
others who have likewise gone over ~ the
great majority. Gone IS Charles T. Cong
don. writer Of editorials and. sometimes. OF
reviews: a man richly cultivated, of deli
cate Imagination and a refined hdmor. with
a polished satirical faculty. Gone Is GeorSs
william Curtis whose Lotus Eaters
collection OF letters from the Catshlls.
Newport and similar resorts. a charming
souvenir OF American travel. was first pub
lshed in this paper. Gone is Solon Robin
son. a name unfamiliar 70 most readers
to-day. but well known in earlier times 10
those Interested in things agricultural, and
in divers other topics, too. Gone, too -
oliver Johnson. a member OF tho Garrison
circle of Abolitionists. lie edited The Week
Iv Tribune in the early 70's. and IL was n
The Tribune that he first published some
Of the rapers on anti-siavery leaders which
were later put in book form. II still seems
only a few years since the editorials OF
David Demarest Lloyd ceased 20 appear IN
The Tribune. lie was cut or IN his prime,
iust as he was broadening his scope ana
winning the laurels of A successful dram
atist The death Of Isaac II. Bromley.
wise. witty and original commentator on
all things under the sun that appealed 10
his unQuenchable sense of humor, was even
more recent. as was that OF Clarence Cook,
rimblest and most sparkling of writer's on
art Latest went from the ranks OF the
living Edmund Clarence stedman. poet ana
critic for many years commanding ng-
ure IN American literature. who IN his early
years poured freely Of his best into the
columns OF The Tribune Nor are some 10
he overlooked who have departed from The
Tribune. but not from nfe and fruitful ac-
t,vity: conspicuous among them the poet
and critic. William Winter. and the editor
and novelist, William Dean Howells
THE SECOND EDITOR.
II was in 1858 that Whitelaw Reid. then
az the head OF The Cincinnati Gazette"
upon the urgent invitation Of Horace Gree
lev TONED the staff Of The Tribune and
became, next 70 Mr.. Greeley himself its
chief editorial writer. In the followins
winter Mr. Reid was made MANAGING el-
itor. and a few years later, in IS2, he be-
came editor in chief when Mr.. Greeley re-
signed that place 10 become q candidate
for the Presidency OF the United States
Mr.. Reid remained active as both editor In
New-York tribune., 1911-11-29

own Office by members Of its own staff,
solved the problem OF printing in a daily
paper from a lightning press half-tone IL
Illustrations equal in clearness ard finish to
those in magazines and books.
New-York tribune., 1911-11-29
THE TRIBUNE BUILDING.

Three noteworthy incidents in the history
OF The Tribune deserve 20 be recalled.
one was the laying OF the cornerstone OF
the present Tribune Building, on January
q. 1874. The speaker ar the ceremonies was
Dr. George Ripley. then president OF The
Tribune Association, and IN his address hs
spoke az follows:
I'VE have assembled to-day IN com-
memoration Of the past and for consecra-
ton of the future The original foundation
or The Tribune was laid In sentiment and
ideas Horace Greeley was a man OF no
less profound convictions than OF lofty as
pirauons. The tenderness OF his emotional
nature was matched by the strength OF his
intellect. He was a believer In the progress
OF thought and the development OF science.
in the progress OF society and the Develop
ment OF humanity. Under the influence OF
this inspiration The Tribune was estab-
lished more than thirty years ago At that
time its basis was spiritual and not ma
terial-strong in ideas. but not powerful IN
brick and mortar, in granite or marble. IN
machinery or in money.
we have come to-day not 10 remove
this foundation, but TO combine II with
other elements. and thus TO give II re-
newed strength and consistency. II Il our
purpose 10 clothe the spiritual germ with
q material body TO incorporate the invin.
Continued ON socond- -paRu
New-York tribune., 1911-11-29

the other" He had two valuable assist
ants-Henry J. Raymond, in editorial
work. and George NJ Snow, 10 look after
the Wall Street department. Greeley him
self was both editor and publisher. The
paper started with about five hundred sub
scribers Five thousand copies were
printed and Greeley recorded afterward
that he succeeded i'm giving away nearly
all that could not be sold. This was done
with difficulty. for the managers Of some
other papers resorted to all possible
means. including intimidation and actual
violence. to prevent the circulation OF the
new paper. But opposition proved to he
stimulus. Al the end Of the first week two
thousand copies day were sold and the
number increased at the rate OF five hun
dred a week until IL reached ten thousand.
But n did not take Greeley many weeks
to realize that he was not made for pub
Usher. And then, as II by providential dis
pensation. there came 10 his aid young
lawyer who had already had some expert
ence as a publisher. by name Thomas Nc
Elrath. with an offer 10 join him as his
partner and to assume the business OF pub
fishing The Tribune The offer was prompt
Is accepted and that incident probably
assured the success of the venture. That
was not because Mr.. McEirath's manage
ment was particularly brilliant or ener-
getlc. but because il was at least so safe
and iudicious as 10 relieve Greeley Of all
business cares and 70 leave him free 10 de-
vote all his powers 10 the editorship or the
psper. In later years the firm Of Greeley &
McElrath was transformed into a stock
New-York tribune., 1911-11-29
The Paper, the Men Who
Have Made 1t, and the
Progress of Its Con-
stitu ncy in a
Period of Sew
enty Years.

The art preservative or arts" has not
only contributed immeasurably 20 the
progress OF the world in all the arts
and sciences. but has itself made prog
ress as noteworthy as any within the
achievements OF mankind. Especially is
this true OF that branch Of lt which includes
and IS concerned with the production Of the
Aaiiv newspaper There is no more fasci-
mating chapter IN the history OF civilization
than that which details the development Of
that fourth estate concerning which Thomas
Jefferson said that he would rather live IN
2 country with newspapers and without
government than in one with a govern
lBsnt and without newspapers. OF printing
= general. and of the newspaper press In
9artcular 10 may truly be said that more
progress was made In the last century than
in an the preceding centuries put together.
That estimate may indeed, be narrowed
down to the latter two-thirds OF the nine
teenth century: so that the story of The
Tribune. now NJ re than seventy years old.
IS practically co-extensive with the story Of
the great development or the daily press,
and Is, as We shall see. itself the history of
modern journalism I'm epitome
New-York tribune., 1911-11-29
HORACE GREELEY.

tury one Of the best known landmarks Of
New York. and in the last few years com
pletely renovated and quadrupled in size
still maintains its rank as an unsurpassed
model Of substantial and fireproof con-
struction and as the ideal Office building
New-York tribune., 1911-11-29
THE PROSPECTUS.

corporation known as The Tribune Asso-
citation.
New-York tribune., 1911-11-29
PROGRESS OF THE PRINTING ART

Modern Journalism had its origin in the
decade 1914. The printing press had
slowly. very slowly. grown from Guten-
berg's primitive machine through the i'm
provements OF Blaeuw, Stanhope. Clymer.
Smith and Rust 10 that OF Adams in the
early thirties which by virtue OF steam
power was able TO print on one side Looo
sheets an hour. on a parallel line Koenig
developed the cylinder press, first used by
"The London Times I'm 1874 working. said
that exultant Journal. with such velocity
New-York tribune., 1911-11-29

Continued On second psEr
New-York tribune., 1911-11-29

chief and publisher OF The Tribune untih
1889. when he was appointed 20 the place ot
United States Minister TO France. Soon
after his return from that duty. IN lso2 he
was nominated for the Vice-Presidency' and
thereafter spent some time in foreign travel.
Sc then resumed his place az the head 90
The Tribune. but some years later again
retired from il 20 become American AM
bassador 70 Great Britain. and was sue
ceeded as editor by Hart Lyman. IL was
under Mr. Reds direction and inspiration
that the major part OF The Tribunes prog,
ress and multifarious achievements which
this sketch records were effected
Daily Kennebec journal., 1911-04-22
JOS. ELWElL ARRESTED.
Former Stockbroker in Auburn Placed
Under $4,000 Bonds.

Auburn, Me-, April 21.-FoAoWing Il
special report of the grand jury here
this afternoon, Joseph Elwe't a former
stock5loRer of the firm Of Joseph Ell
weifx Co, was arrested at his home
in this city. It is understood ne is
charged with embeZzlement and OBJ
tanning money under false pretenses.
He was pat under $4,000 bonds which
he had not secured up to late hour
tonight.
Mr.. Elwell conducted the firm OF
Joseph Eiwell & Co, until about q
year ago, when the firm failed, and he
formed the Auburn Brokerage & Loan
Company. For the past month he has
I.at i,e"n engaged in active business.
It's understood that the charges are
in connection with his brokerage bust
ness. He did business in stocks, bonds
and mining investments lie promot-
ed Maekinaw. RawhiGe and others
and had direct wire connected with
the Boston curb.
Daily Kennebec journal., 1911-04-22
OAKLAND.

C. A. Ridley slipped and fell Thurs
day in the shovel handle shop, where
he has worked for many years and
,ut his right hand seriously on the
palmer.
Mrs. H. c. Cowing and two daugh-
ters have returned from Lincoln,
where they have been visiting Mrs.
Cowings parents for number of
W Weeks.
The High school baseball team will
play Hallowell at p. NJ. Saturday on
Dunn field, with the following lineup:
Libby. IS; Bridges. C: Damren. p or
2b; Perry If; Cross, 3b: Gleason, 1b;
Davis, RI; Withee. CT; Spiller, 2b or p.
The members of Acme RebeKah
Lodge are requested to meet at 2.30 p.
NJ. Sunday at odd Fellows hall, where
they will unite with Anon Lodge. 1.
o. o. F., in celebrating the anniversary
of the order. At 8 o'clock Rev. G. G.
Mosher of Augusta will give an ad-
dress at the Baptist church, to which
all are cordially invited.
The Musical Club of the Woman's s
Division of Colby College will give a
concert May - in Memorial hall under
the auspices of Sergeant Wyman Wo-
mans Relief Corps.
Daily Kennebec journal., 1911-04-22
MADERO'S ULTIMATUM.
Demands That ,Juarez Must Be Evacu-
ated at Once BY Federals.

Ell Paso, Tex, April 21.--If the Mex
ican government would avoid interna-
tional complications, it must order
General Navarro to evacuate Juarez at
once. This is the ultimatum sent by
General Francisco 1. Madero, Jr.. to DR..
VasqueZ Gomez at washington today
70 be communicated to the Mexican
government.
In addition General Madero sent word
to DR.. Gomez by way of the FL Paso
iunta that he was well aware of the
difference between the armistice and
peace negotiations which it was sug-
gested should follow the armistlce.
General Madero has taken the posi-
ton that an evacuation of Juarez is
essential before he will consider an ar
mistice
He is desirous of establishing
headquarters from which to conduct
formal negotiations with the Mexican
government. The reply of the Mexican
government is expected to be received
here from DIR. Gomez at Washington
and it is very probable that an attack
on Juarez will be postponed until 1t
arrives. Allowing for the time of conf
munication it is not believed an an
swer will reach here before midnight.
There was no activity in the Insur-
recto camp up to II O'Clock. The Insur-
rectos had been lounging about the
river banks in the sun. SO far no I'M
nortanr messages have been delivered
TO the Insurrecto camp by the messen-
gers from tie Fl Paso junta-
Madero this morning declared:
Nothing has occurred up to this
time to make me change my mind
about attacking JuareZ.
Mrs. Madero arrived this morning
from san Antonio. where she has been
staying since Madero went into Mex
leo.
Flags of all nations again gave
Juarez a carnival appearance. All shop
windows have been boarded up. not
only to prevent breakage Of glass. but
Daily Kennebec journal., 1911-04-22
MODIFIED MEXICAN REPLY.
Changes in Message Regarding Border
Outrages Reported to State Dept.

Washington. April 2l.-The modif-
cation of the Mexican reply 10 Presi-
dent Tafts protest against the recent
border developments was reported to
the state department today by Am
bassador Wilson at Mexico City. Of
flciaIs oi the department expressed the
opinion that the changes were due to
further advices To the Mexican gov
ernfneat, showing that original reports
as to the incidents at Aqua Pricta and
Douglas We're erroneous. Ambassador
Wilson did not go into details as to
the character of the changes.
Administration officials reiterate
their belief that conflicting reports to
washington and Mexico City of the
occurrences along the border are en-
tirely responsible for the difficulty. The
state department does not expect to
receive before Monday or TUESDAY the
text of the Mexican reply.