The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1911-07-27
HOG ChOLERA...No.7 I.
BY d.. N. n. Reynolds, Mime.
sofa University Farm.

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Farmers ought to understand the
two methods Of protecting susceptible
hogs, by vaccination, against cholera
Experimental work has been under
way at the Minnesota Experiment Sta
ton since November, 1907. Such worA
has been under way still longer In the
Federal Bureau of Animal Industry,
very greatly to the credit Of Doctors
Dorset and Niles, who have had
charge of the government work.
We can say to farmers that this
hog-cholsra vaccine work has pro.
crossed to point where we have an
established method Of producing a
serum capable of giving ample pro.
lection. We. can vaocinate hogs and
make them absolutely immune to
cholera, when the serum is intsli.
gently and fairly used according to di.
rections
The two methods of vaccination we
know as "serun'-onIy" and "simuItan.
sous." serum-onIy vaccination con.
sists of injection, under the skin, Of
blood serum taken from q hyper-im.
muns hog, ~ explained In Hog Chol
era Article ~. 6. Such treatment
gives immediate but very temporary
Immunity. But If the treated hog 10
soon after vaccination exposed to pen
infection with sick hogs, or given an
incubation with virulent blood from a
hog sick with cholera, it then be
comes immune for long period, per
haps for life.
The second method, which ! called
simultaneous vaccination, consists Of
an injection Of protecting serum under
the skin of one thigh; and, immediate
ly afterwards, an injection of serum
from sick hog under the skin of the
other thigh. BY this process We give
the susceptible hog the disease, and
1T the same time give him something
which enables him to resist the infec
ton. The hog is then presumably in
about the same condition as though be
had gone through an outbreak of chol
era and recovered. Everybody knows
that hogs which have gone through
outbreaks are usually immune for life
Vaccination by the serum.onIy
method gives instantaneous immunity
Protection under the simultaneous
process Is supposed to come little
slower, but lasts very much longer
We usually consider about two weeks
a. necessary for ~ vaccination pro
cess to be completed under the stimuli.
taneous method. q s's.
Experience is accommodating which
shows that the death rate is not lsrs-
OF. when apparently we'll hogs In re-
cently-infected herds, are given p the
Simultaneous, vaccination, than when.
such hogs are given serum only. The
double vaccination has the advantage
Of permanent pr lection. For the
present, we are gen ,rally advising the
serum-only method for use in herds
where the disease has very recently
appeared. Our serum should not be
used at all in any herds where the
disease has not very recently ap-
peared. - -.
There is no risk whatever from the
serum-only vaccination; but the mere
catching and undue disturbance of
hogs that have been infected with
cholera, and are more or less feverish,
sometimes results in hurrying the
case. Such hogs may die within ten
or twelve hours; when, without such
undue chasing and handling, they
might have lived for several days. In
such case owners usually blame the
serum. Such hogs would have died
Just the same II they had been in
jscted with water, or had been chased
and handled and not infected at all.
During the past year, at the station,
We have produced about $500 doses Of
serum and only one batch of the en-.
tire, lot has faiisl to prove potent I'm.
der actual trial.
Our field results during the past
year have been very satisfactory.
Several disappointment in connection
with the use of our serum have been
reported. 1t has been our policy to
send an assistant to Investigate such
cases; partly for the purpose Of show
Ing the local people, for their own flu
txre benefit, wherein the trouble lay.
The next article will undertake to
present the causes and explanations
of disappointments in connection with
the serum, and to define the condi.
tons under which the serum is dis
Gibuted.
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