davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-05-19
LUMBERMEN ARE FOUND
GUILTY OF CONSPIRACY
Former Owners of New Or
leans Lumber Co. Convicted
in Federal Court
rBy Associated Press.)

NEW ORLEANS. May K.-Ferdinand
H Durselin and Carl H. Georg. former
owners of the Yellow Pine Lumber COM
pany of New Orleans, were found
guilty in the federal court OF conspiF
acy to defraud and using the mails for
fraudulent purposes in connection with
bills of lading on lumber shipments Mo-
ton for a new trial was made and SEN
tence was deferred untn Saturday
1t was alleged that the defendants de-
frauded Laurao Peterson, of HAMBURG
Germany, out of approximately $25,0O
through shipments of lumber which was
inferior in grade to that specified in the
bills of lading
Several months ago Peterson sued the
Yellow Pine Lumber company and the
Hinton White Lumber company both or
which were included in the alleged con-
spiraey to defraud, and secured a verdidl
for $22.5 800.
Durselin testified at the trial yester-
day that he had no part in the conspir-
acy, and sought to put the blame On
his former partner, Georg. It developed
at the trial that Durselin and 1Georg had
been involved in similar scheme sew.
eral years ago al Mobile.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-05-19
COOPER SAYS THE SOUTH
MUST RAISE MORE COTTON
Fifteenth Annual aGthering of
Cotton Manufactures
Held at Richmond

RICHMOND. Va, May 1A-When
President ID Y. Cooper. OF Henderson.
y. C, opened the 18th annual convention
OF the American Cotton Manufacturers
association here today the cotton sched-
ute or the Payne-Aldrich tariff act was
the topic OF greatest interest
During the morning the members lis
tened TO suggestions for the Increase OF
the American cotton piece goods trade
IN China. given by DR.. Gilbert Reid.
director OF .ae international Institute OF
China
Reports were heard from the excess
fare and cotton warehousing and bill OF
lading committees. Cotton picking de-
vices and scientific factory management
we're the subjects OF addresses
Methods Of the cotton exchanges,
which leading cotton manufacturers for
some time have criticized severely. was
the principal subject OF the afternoon
session Arthur r. Marsh. president OF
the New York cotton exchange had pre-
pared an address op~that institution and
there was a lengthy report Of the as
sociation's joint committee on cotton ex-
changes BY Lewis Parker, its chairman.
President Cooper in his annual address,
urged the necessity for the south 20 raise
more cotton 70 meet increasing demands
Of TIE manufacturers.
The crop OF 1si0-l1 VIII be worth
x.oco oa.O00~ he said. -or twice as much
- The output OF all the gold mines OF the
world eombIned for the same year.
Crops Of 12.500.,~J 10 17.ooo.o00 bales an
naaily are necessary for legitimate de-
ruands at remunerative prices 10 the
growers Less than this amount means
manipulated markets and usury trade
conditions
while the number OF spindles and
acreage have increased enormously, the
production Of American cotton has de-
clined-"
president Cooper depiored friction be
sween cotton growers, manufacturers and
representatives OF the exchanges rela-
1--WE 10 the methods OF exchanges. II
would be to their mutual interest, hs
sad. II the exchanges themselves would
revise their laws and methods.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-05-19
$500, 900 LOSS BY FIRE
IN PLANT IN SUFFOLK
Balm Peanut Company Suffers
Heavy Loss by Conflagra-
ton

NORFOLK. Va. May 1e.-Ffre last
night partially destroyed the plant of
the Balm Peanut Company of Suffolk,
Va, entailing a loss of 100000. Two
hundred thousand bushels of peanuts
were burned.
Several flremen had narrow escapes
when the walls OF the plant collapsed.
The combined. forces oftthe city fire de-
partment andtthe company's own appa-
ratus proved Intellectual.
Though the storage side which was
consumed aud the plant holding all the
heavy machinery were all under one
roof. the two compartments were sepa-
rated by a thick fire wall This at a
late hour yet has withstood the flames
and the factory end of the structure
likely will be saved There were stored
In the warehouse end of the place more
than 200 goo bushels of peanuts, valued
at 100000. The loss on the portion OF
the building already destroyed will reach
$4,000 The Insurance is estimated at
$4,000.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-05-19
NOT ENOUGH COTTON TO
RUN MILLS SAYS HAYNE
Bull Operator Says Shortage
Will Be More Than Four
Million Bales
CIV Associated Prsss.)

NEW ORLEANS, May 1s.-"There Is
not enough cotton to go around" deciar-
ed Frank B. Hayne, prominent bull lead
er and local cotton buyer last night.
He caused excitement In the
New Orleans exchange yesterday
by Offering TO buy 100000 bales
of May and July at the market price.
then going one better by Offering an
Is of a cent higher than the exchange
quotations for all the cotton in the city.
1--WE know how much cotton we Will
get between now and September h" ne
continued, 'and there is not enough to
keep the mills running and some of them
must close down. For the last two years
the world has needed 100000 bales and
all it will get will be 22,5O0,O0o bales or
4.500 900 bales short of the amount re-
auired and what would have been used
had the staple been grown. That Is the
situation. 1 believe cotton viii go high
err"
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-05-19
COMMISSION FORM MAY
Be TRIED BY COL UMBUs

COLUMBUS. Ga, May IS.-At the
monthly meeting Of the Columbus Board
of Trade tonight. it is expected that this
body will take up the subject of the
commission form of government for Co
lumbus, and possibly pass resolutions
indorsing IT.
The question has been discussed BY
members Of the body for several meet
ings and the matter promises to be q
feature of tonights session.
Already a special COMMITTEES OF citi-
zens has the matter under considera-
ton. and several local attorneys are en-
gagged in preparing a general bin. pro-
viding for n change in city charters -
that the commission may be substituted
in place OF the old aldermanic plan in
Georgia cities, to be introduced in the
next general assembly.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-05-19
GEN. OGLETHORPE IN PERSON
TO ATTEND GEORGIA DINNER
GEN. oeLETzoRPE's WIRELESS
TO WALTER "a. COOPER

y (By Wireless from the Other
. WORLDLY
y Walter G.. Cooper, ESQ, Secretary
y to the Board of Trade and Plan
= tatlons at the New City OF Allan
Ia, IN the Colony OF Georgia.
= MY Faithful Son:
q Your message was handed me by
y Saint Peter, who did much com
y mend the works of your board OF
y trade, saying that many excellent
. men were therein joined together
. for the good of my beloved colony.
= Some who have lately come here
y say that Georgia hath more people
y than all the American colonies had
= in my time. 1 hear that your
y president, the Hon. Mr.. Paxon, and
. your board of directors do busy
= themselves continually in doing
= some good thing for the health and
= prosperity of my people
. Many speak well of your good
= lie city, although / fear 1t may be
= a trifie worldly and the women
= overgiven to fashion. Ny slum-
= Der hath been mucn disturbed OF
y late by the noise of your new
. tangled chariots and the roar OF
= your trafl-c.
d1A Ahu(l AuSAfhC0 ~ ANNCPt :
= the invitation of your president
= and directors, If St Peter will
y grant me leave of absence. which
. he seemeth favorably disposed to-
= ward. inasmuch as he hath here
> under his charge many goodlie :
y men and women from Georgia who
= speak well of your city and desire :
y to hear news from there, saying :
= that they would almost be will
y ing to leave this. place of rest and :
= return to the land of their nativi-
y ty, so much 10 they love Atlanta
y Convey y good will and bless :
, ing to all the people of Georgia
, and say to them lat / viii be glad :
, TO meet them in atlanta at the :
, feast which you call the Georgia :
= dinner. Tell my beloved son,
= Stovall, not to fail in coming from :
y Savannah, as 1 desire to hear the :
, state of that city, which hath a :
, warm place in my heart.
y Farewell.
, OGLETHORPE. !
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-05-19
Macon Gets Reunion

Macon, Ca, was chosen at tine nhai
meeting by the United Confederate Vet
Grams as the next reunion city at the an
nual encampment of the old soldiers
The following officers were reelected.
Commander-in-chief, Gen. George W.
Gordon Memphis. Tenn.
Department commanders: Army OF
Northern Virginia. Lieut.. Gen. C. Irvine
walker. Charleston. S. c.
Army of Tennessee: Lieut.. Gen. Ben
nett III. Young, Louisville. Ky
Trans Mississippi department; Lieut..
Cen X. NJ Van Zandt, Forth WORTH
Tex
Seven cities sought the reunion next
year. Adjt Gen. William e. Mickle read
invitations from Macon, Houston, jack
sonville. Louisville, Chattanooga, Tenn,
Fresno. Cal, and Atlantic City, n j.
When the vote was announced Macon
had a long lead, with Houston second
The count showed, however that Macon
had only a plurality of the votes cast.
General Van Zandt ruled that majority
vote was necessary and on the second
ballot Macon won. A motion by Col b.
r. Paddock, of Fort Worth, that the
election be made unanimous carried.
with the election of officers and the
selection of the next encampment city
the business sessions of the veterans
ended
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-05-19
COTTON LANDS ARE
BOUGHT BY BRIT0NS

MEMPHIS, Tenn, May 1s.-Announce-
ment is made today of the sale of 32,-
600 acres of farm lands in Bolivar and
washington counties. Miss, for a cash
consideration OF $3,200,000. British cap
italists, members OF the Fine Cotton
Spinners and Doublers association nf
Manchester, England, will finance the
to companies formed 10 take over the
properties, 1t is stated.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-05-19
Earmer,s Meet in Mnscoqet

COLUMBUS, Ca, May B.-Muscogee
farmers will hold farmers institute
on the first of July, conducted by the
agricultural department of the State Col
lege Of Agriculture. according to Repre-
sentative J. j. Slade who has arranged
for the same. Mr.. Slade has taken up
the matter with Prof. ]. E. Hite, di-
rector OF the agricultural extension OF
the college. who agrees to give this date
to Columbus.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-05-19
GOOD ROADS MEETING
CALLED FOR RINGG0LD
North Georgia Road Builders
Will Hold Important
Meeting

DALTON, Ga, May 1S-It has been
definitely decided to hold the good roads
meeting In Ringgold on Tuesday. May
%. at which time automobilists from
this city and Chattanooga, together with
farmers in this and Catoosa counties, will
meet to start the fund for the construc-
ton OF a irst-class road between here
and Ringgold-
The following letter from Mr.. c. z.
Kirkpatrick. president Of the Chattanoo-
"a Automobile club, to F. 7. Reynolds,
explains the meeting fully:
CHATTANOOGA, Tenn, May Is, 1911
AIr. Frank T. Reynolds. Dalton, Ga.
Dear Sir: At a meeting Of the Chatta-
nooga Automobile club. a few evenings
ago. the following plan was discussed
and decided upon, provided we can get
the cooperation of auto enthusiasts in
catoosa and whitfield counties:
AS large a delegation as possible from
Chattsnooga would like to meet at Ring
gold and bring basket lunches, and we
would like for you TO get up as large a
crowd as possible form Whitfield and Ca
toosa counties and meet us at Ring
gold. We would like to have several good
road speakers from your section, and
we. in durn. will bring some speakers
with us We could all spread luncn there
and have good time and some enthusi-
asfic speeches.
Our club was rather opposed to q
barbecue on account of the expense.
They said they would prefer to spend
the amount a barbecue would cost In
repairing the roads around the creeks
We would like to have this meeting the
last Of May il you can get your crowd
together al that time. ! would like &c
have an expression of your views on tho
plan above. and also suggestions as &c
the date that would be most convenient
for you. so that we can get our CROWD
together here.
Awaiting your reply, am.
Yours truly,
c. f. KIRKPATRICK.
A large delegation Will go from here
"a IL Kirina trick has been notified
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-05-19
Old Fashioned Fish Fry

DALTON. Ca. May 1S.-The Crystal
Lake Fishing association has made ex-
tensive preparations for its big annual
FISH fry, which will be heid at the big
lakes Of the association just south of
here today. The pond Is overstocked
with fish, and each year It Is partly
drained of and many fish are taken.
There viii be about $50 people to enjoy
the big feast.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-05-19
To BRAzEN BLASTS
Of MARTIAL MUSIC
VETERANS PARADE
Thousands Cheer as the Fast
Thinning Ranks of Gray
Clad, GrizzIed ConfederateS
March Streets of Little Rock
(By Associated Press. }

LITTLE ROCK. Ark, May 1S.-Con-
federate veterans from many states
Joined in their twenty-first annual pa
rade here today amidst the bIaring OF
bands and fluttering of banners.
The fanfare of trumpets recalled to
many spectators the stormy scenes OF
war, the tale OF which has been the
subject of song and story for almost
half a century.
Following the parade most of the Wis
itors left Little Rock. Those who re-
NAMED did so either because of failure
to secure places in the crowded trains
or for the reason that they wished 10
remain for the Confederate ball, the
last event Of the reunion. The ball
will be given in the auditorium tonight
To the thousands Of survivors of the
memorable conflict of the early Sos the
last honors have been paid; the remain
ing are few hundreds, and the fast
thinning ranks OF the gray clad, griz-
zled veterans of many a battlefield
speak the silent, appealing language OF
history.
Many voices which at last years re-
union Joined in giving the rebel yelr'
are now stiIled. Those who are left
Joined in the famed war cry this year
/
edge that fnis may be for them the last
earthly gathering of the soldiers of the
old south.
Under the surface Of this 1911 re-
union and often outcropping ran this
rich vein of pathos, but today while the
files of former fighters passed through
the city's streets there was evident
the dominant spirit OF a new south.
While the descendants, relatives and
admirers representing political condi-
lions We'd with each other in doing
honor to the memory Of a cause lost
by the fortunes of armed contention
and surrendered at Appomattox, the re-
union spirit typified in the parade
voiced by speakers and shown through
out the convention now ended, was prob
ably best heard in one stanza OF
song rendered by the Confederate
choirs to the tune of "Old Time Rel7,
gion," closing with these words
Yes, our country is united;
It's good enough for me-"
The body Of T. B. Duckett, of Ashe-
Vile. N. c., was found in the Arkansas
river late Wednesday. He was attend
ing the Confederate reunion and on
tuesday was overcome By heat and
rested at one OF the first aid stations.
He apparently recovered. 1t is be-
Iieved that his mind was affected by
Estl,e hest and that ne wandered into
the river. j. NJ Bailey, q veteran OF
Denton. Texas, fell from a raliroaq
bridge and was killed.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-05-19
PATENTS ISSUED
TO GE0RGIANS

WASHINGTON, d. c.. May 49,
Patents issued: K. A. Easton, Bowdon,
planter; James Z. Newberry, Decatur,
plow handle; Charles p. Hammond.
Americas, metallic railway tie s. A. Max
well. atlanta, mailing machine; Thomas
II. Walker. Lumber City. stalk cutter.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-05-19
Dalton Knows Where ITS At

DALTON. Ga. May 1S-W. NJ Hill, OF
the United states Coast and Geodetic
survey. has been her for several days
getting considerable data on this section.
While here Mr. Hill established the cor
rect meridian. marking # with marble
shaft containing a copper disc. II Will be
OF great help to surveyors here in the
future. Mr.. Hill left today for Murray
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1911-05-19

A large delegation viii go from mere.
and Mr. Kirkpatrick has been notihed
that May 20 will suit all.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1911-03-03
FIGHT ENDS
AS to Several Postof1ces
When Congress Ad-
journs Tomorrow.

When Congress adiourns this week
it is generally thought that the fight
for the Moundsville, Warrington and
Cameron postoftlces will be ended
and the appointments made. For
the last several months warm
fight has been on for the postmaster
ship at MoundsS TN between A. e.
1inch, the press postmaster, Albert
Winters, former superintendent Of
schools, and Edgar Lewis, former
circuit clerk.
Congressman w. P. Hubbard some
months ago recommended Lewis, but
this recommendation was never ap,
proved and Linch has retained the
office. Senator Scott recently
recommended Winters, but this ap,
polntmcnt has not been approved BY
the postmaster general.
The recommendations at Manning,
ton and Cameron will probobly Bt
made this week and the appointments
will in all probabilities be made mex
week.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1911-03-03

sLAv JAILED.
FA1RMoNT, Mar. S--Joseph SIM
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1911-03-03
CALL ISSUED.
BY Executive Committee For
Republican Ward and
City Conventions.
of Republi.

Pursuant to CALI Of the Republic
can City Executive Committee, a.
meeting of said committee was held
and it was decided to hold ward con
ventlons Monday night. March 1si
1911, at 1880 o'clock, every ward con-.
vention to nominate one candidate
for council, name ten delegates to
the city convention and elect two
members Of the executive committee.
1t was also decided to hold city
convention in the court house Tues
day night, March IA, 1911, at 8
o'clock for the purpose of nominating
candidates to be voted for at the
m1nicipal election, to be held April
4, 1911, for the following Offices:
Mayor. chief of police, city clerk,
superintendent OF streets, one mem
her of the water and sewerage board.
assessor, collector and treasurer and
school commissioner.
Places were designated as follows
for the holding of the conventions OF
the respective wards:
First ward-H. H. Davis's building,
opposite the White House hotel, Esat
Pike street.
Second ward-Carlile school house,
Maple and Virginia avenues.
Third ward-G. H. Gordon's office,
North Third street.
! Fourth ward-Edward Armstrong;
Office, North Chestnut street.
Fifth ward-City Council room,
club house. North Chestnut street.
Court street.
W. G. OSBORNE, Chairman.
/ W. H. COLE. Secretary.
/ Miss Clara Clayton has returned to
her home at Lynch after visit to
Misses Edna and Mary DAVIDSON, of
| Oak street.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1911-03-03
Entertainment Tonight.
lneMlolIanc

An interesting entertainment will
be given tonight at the First Metho-
dist Episcopal church under the
direction Of the New Church Workers
Society. A silver offering will be
taken at the door and refreshments
will be served. The program will be-
gin at 1880 o'clock, The public is
cordially invited.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1911-03-03
PIONEER DEAD.
week.


a1oRGANTowN, Mar S-NErs.
Martha Mcclure, widow of John Nc
Clure, is dead at the home Of her
grandson, oliver Mcclure, at the
age OF 101 years and four months.
A severe cold, contracted only few
days before, caused her death.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1911-03-03
DIRECT FROM FLORIDA

Customers were greatly interested
in the display OF fine fruits. vegetables
and. b rries this morning at Carska-
don's Sanitary Grocery, it being the
incest shipment ever received in
<,larksburg 10y retail store.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1911-03-03
INVESTIGATE FIRE.

.MANNINGToN, Mar, 3.-Moscs NJ.
Kindleberger, Of Wheeling. deputy
state fire marshal, is here investigat-
ing the fire that destroyed the house
occupied by Chester Ashcraft at
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1911-03-03
s(l'IAl
(continued from page threel

of West pike street, gave her post
card shower Friday as a token Of
remembrance of her birthday, this
being her eighty7frst anniversary.
Mrs. Robinson received number Of
the missiyes of friendship and re-
meniorance.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1911-03-03

sich, a,slavish miner, hasbeen aiied
to await a hearing on a charge 81
breaking into, a carpenser shop
the Consolidation Coal on iii
Monoagah, setting FIRE TO the ace
and destroying furniture costin
$4,000.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1911-03-03
Oyster supper.

An oyster supper will be served
this evening from to 10 o'clock at
the First Presbyterian church By
members Of the katherine Doau
Society and the Ladies Aid Society
Of the church. Go and enjoy good
supper.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1911-03-03

When taking making
that particular ended, he collects all together,
hundred lump CLEAN
the sample lines Price Of secondary considerations but the buyer
Importance In this instance enables you o choose
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1911-03-03

7 : p l..A y ID 1
L. 81 ElsRick et Richsocd, & in
thesclty
III B. Hart has returned from az
eastern trip.
Hugh starksy viii g to Smiths
field tonight.
John W. steinbeck, Of Weston, is
a city visitor.
p. n. Ranse. Of New Martinsyllle.
Eissa visitor here.
w. NJ. Chambers, Of Fairmont. Is
a business visitor here.
The Rev. and Mrs. Guy Crook are
here from Rayenswood.
Miss Beulah Morgan went to West
Union Friday morning.
Wallace GrtBble, of West Union,
is here on legal business.
Robert L. Bland, Of Weston, is a
l business visitor in the city
I p. L. Potter returned Friday morn
ling from a visit in the East
Ignatids Brennan. q Wheeling, Is
lin the city on business visit.
II 6. B. Alexander returned Friday
morning from business trip in the
cast.
Miss ona pttman,l of steward
street, is visiting her brother, j. 3,
Pitman, at Weston.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1911-03-03

FOR RENT-Thrcc room cottage in
Kennedy Court, near Clay street.
$1,000 per month. j. o. T. Tidler,
2I4 Court st.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1911-03-03
GRADING BslBsG 1Ss.

NloRGANTowN, Mar. 8-Grading
has been started, by large group Of
laiborers at Catawba on the four-mile
section of the Bnckhannon & North
ern railroad that is to be con-
structed by Hamilton 6 Thurman, of
Fairmont.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1911-03-03

Hawks Nest. Sherman Glover Is in
jail awaiting hearing on a charge
of setting fire to the place
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1911-03-03

TO CURE A COLD IN ONE DAY
Take LAXATIVE BRoMo 0uir,it Ia
lets. Druggists refund money n n mr. 1
to cure. y, W. GROVES sigma III 4.
an earh h0S. 2In vi b.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-04-05
SCREWS ELECTED
 TO INFERIOR COURT

Montgomery, April 4.-(Special )-State Senator Michael Screws was today elect ed judge of the inferior court of Mont gomery Judge Screws was the only candidate before the people, having been overwhelmingly nominated for the offire in the primary held several weeks ago. While only a normal number of ballots were cast in today's election, Judge Screws is considered to have boiled q handsome vote.
 The inferior court of Montgomery was created by an act of the present legis- lature, the bill providing for the estap- lshment of the new tribunal having been drawn by Judge Screws. The court will take the place of courts of justices of the peace.
 Owing to his conspicuous activity in the matter of establishing the new court, Judge Screws was regarded as the logi- cal candidate for the office to which he was today elected.
 Judge Screws is regarded as one of the foremost leaders in the State Senate, and has earned a splendid reputation in that body of the legislature. He was one of the pronounced leaders on the local option side, and he lead the fight on the passage of the Parks local option bill and the Smith regulation measure.