News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1911-04-19

zeal or good by eating wormy fruit
and thus destroying the worms.
! Where 1t Is not convenient to allow
hogs or sheep in the orchard an occa-
/ siona load of well rotted stable ma
| nure will be beneficial DO not pile
this around the trees. but scatter 1t
evenly over the ground. Wood ashes
| are a good substitute for manure, but
can seldom be obtained in sufficient
amounts to be used to advantage.
If the orchard is properly attended
to from the start little pruning will be
necessary. 1t Is much better to pinch
Off twig occasionally than to cut off
branch as big as your arm a few
years later. 1t takes but little time
to go over the orchard in the spring
to be needed. The object should be to
produce an even, spreading, somes
what open head. If it ever does
become necessary to remove large
branches they should be cut close to
the trunk and the wounds painted
Will NhllG IL Is DcllcI W tlO
this severe pruning in the winter be-
fore the sap begins to run.
Spraying For Insects.
One of the most effective means of
securing large crops of fruit is spray
ing. Fruit trees of all kinds are SUBJ
ject to many injurious insects and dis
eases. which if left to themselves will
materially lessen the yields. There are
two kinds of insects-biting and suck
ing. The former can be combated by
means of poisons sprayed upon the
leaves. The sucking insects, of which
plant lice are the most common exam
pies. cannot be killed in this way,
since they drill into the plant and suck
the juices. The most effective remedy
for them is some insecticide which will
kill by contact, like Kerosene emulsion.
This is made by dissolving half a
pound of soap in gallon of boiling
water. adding two gallons of Kerosene
and churning the mixture violently I'M
til the oil is thoroughly mixed with
the soapsuds This is diluted with
nine times as much water before
using 1t may be applied with spray
pump whenever the lice are trouble
some and is "A very effective remedy.
The biting insects are by far the
most troublesome III the orchard. OF
these the codling moth probably does
the most damage. 1t is the larvae
hatched from the eggs of the codlng |
moth that cause wormy apples. The .
tent caterpillar and canker worm at !
tack the leaves, sometimes stripping
the tree bare. There is no better rem
edy for these insects than paris green
dissolved in water at the rate of one
pound to 100 gallons. Three pounds of
freshly slaked lime should be added to
prevent injury to the foliage. Paris
green can also be used for the plum
curculio and for the other insects which
attack tie plum and cherry. The foil
age of these trees is more tender than
that of the apple. however, and for
that reason some less severe insec-
ticide. such as arSenate of lead dis
solved at the rate of three pounds to
fifty gallons of water. is better. i
Spraying For FUNGUS Diseases.
The most troublesome fungous dis
eases are apple scab. plum. pear and
cherry leaf spot and peach leaf curl.
The most efficient fungicide is Dor
1eauX mixture. This is made by dis
solving four pounds of copper sulphate
and four pounds of lime in fifty gal
onS of water. The object of a fungi ,
eide is not to cure diseases, but to pre-.
vent them. These fungous diseases {
spread by means Of spores. which are
carried from leaf to leaf by the wind. /
When they alight on leaf. especially /
f the surface is little moist, they c
grow and produce another center of =,
disease. If the leaf is covered with a $
hin coating of the copper sulphate
mixture the spores are killed before I
hey start to grow. Since fungicides 9
Ire preventives rather than cures it is t
Important that they be applied early. c
n order to save time paris green may t
,e added to the bordeaux mixture at =
he rate of four ounces to fifty gallons 1
# arsenate of lead at the rate of two
POUNDS to fifty gallons and one spray
ng made effective for both insects and
iSeases
If you have many fruit trees it will G
'ay to send to the experiment station r