davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1911-12-03
Should the Freight Rates on Necessities Those Luxu hcsed

| itinS 4 community, etc, and the railway
company claims II is 10 its advantage in
order TO encourage production to give
certain commodities transportation from
one section TO another much lower than
the class rate would be on the same pro-
duct. But, as a matter Of fact. the com
modify rate IS largely secured through in
nuencc with the traffic department OF rail.
ways
III works this way. Wen say. a director
or large stocllholder, or a group OF these
men IS interested in the DEVELOPMENT Of
certain section Of the country or in the
manufacturing OF certain product. They
insist on having a low freight rate on that
particular product The trafic departments
OF the different railway companies get to-
sethcr and put into effect a commodity
rate covering the stuff i'm question. These
commodity rates are often framed I'm such
manner that they apply over certain
lines or from certain given points. and the
manufacturer OF a like class Of merchan-
disc situated ia practically the same terri
tory is unable TO use this commodity rate
because OF the way the tariff reads. Many
producers and manufacturers have been
squeezed out OF business through exactly
this practice. II simply shuts out the COM
petitor who may be only few miles away
Here is where the Hepburn law should pro-
vide a remedy-by giving the Interstate
Commerce Commission power To limit the
reduction OF rates given TO specified sec
tons and on specified classes OF goods. IL
the minimum as we'll as the maximum rate
were fiXabe by the commission, II could
in its wisdom do away with this prefer
ment and sec that each class OF merchan-
disc paid its proper amount of freight and
no class paid too much. Each community
would have fair chance TO compete for
the trade OF the country. jast as Judge
Knapp has said.
Up to the time OF the passage OF the
Hepburn law no shipper in the United
States could move carload of freight
until he had made inquiries from every
road that could possibly handle the busi'
ness, as to what rate they could give him
on the shipment The shipment OF car
Of merchandise at full tariff rates was
almost unknown Rates were cut by every
one in the business. The Hepburn law was
passed for the direct purpose OF prevent
ing rebating ana secret rate cutting. When
the bin was first introduced I'm the House,
it provided that the Interstate Commerce
Commission would have the right 10 decide
both as TO the minimum and maximum
rate at which business should be taken.
ono would naturally suppose that the rail-
New-York tribune., 1911-12-03
BSONxVIlLs

Westchester County society Ws ven
represented at the snnusl Thsnksslsne
ball, held last evening IN the grand ball.
room OF the Hotel Gramatan. Lawrsnee
Park. Bronxville. This function. whe0
ha. come to be a nxture, attracted an uar
usual number OF guests. Among thcae
Nho attended we're Mr. and Mrs. II. ".
sAel.y DIR. A. J. Perry Mr. and Mrs. Nos.
man Peck, Mr. and Mrs. w. H. Reduna0s
Mr. and Mrs. J. II. Schultz. Mr.. and Mrs.
w II. Maxwell, Mr.. and Mrs +. II. Ben
nett, Mr.. and Mrs. u. w Aibro Mr.. aoa
Mrs f. f.. Paul, V A. Ricsrd' w. 4.
Bates. W. A. Radford. Mr.. and Mrs. J. Es
Irving and Miss Helen Hayes.
Charles II. Know, OF New York, save
dinner for eight guests on NevemhAg q -
the Hotel Gramatan. -
New-York tribune., 1911-12-03

could he fixed for various commodities
transported by only a small spur OF inter
state railroad Why. YOU have no idea, and
neither has the public OF all the compli-
Gated elements that enter into such ilgur-
inc. ! am no expert 1T would be utterly
impossible for me 70 give an opinion on
such a vast question without careful and
exhaustive study
II was urged that he merely express his
idea Of the prsctcability Of Judge Knapp's
suggestion
Judge Knapp knows more about such
things than probably any man in the coun-
try" said Mr. Plat. I'm substance. What
ever he saws must have practica value. OF
course the intrinsic worth Of the property
transported must always, and does, largely
fix the rate for moving it Sand for in
stance, is Of little value until it is placed
whore needed. Its chief cost is its ship
ment. j should be shipped at a very low
rate. Furniture. on the other hand. is val
liable iu itself Its rate for transportation
is and should be, relatively higher
Freight rates are not based, 9s the pub
Die thinks on capitalization and such
things Railroads sell their transportation
just as groccrs sell cheese or any other
commodity. They charge the highest price
they can get without sending business
away. Competition regulates the rate TO
large extent You can't get away from
that principle any more than you can Get
away from the tides. The Legislature can
not regulate such things
u. VI. Jones. of Saitta & Jones, fruit com
mission merchants, spoke from the stand
point of the practical shipper 10 Whom
freight rates arc Of vital importance. Mr..
Jones was for many years president OF the
Western Fruit Jobbers' Association, mem
bers Of which are located in ninety-siG pin
Opal Western ma -.ets. IIe talks facts, not
theories and he points out what he con
sders the remedy for the present evils OF
freight tariffs-an amendment OF the Hep
burn law. This, he believes would make II
possible 10 carry out the suggestion OF
Judge Knapp giving the people necessities
at low cost and allowing Of general lev
elling up Of rates. Cnder the Hepburn la"
as IL stands the Interstate Commerce COM
mission has power 10 say rate Is too hlsh'
but not that 1t is too low. Powerful mem
bers Of food trusts consequently are allowed
to ship at a price that means loss 10 the
railroad. while the independent shipper pays
rate that 'e unIusily high, 20 average
things W.
Asked if he agreed with judge Knapp
that rates on necessities should be decreased
New-York tribune., 1911-12-03
Names of Morton, Pullmaa
Lincoln, Hammond, Ingalls,
etc., Will Be Listcdin
Directory There.

ia tho roof garden. which commands y
view of tho Potomac. tho Virginia an
MARYLAND hills. Rock Crcek Valley and
Potomac Park.
But when II comes 10 views tho new houa4
Of cx-Ambsssador Henry White has al u
Wsshlngions other palstisI homes beaten
to the provcrbial fragile" This Coiou3Ao
house with columned facade and majss6s
cally spreading wings. crowns tho vexV
crest OF Meridian I'M, the highest poinG
IN the District OF Columbia A. you entao
the great gateway Of this estate YOU ~
confronted with watering trough au0
drinking fountain built Of stone against tn
terrace wall above which towers the stst4A
~ manor The picture at once oonJures ~
visions OF pink-costed hunters OF a csntuS&
ago hating 10 give their horses drink
From each side OF the fountain sweeps q
circular driveway. leading with steep aseen9
TO the front entrance Of the house. ~ wun
on this hill that Joaquin Miller. the 'poSo
OF the Serrss" during his earlier caree4
as a Washington correspondent. livsd u
log cabin which has been removed q
Rock Creek Park. where IL will be proS
served Mr.. Whites new home has froue
OF III. feet and 70 so extensive that many
Wasninetonians have mistaken II 100 0
public institution. |.
Many men who have long basksd IN u
gimmer OF foreign courts can ind no 80
ciety so conrenia az Washingtons whA0
they come To settle down TO a life Of easd
and retirement from public life. In ciub0
and drawing rooms they rub elbows WITH
the eyer-chanslng corps Of foreign diplos
mats many of whom have lived with thsue
AT foreign capitals. Thus IL Is that D3s
David J. Hill, who has just retired a. an
hassador TO Berlin. wishes to settle 81 /
Washington. whose social charms he kneW
during the years that he was an undsr
Secretary OF state II is said that he va
take the house OF tho former Secretary a
tho Navy. Mr. Newberry. Dame surunA
will also have it that Charlemasne Towes6
DR.. Hils predecessor az Ambassador q
Berlin, Is planning to spend the wluter q
Washington Al
New-York tribune., 1911-12-03
Several Authorities Give The
Tribune Their Opinions
on Judge knapp's
Suggestion.

Every ouc-Tich and poor alike-is vitally
interested IN the cost OF food and all life's
other necessities. Those who have cash
enough left over for d luxury or two will
le no less ready TO ponder upon the sug
gestion Of Judge Martin A. Knapp. Of the
Court OF Commerce. I'm Washington, that
luxuries should bear relatively heavy
freight rate. while necessities should be
freiehtcd about the country ~ low cost.
Judge Knapp made this suggestion in the
course Of "a lecture recently given in Uous-
ton Hall Philadelphia. The Tribune be
leying the question Of freight tariffs OF
primary interest 90 AN. has elected some
opinions from men well posted on the prsc-
ticsl end Of the matter
Frank b. Platt lawyer for several OF
the leading railroads and expert on fgur-
ing freight rates. modestly disclaimed
knowledge OF the subject Mr Platt was
perfectly willing 10 talk about art. litera-
.urc o. the weather. Hc was genial and
Kindly. but whoncvcr the question Of
Judge knapp's suggestion was mentioned
hr smiled cordially-and talked Of Shake
~posrf
You remind me-" nc said. "of young
NyIicI v 10 imiIf ~ liit oilN eoiN StiC Nds
Writing a treatise on the effect OF com
mcrce and railroad transportation upon the
utilization Of the world. or something or
that trifing nature. Would ! not, asked
she, please tell in a paragraph or two
what my views we're on the subject? Now.
The sett!ne OF freight rates Is one Of the
most intricate problems Of the present
DAY. II would take me al least . month
10 formulate an opinion about what you
ash"
The so1 OF * Senator Thomas c. Plat
arose from his desk. passed in front Of a
large photograph OF his father hanging on
iho wall. ana took from q shc,f three or
-four It, leather bound books.
These said ne. patting their covers ana
1uttering their leaves beneath his thumb.
viii illustrate I'm a measure what ] mean.
These volumes are composed Of figures
'obles, statistics valuations. reports and
Icw other o. the ,todsand things upon
which freight rates are based All the mat
ter represented in these pages had TO be
studied and figured upon before rate
New-York tribune., 1911-12-03

ator the general outcome Of the freight
handling is expected TO he an earning sur
nciont 10 cover cost Of transportation, divi-
dcnds. interest on bonds and all other eX-
peusos.
Now. as 20 the question of whether
freight rates are too high or too low. many
intricate matters must he consdercd-the
value Of the road its rolling stock, its
property and many other elements. Ihe
people OF the country are expected 10 pay
rates not based on fair profit i'm earnings
but also interest on three or four times the
cost Of building the road. The cost oi
building. too, is much greater than II
should bc. Most railroads-certainly those
iu the West. of which, perhaps, / have
more knowlcdse-are built pieccmcaL The
officials. wishing TO build an extension or
branch. organize dummy company. men
fhc right of way is secured through sec
tlons and towns that expect 20 De benefited
bv the new road The contract is let to a
corporation which they own themselves
the dummy company In this way the con
tract IS let 10 themselves for twice the
actual cost Of building the road.
Each fcw miles is usually bonded for
ALL or more than. il is worth. Bonds are
sold usually AT - or - cents on the dollar.
and. I'm addition. the promoters usually
give a bonus OF 81. s. or 81 worth of stock
with every dollars worth of bonds. The
Capitalization OF these roads in stock alone
f. occasionally three times the cost of the
road itself Then it is mortgased or bond
cd for the fun value.
"You can easily figure the bearing this
method Of valuation has on rates, when
ever the question is brought into the
court4. The plea is made that there is 50
much stock outstanding. so much bonded
Indebtedness, etc. II Is necessary the
road argues TO pay interest on the bonds
to make return TO tie stockholders. and
an that sort OF thins. They ask for rates
high enough 20 permit tho earning of dvi-
dands on the inflated value. That's tho
basis ON which they figure their earnings.
The interviewer asked Mr Jones how
Iidae Enapp's idea for more just dis
,rihutlon Of freight tariffs could he made
practicable from the point ot Wow Of the
shipper and the consumer
.fr ls interesting to examine rates from
,b. SINNERS point OF view" he replied.
..pates are OF two knds-what are known
... class rates and what are known az
...,,,u,odltr rates The railroads OF the
country are divided into groups. For IN
et,pce in the East there is the Trunk Line
Association. Ia the West there Is the
Western Association. Then there are the
New-York tribune., 1911-12-03
ROBERT T. LiNCOLN AND THE
CHAUNCEY OEPEW HOUSE HE
HAS JUST TAKEN

for ton years a fine house i'm y street in
the same block with Robert I. Lincoln.
Like the latter, Mayor Reyburn is no
stranger to Washington official life. having
served ten years in the House Of Represent
atiyes. Of which his son, Edward, Is now
the youngest member.
Pittsburgh. which contributed the West
, inghouses years ago, now yields one OF heT
wealthiest heiresses. Mrs. Copley Thaw
formerly Countess Of Yarmouth, who Is
daughter Of the late William Thaw. She
, has purchased a stately old house OF many !
memories which is now being redecorated
, and refurnished for a season of brilliant
hospitalites. This the old Carroll man.
sion. was once the home OF the Countess
/ Esterhazy, and later that Of Chief Justice
Fuller.
/ This house, which is over eighty years
} old. stands upon a high terrace al 18th and
/ + streets and is graced at the side by
/ large garden surrounded by high brick
walls If il is true, as reported, that the
new chateaine Of this establishment has
had her income increased TO a half million
q. year by the reconveyance of her mar
! riage dover from the hands Of her quon-
dam husband the earl, she will have ample
/ funds with which to dispense the lavish
/ hospitalities to which social Washington
/ has become accustomed
Also from Ohio are the money bags COM
ing in to feast and fete the Capital City
/ and heap more riches upon it's butchers, its
/ bakers and it's candlestick makers. one OF
/ the show houses on 18th street just below
/ the new Pullman house has just been
! leased by Melville T.. ingalls,, retired presi-
| dent OF the Big Four Railway System, and
! directly upon Sheridan Circle T.. II. Ever
] EFT. trolley magnate Of Newark Ohio, is
] building a white palace which. for LUXURY.
will have no peer in this entire city OF
magnificent homes.
! For the nearby house which he has just
! leased from Mrs. Francis Berger Moran
| John Hays Hammond is said TO be paying
/ $1,000 year which does not make an ex-
| travagant showing alongside the s6O,0C)
which he is reported 10 have paid in Lon
/ don for the Burdett-Coutts house, occupied
! for the three weeks that he was our special
! ambassadors to the coronation Of King
! George One OF the terms under which he
| took the Moran house this winter was that
its owner would install for him an electric
| elevator that would shoot him straight up
New-York tribune., 1911-12-03
Americans to Open New Magnificent Homes Washington

Nr Lincoln is Presidents son. but be-
cause he also has sat in the Cabinet and
filled a socially prominent Office I'm the
governmental service-thst of Minister TO
Great Britain.
Although serving as captain on Grant
staff in the Civil War he experienced many
ing the dsys when the White House was
his home and as Secretary of War under
Garfield and Arthur he lived here for four
wears; then. as Minister to Great Britain
under Harrison. for an equal term.
Mrs. Lincoln. who was Miss Mary lIar-
Ian. OF Iowa. shared with him the trials
and glories OF official life during those eight
years spent in the fierce light that beats
upon the courts OF rul>~- OF both republics
and monarchies.
Despite its boast that none OF it's towns
men can ever he happy elsewhere on Amer
ican SOIL New York. too, is contributing TO
Washineton's social splendor Thus Levi
T. Morton, despite his vast riches, his Off
cial prestige and the great local popularity
which made him Governor of his state now
elects to close his Fifth avenue home and
return TO the home which he graced during
the four years that he presided over the
Senate and over social Washington.
This house which Mr. Morton bought in
| 1889 for 10000 and upon the enlargement
Of which he spent half as much more, has
since his departure been continually in the
/ limelight: first as the Russian Embassy
( where the Countess Cassini held her brill
! liant court; then as the home of Eiihu
/ Root while he was Secretary of State, and
/ later as the show house Of that lavish host
John Hays HAMMOND.
Mr. Morton was siXtyfour when, as
| Vice President he first threw open the hos
! pitable doors OF this mansion in 1889, and
now. upon his return to it's CHEEKY atnos'
phere, he is a patriarch Of eishty-seven
! The brilliant wife who in that abode dis
pensed the most lavish hospitality which
Washington society then knew is still al
| his side II was not during the years OF
! her husbands Nice-Presdency however
that Mrs Morton had her first experience
with official society. Before becoming Har-
rison's running mate he had served in Con-
sress and spent four years in Paris as
New-York tribune., 1911-12-03
THE SUPREME TEST.

There never was Amoss equal for IL
an down good nature" said Mrs. Clinords
in speaking OF her deceased HUSBAND 10 tne
new summer boarder. MY son Joe always
said pa was more patient than Job.
II tell YOU" she continued, "you can ~
ure for yourself how patient Amos s'bX
this: our old horse Dandy would ct the
rein under his tail. an keep It the on n
on for ten mile without Amos Ing
mad Youths Companion.
New-York tribune., 1911-12-03
AS SHE FIGURES IT.

This is the first time T have seen youl
wife in ten years
Yes"
Yes She is considerably changed
We'll. YOU must consider that she 10 =
year older than she was ten years ago. -
Houston Post
New-York tribune., 1911-12-03
1T WAS BORN so.

Stranger in Town-So that is the hsunte4
house, What gave il such sisnihcsnoei
Resident-Well there's been somethino
uncanny about il from the beginning. Eva
when it was built il didn't exceed the conA
tractors estimate. Puck.
New-York tribune., 1911-12-03

carved wardrobcs IIc built into the bed
chambers, and in Mr.. Lawrcucc's own suite
of apartments is oven pressing room FOR
his valet. one OF the apartments down
stairs is said to have cost $4,000. or tie
value Of three houses such as a vell-to-do
family would be clld TO live ;n. = From his
handsomely tiled winter porch. whore
wood fire burns Lcncath a handsomely
carved mantelpiccc. Nj Lawrence may eazc
upon the beauties Of Rock Creek Valley
through glass incosurc. which may ho
taken out in summer TO admit tho air from
that lcafy gorge Behind his home and i1
view of this winter porch ne viii have
park Of natural splcndor sIopinS down tine
bank Of the creek, while i'm front Of his
house he already has beautiful lawn
planted with hardy winter flowers. Nj Of
JOHN HAYS HAMMOND AND HIS
New-York tribune., 1911-12-03

SUNDAYS NETWORK TRIBUNE
Mailed anywhere in the Ucited Stass4
for $3.50 year. !
The Lancaster news. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, 1911-03-22
WINTHROP COLLEGE LETTER.
Training School Building to be
Erected Soon--Summer School
for Teachers to Open June Il.

Special to The Lancaster News.
Winthrop College, Mch. II. =
Plans for the 500, 900 training
school building, which is to be
erected at Winthrop. are being
perfected. The. school is to
have every improvement, and
the most advanced methods of
teaching will be employed.
Winthrop is hoping to have a
better summer school here this
year than ever before. Prepare
tons are already being made for
it The session will begin on
June 21st. 1t will last four
weeks. G. P. M.
The Lancaster news. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, 1911-03-22

Booker T. Washington, the no
ted negro educator, was assaulted
and beaten by a German janitor
in New York Sunday night. who
claims that he mistook Wash
ington for burglar.
The Chester Machine & Lum-
Der company's plant in Chester
was burned Friday night. Loss
is about $50. 900. only partially
covered by insurance. The plant
will be rebuilt at once.
The Lancaster news. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, 1911-03-22

Kissie Clinton and Ben Ogburn.
We present Cube Riddle for
violating dispensary law;witness-
es to prove same; Press Steele
and Bill Belk.
We present Henrietta Riddle
for violating dispensary law;
witnesses to prove same: Luther
Baker and Lumus Threatt.
We present Luke Gavin for
violating dispensary law: wit
nesses to prove same: Press
Steele, Frank Montgomery and
Bob Terry.
We present Ben Billings for
violating dispensary law; wit
ness to prove same: Perry Steele.
We present Sings Boyd for vi
olating dispensary law: witness
es to prove same: Dave Bethea
and Grover Sims.
We present Capers Cauthen, Sr.
for violating dispensary law;
witnesses to prove same: Thad
Clinton, Son Boyd, and Frank
Belk.
All of which is respectfully
submitted. c. H. Rowell,
March Is, 1911. Foreman.
The Lancaster news. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, 1911-03-22

Southern Textile Bulletin:
J. T. Wilson, of Chester, has
become card grinder at Lancas-
ter, S. c.
6. F. Howard has resigned as
overseer of spinning at Lancas-
ter, S. C..
Chester, S. C.-The Eureka
Cotton Mills are installing a Co
hoes slasher.
Zeb V. Gray has resigned as
overseer of spinning at Monetta
Mills, at Lando. S. c.
H. F. Elliott, of Concord, N.
c., has accepted a position with
the Arcade Mills of Rock Hill, S.
C..
j. P. McCraw, of Fort Mill, S.
c., has become overseer of weav-
ing at Commerce, Ga.
Joe Lee, of Gaffney. S. c., has
accepted a position with the mill
store at Great Falls, S. C.
L. j. Hill will be second hand
in carding at Great Falls, S. C.
The Lancaster news. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, 1911-03-22

Week before last there was
held a great Bible conference at
Wesley Memorial church. which
is the largest Methodist chul ch
in the city. There were num-
Der of delegates from all over the
United States in attendance.
Bishop Kilgo was one of the
principal speakers.
The past week a Bible confer
ence was held at the Baptist
Tabernacle, where DR.. Linn G.
Broughton is pastor.
DR.. Campbell Morgan, of Lon
don, England, was the drawing
speaker. He is a world famed
minister and a logical likeness of
the great Savonarola, the great
Florentine Reformer. DR. Morgan
has preached to packed houses
every time that he has preached.
1t is said that at least 5000 peo-
pie heard him at the auditorium
Sunday. last, a week ago, and
that IL, 900 people were turned
away. not being able to gain ad-
mission. This is the greatest re-
ligious event, it is supposed, in
Atlanta's history.
Scriptor.
The Lancaster news. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1905-current, 1911-03-22
COURT PROCEEDINGS.


The circuit court, which was
in session less than two days last
week. reopened here Monday
morning, Judge Aldrich presid-
ing. All the sessions business
having been previously disposed
of except the submission of the
grand jury's report, that docu-
ment was read, and is published
elsewhere in today's paper. A
leading feature of the report is
the large number of presentments
made. principally for violation of
the dispensary law. The Judge
then proceeded to sound the civ
il calendar, but no cases being
ready for trial the juries were
discharged until yesterday morn
ing.
The court was engaged yester-
day in the trial of a suit by John
j. Bridges against the old Heath
Banking & Mercantile company,
in which case there was q mis-
trial at a previous term. The
case was not ended when The
News went to press in the af-
ternoon. Messrs Williams &
Williams represent the plaintiff.
and Messrs Moore & Jones the
defendant.