davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1911-09-22

Amaeoy- 0 l 0 0 l 0 Q o.
Struck out: by Malone 10, by Cox 16.
Bases on balls: off Malone /, off Cox 2.
Hit by pitched ball: by Cox l. Base
hits: by Weyerhauser 6, by Amacoy 3.
Umpire, Prin. B. Nolan.
Fridays game between Ladysmith
and Bruce was the great game, close
from start to finish and full of critical
situations and surprises. The Bruce
team handled the stick more deftly,
but made 5 errors to l by Ladysmith.
The lone error by Ladysmith, however,
cost the winning score.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
FATALLY BURNED
BY GASOLINE
Stove Exploded and Woman Was Soon
Mass of Lurld
Flames.

MACOMB, ILL.,. Sept. &c. Mrs. Carl
living near Sciota,
met with injuries that will prove fatal
while working with gasoline stove
1t was while she was engaged in
her household work and she was at
the gasoline stove when the explosion
occurred. The flames from the ignit.
ed fluid set FIRE to her clothing and
she was soon mass of flames. Rela-
tives near by hurried to her aid on
hearing her screams, and the flames
were soon extinguished, but not until
she had been horribly burned, all her
clothing being burned away except the
band at the waist line. She also in
haled some Of the flames She was
conscious during the excitement and
after aid was rendered, but grew
worse soon afterward and became
unconscious.
She was the daughter of Joseph
Strickland and an estimable lady.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
ACCOMPANY AVIATOR
IN AUTOMOBILE
Twenty Motor Cars VIII Make the
Run From Memphis to New
Orleans.

MEMPHIS, Tenn. Sept. 26.-Plans
have been perfected here by the auto
good roads enthusiasts to accompany
Hugh Robinson on the last 500 miles
of his hydro-aeroplane fight from
Minneapolis to New Orleans in Octob-
er Twenty motor cars will follow the
river roads and make the same all
night stops made by Robinson. This
committee will make the automobile
tour date coincide with the flight of
the aeroplanist who has contracted
to fly from Minneapolis to New Or
leans over the Mississippi river. It
will doubtless be during the last week
of October.
More than twenty automobiles will
be taken along the trip as the dispo-
sition Of the tourists Is to not overtaX
the hospitality of the hosts along the
route Plans are bein laid for re-
ceptions at all points, and the in
auguration Of no movement has heen
received with such eagerness and an
ticipation.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
THE WEATHER.

For Keokuk and vicinity Unsettled
weather, with probable showers to-
night or Wednesday. Rising tempera-
ture.
For Illinois: Generally fair wealth
er. with some cloudiness tonight and
Wednesday.
For Iowa: Unsettled weather. with
probable showers tonight or Wednes-
day. Rising temperature
For Missouri: Mostly cloudy tonight
and Wednesday.
Weather Conditions.
The farther eastward movement of
the field of high pressure from the
Plateau Region to the Lakes has been
attended by cooler weather from the
Missouri Valley to the Eastern States,
and there have been light to heavy
showers in this territory. heavy rain
falling at ST. Louis.
An area of low pressure covers the
Mountain Range, with the greatest de-
preston in Utah, and unsettled wealth
er, with rising temperature. prevails
between the Mississippi Valley and
the Rockies.
Conditions indicate unsettled wealth.
er, and probable showers tonight OF
Wednesday, for this section, becoming
warmer Wednesday.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
snch Eattleship Horror Ranks as
the Worst One In the Annals
Of Modern
Times.
.AReEsT DEATH LIST
Experts of American Navy Depart
mont Believe Fire Was Started
From smokeIess
Powder.

WASHINGTON, Sept. 2e.-If sub
sequent information bears out the ad-
vices as to the extent of loss of life
on the Liberte, the disaster will go
down in history as one of the greatest
In naval annals, the loss of more than
250 lives on the American battle
ship Maine, February Is, 1898. stand
ing second in the mortality list.
Experts of the navy department
here were disposed to believe that
the explosion resulted from spon-
taneous ignition of some of the smoke
less powder which had deteriorated
from having been kept too long with
out inspection. 1t is to guard against
just such accidents that United
States naval regul,. tions require a
careful examination of the powder in
the magazines of warships at compar-
at.yely shor. intervals. This exam
ination involves chemical test cal
culated TO demonstrate absolutely the
safety of the powder.
Acting Secretary of the Navy Mich
olson cabled Commander Henry
Hough, the naval attache of the
American embassy at Paris, now at
Brest, France:
Return to Paris and express to
tn minister of marine the great sor-
row and earnest sympathy of the
secretary Of the navy of-the United
States and the American navy for
him and the French navy in conse
quence OF the appalling accident or
board the Liberte that has involved
the lives of SO many gallant French
seamen.'
The Liberte, with the battleship
verite and the flagship Justice, rep
resented the French government at
the Hudson Fulton celebration at
i New York two years ago.
| When in American waters the
! Liberte was commanded by Capt. A
L. NJ. Huguet, and her other chief of
/ ficers were: Second Captain, R. Vols
in; lieutenants, G. F. Caussin, M. P
V. Favereau, J. s. B. Veissier, G. A
4 Cornet and L. c. j. Perlemoine; chiel
engineer, D. l.. Agarrat; paymaster
/ C. A. Begin; chief surgeon, P. A. A
Audibert.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
GIRL, REFUSED
TO HANDS UP
Youngsters Hold Her Up and Take
Quarter Out OF Her Pocket
Book.

CHICAGO, Sept. 26-Two small boys
with caps pulled over their eyes and
coat collars turned up to their chins
and armed with cap pistols, boldly
held up Annie Groneman in a sparsely
settled district of Elgin yesterday and
robbed her Of quarter spurning the
pocketbook in which the coin was con-
tanned.
Annie. the 13.year-old daughter of
Mr. and Mrs. William Groneman, was
on her way to the grocery. Suddenly
she was startled by call Of Hands
up followed by the appearance OF the
two "bad men"
81 will not hands up" retorted
Annie, but one boy grabbed her arms
and held them while the other grabbed
her purse.
He removed the coin. but when he
saw It's denomination he gave an ex-
clamation Of disgust and threw the
purse away, He kept the quarter, and
the two boys scampered away through
the high bushes.
Annie burst into tears and ran nome
to her mother, whom she told of the
hold up. Mrs, Groneman notified the
Elgin police. and men were detailed
to search for the young robbers.
The belief expressed by the police is
that the boys may have seen moving
picture show with holdup depicted
or read novels with that type of ad-
venture as their chief feature.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
rr.nch Naval Officials Believe That
Yesterdays Catastrophe Was
a Part Of tho
Scheme.
DETECTIVES AT WORK
Fire In Another Ship Required Most
Desperate Battle to Keep II
From Blowing
Up.

ToULON, Sept. 26.-That
the destruction of the Liberte
may have been the result Of a
deliberate plot to destroy the
entire navy is a theory which
is rapidly gaining ground here
among naval officers today.
The many mysterious fires in
the naval arsenal here, the ac-
cidents to ships in dry docks
and finally the fact that fire was
discovered in the hold of the
hattleship Lap atrie late last
night, which required a desper-
ate battle to extinguish, have
caused the port officials to in
innate that the most rigid in
vestigation is necessary.
1t is understood the French
secret service has been asked
TO take charge Of the investiga-
tion at once.
The naval officials now place
the number of dead at 435.
These figures will be revised
when roll calls are completed
on the ships. Five sailors who
were imprisoned in the for
ward tnrret which is still above
water, were rescued this after
noon.
Recent Disasters.
Other notable French naval disas
ters OF recent years were:
October l6, 1906 Submarine Lutir
lost off Bizertai, 13 dead.
February s, 19G7-Explosion of tor
pedo boat No. s3a, dead.
February 10, 1907-Cruiser Jear
Bart lost off the northwestern coas
Of Africa. No deaths.
August IS, 190S--Gun exploded
aboard school ship Couronne at Tou
lon, dead.
September 90, 1aos-Gun exploded
aboard S. S. Latouche Treville at Tou
Ion, 13 dead.
May 81. 1910-Suhmarine Pluvios'
remained submerged after diving ii
the harhor of Calais, 27 dead
September 10, 1911--Gun exploded
aboard cruiser Gloire at Toulon. On
killed and thirteen injured, five fatally
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
MAYOR RECALLED
AT ELECTION
victors Are Celebrating Result o
Wichita Ballot Which Elected
Dr.. Minick.

WICHITA, Sept. 25.-The entire re
call movement seems to have been sue
cessful in the election here. For may
or DR.. w. w Minick received $3.50
votes against 1896 for j H. Graham,
the incumbent. Commissioner F., n.
Leach also has been beaten. Commits
sioner R. B. Campbell ran nearly q
600 ahead of the mayor and was
thought for time to have squeezed
through, but late returns indicate his
defeat. The city is witnessing a wild
celebration by the victors. There was
much betting on the result.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
Aviator Robinson VIII Start From
Minneapolis on October II In
Flight Down the
River.
WILL STOP AT KEoKUK
Curtain Raiser viii be Race With a
Motor Boat, the Launch Being
Given Handi-
cap.

ST. LOUIS, Sept 26.-Hugh Robin
son, the st. Louis aviator who is sched-
uled to make the flight from Minneapo-
lis to New Orleans In hydro-aero-
plane, following the course Of the Mis-
sissippi river, arrived in st. Louis yes
terday from Minneapolis, where he
picked out the place from which the
flight will start The trip will start
October IL, and Robinson expects to
reach St Louis on October 1s or 20
and stay here two days, giving exhi-
bitions on the river front. The date
OF arrival can not be fixed until the
men in charge Of the event know def
nitely how many stops will be made
between here and Minneapolis. So far
fourteen places have arranged for
stops, and other towns are coming in.
ST. Louisians will see Robinson per-
form in his Curtiss water and air fier
before the big flight. He will give an
exhibition here Saturday, October Z,
beginning at p. m. This will be
! feature of the festival week attrac-
tions, and the first hydro-aeroplane
fight ever made in st. Louis. The
start will be from the Power Boat AS
sociation at the foot Of North Market
street, and the aviator will traverse
4 practically the entire river front, fly
ing over or under all the bridges He
will run race with fast motor boat,
giving the boat one-half mile start and
undertaking to beat 1t in one mile,
Eugene Handlan is in charge of the
power boat end of the race.
! Robinson expects to make the Min
neapolis-New Orleans fight in about
thirty days. The distance is 1917 miles
and if he goes through 1t will be the
4 longest aeropl0ne trip on record. Ex-
hibitions lasting an hour or two will
be given at each stopping place, The
following stops have been arranged
for by local committees which are con
tributlng to the 100000 prize: Hast
ings and Wabasha, Mimi; Prairie Dt
Chen, Wis; Dubuque and Bellevue
Ia; the Tricities Davenport, Ia, Rocl
Island and Moline, Ill.); Burlington
Keokuk and Keol5uk Dam. Ia, Quincy
H.; Hannibal and La Grange, Mo-; AL
ton, H.; ST. Louis, Mo-. Cairo, I'LL.
New Madrid, Mo-; Memphis, Tenn.
: Natchez, Miss; Baton Rouge and New
Orleans, La.
Robinson has contracted to give
daily aeroplane exhi' itions at the Sc
dalia state fair, September 30 to Octo
Der 6. His contract calls for fight tt
meet President Taft's train and escor
it into the city Yesterday he received
: letter from ar officer of the compan,
which is building the Keokuk Dam, a
Keokuk, Iowa, telling him that If h
made stop there he would get {
check for $500
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
DOCTOR WILL
FLY NO NOR
Amateur Aviator is Killed When i
Aeroplane Falls to the Earth
From EGO Feet
High.
WAS UNLUcKY NO. /
Or. J. c. Clarke Died in Hospital
From Fracture Of Skull, Both
Arms and Other
Injuries.

NASSAU BOULEVARD, L. l. Sept
26.-The international aviation meet
was marred by the fatal fall of DR.. j..
c. Clarke of New York, an amateur,
who was to try for his license today
He fell 260 feet in his Queen Bleriot
monoplane, sustaining such injuries
that he died in the Nassau hospital.
DR.. Clark had not intended to fly in
his machine which is numbered thir-
the Russian aviator, had flown to Min
cola and hack in Dr. Clarke's machine
the wheels were smashed by a bad
landing, and the doctor was so con-
cerned over the accident that after re-
pairs had been made he took the flyer
up in order to test it.
He had flown only 800 yards, rising
rapidly, when he seemed to lose con-
troll and crashed to the ground 1t
turned over, catching him under it
and crushing him.
An examination at the hospital dis
closed fracture of the skull, com
pound fractures of both arms, dislo-
cation of the hip and numerous inter
nal injuries.
Five of the leading aviators entered
for the meet signified their intention
of withdrawing from the contest.
! though their determination was not
due to the accident.
Eugene Ely, George w. Beatty, Har-
ry Atwood, J. G. Mars, and ]. A. D.
1 McCurdy were those who decided to
discontinue. McCurdy expressed dis
satisfaction with the rules, as also did
Ely, while the three others said there
was not enough money in the meet for
them. Mile. Dutrieu refused to fly un-
I til she received more money.
In the speed contest for mono
planes Grahame-White won the prize
of 5000, flying ten miles at an average
! speed of sixty-one and one-half miles
an hour. Matilda Moissant went uI
/ 1414 feet. In the bomb dropping event
Beatty's passenger Geneyieve OHag
! en-, dropped the missile S feet and
4 inches from the bulls-eye, winning the
4 event.
4 Today Postmaster General Hitch
4 cock is to fly with Grahame-White te
Mineola, carrying several sacks O.
Il United States mail, in order to test
for himself the possibility OF aeria
transportation.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
Attended the State Fair Today ana
Spoke to the People Without
Reference to
Politics.
EULoGY ON MADISON
Was at Conservation Congress Last
Evening and Said There
Were Too Many
Divorces.

HUTCHINSON, Kan. Sept. 2s.-
There was no political atmosphere
around President Taft's speech at the
Kansas state fair today. A disserta-
ton on the history of Kansas and a
brief commentator Of Rep. Madison,
whose death last week seriously OPP
pressed the president. was his mes
sage to the Kansans who greeted
him here, None of the big issues OF
the day were mentioned and an acad-
emic discussion OF the troubles of
bleeding Kansas In the troublesome
times of slavery days, occupied prac-
tically all of the time OF Mr. Taft's
address.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
d nnn Over Meddlnn.

BLYRIA, Ohio, Sept. 96-This city
is agog over the wedding of Emanuele
aged 25, an Italian. en-
ployed at factory and Louise Ely
Carford, youngest daughter of a mil.
lionaire and politician. The wedding
will take place tomorrow.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
Jack johnson in Trouble.

LONDON, Sept 26.-The promot-
ers of the Jack Johnson-Bob Wells
fight have failed to announce the
location of the contest. Home secre-
tary Churchill has ordered both John
son and Wells to appear and show
cause why they should not be bound
over to keep the peace.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
eaI!!naer VIII Speak.

DENVER, Sept 26-Richard BAL
linger, former secretary of the inter-
Tor, will address the public lands con-
vention on the opening day of me
meeting instead of Friday as first ar
ranged President Taft will also be
one of the speakers at the conven-
ton.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
STILL THINK WELL
OF M'NAMARA
He is Elected to His Old Office by Ac.
cIimation While In
Jail

MILWAUKEE,, Wis. Sept 26.-J. J.
Mcnamara was reelected by acclama-
ton to the office of secretary Of the
International Association of Structural
Bridge and Iron Workers. A SIS gold
badge was voted to Mcnamara, whose
trial is pending In Los Angeles.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
Naval Disasters Cost
Many Lives in Past
Naval Disasters Cost Many
Lives In Past.

Lives In Past. .
, Men lost =
> August 2s, 17s2-Royal .
> George, foundered off Spit .
u0dO 0VU "
> March II. 1SO0-F1agship .
= Queen Charlotte, burned in .
= harbor OF Leghorn ........ 673 .
= February IA. 1S07-Ajax, =
= burned off the Island of .
. Tenedos ...... ......... 250 .
= December %, 1s10---Minatour. =
= wrecked off the Haak Bank $50 .
. December 4, 1S11-Frigate .
= Saldanha. wrecked on Irish .
= coast ...... ............ 300 .
= December "a, 1S11-Men-of- .
= war St George, Defense =
= and Hero. stranded OF =
Juuand 1880. ........ 1000 =
= January 30, 1s1e-Transport .
= Seahorse, lost near Ira .
. more Bay ........... 365 =
= January 81, 1S16-Transports )
. Boadicea and Lord Mel q
. Vile, lost near kindale :. 200 =
= December 20, 1s47-Man-of. .
= war Avenger, lost off north =
. coast of Africa .......... 200 Z
= February 26, 1s52-Troop
. ship Birkenhead, struck on Z
= rocks off coast o. South Z
= Africa OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. 454 Y
= September Z, 1S70--Ironclad Z
= turret ship Captain, foun-
= dered near Cape Finisterre 472 4
= March "a, 1s7S-H. NJ. S.
= Eurydice, foundered off Isle 4
= of Wight .............. 300 4
= May 81, fisherman Iron. 4
= clad Grosser Kurfurst sunk 4
. by collision with the KONG 4
= Wilhelm ...... .......... $50
= February 10, 1sSo-British 4
= training ship Atlanta, lost 4
. in gale .............. 2so I
. September 10, 1S90-Turkish
= wooden frigate Ertogrul, I
. foundered In gale off I
= the coast of Japan ....... 538
= April %, 1S91-Blanco En- I
= calada, Chill, blown up by !
= a torpedo .............. 200
= June %, 1sas---Battle ship
= Victoria sunk by the Camp
| = erdown OF coast of Syria 33s
4 = February Is, 1s9s-Maine
. blown up in Havana Har-
Dor ......... ........... 259
= September 10, 1905-Admiral
. Togo's flagship Miskasa
| = blown up .............. 200
= January %. 1906-Brazilian
= gunboat Aquidaban, explos-
= ion ..... 1890. 200
| . March IL, 1907-French bat
= tleship lena, explosion -. 107
= October 25, 1911-French bat
/ . tleship Liberte, explosion. 435
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
Women In the Vatican.

ROME, Sept. 2s.-The traditions of
centuries Of the Catholic church were
Set aside by the pope today, who an
nounces that his two sisters
VIII live in the vatican in the hopes of
curing him of his Inconsistencies.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
He Died lncoa,

NEW YORK, Sept. 26.--It develop
ed here today that DR.. Clark. killed
yesterday in an aeroplane, was really
DR.. Charles B. Bunting, dare devil
member Of family socially prominent
in Kansas City. For years he had
been estranged from his family. He
was the originator of the dive Of death
and leaping the gap death deying cir
Gus stunts.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
1900 On strike.

MEMPHIS, Tenn, Sept 26.--Fifteen
hundred shopmen, members of the Illi-
hois Central system federation, went
On strike here today, Everything is
.led up on the railroad which is not
receiving freight.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
The Bank Of Enxnt

LONDON, Sept. 2e.-The Bank of
Egypt Suspended payment today. No
statement is given. The partial fail
ure N the cotton crop is the cause
Inc main Office is in Alexandria.
Egypt
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
Looking for Eden.

WILLOW RIVER, Mimi, Sept. 2s.--
a heavily armed posse is today trail
ing Ernest Eden, who yesterday shot
three people in the village and escap-
ed to the woods.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
DISCUSSING Strike.

ALBA, Sept. 26.-The executive
committee of the miners is in session
today, discussing the question of call
ing a strike in the Iowa mines. Up
to l O'Clock, nothing had been done.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
Harrinaton "ln Bad.

LOS ANGELES, Sept. 26.-Attorney
Harrington of counsel for the McNa-
mara brothers must tell the grand
Jury tomorrow of the charge against
him of trying to bribe witness. At
torney Darrow said today that Har-
rington would tell the grand jury
everything
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
Jeffrles, Mother Dead.

Los ANGELES. Sept 2s.--Mrs. Re
pecca Jeffries died last night. Her last
words We're prayer for her "boy
jim, the pugilist, who was hurrying
home from Alaska, called by her i'll.
ness.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1911-09-26
At Kansas CITY.

KANSAS CITY, MO-, Sept. 26.-
President Taft arrived in Kansas City
last night to address the national
conservation congress. He spent
busy day in southeastern Kansas,
making addresses at eleven Of the
prosperous little towns that dot that
section of the state. Everywhere the
presidential train was scheduled to
stop, and at other stations where
there was but pause, great crowds
waved greeting to the chief execu-
tive and Willingly braved the torrid
sun to listen to him
The crowds during the day were
the largest the president has faced
during his travels. The population of
some of the cities had been swelled
to twice the normal figures Excur-
sion trains were run from many di-
rections, while the prosperous farm
ers of the section drove into town in
automobiles The day was one of in
tense heat and the president often
| spoke with the unclouded sun focused
directly upon him and with the per-
! spiration streaming down his cheeks.
/ Mr.. Taft confined himself largely to
the vetoes of the wooden, free list and
cotton tariff bills. He gave his hear
ers to understand that he was ready
and more than willing to sign any
i bills reducing the tariff if founded
upon the report of the tariff board.
!! This board, the president said, would
be ready to report on the woolen
schedule the first of December.
'I believe that the present woolen
duties are too high" he exclaimed
amid applause, "and just as soon as
get adequate information l shall
recommend their reduction.
Mr.. Taft began the day at Coffey-
vile, and spoke also at independence,
Cherryvale, Thayler, Chanute, Hum
boldt, lola, Garnett, Ottawa, Edger-
ton and Olathe.
4 Aside from his tariff speeches the
A president spoke briefly on marriage
and divorce, on the prosperity of the
people of Kansas and on the trusts.
Mr.. Taft told the Kansans at Hum
boldt that their prosperity was such
that they had more money per capita
than any other state in the union ex-
cept Massachusetts.
In discussing the necessity of uni
form laws governing marriage and
divorce, the president first spoke Of
the equal necessity of uniform laws
on the subject of child labor and
workmens compensation. As to mar
riage and divorce, he said
"The increase of divorces in this
country is a reflection upon the laws
and their loose administration We
ought not to permit the marriage tie
to be dissolved at will. You say we
ought not to keep unhappy people to-
gether Who brought them together?
We did not. If they got together
under contract, why shouldn't they
be bound by the contract, unless one
or the other does something which
in the eyes of all men ought to per-
NIT or require at least a separation
If not divorce.
'It is the ability to get divorce
that demoralizes. We ought to have
a general uniform law on that sub
iect that would strengthen the mar
riage tie. 1t is possible to make di-
vorce difficult so that it cannot be OBJ
tanned by colusion.'