davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit times., 1911-04-07

what difficult. despite the fact that
the sea today is as smooth as a mill
pond The Princess Irene Is so close
In shore that the revenue cutters can
not get alongside. SO IL was decided
by Capt. Carmine OF the Seneca ana
Capt Dennison OF the Merritt-Chap-
man Wrecking Co. 20 use the big tug
Relief 60 transship the passengers.
Al high tide today five tugs and the
two revenue cutters hauled at the
Irene but could not bulge her \
strong ground swell last night sent
her nose so far into the sand that II
was believed today it will be neees-
sary 20 lighter most OF the cargo to
get the vessel afioat.
The passengers ON the stranded
steamer put i'm an anxious night. The
surf battered against her hun and al
times broke completely over her
The big tug Relief, largest wrecker
on the Atlantic coast made a record
breaking run from Norfolk TO the as
sistance of the Irene and was standing
by today.
The Detroit times., 1911-04-07
T0TAKE1,724FR0M
STRANDED VESSEL
Passengers on Princess Irene, Hard
Aground. Will Be Transferred To
Another Ship.

NEW YORK, April THE LIZA
passengers on the big North German
Lloyd Liner PRINCESS Irene, on the
sands OF Fire Island, were preparing
today for transfer TO the Prinz Fried
erich Wilhelm, which IL is expected
will take place late this afternoon. 1t
had been planned 10 take the passen'
gers OF last night. but the officers
commanding the revenue cutters Mo
hawk and Seneca decided il was too
great task for small boats and the
steamship officials were notified Ia
send a steamer down 10 bring the pas
sengers and their baggage 20 this city
The Prinz Frederick Wilhelm was
designated for the job. but II was
found she did not have coal enough on
board 10 go out early this morning
and II was noon before she cleared
from her Hoboken docks.
The work OF transfer will be some
The Detroit times., 1911-04-07
THREE DIE WHEN BOAT
GOES DOWN IN RIVER
Eleven Others Have Narrow Escapes
When Steamer Henry A. Laughlin
Sinks Near AlIenport. Pa.

MONONGAHELA, Pa, April -
Three persons. including two women,
were drowned at 1880 o'clock this
morning, when high wind overturn-
ed the steamer Henry A. Laughlin OF
the Jones & Laughhn Steel Co., and
sent II 10 the bottom Of the Mononga-
hela river, keel upward, near Alien
port. Eleven other members of the
crew had narrow escapes, swimming
ashore.
The dead:
Effie Hughes, cook.
Jane Lawrence, chambermaid.
Fireman, name unknown.
The $4,000 wreck completely
blocks the channel, small portion Of
the keel remaining above water.
The steamer was approaching Yes
Ia Lock No. /, when without warning,
cyclonic gale of wind struck the
side OF the boat and turned IL over
completely The majority or the crew
were in their berths at the time and
are unable 10 account for their mar
row escape.
The Detroit times., 1911-04-07
MOTHER AND SON
PERISH IN FLAMES
Parent Goes Into House To Save Him
and Both Are Burned To
Crisp.

CLEVELAND, o., April AFTER
saving the life of her l9-months-old
baby by tossing IL from the second
story window OF their burning home
10 It's godmother In the street below.
Mrs. Henry Marston, totally bind,
turned back into the room TO save her
7-year.old son and was burned 10
death. The son also persisted. The
charred bodies OF the two, with their
arms entwined about each other, were
found in the ruins OF the home after
the flames had been extinguished AT
an early hour this morning
The Detroit times., 1911-04-07
IN rniaen'iaed youth; about Is year.

old, Ieli, or was thr"Nn from ""
rear platform OF A Shermanst car at
st Antoine and MaVomb- Thurs
day ntEht patrolman Murdoch Nc
Kcnkle SAYS that while ho was call
ing an auto patrol TO remove The boy
TO a hospital. the conductor dragged
Tho injured youth back on the car
and Stgnalled the motOrmau 10 80
ahead Patrolman Mex emile SAYS the
Number 81 the car Is $40 George NJ
O'rouuor No IS Home Bank build
ms told Mckenzie he saw the con-
ductor push the youth on the plat
form OF the car
The Detroit times., 1911-04-07

Money ana Duncombe used to con-
stitute campaign oratory. Soon now
earnestness and truth will replace
them.
The Detroit times., 1911-04-07

II you're poor you cant afford 10
look IT, Dress decently I'm this dol
lars-and-cents age even IL you have
TO go hungry 10 do so.
The Detroit times., 1911-04-07

Bucketshops legal? Now we may
play poker in the middle OF the street
on Sunday
The Detroit times., 1911-04-07

Job Printing Eone hight. Times
Printing Co, No Is John X st Cali
Main i49s. or city s32Sb
The Detroit times., 1911-04-07

} I1rekea lantern unused IRE I'm n
<<&nt Trunk freight car nc the foot
- tirnrd-st.. early Friday morning.
THO car was loaded with cloth and
ne damage - estimated at 5000
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1911-05-04
Largest Tree Trunk.

Said to be the largest tree trunk in
the world is that of a tule tree at, Hitla,
Mexico. which measures 145 feet in
girtn.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1911-05-04
WALES.

Jim Simms, who has been sick is
about again.
G. FL. Johnston and wife autoed to
Langdon on Tuesday.
ssassMr. Blake is having a we'll put down
on his residence property this week.
The Beaulieu family have moved to
their farm out in the country for the
summer.
A. FL. Koehmstedt is engaged in pat
ting In a drive we'll at the Catholic
parsonage.
jacob Schiller is able to be up and
around again since his illness, but is still
very weak.
Mrs. Frank is engaged in helping Mrs.
George E. Montgomery with her spring
house cleaning.
Sore eyes are now going the rounds in
Wales and quite number are out of
school in consequence.
Eli Montgomery and family of st.
Paul, arrived last week, and as usual
will spend much of the summer here.
The Misses Stella and Pearl Fuller
ton, two of Dresden townships popular
teachers drove to Langdon on Saturday.
S. j. A. Boyd, passed through Wales
last Wednesday morning on one his
regular trips visiting schools over the
county.
Lawrence Crockett was up from the
Crockett ranch last week putting in the
crop on his quarter section which ad-
joins the town of Wales.
Miss Ida Stalt, who spent last week
visiting with her brothers, Alb, on the
farm, and with Will, at Hannah, return
ed to her home here last Saturday.
George Schneider, who underwent an
operation for appendicitis was in the
village last Saturday. He is still looking
quite pale, but hopes soon to have his
usual health again.
Quite a number of our townspeople
are awakening to the fact that they are
defendants in an action where the title
to certain Rush Lake lands is in ques,
ton. 1t seems to be a case where some.
one is trying to get something for moth
ing.
Geese are said to be numerous at the
Lake. One man would have shot two
last week, only for the fact that nc
spring shooting is allowed. Several
other could have bagged a bird or two.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1911-05-04
CORRESPONDENCE
OLGA

Most of the wheat will be in by the
end of this week.
Potatoes are a scarce article around
here and with the present going prices
it would pay to ship in a car load.
x. P. Brunnelle left for the Valley last
Saturday. where he has a contract to
plowiS00 acres with his new Case engine.
Our blacksmith, Leon Lejeune, has
moved from the Chaput residence, for
merly occupied by him and is now living
in his W residence behind the shop.
Mrs. Cregan. mother Of James and
Cashier Thos. Cregan is very i'll. DR.. j.
j.. Reilly is in attendance. The many
friends of the family sincerely hope that
she will be spared to spend many years
among the m.
Rev. H. j, Muyssen left last week fol
Chicago and expects to be absent unit
uthe end of the month. Rev. Father
Chaigne, of st. Adolph, Manitoba, will
remain with US during u pastors tenn.
porary absence.
William Brillion was the proud pos.
SCISSOR of fine pair of twin colts, born
on his farm west of town the beginning
of last week. Although he took all pos.
sible care of them one died, just when
he had good hopes of raising both.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1911-05-04
but remembering the law shot in the
other direction.

but remembering the law shot in the
other direction.
At a meeting of the Wales business
men and baseball players, included in
which were a number of %"fans," an Or
ganization for the present season vas
effected. The meeting which was held
in the hall over the Davidson doug store
placed the Wales ball team management
in the hands of the following:
Manager-A. A. Scott.
Secretary-A. Hammess.
Treasurer-Frank j. Fischer.
The following IS the probable lineup:
Captain and catcher, Frank j. Fischer:
first baseman, G. Erickson: second base
man, B. j. Schunt: third baseman, A.
Hammess: short stop, A, Mattson; left
field, Joe Gutter; center field, w. Fischer;
right field, j. Montgomery. There are
also several other players who will he
given a trial. AS yet no pitcher has been
secured, but the management is cores
ponding with some good men and hopes
to land one soon, The first game will be
played with Langdon on the home
grounds next Sunday afternoon to com
mence at half past four o'clock.
Don't think that piles can't be cured
Thousands of obstinate cases have been
cured by DOan'S Ointment, so cents
at any drug store.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1911-05-04
RECOVER STOLEN MONEY.
Dog Chased Rabbit Into Log Where !
Was Hidden.

IVY sNS t@S ivy II -
Was Hidden.
A dog chasing a rabbit in the woods
in fernando county, Fla, had a large
part in finding part Of the $4,000 re-
Gently stolen from a registered mail
pouch between Tampa and Tarpon
Springs on the night Of March %.
Four thousand dollars was recovered
by Postoffice Inspector Jones and
Deputy Sheriff Bell.
Bell heard that a boy named Cicero
Horace, fifteen years old, was spend
ing large bills freely at Brooksville,
and he had the boy arrested. Horace
said that while hunting recently his
dog chased a rabbit into a hollow pine
log, that he thrust his hand into the
opening and drew out not only the
rabbit but a sack filed with bills.
Just then a negro man came up and
made him give up half Of the money.
Then the boy proceeded to bury most
Of his half and to spend the remain
der.
He showed detectives where he had
buried $4,000, and they dug it up.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1911-05-04
GOOD WORK
Done Daily in Langdon Many of Our
Citizens Tell of It

Nearly every reader has heard of
Doan's Kidney Pills. Their good work
in Langdon still continues, and our citi-
zens are constantly adding endorsement
by public testimony. No better proof
of merit can be had than the experience
Of friends and neighbors. Read this
case:
w. B. Gordon. MAN ST., Langdon, N.
Oak, says: 81 still advocate the use of
Doan's Kidney Pills as I hold just as
high an opinion of tnem as | did when
I publicly endorsed them in August,
1907. At least ter years ago l first used
Doan's Kidney Pills and got great
relief from pains in my back aud right
kidney. The use Of this remedy at IN
t~ervals since then has brought tightly
satisfactory results. | IN convinced
that there is nothing more effective
than Deans Kinney Pills ~ curing kid
ney complaint"
For sale by all dealers. Price 80 cents
Foster. Milnurn Co.. Buffalo. New York
sole agents for The United States.
Remember the nnme--Duan'S-and
take no others
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1911-05-04
WEST HOPE

Well, the cold snap the first part oil
the week put a stop to seeding in the
mornings.
S. j. A. Boyd, of Hannah, was around
visiting the school marms of West Hope
township on Friday of last week in his
new car.
Wheat seeding is pretty we'll along in
West Hope township. Many farmers
around here had all OF their crop sown
by Saturday night.
S. G. Erickson accompanied his
daughter on a trip south in Easily town
ship where the latter will be engaged in
teaching school this summer
Charlie Dill;ng is now working for
Jas. Fl. Jennings over in Harvey town
ship having lately given up the job he
held some time past on the Peter G.
Olson farm.
Carl DahIvang bad to make a trip tc
Langdon last Friday to get another
horse so that he could 60 ahead and get
his crop in. One of his horses had got
sick and will be laid up for a week OF
two.
Fred B. FISHERMAN has written back
to West Hope friends that he has reach
ed the end of his j~ourneyings in Western
Canada. He has secured a job on
base ball team at Rocky Prairie. Sask.
for the season.
On Monday of this week Mrs. RoberI
Robertson took the train at Mowbray
Man, called to her former home il
Eastern Ontario, by news of the Hines.
a former girlhood friend who is not ex
pected to recover.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1911-05-04
SET HIS OWN BROKEN BONE
Physician Refused Opiates and Serv-
ices of Fellow SURGEONS.

N'iN
ices Of Fellow Surgeons.
Refusing to take opiates and refus-
ing proffers of aid by his fellow ply
s%icians, DR.. A. Moody Burts, a well
known surgeon of Macon, Ga, set his
left arm, which he had broken by slip
ping on the floor of his Office.
Physicians were called by DR.. Burts'
servant, but he refused their services
and declared hat he would not take
an opiate. Seating himself in the OPP
Grating chair while his fellow sur
geons looked on, DR.. Burts successful
ly worked the broken bone, located
between the wrist and the elbow. into
place.
The fracture was a bad one, but
physicians say Burts made a complete
success of the mending job.
DR.. Burts explains his refusal of aid
by saying that he knew just where
the break was and that he believed
this knowledge enabled him to deal
with it better than his fellow physi-
clans could have done.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1911-05-04

Robert Robertson had the misfortune
to get a two year old colt cut up in bad
shape in a barb wire fence, during the
week 1t was one of the most promising
young horses he has on the place and it
really does look as if Bob is having his
share of bad luck the past few months
back.
Frank Schutt and Robert Robertson
have this spring decided to stop the
road tha. run on the blind line of Sec
ton % 1t ran through the farms of
both of them. There is a good road
along the section line now and the road
along the blind line was doing much
damage to the crops on both of their
farms,
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1911-05-04
Second Hand Automobiles

We have on hand at our garage a
few second hand automobiles. We will
put these in first class shape and make
the price right. Please call and see
what we have.
LANGDoN LIGHT Co.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1911-05-04
RARE CAUSE FOR DIVORCE,
Man and Wife Differed as to the Num-
Der of Babies.

Man and Wife Differed as to the Num-
Der of Babies.
A difference of opinion as to how
many babies should constitute a FAM
lily resulted in Mrs. Frank A. Willard
Of Los Angeles getting a divorce in
1900 on the ground of cruelty.
After seven babies had arrived Mrs.
Willard said, "Neyer again." Willard
contended that seven was only a nu-
cleus. Now presumably Mrs. Willard
has changed her mind. for Mr.. Willard
has begun suit to have the divorce set
aside. 1t is understood hat if it fails
they will remarry.
In his bill Willard says, Your ora
tor insists that nature should not be
interrupted in her wise plan of popu-
lating the earth; therefore there was
no natural cause for the defendant
seeking divorce"
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1911-05-04

farms.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1911-05-04
To Electric Light Users

We have now on hand a stock of 900 v
Tungsteen's 60 watt ramps. These are
so cabd]e power lamps and will cost you
less than 'h%ree-fourths OF one cent per
hour to rum. Price Of amps S1.4O each.
LANGDoN LIGHT Co.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1911-05-04
Canadian Lands

lfyou intend making a trip to Western
Canada, it will be to your advantage to
see me. [ a issue you transportation
at reduced rates and give you other
valuable information. Call or write
Correspondence promptly ansu cred.
JOSEPH Power, Langdon, N D.
Agent Canadian Pacific Railway Lands.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1911-05-04

A full line of township blanks always
hand at the DEMOCRAT office.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1911-05-19
ALBA NEWS.

Alfred Grayson visited in Hooking
this week with his grandson, Mr.. Roy
Grayson.
Mr.. Chas. Washington entertained
the Sewing Circle club, May 18th. Elec-
ton of officers at this meeting were
Mrs. Henry Jones, President; Mrs.
Nellie Estes, Sec'y; Visitors, Mrs. 5
w. Galloway, Mrs. Prudie Allen.
Atty Geo. H. Woodson and lawyer,
and Jas. H. Spears was in town most
of the week attending court.
Rev. Clyde Taylor visited Mrs. Nan
ME Johnson, this week.
Mrs. Oscar Roper entertained the
Dunbar club on Thursday afternoon.
Madame Maggie Gray and Estella
Morris of Princeton, Mo-, and Miss Eva
Morris of Buxton were the guest OF
Mrs. Henry Harris, this week. Mrs
Gray and Mrs. Morris are on their way
to Kansas City, Kansas.
The trustees and members and friends
of the A. M. E. church met on Monday
afternoon to see about repairing the
church They also decided to give q
church entertainment on May 30. All
are invited to attend,
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1911-05-19

the expression mildly to say the
least. There we're twenty-four cou-
ples In attendance, and quite rev
enjoyed themselves tripping the nshe
fantastic after some good music Miss
Edna Jones, of Oskaloosa, assisted
at the piano a couple OF times dur
the evening, and IL goes without say
ing that she Is quite an artist IN her
chosen vocation as was atteStea ny
the action Of the couples on the hoor'
Not In many years han an enter
tainment been enjoyed here as was
this one and never In the knoWleuse
OF the writer has one ever eXceiieu
this one in granduer. during tne
evening two course luncheon was
served. The place favors were PINK
and white carnations. Tne Color
scheme of the club being carried out
in almost everything. The cream oe-
ing pink hearts with white trimninss
on the edge, and the name OF tue
club. Bon Ami. in white in the cen
fer Little Elizabeth Redd presided
at the frappe bowl. Those ATTENDING
from a distance were: MISS Lola
Brooks, of Burlington; MISS fa!e
Sykes, of Fairfield; Miss Nora MottS'
of Sigourney; Miss Lottie GreaVer'
Mrs. Anderson. MeSsrs. johnson anu
Mr.. and Mrs. Wilson, OF Ottunl"a'
Misses Edna Jones and Jennie Hardy
of Oskaloosa; Mr.. Watson, or Mon
mouth, H.; Mr.. Howard Motifs, OF
Davenport.
Last week an accident happened 10
Geo. w. Black that he will not soon
forget. He was in the path OF gas
oline explosion, which knocked MN
down and burned the left side OF MS
face and left arm pretty badly ou'
he is getting along alright now. IL
was lucky for him that his clothlns
was not set on fire.
The Allen League of the A. NJ f.
church celebrated the eleventh ami
versary of its birth last Sunday eve
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1911-05-19
MT. PLEASANT ITEMS.

Mrs. VIM. Wiette let Monday morn
ing for an indefinite stay in Center
vile.
The song service that was given
at the A. NJ. E. church two weeks ago
was repeated Sunday evening and
wss grand success.
Mr. Wilbur Burnaugn left Monday
for Circleville, Oslo, to spend thu
summer.
An entertainm lent was given at the
A. NJ. E. church last Thursday even
ing. A very neat sum was cleared
1t was rather a novelty called this
Pink Tea.
Miss Myrtle and Mr.. Arthur Bur
naugh attended the dance in Fl Mad
ison. Tuesday night.
Misses Ruth Hedge and Maudlien
Rurnaugh attended the High School
annual banquet at the home of Sem
ator Seely. A very enjoyable time
was reported.
Mr.. J. J. Carter was operated on
again for the filling the lungs and is
resting quite easy.
Mr.. Cutler Robinson left Monday
for Centerville on a business trip.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1911-05-19
DAVENPORT NOTES.

Grand chapter, order of Eastern
Star of Iowa, jurisdiction is opening
here as We go to press, with a large
delegation. This gathering has
brought to our city quite number
CT the best ladies in the state.
Grand Patron, Mr.. ]. w. Bland. OF
Keokuk, Iowa, is the guest Of Rev.
and Mrs. B. Stovall
Mrs. C. H. Marshall was South
Rock Island visitor Monday and took
supper with Mr.. and Mrs. Chas. Lam
bert.
The services conducted by Rev. J..
L. E. Burr, at Bethel A. NJ. E. church
last Wednesday evening was some
thing fine. Rev. Burr preached as
few men can, and the choir sang
sweetly.
Mothers day was feelingly observ-
ed at the Third Baptist church Sun
day afternoon.
Mrs. Bailey read a fine paper on
the subject. Mrs. Racheal Battles
sang a beautiful solo. Mrs. Cora
Hart gave an instrumental solo and
Licentiate Milton Howard gave an in
teresting talk, then the pastor fol-
lowed with an approprite sermon OIL
the subject -Four sweet names in
history" Quite number of mothers
were in attendance
Our Sunset Bible Glass work IS
progressing nicely.
The pastor preached Sunday night
on the evils of intemperence.
Pastor and people are invited to
conduct services for the Baptist Mis-
sion Cwhite) next Sunday evening.
Our rally will come off the second
Sunday in June.
Now that summers here, lets see
how much good we can do.
Odd Fellows Annual Thanksgiving
Sermon at Bethel A. NJ. E. church.
Sunday at 800 p. H., May 81, 1911.
Babies Light Guard Bind will play
for this occasion. This will be the
new bands debut. They all have fine
new tailor-made suits, and will do
themselves and the citizens of the
Tri-cities honor The boys have
been in training for some time under
the best band masters in the city.
Rev. T.. B. Stovall will preach the
sermon subject, Odd Fellowship, it's
scope and it's worth.
Eddie Simple, who was reported
quite sick last week is somewhat bet
ter.
Mr.. George Washington is sick.
Mr.. G. H. Hawkins of W. 10th
street, is home sick. =
Mrs. Vim. O'Neil reports a nice time
enjoyed in Evanston, Ill.,, last week.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1911-05-19

snent In dialogues and songs by the
81 q scholars, and brief remarks by
Rev. Gordon and Rev. Bell All
present enjoyed the evening very
much. ,,,,,,
Mr. Emmett Stewart, of Villisca.
spent Sunday in this city,
Mr.. Robert Banks has moved MS
family to Omaha. They we're ac-
companied by their daughter Mrs
Gertrude pemberton and baby VINO
will visit them few days.
The w H. & F. Mission Circle mel
at the home Of Mrs. Hattie DRAKE
Friday afternoon. After business
hours we're over. dainty refreshments
were served by the hostess
Mr.. Henry Price, of Red Oak, at
tended the lodge meeting in this city
last Thursday.
Mrs Montgomery royalty entertain
ed the ladies of the sewing circle last
Thursday afternoon.
Mrs. Alice Stewart and FAMILY o.
Vlllisca, spect Sunday in this city.
Miss Mabel Johnson, OF Gravity
visited relatives in this city SUNDAY
Messrs. Lewis Montgomery and VIZ
gil Lewis took dinner at the home OF
Mr.. and Mrs. Dick Wilkerson sunday.
The ladies of the Art club gave
social at the beautiful home OF Mr..
and Mrs. E. B. Cook last THURSDAY
evening. A program was rendered
consisting of music and special ora
ton by Miss Susie Gee, entitled
kidnapped of Ransomed," being
greatly appreciated by all who heard
it,
Mrs. Lottie Williams and daughter
Helen left last week for Creston'
where the former will join her nus
band who has been employed there
for some time. They expect to make
that city their home.
Mr.. Joe Baker and family, OF Bux-
ton are visiting relatives in this city.
Mrs. Josephine King visited in Col
lege Spring last week.
Mr.. William Stevens, of Red OAK.
visited in this city Tuesday.
Rev. Evans and family were en-
tertained to dinner Sunday at the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. E. B. Cook.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1911-05-19

Is there anything in all this world
that is of more Importance to you than
good digestion? Food must be eaten
to sustain life and must be digested
and converted into blood. When the
digestion fails the whole body suffers.
Chamberlain Tablets are rational
and reliable cure for Indigestion. They
increase the flow of bile. purify the
blood, strengthen the stomach, and
tone up the whole digestive apparatus
to natural and healthy action. For
sale by all dealers.