New-York tribune., 1911-01-08
TIRE MAKERS LESSONS
Real Strength Lies in the
interior Fabric.
PROBLEMS OF THE RUBBER
Careful Adjustment of the Two
Materials the Secret Of the
Well Wearing TIE.

By j, O. COLE,
The construction Of automobile tires has
been gradually brought up to It's present
hirh standard by making use OF the earlier
lessons learned in the manufacture OF bi-
cycIe tires. In that earlier experience we
learned that to get sufflcient strength in
the fabric. In which IN reality lies the real
strength Of tho tire, It was necessary to
inaugurste new ideas and practices IN fao-
ric construction This was gradually
brought about with the makers OF cioth'
and they In turn accomplished results that
were considered impossible al first thought
The factors determining the proper make
up OF automobile tires are, first. the nee
essary strength Of fabric to carry GER
tain load: second. the best way OF holding
together the several layers of fabric nee
essary TO produce the required strength;
third. the best way OF protecting that fab
ric from outward injury. and, fourth, the
producing Of an outside wearing surface 10
give a maximum wear without introducing
features that will produce quick injury TO
the fabric.
Experience has taught that while less
| layers than are used will furnish the neo-
essary strength. 1t is advisable TO use a
greater number to help protect the tire
| from punctures and bursting, or so-called
| fabric breaks, that are liable from sudden
blows by hitting stones and other OBJ
| stacles that arc always 10 be found There
| is also limit 20 the number Of layers that
| can be used on account Of reducing the
| hexibility OF the walls Of the tire, espe-
| cialy in the side walls, or that portion be-
tween the holding beads and the tread
portion.
| II is essential that the rubber compounds
used to hold the layers of fabric together
| should be such that the action Of the fabric
! Will be free and natural and also that Il
| is soft enough to penetrate the interstices
| Of the fabric and keep the threads from
| rubbing together and causing friction 20
| destroy the fabric before the tire has seen
| real service enough to wear II out nat
| urally. The above arc the chief reasons
| why that part Of tire called the carcass
| fabric Is designed and constructed under
| the present arrangement OF parts.
| AS It is necessary TO protect the carcass
| fabric from road wear, punctures, etc
| there is need OF much more covering on
| that part OF the tire coming in contact with
| the road; therefore, the soft rubber (called
| the cushiou) and an extra layer Of fabric
| (called the breaker strip are introduced
| into the construction.
| The, outside wearing surface or tread
must necessarily be harder and tougher
| than the inner portions, In order to take
the wear and not grind or cut of; IT must
also be capable Of withstanding the action
| of air and moisture to q considerable ex-
| tent; therefore, on this. as on the carcass
fabric. depends a large part OF the strength
| OF tire.
The vulcanizinE or curing OF tires con-
sists in subjecting them 10 certain heat
temperature for certain period of time,
| in order TO unite the several parts into
one homogeneous mass and produce its
elasticity, without which rubber is Of no
| especial value as q wearing agent.
In order TO accomplish this, the several
parts OF rubber from which the tire Is COM
| posed must he so compounded as to blend
| or flow and unite soldly, making OF a tire
when completed nothing more or less than
a wall Of rubber In which is embedded
| fabric. placed In such position as will
| give the best results.
The Fisk Bolted-On Tire is constructed
with all the above features carefully
studied Jut, but in addition TO all these it
! has the advantage OF being designed 10
hold 10 the rim mechanically and not ~
air pressure, as is the case with all its
competitors