The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1911-11-21

was tdhCI " IL 4
patient at just the time that the rash
was coming out or was about to come
out. 1t carried the disease. n from
this and other experiments we now
know just when measles are infec-
tious.
The first monkeys were i~noculated
June s of last year. Ten days later
they began to be feyerish, and an
eruption came out upon them, just as
it does on a child. The little animals
developed all the symptoms and fea-
lures Of human measles and the dis
ease acted in the same way. Now
when the disease was just ct the right
point certain of these monkeys were
killed and their blood was used to
inoculate fresh monkeys. The mon
KEYS SO inOculated took the measles,
and a third set of monffeyS ~inoculated
with their blood took the measles like
wise.
Dangers to Schoo Children.
From these and other cases DR.. An
derson finds that the period Of infec-
tjvity from measles, as far as the
monkey is concerned, begins about the
fourth day after he catches the dis
ease, and that it DISAPPEARS as soOn
as the eruption has passed w and
the temperature Of the patient be-
comes normal. It must be the same
with humans, but as II IS now. when
q child has the measles it is kept out
of school for something like three
weeks. These Investigations show that
twelve or fifteen days time is all that
is necessary, and it is probable that a
less period would be safe. The dis
ease is communicated from man to
man, or rather from child to child,
for it is to a large extent a child
disease, by means of the secretions
which come from the nose and u
Certain monkeys which were inocu-
lated with a fluid mixed with these
secretions took the measles, and it
is probable that the contagion comes
largely from such secretions. III
saliva and other secretions are mixed
with the dust Of the streets and thus
taken into the system. For this rea-
son children with the measles should
be warned against expectoration.
Monkey Studies OF 1nfantile Pa
ralysis.
Among others Of the recent investi-
cation Of the hygienic laboratory is
i%nfantile paralysis. This dread dis
ease is like the measles in that it
usually attacks little children. 1t is
:: disease Of the spine, which paralyzes
the child either in part or in certain
Of its members, and which often
causes death. In Sweden out Of 592
| cases of children under eleven II
died, and in Massachusetts in 62S
cases h State Board of Health found
that 16 per cent Of the babies OF less
than n year failed to recover.
Among the others, who got partially
well. four had one thigh and leg
| paralyzed, eight had two legs para
lyzed, and a number had a leg, arm
| and other members made dead, as 1t
were.
IDfantile PARALYSIS is not a new dis
ease. Evidences Of it have been found
in an Egyptian umm which is al
most 5000 years old, and it has long
/ existed in E1rone Thnra have hoan
a number of outbreaks Of it in vari-
Gus parts Of the United States within
the past few years. Massachusetts had
one in 1907, 1908, 1909 and 1910,
Michigan one in 1907 and 1908. Penn
sylvania one in 1910. and Oregon,
South Dakota and Virginia were af-
ficted with it during hat same year.
1t was in 1910 hat it broke out here
at Washington, resulting in $50 cases
and about sixteen deaths. The young
est case was only four months old
and the oldest ~sixty-four years.
In studying this dease there have
been many attempts to give it to
guinea pigs, rabbits, horses. sheep,
dogs, cats, chickens, ducks and pigs.
They have all failed, but it has now
been discovered that it Can be given
to the monkey, and also hat a mon
key which has had the disease once
cannot be given the disease again. It
has been found hat a serum from
the diseased monkeys will arrest the
progress Of the disease after it has
developed, and monkeys have been
~vaccinated with this ana thus made
immune. It may be that this vacci-
nation will some day be extended to
children.
1nfantile paralysis is found to come
from a germ, but this germ is so small
that it will go through a stone filter.
The scientis haye n~acerated the spin
al cord Of a monkey ahving the disease
and have passed the water containing
this through such a filter. A drop
of che water which came from the
filter was hen injected into another
monkey, and it got infantile paralysis.
1t is also found that the secretions
from the nose of the infected mon
keys are infectious and it is believed
all the secretions of the nose and
mouth are likewise so. This indicates