davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1911-05-05

man can freely talk
of her private ILL
ness to q woman +;
thus has been es-
tablished this con-
fdence between
Mrs. Pinkham and
the VIZ III en- OF
America which has
never been broken.
Never has she pub
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-07-08

State coaches and gifts to Russian
rulers are shown in this great store
house of history.
The churches of the Kremlin con-
tain Jewels worth a kings ransom, for
no imitation stones are used in the
ikons there, several of which have
been presented by wealthy Russians.
Many of the floors are paved with
jasper and the columns are of Tnala
chite. In the sacristy of the Cathe-
dral of the Assumption is what is said
to be a nail from the cross on which
Christ was crucified, also a part of
the robe in which the Saviour was
clothed when He was set up to the
derision Of the people. and a piece
of the Rock of Calvary. One cannot
fail to notice the beautiful architec-
ture of the Ascension Convent near the
Gate Of the Redeemer-a nunnery
founded in 1889 by Eudoxia, wife of
Dimttri the Don. The tombs of the
wives of several Of Russia's rulers are
here, under the care of the nuns, the
majority of whom are of noble Rus
sian families. The French soldiers
used part of the building during Ma
poleon's stay in Moscow, and as was
the custom of that great warrior ev-
erywhere, he ordered the destruction
of some of the most expensive mural
decorations. These have in a meas
ure been restored.
In the open space is the Great Bell
of Moscow-the largest one ever cast
being twenty-six feet in height and
weighing two hundred tons. It rests
on the ground and since the reign of
the Empress Anne in 1897 it has been
merely curiosity. There is also the
largest cannon ever cast and a large
collection of cannon left by Napoleon.
The great palace is, of course, the
principal attraction, for here In the
seven hundred rooms Russia main
tains a vastness of medieval glory
unsurpassed in the world. It goes
without saying that this wonderful
building is carefully guarded and an
/ officer always accompanies the visitor
/ through the building. The first palace
erected by the Romanon dynasty was
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-07-08

that the electric motor is therefore
comparable from that point of view.
But there the comparison is not alto
gether fair for it is traction power
that counts.
By placing together a pair of these
90-ton motors, both under the con-
troll of one man. the engineer has under
his control $500 horsepower, or a
maximum tractive effort of 10000
pounds developed by the 1so-ton To-
connective. One of the huge MalIet
steam locomotives weighs 239 tons
but of this weight but 167 tons is on
the drivers. and this engine is capa-
BILE of but 1900 pounds tractive ef-
fort.
Taking into consideration the
weights on the drivers, which is the
weight that counts most in traction,
the electrical engines are on their
drivers practically pound for pound
while their steam brethren are not by
about one-half.
Another system of propulsion, other
than steam. for railroads that is be-
coming popular for short branch lines
is the gas electric motor car, a car
the trolley car and yet is so seIf-con-
tanned that it is Independent of wires
or third rails and can cruise all over
the country where it can find rails of
proper gage.
This car is combination passenger
and parcel carrier and its motive
power is a combination OF the gaso-
line engine and the electric motor.
That the car is practicable has been
demonstrated by a long distance run
by one of its type. several thousand
miles being covered and most of the
larger cities of the country being
visited.
Already some of the larger roads
have adopted the model for operating
upon extensions from the main line
and it bids fair to become an import
ant feature on lines known as feeders
to main trunks.
In this car the power is derived
from the gasoline engine and is then
! transmitted to electric generators and
the current thus made is transmitted
direct to the motors that drive the
wheels.
The great difficulty in the e1ectrin-
cation of standard railways is. No
longer the engineering problem OF
developing an electric motor and tha
electrical system that will operate n
/ but it is q broad question of dnancIa !
and general policy of far reacbire-
scope and it requires a combination ~
the highest engineering and CONNER
cia1 skill.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-07-08

The Order of st. Catherine-the
distinguished honor conferred on Rus
sian women. is commemorated by
another magnificent room Here me
colors are red and the walls are hung
with satin damask of that SHADE:
wonderful glass candelabra are USED
IN 1rhtirg the room when the Gar
ina holds her receptions here.
For riot of color the decoration OF
the State Dining-R Room in the old RaA-
ace surpasses anything OF its KIND In
the world. The carpet alone Is q
work of art in the blending of colors.
It was made by the Russian nuns ana
contains all the colors of the teus-
sian Regiments blended together IN
perfect harmony. 1t Is vaui'eo
apartment, the arches resting on
forr-cornered column in the centre
of the room. Its walls are frescoed
in imitation of ancient art, with scrip
t,,raI subjects highly colored. On the
day of the coronation, The Car ana
Czarina dine at q special table erect
ed on a throne while the MOBILES.
churchnen and diplomats are seated
at another table where a sumptuous
feast is served The imperial plate Is
brought frem the treasury and dis
nlaved on racks about the central col
I1rnn of the room. Up to the t1nu6 OF
peter the Great only men were al
lowed on the main floor during the
coronation dinner. The women sat
in a secluded gallery and viewed the
festivities by peering through q wood
an grating Sophia, the sister of Peter
the Great, changed all this by appear
ting on the main floor during a coro-
nation dinner and since that time the
ladies of the Court have enjoyed this
privilege.
It seems strange that Russia should
have to thank an italian architect for
the beauty and charm of the Krem-
lin. for the picturesque wall with its
bastions and its five wonderful gate
ways was the work of Milanese
named Peter Solarius, and was erected
just one year before Columbus discov-
cred America.
One cannot stand amid all this
wealth teeming with historic memo
rails breathing the spirit of that race
Of Slavs, from barbaric times to the
present day, and teaching the terrible
lesson of mans ens1avement to a
brutal and merciless tyranny, and
knowing the undeveloped condition of
the amazing resources Of that i'm
mense Empire, without rejecting
upon the great possibilities for good
and greatness that might have been
realized under a governmental regime
which gave free and untrammeled
course to the energies and liberties Of
its peoples.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-07-08

ranged to utilize the single-phase cur
rent from an overhead wire at 1900
volts, and also being operated by cur
rent from the $50 volt third rail sys-
tenn of the New York Central & Hud-
son. thus making a demonstration Of
the wonderful fiexibility of alternating
current apparatus.
The three-phase system has been In
use in Italy and Switzerland for sew
eral years and at the present time the
Italian government is equipping the
Glow road which runs out of Genoa
with this system. This line, which is
heavy grade road, will be operated
by 35 motors that are now being
built.
The employment of electric motors
to haul in conjunction with steam
locomotives dates back, in this coun-
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-07-08

above their surroundings-thei gold
en- domes glistening in the sunlight
with matchless beauty. On every side
this same wall appears and shuts the
Kremlin Off from the rest of the city
except where entrances are made
through the five gates. These gates
are open to the public, who are permit
ted to pass the guards unmolested-in
fact, the Kremlin grounds are a pub
lie thoroughfare in going from one
part Of the city to the other. Each
gate to the Kremlin has its own Pc
culiar tradition and history.
The Nicholas Gate at the northeast
ern entrance bears the miraculous
ikon in mosaic of st. Nicholas, the
dread of perjurers and comforter of
suffering humanity" suspended over
it. In ancient times oaths were adj
ministered to litigants in front of this
venerated image. The troops of Sigs-
mund the Third and of Napoleon
passed through this gate. 1t was
partly destroyed by the great French
general, but neither the ikon nor even
the lamp above it were injured. Alex
ander I. had tablet placed on the
gate telling the Russians of its mi
raculous preservation.
The Trinity Gate is at the western
extremity. and through this entrance
the main body Of the French troops
passed. 1t also leads to the slums of
the city and at one time was little
used on account of the thieves who
frequented that section.
The gate on the southwest has an
interesting tower and is known as the
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-07-08
NuZzLae C17fz ZTHxz.
HeV I04k cezLzRZ

cheney. AS a matter of fact these
1893 motors are still in use, hauling
passenger trains. For the handling
of freight trains motors that weigh
$50 tons and which have a traction
power of $4,000 pounds starting and
are able to haul 5000 pounds at
speed of 80 miles an hour are used.
One of these giant motors has no
difficulty in drawing an 1S0O-ton train
through the tunnel and up the y
per cent. grade, while three steam To-
comotives, with their tenders. weigh
ing $40 tons. have great difficulty in
performing the same service.
The latest models of these giant mo-
tors weigh $50 tons and they embody
many features not contained in the
older models and they are, corre-
spondinglH more mobile. The cab Is
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-07-08
Tie 81 @khe1Zze

destroyed by fire in 1897 and nothing
was left but the cellar walls. which
are the foundation of the present pal
ace. This was during the reign of
the Empress Anne who rebuilt a
splendid structure. Later the palace
was remodeled and upon a gigantic
scale by Catherine IL This went down
before the ruthless hand of Napoleon
and the present palace is monument
to Nicholas I. in whose reign it was
built. The main rooms are named
in honor of the principal Orders of
Russia, and the highest of these is
the Alexander Nevskt which was
founded in 1925 by Catherine I. This
order is represented by the famous
Alexander Nevslzi Hall and is the most
magnificent of all the rooms, with its
pink silk hangings and it's gold deco
rations. Huge paintings of scenes in
the life of Alexander Nevski hang in
different parts of the room-wonder-
full life-li1e portraits Of the men of
that time. The parquet floor is formed
of wood of twenty different varieties,
and forty-five hundred candles are
used to light the room, which is over
one hundred feet long and nearly as
wide. During the Japanese Russian
War the Grand Duchess Elizabeth.
now the widow of the Grand Duke
Sergius, converted this hall into a
sewing room for Red Cross work.
Sewing machines were placed in rows
and each day the wives of Russia s
nobility met here and made under
clothing and bandages for the men
who were giving their lives for the
honor of the Bear in far-off Manchu-
ria. Two years ago the Grand Duchess
entered a convent where she has de-
termed to spend the rest of her life
"a pathetic fate for the beautiful
sister of the Czarina.
The Throne Room is just beyond
the Nevski Hall, and the color scheme
is blue-the color Of the ribbon of ST.
Andrew. Three chairs are on a dais
at the end of the room-the centre
one for the Gar, the one at the left
for the Czarina, and the one at the
right for the Dowager.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-07-08

secret or prison gate.
By far the most important of these
entrances is the main gate opening on
the famous Red Square, and is known
as The Gate of the Redeemer. No
man may pass its sacred portals with
out removing his hat. Fifty years
ago the failure to uncover the head
while passing was punished with
hfty-two complete prostrations. At
present the guard will refuse entrance
and even the Gar would not dare dis
obey, for religious customs in the
Land of the Bear take precedence
over even the will of the Car. 1t is
said that the only attempt to enter
the gate with covered head was made
by Napoleon during his stay there,
and he was-so the story goes-frus-
trated by Providence as a puff of wind
blew off his hat just as he was about
to enter its sacred portals. The gate
way was built in 1891 and in 1647
the Car Alexis had a picture of the
Redeemer. which he had brought
from Smolensk, placed over the gate,
and from this much venerated ikon
the entrance takes its name. The
frame of the ikon is solid gold, and
Russian tradition says that the French
tried to steal the frame but every
ladder planted against the gateway
snapped in the middle. The great
stone execution block in the Red
Square is almost directly in front of
the gate, and the criminals who paid
the penalty of their sins on the block
made their last prayers to the tkon
from Smolensk.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-07-08

divided into two parts. a main cab
and an auxiliary cab. In the former
sits the engineer while in the latter
are pumps, air tanks. rheostats and
other machinery that does not require
constant inspection All of the oper-
ating gear. switches, ETC., are in the
main cab and arranged so that the
engineer may reach any one of them
in an instant.
It is interesting to compare one of
these motors with the types of steam
engines. The motors are built in two
sections, each of which weighs so
tons. The Pacific type of locomo-
tives. such as are used for heavy pas
senger service, weighs about rs tons.
On the other hand the power freight
locomotives of the AIikado type weigh
from 80 to 100 tons on its drivers 90
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-07-08
Zocon0u1e IooN PC & ARR.

try, to 1898. when the Baltimore &
Ohio Railroad company adopted cleo
tricity as a motive power in its Belt
Line tunnel under Baltimore. At that
time the trolley car system was but
seven or eight years old. and while
the cars had done wonderfully, cleo
trical traction for heavy hauling was
an unknown problem and one to be
worked out.
Great interest was evinced in the
first motor that arrived and electrical
experts from all over the country
viewed 1t and watched it work Com
pared with the great motors of to-
day it was small, weighing but 96
tons, but it was. nevertheless. the
germ upon which. or rather through
which, electrical traction power has
been evolved to a high state of eff
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-07-08
ZZze HRel2ZZz

The Kremlin is triangular in shape
and has an area of two square miles.
Here are clustered together the Ca
Cars are crowned, together with the
Cathedral of st. MichaeI's and the
Annunciation and other chapels and
churches. all celebrated for their mar
velous medieval beauty and strange
architecture. The official buildings
are also here as well as the palace of
the Governor General Of Moscow. It
will be remembered that the Grand
Duke Sergius, who held this position,
resided there until few years ago
when he met his death at the hands Of
an assassin just as he was entering
tho Nicholas Gate. A beautiful me-
mortal in the shape of a huge cross
has recently been erected to his mem
ory and stands on the spot where he
was killed.
The Treasury of the Kremlin is
in itself a historic evolution of the
customs Of the nobility as manifested
in costume, arms and means of trans
portation, and one versed in Russian
Court tradition ca. spend days revel-
ling in these rare relics of Russian
antiquity. The rel ository is replete
with all phases of life of the nobility,
from the boots made by Peter the
Great and a magnif cent Iife-lixe re-
production of the perfect horse rid
den by the Empress Catherine, to the
bludgeon which Ivan the Terrible used
in the murder of his son. Coronation
clothes, magnificent Jewels, plates OF
beaten gold in the rar est patterns, old
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-07-08

N the very centre of commercial
Moscow rises the world famed
Kremlin. the most sacred spot In
all Russia, the place where the
Cars are crowned. Custom, born in
the bosom OF antiquity and sanctioned
by superstition which even a strong
ar and more advanced nation could
hardly resist, compels each Gar to
be crowned here, and although Nj
hilism has hourished here as nowhere
else in Russia, although Grand Dukes
have here felt the blow of an out
ragged people, although here the Gear
may fear for his life, yet usage de-
mands his personal presence when as
Stunning the reins of Government as
Gear OF all the Russians. Weak or
strong he has for three centuries
bowed in humble submission to the
traditions of the Romanoff dynasty,
and on the occasion of his coronation
graoed the halls Of the Kremlin palace
with his royal parsonage.
Russian archaeologists are unable
to trace the name Of "Kremlin" to
any certain source. 1t is alleged by
many that 1t is the Tartar word for
fortress and its appearance and en-
vironment are true to the title. Upon
one side 1t overlooks the Moscow
River. from the shores Of which rises
a high wall This is the most pic
turescue part of the grounds as from
this height one gets a splendid view
OF half the great city Of Moscow with
it's winding, irregular Streets its
white, almost oriental buildings, and
immense cathedrals rising everywhere
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-07-08
G1eRL A0L2ezR RaZZNHT
Aoc0z7z0zxTe

upon the tracks of another. hence
each company selected a gage, or
width of track, to suit itself. The
gage as selected by Stephenson was
feet 8 u inches which proved to
be the most practicable and which
was gradually adopted as standard.
In 1878 there were, besides the
standard gage, eleven other cages in
use in this country, the widths vary
ing from five feet to six feet in width.
The necessity for uniform gage be-
came so apparent that practically
every road in the United States and
Canada adopted the standard gage
and changed their tracks to conform
with it. One of the most notable en-
cheering feats on record was the
changing of the tracks of an entire
system of railroad in "a hours. It
is but fair to say, however, that
months had been spent in making
preparations for the change.
Before all of the roads were of
the same gage through passenger
traffic was carried with difficulty. it
being necessary to change whole cars
from one set of trucks to another so
as not to disturb the passengers.
Since the identification of steam
railways begun there have been en-
ployed three different systems: The
continuous. or direct current. gener-
ally known as the third rail-" the
three-phase alternating current with
two overhead wires and the single
/ phase, alternating current, high ten
sion system with single overhead
wire.
A notable instance of the latter is
that OF the New York. New Haven
& Hartford Railroad, the motors and
! controlling apparatus being so ar
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-07-08

the energy so transformed, would
have been to achieve enduring
fame. The facts divide this honor
among q few, the benef1ciartes
viii be tens of millions"
GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE.
I'm less than rs years a new indus
trial and economic situation has
been created by the development
OF apparatus to generate, distri-
butte and utilize electricity. Not less
than two thousand million dollars
have been invested in plants to
manufacture apparatus, in power
houses to generate electricity, in cop
rsr lines to transmit this mysterious
energy, in the construction of rail-
ways and their equipment and in the
manufacture Of products unknown
before the advent of this wonderful
agent of man.
We are all more or less familiar
with the great development of what
are commonly called trolley lines
not only in the cities but in the inter
urban service, how they became the
successors to the cable cars in the
cities and then, like a vast net, en-
veloped almost every section of the
country.
In the interurban service the troll
ley car has become a most important
competitor with the steam railway.
In many instances the tracks of the
rivals parallel and whenever this is
the case the steam road finds the com
petition unequal with the odds in
favor Of the trolley.
The great success Of the trolley for
quick transit and the mobility OF cleo
tricity has so strongly appealed to the
steam railroad companies that a num-
Der have electrified portions of their
roads. The great terminal OF the
Pennsylvania Railroad in Philadelphia
Is being electrified to the city limits
and the trains, as they pull in are
towed through by huge motors. All
of the cars that go through the tubes
into and out of New York are hauled
by electric motors.
II is but a question of short time
when the tunnels of this road that run
under Baltimore will be electrified.
Then will follow the electrifying OF
the great Union Station at Washing
ton. The eQuipping of the links will
then be taken up and eventually the
electric motor will make direct hauls
from the Capital to New York
To date just 10 steam roads in va
rious parts of the world have added
electric motors to their equipment
employing a total Of 242 motors and
operating Att miles of track.
Ia the first days of railroading there
was probably no idea of the inter
change Of traffic involving the use:
Of the rolling stock Of one company
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-07-08

The largest diamond in the wor,a
y -..e EraeAaaza' pelng part of the
=. US Use levels. II weighs 1886
80 -. 80 anu was round IN Brazil in
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1911-07-08

ITO have discovered how to
make an inert mass of metal ca
pable of transforming alternating
currents of 1OO,OOO volts into cur
rents of any required lower volt
age with loss of only a tribe of
the energy so transformed, would
have been to achieve enduring
fame. The facts divide this honor
among a few, the benefictartes
win be tens OF millions"
Evening journal., 1911-04-08
RIFLEMEN ON
STATE RANGE
Squad Of MiIitiamen From
Wilmington, New Castle and
Newark at Targets
WILL PRACTICE EACH
SATURDAY UNTIL NOVEMBER

Outdoor rife practice for the Or
ganized Militia of Delaware began
this afternoon on the State Rife
Range below New Castle The rifle
practice has been arranged for in an
order issued by Major William G.
Ramsey, inspector of rife practice.
Twenty-Five members of Companies
A. c, ID and f of this city. went to
the Rifle Range at o'clock this
afternoon to practice before the tar
gets. A squad from Company II OF
New Castle. and Company Il OF New
ark. also will practice this afternoon.
The rlflemen are In command OF
Lieutenant Frank Harkins. of the reg
mental staff. who Is an expert rifle
man aud IS connected with the DUPONT
Powder Company.
The work this afternoon Will be NJ
the 2O0-yard and the 300-yard dis
tances, slow fire. and there also Will
be revolver practice. As the summer
advances the distances Will be In
creased up to 1000 yards, and there
will be practice from all positions.
Score sheets will be kept of the
records Of each man shooting. No
man shall fire I'm the sharpshooters'
course until he has first qualified as
a marksman or in tho 0Spert course
until he has first qualified as a
sharpshooter.
The rife practice will be conducted
each Saturday until November 30.
Evening journal., 1911-04-08
HARRIS IS THE
GOLDEY MANAGER

AT a meeting of the Goldey College
Athletic Association II. Harris was
elected manager Of the baseball team,
and R. c. wilkins, Of Eastville. Va.
was made captain. Wilkins is a pitcher
and an all around athlete. coming from
the Randolph Macon College. Man
ager Harris has booked Wilmington
High School for the opening attraction,
which will be played at Front and
Union street grounds on next Tuesday
afternoon, and a large crowd of the
college and High School rooters is ex-
pected to be ON hand to root for their
tavorite team.