davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1911-09-22

Karl Marshal, merchant of
Charleston, Mo, was In the city yes
terday en- rote home from Chicago
where he purchased stock for his
store.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-04-22

second means: 10x60x2-1,200 revolu-
tons per minute OF the crankshaft
OF the motor which Is about half OF
the possible sped Of attainment under
working conditions In some motors, IL
being true that there are two revolu-
tons or the crankshaft OF the motor
per fire In four-cycle work-that is,
when the motor is designed TO work
on the four-stroke cycle principle: In
other words, when there Is an ex-
plosion, SO called, after inspiration
and compression TO be followed by a
scavenging stroke, making the cyclic
relation (a) suction, (b) compression,
(c) power and Id scavenging This
makes one cycle per stroke, and thei o
are two strokes per revolution, SO
that II takes two revolutions OF the
crankshaft TO AFFORD the four cycles.
ITO the average motorist this cyclic
relation in a motor Is Greek For a
better understanding OF what II
means to kindle fire in a tenth part
OF a second, let the reader go home
and ask the servant to kindle a fire
in the furnace In the tenth part OF q
second, and after II burns for an
equal length OF time, let him quench
the fire, draw out the ashes and then
relight the fire in the same length Of
time; have the servant do this for
hours or even days at time; this is
exactly what happens in the combus-
ton chamber OF each cylinder OF the
motor as II is used in an automobile.
THE average automobilist will lie
quite satisfied II the servant succeeds
in kindling the fire In ten minutes,
nor will he be requested to draw the
fire for at least day Now the fire
that the servant can kindle in ten
minutes will not be tenth part as
hot, nor burn with anything like the
fury that is kindled in the combustion
chamber of a motor, and yet Ii is
hoped that by study and investigation
the efficiency OF the fire In the COM
bustion chamber of the motor may be
increased, not little but greatly.
1T is a great misfortune that bare
ly 16 per cent. of all the heat OF the
fire In the combustion chamber of the
motor Is turned into power to propcl
the automobile, and II is an equally
great misfortune that the rest OF tho
heat, in addition to being a loss, Is
the source of much trouble-neariy
all the trouble, in fine, that motor
Is heir to.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-04-22

other words. the piston, a. II recsdeq
on the suction strike creates q
vacuum. and II IL this vacuum that
causes depression around the noxsle
OF the carbureter. and the lifting
power OF the depression IL SUFFICIENT
TO lift the gasoline up out Of the orr
fee OF the nozzle landing the liquid
in the train OF air that 10 drawn In by
the same force.
When gasoline IL sucked out or
the nozzle into the stream Of air that
Is being taken into the combustion
chamber of the motor II IL In liquid
form. and before IL will form mix
ture with the air that will burn and
give up Its energy the gasoline must
be changed In It's state OF aggrega-
ton from liquid to the gas form. The
process that brings about the change
that Is necessary Il one OF heatings =
that is to say. the gasoline must b
boiled.
There are many types OF carbure1
tors In use and they are manufac<
tured In various parts of the United
States, including Detroit. In each,
however. the principal is substan-
TALLY the same.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-04-22

, In the speed OF a motor, this simple
method Is not practicable. The power
demanded also varies according TO
the condition OF the road and other
conditions. So the use OF a car
buretor has come TO be quite essen
tial
Says well-known trade journal
with reference to the functions of the
carburetor:
Under the circumstances II is
necessary to regulate the flow Of gaso-
line to accord with the requirements
and in nearly every make OF carbure
ter this is accomplished by means OF
a float In receiving bowl, into which
the gasoline enters just as IL Is re
Quired, II being the case that the float
having the properly called buoyance
raises and lowers with the supply
and as gasoline is drawn out OF the
bowl the float lowers with the needle
OF the valve) 80 that additional gaso
line Is permitted to enter the bowl to
take the place Of the fluid that Is
drawn out by the action OF the mo-
tor The force which acts to draw
gasoline out of the fat bowl OF the
carbureter Is called suction; in
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-04-22
GREAT PROGRESS
MADE IN MOTORS
Development of Auto Has Pointed
Way for Perfection of Marine and
Stationary Gas Engines.

Before the advent of the automo-
bile the gasoline engine. or motor, &C.
cupied q comparatively small niche in
the realm OF mechanics. At the
worlds fair in Chicago, in 1898, there
were but two makes of gas engines
exhibited. Compare this showing with
the exhibit at the Michigan State Fair
last year, for example, and you will
get some idea of the strides made in
this industry In Is years and more
especially since 1900. There are IN
use In the United States today, among
the farmers alone, more than 100000
gasoline engines and the output Is in
creasing yearly at a phenomenal rate.
The application of gas power to
vehicles occupied the attention of
mechanics and engineers for many de-
cades before the first practical motor
car was brought out. After that the
improvements came rapidly and the
permanency of this type OF engine
was assured. To bring IL to its pres
ent state Of perfection has required
the best thought of many of the best
engineers the world has ever known,
and greater things are to come. Fol
lowing the principles established BY
the automobile engineers, the manu-
facturers of marine and stationary
gas engines have likewise perfected
their products with most satisfactory
results.
While there is no fundamental diff
ference between the operation of a
marine or stationary engine and an
tafr oh ntNn ffaA h. NJ 70 ~. area
of automobile motors has, from the
very nature of things, come to be a
part of the automobile industry prop
er, the making of stationary and
marine engines continuing as a sep
arate industry. Nearly all the car
makers in Detroit manufacture, or at
least assemble. their own motors.
In the early days Of the auto in
dustry the two-cycle engine was the
only type that claimed attention. The
four-cycle engine, which has now
come into great favor, Is a later de-
velopment.
The motor is the throbbing heart
Of the automobile. A good motor is
source of pride and comfort, bu,
when IL begins to skip and balk and
act up generally, then II is that tile
owner begins to curse his luck and
knock his car to the other fellow
even though the trouble may be due
to his own neglect or unfamiliarity
with the engines requirements. The
great aim, therefore, has been toward
simplicity in motors and some great
things have been accomplished III
this direction.
With regard to the functions of
motor. Automobile says
Delivery of power from an internal
combustion motor comes from llght-
ing a hot fire in the combustion cham
ber burning the fuel to complete COM
bustion. and accomplishing the task
so quickly that new fire is lighted
every tenth part of a second. No: is
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1911-04-22
CARBURETORs ON
AUTOMOBILES
Device Necessary To Regulate Flow
of Gasoline in Motors-Many
Made in Detroit.

The primary function Of the car
buretor, as every owner or user OF
an automobile knows, is 10 regulate
the flow OF gasoline, in the process OF
mixing IT with air, in accordance with
the requirements. II a motor were
to run at constant speed and power.
II would not be necessary to use a
carburetor at all, as the gasoline
would then be required at a constant
rate of flow, and this could be accom-
plished by the simple method of ad-
justing valve so that the flow,
under a certain head" would limit
the flow of the liquid TO that de-
manded by the influx of air at con-
slant rate.
But, owing to the constant change
The Washington times., 1911-08-13
NEARING THE CLOSE OF THE
CONGRESS SESSION.

Another week may conclude the ses
sion of Congress. 1t is as good as Ger,
tain that the President will veto al
the tariff revision measures that may
pass, with the possible exception of the
free list bill. The whole effective work
of the session, so far as concerns tariff
will likely be summarized in the reel
procity bill.
This means, of course, that there
must be another tariff session next
winter. The recess of Congress will be
hardly more than three months, and
then the same old questions, the same
old politics, the same old defiances and
counter defances, will again absorb
the attention of Congress and continue
to demoralize business conditions.
The tariff is going to be revised.
That is accepted by everybody. The
sooner it is done, and the greater the
assurance that it be done in a manner
that will justify its stability, the bet
ter for all involved. We seem, how
ever, to be confronted with an in
definite continuance of uncertainty.
The tariff board is to be made the ex-
cuse for the vetoes; the President
wants to sign only measures based on
data gathered by it. So the tariff
board, equipped with unsatisfactory
facilities for getting information, is
made the excuse for failure to dispose
of questions that ought to be disposed
of as soon as possible.
1t is the insincerity of this demand
that does most harm to the whole idea
of tariff commission. The strongest
insistence on the policy of waiting for
the tariff board is displayed by men
who never wanted tariff commission,
whose opposition made it impossible to
provide for a real, effective one, and
who now use the shadow of such an
institution as an excuse for delay,
which means standing pat a while
longer.
When the tariff board shall have at
last reported, Congress will proceed to
make its own revision. The board is
not going to be taken over seriously.
1t will be an excuse, a pretext, rather
than a mentor and a guide.
President Taft will veto the tariff
bills, perhaps sincerely believing that
he will get better revisions later be-
cause of the present vetoes. 1t is diff
fcult to believe that his expectation
will be justified by results. We will
get, at last, not better and more perma
nent revisions, but a long delay which
can only be unfortunate for the busi
ness of the country.
The Washington times., 1911-08-13
SIXTEENTH STREET
APEX OF MEMORIAL

To the Editor of THE TIMES:
1t seems we'll settled in general opin-
ion that the ultimate completion of the
Lincoln memorial will be the construc-
ton of a great national highway from
Washington to Gettysburg. 1t seems
logical to select Sixteenth street as the
apex. due to the benefcence for many
years of an estimable lady and the CO.
operation and generosity of Congress,
which gives it a formidable precedence.
In view of these facts, why not ex-
pend within the District the present
appropriation of s., ,000, 900 in erecting five
great gates, one for Lincoln on Merid-
ian Hill and four lesser gates at points
convergfng thereto, the four compan-
distinguished generals of the civil war,
selecting two from each side?
To group with Lincoln those who
were prominent in the great conflict
would be historical lesson and add in
terest to the principal that was in the
conflict. 1t would also stand as an
eternal lesson to the American people
of the greatness of the cause that was
fought for, and last, but not least, the
present greatness of a people who have,
regardless of victor and vanquished,
agreed that now all Is WE'LL, and the
peace and harmony reigneth throughout
the nation.
These gates would afford the greatest
possible fulfillment of art in shaping in
bronze the story typifying the most
memorable parts of the great conflict
between the blue and the gray.
ELIJAH E. KNOTT.
The Washington times., 1911-08-13

growth, and would not flourish. But
as time went on, and as outrage after
outrage, such as the Haymarket mas
sacre in Chicago, occurred, that could
be directly traced to the murderous
teachings of the followers of Karl
MARI, it began to be seen that II w.s
not to be waved away with a flip of the
hand.
Then it seemed that the doctrine
added only disgruntled union men Of
the type of Debs, who have only hate
and discomfort in their hearts. But
now, with a Congressman, with about
twenty members Of State Legislatures.
with their influence in all this recall
heresy, and with their followers run
ming one large city and thirty-eight
small ones, it is time to look out.
And now comes this intercollegiate
business. 1t is a sign of a decadent
time. Already in our colleges are being
taught infidelism and atheism. The
Bible is out of date in the colleges.
And now comes socialism. 1 think it Is
time to call a halt,
1 am a good American. I love my
country and it's institutions, and l
abhor the attempt to give 1t over to
those who would abolish religion, do
away with the home. discard mar
riage, and destroy private property.
We could cope with the ignorant agi-
tator, we could deal with the discon-
tented workingman, but we had better
look out when the educated person
arrays himselt/against the institutions
that our fathers fought and died to
establish. SAMUEL FERGUSON.
The Washington times., 1911-08-13
PLENTY OF VEGETABLES
TO BE HAD AT NORTH BEACH

To the Editor OF THE TIMES:
Please permit me to correct the state-
ments in your article entitled. Camp
ers Are Facing a Vegetable Famine"
1 have twenty-One bOarders in my
small cottage and we have not lacked
for vegetables. What 1 cannot obtain
at North Beach carry from the city.
The farmers about North Beach
charged a high price for tomatoes last
Saturday. but 1 bought elegant cante-
loupes and watermelons, corn and beets
as cheaply and much fresher than we
obtain them in Washington.
We also bought here last Saturday,
buttermiIk-the real thing-cottags
cheese, honey and eggs. Chickens
have been cheaper here than in WASH
ington all the season.
Our farmers or their wives do not
come every day but always every week.
There is scarcely any vegetable to be
had in the Washington market that
have not bought at North Beach this
season.
We have a great many more people
than ever before but no famine. A
boat from the Eastern Shore comes
three times a week with abundance OF
vegetables.
CYNTHIA E. CLEVELAND,
North Beach
The Washington times., 1911-08-13
THE BLACK WARRIOR POWER
MEASURE.

A sharp controversy having arisen
over the Black Warrior river water
power bill, it is particularly important
that that measure should be passed in
the right form. 1t will establish a
precedent which may become of great
Importance, even the basis of a ma
tional policy in dealing with powers.
The bill in the form it now presents
ought not to pass. 1t proposes that a
great dam shalkbe built, and that the
power developed shall be given for fifty
years to a particular corporation
named in the bill, at 81 per horse
power per annum. No fiat rate ought
to be fixed for such a period; especially
no rate so manifestly certain to be in
adequate. But this is not the most
serious objection. The fifty-year
franchise will in effect be an interim
nable one. 1t will be exclusive for
fifty years, which is too long; after
that it will continue indefinitely unless
Congress shall revoke it. 1t will be
parallel to the indeterminate franchises
held by the public utility corporations
in Washington; dependent on the af-
The Washington times., 1911-08-13

World Laughs With You," ETC., must
be added "The Washerwoman's Song,
which has been attributed for many
years to the late Eugene Ware, prac.
tically without dissent.
But now comes John r. Kendrick, OF
Philadelphia, who deposes that the
first known copy of verses was found
on the back of a used envelope dis
covered in a room in the old National
Hotel, in Atlanta, Ga. The room, it
is said, had been used by a commercial
traveller and after his departure the
lines were found. On their first ap-
pearance in print, thirty or forty years
ago, it is alleged that they were
credited to Anonymous" and as such
went the rounds of the newspapers for
many years. Mr.. Kendrick is one of
the people who keep a scrap book, and
the copy he has preserved, yellow with
age, and dating from the period of
reconstruction, sets forth the National
Hotel story in full.
He points out that Eugene Ware did
not come into prominence until he was
appointed pension commissioner by
Theodore Roosevelt, and he says plain
ly that he would be very much better
satisfied if authentic evidence were
forthcoming to show that Ware was
really the author of the poem.
There is at least one thing which
may be said in favor of 'The Washer
woman's Song" and that is that Ware
was certainly the author of other
poems which, while not so popular, per-
haps, as the verses in question, dis
played an equal genius, and hence it
may be presumed that he might have
written those in question. 1t seems
a pity that the issue was not raised
while the alleged author was yet in
LIE. AS it is a dark and vexing doubt
will forever disturb the minds of the
lovers of literary accuracy and another
chapter will be added to the calamities
Of authors.
The Washington times., 1911-08-13

thirty-oGd years of service avails him
self of leave OF absence allowed by law
and Immediately upon his departure
from Washington he is notified of the
abolishment of this division, of which
action he had no previous knowledge,
and the division chief banished on a
pension at $780, with quarters, fuel, etc,
thrown in. This same division chief is
a little later said to have been dis
missed for the good of the service and
got off luckily at that.
It is to be expected that as soon as
the Wiley case is out of the way the
investigation of the Weather Bureau
will begin. Then there should be on
hand a Davis or Hepburn. How mucn
of the conditions being revealed now
would have been uncovered had 1t not
been for these gentlemen?
JAMES BERRY.
The Washington times., 1911-08-13
WANTS THE WEATHER
BUREAU INVESTIGATED
To the Editor Of THE TINES:

To the Editor Of THE TIMES:
II you and your readers are under the
impression that the Bureau of ChemiS-
try Is the only bureau in the Depart
ment of Agriculture that has suffered
from conditions being revealed by the
Committee on Expenditures in the De-
partment of Agriculture you make a de-
cided mistake. over on Rock Creek, away
from the shadows of the department
proper, is the, Weather Bureau, a sort
of principality or dependency that has
no need of a board on personnel such
as so generously allowed DR.. Wiley the
opportunity to resign. Ip the Weather
Bureau no board on personnel recon-
mends, but as occasion is deemed
necessary banishment by decree Is ef-
fected. DR.. Wiley absented himself for
a day, and in that brief period wonder
full discoveries in chemistry are made
by McCabe and his satellites. At the
Weather Bureau a division chief Of
The Washington times., 1911-08-13

firmative action of Congress for termi-
nation. The chance of such action be-
ing taken, in view of the notorious
inertia which involves all such actions
by the legislative power, is small In
effect, the franchise is likely to prove
practically perpetual.
The Sherley proposal to sell the
power for a shorter period-Mr. Sher-
ley named twenty-five years-to the
highest bidder, is good deal safer.
1t would be yet better with provision
for readJustments of the price say
every five years, through some safe
arbitration plan.
Long before fifty years or even
twenty five shall have passed, water
powers will be of an Importance and
value, all over this country that can
hardly be realized today. The avidity
with which ar-seeing and astute in
terests have been gathering unto them
selves the best power opportunities,
suggests as nothing else can, the i'm
mense possibilities in the development
of hydro electric power. Mr.. Roosevelt
saw the bigness of this situation, as
he did of so many other matters
acutely concerning the future course of
national development, and he was in
sistent that the public's rights in the
future must be preserved. The veto
of the Rainy river bill, the insistence
on protective provisions in the James
river bill, are landmarks in the cam
paign to establish a proper public ap-
probation of this great national re.
source.
The riches of the public domain have
been squandered for three generations
largely because there was SO little ap-
probation of their Importance. There
can be no excuse of that sort for in
stituting now a policy of throwing
away our national wealth in water
power. Its extent is pretty accurately
understood, it's value is attested by the
enthusiasm of the exploiters who would
seize it. Congress should not make
such a mistake as is threatened in the
Black Warrior measure; and if it does
make that mistake President Taft
would do we'll to turn loose his ready
veto making apparatus.
The Washington times., 1911-08-13
WHY THIS SECRECY
ABOUT BOOKMAKERS ?

To the Editor of THE TINES:
Ts there any good reason why the
malefactors in alleged ''bookmaking,
ETC., among the police should be. so
hemmed in by secretive protection when
honest persons are often unlawfully ex-
plotted? What meat do these Caesars
feed upon which makes them i'm
mune that so strong a protection should
be thrown around them? Let the light
shine, and, if wrongdoing be the real
question, bring the culprits forth, and
in the endeavOr to do justice chat rare
and beautiful quality, give some other
causes, now shrouded in mystery and
intricacies and intrigue, a show also,
for exploitation; that right in SO far
as It may be rendered and recognized
in grave wrongs, may have its inning.
A r G.
The Washington times., 1911-08-13
STREET CARS SHOULD BE
EQUIPPED WITH AIR BRAKES

To the Editor of THE TIMES!
The statement in The. Times of recent
date by E. H. Morrison that the street
railway companies should be required
to have their cars equipped with air
brakes is quite right.
Air brakes are much better than hand
brakes, and for that reason street rail-
way companies in other cities have
their cars equipped with air brakes.
We all know that these new pay-with-
in cars they are installing are one of
the finest tyres of cars there is in the
country, but-:it looks like a shame to
have such a car as this running through
the streets Ss,Washington with simple
The Washington times., 1911-08-13
ALARMED BY MENACE
OF COLLEGE SOCIALISM

To the Editor, of THE TIMES:
I notice in your paper Of August 10
that a society has been formed by
college men in Washington for the
purpose Of propagating socialism. 1
am very greatly surprised that you
allow this announcement to pass with
out comment. 1t is a significant fact
this college Socialist society, and 1t is
not sufficient that we allow 1t to pass
with bare mention.
One of the most sinister facts Of our
time is the spread of this imported
doctrine of socialism. For a while it
seemed that it was merely an imported
The Washington times., 1911-08-13

lagher. And since Congress has made
1t a statutory offense for any amuse-
ment manager to refuse admission to
the wearer of that uniform, 1 can see
no reason why the Department of JUS
tlCe cannot prosecute offenders under
this statute"
That was the sort of clinching argu-
ment she put up when she saw the At
torney General, and in speaking to him
of the incident in the theater which
started her efforts she said:
81 noticed two clean healthy, happy,