The evening times. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1906-1914, 1911-10-10

notion that there is no poverty M,
pauperism in this state. 1 have asked
the members of my classes for YEAR
the question, rs there any pauperism
IN North Dakota?' and have been met
almost invariably with the answer.
state may indeed make such state.
ments but they should not be made
by honest citizens. We may admire
loyalty but we must deprecate
the ignorance or honesty of such per.
o ~
Average Expenditure High.
- nave been gathering a few facts
Ieiative to the mount Of pauperism
IN some Of the counties Of the state
as I have gone about. I have gone to
the auditors books at the county
seats and compiled the data of COUNTY
expenditures therefor. Only a few
counties have been investigated thus
far, but they give some indication of
what exists in the state. 1 will state
Barnes :.....1ses.io:... sIa sseoe.es
Grand Forks. 1909 800. 20.S27.17
Stutsman ....1909-10...., 1~3.034.la
In round numbers these four
counties expend annually $40, 700 in
public relief work. This is an aver
age will doubtless be too large to
apply to all The counties Of the state.
But suppose we reduce It by ma.
half. making an average of $1,000.
which l believe is a conservative es.
innate. We have 40 counties in the
state. This would give US a total of
sS0o.ooo expended annually in thi.
young commonwealth. Outside Of
this there Is considerable voluntary
assistance given. The total Of volun-
tary n legal relief Is probably not
Tar from a quarter Of a million dol
Causes of Poverty.
summing up the causes Of poverty.
IN concluding his address DR.. Gillette
said:
"If I were to seek to make mora
general scheme I should give as the
chief. causes, heredity, which predis-
poses to weakness and makes the Der.
son susceptible as a victim of pre-.
vailing conditions; economic condi.
tons. which determine both the pos
sibility Of employment and the in.
come to be derived from it: associa.
tional and cultural conditions. which
are responsible for the training and
forming influences which are brought
to bear upon the child in the home.
the netghborhood and the school. rec.
ognizing that the chilli is the product
OF all the influences both good and
bad which surround him; sanitation OF
sanitary conditions, which determine
whether the person shall be subject to
germs and weakened by the inroads
Of diseases: we must recognize hat
the period Of childhood Is especially
important in the making of paupers:
deficiencies in the home, the failure
to give the child something useful to
do to create habits Of industry and a
training which q position for
him and keeps him in tt; bad asso.
ciates IN the n~eighborhood, which lead
him astray and inculcate habits OF
loafing and vice; educational deficien.
cies. which comprehend the failure OF
the schools to do anything positive in
the way Of setting the child up as a
self-supporting citizen; and the fail
ure to attend to the physical condi-
tons Of the child, allowing defects
to check his development and sap
his vigor. These are coming to be
regarded as fundamental causes in
the production Of paupers. These are
conditions which form and shape the
child into a being unfit to carry on
his part in the work of the world"