New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1911-03-12
Literary NeSe'S ana Criticism

but he did not understand that un-
der the new system and the estao-
lishment Of popular rights he could still
be as powerful as kinglike. as under
the old system Of divine right. So
governed by his sincere. narrow piety
above all else. he plotted The forma-
ton of the republican party In France
was one OF the direct results Of his
character and attitude. Continuing. Nj.
Aulard says:
That the France OF l7Ss did not want q
republic is proved and evident.
have searched thoroughly. and nave
found only one Frenchman who al TINS
time called himself republican. VA, va
written at the end of June. 1889, ana
placed on sale on July Il following he
declares his preference for republic be 90
fore a monarchy Up , I,r, June had al
relied Camille to the monarchy. But the
"Royal Session" dsilusioned him.
All the same. feeling alone In MS
opinions he does not insist on the lIlin me
date upheaval and we shall soon see him
assisting the patriots who, like Robes
pierre, are seeking to better the monarchy
1t is not till after the fall OF the Bas-
tile that the purpose to exclude the
proletariat from active participation In
the government Of the country becomes
plainly discernible. In July OF that year
Sleeves read to the committee Of constl-
tuition paper in which he distinguished
between natural and civil rights ana
political rights. or, as he called them,
Iassive and active rights While not
saving so explicitly, he was unmistak-
uly pointing to property suffrage. Even
before the property qualification-the
rule Of the bDurGcDiSie-had been voted,
the party Of the people sprang up, Marat
Icing its first spokesman in LAmi du
PWple. The programme was to obtain
the suppression Of the property require
ments, and an amelioration Of the more
anti-democratic results Of the bourgeois
system Just established. The first use
Of this old word in its modern connota-
ton NJ. Aulard finds in the Revolutions
de Paris of March SIP, 1871:
The bourgeois of necessity is anything
but a democrat He is a monarchlst by
instinct sheep also are led by the an,
thoritv of q single individual: nothing VIII
rar. them from the shepherd. who. none the
less shears them so close that ne taxes on
the skin sells them 10 the butcher, or cu's
their threats himself for his own ,malnten-
ance The bourgeois is the same
i'm the scale Of creation we must place nm
between man and the mule He is the link
often cnouEh the stubborn gait OF the mule
and some ines like man he tries TO think
but in this he is not always successful.
The party of the people found Its
leader in Robesrierre. II demanded
universal suffrage. 1t made constant
Roadway though still in the minority, and
one of its wings was the nascent repub-
lcan party. In the spring Of 1871 the
IDEA of a French republic was accepted
even In certain salons Of the nobility
and the upper middle classes. STILL the
discovery OF the dupliCity Of the King.
through the attempted flight to the
frontier. was needed to enighten the
majority, yet clnging to the idea Of a
reorganized monarchy. The declaration
Of "the country in danger dealt an even
harcer blow 10 the throne. But even
then there was at first only a question
Of q change Of dyna sty-the house OF
York or Of Brunswick? The legislative
Assembly lost its grip; II awaited pas
sively the end The democratic republic
was established on August 10. 1892. al
though its official life did not begin until
the following September. II svep, away
King and h0HrPcoiSic; II abolished the
distinction between citizens active and
passive. it established universal suf-
frage or true democracy
There was no solemn proclamation of
the republic. 1t was merely stated. and