davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-09
BACTERIA ON
ROOTS OF CORN
euppIy Sufficient Nitrogen to
Serve Abundantly Their
Purposes When SoU
xs Exhausted.
(By WALTER B. LEUTZ.)

(by WAA4ER q. Leu ~
How the clover acted as a fertilizer
was not known until about fifteen
years ago. Since that time our
knowledge upon the subject has very
considerably increased and every year
now something more is learned.
Leguminous and pod-bearing plants
unaided have no more ability to help
themselves to the nitrogen OF the air
under any circumstances than have
other green plants.
Certainly bacteria existing in the
soil penetrates the soft tissues OF
young roots OF legumes and multiply
within these lively tissues SO as to
form little mass of gelatinous sub
stance. Responding to the irritation
produced the plant builds a nodular
structure about the bacterial invaders.
not unlike the formation Of gall
consequent upon the sting OF an in
sect
Numerous nodules may be formed
on the roots OF one plant and they
have characteristics peculiar to the
species OF plant on which they occuE
In some way not we'll understood
these plants with nodules or tubercles
L. capable of getting SUFFICIENT nitro
gen from the air to serve abundantly
their purposes when the soil has nc
supplies, and when other plants must
die from the want OF 1t.
Either the bacteria are the direct
agents in the process or they aid the
plant itself to do what, without such
aid. it cannot do. May there leg
umes organisms or some OF them be
made to form tubercles or othel
plants for instant maize? Here is
matter of the greatest moment. I'm
| doubtedly they have some times II
the past become adapted to legumi
nous vegetation. There is nothing Il
prevent corn from gathering tubercies
| We know now that corn can b.
very decidedly modified In its chem
ical composition by processes
breeding. Types OF grain can be pre-
| duced in which for instance the nitro
gen percentage is greatly increases
and so a long way improved as foo
for man and beast
IL, in addition to this, Indian cor
can be made to furnish itself. throug
accommodating bacteria. with thi
higher nitrogen content directly tror
the exhaustless storehouses OF the ali
the AGRICULTURAL miracle OF the az
viii have been wrought
No one can predict whether or NJ
] his will ever come to pass. but froI
what Is now known. the endeavor
,ring II to come to pass seems
east worth while
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-09

Feed them whole corn at night, es-
pecially on cool nights. They need a
cropful to keep up the bodily heat
overnight.
Give them table-scraps and green
food at noon. For green food we use
cabbages. mangel-wurtzels. sugar
beets. chopped apples. etc. Onions are
also relished, but they are liable to
flavor the eggs.
Fowls should have plenty of fresh
water, and we never warm it. They
like cool, fresh drink the same as
we do.
Provide a dust-bath SO they may
help to rid themselves Of lice. Use
plenty of liquid louse-killer and keep
the whole pen scrupulously clean.
If a variety of food is given there
is no need of fear about plenty Of
eggs. Do not feed whole grain In
hoppers. Only the ground food. beef
scraps and bran is fed there.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-09

A few undesirable eggs will lowe,
the price of whole crate.
The egg should be perfect in shape
With fresh. clean appearance.
Fowls that are still heavy in mott
should be given q rich oil ration.
The money in the poultry business
is made most often from the eggs
Turkeys should be raised on fresh
ground each year. Diseased birds
should be burned.
Full fed hens. having . we'll bal
anced ration. will lay larger eggs than
mems on stinted feed.
Care is necessary to maintain the
flavor in a choice egg when it is not
eaten as soon as laid.
Some strains of Plymouth Rocks
are particularly noticeable for the
large size of their eggs.
Hens with plenty of exercise and
comfortable surroundings lay heavier
eggs than those in restricted quarters
In feeding green cut bone. allow
one ounce for every fowl in the pen
giving the bone fresh the day It Ii
cut.
When you clean out the poultry
houses don't forget the droppings are
the very finest fertilizer for fruit and
vegetables.
| Hens, while in laying condition, eat
} ing decayed meat or fish. onions. q
strong smelling foods. vii; impart thai
| flavor to the eggs.
l 81 S.
| ers on the back are the favorftes d
the male bird. which 10 showing ~
| much attention to then
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-09
CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE
TANK FOR STORING MANURE
Making Suitable Receptacle
on Farm Where SIX Horses Kept Most
Satisfactory Is C1ay-Tank and
W. Section Of Wall Shown.

We give a plan Of concrete ma
nure tank. and also section through
one of the retaining walls, writes
George F. Weston In the Country Gen.
tleman. in response to query. This
10 designed to take care Of the manure
from six horses on q farm. since
nothing is said about any neighboring
residence or dairy. we have not con-
sidered it advisable for so small sur
plus as is likely to accumulate from
this number of head to suggest going
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-09
CARING FOR
NOTING HENS
Require Large Amount Of Feed
Containing Nitrogen, Such
ae OA1 Meal and
Protein Feeds.
(By ]. BAILEY BRUCE.)

10y y. BALLET DROS1.I
Most people believe that II they
can force their hens to mott early they
will lay more eggs during the season,
but this is not true. Hens that have
molted late will lay more eggs during
the winter than the early molters.
This has been shown by the most
careful experiments, but the facts are
not generally known.
Noting hens require large amount
Of feed containing nitrogen such as
oil meal, meat and other feeds rich
in protein. Noting can be forced by
cutting down the feed of hens as 1t
has been shown by experiments that
scantily fed hens begin Noting ear
lier than those on full feed, but the
former do not finish molting much
earlier.
Starved hens mott more uniformly
than others and this Is particularly
noticeable In hens two or three years
old.
In an experiment conducted by the
Cornell experiment station 1t was
found that on a basis of 100 hens the
fed flock produced eggs to the value
! Of $29.27 more than by the starved
flock.
The total income from all the birds
was @278 for the starved flock ant
$3.50 for the fed flock, difference II
favor Of natural melting for the yea
of about $95.
! A western poultryman of long ex
perience gives his method of CONTROL
ing melting as follows:
As soon as the hens are through
laying he turns them out in alfalfa
feeding them dry bran only. In add
ton. Under this treatment they &c
thin. Then he feeds them nike
ration o. grains and meat. giving
light feed in the morning and all the
win eat at noon and night Unde
this treatment they finish moltin
quickly get new feathers and begi
laying in September. BY October
they are all in good laying conditio
and make a profit through the IA
and winter.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-09
RULE FOR FATTENING TURKEY
Do Not Confine In Fattening Pen, but
Give Liberal Grass Range and
Feed Well.

Here is an old rule for fattenine
the Thanksgiving turkey: Do not
confine in fattening pens, but give .
liberal grass range. They fatten bet
ter If not closely confined. Give them
all they will eat four times q day.
Keep them on the fattening ration for
about three weeks, when they should
be in prime market condition. Do not
feed for twenty-four hours before kill.
ing. says q writer In the American
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-09
Only Peppermint Raiser.

The only successful peppermint
raiser In the United States is said to
be Miss Mary Clark of Berrien. Mich.
She has twenty-eight acres of the herb
and runs her own distillery. which
produces from three to four hundred
pounds OF oil every year.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-09
latter-Oay CareIessness.

1.-The profession is not what 1t was
In our days. 1t is degenerating sad
ly," observed the First Retired Jour
nalist.
Indeed 1t is" agreed the Second
Retired Journalist. "Only yesterday
read an account Of a wedding in
which the bride was not described as
beautiful and accomplished"
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-09

hillside site can be secured for the
storage pit or tank, gravity" sys'
tenn Of loading may be put in by scrap
ing out q road on the lower side, that
will allow the top of the bed OF the
spreader to be little below the level
Of the bottom of tank.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-09

deep and seven feet high, divided
into seven compartments each capa'
BILE Of holding 25 hens.
The front as we'll as all partitions
are of unbleached muslin: no glass
about the house. Every day the
doors are opened for long or short
airing, according to the weather
The open spaces are covered with
wire netting. The frame was built
of 2x4s. It has double floors and
with all interior necessities cost $40
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-09
Fowls Pay Best.

Naturally fowls are healthy, and no
,ther stock on the farm has been 30
much abused. Yet in spite Of all the
Ill treatment they receive they do
much better than any other stock on
the farm of equal value.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-09
HOUSE WITH MUSLIN FRONT
Neat, Comfortable and Thoroughly
Comfortable Building Can Be
Constructed CheapIy.

The illustration gives an idea Of the
neat, comfortable and thoroughly
convenient henhouse I built. Living in
mill town l make use of the cop
yarn heads" These boxes are well
made, 25x28 inches in size. and In
great demand at three cents each.
says a writer In the Farm and Home.
This house Is 60 feet long. ten feet
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-09
Experience Teaches.

Il am the goose that lays the gold.
On eggs" observed the barnyard bird
to the Agricultural who was approach.
Ing with an ak.
Huh" said the agriculturist. How
do l know but you will switch the
package on me and hand me tin egg
full of sawdust?"
For he had read the newspapers to
some profit.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-09
HIS ESTIMATE.

II bought little lawn for the girls
spring dresses today" said Mrs.
Spendit, land here Is the bill for It,"
"Lawn!" shouted Mr.. Spendit. look
ing at the bill. Lawn? Why. wom-
an. you must have bought whole
tarm!"
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-09
White Pekins Best.

White Pekins Best.
White Pekins always bring from
three to five cents more a pound than
common puddle ducks. saying nothing
az eggs for Matching and ducks and
oRAkee for breeders.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-09
F you would know the flavor

YOU would know the flavor
of . pie.
The juicy smell. the spice and taste.
You must be patient till the nery core 10
cool.
Then bite q little deeper than the crust.
Unless some sweetness at the bottom
lie,
Who cares for all the crinkling Of the
pie.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-09

wise a shed over tank. on six by six
inch concrete supports, REINFORCED
with three-eighths-inch iron rod In
each corner, and inserting half-inch
bolt and washer in each for tying down
rafter plate.
The sides are REINFORCED concrete,
q cheap foundation for which can be
made by breaking field rock In the
trenches for the first four-inch layer.
grouting same with cement grouting'
then continuing to all in the layers
with roughly-broken rock, and grout-
ing solid. Each layer should be set
tied lightly. The walls should DO
made from fairly rich mixture. say
one part cement. two sand. and four
Of screened gravel.
The most satisfactory bottom for
this tank will be layer OF clay. thor
oughly puddled, and about four inches
thick The seepage will not be ma
terial. and there Is quite saving IN
first cost. II Of concrete. there 10 dan
ger of the bottom heaving during win
ter, unless 1t is kept covered with ma
nure. Anyway. 1t will be we'll to try
the clay, as the concrete bottom can
be added at any time.
The labor Of handling the manure
on a place where many animals are
kept is much heavier and more cost
~ Job than many would believe who
have not kept an account, and II
should be lightened in every way pos
sible. One method is to use manure
carrier, and unload direct from thii
into the manure spreader. Where
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-09
Produce Fine Meat.

Produce Fine Meat.
With alfalfa pasture. corn 10 the
only thing needed to produce the
finest Of beef and pork.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-09
Where He lsLackino,

1T is pitiful to hear old Lusher talk
when he is intoxicated" said the Sym.
pathetic Person.
"Yes. indeed" agreed the Individual
who reads Realistic Stories. Yes. in
deed. He does not speak with the cor
rect dialect Of intoxication at all"
Ar<&7-<>
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-09

One Of Wars Horrors.
We do, not think that Italy
Is acting very prettily
In telling Turkey simplify
She wants to gobble Tripoli.
The Blackfoot optimist. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1907-1918, 1911-11-09
|UeKVfGnEN


ONE people are always grumb-
~ ling because roses have thorus.
Let us BE- thankful that thorns nave
Of trouble at q time. Some people bear
three kinds-all they have had, all they
have now. and all they expect to have.
Well. he was q brave man who nrse
did eat an oyster.
The Ketchikan miner., 1911-12-01
EDITORI AL p A c E

you reader thoroughly consider all that the First City Alaska signifies US: What is today and what it means 70 in the future:
 With the exception who go the far north who Alaska receive their first grand old territory when they reach Kechikan Generally speaking all who come here will make good citizens Those who leave the east condon get routine when taken whole different class of of people those who in the They have energy spark of life something better They are people who will love beautiful marked contrasting of Alaska Our magnificent caDped mountains beautiful waterfalls bounding ing creeks teemng with the finest of fish, all these
 appeal those having the spirit of the true pioneer
 Ketchkan the First City in Alaska must welcome these pie responsible for the first impressions. Let found wanting We the reception committee Let IS have our good all the time Let convey feeling of welcome to the strangers.
 In other ways benefited by favored location. new route for westward already being adopted by steamship companies namely calling Ketchkan and thence direct to Cordoya When the G. T P completed Rupert will be used still Vessels for the calling the terminus of the Grand Trunk pass this way in general course for Nome, Cordova Valdez
 movement is on foot looking awakening of he Kechkan Athletic Cluba which should with the approval support of We informed intention is dispose Of enough stock raise cash to club house and gymnasium the ball grounds According who have the close hundred already sgnifed their intention
 est themselves in the undertaking dollars and
 time that the deal through With the restrictions o outside during all too brief
 which the exgences of climate chance for indoor absolutely this be furnished only through gymnasium conducted along proper lines by terested parties. Help the move along
The Ketchikan miner., 1911-12-01
} NORTHERN LIGHTS

People living on the "Reserva- tions near Valdez, have decided on q plan to drive the glacier stream. which has repeatedly damaged property, back into it's bed. Each resident of the sec tion will contribute five days la Dor to the undertaking.
 The government wireless sta- ton at Kodiak works in fine shape. The inhabitants of that burg receive daily the news of the world, gathered from the Cordova station, the Nushagak station. and passing steamers equipped with the apparatus.
 Camp Valdez of the Arctic Brotherhood is planning the erection of a new hall to house the order and also to meet the future needs of the town. The cost of the edifce will be in the neighborhood of 5000
 Senator Jones resolution pro viding for a government rail- road in Alaska authorizes an inn mediate survey to determine a route from Controller bay to the Boring river coal fields. Also a line to the Matanuska coal lands.
 They will not stand for any Salomes in Panama City. A squaw dance that was adver- tised as 'peacherino" was sched- uled to take place in Tanana re- gently, but was censored by the United States marshal. The marshal said that there "ain't going to be no Indian Salomes when he's around to put the ban on it.
The Ketchikan miner., 1911-12-01
Among the Churches

FIRST '. :. CHURCH. Sunday Church serrics II g. II. ard I:3Jp. II.
 We6nssday Prayer Ns4sl-g 7.30 Friday cnoir meets : o'clock First and third "Wednesday atter- moons al ? .39 Ladies Aid Soc:str.
 T. ". Kitchener. Pastor.
 CATHOLIC CHURCH. Sunday Mass q D a. n. ~nday Mass arz- Sunday in month. ss s Q. m
 Sunday school after mass. Week daF mass at :Qo a n.
 SAINT JOHNS CHURCH. R CT. Ro5e-. E9sll Roe, priest in charge
 Sunday: 2 n. Hol7 Commpnion. e:a5. Nat.Ts Sunday School. II: e. Maths lIst. Sunday, Hol! Communionl ard Sermon. I2I5. White sunday School. 3 ?. n. Nzsirs Service. ,. IT. ETe7so1y and Sermo1. Weduesdsr .5o ?. IT,, Native Ser vice.
 Sasurday : 20 ?. 'o. J. 4. s. 7:39 D. ID. Choir practice. Meeting oi yestry first Monday night in mc1sh Women's Guild, 6 rnate ThufaEa1s Z:s1.
The Ketchikan miner., 1911-12-01
HunOr and
 Philosophy
PERT PARAGRAPHS.
By DVrcAN h. SMITH

SOME men are so busy trying to keep from overlooking any bets that they entirely overlook their legitimate duties. God resolutions are all right, but many of them have extremely weak constitutions.
 II isn't easy to work. but in the long run t is harder not to.
 You can't hide yourself from mis- fortune, So you might as well come ouE into the open and gain what strength combat cas giTe-
 Ton need ;o keep your eycs open unless yon want ar expert to open them f0T yog.
 l. is wise 10 cultivate a taste for nk- ing what you have.
 Ideas. like poets. are born. not made.
 Assistance is a good thing. but 1t isn't in Il with persistence.
 Arrogance is powerful, but it gets 10 help when 1t is down.
 i liar needs to be person of great mental resources.
 ETery husband fatters his wife by experimenting her on her ability to train him
 f1u may not be world beater, but you can do your best to beat the band. Sometimes opportunity merely whis- t'~s in the street as 1t goes by.
 It's easier for some men to work thsn to play-f they are well paid for r.
 When hospitality is in the Iatchstr1ng is out.
 Luck is never enamored deeply Of timidty.
The Ketchikan miner., 1911-12-01

STENOGRAPHER, IA years experience, wishes employment. Address Mrs. Nelson Gibson, Newtown, Ketchikan.
The Ketchikan miner., 1911-12-01
PERT PARAGRAPHS.

Don't worry over the misfortunes of others. They are busy at it, and you might overdo the job.
 The galIows bird roosts in some old family trees.
 The man who has no use for money isn't popular with the boys.
 It isn't always easier to forgive than to deceive. ing for something he knows he can't find
 Some terribly expensive things aren't in the least desirable.
 If you aren't sorry about yesterday you aren't worried about tomorrow.
 The difference between obstinacy and frmness is often the difference be- tween you and me.
 The man who hasn't a cent is the one who is dead anxious to pass as a millionaire
 Marriage Is lottery, and the fellow who has capital Is the one least apt to get prize.
The Ketchikan miner., 1911-12-01

WANTED - Three furnished rooms for housekeeping. Apply at The Miner.
The Ketchikan miner., 1911-12-01
Real Estate Transfers

The following Real Estate transactions were made in the past few days by Powers & Co.
 B. A. Eardley to A. W. Thom. as & C. Lot 22.. Block l New town Addition; Consideration >1000.0O.
 Powers & Co. to Nel Gibson Lot 21 in Block 1 Newtown Ad- dition; Consideration S550.00
 H. P. Harpham to Kazis Krauczunas Lot 10 in Block 13 Grant Street; Consideration S2250.0O
 A. ". Thomas to B. A. Eard- ley waterfront property on Wa ter Street known as the Gurney Dock; Confederation S1500.00.
 You can't keep a squirrel on the ground in a timber country. No more can you keep a good town down that has resources and a few optimists. We know that Ketchikan has great resources, and believe she also has a few Optimists.
 Moral, get busy. Oh! you Commercial Club.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-05-26
Up-The-River
News OF 6ienrowa. WarSood
and loseiand.
Clean Beach To-Niaht.

This evening Is clean up time at
the WarwOod bathing beach and
Riverside park. and a large number
OF men. under the direction of W r.
Helfenbine, will endeavor 10 clean
every twig and bit OF rubbish from
the river shore and bank at the beach.
number OF snags and large stones
will also be removed from the river
bed II possible.
The beach will benefit the whole
community. and as the women have
agreed to raise money enough 10 build
bath house and make other i'm
provements. II is up to the men to
show that they are not lacking IN
civic pride by aiding in the work this
evening. Every able bot>-d man ana
boy in the up-river district. IL invited
10 be al the beach this evening with
picks. shovels. maddocks and other
tools TO aid in the work OF cleaning
up.
The Woman's Civic League will
hold a meeting next week to plan for
a formal opening OF the beach. They
expect 10 hold the exercises in the
evening and make IL an affair to be
long remembered.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1911-05-26
COMMENCEMENT
10 Held At the Morgantown High
School and Big Class Re
ceive Diplomas.

SPECIAL Dispatch 20 tu~ fntciIireucer
MbkGANTOWN. ". Va. May 27.-
The annual commencement exercises
Of the local high school we're held to-
night a. commencement hall and the
program rendered is appended
Recessional The CRUSADER.
Prayer Rev Frederic r. Briggs.
Grafton Earl Lazier Miller.
Music-'Land % Greatness "arrarg
cd from Lucia de Lammcrmoor. by
BOnizefte-Gi Girls Glce Club.
Grafton The Birth of West Vir
ginia Earl Davis
Plano Solo "Iiguonnc." Hungarian
thapsodle by keellng Nellie Brown.
Grafton Moving Pictures" Clara
McCreery
Reading Selected Blanche Myers
Violin Solo hungarian Melody hy
Keller ucla Mary Ollie
Grafton Public OpiH 'ou Wayne
CoOmbs
Grafton Different WAYS ~ Look.
INK at Common Things Ethel Casio
Grafton our Heritage" Edna
Caste
Music" Goodnight. Beloved" by
TirsuI Male Ocfcfte
Grafton The Fricndlincss o. Fire
Olive Weaver
Vocal Solo "iaymakine by Seed.
ham Nirrua g. Nuivoy
Presentation ~ Prize.
IrtsrnfHuon of Diplomas