Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1911-08-11
NEW TYPE OF NEGRO FORMED
Marked Changes In the Race Observ-
ed In the South,

| MARKED CnanqeS IN the mace OpseTN
ed In the South.
| The census figures for 1910. says
New Orleans letter to the New inrl
$un, show that the negroes increase,
slowly in numbers during this decade
and that they are making for th'
towns. In the rural districts of lh'
| south the increase Of population VA
only S.3 per cent for the negroes, a
| against lI.5 per cent for the prrvi"u
decade. and as against lI.3 per Crn
| for the whites. I'm other words twice
as fast aS the negro population in The
country districts.
This was not wholly unexpected. Il
| the census of 1910 had covered tn,
| question of the admiXturc Of the races
~ the rnumerationS i'm amtebellun
| times did. il would have brought t
| light remarkable chronological fact
| namely that the southern negro i.
getting blacker in spite of the miXtur,
| Of blood and that there is rapidly be-
ing formed a homogeneous n"Sroio
| race. fDlllli'l ctllSuStS ulNl'ltl wv
| negroes into uctOroUnS. quadrOonS
mulattus and blacks. Later these dis
| tinctiumS We're dropped and the claSSi-
| licaliulls of cOlorrd. that is those of
| mixed race. and negroes were subSti-
| tutcd. Finally, all negroes, whether
| full blacks ur not. were enumerated a.
| rulurrd because of this classification
| the census figures do not reflect the
| change now going ON among the ne
GruuS as Il race.
Louisiana is whitening very fast. 1t
had Il negro majority in slavery days
and for thirty years aftrrward, and
| this was the case with New Orleans
until 1851. it being the only large
| American city ut the time with more
n, grurS than whites. The census vi
1900 showed Il white majority of 80,
900; that Of 1910 will show Il white
maJOrIIy III l3O,OOO.
| Inc whites have been gaining OH
the negroes, slightly through Immi-
grafton ami mainly through natural
| increase, especially Of the french
| speaking population. OF the twenty
eight parishes of south Louisiana III
which the people Of french origin are
numerous, majority had more ne-
| grurS than whites when emancipation
| came. Today all but five Of them nave
| white majOrItieS and these maJOrities
| are steadily increasing.
| There is some drift in the same di-
reCtiOn in the northern part oi the
state. but there it is due largely to the
negro exodus to oklahoma, ARKANSAS
ANA other states CAUSED by the inva-
sion of the boil weevil.
Eut this change is minor matter
compared with the tendency of the
negroes 10 become Il more homogene-
Gus race. different from what they
were i'm Africa or from what they We're
| ia the south in anteDellum days. The
type is markedly different, and the
difference is most apparent in south
| ern Louisiana and especially III New
| Orleans where the conditions have
been such as 10 develop this type.
only in Louisiana was the fact
| rec ugmiZed that the negro slaves inn
ported into the country were not all ot
| the same tribe or race. AS matter ol
TACT the slaves We're Of different tribes
and differed in language, form and
even color There We're yellow, black
| and bronze negroes, even some Gallas
and others mixed of an Arab type;
there were straight haired negroes and
no, Il few persons of dark skinned
races were Smuggled in among the
| negroes proper
All the earlier Louisiana records
| classified the negroes according IT,
| their tribes. and up 10 the extinction
| of slavery the Louisiana title deeds
| continued To specify the kind Of negro
sold. He WAS 4 negro Naru OF OI the
Nard nation, Il Senegal negro, Congo
| negro. Il Mamdinsa negro, etc. Since
| the abolition of slavery all these tribes
and races have 50 intermarricd that
the. race became III time composite.
| including all the black tribes Of cen
| truI and southern Africa, with prob
ably Il dash uf Arab blood. Then iol-
lowed Il mixture with American In
dialiS.
As negro rthnolugy has never re-
ccivrd much consideration. although
| the smithsonian institution has issued
dozens Of volumes on Indian ethnol-
ugy. there. is nothing To show what
pruportun of Indian blood WAS Swal-
lowed up in the more numerous ne
grurS The old French and Spanish
crmSuSrS of Louisiana show 4 very large
number of Indian slaves who lived in
the same quarters as the megru,S and
hu disappeared by the force uT anal
gunIatiun. The Indians numbered
| nearly unc-iifth of the slaves.
The disappearance of these tribes
| is mot 81 much due To their extinction
as To the fact that they were swallow
| ,,l up in the large number of the NO.
| grucS and that intcrmarriagr gradu-
ally converted them into negroes
When the Dawes commission visited
Louisiana and Mississippi some years
ago 10 arrange for the division of the
| Indian lands. mainly the thuctaW
lands in oklahoma. amd Ia see that a
proper share WAS awarded Ia those
lmdiHnS who remained behind when
| the rest of the tribe moved under the
Dancing Rabbit treaty to Indian terri
| tory some lO.OOU negroes put III
| claims rs descendants of tn" thnr-
taWS The commission WAS puzzled III
| the appearance of these black Indians
but their claims We're finally disposed
| of 10y tn" fact that il WAS Impossible
| for them To- prove the marriage ol
| their parents and Ia comply with the
| requirements Of the law in other re-
Spr"tS.
In western Louisiana there has al
WAYS been SrriuIlS trouble with the
| ~, uplr known as the Red :one. Whu
| claim to br Indians and who undOubl
rdly have Indian blood but in whom
| the negro features and characteristics
are much NOR" pronounced than tn"
Indian II can be- stated with safely
| that there WAS IN Louisiana and Mis-
| SiSSippi "A considerable mixture of IN
| dian blood with TN" composite Afri-
can. taking him away from amy of the
original type and making him an lnd"-
| African.
Finally cam" the miXtur" with the
| Whites which DE Bow. Il New Orleans
man. attempted to bring out when h''
was superintendent of the census. III
| the census Just brfur" TN" civil war
and again i'm 1870 an attempt was
made to rnum"ratr the nrt"rnnnS,
ulIa,lruunS. mulattuS and negroes sep
arIrrlv. 1t is admitted that tn" work
| WAS not thoroughly done. for tn" ne
| gro himself rarely has amy knnwlrdg"
| of his ancestry. amh the test of color
while. generally good is not always ar-
| rurHt".
| I'ut even making allowances for
| errors the facts given Wrr" of impnr-
| tHiucr a.. showing the imt"rmiXtur" ot
races The miyturr was c"nl"SSrdlN
| greatest in Louisiana and particularly
| n New Orleans. The last enumeration
| showed that the negro and Culurru