The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-12-12

FULLAWAY
Continued from page nine.)

NODuJluueu from page ulut.J
work later pursued by Ross in the re.
lation of mosquitoes to malaria. Ross
work was done in India, from 1895 to
1898. After experimenting with differ
ent species of mosquitoes for over two
years and getting all the time mega
tive results he finally got hold OF
some Anopheline mosquitoes and eX-
perimented with them. Here he
achieved success, finding the parasites
in the bodies of the mosquitoes and
ultimately trancing them through the
sexual phase of their development
! from the time when they were poured
| into the human body through the mos
quito's proboscs. Later, in 1900,
commission of American army doctors
appointed by General Sternberg, him
self an eminent bacteriologist and
microscopic, intensely interested in
the scientific study of disease, estab-
lished beyond question that the mos
quito known as Stegomyia fasciata was
the agent in the transmission Of yell
low fever, although the specific cause
of the disease has never been ascer-
tained-most likely because of its Ill
tramcroscopic nature. Still later, Drs.
Bancroft and Manson established the
relation of mosquitoes to filariass
showing that the causative agent of the
disease known as elephantiasis, which
occurs extensively in the South Seas
results in an enormous swelling or
hypertrOphy and distortion of various
parts of the body, is a small nematode
worm, which undergoes a part of its
notably c. fatigans and also in s. fas-
ciata. a relation has also been shown
between dengue and mosquitoes by DR..
Graham, owing to the common occur
renee of a spOroZoOn parasite in the
blood of dengue patients apd in the
bodies of mosquitoes investigations
are being made as to the relation of
mosquitoes to other infective diseases.
You will recall the recent work here Of
DTs. Currie and Brinckerhoff. This
subject has so far only been touched,
and we may expect the coming years
to add immensely to our knowledge
along these lines.
Their Artificial Control.
Now as to the artificial control of
mosquitoes. The fact that the imma.
ture forms of mosquitoes are aquatic
and cannot live outside of water, while
at the same time their very existence
depends on a constant supply of at
mospheric air, makes the problem of
artificial control seem easy. The logi-
cal procedure apparently would be to
remove the bodies of standing water in
which they can develop, or to render
access to the outside air impossible.
or to prevent the access of the adult
mosquitoes to the bodies of water. II
is possible to achieve these results in
q measurably satisfactory degree over
a limited area, but it requires the out
lay of considerable money and a great
deal of careful work. For many years
oil was the common remedy for the
abatement of mosquito nuisances.
believe, however, the first experiments
to test the efficacy of oil treatment
were made as late as 1892 Drainage
and screening on a large scale were
not undertaken until comparatively re-
cent years, since the discovery Of the
disease-spreading capabilities of mos
quitoes. The menace which mosquitoes
form to health has been a wonderfully
potent factor in securing a reasonable
interest in crusades against these flies
and the early, more or less successful
campaigns against them in the Cats
kills, in New Jersey and on Long
Island in the United States. in Cuba
and on the Isthmus of Panama, has
increased the interest until it has be
come worldwide, and has stimulated
emulation and a desire to secure SINH