davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1911-09-28
rims te sprsad oypsum.

Gypsum. or 'qand plaster" ought to
b spread on meadows early I'm the
season. when there Is plenty Of mois-
ture present. as 1t requires fully 100
pounds OF water to make available 100
pounds Of gypsum Ii assists material.
y In releasing the potash and making
IL available; therefore on lands that
are supplied with an abundance of
potash which II not very available
plaster may b extrsmely valuablA
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1911-09-28
JUDGE GRosscuP TO RETIRE
Well Known Federal Jur.st VIII Cult
Bench Next Month.

Chicago. Sept. 2o.--After serving
nineteen years as member OF the
federal Judiciary in the Northern dis
trict of Illinois. Peter 8. Grosscup,
Judge Of the United States circuit
court and a member Of the United
States circuit court Of appeals. has
announced his intention of retiring to
private life the first week in October
He will send his resignation to Presi
dent Taft shortly after the meeting OF
the United States court Of appeals.
oct. 3. Judge Grosscup is ffty-nins
years Of age.
4 desire to enjoy more freedom as
4 citizen and resume the practice of
law are given 20 reasons for his de-
cision
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1911-09-28
i arm ano
Garden
ROMANCE OF THE FARM.
Three Institutions Have Made the TILL
ar WEALTHY. Wise and Comfortable.

Three institutions havo mace tho III
er Wealthy, Wise and Comfortable.
The story of agricultural education
in America. like that Of all science.
can be traced page after page in the
great book of evolution, and the amaz-
ing developmentof the industry in the
United States has been due to three
factors-frst, the state agricultural col
leges; second, the national department
of agriculture; third, the farmers In
stitutes.
The American agricultural colleges
had their beginning in revolt against
the so called classical education, but 1t
was never intended, as their eminent
founder pointed out. that they should
be ASSOCIATED from broad and liberal
university training. Mr.. Justin s. Nor
rill, the author Of the Magma Charta
Of Higher Agricultural Education"
more than once stated the real purpose
Of his bill. 1T is perhaps needless to
say that these colleges were not estab-
lished or endowed for the sole purpose
Of teaching agriculture. 1t was
liberal education that was proposed.
Classical studies were not to be ex-
cluded and therefore must be includ-
ed"
The number OF agricultural colleges
now established Is sixty-five; the pres
ent value of their permanent funds
and equipment is $100,0O0.00O. A re-
cent census showed 1888 students.
with 6.997 teachers.
The rise Of the United States depart
ment Of agriculture Is a romance of
the last century. As far back as the
year 1922 a strong effort was made to
transform the mall-some 200 acres
Of land which surrounded the capitol
buildings-then practically a barren
waste. into an experiment farm In
which to propagate new and rare
plants. But 1t was not until forty
years later that the United States de-
partment Of agriculture was erected
on the selfsame spot which had pre-
viously been sought as an experiment
farm.
The alpha and omega of this great
organization is the practical applica-
ton Of modern science to the service
Of the farmer. 1t can perhaps best be
summed up In a homely remark of
Secretary Of Agriculture Wilson. who
on assigning new duties to an expert
said: Don't tell me now about your
laboratories Tell me what you are
doing for the man at the plow, out
in the fields. with his coat of"
Then come the farmers institutes
These wonderful societies are scat.
tered all over America and boast a
members roll of more than a million
mature men and women. These insti-
tutes may be defined as societies es-
tablished for the promotion of agricul.
ture among the farming population"
and they came into being in order to
make the college teaching more prac-
IDEAL and more in sympathy with the
needs Of the farming community. They
have proved a great success and have
done much to speed forward the agri-
cultural industry. Lectures are given
by agricultural experts and practical
farmers, and the meetings last only
day or two at most In this work the
farmers wives and daughters take a
prominent part, and women's insti-
tutes are now established all over the
United States and Canada for the
study of household science.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1911-09-28
Value of Silada.

Since the introduction Of the silo
dairying has made more rapid prog
ress because the silo makes 1t possible
to carry on dairy work profitably
throughout the entire year. No feed
has ever been found that can take its
place
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1911-09-28
The Profitable Dairy Cow.

Don't allow that old reprobate Of a
cow to fool you by giving a profuse
flow Of milk for FIVE or six months.
then going dry. It's the cow that
gives reasonable amount Of milk
from seven to nine months In the year
that you may safely bank on as
profitable member Of your dairy herd.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1911-09-28
Chicago Grain and Provisions.

Chicago, Sept. 23.-Wheat-Sept..
s5Nc; Dec. ss% @s9hc; May, $1.o5%.
Corn-Sept., 6S%c; Dec. 64Ac; May,
66h 066Ac. Oats-Sept., 45%c; Dec,
47%c; May, 49X @50c. Pork-Jan.,
$15.27; May, $15.25. Butter-Cream-
cries. 21@26c; diaries. 171t@24c. Eggs
--15020c. Poultry-Turkeys. lac;
chickens, 11hc; springs. 12hc.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1911-09-28
GRAIN AND PROVISION PRICES
Duluth Wheat and Flax.

Duluth. Sept. 23.-Wheat-To arrive
and on track-No. hard. $1.12; No.
Northern, Sill; No. Northern,
$1.07@1.09; Sept, Sill; Dec, Sill;
May, $1.14A. Flax-On track, in store,
to arrive and Sept, $2.3s; Oct. s2.26;
Nov. $2.25; Dec, $2.17.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1911-09-28

least a quart. Gut
a board round and
a little larger than
the pan and screw
pan A to the
round wood wheel
B. Near the rim
Of pan punch In
some holes as far
apart as you want
the seed. Have n
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1911-09-28
ST. Paul Live Stock.

st. Paul. Sept. 23.-Cattle-Good to
choice steers, $6.50@700; fair to good,
$5.75Q6.35; good to choice cows and
heifers, s4.75@5.25; calves, $5.00@S.00.
Hogs-$6.50@6.S0 Sheep-Wethers.
$325@3.50; yearlings, $3.25@400;
spring lambs. $4.00@5.25.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1911-09-28

a generous farmer wants 9TH
ere to have the benefit Of his
experience and 10 always anx.
ious to assist hIs nelshbor In
svsry way possible. We need
more generous farmers and few.
Or selfish mon who care nothing
for society further than to get
lie protection for themselves.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1911-09-28

Chicago, Sept. 23.-Cattle-Beeves,
S4.s0@s.00: Texas steers. $4.50@6.S0;
Western steers. s4.2507.10: stockers
and feeders. s3.1505.So; COWS and
heifers. s2.2506.2o; calves. $6.o00s.-
rs. Hogs--Light. S6.650710; mixed.
s6.5o07.2o; heavy, $6.lo0710; rough.
IS. lo@S.65; good to choice heavy. So
e607.1o; pigs. $4.0006.l0. Sheep
Native. $2.50@4.25; yearlings. $3.50
l.7o; lambs, $4.oo0e.o0.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1911-09-28
FAMOUS HUMORIST Is DEAD
Charles BatteIl LOOMS Succumbs to
Cancer Of Stomach.

Cancer Of Stomach.
Hartford, Conn, Sept. 25.-Charles
Battell LOOMS, famous humorist, au-
thor and lecturer. is dead at the Hart.
ford hospital. Death was due to can
Ger OF the stomach. The end was
peaceful.
Mr.. Loomis was taken Ill last De-
cember, and subsequently underwent
four operations. During the summer
he was able to be about and wrote
several short stories.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1911-09-28

- ronin = upon the WIG.
no Hazodu a<orns the sprtng:
30 I ouplau6 tha< helpkul thing.
Ths you1g radish
~ blusbsrG ~ ettractiws wayA
SssS sonoul1 shiuob y roundelaya
8ut really prefer q lsaase
The sDring en'ee
- 6era, neausses 40 ~. nm
7rr Shinrs o< mouent ana q vas@
1r1 v1Aof = ~ matter MN
~ nrs( snef1eeHe! .~
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1911-09-28

Minneapolis, Sept. 23.--wheat--
Doc. s1.11A01.11K; May. S115M.
Cash close on track: No. hard. $1.-
l2H: No. Northern. $1.10x 01l1x:
10 arrive. $1.1OA 01.l1A; No. North
ern. $1.07A GLOON: to arrive. Sl.07A
01.osN; No. 3 Northern, $1.oSk01.-
oeH; No. 3 yellow corn. 670eec; No.
4 corn. 6bh 06sAc; No. white oats.
<lK 0l6c: to arrive. &c; No. 3 oats,
<s04sx; barlsy, 76c0s1.1e; nax.
@1.3o; to arrive e1.3e.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1911-09-28
A sesder For q Few cents.

y Seeder FOR Few Cents.
One can make cheap seeder to drop
seed behind the plow In the following
manner: Take tin pan that holds at
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1911-09-28

Name of mortgagor, A. l.. Blomquist.
Name of mortgage and owner of mort
gage, H.. F. Hart. 49,,
The Dickinson press., 1911-01-21
NORTH DAKOTA POTATO CROP IS PROMISING
Interesting Experiments Carried Out at Wulston Sub staton-TabIes Show
Results Of Shallow and Deep Planting, Distance Apart, Effect OF
Il Size Of Seed and Best Number Of Eyes to HILL L

rows, . yield of 22e.e bushels pa
acre was obtained. When so hills
were used "a Q basis in each case. the
results rel exactly the reverse.
The total yield in pounds was then
"a and 20 respectively. Again when
the percentage Of large OF marketable
tubsrs was calculated. those planta0
fasthsrsst apart gave the highest per
cent, being % and 81 respectively.
Different eizss and Number % 6yes
Per Hill.
The ground used In this trial WA
treated the anne a. for the potato
vas1sties. They were planted b9 hand
Nay 10. The eyes were euS from
large uniform potatoes. The 9nall po-
tatoss ranged In size from a inch
% On inch and ons-half in diameter.
These did not show the vitality n the
stalks that the large seed did. Re-
1ssrang to Table XIV. attention IL
called to tho fact that the small po-
tAto seed produced nine per cent. less
Of marketable potatoes than any Of
The Dickinson press., 1911-01-21

Potato growing 10 one Of the most
promising crops to grow In the State
pl North Dakota. The experiments
PARTED on at the Williston sub.station
viii prove Interesting, a. they include
such subjects % depth of planting 20
tatesa. distance apart effect Of sise Of
posA. 10 well ~ the best number Of
~ to Hill. This work was carried
ut ~ Mr.. d. q. gcholander, supsr1n-
tsudsnt Of the station.
0ssfsrsnt ospths Of Planting Potatoss.
The Early White Ohio strajn was
used in this experiment The potatoes
were planted from four to ton inches
leop by hand. May 10. They were cut
three eyes to the piece and planted
ouo piece Per hill. Tho potatoes r.
csavod the same cultivation "a the Va
Ftsties ana were planted in the same
had Of ground. There was q marked
hi6osence between the potatoes plant
I'd four inches deep and those planted
ten inches deep. Table XII. shows
the results:
The Dickinson press., 1911-01-21

tory. The aggregate should be tho.
oughly moistened before it is final.
added and thoroughly in%corporat:
after which the concrete should i,
used az soon as possible.
The proper proportion Of ingre:.
ents to use varies with the quality {
tho cement, sand. and aggregate a.
with the type of construction. For
very smooth, waterproof finish li&
cement, that is cement and waite. :.
sometimes used. A proportion CT !
part cement to g parts sand viii +
found smooth and durable enough ~
the wearing surface of sidewalks =
similar constructions. For general u.e
with ingredients of average good quar
fly the following mixtures are recon-
mended: l cement, 2 sand, 4 ag.:
gate, when great strength. and l.:
nervousness is desired.
l cement, 2h sand, 5 aggregate. l.:
ordinary work requiring moderate
strength.
l cement, 3 sand. G aggregate 10!
WOIh WllSle SLlCiAStI Is " ulluOl Az
portance.
Many people fail with concrete n.
cause they do not realize the diff:
ence between using only sand aI,:
combination of sand and aggregate
| The most economical n!ixtare is ca
tanned by using sufficient cement i,
a mixture to completely i'll the VIC!
between the sand particles md ttci
sufficient of the sand and cement H:.y
ture to fill the vo:ds in the a--greg.-!.
Any cement used in excess @. /;
will add but little to tie sElC".;.! q
the concrete ii the mixing has Cse
perfect. 1t is. however. cIst--.,"" t
allow 10 per cent III excess G =.
amount to compensate. fc:. ilc.:..
mixing.
The best proportion to use wi! g.:
! fer with the quality Of the sand g.
The Dickinson press., 1911-01-21

elder. The hedge to tho left is cara
CANA and. outs the garden in. two, thu
point being to breat t Of tn.
wind which disturbs Is and in
creases the e~vaporatidH the rainfall
there is about eleven inches). : Nc
Watering was done to secure this mag
nincent growth. simply through cult
walton and keeping out weeds.
Notice the bare loose ground. be
tween the vegetables. There should
be q lesson In this for North DakotanR
as our conditions are not az severe<a ~
those 1T Indian Head, either In lacl
Of rainfall or cold, yet the wind-breal
will be q great help and should by ali
means be planted. Trees will grow 50
readily in this state, If they are given
The Dickinson press., 1911-01-21

too, the stream has deposited the sand
more or less in assorted Sizes. which
is not desirable for concrete. River
sand, however, Is often good and may
be used with perfect success.
In addition to the cement and sand,
concrete should contain a portion Of
coarser material commonly known as
aggregate. Aggregate may consist of
either gravel or broken stone and the
particles should range in size, depend
ing on the nature of the construction.
from those that barely escape passing
through the sand screen to rubble of
considerable size. If the construction
is a fence post, for example, no az
gregate that will not pass through a
n inch mesh should be used, If, on
the other hand, the construction is a
foundation or other large mass much
larger aggregate particles and even
small boulders may be profitably
used. Broken stone makes the best
aggregate for the surfaces are clean,
sharp and irregular so that the par
ticles not only interlock well in the
mixture, but the cement is given q
maximum surface on which to adhere.
II the best results r desired sand
and aggregate should always be
screened for that 10 the only way In
which exact proportions and uniform
mixtures can be obtained.
Mixing The Ingredients.
In mixing concrete II pays to have
everything AZ convenient ~ possible
and who're mixing IL to be done by
hand . nat water tight 1aatfosm or
shallow box should be provided. The
sand ana gravel should be piled con-
vsnisptly. 20 that they may be trans
ported to ths platform In whselbar
rows on plank rYnways. Measure tho
sand and dspssit It IN . uaiform layer
on the mixing board. after which
isnrsad the cement on top. Tho 60
.fm4at and sand should DO thoroughly
missed before any water 10 adADd and
lna batch should be made 20 large that
~ L FLE FLT.L EHNhU @-NGf
The Dickinson press., 1911-01-21

md judgment exercised in the selsc-
hon Of materials. the mixing Of these
Ingredients, and the protection Of fe
concrete until It has cured " hard
bnod. -
Selection Of Materials.
There are . large numbsr Of brands
Of Portland cement on the market ana
some are q great deal bstSsr than
others. For farm work choose . brand
that has a reputation for strength end
uniformity. There = two types Of
Portland cement-Quiok setting and
slow setting. Quick setting cement h
necessary whore concrete constTuc-
tons are built in running water. but
tho slower setting varieties attain
equal, If not superior, strength when
hard so that for ordinary farm work
a cement Of the slower setting va
riety ia usually found best.
The sand used in concrete should
be clean, coarse and sharp, and IL 1t
contains clay or humus In any appre'
cable amount it should be washed
before being used. The sand should
be screened through a sieve having a
Y inch mesh and tho particles should
vary from fine to PARSE II the sand
particles are irregular in size and
shape less cement will be needed and
the cement will adhere better to thsil
surfaces. In most localities two kinds
Of sand are available-pit sand and
river said. Sand pits sometimes con
tain clay pockets which should b
carefully removed 30 a. not to be
come mixed with tho sand but pit
sand is ordinarily clean and sharp ant
makes a good sand for concrete con
struction. River sand is usually no
so good, for, during their vi dow
stream the sand particles have bee1
ground against one another until the!
are smooth and rounded so that the!
are in reality small pebbles. Then
The Dickinson press., 1911-01-21

gravel; the mere uneven in size :.
sand particles the less volds there -.
be and the less cement Will CO.;
sQuently be required and, again {
more Uneven the aggregate the :"
cement and sand will be needed I!
fff11l the voids. The desirability OF -:
:terial grading in all sizes from fine /,
coarse is thus apparent.
= The exact proportion of cement :
use with a given kind of sand M
be determined by placing a measu:a
amount of the sand in a tight bo: :
pail into which pour water until
stands even with the sand surfa,-
The voids in the. sand will equal t..
amount Of water used. The voiGs !;
the aggregate may be determined l.
"a similar name and from these :.
servations the proportion of m
sand and aggregate may be calcula;.
As previously stated it is we'll )
add 10 per cent. more cement to &C
pensate for imperfect mixing.
The ultimate strength Of a concr~:
construction often depends upon l.o
well it is protected during the sea-
ing or hardening period. This be-.
when the work is completed and l.: !.
until, the chemical action in the
crete has caused it to set or hara.c-
The period of seasoning varies ".
the temperature and atmospheric
nudity. During dry. hot weather
concrete constructions should be Z.
cred for from six to ten days a.
moisture should be applied. durii.
that time so as not to allow the s,:i
face to dry out. The work should o,
dinarily not be used until 81 days ..
and for concrete fence posts a c-7-,
period Of a" least GO days is desirah'r
Concrete continues to grow strong,
with time and many authorities eli,
that ultimate4hardness is net reac:,a,
ven after a period Of 8 to ~ ye:..;
-gGbw&.y SO #EF
The Dickinson press., 1911-01-21
IE DICKINSON PRESS, ATUKDAY JANUARY FL, 1911
PROPER MIXING AND HANDLING Of CONCRETE
Destined 70 Become Great Substitute for Wood as Building Material on Ac
count Of rs cheapnsss, Durability and strensth-success Depends
Greatly on Selection Of Mater hs and Mixing Of ingredients.

It cannot be disposed of within twenty
minutes after mixing. In concrete
specifications 1t Is often prescribed
that the material shall be turned a Ger.
tain number of times with the shovel
but q better way is to keep mixing 1t
until the entire mixture Is Of q uni.
form cement gray color. The mixture
may then be piled up in a mound on
tho center Of the board and q crater
scooped out in the middle into which
the water is poured. The entire
amount of water needed for the batch
should be added at nee and the mix
ture worked until of uniform cols.s.
The Dickinson press., 1911-01-21

ing room. hot mangle. sprinkler, cleo
trio irons. ironing boards, stationary
tubs. etc.-in fact It has the equip
mont of an up-to-dats laundry. There
10 also q class room laundry whore in
struotaon II given in the best methods
Of washing clothes In the homo.
simple appliances being furnished
such ~ are within the means Of tho
housskssbsr.
The hospital room IL provided with
The different appliances and the stu
dents = given Instruction In how to
handle q patient and the different ap-
paianoss that are used.
. The food laboratories are we'll
equipped. Tho one for the senior
ssr1s has individual electric and eas
stoves, complete equipment Of dishes
and utensils. tile topped tables which
are not affected BY chemicals used
In testing foods for adulterants. pur.,
ity and food value. The Junior food
laboratory has practically the same
equipment. The food laboratory lee,
ture room 10 provided with q demon
st1ation table. gas and electric stoves
and ovsn and the different utensils 10
that the processes involved and meth.
o6s Of cooking and baking can be
demonstrated while tho lecture 10 60,
ing on. !,
On the fourth. floor IL located tho
gymnasium and shower bath. This
room 10 also used for giving instruc.
ton IN physical culture and is q gen
sral meeting place. e
! Tho building 10 finished in dark
The Dickinson press., 1911-01-21

methods should be considered. Plow-
ing requires time than disking.
The ground for this trial had corn
planted on it the previous year in
check rows A inches apart. Tho corn
IL kept clean apd Tee from weeds
by frequent cultivation. AS the field
cropping is kept uniform, the previ-
Gus cropping does not affect the trial
The Dickinson press., 1911-01-21

bearing In mind that warmth has much
to do with the expense Of feeding.
II cholera strikes . herd, there II
but n thing to do; vaocinats ever
i've hog in the herd and do II quick.
No matter which style Of hog ON
wishes to raise, thsrs II every reason
to believe that you viii hnd 4 good
market and satisfactory price for what
you produce.
Keep the animal On your farm
that comes nearest 70 being rom idsa|
OF the type. and do not 10 bAsdi1>d I'M
sslhQg It because the price oaese1
seems unusually attractive.
The Dickinson press., 1911-01-21

: oores hall 10 one OF the most i'm.
posing buildings on tho North Dakota
Agricultural College campus. This
Dsdlding has been erected to serve 10
Q dormitory for the girls and %. .
home for, the homo economics de-
yartment. It ID very complete in IT,
equipment. including rooms for 10
Oizls. laboratories and olass-rooms for
giving instruction in cooking, eew.
~, fabrics, hygiene. nursing and
pS1dnSry. dining-roon TO aeeommo.
Aass 400 people, kitchen sA$oining
WITH, equipment to furnish food for
- many people a. the dininereom
,~nl'acoommodats. and laundry.
Il issA scene ek activity. In The
class rooms very practical instruction
y givsn. In the Laboratories the stu.
4snts must do the actual work 90 that
when they have completed the course
shsy know how 70 prepare practically
6l kinds OF food and how TO make all
Minds Of garments in addition to hav.
ag q thorough knowledge Of fabrioa
nnA how to ss1sot tor quality and dura'
Rnty. Tho course Also includes instrvc
Won In language. history. se3enoe etc
One sst Of rooms Of special Interest
% The familysissd Kitchen. LAUNDRY
md dtning.room. Here the students
~ practise in buying food. preparing
4t and serving On suoh . scale 90 II
done in the home. -Four girls are in
charge Of this for q month at q time
and they have TO- make careful re
ports Of al they do and often times
guests are invited in to partake o
The Dickinson press., 1911-01-21

by n. n. DoLYD, Professor Of Agr1sul.
cultural CopsSe.)
Concrete on account Of it, strength.
rheapnsss and permansnos. II de-
stined to be the great substitute for
wood a. . building material: It 10
yearly being put to new uses until
how It has been found practicable In
Ill conceivable types Of construction
from . dwelling house 70 . row boat.
One a for the popularity Of con-
crete ID. that It requires no special
kill to successfully uss IL In ordinary
constructions. Success With concyste
10 largely dependent upon the care
The Dickinson press., 1911-01-21
VEGETABLES AT INDIAN HEAD
mo Watering Done to Secure Masnifl-
> cent 0rowth-Thorough Cultivation
and Keeping Out Weeds.

The writer made q visit to Indian
Fad on the 22d and 2Sd Of August.
aside from the experiment station,
Jhere nearly all kinds Of garden vsgs-
tables were growing luxur1antly-the
garden Of Doctor Hunt was Of much
Interest, q view Of 1t is given in the
accompanying Illustration. It will be
noticed how thrifty the growth IL.
Cabbagss, oaulihowsr, tomatoes.
horse beans, pole beans, carrots, pars-
lnips, turnips, etc. How was 1t done?