davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Paonia newspaper., 1911-02-17
HINTS FOR BABY's BATH
Pine Kitchen Table With sawed-On
Legs Makes Very Convenient
Platform for the Tub.

Buy just an ordinary pine kitchen
table fitted with substantial legs and
a spacious drawer. The second size
should be chosen for our purpose.
A carpenter will readily saw OF the
legs to a height Of IL inches, for the
table is to serve as a platform to ele-
vate the bathtub. when placed upon
its top. to just an easy. comfortable
height for the mother. when seated. in
a chair, to manipulate the baby with
out STOPPING. lifting or a strain.
In the drawer should be a center
place for washrags. while the side
spaces may be subdivided into several
compartments.
These may contain powder boxes
and bags. and any other things In
baby's toilet.
These spaces provided and the table
cut down to the proper height, the
whole IL in readiness to receive the
embellishment Of paint
A coat of ordinary white paint
should be applied first, followed with
one Of enamel. This last will bear
many washings OF and much wear
without showing DETACHMENT
The Paonia newspaper., 1911-02-17
AZFZES/ OF THE
S Wz4RDR0BE

would be OF the goods and the under
sleeves of plain lawn or a thin silk.
In the way Of coats, would adviss
the mother who likes the doll quality
for her baby daughters dress to get a
pale blue or pink linen or pique for
her baby's summer coat and trim 1t
with coarse white lace. These deli
cately-tinted wraps. made in the
usual sack shape. though with shawl
revers that come to the waist. will be
very smart. and for the hat the coat
material may be used with the head
The Paonia newspaper., 1911-02-17
Roast Jigot Of Mutton.

This may be done In an iron sauce
pan. and does not demand the atten-
ton that open fire roasting does.
Warm the saucepan thoroughly and
rub the bottom with little butter.
Then lay in the gigot. and turn It fire.
quently till 1t Is all nicely Drowned.
then lift saucepan to the side Of the
fire and let It cook slowly till wanted.
It may be salted by pouring salted
water over It Two hours should cook
seven-pound leg of mutton.
The Paonia newspaper., 1911-02-17
When Bakino Cookies.

Whenever you are baking cookies
pin a piece Of muslin over the bread
board, stretching 1t tight Flour the
muslin we'll and you can roll the
dough as soft and thin as you please.
A piece OF muslin around the rolling
pin is still another Improvement.
The Paonia newspaper., 1911-02-17

piece made after the style of the usual
little wash hats with pufYed crowns
buttoned on to a plain brim.
Spring millinery is shown at this
time for children. but the weather is
far too unsettled for 1t to be advis-
able. unless the hat is of silk and very
nearly as warm as the winter one.
Many silk hats in the basket and bowl
shapes liked for young fry are made OF
a dark silk or satin. with a wide band.
finished at the side with a square
bow. of a light embroidery.
The Paonia newspaper., 1911-02-17
Saving the Cake oouah.

1t is rather a source Of irritation to
the cake maker when she cannot get
all the dough out of the bowl. but II
she will use a piece of cardboard to
scrape with, not one bit Of the
dough will be wasted.
The Paonia newspaper., 1911-02-17
Cocoanut Pudding.

Crate two cocoanuts. one-quarter
pound butter. three-quarter pound
sugar. yolks of four eggs; mix the but
ter and sugar. then stir in the cocoa
nut and add one and one-half pints
milk; put paste in the dish and bake
in a moderate oven, but not too long.
The Paonia newspaper., 1911-02-17
MOVABLE CORNER CUPBOARD
tors So II Can Be Wheeled
, About for Cleaning.

There are many ways of arranging
= cupboard for clothes in the corner
uf a room. and perhaps the most sim
pse way is to hang a curtain across
The Paonia newspaper., 1911-02-17
Remove Warts.

Sandpaper will remove warts. even
the big seeded one. Rub the warts
with sandpaper till they be~in to feel
tender. Then rub we'll with sweet oil.
and they will disappear as II by
magic
The Paonia newspaper., 1911-02-17
Chance for knowIsdas.

That new girl you've hired isnY
worth her salt"
admit she is a poor worker, but
she IL acquainted with tho maids in ali
the families We know"
The Paonia newspaper., 1911-02-17

then nail boards. furnished with sets
of pegs. to the wall on either side.
In our sketch we show a great i'm
provement on this plan. in the shape
of a framework Of wood, made to ht
the corner, and with castors screwed
on underneath SO that the whole cup
board and contests can be easily
moved for cleaning and other pur-
poses.
The sketch very clearly illustrates
the construction Of the woodwork. and
any amateur carpenter should be able.
The Paonia newspaper., 1911-02-17

The optimist pictures love a. an
oasis in the desert; the pessimist ~
. mirage.
The Chitina leader., 1911-08-05

CELL range to the boundary line of
Yukon Territory. a distance of some
20 miles, and beyond into the White
river country, which drains into the
Yukon river. The end of the line
is 1925 miles from Cordova, at
which point it connects with the
tramway of the Kennecott copper
mines. commonly known as the b.
nanza. The track is of lighter con-
struction than the main line, so
pound rails and 2640 ties per mile.
The Chitina valley forms one arm
of the great Copper river basin with
an area of something like 10000
square miles. being about $50 miles
from southeast to northeast, with
a width varying from rs to $50
miles. On the north the Delta and
the Menstata passes lead to the Tan
ana valley with easy gradients, while
the head of White river is reach
ed by the Skolai pass at the head of
the Chitina on the east. 1t is a re-
gion of varied sedimentary strata
with instrusive and eruptive rocks,
highly mineraliZed, and known to
contain large workable bodies of
the commercial metals: the eXploita-
ton of which is in rapid progress
Until the construction of the rail-
road, these We're absolutely value
less as freight from the coast by
way of Valdez ranged from fifty
cents to a dollar per pound and
could only be hauled in during win
ter months on the snow. The elm
attic conditions of this region are
the same as those of the central por-
ton of Alaska territory. being re-
moved from the modifying influence
of the ocean. The total precipita-
ton, including melted snow, ranges
from Is to "a inches only. but the
temperature varies from so degrees
Fahrenheit below zero to so degrees
above in the shade. as compared with
a range at Cordova from zero to IS
degrees above. The dominating
mass of Mt. Wrangell, with its as
ISOLATED peaks reaching attitudes of
10000 to $4,000 feet, is perpetually
The Chitina leader., 1911-08-05

snow clad and numerous glaciers
occupy the narrow valleys.
These glaciers, however, do not
extend into the plains much, if any
below an altitude OF 5000 feet.
The difficulties attending railroad
building in these broad interior val
leys result chiefly from the frozen
condition of the soil in depth and
the consequent presence of what is
known as tundra" 1t may at first
thought seem strange that a country
where the sub-soil is frozen to indef-
mite depths should produce the lux
uriant vegetation everywhere pres
ent; but moment of consideration
will show that it cannot possibly be
affected with drought, as it has an
unfailing reservoir of water from
which to draw the necessary mois-
ture, and the hotter the weather be-
comes the greater is the moisture
drawn from the surface. AS the
products of decay cannot be lost by
filtering through the soil, there re-
suits rich muck which supports an
infinite variety of plant life, and
consists of the roots and dead leaves
of the yearly growth, which may vary
in thickness from a few inches to
many feet This is the peat" of
Ireland; the tundra of "Muskeg"
of the north, characteristic of all
far northern ATTITUDES. 1t is almost
undrainable, holding its water in a
vise-like grip, through capillary at
traction.
If the surface of frozen muck be
removed, a new layer begins to
thaw and the condition is not i'm
proved; so that in the worst places
the ties were laid on the surface, and
if the muck became too soft a bed
ding of spruce boughs We're made,
and the roadbed subsequently built
up with gravel from the most CON
venient gravel pit, to thickness
equal TO the penetrating power of
The Chitina leader., 1911-08-05

in but these were soon found to be
unsuited to the work on account of
not being acclimated to the north
ern ATTITUDES.
The climate is very healthy and
as result the work was marked by
an almost entire absence of illness
among the men, although, of course.
accidents occurred from time to time
to Individuals as is ordinarily en-
pected in heavy and long continued
construction work. An effective hos
pital service was established at
Cordoya and Miles glacier. with
emergency hospitals carried along
the line as the construction camps
moved forward
The work was conducted under
the contract system with NJ. ]. Heney
& Co., as the contractors, they in
turn sub-letting considerable of the
rock work to individuals. The work
ing equipment was all American
built. which includes standard pas
senger equipment, several CONSOLE
dation locomotives equipped with
electric headlights, and freight equip
ment ranging up to 100000 pounds
capacity.
At the new town of Chitina the
railway connects with the Ed s. Orr
Stage Line over which express stages
are operated into Fairbanks. about
800 miles north. via the new gov
eminent trail; which connects with
the Valdez Fairbanks trail at Cop
per Center. Traffic and mails from
the United States proper and foreign
points via the railway and this trail
are delivered in Fairbanks within
twelve days after leaving Seattle
The distance is about 100 miles by
water and land and this new route
effects a great saving of time as
compared with the former all trail
route from Valdez to Fairbanks via
Thompson pass.
General Description of the Construc-
ton of the Flag Point Bridge
This bridge is built across chan
nels in the delta of the Copper river,
CT miles from Cordova), and con-
The Chitina leader., 1911-08-05

The original location of the Cop
per River Railroad, afterwards pur-
chased by the Copper River - North
western Railway, was along the left
bank of the Copper river from about
one mile up stream from the Flag
point bridge, as later located for a
distance of eighteen miles, crossing
the Copper River one-quarter mile
below Childs glacier. TO avoid which
necessitated a crossing there. This
location was along the foot OF a
high precipitous mountain side ex-
tending to the waters edge from the
time the river was first reached for
a distance of approximately 21a
miles, and for this distance, was
subject to great avalanches, as the
snow reached depth of IL feet on
the level in this section. This would
necessitate snow sheds for practi-
cally the entire distance along the
foot of the mountain, in addition to
being extremely heavy work as
would be the work for the remain
ing distance to the proposed eros
sing below Childs Glacier.
After examining the proposed
bridge site near Childs glacier, we
decided, that the structure would
have to consist of 400 foot spans.
and 1900 foot span. with a possible
addition of $500 foot spans. On
account of the flow of icebergs from
Child's glacier, the piers had to be
kept out of the channels and located
on bars. The maximum fluxuation
between high and low water was
found to be "a feet. The greatest
flow of icebergs occurring during
high water in July and August. OBJ
servations taken during 1907, show
ed icebergs passing the proposed
bridge site projecting 20 feet out
of the water. This would require
the bottom of the lower chord to
be not less than 81 feet above high
water. Observations which we took
in 1908 gave a current velocity of
81 miles per hour with the water
six feet above low water mark. The
bed of the river and the bars are
The Chitina leader., 1911-08-05

composed of boulders from one cub
ic foot TO ten or twelve cubic yards
in size. This formation would
necessitate pneumatic caissons for
foundations. The estimated cost of
this bridge, if the shorter structure
were practicable. was $3.50, 200.
Data extending over number OF
years in reference to the weather,
amount of water carried by the Cop
per river, and rainfall on its water
shed, was not obtainable on account
of the newness of the country. The
earliest obtainable data being Aug
ust 1907 The feasibility of a pile
approach of 500 feet, could only be
ascertained by observations of the
breaking up of the river. extending
over possibly several seasons, if the
first season did not demonstrate its
impracticability. We were intructed
by Mr.. E. c. Hawkins, Vice Presi-
cent and Chief Engineer, to make
thorough examination of the delta
below Childs glacier, with the view
of locating a more economical eros
sing than that originally decided up
on. Accordingly during March 1908,
we made as thorough examination of
the delta as possible, the ground at
the time being covered with nine
feet of snow, and the present loca-
ton of the bridge was decided upon.
The estimated cost of the various
bridges over the delta, were as fol-
lows: Flag Point bridge, S579,634;
Hot Cake Channel, 1898, 1888, and
third channel in tne delta over
which it might be impossible to
maintain trestle, S151,469, making
a total maximum cost OF the bridge
near Childs glacier of $3.50, 900
The advantages of crossing the Cop
per river in the delta over that of
the original location are as follows:
Saving of $685. 900 in the cost of
the bridge Work; the elimination of
"a miles of snow sheds and heavy
The Chitina leader., 1911-08-05

sists of 8 steel spans supported by
concrete piers and abutments. The
bridge is on tangent with level
grade and consists of three divi-
and a small island The first divi-
sion consists of 1900 foot pin con-
nected Baltimore truss. and also
foot thru rivited spans, the second
of Alb foot thru pin connected
spans, while the third has 1900, and
1850 foot thru pin connected Bal
timore trusses. To allow traffic and
to facilitate construction of the
piers temporary trestle was driv-
en- 81 feet down stream and paral-
lei to the bridge tangent.
The steel spans were fabricated
by the American Bridge Co., at
their Ambridge and Toledo plants.
The 2-300 foot spans and the 260
foot span were erected on falsework
by traveller, and the remainder by
a bridge erection car framed for that
purpose in Seattle. Stringers are
in.-o in centers and ties are in.
10 in IL feet spaced II in CEN
ter to center.
The concrete was mixed by No.
2 Ransome mixer and a No. 212
Foote continuous mixer, and consists
of l part cement, parts sand, and
4 parts broken stone, the largest 2
inches in diameter. Concrete "A"
used in bridge seats, is l part GEM
ent, 1 part sand and l part broken
stone, the largest II inch in diam
eter.
Total amount of steel in bridge.
5,907,112 pounds.
Total amount of concrete in piers
and abutments, 3,S60.4 cubic yards
The cost of the bridge is high,
due TO the difficulty of construction
from excessive high winds and ad-
verse weather conditions, also to the
cost of transportation and the high
price of labor.
The Chitina leader., 1911-08-05

the sun during the summer. This
method insures the freezing of the
original surface muck and prevents
it again thawing out, producing a
stable roadbed. The gravel for this
purpose was taken from pits at
miles 146, 15S and 1S3 to the
amount of approximately 100000
cubic yards. At mile 146 the shovel
was kept at work up to December
1910 and work began at pit 1853
in April 1911; the entire ballasting
work being completed July 81, 1911.
three years and nine months from
the date on which the Katalla COM
pany undertook the construction of
the line from Cordova.
On leaving the main line the
Chitina branch crosses the Copper
river for the third time on a tenn
porary trestle, 1880 feet long (to
be replaced by steel bridge at some
future time), the track then fol-
lowing the south bank of the Kot-
sina river until on mile 1876 it eros
ses the divide into the basin of the
Chitina
Strelna creek at mile LAG was
reached in October 1910. and at the
end of that month a temporary halt
was called at the end of mile 14S
on the bank of the Kuskulana gorge;
pending the erection of the last steel
bridge, described elsewhere. Ex-
tensive surveys did not show any
way of avoiding this narrow clear
cleft, across which the cantilever
bridge was erected during the late
winter and completed Christmas day,
with the track $40 feet above the
bottom of the gorge.
While this bridge work was in
progress the foundations of al 1.-The
other bridges were being prepared.
and many of the tim bers framed,
which was made feasible by the
building of a good wagon road from
the river to the mines at a cost of
81 600 per mile, and the balance of
the work was merely a succession
of track laying detail on the frozen
grade, and bridge building. The
The Chitina leader., 1911-08-05

last spike was driven at the Ken
necott mine March %, 1911, and the
first train load of high grade copper
ore was successfully transported over
the railway, arriving at Cordova $50
p. m, April Sth, for transportation
to the states.
The grade was practically finish
ed by November. 1910, but As miles
of rails were laid during the six
months of winter by the aid of ar
-tificial illumination; including the
building of As trestles and frame
bridges; that across the Gilihina
river being S35 feet long and s.
feet high, nine others ranging from
200 to 500 feet in length.
The total length of the Chitina
branch is GALS miles.
The total length of SO wood brid-
ges is 110S7 feet or 3.9 per cent.
The total length of Kuskulana steel
bridge is 525 feet.
Total ascending grade going east
2239 feet.
Total descending grade going west
76S feet.
Total rise 1471 feet.
Maximum ascending grade going
east plus 179 feet on mile 1876.
Maximum descending grade going
east minus 50 feet on mile 1S9.
During the construction of the
main line and Chitina branch the
line was divided into divisions, each
assigned to a division engineer; the
divisions being sub-divided into res
idencies under the immediate super
vision of resident engineers. The
personnel of the engineering force
was practically entirely composed of
experienced men from the railways
of the United States. The labor was
largely composed of Scandinavians
who had previously been employed
on the railways of Canada and the
northern lines of the United States
A few southern Europeans driftei
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1911-07-27
What They Said.

1.-THE statement by Mr.. Hines that
the President was anxious for and
was urging the election of Mr.. Lori
mer is wholly unfounded. From
Official White House Statement.
told Mr.. Hines that Mr.. Lorimer's
candidacy would not be Objectionable
to the President. did not say that
it would be acceptable. From Sem
ator Aldrich's Testimony.
81 said to Congressman Lorimer
over long-distance telephone: Mr..
Lorimer, | have just returned from
Senator Aldrick's house. He had
just come from the White House.
The President and he are very anx-
ious to have you become a candidate,
ard | think you could be elected. -
From Edward Hines Testimony.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1911-07-27
MISSOURI COLLEGE GROWS.
Attendance at Missouri Agricultural
College Increases by Leaps
and Bounds.

Statistics recently compiled at the
Missouri Agricultural College show
that in the past five years the number
. of students attending its courses has
increased 227 per cent. In the same
period of time, the University, as a
whole, has increased it's attendance
by 40 per cent.
He who seeks an explanation of this
remarkable growth in popularity of
the Agricultural College will find it
partly in the general awakening to the
Importance of agriculture as a funda-
mental vocation and partly in the
effective work the College itself has
done in the establishment of new agri-
cultural standards.
Missouri Chief Josephine, and her
six noted stable mates with records
OF from 600 to over 700 pounds of
marketable butter annually, all of
them bred at the College Farm, have
attracted widespread attention. On
some of its outlying farms, the Ex-
pertinent Station has succeeded in in
creasing the yield Of clover from one
half to two tons per acre by proper
soil management, and in Southwest
Missouri it has been shown that corn
may be increased twenty bushels per
acre and wheat twelve. The Horti-
cultural department has discovered
methods of pruning peach trees so as
to produce two additional crops in
eight years. The Veterinary depart
ment has sent out information and
given direct help to hundreds of hog
raisers throughout the State, as
result of which it has been estimated
that the farmers of Missouri have
saved 100000 in single year. 1t
will be remembered, too, that at the
1910 international Live Stock Show,
the Missouri College had the highest
scoring student stock-judging team
that has ever judged at Chicago in the
eleven years that these contests have
been held.
1t was similar to these, the Missouri
College has come to be regarded with
favor by the farming and other bust
ness interests of the state, and young
men who, eight or ten years ago,
would have taken up the study of
law, medicine or engineering are now
enrolling for work in agriculture.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1911-07-27
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI
College of Agriculture, Agricultural
Experiment Station. Depart
ment of Agr0nomy.

OOlUllIOld, A1U., JulS, 1C1l :.
Dear Sir:
There are many demands for seed
wheat and the Experiment Station is
compiling list of seed wheat grow
ers for reference this fall. Good seed
wheat should be sound, clean, plump,
heavy, and true to variety name.
If you have any for sale kindly fill
in questions below, detach slip and
mail to us at once.
Very truly yours,
Department of Agronomy,
University of Missouri.
Name of variety. observation-disclosures.
Is it pure?..
Will you fan it thoroughly.
Number of bushels on hand. 800.
Price per bushel F. o. B. ...........
Town.
0SAtC.