davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-10-08

monetary standpoint for the last 10 or F years has been due in large measure to my skill as a tanner. I am young and ambitious enough to make use of that skill in a way that you have never made use of it. and that is, for my own benefit am going to capitalize it now by going into business for myself"
 "Psushl Nonsensel You don't know what you are talking about" said Bullock. You are raving. Have you any idea what 1t costs to run a tanning business? It costs a fortune"
 "Yes, I know" responded Raymond quietly.
 Going to start one out of your saw ings?' inquired Mir Hyde with smiling sarcasm.
 No" said the young man, hardly But l have a capitalist behind me. We have an option on the Fogel place.
 That piece of information made both Bullock and Hyde sit up. The Fogel plant was not so big, and it had been closed down for many months, but it was a good plant, and, well handled it would prove bothersome to them To add to their uneasiness Raymond declared he was go- ing to handle the same class of goods handled by B. & H.; was going to appeal to the same customers and would have no hesitation in taking the best men he could obtain from the Bullock & Hyde establishment
 MT. Bullock took drink from bot tie that stood on the table, set fire to cigar and then inquired with asperity as to the capital or capitalists behind MT. Raymond.
 Ramona only smiled in reply.
 "I think you are bluffng," said Mir Bullock Then he got Up and, simply noddlng to MT Raymond, he and his partner departed
 They did not think Raymond was bluff ing. They knew a few days later that he was not. They had confirmation by this time of the Fogel deal They knew. too, that MT. Raymond had been in New York and to Boston and that word was going throgh trade circles that the young tanner was soon to embark in business for himself, with ample capital to ham dle 1t.
 When MT. Raymond returned there was an interview with him in the home paper. He did not say very much, but what he did say worried old man Bull lock a whole lot. MT. Bullock, for all
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-10-08

cent per acre per year, and that tho northern forests can be watched at a cost of four cents per acre, while the Rocky mountains and Pacific coast for ests would cost much less. They esti- mate that all the forests in private hands could be protected from fires for less than S10,000,O0 per year. and thus result in saving of far more than that in ,he value of the timber, and in the preserva- ton of the young trees for the future.
 Some Lumber Losses
 The government is doing all it can to cut down the waste. It sends out ad- vice to the 1umbermen as to how to handle the timber and to the managers of the sawmills as to the best kinds of machinery. Many of the railroad ties are now hewed out with the ax. If cut with the Saw this alone would save more than two Hundred and eighty mil lion cubic feet of wood every year. About two-thirds of the wood in trees chopped down for lumber is lost and q large part of that intended for mine timbers, cooperage and piles goes to waste. The government gives advice as to the treatment of timber in order to keep out the insects and rot The insects annually destroy more than eight billion cubic feet; but this may be prevented by soaking the timber in chemicals. The same method is used against rot, something like fourteen hundred million feet of boards being 30 treated last year. We are now using about sixty million gallonssof creosote and nineteen million pounds of zinc chloride for this purpose.
 As to the losses by fire, they are still of enormous extent From 1880 to 1896 they averaged s50,00o,000 per annum. Of all the private forests not more than one per cent has now an efficient system of fire protection, and only the largest of the private owners keep u forest fire patrol.
 The government estimates that about one-fourth of all the timber logged out in, the forest goes to waste. This comes from careless cutting, the leaving of largo strmps and the not using the tops and branches. In the mills the thick gang saw blades turn a great deal of lumber to dust, and 1t is calculated that if thin band saws took their places the saving would be more than two thousand million board feet per annum.
 Another feature of the government work Is the treatment of the turpentine farms. The turpentine comes from the resinous gum which oozes out of the scared pine tree into hole, cut at the foot of the trunk, called a box. This cutting. year after year, soon kills the tree. Now. in place of the box. tin troughs are fastened below the scars, and clay jar catches the gum.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-10-08

punishment upon her for all this, but if was not within his power. She was free white and more than 21. Besides, she had an independent fortune in her own, left by her mother. In fact, Mr. Bullock got his financial start over the matrimonial route.
 Probably her joyful experience durinz the shirtwaist disturbance in New Yorla had caused Miss Bullock to enter with such fervor into the affairs of the work men of her native town when the en- ployers of the Bullock & Hyde tannery went on strike Miss Bullock was heart and soul in sympathy with the strikers and gave her moral financial and per- sonal support to them. It was great sensation all through the valley and the country around that the rich Miss Bullock should "act so." But she seemed to glory in her perfidious conduct. She declared her fathers firm had paid starvation wages; that it made enormous profits that it's attitude toward it's men was in- human and un-Ameriean and a whole lot of other things.
 But, strictly speaking, the strike failed The strikers were mostly Greeks, Itai- ians and Portuguese. They were unor- ganized and ill-behaved. They stayed out TOT d month ana then feturned-Sullen, bitter, vengeful.' From a sentimental standpoint, however. the strike was a success. Miss Bullock managed that end of it. There was no real violence; the argument was simply one of wages and justice, and many of those who had first disagreed with Miss Bullock were finally won over to her theories.
 It was only six months after the strike ended that MT. Hyde got the shock of his life, for there stood Raymond on the Turkish rug of Mir. Hyde's private of flee, calmly demanding another raise. Not only that, but he had reasons which he set forth in detail as to why he should have it. He wanted S6500 a year if he was to continue with the firm. Then he called MT, Hyde's attention to the fact that his year would be up in 90 days, and that if the advance was not granted within that time he would leave the company s employ.
 For a moment MT. Hyde lost his suavi- ty. An employe to get s65OO, It was un- thinkable.
 'You will not get it," said he "Very we'll" said MT. Raymond, nov
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-10-08
WOODROW WILSON IN COLLEGE
A Schoolmate Says He Was Always
 Inclined Toward Statecraft

From the New York Herald.
 One of Gov. Woodrow Wilson's ablest classmates at Princeton was describing the New Jersey executives characteristics while a student to show once more that the boy is father to the man.
 'Now that Woodrow Wilson is in the public eye as a probable candidate for the democratic presidential nomination." said the narrator, ''it is interesting to re- call his caree: as Q student. Woodrow was not a rpoler," by which a grind is designated lin Princeton. He was. how ever. an indefatigable student of history politics, government and political econo- my. His grasp of these subjects was con- sidered lHmarkabe by his classmates.
 q renlAmber an oration which he de- livered A statesmanship. Tt caused . sensationUin the college. Tn addition to his profoiV Ad knowledge of the science of governme1H Wilson has a power of ex- presson VI ch Is amazing. He had hat power in student days. His diction was strona md exquisite, a combination rarely en5 led by men Tn pupiic iIe. Woodrow not devote very much time to the studh prescribed by the currt,u- lum His Ind was cast in the domain of statesma Whip and 1t was only ques- tjon of time Mhen he would enter the field upon which Hs nina was peht. He was popular and always nelo m hiSh re- spect." WH
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-10-08

ing off the Turkish rug and near the door
 But MT. Hyde regaining his eomposure, suggested it would be better to leave the question for Mr, Bullock to decide
 "I know he will never agree" said MT. Hyde, but we will leave the matter in abeyance until I hear from him."
 A month rolled round and Raymond heard nothing from MT. Hyde. Then he went to him and said he supposed his request had been refused. MT. Hyde blushed, and declared the matter had es- capped his memory and he had not men toned it to MT. Bullock. He asked for two weeks further, MT. Bullock being out of town and not to return for a few days.
 Those two weeks passed without an answer. In fact, MT Raymond only saw MT. Hyde at a distance in all that time. On the evening of the last day of the fortnight some one remarked to MT Hyde that the chief tanner had packed his things and was bidding goodby to his men. MT. Hyde got busy at once, found Mir. Raymond and inquired what this meant. Raymond smiled sarcastically. It was ridiculous, he said, for a man in MT. Hyde's position to have lodged him in the way he had for two weeks.
 My bidding goodby to the men here simply means" said he, that I am through. I am no longer connected with the firm of Bullock & Hyde''
 MT. Hyde protested he had no idea MT Raymond was in earnest about leaving As proof of this he said he had no one to take the tanners place. Raymond pointed out that he had given the months mo- tice, had extended the time two weeks and if the firm had not employed another tanner, as MT Hyde declared, 1t was MT. Hyde's fault and not MT. Raymond's. MT. Hyde confessed that he had failed to bring the matter to MT Bullock's at tention. having supposed Mir Raymond would see how foolish was his demand. That the tanner should leave with no one engaged to succeed him would be em- barrassing if not costly. He now asked that Mir. Raymond go with him that night to Mr. Bullock's house, where they would discuss the matter of salary and probably be able to reach some compromise.
 Raymond, however, was curiously ob- atinate. He refused to go to Mir. Bullock s house or to MT Hyde's house. If either of them, or both, wanted to see him they
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-10-08

could call at his house. Hyde protested and pointed out that he owed something to his elders. MT. Raymond did not think so He was not looking for anything from MT. Bullock or MT. Hyde. If they had any business with him it was their con- cern to seek him out. They had never gone out of their way on his account; he did not propose to go out of his way on theirs.
 All this was shameful, but under the conditions that existed MT. Hyde could not give voice to his sentiments He asked MT. Raymond to wait few minutes while he telephoned MT. Bullock. He had a long and difficult conversation with that gentleman, but at last he announced that he and his partner would be at the young tanners house that evening. ae W
 They were. t.
 MT. Bullock looked at the young man with cold, antagonistic eyes. MT. Hyde was rather subdued and placatory. He had reason to be- having involved the firm in a disagreeable situation simply be- cause he had not the courage to excite the wrath Of the sour member by reciting the cold blooded demand of the tanner He tried to softsoap MT. Raymond and tried to tnaW the Icy BULLOCK, but ne was not altogether successful. Mir. Raymond was unkind enough to declare that while leather merchants and the trade gen. erally had an idea that MT. Bullock was a remarkable man and the brains of the firm of Bullock & Hyde, while others ascribed the success of the firm to the skill, the mastery of detail and the suavity of MT. Hyde, none of them knew the most valuable person connected with the con oern. Then, without a blush, MT. Ray
 nond declared the persons name was Raymond.
 ''You have made $2,000,000 clear in the last 10 years" he stated. You made $4OO,- GOO last year and. despite the strike this year, you have made s370,000. Now you hem and haw and hesitate about paying a decent salary to me And you hem and haw and hesitate in paying a good living wage to the men you have had in your employ flor many years You have 15 or 20 men on your rolls who have been with you for more than 10 years, yet not one of them gets more than a carpenter or bricklayer receives. l want to tell you that the success of your concern from a
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-10-08
UNCLE SAM, LUMBERMAN-By Frank c. Carpenter

munition and food. At present there are about 1200 men who act as rangers. and there are forest guards numbering 56O. There are also hunters and trappers, making altogether a corps of about 25Co men in active charge of the national for ests. In addition, there are something like 600 scientists and clerks. who are employed here in Washington and at tho district headquarters.
 The number of men in charge of the forests should be increased. As it is now there is only one man for every 100000 acres. whereas Prussia keeps man for every 1700 acres, and Baden one for every 750 acres.
 $25, ,O00,000 in Smoke
 The lack of men was evident in the fires of last year. They occurred at the end of the drought, beginning in June and reaching their climax in August. Congress had appropriated $600.000 for protecting the woods, but this was not enough and although the war depart- ment aided by sending troops, and the railroad companies, lumber companies and private individuals also co-operated, the fires spread over an area of more than 100000 acres and killed something liked 1000, 100000 feet of merchantable tim Der. The damages are said to have been over $25,000,00O and the cost of fighting the fires were little more than S.0OO,Ooo.
 Altogether there were 4000 different fires in the national forests last year, and most of them were extinguished by the forest rangers. The greatest fire occurred in northern Idaho where with in 24 hours after starting there were practically continuous flames for over 100 miles. In these fires 76 of the of- ficials of the forestry service were killed and a large number injured. Some of the fires came from lightning, others from campfires and some from the locomotives of the trains which went through the woods
 Uncle Sam, Lumberman
 Uncle Sam Is now cutting consider able lumber in the national forests. The amount cut last year was more than four hundred and fifty million feet board measure much of it being sold on the stump at $244 per thousand. Such receipts are rapidly approx3mat- ing s2,000,0O0 per annum and they promise to be one of the income bring ing branches of the government. Near ly all the great nations of Europe are now making money out of their state forests In France the lumber sold brings in $5,000,000 year, and in Aus tria the receipts are still greater. The forests of India are under government control and are yielding about S3,- 0O0, ,000 per annum, while wide awake little Japan is getting $S,0G0,OO0 each
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-10-08

Copyright 1911, by Frank Y. Carpenter). HAVE spent this week at the forestry
 bureau gathering the latest informa- x tion as to Uncle Sam's wood lands. The figures are so great that the mind cannot comprehend them, and the "nly way to understand them is by simple woods which covered this country along about 16OO, at the time Capt. John Smith landed at the mouth of the James. They had an area greater than one-third or all Europe, and considerably more than one-fourth of the whole United States including Alaska. The forestry service estimates that the stand of merchandise timber then equaed more than 5000000,- O00,500 feet or enough to construct ! board walk foot wide and an inch thick and 1,000, 100000 miles long. That amount of lumber would have covered board walk 10 feet wide from the earth to the sun, and still left enough over to have belted the waist of old Mother Earth at the equator with a band three and one half miles wide. The remainder, if cat into flooring, could have carpeted New England, New York, New Jersey, Della ware and Maryland. The total area of the wood land was S5O0O0,O00 acres and the merchantable timber 5,2OO, O,OOO,000 feer. That is what we had at the beginning.
 Our Mlghty FOreStS
 Before l tell you what has become of this mighty property let me describe in a nutshell just what it was. Uncle Sam's foresters have told me the story. The woods were in five great tracts. There werc the northern forest, the southern forest, the central forest the Rocky mountain woods and the Pacific woods
 The northern forest was the home of the white pine covering an area about six times as great as that of Ohio and containing enough lumber to have made a belt of boards an inch thick and a mile and half wide around the globe. The southern forest was largely of yell low pine and of cypress, but the trees were not so large, and in board feet it was just about equal that of the north. The central forest, which lay between, was nearly all hard wood. It had an area much larger than the woods north and south. and the lumber within it was about half as much more than either of the others. It would have made band around the earth at least two miles in width
 And then came the Rocky mountain forest composed chiefly of cone-bearing Frees. This contained only 110,000 coo acres. and the lumber upon it was about 400 billion board feet. The Pacific forest was still smaller in area, but it had the biggest trees of the country. It had the Douglas fir, the redwood and western
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-10-08

year from the wood sold by the govern ment.
 But 1t is not alone in the lumber sold that the forestry bureau is say ing us money. The fires of 1910 would have caused an incalculable loss had it not been for the rangers and the orr ganized system of fire prtection
 Indeed it is estimated that the for- estry service is worth to the govern ment at least $75,000,000 a year. Of this about one-third comes from the improvement of the woodlands, an- other third from the saving of young trees and prevention of fires, $9,00O,0 900 from the improved forest methods which are being spread to the timber lands outside national ownership, and also other items which make up the total of $75,000,000.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-10-08

Uncle Sans scientists say that there is an enormous amount of turpentine in the refuse of the sawmills of the south, and that this might be saved, yielding about 36Ooo,OOO gallons year, or a value of more than $10,0o0,000.
 Our National Forests
 The chief work of the forestry bureau, however is taking care of the national forests. These are of enormous extent, and they are growing in value each year. They now cover 195 million acres, in round numbers they are about equal to eight states as big as Kentucky or Virginia; and they have more than 300 billion board feet of merchantable tim Der. At this estimate they contain about one-tenth of the woods which cov- cred the United States at the time It be- gan to be settled; and going back to our hcmely comparison, contain enough lum- Der to make a board walk foot wide from here to the sun.
 The value of these government wood- lands cannot be overestimated MT Clifford Pinchot once said they were worth more than $2,000, 100000, and that the standing timber upon them Is worth close to s1, 900, 100000. He said that the forests ought to eventually bring in an income of about $60,000,O00 a year by cutting only the ripe and dead and down timber, and at the same time yield some additional revenue from the lands used for grazing.
 These forests will grow in value and in the amount of wood which they con- tain, so that when our private forests are cut away they will give us the lumber of the future In addition they control the sources of our rivers and are the basis of the water supply of those regions. It is also estma ted that the waterfalls in the woods are equal to 15,000,000 horsepower. They will some time be harnessed on leases made by the government and will there by add to the revenue.
 The New Forest Patrol
 The forestry men tell me that the work of patrolling Uncle Sams woods Is being rapidly extended, and espe- cially since the terrible fires of last year. So far about 5000 miles of roads and 16000 miles of trails have been cut. Fire lines are being built, and a system of telephone lines has been put up, connecting the ranger headquarters with the lookout stations.
 Each of the forests is divided up into districts about six miles square, and every district is in charge of ranger who goes to his post in May and stays until the rains begin in October. Thesc rangers carry their own supplies, com prising a tent, rifle and plenty of am
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-10-08

yellow pine. It had the giants of the forest, and the scientists here say that its trees were the largest and that they contained more lumber than any other known to history or geology. The area of that forest was just about equal to two states the size of Pennsylvania, but the stand was so great that it equaled the hardwood central forest of the east, and if cut into inch boards, it would have sufficed to belt the globe with a board walk of two miles width.
 Our Lumber Supply in 1901
 Next let us see what is left. Our board walk to the sun has been just about cut in half, and the same is true of the eft overs. A walk could still be made, but 1t would be only five feet in width, and the board belt around the equator would be considerably less than two miles in width. Fully one-half of the mechant- able timber has disappeared. It has been cut down, burnt up and wasted in every possible way. Some of it has gone into buildings, but a vast amount has heen absolute waste.
 The northern forest has lost 40 Ter cent of it's area, the southern almost as much and of the central forests more than one-half has been cleared. Of the Rocky mountain woods we have still 90 per cent, and of the Pacific coast forest almost as much. Altogether we have remaining about 2500,OoO, ,0OO,OO0 feet or timber, and of this one-fifth belongs 10 the government and is being properly cared for, The balance is in the hands of private individuals, of corporations, syndicates and trusts, and It is going go fast that if the present ratio continues, in 20 or 25 years it will be all cut away
 Our Big Lumber Cut
 Tn 1909 the trees that went into timber were enough to have made a board walk 1000 feet wide running right through he center of the earth from one side to the other. The amount was more than H. 0O0,000,000 feet board measure: and, in addition, a vast amount of wood was used for other purposes. The forestry bureau estimates that we are now an- nually consuming 20.000, 000O00 cubic feet of good timber Divide that into posts a foot square; stand them on the earth and let them prop up the moon. You can make b or 16 such posts. and each of them would reach all the way to our llt- tie sister planet and stiu leave millions of cubic feet for cross pieces to bolt the scaffold together.
 And where did all this lumber go? In addition to the vast amount which went into boards more than one thous- and million feet were consumed in fence rails, posts and telegraph poles. One hundred and eighteen million feet,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-10-08
PaE Duty Then

: ..IJave YOU arS1thing to declare?" asked the customs ins31ector.
 "OnIv that Yin love George" replied the bride with ayplusn.