The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1911-08-21

polishing, SIS; and sugar, 27O9. The
sugar industry far outranks all other
industries in respect to the average
number of persons engaged, but owing
to it's seasonal character employed
less number of wage earners during
the months of least activity-Septem-
ber October, and November-than did
the canning and preserving industry
during the months of greatest activity
in this industry-July August and
September.
Women and Children.
It may be noted that the largest
number of women and children were
employed in canning and preserving.
The average number of wage earners
in that industry was 564 males and
245 females 16 years of age or over
and males and ! female under that
age. OF the total of 500 females in
all industries combined, 246 were in
this industry and Sc in the sugar in
dustry Thus 66 per cent of the total
female employees were reported by
these two industries,
Oriental Partnerships.
There were 4,41S persons engaged in
manufactures in 1899, as compared
with 1872 in 1909, an apparent in
crease of 3,154, or ia per cent. The
actual increase was only 2,SS2, or 65.2
per cent, as 272 members of coopera-
tive societies were reported as part
hers in 1909, this industrial class not
being included in the census of 1899,
Tho formation of general partnerships
with from to 40 partners in each, ac-
counts for the large increase in the
number of proprietors and firm men,
bers, only a very few such partner
ships being reported m 1899, and
these with less than 10 partners in
each case. Both the cooperative as
sociatiOns and these large general
partnerships are composed of Jap
anese or of Chinese, one or the CO.
operative establishments having 200
japanese members and another gen
eral partnership being composed of
40 Chinese,
The two industries, Canning and
preserving, pineapples" and Sugar"
which are seasonal industries, the
former giving employment to an un-
usually large number of persons dur
, ing July, August, and September, and
the latter during the months from
January to July, inclusive, affect
. greatly the total for all Industries
combined. They thus not only make
= the month of July the month of great
est employment but also magnify the
! irregularity of employment through
: out the year. The variation by
months in employment in these two
e industries depends on the seasons in
which the raw materials mature. Out
Z side these two industries the number
D of wage earners employed underwent
but little change from month to
- month, the numbers showing a gen
2 eral increase from February to the
i end of the year.
Prevailing Hours of Labor.
Establishments have been classified
! also according to the prevailing mum,
Der of hours of labor of the bulk of
their employees; that is to say, the
wage earners of each establishment
= are all classified according to the pre-
vailing hours of labor in the estab
lishment, even though some may
have to work a different number OIL
hours. The table that follows shows
the result of this classification. 1t i.
:. based on the average number of wage
- earners employed during the year II
- the cases of Canning and preserving
- pineapples' and of Sugar" this aver
age is far less than the number en-
- ployed in the busy season.
- Hours of Labor.
o. For nearly half the total number o
lie wage earners employed in the manu-
i'd featuring industries of Hawaii tn,
D. prevailing hours of labor per week ar
N over 60, or an average of over /
lie hours per day. The figures for all IN
err dustries combined are affected, how
of ever, to a large extent by the lon
a. hours reported in the sugar industry
In this industry all of the employee
Mt were engaged 60 or more hours pc
10, week, and about two-thirds were Ell
ii. gagged 70 hours and over. Exclusiv
n of those engaged in the sugar industry
Ill almost two-thirds of the wage Garner
to were employed from "a to 60 hour,
inclusive, Der week, So per cent wer
employed As hours, or less per weel
ed and 6 per cent were employed NOR
in than 60 hours per week.
m The establishments conducted b