The log cabin Democrat. [volume] (Conway, Ark.) 1908-current, 1911-05-10


eptibie varieties. In Arkansas the
jonathan. Grimes and Winesap are es-
7eCially susceptible to tbs disease.
Ben Davis is somewhat less so, but
t and a great many other varieties
ire sometimes badly injured when
he weather conditions are favorable
nd when the disease has gained a
God foothold in an orchard.
Description: On the apple at first
he bitter rot appears as very small,
ale brown, sometimes watery looking
peck These grow and become
barker in color and sunken, the mar
lin remaining light coiored. AS the
.'Otted spots get to be as large as a
lime there may be seen at the center
Of each spot circular ring of dots,
slightly raised, which burst and give
OF a pinkish or gray moist mass Of
spores Very soon another similar
ing OF dots appears just outside of
his, and it in turn gives off the
masses of light-colOred spores AS
the spot grows the rings continue to
orm, being larger and larger as they
re ccessiyely formed. The rotted
area is shrunken, soft and dark
brown, with the concentric rings OF
! ight-coloTed spore masses, and is
quite characteristic. The rotted spots
ire deep, often reaching to the core
Of the apple, as the fungus grows
tbout as rapidly into the apple as it
spreads on it.
On the limbs OF the trees the same
fungus causes oblong black, sunken.
cankered spots, covered with cracked,
shrunken bark. These cankers are IN
appearance somewhat like other apple
nee cankers and are very apt to be
confused with them by the average
person.
Damage: The cankers are not usu-
ally large enough or numerous enough
to cause serious injury to the trees.
So most of the damage is caused by
the cotting of the apples. In severe
cases practically the entire crop OF
The tree, or even of an orchard, may
u" destroyed in d few days. Bitter
rot does not spread in cold storage,
int apples with the rot started on
Chem before they are placed in stor-
age, even if the spots are so small as
10 be invisible, will rot quickly when
removed from storage.
Spread: The gray or pinkish spores
of the rot are the means it has OF
spreading from one apple to another
Each one of these spores is so small
as to require a high-power micro
scope to see it, but just as soon as
other apple by rains or dew it germi
males and grows and starts a new
rotten spot The spores can be pro-
duced within two days after a spot
is started on the apple, and, since
there are many millions of spores
The disease can spread very rapidly,
and it does spread rapidly.
Bitter rot grows and spreads in
warm. moist weather and is checked
D: even stopped altogether by cool,
Try weather.
1t lives over winter on the limb
cankers and on the rotten mummies
OF apples on the ground or hanging
on the trees and begins TO spread
actively to the new crop about the
first OF July at Fayetteville. perhaps
earlier in some parts OF the state.
Remedy: First, spray six weeks
after the blossoms have fallen mot
more than six weeks) with $3.50 Bor-
deauX mixture. This spraying is to
coat the apples thoroughly with the
mixture, so az to keep the spores
rom terminating on them, and 1t
must be thoroughly done. Second.
# the season is moist and hot spray
again in two weeks; If cool or dry
spray in three weeks. In either case
Use the same mixture that was used
before, the $3.50 Bordeaux mixture.
Third, repeat the spraying according
20 the weather until gathering time.
In a very moist, warm summer five
spTayings will be necessary.
Prevention: A great deal can be
done to lessen the danger from this
disease by pruning out all cankered
4mbs. 1t is not sufficient to scrape
off the canker, but the limb which
BEARS ii should be cut out Also
,ather and destroy all rotted apples
They may be raked into windows in
the middles and turned under with a
plow. These things alone will not
Top the disease entirely, and cannot
be depended upon to replace spraying
Remo"e all old, halfdead apple trees
rom the orchard. And last, but by
no means least. get your neighbors to
clean up their orchards.
An old. neglected orchard is often
'ic cause of diseased trees and rot
All apples for a mile or more in every
Erection. Such an orchard may have
m it bitter rot, brown rot. scab,
1Atch IN Iosa Scala COdIipp moth