davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17
@HoMINIsT' IS LATEST WORD
inspired by Witty French Journalist
to Describe Matchmaking Woman
One IL Fined.

Partisan adenture of Mile. Luci-
enne Delaroche. young sculptress
whose works have several times been
exhibited at the salons. has inspired
a witty journalist to coin a new word
whereby militant suffragettes OF GER
tain type will be known in France
henceforward. "Hominist" IL the
word. and It Is meant to describe the
sort Of woman who goes about dress
ed as much like q man as she posi-
bly, can
One morning at o'clock the night
police observed q human figure lying
in the gutter Of a street In the mid
die of the Latin Quarter They lifted
up what apparently was young man
in an intoxicated condition. with his
clothes badly torn and his appearance
generally deplorable. While taking
the offender. they we're assailed BY
a volley of descriptive epithets deliv-
cred in a high feminine voice. and dis
covered that they were dealing with a
woman In disguise. She was dressed
in black trousers, leather spats. q
mans waistcoat and q womans coat
reaching to the knees.
The young woman. Mile Delaroche.
who was the sculptress. explained to
the court that this costume she found
most convenient In the studio. and
that. being suddenly asked out that
evening to visit some friends. she had
forgotten to don the skirt with which
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17
BOY SCOUT TROOP IN ALASKA

moment he got there he decided that
the educational and other advantages
of the scout movement were SO great
that be wanted to start an organisa-
ton at once.
Every territory and every colony OF
the United States now has troop OF
the Boy Scouts OF America There are
troops of the Boy Scouts Of America
in the Philippines. Hawaii. Porto Rico
and Alaska. The total number OF
scouts in the colonies amounts to sew
erai thousands. The scout movement
also has spread to Cuba. Mexico. the
Bahamas and also there Il q strong
organization In Canada
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17

neck and kissed him. he couldn't neIr
himself
The incident IL said to have oc-
CURED during the last school term, ana
the young woman who took part IN n
Is now married
Freeport residents are not aItogetn
er satisfied with the investigation
made by the board OF education. which
resulted in sustaining the superin
tendent. and may take the case TO the
state commissioner
Superintendent Barnes has declared
his innocence and his intention OF tight
ing for his reputation and his good
name Il is understood that ne ex
planned the circumstances OF the
school teachers affectionate enthusi
asm By stating that he had gone into
her room after school hours to heir
her az up her register record
He said she was OF nysterfcai type
and In q fit OF gratitude embraced
him.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17

men to hold out against the desire oil
hundreds. when the hunger of the man
hunt is in the veins of the hundreds
Their combined will is powerful In
fiuence that pulls them on their feet
and out Of themselves.
La Bon, a Frenchman. has made the
most careful study of the mob. how
1t forms and what impulses sway it
He calls his work on the subject" The
record of the things that mobs do
and why they do them He finds that
under the stress of excitement the
plain. sober man sheds his veneer oil
civilization and becomes a beast full
of blood hunger. He wants to kill
When be wants to wreak vengeance
1t must be full Of atrocities and hor-
rors. The victim is usually battered
and mutilated by the clubs. the hands
or the feet of the mobs.
The good citizen who was selling
calico over a counter a few hours be-
fore becomes a savage. The profess
sional man who loves books and scien-
tific discussion feels something stir
In his nerve cells that was implanted
there when his forefathers executed
Justice on offenders with their own
hands For an hour or a day the
spell is on him. He comes out OF this
condition as though he were coming
out Of nightmare.
A while ago an Illinois desperate
was arrested by two constables in his
cabin He submitted to arrest and in
spite Of the fact that he was ac-
counted a dangerous character the of.
fcers allowed him some freedom to
make arrangements to accompany
them. While moving around the cab
in he suddenly made leap for q rifle,
shot one of the officers dead and NOR
tally wounded the other A bullet
stuck him in the thigh during the
| firing
The wounded criminal fed from the
cabin and. favored by the darkness
made his way across a creek bottom
and bid in the timber Posses were
formed to hunt him down Most oil
the members were not particularly en-
ragged at the crime During the whole
OF the days hunt the beating Of the
timber and the searching OF the hills
was looked upon as a form OF sport
When night came the temper OF the
hunters changed. They had beer
thinking Of the same thing all day
long They began to .mutter among
themselves.
Word came back that the wounded
desperate had been found. Instinct
lively the horsemen began gathering
themselves in squardons that set of
on a gallop toward the place where hs
was captured. The sound OF hoofi
warned the sheriff who had taker
charge of the prisoner BY taking
short cut through the woods he man
aged to escape the now thoroughly
aroused mob that had been joking ant
laughing an hour before.
One shout had swerved the fancy o
the mob. A tall. excitable farme
Strengthened up in his saddle when n
heard Of the prisoners capture. ant
shouted: Come on. boys. let's g
and get hir- He swung into tn
road at the gallop as he called. ant
everybody put spurs to their ure'
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17
This Time for = Friend.

"Tis wise man." said Robert Eide
son, "who knows when to ask ques-
tons. The other night ! was standing
inside the railroad station when an
Irish cab driver came up to me and
asked me how soon the next train
came in. / told him and he said thank
you and went away. In about i've
minutes he came back with the same
question. I told you not more than
five minutes ago. said. i know II.
he answered cheerfully. but It's not
me th't wants to know this time. It's
a friend Of mine outside th't has TO
watch his horses and can't come in an
ask yez himself '"--Young's Maya
zine.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17

"a man can no more change bis
reputation than be can change his
face or his arms" said Senator La
Toilette at banquet in Madison.
There was once wicked old Madi-
son millionaire who took his pastor
aside and said:
at am going to devote the re-
inainder of my life to doing good
"Dr. Thirdly. outspoken man. re-
torted:
DO you mean John II. Good, the
wealthy farmer. or young Sam Good,
the Socialist millionaireT"
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17
BEES MAKE PEACH HONEY

there are no samples. nor are there
experts to dilate on its daintiness-
The announcement of the new prod
uct has aroused a great deal OF inter-
est and Mr. Mirable has been advised
to re-christen his ranch and call It
Peach Honey Ranch
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17
Hos. or Hosiery.

a S@ Rochellite whose yard need
"a fsh attention. called at the hard
vars apartment OF New York store
~ b need Of some lawn hose" he
sac Try the hosiery department
seroiu toor responded the young
hdy iacharge
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17
nne nf IIfe,a Rearets.

Among the lesser regrets that min
gle with graver sorrow for the friends
Of an earlier generation We have lest
are our omissions tC ask them so
many questions they could have an
swered so easily and would have
been pleased to be asked--o w
Holmes
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17

been many that were never recordeq
IN the wilder portions Of the United
States In the first years OF this pc
Rod. Possibly 100 illegal hangings
have taken place in that time that
have never found their way into the
statistics Of lynchings. Very few OF
the members of these mobs have ever
been brought to justice for the part
they have taken In them. 1t is a pc
culiarly American appeal from the
Justice OF the courts In most In
stances the appeal is taken before the
law of the land has any opportunity
Of pun.shing the criminal.
Coatesville, Pa, quiet little town
in the Quaker state. was the scene OF
the last lynching Of note. II has many
churches. good schools and fewer
aliens and illiterates than most VII
lagos whose principal industry is min
ing.
"The average of intelligence is
high" writes a minister who made an
investigation there after the excite
/ ment had died down. There are many
churches here and the religious spirit
has always seemed good.
Il am at q loss to account for this
terrible thing that has happened"
Other investigators made the same
report II was a mystery TO Coates
Vile as to why this thing had taken
place. few hours before had been
Is quiet and peaceable a town as any
in the state. Somewhere out of the
night and from among the people OF
the town a mob had formed and
put to q horrible death a negro &C
cused OF a crime. The next morning
the town was repentant and horror
stricken II Is still wondering how the
occurrence came about
"A man By himself. thinking for
himself. Is whole man: man in q
crowd b only fraction Of himself.
he thinks as the mob fhinks"
That Is the summing up Of the
vague. uncanny power that grips men
vher the cry of lynch him" goes up
That is the summing up OF the opinion
Of the alienist who has had an oppor.
tnniy to watch mob form end make
up It's mind
The alienist does not believe that
any man Is actually responsible Tor
any act committed while he Is gripped
BY the mob spirit
He is temporarily an irresponsible
being.
Mind and mental habits. the good
clean ways OF thinking are dethroued
Tor time at least.
He IL hypnotized By form OF hyp-
nctism that has only recently been an.
Alyzed by the psychologist. While he
b IN Its grip. he has no brain OF mis-
own. He has little memory Of what
actually took place while he was In
thst condition.
Something bigger than himself
svept his own viii power out and
took It's place.
Auusterberg. lie Bons. Sidis and
olhes have analysed and discovered
0s uinciplss Of the mob spirit They
point out that all men are more or less
subject to the influence OF other minds
u Il hard for one man to oppose MS
VII b that OF a roomful OF tndividu
s|s vho are demanding something OF
Am II Is hard for one man or ter
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17
His Ace Against Him.

That eignty-year-old New Yorker
who had lived for seven years In the
streets and was then sent 70 the poor
house may die OF the luxury OF MS
new surroundings He Is pretty old 70
be changing his mode OF life
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17
rru,sm Repeated.

mo man Is truly great says
philosopher. unless he Is able to con
vince his neighbors that be Is That
may be true Anyway. a mans neigh
bors are the last to discover that he IL
great
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17
HANGS Head Downward.

Pittsburg. Pa.-Abraham Motley.
painter. while on 60-foot stack fell
and bis foot caught IN number OF
guy wires As feet above the top OF
building After hanging head down.
ward for an hour. he was rescued IN
injured
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17
Business Forms.

You say that picture has Rem
brandt's SIGNATURE We'll. repIieo
MIR Cumrox. 4 don't remember ex
actly what the picture dealer said
Perhaps Rembrandt didni actually
sign Il Maybe be oniy Endorsed IT,
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17
unc,. Eben.

DE man dat expects to git sumpin
ION nofin'." said Uncle Eben. -gener
ally makes a mighty risky investment
OF time an trouble dat ought to De
worth cousid' able
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17
tsyond NJ. Comprehension.

Thsrs is omething mysterious
zboqt the word psychic said the
nedeii Of occult things. Yes. re
PIED lle plain person; and the most
nysteFious thing about II to me Is
ne Wv they spell II STRAY Stories
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17
u Would Come Back

Lady-"Yes. Tvs an umbrella that
needs mending. but how am to know
that you will bring It backf~ Umbrel
la Mender-"Have no fear. mum :
allus charges more for mendin' than !
could sell the umbrella for
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17
And So on.

what IL this domestic science?' In
quired the engaged girl.
ut consists OF making hash out Of
the leftover meat and croquettes out
OF the leftover hash" explained her
more experienced friend.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17

Americas. Ga--The innovation OF
picking cotton BY moonlight has been
introduced by local farmer because
OF his desire to harvest the crop -
quickly a. possible
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17

"They tell me you took flyer in
Wall street"
eyes," replied Mr.. Lambkin. For
q little while was considerably
ahead"
How much?"
Cant say. Before I had time to
figure It out the market dropped and
wiped me out"
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17
Auto. Pay state $4,000

Hartford. Conn.-The Connecticut
automobile registration bureaus COZ
lections for the year ended September
30 shows fees totaling s230.000 OF
this amount s2.700 was fines
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17
onen..v. omeer..

Bills Longears Is awfully sore on
NE ptiie-~ Yes They've arrested
rim loe times now and each time
tnes ts aiken him to the pound instead
q .ai~-Harper's Weekly
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17
enshrIned Within the Heart.

Enshrined Within the Heart.
It is significant Of the spark Of d.
vinity within US. that no matter how
depraved one may be. one seldom
fails to recognize and hold a certain
respect for truth and justice
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17
COULDN'T STOP HER KISSES


Freeport, N. Principal Arthur e.
Barnes Of the public school says that
when one of his school teachers sat
in his lap. clasped her arms about his
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17
a @. washington Hat.

8 said that n woman's hat
With furns up In front forces her to
adm 4 avery year OF her age Then
rdnhH Is liable TO be turned down
% y cent OF turnup hat
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17

Direction 10 made IN New York 20
drowning stray dogs tor tear 90 many
sunken barks may Jbstrucf nasiga
tion Christian Advocate
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17

Sambo-Say, granmammy, what
makes de moon shine so bright some
times, while some nights is SO dark2
Granmammy-Well. chile. reckon
dat de good Lawd made dem dark
nights so dat poor colored folks kin
have chicken ithout de formality Oh
payin' fob II.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17


There are two months
left of the twelve and
the record OF lynchings
Is being more than sus-
tanned.
Why do we appeal to
this somber myth,
known all over the
United States as
Judge Lynch?"
What is there in the
atmosphere Of a muir
der or an outrage that
makes mems fingers
long for the feel Of the
roper
Why does a mob
form?
Coatesville. Pa, would
like to know.
The repentant citi-
rens of Durant. Okla.
would like to know.
Cairo. ILL.,. is still
wondering what frenzy
entered into the breasts
OF many OF her best
citizens but a short time
since when the mob
spirit was loose In that
city.
Since 1885 and up to
the middle Of the pres
snt year there have
been more than $500
appeals TO Judge
Lynch" There have
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17

she was accustomed to cover up her
neither garments when out of doors.
A hard-hearted magistrate fined her
80 francs
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17
rove What swamp-RoOt WIN Do For Yos

Prove What Swamp-Root Win Do For Yos
Send to DR.. Kilmer & Co.. Bingham
ton, N. Y. for sample bottle. 1t will
convince anyone. You win also re-
ceive q booklet Of valuable informa-
ton, telling all about the kidneys and
Bladder. When writing, be sure and
mention this paper. Regular ffty-cent
and one-dollar size bottles for sale at
all drug stores.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17
ADRUGGISTS FAVOHITE KIDNEY
REMEDY CURED HIMSELF.

Fifteen years ago had an attack Of
acute kidney trouble. / consulted a
physician who gave me medicine
which only relieved me for time. Aft
err disseminating his medicine my
trouble returned as severe as before.
Having heard Of Swamp-Root gave
it trial and can honestly state that
three dollar bottles cured me, never
having any sickness In fifteen years. /
have sold DR.. Kilmer's Swamp-Root as
a druggist for many years and can
give the very best Of recommendation
at all times
You are at liberty to use this state
ment any time you wish.
Respectfully,
w. c. SUMMERS.
1919 Central Ave-. Kansas City, Kans.
With Grand View Drug Co.
State Of Kansas
County of wyandotte 90.
On this 18th day Of August, 1908.
personally appeared before me, w. @.
Summers. who subscribed. to the with
in statement and made oath that the
same is true in substance and In fact.
CHARLES WILSON,
Is.s.- !: Notary Public.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1911-11-17

Y 1910 there
were more
than 20 ap
pc Is to
y u d g Q
lynch.
, The rec
ord for 1911
is by no
means COM
p I 9 { 9
Evening journal., 1911-04-22

hvSsl RUGSil RUGslli
To close our the balance Of 5000 Oc
lot this month, will sell for cash az most
nnheard Of prices. Nelvets Axminsters
Miltons ana Tapestry. All sizes.
Chss. S. Hurlock. 7th & Poplav Sts. matt
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. AND CRFw
managers Room 2s. Grand Union Hotel
Apply Mornings. Messrs Edwards. a21. IA
WANTED-M1LK DAIRY FROM 100 TO
N<l5o Quarts. Apply William orie Els
meIe' a2I gt
Evening journal., 1911-04-22
SOCIAL And
PERSONAL NEWS
Many Visitors Here While
WilmingtOnianS Go Away
for Pleasure
YOUNG PEOPLE SPEND
EVENINGS AT SOCIALS

Mrs. Merritt p Hastings and son
Merritt spent Eaater at Atlantic
City.
Mrs. Harvey coverdslo returned
yesterday TO her home at Bridgeville
after spending ten days with her cou-
sin. Mrs. Lillian Jester.
Lawrence Farnan, Of Chester. vis-
tied friends here this week.
Mrs. Anna Wells. Mrs. Blanche
Young and Evans Ainscow spent
Thursday as the guests Of Mrs. Ray
c. Lykens, OF Chester.
Mrs. Henry Jones and son. Master
Harry. have been visiting friends at
Newark this week
Miss Margaret Davis is visiting her
aunts. the Misses springer OF New
ark
Miss Helen Barcus has returned
from a visit to friends at Newark
Miss Frances Tazewell has been the
guest Of her cousins the Misses Helen
and Alyce Shepherd. OF Newark.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ira Emerson, Mr.. and
Mrs. Robert Lee and daughter Myrtle
and Emerson Collins we're recent
guests of Newark friends.
Mr.. and Mrs. Norman p. Crouch
have been spending several days with
relatives az Middletown.
Miss Corinne Mendenhail is a guest
OF Mrs. William Green, Of Middle
town.
Miss Clara Daniels is spending a
week with friends at Brldgeville.
Miss Mary Williamson, OF Chestnut
| Hill, is the guest of Miss Frances
Vandegrift She was among the guests
at the New-Century Club dance last
evening.
G. l.. Medill was recent guest OF
| his parents. at Newark
Misses Annie and Sarah Wilson, OF
! Newark. spent Easter as a guest OF
friends in this city.
Mr. and Mrs. Merritt d. Fisher and
Mr. and Mrs. Lyn Thomas were re-
| cent Newark visitors.
Mr. and Mrs. H. A. Mouseley. OF
Pleasant Hill, were recent guests OF
friends here.
Miss Virginia Warren, OF Pleasant
Hill. spent the weekend with friends
In this city.
Elizabeth Pennen is the guest Of
Miss Irene Singles Of StrickersvillC.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Mcmillan Of
Kemblesvllle, were recent guests OF
friends here.
Mrs Thomas J. Foracre and
daughter, of Middletown. was spend
, ing several days with relatives here
MIR. and Mrs. Alison Blizzard and
son. G.. A. Blizzard Sd, are spending
a a week with her parents, Mr.. and Mrs
, John b. Welch. Of Milton.
I, Edward Hance OF Delaware City
I. was recent visitor here.
Evening journal., 1911-04-22
TWO OCTOGENARIANS
AT THIS CELEBRATION

Mr.. and Mrs William ID. Venn. cele-
brated the S0th anniversary Of Mrs.
Venn's mothers birth. Elizabeth Nor
ris, on Wednesday night Three gem
erations Of the family we're repre-
scented. An intimate so year old
friend Of Mrs Norris also was among
the guests. The guests were Mrs.
Pyle. Miss BERTHE Pyle, Of Philadel-
phia; Mr.. and Mrs H. G Norris, Of
Colwyn. Pa. Mrs. McComas and Elsie
McComas. Of Washington. Mrs Will
cox. Sadie Shaw. Mrs. Henderson.
Wilmington: Norris Venn. William
Veun and Elizabeth Venn
Evening journal., 1911-04-22
RAINS HOLD
BACK BUILDING
Architects Report Little De-
mand for Building Plans
This Week

Local architects report that II Is a
case OF waiting for the turning OF the
tide before spring building begino.
There are many inquiries being made
but few orders are given. and conse-
quently the boards are bare.
Mrs Charles Copeland will build a
garage at Rising Sun. A Philadel-
phia architect prepared the plans.
Work on the DUPONT building is be-
ing rushed II will be over two
months before it is completed
Contractors Bader and Company
will reroof the Kresge building at No
611 Market street.
\ Plans are out for a modern resi-
dence for N. c. Wyith, Of Chsdd's
Ford.
The contract for remodeling ST..
Peters Church. at New Castle, will
be awarded this week.
o. G. Gooden reports sale Of the
following properties;
No. 407 McCahe street 10 Lee Mel
VIM No. 400 McCabe street, to Thomas
Wise; No 404 North Twentieth street,
to Victor Comegys No. ZIG West
Ninth street. to Thomas Rossiter, and
lot Second and Rodney streets, TO
James Martin. who will erect three
houses, work on which will be started
at once
Real estate transfers show the real
estate market TO be busy at the pres
ent time.
Mrs. Elizabeth G. Robinson, through
the Delaware Trust Company. sold
yesterday the two properties, Nos. 327
and S2s East Second street, TO George
M. Miller.
Real estate in the suburban towns is
having a boom. Ashley. Richardson
Park, Rosselle, Rose Hill and Hillcresl
properties are changing hands, and
new houses are being built in several
Of the towns.
Evening journal., 1911-04-22
DANCING CLASS
ENDS ITS SEASON

The last dance OF the post-Lenten
dancing class season was given last
evening in the New Century Club.
Many Of the college set who ara
spending the Easter holidays at home
and a number OF out-of-town visitors
were among the guests. The decora-
tions we're pink roses ana. music was
furnished by Cooks orchestra.
The patrOnesses were Mrs. Henry
=. Scott. Mrs. Willard Hall Porter and
Mrs Otho Nowland Supper was
served by r.. F.. Hanna. Others acting
on the dancing class committee we're
Mrs. James p. Winchester, Mrs LAM
mott DUPONT and Mrs. John r. Moore.
Evening journal., 1911-04-22

ITy ITyANTED-CoNPETE WHITE GIRL
w for general housework. 11o7 Madison.
Evening journal., 1911-04-22
MISS WAPLEs HONeRED.
Is Chosen Vice-President General or
National Society ID. A. r.

Miss Sophia NAPLES, of Whining
ton. who was the first regent OF Cas-
sar Rodney Chapter OF the d. A. Rs
was yesterday elected to the position
of vice-president-general OF the na-
tional society. The qualification felt
BY the Delaware Daughters that Miss
NAPLES should receive this high hon
or is added to by the fact that she
was the choice Of both regulars and
insurgents and receive the highest
number Of votes Of any officer elect
ted
Evening journal., 1911-04-22
FIR EMEN DANCE
THE NIGHT AWAY

In Turn Hall last evening the first
annual ball of the Independence Fire
Company was given and the patronage
was all that could be desired. Rawns-
ley's Orchestra furnished the music
for the dance. The committee in
charge of the successful affair com
prlsed: Edward Crawford. chairman:
George Fisher, secretary; Robert Rel
der, floor master; William L. Hahn
and A. L. Kirby, assistants; George
Griffith, Charles Emory, William Par.
ris and Christopher Ploesser.