davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The copper era., 1911-09-29
TUCSONAN WAS IN DANGER OF MOB
 VIOLENCE
Ross Arnold Hurried From JOhn- son to Benson After Cold Blood ed Murder, and May Have Been Spirited From Benson Last Night

Tucson, Sept, 27.-That Ross Ar hold, formerly of this city but more
 recently of Cochise county, had to be removed from Johnson to Benson to prevent mob violence and is in danger at Benson because of the strong feeling prevailing there, is the news which reached Tucson last night as the aftermath of a bloody murder committed by Arnold. Will liam Watt, of Johnson, was his vic tim.
 According to the best information obtainabe here Arnold went into store at Johnson and drew a revolver with the purpose of holding the place up. William Watt, one of the men inside, instead of throwing up his hands made a rush for the rear door. Arnold followed and fired On him just as he turned the corner of the house nd killed him instantly, 38 Colt bullet piercing his head. Ar mold then returned to the store and opened fire on F. M. McGovern. who begged for mercy, throwing up his hands and crying Don't shoot me, never injured you.'' After a shot had missed him McGovern also ran out and Arnold followed, putting two bullets into the fleeing mans head, though both were glancing and may not prove fatal.
 After he had thus disposed of the witnesses to his intended act, Ar mold rifed the store. He took every thing in the cash drawer and then went through the stock, securing sev- eral watches and other goods which appealed to him Still hourishing his revolver he fled from he place. and although an alarm was raised he made his escape to Benson.
 The authorities of Cochise county were notifeu of the crime and has, tened to the. scene. Taking up the trail of Arnold, Deputies Allie Howe and Jeff Short followed him to Ben son, where they found him asleep in a room. He denied his guilt, but was taken to ohnson and positively identified by McGovern, who had never lost consciousness. A search of the room revealed the money and valua bles.
 The feeling against Arnold at Johnson was so high that he was rushed back to Benson for safety and last night there was such feeling in Benson that he was not considered safe there. It is probable that be- fore daylight the officers spirited him away toward Tombstone or Bis bee for safe keeping.
 Arnold is remembered by several in this city as a young man of about 2 years vho has had a rather excit- ing career. He was supposed to be mining in Cochise county, and has probably been employed at Johnson up to the time of his outbreak. Whether there was some personal feeling behind his killing of the two men or robbery was the sole motive could not be learned last night
The copper era., 1911-09-29
INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM
 BEFORE J. 5. SUPREME COURT

Of government, guaranteed by the constitution of the United States, the company refused for four years to pay the assess ments.
 The state thereupou brought suit. There was d hard fight in the trial court but the decision was favora ble to the law. A like conclusion was reached by the supreme court of the state. and the company still unsatis- fled, carried the case to the highest tribunal on a writ of error.
 Much attention is being given the case. As the constitutionality of the law is presented squarely it will be in cumbent on the court to deal pri- marily with the fundamental priu- clples. It is estimated that eight or nine millions of people will be imme- diately affected by the result.
 In addition to Oregon,the states of Colorado, Montana, South Dakota, Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Maine now have constitutional pro- visions for the initiative and refer eudom, while the states of California, Washington, Nebraska and Wyoming are preparing to vote on amendments authorizing such features. Nevada has the initiative and is expected soon to add the refere endum.
The copper era., 1911-09-29

ideuts of the club to be chosen from the voters residing in different parts of the city. Ia the future the clu b will arrange for hall for all poli tical speakers who visit Clifton and a committee for this purpose consisting of J. O. Baylor, Ben Crawford, w. O. Wheatley, P. Riley and C. Hooker was appointed.
 A committee on committees was ap- pointed by the President who will make a report at the next meeting bringing in a list of all standing committees who will serve during the campaign.
 4 reception and entertain ID ent committee was appointed by the President consisting of w. B. Kelly, Minor s Smms, P. Riley. P. Anderson. J. J. Kelly, J. J. Jones, John Webster, Duncan McNeil, F. C. Hetch, c. A. Rjsdon. L. V. Hoyt. Geo. Chase, O. Halvrrson, Geo. Carleton, Geo. Fra ser. P. F. Crowley, w. R Wayland.
 Before adjournment he most inn portant committee of all, that of ii h. ance was named, as follows:
 P. Riley, J. J. Kelly, Duncan Nc Neil, R J. Dunagan, E. c. Hetch.
 Regular meetings of the club will be held in the future and entertain ment program provided for each meet
The copper era., 1911-09-29
In the Justice Courts
Chicago.
AIORENCI


 Andreas Telles, tried for misde- meanor, case dismissed for lack of evidence.
 Paulito Vasquez, tried for disturb ing the peace and using vile and threatening language, sentenced to six months in jail.
 Nat Vargos, tried for being drunk and disorderiy, fined S7.50, paid. F. Carillo, tried for being drunk and disorderly, fined ST 50 and is serving the time.
 CLIFTON F. Ultinero, tried for disturbing the peace, fined slO.OO, paid s9.OO and served one day.
 Quad Martinez, tried for disturb ing the peace, serving ten day sen- tence.
 Rudo Bellassos, tried for disturbing the peace, served one day and paid S9 %.
 Jesus Huela, disturbing the peace, fined 5000, paid.
 Antonio Huela, disturbing the peace, fined 5000, paid S9OO and served one day.
 Teresa Johnson, disturbing the peace, fined 5000, paid
 Alberto Montana, disturbing the peace, serving ten day sentence. Mert Brad bury, assault, case dis missed for want ot evidence.
The copper era., 1911-09-29
Death of Pete Slaughter

Word reached Clifton Monday of the death of Pete Slaughter at St. John. MT. Slaughter was a noted cattle man and known throughous the entire southwest and Texas. He has a brother in San Antonio who is a banker and one also at Tom bstone.
The copper era., 1911-09-29

Adjutant T. A Pitt, of the Salva- tion Army accompanied by other officers will conduct services at Li- brary Hall Monday Oct ? and at the Moreuci Presbyterian church Tues day Oct. 8 at p. m. Mrs. T. A. Pitt, who will accompany her husband on this trip, will render several beauti- fuI solos at these meetings.
The copper era., 1911-09-29

Mss Mary Terrell of Hills addition sustained painful, although not ser ious injury, to her eye last Sunday morning by the breaking of an incan- descent light globe. A small piece of glass entered her eye but was re- moved q few minutes afterward at the A. C.. hospital.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14

ern district of New York, against the
American Tobacco Company. The gov
eminent alleged violation o. the Sherman
antitrust law by the American Tobacco
Company and many other allied corpora
lions. including the United Cigar Stores
Company, the r. p. Richardson Company
and the Imperial Tobacco Company, the
last named being a British corporation.
The government complained that the de-
last named being British company.
in restraint of trade in tobacco. The
court was pettioned to restrain the de-
PENDANTS from conducting interstate and
International trade until the Illegal COM
bination between them was dissolved, and
also to appoint receivers to conduct the
business of the constituent corporations
under competitive conditions.
Voluminous testimony was taken for
several months and the case was argued
in May, 1908. about year earlier than
the argument in ST. Louis in the oil case
The argument was had in New York city
before the United States circuit court
there, consisting of Judges Lacombe,
Coke, Ward and Moves. The arguments
for the government were made by J. c.
Me- ito
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14

and this is the penalty sought by the
United States government against the
Standard Oil and American Tobacco COM
panies.
Not only must there not be any re-
straint of the trade of competitors. but
even parties to the combination are not
allowed to restrain their own trade with
the world: that is, both mutual and ex-
traneous restraint are forbidden. Even
reasonable restraint, the kind allowed by
the common law, Is forbidden. Indeed.
restraint of trade and commerce is so
hateful to the Sherman law that the only
kind that law does not prohibit is i'm
material and indirect restraint. such, for
example. as is merely incidental to a
lawful contract.
The term monopoly" has also been de-
fined. The courts have said that Senator
Hanna was right. that there are bad
trusts and good trusts: that a mo-
nopoly was contrary to the antitrust law
only when 1t was attained by unfair and
cut-throat methods, but that monopoly
reached as a reward of fair and hcnorab Bile
endeavor was not unlawful. Restraint of
trade naturally follows from monopolistic
methods. Two of the judges Of the United
States circuit court that decided against
the tobacco combination said that any
thing which restraints competition is bound
to restrain trade also.
The history Of the Standard OIL Com
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14

and corner stake driven at the cor.
rect point, with the. tree a guide to
find it. Sometimes combination of PITS
and mound of earth marked the cor
ners The variations of these plans were
numerous. The new system of planting
hollow iron posts filled with cement il
obviously a vast Improvement.
Some amusing incidents cropped up In
connection with the old-time surveys. In
one case surveyor came to a canyon
twelve miles across. He looked with
some dismay at the rugged country at
the bottom of the canyon-rocky, difficult
to penetrate, filled in with trees. brush
and cactus. Finally he hit on a splendid
idea. He sighted hill on the other side
of the canyon, twelve miles distant, and
then by a circuitous and zigzag course
he made his way across the almost i'm
passable canyon bed. Arrived at the
farther bank, he surmounted it, and then,
after some search, he made a note in his
little book: Found a HILL describing it.
and then-"This seems to be the hill
sighted from the other bank of the
canyon This difficulty being thus dis
posed of, he proceeded with the running
OF his line, and the system he employed
was not discovered until years dteTWdIO,
when the line was being proved from the
opposite direction.
Many of the districts where surveys are
being made are remote from railroad
and difficult of access. Perhaps the most
chara ctertiStic of these is in Harvey
county, Oregon. The point the surveyors
had to reach was 40 miles from a rail-
road station. 1t was task to transport
everything needed for several months by
a party of seven men over that distance.
but it was accomplished.
All the difficulties of inaugurating the
bennett survey have now been met and
solved. 1t has been definitely settled that
the system is feasible, sensible, and far
superior to any other ever in use in this
country, and that by it much time is
saved as well as a great deal of money.
Work will now proceed more smoothly
and efficiently and settlers who are wait
ing to secure homes and prove title viii
be greatly benefited.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14

pany begins in 1865, when John ID. Rookie
Teller was a partner in a partnership
owning one oil refinery. In 1870 the part
nership was changed into corporation.
the Standard Oil Company Of Ohio, with
a capitalization of one million dollars In
1879 the control of thirty-one corpora
tons was placed in the hands of three
trustees (hence the name "trust'). In
1882 the property OF this trust had
reached the value of more than fifty-five
millions In 1882 a still larger trust was
formed, and by 1892 was in control of
eightyfour corporations with a stock par
value of nearly hundred millions.
In 1892 the supreme court Of Ohio de-
clared this Standard Oil trust illegal and
enjoined it from continuing it's operations
in Ohio. Thereupon the nine trustees,
one of whom was John d. Rockefeller.
distributed the stock Of sixty-four Of the
corporations among the other twenty, re-
tanning control of the majority of the
stock Of the twenty, and thus continuing
to control all of the eighty four corpora
tons forming the combination.
In 1899 the Standard Oil Company of
New Jersey. which was one Of these
twenty corporations, was given the lega,
title to the majority of the stock of the
other nineteen corporations, thereby sue
ceeding to the management and control
of these nineteen and of the other sixty
four corporations that they controlled.
At. the same time the charter of the
Standard Oil Company of New Jersey
was amended to empower 1t to engage in
all kinds of business and to act as q
holding company"
And that Is just what the Standard Oil
Company is today-a holding company.
1t is a corporation holding the stock of
the other eighty-three corporations, max
ing UP the huge Standard OIL combina-
ton. But the control Of these constitu-
ent companies and Of the petroleum bust
ness of the country is just as effective
as under the actual trust plan. The
Standard Oil Company of New Jersey
runs the whole thing with q placid Sc
renity that compels admiration.
Nor have the adverse decisions of the
supreme court of Ohio and Of the United
States circuit court faxed the combina-
ton in the least. Today the Standard
Oil Company and its subsidiary companies
manufacture more than three-fourths OF
all the petroleum refined in the United
States, market more than four-fifths OF
all the Illuminating oil sold in the
United States or expo ted from the
United States, and sell more than four
fifths of all the naphtha sold In the
United States. and more than nlne-tenths
of all the lubricating oil purchased by
the railroads of the United States. In
1905 the par value Of the capital stock
Of the corporations controlled by the COM
bination was more than one hundred and
nifty millions, the market value being
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14
lNCAnP
I'M UTAH

entire force Of surveyors had to be pro-
vided with new surety bonds All of the
men We're called in from remote fields in
July to execute the form of bond required
under the ruling in order that they might
be able to draw the pay coming to them.
This made veXatiouS delay. Then, again,
the contracting deputy surveyors were at
work completing the tasks under their
contracts. SO when the year opened there
were few who were at liberty to go to
work under the new system.
The land Office had perfected, after
much study. system OF iron posts to
mark corners, and a large number had
been ordered. They were not ready on
time and this also made trouble. They
are available now, however. and their
use is one of the important things under
the bennett survey as the new sys-
TEN of surveys. is getting to be very
generally known after the name of the
commissioner of the general land office.
The larger of these posts are made after
the following specifications:
Standard wronght-iron pipe. two and half
side diameter. three feet long. one end silt
and spread. forming two-foOt plates; opposite
per and one part zinc, one.eighth inch thick to
lap three fourths inch on pie and hrlnlY nv,
eted thereto. same to be lettered as Indicated
with cast letters indented; pine to he coated
while hot, inside and out with good mineral
asphaItum rubber coating: inside of pipe to
have Of cement concrete consisting OF
equal parts of good, clean, sharp sand and best
quality Portland cement; bottom Of pipe to
have rivet, bolt or wire to secure the core
These posts. tamped firmly in the
ground. should last a century or two. On
the bronze cap is a legend showing the
kind of corner marked, the township,
range, section, and other necessary in
formation Each cap bears the inscrip-
lions General Land Office Survey, 80"
the year being filled in, also the informa-
ton, Penalty $3.50 for removal"
x x
Under the old system corners were
marked in numerous ways, according to
the nature of the country. Sometimes, as
in prairie country, four pits were dug
and stake was driven in the center on
the dissection OF line drawn from opposite
corners. Where trees made it possible, a
bearing tree was selected, the side blazed,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14

equipments, except instruments. This
number was subsequently increased to
eighty parties.
AS to instruments. The evolution of
the surveying transit has been slow. but
after many years the land Office has per-
fected, with the active cooperation of
the instrument makers, style of transit
peculiarly adapted to the work. A large
number of these were ordered with the
promise of delivery in thirty days. At
the end Of the time specified not one
instrument was ready, and it became
necessary to begin work without them.
Then began an extensive search for suit
able instruments. They finally were Sc
cured, but it was one of the vexations
incident to the starting Of a new system.
Whenever It could be done equipment
was hired. Sometimes extravagant prices
were demanded The main office in
Washington was bombarded for weeks
with kilograms telling Of difficulties met
with. Word came from Nevada that
horses could not be hired, and that the
best price at which they could be bought
was 5000 per team. The commissioner
wrote transferring the party to Utah.
and suddenly the surveyor in charge dis
covered that he could get teams for $3.50.
Then he was told that men could not be
hired for less than So a day, but when
this was not forthcoming they were
eventually engaged at s.. One surveyor
calmly wrote in that he had bought
teams at a price which was regarded as
eXorbitant. 1t was too late to protest,
but that man will not be engaged on gov
eminent work next season.
Various and peculiar. ideas existed re-
garding what ought to comprise outfits
for field parties A certain surveyor gen.
eral informed the general land Office that
before parties could take the field in his
state 1t would be necessary to equip them
with safety pins An examination of his
list of supplies showed that he had pro-
vided for a regular field hospital outfit.
such as might be furnished to penetrate
darkest Africa. or for campaigning in
South America.
There were at least fifty items-Squibbs'
mixture, quininS, lint. safety pins, and to
fill out the list, whisky. The hospital
equipment was cut out Surveyors in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14

bennett saw his whole system topping
to ruin through the misdirected zeal of
a subordinate, and he rushed over to the
committee on appropriations and
planned the predica ment. The committee
was busy with the urgent deficiency bill.
and it was about the last day that any
thing could have been done at that SEES
sion OF Congress.
However. the committee saw the need
for. prompt action, amendment was
got through in a hurry, and payments
were authorized for travel and subsist-
ence, thereby meeting the technical OBJ
jections Of the controller Now no ap-
peals are made to the controller from
the land office unless the matters in
doubt have been first referred to the
commissioner for his personal judgment.
The bill changing the system of making
public land surveys was passed June %.
1910 No money could be spent under;
the appropriation it carried until July 1.
All of the infinite labor involved in get
ting parties together and starting them
to work had to be done after that date,
and expedition was essential If anything
Of Importance was TO be done before the
coming on OF winter should put q stop
to active field work.
Men who had been doing a profitable
business with the government under the
contract system hesitated to accept a
salary, even with maintenance. and the
government wanted only the best men.
The most efficient among the contract
surveyors were picked out-men possess
ing not only technical skill, but business
ability as well. The maximum pay al
lowed was 5000 per month. for civil en-
gineers in charge Of parties, with trav-
cling expenses and a per diem, scaled &C
cording to the locality. Some Of these
picked men declined to accept the terms.
There were twelve states in which sur
veying was to be done, and beside at
tending to the field work a new account
ing system had to be put into effect.
However. the land Office succeeded so
we'll that by July 10. scarcely more than
two weeks after the new law had become
effective, there were seventy-two parties
in the field, seven men to each party,
with teams of horses, instruments. sup
plies tents and practically complete
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-05-14

for an early opinion in these important
cases. had advanced its recess for the
purpose of considering them earlier than
the regular Easter vacation.
No decision was, however, handed down
when the court reassembled on this last
Monday in March, and each Monday since
then expectant men. representing the
wealth and brains of the country have
been crowding the Supreme Court cham
bers, only to turn away with the remark,
Next Monday, perhaps" Regular seq
sicns Of the court were closed the last
Friday In April, the meeting days in May
being the following three Mondays: May
1, 10 and 20. May % the court will ad-
journ until the. second Monday in October,
and it is expected now that the Oil and
tobacco decisions Will be the last handed
be made after the business of the country
has closed May 20. thus giving Wall
street a chance to read the decisions amid
the flies and flowers of Decoration day
that is, il such consideration of Wall
street is not beneath the dignity of the
Supreme Court.
The United States government claims
that the Standard Oil Company and the
American Tobacco Company have been
and are now doing business contrary to
the Sherman antitrust law, and the
Supreme Court of the United States has
been asked to sustain the decisions Of the
federal circuit courts-that is, to dissolve
-neSe huge mOnopOlies.
such intense interest in the question of
how the Supreme Court will decide these
cases. The Sherman antitrust law has
stood the test of over twenty years of
fierce legal strife and has proven its eff
fectiveness in preventing the interfer-
ence with interstate commerce despite the
sfforts of the best lawyers in the land
to upset 1t. Should the Supreme Court
now decide against the government, the
work of these twenty years will be lost
aud a harder whack given to the Sherman
aw than the Supreme Court decision in
1888 in favor Of the sugar trust.
An attempt is therefore made In this
article to see how some OF the justices
Of the Supreme Court have decided in
former antitrust cases. especially In
asses more or less analogous to the oil
md tobacco cases, and TO learn, by this
Examination and by other considerations,
something of the attitude Of each JUS
tice toward what constitutes violation
the Sherman law.
But first it will be Of service to make
4 hurried review of how the oil and
tobacco trusts are alleged to have vio-
lated the Sherman law. and Of the pro-
ceeure against them therefor.
The Sherman antitrust law, first intro
duced by Senator Sherman, but entirely
rewritten by Senator Hoar. was approved
July 2, 1890. The thing it forbids is re-
straint Of trade or commerce between the