davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1911-07-14

JOHN G. FREMONT, APPOINTED ONE OF THE
FOUR MAJOR GENERALS OF THE REGULAR
ARMY, WHO RETURNED FROM EUROPE
AND REPORTED AT WASHINGTON LATE IN
JUNE, 1861.
Frankfort and attacked them, killing
eight, driving the remainder two miles
and capturing seventeen horses. On
their way back they were in turn at
tackled by seventy five Of Ashby's COM
mand, but escaped. Only one man out
expedition.
Two more engagements that week
Of some consequence were skirmish
at Bowners, Va, and the capture of
the st. Nicholas by ruse Of the Con-
federates. The promotion of Colonel
Benjamin F. Kelley, the hero of the
fight at Philippi, to brigadier general;
excitement at Denver because of the
expedition of an insurgent force up
Cherry creek, and the arrival Of Cen
eral John G. Fremont at Washington
constituted the other notable events
In the meantime there were impor-
tant movements on foot or in prep
aration by two of the Union armies.
After some hesitation and repeated
urging from Washington. General Rob-
ert Patterson was making ready to re-
cross the Potomac at Williamsport
On June 20 and 80 General Mcclellan
marched his army from Grafton to
Clarksburg. The Confederates were
now in the vicinity of Beverly and
were under the command Of General
Gorrotf ON ovporioucpd officer vpho
had seen service in the Mexican wax.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1911-07-14
Newspapers and the People.

Hundreds OF newspapers In the
/, state, progressive and standpat, have
been shouting their heads of for
years to help elect some man to Of
flee who, after victory exclaimed Ia
the language OF Vanderbilt: 1.-THE
people be damned" An editor is JUS
titled In bringing out and supporting
an honest man for Office who is not
professional pie hunter, but no editor
is justified In using his space and
time and money to boom some fellow
for office just because he calls him
self standpat or progressive. and In
nine cases out of ten such an office
hunter after election, forgets even
the men who were responsible for his
election.
This ingratitude has been over
matched by the law makers who
obeyed or were led into passing special
legislation, and such special iegisla-
tion robs the newspapers of legal pat
ronage and legal rates for legal work,
and fixes uniform price for publish
ing insurance statements at $3.50
while some would be worth q great
deal more. OF course the law makers
did not fix rate for physicians or
lawyers as to what fees they should
charge, but such result would have
been as justitiable as the law robbing
papers Of legal patronage and fixing
prices below actual cost for legal
printing.
One can hardly realize condition
of mind that prompted q majority Of
the legislature to hit the newspapers,
the unseltish, patriotic county and
state boomers who are ever seeking to
improve conditions at home and help
build up the state, and for all their
patriotic work they got it In the neck
but thank the Lord the wrong will
be righted and foul blot on the
patriotism OF the people Of the state
removed, for South Dakota legislA-
ture is the first in the United States
to strike a blow at the success and
prosperity Of the public press and
Governor Vessey approved the law.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1911-07-14
IT WOULD FIT so. DAKOTA POLITICS
The Oregon Primary Law Puts ALI
Candidates on Equal Footing and
Gives the Poor Man a Show.

Washington, July lO.-The an
nouncement that Senator Jonathan
Bourne, Jr., will stand for renomina-
tion and reelection without making
any speeches, distributing any litera-
ture or spending money, has called
attention to the provisions of the
Oregon corrupt practices act, which
makes it possible for candidate in
that State to present his cause before
the voters at nominal expense.
The Oregon law provides that the
secretary OF state shall issue pub
licity pamphlet in which each candi-
date is permitted TO use not to exceed
four pages In setting forth the princi-
Piles for which he stands and the rea-
sons why he should be nominated.
His opponents may occupy like
number of pages in opposition to him
but must sign their names to their
arguments and be responsible.
WHAT CANDIDATES PAY.
Candidates are required to pay
from $40 to 300 page for this space,
the amount varying with the I'M
portance of the office. A copy of this
pamphlet must be mailed to ever re-
gistered voter not less than eight
days prior to election. In practice,
the secretary of State malls the PAM
phlet to the voter as soon as he re-
listers.
This law provides an ample oppor-
tunity for every candidate to present
his claims before the voters OF his
election district at cost which will
not bar any aspirant. 1t practically
compels the candidate to go on record
expressly as TO his principles and poll
cies, and prevents his basing his cam
paign on local ejudices. Since the
same pamphlet goes to every section
of the State, 1t Is impossible for a
candidate to make one appeal to the
voter in the city and another appeal
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1911-07-14

been placed in command there, sup
planting General Cadwalader after
General Butler had been ordered to
Fortress Monroe. This was accompa-
MED by the arrest Of Marshal George
p. Kane and later by the police COM
missioners of the city. While Mary
land seemingly had been pacitied some
weeks earlier, there were still mutter-
ings. After the arrest Of Marshal
Kane and the police commissioners a
quantity Of arms and war supplies was
found concealed under the floors and
elsewhere in the city hall. Colonel
John r. Kenly was placed in COM
mand. There was naturally intense
excitement, and fears We're expressed
that the police force would not serve
under martial law. These fears proved
groundless for the most part. but Colo
mel Kenly deemed it wise to swear III
several hundred Union sympathizers.
This practically ended the attempt
Of southern sympathiZers to take Mary
land out Of the Union Many of them
left the state and enlisted in the Con-
federate armies. 1t was during this
period Of turmoil and suspense that
James Ryder Randall, native Of the
state, but at this time a professor OF
literature in Louisiana. wrote the noble
song 'Maryland."
The despot's heel is on thy shore,
Maryland!
His torch is at thy temple door.
Maryland!
Avenge the patriotic gore
That fecked the streets of Baltimore
And be the battle queen of yore,
Maryland my Maryland!
There were no very important ac-
tions during the week. On June q
the Freeborn landed u company of men
at Matthias point, on the shore of the
Potomac. These were engaged most
of the day in throwing up breastworks.
Just as they were ready to return to
the boats they were attacked by sew
eral hundred Confederates. The Free
born began a bombardment. under
which the men safely got on board,
some of them swimming, but Captain
James II. Ward of the Potomac TO
tilla, who was with the Freeborn. was
killed. From this and previous en-
gagements the Federals learned one
important lesson-that it was a waste
Of time. ammunition and life to bom-
bard these points along the Potomac
unless there was a sufficient land force
to hold them.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1911-07-14

HORACE GREELEY, EDITOR NEW YORK TRIB-
UNE, WHO WAS INPATIENT FIFTY YEARS
AGO BECAUSE RICHMOND WAS NOT TAKEN.
renee for tidings Of battle to be de-
layed two or three days, and sometimes
it was week or more before accurate
details were known. Not only were
the facilities for gathering and trans
mitting news more meager than with
US, but the war disturbed communica-
tons and made the work Of the cor
respondent hazardous and difficult 1t
is not to be wondered at that both the
north and the south were filed with
grotesque and absurd reports. News
of some kind the people must have,
and If they could not get the facts
there were plenty ready to fabricate.
In turn these unfounded rumors tend
ed to infame the passion and prejudice
on both Sides
Greeley's Nerves Relieved.
Mr.. Greeley was to have surcease
from the compromise nightmare, how
ever. On June 20 his Washington cor
respondent had information that Pres
ident Lincoln did not favor compro-
mise, but had determined on vigor-
Gus policy. During the next day or
two the report was confirmed, and the
Tribune was elated accordingly. 1t is
probable that this had been Lincoln's
attitude all along, but he was not max
ing everybody his confidant The time
was one Of frightful suspense. and it
is not surprising that the nerves OF
even so great an editor as Horace
Greeley should become unruly and do
things.
An amusing illustration of the kind
Of rumors that were on the wing ap-
peared In the Tribune of June u.
There were duly set forth purported
extracts from letter written by John
Minor Bolts of Virginia. Mr.. Bolts,
It was made to appear. had received.
few votes for congress and proposed
to take his seat in the national house.
He had Travelled from Richmond to
Washington In disguise. He reported
that General BeaureSard bad just sent
IN alarm message to the cotton states
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1911-07-14

to the voter in the country.
Under this law, a candidate for the
nomination for senator can state his
cause fully to all the voters Of the
State at cost of $4OO In the general
election campaign, the secretary of
States issues another pamphlet, dis
tributed in like manner, In which
each party may occupy not 30 exceed
"A pages, at $50 per page, and each
candidate four pages at 800 per page.
Aside from the amount expended
for space in the publicity pamphlet.
the Oregon law permits every candi-
date to an expenditure of Is per cent.
of one years salary In the primary
campaign and lOper cent. of one years
salary In the general election cam
paign, provided that no candida to
shall be limited to less than S1OO.
RIGID CORRUPT PRACTICE ACT.
Every candidate must file sworn
itemized statement OF campaign ex-
penditures within Is days after cleo
tion. A similar sworn statement must
be filed within the same time by every
person who expended or contributed
$50 or more in support Of or in oppost-
tion to any candidate. -
Doubtless there will be violations
Of the Oregon corrupt practices act
just as there always will be violations
OF every other criminal statute, but
the Oregon law has set high stan
dard in political methods, and by
providing means Of publicity has
removed the necessity for large cam
paign expenditures.
The penalty for violation Of the
Oregon corrupt practices act Is fine
Of not more than $1,000 or imprison-
ment for not more than one year or
both. A candidate violating the law
also forfeits his right to the office.
This is the main barrier preventing
its violation.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1911-07-14
Lew Wallace Fools Enemy.

After Colonel Lew Wallace's victory
at Romney, in western Virginia, he re-
turned to Cumberland and there for
a month was threatened by superior
Confederate force who cut his commu-
nications and isolated him. With only
q few rounds of ammunition and scant
supplies, Wallace's position became
desperate. He sent his sick to Bed
ford, Pa. and started as if to follow
them. When outside the town, how
ever, he faced about ready to give bat
tie. This movement Disconnected a
force of the enemy approaching Cum
berland, and they turned aside, after
which Wallace once more entered the
town. On June 26 force Of thirteen
picked men from his regiment en-
countered forty-one Of the enemy near
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1911-07-14

and heard the story Of RenO's coward
ice and why Custer was slaug Uttered.
Gerard told me how they crossed the
river and attacked the Indians who
fed, and how Reno hesitated to fol-
low up his advantage and then how
the Indians rallied on proof that
Reno was afraid to follow them, and
how Reno, panic stricken, ordered :
retreat and how the Indians killed
the rear guard as they struggled to
cross the river, and no braver soldiers
ever fought than the men under
Reno, but they had a coward for
commander.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1911-07-14

The Uncpapas and Ogallalas then
charged his left flank, rolling up his
line from left to right. When that
point was reached, the soldiers killed
some of the horses for defense and let
loose the remainder; the Cheyennes
said they secured most OF these. The
fight continued, and when the Indians
had killed all except forty, these
rushed in forlorn hope for the tim
Der along the Little Big Horn. All
were killed before they reached the
river This accounts for the line of
dead bodies on that part Of the field
on which no dead horses were found.
The Indians said they would have
fled If Reno's troops had not retreat
ed, for the troops could not have been
dislodged. They also said that when
they left to attack Custer, had Reno
and Benteen followed them down and
fired into their backs, they would have
been between two fires and would
have had to retreat Thus the bat
tile was twice lost.
We walked our horses over the
ground from Reno's last position to
the extreme right of Custer's line,
and we're ffty-eight minutes by the
watch Had Reno's command walked
half that distance it would have been
in action. Moving at a smart trot or
gallop, as cavalry go into action, it
could have attacked the Indians in
the rear easily in fifteen or twenty
minutes.
Custer had commanded large bodies
of troops successfully in many desper-
ate battles. How his strong heart
must have felt when he saw from the
ridge part of his own regiment run
ming from the field, and when The
major part of his command failed to
come into action! His flag went down
in disaster, but with honor. The
greatest military genius could not
win victories with fve-twelfths of his
command when seyen-twelfths re-
mained away. Custer had devoted
friends and bitter enemies. His
brothers and strongest friends died
with him while his enemies lived to
criticize and cast odium upon his
name and fame; but it is easy to kick
a dead lion. 1t would be simple Char
ity to throw the mantle of silence
over the words and actions OF those
who have been his severest assailants.
The nation lost many heroic men
and an able, fearless commander.
Fortunately Custer left one earnest
champion, who, with gentle voice and
graphic pen, has, for more than thir-
ty years, been his constant defender:
and his monuments in imperishable
bronze evidence her sacred devotion.
The editor of the LEADER heard
the story of Reno's cowardice from
Fred Gerard, Clusters chief interpre-
ter. who was sent to Reno before the
battle began, and it was on Gerard's
information that 1 wrote to General
Sheridan, which caused Sheridan to
order the court martial of Reno Tor
cowardice. Gerard was an old friend
of the writer and when he returned
to Fort Lincoln with the remnant Of
the Seventh Cavalry. I called on him
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1911-07-14

ton. 1911.l
4 7 the head of the New York
IA Tribune's editorial column for
1A June 26, 1861, appeared the
following:
THE NATIONS WAR CRY.
Forward to Richmond! Forward
to Richmond The Rebel Congress
must not be allowed to meet there
on the goth of July! BY that date
the place must be held by tho Ma
tional Army!
This was printed in italics and small
caps and was repeated day after day
for several weeks.
The Tribune had now become rather
restive under the delay to get action
and was caustic in it's criticisms. Gen
eral Robert Patterson it accused Of
''moping" because he did not follow
up and attack General Joseph e. John
ston after the evacuation Of Harpers
Ferry Editor Horace Greeley showed
almost equal impatience with General
Scott Even the administration was
not immune from his pen.
One Of the things that aroused the
Tribune editors ire was the talk Of
compromise. At this late day the
peace discussion had nearly all died
out, but there was still an occasional
rumor of southern delegations in
Washington to offer terms of settle
ment. These reports We're as so many
red rags to Mr.. Greeley. One OF his
standing slogans was mo compromise
with traitorsw The endearing epithets
were by no means confined to the
north In Virginia they were calling
General Scott traitor" and an "arch-
traitor" (Scott was a native Of Vir-
ginia) and Lincoln an Illinois ape"
and "beast" Nor were the family
quarrels restricted to the north. Gree
ley may have scolded because there
was not more energy displayed at
Washington, but this very week came
report that General Robert E. Lee
had threatened to resign because Of
differences with Jefferson Davis and
General Beauregard.
In those days the news travelled
slowly. 1t was no uncommon occur
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1911-07-14
The War Fifty Years Ago.

Horace Greeley Demands That National Army Occupy
Richmond Before July 20. 1861---Great Editor I'm
patient Because of Talk of Observation-Disclosures
Dub Lincoln illinois Ape and General Scott Arch
Trator'-Slipshod Way of Handling News Features
In Those Days---Genera Banks Declares Martial Law
In Baltimore---Randall's "Maryland Lyric Written.
General Patterson Preparing to Recross the Potomac
at Williamsport.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1911-07-14

Elmer Suebert returned Sunday
from an extended trip during which
he visited many places Of interest n
the west.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles r.. WhitmOro
are rejoicing over the arrival Of =
very handsome little baby girl q
their home In this city wednesday
July 5th.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1911-07-14

begging them to raise 100000 men at
once or they would be ruined" The
letter contained other fearful and won
derful information, and Greeley wrote
an elated editorial thereon. Two or
three days later he was quite 'peev-
cd at charges that the whole thing
was forgery and rather elaborately
explained that be had received other
letters from John Minor Bolts and
could have sworn this was genuine.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1911-07-14

BENJAMIN F. KELLEY, COMMANDER AT
BATTLE OF PHILIPPI, COMMISSIONED
BRIGADIER GENERAL EARLY IN JULY.
1861
from excess Of zeal. All recognized his
hearted devotion to the Union. His
name will be remembered as long as
newspapers are published or as men
love liberty.
Martial Law In Baltimore.
Perhaps the most important event Of
the week ending July l was the virtual
declaration of martial law in Bald-
more by General N. P. Banks, who had
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1911-07-14
Journalism In 81.

The manner of playing up" news
stories was a spectacle for men and
angels. All the Washington news was
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1911-07-14


CLARED MARTIAL LAW IN BALTIMORE
LATE IN JUNE, 1861.
dumped together, hit or miss. Ere
quently the matter under the Wash
ington date line would start out with
a discussion of the weather, then re-
count some reception, next editorialize
and finally, after batch Of minor
items Of more or less Importance,
would give the news Of historic bat
tie. The reader in those days had to
be laborious and patient. He needed
a microscope to spy out the really i'm
portant item, which was nearly al
ways buried in a muck Of tr1vialities-
In the Tribune this was offset to some
extent by a daily editorial, entitled
--latest News of the War;" In which
there was some idea of news values
and sense of proportion. Mr. Greeley
was a better newspaper man. accord
Ing to the modern acceptation of the
term, than his correspondents or head
writer's.
Greeley Editorials Were Events.
The Tribune is mentioned because it
was by all odds the chief journalistic
force during the war. Indeed, no sim
gle newspaper has ever played so his
tor1c a part during the life Of the ma
ton, and it is scarcely possible that
one ever will. Some Of the Greeley
utterances were more than editorials.
They were events. Whatever impa-
tience he showed with the administra-
ton or with leading generals came
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1911-07-14
By JAMES a. EDGERTON.

ICopyrlght by AMERICAN Press Assoc1a-
ton, 1911.
4 Il the head of the New York
~ Tribune's editorial column for
June &c, 1861, appeared the
fOllOwing.
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1911-03-02
COMMISSION sUsPENDs
PROPOSED ADVANCES

Washington, Feb. 27.-Advances in
freight rates on grain, grain products
and seeds made by the Chicago, Rock
Island & Pacific railroad and other
carriers in the west and northwest
were suspended today by the inter
state commerce commission from
March / to July /, 1911.
The suspensions of these rates is In
line with the suspension of the rates
en- other roads previously announced.
The proposed increases were ON grain
grain products and seeds between Chi
cago and Peoria, H., and places in
western and northwestern states. A
determination of their reasonableness
probably will be reached before July
list.
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1911-03-02
Aftermath Of Aviation Meet
Continued from Page I.

moneys worth and want no come
back"
A merchant was the next one to
give expression. He was sore to the
core, and pronounced 1t all fake,
and thought the money ougt to be
passed back. "How about that fake
suit you sold me year ago." asked
Old Sport. Mr.. Merchant then recall
led that he had solo the suit year
ago, and in order to do so "puffed 1t
ur" considerably. The suit did not
come up 10 expectations, and fell far
short of representations, yet this
merchant when approached explained
that the purchase was made" with
eyes open," and instead of giving
money back sold another suit.
A knitting factory man next fell
into the grasp OF Old Sport. He, too
was sore because he could not regu'
late the universe to his liking, but
when he recalled that mis- sweaters
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1911-03-02
AN EXCELLENT BILL.

No better bill could be passed for
the interests of Utah right at pres
en- that $. b. 102, by President Gard
ner, which establishes a Bureau OF
immigration, Labor and Statistics for
the proper collection of all kinds of
statistics concerning the state. That a
western state which expects to get
the usual share of immigration that is
now taking place throughout the ma.
ton, has no bureau which can gath
er proper and authentic figures on
the resources and industrial, agricul-
tural and educational features of
Utah, is a sad reflection upon its eff
ficient enterprise.
We all know to what rtmarkable
extent Idaho and other western states
grew during the past ten years. Idaho
increased her population over 100 per
cent. She has an efficient Immigra-
ton Bureau in active service; and one
who knows the scope of such a bu.
reau, knows that it was largely in.
strumetal in supplying land compan,
les and other parties interested in
building up the state with very val
liable information upon which they
could work.
1t is a sad fact that Utah cannot
now boast of being able to put FORTH
properly and exhaustively, an anthem.
tic table of statistics on labor, immi-
grafton, education, or almost any
other of the varied statistical fields OF
the state.
This bill has already passed the
senate unanimously, but is yet to
run the gamut of the house. 1t should
pass with a liberal appropriation for
its maintenance. Once such an office
is established and its usefulness even
partially revealed, the wonder will
be that the state ever got along without
It, Utah should fall in line with al
states, for indeed few states are Their,
which do not possess a bureau of sta
tstcs.