davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1911-08-20

The Emperor himself fully understood
the great power of political caricature,
looking upon it as an inferior part of the
public press. He therefore not only sup
pressed il in France and in the countries
subject TO his power. so far as his own
sacred person was concerned, but at the
same time encouraged it as a weapon of
attack against England. Nay, more.
Professor Rose points out In his inter
esting introduction that Napoleon him
self had a born gift for caricature, and
that the main idea of the French anti
spired by him. Quoting a letter from
him to Fouche written in 1905, directing
the Imperial Minister Of Police to have
caricatures made: An Englishman.
purse in hand, entreating the various
powers to take his money etc" Pro-
fessor Rose says:
The final suggeston-John Bull purse in
hand"-shows that amidst the vast sweep
Of Napoeons powers were some which
would to-day have given him a distin-
guished position on the staff of Punch.
This. however, by the way, for Mr..
Broadley's subject is not caricature
during the Napoleonic era. but the car
features in which Napoleon. his wives
and his family figured. The first eX-
listing cariCature in which he is repre-
sented French, Of course. our author
has found in a water-color sketch made
in 1898 by Isabey. but Mr.. Norman
Young reproduces in his Growth Of
Napoleon" still earlier caricature
made Of the future Emperor by one OF
his fellow students at Brienne. This,
however. is of only academic interest.
as IT is nothing but an unacceptable
schoolbovs scrawl
General Buonaparte crept gradually
into English caricature via the planned
French invasion. at first merely as an
incidental minor parsonage. The first
plate in which he is the central figure
is Isaac Cruikshank's "Buonaparte at
Rome Giving Audience in state" pub
lished on March II, 1877. which repre-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1911-08-20

sented him as grossly insulting Pope
Plus vi. but which was a historical
blunder. as Napoleon never went 10
Rome. either In 1907 or at any other
time A month later, on April IA, ap-
reared the second caricature. also by
the elder Cruikshank, labelled Ihe
French Bugaboo," In which, unlike the
first one, there was not even the small
ost attempt at a portrait Thenceforth
the attack never ceased until the arch
enemy was safely Gagged on the rock OF
st. Helena.
German Napoleonic caricature may he
said not to have begun until 1913. For
some years the Germans were not unfa-
vorable to 1.-The upstart,' whom they
rather regarded as a liberator and the
champion Of republican principles; later
the country became the Napoeonic bat
tlefeld. too closely under his domina-
ton to exercise such gifts Of satire as
4 possessed, which were only small The
early plates are generally copies or
adaptations Of Gillray. Rowlandson and
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1911-08-20

gives us in these two volumes. In an
earlier study of his. Napoleon and the
Invasion Of England" written in cOlab-
Grafton with Mr.. II. r. B. Wheeler. he
bestowed special attention on the Eng
rsh caricatures relating directly to that
threatened danger and thus was led TO
begin the far greater, more difficult and
infinitely more important task now so
brilliantly completed The book is not
merely a catalogue rdiSOnn6, though as
such collectors will find it Indispensable;
n is also a history, tracing causes and
effects. meanings and their origins, and,
above all else. the power Of caricature as
a political influence.
In general way the English speaking
world is tolerably familiar with the work
of Gillray, Rowlandson and the Cruik-
shanks, father and son, as political car
toonists. but Of the food Of NapoleOnic
caricatures on the Continent in France
itself, in Spain. Italy, Russia, Germany,
the Netherlands. Switzerland and the
scandinavian countries. IL knows praC-
tically nothing This vast body Of for
eign caricature comes within the scope
Of Mr.. Broadley's work. and If one of his
two volumes is devoted exclusively TO the
English practitioners of the art, and
even overfows into the second, he only
reflects in this apportionment Of his
space the overwhelming importance Of
their work, not only in quantity but also
In quality. and in its influence upon the
Continental cartoonists.
England alone had fair field against
Napoleon in this form Of political war
fare; the rest Of Europe was under his
heel. English caricature alone is a COM
plete record Of Napoleonic history. Con-
tinental caricature Of the Corsican did
not lift its head. generally speaking until
Spanish valor called halt 10 his AFRO
giant ambition in the South and Gen
eral January crumpled UP his bcttalions
on the frozen plains Of Russia in the
North. Germany followed in 1913. then
Holland. France, in 1914 and 1915, was
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1911-08-20
NAPOLEON AFTER THE BURNING OF MOSCOW
rom a Russian illustration In Napoleon in Caricatureo

the date Of that event itself, though Ma
poleon's comments thereon often were
not made until several days afterward'
but it is a different matter when the
compiler takes a remark made at 81.
Helena. at the end Of the Emperor's
career, and places 1t in the very midst
Of it, This, however, is done only spar
ingly.
II is much TO be regretted that consid-
erations Of space have made it impos-
sible for Mr. Johnston 10 indicate In
footnotes the many sources from which
his text has been taken, but. as he points
out, had he done so, the footnotes would
have been longer than the diary itself.
The record is, Of course, of uneven i'm
portance Napoleon, too, knew that lam
guage has been given us to conceal our
thoughts. There are episodes over which
the diary gides with disappointing brief
ness-the Russian campaign, for in
stance. to quote but one Of many. On
the other hand, the EmperOr's own ac-
counts of the battles around Leipsic, of
the futile but brilliant campaign OF 1914,
of the return from Elba and Of Water
loo are full of interest and movement.
And the story Of the exile on St Helena
loses nothing in the telling. A happy
thought is the appendix, giving list Of
the sovereignties bestowed by Napoleon
upon his family, and Of the ducal and
princely titles he gave to his marshals
and officers Of state. The Bonaparte
marriages are also tabulated.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1911-08-20

1t was copied and adapted in seven
France, and reproduced in pottery and
other mediums The author devotes a
special chapter to this exceptionally
popular caricature, which was accom-
panied by the following explanation:
The Hat is the Prussian eagle. which has
seized the great man I'm its claws and Will
not let 90.
The Face represents a few Of the bodies
Of the one hundred thousand men which
his lust for glory sacrificed.
The collar is the great stream Of blood
so long outpoured for his ambition.
The Coat is a portion Of the map If the
dissolved Confederation Of the Rhine. At
all the places indicated he lost battle.
The Spider Of the Legion of Honor il q
spiders web. whose threads embraced the
whole Rhenish Confederation, but i'm the
epaulet is the Mighty Hand ~ God
stretched out to tear asunder the web
wherein Germany was ensnared and de-
stroy the insect which held the position
which ought TO have been occupied by the
heart.
The history Of Napoleonic caricature
in Italy is one Of laudation Of the lib
orator. followed. after a period of en-
forced silence and obligatory adulation.
by an outbreak Of virulent occasionally
ignoble, viifcation. The Spaniards.
drawing upon England for financial sup
port and military aid. drew also freely
upon her trio Of master carcaturists. In
this field Mr.. Broadley encountered great
difficulties on account Of the lack of
representative collection. His work is,
therefore. that of the pioneer. Among
the native Spanish cartoonists the first
place is given 10 Francisco Jose de Goyd.
and of course. the bull figures largely
In the nations pictorial attacks upon the
enemy. Dutch Napoleonic caricature -
distinctly disappointing. ths more so as
the Low Countries were the centre Of
this form Of political warfare in the
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,
during their struggles with Spain. and
later with England and Louis XIV. The
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1911-08-20
Literary .Nes1s and Criticism

Of two opinions. Cruel pictorial attacks
upon Napoleon were found side by side
with biting caricatures of the obese
Bourbon and his inept government.
There were satires on the "turncoats"
and "weathercocks,' revolts against the
'1lberators" who made so free with the
country and all that It contained A
curious feature of French Napoleonic
caricature at this period is the number
of plates drawn after the event and then
antedated, as in the case. for instance.
Of one of several Returns from Elba.'
The Hundred Days produced a COM
plete reaction, but after Waterloo the
abuse of the dead lion broke loose unre-
strained. One Of the bitterest attacks
on Napoleon, questioning his personal
courage. is found in the Nap oleon sur
renders, but does not die" plate, repro
duced here.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1911-08-20
VOLAPUK.
From The London Globe.

From The LONDON GLOBE.
A few years ago Volapuk was the or
der Of the day. and we are only re-
minded of its erstwhile fame by reading
an account in a Paris contemporary of
the death of its founder. He was an &c
clesiastlc named Schleyer, and his meth
cd was 10 constitute a universal lam
guage by borrowing freely from the
Roman and German tongues. The pro-
posal received great deal Of attention
from serious writer's. and it goes without
saying that II came i'm for a lot Of ridi-
cule The effort might have succeeded
had it not been for Esperanto. The old
priest watched the rise and decline Of
his proposal, and he lived To see its fall.
The thought that must suggest itself 10
all who give the matter consideration is:
Why should there be a new language?
Why not teach boys to write Latin as a
univ ersal language? An effort in this
direction is being made I'm Germany.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1911-08-20
LITERARY NOTES.

THE Country NJ the Blind" IL the M.
Of forthcoming book made ND from N.
short stories Of Mr.. II. G. Wells A few
new stories have therein been added -
many previously published.
Tho Intimate Life Of China.
Mr.. r. j. Dingle is an American wbo
two years ago, walked through chin.
from Shanghai to the frontier OF British
Burmah. He lived with the Chinese NJ,
the way. became intimately acquainted
with their characters and lives. and va,
often in much danger. The story Of hi,
Journey is told in a volume which. undo,
the title Of Across China on Foot" Ho,
will publish In October.
Mr.. Barrie's Book.
Mr.. Barries new book Is finished a,a
will be given to the public in October
He has called IT Peter and wendy."
"Kennedy Square"
Mr.. F. Hopkinson Smiths new novel
Kennedy Square" will be published BY
the Scribners next Saturday. II is.a
dramatic love story Of the South
Tho Lovely Laura.
was Petrach's Laura the elderly VII,
Of the Marquis de SADIE and the mother
Of eleven children? or was she another
Laura, a lovely maiden and the sister
OF the other Laura's husband? An ItaI-
ian scholar who has been investigating
the matter believes that the poet ad-
dressed his verses 10 Laura. the young
girl who, as IL happened. died in ths
same year as did her sister-in-law.
This Italian scholar tells US that two
hundred years after her death the tomb
Of the young Laura de SADIE was opened
by order OF Francis 7, and that IN tho
coffin was found sonnet by Petrarch
American NoveIsts at Work.
Mr.. Hamlin Garland is busily engaged
in writing novel OF so-called psychic
interest Mrs. s. B. Kennedy has been
reading the proofs Of "Cicely." a roo
nance Of the Civil War. which Double-
day. Page e. Co. are 70 bring out soon.
Mrs. Edith Wharton's new novel Is 10
be issued in England this autumn. II Is
to be hoped that all these writer's are
free from the languors OF one Of whom
II IS said that he finds the great strain
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1911-08-20

his development. AS for direct heredi-
Mr.. Young rather doubts II we have as
yet advanced far enough in their study
10 rely upon the tentative results at
tanned He gives the fabulous pedigrees
/ compiled for Napoleon in the days OF
his greatness among them that making
him a Bourbon by descent from the Man
in the Iron Mask supposedly Louis
XIV's elder brother; that made at W.
emma. which gave him ruling prince Of
Treyiso for earliest progenitor and,
finally. the one made in recent times by
an Italian admirer. tracing his lineage
back To Charlemaene. Napoeon's own
opinion on the subject is sufficiently well
kncwn. MA dynastie. c'est moi" he
Is reported 10 have said to his Austrian
father-in-laW and he caused to he print
ID In the "Moniteur' an official state
ment to the effect that the house Of
Bonaparte dated from the 18th Bru-
marie: Soldier. magistrate. sovereign.
the Emperor owes all To his sword and
his love of tho people"
But If Mr. Young's faith in heredity
is small his confidence in the power of
environment is great His thesis is that
Napoleon was Corsican OF the Corsi-
cans that their virtues were his. their
faults his own. and that he acquired
them-and that they formed his charac-
ter for life-during the first nine years
of his existence. To prove that Napo-
leon was "A typical Corslcan in every
fibre Of his being. the author draws a
striking parallel between the character
istics OF COrsica's national hero, Paoli.
and those OF the first Emperor of the
French, relying In the process upon
Boswell's well known portrait OF Paoli.
and reinforcing the comparison by ex-
tracts from the memoirs OF the son OF
Theodore Neuhof. the noble German ad-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1911-08-20
The Corsican in Picture and
Print.

NAPOLEON IN CARICATURE, 1795-1SM-
BY A. NJ. Broadley. With an introduc-
tory on pictorial satire as a factor In
Napoleonic history by J. Holland Rose,
Lift. D. Cantab. With nearly 30 Illus
trations, "a I'm color. Svo, 2 vols. PIP.
lxxvii. S9l. xii. AL. The John Lane
Company.
THE GROWTH OF NAPOLEON. A study
in environment. BY Norwood Young.
With portrait and Illustrations Svo, PIP.
xii, AIS Dufield & Co.
THE CORSICAN diary Of Napoleon s
life in his own words BY Napoleon
Bonaparte. limo, PIP. vi, b26 Boston:
The Houghton-M ifiiin Company.
1t is perhaps the very magnitude Of
the subject that has thus far deferred
the students Of the Napoleonic era,
French and foreign, from writing a
History Of Napoleon in Caricature' like
the admirable work which Mr.. Broadley
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1911-08-20

he makes occasional abbrevia-
tons. and, where more than one version
OF Napoleonic speech is In existence.
combines them into what appears TO him
to be the best composite report All
this is very we'll. but one cannot help
questioning somewhat the transposition
OF certain passages. Not that this mat
tiers where It is done In order to group
together all the details OF an event under
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1911-08-20
A FINE PRE-NoRMAN CHURCH
From The Dundee Advertiser.

Many churches in Britain owe their
origin to the piety Of the Norman in
vader. but those which antedate this
great period Of church building are not
so numerous. One such pre- Norman edi-
flee is the fine old Parish Church Of
Worth. near Three Bridges. A little
book, written by the Rev Arthur
Bridge. the rector of Worth, tells the
history Of what is aptly described as
one Of the most remarka BILE relics Of
bygone age. 1t seems probable that the
church passed with the Manor Of Worth
under the will Of Alfred the Great 10 his
third son, Ethelward. Archeologists
will be lavish Of thanks 10 Mr.. Bridge
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1911-08-20

for the interesting and useful little rec
ord Of his unique church He tells us
that Worth exhibits the earliest exam
pie Of the purely English cruciform
building. and its semi-circular eastern
end Is OF very ancient date. But the
whole church, as might be gathered
possesses many features which make IL
Of peculiar fascination TO the student
OF the antique. The windows. for in
stance, have not suffered restoration"
and are well known TO all students of
architecture here and on the Continent
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1911-08-20

pages having been written by Bourrie''.
himself: and Niilemarest ana h0'N 4,
feuille wrote together the memoirs y
Constant. Napoleon's valet. NJ Ih'S''.
admits that while all these memoirs ~"
tain imaginary incidents, they neVeiu
less relate truthfully many personal !"
reriences and observations derived
people living In the deeply interests
period with which they deal. .l
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1911-08-20

Cruikshank. The battle OF Lelpsic
brought TO the fore two good native
craftsmen, however. the South German
Voltz and the North German Schadow.
voltz drew the Triumph Of the Year
1913" which took all Europe by storm.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1911-08-20
VOLTS FAMOUS CARICATURE
From a German Illustration in "Napolecd
in Caricature."O

Of composition in the last few weeks be-
fore his book is finished after comple,.
ing his last work, for example. he was
all but confined 70 his bed for nors
than a month
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1911-08-20
Forced Memoirs.

Many we're the forged memoirs brought
out in France during the reign OF Louis
XVIII-so many that they furnish much
amusing material for NJ. Augustln Their
rvs new book. Les Grandes MysuAca1
tons Litteraires." The author believes
that the greater part Of the French me-
moirs published between 1925 and 1sD
were forged by the Baron de Lamothe-
Langon. These include the memoirs o.
Louis XVIII, OF the Duchesse de Berry,
Of Sophie Arnould and OF the Prince IA
Talleyrand. Maxine de Villemarest IS
credited with the authorship OF the me-
moirs of Bourrienne. not more than sixty
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1911-02-10
Bread and Dyspepsia.

The conclusion that wheat bread is
unfit for dyspeptics, sometimes jump
ed at because ill effects are noticed to
follow it's use, is erroneous. On the
contrary, it has been pointed out by
Bouchard and others that farinaceous
food is peculiarly adapted to some dys-
peptic patients. It is the microbes in
the starch which are capable of pro.
ducing irritating acids that cause the
trouble. To avoid this Bouchard rec
ommends that only the crust or toast
ed crumbs of the bread be used by
dyspeptics, particularly those whose
stomachs are dilated. The reason Of
this is explained by the fact that bak-
ing temporarily, though not perma-
nently, arrests the fermentation Of
dough. When it is again heated by
the warmth of the stomach the fer
mentation is renewed. In cases where
the bread is toasted brown through
the fermenta ton is stopped perma-
nently.-Family Doctor.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1911-02-10
Queer Church characterization.

The chancellor of the diocese who
refused to sanction the design for a
memorial window in a Carlisle church
on the ground that an angel is depict
ed wearing the coat of arms of the
dean and chapter of Carlisle would
assuredly make short work of the Lin
coin cathedral limp" which finds a
place among the angels forming the
angel choir in that building. Up and
down England are to be found hun
dreds Of examples Of the humor Of
ecclesiastical architects Of past age
from the snarling griffins worked into
the stonework Of Henry Wis chapel.
Westminster abbey, to the dun COW
and milkmaids in Durham cathedral.
A cat playing violin can be seen in
Wells cathedral, and in Hereford ca
thedral two cats, apparently perform
ing violin duet. Boston "Stump' is
crowded with fantastic carvings,
among which may be mentioned a
wife chastising her husband, teacher
Gaming pupil and an orchestra COM
posed Of bears playing an organ, a
bagpipe and drum.-Westminst
Gazette.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1911-02-10
curjnu : Snake Bite.

This is how the Indians Of Central
America cure a snake bite: They pin
the unlucky patient to the ground and
wind strong creepers above and below
the bite until they cut into the flesh.
Then they apply live coal to the
wound to cauterize it and follow that
up by rubbing in a mixture of chewed
tobacco and crushed garlic. By this
time the victim is nearly mad with
pain and ready to kill every body in
sight, especially when he finds. as he
often does. that the snake was not
venomous. -.< .--~
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1911-02-10
LEGISLATION E MAY RESULT
Illinois Senate Committee Investigate.
Carnonn% %AI..,...., 90

{ II i Is -.
Illinois Senate Committee Investigate.
Garment Workers Strike.
Chicago, Feb 10. The state senate
committee has concluded its investi.
cation into the garment workers
strike, which was called off last Mon
day. The strike lasted four months
and involved about 4U,OOO workers,
States Attorney E. w. Wayman re-
fused to take the evidence gathered
by the senate committee for presenta-
ton to the grand jury He could not
see. he said, where there had been
any violation of the law. Senator
Henson, chairman of the committee,
said the evidence would be used to
frame legislation aimed at the aboli-
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1911-02-10
tion Of blacK1istlng agency alleged.
to be maintained BY the clothing
manufacturers.
SUES OIL TRUST FOR FEE

Counsel Who Successfully Resisted
Big Suit Asks $125, 0oo..
Chicago. Feb. 10.-Suit has been
filed in the municipal court here by
Attorney Chester Bond of jackson,
Tenn, asking $125,0OO of the Standard
OIL company for legal services in aid
ing the company in resisting the gov
ernment's suit in Tennessee last fall,
which sought to exact matter OF
some $30,O00,000 penalties for alleged
rebating..
Mr.. Bonds contention is that he was
employed to conduct the case and that
after winning it he was refused what
he considered reasonable fee.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1911-02-10
New Cash Wani- Rate
!: } Cent
HELP WANTED.
WANTED-A good girl to do cook
ing. Good wages. SIS Bemidji
avenue.
eoR SALE

sOR SALE-Rubber stamps. The
Pioneer will procure any kind Of
rubber stamp for you IN short
notice.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1911-02-10

being stepped upon At dancing 1arty
held at st, Charles a month ago, MRs
Agnes Holland, aged seventeen,
member Of this years ST. Charles high
school graduating class, is dead Of
blood poiso ning. The girl first noticed
the effects Of the bruise week after
the dance. ~ #
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1911-02-10
|SKYSCRAPER FOR SEATTLE
Will Be Highest in World Outside Of
New York City,

Seattle, Wash, Feb. 10.-The last
obstacle in the way Of the erection of
a forty-one story building in this city
by the estate of the late L. c.: Smith
Of Syracuse, N. Y, was removed when
the council committee that has been
going over the plans voted to grant
the permit.
The local agent for the Smith estate
Informed the committee that the sky
scraper, which will be the highest
office building in the world outside of
New York, will be begun within the
next six weeks
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1911-02-10
Nearly a Centenarian.

Los Angeles, CAL, Feb. 10.-Within
four months of her centenary, Mrs.
Rebecca Spring, mother of Steele
Mackaye, the dramatist, and friend of
most of the literary celebrities of mid
Victorian days, died at her home here.
Mrs. Spring was the daughter of Ar
mold Bussen, prominent anti-slavery
leader
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1911-02-10
Blows Up Wall tor Liberty.

Racine, Wis, Feb To- George H.
Robinson, accused of series of bur.
Shries, In some mysterious manner
struggled gunpowder into his cell
and blew down an entire side wall
of the jail to give him a chance to
escape. Before he could get out of
the buildin~ he was captured by the
sheriff. The damage amounts to
81, 900.