davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1911-11-03

us Baker fel, the other cOloaeis for q
time acted each on his own hook with.
out concert or action.
Baker was United States senator
from California. He had declined a
commission as brigadier general and
had one as major general under CON
sideration at the time of his death.
Congress called upon President Lin
coin to investigate the Balls Bluff
disaster, and when he declined to do
so It appointed the famous joint com
mittee on the conduct Of the war,
with instructions to investigate the
most atrocious military murder in his
tory" About this time General Stone
came under a cloud in a manner not
connected with the battle Of Oct q,
but he was arrested by order Of the
secretary of war and confined in Fort
Lafayette, New York harbor. He was
examined before the committee on the
conduct of the war, but no charges
were preferred against him. He was
released after seven months imprison-
ment and subsequently restored to ac-
tive service under General Banks in
the west. After the war he became
noted as "Stone Pasha" in the army
of the khedive.
The judgment of military men upon
Stones responsibility for Balls Bluff
was that he acted throughout the af-
fair under a misapprehension. He sup
posed another Federal division under
General G. A. Mccall. marching up the
Potomac on the Virginia side. was
pushing the Confederates back from
the river south Of Balls Bluff and Cor
mans camp at Edwards Ferry; that
the commander Of the army wished
him to take Leesburg, point four
miles inland from the battlefield Of
Balls Bluff, and that there were no
Confederates in any force in that vi
cinity, as his scouts truthfully report
ed. But the Confederates could move
on shorter lines. They deceived Stones
subordinate, German. at Edwards Fer
ry, and ignorance or negligence. per-
haps BOTH led to the disaster Mt Balls
Bluff. Baker had discretion in bis or
ders from Stone to call Deyens back
from the Virginia shore or re-enforce
him there and fight He chose to
fight.
Strangely enough, the Confederate
leader at Balls BluG acted upon his
own discretion in bringing on the bat.
tie. He took the field without the
knowledge OF bis superiors for the
purpose Of covering Leesburg from
Federal attack
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1911-11-03

"Divekeepers fight license, D
is one of the wonderful argu-
ment used by the whisky inter
ests in favoring the licensing of
the saloon business. Might as
we'll say thieves and pimps
would fight a license giving
them certain hours in which they
could steal and ply their voca.
tions without molestation. Still
it is as good an argument as can
be made for any degrading and
indefensible business.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1911-11-03

BY CAPITA, RICE l. KILr1ER. Late
". ,. Y.
tCopyrigbt -, American Press Associa-
tion, l9l1.l
THE third week in October fifty
years ago was marked by a
n series Of shrmishes in Missouri
near Frederickstown and in
Virginia n martial mixup on the Poto-
mac line which is technically called a
battle. Historically recorded as a
blunder, a disaster and n slaughter,
the action fought at Balls Bluff, near
Leesburg, Va, Oct 21, 1861, at least
demonstrated that a natural slaughter
pen is not the place to give new sol
diers first lessons in battle In the
Bull Run encounter novices did have
a fighting chance and scored little sue
cesses. They gave up the game at
last with the feeling that they had
learned some things and could do bet
ter next time.
Four Federal regiments were un-
der fire at Balls Bluff, but the brunt
of the fighting and loss fell upon the
Fifteenth Massachusetts, which open
ed the battle. On Oct. 20 Colonel
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1911-11-03
THE WAR FIFTY
YEARS AGO

October, 1861, Added to the List
of Federal Defeats the Action
in Viginia Known AS Balls
Bluff or Leesburg, Designated
by Congress as "the Most
Atrocious Military Murder in
History" - Federal Troops,
Unprepared, Drawn Into Dis
astrous Battle-Death of Col.
E. ID. Baker, Senator from Cal
ifornia and Personal Friend of
Lincoln - Blunders Which
Heroism Could Not Retrieve.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1911-11-03

GENERAL EPPA HUNTON, O. S. A., COLONEL
or THE EIGHTH VIRGINIA.
deploy for the same purpose. These
men skirmished until dark, when those
who had clung to the bank were rushed
by the Confederates and captured
When Colonel Devens saw that the
day was lost he told his men to save
themselves. Some jumped into the
river and swan to the Maryland side,
with their muskets strapped to their
backs Others hid in the woods on the
Virginia side and stole across a day
or two after the battle. Many were
shot while swimming for safety. The
total loss Of Bakers command was
forty-nine killed and ia captured or
missing. This loss fell upon about
1,700 men who crossed to the Virginia
side Colonel Evans Confederate force
also numbered about 1,700 and lost
14S killed and wounded
Balls Bluff aroused more indigna-
lion throughout the country than Bull
Run. Colonel Baker was alternately
glorifed as a martyr and criticised aa
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1911-11-03

mans front and marched 10 Balls
Bluff. General Stone on hearing Of
Devens' engagement ordered Colonel
Baker either to retire the Massachu
sets men or send the remainder Of
his brigade across the river to sup
port them. Baker Immediately order
ed the Twentieth Massachusetts, the
Forty-second New York (Tammany
regimenb and his own Seventy-frst
Pennsylvania california regimenb to
cross the river and went over in per
son to direct the movement
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1911-11-03
HuntOn's ViFginians Open the Fight.

Hunton's Virginians Open the Fight.
The fresh troops toiled slowly across
on the fatboat and up the steep, mud
dy bluff. Baker reached the front at
2 O'clock without any men, but was
soon Joined by one battalion of the
Pennsylvanians and a detachment of
the Twentieth Massachusetts. The
Massachusetts men held the right of
the line. Next. on the left were two
howitZers and on their left the Penn
sylvanians. A six FOUNDER held the eX'
treme left. Before the fight opened
Colonel Cogswell reached the line with
part of the Forty-second New York.
He pointed out the weakness of the
left flank to Baker, but no attention
was paid to his warning. The Con
federates in front Of Bakers left were
posted on high ground screened by
woods. In Il few minutes after Colo
mel Cogswell uttered his warning the
Eighth Virginia, under Colonel Eppa
Hunton, opened fire from that point
upon Bakers artillery. At the first
volley every man at the Federal guns
was shot down. So furious was this
rifle fire that only three charges were
fired from the cannon after the Vir-
ginians got to work. As fast as the
gunners fell their places were filed by |
officers, and during the heat of the |
fight Colonel Cogswell and Colonel |
William Lee of the Twentieth Massa, |
chusetts, as well as the aids on Bak-
ers staff, took a hand at serving the
guns. One of the howitzers on its last
discharge recoiled to the edge of the
bluff.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1911-11-03

Interesting, if true, is the fol
lowing press dispatch concern
ing the daughter Of j. Pierpont
Morgan;
Paris, September by
U. P.)-Anne Morgan has
returned after investigating
the cost of living in Switzer-
land. She says Switzerland
has the simplest govern
ment in the world, and she
attributes the low cost of
living to the absence of
trusts there, due to the poll
tical freedom of the people.
Perhaps Miss Morgan realizes
now the importance of adopting
in this country the Initiative
and Referendum which have
done so much for Switzerland.
Perhaps also she has public
spirit enough to join in the
movement to get it. 4
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1911-11-03
Colonel Baker Shot Down.

Selling their advantage, the Confed-
crates pushed the fighting on the Fed
eral left. Lieutenant Colonel Wistar,
leading the Seventy first Pennsylvania,
was shot down, and Colonel Baker
rushed forward to direct the line.
Passing in front of the sllirmishers to
select ground for an advance, he was
instantly killed by Confederate sharp
shooter. Bakers death left the COM
mand in the bands of Colonel Cogs-
well. who at once put his own ideas
Of the affair INTO practice. He ordered
Massachusetts, to the extreme left, in
tending, if overpowered by the Confed
crates massed there, to cut his way
through by the left flank down the
bluffs to the Potomac to the shelter of
Gorman's camp at Edwards Ferry.
Devens carried out the orders under
fire, and just as he got a good line be
yond the Pennsylvanians there oc-
Cured one of those disastrous blum
ders so common to raw soldiers. Two
fresh companies Of Colonel Cogswell's
New York regiment came up and form
ed on the left of Devens' line. At that
moment an officer in Confederate uni
form showed himself in front of the
New Workers and with shouts and ges-
lures urged the FederaIs to charge
into the woods in front. Some Of the
cool heads thought this was merely q
challenge to dare the Yankees. Others
not knowing the enemy's colors, took
it for an order and rushed ahead. Some
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1911-11-03

INTO THE FIGHT AT BALLS BLUFF.
Charles Devens with this regiment
crossed the Potomac from Maryland to
the bluffs on the Virginia side, intend
ing to destroy a Confederate camp,
which the army scouts had reported
lay close to the river. Pushing on
toward Leesburg, five miles from the
river, early on the 21st, Devens found
no enemy and placed his regiment in
the concealment of the woods at Balls
Bluff to await orders Word came to
him from division headquarters in
Maryland that he would be REINFORCED
The bluff in rear Of the position was
very steep, and the only means of
transporting troops to the danger
point was by fatboats. During the
forenoon some Massachusetts compa-
MES which had been left in Mary
land crossed and Joined the advance,
and these were the only Federals on
the Virginia side Of the river when
the Confederates appeared in Devens'
front and attacked the skirmishers.
This was about midday. Seeing no
help in sight, Colonel Devens formed
his line for battle and was able to re-
sist the vigorous attempts Of the Con-
federates TO turn his flank and cut
him off from the boat landing
Colonel Devens regiment formed
part Of the brigade of Colonel e. D.
Baker, which belonged to General c.
p. Stones division, having headquar-
ters at Poolesville, Nd, about five
miles back from Balls Bluff. Cor
mans brigade Of Stones division lay
at Edwards Ferry, five miles down the !
Potomac.
The main Confederate force in the
vicinity was at Edwards Ferry, in !
front OF German. and its commander, |
Colonel N. G.. Evans, withdrew all his !
troops save one regiment from Cor /
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1911-11-03

Celina, Ohio, October 81, 1911.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1911-11-03
LEGAL NOTICE.

EDITH RUTLEDGE, WHOSE RESI-
u DENCE is 62 Wagner street, FIT. Wayne,
Ind, Will take notice that on the 18th day
OF October, 1911, Clyde Rutledge filed his pc
tition In the Court of Common Pleas Of
Mercer County, Ohio, being Case No. S5GS,
praying for n divorce from said Edith Rut-
ledge, on the ground OF gross neglect Of du-
ty, that the said Edith RutledRe is required
TO answer on or before the 1st day OF Decem-
her, 1911, and that said cause viii he for
hearing on or alter the 1st day of Deeem-
Der, 1911. CLYDE RUTLEDGE.
BY o. RaudabauRh, his attorney. 2G-Gt
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1911-11-03
Notlce az Teachers' examinations

Meetings for the examination Of appll-
cants for teachers certificates, for either
common, high or special, will be held at the
West School Building. I'm Oelinn, on the
first Saturday OF each month OF the year
Examinations for pupils who wish to
graduate from the elementary schools VIII
be held in Oelina on tho third Saturday OF
April and the third Saturday Of May.
A. q. HIFnRT, President;
j. w, POGUH, Clerk;
&. OOTTERMAN.
Members OF Board Of County Examiners.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1911-11-03

COLONEL Z. D. BAKER, U. S. A., KILLED
BY A sHABPsHOOTER AT BALLS BLUFF.
wooded hills beyond the ravine com.
manded the whole so perfectly that
should they be occupied by the enemy
he would be destroyed, and advised
an immediate advance Of the whole
force to occupy the hills, which were
not then occupied by the enemy.
told him that the whole action must
be on our left and that we must oc-
cupy those hills. No attention was
apparently paid to this advice, and
Colonel Baker ordered me to take
charge of the artillery, but without
any definite instructions as to its
service
"About twenty minutes afterward
the hills on the left to which | had
called attention We're occupied by the
enemy's skirmishers, who immediate
ly opened sharp fire on our left. |
Immediately directed the artillery TO
open fire on those skirmishers."
"Atrocious Military Murder"
Bakers death threw the troops into
confusion by deprlving them Of a
head just at a trying time His con
duct in rushing into the enemys fire
was brave or rash according to ones
ideas OF the duty Of n commander 1t
Is an axiom that one bad general Is
better than two good ones. As soon
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-06-03
Forged Bills of Lading Again

In one form or another the forged bills of lading which have givenaAla- bama black eye are bobbing up. Just at present Liverpool bank has brought suit against a New York trust company to recover the amount paid on draft indorsed and pre- scented by the trust company and per porting to be secured by shipment of cotton, the bill of lading for which was forged. The suit was brought in federal court, and that court rules in favor of the Liverpool bank The sum involved is but $7000, and the case will be carried to the supreme court.
 There is no dispute about the facts involved and both sides are desirou; of ascertaining where the liability rests. "1'he question of liability, says the Journal of Commerce, "since the failure of the drawer, turns en-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-06-03
SELE-MADE KING

Writing on the attempts to recover the buried treasure on the island of Trini- dad. Ralph D. Paine in the June Metro poltan Magazine, says:
 Since the Alerte sailed on her dashing quest in 1889 the pirates gold of Trini- dad has figured in an adventure even more fantastic and romantic. Many read CTS will doubtless remember the career of the late Baron James Harden Hickey, who attempted to establish a kingdom of his own on the islet of Trinidad. Ere long he blossomed forth most gorgeously in Paris and New York as King James l of the principality of Trinidad. There were a royal cabinet. minister of foreign af fairs, chancellerie and uniforms, court costumes, and regalia designed by the King himself. Most dazzling of all the equipment was the Order of the Insignia of the Cross of Trinidad, a patent and decoration of nobility to be bestowed on those deemed worthy of the signal honor
 ''The newspapers bombarded King James I with gibes and jeers, but he took himself with immense, even tragic, seri- OuoltSSs anu iSSucu d prospectus Ol tlc settlement of his kingdom, inviting an aristocracy of intellect and good breed ing to comprise the ruling class, while the hard work was to be done by hired menials. He mustered on paper some kind of a list of resources of Trinidad, all though he was hard put to name anything very tangible, and laid special stress on the buried treasure. It was to be dug for by the subjects and, if found, to be divided among the patriots who had bought the securities issued by the royal treasury. Surely a pirates treasure was never before gravely offered among the assets of kingdom, but King James had no sense of humor, and the lost treasure was as real to him as any other of his marvellous dreams"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-06-03

tirely upon the form of the draft. If
 it was general draft for a certain
 sum and was accepted as such, the
 loss would fall upon the aceeptor.
 If it was a conditional draft, pay
 ment being conditioned upon the de-
 livery of 100 bales of cotton purport- ing to be represented by the bill of lading, and was accepted as such, the institution indorsing and presenting the draft would be bound to reim- purse the acceptor and stand the loss. The draft bore at the end and before the signature the clause value re- ceived and charge the same to ac- count of R S MsI 100 bales of cotton, the letters purporting to be marks identifying the shipment of cotton. The question in dispute is whether this made it a conditional draft, both for the purchaser, who is presumed to have had the means of ascertaining whether the bill of lading was genu- inc and the shipment of cotton actual, and for the acceptor, without any special qualification, who may have relied entirely upon the faith of the trust company which presented 1t.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-06-03
IN HOTEL LOBBIES
Home seeker. Coming Thl. way

Alabama offers more advantages tc homeseekers. especially those who have had experience in tining the soil, than almost any other state" said a man who has been successful in bGsfnes and also in horticulture as pastime.
 There is a steady tide of immigration 10 Oklahoma.A That young state has been filling up rapidly But whatever advan- tages Oklahoma may offer it has the dis advantage of having an insuffcency of rainfall. It's droughts are distressing. In Alabama we have the right sort of cli- matic conditions. and this is one of the few states where everything that comes out of the ground can be profitably culti- vated. Alabama Is a great cotton state and it is coming to be known as one of the great corn and hay states of the Union. Truck farming is at it's best in Alabama, and fruit growing is now rec ognized as a money-malSing business.
 Jefferson is one of the best trucking counties in Alabama, and home seekers from the north are buying small farms hereabouts with view of raising Vegeta- bles for the Birmingham market. In the course of few years Jefferson county should have 10 or 15 times as many truck farms as 1t has at present. Every truck CT who comes here from the northwest and buys and cultivates few acres in this county will be the cause of others coming. and during the next F months the increase In the number of small farms will be considerable. q,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-06-03
Southern Cities

Tt is interesting to note the large growth and modern life of the older class of cities in the south,v said c. E. Me- | Tiere of Boston.
 T spent a few days in Richmond re- gently and was amazed to see what 1 strides that old city had made since l was there five years ago Richmond had census population of nearly 190,0O0. It was slower in taking to skyscrapers than Atlanta and Birmingham, but when it did get a start it made up for lost time. Few cities have larger or more elegant office buildings, and as for hotels it is far ahead of Atlanta or any other city in the south. It has a s2,O00,O00 hotel-the Jef- ferson-but it is not the cost that makes that house famous; it is the architectural treatment. It Is one of the most beauti- full buildings in the United States. And in addition to the Jefferson hotel, Rich mond has several large and modern hos telries, and another skyscraper hotel is in course of construction.
 Charlotte, N. C., is one of the old cities that has renewed its youth. It is grow
 ing fast, is an important commercial center and is thoroughly modernized Charleston, S. C., is one of the few pre- revolution any war cities that rose to great prominence and then came to a standstill. Charleston is wealthy city today It enjoys a large commerce. Its merchants are synonyms for integrity, and socially Charleston is one of the most delightful cities in the world. When I was there a year or so ago there was some talk of a booster movement, but I do not think much was done on that line. I was first in Charleston 20 years ago, and on recent visit I found the city to be about the same as it was when I first saw it. In the last census Charleston showed an increase of only little more than SoOo-a percentage increase. of 5.4, 5S,s33 being the 1910 population.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-06-03
 A I<EEpERLESS LIGHTHOUSE

From the Washington Post.
 What do you think of perpetual light house, needing no keeper, and yet as regular in it's flashes of light as one maintained by the government?" asked Albert D. Van Wycll. a globe trotter. at the Raleigh.
 ''rhis natural light never fails. and that means much for navigation. It is a vol cano, on the island of San Salvador. This volcanic lighthouse is about eight miles inland from the port of Acajutla. It is a veritable pillar of cloud by day, and the flash of it's light by night has been valuable to mariners for years. It can be seen far out at sea, and 8 burst of flames has gone upward every seven minutes, without the variation of a sec- ond, for many years.
 "The few visitors who stop at San Sal vador amuse themselves the first few days by holding their watches and timing the outburst of flame
 "A lighthouse fee is collected of all vessels that put in at the harbor nearest the volcano, and no skipper objects. He knows that the volcano is more reliable than the lighthouses kept by human be- ings on other coasts. and the novelty oi the light is worth the price charged by the government There is the usual de, tonation caused by the eruption every seven minutes, and the ground is shaken but, after short sojourn on the island you fail to notice if. and would be the more shocked if 1t did not occur
The Birmingham age-herald., 1911-06-03
Vote for the Bond Issue

Birmingham's commission govern ment is a success. Thus far the com mission has done practically nothing that could be criticized; on the con- trary it's acts have been thoroughly business-like, and have been cordially approved by the public.
 The commission has ordered an election for July 3 in order that the people may vote on proposition for the issuance of S1,300,000 in bonds bearing interest at per cent per an- mum. It has been clearly shown that the only wise and economical method to be pursued in view of the large deficit handed over by the old board of aldermen to the commission, is refunding of the municipal debts. The commission in issuing a comprehen- sive statement of the city's finances and estimated expenses up to Decem- Der 1, 1911, presents the situation clearly, and there should be no sort of hesitation on the part of the voters to cast their ballots for the proposed bond issue.
 There never was better time, per haps, to sell bonds than now. Money for investment in first-class securi- ties is unusually abundant, and in- terest rates are low. Birmingham has recently established high credit, as was especially shown a week or two ago when it negotiated tempor- ary loan, for a large amount, with one of our local financial institutions at the rate of 3s4 per cent. The
 $1 100000 bonds will be eagerly
 sought and will bring a good prem
 ium. The proceeds of the $1 300, ,00O
 bonds will put Birmingham on a cash basis, and with a continued economic policy of the commission,> and with | increased revenues assured, it should be only a question of year or two when Birmingham will be in posi- tion to make extensive improvements which are now withheld for lack of means.
 Birmingham leading financiers are heartily in favor of the bond issue, and that it will carry at the polls should go without saying. But the bigger the majority the better.
 Birmingham is in sore need of ad- ditional school buildings, but there can be a separate bond issue for specific school purposes. Such bond issue it is hoped will not be long de- layed, but current matters must be met first; and with majority for the $1 1,300,000 proposition on July 3 the city administration will be able to move along smoothly and without any more hand d-to-mouth or worri some financiering.