davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1911-06-06

Daily Bred Bull, Showing Dairy Char
OF that COW that will produce twice
as much butter fat or $50 pounds.
and sell 1t for % cents. which has
been less than the average price re-
ceived by most dairymen during the
past year, we would have instead of
s11. $3.50.
Great Mistakes.
Now, without doubt. this places the
consideration on a basis where any
one can figure for himself which class
or breed of cattle he is to choose for
the dairy. During past years. and
even at the present time. we find
thousands Of farmers that are an
nually sending $7S.4O after this myth
zeal $11 that they have been led to
believe is to be found in the dual pur-
pose cow as an advantage over the
dairy COW: but 1t is apparent in the
face of facts that It Is the utmost
Of folly year after year to sacrifice
$78.4O in the production of butter for
the sake of securing $40 calf and
having a carcass that is worth 81 per
year that is used for the purpose of
beef after its useful life has ended.
This is a matter that can very easily
be figured out and is not subject to
dispute. OF course, there are other
ways of figuring, but in the end the
same result has been reached. In
arguing against the idea Of the dairy
COW invariably the point comes up
that the United States is beefeating
nation and must have beef, and this is
a fact There never will come time,
I hope, when we will not have a suffi-
Client amount Of beef to be consumed
on every table in the United States,
but 1t is taxing the dairy cow little
harder than Is necessary to ask her
to produce the millions of pounds of
butter that are absolutely necessary.
and at the same time produce the beef
that Is to be consumed upon the
tables. unless she is to be paid accord
ingly. 1t would not be right to ask
the farmer to do all that he Is doing
at the present time, working hard as
he is, and at the same time produce
in addition to the food and clothing
for the world, the manufactured ar
ticles. reading material. etc. for the
same world simply because we must
have manufactured articles and read.
ing material. There are many men
and farmers who are not capable Of
conducting dairy nerds in the most
profitable degree because OF their dis
like for the business. Likely these
same men are well adapted for the
production of beef. and the datrymen
will. no doubt, leave the production
of that article to him, realizing that
If he is to dairy. his profits, success
and pleasure are to be found In the
milking Of real good dairy cows.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1911-06-06

wishes to know which of the four
breeds Of dairy cows is the best. An
unprejudiced reply to this question
will always bring the answer that
there are good cows and poor
cows in every dairy breed. and the
good cows of one breed are much bet
ter than the poor cows OF another
breed in every instance. And, after
selecting the breed suitable to the
conditions of the farm, the likes and
dislikes of the owner, then it is a
matter Of selecting the good individual
COWS of that breed. There is far
greater difference between the indi.
viduai cows to be found in any one OF
the four particular dairy breeds than
there Is to be found between the
breeds themselves as whole. There
probably has been in the past place
for what might be termed the dual
purpose COW. and likely in the future
there will be some such place. 1t is
not likely, however, that the man who
has given the matter thorough con-
sideration and study and wishes to
conduct his dairy farm on business
principles and from the standpoint of
the greatest possible net profit, can
be lured into the belief that he should
install upon his farm dual purpose
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1911-06-06
PROFIT FROM SCRUB COWS.
Money in Dairyins Even for the Man Who Cannot Buy
Pnre Bred Animals. Bv N. R. Toktrup.

prove from time to time, as was do
ing the weekly testing. Fully as great
was my surprise at the end of the
year to find that one of these Arkan'
sas bred cattle, Faith" when 2 years
old, produced 2,144 pounds OF milk
containing 1145 pounds of fat. This
was sold for $3S.O6 while the cost Of
feed was $27.79. leaving net profit
of $1O.27.
Another of these cows, Hope
when years old produced sos
pounds of fat, valued at $87.83. The
cost Of her keep was $39.07, leaving q
net profit of s4s.36.
The COW. Betty" when six years
old produced 5,439 pounds of milk
containing 251 pounds of fat valued
at $77.1O The cost Of keeping this
COW was $43.37 leaving net profit
of s33.73.
Katy" another one of these cows.
when years old produced 1852
pounds of fat valued at $6321. Sub.
tracing the cost of keep, $49.79. We
have profit of $22.42.
These figures show that some cows
are much more economical producers
than others. Further, it gives evi.
dence Of what good care and feeding
will do. For, although the work was
done at the Experiment Station, the
conditions were no better than the
average farmer can have for his cows.
hA
summer, and kept in the barn most
of the winter. The feed during. the
winter was nothing above tho ordi.
nary. The following is daily ra.
ton, which was fed to the COW,
Hope" when she was at her highest
productions; pounds of bran. 3 pounds
of ground oats and pounds of oil
meal Together with those concen.
trates were fed Is pounds OF corn
silage and 10 pounds of hay.
Other examples along the same line
Of production give from the records
of crossbred Jersey Sherthorn COW
owned by the Iowa State College. At
8 years old her record was 10,49S
pounds Of milk with 800 pounds of
fat valued at $4,000. The cost Of
production was $71.e7 leaving a net
profit Of $62.37. A grade Shorthorn
COW produced 1880 pounds Of milk
and 1853 pounds of fat valued at
$10s.9S. The cost of production here
was 1922 leaving a net profit of
$55.76.
My object with these figures Is not
to discourage tho use Of pure bred
stock. The idea foremost in my mind
is, that since We have such q large
number of scrub" and grade cows
on our farms, why not, then, until we
got something better, make the best
use Of what we have? Why not fol.
low the examples of some Of the Eur.
opean countries, and grade up our
herds? Test the cows and find out
what they are doing. Then eliminate
the Improbable ones. and finally by
means Of good care and feeding make
a profit from our scrub cows.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1911-06-06

very nearly all MAT he can be solo
for in advance of $40 which we have
given him credit for being worth at
the time Of birth.
Now. the question is, can the farm
er or dairyman afford to keep COW
all year that will not produce him
more than from 100 to 200 pounds of
butter fat for the purpose of produ-
cling $40 calf? This Is a question of
real Importance and one that should
be solved by every farmer in deter
mining which breed of dairy cows is
best for his purposes. But this is not
the only allurement presented by the
dual purpose COW; there is another
that is of real value in dollars and
cents, and every dairyman has been
advised that the dual purpose COW.
after she has served her period of
usefulness in the dairy, can be fatten-
ed up and sold for beef and will bring
probably $40 more as Il Gamer than
will her sister, the dairy COW. Now,
the period of usefulness of COW is,
or should be, about ten years, so that
this means the beef COW Is more val
liable by 81 per year than is the dairy
cow Adding this TO. the valuation we
have ascribed to the beef calf. we
find that the dual purpose COW, pro
ducing an average OF from 100 to 200
pounds of butter fat per year. has to
her credit also $ll over and above
that which the dairy COW has. provl.
ding we lead ourselves to believe, as
many have done. that the real dairy
COW will have bull calves every year
that are fit for nothing except to be
killed at once. The time is rapidly
coming. however. ii not here already.
when the farmer is to know that every
heifer calf from real dairy COW that
has produced from 400 to 700 pounds
of butter during the year, is worth
more money the day 1t Is born than
are the two calves from one of the
common beefier types Of cows pro-
duced in two consecutive years. pro-
viding they be alternately male and
female. But for the purpose of de-
Gliding in an unprejudiced manner
which is the best breed for the dairy,
we will leave out of consideration for
the present time the value of the
dairy cows calves and take 1t for
granted that they are destroyed I'M
mediately upon birth and we will al
low the calf, whether male or female.
from the dual purpose cow, to be
worth $40 at birth, and further allow
81 per year in the valuation of the
peefy type of COW, believing that when
she is ready to die her carcass will
be worth that much more to put in
tin cans.
The $40 Pound Cow.
This is the type Of cows that are
being MIXED, the average production
Of which is 140 pounds. There are
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1911-06-06

The best of the 6SS cows which
were under test in the Benson and the
Pioneer COW testing associations near
Waterloo, Iowa, in 1909, returned a
net profit of $1O6.77; while the poor
est COW gave a net loss of $19.14. This
difference between the two cows was
due first, to the individuality of the
cows, and second, to the care and
feeding which they received.
Differences in individuality of
course made It impossible to make as
great a profit from the poorer as from
the better COW. At the same time, it
should be remembered that the bet
ter COW would not have made so great
profit had she not received good
care. On the other hand, it is more
than probable that the poorer COW
would have made an even greater
loss, had she not been under test and
had better than ordinary care.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1911-06-06
THE MOST NOTICEABLE CHANGE

$50 you have lived i'll Europe for
twenty-five years? That's long time
for man to be away from his own
country
eyes. 1t is. and FIN arighty glad to
be home again"
Il suppose you notice great many
changes?"
Eyes. many"
What, If I may ask, is the great
est change that has come to your
notice."
THE greatest change. 1t seems to
me, is to be found IN the fact that the
vfce-president of the United States
succeeds in getting his name in the
papers nearly as often as he might If
he were baseball player or prom.
Using lightweight prize fighter"
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1911-06-06

In this test, the COW that gave the
high profit was grade Angus COW,
having presumably some Holstein
blood. The COW was not especially
beautiful, blackish in color. having
only fair confirmation, constitution
and capacity In other words, she was
what is ordinarily called scrub
cow"
You may say that such COW is an
exception and you are right. Yet at
the same time, in the testing associa-
lions named, the best 200 cows gave
an average net profit of S51.S5; while
the poorest 200 COWS gave an average
profit OF only 1884. This leaves q
difference of $3.50 apiece in favor Of
the best cows.
Let us consider that two farmers
have each Is COWS, that Mr.. A has the
better kind of cows; while Mr.. B. has
the poorer kind. Considering that the
labor is equal for both kinds of cows,
the difference in income between these
two farmers in a year is $4S0.15, or in
other words, enough difference to pay
the salary for good man to do the
work.
Another striking example of what
good care and feeding will do toward
profit from scrub COWS is found at the
Iowa Experiment Station. Some 3
years ago they purchased number
of Arkansas bred cattle. These were.
at the time. animals which thought
1t would be utterly impossible to make
deal of interest, therefore, that l
watched these COWS thrive and i'm
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1911-06-06

With all the gredt advantages that
dairy farming presents, it has without
doubt its disadvantages, and many of
them, SO that the farmer who antici-
pates entering dairying as business
must not do so with the idea that
there is nothing to be found in the
business except profits. AS matter
Of fact. there are, comparatively
speaking, very few farmers who will
make out of dairying the greatest
profits that are to be found therein.
Kind Treatment Necessary.
The dairy COW Ia more nearly an
artificial being than any other ami
NAL to be found upon the farm for, as
matter of fact, there was time
when her whole and sole duty was to
beget a likeness of herself and pro-
(y large for the sustenance of her Off
spring and often for period of only
five or six months, when the youngster
was weaned and compelled to work
out his own salvation on the grasses
Of the prairies. But realizing the op-
portunities for developing the ma
ternal instincts in this individual ami
NAL, man has taken and developed her
to the point where at the present time
We find that she not only reproduces
herself but she also supplies milk in
quantities sufficiently large to raise
her offspring and supply to her owner
large and profitable amount of milk
and butter-fat daily In bringing about
this change In her makeup, she has
become more delicate and more senst-
tive to The treatment which she re-
ceives, and 1t rests within the power
Of the owner rather than in the COW
herself to increase or decrease
in large measure her profit
through care. feed and attention, kind
or cruel treatment and proper or i'm
proper methods of handling. II the
farmer realizes that 1t is not possible
for him to be content with contine-
ment and detail work it is better not
to largely increase the dairy business
which he now has upon his farm be-
cause the success OF the business
rests with continually working with
the COW Sundays as well as other days
6nd taking care of the small things,
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1911-06-06

The average work horse is q hard
animal to properly care for on account
OF the irregularity of his work Dur
ing certain seasons of the year he is
taxed to his utmost by real hard work.
At other times, work of medium ma
ture is demanded, and at certain
times he has little or nothing to do
In fact, may be idle. This is especi-
ally true of the farm work horse.
These different changes and demands
require special care and feed for the
maintenance of good health, flesh and
endurance. A horse at real hard work
must be more literally fed, and fed
on ration differing in composition
and preparation from the animal that
Is at light work or idle. Thus we can
readily see the necessity of making a
very careful study Of the animal and
its needs at all times.
A careful study of feeding tests and
rations reveals the fact that horse
at real hard work requires a ration of
nitrogenous nature to supply the
demand upon the system. Such a
horse must also be fed more grain
aud less roughage than the horse at
lighter work. While the grinding of
grain and the cutting or chatting OF
the roughage is not advisable in feed
ing horses under ordinary conditions,
1t may oftentimes be very beneficial in
the case of animals at real hard work.
The ration may be composed of vari-
GUS kinds Of grain, such as corn, oats,
wheat, barley, shorts, bran, molasses,
beans, oil meal, gluten feed, and var
iety of other feed stuffs Too much
corn should not be fed, as it is claimed
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1911-06-06
SOWING ALFALFA.

H. NJ. p, Perry, Iowa, writes: I'VE
have piece of ground which have
been informed by parties that have
had experience raising alfalfa would
make an excellent alfalfa field and
wish to ascertain when would be
the best time to SOW the seed, in the
spring or in the fall. l thought l
would put in ten acres and if it does
we'll later put in about fifty acres"
Answered by Farm Crop depart
ment: alfalfa in this section of the
country seems to do best when it is
seeded in the early fall or late sum-
mer. It is not advisable to use a
nurse crop, but a thorough prepare
ton of the seed bed long before the
time of seeding and up to that time
will pay well. If any crop is on the
land it should be one that may be re-
moved very early, such as winter
wheat, barley or early oats in order
that the soil may be fitted for the al
falfa crop to follow, but it is safer
to have tho land worked In the sum-
mer in preparation for the alfalfa and
with nothing elce in mind We SOW
from Is to 20 pounds of seed to the
acre."-H. q. Potter. in Iowa Agri-
Culturist.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1911-06-06
HANDLING WORK HORSES IN SUMNER MONTHS
By Pref. ". J. Kennedy, Iowa Agricultural
CO|lefe.

V6Vs
better still to feed some grain al the
time.
Idle horses should not be allowed 20
remain in the stable but should be
given exercise. Where light work can.
not be had, they should be allowed
the run of an open LOT They will
then be in much better condition to
withstand work when the time ar.
rives.
There are certain general points
which apply to all classes Of horses.
For instance, during the winter season
some succulent feed should be sup.
piled to keep the digestive system In
good condition. Roots, especially car
rots, serve an excellent purpose. Bran
mash is also good. Steamed or boiled
grain to which has been added little
flax seed is one of the best regulators
that can be fed. 1t should be sup
piled about twice per week.
The feet must also receive atten.
ton. They should be kept trimmed
from time to time. Horses which are
at hard work on pavements should
have their feet packed so as to soften
the hoof and eliminate any fever or
inflammation. This is done by using
steamed bran or shorts which Is
packed in the bottom of the hoof at
least twice per week, and in some
eases every night. 1t is very bene-
fetal to the feet. Grooming should
never be neglected, as it keeps the
skin and hair in good condition, thus
causes much better circulation of the
blood, consequently better health.
The teeth should be examined at
least twice a year. Any sharp pro-
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1911-06-06

to burn out the system i'll short
period Of time. In many places where
horses are worked very hard, the ra
ton is largely oats and shorts, with
some wheat, barley or corn added. For
roughness, timothy, clover, and mixed
hay are used. In some instances mil
let, sorghum, and oat hay are used
quite extensively. Firms owning large
numbers of horses which are worked
very hard usually grind all the grain.
cut the roughage. then moisten it and
mix the grain in and feed both at the
same time. This method seems to
save the horse some labor. Various
number of times the animals are fed.
Some feed five and six times per day.
Generally the animals are fed but
three times per day. The watering is
usually done before feeding, and no
water is given for at least two hours
after feeding. This method seems to
favor more complete digestion of feed.
Horses at medium work do not re-
Quire such liberal feeding. Neither do
they require SO much heterogeneous feed.
thus cheaper feeds may be used to
good advantage There is no neces.
sity for grinding the grain or cutting
the roughness fed, as they have plenty
of time to do this work themselves.
They may be fed more corn or bar
ley, which are usually much cheaper
feeds than oats. shorts, and other nj
trOgenous feed stuffs. For roughness,
timothy, clover, mixed hay, sorghum,
millet, oat hay, and small quantities
of the various kinds of straws may be
used to good advantage. Where straw
is used to any extent. more of the
grain must be fed. Regarding the
quantity, it will depend upon the size
of the horse and the amount of labor
required. Horses at medium work
should receive about one pound of
grain and one pound of hay for every
one hundred pounds live weight of the
animal. This may have to be modified
to some extent with different horses.
Some horses, on account of their con-
iSquiiO 1908 ASSu lhs'ii
others. Hcrses which are idle part of
the time should be fed and handled
with much care. They must be main
tanned as economically as possible
while not ut work They do not re-
quire very much heterogeneous food.
They should always he fed a sufficient
amount of feed to keep them i'll real
good flesh. Where horses are doing
little or no work, the ration may be
cbeapened In several ways. In some
instances the grain ration is almost
solely withheld, and the same kind
and amount of rOughage is fed as
when at work. In other instances
part of the grain is fed in conjunction
with straw or some other cheap kind
of roughage. This in many ways is
the better method, due to the fact that
the grain part of the ration seems to
furnish more bottom and fettle in the
animal. thus it will be in much better
form for work when such is needed
II is a fatal mistake to starve horse
while idle. and then suddenly increase
his grain ration when the work season
arrives. The increase should be made
several weeks in advance, and it is
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1911-06-06
TO CLOSE FAST FREIGHT OFFICES
lehigh vaIIey-MIchioan Central To
Abandon Agencies.

Chicago, May Sit is announced
here that the Lake Shore-Lehigh Val.
ley and the Michigan Central-Lehigh
Valley fast freight lines will discon.
tinue offices in Chicago, Columbus, De.
troit. Peoria, Kansas City, and Mime
apolis beginning today. The two Of
fees in Des Moines will be closed
June 80. Business will be transacted
by the roads directly interested.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1911-06-06

resting assured that the larger things
will, to great extent. take care OF
themselves.
Which Breed Best for Oairying?
When, finally, the farmer has made
up his mind to actually begin dairying,
the first question which presents 1t.
self 20 him, and the one which he asks
more frequently than any other, is
which breed Of COWS is the best for
dairy purposes! There is probably no
question to which 1t is so difficult to
reply. It is easy to tell him that he
should utilize one Of tho four dairy
breeds This is not enough. for he
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1911-06-06
coRRIsToN IS INJURED.
Minnesota MilitIaman Struck BY Run.
away Horse.

Minneapolis. May 81. Lieutenant
Colonel Corrison, former chief of po-
lice, while marching at the head of
the Minneapolis companies of the
Minnesota National guard in tho Me-
mortal parade. was run into by run
away horse ridden by member Of
Battery B, was thrown to the pave
ment, kicked in the head by the horse
as 1t went by and rendered uncon-
scious. He was taken to the City
hospital.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1911-06-06

When buying a gasoline engine bo
sure you have one that 10 large
enough to do the work you have for
it. Don't condemn the engine just be-
cause you got it too small Keep 1t
in a clean, dry place, treat 1t right
and it will do your work more cheaply
than electricity, steam or horse power,
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1911-06-06
TRACTION FLOWING.

The Agricultural Engineering d.
partment at Ames has been conduct.
power gasoline tractor. It. was found
that this tractor could easily pillow Is
acres day, at about twO-thirds the
cost of blowing with horses.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1911-06-06

When you attempt to start that pillow
that has sat out all winter without any
grease to prevent rust. just think how
much easier it would have been to
have creased it last fall and had no
difficulty in giving it a polish.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1911-06-06

Roosevelt Memorial Day Speaker.
New York. May 3O.-Colonel Roose
welt delivered the chief Memorial day
address in New York. He spoke al
Grants tomb, under the auspices oil
the U. S. Grant post of the Grand
Army f the Republic.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1911-06-06
Scientist Is CAPTURED.

Jena. May 3O.-Professor Richter
German engineer has been captured
by bandits on Mount Olympus while
pursuing his Typographical studies fol-
the geographical societies Of Berlin
and Jena.