New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1911-11-02


first corners into a savage world; ana
both privations and perils were beyond
any modern conception. The, orlgllidi
Pilgrims were of such stuff that when
their first dreary winter compelled thrni
to bury half their entire number: ana the
slow coming, cherries summer drove tle
survivors 20 incessant toll amid con-
slant danger to lay up some store for
another winter. Governor Bradford. OF
immortal memory, summoned them 10
come together at the end of the scanty
harvest'-for what? To give thanks 10
Almighty God for the signal mercies lie
had vouchsafed them, AS great literary
ability was DEVELOPED among the de-
scendants of these men, il Is small Woi-
der that such devotion has since been
celebrated al its full worth; ana per-
haps somewhat 10 the disadvantage %
later corners, VINO were more concerned
with doing things than with recording
things done. Tho Cavalier settlements
began in 1907: those of the Puritans in
1920. Puritans and Cavaliers thus had
possession of the field for the first nan
of the seventeenth century.
The Scottish immigration began in the
second half. 1t never had thu adNan-
tage of concentration in one colony. IKE
the Puritans in Massachusetts pr the
Cavaliers in Virginia. or even like the
settlements Of the Quakers and Ger
mans in Pennsylvania II began, TOO
under circumstances that made the mis-
fortunes Of the PUritans and the CaNa-
liers seem almost cnviable The trst
notable Scottish arrivals were those
shipped on the boat John and sara III
1862. They were prisoners OF war. capt
ured ny Cromwell after the battle OF
Dunbar. end sentenced to be transport
Ia Mt y
into service. Similar shipments of prls-
oners Of war. and then cargoes of con-
victed criminals, followed. After time
there sprang up also a system by when
poor men secured transportation 10 me
new and cheap lands of the colonies by
selling in advance their services for
term of years. And yet. so rapidly did
eager followers tread the steps OF the
involuntary immigrants that only a
third of century after the first snip
load of Scottish prisoners TO be sold into
service was landed at Boston, a Scottish
missionary, the Rev. James Blair, OF
Edinburgh, was founding one of the
oldest Of American colleges, William
and Mary, in Virginia. In the century
then almost dawning that Scottish edu-
cational foundation in the South was 10
graduate many notable studen s-among
them one certainly who has given the
whole world cause to remember him and
the stock that trained him--Thomas
jefferson, author OF the Declaration OF
Independence.
Such. briefly stated. was the modest
debut of the new and greater force in
American development-Scottish prison.
ers OF war. transported and sold INTO
service: convicted Scottish criminals.
transported and sold to get them out OF
81 htft Scottish
selling themselves into service to get
chance in the New World rious Young
men from Scottish universities, trying
10 found like educational centres in the
wilderness. for the glory of God. AS we
nave seen. they were nearly half cen
turv behind the Cavaliers In making
their start. nearly a third Of century
behind the Pilgrims. But the tortoise
did not lose the race.
During the next siXty-seven years. ill
the accession Of George III, the Scottish
immigration slowly increased. The GEN.
sus Of the isolated settlements was not
accurate in those days; but perhaps Inc
most trustworthy statistics are those oil
the Board of Trade. According TO these
the white populs ton OF The several COLO
mics in August. 100. was l'0oSV"' thus
divided:
Puritan colonies CNew England
10000 o.
cavalier colonies (Southern). 100000
Dutch. Quaker and Huguenot colonies
(AIiddle). $50, 100.
That was America when George III
came TO the throne. Even yet the Scot
had not clearly fixed his own stamp on
any one of the colonies, or on any large
section of one. but in many places there
10 pf Scottish Infusion
that began to leaVen the lump.
Thus shortly after the arrival OF the
John and Sara prisoners, other Scot
4 fish fighting Presbyterians were brought
out in the same way and became foun-
ders Of colonies on the Elizabeth River
in Virginia, and in Maryland. Many
inhabitants Of Northwestern Scotland.
especially the clans Of Macdonald and
Macleod, were induced to emigrate by
persons who had obtained larger con-
cessions in the Carolinas; and their re-
norris drew after them. whole neighbor-
hoods from the Isles Of Raasay and
skye. Blsdensburg In MARYLAND. the
cane Fear region and Wilmington In
North Carolina. the YORK ana Kappa
hammock rivers i'm Virginia, and the vi
scinity of Albemarle Sound we're all
places At which such colonies were es-
tablished.
In 1876 an emigrant company Of High
landers started New Inverness in Darien,
Ga: and Oglethorpe, eager for such
protection for his young colony on the
side nearest the Spaniards in Florida,
maid them q formal visit wearing High
land costume, and with the pipes play
ing before him. Presently rude forti-
fication was pushed out toward the
Spanish frontier, which was given the
significant name Of Fort ST. Andrew.
In 1888 an Argyllshire man. Captain
I.aughlin Campbell, took eighty three
families from his own neighborhood 10
be established on a grant of 1900 acres.
which he had obtained on the borders
OF Lake George. in Washington County,
Y. Y. They named their tract Argyle.
IN 1864 their little company was IN
ccrporated. with a truly Scottish list
OF trustees. Alexander McNachten. Neil
Gillespie. Neil Shaw and Duncan Reid:
and presently McRaes, Campbells and
Livingstons appear among the leading
settlers. Scottish Prosbyterians were
largely settlers in Putnam County. y. Y:
others i'm Duchess County, y. V
among them Scottish family OF Starks,
of whom the country was presently to
hear more.
Various Highland regiments completed
their terms of service during the war
with France for the possession Of North
America, and others were disbanded at
lis close. Considerable numbers from
ALI ef them got grants of land for set
Element and stayed in the Carolinas and
Virginia.
The Rev. John Livingston. Of Ancrum.
follower of John Knox, Andrew Mel
willie and Alexander Henderson In the
Scottish Kirk. started to America In
1896. with other Scots and some English
Puritans. But the Eagle Wing. on
which they were embarked was driven
hack from mid-Atlantlc by a violent
storm. Livingston made no further ef-
fort to emigrate to America, but re-
eumed his life in Scotland and had a