davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-09-03
EXTERIOR VIEW OF X TOWER.

arm stops at an angle OF fortyfive de-
grees 1T indicates to the engineer that
he can proceed to the next signal
bridge at maximum speed of twenty
fve miles an hour. The second arm.
at the same angle, tells him he can go
at maximum speed Of twenty miles,
while the bottom arm, similarly placed.
means maximum speed of twelve
miles an hour. If. however the arm
is raised at an angle of ninety degrees
the engineer knows he can proceed at
whatever speed is indicated by the
signal used. and that the signal at the
next signal bridge will also be at the
preceding angle. That does not mean,
however. that the same speed VIII be
indicated, as the second signal may
tell him to lower or accelerate his
speed. * tower has jurisdiction over
two large signal bridges and several
smaller ones which cover only a few
tracks. This same course of proceed
ure is followed at c tower, while at A
tower the operator only has to operate
the tunnel traffic, through which t.ere
arc but six tracks. Each tower com .
municateS with the other by electrical
means. and thus conveys the news Of
an approaching train.
u
There are 555 signals within the
jurisdiction Of the terminal towers
Every SlSHdI DTlQSe, dS d WnOle, Is l6l-
tered from "a" to IN" Besides this
each bridge pole. or that arrangement
which contains the three signal arms
over any one track, is either Iettered
or numbered. Thus every operation
which the levermen are called upon to
perform can be done by number. the
switches and signals both having let
tiers or numbers, and the track like
wise being designated by numbers.
Running along the top of the bay
windows are thirty-two meterlike ar
rangements. These correspond to tire
number of tracks and show on their
faces a facsimile of the arms on the
signal bridges. Thus when any signal
is shown on the bridge it is ikeH Use
registered on it's corresponding indica
tors, and the men in the tower can see
what it is without having to look out
Of the window at the actual bridge.
So much for the operation of trains
which have Washington as their starting
point Each tower has, in addition, TO
look after the trains which make the Ma
tional Capital terminal point. as we'll az
those which do not. In the case of .nose
trains which make stop here of two. or
three hours, the same performance has
to be gone through as with those trains
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-09-03

while on tour of his fathers huge coun-
ty, which he desired TO represent as
member of the British house of com
mons He came to the tiny village of
~, edale with its decaying harbor and
It's dying industries, and he was told,
by those who knew, the reason that the
strath was deserted. \ former Duke
of Sutherland a near ancestor had
cleared out all the Scottish peasants
who lived in the valley. and had burned
down their croftS. These evicted tenants.
with anger in their hearts. had emigrat ted
to Canada and on the banks of the Red
river had founded a new township of
kildonan, 5000 miles away from their
Old home There was little no work
left for those who stayed behind, and
the hopes that had risen high when gold
was found TO prove the local legends
true We're dashed again by the then
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-09-03

In charge OF the camp is William
Heath, miner lately returned from the
gold fields of Dawson City, and under
him are twenty sturdy Scotsmen, drawn
miles away. They are working with
pick and shovel and prospecting pan as
eagerly and strenuously as any of the
fortune hunters who focked to the Aus
tralian diggings long ago. They are not
imaginative, these Scotch peasants, but
they know that IL they can only strike
"a lucky streak" prosperity will smile
once again on the almost ruined home of
their forefathers.
The dukes camp" as the local crofters
and shepherds have named it, is In a
place as wild as any spot in the British
Isles, where very few villages are out of
sight of railway station. 1t is situated
Ill lonely valley, 100 miles from Lou
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-09-03

S.25 a nightly washing out golo DUST
from the river bed.
From as early as the twelfth century.
when David l of Scotland was the grantor
of mine in Fifeshire, gold-digging has
been carried on in North Britain. Four
districts in Scotland where gold was found
are given in an ancient MS. sent to Lord
Burleigh at the end Of the sixteenth CEN
fury.
In this manuscript the Scotch gold
mines Of that date are described as fol-
lows:
l. Glengonnar, in Clydesdale. OF which the
MARQUIS OF Hamilton is superior. Here is much
natural gold commonly found the river
Sizes.
= Short Cleuch Water. in Crawford Moor. of
which the Earl of Lothian is superior. Gold
got from here brought TO the king and tried
was valued at e3SO.u00 = ton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-09-03

There are 165 switches within the termi-
nal jurisdiction.
In each of these three towers the prin-
cipal instruments are those connected
with working the switches which dot the
tracks for mile beyond the station.
These instruments are called electro-pneu-
matte interlocking machines. That at X
tower is a believer machine. while the one
at c tower is a 11-lever and the one at A
tower is a Believer machine Each level
works either a switch or a signal on the
signal bridges. which span the tracks all
along the roads over which these towers
have jurisdiction. BY moving any one
of the levers for that purpose switch
is moved through the medium of cleo
tricity and compressed air and train is
sent from one track to another as desir-
ed. These switch levers form the top
row of those of the machine, while the
lower ones constitute the signal levers
and when moved similarly operate the
signals on the bridges.
In connection with these switching ma
chimes is another instrument which can
best be explained by saying it is some
what similar to the electric score board,
we'll known to base ball fans. On this
board-the one at K tower being the
largest-is shown every track covered by
that tower. These are in miniature of
course. and extend supposedly the same
length as that covered by the machinery
for switching Here. also, are shown the
signal bridges. and. by means of num-
bers. the location of every switch. AS a
train comes down a certain track the
corresponding track on the board goes
dark. Then as it passes a certain sec
ton, as lengths of track are termed, the
light shows again, and the next strip
goes dark. Thus it is an easy matter
for the levermen to follow the course OF
the train by simply glancing at the board
in front of them.
This indication on the board of the
position of the train is accomplished
through the medium of electricity and is
part OF the system by which the switch
ing itself is done. The sections into
which the track is divided are all cleo
trical circuits. The current flows from
battery in * tower out through the
rails and back again through tho inter
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-09-03

g. Wanlock in Robertsmoor. Of which the Lord
Sanquhsr IS superior under the king.
4. Mannock Water. In Mannock Moor.
Sir Bevis Bulmer in 1900 made search
for gold in Scotland and presented Queen
Elizabeth with a gold porringer made
from the precious metal he discovered.
over the Intel of his house in celebra-
ton of this Sir Bevis had inscribed the
following couplet:'
I'm wanlock. Elwand and Glengonnar
/ wan my riches and my honor
So the people Of Kildonan. whose mine
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-09-03

between the mountains, found the Duke
of Sutherland's gold mining camp, or
which all London society has begun to
talk. There We're two large square green
tents pitched in the center of the clear
ing. and by the side of the brook which
roars down here over the stones like an
infant Niagara was a small bell tent, In
which Heath, the klondlke miner In
charge, was seated.
Come right i'm he shouted, and in
moment the writer was in the ro-
mantle atmosphere of British gold
camp. Here was nothing to remind
one of London. Hills were all around
1t was the home of the deer, of the
eagle and of the wild things of the
mountains.
Heath of Klondike, who is a native
of the "Potteries. where the Duke of
Sutherland owns other vast estates, is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-09-03

Duke of Sutherland. who refused to al
low the camp to be worked any longer
Il will see my father about it, cried
the marquis with boyish enthusiasm
when a deputation OF villagers asked
him to help them to test their belief in
the treasure lying under the barren
moors. The marquis was good as his
word. He interested his father in the
wonderful dream, and for the last month
scene which might have been trans
planted straight from the Yukon has
been set on the bank Of the kildonan
Stream.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-09-03

don, and it might be 1000 for all the
scattered inhabitants hear and know of
the great world outside. The writer drove
to it from Helmsdale, up the winding val
lev which is scattered with stones that
once formed part Of the cottages of those
unhappy ones who were driven away to
Canada at the within of the ducal land
lord. who valued deer and salmon more
than tenants or their homes.
At last the writer came to the site OF
the old "City of Gold" and a little be
yond, on small level space of grass
where the Suisgill makes a sharp bend
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-09-03

KILDONAN, Already a
Ia Gold Mine to the Duke
of Sutherland, Because of It's
Salmon Stream, Now Being
Worked for Actual Gold by
Scottish Peasants Under An
Experienced Miner From
Dawson City-Romantic Val
ley Which Was Depopulated
BY a Former Duke Because
People Interfered With Sport
May Again Become a Center
of Population-Local Tradi-
ton Tells of Lost King Solo
mons Mines.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-09-03

county of Sutherlandshre, in which
kildonan is situated. The gold dggers
who had, of course, no "squatters
rights there, We're forced to go, and
only signboard bearing the words
"Baile'n Dir" which is Gaelic for CITY
of Gold" remained until lately to show
this generation that their fathers had
sought fortunes among these barren
hills
But now there has been romantic re-
vival for the Marquis of Stafford the
young son and heir of the Duke of
Sutherland, recently visited the spot
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-09-03

transformed from a bare and desolate
place into the city Of gold they talked
Of
In the village Of Helmsdale, where
the old harbor breakwater has been
broken down by the order of the duke
so that the salmon may not be OBJ
structed gold has been found among
the stones under the bridge at the
river mouth. Here by the side of the
sea. thirteen miles from the gold burn.
village women in the evening have earn
ed pin money-sometime as much as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-09-03

have been drawn from the fascination
of hooking giant salmon to explore uiis
miniature Klondike While the writer
was there a husband and wife who had
journeyed from that far-away Mon
dixie which their fathers had estap-
lished in Canada came to look for the
first time at this romantic valley when
had been the home of their ancestors
before they were burned out of their
crofts by the masterful old duke VINO
regarded the strath as a sporting field
only. These visitors from over seas
had proSpered but their hearts were
in the highlands still
IF gold is only found now in paying
quantities as it was when we were
children" they said, 'Kildonan will be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-09-03

which make this their starting point. But
a different system has to be used in con-
nection with the thrangh-going trains.
The regular railroad schedule, of course,
shows just what regular trains will pass
through Washington every day, and at
what time. 1t is then simply a question
of whether or not they will get in o.
time. In the main building of the Union
station is a telegraph office in which
number of men are constantly taking
down messages. These messages are rela-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-09-03

men and millionaires with their fami-
lies from all parts of the kingdom.
for the salmon fishing here is consid-
cred to be the best in Scotland, and
the duke already receives some $4,000
year in rents from those who wish
to enjoy the right to fish there. SO
from the ducal point of view it is al
ready river of gold" whatever may
be the final result of the mining now
in progress.
The visitors to the camp have in
Guided peers. South African magnates
and leaders of London society, who
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-09-03

anywhere in the BRUSH Isles seems dt
first TOO startling to be true, but TINS
latest example is only another instance of
history repeating itself. for through the
centuries gold in rich and paying guam
titles has been found in many parts Of
Scotland and also in Wales
Round the valley of the Helmsdalt.
which runs down from Kildonan to the
sea, there have been for hundreds ~
years rumors that a veritabl King SolJ-
mons mine lay hidden somewhere amUus5
the desolate Scottish hills. Some OF the
gold for the royal crown OF Scotland
came. il said, from Kildouan, ana
some forty years ago an old Scotsman,
who had returned To. his native village
from the Bailarat gold fields, found a mug
get in the brook outside his cottage door.
His lucky find drew a swarm OF amateur
miners from England, Ireland and, of
course, all parts OF Scotland To kildonan.
where in the course of a few months
many thousand pounds worth of gold
was obtained But this busting mining
camp. which had sprung up so sudri +
in country OF deer forests and ii
streams rented TO noble spOrtsms j. caused
annoyance 10 these privileged and titled
personages, so the old Duke of Suther-
land. the father OF the present holder OF
the title gave stern orders that all work
was TO cease.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-09-03

AVE you ever no
ticed. just about a
minute before your
train pulled out of
Union station, that
the conductor went
up to a small black
arrangement on one
of the platform
posts with two
electric light bulbs
and a keyhole III it?
Or have you, as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-09-03

attention TO the business in hand There
can be no mapping or stopping TO indulge
In a little aside with any one When
train leaves the station the engineer,
comes with the realization that tho
men in the tower Will switch his train
10 the proper tracks. He has nothing 10
do with IT, except send his train
ahead at the speed indicated by the last
signal Whether or not he does proceed
correctly depends on the train director
and levermen.
In connection with this part Of ths
work however. the system is so arranged
that the signal telling the engineer how
to proceed cannot be operated until the
route he is to take has been set up ready
for the train TO proceed Consequently
al soon as the little arm on the bridge
indicates TO the engineer that he can pro
coed. at twenty-five miles an hour hs
knows that the track ahead of him is
properly opened for the route he must
take.
The instruments on the train directors
desk are continually clicking their mes
sages. the little pencil Of the telautograph
is iotting down some order from the
main telegraph room or the telephone
bell is jangl.ng its hurry call. And with
the receiver to his ear the train director
will keep the conversation going and call
some order to the levermen. or he send
ing out some message and giving orders
at the same time. The work requires a
quick mind and constant attention.
The telephone bell rings. Taking the
receiver down the train director listens
replies and then calls out "l6 X TO 40
Immediately the leyermen operate Ger
tain switch and signal levers, the train
comes on and the next order is executed
Such an order as that Just given would
mean that the train leaving the station
on sixteen track would he routed BY the
signal at point X to track forty on which
track II would leave the jurisdiction OF
the terminal towers
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-09-03

locking machine. But as soon as train
touches a track section it short circuits
that current and instead of the current
passing through the interlocking machine
it reaches the battery again by passing
through the train wheels This causes
the track to become practically para
lyzed, the light behind the corresponding
track on the board goes black and the
interlocking machine, so far as that par
ticular section Is concerned. is useless.
Unless the switches are opened or closed
before train strikes a section it cannot
he done afterward. as by short circuit
ing the current every switch on that sec
tiOn is locked
be operated when the light on the
board shows behind the track, as the
current lighting behind the board
reaches there only after it has passed
through the machine. and when one is
dead 50 is the other. There are
many advantages gained through this
system. for even if a leverman lost his
head for instance. he would be unable
to operate the switch on the same sec
ton on which train is passing. Or
again, by this method 1T is impossible.
when one train is already on a certain
section, for leverman by operating a
switch to send another train in on
that same section. as he is unable to
operate a dead" switch.
i
K tower is a long. one-room wide
building three stories high. The top
story is what is known as the tower"
and is large room entirely surround
ed by windows. It's length runs
parallel with the tracks. and at that
end facing Union station is a raised
platform in the form Of a bay win
dow. Here sits the train director in
such a position as to command a view
of the entire range of tracks. AS each
operation becomes necessary in the
of any train he calls out to
the levermen on duty, who operate
the switches only upon the order of the
man in the bay window.
1t is about midway between this
tower and the station that the first
signal bridge is situated. This is
large framelike structure. which ex-
tends over the entire, number OF tracks.
and on which are set three rows OF
signals.
This takes the form Of an arm-Hke
which can ne automatically
raised from the tower. AS soon as a
train leaves the station one of the
arms over the track 1t is proceeding
on takes a certain position. II the top
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-09-03

NE of the most ro-
mantle and aristo-
cratic gold mining
camps in the world
has been pitched
recently on the
banks of the Suis-
gill Burn near XII
DOMAIN, in the re-
mote highlands of
Scotland.
That gold should
be discovered at all
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-09-03

The Dukes of Sutherland, WHO for gem
erations have held proud place among
the richest landowners in the British
peerage, have always been kings in
everything but name in Scotland, where
they own the whole OF the wild rolling
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-09-03
"'A'A" "I-' ~ rEcTINGAT

is also mentioned in Scottish history. are
waiting anxiously for the result of the
Duke of Sutherland's mining experiment.
Copyright. 1911. in the United States by Curtis
Brown. All British rights reserved)
Woman Lawyers Gaining Ground.
From Law Notes.
Women are now eligible for admission
to the bar in all federal courts, and in
Maine, Massachusetts,, Connecticut, New
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, North
Carolina. Indiana. Michigan, Ohio. Ore,
gon. South Dakota, Washington and sew.
eral other states.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-09-03
,ecial Correspondence of The Star.
la I II

KILDoNAN. Scotland. August y. 1911.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1911-04-06
HIGH SCHOOL NOTES

Mr.. Sanford Dodge spoke to the pu-
pills OF the High School the last day
OF the Wwinter term of school.
The agriculture class attended the
farmers institute on development
day.
Once more the faces of the students
will be either smiling or sad for the
report cards will be given them Fri
day morning.
Fhe geometry class has begun
their review work
Outdoor work will soon be taken
UP by the agriculture class.
Ethel Valtinson has resumed her
cutles in school after a long absence
due to sickness.
Reulah Smedbron had the joy of
the measles during vacation.
A number of High School students
enjoyed good time out at Florence
Lewis home Sunday.
There was quite a number of alb
sences Monday. Perhaps some of the
pupils wanted a longer vacation.
Wanted-Flowers for the botany
class as soon as possible.
The B. B. boys team was entertain
ed Thursday evening at the home of
Frances Lindberg by the girls B. 3.
team. Games were played after which
lunch was served and all report a
good time.
It has been decided to have Base
Ball team and practice work will be-
gin as soon as the ground is in good
condition.
Oh, that last weeks vacation were
only the beginning of the summer va
cation.
The proofs of the B. B. boys team
has been seen and those who have or
dered them are anxiously waiting for
one to put in their collection of IA
nous pictures.
How many fools were fooled on Ap-
I'll 1st?
Josephine Dixon proved herself
crack shot out at the Lewis farm Sun
day when she hit can seven times
out of ten. (When no one was look
ing)
We see that Howard has not forsot-
ten how to drive the mules yet.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1911-04-06
RLAckDuck GETS CONVENTION
Woman's Missionary Society Ad-
journs at East Grand Forks

East Grand Forks, Mimi, Mar. 30
With the selection of Blackduck as
the next meeting place, a special ad-
dress by Mrs. E. Barton of Minneap-
cjis on "My School Work Among the
Mountaineers of the South" and the
election of officers, the eighth annual
convention of the Woments Home ana
Foreign Missionary society of the
Adams Presbytery came to a close in
this city last night.
Mrs. G. W. Eastburn of Stephens,
was elected president of the foreign
society; Mrs. E. L. Freeburg, Black
duck, corresponding secretary; Miss
Eva Powell, Warren, recording secre-
tary; Mrs. w. Shiels, Hallock, treas
urer; Mrs. j. Fl. Hannah, Davidson,
secretary of literature, and Miss Flor
ence Wilder, Crookston, secretary of
Y. P. S. C. E.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1911-04-06
WILL FORM NEW CONFERENCE.

A meeting of ministers and dele
sates from the various congregations
Of the Swedish Lutheran church in
northern Minnesota and North Dako-
ia, was held at Moorhead on Tuesday
and Wednesday this week, for the
purpose of discussing plans for the
organization OF new conference.
There were 81 congregations repre-
sented by % pastors and So delegates.
Rev. E. NJ. Erickson was chosen chair
man and Rev. Ording. secretary. A
resolution was passed to form a new
conference, the vote standing 34 in
favor, 4 against and 8 undecided-the
others refrained from voting The new
conference will include the Alexan-
dria, Fargo, Red River, North Dakota,
and part of Big Stone districts. A
committee consisting of Revs. Wah-
lund, Swanson and Prof Abrahamson
was appointed a committee to draft q
constitution. A petition will be pre-
sented to the Minnesota conference at
its next meeting praying for the
granting of the request for separation
and the next meeting of the Angus
tana synod will be asked to ratify this
action.
Erick Brunsell, of Alvarado, is WIS.,
iting friends in Warren for few
days.
Rev. E. o. Chelgren. Rev. G.. Wah,
lund and Prof O. E. Abrahamson at
tended meeting held at Moorhead
this week for the purpose of organiz-
ing new conference.