The new era., 1911-07-13


tie or no surface water. One may travel for
miles and miles and never cross river or brook.
or even chance upon modest spring. Indeed,
In the northern part, where most of the great
ruined cities are located, water is fully ~ feet
below the surface Of the ground. The modern
Inhabitants overcome this difficulty by means
of wells and windmills which afford the only
source of water supply during the dry sea
son December to June) excepting what little
rain water may have been caught during the
rainy months and stored in cisterns.
But of wells and windmills the ancient May
as knew nothing. and. generally speaking. nao
It not been for the great natural reservoirs
which nature had scattered here and there
over the country Yucatan never could have
been colonzed.
These great natural wells. or, as the Mayas
call them, cenotes are found all over Yucatan.
They are usually about $50 feet in diameter, or
sometimes more. and about 70 feet In depth to
the level OF the water Biologists say tnat
these cenotes places where the limestone
crust. which everywhere covers the surface
of Yucatan has become weakened by the
washing of subterranean waters ana mas cal
lapsed of its own weight, forming great sink
holes or natural wells on a large scale. And
now 1t is clear why the ancient inhabitants
of Chichen Itza so named their city. In the
course of their wanderings, the general trend
of which was northward. the Itzas, entering
Yucatan from the south, finally reached the
two cenotes around which Chichen 1tza later
was built but which then was probably moth
ing but wilderness. Here the striking contrast
afforded by such an abundance of water in
country SO generally parched could not fall to
. have attracted their attention. The place must
have seemed to the thirsty wanderers God
given site for the location Of their new home.
By right of discovery they claimed the place,
and to the city which grew up around the CEN
otes they gave the name OF Chichen ltza Ine
of fho oil Of he
Tie two cenotes at Chichen liza have been
known by the Mayas from time immemorial
as the Cenote Grande and the Cenote Sacra
or the large Cenote and the Sacren Cenote. re-
spectiyely The first Of these only in former
times was used for the water supply OF the
city, the Sacred Cenote being reserved for re-
ligous use exclusively. 1t is the latter, now
ever, and the religious observances held IN
connection with 1t, which gave the city Its
holy character From far and near all over
Yucatan and probably even from points more
distant pigrimages were made to the sacred
Cenote It seems to have been the most molly
shrine of the Maya people, comparable only
in importance to the Mohammedan Mecca and
the Christian Jerusalem. In time OF drought
offerings of all kinds were thrown into 1t
treasures and in cases Of extremity even llv-
ing human sacrifices.
Chichen Itza today is somewhat changed IN
appearance from the time when pilgrims came
from far and near to appease with human sac
ridce the wrath Of offended deties Now the
city lies buried in thick Jungle, which has
steadily won its way into the very heart OF
the holy place. Colonnades have been over
thrown and pyramids covered with trees to
their summit; courts have been lost In
tangle of thorn and creepers; and palaces
stripped Of their sculptured establishment
Desoation has spread everywhere In the
wake of the oncroaching vegetation