The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1911-10-19


'ceiyed the idea Of building The maItha.llned els
terms found In Egypt and at Petrnh, although Of
unknown antiquity are st IN a perfect state
OF preservation and M for practical use Il Is al
80 wellestablished fact that In the preparation
OF material for embalmlug and encaustlc painting
In Egypt and Mexico maltha formed the principal
part
Many theories have been advanced as to how
bitumen has been produced but no general chem.
teal formula can be given for the occurrence Of
the several curious forms OF the product There
Is no doubt, however. that bitumen represents
substance that Is obtained from petroleum
found In It's liquid state IN the containing rocks
and by the process OF natures laboratory has
been gradually converted into It's more solid form
This process may be described as EVAPORATION
As the oil seeps TO the surface generally. By i,s
own gaseous pressure the natural gases spIr.
ituous and light oils are eyaporated by the sun
and the residues asphaltum and maltha formed
Indications Of the presence OF petroleum are fre-
quently found on the surface In the form Of bltu-
men. but there is no fixed rule and recent dls.
coyeries seem to upset the theory that oil can
only be found under certain conditions Wells
nave been sunk and oil found along the coast OF
California where the operations have even ex.
tended Tor some distance into the sea In n
variety OF climates and from the sea level up
through the lofty ranges OF the Andes has this
remarkable light Of the world" been secured
Petroleum, also known mineral oil crude
OIL and stone oil. may be described as a liquid
FORM OF bltumen found seeplng from the creyices
OF rccks and floating about on the surface OF the
water It's color varies from a light straw
through amber red and brown 10 a dark green
and black II Is mixture of hydrocarbons or
compounds OF hydrogen and carbon varying con.
siderably, according TO the locality IN which Il Is
found. IN both composition and consistency and
OF two distinct varieties asphalt base and parafan
base, with many constituents
The more volatile and inflammable portions Of
the raw product separated by refining each
constituent being taken on and collected sep
arately by gradually raising the temperature OF
the oil and passing the consequent vapors or
gases through series OF condansers The prod.
ucts from the paratiin bases are usually taken OF
hs foHows Gasollnes and nnphthas kerosene or
standard white. ns Il Is now known other Hlunl
natlng oils. light and heavy lubricatlng oils par.
ann, and greases Of various descriptions The
percentage OF each product recovered from the
crude varies according 10 the character OF the
crude, fair average OF Pennsylvania crude oil
ran as follows: Gasoline, 1k per cent; naphthas.
il per cent; kerosene So per cent. ubrIcstlpK
OILS l11a per cent; paraln per cent; and resldue
OF pitch, etc, 10 per cent Many varieties OF
petroleum require special treatment In order 10
sulphur and other Objectionable ele.
ments. From the asphaltbase petroleum IA de.
priYed OF resduum employed in the inanufac.
ture OF insulating, water-proohng and roofing MA.
ierials- resduum known as "coke" Is also
Used as fuel and in the manufacture OF carbons
or arc lights and electric batteries
Along the banks OF a stream in Pennsylvania.
low known under the prosaic title Of OH Creek