davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-03-01
DEADLY MINE GASES.
Their Action Upon the Flame Of the
Safety Lamp.

Their Action Upon the Flame Of tho
Safety Lamp.
The safety lamp. a heavy metal Ian
tern shaped object with circular
globe of heavy plate glass, il the only
light other than electricity that can be
safely carried into a gaseous mine.
The lamps are lit before they are
taken into the mine and. I'm addition.
are securely locked, that no accident
or ignorant intention may expose the
open fame to the gases o. the mine.
Over small soOty yellow fame
which gives 4 light less bright than
that Of an ordinary candle are two
wire gauze cones fitting snugly inside
the heavy globe. and it IS through
these cones that the flame draws the
air which supports it. The presence Of
black damp. or carbon dioxide, can
easily be detsct1sl. il not by its odor. by
the action Of tine flame, which grows
dim and. II the black damp exists IN
any quantity. is finally extinguisheI.
White damp. the highly explosive gas
which is most feared. has. OF the
other hand. totally different effect,
In the presence Of this gas the flame
Of the safety lamp becomes pointed.
and as the gas grows stronger the
flame seems to separate from the wick
and an almost invisible blue cone
forms beneath it. II the miner con-
tinues to advance into the white damp
he will pass through line in which
there are nine parts of air to one part
gas uhe explosive mixfure,. and the
lamp will instantly register this ex-
plosive condition by 4 sudden crack
ling inside the Gauze and the extin-
gushing of the flame. Were it an open
lamp the explosion ignited by the
fame would sweep throughout the Ell
tire workings. carrying death AMI de-
struction before it. but by the con
struction of the safety lamp the cx-
plOsion confines itself tn the limited
area within the =auzc cones. AMI I'M
less the lamp is moved suddenly and
the flame is dragged through the =auZc
at the instant that the explosion o.
ours within tho globe it VIII not eN-
tend beyond the gauze.-AtElntic.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-03-01
only God could appreciate it.


Washington was . typical Ameri-
can, Napoleon Was . typical French
man, but Lincoln was . humanitarian
Is broad - the world. He Was bigger
than his eouutry-bigger than oil the
presidents together. Why? Because
he loved his enemies - himself, and
because he Vas q universal individual.
list who wanted; to SEQ himself in the
world-nOt the world in himself. He
was great through his simplicity and
was noble through his charity.
Lincoln is . strong type Of those
who make for truth and justice. for
brotherhood and freedom. Love 10
the foundation of his life. That is
what makes him immortal and that is
the quality If giant. l hope that
his centenary birthday will create an
impulse toward Righteousness among
the nations. Lincoln lived and died
. hero, and rs a great character he
will live rs long as the world lives.
May his life long bless humanity
Tolstoy's Tribute to Lincoln.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-03-01
LAYING BRICKS.
How Scientific Methods Raised the
Standard Of Days Work.


Standard Of Days Work.
There are now eminent consulting
engineers who are engaged by indus
trial heads to study their establish
ments from top to bottom with view
to finding by scientific study the meth
DDS Of working. accounting and han
ding labor which will improve on the
old traditional habits. Some extraordi
nary results have been attained. What
scientific management means is adj
mirably illustrated by the story of
bricklaying. as told by an expert.
Ordinarily brick mason makes
eighteen different sets of motions in
laying Il single brick. He bends over.
in the first place. to pick up one brick.
and in lifting it he lifts ten pounds of
brick and about hundred pounds of
brick masOn-the upper part Of his
own body. In laying 1000 bricks in a
days work he lifts 100000 pounds Of
brick mason. This was an obvious
waste Of labor. So 4 common labOrer
was hired to put the bricks where the
them. Another thing is that when a
mason picks up handmade brick.
which is always a little thicker ut one
side than OH the other. he losses the
brick up. turning it over until his
touch tells him which side is the top
before lie puts it i'm place in the wall.
The cure for this was to have all the
bricks piled top up before they We're
brought to the maSOns. Then. further.
every one has seen the mason tap his
brick several times to settle it into the
mOrtar-mOre waste of time. The cure
was to make the mortar thinner, SO
that the weight Of the brick would set
tie it into the right position. This was
scientific management. motion study"
1t raised the days work for the aver
age brick mason from Loo up to 200
bricks a day and in individual cases to
much higher figures. The mason made
only six motions where he used to
make Standardization Review of
Reviews.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-03-01
A Medical Sherlock Holmes.

y physician was knocked down and
robbed while on his way to see a pa
tient. His pockets were riHed. and
one of the articles stolen was a elm
zeal thermometer with which he had
earlier in the evening taken the tenn
perature of patient. He remem-
bered the temperature registered and
also that he had not shaken down the
mercury before putting the thermom-
eter in his pocket. He communicated
these facts to the police. Some time
afterward thermometer registering
the identical temperature was discOv-
cred i'm pawnshOp. and the police
were enabled thereby to track the doc
tors aSsailants and to arrest them.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-03-01
SPHERICITY OF THE EARTH.
"Parailax" Bet Against II. and He Lost
His Wager.

The straightest canal i'm the world is
in England and runs from Firth. i'm
Cambrid:eShirc. TO Dcnvcrs Sluicc.
twenty-five" miles away. 1t was here
that years ago Il decisive experiment
was conducted to prove the Splcricity
Of the earth. At that time. says High
ways and Ryways In CambridcEShirc.
n ileluded gentleman. who called him
self "Parallax." was OhScsScd with the
notion that the globe was Il Tat disk
and used to go lecturing with great
vigOr on the subject. After these lee
lures lie invited questions. none Of
which was able to shake his belief.
When asked. for example. "Why does
the hull of a ship disappear below the
horizon while the masts remain Wis
ible:" lie would answer. because the
lowest stratum Of air Is the densest
and therefore soonest cOn1PalS objects
seen through it." Finally he showed
his whole hearted belief i'm his absurd
views by laying q heavy wager that no
one would tliSprOve them. The stakes
were deposited in the hands Of judges.
and the trial. under agreed conditions.
took place upon the New river, rs part
Of the canal is called. Three boats
were moOrcd three miles apart each
provided with crOSstree OF equal
height. If the earth was spherical the
central cross would appear above the
other to an observer looking through
a telescope lcvcle,l from the croSstrcc
Of the boat mt either end: il it was flat
he would sec both the other cr"sSrrccS
as one. "ParallaX" declared that he
did see them so. hut the judges nnani-
mously decided against him. and the
poor man lost his money
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-03-01
NO INCREASE IN FREIGHT
RATES.

The decisions of the Interstate
Commerce commission refusing to ap'
prove the schedules of increased freight
rates presented by the railroads are q
momentous victory for the shipper and
the consumer. While they will doubt.
less cause wry faces and elicit dismal
forebodings from railroad magnstes
and bond syndicate promoters, these
decisions will be hailed with intense
satisfaction by the general public that
pays the freight. Public satisfaction
will be the more marked because the
combined railroads of the country
brought all possible pressure to bear
on the commission, while the cause of
those who might suffer from increased
rates had to be pleaded by volunteers.
a general increase of freight rates at
this time would unquestionably have
tended to hold up, if not raise higher,
the present high cost of living. which
seems to have reached a turning point.
The course of these rate cases has
reflected peculiar change of base on
the part Of the railroads. When the
roads filed the higher rate tariffs the
common impression was that they
were making a play to prevent the
Interstate Commerce commission from
reducing rates by setting up q claim
that existing rates we're noncompensa.
tory and left them in dire need of more
revenue. When they began to pre-.
sent their side the railroad officials
and their lawyers, if they were previ.
ously in doubt, actually persuaded
themselves that they were in a condi-
ton requiring relief, and that they
might win the commission over to that
view if they could create . public sen.
timent to support it. From the read
ing of the opinions handed down by
Commissioners Prouty and Lane it
would seem that the railroads overshot
the mark, and that they merely proved
that where the weaker roads were
handicapped the big trunk lines were
meeting the increased cost of operation
and higher wages out Of the revenue
from increased traffic and continued to
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-03-01

pay normal dividends and add to their
surplus. To increase rates to the
point Of giving the weakest road full
returns on claimed investment would
insure the strong roads extravagaDt
profits, and the commission will not
force the public to pay for the mis-.
takes Of inefiiciency Of the railroad
builders.
Failure to put the new freight
schedules over may be expected to
react somewhat On the stock market
and the quotations of railway securi.
ties. but the prospect for development
aud the assurance Of u steady volume
of traffic should be too clear to let it
operate as a serious sctback.-Omaha
Bee.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-03-01
We're All Actors.

Nine. Alexandria Viarla. the Polish
tragedienne. once propountcd the fol-
lowing:
cit is strange thing. but ask n man
TO mend n rip i'm his coat.
NO: he is not tailor.
ASK another tn stop the faucet from
leaking.
mo; he's not 4 plumber.
''Or another to do bit Of cabinet
work
mo; he i not Il carpenter.
"But ask any one of the three or all
Of them to enact little part in play
and each will smile in fatuous conf
dence and instantly acquiesce.
But watch him act"'
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-03-01
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.

Of all the great national heroes
and statesmen of history, Lincoln is
the only real giant. Alexander,
Frederick the Great, Caesar, Napoleon,
Gladstone and even Washington stand
in greatness Of character. in depth Of
feeling and in a certain moral power
far behind Lincoln. Lincoln was a
man of whom a nation has right to
be proud; he was a Christ in miniature,
. saint of humanity, whose name will
live thousands of years in the legends
Of future generations.
Now, why was Lincoln 50 great
that he overshadows oil other national
heroes? He really was not a great
general, like Napoleon or Washing.
ton; he was not such q skiIlful states
man Is Gladstone or Frederick the
Great; but his supremacy expresses
itself altogether in his peculiar moral
power and in the greatness of his
character. 1t is natural that before
he reached his goal he had to walk
the highway of mistakes. But we
find him. nevertheless, in every tend
eucy true to one main motive. and
that was to benefit mankind. He was
one who wanted to be great through
his smallness. If he had failed to be.
come President, he would be, no
doubt, just as great a. he is now, but
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-03-01
WHISTLER WAS INDIGNANT.
The Idea Of Buying His Pictures and
Then Demanding Possession.

The Idea Of Buying His Pictures and
Then Demanding Possession.
A certain eminent English lady. the
proud possessOr OF title Of fairly high
degree, who admired Whistler's gen.
ius to the extent Of purchasing one Of
his pictures. never was able to obtain
possession Of her property. One day
she drove to the studio In her victoria.
Mr.. Whistler went to greet her.
"Nr. Whistler" she said. 1.-TWO years
ago ! bought one Of your pictures.
beautiful thing. and I have never been
able to hang it on my walls. IL has
been loaned to one exhibition or an
other. Now. today have my carriage
with me. and I would like to take IL
home with ME. I am told it IL in your
possession"
Dear lady," returned Whistler. "you
ask the impossible. I will send 1t to
you when l have it again. but it IS not
here. You have been misinformed."
And so forth. and so forth. to the same
effect. and the lady drove of without
her picture.
After she had departed Whistler
commenced to poke around his studio
and. to the great establishment Of
friend who had been an involuntary
listener tn the above conversation. he
brought forth q canvas.
"Here it is" he said. She was right
about one thing-it is beautiful" And
il was beautiful
''Hut the impudcncc of these people,"
he continued "who think that because
they pay a few paltry hundred pounds
they own my pictures. Why. it mere
~ secures them the privilege Of hav-
ing them in their houses now and
then! The pictures are miner
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-03-01
The Wicked Majority.

\ new gardener had been employed
on 4 Long Island estate. This man
was raking leaves off the lawn one fall
day when a neighbor. passing by. in
quired of him. where's the gardener
who used to work here:"
Dead. sir" was the reply.
Dead said the astonished neigh
Dor. Then. musing. he added. Joined
the great majority. eh:'
'Oh. sir" the gardener interrupted in
Il shocked voice, Il wouldn't like to
say that. He was n good enough man
as far rs l know"
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-03-01
Lack of Tact.

'That man is about the most tact
less person I have ever known"
Il agree with You. He would have
no more sense than to ask a barber to
subscribe to n fund for the purpose Of
prOvitlin. n monument for the inven-
tor Of the safety raZOr.'- Chicago Rec
ord Herald
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-03-01
srROTHER & COMPANY. Proprietors.


RENEWALS-The date opposite your nsIne On
your paper, cr wrapper shows to Whist time your
subscription 10 paid. Thus james shove that
payment la. been received mp to Jan. 1. 1905,
Rsb06 to Feb I. 1905 and 40 on. When payment
10 made, the date. which answers - . receipt,
viil b changed sccordinaly.
DlSCONTINUANCES-K esronr BILE subscrib-
ers viii continue to receive this journal until the
publishers are notified By letter. to discontinue,
vheu all srrearaeea ~ret be paid. IF you do not
vish the Journal cont, "ed for another gear az
ter the time paid for &c expired. goo should
previously notify Dc to ';acontinue it.
CHANGE IN ADDRESS-when ordering .
,hsnss In the address. subscribers should be surs
70 siss their old as yell as their new address.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-03-01

NOVSWUeIs uSSS IO0ScI0u luASos Aouuo0
tries until they reach point where
more than half our exports are manu-.
featured products sold in competitive
markets at . fraction Of the prices at
which they are sold at home. There
being no further advance possible in
this direction, then on this theory it is
perfectly proper that We should begin
At the other end, and by wiping cut ev.
cry vestige Of tariff ON natural
products-grsin, roots. lumber, live
stock-build up these manufactur.
ing interests by giving them raw mat
erials at the lowest possible cost.
This is direction in which We have
been moving for years. We see it
stated that about half our imports are
raw material for manufacturers, and
most Of them free. We give them re-
bates to the extent of ninety-nine per
cent ON raw material on which they
pay duty; for example, wheat milled
in transit for export; corn shipped in
from Argentina and made into corn
products for export; tin shipped in
from Wales to be made into oil cans.
The step which the president has
taken is therefore logical Que on the
assumption that we owe the mannfae-
turer a living. The next logical step
will be the admission Of cattle free
from Mexico; corn, wheat and cattle
free from Argentina. The senate has
passed a ship subsidy bill looking to
this end. Senator Cummins voted
against il, but Senator Young was pair
ed for it, and this vote, or rather pair,
was sufficient to carry the bill. By
the time this is accomplished thetrusts
that control the great factories can do
what they please with the farmers.
Who will stand unhitched and cat out
of their hands. They will then not
fear the wrath Of the granger As they
do now. The fears Of many students
of political economy, that the farms of
America will be owned by great
landlords and farmed by peasantry,
will then be in fair way to be reali-
zed.
The fundamental question which
the farmer must now consider is whe.
Their he owes the manufacturer, the
transporter, or the merchant, or
anybody else under the sun,ia living.
This question settled, the res. will be
easy. He will then be in a position to
say: Free hides, free shoes; free wool;
free wOOlens; free coal and ore. then
free steel. woven wire aud building
material. Sass" for the goose, Sass"
for the gander.
This proposition &: ..e- tIa,:1 with
Canada, to be followed by free trade
with Mexico and the Argentina, is no
surprise to US. 1t is the logical result
Of the theory upon which we have been
building tariffs, namely, that the farm
er owes the manufacturer living. 1t
has come sooner than We expected, Oh
account of the elections Oflast NOvem-
ber.-Wallacesis Farmer.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-03-01
CANADIAN RECIPROCITY
Does the Farmer Owe the Manufacturer
q Living? -... ..

Just when we supplemented farm.
ers were preparing to demonstrate to
the presidents tariff commission that
We were entitled to protection to the
extent of the difference in the cost of
production of wheat on the one.hun.
dred.dollar land of the wheat belt Of
the west, as compared with that grown
ON twenty-dollar land in Canada, Of
cattle in the corn belt rs compared
with cattle on the Canadian ranges,
and of corn in the corn belt as com
pared with corn grown on the steppes
Of Argentina, the pNssident makes q
sudden flop and propose>to wipe out
all protection against Canada by q
treaty providing for fee trade in all
natural products.
All this is exactly what We expect
ed, what We have been telling our
readers for two years past, at which
statement some of them were disposed
to take offense. Neither the standpat.
ers nor the I rogressives in Washington
know just what they are at. There IS
a wholesome fear on both sides that
the farmer will gradually show his
teeth aud possibly make an ugly rent
in the whole tariff system.
We are not now going to discuss the
question As to what extent the farmer
will be injured by this reciprocity
treaty, for that would be discussing it
from a purely selfish standpoint, the
same low standpoint from which this
question has been discussed for forty
years. In fact, we do not know just
what effect the proposed treaty would
have on prices of the farm products Of
the central west. Rather, We wish to
put this fundamental question to our
readers: Do the farmers owe the man.
ufacturing interests a living? That We
do has been quietly assumed for forty
years. The doctrine Of the times Of
Washington. Clay, Webster and even
Lincoln was that the farmer. and in
fact the whole people, owed infant in.
dustries struggling for an existence
protection against the well.established
industries of the Old Woodland gave
it.
For the last 6rty years it has been
tacitly assumed, not that the people
owe infant industries this sort of pro-
lection. but that they owe them liv-
ing, guarantee of success. This as
sumption underlies all attempts at re-
form that have been made. The re.
publican party at its last convention
advocated a tariff equal to the differ.
ence in cost Of production plus rea'
sonable profit. The presidents tariff
commission is acting on precisely the
same assumption. Every proposition
in congress for reform Of the evils Of
the tariff proceeds on the same basis.
Now, is this true or false! Does the
farmer, does the labOrer, owe the man.
ufacturer living? At any rate, they
have consented to the advance Of tar.
ifs on manufactured products to such
an extent that the people rebelled last
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-03-01
Caution.

Caution.
shall I have this prescription filed
:,ithout further consultations" asked
the patient
Certainly" replied the physician.
Why not:'
Il thought maybe I'd better call in
4 handwriting expert."-Washington
Star.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-03-01
Fame.

Fame is easily acquired. All you
have to do is to be in the right place
ut the right time and do the right
thing i'm the right way-and then ad.
vertise 1t properly.-Puck.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-03-01
Ennui.

TOmmy-Pop. what IS ennui? Tom
my's POp-Ennui. my son, is a disease
that attacks the people who are SO
lazy that they get tired Of resting
Philadelphia Record.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-03-01
Saintlinsss Unpopular.

That state Of mind which let us call
the ignominy Of the virtuOus is not
entirely confined to boys Of nine
years. I have seen grown men and
women, being accused of saintliness.
over whose faces passed an expression
o: modification. They would accept
with more complacency the tribute
that they were getting to be devils in
their old age.-Atlantic.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-03-01
She Knew Her Dad.

Smithers-DO you know any one who
has n horse to sell: She-YeS; srS-
pect old Brown has. Smithcrs-Why? ?
She-Well. papa sold him one ycster-
day.-LOndOn Punch.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-03-01

Defending Counsel Ito witness i'm
bandlgcS'--\rc you married? Wit
ncSs-NO: ! was Knocked DOWN by n
calast week.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-03-01
Reeiproeity.

There is one word which may serve
as a rule of practice for all ones life
that word is reciprocity. What you do
not wish done to yourself do not do
to otherS.-COnfucius.
The Columbus journal. (Columbus, Neb.) 1874-1911, 1911-03-01

What Is experience? A poor little
hut constructed from the ruins OF the
palace Of gold and marble called our
illusions
The Detroit times., 1911-03-28
tOUT OF THE AID.
COLUMNS A FEW DAYS

wisner, were gathered in he net
The thing dollar the
gulbe
that made them made about this wildcat
Flsrng million amute
told the ground when
OF months title had been
clear the shaps end the other is
mighty construction OF
the conservation
big things accomplished will be by the federal
government Is conservation OF the
Wisne extended
The outfits OF the products of big mining boom
swept
certificates the that out by them
considered official them the
fire whenever OF other material
This is The list as reported by the inspectors T
manned famous after
values Little Bader Mining CO.. Sycamore OIL CO.. Valencia Copper
Gold Mines Limited California New OIL Consolidated Cali
Diamond OIL
on Co
certificates
and already definitely write them OF
widely
Detroit around
The Wsner both Francisco
although confined the York
the getting the ome
organization.
blind pool OF called and
supposed
the Sheldon
dividends his rs so
This caught shoals They fell
Sheldon their
the Sheldon
bold that his books anybody
left his flock OF heared lambs wondering how they could have been
foolish He another good to have out OF the
This constant vigilance on the Part OF the authorities mighty
with the advertising fakrs
swindle you out of your money