davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-29

more than three hours before sunrise IT
now shines out no less brill antly in the
morning than a few weeks ago 1t was
seen to shine in the evening sky. In the
telescope ii will be seen to change from
a crescent shape to a half circle during
this month.
Mars and Saturn are high up from the
ground in the southeast, in excellent po-
sition for observation. The strikingly
bright red planet IS moving westward
through Taurus, and the more distant
Saturn is moving far more slowly west
ward near the eastern border of Aries.
The former planet attains it's nearest dis
lance to US November II, at T. am. at
which time it is but 100000 of miles
away. 1t will not. however, arrive at the
point Of the celestial sphere exactly OPP
poste the sun and so be due south at
midnight until November "A. Throughout
this month both Mars and Saturn will be
in the most favorable position for OBJ
servation of the entire year.
Jupiter, which has been drawing so
near the sun that 1t has not been sble
for several weeks. will finally pass behind
that body and enter the morning sky No
vember IS. 1t cannot. therefore, be OBJ
served during this month.
Uranus Is very low In the southwest at
the position shown in figure 1. Neptune
is In the constellation Gemini, nearly in
a line with the two TWIN stars. but be-
yond the borders of our chart and too
low down to be easily found in the tele-
scope before midnight
There are no less than three rather
bright comets which have recently drawn
near our sun and are now not far from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-29
A Disappointing Crop.
the Youths Conlnanion.

From the Youth Companion.
They had both been born and lived their
respective twenty-odd years in the city.
but when they set up housekeeping they
decided 10 live in the suburbs. And ~
course once settled in their Little hou ia
the midst of a small yard nothing would
do but they must have gard n.
They furnished a LOT OF amusement for
their neighbors. but 10 them il was all
very serious and wonderful. and they
were almost speechless with delight over
the first radishes. As time went on. how
ever, their ardor cooled. Their lettuce
would not head, cir onion Seecs pro-
duced unbelievably tiny onions, their
neishbor's rabbits ate all the peas.
The bride was telling this tale of woe
to a sympathetic caller
But your tornatoes?" questioned tie
visitor They are so easy 10 raise. sure
w YOU had good luck with them
They were the worst disapI ointment OF
ALL" walled the bride. " II know 1 ere
are two kinds of tomatoes, and Ne
thought we were planting the red kind,
and now those horrid old tomato bushes
are Just covered with the green Ones.
which we don't want at all. as We never
eat pickles"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-29

places and ursightly spots about the
home and the city
Advantages of the individual over lie
common school garden are pointed out,
that in the former there is the feeling
of individual ownership" that IL is mot
abandoned during vacation and that
the children are lat near home while
doing the work DIR. ClaNton believes
there are enough vacant lots and back
yards, not only in the small ia ctory
towns Of the country. which he is particu-
larry anxious To reach. but even IN az
cities like Washington to warrant tho
work. In speaking of this he referred 10
the fact that the city superintendent of
schools in Minneapolis said in latest
report: There is enough available land
in Minneapolis to furnish vegetables for a
large part of the city.
Il firmly bel eve in the individual form
of school gard n ng. said Or ClaNton.
both for its benefits 10 the child, To the
parent and to society in general: ard |
will do all | can TO further the idea al
over the country.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-29

near the sun that it could only be seen
with difficulty. This was first seen IN
the northeastern sky about two hours be-
fore sunrise a very little way to the east
of the bright star Regulus. During DC
tober ii passed east of the sun a ross the
consultations Leo and Virgo. During
November il will move south across Libra
and throughout the entire length of Scor-
pic, reaching pc mt ~ degrees below
the equator by the end of the month
Thus while it may be detected toward
the beginning of the month very low
down in the twilight glow in the south
west, just after sunset. il will always be
too near the sun to be Well seen. AS
long ii remains in our northern SKY
il will be fully a whole magnitude bright
er than Brooks comet, but Il will only be
found with difficulty account of its
proximity to the sun
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-29
Long Voyages Of Bottles.

ocean streams have a powerful effect or
the course of storms after they leave the
mainland of North America. The knoWl-
edge of the direction of these currents
gives an insight into the general track
of these storms. The mariner therefore
has gained mu h from the tale told by
the little voyagers, because all of the
great ocean-sailing routes which, for the
past score of years have been followed by
both steamers and sailing vessels alike
were mapped out with the aid of the da a
secured by this means.
In 1876 the voyage of the United
States ship Challenger showed that there
are two kinds of ocean currents, perma-
nent and semi-permanent. BY the use OF
specially constructed apparatus it was
discovered that the permanent currents
possessed a dr. IT or movement far below
the surface. while the temporaryso urr nts
affected the surface waters only. This is
shown decidedly in the movement of the
bottles. The bottles following a regular
stream or permanent current, will move
nearly twice as fast as those traversing
a semi-permanent current.
There are twenty seven permanent cur
rents in the oceans of the world, and
there are nearly as many more # the
semi-permanent variety existing ( one
time. Several causes tend to orig nate
and manta these drifts. Uniformly
directed winds have the greatest infiu-
en- e, and differences OF temperatures.
storms. polar ice and eddies each have
OF semi permanent variety.
When a bottle is thrown overheard in
midocean it IS not always possible
therefore, to forecast its landing place
unless it be launched in the midst Of the
great currents, such as the gulf stream.
A semi-permanent current formed on the
edge of the main current by either of the
above causes may grip it and VII RI it off
to some distant part of the ocean, where 1t
may drift into another and entirely diff
ferent part of the ocean. About 200 bot
tie papers annually reach the hydro
graphic office in Washington. On lib
era. estimate this means that about 40
per cent of those thrown overheard are
recovered. They come from al parts of
the world, written in many different Ian
guag 5. The greatest number come from
the Brit sh Isles, where, directed by the
gulf stream, they land upon the west
shores OF Ireland and Scotland. Some
dr.ft on to the North sea and land III
Norway and Scandinavia, and others are
caught by the current which sweeps
down the west coast of Europe, landing
on the shores of France, Spain and the
Azores. \ great number are also found
on the shores of the Gulf of Mexico,
where great efforts have been made to
exactly determine the rate of now of
tropical currents.
There are three causes VIII Oh tend to
produce an element of uncertainty IN the
tale told by these bottles of the ratio Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-29

vacant region between this and Pisces
was the Fox's Kennel.
We recently had the pleasure of seeing
a very near 'proach of the bright plan
cts Saturn and Mars. \ far more beau
tiful sight must have been that which oc-
CURED in February, 2449 3. c.. when. ac-
cording to Chinese re ords, no less than
four planets were here in conjunct on
Mercury, Mars. Jupiter and Saturn pass
ing one another in the constellation Pisces
No less than three conjunctions of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-29
The VACANT LOT before JOHN AND AUD1E
Nc KENzIE Put IT UNDER cUL TIVAT1oN

thrift and economy, and especially self
help. il will develop them into useful
and highly moral Amer can citizens. And.
Ike the leaven in the lump. the in
fiuence VII be contagious and spread to
the farthest confines of the country.
DR. CLAYTON. himself a southerner,
having come here as United States COM
miss oner of education from the Uni
versity of Tennessee. has had conducted
some experiments along the line OF his
school farming at Memphis, Tenn. These
have proved SO successful that he Is
now preparing to spread his idea as far
rs possible all over the United States,
and especially throughout the south.
The experiment in Memphis shows,
sa DR.. Claxton that one little girl.
only twelve years old raised on small
fifteen hundred dollars worth per acre
Others did exceedingly well.
Early last autumn the commissioner
suggested to DR.. Lillian w. Johnson, an
instructor in the Memphis high school.
that she experiment in this new fo~m of
individual gardening School garden ng
elsewhere and previously had been not
for profit. but for nature study and
purely educational purposes.
Let US See" sad Or. ClaNton. If we
cannot make something practical of
this. something that will enable poor peo-
pie to keep their boys and girls in
school.
So Miss Johnson set to work on this
movement to bring about economic bet
terment of the family through the in
dividual effort of the pupil" She decided
to commence the work at the Riverside
school The Department of Agriculture,
when appealed to- co-operated 10y sending
O. NJ Watson from Ridge Spring, 5. c.,
to act as agent in charge of the home
garden work. He went to Memphis last
February.
A garden club was organized in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-29

TIVE officer of vessel who, while at
sea. steps to the rail and hurls
well corked bottle overheard. in
which there IS a slip of paper. is not bent
on a romantic venture. Instead OF re-
quest for letter of acknowledgment and
possibly an acquaintance from the sea-
side maiden who might find 1t, perhaps a
year later. that slip of paper contains the
name of the vessel and its master. the
date and the latitude and longitude at
which the bottle began its voyage Below
this there are blank spaces for the name
of the finder, the date, locality and the
post office address.
At the bottom of the slip, printed in
eight different languages, are these in
structionS: THE finder of this will please
send it to any United States consul or
forward it direct to the photographic Of
flee. Washington. d. c.
The whole operation represents a little
step in great task upon which work has
uninterruptedly gone forward for the past
thirty years. 1t is one means of deter
mining the direction and movement OF
the great as well as the smaller currents
of the ocean. and it will perhaps be due
to the continual varying Of the latter
currents that this task may never be
ended.
X x
There has been knowledge Of the
existence of ocean currents since ships
began to traverse the oceans. but until the
early seventies it was limited. Mariners
knew that on the west coast OF Europe
there was a force which tended to carry
them southwark and that on the east
coast of North America a similar force
which carried them northward. but they
knew neither the true set or direction
nor the drift or rate Of flow.
II was the object to determine the di-
rection and rate of flow in originating
this system of bottle voyages, and VII lie
each bottle is but little step toward
great end those little steps have 50 ar
Succeeded in esta blishing beyond question
th. true direction and speed or the great
currents of the FIVE oceans.
The advantage of such knowledge Is not
limited to the mere use OF the direct on
and velocity of the can currents. The
maritime world does, in fact, DEFEND
mostly on tn knowledge in laying the
courses of its vessels from and to the
great ports Of the world For instance.
vessels leaving New York will follow the
gulf stream on its great curve northe asst
ward across the Atlantic to Europe. and
thus gain the advantage OF its six-knot AN
hour flow, while those ships returning
from the other side will lay course
much farther to the south to escape the
retarding effect of the same stream
1t has been found also that these great
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-29

various grades Of the Riverside school.
Membership was voluntary Regular in
Struction was to be given by the agent,
part OF whose duties was to visit the In
dividual gardens. Regular weekly In
struction was given at the school. where
there was a model garden. to the club as
a whole In order to be member of the
club each oh Id was required to have a
garden of his own. Furthermore his
work therein was to continue throughout
the year. not as in the ordinary school
garden only part of the time school
IS in session. Autumn and winter garden
ing was to succeed that of spring and
summer. One hundred and twenty-six
children started n. and when the first
exhibit of garden products was made in
June last, twentythree gardens were
represented.
The interest among the children has
steadily grown. and their work on the
whole has been very satisfactory" says
Mr.. Watson in a report he made several
days ago to DIR. Claxton. Elsa Meister,
twelve years old, who received first prize
at the exhibit. sold from a little patch
"a by 36 feet in size. which is only one
tiftieth of an acre, $3.50 worth of vege-
tables. As her expense was $780, this
would make her garden worth $1.47O per
acre On larger tract, which could not
be cultivated so intensively, the profits
could not be large.
But DR.. Claxton pointed out that some
of the children who work in cotton mills
and other places get often only 81 or so
a week. so that on small fraction of
an acre he sa d, they could earn by
few hours daily work more than they
earn elsewhere"
little brother and sister. John Nc
Kenzie aged eleven, and AudIe. aged
thirteen, took tin-can-strewn, barren
lot and reaped from 1t vegetables enough
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-29
Why Some Business Women Fail.

From the Millinery Trade Review
The why's and wherefores of some
young milliners not succeeding in busi-
ness are told in the following story. A
young woman who recently started IN
business made a sale of two hats one day.
and boosted 20 her friends that she had
made $40 that day. "How's that" asked
her old father. who put up the money for
her to start why" she replied, Il sold
two hats at SO a hat: isn't that making
500" she asked. We'll, my dear, began
her "pater," were the goods given 10
YOU from which you made or trimmed
the hats? Do you not pay rent for your
shop? Don't you pay your little helper
any wages? Don't you charge for your
own time in trimming your hats? Does
the gas man say thank you for using his
gas? When you come to figure up the
cost of production continued her prac-
teal parent. there is not much OF that
So that you can call yours. The little
milliner never thought of that There are
others who do Just little thinking and
they are not all little miliners. Ii W.
counted the cost of every transaction be
fore We began to spend what we receive
there would be more for our creditors a.
well as for ourselves, and we would 90
nearer to success.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-29

FIG. 3-REMARkABLE STREAMS
OF APPARENTLY DARK NEBULOCS
NATTER IN THE SKY, WHICH SEEM
TO BE HIDING THE MORE DISTANT
STARS FROM vIEW.-From a delicate
photograph plate which was exposed
four hours to the sky.
the earth The first of these is the bright
comet Brooks, which was so conspi cuous
in the northwest during the first week of
October but which has now passed far
below the equator. and will hence never
be seen by US again. 1t Is still visible to
those so situated on the earth that they
can view the southern sky.
The second omet. unlike either of the
two others. remains in the evening sky
throughout October and the first part of
November, but unfortunately, it will al
ways be faint, and can only be seen In a
moderately large telescope. When first
found, on the evening of September %.
it was about midway between he point
ara of the Great Dipper and Polaris: 1t
was then but little brighter than star
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-29

of the eighth magnitude. During Octo-
Der it moved southwark and eastward al
most parallel to the Great Dipper, but al
ways about ten degrees above it, reach
ing by November l point II degrees
due east of Arcturus.
Throughout all of this time 1t was quite
high in the northwest in the early even
ing. but 1t was very faint. During No
vember it will move almost exactly south
through Bootes. Serpens and Libra, thus
dra wing near to the part of the sky in
which the third comet is to be found.
Toward the end of the month 1t passes
the sun and enters the morning sky
The third comet was by far the bright
est and most interesting of ALL but I'M
fortunately it remained always so very
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-29

And finally, some readers may remember
that in the year 1881 Jupiter. Venus and
Saturn were again here close together
for many evenings. forming a most beau
tiful figure in the sky.
The faint star groups lying to the south
east of Andromeda and Pegasus are prob
ably as little known to most observers as
any region of the sky, but careful ex-
ploration with small telescope will show
that here, as elsewhere, there are to be
found a great number of beautiful and
interesting objects. Having ira ed out
the faint triangle. the observer will read
lily detect that the star d Is a beautiful
triple. while at E there Is a far fainter
and more difficult pair that is one Of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-29

tsa9.c poo children to attend school.
Ills plan, hc believes. will allow thou
sands az children Who now work in fac
tories for a pittance 70 secure an educa-
ton. Incidentaliy-a tie commissioner
las mach stress. also on this part of
hi~ sg' cme-it will he of moral benefit
no. only 10 the Oh ldren but 10 the com
nun IL - a whole
Ttuiariyeiy. DR. Claxtons plan has been
tried in one Of the IN cities where
its first results have given promise of
g eat future success. Briefly. the scheme
Is u have school children. working indi-
vi ally. each one for his own profit
raise ve etahIss in Their own back yards
AMI IN any vacant lots they can borrow
or Ii - In this way ~ small amount
Of work daily the children viii be able
- earn more than they could get in
factory 81 in any othe. way.
And | have proof to show that this can
be done said DR.. Claxton yesterday. in
discussing the subject Il had the south
part cularly in mind when the idea came
TO me In many of the small towns OF
the south, and even in most Of the larger
ones, there is plenty of land and lots wing
idle, filled probably with nothing but
empty tin cans. where the owner would
he perfectly willing 10 let some school
child ill it with tomatoes and salad greens
and beans.
Not only W II this plan give thousands
OF factory and other poor oh ldren the
opportunity 10 get an educat on. but 1T
VIII also teach industry and cleanliness to
the who community II II be the
means Of starting many a lazy citizen to
planting Little garGen of his own and
10 tidying up his front yard Further
more. II viii bring about a common in
terest between the parents and Oh ldren
In the school work of the latter. because
the parents see something Of the pract.-
cal benefit the school confers upon them.
by training the children in habits of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-29

a. the bright winter groups make their
appearance and begin their steady. up
ward march. one after another. The mag
nifieent Taurus is now high up from the
ground and covers a large part or the
eastern heavens while below this the al
most equally brilliant Gemni and Orion
have almost wholly entered the evening
sky Next month the bright Dog stars
will appear. and by January We VIII
see Leo. the last Of the train of winter
groups Then orion and the Bull will
shine out high up in the cold, clear "
exactly in the south. and the yellow Ca
pella will have reached a point of the
heavens almost exactly overhead.
II we turn toward the south, We see
the Great square Of Pegasus, with the
large group Andromeda above and the al
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-29

At the point NJ in figure 1, nearly mid
way between the stars II and L, there is
a remarkable nebula. whose extent Is as
great as the distance across the full
moon This is far fainter than the won
derful nebula Of Andromeda at c. and in
any but the largest telescopes Is dis
appointing object In these. however.
1t is seen TO be an astonishing arrange
ment of nuclei and spiralS forming one
OF the most interesting objects OF tn 5
kind in the sky. Its faintness may be
caused by its great distance from US. or
il may be due to the ia that this snor-
nous cloud Is not intrinscaEy bright.
For one of the most interesting results
recently derived from careful study OF
nebulas is the ind cation that at least
some Of them contain much opaque mat
ter which bots out the light of the more
distant stars in front of which they lie.
Below the Triangle is Aries. whose
brightest star, at X, is sun IN very
nearly the same condition as our own.
and which is ap; reaching US with peed
of nine miles second. NO less than ght
of the early Greek temples were oriented
to this star.
The reader doubtless knows that our
sun seems TO pass continually around
the sky among the stars each year along
the path AVB. In the springt me 1t
crosses the equator at V, and then the
life of new year begins to revive on
the earth. But this po nj Is forever
backing steadily along the path BA to-
ward the west In the year 1000 b. c. 1t
was in Taurus. while by 42o A D. II had
passed entirely through Aries and en-
tered Pisces, within which constellat on
il is still to be found AS the stars were
so often compared with fiocks, 1t is not
surprising that the name of the Ram was
given 10 the group which led all the rest
for so many enturieS.
Mercury passed into the evening sky
October %, but as 1t does not reach its
greatest stance east of the sun until
December il can hardly be detected dur
ing this month.
Venus is drawing rapidly outward from
the sun into the morning sky. and No
vember % it will reach its greatest dis
lance west, on which date 1t will rise
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-29

Jupiter and Saturn again here took place
in a single year. one of which for long
time was believed TO he identical with
the star in the east mentioned n the
second chapter of Matthew. an den tifica-
ton now known to be erroneous.
Again, when 1t was known that a con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-29

junction of three planets was to occur in
this watery sign in the year 1922. the
prediction was made that our wor d would
then be destroyed by a second deluge
This prediction caused great consterna-
tion in that day-a ConSternat on wholly
groundless. for IL happened that that par
ticular season was an unusually dry one.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1911-10-29

HOOL gardening
IS about 10 as
u1c a new phase
II IS TO take on an
importance never
dreamed of until
lr. Philander =
tlaNten. United
States commission
of education
Gently conceived
ne idea OF making
i; a means t.