davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1911-04-30

In the case of shipwreck or collision at
sea the general rule Of the big steamship
lines has been that the captain who Is at
fault not only loses his place in the serv-
ice, but frequently has his certificate
suspended by the licensing authorities.
This is one reason why captains prefer
New York Times.
A few companies. the North German
Lloyd among them. are lenient. giving
commanders and other officers another
chance IL their previous record is good
and IL the ship does not become a total
loss On the other hand, the White Star
Line and others have a hard and fast
rule that commanders who lose their
vessels or are in a collision that costs
the company big sum of money are to
be dismissed.
Capt. Inman Sealby, who commanded
the Republic when she sunk after a COL
lision with The Italian liner Florida on
January q. 1900. although no blame was
attached to him for faulty navigation or
seamanship in handling his vessel. was
dismissed from the service. and Is now
studying admiralty law at the University
of Michigan. All his sea career had been
with the White Star Line. and he had
been sixteen years in command in the
China. Australian. and Mediterranean
trades.
Capt. E. Prehr. of the North German
Lloyd liner Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm.
backing out of his pier at Hoboken last
September, went two-thirds of the way
across the river and collided with the
outbound French liner Lorraine, smash
ing in her bows and doing considerable
damage to her plates. He Is still in COM
nand Of his vessel. which is evidence
that the directors considered he was not
to blame.
Case of Hard Luck.
Capt Sidney Leyland. in command Of
the Atlantic Transport liner Minnehaha
when she struck on the Sicily Islands
two years ago. and was afterward got
of and repaired. had his certificate sus-
pended by the British board of trade for
three months and was dismissed from
the service. He had previously grounded
the company's liner in Minnetonka at
the mouth Of the Thames. but without
damaging the hull OF the vessel. She
was the commodore ship. and as dis
ciplinary measure Capt. Leyland was put
in command OF the Minnehaha. He is
now in charge Of a number of dredges
for the Panama Canal Commission at
CristobaI. after failing to get another
sea command when his three months
suspension expired
Steamship companies look askance at
the mariner vino loses his ship in these
days. but forty or fifty years ago. when
there was no official load line and coffin
ships eft port frequently never to return.
The Washington herald., 1911-04-30
HOW CHARLES F. JOHNSON BROKE ANCIENT
REPUBLICAN HAMMERLOCK ON MAINE STA TIE

like William De Witt Hyde. president OF
Bowdo!n College. to search the world
and give US the very best scheme Of liq.
uor regulation.
II was born in the village OF Wins
low. on the Kennebec River. opposite
the city Of Waterville." Senator johnson
said. in talking of his boyhood. MY
father was a harnessmaker. Although
my mother died when ! was five years
old. he never remarked. He was a
studious and intelligent man. have
never known any one who had a more
accurate knowledge Of history. While
a young mechanic with small earnings,
he bought the poems Of Byron. Addison.
and Pope. Plutarch's Lives" Gibbon s
Rome" Hallam's Middle Ages" and
Hume's England" all bound in calf.
Two books were always on his bench
the Bible and Dicks Astronomy. He
made no pretense of being religious him.
self. but he studied the Bible daily and
sent my sister and me to Sunday school
and church. Sunday was solemn day
in our house. In the afternoon 1 read
Plutarch's Lives"
''The means for getting an education
at Winslow were limited and crude, and
my father taught me whether went to
school or stayed at home-not irregular
ly. but constantly-hearing my lessons
every morning before he went to his
shop. Naturally. I picked up harness
making. and at the age of twelve could
sew leather almost as strongly and neat
ly as could a man. About that time ]
was sent to the Waterville Classical In
stitute. which was locally known as DR..
Hanson's school. The doctor was an
old-fashioned teacher. emphasizing Greek
and Latin, and using textbooks Of his
own composition"
When did you decide to get a college
education?''
MY father and DIR. Hanson decided
the matter for me. entered Colby Col
lege, In Waterville. at the age Of six
teen. and remained two years. My
father had nothing but what he earned
In his shop. and when I was eighteen /
thought I was old enough to help my
self After teaching school for a year
along the coast back Of Bar Harbor, I
entered Bowdoin College. at Brunswick.
Me. At my graduation I was in debt I
had clerked at a summer hotel, and
there I returned. Then ] taught school
Deciding to read law. I went to Boston
and clerked for a year in the Office of a
railroad, expecting to attend lectures at
night. Returning to Maine. ! was a
pedasoBue lot seven years. i also read
law and got married"
What were your circumstances when
you began practice in Waterville?'
"Oh, I was comfortable. had paid
my college debts. had a small collection
of law books. and a couple hundred Of
dollars. s. s. Brown took me into part
rership. but as my share OF the fees was
small, my income was not very large.
Then Mr.. Webb. representing the Maine
Central Railroad. offered me an interest
In his business. His health was bad. his
business was large. and I jumped at the
chance. Afterward I became attorney
for pulp. paper, cotton. and wooIen mills
have been charged with being the pres
ident Of a railroad. The nearest I have
come to that dignity was my appoint
ment as the receiver Of a bankrupt troll
ley line"
Copyright 1911 by James B. Morruw)
The Washington herald., 1911-04-30

that county is Portland. our largest and
greatest commercial city. The sheriff was
a man Of integrity and the brewers could
not buy him up. Knowing the sentiment
Of the public. he told the saloonkeepers
that they could continue In business. but
that they should not sell on Sundays or
holidays, or after 10 o'clock at night.
The Democratic State platform declared
that the liquor amendment to the consti-
tuition should be executed or voted out.
The sheriff disregarded his party and
the law and established a platform and a
constitution of his own which was regula-
ton. told him he would be beaten when
he ran the next time.
why he said. I've shown preachers
and members of the Woman's Christian
Temperance Union over the town, and
they say conditions in Portland are bet
ter now than when I came into office
The Washington herald., 1911-04-30

The fly has been called the National
Insect II has become Of such evil re-
pute that within the last ten years prac-
tically every health board in the country
has been compelled to take official notice
OF It's dangerous activities. Florida and
Maine, Washington and Texas have alike
suffered from its depredations. They
have suffered during all the years of their
existence. but 1t is only within the last
ten or twelve years that the doinRs of
the fly have become a part of their an
nual board Of health reports 1t has been
proven over and over again that a large
percentage Of our sickness Is fy-borne.
and finally the States are ready to take
general action against the most common
of pests.
Modern investigations in the field of
germ life and bacteriology did a great
deal to clear up the doubtful points and
make plain the mysteries Of the origin
and transmission of disease. The fly
was one Of the first Of the disease-bear-
ing insects to be investigated Then the
real danger that lurxs in the hairy feet
and the gauzy wings began to be appre-
ciated. 1t was found that the fly does
not convey the germs directly into the
blood Of the victim by biting, as the
mosquito bites. but that he carries mil
prowling in tie grocers' stalls and alight-
Ing on the milk bottles. In the course
OF very short time these germs find
their way into the blood and the vital
organs Of the victim.
There never was an insect better
eeslipped to spread disease than the
housefy. Look at him under a fairly
powerful glass and you can see that his
body, his legs, and even his wings are
covered with fine. hairy projections that
will hold all manner of filth. When a fly
30 much as walks across q slide covered
with. pure culture Of gelatin and beef ex-
tract, little colonies Of germs spring up
wherever his feet have touched. They
fairly drop from his wings as he moves
across the plate. All manner Of the COM
moner germ are found in these little
colonies.
One neighborhood by cleaning itself up
may break some Of the force Of the ny
attack. but unless there II q general ef-
fort all over Q city much Of the good
effect win be lost. The board OF health
inspectors win be able to do something.
but the war on the hy will depend for
TIE most part upon the housewife. II
she wishes to help wipe out most deadly
nuisance she cannot begin her efforts
too early. Destroy the breeding places.
screen the windows. and zee that the al
weeks the ny win all but disappear from
reforms are well under way the ny will
cease to eat the same table and from
tho same dish: II win cease to drink from
the same cup and enjoy the same delica-
cits - III ensmies among the human
20
The Washington herald., 1911-04-30

That sheriff was reelected. The busi-
ness interests. said that he was a man of
tact To me. sucL connivance with law
breaking is intolerable. Gov. Glenn. of
South Carolina. visited Maine to investi-
gate our educational institutions. He is a
Christian man and the teacher of the
largest Bible class In Raleigh, the State
capital. He witnessed our violations of
the liquor law and expressed his amaze
ment in my presence. saying that no such
shameless conduct would be permitted
anywhere in the South. Liquor will be
drunk. I believe in controlling its sale
and manufacture. Next September We
are to vote again on Statewide prohibi-
tion. are to ascertain II the present con-
stitutional amendment Is to remain a part
Of the organic law of the Commonwealth
When prohibition fails. as 1 think 1t will.
want a commission composed OF men
The Washington herald., 1911-04-30

It has been but few years since the
common little house fly was looked upon
as a friend. The dirty fly, the filthy fy,
the typhoid fly" was looked upon as a
scavenger- that could not be excelled.
The fact that he was q general annoy
|ance and an unbearable nuisance in hot
weather was generally ignored because
of the fact that he was supposed to clean
up the alleys and the alley filth and save
many lives in. every community every
year. We-caught Musca Domestica and
his brethren in clumsy fly traps and
tangled their fuzzy feet in sticky fly
paper, but there was no concerted effort
to exterminate him. Such . thing was
unheard of.
Now. the common house fly has no
friends. There Is not q State In the
Union. not city Of any State, or q
neighborhood in any city. that is falling
to make some sort Of q war upon the n.y.
He is an outcast and Is looked upon as a
winged murderer. Statistics have been
gathered by doctors. scientists, and ento-
mologists in the last ten years that make
II certain that the fly Is q disseminator
OF disease. q troublesome and loathsome
enemy Of mankind, and more to be feared
than the mad dog roaming city street
or a rattlesnake hiding along a grassy
pathway. =
All winter long the scientists and health
onlcials have been planning a nationwide
attack against the ny. II Ii to be a war
that will approach determination as
nearly as possible. Every town and city,
every hamlet and little village, IL to be
told OF the dangers that lurk in the in
sidious and ever-present ny. Files are
born In filth. they breed In NTH, and they
carry Nth on their gauzy wings, and
filth and disease are almost synonymous
in modern medicine. The government IL
issuing bulletins from the Bureau Of
Entomology and these are to be backed
up and re-enforced by local and State
bulletins and statemepts made by thou
sands Of boards Of health and medical
The nsht d. headed by Dr. L. o. How
ard. Chief sof the Bureau Of Entbmology
Of the United states. Practically every
State In the Suhion will assist through
their 8tate health Organisations, and
while no one. expects that the desth ssete
from ny-borna disease viii b cut dewn
entirely. II u expected that there Wtll
BE- fewer graves filled By Victims Of
typhoid fever. intestinal 1lssassa end
tuberculosis.
The Washington herald., 1911-04-30
SOUND DEPTH OF
ALL The OCEANS
Surveyors Find Deepest
Spots in Pacific.

The ocean has been sounded in nearly
all directions with modern appliances and
these soundings show that the floor OF
the ocean consists Of vast undulating
plains lying at an average depth OF,
about two and a half miles beneath tho
surface Of the waves. In some places
huge ridges and cones rise from these
submerged plains to within q few hun
dred fathoms Of the sea surface, or they
may rise above the surface as volcanioI
islands and coral atolls.
The greatest depth hitherto recorded
is in the Challenger (or Nero) Deep in
the North Pacihc-5.asS fathoms. II,
Mount Everest were placed in this deep
2 800 feet Of water would roll over the
peak of this, the highest mountain In the
world.
The greatest depth in the Atlantic II
in the Mares Deep. between the West
Indies and Bermuda-,662 fathoms. The
greatest depth in the Indian ocean is
8 SIS fathoms, in the Wharton Deep. be-
tween Christmas island and the coast Of
Java We now know fifty-six Of these
deeps where the depth exceeds three
miles, ten areas where the
depth exceeds four miles, and four places
where II exceeds five miles.
The sea Is safest where strong winds
blow across the surface. as. for instance,
in the trade wind regions and In the
Mediterranean and the Red Sea. It Is
less salt. says Harper's Magazine, toward
the poles and in the deeper layers Of the
ocean. It has long been known that the
very salt water Of the Mediterranean
flows as an undercurrent outward
through the Strait Of Gibralter and thus
affects the salinity Of the deeper waters
of the Atlantic over q wide area.
Although the amount Of salt in sea
water varies. the composition of sea salts
remains very constant. Slight differences
have. however. been noticed along the
coasts, In the polar regions.
and in the water In direct contact with
deep-sea deposits.
The temperature Of ocean water varies
at the surface from y degrees Fahren-
heit at the poles to over 90 degrees Fab.
renheit In the tropics. Tho cold water
toward the poles has an annual vsria-
lion Of less than 10 degrees at any one
spot and the warm weater Of the tropics
also has IN annual variation Of lees than
10 degrees Fahrenheit In q hand that
nearly encircles the earth. This u the
region Of coral reefs and atolls. Between
these regions Of small annual vaxiations
there are two bands surrounding the
earth where the annual variation %
greater, and may exceed in certain re-
gioAs - degrees Kahrenheit at any oao
spot
The Washington herald., 1911-04-30
HOW TO FIGHT
THE TYPHOID FLY"

Keep all flies away from the
sick room.
Destroy all decayinE material
on the premises.
Burn all refuse, old bedding,
paper. straw, and waste material.
Screen all food, whether In the
house or exposed for sale.
Keep all garbage receptacles
tightly covered.
Keep all stable refuse spriu-
kled with lime or crude oil.
Screen all doors and windows.
Pour oil into your drains.
Wherever there are files there
II hlth. when you see one, look
for the other.
The Washington herald., 1911-04-30
WHAT THE FLY DOES.

Brings about an economic loss
Of $3.50, ZOO, 900 annually from ty-
phOid.
Helps MI Thousands Of con-
sumptives' graves.
Spread Asiatic cholera.
Diaseminates intestinal diseases.
Carries the bacllli Of certain
dangerous eye diseases.
Contaminates milk, vegetables,
meats, and other foods.
Carries about On its wings any
where from $50 to 6,00O, 900 bac-
terra.
The Washington herald., 1911-04-30

Printed muaical notsa vss arse ussG
4 E= - %=z -
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1911-04-12
CYNTHIA GREY'S COLUMN Is OPEN TO
EVERY READER OF THE TIMES; IF YOU
ARE IN TROUBLE TELL HER ABOUT 1T
FASHIONS

The new polo coats are made
with a shawl collar and belt
which goes only across the back.
The feather toque is happy
medium between the summer hat
and the fur toque Of winter.
Striped velvet and satin ribbon
is seen in many combinations be-
sides black and white. The white
satin stripe is always there, but
the velvet stripe comes In vivid
green, brown, red and purple.
Beaded waistings promise great
success for the coming season.
They were novelties last summer.
While many French hats have
small flowers as trimming, the big
hats go to the other extreme and
show riot of most wonderful huge
roses in exquisite shades and look
ing as though they had been flung
on the hat haphazard.
Flat little pump bows Of Irish
lace against tiny wings of plated
hemstitched linen are among the
small bits. of neckwear, and small
bows of black velvet or black satin
still head jabots.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1911-04-12
PAGE OF NEWS THAT WILL INTEREST
EVERY MEMBER OF THE FAMILY, YOUNG
AND OLD; EXCELLENT FEATURES FOR ALL
Neighbors, We Ask You to
Plant a Tree Tomorrow

Neighbor, do you know that to-
morrow Is Arbor day, and don't
you want to do a little private
conservationing yourself?
or course you believe in conser-
vation. You know how the Amer
lean forests are diminishing
how rapidly this is becoming
treeless country. There ia no need
CT telling you that the thing to do
is to plant new trees and keep on
planting indefinitely.
We ask you, then, IL you won't
help make Tacoma a prettier city,
better city to live In by going
out into your yard tomorrow and
planting at least one tree. The
editor knows that he's been long
on writing conservation and
preaching tree planting, but con-
fesses that he's been pretty short
on practice. So tomorrow he's
going out to the back yard with
his trusty spade and make the
dirt fly some. The missus and the
kids are going to be in on the job
and Wen all be special proprie-
tors and nurses-in-chief of fine
young, growing tree the coming
summer.
Come on everybody. let's all
plant a tree!
Just here we ask you to read
what Clifford Pinchot, Americas
greatest forester, says about the
duty before all Americans today:
"a timber famine will touch
every man, woman and child; II
will affect the daily life of every
one OF us; and yet without con-
sideration. without forecast, and
without foresight, we have placed
ourselves not deliberately, but
thoughtlessly, in a position where
timber famine Is one of the in
evitable events of our near future.
1--WE must suffer because we
have carelessly wasted the forest,
this great fundamental condition
of success. II is impossible TO re-
pair the damage In time to es-
cape much suffering, although not
too late to work hard to reduce Ii
as much as we cam"
The trees on both sides show
what scientific tree planting can
accomplish. AS the trees get old
they are cut for timber and young
trees are started to take their
places. A forest treated thus will
last forever.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1911-04-12
COLORING EASTER EGGS

Look over each egg care
fully to see that 1t is not
cracked, or all work is wasted
then wash off with warm
water to remove soil.
Colored eggs can be made
any tint with special dyes, or
If these are unobtainable,
cheap ribbon can be boiled in
a little water aud the boiled
egg submerged in it until the
right tone Is acquired
The. old-fashioned calico
egg will be pleasing to this
generation of youngsters. Tie
each egg in a piece of cheap
figured chintz of high color
and it will leave It's design
on the egg when put in toil-
ing water.
If you have nothing else for
coloring, boil the egg after
tying up in the red skins of
onions.
Quaint designs can be boiled
into the egg by tracing fig
ures on the shell of the raw
egg with a hard tallow candle
to make a white surface, then
color the rest of the egg in
dyed water.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1911-04-12
SONG OF THE FOREST
Official Hymn of the American Forestry Association
w. III. VENARIE

A song for the palm-the pine,
And for every tree that grows,
From the desolate zone OF
SHOWS
To the zone of the burning line;
Hurrah! for the warders proud
OF the mountainside and the
vale,
That challenge the Thunderstorm
And buffet the stormy gale.
So long as the rivers flow.
So long as the mountains rise.
May the foliage drink of the
skies
And shelter the flowers below;
Hurrah! for the beautiful trees!
Hurrah! for the forest grand,
The pride of His centuries,
The Garden of Gods own hand.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1911-04-12
sT0DAY'S STORY ABOUT BIRDS
Nests With Cement and Stones

robin recbreast, a jolly good fell
low. and who does pretty good
work In cement, but is a
mighty poor engineer. He builds
his nest of a few twigs, lined en-
tirely with mortar made Of clay.
But he uses such little Judgment
in choosing places for his founda-
tions that a new nest is often
knocked to pieces by the first rain
that strikes 1t. And sometimes
his nest is so placed that it gets
topheavy when the baby birds be-
gin to get big and spills the
whole brood to the ground.
Swallows not only build beau
tiful houses of cement, but they
ARE careful to build where there
is no danger of rain striking
them. The cave swallows, which
built their nests in cliffs before
there were barns to furnish better
shelter, build regular villages of
nests, little gourd-shaped cells of
mud, placed in a row under the
caves of building. The barn
swallow builds its solitary nest
inside barn or other building,
up against a rafter. The bank
swallow isn't a mason. He is a
tunnel builder, like the king
fisher.
There are good many other
birds who dabble in cement work
the flamingo, for instance,
which builds regular chimney
of mud so that mother can sit
on her eggs standing up and thus
avoid getting her legs tangled.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1911-04-12
to the public IL HE were to walk
home with HER.

to the public IL HE were to walk
home with HER.
Dear Miss Grey: AS part pay
ment for the benefit l derive from
your column of the Times, ]
thought I would send you q few
odds and ends that l know are all
right.
To prevent cramps in the limbs:
Before arising take long. hard
lazy stretch" It prevents the
cords from contracting. !
sprinkle salt around plants to KEEP
cut worms away. Carry a piece
OF carbon in your pocket to keer
rheumatism away. Wheat cakes:
Dissolve " yeast cake in cup Of
water, pour into quart Of flour
add l cup sugar, l teaspoon salt;
mix thin with cold water. Sci
away SO hours. Save enough
dough for starter. adding salt ant
sugar each time you mix.-Olt
Bach.
Dear Miss Grey: % My neigh
Dor has his yard fenced in. blu
there's a large hole in the fence
l have fox terrier which some
times goes through that hole ant
chases my neighbours cat. VIII
you kindly tell me If | can be helt
liable in case my dog goes through
the fence, which abuts on tn,
street, and does any damage? (2j
Also whether could collect dam
ages IL the man should kill m,
dog on his property under thos,
circumstances?-A Reader.
A.-(D l think you would b,
held liable.
CD | think not.