The evening world., 1911-05-13
GREAT DIPLOMATIC BATTLE
THAT HELPED SAVE UNION
Anniversary of the Civil War
That Deals With Recogni-
ton of the Confederacy.
PHILIP X. DILLON.

May II. That was the date when the
English Cabinet met In secret and agreed
upon the declaration which was given
10 the public next day. The Atlantic
cable was not laid until 1866. and 30
President Lincoln and the American
newspaper had TO wait until the mail
from Europe arrived In ships 10 read
the proclamation. However, there had
been much discussion of the American
war in the British Parliament. and Mr.
Lincoln and his Secretary OF State. Mr..
Seward. had anticipated that England
would take this action.
so. during the week OF May II, MIR.
Seward was engaged In writing definite
instructions to all the Ministers and
Ambassador who represented the
United States IN Europe. The most
memorable OF these letters was the
one addressed to Charles Francis
Adams. the United States Minister to
England. This letter Is dated May q.
1861. and therefore all next week MAJ
be regarded as the fftle;h anniyer-
sary of the great diplomatic battle
etwee the United States and Euro
pean nations over the question as to
whether the Confederacy should he
treated as a separate and independent
nation by the nations of Europe.
Plans Of Southern Leaders.
Long before this the southern leaders
had carefully planned TO get the help
OF European nations. especially Eng
land. Books. pamphlets and newspaper
articles were circulated throughout
England by Confederate agents n by
Englishmen who sympathized with the
South, all attempting to prove that che
Southern States had a perfect right 20
secede. Also bitter articles against the
United states were printed In many
leading British newspapers tending to
arouse the people Of England against
President IAncoln's Administration.
1t was charged hat Americans OF
The North mad always hated England
and had helped the enemies OF England:
why. then, said these writer's. should
England support the Washington Coz
ernment? In one of the strongest III
these books. written by a Liverpool
Englishman. II was said:
The northern section of the Union IL
the natural competitor and self-ap'
pointed antagonist OF this country; tho
southern portion Is It's natural ally"
1t was indeed true that England
and the United States had not beer
very friendly at any time since the
Declaration OF Independence. The two
nations had been on the brink OF wal
half a dozen times, and now we car
admit that this was because OF the hot
headedness and obstinacy OF one a
much as the other.
There was another great reason VIII,
England was inclined to favor tn,
Confederacy. The largest single indus
try OF Great Britain was the manu-
facture OF cotton goods. British cottoi
mills depended upon raw cotton. whlcl
was grown IN the southern States an,
shlpped across the Atlantic. British
nerchants and mill owners had invests
an immense sum Of money In cottoi
plantations and machinery In tn
Southern States. and OF course the,
might lose all this II the Confederate,
lost In the war.
Most of the other nations OF Europ
detested the United States because thei
monarchs and officials hated free popu
lar government. They were glad to Sc
the United States breaking up. as the
thought-but they were also Jealous an
suspicious OF each other.
The people OF Italy were en- exception
The first parliament OF the New Kini
dom OF Italy had. three months befor'
assembled in the capital. Turin, an
there was peace and unity in the who
country after centuries OF strife and
glorious struggle for liberty again
tyrants.
Letter From oaribaldi.
The great Italian patriot Garibai
wrote a letter to a friend In Alban
y. Y, which was published In the A
bany Argus on April 30. 1861; 1t e
pressed the sentiment OF the people
Italy:
Genoa, April ?.
Mr.. Edwin Bull: II Is indeed pain
ful to my heart to observe that
while the Italians are using every
endeavor TO reunite themselves. the
Americans. hitherto united. are now
working equally hard to separate
Try to avoid II, Your great people
like those OF Rome. ought to under
stand hat Its mission is to form
one great family from the North e
the South. DO so. and you will b.
blessed both by men and God. Yours
@, GARIBALDI.
In March OF that year President Jeffs
son Davis had selected Messrs. Nanc
Mann and Rost. three able men. TO
to Europe az commissioner and I
10 get the European Governments 20 {
ficially recognize the southern COnfe
eracy as "A separate and Independent u
ton. There IL an immense difference
International Law and custom betwe
an armed rebellion and a war 2
tween independent nations. II the CO
federates could get recognition by I
great powers OF Europe. they Goa
carry on the war with much grea'
force, because they could then borrl
money openly, buy ships and arms. a
demand rights for prisoners of war. A
Il seemed at first as II these comm
sioners would wholly succeed.
on May I the Southern commission
were received by Lord John Russell.
British Minister for Foreign Affairs.
q long conference. They argued Def
him that the South was bound to
and II would DO to the great adVant,
,of England to bee ape their friend
once by recognizing The Confederacy
q ation
II Is now known that the Bri
ministers. at the time. did believe I
the South would be victorious In
struggle. However. they did not "
20 act with too great haste; they