davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10
Storage Trench for Celery.

because. unless the plants are white,
firm, and tender, they are not only
unpalatab1e for the farmers family,
but are Of course unstable. Exclu-
ding the light induces q solid growth
in >the heart of tho plant and this
growth is very rapid. It also turns
a plant from green to pure white.
Persons contemplating growing cell
cry for the market should not at
tompt to do 50 until they have visited
ono Of the large commercial celery
gardens and learned from observation
exactly how the work Of seeding,
transplanting, cultivating and mar
keting Is done. But the farmer who
simply desires to grow enough celery
for his family, use. may If he follows
instructions. grow good crops. always
provided that his soil is very rich and
we'll drained.
The application of manure should
be made every season. no matter how
rich the soil Is, because celery will not
grow we'll on impoverished soil.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

facts regarding the BIRDS food. Tss
birds were killed in various localities
and at all seasons Of the year.
The examination shows that nearly
three-fourths Of the meadow laEks
food for the year consists OF insects,
about IL per cent Of weed seeds and
IL per cent Of grain. The record o.
grain may raise question ~ to the
BIRDS possible injury to crops. bus tie
date Of the finding Of the grain shows
that almost the entire amount Of
grain was eaten during the mouths
of December. January. February
March and April
Suppose the lark does occasionally
pull up some sprouting grant The
one fact alone that the bird eats
chinch bugs Is enough TO make every
farmer his friend forever, for We car
not lose sight Of the fact that thfa
troublesome bug In tho United Stated
during the past half century has de-
stroyed grain to the estimated value
of over $S3o,ooo, 900. And OF bate q
has been discovered that tho meadow
lark is great enemy Of the boil
weevil, too.
What wonderful record TOR good
the meadow lark has to Its credit
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

ana vegetables. Have everything ctes4
and fresh.
For strictly home purposes the
glass Jars are most satisfactory and
decidedly more economical than the
tin cans, although both may Be used.
The initial expense Of tho glass lar u
greater than that Of the tin. but With
reasonable care, glass will Inst an In
definite time.
Glass Jars can be- used over ana
over again with pexfect safety. but
the tin should never be used . second
time.
A decided Improvement over the
old-style srcew-top jar. II ono having
glass or porcelain top which - held
down over the neck Of tho Jar.
The wide mouth Of tho improved
jar Is decided advantage when cans
ming whole fruits or vegetables. Al.
though jars Of the type illustrated
are a little more expensive. much
more satisfactory and successful work
can be done with them than with
those with the screw-top,
When buying jars get AZ good .
grade a. can be afforded. The nrst
expense may be some what high, but
with reasonable caro- the jsrs should
last many years. Newer use rubbsrs
q second time. !.
When canning fruits or Vegetables
for the home use, 1t 10 not n9ceasary
to purchase an expensive or espsc-
Tally made vessel In which to; do the
cooking.
Any fiat-bottom vessel such 49, 9
washboiler, ham-boiler, preserv1ng.
kettle or bucket that Is deep enough
to permit Of being covered after the
Jars or cans are placed inside. WIN
serve the purpose.
Do not use artificial preserva4fvee
Of any kind. Tho cheapest, sura1t
and only absolutely safe way u 70
sterilize by means Of hest applied II
the form Of cooking.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

The meadow lark. or, as 1t Is often
called. Fee Lark" is g. familiar &C
quaintance of virtually every farm
boy in the country Its loud, clear
call in the spring is known to all
whose business or pleasure takes
them to the fields. It's clear, far
reaching whistle of "laziness will kill
you" is enough to arouse in the mind
Of the hearer more than passing
notice.
Living. as it does. on the ground.
1t is seldom seen perched aloft unless
for the purpose Of singing, or when
resting after it's search for food. In
flying it proceeds by alternately sail
ing and beating it's wings rapidly. The
nest is an oven-like structure con-
cealed under a tuft Of grass or small
bush and the eggs. which are four
or five in number, are beautifully
spotted from natures bounteous
palette.
The lark is essentially bird Of
the fields. When on the ground 1t
does not hop like many small birds.
but walks like crow or chicken. oc-
casionally expanding it's tail feathers
with sudden jerky movement which
displays well the outer white tall
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10
Production Of Market MIX
BY W. N. Kelley.

! or all branches Of the dairy busi-
nass the production Of a hish.grade
article Of market milk 10 the most
exaoting.
Certified milk has IT. place and II
fast becoming an important factor
| IN the milk trade OF Ill tho larger
cities; but tho question Of improving
the quality Of the market milk - OF
far more interest. for the reason that
It concerns the larger number OF con-
sumers and the larger number OF pro-
duoers.
Among the conditions that control
the value of market milk are the
health Of the oows the care OF the
milk. the quality Of the milk. the ha-
vor and taste, the color and general
appearance Of the milk.
In actual practice have found
these conditions 30 closely related
that It II difficult to tell where
one leaves off and the other begins.
And all of tho conditions must be
right II we produce q good. whole
some grade Of milk.
The COWS that are producing milk
must be in good physical condition
and have healthy surroundings and
healthy attendants. They should have
an abundant supply. of pure water
and clean wholesome food, and some
form Of succulence at all times when
being fed a heavy ration Of grain
feeds. Corn ensilage will provide
this succulence in the best and most
economical form.
The herd should be tested for tu-
berculosis at least once every year
and examined frequently for other
diseases and arrangements, such az
tumors. garget, and skin diseases.
That diseases may be transmitted
in milk is an undisputed fact, hence
care should be exercised in all the
work and equipment that pertains to
It..
There must be regularity In feed
ing and milking governed according
to the time Of trains. tho distance to
deliver. and the size of the herd.
Market milk 10 produced at price
where man must have cows that
will give large quantity regardless
of quality. although it should at all
times be reasonably good.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10
THE CABBAGE TOPPER

This insect las been rather common
for two seasons and in some fields
has caused much damage. IT can be
distinguished by its light green color.
smooth. skin and body tapering toward
the head. It also "loops" or meas
ures" when it crawls because there
are no prolegs on the sixth and sew
enth abdominal segments. The cater
pillars often attack other vegetables,
including celery, parsley. cauliflower,
turnip, lettuce, dandelion and tomato,
and sometimes get into greenhouses
late in the fall and damage plants
by devouring portions Of then.
The caterpillar is from one to one
and three Fights inches long. and in
color is light green. indistinctly striped
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

while milking. He was driven to It
after years Of suffering. from being
swiped across the face with cows
muddy tail while milking. The ma
chine is simple and quickly fixed and
prevents the cow from switching her
tail and thus disseminating filth and
germs that get into the milk.
HELPS FOR THE FARMERS WIFE
If wet shoes are filed with paper
when put away the paper will absorb
the dampness and the shoes be LETT
dry and soft.
Milk toast Is much better II the
hot cream milk is served IN COW
cred pitcher. each individual pouring
onto the hot buttered toast. It pre-
vents the toast from becoming sogSy.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

climate. litter and earth must be
thrown over the trench to prevent
them from freezing. The slightest
touch with frost will ruin them. II
celery is to be marketed late in the
winter 1t should be placed in a hotbed
or in EARTH in the cellar. or in a stor-
age house.
The big celery growers follow the
same method except that after the
plants are placed in the trench with
the boards on either side, earth Is
filled in on each side Of the boards
which are gradually withdrawn until
the trench is nearly filled, leaving the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

to run a small canning factory in hez
own kitchen and on the farm that II
both economical and desirable.
Fruits and vegetables can be put
up in glass jars or tin cans at home
much cheaper than they can be pur.
chased in the form Of commercial
canned goods. and the flavor, texture
and general quality Of the homemade
product can be. made superior to the
product Of the average factory.
All forms Of bacteria are killed by
comnlete sterilization. This is moth
ing more than enclosing the product
to be sterlized in Jars or cans that
can be sealed air-tight, and submit
ting them to heat Of sufficient degree
for a time long enough. to destroy
the bacteria that cause tho raw ma
terial to spoil.
sterilization is readily accomplished
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10
THE FRUIT CANNING SEASON
THAT MIGHT OTHERWISE BE WASTED.
BY 8. B. Shaw.

by the use Of boiling water, and mere
can be done. While the parent bac-
terra can be killed at temperature
Of boiling water. their spores retain
their vitality for a long time even at
that temperature.
Smaller factories. and the different
homecoming outfits usually make
use Of the 'open- kettle" process. Here
the cans are submerged In boiling
water and kept at that temperature
for time sufncient to destroy BAG
terra and spores.
Tho third process known as frac-
tional sterilization, is that Of keeping
cans or Jars in boiling water for a
specified time upon each OF two or
three consecutive days.
The process Of boiling upon con-
secutive days Is the safest method,
and is much to be preferred In home
canning. The first days boiling kills
practically all the bacteria. but does
not kill all of the spores. M&
AS soon as the jars or cans cool,
these spores develop, and new lot
Of bacteria begin their destructive
work on tho contents.
The second days boiling kills this
new lot Of bacteria before they have
had time to produce spores.
Boiling the third day is not always
necessary, but it is advisable in order
to be sure that sterilization Is COM
plete.
The product to be canned, the var
ious utensils used, the cans or jars
and the entire surroundings cannot
be too clean. Cleanliness is half the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

secret Of making the canning bust
ness q success. ~
In selecting fruit. use only those
specimens that are well grown. ripe
but firm. Do not use overripe speci-
mems. al they are usually too soft
and mellow to can nicely.
When choosing vegetables, select
those that are young and have made
q rapid growth. AZ a rule. young
quick-growing vegetables are super
ior in flavor and texture to the slow
growing and moro mature ones.
Fruits ana vegetables to be canned
are prepared In exactly the same
manner ~ they would be previoui
to cooking or serving for immediate
use.
All bruised and rotten places should
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

Method OF laying wet bundles to
dry in order to prevent the sprouting
OF the grain. The numbers indicate
the order in which they are laid.
in value until the grain is dead ripe.
Barley should not be cut when wet
with dew or rain as the bundles dry
out slowly.
II weather conditions are favorable
It is best to let the bundles dry before
shocking. They should then be set
UP in oblong rather than round
shocks, as the oblong shocks allow
better ventilation.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10
WATER AND SALT FOR CALVES

Calves, like other farm animalA set
thirsty, even though milk forms .
large part Of their ration. Calvea
three months Of age will drink a.
much as five quarts Of water daily
per head They like to drink often.
slipping little at time.
A half barrel cleaned and replen.
ished twice daily. will serve nicely
as a water trough. Another good
device is an automatic waterer which
may be easily cleaned, situated q lit
tie above the floor to keep out the
litter.
Salt is essential to tho Develop
ment of the calf, as Of other animals
and sic'''a be kept continually avail-
ao'
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10
BY 9. NJ. Clinton.

the seed should be covered very light
~ with rake.
To prepare the ground Tor celery,
rows should be made about four feet
apart, and light application Of we'll
rotted stable manure and nitrate OF
potash placed in the burrows.
The plants taken from the seed
bed should be set about eight inches
apart in the row and great care
should be observed In placing the
roots in their natural position without
crushing and doubling them up. The
soil then must be drawn firmly about
the plants and all weeds must be
kept down. Under good conditions
celery plants grow very rapidly. Soon
after the plants are we'll started.
they should be given a light applica-
ton of nitrate of soda and another
about two weeks later: this is all they
will need until they have reached the
proper growth.
Celery Is bleached in several ways,
but the best practice for the farm 10
to place the plants in q trench about
twelve inches deep and twelve inches
wide. The plants are taken up with
a spading fork. the roots trimmed of
square and all faulty stalks should be
removed from the outside OF tho
bunch.
Place the plants four in a row and
pack little damp soil around the
roots. After the plants have been
placed in the trench, place twelve
inch board on each side of the plants
and draw the tops slightly together.
A board placed on top will make
covering which will protect the plants
until cold weather. when. If in a cold
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

Thsrs seems 70 be bslisf BY the
general public that there 10 somsth!ng
mysterious In the commercial can
ninx process. The great secret Of
this process IL q careful observation
on two things, absolute cleanliness
and complete sterilization.
It II possible for every housewife
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10
TURKEY RAISING

We know a Virginia woman who
raises from 100 to 200 turkeys every
year and the whole bunch roost in a
great oak tree. To enable the young
sters to reach the branches she built
an incline stairway consisting OF q
16-foot plank with cross pieces. This
woman declares that until the poults
began to roost in the tree she con-
fined them in houses and lost many
birds every season.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

be cut ont ana all stems leaves ana
other trash removed. + Sec that every
thing Is clean, and washed thorough
~ In fresh water before being placed
In the cans or. Jars.
These should also be wen wastiea
and made perfectly clean. DO not
attempt to can dirty or decayed fruih
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

Celery II 4 good market crop. but
there are many other crops which
pay better. In the famous Kalama-
zoo district in Michigan. where the
crop Is grown exclusively on hundreds
Of acres by experts. It II stated that
the average profit after rental OF land,
growing and marketing expenses are
all paid does not exceed 800 per
acre. Occasionally we hear OF phe-
nomenal crops for q single year. but
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10
CELERY NOT HARD TO GROW
AS COMMERCIAL CROP
ABLE-EvERY FARM GARDEN SHOULD HAVE cELERYBED

tops above the surface. Then little
straw II placed over tho tops and held
down by an occasional shovslful OF
earth and this IL added to 90 the
weather becomes colder.
Some growers blanch their celery
by placing over the plants . section
Of drain tile and covering up the top
with coarse cloth or litter.
Blanching ID really q very impor-
tant part OF producing good celery;
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

the ground many stomachs have been
found to be filed largely with insects
which have been procured about the
manure piles, the edges Of straw
stacks and similarly exposed places.
The United States Biological Sur
vey examined 23S meadow lark stom-
achs, during an experiment to deter
mine as accurately as possible the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

Some people presume that young
chicks, ducks and goslings ought to
have as much sense as a grown man.
Maybe they have as much as some
men but they must be cared for as
though they had not.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10
IN THE sHEEPFoLI.

Every flock owner should give spe-
cial attention to providing the best OF
supplemental forage and pasture for
his sheep to help out the other past
ure and supply the flock with a
change OF feed.
Every sheep feeder should awaken
to his opportunities and put stop to
selling his lambs in poor condition.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

tire. or any other heavy piece Of iron.
and is not expensive. The diameter
Of the support should be sufficient to
allow the bottom of the kettle to come
within about six inches Of the ground,
in order that the fire built under it
max have good draft BY the use
Of this support, tho kettle-bail is kept
out Of the way. and this is a decided
advantage.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

Cabbage Looper. A, showing adult,
lc.va and pupa stage, natural size.
with white The adult is dark
brownish grey moth, having wing
expanse of about one and one half
inches. with silver dot and U-shaped
mark near the middle Of each fore
wing.
There are two broods each year.
and damage in the cabbage field may
be prevented by spraying the plants
with lead arsenats, lbs. to SO gallons
of water, as for the imported or COM
mon cabbage worm.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

From observation and our own ex-
perience I am firmly convinced that
at least % per cent of stable manure
is wasted by distributing it by hand.
A manure spreader will soon pay for
itself In saving.-R. M. Allen.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

Intestinal diseases are more abun-
dant whenever and wherever you find
flies. and the files and not the sum-
mer. heat. are the active agents in
the spread of such sickness and of
infant summer complaints Cleanli-
ness is next to flylessness." Mrs. r..
S. Bradley, Boston.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10
BY III. b. Derr.

grain ripens unevenly, it is better
to cut when most of the heads are
ripe. even though there is some loss
from shrinkage. If the grain is in
tended for brewing purposes it should
not be cut too early. rs 1t increases
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

A blanket or heavy cloth fly cover
is positive torture to nervous snd
thin-skinned horse. The old FASH
toned leather or cord nets are better.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

The price Of cock does not always
determine his value and the buyer
must know what he is buying or find
he is paying out his good money to no
purpose.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

In providing q chicken dinner for
the homo It II not necessaryto select
the biggest and best formed eookerelA
The smaller birds may be ~ q ht
and toothsome but they dos00esvedgh
SO much and bring less II ~ mar
ket.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10
THE FARMERS BLRD-FRzEMDS
BY r.
BY T. Gilbert Pearson

feathers Of that member. The mead
ow lark is a decidedly handsome bird.
and affords rather easy mark for
the gunner.
Few birds are more constant eat
ers of insects than the lark. Even
in winter when snow lies thickly on
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

If you should ma Z hidden NEST
filled with eggs do not send them 10
market. Naturally some Of them will
be old ana to SCH them would b
fraud.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

If the soil h vet in the corn field
use an implement for cultivation that
will not pack the ground but Will
leave 1t as loose as possible. When
the soil Is dry pack It tight.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

The farmer who constantly robs
his soil will some day have to leave
his land because it will not, yield him
q living.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10
A SUPPORT FOR THE KETTLE

People who use kettles for outdoor
work, such as heating water for
butchering hogs, making apple-but-
ter. and such things, will find the
iron support for the kettle. as shown
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

Many promising colts are ruined
by being forced on long drives with
their dams. This is not only a cruel
practice. but senseless ona-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

Lime such as ground oyster shells
or in some other form fed in soft
feed will harden the egg shells.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

II tho young turkeys prefer to roost
in the big tree In the yard. let them.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1911-08-10

Good time to stop the leaks Is in
the months when the least rain falls.
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1911-08-01
DR.. Miles
Nerve and Liver Pills

are different from others. Many
kinds of liver pills are impossible"
after one trial on account of their
harshness. DR.. Miles Nerve and
Liver Pills do not act by sheer force
but in an easy, natural way, with
out gripping or undue irritation.
They are not habit forming.
If the first bottle fails to benefit, your
druggist will return the price. Ask him.
MILES MEDICAL CO., Elkhart. Ind.
If you are looking for the best groceries
buy of Ronemus.
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1911-08-01
II W o. F. s
Undertaking Store.
Our Gigantic Clearance Sale

Is still continuing with all of its bargains included
1t is really surprising such values you get here
very little money Why? 500 does the work of two.
You find bargains here for all in the line OF Mems
and Boys Clothing Mems Furnishings, Ladies' Mems and
Children's Shoes and Oxfords, etc.
This sale will only continue short while longer don't
delay but once it is for your own benefit well
Spirit of Jefferson. [volume] (Charles Town, Va. [W. Va.]) 1844-1948, 1911-08-01

QUICK CLIMATIC CHANGES try strong cor
stitulioIs aud cause. among other evis, nasal
catarsh. q troublesome and offensive disease.
sneezisg and suufiing;couguing and difficult
breathing and the drip, drip of the foul dis
rharSe into the throat, all are ended BY Els 9
Cream salm. / bis aoneet remedy contains
no cocaine mercury. nor other harmful ir-
gredisnt. The wort cases yield to treatment
10 short time. All druggists. soc or mailed
bv Ely Bros. IS Warren Street. New York.