The Forrest City times., 1910-06-10

Oxford, England.-BefOre an audi ence of distinguished men and stu dents of Oxford university. Theodore Roosevelt on June delivered the Romanes lecture, his subject being Biological Analogies in History" The lecture had been scheduled for delivery on May IS, but of course was post poned on account of King Edwards demise IL was given in the Sheldon Ian theater and Lord Curzon, as chan celor of the university, presided and introduced the lecturer
 In seeking to penetrate the causes of the mysteries that surround not only mankind but all life, both in the present and the past. said MT. Roose- velt We see strange analogies in the phenomena of life and death, of birth growth and change. between those physical groups of animal life which We designate as species, forms, races and the highly complex and composite entities which rise before our minds when we speak of nations and civil lzations It is this study, he assert ed. that has given science it's present. day prominence, and the historian of mankind must work in the scientific spirit and use the treasure-houses of science
 To illustrate, the lecturer took sev- eral instances of the development of new species and the extinction of spe- ees in the history of mammalian life. slowing that in some cases the causes can be traced with considerable aceu- raey, and in other cases We cannot so much as hazard a guess as to why given change occurred.
 Analooies In Human History.
 Continuing, MT Roosevelt said in part:
 Now, as to ali of these pnenQmena in the evolution of species. there are. if not homologies, at least certain analogies. In the history of human societies, in the history of the rise to prominence os the development and change. of the tenn pcrary dominance and death or trans formation, of the groups of varying kind which form races or nations.
 As in biology. so in human history, new form may result from the specaliza- ton Of a long-existng and hitherto very slowly changing generallzed or non specialized form; as, for instance. when harbaric race from variety of causes suddenly develops a more complex culti- vation and civilization. That Is what oc- cured, for instance, in western Europe during the centuries of the Teutonic and later the Scandinavian ethnic overfows from the north. All the modern countries Of western Europe are descended from the states created by these northern invaders. When first created they could be called new" or young states in the sense a nf bA inc them were descended from races that hitherto had not been civilized at all and that therefore for the first time entered on the career of civilized communities. In the southern part of western Europe the new states thus formed consisted in bulk of the inhabitants already in the land under the Roman empire; and t was here that the new kingdoms first took shape. Through a reflex action their Influence then extended back into the cold forests from which the invaders had come and Germany and Scandinavia witnessed the rise of communities with essentially the same civilization as their southern neighbors though in those communities. unlike the southern communities. there was no infusion of now blood. and in each case the new civilized nation which gradu- ally developed was composed entirely of members of the same race which In the same region had for ages lived the life of a slowly changing barbarism. The same was true of the Slavs and the Slavonized Films of eastern Europe when an infil- tration of Scandinavian leaders from the north and infltration of Byzantine culture from the south joined to produce the changes which have gradually, out of the little Slav communities of the forest and the steppe. formed the mighty Russian empire of today.
 "New" and "Young" Nations.
 Again. the new form may represent merely a splitting off from a long estab- Hshed highly developed and specialized nation In this case the nation Is usually spoken of as young" and is correctly spoken of as new" nation. but the term should always be used with a clear sense of the difference between what is described in such case. and what Is de- serihed by the same term in speaking of civilized nation just developed from a oarharism. Carthage and Syracuse were new cities compared with Tyre and Cor nth; bat the Greek or Phoeniciau race was Tn every sense of the word as old in the neW city as in the old city. So nowadays. Victoria or Manitoba Is new community compared with England or Scotland but the ancestral type of civilization and cul- t4re is ss old In one case as in the other. or course do not mean for a moment that great changes are not produced by the mere fact that the old civilized race ls suddenly placed in surroundings where II has again to go through the work Of tanning the wilderness. work finished many centuries before in the original nome of the race. l merely mean that the ancestral history is the same in each case We can rightly use the phrase "a new People" in speaking of Canadians or Australians. Americans or Afrik anders. But we use 1t in an entirely different sense from that in which we use it when speaking of such communities as those rounded by the northmen and their de seehdants during that period of astonish- Ing growth which saw the descendants of the Morse sea-thieves conquer and trans torm Normandy, Sicily. and the British siands we use it in an entirely different setse from that in which we use II when speaking of the new states that grew up