The Leavenworth echo. [volume] (Leavenworth, Wash.) 1904-current, 1910-09-23
G. N. DEMONSTRATION TRAIN
Fruit Growers and Ranchers for Miles
Around We're Here to Meet
the Train

hour late last Saturday, and IN place o
arriving at 10 a. m. and remaining un
til II, it arrived at II and departed a
1890, thus cutting down the stop here
from two to one and half hours.
An immense throng Of fruit growers
and ranchers from the surrounding
country was here to receive instruc.
tions on better methods of farming,
fruit growing, poultry raising, and kin
dred subjects.
Speaking with reference to varieties
of trees for planting in the orchards oi
central and eastern Washington, Pro-
fessor w. S. Thornber said:
I'VE would place the Winesap first,
the Spitzenberg second, and the Vel
low Newton third on deep soils. For
shallow soils above the altitude of 1900
feet we would have the Roman Beauty
second, and the Jonathan third"
Professor Thornber recommended
thoro tillage Of all orchards, and sum-
mer pruning. With reference to till
age, he said that he knew orchardists
in the state who cultivated from 10 to
18 times in a season, and sold from
$500 to $4,000 worth of fruit per acre;
that he know others who did not cult
vate more than once in five years, who
sold no fruit whatever. Speaking upon
the question of summer treatment, he
said:
we must do summer pruning to
reduce the superhuous wood and thin
the fruit in this part Of the state. By
summer pruning I mean pruning in
August. Do this every year. Last
year during the railway farming demon
STATIONS throu the state we advocated
this, and during the present tour have
seen abundant evidence that where our
advice was followed, good results have
been obtained. Prune pear and apple
trees in August, and you will have few
water sprouts. Prune cherry trees i'm
mediately after picking. When trees
are young we desire wood growth, and
when of bearing age we desire fruit.
So prune young trees early in the
spring, and prune the bearing trees in
August. The former encourages the
production of more wood, and the lat
ter encourages the production of more
fruit"
In his lectures and demonstrations
Prof. Thornber placed great emphasis
upon the importance of spraying. He
said that with an orchard of more than
10 acres every man should have good
power outfit; that with less than 10
acres it was generally possible to get
along with hand pump. He urged
that where a number of men with small
orchards lived in a community, that
they secure a good power spraying out
fit comparatively, and said that in many
parts of the country this plan of coop
Grafton among orchardists was securing
splendid results in keeping the orch
ards free of all disastrous insect and
plant diseases, and with the minimum
of expense and labor.
Codling moth, the bud moth, San
Jose scale, the woody aphis, blackspot
canker occasionally, New York apple
canker, winter injury, and apple scab
are the principle orchard diseases
which have been reported in orchards
along the Great Northern in central
Washington. Prof. Thornber offered
the following suggestions with reference
to the handling of these pests:
Spray with arsenate OF lead for the
codling moth while the last blossoms
are falling. Use a Bordeaux nozzle
with crook, and spray with force from
raised platform directly into every
flower. Repeat Immediately. Keep
few trees banded. If many worms are
trapped, spray. For the bud moth
spray with sulphur lime when the buds
are swelling. Supplement with arse
nate of lead when the buds open. Re
peat in one week if necessary. Fol
the San Jose scale, spray with sulphur
lime in the spring before the buds
burst.
THE woolly aphis should be treated
with sulphur lime, kerosene emulsion
or tobacco, just before the buds burst
Spray with force. The summer treat
ment is with kerosene emulsion or to
bacco. Root treatment is ineffective
Blackspot canker should be treated
with Bordeaux mixture, double
strength, Immediately after the leaves