Los Angeles herald., 1910-04-17
CONCERNING PLUMBING

house is more important IndH Lne
plumbing system. Improper drainage.
water supply and fixtures cause great
discomfort. At a point outside the
house the sewer pipe connects with the
cesspool or other sewage disposal sys-
tenn. This sewer pipe is generally OF
earthenware and of a size suitable for
the work to be done. In all cases care
should be taken to lay 1t to grade. All
Joints should be tight, and smooth and
clean on the inside.
The house drain through which the
water Is conveyed from the several
fixtures to the sewer is of cast iron,
about four inches In diameter. Before
entering the house wall the drain pipe
should pass through trap or vent
pipe fitting, arranged to interrupt the
passage of foul air or gases. Back or
this point, inside the house, a pipe
should run vertically upward through
the partitions to an outlet above the
roof. This affords fresh air ventilation
to the drain pipe. The soil pipes run
from the most convenient point of
juncture with the drain pipe, through
the building to wherever they connect
with the plumbing fixtures. The soil
pipe also should have a fresh air vent
1t should be extended through the roof,
with the top protected by wire bas-
ket Every fixture should be con-
nected with this main ventilating stack
by means of a two-inch pipe set above
each.
In arranging sewer and drain pipes
the builder should see that cleanouts
are left in places easily accessible.
Drains from the fixtures should be four
inches from the water closets. Two
inches will be sufficient for other
fixtures.
The water service pipes are of gal
vanized iron and of different sizes. The
pipe from the water main into the
house should be laid well below the
frost line and is either l 1-4-inch or
/ 1-2-inch in diameter. This pipe should
be extended through the cellar and
vertically upward through the house,
so arranged as to give connection to
all desired sources of supply. The
pipes for supplying bathroom, lavatory
tubs and kitchen sink should be three
quarters of an inch in diameter. A
l 1-4-inch pipe is sufficient for the
kitchen boiler supply. From the range
boiler the hot water supply is carried
in a pipe of the same size as that used
for cold water. The branches to each
fixture are also of corresponding size.
Bathroom fixtures vary greatly in size,
material, shape and cost. A five-foot
tub is most generally used. The tub
and lavatory should be of porcelain
enameled iron. The water closet bowl
should be of porcelain. The cost OF
these three fixtures is usually about
$10O.
The kitchen and laundry should If
possible be near to the bathroom. This
will allow a nearly straight run OF pipe
and necessitate fewer complications,
with more direct service. The best
sink is of enameled ware Place IL
where there is abundant light. 1t is a
luxury to have a drain at either end
of the sink. The boiler connected with
the range to supply hot water is usual
ly placed in the kitchen. 1t is in the
way in the kitchen and radiates a great
deal of heat. 1t may be covered with
asbestos But it should be placed in
the basement, where 1t may be con-
nected with q separate heater made
for the purpose.
The plumbing problem in any house
is a very important one. The plumb
ing for a small house may be econom-
ically installed If an intelligent selec-
ton is made of the various fixtures
and the position they occupy.
Dyspepsia, heartburn and indigestion
may be relieved somewhat by a cupful
of hot water in which small spoon
full of salt has been dissolved. Salt
and water will revive an unconscious
person when hurt if brandy or other
stimulants are not handy. Hemorrhage
from tooth pulling is stopped by filling
the mouth with salt and water. Salt
rubbed into the scalp or added to the
water in which the hair is washed pre-
vents the hair from falling out. Salt
in the oven under the baking tins will