The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1910-09-18

o. the DOORWAY ~ a NE size non. inc Iofe-
quarters and head carved in the round
and projecting. the rest OF the body IN high
relief and forming part OF the vail The
slab adjoining shows an eagle headed
deity with human body. the neat two
figures facing each other; on the other
side OF the lion n carved a sphinx with n
human head. next comes a slab with the
figure Of "A man. There are other slabs.
In the centre OF the portico is a carved
sphinH. with a portrait human face,
which probably served as the pedestal
for a column. 4 section Of the mound
was cut through TO the undisturbed
ground. and three layers Of debris. with
black pottery and. higher up. painted pot
terry were observed under the wall. Prof.
Garstang does not venture 20 guess at
the age Of these till more Hittite material
for comparison comes to light.
! In conclusion. Prof. GarstRng writes
the story Of the Hittites- from what We
know thus far. The remains show signs
OF continuous occupation from n period
beginning et least 3OO0 years before Christ
and ending with the AssyriRn domination.
They show that the earliest settlers had
some culture in common with Susa. with
the Troad and with Crete. They came
early into contact with the Euphrates
Valley; their treaties are written IN the
Assyrian language and their scribes were
able To apply cuneiform writing to their
own language Their gods resemble those
Of Babylon. The Hittites did not spring
from the land they inhabited. On the
monuments two types are represented.
one Mongoloid. clearly resembling the
/ TartArs. the other a clear cut. Greek face.
i This indicates n mixed populations Prof.
GRrstang does not attempt to solve the
problem OF their origin. he accepts the
common opinion that they were noun
tain people that came from the nearest
mountains. in Armenia, the Caucasus and
I the Taurus. These were rich in metals
especially copper. and the Hittites profitCd
bY this whom civilization substituted metal
for stone IL In the bronze stage that they
emerge distinctly into history in the four
tenth century before Christ.
The earliest illusions to the Hittltes
however, go back Ave or SIX centuries
before. thew occur in the records Of three
different peoples and are IN way parallel
20 each other The BlhyIonian archives
show that in isOO y. e. or earlier the Hit
tites were chiefly Responsible for the-over-
throw Of the first dynasty that ruled at
Ba bylon and there are references 90 them
earlier The earliest dated reference TO
them IN Egypt is an inscription Of the
twelfth dynasty. about 1000 B. C.. from
which IL apr.ars that they had settle-
ments in southern Syria and in Hebrew
history the tradition is clear that in the
time of the Patria rchs the Hittites were
one Of the settled people in the land; the
name is practically synonymous with
that 81 the CanaAnites. Then there is
no direct record OF them for some CEN
turIes though IL il evident that the -Hyk-
sos people who overran Egypt in that
period had a culture which. IL not purely
Hittite or traceable 20 them 50 early. was
largely shared hy the Hittites of historic I,
times
The names 81 the earliest kings and
dvnAstIe- are still unknown. hut the AZ
chiv"s discovered at BoghAz Keui tell
is how things were IN the thirteenth aud /
fourteenth centuries. These cover the ?
r"ign- Of sax generations ~ the Haiti D
dynasty Of kinRs. making Allus,on in all .
To eight 81 their sovereigns They include /
treaties with internal states in Syria and 1
elsewhere with MitAnni with the Amoritss ,
and with Egypt, most OF them prefaoed
by historical notes Of events leading up To |
the conclusion Of the treaty IN question.
There - also correspondence OF q diplo-
matte character With the courts OF Thieves.
Of Babylonia and OF MitAnni. and other .
documents % varied sorts. These are
written in cuneiform. and the language
employed in foreign Affairs IL the Assyro-
BAbylonlAn. only IN some internal matters
the Hrttite language - used Though the
documents have not yet disclosed the full .
natuue Of their contents the archives a. a
whole have already thrown as much light
on the history Of the Hittites At this period
a. did the Tell 81 AmArnA tablets. with
which they are in part contemporary. on
the foreign affairs ~ Egypt during the
eighteenth dynasty
The story opens with the effort 81 Subbi-
uliuma in the Egyptian records Sapalulu.
son Of Hattusil /. King Of the city OF Ku-
sar IN extend his dominions: before his
death he had won the title Of Great King
He invaded northern syria. which Was held
by the Egyptians, with whom the kingdom
Of Mitanni. m northern MesopotamiA,
formed an alliance lie seems 10 have
had the whole Hittite nation with him.
The details Of Subbi-luliuma's WAITS are
told vividly 10y Prof. Garstang The
oulCoHi" NtH IN" 'Eusnlnk OF Mtannl, mo
repuls" Of the Egyptians. the spread II
the HittIts empire beyond the Taurus 10 it's
funniest historical extent and its extension
westward in Asia Minor far beyond the
Hays River and possibly to the LydiRn
coast Among his successors were Mursil.
who had TO contend against Assyrians and
MutAllu. who fought q great
battle AZ KAdeeh against tho Egyptians;
Hattusil II. whose wife was Putukhipa,
Princess OF Qizwanda, n lady who took
an important part in politics and nego-
tiat~d with the chief wife OF Rameses a
treaty 81 peace between Egypt and the
Hittitee
With IN" twelfth century when the ,
Hitute power was already declining. the ,
from the archives ends They
.nAble Prof. GarstAnE. with aid also 81 the ,
sculptures. 90 draw an engaging picture :