Evening journal., 1910-10-05
UP-IN-T -THE-AIR
TALK TRANSLATED
FOR LANDLUBBERS

The development of sky navigation
means the bringing Of new words into
the English language.
The coming aero meet here will
produce conversation and literature
in which these words will form an
important part.
Here is a compendium Of the words
most often used by the bird men:
AlLERONS-S Sometimes called fins.
They are small supplementary sur
faces fitted at teh extremities of the
main planes as combinations of
the planes, or between the planes
in biplanes. The Curtiss and Cody
machines are fitted with ailerons.
ANGLES.-Angles OF incidence is an
angle which a line drawn from the
leading to the trailing edge of the
plane makes with the horizontal. II
is generally eight degrees, but the
smaller the angle of incidence the
greater the speed at which sus-
tentatiOn occurs. Increasing the
angle above the normal, with the
use Of the elevator, causes the ma
chine to rise from the ground: de-
creasing the angle causes the ma
chine to descend.
CAMBER--The Gambler OF the ribs Is
the curvature given them in much
the same way that motor car
spring or a rod has Gambler or cur
Vature. The amount of Gambler OF
the ribs Of a plane is found by
measuring the distance of the rit
at any point from a straight edge
held TO touch its two ends. II is
greatest about one-third Of the dis
tance from the leading edge
CHASSIS In monoplanes the chassis
is that part Of the framework 10
which the main and tail planes arc
fitted and which contains the en-
gine and seat OF he aviator.
CHORD-This is the length OF the
plane from the leading TO the trail
ing edge in a straight line.
ELEVATORS used for altering the
vertical direction Of tho machine
and is generally found in front of
the main plane OF the Wright and
Farman biplanes, while in mono
planes the elevator is usually plac-
cd at the rear
GAP-The gap Is the distance be-
tween the main planes in a biplane
and IL tho distance should be less
than the choir OF the planes, the
lifting power OF the upper plane
would be affected.
KEEI-The function of a keel Is
similar to. that of the side curtain
and Is of the form OF a long verti-
cal fin. placed In the fore and aft
direction along the rear extension Oi
A. g..
but tho latter extremity sometimes
forms the vertical or steering rud-
der.
MAIN PLANES-These are sthe sup
porting surfaces OF the main weight
OF the machine. Superposed plane:
mean one plane above another, as
In biplanes, and monoplanes usual
ly have their main plane in front.
/ MAIN SPARS-These are the latera
spars on which the main plane
are built and are usually two il
number TO a plane or deck" nrhe.
act as canulevers, supported a
their inmost ends, where they ar
attached to the chassis either di
rectly in monoplanes and supporte
by guys, or by means of vertica
struts and guys in a biplane.
/ OUTRlGGERS- to support bot
} tho elevator and tail and are cor
structed Of timber, with two. thre
, or four spars with wooden distanc
pieces aud guy wires fixed betwee
J them 10 secure rigidity.
r RlBS-They are what their nam
implies and are made of ash {
spruce, bent 10 the correct curve
and support the fabric on III
planes.
RUDDER-Rudder planes are set vei
tically AZ the rear of the machir
: aud may be either single or dupl
cate planes, hinged forward an
controlled by wires, much as on
boat.
SkIDS-Long wooden ska5es upo
which the machine can land in saf
" and relieve the wheels OF col
siderable shock.
SIDE CURTAINS-When fitted TO
machine they are usually pur
between the main planes and a,
of box foundation. They are fixe
and their object is to give resis
ance to lateral motion and to d
minish the risk of sliding sidewil
through the air. Sometimes thu
> are fitted TO a biplane tail
SUPPLEMENTARY PLANES - A.
f, ditional surfaces which are uti
ized for greater stability.
1 SURFACE-Is the fabric sewed eitl
: er single or double over and und
the main and other spars al
: ribs.
SPANS the distance from tip to Z
of the main planes.
! NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. called ga
chissement and is applied TO Il
main planes producing the same u
innate effect as the use of aileron
WEBS-Two or more are placed b
tween the ribs and are small blocl
| Of laland fhlI lcI Is HiaIannn nice.