davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-07-09
Seven CAUGHT IN Raid.

Cedar Falls, July IA midnight
raid upon the Arlington hotel and a
blind pig, conducted by N. Madsen in
the barn upon his premises. resulted
in the arrest OF seven people, two men,
and five women, for disorderly con-
duct, and the seizure Of about 100
bottles Of beer.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-07-09

It is not well to say too soon that
there were no accidents on the Fourth
1t takes several days for lockjaw to
develop
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-07-09

This is the month the Democratic
state convention is to be held In OF
tumWa,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-07-09

The Fourth Is past now. Get down to
business and make this month better
than July Of last year.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-07-09

Foley's Kidney Remedy will cure any
case OF kidney and bladder trouble not
beyond the reach of medicine. No med
icine can do more. Clark's Drug Store;i
The Swenson Drug Store.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-07-09
Lifelong Bondage

to dyspepsia. liver complaints. and kid
ney troubles is needless Electric Bit
tiers is the guaranteed remedy. Soc.
F. B. Clark
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-07-09

Buy ottumwa made goods. They are
the best.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-07-09

Just keep up the agitation-that's
what it will take to get an interurban.
Don't get impatient-iti is big job.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-07-09

Clean your backwards and alleys. Do
not let rubbish accumulate.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-07-09

Colonel Roosevelt. has returned,
Gays the Kansas City Journal, but
can be come back?"
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-07-09

Now, we are ready for a good, hard
all-night rain.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-07-09

Be careful of fire. Everything is very
dry now. See that your store Nad fac.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-07-09

Wide tires help keep the roads good
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-07-09

Reno is now forgotten again.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-07-09
urTUMWA COURIER

tory are safe every evening before you
leave.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-07-09

DR.. J. c. 3 ~ I'm,
e:Iks Building. OTTUMWA, IOWA.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1910-05-27

A great opportunity to obtain beauti-
full summer gown, or graduation dress,
at small expenditure of money, and very
little dressmaking work. All these robes
are in lovely new patterns, beautifully
fresh and snowy white The embroidery
is so designed that the gown is very easily
made up. Ample material for any style
gown.
. Robes SlO5O each, sale, each Observation-Disclosures z, 90
. Robes Sl4 90 each sale each .33
Robe $l7 80 sale 81
Robes 500 90 each sale, each h......... S IL. .:}3
Robe sol 90, sale ..,......,............ .$l4 90
Robes s25 90 each sale, each. $l6 67
hand embroidered Robe s27 so sale ...,......SlS 80
hnnd embroidered Robe $50 90, sale. ...... 500. 90
hand embroidered Robe $32. 80 sale ....... $21 67
hand embroidered Robe, $4,000, sale S26. 81
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1910-05-12

On account of the increasing scar
city Of fur-bearing animals consider
able interest is being manifested in
the muskrat. Both the fur and the
meat are staple articles in some of
the markets OF the east and middle
west during the winter months. Farm
ers' Bulletin No 1876, THE Muskrat,"
gives description Of its general
habits, methods Of trapping, and the
value of its fur and flesh. 1t will be
sent free by senators, members Of
congress, and the secretary Of agri.
culture, Washington, D.. G.
The Oklahoma supreme court in
structed the secretary Of state to re-
ceiye and file a petition signed with
fifty.nine thousand names and sub
mftted by the Sons of Washington, y
secret society whose object 1t is to
restore licensed saloons and to Init
late movement looking to the en-.
actment of an amendment TO the
state constitution providing for high
license and local option in Oklahoma.
A woman professor Of music, who
recently died at Marseilles, has been
buried in her piano in obedience to
her final wish. She gave as her rea-
son for this strange request that the
happiest hours Of her life had been
spent III the piano Owing to the .great
size OF this original coffin n-immenae
grave had to be dug
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1910-05-12
LEyERTs!cG leads BAPTISTS.
Convention Of Southern Baptist
Church Meets Z. Baltimore.

Convention Of Southern Baptist
Church Meets II Baltimore.
Baltimore, Md.-The annual con-
vention Of the Southern Baptist
Church opened with about 1900 dele
gates in attendance, representing IA
southern states Joshua lowering Of
this city, president Of the last con.
vention, presided.
The convention organized by re-
electing Joshua Leyerlng, president;
re-electing former Lieutenant Govern
or William E. Tllyson of Virginia,
Hon. ]. j. Darlington Of the District
of Columbia, s. r. Brooks, president
of Baylor University Of Texas and
James Hardeman, N. c., vice presi-
dents, and electing Rev. DR.. Lansing
Burrows of Americas, Ca, and Rev.
DR.. O. F. Gregory of Staunton, Va,
secretaries and George w. Norton OF
Louisville, KY, rs treasurer
The address Of welcome was de-
livered by Richard H. EdmOnds OF
this city, who spoke feelingly OF the
great material growth Of the south
and voiced a warning against the pos
sibility OF this initiating against a
like spiritual growth.
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1910-05-12
MONEY FOX SOUTHERNERs.
eoEernmant win sy Sciops ci CherOkeeIndians
About $4.OOaOoO.

Washington, o. C---Uncle Sans
pay train is on the way to the sourn
with part or the S4,000.000 which viii
be paid to the descendants 81 the
Cherokee Indians who surrendered to
the government in 1885 land that now
constitutes part Of the states OF Geor.
gia, Tennessee, North Carolina and
Alabama. Each descendant Of these
old braves making up the tribe of
eastern Caerokees will receive s133.1g.
There are 30,876 names on the rolls
of the interior department who will
share In the distribution. Guion Mil
Ter. special commissioner of the Unit
ed States court Of claims, will make
the payments. He left Washington
with bundle Of drafts on the United
States treasury,
At the time Of signing OF the treaty
the Indians were marched oil thefr
land and conducted to the reservation
In what was then Indian Territory by
Chief Ross with an escort Of United
States troops. Most Of the descend
ants Of the original tribe have re-
NAMED on the reservation, but few
of them have come to the eastern
southern states and some of them now
own lands OF their own there and
others are engaged in farming for
plantation owners.
The prosecution of the claim of the
Cherokees was long task and was
conducted by Senator Owens, who was
then a practicing attorney, and an as
sociate, who has since died. The court
of claims issued the order for the pay
ment Of the Indians on May %, 1905,
and shortly after that date congress-
appropriated the money
Mr.. Miller has been working for the
past four years in preparing a roll Of
the Cherokees entitled to payment and
is now engaged In the last step Of the
satisfaction of the claim.
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1910-05-12
KAISER MEETS ROOSEVELT.

German Emperor is Cordial to Ex-
President Of United States.
Berlin, Germany. Theodore Roose-
yelt and Emperor William had their
first long conversation after luncheon
at Potsdam Standing apart from the
otner guests, they talked earnestly to-
gether for more than an hour.
The emperor's welcome to the form
er president was exceedingly cordial.
Wearing the white and gold uniform
of the Garde du Corps, with brazen
helmet surmounted by silver eagle,
with outspread wings, the emperor
appeared at the entrance Of the new.
palace on the arrival of the carriages
which brought Colonel and Mrs.
Roosevelt, Miss Ethel and Kermit TO
the palace gates.
His majesty advanced quickly and
shook hands warmly with each one OF
them. Later he presented his guests
to the empress and the entire party
sat down to luncheon at six tables.
His majesty had Mrs. Roosevelt at
his left and Mr.. Roosevelt was seated
between the empress and the crown
DrinCe.
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1910-05-12
CENSUS TAKING ENDS.
Sshsaules Of Enumerators ARE Arriving b
WASHINGTON.

Washington, o. C.--Like vast war
ship the census bureau here has
cleared its decks for action" In adj
diticn to the main building OF the bu'
rean, two others have been leased,
giving total floor space Of 10000
square feet, which is enough to &C
commodate the permanent census
clerks and the temporary force Of 81,
600 employees whose service will be
required during the coming summer
only.
The enumerators' schedules have
begun to arrive, but 1t will be sew
eral weeks before oficial announce
ment is made OF the total population
OF any city In the country. The pop
ulation OF the cities will be the rirst
tabulated, after which the states and
minor civil divisions viii be complet.
cd. C. Dana Durand, director OF the
bureau, announced that mo prelimi-
nary oficial statements will be issued
by the bureau until the established
count for each Of the different areas
has been made.
There will be no dough counts or
appropriations, he added, and no
sacrifice of accuracy for haste.
Work will be carried on night as
well as day. The punching machines,
semi-automatic and electrical, 800 in
number, will be operated night and
day Each machine can complete 81
600 cards in 7-hour day, which
means that all the machines at this
rate can dispose Of 45,000,O00 cards in
a month. by working IA hours a day.
Semi-automatic electrical tabulating
machines also will be used,
LeGrand Powers, chief statistician
Of the census division of agriculture,
does not expect to publish any infor.
nation regarding the farm census Of
1909 until September is, when he may
issue the first preliminary Bulletin CIV
ing for each state and territory the
totals derived from the tabulatiOn sep
arately of general farm data, the prin-
cipal crops and the live stock on farms
and ranges.
William M. Stuart, chief statistician
Of the census division Of manufac-
lures, has received about 10000 OF
the 100000 schedules involved in the
census of manufactures, mines and
Quarries. 1t is likely that an an
nouncement Of the totals for the Dis
trict of Columbia will be made some
time in June.
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1910-05-12
SUNDRY CIVIL BILL.
Panama Canal Gets $s7,s5s.sso-Tar-
iff Board 92sQ.OOo.

Washington, b. C.-TTie sundry civil
appropriation bill reported to the
house appropriates s11,84S,200, ST.
650,S60 less than the regular and sup
Elemental estimates. Included in the
bin is s37,S59,s9O for the Panama Ca
nal, which is reimbursable out of the
sale of bonds authorized for the con-
structiOn of the canal
The bill includes appropriations for
information for use Of the tariff board,
$3.50, 900; enforcement of antitrust
laws, 100000; river and harbor CON
tract work, S,051,42S, and investiga-
lions Of frauds By the department Of
justice, $4,000
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1910-05-12
DELAYED HONESTY.
$40 Lest IL Years Ago is Returned
to Owner.

10 owner
Chicago, llls-Mrs. Frederick Bru-
beck lost $40 while shopping in State
street twelve years ago. A young
woman, who gave her name as "A. N.
Honesty" found it the day it was
lost She has just returned it with
this explanation of delay:
Il kept the money when l found it,
for / needed it to pay my way to
tine country for a much needed rest
Since then I've never had enough at
one time before to return it. Now
that have, l return the sum-.
When she lost the $40 Mrs. Brubeck
was Miss Lillian Barrifal. In her lost
purse were visiting cards. A few days
ago she received a telephone call from
the finder Of the money and the $40
reached her VITA the explanatory
note.
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1910-05-12
MINISTER COWHDED.

Rev. Wilson Of Savannah Soundly
Whipped by Enraged Women.
Savannah, Gas--A few hours before
the council of the Isathern Church OF
the Ascension accepted his resigna-
ton, Rev. DR.. ]. H, Wilson was very
soundly cowhided by Mrs. q. H. Mon
sees at the door of his study in the
church building Her daughter, Miss
Meta, who, it was charged, had been
wronged, accompanied her and, When
her mother, WORKOUT with her exert
lions with the whip, sWooneds the
daughter was begging her to hand
the whip to her in order that the boz
laboring might continue Dr.. WtlsoA
made no effort to defend himself,
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1910-05-12
FRANKHEG PRIVILEGE ABUESD
Senate Will investigate the Free
Sending Of Mail Matter.

Washington, D. c.-'The senate is
in a fair way to enter upon an inves-
tigation into alleged abuses of the
Thanking privilege. Declaring that a
book of 48O pages in defense Of the
Payne-Aldrich tariff law, which is be-
ing circulated under the franks Of the
senate and members Of the house, con-
tains much matter that has not ap-
peared in The Congressional Record,
Senator Stone introduced q resolution
directing the senate committee on
postofices and post. roads to deter
mine whether the publication is enti-
tied to free circulation through the
mails Of the United States.
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1910-05-12
RaIna Heln Crope.

New Orleans, La.-That heavy rains
general Throughout Louisiana-naVe
been of incalculable benefit to crops
and relieved a tense situation as to
cattle raising, is indicated by full re-
nortS received from all section Of the
state. For practically Two months
there mad been no rain IN southwest
ern Louisiana, and as result both
crops and cattle had suffered seri-
ously.
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1910-05-12
Aid for MI1ieTs, Families Wanted.

! Montgomery, AIa.-Governor B.. B.
Conner issued proclamation urging
the people of the state 70 come 70
the aid OF the 200 families Of the
miners killed in explosions IN Mulga
and Palos mines, most OF whom are
in a needy condition.
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1910-05-12
ESTIMATES, OF POPULATION
Unofficial Population Estimates Show
Gains in Southern States.

Gains in Southern States.
Washinuton, b. C.-The census Of
fee issued unofficial estimates OF the
population of states as follows: New
York, 8,865,722; Pennsylvania, 1886
lit; Illinois, 5,816,745; Ohio, 4, 46z,76l;
Texas, 1851, 1893; Missouri, S,5S4'l45;
Kentucky, 2,437,714; Tennessee, 2,27S'-
ia; Mississippi, 1.812,74O; Kansas, l.
TOT, 490; Oklahoma, 1,6O1,54S; Arkan-
sas, 1,494,917. Estimated increase
since 1900, Missouri, 472,47O; Ken
lucky, 2S8, 53S; Tennessee, ~, O9S;
Texas, 815,1OS: Oklahoma, 1881, 1866;
Mississippi, PSI $50; Kansas, 2SO'S94;
Arkansas, 183,357.
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1910-05-12
SKATING ACROSS CONTINENT !.
Boy Starts Trip from New York to
San Frsneisco an Roller Skates.

San francisco on Roller Skates.
New York city.-Abraham Levy, a
Paterson, NJ j., newsboy aas Just LETT
New YORK on roller skates with San
Francisco IS his objective point he
is accompanied by Max Brody, an.
other youthful enthusiast, VINO Will
follow him ON bicycle, carrying the
necessary equipment. The boys car
ry note from Mayor Gaynor 70 the
mayor of San Francisco. fhey were
started from the New York City hall
by Weston, the pedestrian.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1910-01-29

produce here for less money than
you can get second rate goods in
Detroit.
Hundreds of Detroit people live
over here in summer and rent
homes. It's cheaper for them to go
to work in Detroit and pay ferry
rate than to stay in Detroit and pay
Detroit prices"
How does the tariff come in on
tbat?"
Here, I'll show you. See this
plug of tobacco? It's made in Eng
land. and this is a quarters worth.
The leaf in that plug was raised in
the United States, shipped to Eng
land. made into plugs and shipped
back here into Canada, and vet IL Is
better than other brands that sell
for lots more money in Detroit. If
1t wasn't, why would people from
Detroit come to my store and go
out with their pockets full of it?
"The duty on the tobacco, II ex-
ported 1851 feet across to Detroit,
would be $165 on each pound plug.
The retail price in Windsor is 81 a
pound. In Detroit it is SO a pound.
The brand is a well known world
standard"
"Cherney Is right" said ]. G.
Gangnier, the biggest real estate
operator in Windsor, House rents
here are as high as in Toronto-the
highest in Canada. Yet | rent all
the houses | have on my list every
summer to people from Detroit.
who say they save money living
here. They save it on what they
eat and wear"
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1910-01-29
WOOD WANTSALL
THAT IS COMING

James Wood, the laborer-owner of
the Raymond hotel building, COM
menced suit this morning against
the Peoples Clothing company to
recover over $500 in rents due on
the store at 329 Main avenue.
This is the third suit commenced
by Wood, all growing out of a me-
chanic's lien on the building, judg-
ment rendered, and sheriff's sale to
satisfy the Judgment. Wood bought
in the property, and is attempting
to collect the rent on the stores
and hotel, which aggregate $14OO
per month.
The total claim against the own
ers of the property amounted to
only $439.04.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1910-01-29
Special Investigator of The Spokane Press Parallels
Prices at These Border Cities Which River
and Tariff Wall Divides, and Gives
Remarkable Figures.
iff wall, is for all the world
as much of Detroit as any
part of Detroit itself.

as much of Detroit as any
part of Detroit itself.
1t exists by the grace of Detroit.
Its citizens gain their livelihood in
Detroit 1t finds all its amuse-
ments and much of it's recreation
in Detroit. But the invisible bar
rier is there-the high Payne-Ald-
rich tariff wall, monumental and
menacing.
Confronting tho American people
is a situation-the increased cost
of living-that has followed the
strengthening of this tariff barrier.
The situation is not merely an
economic coincidence" as the tar.
ifs apologists say, but n DIRECT
RESULT. as has been charged by
the people, of this barrier.
The difference between ne cost
Of living here and In Detroit shows
II. The deeper you dig into the
lives OF the people on both sides of
the Detroit river the palmer and
the more shameful is the fact that
Il is the tariff, and the tariff alone,
that Is lifting its power against the
peoples pocketbook in their strug-
gle to make both ends meet.
Take the man with the goose, for
instance. He was an elderly Ger
man workingman, and he crossed
to Detroit In the ferry that I took
back over there. ]. w. Lewis, dep
uty customs collector, signaled
man and goose inside his office.
"Feefty cent! Feefty cent! That's
all pay for him!" the owner of
the goose protested. waving II
above his head with emphasis.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1910-01-29
WILL SPEND
$4,000 FOR
A BUILDING

Court Royal, No. 19, Foresters OF
America, will award the contract in
a few days for modern two-story
brick business building and lodge
room to be erected on their ground
at the northeast corner Of Pacific
avenue and Browne street.
The building will cover the whole
of the ground, rs by 100 feet, and
will cost in the vicinity Of $4,000.
The bids are all in and the build
ing committee now has the award
ing of the contract under consider
alton.
One of the most modern lodge
rooms in the city will be located on
the second floor, while the first
floor will be fitted up for business
purposes. The plans were drawn
by Architect Albert Held. Court
Royal is one of the prosperous
lodges of the city. having a men,
bership in good standing of 1900.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1910-01-29
FINED $50 FOR
SELLING LIQUOR
TO BOYS HERE

Otto Klass, the porter and bar
tender at the Milwaukee bar, was
fined $50 and costs in the police
court this morning for disposing of
liquor to minors. A. N. Fisher, pro-
prietor of the place in which the
booze was sold, paid a fine of 81,
after explaining to Judge Mann that
he had not sanctioned the sale of
the spirits.
The minors are boys who work
as expressmen around the n. P.
depot. Several of them. including
Chet Ehlers, Lester Ball, Everett
Davie, Kid Hubbard and Kid Oshea,
are on trial this afternoon on a
charge of stealing hides.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1910-01-29
COMMENDS THE PRESS
ON STAND FOR POOR

= II am glad to see The Press .
= has a kind word and is will .
. ing to help the poor" said the .
. Rev. c. August Peterson. pas .
. tor of the Norwegian-D Danish .
. M. e. church. .
. When The Press told Of =
. the destitution In the Ellefsen =
. family recently ] brought Il y
. before the attention OF my =
. congregation the following =
. Sunday morning. We raised =
. SIS in cash and sent SIS more =
= worth of provisions to the aid =
. OF the family. =
Il was surprised AT the =
= number OF my people that =
. read The Press and through 4
. this medium were familiar =
- >~v<<HA4~tHtoHHG
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1910-01-29
WHERE TARIFF EXTREMES kEET- WHY LIVING IS
CHEAPER At WINDSOR, CAM, THAN ACROSS RIV

Flop! Lewis threw the goose
into a scales hopper. The dial
showed seven pounds.
"Thirty-five cents duty" Lewis
commanded.
But, meester! Feefty cent!
That's all | give for him. Thirty
five cent more It's too much!"
His complaints grew profane.
The peg legged negro army vet
eran who acts as porter at the GUS
toms office entered. He threatened
the disturber with the loss of both
goose and freedom. The 35 cents
was paid. Lewis grasping the goose
politely but firmly In one hand and
holding out a tariff manifest for the
Germans signature in the other.
And, having been relieved of five
cents a pound on his goose-which
Is the Payne-Aldrich tariff on
dressed poultry--this typical con.
sumner went up Woodward avenue,
asking an interested crowd:
Amt it damned shame?"
This is market day across the
river explained Collector Lewis,
"and lot of Detroit people do their
marketing over there. Most of them
buy their poultry undressed,
though" he added. "The duty is
only cent q pound on undressed
poultry.
"At that" calculated the collec-
tor, that fellow isn't out any. He'd
have to pay II cents pound for
that goose on this side"
''Do people buy anything but pro-
duce in Canada and bring II over?"
"Oh. yes. Here in Detroit they
go over and buy English clothes.
Here's an ad | noticed the other
day. They can buy an English
made SIS hat In Windsor for So.
They wear old hats on the ferry,
and throw them away when they
wear the new ones back"
Farmers in southern Michigan
and farmers in western Ontario are
the most prosperous in the world.
Both can produce food at the same
arbitrary cost. Why. then, should
the prices Of farm products be from
IL to 100 per cent higher in Detroit
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1910-01-29
WILL ENGLAND AND
RUSSIA Be BROUGHT
FACE TO FACE IN WAR?
Twelve Hundred Killed in Religious
War in Turkestan--Some of
the Complications.
ready the people Of Turkestan are

ready the people Of Turkestan are
becoming restive over reports Of
massacres and footing. Civil war is
threatened northward of Bokhara
and through Turkestan, by the dis
missal Of the prime minister, who
is suspected Of instigatng the con-
fIict. The dismissal of the official,
however, failed to check the war.
The foreign office here refuses to
discuss plans Of the Russian con-
centration movement of troops to
the Indian frontier.
1t may be that grave questions
are behind the quasi revolt, which
will bring Russia and England face
to face, with a problem neither ma
tion is ready to solve at present,
that of the political control Of the
seaports on the Indian ocean.