davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25
\ NEW KIND OF CORN FROM
CHINA.

small lot of shelled corn of a
kind that Is new to this country, was
sent to the U. S. Department of Agri-
culture from Shanghai, China, in 1908,
and tested the same season. 1t proved
to have qualities that may make 1t
valuable In breeding a corn adapted to
the hot and dry conditions of the
Southwest. The plants raised in the
test average less than 6 feet in height,
with an average of IL green leaves at
the time of tasseling. The ears aver
aged Ia inches In length and 1-3
inches In greatest circumference, with
s to 1S rows of small grains. On the
upper part Of the plant the leaves are
all on one side Of the stalk, instead of
being arranged in two rows on oppo-
site sides. Besides this, the upper
leaves stand erect, instead Of dropping
and the tips of the leaves are therefore
above the top of the tassel. The silks
of the ear are produced at the point
where the leaf blade is Joined to the
leaf sheath, and they appear before
there is any sign of an ear except a
slight swelling.
This corn is very different from any
that is now produced in America. It's
peculiar value is that the erect ar
rangement of the leaves on one side of
the stalk and the appearance of the
silks in the angle where the leaf blade
joins the sheath offer protected place
in which pollen can settle and fertilize
the silks before the latter are ever ex-
posed to the air. This is an excellent
arrangement for preventing the drying
out of the silks before pollination
While this corn may be of little value
itself, 1t is likely that, by cross breed
ing, these desirable qualities can be
impaired to a larger corn, which will
thus be better adapted to the South
| west.
The discovery of this peculiar corn
In China suggests anew the idea that,
although America is the original home
of corn, yet 1t may by some means
have been taken to the Eastern Hemis-
phere long before the discovery. OF
America by Columbus From des-
criptions in Chinese literature corn is
known to have been established in
China within less than a century after
the voyage of Columbus. But this
seems a short time for any plant to
have become widely known and used
Besides, this particular corn is SO diff
erent from anything in the New
World that 1t must have been devel-
oped in the Old World, and for that
to happen in natural way would take
very long time.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25
RUINS DAIRY TO And CHARITIES.

y
! Mrs. Scott Durand. Lake Forest Ill.,.
made profit Of $4,000 last year
From q herd Of sixty cows kept at her
model dairy. She used this money to
maintain free kindergarten in Chi
sago.
1 II became interested in the ques-
Zion of good milk for babies" said
Pdrs. Durand. recently, "and the more
J tried tho more fascinated I became
The outrages perpetrated upon the
people by careless and money grabb-
Sng milkmen made my blood boil, and
y made up my mind that I would show
them how to run dairy and make
money. and at the same time make
the dairy barn as clean and wholesome
as my own kitchen. And 1 am going
70 make my place beautiful and ia
nous
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25

The essentials In running an In
cubator are: "a To keep the eggs
at proper temperature (1o3 degrees
on a level with the top of the eggs).
(2) To give the eggs a steady current
of pure air. (3) To cause the evap-
Grafton of moisture from the eggs at
a normal rate. (4) To prevent the
eggs from resting too long in one
position.
The lamp should be of the best ma
terial and the wick of sufficient width
that the temperature may be main
tanned with low blaze.
The most satisfactory place for the
lamp is at the end of the machine,
outside of the case. The method of
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25
TO GET EGGS WHEN PRICES ARE
HIGH.

Provide warm dry houses for them
to roost in. Corn should only be
given for the evening meal during
cold weather to impart warmth to the
body All grains should be scattered
among straw or chaff to induce exer-
else. Green food and fresh water
should be given daily. Glover, if cut
very fine, scalded, and fed with a
sprinkling of ground grain In the
morning, allowing the hens to eat as
much as they will, will keep the hens
in health and will not cost as much as
grain. Also give meat and ground
bones to the fowls every day. This
way Of feeding is sure to give you eggs
in winter.-Mrs. C. Fish.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25
PROPER PRUNING
OF THE APPLE TREE
May Be Pruned Any time During
Dormant Period, But Early Spring
Is Preferred.
by Fabian GARCIA, New Mexico.

The apple Is the most cosmopolitan
Of orchard fruits and the one about
which there seems to be more varied
opinions in regard to the pruning of
1t. Every apple grower is confronted
every winter with the question of how
best to prune his trees. While prun-
Ing is a natural process it should be
avoided as smuch as possible as the
tree gets older. The heaviest pruning,
in proportion to the amount of tree
top, Is done during the first two or
three years of the trees growth. Dur
ing this time the apple tree should be
properly started and should be well
pruned SO that when it comes into
bearing 1t will not be necessary to
prune 1t severely.
| Two forms are generally considered
In the starting of the young apple
tree in the orchard, the low and high
headed tree. The choice of either one
of these forms depends, to great ex-
tent on the cultural methods to be
followed by the orchardst, and upon
the climatic conditions. The high
headed tree is perhaps better suited
| for northern and eastern conditions
while the low headed tree is better
adapted to the southern sections Of the
country.
The first pruning of the young apple
tree, after 1t has been transplanted to
the apple orchard, should be carefully
done as at this time we determine the
i height of the trunk. The top should
be cut back to about twenty to twenty
four inches from the ground. The
following spring number of limbs
will develop from the trunk. Three
to five limbs should only be allowed
4 to form the scaffold AT the next prun-
ing, the following spring, these scat
fold limbs are again cut back some.
what and any interfering limbs are
also removed. At the third and ever
the fourth pruning the limbs should
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25

and legs. An animal that has bad
legs. crooked or badly down at the
pastern should be rejected, because he
is apt to transmit this tendency to his
offspring, and of what use Is boar If
his offspring cannot carry their own
weight?
Perhaps this is a novel doctrine, but
of what use is superb form and
quality in a sire If his offspring can
not develop enough bone to carry them
to market?
Size is something that, until lately,
has been somewhat neglected. The
size demanded by the best breeders is
Just the size that, when mated with his
sows, will make the pigs that will
make the greatest growth in the least
time, and that at the least possible
expense Of feed. The actual size will
depend upon the feed, size of the
mother, etc. However, l think that
from 500 to 500 pounds at maturity is
not far wrong.
The next consideration is what Is
believed by many to be the very most
important. This is the bodily con-
formation. If the hog is to live at all
it must have a good, strong set of
vital organs-by these I mean heart
and lungs. The surest indication Of
these is deep body, well-set, broad
chest, and a broad heart girth. In
other words deep chest and set of
well-sprung ribs. The nose, too should
be broad and the nostrils FULL giving
large openings for breathing.
The head should be broad indicat-
| ing a good feeding capacity; the eye
bright. indicating wide awake nature
and the ear should be carried well
from the head, and should be of good
quality. A heavy ear indicates slug
gish disposition.
The hog must have, above all else,
good digestion and assimilative tract
| therefore he must have large and
! broad back, full underline and flank
to give room to the organs and q
strong well-arched back to carry them
The kidneys should be strong and
active; therefore we want strong and
| wide boar.
rump, well carried out to the tail
and a heavy ham to help maintain
/ symmetry and balance the weight If
the middle of the body in front of the
rear legs.
The hog is to be considered solely
as pork producing machine, there
fore, what he wants is good power
house-the lungs and heart, a goot
grinder with large capacity, the
mouth wide, and the broader the head
the wider the mouth, the greater 1T
capacity,
Add to this good machine room
in whisi1 to do the. work, and goos
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25
SHUTTING OFF DRAUGHTs.

Every crack, crevlce or hole in or
about the windows in which plants
are kept during winter. should be
closed by pasting paper over tha
smaller ones, stuffing with soft paper
or rags for the larger, and wherever
it can be employed, filing with we'll
beaten putty The sharpest cold and
fercest storms of the cold season reach
us between now and March, and
good protection is made by blankets
of newspapers tucked about the
plants--especially between them and
the window glass on cold nights.
Guard against damage II the fires
should happen to get low or go out.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25

and put pair of dogs in each cage
and sold them at the railway
every afternoon to northern and east
ern people when the train stopped
During May, June and July they
sold great many of these little dogs.
getting SO pair for them, including
the cage and when they were not able
to sell all their stock they sent them
in cages holding dozen to Chicago
man who sold them on commission.
If farmer boy likes to trap wild
animals and birds and lives where they
are numerous he should get in touch
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25
FARMERS, EXPORTS INCREASE.

Statistics show that nine billion dol
lars worth OF agricultural products
were exported from the United States
during the last ten years, according to
the bureau of statistics compilations.
Agricultural products exported dur
ing the fiscal year 1909 amounted to
5000, 100000.
While the agricultural group shows
a gain of over 500, 100000 during the
past decade, decreased expectation is
shown in staple farm products used
for food, such as breadstuffs, meats,
live cattle, etc.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25

There are six cross 2x4's on each
side, four below the feeding space and
two above. Across the top are 2x4's
nailed as a brace to stand the strain
when the bunk is being upset and the
rubbing and pushing of the cattle. It
has no bottom.
The bunk is light and two boys can
move it easily by simply upsetting 1t.
Every day or two the bunk should
be turned over once or twice to new
place and the stalks left to be cleaned
over by the hogs and serve as bed
ding for the steers until they are
worked up, ready to be hauled to the
field as manure.-W. H. Underwood.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25
FUuGATE THE CHICKEN HOUSE

| On sunny and pleasant day throw
plenty of grain among the litter on
the warm side Of the poultry house,
close the building up tightly and burn
about pound of sulphur. Have the
sulphur wrapped in q paper and place
1t in an old iron vessel. AS soon as the
khe paper starts to burning nicely. go
tout of the house at once. Let the
sulphur burn and smoke for an hour
or so. Late in the afternoon open up
the doors and windows-at the same
time feeding the chickens so they will
be kept busy for awhile and not want
to go into the poultry house.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25
FEED-BUNK FOR CORN FODDER.
n the accompanying illustration

In the accompanying illustration is
shown feed-bunk in which to feed
corn-fodder to cattle. It is IA feet
long, feet wide and ~ feet deep.
The sketch will give an Idea of its con-
gtruction. The four corner posts are
4x4s. The sides and ends are made
of 2x4's and space Of two feet wide
Is left for the cattle to feed through.
/ The 2x4's are spiked or bolted on
70 AKA pieces. Two upright pieces of
sx4's are on each side equal distance
from the corner. Between these are
two stub 2x4's coming up to the space
left for the cattle to feed through.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25
JANUARY SUGGESTIONS.

How about your incubator? See
that 1t is in perfect condition, for it
is time to get 1t started.
Take every specked apple out Of
your bins today. The wife needs them
for pies and sauce, and besides that
every apple with rotten spot in 1t
communicates its neighbors.
Nothing much doing out-of-door
these January days-sit right down
with your wife and decide fully upon
the kinds of fruit trees you want to
plant this spring Send in the order
right now, too.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25
A HANDY SLED.

The picture shows a sled made en-.
tirely of wood. No wires, nails, bolts
or iron pins are used. The top frame
rails of white oak sapling, squared; the
cross pieces were cut out of fiat oak
rails. The bottom frame rail an oak
sapling split with oval side up.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25
NuBB1Ns OF FARM NEWS.

Chas. Guerney Of Red Cloud, Neb.,
sold 1920 worth of cattle In one day.
He says he fattened large herd Of
cattle on alfalfa, sold $500 worth of
hay and has 500 tons left.
A maple tree twelve feet in height is
growing from the window of the court
house tower In Greensburg. Ind. A
second tree started last year near the
jarst one
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25
GOOD BUTTER IN WINTER.

Good butter can be made in cold
weather, but the cream should not be
kept too long. Add little butter
milk or sour milk to ripen it and do
not keep it longer than four or five
days. Do smaller cnurnings and have
better butter Turn the cream screw
to run a heavier cream in the winter
and the churnings will gather more
quickly.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25
Spring Pole and snnrl.

with men who buy them alive, and he
can certainly make a nice little sum
of money.
Even hawks and owls, in fact al
most any large bird not good for food,
will sell at some price provided you
can get in correspondence with the
people who want them.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25
SINGLE WORKING SAW.

A glance at this cross-cut saw shows
about the construction. Made from a
small hickory pole. a trif1e longer than
the saw and split ends pass over the
blade. Use but one handle, wind a
length of strong wire around the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25

The shoes or runners are Of split
hickory sapling and are fastened to
the frame with ~ inch pins. When
the shoes wear off the pins are to be
driven out and new shoes put on. The
tongue is made of q forked sapling.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25

while others did not, are now receiv-
ing their reward. The non-sprayers
have lost their trees, while those who
did spray saved their orchards
--B. r. T.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25

The little Indian Runner duck is
claimed to be the best layer Of the
duck family and, in some instances
has produced 100 to $50 eggs year,
according TIC the stories of those who
keep them.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25

Renew the pan of charcoal in the
hog lot. And while you are there nail
some extra boards around the bottom
of the pen, A drafty bed for the pigs
means trouble.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25

We have seen man treat 2 $3.50
horse as though he was worth only
s1.5G
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25
WORTH THINKING ABOUT.

The country is the breeding ground
of thoroughbred stock for the cities.
We must devote more attention to
selecting breeds that will produce
good quality of flesh II we make a suc-
cess of poultry business.
The great aim of every farmer
should be to grow such crops as food
for stock as impoverish the soil the
least and make the richest manure.
Haphazard feeding never increases the
bank roll.
Mate your animals In breeding with
reference to individual characteristics
as well as known pedigrees. The pedi-
gree alone will not always insure the
greatest merit in the progeny.
In choosing q breed OF cattle or arr
other class of live stock due consider
alton should be given to the question
of environment. Where one breed
would be failure another would per-
haps be success
Worn lace curtains can be mendee
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25

winners of our poultry shows. as we'll
as the choicest market fowls, are
Matched in incubators The fault with
incubator Matched chicks lies in the
treatment after Matching.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25

Worn lace curtains can be mendee-
by covering the tear with piece OF
lace or net moistened with starch and
pressed with a hot iron
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-01-25

and legs. An animal that has bad
legs, crooked or badly down at the
pastern should be rejected, because he
is apt to transmit this tendency to his
offspring, and of what use is a boar if
his offspring cannot carry their own
| 3o1,
New-York tribune., 1910-01-30

all he was able to learn was that it is COM
municated by the bite of the Gl0Ssind
PdlPdliS, a species of tsetse fly, a small
grayish black chap, the tips of whose
wings cross IN a swallOwtail' when
folded.
Within the infected areas of Uganda,
CnyorO, and UsOga. by the end of 1905 a
full twO-thirds of its population of three
hundred thousand people : ere dead of the
scOurge, notwithstanding ne enforced re-
mOval of well native eL masse to a dis
tance Of two or three miles back from lake
shore and streamsides. beyond the known
zone Of tSetse occupation, the isolation as
rapidly as possible of the sick upon islands
Of the lake, and the clearing away of trees,
jungle, and long grass in the vicinity of
Entebbe and Jinja.
Now it is sweeping south along Tan
ganika into Rhodesia east into German
and Portuguese territory. and has already
left a wide swath Of dead behind it in its
march round the north end of Victoria
Nyanza, through the province of UsOga,
and into the kavirondO country, where,
already far to the east of kiSunlu, 1t IS rap
idly ascending the watersheds Of the kuja
and Oyani Rivers toward the very heart of
British East Africa.
Moreover, DR.. COPELAND told me that
northern Transvaal a trader came in from
the French Kongo who brought the orli-
nous news that the caravan route behind
him was lined with sick and dying victims
Of sleeping sickness-dropped out of
marching caravan columns as they fell i'll.
Thus it is a threat already lowering close
about the great gold and diamond mining
industry of the central Transvaal.
Indeed, when, on January 19 of last
wear, the need Of food compelled me to de
scend into the Oyani valley from the kisii
Highlands, where | had been after ele-
phant. and [ there encountered Deputy
Commissioner Northcote and DR.. Baker,
engaged, with a large party of dskariS sol
diers), in building hospitals for the care OF
sleeping sickness sufferers, | was told by
them that mine would be the last safari to
be allowed to enter the province OF kls-
unu. for fear the pOrters might contract
the disease and scatter it north and east
through the PrOteCtOrate.
New-York tribune., 1910-01-30

ISIS vii mate with them on any whole
ls scale.
The black. nearer T. The primary brute
gr Of the beasts C1 his native jungle in
~ physical function -L4n Is the white
Il. The product II untold centuries of
.iisp-atio1 10 resisra-ce 10 he many per-
70 lie that lurk along The equator, en-
--e exposure 70 sun and other climatic
AS and easily recover from wounds no
NE nan could survive. even eats de-
ing flesh OF fish without being pOis-
I'd BY ptOmaInes. 50 eats without injury
illness OF anV SOFT except that ele-
-z1;iasis a terrible --la-gement Of the
1v usually Of the feet y lower limbs)
r7alent along the coast and about the
as Is attributed e. The consumption of
nd tsh.
Tie blacks are there there II uncounted
lions, there II population more dense
n that Of the wild -ribesmen CaiuS
-ius found occupying Britain Just before
e dawn Of the [hr----a- era. and. in ike
-z-ls-, I Is easily conceivable. Cesar and
Z .9ng string If D.r--,ls that followed
II through the neE- four hundred wears
2. Up 10 the last hour hefOre their final
-12on- constant le1ating whether
-a,1 was ever ultimately 10 become,
-aly Roman ..----rVl
Is ne history Of Roman Britain to be
-ss'ed n al ulr--a-- expulsion Of the
t invaders II -.-atOrial Africa
-rtless not. Ereral.- and Vet that ii
lt measuTably r--eated | am much
NED 70 believe. re- ea-ed TO the extent
t.entlon Of It's alton by whites
Eliminating numbers.
New-York tribune., 1910-01-30
Diseases Terrible Toll

OOKING down on the beautiful palm
IL lined valley of the Oyani, far as the
eve could see the country was brown with
fields Of ripening metama, gray with the
grass rooted villages bright with the PIE
bald herds Of cattle and sheep OF the thrifty
KaVirondO, five thousand OF whom were
then sick Of the disease-whlch means as
bad as dead Of it-and most all OF whom
confront practically certain eXterm1na-
ton in the next four years.
Over the entire field of its prevalence
doubtless close to a half-million people are
dead Of the sleeping sickness since It's trSt
observation in 1891
While crossing the lake from klsumu
TO Entebbe, / met Captain r. PerdVal
Mackie Of the Indian medical service one
Of Sir David Bruce's large staff OF physl-
clans and nurses, Just in from India on
two wears detail for further close study OF
the disease. Sir David had preceded hlIn
a few weeks and already had established
two hospital camps, one about MIDWAY
between Kampala and J1nJa, another |"
the east of jinja, IN Usoga.
And there now on the very flrlng line
this devoted but numerically puily HIIie iI
band Of soldiers Of science stands coolly
battling virtually at death grips, with the
roonsteT the monster that, remaining un-
controlled for vet few years, IS the one
rotentialitv that can quickly ana sureiy
make equatorial A Africa fa+ il Thltf Ina claimed ma
cornraratively few white victims not oi'iy
do the e. blacks easily become infected but
all who get it die ot II: a1,oosas the
Indeed cutting out, if 1t so chooses; CliI
economies and the humanltles ol lle -. "a. al
situation could the civilized W"Ili leiiiLt 11t
what vi terrible sacrifice fne1 Of h1n4a bnd id 6nt cSn
ensue If the sleePlns eInl4 20 o., European Aneri
fF'Ye to Asian ss9 shores that such disaster is
6e ao6 impossible proved @ dsyvsSped 6y tRs tef' ani nai
often caseS fte- ',I anv possibility Of infection,
"nis mo- hH the I1e further fact that it is not yet
3 detely Gs y L@@a s that the the % @9'G150 sy n%5 OF
coT1Innnicate the disease scleiLliio froJ+
fom ans all M0e the great powers of Of snsy the ~oTd 5d
bent on - a Jonlii (on late But that the monster
tore tore IT. ~ ~a1 ~SanoIerd before it IS too late the
WIZ De ~ 80. aud recent accomplish