The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1910-04-26

Sunshine, Temperature, Moist
ure and Rich Soil Essential.
All Lands In Wester, Arid Regions
Not Adapted to Its Rapid Growth
Best indication Of Soil 10
Native Vegetation.

Perhaps the most essential condi
tons for the production of alfalfa are
abundant sunshine. high summer
temperature, sufficient moisture. and a
rich. deep. well-drained soil. All of
these essentials. save moisture, exist
naturally In the arid regions of the
United States, and when water is sup
piled 1t makes the conditions ideal.
Although alfalfa can be successfully
grown under wide range OF soil con-
ditions, yet all western lands are not
equally well adapted to its growth.
For this reason those who are seek
Ing such lands with view to their
purchase should first make a careful
examination of the character and
depth of the soil, it's behavior when
irrigated, the slope and evenness of
the surface, the presence of injurious
salts, and the facilities for drainage.
One of the best Indications of the
character OF the soil is the native
vegetation. When sagebrush, buffalo
grass. or cactus is found on a tract
1t is reasonably certain that the soil
Is fertile, easily titled, and we'll
drained. On the other hand, the pres
ence OF greasewood. saltwort, salt
weeds, or similar plants is indicative
OF a heavier soil, less easily cultivated
and irrigated. and containing more or
less of the Injurious salts usually
grouped under the common name of
alkali
In the arid regions most cultivated
plants are deep rooted. They draw
their supply of plant fod and moisture
from considerable depths, and the
deeper the soil the larger is the feed
Ing ground for the roots and the great
er is the capacity to store water. The
presence Of any impervious stratum
lying between the first and fifth foot
prevents deep roofing and the storage
OF moisture. A hard stratum lying be-
tween the fifth and tenth foot is like
wise Injurious, but to a less extent.
The character of the subsoil may be
readily determined by boring holes,
with suitable soil auger, to a depth
OF ten feet, II necessary, and taking
OF soil at different depths. It
will be possible usually to find under
irrigation In near by fields soils SIM
liar to those being examined, but II
this is not possible a trial may be
made on a small scale to determine
how the soil acts under irrigation. In
general, sandy loans irrigate we'll;
clay Is hard to cultivate when wet.
does not absorb water readily; and
bakes and cracks when drying; while
soil which is too sandy will not re-
tain sufficient moisture to maintain
crops.
The most favorable condition for IT.
rigating Is smooth surface, with a
uniform slope Of ten to twenty feet to
The mile. Such land costs little to put
into shape for the spreading of water
over 1t, and the slope insures good
drainage Sometimes the land is cut
up by ravines which increase the labor
and cost of putting water upon it, or
It may have too much or too little
slope. In other cases it is full of buff
[alO or hog wallows which are diff
suit to bring to an even grade. If land
which is naturally smooth on the sur
ACE and Of the right slope costs five
dollars per acre to prepare for irrigat-
ing. hog wallow land may cost SIS.
Besides, some hog wallow land is in
erfor in quality frequently being
charged with injurious salts.