davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20

developed arboricultural industry to proceed
hand in hand with the preparation Of quebracho
posts for fences and construction work. sleepers
for railways. and OF tanning extract. the three
Industries for which this unique tree Is at present
utilized.
"Rollizos' is the Spanish word commonly en-
ployed in the trade for the rough and untrimmed
logs (which the word means), from which only
the bark has been removed. They are still sup
piled by smaller camps from dwarfed under
growth not great enough for other purposes than
posts beams. cabin pillars. or cart axles. When
the forest was hrst invaded these logs we're the
only product brought Of It, and the stories told
Of the primitive methods adopted by the natives
for transport carry one back before the days Of
steam and machinery. popular way Of loading
the logs was to lay them on the ground ropes
then the animals were embarrassed and the cart
was tilted bodily upside down the logs;
these were>then made fast the body Of the cart,
after which maneuver 1t brought back to its
normal position. OF course only two-wheeled carts
were used. As modern methods were In
troduced. and better carts wagons became
known. these primitive and cumbersome habits
disappeared although in the far interior even to-
day rollizos are still brought to market in this
manner. "Durmientes" according to the Spanish
sleepers. in the English idiom. are probably the
most important product of the quebracho Of the
Argentine Republic.
The industry Of making sleepers has assumed
huge proportions The difficulties Of former days
have been largely overcome by the Introduction
OF modern machinery, especially saws. and some
railway, equipped and organized in a manner
which would reflect credit on any similar plant in
the United States. Special needed to
penetrate the wood. but they are furnished from
the factories Of England France. and America
This mill business is carried on by many COM
panies. although the tendency is to concentrate
the management into fewer but larger organiza-
lions. One company owns tract Of land of about
100000 acres. and is prepared to cut timber.
fashion It into logs and sleepers. prepare tanning
extract and utilize other resource which the
land provides Another company can turn out
10000 10000 sleepers a week This number. how
ever can by no means meet the steady demand
for railway building which is characteristic Of this
portion Of South America Sleepers laid at
about an interval OF two feet from center to CEN
ter. Assuming. therefore. only 1000 sleepers for
every mile 1t will be seen that 10000 enough
for only Is miles years supply at fullest capac-
ity will consequently build only $50 miles of rail-
way. But the Argentine Republic. Uruguay. Chile
and Bolivia all contiguous to the Chaco. con-
structing more than this mileage that 1t is
easy to that every sleeper turned out from
modern mills at find local market
These sleepers are now finished at the mill, and
the mill is situated at the In the forest itself
most convenient for carrying the process.
Quebracho extract prepared for tanning skins
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20
RIGHT TIME FOR IRRIGATION
Nature Of Crop. Soil and Weather re
Important Factors In Determin-
ing PuzzIing Question.

When should water be applied? This
Is question in which no definite an
swer can be given. except that water
should be applied before the plant
shows signs Of distress. 1t therefore
follows that the time when water
should be applied cannot be deter.
mined by watching the plant. Thrifty
growth should characterize the plant
and crop from start to finish. Even a
small degree Of drought will induce
some plants to enter upon maturing
processes and then a new moisture
supply may start an undesirable new
growth rather than promote the old.
Many irrigators decide when their
crops would be watered by an exam
nation Of the soil. A rule which has
been frequently given. is to take a
handful of earth from a few inches be-
low the surface and press 1t in the
hand. If. when released. the soil holds
together in ball. and shows the
marks of the fingers. irrigation is not
necessary. but II II does not hold to-
gether water should be given. The
time when crops should be irrigated.
depend. then. upon the nature of the
crop. the soil and the weather. SO that
ho dates can be suggested for any To-
cality.
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20


portion not reserved for posts and sleepers for
this extract InAParaguay and areas In the Chaco
remote from good roads, SO that the cost of sup
plying timber is excessive every particle of the
wood is turned into extract. because the demand
is usually In advance of the supply and 1t Is there
fore more profitable to manufacture the more
concentrated article. which can be easier and more
economically carried to market.
One feature of quebracho. in which 1t is su-
peror to other sources Of supply. is that the bark
the sapwood. and the whole Of the central part
Of the tree produce the extract in considerable
quantities. The bark contains to per cent. of
tannin. the sap to per cent. and the heart 20
to rs per cent As the heart represents two-thirds
and often three-fourths of the total quantity Of
wood. the amount of tannin I'm the Quebracho colo
rado is seen to be considerable. II Is merely q
chemical question whether this tanning material
Is equal or inferior to that from the oak but later
methods of preparation point to full Justification
OF the claim that the leather from guebracho ex-
tract grades up to that resulting from any other
tanning substance. So serviceable is Il. however
that since its discovery the tanning industry of
the Argentine Republic has made noticeable ad-
vance. because. with both hides and extract as
great natural products of the country. the
ment is making every effort to foster the leather
industry within its own border.
"Quebracho extract as It is called In the trade
is easily manufactured when the machinery Is
once installed All the wood Is passed through
a machine that cuts II into shavings the small
mense kettles. in which It is treated BY chemical
processes until all the tannin Is removed: after
this the fluid preparation is reduced by evapora-
tion to a thick. telly-like mass. which is poured
into sacks where 1t is finally dried into the sub
stance sold In commerce
The diniculty Of gathering the raw material far
outweighs the preparation Of the finished article.
especially as the extract Is no longer to be con-
sidered a by-product. but IL coming to have more
Importance and value than posts and sleepers- In
Paraguay particularly. where all the wood Is util-
lied for extract the hardest part Of the business
lies in gathering wood for the factory. The trees
are cut in the heart Of the virgin forest and
hauled by OK teams to the nearest clearing Only
native Indians have proven themselves suitable
for the work. as they are thoroughly acclimated.
understand the wilderness, and can Withstand the
plague Of insects which make life at night mis-
cradle for the foreigner: and exposure for nights
as well as days is unavoidable. because the cut
ting stations are usually remote from any settle
ment.
In 1895 the first real expectation Of quebracho
extract from the River Plate recorded The
increase has been rapid-from 400 tons in the first
year to 5000 tons in 1902 120.594 tons in the
five years. and 2s.l95 In 1907. OF this guam
tty the United States received 17.733 tons. al
most IS per cent
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20

farmer may raise the best and
biggest crops In the country and yet
be the biggest failure as a man and
a neighbor.
We should always be ready to help
shoulder the burdens of our weaker
neishbors so far as We are able. but
there is no need to go abont boxing
for loads that do not belong TO as.
The Dual-purpose COW Is tooo often
owned by ropurpose man. ~
Because a community cannot afford
stone roads. there is no excuse for
poor ones. A split log will do the
business.
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20

Hellebore is especially recommend
ed for use in the destruction of goose
berry worms and the larvae of saw
flies. 1t is a yellowish powder made
from the roots Of American or Euro
pean Hellebore. 1t is less poisonous
than the arsenicals and loses Its
strength when exposed to. the air for
any great period. 1t may be applied
dry or mixed with water. II used dry
1t may be mixed with flour or lime
or may be busted on the plants in
pure form. II used with water the
proportion is at the rate of one ounce
to three gallons.
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20
RESERVOIR is A NECESSITY
Highly Important There Be Some Re-
serve Supply Of Water for Use
In Emergencies.

tBy b. p. FLEMING. New Mexico Agri-
cultural College)
1t seldom requires more than one
seasons experience with a pumping
plant to convince the operator or
owner that reservoir In connection
with the plant is an eminently desfr-
pumping plant which will operate day
In and day out through the entire
season without some serious diniculty
arising has not yet been built and
these difficulties. frequently causing
a shut down for several days or a
week at a time. quite Invariably occur
when the crop Is in most need of
water. A shut down at such a time.
particularly with garden crops or
melons. may mean the loss of the
crop and It is highly important, there
ply OF water against such emergen-
cies.
There are also other arguments in
favor Of the reservoir. among which is
the fact that by means of a reservoir
1t Is possible to make use of greater
head" of water when irrtgating than
is yielded by the pumping plant since
the discharge of the pump for sew
eral hours may be retained by the
reservoir and then rapidly drawn OF
through a good-sized ditch to the
place of use. BY SO doing It is pos
sible to cover a larger amount OF
land with the same quantity of water
than would be possible with a small
stream. q fact which every practical
irrfgator recognizes. Moreover. by
use of reservoir 1t is possible to ir-
rfgate probably a much larger area
with q small pumping plant than
would otherwise be possible. since the
plant may pump water into the reser.
votr IN the night time and during In
tervals between irrigatlons, reducing
IN this way the standby expenses or
length of time during the year that
the large plant would be idle and dur
ing which time interest charges on the
plant and depreciation keep accumu-
lattng the same as though 1t were In
operation.
A reservoir suitable for the pur-
pose should not be an expensive piece
Of work. The chief consideration. of
course. Is water tightness. but by use
OF straw or manure on the adobe bot
tom and banks. and trampling or pud-
ding thoroughly while wet by driving
sheep or goats about the basin. a very
compact water-tight surface may be
secured.
Pigs are equally effective II al
lowed to wallow In the reservoir
when it is nearly dry and a vigorous
and sufficiently long continued tramp.
ing by men provided with rubber
boots will frequently work wonders
in preventing seepage.
Where adobe or clay is not found
on the site 1t will pay to bring 1t
from distance and spread a layer
six to eight inches thick over the
bottom and sides. Mix 1t with straw
and puddle as above described.
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20

Is believed by the aborigines to be a
mountain of death. and nobody has
dared to ascend 1t before. The abo-
rhymes. being in great fear. warned
the party not to break branches Of
trees nor make loud noises nor throw
stones. and finally they refused to pro-
coed further. In spite Of this the
party proceeded and reached the sum-
init at last. Seeing this. the abo-
rhymes were quite surprised at the
bravery of the japanese. The noun
tain is reported to abound in valuable
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20
MATERIAL FOR A BOOMERANG

writes Day Allen Wiley. in st. Mich
olas. Several expert throwers in this
country. however. have fashioned their
own boomerangs not only of celluloid
but of heavy cardboard. II the card
board does not get wet. 1t makes a
serviceable missile. Strange to say.
celluloid is excellent for the purpose.
because 1t is light. very hard to break
and can be worked into the peculiar
curve and twist which are so neces-
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20

Sell short ton OF coal?' he ech-
oed. raising his hands in protest.
Why. my dear man. II that should
happen. 1t would weigh on my con-
science the rest of my life"
Well. responded the customer.
with much feeling. IF 1t didn't weigh
any more on your conscience than 1t
does on your scales. I don't think you
would notice II much"
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20

How many farmers know that air is
as necessary to the soil as water?
A good farmer hangs out his sign
In the shape OF silo or manure
spreader.
1t is not bad judgment for a hus-
lirg young farmer to go into debt for
the farm machinery he actually needs,
provided he takes care of II.
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20
Couldn't Use It.

He doesn't seem to be a practical
man."
mo, and he hasn't the least bit Of
faith in himself He is always build
ing castles In Spain. and yet when
tried to get him to study Spanish he
turned up his nose"
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20
The Cut She Wanted.

Good morning. Mr.. Cleaver,' said
the blushing young bride to the BUTCH
err. What have you nice this morn
ing?"
Il have cuts Of all kinds, Mrs.
Birdy." replied the butcher. ANY kind
you ask for will let yoa have"
Fine" said the lady. 81 will take
cut in the price of beef-about so
FER cent, please."-Harper's Weekly.
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20
Mountain Of Death.

An exploration party recently as
cended Mount Taibu. one of the lofti-
est in Formosa, 1900 feet above the
sea level.
When the party reached an aborig-
inal village 1.-THE Puma tribe) halfway
up the mountain. they employed 81
aborigines to accompany them and
continued the ascent This mountain
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20

The difference in price between
scrubs and well-bred beef steers is
from 81 to So hundredweight in
favor of the beef steer This is in
addition to the cost of the feed, which
is always more for scrubs.
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20

Bacon-What's the matter With
Bob. today? He looks as mad as a
hornet.
Egbert-Oh. guess this is the an
niversary of his wedding.-Yonkers
Statesman.
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20

Speaker Cannon at a dinner in
Washington. said. soothingiy. to .
youg suffragette:
AFTER al. you know. there is room
for both men and women in This
world. Men have their work to do
and women have theirs.
1T Is the woman's work to provide
for the inner man, and it is the mans
to provide for the outer woman"
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20
celluIoid Is Excellent Because Of
Lightness, Hard to Break and Can
Be Properly Curved.

The material ofwhich the boomerang
$ made is a feature which must be
considered. II can be fashioned of
ash or hickory. but can also be cut
3r stamped out OF celluloid and hard
rubber. Boomerangs are now being
sold In two or three American cities.
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20

Ben was putting on his shoes one
morning, when his mother said:
why, Ben, you have your shoes on
the wrong feet
why. mother" replied Ben, they
tor.
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20

II see you employ number OF old
men,"
II do"
How old are they"
TOO old to be Interested In canoe
Ing or nandolins.. or race horses. or
girls. or tennis. That makes them
fine for work "-Washington Herald
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20
Profanity Of HIs Profe.sion.

Who is that scientific gent in room
49, asked the scrub woman.
Il dunno. answered the broom gen.
tleman.. But he's a funny one to
swear. You ought to hear him. When
he saw a lot of mold on top Of his ink
he said. "Bcillus.'' just that way
Chicago Tribune.
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20
Examples Of Inten.ixe AarieuIture,

Gardens that are well cultivated and
properly managed are good examples
OF intensive agriculture. Here we pro
duce large crops on a small area. 1t
is possible only when care is taken to
give the proper cultivation at the right
time.
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20

All preparations should be made for
canning before peaches ripen. Neglect
to make arrangements for the Gamer.
cans and sugar may cause serious
lcss- Have everything ready
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20

WELL suppose you heard the
news?"
What news?"
THAT have married Miss UgIa-
mugge."
You'll never get a Carnegie hero
medal for that; those medals are for
bravery. not for foolishness."-Fort
Worth Record
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20

There are soma strong features
mentioned in Mrs. Fakits boarding
house advertisement"
Then I'll bet she put in the butter
and left out the coffee.
American.
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20
HOWARD E. BURTON. AssAYtR & CHEMIST

Specimen prices: Gold. -iIv-r' lead. 81: gold
silver. asca gold. soc. enc or copper. 81.
application Control and umpire work So
icited. Reference. Carbonate National Bank
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20

sary to give the boomerang its force
and direction.
The Lamar register., 1910-07-20
DENVER DIRECTORY

RON |. LOOK psa,. yn n gu kinds Of MER-
log mailed free. Cor. lsth 4 Blake. Denver
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1910-05-24

A Way TO Measure II Without the Use
Of instruments.


Of instruments.
Ii Is necessary TO make use only or
the eyes and the brim Of a hat to
measure the width Of any ordinary
stream or even OF good sized river,
and here is the way to do H.
Select part VI the river bank where
the grounds run back level behind
you and, standing at the waters edge.
Ak -FOUR eyes on the opposite bank.
Now move your hat down over your
bruE until the edge OF the brlm Is
exactly on u line with the water line
on the other side. This win give you
a visual angle that may be used on
any level surface. and II. as has been
suggested, the ground on your side OF
the river be fat you may LAY or a
corresponding distance on 1t. To do
this you have only TO hold your head
perfectly steady. after getting the an
gle with your hat brim, supporting
your chin with your hand II neces-
sary and turn slowly around until your
back Is toward the river. Now, take
careful note OF where your hat brim
cuts the level surface OF the ground
as you look over the latter, and from
where you stand TO that point will be
the width Of the river, distance that
may readily be measured by stepping.
II you are careful in all these de-
tails you can come within a few feet
of the rivers width.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1910-05-24
A RARE COIN.
Il 10 Called a "Misstr.Ns" and ls Very
Seldom sen.

Seldom sen.
"See this penny got today at the
postoffice," said the cashier. There
aren't FIVE other pennies like 1t in the
United States"
He handed out cent piece with the
die impression half of the face Of the
coin and with a big half moon OF
blank metal showing along one side.
"They call 1t a misstrike." he con-
tlnued. Perhaps once in 100000
times the two little notched fingers on
the mlnting machines that grip the
blank disk and draw 1t forward TO the
die fail to spring away. In this CO sc
the left hand finger stuck and pushed
the coin halfway over the die. That
is how the Impression is only half on
the disk.
"You can see the raised edge on the
blank portion Of the metal" the CASH
Ter went on as he took up his pen. ut
isn't everybody knows that each coin
goes under the dies twice. The first
time It Is struck with a blank. dome
shaped set Of dies to put an edge on
the disk. Then 1t gets the regular -
with the familiar head on II.
whats 1t worth? oh, I'll say prob
ably S25 or so. see It's been In cir
culation for nine years. It's wonder
some coin collector hasn't nabbed It.
Pm going to keep 1t as a rarity
New York Times.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1910-05-24
SENSE OF HEARING.
Sound Waves and the Way They Act
Upon the Ears.


Upon the Ears.
The detection OF the direction Of a
sound by the sense OF hearing is, like
the rapid focusing Of the eye on OBJ
jects at different distances. one OF
those instructive operations which are
continually done without any conscious
method.
Sound waves traverse the air as rip
Piles stir the water. and the ear by ex-
perience acquires some slight power OF
detecting the direction In one case. as
the eye does with FAR greater accuracy
In the other. Usually we unconscious
ly receive assistance from other senses
as well. Often we fail TO locate at
once some hidden source Of sound.
such as a singing bird. and then our
instructive ingenuity displays itself.
The intensity Of sound is. Of course.
by no means so great behind a screen
as In front OF II. and every one carries
with him the screen Of his own head.
which may prevent a particular sound
from being heard so well by one ear
as by the other. II, then, the head Is
turned until this inequality disappears
and both ears hear equally well we
know that we must be directly facing
or turned from the source OF sound.
and our previous rough Idea OF Its
whereabouts generally prompts US to
face II.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1910-05-24
WOMAN RIDES OVER ANDES
Mrs. UpIohn Returns from $4,000
Mile South American Trip

After an $4,000 mile trip through
South America, Mrs. Frederick Law
renee Upjohn has recently arrived in
New York. During her trip, which
lasted six months, Mrs. Upjohn had
many novel experiences. including a
thrilling ride on muleback in the
heart of the Andes. From Monteyi-
dec on the east coast Mrs. Upjohn
went by boat down through Magellan
strait up the West coast to Corral,
and thence by train to Santiago de
Chilli
"At Antofogasta,' said Mrs. Upjohn
I'VE began a months hard railroad
travel up through the nitrate fields,
past the great borax lake, the salt
lakes and the lava beds of the DESC
late way that leads to Oruro. AT Or.
uro, $4,000 feet above the sea, suf-
fered with headache and nosebleed. l
soon got over that and stayed week
at La Paz. the capital of Bolivia.
"Oroya.we found miserable little
kdian Town. We had a wretched
dinner and a cold room, so was eag-
er to be off early the next morning.
But | awoke to find that the land
slides had come during the night that
no trains were running and that |
might be shut in for two or three
weeks. AS was to sail on steamer
| telegraphed to Lima, the railroad
company replying that they would
send a train as far as the first land
slide one hour out of Lima, II we
could get there on muleback.
Others were marooned besides
myself-all men--and after a confer
ence we decided to take the risk. The
rain was coming down steadily and
the Indian guides we're reluctant to
make the trip. At last, by threats
and offers of big pay. we got several
guides and enough mules to carry
a O'Clock in the afternoon we
,Sfted of. The heavy stirrups chat
I'd my ankles terribly, but l knew
the journey must be made.
"Once we had to withdraw to the
! inside OF the trail to allow llama
pack train to pass. In the wan light
tthe mountains frowned down on us
land the rain cut our faces,lt seemed
ENDLESS, this creeping cautiously
&png steep, slippery stone lodges.
ri was faint and tired. and once at
dizzy point, when looked down
10 yayuing tbyss, | became quite
sick and tumbied on the mule.
Il remounted but my nerve was
gone. At the most perilous places
! dismounted and walked. / had fe.
yer blisters on my lips and my hands
shook terribly"