The Carlisle independent., 1910-07-21
4 .s4lE.z3ZL BE71IE5Y "Z17E cHHcO" JTiYO CIVILIZATION

the South American Chaco has become so comme cially important that it be understood to sign sy only that one tree and nothing else.
 The genuine quebracho tree is found in Braz Paraguay and the Argentine Republic. There al two important varieties and a third has been di tinguished although it has no great signifcant botanically value commercially Locally and in the trade the names given are Quebracho colorado (red) and Quebracho blanco (whitel. Quebracho colorado has the scientific designation of Lox-
 'pterygium lorentzi and belongs to the order of Anacardiaciae. This is the particular tree from which both the sleepers and the better quality of tanning extract are derived The other, Quebra- cho blanco, Is neither so straight so service able the red variety. but is nevertheless of definite commercial value as it furnishes tanning extract and the logs be used for fence posts and axles. From 1t is taken also drug extensively used for bronchial diseases; in fact, a plant it studied for this purpose long before its other advantages were exploited. The scientific name is Aspidosperma quebracho.
 Railways must have sleepers which to lay their rails. In some instances wooden ones are
 imported at great expense, or substitutes there for used if climatic conditions favorable. As a rule, however, it is preferred to take SUD- plies from native timber whenever procurable. This was the case in the Argentine Republic when railway building away from the coast had begun, and no more fitting wood could be discovered than that recommended by the natives, both by the name and by the experience of those who had used It. The QueDfacno 8OOQ proved Tar the most serviceable for sleepers on South American railways, and it's reputation grew steadily that today many miles of European rails are supported by sleepers brought from the River Plate.
 In one respect quebracho resembles rather hogany than oak or pine The trees do not grow
 in clumps or groves, but are dispersed through the forests and the less dense woods, singly or in groups seldom than four five to the acre The tree itself is tall about two or three feet in diameter. and is crowned by rather thin. oval or V-shaped, mass of branches and leaves. The white quebracho is somewhat smaller than the red and begins to branch lower to the ground, that 1t is not hard to distinguish them from each other. The leaves oval, lance shaped smooth, somewhat shining and leathery; they do rot fall completely in the winter, but cling to the branches in company with the fruit. The tree seems to thrive best on sandy soil, where the at mospherjc moisture is not very great, but where abundant water is provided for the roots, either by dews sufficient rain It Is neither tain river growth, but lives best in the sub tropical stretches between water courses Al though the age of the tree has been given measured by hundreds of years. 1t is we'll enough established that at ten years from planting the first small shrubs big enough to for posts The future promises, therefore, opportunity for the actual cultivation of quebracho because although savage inroads have been made into the supposedly inexhaustible forests of the Chaco, 1t Is not too late to restrict the cutting of the or to adopt modern forestry methods of planting and conservation for the supply of com ing generations In fact, the Argentine Republic has already passed suitable laws in this direction and 1t is more than probable that under the wise adminisustjon of that government there will be