davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14
EEDL- EWORk NOTES.

A pair of crocheted bedroom slip
pers to use in the summer can be
made of the mercerized cotton. which
comes for the purpose. Use pink and
white, blue and white, lavender and
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

From the constant preachment of
the danger to human beings of germs,
there can be no doubt that some in :
terest is finding it profitable to create
fear among the people. Germs ars
not of modern crea ton, and they are
doing no more harm now than t1ey
did 100 years ago. when they wei e
unstudied and no alarms were being
raised with reference to them. AS
to these germs there is no doubt that
they are in the air by millions-on
everything that lives or grows in the
atmosphere AS a scientific buga boo
this is being worked beyond the lin
it. Ice cream is no more susceptible
10 germs than it has uhen for an age
it is just as palatable as ever, ana
the summer girl. who is supposed to
live upon it and bonbons exclusively,
never dies So there you are-eat,
drink and be merry, for you will not
die until your time comes.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14
CREATING FEAR.

Another popular and supposedly in
nocuous Indulgence is TO be taken
away from US by the scientific sharks.
Nothing" says DR.. Harvey, the
official chemist lis more Injurious to
the youth of the country than the per
nicious habit of eating ice crea m
during the heated term. To begin
with. there are all sorts of germs that
are likely to be lurking in the cream
from its being exposed only a short
time to the action of the sun and air,
and then it is liable to contain any
number of harmful substances. =
Queer how few ice cream eaters show
up either germs or ubstances.-Wa-
terbury American
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14
Tasty Nut Sandwiches.

Delicious nut sandwiches are made
of almonds, English walnuts and hicl-
DRY nuts ground fine, moistened with
mayonnafse dressing and spread on
buttered slices of bread which are
sprinkled with a little grated cheese.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

remove from the fire and add the
yolks of three eggs beaten up with a
cupful of milk Turn the sauce and
the spaghetti into buttered pudding
dish and bake in hot oven until the
dish is nicely Drowned.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14
Oranoeade

Cook nine tablespoonfuls of sugar
with three glasses of water about
three minutes and pour over the yell
low rind of three oranges. having re-
moved all the white from the rind-
Let this cool Then add the juice of
six oranges and three lemons and six
or seven glasses of cold water. Serve
very cold.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

If the diet is planned to meet the
needs of the system in warm weather
there will be little danger of disease
and of the many indispositions which
are caused by indiscreet eating in the
heated days. Remember that in sum
mer we do not need the foods which
give heat or the tissue-building' foods,
such as meat.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14
To Mend a Raincoat.

rent in a raincoat may be mend
ed by applying a. piece of black silk
court plaster to the underside of the
tear Draw the edges as nearly to-
gether possible, moisten the plaster
and press it with cold iron until it
is firm.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

Fringe, deep or shallow is much in
favor for sashes. and may be of the
same color or in the same sharply
contrasting shade.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

The rural free delivery carriers are
a faithful class of men. Only IT'S
have been discharged for cause out
Of 10000.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

Even foulard parasols are veilet!
with plain colored chiffon with effects
that are just as good as those secured
in gowns.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

The fat straw. hat, something like
glorified pancake, so popular this
summer, is usually trimmed with a
large astrakan bow in a distinctive
and contrasting shade.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

Capachons for the evening are of
nouseline de sole, sheered and trim
med with rosettes of old gold or sill
Yer tissues.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

TIE Grand Trunk railroad has Sc
cured permit to 90 10 the coast
rh-ough the states of Massachusetts
ara Rhode Island. and now il is be
iieved Il wiz eventually have a ter
rrsnal at Boztnn
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

Manila declines to permit the prize
fight films exhibited there She keeps
step to the major American opinion.
though black
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

A new kind of embroidered stock
ing shows eyelets in vine design, an(
solid embroidery is also much in evi.
dence.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

A Persian belt adds a smart touch
to the frock of black-or old and dark
blue serge, and natural colored linen
or pongee.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

An inexpensive disinfectant for a
sick room can be made as follows:
Put some ground coffee in a saucer
and in the middle place a small piece
of cam phor gum. Light the gum with
a match. AS the gum allows the eof-
fee to burn with it the smell is most
refreshing
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

Very smart, indeed are the all
linen hats in most picturesque shapes.
They are usually trimmed with loops
or bows of soft ribbon.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

Trimmings of the baby Irish valen-
cfennes. cluny and white oriental lace
are all lavishly used on the midsum-
mer frock of lingerie, mousseline de
sole and fine linens.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

Ella Flasg Young. the $1,000 school
superintendent coznes ker hair down
fiat There Is ne high oidGle did die
ssyze On the outside OF her intellec-
+-zl head
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14
Didn't Come from Nebraska.

IT seems to the unprejudiced view
OF Gov. Harmon that Mayor Gaynor is
not an available candidate" for the
presidency. Some one must have told
him.-Philadelphia Inquirer.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

Nine acres of sunfIowers make a
grand floral display, and what a pro-
nounced invitation they must be to
the birds
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14
ORAL NOTES.

The poorest way to keep cool is to
sit right down and discuss this hot
weather.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

The people who are glad to see such
an old-fashiened summer cannot claim
| that there is anything ancient about
the drouth.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

a St Louis man proposes TO build
II ai-ss7ip that viii carry 1eo paszen-
Esrs ard wiz not be stopped By the
wtsd- This IS what a waiting world
S. lacking fer.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

A simple remedy to cure a, wart is
TO battle it several times a day with a
strong solution of bicarbonate of
soda.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

The pulley belt is among the new
belts. 1t is made of elastic, finished
at each end with covered ring, and
fastened with a ribbon bow.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

Pumps are very fashionable in one
form another, in kid. suede and
patent leather. The stiff pump bow
is seen, and the string bow also.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

To scalIoD a sheet, fold the goods
back and make the scallopS over the
doubled portion. 1t will then be much
firmer and will last longer than If
made in the ordinary manner
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

The republicans of Ohio have come
to the conclusion that James Garfield
Is a chip of the old block
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

America is exporting more automo-
biles than ever. and importing less.
The American machine leads in the
tests.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

Chantecler gloves have come to
match the Chantec1er handkerchief.
A tiny rooster or golden pheasant is
embroidered at the elbow.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

champ Clark says he will be the
speaker of the next house. He might
be il others did not have SO much to
say about it.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14
All Seams Allowed


nd anda n IN
A conve eh-poeR Is o
I
s ma andw
Is Is
J
!
: to ~ and ii
under OF the
extends. he Of
; Ensls pater n IT
81 years the dress requires yards o. inch wild m
\ of inc n u o
OF
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

Silver is used more and more as a
setting for precious and semi precious
stones whether in rings, pendants
pins, bracelets or buckles.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

| OF course the man who sDends his
birthday anniversary in a dentists
chair is no common man-John u.
Rockefeller did that
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14
FASHIONS AND FADS.

One of the prettiest novelties of
the season is the hat pin of Irish Gro
Chef to be worn with the dainty sum-
mer hat.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

The gathering Ehzt Secretary Bal
NEKa- now sees he doesn't care TO
HpaAk ocsse cee public; but he acts as
E he e. suppressed that it is likely to
grove fatal
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

When we learn that heat waves at
the Sos are 1000 feet deep, we are
Pc rdonable for wishing that they cooled
off at the bottom.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

Happy thought fer today. The wife
who In called dear. likes to know
whether the word expresses her affec-
xtonAte or financial relation II her
husband
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

Chiffon cloth waists in co1ors, as
well as white, are a smart as any
separate blouses seen this summer.
Pompadour silk is frequently used for
lining these filny fabrics.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

Turpentine applied to a bruise will
quickly relieve pain. Applications of
hot witch hazel are also excellent
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

The man with a persistent cente-
loupe taste must exercise self-control
or else be bankrupted. There is no
other alternative
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

Some of the neatest suits in rose or
old blue linen are pretty embroidered
in mercerized cotton in different COL
or from the suit.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

The city Of Prosperity. located in a
southern state, has reduced the SAL
airy of its mayor si00 Now it ought
10 change its name
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

When a hole in a stocking is very
large, it is a good plan to place a
piece over the hole and then darn the
usual way. The net serves as a
foundation and makes the darn neat
and strong.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

After a dusty trip the face should
be carefully bathed in warm water and
perhaps massaged with cold cream.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14
Woman in Life and in the Kitchen

white for the slippers and they will
be very cool and pretty.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

A dainty collar can be made with
strips of narrow satin ribbon edged
on the upper side with frlls of soft
valenciennes lace. Three strips
should be firmly attached to a. chit
fon foundation. For the jabot por-
ton makes strips of ribbon and lace
insertion and edge with ruff1es of val
enciennes.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

Tha Suwen-cr ~ soft drinks has made
tzEzsc-s fer the sellers. bEaEhe knnEs
MNn aa Ill
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14
HEALTH AND BEAUTY.

An excellent remedy for bruise is
mixture made of equal parts of cam
phor, alcohol, water and ammonia.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

The responsibility for the present
extreme Of heat is put upon the Gulf
stream instead ri Hauev's comet No
one thinks OF placing it at old Soils
door.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14
DISTURBED BY EXEMPTIONS.

Waterbury finds she has $4,000 0oG
worth of churches and all, OF course
are non taxable. These, together with
the Waterbury schools and other non
taxa BILE property in that city, bring her
total of taxable property up to
81, 541.000. Probably Waterbury has
no more such property, in proportion
to population, than other cities in the
state but as her figures are just pub
lished they are an immediate object
lesson. 1t has been estimated that
there may be a hundred million dol
lars worth of property in Connecticut
that is exempt from taxation, and the
figures are taken by some as good
proof that exemptions may have been
loosely granted in the past.-Ansonia
Sentinel.
There is nothing equitable about
the present system of property exemp-
ton whether it is applied to religious
property. public property or certain
classes of private property, and the
millions that go free increase the tax
upon the taxable property. There are
denomina tons in the state with mil
lions of taxable property free while
poorer denominations only have hun
dreds of thousands: there are towns
that have two million dollars worth
OF buildings free while adjoining
towns do not have one hundred thou
sand dollars worth. There is moth
ing equal about it; hence, as a mat
ter of justice, it is not defensible.
The burden is becoming SO great that
every now and then there are local
agitations to either put a limit on
exemptions, or to tax all property. The
time is surely coming when more
equitable system Will be presented and
sustained by the people
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

In making shirt waist to lessen
materially the difficulty of ironing
shfrt-waist sleeves open the sleeve
from shoulder to wrist after joining
the under-a arm seam hem the raw
edges, finish the forward lap with
lace and join the sleeve again with
buttonholes and tiny fiat pearl but
tons.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1910-07-14

7 am in receipt of your favor en-
closing a copy of An Act for the Reg.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-09-01

the pastor who told of her excellent
qualities and her great work for the
church. w. c. Martin rendered beau
tiful number entitled Shadows" and
the quartet composed of Mr.. Martin,
Prof Edward Weeks. Miss Sadie
Robertson and Mrs. c. A. LASER rem
dered two numbers, "My Jesus as Thou
Wilt" and Nearer My God to Thee"
The remains were shipped last night
on Burlington No. to Paris, Ill. where
interment will be made tomorrow in
the Forsythe cemetery. The Worrell
family. Mrs. Archer Rutledge. Mrs. j.
d. Baker and Miss Ella Krllhart acs
companied the remains.
The funeral of Frank Hoffman who
died Yesterday morning at his home
corner of East Main and Ash streets
was held this afternoon from the fam
ily residence at o'clock. The services
were conducted by Rev. A. M. Sappen-
field of the English Lutheran church,
The remains were Inferred in the OF.
tumwa cemetery.
The funeral of Opal Carpenter who
died Sunday was held last evening
from the residence of her grandpar-
ents Mr.. and Mrs Wesley Decker, 702
Clinton avenue. Rev. S. Isaac Elder OF
the Davis Street Christian church
conducted the services. The remaine
were taken to the Ormanville cemetery
this morning where they were inferred.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-09-01

show of dairy cattle, dairy machinery
and creamery exhibits ever seen west
of the Mississippi river. The con-
vention and show will be held during
the week beginning October 10. That
week follows the Illinois State fair and
Immediately precedes the National
Dairy show and because of this fact
exhibitors as rule will welcome the
opportunity of making an additional
show rather than lying idle during that
week awaiting the opening Of the Ma
tional Dairy show. Waterloo is so
situated that those who plan to ex-
hibit at both the Illinois State fair and
the National Dairy show can, with
little extra expense, include the Iowa
Dairy show and convention in their
itinerary.
The chautauqua park coliseum, a
circular building 100 feet in diameter,
has been secured for housing the cat
the exhibits and booths. 1t will be
possible to care for about 500 head Of
cattle. and premium fund is being
provided that will be great enough
to be attractive to exhibitors There
are several other excellent buildings
on the chautauqua grounds. The but
termakers' and dairy mems annual con-
vention will be in session during the
same week.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-09-01
Abba.
AAAAAAA\AN

The new United Presbyterian church
is almost completed but failure to get
the seats here will delay the compile
ton for some little time. The congre-
CATION expects to be able to hold its
|dedicatory exercises about October l.
Mr.. and Mrs. D. w. Bates. Mr.. and
Mrs. l.. B. Edwards and Albert Rob-
erts went to Des Moines Sunday in
Mr.. Bates touring car.
George Beadle while working on the
public square Saturday morning was
so unfortunate as to injure his back
and had to be taken home.
The American Heating company
who are putting in the new heating
pipes about the public square will have
the streets in good condition before
Labor Day celebration Sept. 5.
Mr.. and Mrs. Chas. OFT have re-
turned from their summer trip
through the west.
A marriage license was granted to
John Movland and Elizabeth Trazzeder
both Of Hooking.
George kellogg Of Sioux City was a
business visitor at Abba Saturday.
Mrs Myrtle Rashaw of Hillsboro
was calling on Abba trends Saturday.
Miss Elva Foster. Kentucky mis-
sionary gave very interesting talk to
the members of the Queen Esther 50
ciety at the home of Mrs. Emma
Hynes Friday evening.
D. B. Harvard went to Sioux City on
business Saturday.
Miss May Swanson passed through
Abba Saturday OH her way to Lovilia
and Des Moiens.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-09-01
CHRISTIANS Plan
HOME COMING
CENTRAL CHURCH OF DIES MONIES
CELEBRATE 5oTH ANNIvER-
sARY OCT. SO.

Des Moines, Aug. 30.-Central
Christian church will have a home
coming week October 5 to 8 to cele-
brate the fiftieth anniversary Of its
founding.
Altnougn the program co..:'a'.;ee.
appointed at recent meeting, has
not yet outlined the program, they
have been assured that the Ave sur
viving ex-pastors will be present aid
DR.. H. o. Breeder, who occupied the
pulpit for 81 years, will preasn tee
sermon on Sunday, Oct. 8. DR.. Breed
en- is now resident Of San Francisco,
Cal. but at. present is conducting
meeting in Missoula, Mont. The other
surviving pastors are Rev. John G.
Hay, Los Angeles; Rev. ]. w. Monser,
Kansas City, Mo-, and A. P. Cobb o.
Illinois.
OF the charter member of The church
there are also but five surviving.
These are Mr.. and Mrs. J. K. Gilcrest
and Mrs. Philander Smith Of Des
MONIES; Mrs. David Skinner, LOS
Angeles and Mrs. Ruth l.. Van Cleve
Garwood, Tex An effort will be made
to have all Of them present at the
horne coming. A meeting of the pro-
gram will be held today and further
plans made for the event. Tae church
has recently been redocorated and
renovated throughout in preparation
for the festivities.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-09-01
| LUTHER LEAGUE
WILL MEET HERE
DR., A. o. HENRY SECURED BIG
GATHERING OF SWEDISH
PEOPLE FOR oTTUMWA..

The Ottumwa Commercial associa-
ton has a new envoy in the person OF
Or. A. 0. Henry, pastor Of the Swedish
Lutheran church of this city, who has
secured the annual meeting of the Lu-
ther League for this city in 1912. The
leagues last meeting was held in Me-
diapolis and between 200 and 300 peo-
pie were present This same number
will come to Ottumwa in 1912,
The Luther league of Ottumwa is
particularly active, and the representa-.
tives from this city took a prominent
part in the deliberations of the meet
ing in Mediapolis. Headed by DR..
Henry. who stands high in the Swe-
dish ministry of Iowa, the delegates in
sisted upon securing the 1912 meeting
and were successful.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-09-01
oBITUAl (,
<AA<%>%>-<>-< !
Orvilie William Gee.

OFVIliS VIIIdIu 5SC.
Orville William Gee son Of Wesley
and Mrs. Gee, of Ottumwa, Iowa, was
born in Ottumwa. Iowa, January s.,
1906. During the last year of his life
his health began to fail with disease
which finally ended his life. He was
quiet and most patient sufferer,
never complaining but taking every
thing as good naturally as though he
was grown UP and had been Injured to
suffering and sickness. His religious
faculty developed more rapidly than
in most little children. He early
learned to love Jesus as his friend
and savior and he knew many verses
in the Bible from memory. He was
also very apt in answering questions
about things in the word of God and
seemed to take pleasure in it. He
was loved by all who knew him and
will be greatly missed in his home
and by all Of his friends and neigh
bors of the family
He leaves behind to mourn his de-
parture, besides his parents, four
sisters: Myrtle, Lulu. Gladys and
Geraldine Gee. and three brothers:
Eddie, Gerald and Forest French Gee.
Surely to us who have little children
here on earth and in heaven, the
words of Jesus in Matthew 1914 are
very precious: Suffer little children
and forbid them not to come unto me,
for of suchis the kingdom Of heaven"
Orville passed away peacefully Sat
nrday at 9 a. m. August n. 1910, aged
four years and eight months.
His pastor VINO visited him,
w FL Horned
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-09-01
Copyright, 1910, by Rev. T. s. Lin.
--.- SCOTT n ID L..-.-

Copyright, 1910, by Rev. T. s. Lin
scott, d. d.
Two parallels Of Judgment, Matt.
xxi: 33-46.
Golden Text-Therefore say I unto
you. the kingdom of God shall be TAX
en- from you. Matt Xxi:43.
Verse 33-Who does the households
er" represent in this'parable?
Who do the husbandmen represent?
What had God committed to the
Jews, as q people, and what special
things had he done for them?
What special responsibilities has
God uiven to our nation? and to US as
individuals? .(This question must be
answered in writing by members Of
the club.)
Verse S4-Can you give any case OF
God expecting or demanding, fruit
when He has not furnished the gard
en- and the fruit trees?
What sort of fruit does God expect
of us having regard to our responsible
tiles. and to what He has given us in
the nature of seed?
From the suggestions of this para
Bile. what kind.of fruit did God expect
OF the Jewish nation?
Verses 35-36-What is the evidence
that the Jews ever did anything to
Gods servants, corresponding to the
statement in these two verses?
When God sent his prophets, to the
Jews, did he plan for them to be re-
ceived or be rejected
Verses 37-39-What did God desire,
and expect, of the Jews, when He sent
Jesus to them with message Of love,
in which We're potential, political, and
spiritual freedom?
What did the chief priests expect to
accomplish when they caused Jesus to
be crucified?