davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Dickinson press., 1910-03-19
FIVE YEAR PROOF.

Department Of the Interior, U. S. Land
ONCE at Dickinson, N. D.. February 25th, 1910.
Notice is hereby given that Prick Koste-
lecky of Dickinson, N. D.. has filed notice Of
his Intention to make final five year proof in
support of his claim, viz: homestead entry No.
27232 Serial 03363) made March 1S, 1904. for the
eA nwM and Ell swA, sec. IA, twp. 1873 n.
range Tw and that said proof will be made
before the Register and Receiver OF the o.
S. land Office at Dickinson. N. D., on April Is,
1910.
He the following witnesses to prove
his continuous residence upon, and cultivation
of, the land. viz: Anton Simek, Joe kOSte-
lecky.J Joe Froelich. Anton Hanl. all OF Dick
insOn, N. D.
1885, S. NJ. FERRIS. Register.
The Dickinson press., 1910-03-19
FIVE YEAR PROOF

Department OF the Interior, U. S. Land ONCE
at Dickinson. Y. o., January p. lS10.
son of Dickinson, N. D.. who, on March 19, 1905.
made homestead application No. 1852 Serial
No. N78s), for nw1 section 20. township 1873 N,
range 8W, 5th Principal Meridian, has filed
notice Of intention to make final five year
proof, to establish claim to the land above
described. before the Register and Receiver,
1910.
Claimant names as Witnesses: Frank Brose.
Robert Basham, George F.. Thompson, William
Blakeley. oil of Dickinson. N. D.
2-l96t S. M. FERRIS, Register.
The Dickinson press., 1910-03-19
FIVE YEAR PROOF

Department of the Interior. U. S. Land
Office at Dickinson, N. D., February %. 1910.
Jr.. of Dickinson, N. D., who, on February 10.
1904. made homestead. application No. 27OSe.
Serial No. 03353, for WIZ nwA and SEA nwA.
sec. "a. twp. 40 n. range &8 W. 5th Principal
Meridian, has fled notice Of intention to make
final five year proof. to establish claim to the
land above described, before the Register
and Receiver at Dickinson. N. D., on the
26th day of April, 1910.
Claimant names as witnesses: Frank J.
Ridl, Frank A. Ridl. Frank Paylish. Frank
Tuhy, all of Dickinson, N D.
1885, S. NJ. FERRIS, Register
The Dickinson press., 1910-03-19
ST. JOHNS' CHURCH.

Sunday before Easter. palm Sunday,
March 20. Holy Eucharist. $50:
Mathis and sermon, 10 JAS; Sunday
school and Bible class, IL; Evensong
and sermon, 7.3O Holy Week Mon
day, Tuesday and Saturday, Evensong
at 4 O'Clock. Wednesday. Litany 7 80 =;
Maundy Thursday. Holy Eucharist. 8
a. m. Evenson9. 4 o'clock. Good
Friday, Mathis and Litany, 10 80.
Three hours service, IL 10 80 E%vensong,
7:30.
j. S. BRAYFIELD, Rectr..
The Dickinson press., 1910-03-19
ISOLATED TRACT
Public Land o

Department OF the Interior, U. S. Land
ONCE at Dickinson, N. D., February Il. 1910,
Notice Is hereby given that, as directed by
the Commissioner of the General Land Office,
under provisions of Act of Congress approved
June 81. 1905 ga Stats. SID. We will offer ct
public sale, to the highest bidder. at 10 Q, clock
q: m. on the zo5h day OF April' At THIS once;
2O-140-A, (Serial O9O59).
Any persons claiming adversely the above
described land are advised to file their claims,
or objections, on or before the time desig-
mated for sale.
3-12-6t S. M. FERRIS Register
The Dickinson press., 1910-03-19
FIVE YEAR O

PREPAYMENT D. %at9nsns Of 4, the In teri y y; ,s 5; Land once
Notice is hereby given that John F. Luh-
mann Of Dickinson, N, D., who. IN June 81.
1903. made homestead application No. 2tl3e,
(Serial No. 03l79.) for SEA. section 30. town
dian, has fled notice OF intention to make final
five year proof, to establish claim to the land
above described, before the Register and Re-
ceiver, ut Dickinson, N. D., on the 9Th day Of
April, 1910.
Claimant names as witnesses: George
Luhmann, Carl Reiman, William K. lander.
2-286t s.. M. FERRIS, Register.
The Dickinson press., 1910-03-19
ISOLATED TRACT

Department of the Interior, o. S. Land
Office at Dickinson, N. D., February II, 1910.
Notice is hereby given that, as directed by
the Commissioner OF the General Land once;
June 81. 1908. ga Stats. SID. we will offer at
public sale. to the highest bidder, at 10 O'Clock
q. M, on the 18th day Of April. 1910. at this
Of 12-l38-97. (Serial O85l5).
Any persons claiming adversely the above
described land are advised to file their claims,
or objections, on or before the time designated
for sale.
3-5-6t S. NJ. FERRIS, Register.
The Dickinson press., 1910-03-19
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH

Morning service 10 30; evening serv-
ice 1880. John Orchard of the State
Sunday school association will preach
both morning and evening. Morning
subject, 1.-THE Cattle ground of the
kingdom" Evening subject Living
Water" Strangers and others most
cordially invited.
W. j. BROWN, Pastor.
The Dickinson press., 1910-03-19
G. A. MCFARLAND T.. F. MURTHA
MCFARLAND & MURTHA.
LAWYERS,
Practice in all Courts and U. S. Land
Office.
OFFICES 5 to 9, RAY BLOCK.
Legal Notices.
FIVE YEAR O

FIVE YEAR PROOF
Department Of the Interior. u. s. Land ONCE
at Dickinson. N. D.. February II. 1910.
Notice Is hereby given that Jacob Jordan
OF Dickinson. N. D., who. on June :, 1901. made
homestead entry No. 2SO75. Serial No. 03aSO.
for eh swk. VIZ SEX. section IL, township
lS7 r., ranee s6 W.. 5th Principal Meridian. has
proof. to establish claim to the land above
described. before the Register and Receiver
nt3Dtckinson, N. D., on the 18th day of April.
Matt Swind, Joe Weber, John p. Warmer, oil
Of Dickinson, N. D..
2-26-6t S., M. FERRIS, Register.
The Dickinson press., 1910-03-19
Buy, Sell, or Trade

Don't fall 10 come in and look over
our line of rugs, furniture and harness.
Well please you in style, sizes, and
prices. We buy, sell and trade in all
lines. E. A. CURRIE, Dickinson, N. D.
80 Ist Ave E. 2-I2-tf
The Dickinson press., 1910-03-19

Call J. Vaughn for coal, wood, san.
gravel, rock or team work of any kind
Phone 81. 2-2;tf
The Dickinson press., 1910-03-19
NOTICE OF LEASING OF SCHOOL AND
INSTITUTE LANDS.


The school and state lands in Stark county.
North Dakota, not already leased, will be
offered for rent at o public leasing to be held
at the court house in the city OF Dickinson In
said county on Tuesday. the 10Th day OF April.
1910, commencing at 10 O'Clock q, m. The
terms of leasing will be as follows:
All lands will be offered for a term OF 5 years
beginning with the season Of 1910. and only for
grazing and hay purpose at the minimum
annual rental OF 10 dollars for each quarter
section.
The lands viii be struck of to the highest
bidder, who will be required to pay at the
time of leasing the rent for the season Of 1910;
also an additional fee of 3 for issuing lease,
which fee will be charged for each quarter
section or fraction thereof included In such
lease.
Subsequent years rent will become due or
January LIST OF each year. and In default OF
payment within thirty days thereafter, lease
will be cancelled without notice to leaSee.
Any cultivated tracts will be offered ct o
minimum annual rental OF five per cent OF the
appraised value thereof.
A list OF the lands to be offered for lease
will be on file with the treasurer of said county
for public inspection for at least two weeks
before the date of leasing. :.
Coal rights are reserved to the state In all
leases and the board of university and school
lands reserve the right to reject any or all
bids.
No Hay Permits viii be sold this year as
heretofore. The only way to secure the use
of the land is by leasing on above terms.
Al Leases Subject to Cancellation should q
Dated Ct Bismarck, N. D.. this list day OF
ALEX. MACDONALD.
s-1e-4t Commissioner
The Dickinson press., 1910-03-19

FRESH CREAM
Bottled cream and milk from the
Brown Dairy on sale at Reed Bros
store. 3.6tf
The Dickinson press., 1910-03-19
MANAND WIFE

MAN. AND WIFE
Wanted to work on farm this season,
family without children preferred: good
place for right parties. Charles Peeler,
Dickinson. 3-12-2p
FOR SALE
Horse, run.about, surry, at reasonable
price. F. D. Hevener. 3-l2.tf
The Dickinson press., 1910-03-19

FOR SALE-My five room cottage, on
9th St. west. Duncan Christensen.
o-25-tf
The Dickinson press., 1910-03-19

FOR SALE CHEAP
New residence with hot water heat,
barn, etc. c. T.. Cunningham, Dickin-
Son. 2-Io If
The Dickinson press., 1910-03-19

FOR SALE
Mex sec. 22-14o-o8. Stark Co. Price
$2,4oo. Write w. H.. Shrader, owner,
Security Bank Bldg. Minneapolis, MINI.
f.8.tf
The Dickinson press., 1910-03-19
Wanted For Sale. Etc.

FOR RENT
Furnished rooms at Adolph Jauss'. 9TH
Ave. w. between Willard St. and Ist St.
N. Q-II.tf
The Dickinson press., 1910-03-19

We are also gent agents for Hart-Parr
Engines, Robinson Separatofs, and Ruth
Feeders, for the South.Half Of North
Dakota and q part Of Eastern Montana
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1910-05-19
BRuMM-woLP NuPTIALs.

One of the seasons largest and most
fashionable weddings was celebrated
last evening at St. PauTs Lutheran
church in Clinton street when Miss
Elizabeth Brumm, daughter of Mr.. and
Mrs A. Brumm, 144 Clinton street
and George Wolf were united in mar
rage. The ceremony was celebrated
in the presence of large assembly of
friends and relatives of the bridal
company. many of whom came from out
of the city TO attend. The hour for
the ceremony was o'clock and as the
guests began to arrive at the church
Professor Linsemann, who presided at
the pipe organ, played a program of
beautiful bridal music Before the en-
trance of the bridal procession Mrs.
Landvogt sand 20 Promise Me- very
beautifully, and Professor Linsen-
mann changed from the accompaniment
to the prelude of the Lohengrin we'd
ding march. The bride and groom with
their attendants entered the church
and came down the long aisle to the
altar where the ceremony of the church
was read by the Rev. Theodore Claus.
pastor of the church. The ring serv-
ice was chosen. In the procession were
the bride. Miss Brumm and the groom.
Mr.. Wolf with their attendants. Miss
Ethel Wolf served the bride as maid
of honor and Miss Henrietta Lovegren
was the only bridesmaid. Little Miss
Hazel Wolf acted as ring bearer a
the ceremony and carried the ring in
a Gala lily. She wore a dainty white
frock, deliberately trimmed with lace.
The grooms attendants were Arthur
Borman and T. Lewis Messrs. Klitzke
and Thomas ushered
The bride wore an exquisite gown of
white silk crepe meteor with beautiful
trimmings of perls and imported ap-
pliques. She wore a long chiffon veil
taught at her hair with crown of
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1910-05-19
PERSONAL.

Miss Martha Spencer left Hammond
this morning for Lafayette, Ind. to be
gone on few days visit.
DIR. and Mrs. a. H. Pannenborg left
this morning for their home in Chicago
Heights. H.. after visiting Hammond
relatives for few days. They came
to attend the Brumm-Wolf wedding at
st. Pauis Lutheran church.
Miss Muriel Wilcox was the guest
of friends in Evanston. Ill. yesterday
Mrs. Patrick O'Keefe of Whiting
spent the day in Hammond visiting
friends and transacting business.
Mr.. and Mrs c. N. Nau and Miss
Katherine Nau will leave Hammond
the first of the week for Niagara
Falls and Buffalo, n. Y, for a short
visit
Mrs. Sidney Goldsmith of Chicago
Heights, ILL.,, was the guest of her par
ents, Mr. and Mrs, Lochte, of Ingra-
ham avenue, West Hammond. yester-
day. Mrs. Goldsmith was formerly
Miss Gertrude Lochte. of Hammond.
Miss Mayme Mashino, of Doty street,
left last evening for Champaign, ILL.,,
to be entertained by DR.. and Mrs
Frank Parker for a few days. Miss
Mashino will attend a May dancing
party while on her visit.
J. Pulliam Smith, of Rimbach
avenue will leave Hammond for his
home in Hopkinsville. Ky. the latter
part of this week to remain for a few
weeks's visit with his parents, Mr.
and Mrs. Henry Clay Smith and other
relatives and friends in the south.
Mrs. Robert Armstrong has returned
to her home in Carroll street from
Denver, Col, where she has been on a
visit for several weeks.
Mrs. Birdie Eastwood. who has been
very i'll for six weeks, is reported to
be improving nicely now as her many
Hammond friends will be glad to
know.
There will be a meeting of the men,
bers of the Kings Herald's of the First
M. Fl. Church Saturday afternoon at
the home of Mrs. Webb in East Carroll
street.
The members OF the Monroe Street
Methodist chapel will hold sale of
home bakery goods at George Dobbins'
store, the corner of Holman and Rus
sell streets next Saturday afternoon.
The public is invited to attend.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1910-05-19

A very delightful social meeting of
the members of Narcissus Court
Queens of Avallion occurred last eve
ming in the guild room of st. Paul's
Episcopal church in Rinbach avenue
Many of the members were present
and they had invited several of their
friends to be guests at the meeting
The young people met about 1880
o'clock and spent a social half hour
with games. contests and music after
which elaborate refreshments were
served. A regular meeting of the
members will take place next wednes-
day evening and the routine business
will be transacted. The invited guests
were Margaret Turner, Dorothy, Ed
wards. Lucille Minas, Madaline GasteI
Lila Shaw, Olive Mckay and Florence
Burrows. Among the members present
were 7mma Swanton, Evelyn Robst
Harriet and Ruth Carr, Ruth Brusel.
Blanche Prest, Edith Ruff. GLADYS
Bell. Ruth Brennan and Miss Lima
Lindner
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1910-05-19

lilies OF the valley and she carried a
bouquet tied with knots of white satin
ribbon and smilax. The soins away
gown was tailored suit of blue broad
cloth and she wore a large picture hat
70 match. Miss Wolf. as maid of honor
was attired in a charming gown of
pink silk MULE beautifully trimmed
with silk laces. She carried an arm
bouquet of pink killarney roses, Miss
LoVegren wore a very beautiful and
dainty gown of white mule and pale
pink silk. She carried bouquet of
pink roses
The choir sang Savior Lead Ne"
as a occasional. At the conclusion of
the church ceremony the relatives and
a number of friends went to the home
OF the brides parents. Mr.. and Mrs
A Brumm. IA Clinton street. where
reception was given, complimentary
to the bridal couple. The home was
very beautiful with its decorations of
potted palms, ferns and cut flowers.
The color scheme was daintiiy carried
out In green and white. The flowers
In the parlors were carnations and
roses and large punches of the flowers
arranged with ferns were conspicuous.
In the dining room a cut glass basket
hiled with flowers was used as a center
piece on the brides table. The other
decorations were attractively carried
out ~ green and white. An elaborate
course wedding supper was served.
The evening was given to the con-
CALCULATIONS of the young people and
their many beautiful and valuable
wedding gifts were on display. The
gifts included many pieces of silver lin
en-, china, cut glass, furniture and sew
eral paintings. A musical program was
rendered and several enjoyable selec-
tions were given by the Misses Ida
Dora and Henrietta Lovegren of Rock
ford, Ill.
Mr. and Mrs. Wolf left Hammond
last evening by automobile for Chicago,
from where they will leave for New
York City and other points in the east
to be gone for several weeks. They
will return to Hammond to make their
home in Summer street. The bride is
a graduate of the Hammond high
school and also graduated from the
normal department of the Valparaiso
university. Until recently she has been
a teacher in the Hessville public school.
The bride has made her home in Ham
mond for several years and has wide
acquaintance OF friends among the
young people. The wedding last even
ing followed series of delightful en-
tertainments, among them dinners
luncheons. showers and evening par
ties. Mr.. Wolf is one of Hammonds
prominent young business men and is
engaged IS agent for the Wells Fargo
Express company at the Hammond of
fee. The only out of town guests at
the wedding reception were DIR. and
Mrs. A. Fl. Pannenborg of Chicago
Heights, H.. Mr. and Mrs. Spaulding
and Miss Ella Spaulding and Mr.. and
Mrs. Merchling, all OF Chicago, and the
Misses Lovegren of Rockford, Ill.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1910-05-19
WHAT WOULD
YOU HAVE
DONE HERE?

Every man in Hammond was jealous
of A. Murray Turner. president of the
First National bank of Hammond to-
day.
Certain members of the Hammond
Woman's club picnicked at Lansing to-
day, and with his usual kindness Mr.
Turner took out a party of ladies in
his machine.
Upon his arrival there Mr.. Turner.
being the only man present-oh, lucky
mortal-was surrounded by the ladies
and forced to dine with them. Imagine
one poor. lone. helpless man in the
midst of 100 ladiesl Mr. Turner has
braved all sorts OF dangers, arrested
desperadoes when he was sheriff col
lected fares when he was a street car
conductor; suffered the pangs of woe
that come to people who own stock in
a newspaper, but never was he called
upon to face such an emergency be-
fore.
He acquitted himself nobly. how
ever, and-gee. how sore Billy Gostlin
and Pete Meyn are.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1910-05-19
A BUSINESS MEETING.

Mrs. w. H Meyers was hostess to
the members of the w. c. T.. U. yes
terday afternoon at her home, the cor
ner of Michigan and Oakley avenues
1t was the regular weekly afternoon
meeting and many OF the members
were present. The names of several
Hammond ladies were presented for
membership. A press committee was
appointed to attend to the necessary
printing and plans were also discussed
for a w. c. T. e. silver medal contest
The definite arrangements were not
completed yesterday but announce
ment will be made of it in the near
future. The next evening meeting will
occur as usual Monday evening of next
week in Weis' hall on State street, and
the public is invited to be present. An
interesting temperance program will
be rendered and among the numbers on
the program will be musical selections
by the. White Ribbon Quartette. The
afternoon meeting for next week has
been postponed until Tuesday, May 31st
when Mrs. Mason will entertain at her
home in Harrison street. 1t was planned
to have the program in the evening
instead of the afternoon and full at
tendance of members is desired At
the close of the business session there
was social meeting when the hostess
served dainty refreshments.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1910-05-19

Ladies Aid Society yesterday after
noon at the home of Mrs. William
Elsner in Morton court 1t was the
regular bimonthly meeting and the
usual large number of members we're
present. The names of several other
Hammond ladies were presented for
membership. The afternoon was de-
voted to the necessary business of the
society and plans were outlined for the
work in the future. 1t was also sug-
gested that the members and Their
friends reserve all old magazines and
papers until further notice for use in
the work of the society. At the close
of the business session Mrs. Cohn
served her guests with refreshments.
The next regular meeting will take
place in two weeks and Mrs. Elsner
will entertain at her home in Morton
court
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1910-05-19
Funeral on Sunday.

The funeral for Mrs Anna Muen-
ich, who died yesterday afternoon, has
been arranged for next Sunday after
noon at o'clock. Services will be held
at ST Paul's German Lutheran church.
of which she was a member.
Mrs. Muenieh was born in Brandon
burg, Germany. in 1881 In 1853 she
married Gottlieb Muenich He died
two and a half years ago.
In addition to her three sons, Gus
tave, Rudolph and Edward. a daughter,
Mrs. Mary n. Huehn. Mrs. Muenich is
survived by fifteen grandchildren and
one sister, Mrs. Elizabeth Hess. Of Hess
Vile.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1910-05-19
A DELIGHTFUL AFFAIR.

One Of the very pleasant social af-
fairs of the week was a May Party
given last evening in Longs hall IN
der the auspices of Progressive Court
o. 166, Tribe of Ben Hur The party
was given for the members and their
friends and there was a large attend
ance. A nice sum was realized which
Will be used for the benefit of the
court. Miss Hoffman, of Chicago, was
the May Queen and during the early
evening she was crowned with O.
wreath of flowers. After the crown
Ing of the queen, the guests formed
for the grand march which was lead
by Miss Hoffman. Informal dancing
continued until late hour in the eve
ming An enjoyable program of music
was played for the dancing. The party
continued until late hour and every-
one reported having had pleasant
time.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1910-05-19
SOCIAL NEWS FoR FRIDAY.


Mrs William J. MacAIeer Will en-
terrain the members of the Alpha
Phi Club at an afternoon party at
her home in Webb street.
A meeting of the young ladies of
the Busy Bee Society of the First
Baptist church at the home of Miss
Hope Ward In Oakley avenue.
Mrs. F. r.. Mott will entertain at
euchre in honor of the ladies of the
Marquette Club mt her home, $50
South Holman street.
The regular meeting of the mem
hers of Hammond Hive No. ., l.. o.
II. VI. will take place in the n. of
,. hall.
Masters Peter and Cary Brom
will entertain the members of the
Boys Club Friday evening at their
home in Michigan avenue.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1910-05-19
Social News
-- IN ------
Ham Ond


The members of the Ladies Guild
Of st. Pauls Episcopal church met yes~
terday afternoon in the guild room of
the church for the regular weekly
meeting. There was a very good at
tendance of members and the routine
business was disposed of at an early
hour. The final preparations were
made for serving the banquet for the
Hammond alumni association to the
graduating class. Friday evening, June
10th, in the banquet room of the Ma
sonic temple. Mrs. Cunningham, Mrs
Kurt and Mrs. Hubbard were taken
into the guild membership yesterday
The next meeting will be the monthly
social session and Mrs. Erick Lund
will be hostess at her home in Warren
steet The entertainment will be in
the nature of Mocassin Party Mrs
Pepperdine and Mrs. Steineck were
hostesses during the social hour and
served dainty refreshments.
MRS. COIN ENTERTAINs.
Mrs. Abe Cohn very pleasantly enter
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1910-05-19
ENTERTAINs AT CARDS.

The ladies of the Up-To- Date Whist
Club were the invited guests at a very
pleasant afternoon party yesterday at
which Mrs. p L. Davis entertained at
Ter home in Rimbach avenue 1t was
one of the regular weekly club meet
ngs and all the members were present
With the exception of Mrs. w D.
Flarke, of Engiewood, who was de-
aimed on account of other social en-
fragments. Mrs. George Manderbach
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1910-05-19
n her absence. Several

substituted in her absence Several
games of which were played at small
ables in the parlors and the honors
at the games were won by Mrs. e. "A.
Nee, first, Mrs Jay Clark, second and
Mrs. +. Buhring, third. At the con
clusion of the games the hostess served
a dainty course luncheon. Mrs Mat
Boney will entertain at the next party
in two weeks at her home in Clinton
street.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1910-05-19
WEDDING INVITATIONS ISSUED.

Mr. B. N. Simran has issued invi-
tations for the marriage of his daugh-
ter, Miss Clara Willie Simrall to Mr..
lrma James Hart on Wednesday eve
ming, June LIST, at $50 o'clock at Ball
Ground, Mississippi Miss Simral1 was
the house guest of Mrs. Callie Klingen-
smith for several weeks few years
ago and is known by Hammond S
young society people. whom the an
nouncement will interest
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1910-05-19
MEETING WAS POSTPONED.

The members of the Ladies' Aid
Society of the Presbyterian church de-
cided to postpone the regular weekly
meeting which was announced for
Wednesday afternoon of this week
until next Wednesday afternoon, May
25th. The meeting will be held in
the church parlors and the hostesses
will be named later.