davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-09-24
Alkali Dust Preferred to Salt.
Centennial of Cotton Spinning.
From Fiber and Fabric.


Next year will be the Tooth anniversary
Of cotton manufacturing in Fall River.
and the occasion should be celebrated by
some demonstration befitting the largest
cotton manufacturing center In this coun-
try and the second largest in the world.
1t was in 1911 that Col. Joseph Durfee
promoted the first cotton mill in what is
now Fall River, then the town of Troy.
The original mill is standing, somewhat
renodeled as the result of fire in 1S43 and
Is located at the corner of South Main and
Globe streets, being used as q storehouse.
The mill was in operation as a cotton mill
for about fourteen years. and was after
ward used as a printing mill, SO that the
old storehouse of today deserves q much
better fate than to decay as a storehouse.
1t marks the foundation Of much of Fall
Rivers wealth and prosperity, and no
civic celebration would be too elaborate to
mark the centennial Of cotton manufac-
turing In Americas spindle city. Just
how many processes were carried on in
this old mill 100 years ago we cannot say.
But probably the yarn was spun on the
crude frames then in operation to very
limited extent.
It is said that the cotton. which came
from the south in sailing packets, was
distributed around the neighborhood and
hand carded and taken to the mill for
spinning. Then the yarn was sent out to
people near by who owned hand looms
and was there woven into cloth and re-
turned to the mill for sale and distribu-
ton. The first Durfee mill was not much
Of financial success. but 1t set the ball
rolling and helped build up spindle city
noted for its strong financial position and
it's able organizations Of manufactures Of
cotton.
since the first Durfee mill was financed
by Fall River residents, home investors
have been liberal supporters of cotton
manufacturing enterprises. and today we
find thirty-nine corporations operating
1900. 600 spindles capitalized at about
$31, 10000 This Is q record worthy q
celebration that could be heard all over
the country.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-09-24
GIRLS ON STRIKE
FIGHT WITH POLICE
Use Hat Pins and Other Weap.
ons, While 0nIookers
Cheer Them On.
Foreign Correspondence of The Star.

FOREIGN Correspondence Of The Star
PARIS. September Is. 1910.
The striking midinettes had their first
brush with the police the other day.
The girls, firing of mere passive resist
ance, invaded the Rue Reamur 800 strong.
Their first success was to surprise and
overwhelm two policemen who were doz-
ing on point duty all unconscious Of COM
ing storm.
Passing in, they entered the establish
ment the proprietor of which has made
himself specially obnoxious to them in
their strike. Forcing a way into the shop,
they at once set about wrecking the
place.
For a long time they had the field en-
tirely to themselves. Something like pan
demonium reigned throughout the build
ing.
Reinforcements Of police were hurried
to the scene. On their arrival the fight
became furious.
Girls Cheered by Observers.
Stock jobbers on the steps of the Bourse
abandoned their occupation and watched
the struggieTnow and then sending
cheer across the road as the girls showed
less daring. The electric cars were held
up by the large crowd that gathered in
the street.
A tall fair girl mounted the platform of
the Bourse du Travail and cried:
"Frenchwomen made the revolution!
Let us go out into the street. my sisters!
Thereupon the young women marched
out into the streets. singing the Inter
rationale"
The girls fought with the police furi-
ously. Hat pins, waist belts and scis-
sors were their chief weapons. These
they used freely, and, in some cases.
with serious effect.
Some struck wildly at the hands and
faces of the policemen who were gradual
ly gaining possession of the situation
Others chung to the iron ratings of the
Bourse.
Crowds Threaten to Take a Hand.
Perspiring policemen, without hats and
with torn uniforms, and even with bleed
ing faces and hands. dragged the girls
from their strongholds After much
provocation they began to lose their
tempers. After a show Of roughness
there was a shout Of indignation from the
watching crowds that were quite ready
to Join in the riot.
It was not until the police inspector
threatened to call out fire engine to
pump water on the girls and the crowd
that the road was cleared.
Six girls were arrested and were car
ried of in the arms of the police, as
they steadfastly refused to walk. Most
Of them were badly bruised.
or the police, few escaped some wound
from the hat pins an scissors. One man
was so badly stabbed in the eye that he
may lose his sight.
For some time the girls employed in the
dressmaking and millinery trades have
been disconnected with their wages. and
have been holding meetings at the Bourse
du Travail. They have been helped by
the male members of the Tailoring and
DresSmaking Corporation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-09-24
Purchases Northwest Property.

z. W. Charlton this week purchased.
through the real estate ofnces OF J. Leo
Kolb, O tract Of land extending from
Sherman avenue to 9th street between
Barry place and Euclid street. Il fronts
SO feet on Sherman avenue and lis feet
on 9th street. The property was secured
from several owners. ana 1t brought a.
average Of 30 cents square foot.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-09-24

location. giving the lot its just proportion
Of the total value Of the city block. The
computation based on these units may
then be made by clerks, just as interest
may be figured by clerks in q bank AFTER
the proper authority has approved
system by which their calculations are
to be executed"
Philadelphia Trying the System.
The city councils of Philadelphia have
voted $s5.000 to a special joint committee
for the purpose of trying out the Somers
unit system of realty valuation in the Six
central wards Of the city and In German
town. The Manufacturers Appraisal Com
pany Of Cleveland, Ohio, which controls
the Somers system. will make the ap-
praisal of wards 3, 8. Z. 8, D, 10 ana u
and If it finds that the system works
satisfactorily in these sections 1t PROB
ably will be put in operation In all Sec
tons Of Philadelphia.
The bill appropriating the money for
the investigation met with some oppo-
sition in the select council, but 1t passed
the common council without comment
The fact that the Somers system Is IN
successful operation In Cleveland Is be-
lieved to be largely responsible Tor Its
adoption in Philadelphfa.
The Cleveland company Will receive
SIC, COO for its services. and the remain
ing $4,000 will be divided between the
three real estate experts selected by the
committee as an advisory board, Tor
counsel and other expenses
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-09-24
Bourke Cochran House Leased.

The house at 1888 18th street. owned by
former Representative Bourke Cochran Of
New York. has been leased to Isaac T.
Mann, through Frederick May.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-09-24
Not Now.
From Punch.

From Punch.
Enthusiastic Lady Carried away by
the od-worid beauty of "As You Like
t1-Did you ever see such lovely cos
TUNES? All. YOU can't get material like
that nowadays.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-09-24
Uncertainty and Inequity Vanish.

when we get into the realm Of val
uing property upon the ability of men
to use it, we drop into uncertainty and
inequity; this habit produces q very
large part of our injustice in tax mat
tiers. BY ascertaining the value that the
community produces In a given city block
and dividing that value among all the
owners in that city block. each in pro-
portion to the whole, and then allowing
each man to work out his own saliva
ton, we arrived at an equitable and just
result.
when the Cleveland board began to
appraise property in districts outside Of
the first business district 1t divided
the city as nearly as possible into Sec
lions containing property Of . like char
acter. 1t would group, as far as possible,
although this cannot be done absolutely
the residence property, manufacturing
property and harbor property. AS fast
as section Is appraised in this way it
is diagrammed and the values placed
thereon are printed in the newspapers,
and the public is invited to discuss these
values In this way the community
knowledge Of values Is comparatively
easily obtained.
"When the appraisers have fixed the
unit values on the four sides of q city
block the appraisal for that block is
complete-that is. they have exercised
their Judgment as much as necessary for
the appraisal Of every foot of property
in that block: From these units 1t 10
possible to compute the value Of each
lot In accordance with Its size, shape and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-09-24
Going Abroad.
from the Yonkers Statesman.

from the Y0nkerS Statesman
What kind of q steamer Is that. papa?"
asked the little girl on shipboard.
That IL a tramp steamer, my dear"
''oh. do the tramps go to Europe, too,
Daaa 2,s
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-09-24

It pays to read the want columns Of
The Star. Hundreds Of situations are
filled through them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-09-24
Garden City idea Spreads.

Many other suburbs similar to garden
cities have grown up around Industrial
plants. In every case these are the re-
suit of private enterprise and construct
ed by private capital, but many cities are,
as municipalities. directly interested IN
the development Of their suburbs and
many own land on their outlying districts
or in their immediate surroundings. This
land is leased by the city or sold under
restrictions for the erection OF dwelling
houses for the working classes.
At the closing meeting Of the exhibit
ton the leading speaker made the main
point of his address the desirability and
the necessity Of removing all the hospitals
and barracks from the crowded portions
of the cities and changing these spaces
into Fairgrounds. Already Berlin Co
lo9ne and Dusseldorf have started laying
out Fairgrounds along American lines.
Heretofore the idea Of organized play has
has not been operative on the continent.
but they are awakening to realisation
Of its advantages, where the spontaneous
play of the country is impossible.
This exhibition has set a splendid pace
It remains for America to do something
which will surpass 1t. That the plans are
already laid for such an exhibition in
America is clearly evidenced in the pre-
liminary arrangements now being made
Tor the great civic-social exhibit to be
held in Boston In 1918.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-09-24
Judgment May Be Good or Bad.

1.-THE appraising of property is the ex-
.ercise of the judgment of the appraiser
in the fixing Of value thereof. This
judgment is good or bad as are the
ability and knowledge Of the appraising
authority. There is no system that will
furnish this judgment to any man. II
has been possible. however. to devise
system by which the appraiser may
more easily exercise his judgment. and
in q way that is exact and certain; but
finally the appraisal must be the judg-
ment, however reached. of the appraiser
himself. 1t is the duty of the appraiser
Of property to arrive at value to be
expressed in money, so that other men
may have the knowledge of his judg-
ment conveyed to them in way that
they can understand.
Il think. / will be able to show that the
Somers unit system does assist the APP
praiser of land and buildings in cities to
exercise his judgment more easily, more
cut adding to or subtracting from the
real judgment of the appraiser.
I'm this discussion we have to do only
with the appraisal or valuation OF real
estate in cities. The Somers unit system
provides for the measuring of values OF
village and farm property, but l will not
attempt a description thereof at this
time.
I'VE find that city real estate is made
up of two kinds of value, each to be as
certained separately. One Is the land
value and the other Is the building value.
This land value GENES into existence by
reason of the presence of the people of
the cities The buildings come from the
hand OF man, and their value by reason
of the necessities Of man. These two
kinds of value have never been success
fully mixed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-09-24
Site Values Count in Cities.

Taking up now the value Of land in
cities. we find that the land value Of a
city lot is simply a site value. The land
of a city lot may be fertile or it may be
barren. This has nothing to do with it's
value. This value arises entirely because
of it's location amid the people Of the
city lots varies as does the size and 10
cation of this frontage. The value IS
modified by the amount of land that IS
connected with the frontage. otherwise
called the depth Of the lot. Therefore
there are three things that affect the
value of the city lot. and I name them
in the order of their Importance. location.
size, shape.
In ascertaining the value of any par
ticular lot these three elements must
always be taken into consideration, and
1t is because of the existence Of these
three differing factors of value that We
find it practically impossible to compare
the value of one city lot with that of an
lots it is necessary to compare three
factors on the one hand with three fac
tors on the other, and the human mind
does not quickly, accurately and salts
factorily compare three things with three
comparisons in this way that produces
the uncertainty in arriving satisfactorily
at the comparative values of city prop
erty.
1T il largely because of the attempts
to make comparisons of lot values In this
impossible way that produces the wide
differences of judgment noted in social
ed expert opinions of value in our courts
and before our taxing boards. Each ex-
pert Views the matter In question with
many affecting factors In mind, and these
affecting factors are as numerous and as
different as there are experts. Heretofore
there has been no method devised by which
each expert would be compelled or even
expected TO employ factors for the basis
of Judgment the SAME IS other experts
attempting to solve the same problem
The use of the Somers unit system elimi-
mates the side issues or the subsidiary
factors of site valuation and simplihes
the problem to the end that different
judgments OF different men are weighing
only the same factor of value. This
makes II easy to use the judgment and
knowledge that the appraiser or expert
has. And when We make q task easy OF
performance. whether that task be men.
tai, physical or mechanical. we make for
eniciency and accuracy Of result.
somers System Does Two Things.
Therefore the Somers unit system
does two things at the outset that are
highly important. namely:
TT makes 1t easy for the appraiser of
land value to use the knowledge and
| Judgment that he possesses. and
| 1T makes 1t easy for others in the
| community to convey their ideas Of value
/ to the appraiser. thus giving him valua.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-09-24
The Best Value in
High-class Homes

ARE YOU LOOKING for real, genuine value at rock
bottom prices: you home that built better than
you could have built it yourself? If it will be well worth
while to see the admirably planned and supeby constructed
houses briefly described below 1t is decidedly refreshing
houses possessing features of excellence
and worth
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-09-24

Few subjects which concern a great
majority of the people of this or any
other community are capable OF arouslhs
more interest or of producing greater
variety Of opinions in a given space OF
time than the question of the hiking OF
real estate values. Washington diners
but little from any other city in the prob
lens which are brought before its paid
assessors in reaching the basic figures
upon which taxes shall be levied. And
the experiences of the local assessors
are similar to the experiences Of other
assessors in other cities in striking
mean level of valuation after hearing
the protests of interested property own
ers and the probably widely divergent
opinions of realty experts.
Washington, as the seat of the national
government, has many problems of it's
own because much of its land is owned
by the United States, and because the
United States is constantly acquiring
more land for use in. extending streets
or for the sites for public parks and
reservations. Many and bitter have been
the wrangles incident to condemnation
proceedings when the property of indi-
viduals is to be taken by and for the
public. Columns upon columns of cur
rent history have been written about the
widely different ideas of values held by
the Ofi1cers Of the government and by the
owners of land In the blocks between
14th and 18th street. Pennsylvania ave-
nue. and the Mall, whose property is to
be taken for an extension or the Mall:
Still more columns have been printed
about the adjustment of claims for dam
ages and benefits incident to the estab-
lishment of new grades along the line
Of the railroad tracks and around the
site OF the new Union station.
Disputations Always Expected.
And in this same way disputations are
to be expected whenever a new street
is extended, and when damages and ben
efits are to be assessed or distributed, in
proportion as abutting property is en-
HANGED in value or is harmed. In fact.
trouble always is in the air when the
property of any person or group OF. per-
sons is to be valued by supposedly
disinterested expert or board of experts
All phases Of this veXing subject were
discussed before the recent convention In
Minneapolis of the National Association
Of Real Estate Exchanges, in a paper
prepared by E. w. Doty of Cleveland,
Ohio. Mr.. Doty's topic was "A Scien-
tate and his paper. reprinted in full in
the current issue of the National Real
Estate Journal. contains a detailed ex-
PLANTATION Of the working of the so-called
Somers unit system. 1t is interesting
because of the answers this system offers
to the problem of fixing realty values.
The Somers system already is being given
thorough trial In Philadelphia. 1t
is in full operation in Cleveland and
other Ohio cities.
Whether the Somers system or any
similar system ever will be put in opera
ton in Washington. of course, is aues-
ton, but an exposition of it's merits, as
stated before the convention of real es-
tate men, may be interesting to local
property owners and to those who have
to do with determining property values.
In part Mr.. Dotys paper followes:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-09-24
CITY PLANNING POPULAR
EUROPEAN NATIONS AWAKE TO
MODERN NECESSITIES.
England and Germany Hold Edtca-
tional Exhibitions-Summary of
Results of Recent Berlin Show.

The tendency Of people to congregate in
large cities at the expense of the country
has made the housing problem more and
more difficult. European nations have re-
Gently enacted town-planning provisions.
and exhibitions similar to one held in the
I'D Regiment Armory in New York
year ago. designed to arouse interest In
the subject, are organized in many cities
of England and Germany. The most in
teresting exhibition In city planning that
has been held has just closed in Berlin,
and George B. Ford, writing in the Sur
vey, says that none can compare with
this one for seriousness or extent" Ac-
cording to Mr.. Ford's description, one
series dealt with the relation Of rent to
income, and here it was very interesting
to note that in Schoenberg typical manu-
featuring suburb Of Berlin, one-quarter
of the people with incomes of 100 to
LOO marks a year spend nearly one-half
of their incomes for rent. Also that above
or below this income people spend e de-
creasing proportion for rent In another
chart, comparing the proportion Of rent
to income through different periods of
time il was to be noted that during the
last ten years people with an income be-
low 1000 to 1880 marks q year have
been spending an increasing proportion
Tor rent. Wnlle ABOVE 1.OUU 10 LOW IldIkS
a year people had been devoting a de-
creasing proportion for rent. In another
very interesting chart, which showed the
number Of people and the kinds Of families
living in apartments of different sizes, it
was shown that in Berlin, with a p0pu-
lation Of two and one-han Millions there
are 10000 people living in two-room
apartments, of which 10000 are living
four people in two rooms and $1,000
three people In two rooms.
Small Towns Show Losses.
In another chart was shown the COM
parative growth Of the cities of different
sizes throughout the German empire. 1t
was quite unexpected to find that the
larger cities had increased so uniformly
at the expense of the smaller-in fact, in
towns below 5000 to 10000 Inhabitants
the actual number of residents had de-
creased while the total population OF the
empire had greatly increased, and it was
further true that the larger the city the
greater the increase of the population.
ment and reached its highest development
in England, but the idea OF 1t so appeals
to the other nations of Europe that. one
and all, they are trying experiments on
similar lines. In Germany the most inter-
esting cities of this sort are Hellerau,
near Dresden; Essen, which Is already
we'll known, and Parlach. near Munich.
In Switzerland a new garden city Is be-
ing created near Berne, and there is one
English prototypes. but In their details OF
streets and buildings they follow local
traditions. Hellerau Is cooperative.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-09-24
lonroe Street Between 18th and 10TH Streets.
Charmingly Planned.
Beautifully Finished

THESE HANDSOME HOMES have been universally
admired ONLY two of them left Note these points:
Pleasing exterior appearance Fine brckwork Solid oak
trim each floor Parquet floors Genuine white tiled
bathrooms with artistic fixtures Beautiful mantels. Stand
heating plants Oak stairways Best quality
hardware Fine decorations. Electric and gas lights Ex
large closets Heart Georgia pine poces Sanitary
kitchens. COME OUT AND SEE THESE CHOICE
HOMES. They will interest you. Open and lighted till
pm.
$3.50. Easy Terms.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-09-24
NEW PLAN SUGGESTED FOR
VALUATION OF CITY REALTY
Somers Unit System, as Explained Before
Convention of Real Estate Exchanges,
May Come Into General Use.

the three factors Of value, location. size
and shape. If we eliminate any two Of
these factors We can easily make a COM
parison. For instance, shape with shape
this lot is rectangular, that lot is square.
Or size with size; this lot is JOx1OO that
lot is 4Sx4S. Or location with location
this lot is on a street that Is twice as
good as a street containing the other.
Any one of these comparisons is intelligi-
BILE and certain. and any one can under
stand them, but combine all three on the
one side with all three on the other, and
we find we have a rectangular lot on a
good street to be compared with square
lot on a poor street. Who is there that
can accurately and quickly and satisfac-
torily determine the relative values of
those two lots?