davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1910-01-09

the amount of money by nearly sZV"
00O In 1908 the total number of for
eign missionaries reported was 1885: In
1909 II increased to 2l.s34. The statement
will surprise some persons that In 1903
the Protestant churches of the world
spent s24.6l3075 for foreign missions, as
against s22.S46 .465 the year before. THESE
increases. when the proportion they bear
to the total is considered, are remarkably
large and may fairly be said to represent
an unprecedented drift toward foreign mis-
sions on the part OF the churches.
In most other particulars the statistical
table shows gains for the year. There are
now enrolled 2O97, ,9S3 native communicates,
a net gain of 10000 over the preceding
wear. The total number Of adherents as
cribed to the mission body. which means
converts which have not yet become COM
municants and the friendly families of con-
verts. is 4.s66.66l. an increase of about
sixty thousand.
A still greater percentage of growth is
shown in the matter of students enroIed
in mission schools. The number OF these
is 1H3995 a gain of nearly three hundred
thousand in a year. The educational awak-
ening OF China and Turkey Is doubtless re-
sponsibe for "a good part of this.
There is one slump I'm the figures This
is inf the column marked native helpers" ."
A year ago this main body of Christianity's
army OF conquest was given as number
ing 9S 955: in the present table IL is set
down as 1922. The slump is wholly in the
British and European societies, the NUM-
hers for the United States and Canada
having shown a healthy increase. The
New-York tribune., 1910-01-09

gerald. Then I'll tell you the price the
people of Boston were sold for
And then ne went and showed the big ad-
vertisement which told the 200 subscribers
of The Republic" that the telephone COM
pany announced the sale of forty million
dollars worth of per cent gold bonds, and
reminded his heare $ that 1.600 of the 200
subscribers were city employees, whe bought
the paper for reasons best known to them
selves and never read it. The Congress
man said that he was unable to determine
the exact amount of gold bonds bought by
the subscribers hut it wasn't large. he said.
Then the advertisements of the elevated
road, the gas company and other public
service corporations were exhibited: by
Keliher. and every night people laughed
and said it was great joke.
II Hibbard Withdrew. Storrow's election
would be certain. Fitzgerald is clever
enough not to say the least. word about
Hibbard. and is hoping that he'll stay TO
the finish, which is likely. but Storrow
feels that the people will vtndicate them
selves in the eyes of the country. Every
where the election is being watched, and a
Storrow sweep is expected. The Curley
Timlty Councmanic slate is condemned
with the Fitzgerald candidacy by the Good
Government Association, and the country
sits in judgment to await Boston's verdict
Tuesday.
New-York tribune., 1910-01-09
Y MISSION FIELD
TWO THOUSAND MORE
WORKING THERE.
LARGE Gains an TOHers abroad
and IN Money by Protest.
ant Bodies.
BY William T. Ellis.

The immense meetings of iaymen to be
held in New York City from next Thurs
day to Sunday will probably do more to
concentrate the attention of the country
upon missions than dozens of the other
seventy-four city campaigns that have been
held or will be held during the present
winter The heightened interest of the
laity lends special timeliness to the sum-
mary of missionary statistics for 1909 which
THE Missionary Review of the World" has
just issued.
The two most noteworthy facts concern
ing the years progress of foreign mis-
sions by all Protestant bodies in the world
are that the number Of missionaries has
increased by nearly two thousand and
New-York tribune., 1910-01-09
YOUR BOYS LIFE WOFK---WHAT SHALL 1T BE?

reaches this position. but then he will e
getting there
Then. in all likelihood. he will go back
To. the powerhouse as dynamo ten>.er to
prepare him more thoroughly fer the 'ui-
portdnt advance to switchboard operator at
n sub-station. which is one OF the most i'm
pOrtant lesser places in the business. These
operators must stand their watch of a third
of d day with extreme faithfulness, as on
them directly rests the responsibility Of
correctly distributing the power through
the lines connected with that station. II
they permitted their attention 10 be divert
ed from their work for even Il moment.
sore sudden powerful change in distribu-
tion II current might take place that would
cause great damage. All this is shown on
Indicators above the switchboard reuuir-
ing almost IA constant shifting OF levers.
The pay Of switchboard operators at sub
stations runs from 81 to s. - "A day.
After demonstrating his earnestness and
ability at the sub-statiou, your now skilled
boy is again sent To the main poNerhouse
TO a. similar but more important work. nt
"A further advance of - cents IN his daily
wages The power distributed 10 the varl-
ous lines by the sub-stations is first .oner-
ated and sent out from the powerhousc.
/; will not be more than wear or two
now before your ambitious son has risen
To- be among tho best operators and gener-
ator men with the company. 1t is the policy
Of practically all street railway institutions
to advance their own men 10 the most re
sponsible places, as each compapv has
its own peculiar methods OF wiring and
operating, and II would take some lime for
outsiders. no matter how capable 10 master
these details. SO the superintendents keen
careful watch Of their workmen takin,
every palms 10 assist them In deyeloulng
New-York tribune., 1910-01-09

appearance had been changed in marked
manner
Before he is merged with the ranks of
the first grade convicts. the prisoner is
photographed twice. first before his hair is
trimmed and his face shaved and the sec
ond time following the operations. His
thumb print and the Bertillon measure
ments are also taken The physical exam
ination follows. This has a bearing the
form of occupation which he will be re
quired II take up for all the prisoners un-
less physically Incapable, are expected TO
spend eight hours daily in labor of some
kind. He is vaccinated. If he is tuberCu-
lous he Will be sent to the hospital. where
that disease is treated by the open air
method.
His social and physical status deter
mined, he mas an opportunity to express
his religious preferences. He Will receive a
Bible and a set of the prison rules, which
state the privileges of first class prisoner
1t is then decided to what form OF labor
he will he assigned.
New-York tribune., 1910-01-09
HOW TO CHOOSE CAR
IMPORTANT PARTS OF
AUTOS MAKEUP.
Cmburetor's Functions and
Yaried Types-HozC Gaso-
lene and dir MmgIe.
No :

The quantity OF gasOlens fo~cs5 ,,,. -.
the spray nozzle. as described IN IT,
ceding article Of this series in v-bi,t -,
general principle Of the carbure,or ~ -
scribed. must be In correct prooo-,to,. -
the volume of air IN the mixing c. =
to obtain the proper mixture This ,,,.,,t,
be simple enough il the engine vs~. -
always at the same speed. for In that -
the relative prsssUTss on the gaSoIena a.,
the float chamber and spray nozzle wouls
be unchanged But the speed OF the A.
CINE OF course Is by no means constz.
and for that reason the pressure Is a can.
stantIy shifting one
The more rapidly the pressure il reduced
land the speed of this reduction Increase,
with the speed OF the engineD the grea,s-
viii be the effect OF the constant pressu-a
in the float chamber which is not slbiar-
10 variations, and hence the more gasolera
will be forced out Of the spray nozzle
This viii result in too much gasoien4. and
in a mixture excessively rich To over
come this CONDITION. there is provided an
auxiliary air inlet. This prevents the
changing OF pressure TO meet the speed of
the engine. This inlet is closed when ths
engine is running slowly. opening to cor
respond to increased speed Thus. with
faster running of the engine. more air viii
be admitted TO make up for the increased
supply Of sasoIene.
To insure swift combination Of gaSolens
and air the gasoIene as Ct leaves the nozzle
is turned into fine spray, the ttp OF ths
nozzle being provided with minute open
ing. Often this tip is the seat OF the zasO-
Iene adjusting valve needle pointed rod
that is used 10 reduce or enlarge the
opening
Two points of adjustment are required IN
a carbur=tor having an auxiliary air inlet
one controls the flow OF gasOlene from ths
float chamber to the spray nozzle. the other
the admission OF the extra air The gasO-
lene must flow just freely enough 70 car
b,Iret fully the air passing through the
mixing chamber when the engine IS being
run at a low speed The auxiliary inIsr
valve must open 10 correspond with ~
creased speed. letting in enough air 70 kssp
the pressure reduced 70 the proper 70
DOrtiO0S
New-York tribune., 1910-01-09
THE WORLDS POPULATION.

Eyerythins is relative: and a back
ground for these important missionary fig
ures should be given a general statement
as to the worlds population. religious be
lfefs. etc. OF course. any statistics as 70
the worlds population must be largely con
jecturaI. The director of the statistical bu-
reau in Stuttgart. Germany. estimates that
there are 54451oOo0 people In the world.
OF this billion and a half of people, half a
billion profess some form of Christianity
Protestant. Roman Catholic. Greek Catholic.
etc. OF Mahometans there are 1I0,29O.OoO
and Of Jews 10s6O0o0. OF the remaining
So. 10000 heathens. Confucianism claims
Soo. 100000, Hinduism 2l4.OOoOoo and Buddhism
S2l 10000. That is TO say, out of every
thousand persons on the earth 34s are nom
inal Christians, ia are Mahometans, are
Israelites and $50 are roughly grouped as
pagans.
In the effort which Christianity is making
to convert these other creeds. the Bible
has been translated into more than five
hundred languages, four hundred mission
hospitals have been built and more than
five hundred orphanseS and asylums. to-
gether with 5000 schools and colleges and
$50 publishing houses. which have part
of their output 400 Christian periodicals in
mission lands, have been established.
With what missionary leaders call signs
of progress on every hand. there yet looms
ominously the shadow of the Crescent
Europe seems to be more concerned than
America over the signs that the Moslem
world entertains the thought of an armed
conflict with Christendom-
Certainly, in Asia and Africa Islam is
making rapid inroads into pagansm, 50
that Christian missionaries frankly say
that, while heathenism is doomed. Ma
hometanism seems more alive and aggres-
sve than ever. IL would be dramatic if
this modern crusade as the uprising OF
Christians in behalf of world evangelizatiOn
is often called. should finally issue in the
same conflict that marked the crusades of
the Middle Ages-the followers OF the
Prophet on one side and the soldiers of the
Cross on the other
New-York tribune., 1910-01-09

Charles W Morse should be thankful
thin silver lining to his cloud-that If he
was Obliged to go to prison If should be
to one like the Atlanta federal penitentiary-
This prison. in which he has just been
placed under the number 2,s4. illustrates
in its construction and routine of life, what
modern penoogists have decided to he re
quired in the reasonable and humane treat
ment of felons In the construction of the
buildings every effort was made to have
them conform 10 the modern standards for
the protection OF health. The disciplinary
regulations do not forget the principle of
reformation. and the value of self-respect
is utilized as reformatory agent.
When a convict enters the prison in
sense ne becomes another man. Ills iden-
t:ty is swallowed up in number. He
New-York tribune., 1910-01-09
The Atlanta Federal Penitentiary Is Said To Be
Model Institution of Its Kind.

stands a footing with every inmate OF
equal degree or untested behavior and has
ar opportunity TO start his new life right.
Before he. takes his allotted place in the
prison life he is required to take bath,
have his hair trimmed and exchange his
clothes for suit furnished by the govern
ment The style of his hair cut and the
character of his clothes illustrate the Off
Cial view of the prisoner His hair is
trimmed not shaven. after the manner of
the old school penoogy. The clothes, in
color and material a distinctive uniform.
are not stripes of the old convict Earb,
which carried with il the odium of a social
outcast The humanistic view of mprison-
ment for crime is further recognized in the
absence sof the lockstep. When Morse's
mustache was shaved off two deep lines
running from either side Of his nose to
the corners Of his lips We're revealed. His
New-York tribune., 1910-01-09
GEOLOGICAL puzzlE.

Italian zoolosjstS have pasr'e 70 S'''
cVtoS to the discovery Cn Mont Shane =
the body vi a white 0ear. woh has seet
brought 10 NOSta. tt was thouSht az -
thai the bear must have died some t'''S
hundred Years aSC and must hsve- -
preserved by the ice, since n has 9i"1
becN held that wh te SearS vanished -,
che Alps three centuries asO. But u t,S.,sss ~
since been demonstrated IhGt deatN SS Sss,,s
only have taken place few DAYS pIeeSssv
to discovery. As this would seem - ,irs.
that there are sun white bears - - -. tha
expeditions are - be sent - U.s. :
theory Dundee Advertiser.
New-York tribune., 1910-01-09
BOSTON Is BUZZING
IT'S ALL ABOUT THE
MAYOR4LTY FIGHT.
Fitzgerald Hungry, Storrosc
Stands for Decency and Hib-
bard Hates to Move.

Boston, Jan. s-"Who was 1t gave TO
Boston her publicity bureau. which was
kicked out OF City Hall when my successor
went in? Who was il made possible the
Chamber of Commerce through discussing
public questions night after night? Who
was II that raised the pay of the city la
horer. made possible the Commercial High
School. founded and banqueted through
Old Home Week? IT was l. John f. Fitz-
gerald
But who was il that conducted the
schools of Boston for years and who can
account for the ten millions spent even TO
q postage stamp, and who dared the head
Of graft TO present itself? Who was II that
was made the first president Of the Cham
Der OF Commerce and Is noted as demo-
cratic chap everywhere? Who; was IL that
decided TO sacrifice large business and per-
sonal interests and run for Mayor of Bos-
ton the one man who could beat 'Fitz'
] James J. Storrow-'
Yes. but Storrow Rothweli and the
whole bunch doomed me as the only man
that could beat .Fitz' two years ago, and
threw up the postmastership of Boston
20 go into the race. Who was it that re
fused TO withdraw this year. even though
lie had declared he would not accept a sec
ond term? Who was il thai saved mill
ION TO the city in year and whom the
tGoo-Goos' and the so-called reformers have
been trying TO eliminate a forlorn hope
end menace to Storrow? I'm the man. and
don't give hoorsh George Albee Hib-
bard. Mayor OF Boston
ITO blazes with the whole bunch, You We
cut out party designations lay the new
Charter. and stiH the whole crowd is play
ins for party sympathy. Me for the. fun
Republican vote and good government.
Yours truly. Nathaniel VI. Taylcr
New-York tribune., 1910-01-09
GASOLINE IS ADMITTED.

When the level in the foat chamber -
reduced. the 1Oat sinks and the valve potnt
is lifted. This admits gasolene fCorl ths
supply tank. and the fiost. rising. deV-sSseS
the valve point. shutting OF ths supply Oh
sasolene The valve adjusting the gaso-
lene flow is in the passage between the tost
and mixing chambers. and the main air n
let is in the side. the air being drawn
through the mixing chamber. past the noz-
zle. IN a typical CarbureJOr. the auxiliary
air inlet is a valve. opening inward. held
10 its seat by a spring. the tension OF which
is adjustable.
As the engine increases its speed and lnc
atmospheric pressure Is reduced the wave
opens wider and wider, The Sreater external
pressure overcoming the tension Of me cod
spring
In Carburetors % tSs central r''NlnS
chamber type the fOat iS usually made q
cork absorption Of Sasolene being preven'-
ed BY a free coat oS varnish. The air, en-
terins az the bottom, passes directly 10 '''
mixing chamber The extra air inlet 5 g
the top. substantially the same N coas''US-
tion and operation as in the other Npe
The mixture. however. passes out 81 -
side. and Is controlled by thFot'ie'
ahlinS the driver to regulate the I~'''''''
passing to the combustion space
In mechanically operated SaroUret''S '9
float and ulixinS chambers are similar I"
those in the side fiost chamber variety
There Is a variation IN the co2tr'. % -
auxiliary air inlet. however. as al'eadE n
diCatcJ. \ tube = attached - the 'oiN'Ni'
outlet. within which Is another Sl'dhas
tubs moved BY the governor aS u eNpsi'~S
or contracts With the sped Of the engine.
There are several openings IN the side OK
each tuNe. but these are not IN line Waea
the inner tube is ~ its inoloSt poSS'o'N
With thc iucye3SinS speed ~ the euSin',
however. the Sl;di0S tube is drawn cat. ana
one Sy,e,suz og more comes into lane Va
et,uivnlent cveuinSS in the other tube, aS-
miI,,aS air to thc mixing chamber. N''-
,!rsllv. the greater the spread of the ensias
tnc Sytate~ tire Openings and t.e a-neunt ..
air admitted.
Most carouretors are of Jse types 'nS'
have herr described IL is hardly H,oS-
SsvN 20 treat other types jp detail NJ ''''
time. out faeure reference may be H'ad- y
thtlll
New-York tribune., 1910-01-09

Hibbard was indignant and told them that
he hadn't come to see them and didnt care
hang what they thought. but Lodge sent
a ''fimsy' to the Massachusetts press rep
resentatives which said that Hibbard mad
been told his visit there would be inter
preted as one made for poiiticai support
AS Lodge vas not interested In Boston pol-
tics yet. and wanted the new charter given
a fair trial. he had told Hibbard that he
was indiscreet.
Now, every so often. particularly IN the
"off years" anybody that bucks the party
leaders is likely 10 get remarkably popu-
lar vote, and so the Lodge incident was
considered correspondingly important. HID
bard is helpless candidate as far as max
ing speeches goes. and he presents the
rather ridiculous appearance Of sitting on
the various platforms and letting ward poll
ticians and friends speak for him. While he
looks acouiescent and more or less foolish.
New-York tribune., 1910-01-09
OPERATION OF INLET.

This auxiliary inlet may be operated
either by the reduced pressure, permitting
the opening OF a valve, or by the governor
of the engine. opening the inlet with in
creasing and closing it with decreasing
speed The first type is known as ths
automatic type of carOuretor, bur il lacks
some of the advantages OF mechanical con-
trol-whieh was shown 70 be true in the
matter OF cylinder valves also In the
type in which mechanical control prevails
pressure is not a factor. the action being
in exact accordance with the speed OF the
engine
Carburetor design brings this part OF the
engine into two general types In one the
mixing chamber and the float chamber are
side by side; IN the other the mixing cham
Der passes through the centre Of the foat
chamber. The latter is the newer type.
greater cOmpactness and an effort 70 avod
effect upon the Carburetor from change OF
level in hiIly travelling being considerations.
There is a great deal OF discussion among
makers as to carburetor construction, and
much variation The test OF a carbU-stor
is in its performance, however. and that
should be carefully watched Hcl
mixture. but one good enough 70 secure 1ul
and free combustion. supplied ultirinsy
and without a break. is what Is vanta-
and as long as that IS obtained principla
of construction need not be a sOuzcs Of
worry. 10 the purchaser
But understanding of the Carouretor, as
has been said, is a prime essential and
therefore different models viii be described
In carburetors made on the first Plan
that Is. with the mixing chamber side oy
side with the float Chamber-the hoat =
likely 70 be a metal box. with joints cart
fully reinforced 10 eliminate leaks Is
motion. controlled by guides. is vertical, up
and down. and in this vertical motion,
controls the gasoIene inlet valve by rod
OF a separate valve stem a sepsraIe
valve stem is moved through The work of
rocker arm. controlled by the float This
is the construction generally adopted when
the gasoIene enters the float chamber from
below. a needle valve controlling the How
New-York tribune., 1910-01-09
BoSToN'S NEW CHARTER.

In this particular instance these inter
views are purely imaginary. but a differ
ent times the candidates for Mayor of Bos-
ton have expressed just these sentiments
fn the course of the present campaign
which is considered the most remarkable
in the history Of the city. For Boston will
start on Tuesday dressed in char
fer. which eliminates the cumbersome
Board Of Aldermen and Council, eighty
eight men in all and provides for the gov
ernment of the city by a nen-partisan
board of nine men whose names viii ap-
pear on the ballot without any party des-
ignation- To make this possible James J.
Storrow and his Chamber of Commerce.
the best elements in the city and every
body disguised with the revelations pro-
duced by the Finance Commission during
The Fitzgerald administration of 1906 '07
worked hard. and al the last minute. when
the plan before the Legislature. the
last man in the world expected to advo-
cate the new plan stepped into the lime
light-eX- yOr John {. Fitzgerald .,
Then SORROWS friends said that he must
run and small coterie got togcther-it
doesn't take many to put up candi-
date under the new rules-and Storrow was
named.
But Fitzgerald was an avowed candidate
for the mayoraity. no matter whst the con-
ditions were. and he was also nominated
Then Hihbard. who had expected that he
would surely be nominated instead of Stor-
row, sot busy. and in brief time ali
had the fve thousand names necessary
formally and officially to place can
didate in the race, while the resourcrfIl
and redoubtable General 'F'itz'' had a. sur
plus Of fifteen thousand names This ex-
cess of names Immediately became popu-
lar. ard all the candidates kept adding
10 their lists until nearly every body in
Boston was down somebody's supporter
nder the new charter Election Day
comes on the second Tuesday in January
The contest is now practically closed and
the judgment of the citizens Of Boston is
awaited by the world muckrakers, be-
cause many of the big magazines hayed
Fitz,' and they are threatening to do II
again II he wins So the Good Govern
ment Association, anointed of the anoint-
ed. made their annual edict more than
emphatic. 'Fitz' is unmentionable II he's
elected il viii be lasting disgrace. This
is what the organization says after a
careful perusal Of the candidates for
New-York tribune., 1910-01-09

slump may be more apparent than real,
owing to better bookkeeping. or II may be
that the retrenchments which certain Eu-
ropean societies have had to undergo are
responsible.
The figures for the United States and
Canada are differentiated In this table from
those OF European missionary agencies
Thus, Great Britain. with less than haif
the population Of North America above the
Rio Grande maintains 9.257 missionaries.
as against our 1871. The German societies
report 2.l31 foreign missionaries decrease
of 2l0 in the number listed for 1893.
In point of increased membership In the
field America went ahead of Great Britain.
The latter added 32,f2 converts. while
America reports 70.sso These latter figures
fall short Of those for the preceding year
by about 1900. The total communicate
membership of the American missions IL
7e9. .57s. while that of Great Britain Is 6oS2 30
Yet the British have 1915 mission stations,
while the Americans have only 1914
In the matter of money. the American
churches went considerably ahead OF their
British fellows, having total Of Sl.3l6.4oo
to their credit for the year 1899 while Great
Britain reported nearly 100000 less, or
sg5S4S $50. The Germans gave sl.869.9o4 ana
all other societies-EurOpean. Australian.
African, etc-gave an amount almost equal
to the German total. or s1.S50.G53. In addi-
ton to all these huge gifts-and possibly
more significant than them all-is the an
nouncement that the converts in the field
themselves gave s4,s5e,6o5. sn amount which
in purchasing power is almost equal to the