Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1910-07-13

x lions concerning the We
locity which Is necessary
to remove stones Of certain size
from their sideways. The transport
ing power increases Ga times with
each doubling of the velocity; SO that
IL you increase the velocity threefold
you have increased the transporting
power OF the water 729 times and II
you quadruple 1t you have increased
the weight OF the pebble which it
would move 4096 times. This at first
thought seems Incredible, but it is
nevertheless true, and prepares us to
appreciate the astonishing results that
are produced by running water.
Water moving three feet in sec
ond, or mile In six hours. will carry
along with 1t particles of fine clay
and keep them in suspension. Water
moving at twice that velocity will lift
and carry along with It iine sand;
while velocity four times as great
will sweep along fine gravel and water
moving at the rate Of two miles an
hour will carry along stones as big as
q hens egg. There is hardly any limit
to the size Of pebble that would be
rolled along by current Of six or
eight miles an hour, blocks as big as
houses being sometimes set In motion
and transported for considerable dis
tances.
In various ways one can obtain pos
tive evidence Of this power of water
transportation. II, for instance. he at
tempts to wade across the Platte
river in Nebraska, which is over
loaded with sand and has gradient
OF seven or eight feet to the mile, and
hence very rapid current. he will
find his bare legs stung by the par
ticles Of sand and fine gravel that are
driven against them. Or II after
storm one pauses to listen he will
hear what sounds like distant can
nonading, produced by the knocking
Of the stones together as they are
rolled along upon the bottom of the
stream.
The erosive power of a stream flow
ing over rocky bed is determined by
Its ability to shove along sand and
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sand blast, to remove the solid rock
beneath and deepen the channel of a
stream. In order to. do this, however,
there has to.ibe proper adjustment be-
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There are MANY striking examples
Of the work which has been accom-
plished by rivers in deepening and
widening their channels. We look
upon the rise of mountain chains as
being most majestic illustrations Of
the power Of natural forces. but the
fact Is equally impressive that in many
cases rivers which run across the line
of mountain elevation are able to wear
down their channels as fast as the
mountains rise and thus maintain
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