El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-09-17

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Time to Bud.
Pears and apples are budded two
years after the seed is sown. One year
( is saved by buying the stocks, which
may be secured for about 81 a thou
sand. They are set into the nursery
J row, cultivated and irrigated, and when
large enough, usually late in the sum-
mer of the year they are transplanted,
they are budded. Pear stocks are rails
ed more cheaply in France than in this
country and are usually imported from
there.
Forms of Budding.
There are various forms of budding
employed by the nurserymen, but the
one most in favor with successful pear
orchaTdists here is shield budding. 1t
is thus named from the shape of the
bark that is cut with the bud. The
process of shield budding consists in
first selecting cutting or bud stick
from tree of the desired variety,
choosing growth of the present season
and cuttings with strong, healthy, well
formed buds at the axis of the leaves.
Next all the buds on a stick are cut
almost off so that it will require only
a quick pressure of the knife to remove
them Then, making a horizontal cut
al smooth place on the trunk, as low
from it toward the ground. at the same
time loosening the sides with the steel
or bone blade of the budding knife.
Next cutting a bud free and inserting
the point at the top of the vertical
incision and pushing it into place This
done, the builder moves on to the next
stock and another man, or boy, usually,
ties the bark tightly over the bud with
soft cotton Irvine or other material
IN IL
have united and it becomes necessary
to go through the nursery rows and
loosen or cut the lfgatures to prevent
girdling
Buds Swell Following Year.
The budded trees are allowed TO re- |
main in the rows until the next spring |
When the budding is done at the proper |
time of the year, the inserted bud, /
which should be dormant does not |
swell until the following spring The |
sap rises in the spring and causes the /
buds on the stock to swell Then is
the time to cut the stock to about two /
inches above the bud, but not closer.
or else the end may become so dry that |
the bud will die, and no growth should
De allowed except that of the growing |
bud When the growth from the bud
mas reached foot in length, the re-
naming stump is cut back to near the
bud and allowed to grow over with
bark
How to Make Budding Successful.
For budding to be successful, the |
inner bark, or cambium layer. must
come in contact with the layer OF
wood in the stock The two
surfaces will grow together readily il
the bark be well tied over the bud to
exclude the air. Should the two sur
faces become dry at the points of con-
act, the bud will not unite with the
stock and Will die. In, taking the bud
rom the stick or shoot the bark bear
ng the bud is shaved off with an
nch7 or so of the underlying wood
some builders get best results by Slip
ping this small shield of wood out OF
he bark, but unless the wood is too
'Io or hard 1t is not necessary.
Condition of Sticks
The sticks bearing the buds are in
he best condition for use in budding
Vhen the trimmed bud has appeared
nd the wood is firm; the bark then
lips easily and the results are more
ertain- The leaves should be remov-
d when the shoot is cut to prevent |
hem from pumping the moisture out /
'ut enough Of the stems should be left
o facilitate the handling of the buds |
vhen introducing them under the |
ark of the stock.
In his nursery book, L H. Bailey de-
crlbes six methods of budding. one
Il which, shield budding was described
Dove Prong, or twig budding, is used
Mostly for dormant nut trees and diff
ers from shield budding in having 2
mort spur or prong attached to the
hieId instead of merely a bud.
Plate budding consists in playing a bud
VI rectangularly, without any wood
dhering TO the bark, upon a similarly
mapped incision made into the bark of
ne stock The rectangular incision on
ne stock is only made on three sides
no the flap of bark is brought over
he bud and tied securely.
In H-budding, a flap Of bark is lert
ooVe and below horizontal incision
men has been cut as in plate bud
ing.
Flute budding differs from plate bud-
ing IN that the flap is entirely renov-
ana the bud, with rectangularIv cu+
ark is placed as veneer over the
pace on the bark left by removing
lie nap. When a ring of bark is re-
loved from the stock and a similar
lece from the cion is placed over this
pace, IT is known as annuIar budding
emp budding, a mortise is cut in the
ASPAdOOO With a cn1D of bark
no wood bearing a bud cut from the
on. This is serviceable method for
Sc IN the spring when the bark is
ght and viii not slip
Tying the Buds
1t was the writer's privilege to visit
j. Smiths farm while his assistant
F. Cole, was engaged in budding
me $4,000 pear stocks that wera
rowing in numerous rows He had
I'd the slight ridges removed from
bout the seedlings and was comforta-
y seated on low, three wheeled wa
On bus1ly occupied inserting buds m
n this bark. With Mexican bow IN
the buds, he was able to bud from
90 to 1900 stocks a day
The stocks, imported from Franco
mere seedlings can be more cheaplv
own than in this country. had been
t out shortly before Easter of this
'ar IN rows wide enough apart 70
init OF thorough cultivation and
'out four inches in the row. This on
lied them to plant $4,000 or more
edIlngs on an acre of ground. LEFT
ace enough for comfortable buddinq
ID Tree growth, and made cultivatioD
sy- Before planting, the ground wes
ell leVeled, then furrOuzad o,a =