The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1910-11-27

always besn so much surroptitious gold
mining that Il il impossible to give tho
entire output Of this province. hut the
official recoris show that between iTco
and is2O gold tn the value % moro than
$50. OOO.OO0 was produced. The produc-
ton il not 30 great at press'nt. tho pre-
pondcrating low grade orc requiring the
latest improved machinery for profitable
working. Numerous iron outcrops, COM
posed of almost pure ore, are reported;
copper has been found here and in other
Stat"s. though little exploitation has been
done, and platinum il mined. Brazil
contains the largest mines OF manganese
that have been discovered. and this metal
promises 10 10 Of more value in the fu-
ture. Monaxits. an essential element in
the manufacture OF nantes for incan-
descent gas lights, is mined in large
Quantities and shipped to Europe.
Many precious stones are found in
Brazil. which for a century and half
held the absolute supremacy in the pro-
ducfion OF diamonds. until tho South
African fields were discovered. Experts
say that although tho number Of diamonds
IN Brazil to-day is far less than in South
Africa. the proportion OF what are classed
as first water with a tinge OF blush
steel in them. Is greater among Brazilian
diamonds than In any other country.
and Brazilian diamonds bring the very
highest market price. Heretofore the
methods OF mining have been very crude.
but quite recently American capital has
purchased the leading mines. and modern
machinery and methods have been intro
duced. So far as known no deep mining
Is required for diamonds In Brazil. as in
the case Of South Africa.
Three hundred miles from Rio lies the
second city in the republic. $40 Paulo. n
city OF marvellously rapid growth whe.s
the people arc remarkably energetic
thanks. probably. to the two thousand feet
of elevation. the latitude being the same
As the enervatiRg Rio) and the inhabitants
so progressive that the young women
shop unattended by duenna. something
which would be impossible in Rio Land
values In this city too are almost as
high as in New York. English il taught
in the public schools. and is a required
language before a degree 10 conferred
The city contains about 100000 Italians,
most OF them from northern Italy. and
the Governments Of the other States ars
initiating the methods Of Sac Panlo to
attract them. The policy. it may 5e
mentioned. 10 extremely liberal The red
soil OF this region Is good coffee land. and
near RiberAo Prsto arc situated the best
and largest coffee plantations not only in
Brazil hut in tho world. The coffee
king. Col. Francisco Schmidt. who came
to tho country a. poor immigrant hoy
nifty years ago. and hoed coffee treas for
al
coffee in one year. Mr.. Winter visited
this plantation and one near by almost
a. large. formerly the property OF the
family OF Santos Dumont. the aeronaut,
and now owned by an English company,
and he gives details as to the methods
OF planting. tending. picking. preparing
and marketing the coffee.
On the Paulista Railway our author
came across something Of which he had
never heard. the Villa Americana. This
settlement arose soon after the clos. OF
the civil war. when several hundred
Southern families migrated thith.r he
ca,ss the plantation system was similar
to that with which they were familiar
and slavery was legal. There are four
or five hundred America ms still living nj
Villa Americana. Some have moved to
other parts Of Brazil; soma have inter-
married with Braxilians: but in general
thew hav. r.r.;r.,, to-. O., a. .'s
cani.m n rn.v h.. ,.,,,..... - -.
Our author in .,,.....;r. .n,.." , .'H'
,he Uni,aS s,.,.s ,,.n.,a.. a.. .
colonies which ar. s.,.ri;.h.. 80. @
grs., ~ ,b. n.,i,,.. :, ,h.,. -. =.
ing TO tho mi xt,ir@ Of blood. and ms Church
,h.r. !. nv a;N.,,,,n .s s1"e'a. ,e
80, -, ", "" "As ecoe' 'hAs
osh~,s Il, -. ....,;.: .,,'I s ana
o.. :, e.. ..,.s;"". W. n'ss'Ia." 'his'
- 49,. ss-... -. '"' o"u'heIhers
a,s... -. o"' VI same'ons'
-, -. - po man"
. - ao seneru farming.
- a.. S..i",a e., - .''e STONY y, VINO mao
=. ....,''.sna. D". ''u WI. "'h'"r that
.s' - ,. mistake: 'houRn
.. - ~. NJ 'hs tI""' ana
80" - -. w 10 iA,e 70 saerih'~ what
~ " NJ" NOV nacS nut