davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Evening standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1910-1913, 1910-10-08
Earth Closets for Farms

ONE great disadvantage OF life in the coun-
" try is the makeshift arrangements which
often Favc to serve in place OF a water closet
1t Is not alone the cost OF plumbing that
makes water closets such a luxury, but the
cost of getting an adequate water supply and
putting In disposal system
The substitute for the water closet is too
often the ordinary privy with Its vault.
which. whether 1t be tight a teaching
one. is always source OF danger to nearby
wells. and never be made anything but a
nuisance.
Tho earth closet. as every one knows. is
a sate and efficient system. but IL is usually
badly managed and only half taken care of.
Improper materials are used in 1t, and 1t is
altogether a bother A satisfactory earth
closet can be made. however. in tho following
manner:
A section of twclvc-inch vtr1ed drain
pipe is used as receptacle the end with the
collar being uppermost and touching the
under side OF the scat. The lower end Is
foot from the ground and can be reached
from the back. where there is small swing
ing door.
Two sections OF pipe might be better II
tho ground slopes. allowing a greater height
at tho back as 1t would take longer for the
Garth to pass through. but we found that the
The Evening standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1910-1913, 1910-10-08
Farmers Are Prosperous

IN WRITING on the prosperity OF theAmer-
saloricd newspaper editor in tho United
States. says:
The farmer in all ages has been the
who has fed all the others and who has got
in return barely enough to feed and clothe
himself
Tho farmer has always been tho last in
the worlds history 10 share In better condi-
tions. But his turn In America appears to
have come.
The farmer is twico as rich to-day
he ever was in the history of America.
The farmer. though you may not know
IT, buys half of all the automobiles made in
America, or more than half.
THE farmer gets for his hogs. alive
and squcaling on the hoof. just double the
amount that he was very glad TO get few
years ago.
He gets more for his wheat. for his corn.
his eggs. his butter and milk.
And, besides getting bigger prices, the
farmer thanks to scientific agriculture. gets
more out OF each a&e-
you understand of course that every dol
lar added to the price the farmer receives
Tor food produced means a dollar added TO
the cost OF living.
"The middleman simply adds to the price
he charges you every increase in the price
raid tho farmer
TT would be impossible to say just how
much the income of the farmers has In
creased during the past years. but the sum
is enormous. running into the thousands of
millions.
The Evening standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1910-1913, 1910-10-08

THE daIryman finds that corn has the
1 largest place OF any OF the farm crops
I'm his business OF milk production. OF the
two principal nutrients required by the
dairy cow corn yields one in tho most whole
some form in the largest amount per mere
OF any crop This means that when milk
production Is considered economically. corn
and alfalfa must be recognized as consti-
tuting the main part OF a cows feed They
balance each other as well as any other
combination OF two feeds.
owing to the fact that corn can be mado
into sil1Ee successfully to supplant the need
Of green feed during the winter months thus
stimulating the fow OF milk. II IS OF double
value to the dairyman. In this respect IL
has no equal Where mon have tried to
produce milk sllage alone they have
failed, as the corn plant is deficient In pro-
tein so necessary for muscle building and
for supplying nourishmcnt 10 tho cells
Therefore nlfalfa -or a like feed must be
given to furnish the protein. AS tonic"
corn ranks high. and no matter what invcs-
tigation may show as 10 the superiority OF
The Evening standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1910-1913, 1910-10-08

cement Cor gravel and cement when gravel
is uscd) together dry and then adding the
water.
Clean gravel makes q fair concrete when
IT contains two parts OF rock TO one part Of
sand This should bo tested by screening the
sand from the gravel and measuring each
The large stones should be discarded or
crushed before using. Tho moro sand there
is in the gravel the more cement Is required
to make, strong concrete,
There are plain and definite reasons for
all these requirements, and none Of them can
be ignored without taking something from the
quality OF the concrete In making up the
different mixtures it is carefully figured 70
use sand and rock In such proportion that
all volds or air spaces between the grains
and particles of the material shall be nlled
There are four recognized mixtures OF con-
crete as follows:
Rich Mixtures. 1-2-4-one part cement.
parts sand ! parts crushed rock, This Is the
strongest mixture and is used TO make water
tanks. porch floors. roofs. fence posts beams
silos and wherever great density and strength
are needed.
Ordinary Mixture, 1-21z -5-One part o;
cement, 2k parts sand parts crushed rock
This mixture is used in the construction OF
walks floors upon a solid foundation and
thin walls where ordinary strength is re-
quired.
Medium Mixture, l-3-6-One part cement
parts sand. G parts crushed rock Used In
The Evening standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1910-1913, 1910-10-08
Building Up the Flock

| WOULD not think of depending altogether
i on old biddy TO do the Matching. There is
Il great advantage over tho sitting hen In
using the incubator and brooder The incu-
bator never leaves the eggs. IS always ready.
Will care for as many eggs as fifteen hens
and with as little bother as one hen and
there are no smashed and dirty eggs to WASH
and fresh nests to make. Ny incubator Is 4
150-egg machine, hot water make. and is 4
very good one.
feed chiefly corn and oats. some wheat.
some poultry powder and the vegetable
scraT1. The iced consumed was worth about
$50 which was really more than il would
have been II they could have had free range.
but as We have very close neghbors havo
to keep my chickens pcnned In good part OF
the year 10 keep them out of mischief
Chickens raised in brooders are easlar
The Evening standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1910-1913, 1910-10-08

constructing foundations under corn cribs
heavy walls piers and abutments
Lean Mixture. 1-iS--One part cement. s
parts sard. parts crushed rock This mix
turc Is for footIngs and places where volume
and weight arc needed but not great tensile
strength
Note that each mixture calls for Just
twice as much rock us sand. When gravel
is used the proportion Is one part of cement
with four to nine parts of gravel. according
10 the amount of sand in the gravel
When a smooth surface is desired upon
the concrete, as I'm the case OF walks. floors
and walls, a dressing composed of ono part
OF cement TO about two and one-half parts OF
sand is spread over the concrete and trow-
eled down smooth but too much working of
the surface is detrimental. The sand and
cement should be mixed dry and then wet
TO form a thick mortar which spreads we'll
but does not run
Concrete VIII not entirely resist the pass
ngc OF moisture. although the richer mix
lures Will keep out most OF It. a water
proof material must be used In the mixture
or applied TO the outside or to the under side
In case OF n floor TO entirely resist water.
The cement. sand and crushed rock should
always ,bc measured and the eNact proportion
of each used. Guessing at the amounts. as
the number Of shovclfuls. should not be
allowed The best way is TO mix the cement
and sand dry. and then wet the mixture to
the consistency OF mortar before adding the
The Evening standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1910-1913, 1910-10-08

bacteria. and the process is then one of oXl
dization. which means the loss OF all the
valuable fertilzng elements: and 1T pays to
save these for the garden. Earth is pleasant
to use and seems 10 have deodorizing quail
ity not possessed by sand.
The distinct advantage of the tile pipe is
Its clean. nonabsorbcnt surface 0t can be
washed off weekly with hot water) its round
shape. connnlng the mass within small limits
and making it possible 10 use minimum
quantity OF earth with the most effect.
In practice two scoopfuls Oess than n
quartz Is sufficient 10 cover. The pipe is easy
TO empty with shovel. much easier than Il
Is to take out heavy pailful or than II is
TO have box drawn away TO be cmptled.
And there are no drafts In such a closet
Q. D. LAY.
The Evening standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1910-1913, 1910-10-08
Avoid Cheap Fertilizers

L ARMERS arc continually being reminded
that low grade fertilizer should te avoid
ed These cheap miXtures have nothing 10
commend them TO those who would create
demand for them except their apparent
cheapness. However. it Is safe to assume
that this cheapness Is only apparent be-
cause the cost 10 the user OF the actual plant
food contained In cheap fertilizers (Which are
OF poor quality necessarily Is certainly not
less than that of the same amount OF plant
food In goods OF a higher grade. No "off
grade" fertilizer should be sold, Dealers
should not handle them because thcy happen
to carry a more attractive margin of profit.
and manufacturers should not make them,
because those who understand their business
know that farmers should not buy them. II
a purchaser desires n complete fertilizer he
should seek a good one. Tho sale of a mix
ture consisting of acid phosphate with small
amounts OF materials supplying nitrogen and
potash should be discouraged by all dealers
and makers who have the best interests OF
the business at heart.
Complete fertilizers should be guaranteed
to contain not less than 165 TO per cent OF
nitrogen and 1.50 to 2 per cont OF potash
Mixtures containing. e g., O.S2 per cent OF
nitrogen certainly cannot be advised These
cheap fertilizers can find no extensive mar
ket except that resulting from Incorrect
ideas in regard to actual plant food values,
and they have some tendency TO demoralize
the trade in merltorlous goods.
The Evening standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1910-1913, 1910-10-08
Electric Light on Farms

THE Introduction OF tungsten lamps is
L doing much 10 advance tho use of cleo
tricity on farms. II Is possible for the farm
with a small plant driven either by a
gOsoline engine by domming a small
stream to obtain suf9cient current TO light
his house and barn with this economical tvpe
OF incandcsecnt lamp. The use OF electricity
on tho farm. By tho way. IS growing. and as
pointed out by the Electrical World. farmers
Will in time como TO consider electricity n
necessity Then 1t viii be found profitable To
establish central generating stations for
farming districts TO take tho place OF the
small Individual plants now being Installed.
The Evening standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1910-1913, 1910-10-08
Manure for Hay Land

w HEAT, corn and other crops arc
w moro improved by rotation than hay.
The Minnesota experiment station shows that
plot continuously cut for hay tho last ff-
teen years has given an average yield OF 1.I3
tons per acre. while on plot under three
year rotation of wheat. clover and corn hay
has yielded the last ten years an average OF
20 tons per acre.
In q lve-year rotation or wheat. timothy
and clover, pasture. oats and corn. the hay
has yielded an average of SO tons per acre
since 1900. Eight tons OF manure per aero
wero applied once in five years on the flve-
year rotation plots.
The Evening standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1910-1913, 1910-10-08

soaked through I would squeeze It as dry as
possible and feed much as they would cat
carly I'm the morning. then In a couple OF
hours give them wheat ground in the coffee
mill also parchcd corn ground tho same as
the wheat. fed in this manner four or Avo
tines 4 day Tor a week ten days; then
fod only three times n day. After they were
two weeks old ] quit feeding rome and gave
whole wheat and coarse ground and
oats. kept brollcr teeth (Which is crystal
grit, bone and oyster shells mixed together
and made fine enough for the least chicks).
bran and charcoal by them all the time. with
The Evening standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1910-1913, 1910-10-08

distintegratlon and deodorization were COM
plete in summer i'll one length OF pipe II the
time taken for the Garth to pass through Il
WAS about ten days, II is safe 10 allow one
length of pipe for every threo persons
Onco week wheelbarrow load OF good
earth. rotten sods leaf mold is put in tho
boxes at the sides OF the pipe twhcre It can
be reached by raising the whole seat which
Is hinged at the back) and barrow load IL
taken out at the bottom OF the pipe and re-
turned to tho garden
The pipe Is never enlptiod completely. but
continuous process OF putting in at the top
s0d taking out at tho bottom Goc9 on, so
The Evening standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1910-1913, 1910-10-08
Silage as Dairy Food

Q ILAGE is ono OF the best foods for dairy
- COWS in winter. 1t is easy 10 handle ona
n sllo is recommended by tae Minnesot, ex
per!ment s. ion TO farmers having fifteen
CO. or more An ordinary sllo. buut or Iun.
Der Is good for ten or fifteen years Che
cost OF the building. machinery Tor loading
the silo, and all expense OF growing the corn
and getting It into the silo docs no, cxcce5
500 ton Owing 10 tho cost or the siIo IL
Is not thought practical for farmer having
less than ten TO hiIeen cows to bul,a one
The Evening standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1910-1913, 1910-10-08

The machinery necessary for the work will
be q sllage cutter with blower attachment
TO life the silage and a traction engine TO
run II This latter is usually hired from
some threshcr at so much per day. The corn
for the sllo Is usually cut with corn binder
and care should be taken not to make the
bundles too large. long. low. fiat rack
placed upon an ordinary farm wagon which
has been first heightened out TO give full
load between the wheels by laying the corn
IengthwiscA makes a convenient outfit for
hauling tho corn to tho cutter Low wheeled
wagons are sometimes used TO good advan-
IA
The Evening standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1910-1913, 1910-10-08
1000 Roses on One Bush

A LANDSCAPE gardener in California
n has started horticulturiSt9 by an
nOdncing thet he IS planning TO graft 1000
varieties OF roses BUSH and that he
expects the bush 10 show the bloom OF al
most every variety OF rose known In this
country. He claims he has over 100 varie-
ties already blooming on one bush,
The Evening standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1910-1913, 1910-10-08
CORN AS A FEED FOR COWS

n part though not all. of a ration for dairy
COWS
Corn also Is food for calves fed on skim
milk. since II supplies the rat removed by
the sklmmins OF the milk Ground corn is
better than oilmeal, bran or shorts. since
the latter are rich and poor in the same
constituents and much In the same propor-
lion as skim milk
The Evening standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1910-1913, 1910-10-08

plenty Of clean drinking water. and how they
did Growl
| sold nlce lot OF them at II weeks old
that weighed nearly two pounds each.-Mrs
Mary Hirschdcld. Ohio.
The Evening standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1910-1913, 1910-10-08

ia tablespoonFfuls of Hess poultry panacea.
mixed with sour milk to n very stin dough
and baked several hours.
would take a small piece and pour boil
Ing water over II and as soon as II was
The Evening standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1910-1913, 1910-10-08

that the waste is completely absorbed and
broken down by bacteria
1t is important TO use good. moist earth
full of humus. and light and friablc Sand
road dust win Lot do. because it lacks the
The Evening standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1910-1913, 1910-10-08
Questions of the Feed Lot
Professor Hsr6s,. ". SumfOrs
iBicos College " h5rieaiturS
Short Talks on Feedinq

\AJH HEN IS tho proper tlmo to cut corn to
w put into the sllo. and what machinery
Is necessary to do this work2
Concerning the stage OF maturity In which
10 cut corn for the sllo. quote from n bulle-
tin OF tho Kansas agricultural college de-
partment OF agricultural education:
Corn should be cut for the so when II ia
fairly well matured; that IS. when the kc,-
nel5 are in what is known as the dough
stage all or nearly all of the kernels being
dented. At this time the lower leaves will
be nearly OF quite dead The following table
which Woll quotes from the experiments OF
Professor Ladd. shows the rapid Increase of
food materials with tho advancing age OF tho
corn:
3ai;'lS 81; s. is9. s9sis : Asss %st G31.'s "
ss:;: $:;:. f:s9' Eos $ 55! s$ s5ss3
9saa. 9.S a5:; s 5 s2!5 a5 s55 s s55 3S55 ls5 st5
eigds protein. 1sS!i 255s is6.s 175.f ci5.o Gi7s
Nitrogcu-frce
extract (stareh.
c,S9s gs'T s'e Sss9 iIs9a 2o @sSs SS 'sTs
While the more mature plant Is slightly
legs digestIblc than 1t Is at an earlier stage
OF maturity. the gain In total nutrients more
than offsets the loss I'm dgestiblllty. IL has
been shown also that the loss of nutrients In
the sllo due TO the intra- molecular activity OF
the living plant cells when flrst placed In the
sllo Is much Grcate5 In immature than ma
turc plants. The later stage of maturity also
avoids handling an unnecessary amount Of
water in the plant There iS however. dam
ger In allowing the plant to become too dry.
as In that case II Is difficult TO pack 1t In the
silo tight enough to exclude the air and pre-
vent fermentation
The Canada Experimental Farms Report
for 1896 gives the following determinations
of dIGestibe matter In corn OF different stages
Of growth.
The Evening standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1910-1913, 1910-10-08

When everybody else is satisfied the re-
ermer has the blues.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1907-1917, 1910-09-01
THE. .JEFFERSONIA
Ljve Stock and Other TOPICS

A number of appeals come to the
writer for advice on divers and sum
dry subjects. My rule is to answer
in detail to the best of my ability and
experience. Oftener than otherwise,
l speak from experience. Two years
or more ago. I had about the same
time inquiries from ladies, living
four to six miles from a city. Each
found herself in possession and in
charge of a herd of Jerseys. The
situation was new and perplexing to
the good women. The experience of
one was practically the experience of
the others. Repeated efforts to sell
the milk produced by the herd proved
fruitless. In every instance it was
the story of the buyer, cit is naught,
it is naught,' sayeth the buyer.
One of these ladies adopted the
course suggested to be pursued. She
bought number Of Berkshire pigs,
laid in a supply of dairy appliances,
such as baby separator, an imprOv-
ed churn, a butter worker, etc. In a
short time she progressed sufficiently
to test her courage. She made in
quiry of several leading retail grocers
for country butter. They offered
nothing but the Elgin brand and
counterfeit Goshen butter. To the
question, ''Why do you not handle
country butter?" the answer was be-
cause we cannot get it. Could you
sell it if supplied? Oh, yes, quickly.
At what price? Thirty-five to forty
cents per pound.
The lady withdrew, having pur-
chased pound of Elgin for compari-
son with the brand she was having
turned out at home. In day or two
she returned to the store at which
she had obtained the Elgin butter,
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1907-1917, 1910-09-01
FREE
RHEUMATISM
CURE
The Worst Old Cases SOlicited-Cures
Through the Blood Where All Else
Fails-Remedy Tested for Past
30 Years-ThOusands
Sing It's Praises.

Aching bones, swollen joints perman-
emily cured through the blood by talk
ing, internally, Botanic Blood Balm (B.
b. 3D. 1t has made more people who
suffer from rheumatism happy by cur
ing them than any other remedy.
Ii you have bone pains, sciatic or
shooting pains up and down the leg,
aching back or shoulder blades swol-
len joints or swollen muscles, difficulty
In moving around so you have to use
crutches; blood thin or skin pale; skin
1tches and burns; shifting pains; bad
breath; 1umbago, govt, take Botanic
Blood Balm (B. B. 3D. which will re-
move every symptom, because b. b. b.
sends rich, tingling flood of warm,
rich pure blood direct to the paralyzed
nerves, bones and joints, giving warmth
and strength just where it is needed,
and in this way making a perfect, last
ing cure of Rheumatism in all it's
forms.
b. B. Il. has made thousands of cures
OF rheumatism after all other medi-
c1nes, liniments and doctors have fail
ed TO help or cure. DRUGGISTS, $1.O0
PER LARGE BOTTLE, with directions
for home cure. SAMPLES SENT FREE
by writing BLOOD Balm Co., Atlanta, Ga.
Describe your trouble and free medical
advice given. Mention The JeffersOnian
when you write
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1907-1917, 1910-09-01
a WOMAN'S APPEAL

To all knowing sufferers of rheuma-
tism, whether muscular or or Inc
pains in the kidneys or neuralgia
pains, TO write to her for home treat.
ment which has repeatedly cured all or
these fortunes. She feels it her duty to
send it to all sufferers FREE. You
cure yourself at home as thousands will
testify-no change of climate being
necessary. This simple discovery ban
ishes uric acid from he blood, loosens
the stiffened joints, purifies the blood,
and brightens the eyes, giving elasticl-
ty and tone to the whole system. II
dress Mrs. M Summers, Box 460, South
Bend Ind.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1907-1917, 1910-09-01

up. There is too great a disposition
to cross one breed on another. We
should breed true to name. Even
where the purpose is to produce
swine for slaughter, it is wiser to
preserve the breed intact and separ-
ate. In a case which involves COM
mon stock, where the object is to
produce a marketable grade, it is
a high-class boar of either Of the
breeds above mentioned.
A Wilkes county, Georgia, farmer,
whose cotton was destroyed this year
by storm, instantly took new cour-
age and turned his attention to rails
ing hogs as means direct of re-
coupling his losses He has gone
about the work in the right spirit
and is sure to succeed.
Inasmuch as hogs must, under the
law which requires the fencing of
stock rather than crops, have a re-
stricted run and a pasture deficient,
in very large measure, of the essen
tials which are provided by the old
time stretch of woods, special atten-
ton must be given to the question of
feed. Hence, in case of sows in pig,
an ample ration of skim-milk and
shorts or wheat bran must be fed
each day. This is prerequisite to
satisfactory narrowing.
Until frost, no better green food
can be found for pigs and hogs than
sorghum and Spanish peanuts, with
dash now and then of soy beans.
The beans and the peanuts are in the
milk just now, so that the tops as
we'll as the beans and nuts are readi-
ly eaten by young and old swine.
Sorghum, which is daily increasing
in quantity of saccharine matter, is
relished by the hogs, and is fattening
in effect.
When the word sorghum" is used
(and under protest) reference is had
to the richer canes of the sorghum
family, namely, Links Hybrid, Am
Der and Orange cane; for the reason
that, as soon as the stage of growth
when vegetable wax appears on the
stalks is reached, there is no green
food comparable to that supplied by
the canes named.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1907-1917, 1910-09-01
PAGE FIFTEEN

carrying with her a sample of her
own make in neat wrapper The
result was the grocer agreed to take
the output of the lady's dairy at 80
cents a pound the year round. That
solved the milk problem. The skim
milk, mixed with wheat bran or
shorts, was fed to the pigs, which
grew apace and betimes We're turned
into dollars.
Experiment, Ca, August 20, 1910.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1907-1917, 1910-09-01
BY Martin v. Calvin.

LARGE number of inquiries
are afloat throughout the
IHI State as to the desirability of
= the Berkshire, the Duroc-Jer-
sey, the Tamworth and the Poland
China-the one over all the others.
Generally speaking, that is largely a
matter of preference. One can do
very much more with the frst-class
breed which he fancies than with any
other for the good reason that he
has faith in his judgment and in that
breed
Given the four breeds under one
hand, all high. bred and properly
cared for, it would be very difficult to
choose between them in the round
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1907-1917, 1910-09-01

When writing to advertisers please
mention THE JEFFERS ONIAN.