The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1910-08-28
THE new FARMER IN RUSSIA
pgOG HI>S OF THE HREAkING
IrOF IHE ON COMM MES.
A Clansr omlns over the Face of the
sud IN Russia state Helping tn
establish independent Farms Point.
al Meets OF the New system.

| ga lHrri- OF ihe New system.
-. O.. rsRSRURo. Aug IL 4 change il
| ..... a. yer the face " the land in Russia
| F,.. ,.. -allrnad traveller cannot help
| .,....,.., .. an occasional new little habi-
L ....r with surrounding signs of mans
Pm o." sight repeats itself often
/ .r,.g. m long journey Co arouse the
/ attention. g any ono used To the tenant lees
Il ... q rN" plains IN the after harvest
.ts l. - the hu,Or. or farmhouse,
Il r.. tu'uos'ead of the man who has
4 Adopted no new land holding system
4 ma ..t.uual IN Russia.
II ..- traveller instead of pass,nR
FIR. .Nn To town by train ~ driving in
l ire rS sar two horse wagonette Of rural
,r,r- - along the often depIorahle
4 rst- u" viii find that this change has
Il gwen 't" 'IlieT ~ the soil something that
-..> nl~ spirit For over a month the
/ W-,'.r as h"en visiting families ON the
f.rr..r, and pasture lands II Pskon and
L ~ 81 provinces and has passed his
tr-,s ia the company II the new farmers.
L Of ~" N adherents u the commune of
the estate owners. or pom'sichiks and
N members % the Land Organization
L Commission the authority with which
peDantS have TO deal when they leav"
the commune and take up ownership
fans
| socially the peasant life ~ Pskoff and
yr,snsk IL lower than in the nature favored
hack earth regions ~ PoltavA and the
southwest. hut 1t is higher than in Samara
/ or TIA ~ the many provinces where the
means ~ transportation have been left
10 chance Indeed the cross railroads
ona running due south from ST Peters
burg - Vitshsk and the other northwest
through Ryhr,ik and Moscow 10 Windava
on tho Baltic coast. account for the in
4 Vulnerable focks 10 geese. for thu pigs
and FOR the cheese factories that supply
tn foreign markets
Neither the new farmer however nor
his critics have the foreign market much
IN mind in their disputes over the fate ~
the new land system They ara con
cerr~d - know whether under il the land
vwll produce more. whether tho home
i market will he organized to furnish a
Il God exchange for the produce and
uharh~r the purchasing power II IN.
Russian field laborer Will rise from ia
present position of the lowest among the
white men Of IN" world
/ ~ a general impression il should ha
a,i that even the landless peasants a.
FAR as could he seen IN n months inquiry
- NOT display the psnurv thar the agony
| mon gers have been wont - describe
l Possibly last years great harvest and tha
| mun' than average crops 81 this year hav"
| red everybody a little above want but
ne unhesitating helping hand of IN.
t~'rer ~ peasant to his n"iRhhor was
| mquestionably the real explanation Of
| Vsv none has 10 face daily hunger.
The real trouble has been that where
no peasant and his family have had jus;
| a1ough 20 eat and Ia shelter them no work
| hat they could turn their hands 10 on the
| village lands 90 which their lot has been
| led could move them ont Of that pre-
,arious. narrow margin Of sustenance.
which knew of no such thing as savings
and scarcely ever saw the currency Of
| he country The pick of the survivors
u that heart deadening ordeal furnish
he volunteers who have taken up the new
| farms
Az seed time Of this wear 'ney had
| entered into occupation 81 over three
| million acres in Russia. and the creation
| ~ peasant farms proceeds steadily. The
ON viction that theirs is TO be the domi-
L ran' system Of land cultivation in Russia
outside Of the big farms in the southwest
II ais even hIuoUk " VIZ
Il system
i am against the hvtors. said a south
l 81 Pskoh landowner 1T VIII make II
more dificu't for va 10 get hired labor
4 TO- 'ta and that We farm our-e'ves The
PEASANTS that have gone out Of the com
ugra are now too busy building on their
rev farms. fencing and digging bitches
?. work for us in their spare time The
4 ~ hing in favor ~ the scheme IL that
rs giving them a piece Of property IL
r1av make them respect other peoples
tN ,ng.ug--
Tie binding work that is absorbing
~ row farmers in this after harvest
s"ssr0 due 10 their moving bodily ont
from ne commune cluster 81 wooden
l kCo''agas which have been the residence
tof 'r. .berated sarfs for over fifty years
ET-e .ghdrvisions and resubd visions 81
-" rrfi6 portion ~ land assigned
o. me commune when II Was brought
ir', stence. and ~ the land purchased
t.nselIer'lv for the commune from sell
irg landlords through the land bank had
r-.H God a condition IN which a peasant
n go nav" 20 walk six miles or more 10
-" '."..' - land allotted 10 him. and when
b. = her" he m ght find that his piece
II" 1.. vas lt'le more than sax feet wide
ar" 'etrlv "a mile long
''. 'r,''lnG up NJ the land into ribbons
Raj .'i cod cultiyafion 10 economic
'a'... m" I."rIo,hc redisfrhutions wer.
car .-1 'rrovgn On the prin~ipl" ~ CIV
70. or, IaaSan' an equal chance and
l.. Hri ~ chance ~ all deliberately
''''- % handicaps aimed al prevent
rs a'. allotment holder from having "A
f''"' '.an"" than his least fortunat"
r. r o." lpt'"ry
'-' jr"- fant e land organization
BE. saws that II will he "Igh' Years
~ 90 ~" r"s system can show whether
' irr'iuca enduring prosperity.
p" .- '" MAJ he new farmers are max
/ p. % -" choice m quI''InE the com
L '.Sv.sF the scheme develops
/ Do. ..~" N. b.si"r ~ the bargain
''" iTEger point that he tpr-seer
/ ... r''"u' - The date 81 first repay
1 ''''- 'U" farm purchase money -
II t.k