davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-12-31

Congress Of the Roman Catholic
Church was held at Montreal, one OF
its features being procession of 100.-
600 adherents of that faith. At the
conclusion Of the congress-, Cardinal
Vannuetelli, who represented the Vati-
can at Montreal. proceeded to New
York city and assisted in the consecra-
ton Of st. Patrick's Cathedral. the
largest and most beautiful Gothic
structure in America.
The first general election in the new
united South Africa nation was held
September Is. There were no natioal
parties, the nationalists and the union
lists. being almost identical.
In the thrilling race run October
the Vanderbilt trophy was won by an
american car. which maintained for
27S miles an average speed greater
than was ever before recorded on this
course. All OF the first six cars out Of
the field Of thirty four were American
stock automobiles.
Big Benefactions Announced.
The benefactions Of the year have
been numerous. October II, coinci-
dent with the opening Of the new hos
pital at the Rockefeller Institute for
Medical Research, announcement was
made Of an additional gift of $3,S20,000
by Mr.. Rockefeller.
The biggest of the benefactions was
Andrew Carnegie's perpetual fOunda-
ton for the promotion Of world peace.
This gift of $1O,O0O.OOO was announced
in December. and the self-perpetuating
board of trustees of the fund is to
spend the income from it in any way
it deems best in the interests of the
object Of the foundation.
Under the will of Goodwin Smith.
s6S9.OOO was bequeathed Internationally
to Cornell University. BY the will of
Isaac G. Wyman of Salem, Mass. Prince
ton University came into possession OF
over $3,OONNO for it's proposed graduate
school. The will of Henry Dexter dis
tributed 81 o09.20O TO charitable institu-
tionS in New York. John w. Gates
pledged $25O,OO9 toward the establish
ment of a university at Port Arthur, Tex.
Howard NJ. Hanna of Cleveland, Ohio.
gave S9IO.O0O to the medical department
OF Western Reserve University. David
*. Rankin. jr.. gave over S3.WOOO0 to the
School of Mechanical Trades i'm st. Louis.
which he founded Mrs. r.. III. Hartman
gave a large tract of land and $1.0N000
to carry out the Palisades of the Hudson
River Park project of the late railroad
magnate: while Andrew Carnegie in
creased his gifts to the Carnegie Insti-
tute by matter of $500, 900.
December 10, in New York. for the
first time in America, a new grand opera
was sung for the first time on any stage
This was 1.-The Girl of the Golden West -
Puccini. composer. and David Belasco
playwright. The leading roles were taken
by CarusO and AmatO and Emmy Des-
tim.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-12-31
IN US
Drinks

It's nice getting them in, . gst-
ting them out. But there's . way
CASCARETS are known to hundreds
of thousands for the natural and easy
way they clean out the system Of over
drinking. Be prepared, . box Ia your
pocket Of CASCARETS-take one or
two sure when you 60 10 bed-then ~
morrow scill Be pleasant. -
CAScARETS-lec bex-Weeks trest-
nent. All drugGists. Diggeat oel1og
u the world. Nillina boxe0 o 0ookk
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-12-31
RAILROADS IN LIMELIGHT.
Increases in Pay and in Traffic
Rates.

The American railroads were most in
timately connected with the national eco
nonic unrest.
During the early part of the year many
railroads announced increases in wages.
Some Of these were forced 10y employees
agitation for better wages and improved
working conditions. while other lines vol
unfairly granted increases in pay. This
WIS the case with the Pennsylvania and
the Reading. each road increasing by 4
per cent the wages OF every emplOyc
earning less than 500 a month.
These grants of better pay were fol-
lowed closely by increases in passenger
and freight rates The increase i'm the
communication rates on railroads with ter
minals in New York city met with indig-
nant protest, which in New Jersey took
the form of a demand that the governor
call an extra session of the Legislature
to empower the newly created public util-
tiles commission to act in the matter. In
November the interstate commerce COM
mission held hearings in the matter,
where the rates raised were interstate.
The increase in freight rates was of
even greater Importance. 1t was eSti-
mated by the railroads that the increase
i'll wages would aggregate SlJO.Wa,,OOO
and that it would be necessary to meet "a
greater part of the shortage i'm net reve-
nue. that the increased wages would
cause 10y advances i'll freight rates.
Shippers Make Complaint.
The shippers at once took issue with
the roads on this point. and thereafter
until near the close of the year the inter-
state commerce commission was engaged
in hearing both sides of the case III vari-
Gus cities. notably Chicago, St Louis.
New York and Washington. In Septem-
Der various organizations of railway
workmen, with membership of 100000.
Endorsed the proposed increases in freight
rates
The same month President Taft an
nounced the personnel of the new rail-
Dad commission. which the recent amend
ment to the railroad act authorizes to
report on railroad stock. bonds and notes.
their issuance and how il may be con-
trolled by the public. The naming of
President Arthur T. Hadley of Yale Uni
verSity as head gave great public salts
faction. Prof T. Fl. Meyer of the Uni
VerSity of Wisconsin. another member
- also chairman of the Wisconsin rail-
road commission. Two months later No
Veinber "a. the new Pennsylvania rail-
road station in the heart of New York
city and the tunnels leading to il under
the Hudson river We're thrown open to
the travelling public-a gigantic improve
ment finished after seven years Of effort
and at a cost of xl5U,OOpUO0.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-12-31
MARSHMALLOWS BLEW UP.
Left in Confectionery Store, They
Mysteriously Exploded.

WOODBURY., n. j., December 31.-A
box OF marshmallows, left in local
confectionery store by an agent as a
sample package. exploded and scattered
things around in general. No one was
near it, and the damage is slight.
What caused this explosion is mys-
terry. Such an occurrence has not been
heard OF before here.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-12-31
Ballinger-Pinohot Row.

The Ballinger Pinchot investigation
resulted from the controversy begun
the year previous between the two
principals and their adherents over
the Secretary of the Interiors fitness
to have charge of matters relating to
national conservation.
Early in the year Secretary Balm
ger aked for Il full inquiry at the
hands of Congress and a joint commits
sion. consisting of six members OF
Zach house. was appointed To attend To
The matter. Before this commission
lad time TO convene. Senator Dolliver
- Iowa rose in the Senate and
read letter from Mr.. PinchOt
acknowledging that some Of his subOr-
iinates had been actively connected
with the newspaper attacks upon Sec
retary Ballinger and the Interior De-
partment. In this letter the former
thief forester commended the action Of
ais subordinates. This was followed by
the removal of Pinchot and his assO-
-iates. Price and Shaw. and the ap
continent of Henry :. Graves. head OF
The Yale Forestry school in Pinchots
,lacs
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-12-31
BAD YEAR FOR PARTY BOSSES.
Corruption Arraigned and Punished
Over Nation.

The year had its full share of graft
exposures, three attracting coMntry-w wide
attention.
In January charges Of bribery were
made against lothian P. Aids, the newly
elected leader of the New York senate.
After an investigation lasting nearly two
months the senate sustained the charges
by a vote of forty to nine. Just before
the vote was taken Aids resigned from
the senate, and Benn COnger, the member
Of the senate who had helped TO bride
Aids, resigned shortly after.
In January. also. a prominent city ofli-
cial of Pittsburg and four leading bust
ness men of that city We're arrested,
charged with conspiracy and bribery.
March II forty present and former men,
bers of the Pittsburs councils were in
dicted for bribery and ten others con-
fessed when immunity from punishment
was offered to them. On the following
day nine more former counclmen con-
fessed to bribetaking while in office.
March % the investigation resulted in
thirty-one new indictments and involved
six banks. charged with bribing council
men to make them repositories of city
funds.
Illinois Bribery Cases.
On the last day of April came the
most sensational bribery charges of the
year, when a democratic member of the
Illinois legislature confessed that he had
received 81 900 from his party leader to
vote for the successful republican candi
date for United States senator, William
+. LOrimer. May the democratic lead
err OF the Illinois house of representatives
and three others were indicted, In Chi
cago, in connection with the bribery
charges, the leader later being acquitted.
Nav - d. W. HOlStlaW a democratic
member of the Illinois senate, confessed
before the grand jury that he had been
paid $500 for voting for Lorimer. The
state was also stirred by the revelations
relating to the existence for years of a
corrupt Legislative fund known as the
lack pot all graft money going into a
pot and being divided among corrupt
legislators at the end of each session.
In the summer United States Senate
committee began an investigation of the
charges that Senator Lorimer had been
improperly elected, and in December d
subcommittee reported that it had found
no evidence connecting Senator LOrimer
with the charge that he had used i'm
proper methods to secure his election,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-12-31
Photographing Old Manuscripts.

Dom Henri Quentin, whose work on the
martyrologies was crowned by the French
Academy, is in charge Of this branch Of
the work. To begin with, he superintend-
ed the construction in Paris Of a special
camera fitted with what is believed to be
the finest lens ever made by GoerZ Ac-
cOmpanied by Dom Cotineau (the revision
was intrusted to the Benedictine ORDER,
Dom Quentin goes from place to place,
wherever an important manuscript is
known to exist, and sets to work. He
began with about fifteen complete Bibles
in Paris, came to London and reproduced
several important manuscripts in the
Paris, and next year will be similarly at
work on the treasures of Italy. The
camera has been made to act vertically
from above.
The manuscript volume. therefore, does
not need to be fastened in an upright
the camera. which takes two
pages at a time. There is no need
to take negative first and then
print through 1T to make what is COM
wanted is the negative. showing white
letters on dark ground. The sensitized
film or paper is made in rolls, like those
familiar to, any user of Kodak, but on q
most unfamiliar and gigantic scale. Some
of these roll negatives are about 100 feet
long. They are cut into sections develop
ed, fixed and mounted on sheets of stout
material coated with rubber, to which
they adhere without the use OF any gum
or paste.
Illuminated Manuscripts.
An illuminated manuscript adds greatly
to the photographers difiicuities, and
many copies are lavishly colored, gilded
and silvered. while the Psalms are often
found written on purple Vellun. Every
difficulty of this sort, however. has been
got over by using colored glass screens
with the lens. and, as the almost micro
scOpic lettering of small manuscripts is
phically enlarged, in some cases
the copy is easier to read than the
original. Nevertheless. there are many
places where word or letter is faint, or
blurred, by erasure or correction. The
is therefore compared with
the manuscript very cloSely, line by line
before being sent away for final COM
parison with the authorized version.
The final comparison demands pa
tient exercise of keenness of sight and
quickness OF observation, with some de-
gree of scholarship and some familiarity
with the various scripts. Such a cOmbina-
lion of capacities is rare, but it appears
that persons both able and willing to I'M
dertake this task are not lacking The
work is now being done in several coun-
tries.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-12-31
OLD MANUSCRIPTS COPIED
Patient Search in Monastic Libra
ries of Europe.
PHOTOGRAPHIC THE BOOKS
Final Comparison Will Demand
Keenness Of Sight, Observation
and Scholarship.
Foreign Correspondence OF The Star.

correspondence VI IT StaE
LONDON, December l6, 1910.
The Abbot Gasquet, president OF the
commission appointed by the Pope to
revise the text OF the Nulgate. is shortly
leaving England for the commissions
headquarters in St. Anselm's College, at
Rome. He will have considerable progress
to report.
The present commissions task is to re-
store the version to the exact form in
which 1t left the hands of st. Jerome.
To determine the correctness of st.
Jerome's version will doubtless be the
task of a future commission.
Search for ancient manuscripts of the
Vulgate has been going on for some time
among the public and monastic libraries
of France, Germany. Spain, Austria,
Hungary and other continental countries,
as well as of England, and several i'm
portant manuscripts have already been
found.
The work of comparing these manu-
scripts with the commonly received text
published in 1592-wiIl evidently be long
and laborious, but, as any skilled pale
ographer would expect. it is being much
facilitated by the large and systematic
use of photography.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-12-31
OTHER FEDERAL ACTIVITIES.
Trust Busting and Stringent Customs
Administration.

Throughout the year the government
kept on the trail of the so-called bad
trusts. In March the National Packing
Company, commonly known as the beef
trust, and ten subsidiary concerns were
indicted for alleged violations of the
Sherman antitrust law. and a bill for
the dissolution of the alleged combina-
ton was filed in Chicago. November
% the long-expected suit against the
sugar trust was started in New York
city. 1t alleged combination and
conspiracy in violation of the antitrust
law, and was directed at the American
Sugar Refining COmpany-the trust
thirty subsidiaries, and -thirtynine in
dividuals. A dissolution Of the COM
panies is not asked. but that the court
shall enjoin them. their stockholders. Of
1cials, directors and agents from doing
any act in pursuance of the conspiracy
against the antitrust law or engaging
in interstate or foreign business. Both
these suits affect interests that are
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-12-31
Paris Inundated by Flood.

From the spectacular standpoint. and
also the money loss involved, the Paris
flood was easily the years leading dis
aster. Paris had been rather a FREQUENT
sufferer from floods in the past, but not
since the beginning of the seventeenth
century had it seen an inundation as de-
structive as that which began January
% and lasted a week. The waters of the
Seine oVertlOwed the banks everywhere
in the city, until more than fifth of the
city was submerged and it's activities and
those of the nation were greatly cur
tailed. At one time number of the
historic structures of the city were so
submerged that access to them was pos
sible only by means of boats. These in
cluded Notre Dame, the Church of the
Madeleine and the ST. Lazare railway
station. The loss of property was i'm
mense, exceeding 500, OOO, 600
January ID thirty persons lost their
lives by the wreck of the Southern Pa
cific steamer Czarina OF Marshfield. Ore.
On the last day of the month seventy
five miners lost their lives following an
explosion Of fire damp in a coal mine at
Primero, Col. February IL the French
steamer Gen. Chanzy foundered off Mi
norca and only one of her 159 passengers
was saved.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-12-31
Gore Makes Charges.

Late in July Senator Thomas F. Gore
of Oklahoma charged openly in the Sem
ate that a bride had been offered to him
to withdraw his opposition to contracts
made with Indians of the Choctaw and
Chickasaw tribes for the sale Of coal and
asphalt lands valued at S3GOOOO0O The
congressional investigation committee
cleared Vice President Sherman and SEN
ator Curtis of Kansas of any improper
connection with the affair."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-12-31
RESULTS OF NEW CENSUS.
Great Growth of Cities in 100000
Class Noted.

Two interesting facts stand out con-
spicuOnsly in connection with the official
figures for urban population given out
by the census bureau-the rapid growth
of cities in the One-hundred- thousand
class and the impartial distribution Of
this increase among the geographical
sections.
The growth Of the country's metropolis
was phenomenal. a gain of nearly 80
per cent The returns from many other
sections were almost equally surprising,
especially those Of the lake and Pacific
coast cities. Men living today were
counted in the first federal census Of
Chicago. in 1sl0. when the population
was only 4.479. Now 1t il 21S525S.
easily the country's second city.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-12-31
City Of New York.

The census also shows that New York
state has one-tenth OF the population
of the entire country. 9,I13,279. This
means that the congressional delegation
from the Empire state will be one-tenth
of the entire House Of Representatives.
The present membership of that body IL
391, of which 81 are from New York
state. For the first time in it's history
the population Of New York city has
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-12-31
Report of Committee.

The investigation began in February.
Both sides Were represented by attor-
aeys and testimony did not come to an
end until the third week in May. On
September. Q the four democratic
members of the committee made pub
lie at Minneapolis, Mimi. report of
their findings against Secretary Bal
niger: Representative Madison OF Kan
-as. '.insurgent," made separate
statement. also against the Secretary
Four days later the republican MEM
bers of the committee met at Chicago
and denounced unlawful the action
Of the democratic members.
This majority. in December, reported
to Congress that 1.-THE evidence has
wholly failed to make out case.
Neither has any fact proved nor all the
facts put together exhibit Mr.. Balm
ger as being anything but a compe-
lent and honorable gentleman, honestly
and faithfully performing the duties of
his high office with an eye single to the
public interest" The committee scored
MIR. Ballinger's accusers. called the for
estry bureau wasteful. and disapproved
of Mr.. Bailingers plan for selling
Alaskan coal lands. urging leasing,
President Taft'S plan
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-12-31
Growth Since 1870.

Since the first census was taken, i'm
1880. the country has grown twenty-five
times as large. the population then having
been 3.92a2l4. slightly larger than the
present population of the state Of Texas.
The United States and all its possessions
contains population Of 1Ol, 100000, ac-
cording TO the census bureaus ofiicial es-
innate. and in the United States proper the
bureau estimates that more than Is Der
cent of the population is urban: that is, In
places OF 100 inhabitants or more.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-12-31
First Cross-Country Race.

In August James Radley, an English
a. % seconds. LIE Blanc won the first
cross-cOunty race for aeroplanes-a con-
test of 49, miles around Paris, and on
the 18th Moisant, an American, Won the
distinction of being the first aviator to
carry passenger across the English
channel. \ few days later Louis Bre-
get, at Lisle. took up five passengers in
his aeroplane, carrying a total weight of
921 pounds.
September % Chavez. Peruvian,
crossed the Alps at the Simplon pass. at
a height of 1000 feet, but while descend
ing on the Italian side was fatally in
jured In October the dirigible balloon
acknowledgement, with seven passengers.
flew from Paris to London, and the same
month Walter Wellman made his futile
attempt to sail in a dirigible from At
iantic City to Europe. He was picked up
i'll distress 40 miles off Cape Hatteras.
Contest in New York.
The international aviation meet was
held at Belmont Park, New York, the lat
ter part of October. Claude Grahame-
White won the classic event of the air,
the James Gordon Bennett cup race, his
time for the GIL miles being I'll minutes
anu IA seconds. The Observation-Disclosures
prize race to and from the statue of Lib
erty, Ithirty-fOur miles, was won by Moi
SAINT, American. in "A minutes 3Ss4 sec
Onds, beating GrahameW Whites time by
AK seconds. 4 new altitude record was
established by Ralph tombstone, in a
Wright biplane. his distance being o.. IA
feet.
In November Il Wright bipiane carried q
cargo of silk from Dayton to Columbus,
ONO. distance of siXty-five miles, in III;
minutes The same month Eugene Is. Ely,
five mil
the deck of the scout cruiser Birmingham
in Hampton roads.
On December LegasneuX Won the dis
tinction OF being the first aviator to as
cend to height of 10000 feet or over,
his actual altitude record being IL, 49S feet
inches.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-12-31
Big Train Wrecks.

March 2 more than 100 persons were
killed by the burying of two Great North
ern trains by an avalanche near Yelling
ton. Wash. and three days later ninety
two persons suffered q similar fate in
British Columbia. In the latter part of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-12-31

Joseph Owen, residing near Jarratt
Depot. Va, was shot and killed by his
son, Charles owen, about twenty-one
years old. Young Owen was handling a
gun when the weapon was accidentally
discharged. the load striking his father
in the breaS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-12-31
Important Legislation.

Probably the most important legislative
measure passed by Congress was the new
interstate commerce act which was
signed by the President June IS and
provided for the establishment Of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-12-31

outstripped that Of the rest of the state.
the figures being 4,766,SS3.
The census showed cities Of over
500, 900 inhabitants as follows:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-12-31
MANY GRAVE DISASTERS.
Plaques, Floods, Earthquakes, Ex-
plosions, Fires.

From the standpoint of human lives
sacrificed, the disaster pre-eminent was
the cholera epidemic which made its an
pearance in southern Russia in the early
summer.
All told the Russian victims numbered
more than 100000. The epidemic spread
both east and west, travelling as far west
as southern Italy and the Madeira Is
lands. and being particularly vrulent at
Naples. Turkey also suffered heavily.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-12-31
NEW RECORDS IN AIR.
High Attitudes Protested and Long
Distances Covered.

Beginning January 10 the first impor-
tant aviation meet to be held in America
occurred In Los Angeles. Cal. Glenn Cur
tiss. the American skyman, made a new
worlds record of fifty-five miles an hour
with passenger
April % Paulhan flew from London to
Manchester in a Farman biplane, win
ming the $4,000 which had been offered
for three years by the London Mail to
the aviator who should accomplish the
feat. In April at Nice. a fifty-mile flight
out to sea was made by Rolls, an Eng
lishman. May % Glenn Curtiss won the
en-thOusand-dollar prize offered by the
New York World for the fight between
Albany and New York, his time being
three hours and thirty-twO minutes
Charles n. Hamilton was the American
hero OF aviation for the month of June,
making the round trip from New York
to Philadelphia distance Of 11o miles
in three hours and tWenty-nine minutes
Earlier in the month Rolls flew across
the English channel and back without
stopping. and also in June the first regu-
lar aerial passenger service was inaugu-
rated by Count Zeppelin when in dirig-
IDLE balloon he carried thirteen paEsen-
gers and crew from Friedrichsha fen to
Dusseldorf, Germany.