The Mena weekly star., 1910-06-16
ROOSEVELT GIVES
 ROMANESLECCTURE
Former President of United
 States at Oxford
LORD CuRzoN IN THE CHAIR
SheidonIan Theater Crowded With Distinguished People When Amer lean Talks on "BIologIcal An
 alogIes ln History"


 names lecture by Theodore Roosevelt, which was to have been delivered on May IS, but which was postponed on account of the death of King Edward, was given today by the distinguished American, The Sheldonian theater was filled to It's capacity by notable persons and Oxford students and the lecture. which was on Biological Analogies in History" was well re- ceived. Lord Curzon. chancellor of the university, presided.
 In seeking to penetrate the causes of the mysteries that surround not only mankind but all life, both In the present and the past. said MT. Roose- welt, we see strange analogies in the phenomena of life and death, of birth growth and change, between those physical groups of animal life which We designate as species, forms, races and the highly complex and composite entities which rise before our minds when we speak of nations and civi- lizations. It is this study. he assert ed, that has given science its present day prominence, and the historian of mankind must work in the scientific spirit and use the treasure-houses of science.
 To illustrate, the lecturer took sev- eral instances of the development of new species and the extinction of spe- cies in the history of mammalian life. showing that in some cases the causes can be traced with considerable accu- racy. and in other cases we cannot so much as hazard a guess as to why given change occurred
 AnalosIes In Human History.
 Continuing. Mir Roosevelt said in part:
 Now. as to all of these phenomena in the evolution of species. there are. if not homologies. at least certain analogfes, in the history of human societies. in the history of the rise to prominence, of the development and change of the tenn porary dominance. and death or trans formation of the groups of varying kind which form races or nations.
 As in biology. 30 in human history, new form may result from the specieliza- ton of a long existing and hitherto very slowiy-changing generalized or non specialized form: as. for instance. when a b6rbaric race from variety of causes
 
 walton and civilization That is what oc- cured, for instance. in western Europe during the centuries of tho Teutonic and later the Scandinavian ethnic overffows from the north. All tho modern countries of western Europe are descended from the states created by these northern invaders. When first created they could be called new" or young" states In the sense that part or all of the people composing them were descended from races that hitherto had not been civilized at all, and that therefore for the first time entered on the career of civilized communities. In the southern part of western Europe the new states thus formed consisted in bulk of the inhabitants already fin the land under the Roman empire: and 1t was here that tho new kingdoms first took shape. Through a reflex action their influence then extended back into the cold forests from which the Invaders had come, and Germany and Scandinavia witnessed the rise of communities with essentially the same civilization as their southern neighbors: though in those communities, unlike the southern communities. there wac no infusion of now blood. and in each case the new civilized nation which gradu- ally developed was composed entirely of members of the sarno race which in the same region had for ages lived the life of slowly changing barbarism The same was true of the Slavs and the Slavonized
 
 tration of Scandinavian leaders from the north and infiltration of Byzantine culture from the south joined to produce the changes which have gradually. out of the little slay communities of the forest and the steppe. formed the mighty Russian empire of today.
 "New" and "Youna' Nations.
 Again. the new form may represent merely splitting of from iong-estab- Iished. highly developed and specialized nation. In this case the nation is usually spoken of as young" and is correctly spoken of as a new" nation; but the term should always be used with a clear sense of the difference between what is described in such case. and what is de- scribed by the same term in speaking of civilized nation just developed from a barbarism. Carthage and Syracuse wero new cities compared with Tyre and Cor inthi but the Greek or Phoenlcian race was in every sense of the word as old in the new city as kn tho old city. So nowadays Victoria or Manitoba Is a new community compared with England or Scotland; but the ancestral type of civilization and cui- ture is as old in one case as in the other of course do not mean for a moment that great changes are not produced by the mere fact that the old civilized race is suddenly placed in surroundings where it has again to go through the work of tanning the wilderness, q work finished many centuries before in the original home of the race; I merely mean that the ancestral history is the same in each case. We can rightly use the phrase "a new people" in speaking of Canadians or Australians. Americans or Afrikanders But we use it in an entirely different sense from that in which we use fl when speaking of such communities as those founded by the northmen and their de- scendants during that period of astonish- ing growth which saw the tescendants nj The Morse sea-thieves conquer and trans fern Normandy, Sicily, and the British islands: we use it in an entirely different sense from that in which we use 1t when speaking of the new states that grew uu around Warsaw. Kief. Novgorod, and Moscow. as the wild savages of the steppes and the marshy forests struggled haltingiy and stumblingiy upward to become builders of cities and to form stable governments. The Kingdoms of Chariemagne and Alfred were new 's compared with the empire on the Boa phorus: they were also in every way dif- lerent; their lines of ancestral descent had nothing in common with those of the polyglot realm which paid tribute to the Caesars of Byzantium; their social prob iems and aftertime history were totally different. This is not true of those s'neyys astions which spring direct from old na tions. Brazil. the Argentine, the United States, are all new" nations, compared with the nations of Europe: but with whatever changes in detail. their civiliza- fion is nevertheless of the general Euro pean type, as shown in Portugal. Spain, hnd England. The differences between these new" American and these "old'' a4-.-a Al