davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Los Angeles herald., 1910-04-15
Los ANGELES MAY
GET AERIAL MEET
Head of Aero Club Fav0rabIy Dis
posed Toward Angel City
as FIyground
WRIGHTS LIFT INJUNCTION
Air Kings Are Recompensed to
Offset Claims Against For
eign Man Birds

With the accession of the Wright
brothers to the popular demand that
they recede from their position on the
question of their patent rights, giving
some assurance to foreign aviators
that they may exhibit in America
without facing injunction proceedings,
the prospects of q successful aviation
meet here this fall appear more ro-
seate.
Los Angeles has made formal ap-
plication for the meet, and mindful Of
its success in pulling off the first
meet to be held in America, President
Cortland Field Bishop of the Aero
Club of America evidently thinks well
of this city's ability to handle the
meet
"The successful way in which they
managed their big meet last January"
he said yesterday, according to a
New York dispatch, "is strong
point in their favor, All conditions
are favorable except that Los Angeles
is so far from the Atlantic ports
'It would impose something of a
hardship in time and expense on the
European contestants for them to go
there"
In reply to Mr.. Bishops telegram
requesting Los Angeles to make the
Aero Club of America a specific offer
for the meet, Dick Ferris last night
sent a telegram stating that it was
not Los Angeles place to make such
an offer but that upon being informed
by the Aero club of the cost of the
fall meet which figures the club has
in it's possession, he would confer with
the civic bodies of Los Angeles and see
whether it would be advisable to bring
the meet here.
TO MEET IN WEST
af
America for the meeting to be held in
October render the selection of an
eastern location most improbable, as
the weather there at that time of the
year would make a successful meet
impossible" said Prof. H La V. Twin
ing, president of the Aero Club of Cali
fornia, yesterday. Los Angeles has
fully demonstrated its ability to furn-
ish, not only the weather, but the
funds necessary for the success of such
a tremendous affair.
"I think that prominent aviators,
| both American and European, realize
| the merits of Los Angeles as n place
| for the meet, and do not look for
serious opposition to our claims.
"Dominguez field will not be the site
| of any future aviation meets which
come to Los Angeles, although no 9th
er location has been definitely decided
| upon. Several good tracts of land
are under consideration"
The arrangement with the Wright
brothers for the payment of lump
sum to them by the promoters of the
meet, to offset their claims to royal
ties from the foreign aviators, re-
moves the last bar to an American
meet in the fall, and leaves the Euro
pean aviators no excuse for not COM
peting in America for the cups cap
! tured from them at the French meets,
save a jealous refusal to leave their
own country.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-04-15
WILL ADDRESS CITY CLUB

p. F.. Scattergood, electrical engineer
of the aqueduct and A. P. Fleming,
secretary of the harbor commission,
will address the City club at its regu-
lar weekly luncheon at the Westmins--
ter Saturday at noon. Mr.. Scattergood
will talk about the necessity for the
owens river bonds and Mr.. Fleming on
the harbOr hOndS,
Los Angeles herald., 1910-04-15
HUNDRED YEAR CLUB WALKS

Thirty-six members of the Hundred
Year club, under the guidance of Phys
ical Director Warman, walked from
Pasadena to Aratoga Heights. La
Canada, yesterday. After refresh
ments and music on the spacious
grounds the club returned to Pasa-
dena.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-04-15
rAE FOURTH DIMENSION

Possibly the fourth dimension is demon
strated by the man with the swelled head
Chicago Daily News.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-04-15
AGED FLORENCE RANCHER
INJURED BY AUTOMOBILE

w Guindan, SO years old, residing
at Florence station, was struck by an
automobile at North Main and Mar
chessault streets yesterday morning
and sustained fracture of the right
leg. He was taken to the receiving
hospital, where the fracture was re-
duced and he was later removed to
the county hospital Guindain stated
that the automobile which struck him
was numbered 294S0, which is owned
by the Golden Orange association of
Redlands. The driver after hitting
Guindain, carried him into a house at
1908 North Alameda street and hurried
away before his name could be ascer-
tanned.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-04-15
sEAsONABLE

waiter, this fish isn't fresh"
"Oh, yes. sir; it's quite fresh sir-for the
time Of year, sir."-ratler.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-04-15

It's as easy to secure bargain in a used
automobile, through want advertising It
used to be-and still is-to secure a horse
and carriage.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-04-15

IOrSeI OOVtTS ZoC
Dainty corset covers of good
muslin with pretty embroidery
trimmings.
Corset covers with front and
back lace yoke effects neatly
finished with ribbon beading and
all in such pretty styles
Every size from "a to a.
For Friday seling-Bargain Base
ment.
New Corsets 7oc
Made by a we'll known corset
maker
-Four strong supporters
Sizes IS to "a in either short or
medium length styles
Unusual values, 79c.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1910-12-03
$4,000 ON TERMS
MISCELLANEOUS.

PIECES raffled off by Mrs Fireman were
won b. Mrs. Hendrickson and Mrs.
Sennett, both Of Usage City,
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1910-12-03
MONEY TO LOAN

ON LISTED AND UNLISTED STOCKS
WHAT HAVE YOU? THE B. l. & D.
CO., log WEST STH ST.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1910-12-03

WE COLLECT bad notes and accounts in
all parts of the U. S. No fee charged
till collections are made. American Col
lection Agency, sos Kansas ave.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1910-12-03

FOR SALE-1 coal stove. medium size,
good as new; l gas range, good condi-
ton. 906 Buchanan st. Ind. 2SS9 black.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1910-12-03
FOR NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS..

FOR RENT-Store room, fine location.
for cash grocery. ]. D. Miller & Co.
FOR RENT-A nice modern basement
cor. 4th and Kansas ave. Inquire 400
Kansas ave.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1910-12-03

FOR RENT rooms, new, modern. $50;
rooms. $780, Z rooms, SIS. Keys ais
Woodlown, Potwin.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1910-12-03

FOR RENT-House with stable at 51s
West street at the entrance Of Potwin.
Nine rooms in the house. bath. gas.
Apply ]. Thomas Lumber company, 213
West 9Th ST.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1910-12-03
wANTFD-sALE sMEN.

WANTED-Four hustling speciality men
for 1911. Positions permanent and pay
ing as high as 5000. Drawer 1047, Cedar
Rapids, Iowa.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1910-12-03

A MAN with $500 can get property which
N short time will double his money and
an interest free in good real estate bust
ness. Phone 1121. Roudebush Investment
CO., ground floor, Columbian building,
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1910-12-03

FUR BARGAIN-Going south, will sacri-
large shawl collar pillow muff, never
worn worth $50. viii send at my ex-
Engel 92S Paseo Apt. Kansas City. Mo.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1910-12-03

State of Kansas,
Executive Department
PROCLAMATION.
l. w. r. Stubs, Governor of. the State
of Kansas. do hereby offer a reward of
TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY DOL
LARS
for the arrest within ninety days from
this date and final conviction thereafter
of the unknown tramp who shot and
killed Ambrose Donahue at Beavenworth.
Kansas about one-thirty o'clock on the
morning of July second, Nineteen Hun
dred and Ten. Said reward to be paid
upon final conviction of said unknown
party.
IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF. 1 have
subscribed my names and
caused to be AFFIXED the Great
CSeaL1 Seal of the State of Kansas.
Done at Toueka this 3rd day
of December. 1910.
w R. STUBS, Governor.
By the Governor:
c. E. DENTON,
Secretary of State.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1910-12-03

F. a. HORNBECK, Mgr. Townsite Dept.
City, Mexico and Orient Railroad,
go Baltimore Ave. Kansas City. Mo.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1910-12-03

FOR sALlYoUR CREDIT IS
GOOD.
Lace curtains, mattings and
linoleums, 500 down buys $500
worth, balance 81 so each week.
Buy one for a present. North
Topeka Furniture Co, SO North
Kansas ave. Both phones 1853.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1910-12-03

FOR SALE-Hard coal base burner, good
as new. Inquire w o. Rigby, APO To-
peka ave.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1910-12-03
MONEY.
LEGAL.

First published in The Topeka State
Journal Saturday. Dec. 8, 1901
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1910-12-03

FOR SALE2 draft mares, 2 mich cows,
/ registered Shorthorn bull, calves.
2517 Lincoln. Ind. PATS ring ].
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1910-12-03
roR RENr-RooMs.

1922 Kan. ave. Modern and extra con-
venient, 'unfurnished housekeeping apart
ments, price satisfactory.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1910-12-03

Partner wanted in real estate business
A. 2. Tone Wilson. Jr., & Co, sos Kan. av.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1910-11-01
Deafness Cannot be Cured

by local applications, as they cannot
reach the diseased portion of the ear.
There is only one way to cure deaf
ness, and that is by constitutional
remedies. Deafness is caused by an
infiamed condition of the mucous lin.
ing of the Eustachian Tube. When
this tube is inflamed you have a rum.
bling sound or imperfect hearing, and
when II is entirely closed, Deafness
Is the result, and unless the infamma-
ton can be taken out and this tube
restored to it's normal condition, hear.
ing will be destroyed forever; nine
cases out of ten are caused by ca
tarrh, which is nothing but I'm in
famed condition of the mucous sur
faces.
We will give One Hundred Dollars
for any case of Deafness Caused by
catarrh) that cannot be cured by
Halls Catarrh Cure. Send for circu-
lars free.
F. ]. CHENEY & CO.. Toledo, o.
Sold by druggists. 75c.
Take Halls Family, Pills for consti-
patton.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1910-11-01
SEATED
On A Roof And Thinks He
Is A Chicken

Danville, KY, Oct. 29-The family of
Judge r. F. Barnett, of Somerset, was
aroused by some one singing on the
topmost part of their residence this
morning. An investigation revealed
the presence Of a large man seated
astride the comb of the roof.
A son of Judge Barnett secured
gun and threatened to shoot the in
truder, but he paid no attention to the
threat and proceeded with his tune.
The police department was called out,
ladders secured and the strange vis-
itor brought to the ground.
When questioned by the chief of
police as to the motive for his unusu-
al action the visitor replied: Hasn't
chicken got right to roost?" He
gave his name as George Spearman, of
North Carolina. He will be examined
as to his sanity.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1910-11-01
MIRACULOUS
Escape From Death Has 4
Newark Man
Newark Adyocatel

Mr.. J. G.. Hughes, the well known
bookkeeper at the Office of the p
smith Sons Lumber company, South
Second street, had miraculous es
cape from horrible death on Tburs
day afternoon.
A number of the employees Of the
company were engaged in unloading
a car Of lumber near the Panhandle
depot, when Mr.. Hughes left the office
and went over where the men were al
work. He took up a position on the
main track OF the road and was en-
gagged In watching the men when q
switch engine backed down upon him
striking him in the middle OF the back
and knocking him down between the
tracks.
A number Of persons who had wit
messed the accident expected every In.
slant to see him crushed by the
wheels. The footboard of the engine,
however, was too low to permit Of the
engine passing over him, and he was
rolled over and over along the track
for a distance of more than forty feet.
When the engine struck him he was
standing in the middle of the track
with his hands in his pockets and
when he fell he was unable to assist
himself.
Mr.. George R. Richardson, an en-
ploye Of the company, who had wit.
messed the accident sprang to the
rescue and catching hold of Mr..
Hughes with one hand, swung him
from the track, thus saving his life.
Nearly all the clothes were torn from
the body of Mr.. Hughes and he was
badly bruised from head to foot. He
was taken to the home of his father,
Mr.. John Hughes, on Seventh street,
as his wife is away from home, visit.
ing in Logansport, Ind, DR.. McCul.
Tough was called and attended to his
injuries
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1910-11-01
KEEPS
Silence For Three Years
When Ordered By wife

Canton, O., Oct. 29-Mr. and Mrs.
Charles F. Heiser, of Alliance, lived
under the same roof three years with
out speaking to each other, according
to testimony today in the divorce case
brought by Mrs. Heiser, who alleges
her husbands actions are cruelty.
They ate at the same table. but new
er spoke. They even entertained
guests, one OF the number being the
Rev. Mr.. Leggett, pastor Of United
Brethren church, without saying a
word.
Even when one of their four chill
dren died they rode in the same coach,
silently sharing the sorrow, hut with
out showing signs of reconciliation.
Judge Amber, in denying the wife a
divorce, said both were to blame.
Heiser, in explaining his attitude,
said that Mrs. Heiser told him never
to speak to her again and that he took
her at her word. The wife said Heis'
er remained silent through his own
volition.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1910-11-01


a he insect docs It's damage by thrust
ing long thI ead-like beak into the
tissues OF the bark and sucking the
sap. One insect alone doesn't do much
harm, but they increase with such
amazing rapidity that 1t doesn't take
long for them to do a great deal OF
damage. Some species OF scale spend
the winter in the egg stage, but others
as the San Jose scale, winter In the
mature or nearly mature adult stage.
In the spring the female gives birth
at once to five or six young, and then
dies. AS soon as the young appear
they are orange-yellow in color and
they run actively about over the tree
for few hours. Then they find plac-
es in the soft tissues of the bark to
commence feeding, and begin the Sc
cretion of the scale. The female scale
Is much more numerous than the male,
and usually reproduces without fertil-
ization. Each female produces on an
average two hundred female young,
and since there are four generations
every year, one female may be re-
sponsible for 3,216,000,0OO scale in
sects. OF course many of these will
not live, due to attacks by birds, in
sects and fungi, but the greater ma.
jority of them survive.
The great natural enemy of scale in
sects is the lady-bird or lady beetle. It
is a common small roundish beetle,
and Is always red and black. 1t is
either red (reddish.brown) with black
dots or black with red dots. 1t is one
of the greatest friends of the farmer
and the gardner, and Is never eaten
by birds.
The common method of suppressing
the San Jose scale is by spraying.
Spray in the late fall OF early spring
when the leaves are off, for anything
that will touch scale will burn foliage.
When scale is very bad, it is best to
spray both in the fall and spring for
the first year or two, and after that
spray once year either in the fall or
spring. The best mixture to spray with
is lime-sulphur wash, which is made
up as follows:
Fifteen pounds of lime and fifteen
pounds of sulphur boiled in fifty gal
Ions of water; that is the average
1t can be bought in COM
mercial grades of different strengths
to the brand. Rex lime-sul-
phur wash is good brand. The Sc
cret of successful spraying is thor
oughness That doesn't mean turn
ing on the hose and spraying until
the trees drip, but it means spraying
with as fine spray as possible with
good pressure back of it and spraying
thoroughly. Do not use very small
sprayers, get good sized tank with
a good pump, a power pump is best,
and see that there is sufficient pres
sure-a hundred and fifty pounds to
the square inch isn't too much.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1910-11-01
SCALt
Pest Is Damaging Fruit Trees
In Mt. Vernon
And H. P. WOrthinqtOn An
Expert On Trees
Writes An Article For Read
efS OF The Banner
Telling How Pest Should Be
EXterminated
An Article OF Interest To
Fruit Tree Growers

During the latter part of the sum
mer and the early fall the Davey Tree
Expert Co., of Kent, O., had a number
of experts in Mt. Vernon, engaged in
tree surgery" and during their in.
spection of the fruit trees in Mt. Yer.
non they found that the San Jose
scale was doing a great amount of
damage.
At the request of number of Mt
Vernon citizens, Mr.. H. p. Worthing.
ton, one of the experts in charge of
tree surgery" has written the follow
ing article for the Banner on 1.-THE San
Jose Scale:
The fruit trees in Mt Vernon and
vicinity are in danger of being exter.
minated by small but dangerous and
very active pest known as the San
Jose scale. This insect does great
damage all over this country to
orange, peach, apple, and pear trees,
as well as other fruit trees of less i'm
portance, but rarely harms q cherry
tree. 1t seldom harms a shade tree,
unless the scale becomes unusually
thick in community. 1t has been
found on ash and oak trees near bad
ly infested fruit trees. An easy way to
identify the scale is by rubbing it
with your finger, and if it is alive, it
will leave yellow streak. 1t usually
commences it's work on or near the
tips of the branches.
In 1873 a missionary in China made
present to friend of his in Cali
fornia of some Oriental fruit trees, and
on these trees was the first San Jose
scale brought to this country. In
China it is not pernicious insect
hence it attracts no attention there.
BY 1880 it had spread all over Cali
fornia, and was causing great damage
and considerable alarm to fruit grow
ers. In 1893 it was shipped to New
Jersey on some plum trees, and from
there it has spread all over the East,
the Middle West, and part of Cana
da. Strict legislation has been enact
ed in order to prevent the spread of
this pest, prohibiting its importation,
and providing for treatment of it at
the states expense, in place of taxes.
This treatment Is carried on under su-
pervision of the Ohio State Expert
ment Station, which sends out men to
such parts of the state that are known
to be badly infested with the pest. OF
course all of the state cannot be COW
cred at once, but great deal of good
has already been done In this way.
San Jose scale is Of the armored
species, and is fiatish, grayish, round
ish and irregular in form. The fe-
male scales are one-twentieth to one.
twenty-fifth of an inch in diameter,
while the male scales are smaller and
more elongate in form. The scales are
thin waxen plates with one or more
concentric rings. The inner ring or
nipple is formed by the exuviae or
first cast skin, the scale growing larger
as each successive skin is cast. The
scale starts as white, waxy filaments,
developing into covering, which is at
first white, but later dark brown
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1910-11-01
BANKER CHARGED
WITH BRIBERY

Pittsburg, Pa, Oct 29-Tbe case OF
Emil Winter, the bank president who
pleaded no defense to a charge Of
bribery during the disposition of the
depository graft cases, was called In
court today for final disposition. Win
ter entered his plea last April and
was released on $4,000 bail for hia
appearance when called in order that
he might go to Carlsbad for treat
ment in the meantime.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1910-11-01
A Hay Ride

A Hay Ride
To Fredericktown
The Beta Phi fraternity entertain
ed with hay ride on Friday even.
ing. The party went to the home OF
Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Coyntr in Freder-
icktown, where refreshments were
served. About ten couples were In
the party.
Those enjoying the ride were: Miss
es Viola Frehse, Varie Gleason, Creta
Corcoran, Helen Porter, Mae Bartlett
Irene Trick, Mary Patterson, Irene
zeisloft, Besse Patterson, Louise
Arndt, Minnie VanNostrand and Mes
srs. Riley Morehouse, Dwight Ewalt
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1910-11-01
SERIOUS ACCIDENT
To Rev. william Mercer, Formerly OF
Knox County

Word has been received here by
relatives that Rev. William Mercer
formerly of this county, sustained a
fall at the home of his son, Mr.. James
H. Mercer, at Bloomsbury, Penn
where he has been living for some
time, resulting in the fracture of his
right hip joint. Rev. Mercer is eighty
four years Of age, and on that account
the injury is apt to prove very ser
iouB.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1910-11-01
Masquerade
Party

Mesquerade
Party
Edna Van Ausdle and Stella Wal.
ter entertained Friday evening at the
latter's home with a Halloween mas.,
querade parry. Games and music were
enjoyed throughout the evening after
which a Halloween lunch was served.
Those present were Edith Cervenka.
Neva Ward, Maude Wright, Faye Dew.
Is, Nina. Shifflette, Margaret Matt
hews, Helen Yeager. Beatrice Singer.
Marie Mills, Eleanor Zeisloft, virginia
Jordan. Isabel Stevens and the host.
essesr
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1910-11-01
GUILT Y
Was Shelley Found By The
Jury At Medina

The jury in the Shelley case, trans
ferred from Ashland to Medina, re-
turned verdict at two o'clock on Fri.
day afternoon finding Mr.. Shelley
guilty of embezzling $4,000. The
jury was out five hours, just long
enough to go over the lengthy exhibits
in the case. This is but one of the
famous Ashland county criminal
cases.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1910-11-01
NEW PLAYHOUSE IN ST. LOUIS

st. Louis, Mo-, Oct 29-The Sam
Shubert Theatre, the latest addition
to the list of st. Louis playhouses,
will be opened to the public for the
first time Monday night. The theatre
is one of the finest and best equipped
in the country. The initial attraction
win be Lew Fields in "The Midnight
Sons"
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1910-11-01
NOTICE TO HUNTERS

No hunting will be allowed on the
farms of the undersigned. Richard
Helm, Chas. Vernon, George Hayea.
Samuel Nichols. Alfred Wolfe, r. p.
CunninRham. II,
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1910-11-01
Pleasantly
Entertained

Pleasantly
Entertained
Mr. and Mrs. ]. t. welshymer en-.
tertained about twenty-five OF their
friends and relatives at their home on
East Burgess street on Friday even
Ing In honor Of Mr.. and Mrs. Jeffer.
son Durham Of Little River, Kansaa.
The evening was pleasantly spent IN
music and games. Delicious refresh
ments were served. Mr.. and Mira.
Durham will leave for their home on
Sunday.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1910-11-01
chiId's Funeral

The funeral of Ruth Dickson, the In
fant daughter Of Mr.. and Mrs. Frank
Dickson, who died at the home of her
parents on Austin avenue on Friday
morning, occurred at the home at 2
o'clock Saturday afternoon, Rev. w.
A. Clemmer, Of the Presbyterian
church, officiating. Interment in
Mound View cemetery.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1910-11-01
ACTION
Filed By A Former Bank In
Mt. Vernon
Against The Sheriff Of
RiChland County
To Recover Money From A
But er fldnt
The Last Will Of Martin
Horn Is Filled
Other Notes OF Interest From
The Court House
(Mansfeld News)

In an action filed in common pleas
court by the Farmers & Merchants
National Bank of Mt. Vernon against
q. A. Baer, sheriff, the plaintiff claims
that it has an interest as mortgagee
and is entitled to the possession by
reason of said mortgage, Of all the
lumber levied on by the sheriff in
the case of p. ]. Wigton, treasurer,
against the Butler Manufacturing
company, amounting to about $4,000
feet of unfinished lumber.
The plaintiff claims that the wrong
full OBTAINING of this property by the
defendant for term of fifteen days
has damaged plaintiff in the sum of
800.
Plaintiff asks for the possession of
the property and judgment for the
damages claimed.