Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1910-09-08

er Sites ana meanUme tleFe udFc oeSn
newly withdrawn 1.245.ss2 acres on vacant
| public land and 2iI.007 acres on entered
public land. or a total Of 1889 acres.
These Withdrawals made from time to
time cover all the power sites included
In the first Withdrawals, and many more.
on 15 rivers and in II states The DISCO
sition Of these power sites involves one
of the most difficult questions presented
in carrying out practical conservation.
The statute of 1891 with it's amendments
permits the secretary of the interior to
grant perpetual easements or rights Of
way from water sources over public
lands for the primary purpose OF irrigs~
ton and such electrical current as ms
be incidentally developed. but no grant
can be made under this statute TO con-
Germs whose primary purpose is gener-
ating and handling electricity. The stat
ute of 1901 authorizes the secretary OF
the interior to issue reyocable permits
over the public lands to electrical power
companies, but this statute is woefully IN
adequate because 1t does not authorize
the collection of a charge or fix q term
of years. Capital is slow to invest in an
enterprise founded on a permit revocable
at will.
It is the plain duty Of the government
to see to it that in the utilization and de-
~velopment of all his immense amount
of water power. conditions shall be I'M
posed that will prevent monopoly and
will prevent extortionate charges, which
are the accompaniment Of monopoly. TIL
difficulty of adjusting the matter Is ao-
centuated by the relation Of the power
sites to the water, the fall and now OF
which create the power. In the states
where these sites are, the riparian own
er does not control or own the power in
the water which flow past his land.
That power is under the control and with
in the grant of the state, and generally
the rule is that the first water user is en-
titled to the enjoyment. Now, the pos
session Of the bank or water-power site
over which the water is to be conveyed
in order to make the power useful, gives
to its owner an advantage and a certain
kind of control over the use of the water
power, and 1t Is proposed that the govern
ment in dealing with its own lands should
use this advantage and lease lands Tor
power sites to those who would develop
the power, and impose conditions on the
leasehold with reference to the reason
ableness of the rates at which the power,
when Transmitted, is to be furnished to
the, public, and %forbidding the union OF
the particular power with a combination
Of others made for the purpose of monop-
oily by forbidding assignment of the
lease save by consent OF the government.
/ bCI Wd5 hlliCltllCo Il hlAtlSAP-kSA W
some in such an attempt on the part of
the general government, because of the
sovereign control Of the state over the
water power in its natural condition, and
the mere proprietorsfip of the govern
luent in the riparian lands. 1t is con-
tended that through its mere proprietary
right In the site, the central government
has no power to attempt to exercise po-
lice Jurisdiction with reference to how
| tho uatar pouar In q riyar l0uyDad and
controlled by the state shall be used, and
hat it is a violation Of the states rights.
1 question the validity Of this objection.
The government may impose any coudi-
tons that 1t chooses in its lease of Its
own property, even though 1t may have
the same purpose, and in effect accom-
plish just what the state would accom-
plish by the exercise of its sovereignty.
There are those (and the director of the
geological survey, Mr.. Smith, who has
given a great deal Of attention 10 this
matter, is one of them) who insist that
this matter of transmitting water power
into electricity, which can be conveyed
all over the country and across state
lines, is a matter that ought to be re-
tanned by the general government, and
that it should avail itself of the owner.
ship of these power sites for The very
purpose of co-ordinating in one general
PhtAA SAS WV
government owned sites.
Arguments Against Idea.
On the other hand, 1t is commended that
It would relieve a complicated situation
IL the control of the water-power site
and the control of the water were vested
in the same sovereignty n ownership,
viz, the states, and then were disposed
Of for development to private lessees I'M
der the restrictions needed to preserve
the interests of the public from the extor-
lions and abuses of monopoly. Therefore,
bills have been introduced in congress
providing hat whenever the state au-
thorities deem a water power useful they
may apply to the government of the
United States for a grant to the state
of the adjacent land for a water-power
site, and that this grant from the fed
eral government to the state shall con-
tain a condition hat the state shall
never part with the title to the water
power site or the water power, but shall
lease 1t only for a term of years not ex-
ceeding fifty, with provisions in the
lease by which the rental and the rates
for which the power is furnished to the
public shall be readjusted at periods less
thar the term of the lease, say, every ten
years. The argument is urged against
his disposition Of power sites that legis-
lators and state authorities are more sub
ject to corporate nfluence and control
tina would be the central government; in
reply 1t is claimed that a readjustment
of the terms of leasehold every ten years
would secure to the public and the state
just and equitable terms.
1 do not express an opinion upon the
controversy thus made or a preference
as to the two methods of treating water
power sites. l shall submit the matter to
congress and urge that one or the other
of the two plans be adopted.
I nave referred to the course Of the last
administration and of ,ts;le present one in
making Withdrawals Of government lands
from entry under homestead and other
laws and Of congress in removing all
doubt as to the validity of these with
drawals as a great step in the direction
of practical conservation. But 1t Is only
one of two necessary steps to effect what
should be our purpose. 1t has produced
a status quo and prevented waste and ir-
revocable disposition Of the lands until
the method for their proper disposition
can be formulated, But 1t Is of the ut
most Importance that such withdrawals
should not be regarded as the final step
in the course of conservation, and that
the idea should not be allowed to spread
that conservation is the tying up Of the
natural resources of the government for
indefinite withholding from use and the
remission to remote generations to decide
what ought to be done with these means
Of promoting present general human COM
fort and progress. For, If SO, 1t is certain
to arouse the greatest opposition to con-
servation as a cause, and II 1t were a
correct expression of the purpose Of con-
servationists It ought to arouse this OPP
position. AS I have said elsewhere, the
problem il how to save and how to util-
ize, how to conserve and still develop;
for no sane person can contend that 1t Is
for the common good that natures bless
ings should be stored only for unborn
generations.
i beg of you, therefore, in your delib-
~erations and in your informal discussions,
when men come forward to suggest evils