The Detroit times., 1910-11-01


all OF the political leaders In the coun-
try claimed 20 BE- loyal members and
true representatives OF the historic
Democratic-R Republican party In the
first half OF that administration the
parties in congress were usually deSlg
mated as Adams and antiAdams. As
the campaign Of 1928 approached, the
opposition To the administration CEN
tered upon the support OF Jackson and
became known as Jackson men. In"
Adams men, unwilling 10 limit their
allegiance 10 one man, assumed the
name National Republicans. The
Jackson men then claimed sole title
to the old party name OF Democratic
Republicans. The word Republican
appearing in the title OF both parties
gave rise TO confusion and the Jack
son men dropped 1t and retained only
the title Democratic. which still en-
dures The old Federaitst element
fiocked TO the support OF the Adams
Clay faction. but to them the word Re
publican was offensive.
Therefore. II happened that while
the opposition 10 Jackson was form
ally known as the National Republican
party, in practice It's members were
called Wings and after a few years
the party officially adopted the old
English appellation. In the campaign
OF 1928 the Democrats and Wings
faced each other In a square fight
and for the first time in the history OF
the country there was general ma
tional political campaign.
The principal issues which had di'
vided the old Federalist and Repub-
lcan parties hinged upon questions
Of foreign policy. The Republic had
severed its political connection with
Europe, but its internal commerce
was not self-supporting and 1t was
compelled 70 lean upon foreign trade
for existence. The first sharp division
resulted from the Jay treaty with Eng
land and from that time until the war
OF 1912 foreign commerce and for
eign policies determined the issues
upon which the people divided.
The Embargo and non-Intercourse
Acts OF the Jefferson and Madison
regime, hated as they were by the
| commercial interests. afforded a com
plete protective system which en-
couraged home industries. Pennsyl
vania especially began TO build M
manufacturers, being followed by New
Jersey. New York, and New England
The invention OF the cotton gin in this
country and the Improvement OF spin
ming machinery In England created
such a demand for cotton that slave
labor In the cotton states became I'm
mensely profitable and the financial
Interests OF the south did not discover
the need OF investing money In any
thing except cotton plantations. The
result of the War OF 1912 the over
| throw OF Napoleon, the beginning oi
the long peace in Europe, the rapid
growth OF the United States and the
| deyelopment OF the territory between
! the Alleghenies and the Mississippi
all operated to make the Republic
more independent OF foreign af1airs
In the meanwhile the Federalis'
party had collapsed, and the Repub
! licans were In control of the govern
ment by virtue OF their position with
respect to foreign policies. Then. FOL
| the first time, domestic problems arose
and pressed for settlement. In 1915
at the behest OF Pennsylvania, Con
gress enacted protective tariff whicf
resulted in further stimulating tht
American industries. The strict con
structionists and the latitudinarian'
again clAshed upon the question o.
whether the federal government pos
sessed the power under the Constitu
tion TO appropriate money for roads
canals and other internal improve
ments.
Henry Clay, who came into natlona
prominince in the Young Republican
revolt OF 1910, placed himself at th'
head OF the progressive faction III
formulated a protective tariff doctrine
which he named the American System
He was heartily in favor OF interna
improvements. and he was so thor
oughly devoted TO the business OF ad
yancing the material prosperity OF the
country that he deprecated the injec
ton OF purely political questions In
TO the national forum. Thus he al
ways was ready with a compromise
measure TO stave off the final reckon
ing on political questions, that HI
might save his industrial program
from disturbance. He was protec