davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-05-28
LOCRLS.

Ask Dan Bradford how to run an
automobile.
Miss Mary Bishop is visiting her
brother, Dr. John S. Bishop, in Balti-
more.
Mr.. Charles II. Hastings. Of near
Berlin, was visitor to the MESSENGER
office Thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Oliver d. Collins have
returned home from ten days trip to
Atlantic City.
Mrs. j. Arthur Price of Baltimore,
is here on a visit to Mr.. and Mrs. J.
Samuel Price.
Miss Katherine Anderson, of Berlin,
is a guest at the home of MIR. and Mrs.
William G. Powell.
Mrs. |. F. Payne. of New Church,
Va, is visiting her brother, Mr.. George
Bcvans, this week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Hurley J. Esham spent
Saturday, Sunday and Monday at
Shovel and Bishopville.
Little Miss Julia Parsons. of Kins-
ton, N. c.. will spend the summer with
relatives in Snow Hill.
Mrs. John w. Station is visiting her
parents, DIR. and Mrs. Il. K. Robinson,
near Sharon, Hartford County.
Judge Pattison was accompanied to
Snow Hill Wednesday by his wife, who
remained here until Thursday noon.
Miss Lucille Bevans returned home
Wednesday after spending week with
her grandparents. Mr.. and Mrs. L. A.
Carmcan.
Mrs. Elmer ID. Bailey, of Salisbury,
spent Tuesday and Wednesday in Snow
Hill as the guest of Miss Mollie Coul-
bourn.
Mrs. John J.. Watson, of Baltimore,
who has been the guest of Mrs.
Lawrence Hastings, left Tuesday for
Pocomoke City.
Miss Carolyn Hargis returned home
Thursday night from Washington, d.
c., where she has been attending school
at Washington Seminary.
MIR. N. J. Pusey brought to this
Office last Saturday two quarts of beau
tiful Strawberries of the variety known
as Stevens Late Champion.
Mrs. Howard Shockley and little
daughter returned TO Philadelphia Tues
day, after short visit to friends and
relatives in and around Snow Hill.
Members of the Jr. o. u. A. NJ. are
requested to be present at the regular
meeting next Monday night. Something
must be done. w. II. Petit, Sec'y.
Miss Annie c. Bonneville. of this
town. graduated as trained nurse from
Johns Hopkins last week. Miss Bonnie
vile made splendid record and gradu-
ated with honors.
Mrs. Eugene w. Vcascy and chill
dren, Of Pocomoke City, and Mrs.
William G. Scott. of Baltimore, spent
Tuesday in Snow Hill as guests Of Mr..
and Mrs. Lawrence Hastings.
MIR. J. Dukes Downes. State Bank
Commissioner, says that State and saw
ing banks and trust companies will be
required to make reports five times
year. just as the national banks are now
obliged to do. The first report will be
asked for on June LIST. when the law
goes into effect.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-05-28

Chamberlain Stomach and Liver
Tablets will clear the sour stomach,
sweeten the breath and create healthy
appetite. They promote the flow OF
gastric juice. thereby inducing good d.
gestion. Sold by all dealers.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-05-28

A touch of rheumatism, or twinge
Of neuralgia, whatever the trouble is,
Chamberlain Linimcnt drives away the
pain at once and cures the complaint
quickly. First application gives relief.
Sold by all dealers.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-05-28

Never hesitate about giving Chamber
lain's Cough Remedy to children II
contains no opium or other narcotics and
can be given with implicit confidence.
As a quick cure for coughs and colds to
which children are susceptible. it is I'M
surpassed Sold by all dealers.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-05-28

For sale l tall grandfather clock
loaded glass door: / mahogany side
hoard 3 mahogany chest of drawers (;
mahogany table; high grade rubber
tire buggy / shetland pony, cart and
harness. w. I. Hearn. Snow Hill.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-05-28

The love of money is the root Of all
evil, but il looks as though that was the
sort of love that makes the world go
round.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-05-28

John ID. Rockefeller would go broke
il he should spend his entire income try
ing TO prepare a better medicine than
Chamberlain's Collie, Cholera and Diar-
rhoea Remedy for diarrhoea, dysentery
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-05-28
WANTED.

Six more operators on Shirts. Girls
can make good wages. Pleasant place
to work. Apply to
J. l.. HOLLOWAY.
(2l-4tD Snow Hill, Md.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-05-28

Don't forget about those strawberry
checks. You can get them good and
heavy here for Sl.00 a thousand.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-05-28

Pay your subscription to the Mes
sENcER during Court.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-05-28
WALDING, KINNAN & MARVIN.
Wholesale Druggists. Toledo. q

Halls Catarrh Cure is taken internal
~. acting directly upon the blood and
mucous surfaces of the system. Testi-
monials sent free. Price rs cents per
bottle. Sold by all Druggists.
Take Halls Family Pills for consti-
patton.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-05-28

We offer One Hundred Dollars Reward
for any case Of Catarrh that cannot be
cured BY Halls Catarrh Cure.
+. j. CHENEY a. CO.. Toledo, o.
We. the undersigned. have known +.
J. Cheney for the last Is years. and be-
lieve him perfectly honorable in all bust
ness transactions and financially able "a
carry out any obligations made by his
firm.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-05-28

For sale Cold storage Green Noun
tain seed potatoes. Price upon appli-
cation. Calvin ID. Quinn. Showell, Md.
7-3t.)
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-05-28

lHcfc nave tcCcutty utcii uidue "
arrests Of suspects by detectives of the
Pennsylvania Railroad. between Will
mington and Cape Charles in search
for three yeggmen who blew open the
safe in the postoflice at Greensboro, Md.
The force of Inspector German. of the
railroad, is aiding Postal Inspector
Plummer in an endeavor to round up the
cracksmcn. All the suspects were TAX
en- from freight trains. They were
rigidly searched and some were sent to
prison for trespass but nothing connect
ing them with the robbery was found.
Mr.. Gordon Il. Jones and family
have moved to their new home on the
bay near Newark. where they will spend
the summer months. When Mr.. Jones
sold his seaside property last summer
he reserved several acres. with the in
tention of building home to which TO
retire with his family during the sum-
mcr months. This idea has been sue
cessfully carried out. and he has just
completed a comfortable and commodi-
GUS house along the bayside. On his
return to Snow Hill in the fall, Mr..
Jones and family will reside in his house
on the corner of Market and Hill Streets.
This house. we understand. will be re-
modelled during the summer.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1910-06-01
Miss Ruth Adams Dead.

Columbia, May 26.-Miss Ruth
Adams, Of Charleston, died at the
Columbia Hospital at noon to-day as
a result of blood poisoning, which set
in from a buckle scratch she had re-
ceived. Miss Adams was brought
here for treatment several days ago
Her death Is unusually sad, as she
was only 16 years Of age. She was
the daughter of United States Mar
shall j. Duncan Adams, of Charleston
Miss Adams, who was a student at
Lander College, was operated upon,
and it was hoped that she would re-
cover, but Wednesday night her con-
dition was critical, and 1t was then
seen she could not survive. Her in
jury to her hand by the belt scratch
was not regarded seriously at first.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1910-06-01
Wccvil Everywhere In Ten Years.

Little Rock, Ark, May 25.-In the
opinion Of Dr.. w. D. Hunter, ento-
mologist in the United States De-
partment of Agriculture, the boil
weevil will have invaded the entire
cotton belt within the coming ten
years. This prediction was made at
the opening session to-day of the In
terstate Cotton Seed Crushers' an
nual meeting
TO forestall the ravages of the
weevil as much as possible, Dr.. Hun
ter suggested early planting, but his
idea was combatted by j. NJ. Volger
of Alexandria, La, a spirited tilt re-
sulting and furnishing a feature OF
the opening session. Mr. Volger IN.
sisted that late planting would be
best
The reading of report from Jul
Ian l.. Brodie, special agent Of the
Department of Commerce and Labor
who Is in Europe In the interest OF
the cotton seed industry, concluded
the business session this afternoon
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1910-06-01

OUR CLUBBING OFFERS.
You Can Get Big Amount of Read
ing Matter for Little Money.

Below we give q list of clubbing
offers that will secure for you a lot
of good reading for a small amount:
KEOWEE COURIER. one year,
with Charleston Semi-Week-
ly News and Courier. 1.75
KEOWGE COURIER, one year,
with Atlanta Weekly Consti-
tuition ............. LAO
With Tri-Weekly Constitu-
CThis also includes a premium.)
KEOWEE COURIER, one year,
with Atlanta Semi-Weekly
journal ........ 1.76
(This also includes a premium.)
IxEOWEE COURIER, one year,
with the Home and Farm. 1875
lxEOWEE COURIER, one year,
with w. J. Bryan's "The
Commoner" 1.OO
KEOWEE COURIER, one year,
with Thrice-a-Week New
York World ............. 1.85
KEOWEE COURIER, one year,
with "The Union News" "a
National Farmers Union pa
PERI -. 1.75
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1910-06-01

lodges five years continuously in the
work named: Keeper of Records and
Seal, Master-at-Arms, Master OF En-
chequer. There Is in Columbia n
lodge secretary who is faithful and is
an ornament to the lodge, but he is
ambitious to go to the Grand Lodge,
and he cannot unless he serve as
Vice Chancellor and as Chancellor
Commander. Should he do so the
lodge might get an inferior secretary.
1t is to meet just such emergencies
as that that the lodge accepted the
resolution.
To Meet in May.
There will be no change in the
time o. the meeting OF the Grand
Lodge. The special committee re-
ported unfavorably on the propo-
sition to have the meeting in April
instead Of May.
Session Harmonious.
When the Grand Lodge adjourned,
delegates who have attended many
sessions, declared its deliberations to
have been the most harmonious in
the history Of the % evcntful years.
After adjournment, the delegates
repaired to the court house square,
where an oldfashioned basket picnic
was served along with new-fashioned
barbecue. This feature Of the meet
Ing was thoroughly enjoyed. Fully
1900 were served-and first OF all
the Confederate soldiers Of the coun-
ty were gathered and showered with
loving attentions.
ID. O. *. X. FrOIics.
The Dramatic Order Of the
Knights Of Khorassan had quite a
frolic Tuesday night, and SO tyros
crossed the hot sand, the aforesaid
crossing requiring until 4 a. IN.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1910-06-01
SUNDAY SCHOOLS LOSE BOYS.
Seventy-five Per Cent OF Youth Wan
der from Fold.

Washington, May 25-Seventy-five
per cent of all the boys over 13 years
In the Protestant Sunday schools Of
the United Staees are lost to the
church and never make professions
of faith. Such statement, spoken
by Eugene G. Foster, of Detroit, in
one Of the workers conferences to-
day, which followed the Worlds Sun
day School Convention, astonished
Sunday school workers from all parts
of the earth.
"That is the most astounding
statement l have heard in this coun-
try" exclaimed an English delegate,
who said he was Sunday school
worker, In Haverhill. Suffolk, Eng
land.
There must be something radi-
cally wrong with the system which
permits 1t. In England we do not
lose more than 3 per cent
81 have made that calculation after
study, observation and experience" !"
replied Mr.. Foster. Practically all
the delegates HC the meeting agreed
with him.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1910-06-01
Children Cry
FOR FLETCHER'S
G ~ s 7 Q RIA
Two Women Dashed to Death.

Columbus, Ohio, Iay 27.-Miss
Lillian Wright and Miss Flossie Her.
man were instantly killed to-day at
Logan by their automobile turning
turtle. Several others were reported
to have been severely injured. The
occupants Of the automobile were
returning from a party at midnight.
William Snyder, president Of lum-
Der company, and driver OF the ma
chine, ran over an embankment near
Young's Bridge. Mrs. Don Goss had
rib fractured and Mr.. Snyder's leg
was broken
Miss Wright was to have been mar
ried next Wednesday,.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1910-06-01
Eusy Money.

"How much does that stylish doc
tor Of yours charge?"
'"ren dollars a visit"
Gee! How often has he called
at your house this month";"
"Twenty times"
Gosh! You owe him 5000 then?"
Nope, only $40. He's made the
other nineteen calls trying to collect
the bill"
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1910-06-01
First Baptist Church,
John Knox Hair. Pastor.

John Knox Hair. Pastor.
Preaching at II q. m. and $50
p. m every I'd and 4th Sunday.
Sunday school at 10 a. IN. every
Sunday
Prayer meeting every Thursday at
$40 p. m.
Woman's Mission Society on We'd
nesday after the Sd Sunday in each
month at $50 D. m.
The public cordially invited to
these services.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1910-06-01
Lutheran.

Rev. IT. B. Epting, Pastor.
English services every Sunday
morning at IL o'clock; Sunday
School at 9.45 a. m.
Missionary Society meets on Wed
nesday after the first Sunday in each
month.
Ladies' Aid Society meets on Wed
nosday after the third Sunday in
each month.
A cordial invitation Is extended to
all to worship with us.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1910-06-01

Itching piles provoke profanity, but
profanity won't cure them. Doans
Ointment cures itching, bleeding or
protrudfng piles after years of suffer
ing. AT any drug store.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1910-06-01

Foley's Kidney Remedy may be
given to children with admirable re-
suits. 1t does away with bed wetting
and Is also recommended for use af-
ter measles and scarlet fever.
J, W. Bell
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1910-06-01

If you haven't the time to exercise
regularly, Doan's Regulets will pre-
vent constipation. They induce a
mild, easy, healthful action of the
bowels without gripping. Ask your
druggist for them. 25 cents.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1910-06-01

VIII also stop at the following
stations and take on and lot of pas
sengers: Phinney's, James's, Toxa-
way, Weicn.
A. b. Andrews, President.
j. r. Anderson, Superintendent.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1910-06-01

). r. carey. J. w. Shelore,
Pickens. 8. G. Walhalla, 8. G.
w. G. Hughs, Walhalla.
CAREY SHELOR 8 HUGHs,
Attorneys and Councillors,
Walballs, 8. @.
Practice In State and Federal CourtR
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1910-06-01
5000 'a@$s s:a*s *ss9s*.S. 5000
;9t CHURCH DIRECTORY. sot
sS@.s 5000 *t $s%s#s# @#@
Presbyterian.
Rev. Geo. M. Wilcox, Pastor.

Rev. Geo. M. Wilcox, Pastor.
Walhalla Church-Preachin I'd
and 4th Sabbath. Morning servi g,
II a. M; evening service 7.30 p. ~
Sabbath School (weekly) 10 a. m.
Prayer meeting Wednesday after
noon at o'clock.
Bethel Church-Preaching I'd and
4th Sahhaths. Preaching service,
$50 p. m. Fifth Sabbath, II a. m.
Sabbath School, p. m.
Ebenezer Church--Preaching on
1st Sabbath at 4 p. m.
Richland Church--Preaching 1st
and Sd Sabbaths. Morning service
11.30 a. III.
Sabbath School, 1890 a. M.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1910-12-01
rouitry POINTERS.

Boys and girls attending school nave
splendid opportunities for poultry rails
ing Except the close attention that
must be given to incubatOrs and young
chicks. school hours do not stand in
the way of poultry raising. Ambitious
boys and girls can solve the problems
of poultrymen.
The orchard is a splendid place for
poultry to range in. Poultry is very
good insect destroyer.
Save all the grain. such as kailir.
milo, sorghum, broom corn seed. mil
let seed, etc. for poultry. 1t is often
difficult to get variety Of food for
fowls during winter
Nearly all diseases of poultry can be
traced to filth. Clean off the drop
boards frequently.
Don't forget the charcoal. grit. etc
Keep plenty always In reach If the
poultry.
\ coat of lime inside the poultry
house is an improvement III many
ways It makes the room lighter: II
preserves the woodwork: it fills up the
creviceS and prevents them from be-
coming breeding places of Insects.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1910-12-01
NAME YOUR
FARM AND HOME

Every man who owns a country
home should name it. His farm
is his place of business; his crops,
his horses, cattle and tools are his
goods-his stock i'll trade-just as
much as the goods of the merchant
in town and quite often yield much
greater profits notwithstanding pre-
vailing notions to the contrary. II
he is the right sort of farmer he
takes a just pride i'll everything he
raises and sells because it comes
from his own premises and is a
part of himself; being the fruition
of his own plans, his own physi-
cal and mental energies. Likewise
the better the quality of his goods
and more abundant the quantity
the more cause on his part for the
ght sriort of self esteem. If his
crops are better quality than the
average very naturally he likes to
have both the buyer and the con-
sumner know where the good stuff
came from; so what better way
than to have his farm properly
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1910-12-01

named and his products associated
with that name. The time is COM
ing when all we'll travelled country
roads will be turnpikes that one
can haul loads over at all seasons
of the year. Possibly not gravel
or crushed rock turnpikes but at
least district roads so drained, grad
ed and dragged that rains will not
materially affect them. In like
manner the time is coming when
most farms will have an appropriate
registered name and be known the
county over by that name. So,
name your farm and make it the
best in your neighborhood in point
of productiveness and the most at
tractive the eye of the traveller who
passes along your way.-A. r.
Stinson.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1910-12-01


very clear this season in connection
with land, naturally we'll drained.
which has been lately tiled-namey.
that in the driest season known in
years this land has produced larger
crops of better quality than land wing
near by which was apparently sui'i-
GENTLY dry for crop production. Ihls
greater prOductiveness seems directly
due to the fact that in land which
is tiled there is a much freer circula-
ton of the air, which means mel
lower and looser soil and more rapid
passage to the surface of subsoil mois-
ture This same condition results in
Il rapid absorption into the soil of rain
that does fall. thus reducing to Il mini
mum the volume which flows off from
the surface. washing and outlying the
soil
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1910-12-01

The quicker a cold is gotten rid
of the less danger from pneumonia
and other serious diseases. Mr..
B. w. l.. Hall, of Waverly, Va,
says: / firmly believe Chamber
lain Cough Remedy to be abso-
lutely the best preparation on the
market for colds. l have recon-
mended it to my friends and they
all agree with ME. For sale by
Owl Drug Store.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1910-12-01

The sheep killing dog is not unlike
some men you now ana then run
across, seemingly pious and well be-
haved by daylight. but raisin' the devil
o. nights. Both need claiming up
twenty-fOur hours of the day.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1910-12-01

A long step would be taken toward
improving the highways of the coun-
try We're so simple thing to be dom"
as the enactment by state legislatures
of laws compelling the use of wide
tired vehicles for the hauling of loads
to and from market This would not
alter the contour of roads out OF
shape. take the place Of the road drag
or of graveling or macadamizing roads
which would otherwise II" impassahe.
but ii would do more to improve coun-
try roads than any simple policy which
present time.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1910-12-01

Some analyses of solid and liquid
manures which have been made by an
English soil specialist place the fer
tiliZer value of fresh urine from Il ton
of lnseed cake ut Sl2.50. while the
value of fresh manure from the same
Quantity Of linSecd cake Is but 81.
This investigation gives emphasis to
suggestions which have been made of
late showing the necessity of more
care in saving liquid manure. which in
the usual process of handling the
homemade fertilizers is usually lost.
Straw of itself has slight fertilizing
value. but when used as an absorbent
of liquid manure it serves Il most
valuable and useful mission. Thus In
stead of allowing the stacks of straw
to rot dowr, in the field. as is the case
in so man, sections. it should be scat
tered IN the feed Yards and lots and
used generously for bedding. which
will serve the twofold purpose Of
making the cattle and horses comfort
able and saHtnS the fertilizer in Ques-
uon. II
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1910-12-01

The Maine experiment station rec
ommends the following spray for the
interior of poultry houses to kill lice:
carbOic acid, 80 to % per cent
strength. This should be applied as II
paint or spray to roasting boards. nest
boxes. floor and walls. The mixtures
should be stirred when being used.
The inSecticide can he most quickly
applied as a spray. and for this any
two or three gallon hand outfit may
be used 1t is recommended that the
interior of the henhouse be white
washed as soon as the spray has been
applied.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1910-12-01

Too often it is person who cannot
swim who rocks the boat and the one
who doesn't seem to know breech from
muzzle who is shot with the "unload
ed gun.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1910-12-01

Now that the leaves are off il will
be a good idea to cut the grape or 9th
er vine from the apple or shade tree
unless it Is the intention to sacriii g
tree to vine If the tree Is alrcaay
done for it may well be left rs Il trcllis
for the vine.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1910-12-01

With pure bred foH : selling +
prices ranging from s. 10 800 j. j.
perhaps unreasonable to expect ali
around perfection in an individual for
which the owner asks but 81 or -.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1910-12-01

Figures recently compiled show that
in some way or another by hook or
crook, and many are disposed to think
by the latter method chiefly. the cor
porations Of the country have ac-
Quired possession of 164.OWooo acres
of land in the United States. while
small holders own but 1O5,OnO.WD
acres.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1910-12-01

A little sewing machine oil judicious-
~ applied will put a stop to that pro-
lOnged squeaking of bedroom and
closed doors
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1910-12-01

Poultrymen have been good deal
concerned the past few months over
the rather widespread appearance of Il
disease among poultry which has thus
far defied successful diagnosis. includ-
ing cause and cure. 1t seems to take
both young and old and works with
suddenness. Instances have been
noted where hens have been taken
with the disease and died within Il
few minutes after laying. An cXami-
nation of dead fowls seems to show
u diseased condition of the liver. but
what is responsible for this is not
known