The Breckenridge news. (Cloverport, Ky.) 1876-1955, 1910-01-05

minimize the danger and to carry the
surface water to its nearest and best
exit point. 1t is not enough to get the
water off and out from the road, but 1t
must be got away from the road.
When we have done this we can COM
mence 10 properly construct the sub
grade, and not before.
AS general proposition, in accom-
plishing a well built sub-grade it is al
ways well TO remove all loan, roots
and vegetable matter from the pro-
posed travel part of the road; also
everything of springy nature or any
thing found i'm excavating for said
roadway that will be liable to heave or
settle and fill all such places with
clean sand or gravel.
Where it Is necessary to fill TO bring
the Sub-grade up to the height required
have found in my practice where the
filing exceeds one foot in depth that
the filling should be deposited in
courses not to exceed twelve inches in
depth, loose measurement, and require
that each course shall be extended
across the entire ill and completed be-
fore commencing another course, no
matter If the fill be two or twenty
feet And this method should be fol
lowed with each succeeding course I'M
til the established grade is reached.
The constant travelling over each of
the courses by the teams employed in
handling the material will remove the
possibility of ever having a cracked
fill or one that will slide after the road
has been constructed. This is very
important matter, | find. and | have
used ii i'm my work in my own state.
| also find that in the cuts it is we'll
not TO plow down below that point
that is to be the finished grade of the
sub-grade, hut TO keep it a sufficient
height above that so that when the
roller is placed on the work it will
make n good solid foundation. and you
will not have to resort to filing in the
cut tn bring the sub-grade up TO the
grade desired. These two principles
Of cut and ill will be found to work
to great advantage in the proper con-
suuction of a road.
The shape. or contour, Of the sub
grade has been somewhat a matter of
controversy. some engineers holding to
the level line foundation and putting
on an extra depth of stone or material
in the center to make the contour or
shed from the center line Of the road
TO the berms. or shoulders. while other
engineers have given the sub-grade or
foundation upon which the wearing
material is to be placed the same con
tour as the finished road. | have used
this latter method in my own work i'm
my state by reason of the fact | be-
lieve ii makes a better foundation and
that the uniform depth of stone at the
shoulders will assist In holding the
crown of the road in shape and fur
nish n sustainment at the shoulder
line better than to have less depth
of stone at the shoulders and greater
depth at the center of the road. 1t
also assists I'm case of breaking up of
the road or a fracture or other devel-
opments in draining to the side, or
shoulder. of the road.
The forming of the shoulders is a
very important matter. They are real
ly the support of the road. 1t has al
ways been my practice when making a
shoulder in the fills to lay out my road
and put the newly added material ten
or twelve inches into the new travel
path, tamping it down firmly and then
cutting back to the line. thereby max
ing good, firm shoulder TO work to
and TO hold in place the stone or gray
ell in the travel path of the road.
1t is a difficult matter to treat this
question as inteligently through the
medium of the written word as 1t
would be with charts, but If these
principles are followed In building the
sub-grade a good foundation upon
which to put the wearing surface will
result.-James IL. Macdonald. State
Highway Commissioner of Connect
cut, in Good Roads Magazine, New