davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1910-06-11

them good start. Two hundred
pounds of cottonseed meal applied
at the time Of planting frequently
makes quite a difference in the Weld.
Peas are, however, great potash ana
phosphate feeders ana it alWays paws
to supply these substances in an
abundance. The planting of peas in
corn is only one Of the many ways
III which this crop should be used.
There is no better plant to follow
winter grain with, and none that 50
we'll prepares the ground for such.
Prepare the Land Well.
1t is a mistake not to give the
soil good preparation for peas. II
the ground is broken deeply and
we'll pulveriZed before sowing them.
very little preparation will be neces-
sary to succeed them with winter
g.2in. When sOwn upon grain
stubOle they can be sown either
broadcast or in drill and cultivated.
With poor land the latter method is
preferable 1t requires more seed
when sown broadcast, but this is
offset by the saving of cultivation.
Use plenty of seed. Two bushels per
acre when sOwn broadcast is not an
excessive quantity and even when
sOwn in drills a bushel to the acre
is none too much.
OF varieties there are probably as
many of peas as Of any other known
crop. They differ in a wide degree
both in appearance, in size, in color.
and in method of growth. Some Weld
an abundance of fruit with little
vine, while others have just the re-
verse propensity. In the color and
size Of the fruit and of the pod they
also have a wide range Of variation
But they all possess the valuable
trait of gathering nitrogen from
the air.
Peas are subject to very few dis
eases and are attacked by few insect
enemies. There is one disease that
many varieties have in common with
cotton, however. That is wilt, or
root rot. The variety known as
Iron" resists this disease and hence
should always be planted on land
subject to this trouble
Peas Every Third Year on all Lands.
The pea should be the most abund-
ant plant upon every farm in the
South. The intelligent and econom-
ical farmer will so manage his land
that it will produce at least one crop
of peas every three pears. Whether
these peas are turned under or are
saved and fed, they cannot fail to
pay No man has done his full duty
to his farm until he has seen to it
that peas are growing upon every
foot that it is possible for them
to grow upon. Plant peas early in
the morning, at noon, in the evening
Plant them early in the season and
later, plant peas as long as there is a
chance for them to make anything,
and then, when next spring comes
and your neighbor is paying 20 cents
a pound for nitrogen and starving
his plants for it, show him your crop
and with pencil and paper figure how
many dollars the peas have saved
you. Then when harvest time comes
count those dollars. One last word.
plant peas, plant peas, plant peas!
Progressive Farmer.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1910-06-11
INVITED TO CHARLESTON.
Our Health Officer VIII Visit the City
BY the Sea.

Mr.. r. /. Reardon has received the
following invitation from Charleston.
He asks that owners of automobiles
communicate with him at an early
date:
Mr.. f. I. Reardon.
Sumter. s. c.
Dear Sir:
The Charleston Automobile Club
have determined to hold the Good
Roads Rally on Tuesday. July 18th.
The programme will include a con-
vention from IL o'clock until at
hall In this city. and a fish fry and
clam bake and a hop at the Isle of
Palms In the afternoon and evening.
We beg to extend to you an earnest
invitation To be present and take part
In the proceedings as well as in the
festivities.
We desire TO interest every auto
mobllist I'm the low country and in
vite them to be present and. there
fore, will ask that you kindly send us
list OF the owners OF cars in Sum-
ter county. as soon as possible, so
that invitations may be sent TO them
Yours truly,
James Cosgrove.
Chairman.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1910-06-11

Prof. N. Courtney Carson of Tn,
Cniycrss OF south Carolina received
his NJ. 4. degree with highest distinct
ton this week. Mr.. Irving Furmau
Eelscr graduated with highest dis
tlnction. receiving his Is. \. degree.
Mr.. Paul Kennedy Bowman, a rising
senior was among the highly distin-
gulshed iu his class and was awarded
the Preston scholarship.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1910-06-11

Sonia Elliott was tried by tho re-
cordcr Thursday tor selling booze. Her
attorney. Mr.. George -. Levy demand
ed a jury. The city put up its tcsti-
mony. two negro women. who were
tried several days ago for selling.
They testified 90 buying II from Scni1.
but that diI not go with the jury and
they acquitted her.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1910-06-11
Farmers Union News
Practical Thoughts for Practical Farmers


The
Practical Farmers
aim the end
be of
ginal
will and she'd.
IL Department sent
May
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1910-06-11
THE MOST VALUABLE CROP OF
THE SOUTH.
This Is What the COwpca Would Be
IL We Gave ii Il Chancc-The Value
of Crop of Peas, the Kind to
Plant, and When and HOw--Plant
Every Available Acre.

AS small boy upon the sugar
plantations of Louisiana my earliest
recollection is that every third year
the land was sown to cowpeas, and
the value of this process for building
up land was so thoroughly understood
that l took it for granted that this
was the custom wherever peas would
grow. For a long while after l learn
ed differently it was a source of
wonder that every one did not SOW
peas as regularly as those planters
l still can not we'll understand why
it should be necessary to argue to any
farmer in the South the advantage
Of good cover of peas.
The great need of the soils of the
South is vegetable matter or numus.
This is necessary, not only as a
source Of plant food, but for it's me-
chanical effect upon the soil and be-
cause 1t increases the ability Of that
soil to hold and to supply moisture
to plants. This vegetable matter. it
is true, can be supplied by turning
under any plant, but most plants,
when so treated, add no food to the
soil, 'as they have obtained the nitro
gen, phosphoric acid and potash
they contain from the soil itself, and
hence only return what they have
taken away. The cowpea and other
members Of the legume family, pos
sesS the power of gathering their
nitrogen from the atmosphere. So
when they are grown upon land and
then turned under they actually add
nitrogen to the soil.
Free Nitrogen for the Cotton CrOp.
Cotton, yielding bale per acre,
when care is taken to return the
stalks and leaves to the soil, re-
moves therefrOm about Al pounds
of nitrogen in the lint and seed This
is worth over 81. If we allow the
leaves to dry up and blow away and
then burn our cotton stalks, as is too
often done, we remove an additional
60 pounds of nitrogen, worth over
$1,000
If we turn under the stalks and
leaves from this crop and then plant
ana grow upon the land a crop OF
peas, they will make us a yield OF
at least ton and half of vines
These vines when turned under. OF
when fed to cattle and the resultant
| manure added to the soil will add
thereto something like 60 pounds OF
lnitrogen-morc than replacing what
was removed by the cotton. This
too, is a decided gain as it al cam,
| from the air.
In addition to the nitrogen, thes,
peas contain i'm their roots anC
stems some 20 pounds of phosphoriC
acid and 100 pounds Of potash. Il
! Is rruc that these latter came from
the soil, but they were largely ob.
! tanned from the deeper layers moi
! often forngcd 10y most plants. Sinc,
when returned to the soil in tn,
form Of d"caying pea vines thcs,
substances ar" duuhly rs vamabI,
! rs thcY Wcr" before, it is only fair t,
charge the soil with ouc-hllr thci
value.
From a plant food standpoint
then, We hay, the following accouu
when a crop of peas is grown upon
this land and the vines turned un
der
so lbs. of nitrogen at IS c....$I0.NO
10 lhs. phos. acid at 055c. 11l
80 lbs. potash, at o.. -. ..22,
! Total value OF the plant food
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1910-06-11
Jbt ddlattbman ano Soutbron.


The Sumter Watchman was found
cd In 1850 and the True Southron in
1855. The Watchman and Southron
now has the combined circulation and
influence CT both OF the old papers.
and Is manifestly the best advertising
medium In Sumter.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1910-06-11
BASE BALL DOPE.

Owing to the fact that the Wedge
field team will not have to leave the
City until $50 o'clock, the manage
ment of the Sumter Collegians has
decided to have the game tomorrow
called at $50, which will allow ample
time for the playing of the entire nine
innings, and will give the merchants
and their employees an opOrtunity to
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1910-06-11

The alarm OF Grc rJ~rday WAS
caused by a pile of waste paper i'm
the back lot of the Ostccn Publishing
CO., building becoming ignited from
the furnace used for melting linotype
metal. The paper made a big blaze
but was cNtinguished with a few
buckets Of water and no damage was
done.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1910-06-11

Judge iicharC ON has leather
winged bat at his office with its
young. The Young are carried 10y
th" mother until they get large
enough to shirt for themselves.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1910-06-11

II is estimated that Alaska has 1G,-
100000 tons Of coal I'm sight. But
with her climate it Is hardly more
than shc needs.--San Francisco Chro-
niclc.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1910-06-11

MT william Alexander is having
his home on Chestnut street repaint-
ed.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1910-06-11
in 1 1-2 tons pea vines and
roots E. :. S14.1O
Why Pcavincs Should Not BE PIOwcd
Under,

But turning under pea vines is
very much like eating only half of
the loaf. 1t will pay to grow pea
vines as a fertilizer alone, but there
is another way in which we can use
them and very much increase our
profits. We all know the value of
the peaVine as feed, but many Of
US do not realize fully that we can
feed these vines and by carefully
saving and returning the resultant
manure to the soil upon which the
benefit Of the plant food they con-
tained While only so per cent. of
this plant food re-appears in the ma
nure, yet it is in so much better
form for the use of the plants, that
what we do get is easily worth what
the original quantity was worth
When cottonseed meal is worth
$50 a ton, the nutrients in a ton of
pea hay are worth $40. Then the
ton and a half that the land in ques-
ton will yield will easily be worth
S15. Since we are first going to
feed this hay and then save the re-
sultant manure, we will then realize
the following from it:
1 1-2 tons of hay, worth $500
Manure from this hay con-
tains plant food worth 49,. 14.1O
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1910-06-11

The Wedgefield team is going TO
be rather tough proposition for the
Sumter boys to deal with Strange
the big sidewheeler will be on the
firing line with an assortment of curves
that have won him a big reputa-
ton. He will be supported by a
strong team, composed of the best
players of the neighborhood section,
and including several college men of
good reputation as ball players.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1910-06-11
Things TO Consider When Planting
Peas.

Just how and when it is best to
plant peas, varies with SO many con-
ditionS that one hcstatcs to lay down
any fixed rule. In the sugar district
OF Louisiana, the practice is to plant
the corn in G-fOOt rows. and when
this crop is about waist high to SOW
peas at the rate of II to , bushels
per acre. In other sections if is
customary to plant every other row
ana sometimes every third row in
peas. some plant hill of peas be
tween each hin of corn. while others
plant their corn i'm wide rows (about
. tc"b and drill peas on either side
IF TN" corn. With poor Land. somc
of these latter methods are probably
best as then one is able to give the
peas one or two workings th. Will
aid them materially.
Since peas gather the nitrogen they
need from the air, it is Of course
seldom necessary TO use any Of this
substance" rs a fertilizer for them.
liut if the soil is very poor it viii
pay to supply them with small
amount of nitrogen in order to give
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1910-06-11

1t the fans want base ball during
the summer months. this is their OPP
portunity to shoW their desire. The
locals have been organized with very
little financial backing, and they are
in need of money. The admission
price is only twenty-five cents. with
no extra charge for grandstand, and
there should lac n good crowd out to-
morrow afternoon
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1910-06-11

The probable lineup Of the locals
will be: Dutfie, 1st. base; Phelps,
2nd. base; Walter Jones, Shortstop;
Monaghan, 3rd. base; Dick, right
field; Haynsworth, center field; Willie
Jones, left field; Marshall, catcher;
Levi or Chandler, pitcher.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1910-06-11
Total value derived from one
Other Benefits Of the Pea Crop.

acre of peas. :. :. :. :. s29.10
Other Benefits of the Pea Crop.
But all the benefits of the pea
have not yet been enumerated. Some
have not entered into the above ac-
count because it is not possible to
figure them in dollars and cents
The very shading of the ground by
the peas during their growth is of
value. We know that all fertile
soils contain immense numbers of
living things, known as bacteria.
Some of these bacteria are harmful,
but the majority are working for
mans benefit whenever conditions
are favorable. Among the number
of beneficial bacteria found in soils
is one that has the power, under GER
tain conditions Of fixing nitrogen
from the air in the soil. This work
er is known as the nitric bacteria.
The conditions under which fixing of
nitrogen takes places through this
medium most readily are a temper
ature Of from 60 to 100 degrees, the
presence Of a moderate amount Of
moisture, the free access Of air, and
semi-darkneSs. There must also be
present in the soil moderate
>mOunt of lime.
When our soil is covered by a
growth of peavines these conditions
largely prevail. The leaves and
vines keep the surface from becom-
ing too dry. they keep it shaded and
prevent it's being packed by rains,
thus allowing a free access of air
| and as consequence the soil is able
| to fix a large amount of nitrogen.
| While there is no way of accurat tely
! figuring the value Of nitrogen so
| added to our soil, yet there is no
| doubt it is much greater than most
! of us realize.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1910-06-11

Mr.. Jim Calk. a former NeWbcrry
College crack player, will probably
Oiliciatc as Umpire. Mr.. Calk viii
keep the gam" going. and his work
as arbitcr will lend ginger to the play.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-08-28

conclusion that our colored folks are
81 pack of gibbering, cachinnating,
ldiotic apes In the South we make
no attempt TO impart to the colored
people the "cu1turcd and correct
speech, with London accent, which Pro-
fessor Barrett Wendell daintily deals
out to his colored students In Harvard
College but our colored folk speak In
telligently, IL not always grammati-
cally.
Happily, however, the people of the
North and of the other parts of the
country are realizing that the stage
and novel dialect is misrepresentative
of our speech. Their increasing travel
I In the South is teaching them better,
and sometimes the novelists and writer's
may venture as far as Richmond to
learn that we speak nationally and
clearly; softly, 1t may be, but so tna'
we can be understood; that II we
sometimes say you all" we never use
lit in the second person singular
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-08-28

For President-'Teddy The Lion
Killer of Darkest Africa. For Vice.
Presfdent-'The STAR Eyed Goddess OF
Kentucky, be gosh. Platform--A White
Man is as good as a Niger as long
as he behaves hisself!" This Is the
ticket Henry Watterson dominates III
the Louisville Courier ournal, ard, it
confirms our suspicion that he has
been acting very queer Of late. So
1t has come TO pass, has 1t? that this
dean of the American newspaper fac
ulty is going into politics and has
nominated hisself for Vice-Pres!dent
on the ticket with the Colonel. This
is not the first time that goddesses
have gone astray. His intentions are
doubtless good, however, remembering
the conduct of the lady in sacred lit
erature who "driv'" a nail up to the
hilt, so to say, in the head of anothe.
pestilent person who caused all sorts
OF trouble in his day and generation
Much Will be forgiven the star-Eyet
One If she will repeat this perform
ence. She might even be restored L
responsibility, despite her wantonnes'
IL she would.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-08-28
PROPOSED TRIP MAY
AGAIN BE ABANDONED

by the House Of Lords showed that
prior TO her marriage to the duke she
had been secretly welded to Augustus
iiervey, a lieutenant of the royal navy.
VINO had In the meanwhile become Earl
of Bristol, and from whom she had
never obtained divorce She was.
therefore, convicted OF bigamy by her
peers, and in consequences thereof d.
vested OF the title and style Of Duch-
ess of Kingston.
This had the effect OF reducing her
20 the status OF Countess OF Bristol
The penalty of blgamy in those days
was death, but as Countess of Bristol
she was able to plead the privilege OF
ishment beyond the payment OF tho
! Tees of the trial and Of certain fines.
! THIS she was we'll able to do. for while
her conviction of bigamy cost her her
strawberry leaved coronet OF duchesa
1t left her in the possession OF tha
great fortune of the duke. while Philip
Meadows, who was responsible for the
| suit against her, found himself COM
| pletely ruined.
The ex-ducness retired to tho CONT
nent, and having during her extraordi-
! nary career played role in the liyea
OF Frederick the Great of Prussia, Of
Voltaire and of other great personages
OF her time. died at the Chateau OF ST.
Assise. near Fontainebleau. when II
was found that, perhaps by. reason OF
II ,y,Ich sba 10 a trharIt.d rrn,r, ~ 49,
~ n,la ~ thas ,a.tar,a narbot.i. ~ rharia
/ Maodou.s tha+ To- ~ rr.v ,ba so, - ~
49,, ~ haa .stboI 80. W. co.
~ drcha.s H a.a whon, sba ~ bad 1I rntned
"A On cnn,in,e IT. tbn nns..asia, -, III
,be nronnr.s, - ~ ~, 80 u vi ha. -.
~ 70, ~ es Intn,,ats,,. ~. aaa,g
i ~ the ay-n,ret,asa Ssor Las Meodnws
w, ,.ose u. ah1 was nir rhiitp Meau-
., ~ We III -. -.
mo -, ~ = ' NV
II I,.,s q % 49, ~ p a,,., a,,,, " ~
p,ra s.u o,y i.., M, az q ms -
800 ~ at.a c.. , pann,,
piarra W '.as pIsi ptar,., s,ar
| 80 -, - a., % g -, Pv''s, 49,,
~, rs rs peils nis .t ,.a..'!
rtbe CIV .,nu .-'t arH stanfs.rs 4. ,ns
!
iourln carr OF ,he inc IN oirect Maie
succession.
SIT LeoFse flerEepoHt, srandIather
VI tne hIst Duho o1 ~ llSst0E. mao
younger son OF lHe name OF Wliilam.
wHose son. James fierrepont' came
Z 70 AinsFica. ana 9lea at ipsWich. Mass,
.oWaras the enc OF me seventeenth
GSentuIy' leaY.ns Two SONS John and
! plerpont. the mother OF j.. Pierpont
, Morgan ana henry hVeiyn Plerrepont,
u b i,y, ere uesceHueu. bul Whi!e
! sne lietfepoIts OF An!eFics may Justly
lain 70 represent f she oiliy Haie uhs
u lhe nicient anu Hlstoric Ansio.
d isoI ma" .ouse oi letrepohl, %hicn
!. I ilal orls'aaiiy from the Caste OF
: ,tetleYpit, GU ths oo!uets OF ficaFoS.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-08-28
SOUTHERN DIALECT.
The Columbia Daily Record WeI1 say

40.
.of ,ll the ridiculous, pitaple anu ois-
oo,raerinp things one sees In conteh-
,,o,arv literature Of we may SO ue
nanch the term), surely none aeseiNs'
more the qualifying SAVIOR OF tne az
tnctives we have used than the az
,emnts of some Northern writers 10 re-
nroduce what they imagine TO pc the
dialect of Southern white people.
As SAMPLES of what the dialect Oh
the South is represented to be IN ne
ion the Record quotes: If 70 or l.
snh we're asked how much two ana
two make, we would reply ION Wheh
This is asked a bon oratah, ne fepiiea'
When in the co'se of human events y
hacomes necessary to take an integeh
Of the second denomination ana aou ~
sub, to an integeh of the same oenom-
ina,ion.', etc. Then the Record prints
an excerpt from a recent southern
story of Robert w. Chambers, in which
"cultivated ,and refined Southern
lady" is made to say: "oh, Curt cuft'
il only / had the wretched consolation
OF sending you away to fight 10 the
fright, TO- God and country' There
/ darling. fo'sive me, fo'give me. am
i yo' wife first of all, Curt. And that
even comes befo' country and Coz
I. "Mother's little boy-oh, it's Ve'Y ma o.
vey ha'dI"
such stuff as this might have peen
expected from its superficial author
pIwhose aim is always quantity rather
than quality, but the pity is that Sc
many people VINO really do not kno"
; any better will read it and think IT
S mastery delineation of Southern speech
i The people from other parts OF the
S nation who come and dwell In Di&le
r know full we'll the grotesque absurditS
n Of these attempts to write our dialect
s Professional Southerners. born !!
T. Brooklyn and haunting the less selec
! cafes of New York, talk just that way
n, but they are in a class by themselves
d There is nothing in the North NOR
d, Earring TO the ears of Southerncrs thai
the ridiculous attempts made on tn
" stage to initiate the speech of South
nj ern white and Southern colored PEG
T. pie Perhaps the latter are NOR
G. grossly misrepresented. New 4or
ut negroes who have never been furthe
e South than South Orange, New Je:se!
X undertake to pass off on the stage a
in real Southern colored people and IL
tn representation which they make
ie- very far from creditable to their blac
ice brethren in the south II one wei
M TO Judge the colored people Of tn
y? part OF the nation by the theatrical d.
ra- lineaton given by those in the Mort
he no time would be lost In coming to u
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-08-28

lea, no one event compares In i'm
portance with this final crushing de-
feat of the Indians In Virginia, and
In the present city OF Richmond.
Now 1T seems to me as n private cit
isen, descended as are so many or our
people. from a participant in that
evcntful contest, that we should bestir
ourselves To thiLt end suggest that
we abolish the itntne Chimborazo, n
name not one of us even pronouncoa
correctly and which has 10 us no mean
ing, and rename our matchless Eas.
End park Bloody Run Park. n
Az ours Is not n mere village, but
n beautiful, historic and commercially
important city. why IRE we content
with Main" and Broad" Street? King
Powhatan, tho greatest ruler known
among the aborIgines had here his
Headquarters and tradition GAYS