The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1910-10-09

| top of the lava in Halemaumau. The
| small area near the Half Way House
| IS eight miles from kilauea and $500
| feet above the sea-
Numerous assures or faults were pro-
, duced along the line of greatest tension
| southwest from Kilauea. Over a hun
bred are drawn upon the Kapapala map,
the object being to show that a great
many of them are to be found there,
rather than the exact number. The
largest one is sixty feet wide and sixty
feet deep, miles in length, near the
! place of vent of the '6S flow.
! Cracks are met with occasionally be-
tween Kilauea and NanawaIe on the
opposite side of the volcano, and several
lines of them have been seen issuing
radially from Mokuaweoweo
If the assures were made by the eff
| fort of the lava to escape from con-
fnement in 1868, it follows that the
line of maximum disturbance is indi-
Gated by them. 1t was also the source
of the earthquake wave. And a more
important fact is indicated-the seismic
disturbances of 1868 in Kau originated
in Kilauea. Some have imagined a
focal disturbance at the Mohokea cal
sdera or at Pun Keokeo in order to
embrace the later flow at Kahuku. The
breakdown in the pit, the beginning of
the lava discharge, the elimination Of
the quakes, the landslide and the sea
wave were contemporaneous events
all from our most celebrated volcano.
Illustration G. shows the relations of
the several points of interest to each
other and to the central source of dis
+,,rI ~
of 1868 are farther to the southwest
than those of 1928 This 1923 flow has
never been correctly represented upon
the government maps. 1t is usually rep
resented as starting from near the
source Of the 1880 flow, descending
towards Kilauea and turning southwest
erly to join the real discharge of 1923
The first named portion was prehistoric
in tine.
The map shows also where there may
have been a species of tectonic move
ment supplementary to the volcanic,
for twenty miles east Of the 1923 flow,
fully a mile back from the shore, there
is pail 1900 feet above the sea, which
marks the locality Of great faults. It
is highest near the northwestern end.
In 1868 there was a settling Gown of
part Of the makai side of this pail.
Along the Puma coast, from kapoho to
Aqua, there was a subsistence of from
four to seven feet. At Kaimu trees
stood eight feet deep in sand and water.
The plain at Kalapaua sunk about six
feet, and the water was four or five feet
deep over twenty acres of former dry
land. The tide rises and falls within
the walls of an old stone church.
To complete the block, there is
parallel line of fault and low pail for
several miles along the upper trail from
Puma to Kau after passing the keauhou
road; and towards Kilauea other pre-
cipitous walls are visible. And there
was reported from Puma in 1909, IN
connection with an earthquake. another
subsistence of several inches, thus sug--
costing tendency for the falling of
blocks Of basalt in that neighborhood.
7. Last. but not least, came the flow
Of lava from Mauna Loa to hahuku-
the most spectacular of all the phe-
nomena connected with the volcanic dis
play Of 1868. The lava which had APP
peared high MP week earlier, poured
out from an opening about two miles
mauka from the Kahuku ranch at five.
y. N. April :. The people occupying
the district fled from their homes and
escaped. while their buildings, thirty
seven in number. were destroyed. The
flow ceased after four days activity.
So far as known. it started at an open
ing 5000 feet above the sea, about ten
miles distant from the shore, gushing
out chiefly in a cash one mile long.
There were four fountains Of fire, rlslng
about two hundred feet except when
two or more of them combined, when
the height was greater. Large rocks,
weighing many tons, We're thrown out.
The lava was blood red in color and
very auid. reaching the sea IN two
hours time after it started. There was
more than the usual amount Of chrEso'
lite present in both the aa and paboe'
hoe.
The course Of the fssure comedies
in the lower part Of It's way with the
western edge of a plateau, preelPlce
called Mamalu, which reaches the sea
at South Cape. The more elevated part
IS covered by excellent soil / have
compared this fssure to the efforts OF
the lumberman to split logs. The first
blow Of the ak cleaves the log short