davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15
ROADS OF SAND CLAY.
They Pssvs to Be Very Popular Who're
They Are Practicable.

The following Is from the latest re-
port OF the Virginia highway commiS-
siOuer:
1t has been the object Of this de-
partmcnt In determining the class of
road 10 build In the various counties
10 utilize as far rs possible local ma
tcrlal and to construct roads most suit.
able TO the needs of the several com.
muuitics, taking into consideration tho
available material, the travel on tho
road and the financial condition OF the
counties The sand.clny construction
has proved very popular in the locai-
ties where II Is practicable. and hopo
that the roads built in this manner In
the eastern and southern portions of
the state will demonstrate that the
roads in those sections may be greatly
improved Mt moderate cost.
1t is very important that some def
mite and positive legislation should be
taken with reference to the main
tcnancc Of roads which are being con.
structcd with state aid. 1t Is certainly
not understood by the people generally
that gravel ana maCndam roads have
TO be maintained.
Therefore proper attention has not
been given 10 this subject by the coun-
ty authorities. There should he n law
requiring the board of supervisors or
road boards to make special provision
for the maintenance or upkccp of the
roads which have been improved by
state aid. which should be so framed
that this department can require the
counties applying for state aid to pro-
vide the necessary funds for mainte.
nance.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15
T0WNsPEOPLE INTERESTED.
Concerned In Condition Of Roads as
Much as Earmnrs.

Not few people make the mistake
of supposing that the good roads ques-
ton is one for farmers mainly. "Tho
people who live in towns" declared tho
Illinois state engineer recently in
goods road speech at Peoria, ARE con
cerned in the general condition of the
roads as much as the people who live
out of the towns on the highways"
This is very true.
While the farmers reap directly the
most benefit. pleasure and convenience
from good roads, the condition Of the
roads affects the towns vitality. The
average community finds business ex-
tremely dull when the rural popula-
ton is bottled up by mud.
There are times in the United States
in this dawning twentieth century
when conditions obtain that existed in
England 800 years ago: when produce
needed in town for food rots few
miles out in the country because the
farmer can't haul it.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

The Newfoundland fisheries dispute
which has ever been with us since
the American republic first drew a
breath, are finally to be settled once
and for ALL and the controversy is to
be settled as it should by internation-
al judicial procedure If this decision
is wisely made it will go far toward
the establishment Of permanent
court of arbitration. Slowly we are
becoming more civilized.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15
Improvement Notices.

The amount Of good work that can
be accomplished by split log drag is
astonishing and must be seen before
believed
If community can't have good"
road it should have the best road pos
sible. Anything is better than a bad"
road.
The beneficent effects OF good roads
flow to the city and the hamlet as well
as to the farmer. They walk hand in
hand in community of interest, and
surely it is n picture beautiful to look
upon and sound at the core.
Good roads are Indispensable to our
growth and progress, and we must not
falter or wait to provide for them.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

If King George had a Disraeli, a
Chamberlain or a Cecil Rhodes as
prime minister, he could with his com.
prehension of what the house of lords
ought to be, form an imperial senate
in which the princes of India, com.
missioners of Canada, Australia, New
Zealand, South Africa, and all other
colonial possessions should sit. There
is a chance of rising to grand con-
ception, but will Asquith or Balfour
or Churchill or Lloyd-George be capa-
Bile of grasping the possibilities pre-
scented to the British empire?
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

New Zealand has many natural re-
sources, but perhaps, none are more
than the sulphur island,
known as White island, which lies
in the Bay of Plenty. In the center
of this island, which is about three
miles in circumference and rises near.
ly 1000 feet above the sea, is a boil
ing lake of acid charged water from
which a sulphurous vapor constant
ly arises. No effort has yet been
made to turn the sulphur to CONNER.
cial value, but it is very pure, and
will some day be of use.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

The systematic advertising of cities
and localities is growing in popularity.
1t is being proved by actual expert
ence that even large cities which feel
that they have passed the experiment.
al stage and need no longer spread
their special attractions before the
world, are often distanced by smaller
rivals who advertised persistently and
cleverly. Advertising pays. There
is no longer any question about that
and it pays the community as Ger.
tainly as it pays the individual
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

Two young men sent out by the
American Museum of Natural History
trip through the wilds of Mexico with
hundreds of photographs, taken in ma.
lures colorings and with the pictures
que environment in which they were
found of the rare and beautiful birds
of that section. From these photo.
graphs they will make a new series of
panoramic paintings which will eX.
coed in beauty and interest any pre-
viously made.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15
When the plans under way for

When the plans under way for the
better lighting of the city of Chicago
are completed, the windy city will be
the most brilliantly illuminated great
city in the world at a cost of $780,
coo per annum. 1t is estimated that
when the city shall have in use the
full electrical power to be drawn from
its prospective sanitary canal, that
the saving in electrical illumination
to the city will amount TO $1,OOO,OOO
year. 1t pays to provide public i'm.
provement and have them owned by
the city.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

New York City has several thou.
sanu more people than the whole
United States had when the first
president was inaugurated in 1888. It
is hard to believe that the last cen.
fury has seen such marvellous growth
in population and the development
of the continent from ocean to ocean.
viii the present century bring such
changes as marked? We who are en-.
gagged in the worlds activities today
may ponder this question, but for us
1t will never be answered.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

Has Mr.. Bryan met his Waterloo?
That's what good many of the demo
Gratis of Nebraska believe. The fight
in the forthcoming democratic state
convention at Grand Island is going to
test the peerless leaders, power pref.
ty sharply. He's going to make a
hard fight to get the county option
plank into the democratic platform
and there are others, just as deter.
mined, who are going to make hard
fights against it.
Many admire Mr.. Bryan's nerve in
standing up before the Lancaster
county convention and defying the
house to leave him off the delegation
and not endorse county option. But
they believe he has a struggle on baud
that is going to make him go some.
With Shallenberger openly defyinP
him. and with DahlmGn's followers ont
against his plan, to say nothing oi
many northern Nebraska counties that
are following Reed for senator, Il
looks as though there might be more
excitement at Grand Island than there
was at Reno.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

The June Century refers to the UNI
usual spectacle of busy business turn.
ing out in large numbers to hear the
reports from the foreign mission fields
and lend their energies to the prose.
cution of this enterprise. 1t is the
strong men of the nation who are at
the head of this laymen's missionary
movement and their success is phe'
nomenal. 1t is believed that the con
tributions of the American churches
will be doubled this coming year.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15
FOOD FOR PRESIDENT TAFT.

When, a good many years ago, a GER
tain labor organization sent Il tcle'
gram to Senator Davis of Minnesota,
asking him to favor legislation that
would have permitted strikers to de-
stroy life or property without inter
ference, he answered bravely that
they might as well ask him to vote TO
abolish the government of the United
States. 1t was the foundation of his
national reputation; and instead Of
hurting him politically, it made him
invulnerable.
Something of the same reward is
now awaiting President Taft for his
equally courageous fight against the
towards and traitors in the house who
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

The Portuguese government has
erected wireless stations on the
Azores so that vessels upon the At
lantic may now be reached from eth
er the European or American shore
without having the message relayed
from ship to ship. This new station
in the storm beaten Azores means
much to the future safety of steam
ships. Heretofore, when vessels were
in this region messages could only
reach them through the assistance of
some other ship nearer shore passing
them along with its own wireless out.
fit. This meant many delays and mis-
sent messages.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

Paper manufacturers are studying
the possibilities in the giant bamboo
trees of Ceylon, believing that the fl
bre may some day supply the worlds
demand for white paper, For rapidity
of growth the bamboos are unequaled
and the fibre is tough and pliable
Among the many substances now be-
ing experimental with, surely some
thing will be found to take the place
of the spruce and poplar forests for
making paper pulp.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

The old theory that the American
Indian was not amenable to the in
fiuences of civilization and could new
er develop capacity for citizenship is
being discarded along with the other
obsolete theories. The red men in
dividualized and liberated from op-
pressive traditions is fast developing
the ability to take care of himself in
a civilized manner and is displaying
qualities that entitle him to citizen.
ship in the not distant future.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

DR., Grenfell, whose remarkable SER
vices to the fishermen on the Labra-
dor coast would fill many volumes
with thrilling adventures, has prob.
ably done no one thing so likely to
improve the condition of these people
as the successful introduction of rein
deer into their country. 1t is expected
that the reindeer will not only sup.
plant the dog as draft animals, but
also supply milk and meat, clothing
and bedding, for the inhabitants of
this rigorous climate. DR.. Greufcll Is
one of the most practical medical
missionaries with which any country
was ever blest.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15


IFrom Good Roads Magazine. New York;
In planning OUT Il system of dirt roads
for Il state or even Il country ii is just
as necessary to plan out the location
and construction Of the outlying dirt
roads as it is of the highways which
are surfaced with maCadam or other
hard material and of which these dirt
roads are the feeders.
In road construction the ultimate
end is to reach Il certain point 10y the
most economic route. Thus in its To-
cation the grade is one of the most
important factors to be considered.
While Il steep grade may shorten the
distance between two points, it is false
economy inaSmuch as the load n horse
can pull decreases very rapidly with
the increase in grade. and it will be
found that il is far more economical
to increase the distance aud decrease
the grade.
The earth road is more susceptible
10 damage by water than any of the
specially surfaced roads, and therefore
any little breaks or holes that may be
made in an earth road by rain or Il
heavy load should be repaired imme
diately to prevent their growing into
mudholes. AS water is the greatest
enemy of any road, so drainage is the
most important consideration in road
building. The rain which falls on the
road must be permitted to run off as
rapidly as possible and by very easy
grade.
After the road is located and graded
and preparations are made for the
drainage the surface of the rOadbcd
Should be brought into just as smooth
a condition as possible. The center Of
the road must he the highest and the
crown slope gradually to the bitches
The same care should be taken in con-
structing the surface of the dirt road
that is given to the surface of mac
adam or Il Sand-clay road. The sur
face of a dirt road should be free from
all Stumps. rocks and vegetable matter.
for if not the cost of maintenance will
be greatly increased and the cost of
hauling will he much more
II - NECESSARY lHUl IL uIII TOHu ullpT
once it Is constructed be maintained
as a dirt road if it is to be kept in the
best condition, In repairing it do not
use rock, gravel or brush but use dirt
of nearly the same character rs that Of
the rOadbcd III order 10 make the road
way uniform, so that it wears well and
evenly. If holes and ruts are filled
with rock, gravel or brush the wearing
effect will be uneven and will cause
other holes TO be formed.
When the road surface Is made en-
tirely of dirt it can be kept in condi-
tion by means of the split log drag.
This simple COntrivance. If used regu.
larly after rain when the roadbed is
moist. will smooth and shape up the
road so that as soon as it is dried out
1t will be smooth and hard. The drag
will fill up the ruts and holes.
Another point to bear in mind in
connection with dirt road is that II
should be exposed as much as possible
to sunshine and wind on account of
their drying effect. Shade IS good for
mRcadam road. but bad for dirt
road. Many a muddy place on dirt
road has been remedied by cutting
away the shade and giving the sun and
wind chance to dry out the roadbed,
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15
THE HIGH COST OF LABOR.


For year the newspapers have
been filled with cheerful items to the
effect that workmen in certain trades
were getting advances in wages. This
means added comfort to many homes
but there is a reverse side of the pic
ture. The wages in certain lines, not
ably the building and plumbing trades,
have reached a point where they con-
stitute a heavy tax on the rest of the
community.
In many cities plumbers are getting
So and more a day. Many families
that had hoped to improve their
plumbing are getting along with old
and unsanitary conveniences because
they can't pay the bills.
The employing plumbers are not
getting any richer than they were, be-
cause the high prices tend to restrain
trade You can't blame the employee
for getting all he can, but if prices go
beyond the normal level, he won't get
much more out of it in the end. There
will be a rush of unskilled labor into
these trades, and the high priced
workman will eventually get squeezed
between public abstention from buy
ing, and the competition of an over
supply OF workmen.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

The Sihlwald forest owned and
guarded by the city of Zurich, demon.
strates the possibilities of scientific
forestry carried on consistently for
hundreds of years. The first scienti
tic working plan of any Swiss forest
was made here in 1900, and today it
is a national monument to those who
conceived the idea. 1t nets the city
of Zurich an annual return of eight
dollars an acre.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

or store at home, and when congress
met left his business with partner or
assistant and went to Washington for
few weeks or months. Now all this
is changed. The congressman legis-
lates from December till June and
circulates from June to November
The latter month coming after cleo
ton and before the session is his one
brief vacation, his month off, Thanks
giving. The conditions of congress
sional life today will not permit an
active member of either house to sue
cessfully run any other job.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15
Tennessee Boosters workino.

Inspired by the campaign waged by
the boosters of good roads in its city,
the Chattanooga Times says: Get to-
gether everybody for a great monu-
mental highway and boulevard be-
tween Hartman and Chattanooga. TAX
ing in lockwood, Evansville. Dayton.
Soddy-in fact. all the promising towns
between the two cities A wide built
thoroughfare of that kind would be
the greatest prosperity builder we
could have"
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15
Maintaining Gravel Roads.

In order to maintain gravel road in
good condition it is we'll to keep piles
Of gravel alongside at frequent inter-
walls, so that the persons who repair
the road can get the material without
going too far for it. AS soon as ruts
or holes appear on the surface some Of
this good, fresh material should be
added and stamped into position or
kept raked smooth until properly con-
Holi1ote1
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

The living expenses % kings as
well as people in the ordinary walks
of life have been increasing, The
German emperor has asked for an in
crease of his income from the Prus.
sian diet which last year was only
three million, eight hundred thousand.
The emperor has also offered one Of
his fifty or more residences for sale.
Evidently the strenuous kaiser is find
ing retrenchment Imperative.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15
Indicted For Bad Highways.

Acting at the direction of the Schuyl-
kill court, Pennsylvania, which has be.
gun campaign against all officials who
are negligent in connection with road
making, the grand jury has indicted the
members of the st, Clair council for
failing to report bad roads conditions
near the St Clair mining operations
The Mount Carbon borough council
was also ordered indicted by the court.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

We have long read and heard of
the tireless plains of the Panhandle
country, but they are no more. Like
the tireless plains of the transmits
souri, country, they have disappeared
with the coming of the settlers. Lit
orally, millions of trees have been
planted in that section and what was
once a bare bleak outlook mas be-
come a pastoral scene.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

France has flying photographer"
Maurice Branger, who gained distinc-
ton by following every aviation meet,
with his camera specially designed to
overcome the vibrations of a machine
in flight, and take pictures from his
aeroplane of the others in motion and
bringing out artistic hooks and cor
ners from a position above them, He
has obtained many marvellous results.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

Conspicuous among the bills that
have been left over from the last ses.
sion of congress are the bill for the
creation of a central bank and the
mail subvention bill. These, however,
are not so important to the people as
the railroad bill, the conservation bill,
the statehood bill and the postal saw
ings bank bill which President Taft
has worked for so theoretically.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

China has officially decreed that
English shall be the language used in
scientific and technical education. u
will be matter of some interest to
observe whether this decree VIII add
20 the popularity OF scientific aud
technical schools among the Chinese
or not
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

The chemists of the governmental
testing institute in Germany have
discovered a solution which if applied
to wood pulp will render it imper-
vious to the action of time and at
mosphere. Up to the present time no
way has been found of applying the
solution to bound volumes, but this
will soon be worked out by some in
genious mind.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

The girls of western college have
decided that their ideal man must be
tall. have brown eyes and curly hair
and an income of $4,000 a year. But
let the short man with blue eyes and
sandy hair with an income of $4,000
beware how he offers himself to one
OF those girls if he doesn't want to be
accepted.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

of those who cultivate them. There
are many advantages which the New
England farmer has over those of the
west, one of the most important of
these being the nearness to a good
market. The west is the section for
the large farm, but the east is splen.
ddly adapted for the small specialized
farm.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15
Abuttinq Property to HELD Roads.

An ordinance for resurfacing OF
streets and alleys Of Covington, KY,
one-half the cost to be borne by abut-
ting property owners and the other
half at the cost of the city at large,
has been passed by the council. Here
tofore the city has borne the entire
cost of resurfacing work.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

The man who makes lodging mi.
crobes the chief end and aim of life
is a very disagreeable person to have
around.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

when l advise that certain
thing be done, those who hear the ad.
vice are Immediately seized with a
raging desire to do exactly the oppo-
site, This morning I told an employe
l wanted a certain thing done, and
told him why, with great care and de-
tail. Within five minutes | caught
him doing exactly what had told him
l didn't want done. 1t has always
been that way with all the people
come in contact th."-Drake Wat
son.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

New England farms which were
many of them abandoned in the rush
for western lands are once more aris-
ing in value and in the appreciation
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

Every day in this city few more
people join the lists of those who buy
advertised things-who patronize ad.
vertised stores!
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

The word advice" should be cut
out of the language. 1t has caused
more bitterness between friends and
acquaintance than any other thou
sand words in the dictionary. Do
you keep a supply of advice on tap,
ready for instant use? Most people
accept advice as abuse.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

Most of today's real estate deals are
the result of recent classified ads.
Most OF tomorrow's will be, too!
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15
ESSENTIALS FOR
GOOO DIRT ROADS
MUCH DEPENDS ON GRADING AND
DRAINAGE.
WATER is A CHIEF ENEMY
Any Slight Damage Should Be Re.
paired Immediately to Prevent Mud
holes From Growine-After High.
way is Completed, Strict Attention.

When one stops To consider the mum.
Der of miles ut road in amy state Of
the Onion aud compare this aggregate
with the very small mileage of i'm
proved road one can see readily that
1t will h" II great many years and per
haps generations before ALL or even
half, of the roads are surfaced with
some hard material.
For this reason one should give care
full consideration and thought to the
construction and maintenance of dirt
roads, which will continue to represent
the greatest mileage for years to come.
The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19??, 1910-07-15

Colonel Roosevelt is such a lucky
dog that the fact that he was married
a second time has been forgotten. In
ordinary life, the man who marries
second time is picked at constantly,
and the women are always demanding
wife.