davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1910-11-30
Continued on Page 3. Column 3
STOLE MILLION AND A HALF.
EmbeEzIer az Louisville Gets Long
Term in Penitentiary.

Louisville. Nov 2s.-August Ropke.
charged with embezzlement of 81. .490. coo
from the Fidelity Trust Company. of this
city. when presented in court this morn
ing withdrew his former plea of Not
guilty and entered a plea of guilty. He
was given an intermediate term in the
penitentiary which ranges from ten to
eighteen years. Good behavior viii get
him out in about eight years.
Ropke's speeulations in Wall street. New
York, Chicago, and other cities with the
Fidelity's money was Of the widest and
most spectacular character.
After his arrest he turned over nearly
100000 worth of property toward liqui-
dating his debt TO the Fidelity.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1910-11-30
KAISER WANTS TEMPERANCE.

Berlin, Nov 2s.-The Kaiser following
up his recent lectures 10 students and
cadets on the evils OF alcohol. has issued
an order 20 the officers of the navy to
further his efforts in setting an example
of temperance They should do their Ut
most. he says, 10 show the men the injury
Of intemperance. II Is understood he will
shortly issue a similar order to the Off
cffiers OF the army.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1910-11-30
GIFT FROM MRS. SAGE.
Gives Yassar College S15O,OOO for a
New DOrmifOFy.

Poughkeepsie. n Y, Nov "a gift of
Sl5O0o0 has been made by Mrs. Russell
Sage TO vassar College for the construc-
ton of a new 6ormitory, to be called
'"The Olivia Jasselyn Hall" in memory
OF Mrs. Sage's grandmother.
Olivia Jasselyn. after whom the new
hall is to be named was the mother of
Mrs. Sage's father; she was the daughter
of olivia Standish, a direct descendant
of Miles Standish.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1910-11-30
WEATHER FORECAST.

For the District of Columbia,
Maryland, and Virginia
ally fair and somewhat colder to-
day; tomorrow, fair; brisk north
westerly winds.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1910-11-30

The Young Sale opened at the Sloan
Galleries. 1907 G street, yesterday with
a large and fashionable audience that
showed great appreciation OF the rare
and beautiful articles offered at auction
The sale continues to-day tomorrow
and Friday. at II and g. Many OF the
pieces included in the catalogue are
suitable for holiday gifts.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1910-11-30
HARMON WON BY 1OO,377.
Plurality Double that Ever Received
by Democratic covernOr.

Columbus, Ohio, Now 29.-Gov Har-
mons official plurality over Warren c.
Harding is 1O0.57 This doubles the plu-
rality of any Democratic governor, and is
1900 beyond Myron 4. Herrick's, Repub-
lican. plurality in 1903
The Socialist vote more than doubled
Clifford got 60.6s7 compared with 2S.57s
for Bandlow in 1908. This is accounted
for by disanection OF the labor vote due
to the Columbus street car strike.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1910-11-30
Caveat Against crippen,, WIN.

London, Nov. "a caveat has been
filed against Or. Crippen's viii on behalf
of half sister OF his wife, Belle Elmore
living in Rhode Island The solicitors who
are acting for her say the action does
not necessarily involve litigation.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1910-11-30
BATTLE IMMINENT
NEAR CHIHUAHUA
Eight Hundred Troops Sent
Against Force of Rebels.
HEAVY LOSS REPORTED
One Hundred and Fifty Missing
After Sundays Clash.

Insurrectionists I'm State of Chihua-
hua Strong, and Train Service Is
Abandoned-RepOrt that Govern
ment Has Kidnapped Francisco
MaderO and Thrown Him Into
Prison In Mexico City.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1910-11-30
BLUEGRASS STATE
GaEfs0VERNORS
Harmon and Wilson Prove
Centers of Attraction.
NOTABLES STOP TO CHAT
Mansion Is Scene of
Brilliant Affair.

Work VIII Begin To-day at Louis.
willie, When Question of Conserva-
tion, Election OF Sepetors By Pop
urar Vote. and OF 4auestions of
National Interest BE Taken
Up-Teiegram from President.
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1910-11-30

Grand Concert To-day; Columbia
Iheater. November So at 4.30
The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1910-11-30
Sees No Extra Session.

Il certainly do not" was the en-
phatie reply. Mr.. Champ Clark tells
the whole story about this when he says
that nobody expects or wants such ses-
sion. except the clearinghouse keepers.
the hotel managers. the traGesmen, and
the newspapers OF the District"
DO you look for a combination OF the
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1910-10-07
THESE SHOPS
SIGNED UP
In Los Angeles, the Strong
hold of the Citizens AL
lance, the Machinists
Make Headway.

The metal shops of San Francisco
and Oakland, employing about 2,2O0
machinists, and many other shops in
the smaller cities of California, are
working an eight hour day. Even in
Los Angeles, where the iron workers,
who went out for eight hours, are most
ly all nonunion, good progress has been
made. Following is list of fair shops
in the city of Los Angeles:
McCamn Mechanical Works, Pacific
Brass & Hardware Co., Titus Iron
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1910-10-07


Works, Pittsburg Foundry Co., Lilly
Bros, San Pedro Foundry & Machine
Co. City Iron Works, Long Beach.
Fair Machine Shops.
McCann Mechanical Works, Die. Hib
bard, Vulcan Iron Works, City Iron
Works Long Beach; Girard Machine
Works, Hamils Oil Burner Co., J. j.
Thompson, Spring Tire Co., Heffner
Auto Co.
Fair Pattern Shops.
Owl Pattern Shop. Los Angeles Pat
tern Works, Star Pattern Shop.
The following is list of the shops
that are working an eight-hour day:
Seattle, Wash.
Rainier Brewery. Diamond Machine
Works, W. & l.. +. Gurley, o. f. Gif-
ford. National Iron Works, Kilbourn &
Clark, Pacific Printers Supply, lnde
pendent Machine Works. J. A. Legoe,
Hunter Manufacturing Co., Seattle.
Talbot Generator Co.. H. b. Griffith,
West Seattle Machine Works, Grover
Manufacturing Co., Fulton Machine
Works, Wright & Smith, Peterson Man
ufacturing Co., Shilshole Machine
Works, Elliot Bay Yacht & Engine Co.,
Reynold Electric Co., Novelty Iron
Works, Berrill, Turbo Rotation Engine
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1910-10-07
THE LABOR JOURNAL

Is the official organ of the Trades
Council, and is read by the labor
ing men and women of Everett.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1910-10-07

Co., Markey & Wilson, Young's Auto
matte Electric Machine Co., Halls
Ship Yard, Marine Repair & Machinery
Co. Fremont Iron Works.
Portland, Oregon.
Willamette Gas Engine Co., Portland
Elevator Co., Coneoff Machine Co.,
Armstrong Tool Co., Hawthorn Garage
Co., East Portland Garage Co.
Spokane, Wash.
Washington Machine & Supply Co.,
American Brass Works, and one other
name unknown.
Everett, Wash.
Puget Sound Iron Works.
Vancouver, B. c.
Easthope Bros, Armstrong & Fulton
Bremerton, Wash.
U, S. Navy Yards.
Tacoma, Wash.
Thomas & Hammond. Nickerson &
MaeFarlan, Union Iron Works, Auto
Marine Machine Works, Washington
Machine Depot, oldsmobih Garage
East Tacoma Machine Shop and Schnee-
berg Brass Works.
Victoria, B. c.
Armstrong Bros. Machine Works.
Olympia, Wash.
All shops.
Snohomish, Wash.
Snohomish Iron Works
Astoria, Oregon.
Scow Bay Iron Works.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1910-10-07

labor-good wages, reasonable hours
and fair conditions.
With these speeifications-and par
ticularly since when the city bids it
figures on doing good work with good
labor conditions and without profit
what contractor wants to bid against
that kind of competitors
So the contractor is not abolished
he quits
And thus socialism scores another
point.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1910-10-07

Ii you want to carry gun and a
club and strut around with a little
pompous authority, just apply to the
fire ami police commission. The rest
is easy-THAT is, if you are not a
striker.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1910-10-07

The Non Partisan candidates for the
Supreme Court are Charles Il. Shepard.
Warren w. Tolman, William Fl. Moore.
William A. Grimshaw and Preston Nj.
Troy, Vote for all five.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1910-10-07

Brotherhood Gloves, Keystone Over
alls. Union label Suits, Elgin Shirts, all
at the Boston"
Elgin Shirts at the Boston.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1910-10-07

Maulsby & Sons. New Undertakers,
corner Wall and Wetmore. Private
ambulance service Phone 500.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1910-10-07

"Dr. Jacob Smith, Specialist, Bloej
and Skin, Toggery Bldg, 1505h
Hewitt"
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1910-06-25
Baseball Game
on Tomorrow

Everyone should keep in mind the
baseball game to be played at the
Valley Park diamond on tomorrow
afternoon between the mines OF this
city and Virginia City. The grounds
have been put i'll perfect condition
and all is in readiness for the game.
Those who attend will certainly en-
joy the game from the new bleachers
recently erected The visiting team
is one OF the best in Western Nevada
and have made 4 good showing wher
ever they have played. The Car
son team is winning every game
played OF late and are in perfect
condition. 1t is j saiebet that the
game to be played in this city on
Sunday will be one of the best yet
seen here S.!
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1910-06-25
PROPOSAL FOR SUPPLIES

Sealed proposals viii be received
up To II o'clock, noon, oi july l.,
l9lU, by the Board of Directors oi
the Orphans Home ior furnishing
supplies oi groceries, provisions and
all kinds III yneats ior the SAID Or
phans Home. ior period oi SIN
months from and including July !,
1910. Also for iorty (lO) cords oi
best split pine or tamarack wood
UrSt growth. on second growthD, All
To- be delivered 10 the State Orphans
lone, Carson City, Nevada, accord
ing to the rcquisition furnished by
the superintendent Of said home now
on file in the office oi the secretary
Of the Board oi Directors oil said
home.
All articles are to be first class oi
their kind and To be delivered III such
quantities and at such time aS the
superintendent may direct.
All articles not satisfactory to be
returned at contractors expense
The bids To be directed to the sccrc-
tary Of the Board, Carson City, Ne
vada.
The board reserves the right to
reject any and all bids.
ORVIS RING.
Secretary OF the Board oi Direc-
tors, State Orphans Home.
Carson City, Nevada, June ls, 1910
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1910-06-25
Newspapermen
to Meet at Reno

ii. A. McCraney, OF the Nevada
editorial Association, an organization
counting in its membership many OF
the newspaper men of the state, Is
in Reno planning for a meeting of
the association on July I'd, when il
is proposed TO take some steps to
wards the entertainment OF the
members OF the fraternity form all
parts OF the country who are here
ior the big fight
Mr.. McCraney says it is a fine op-
portunity to spread the good news
to the visitors that Nevada is not SO
dry a state as has been represented.
that the habitations OF the deni1ens
for the most part are houses and
that the practice OF blowing out the
gas and shooting out the light oh
tains no more within the houses.
II is estimated that there are at
least 300 newspaper men in Keno
to write about the fight.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1910-06-25
Surprise Party
is rendered

y surprise party was tendreed last
evening in honor OF Perry Askam
OF San lose at the home of Mrs. O.
W. Tenant
Mr., Tennant was assisted in re
cciving by the Misses SMALL and
Dawes The pleasures OF the even
ing consisted OF singing and dane
ing. dainty refreshments being serv
ed upon the lawn
Among those present were: The
Misses Gwynn Davis, Frances Ad
ans, Mary Hill. Frances Tucker,
Florence Burlingamc, Jeane Hague,
Laura Wylie, Gladys Hofer, Gladys
Day, Bernice Mighels, Flora Goode,
Eula Pickett, Nellie Brougher, Adele
Norcross, Hazel Roberts, and the
Messrs. Perry Askam. Clarence Sad
Ter, Clarence Dawes, Clarence Ros-
enbrock, Lance Deadly, Harold Ros-
enbric, Babe Whitaker, Raymond
Tucker, Joe Kane, Joe Patton, Joe
Raycraft, Edward kewley, Clyde
II eidinger and Frank Day
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1910-06-25
FIGHT FILM S
VALUABLE

RENO, june 25.-Late last nigh;
Tex R;ckard announced the sale oi
his sixth, and Jeffries' third, of IN,
moving pictures of the big fight. fc,
100000, all told.
Rickard will get $33,33333, and
Jeffries will get $66,o6667, making
the full amount. The entire sum has
been posted in local bank by Vii
liam T. Rock, the purchaser.
Johnson is said to have sold his
third interest for $4,000 which would
make the entire value of the pictures,
figuring Gleason's sixth at the same
price as Richards, worth $l83,333 ,33.
The monye for Richard effries
share is TO be paid over as the gong
starts the first rounnd on the 4th Of
July. P. provision is made that if the
hight is held on any one of the five
days thereafter instead Of the origin
al date. the contract shall be bind
ing.
Eevcry press photographer may
carry an ordinary camea into the
arena, but each of the machines will
be examined before it is taken into
the place, SO that no moving picture
machines may be smuggled in. The
public will not be allowed to take
photographs.
Tex stated that a San Francisco
moving picture company offered
So, 600 yesterday afternoon, and that
i few minutes after he accepted
Rocks bid, the coast company rais-
ed their offer to $lO5,OOO.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1910-06-25
WIRELESS FOR
NEVADA
STATIONS WILL BE BUILT IN
THIS STATE AT EARLY
DATE

SEATTLE. june 25.--A chain "i
wireless stations will be erected III
the State OF Nevada by the North
American Wireless Corporation oi
New York. Stations are To be con
structcd throughout the west. mid
die west. northeast and southwest
The towers in Nevada will be part of
system to cover the country.
Very shortly now. Lee Dc Forest,
wirelss expert, inventor OF the wire
less telephone and president oi the
society oi wireless engineers of The
United States. will tour Nevada CIV
ing long distance demonstrations
with the Radio phone, delivering i
series oi lectures on the wireless
Age" and selecting sites ior towers.
When the North American com
pany was recently organized in New
York the corporation was capitalized
ior $lO.UOO,OO0 and such wireless
concerns rs the Radio Phone com
pany, Commercial Radio company,
Central Wireless company, Atlantic
Radio company. Pacific Radio COM
pany, North American Radio com
panny, DcForcst Radio company,
Universal Wireless Corporation,
Great Lakes Radio Telephone com
pany and the Continental Wireless
Construction company were icln3.i
III the merger.
The company then decided /" |
enter the wireless held i'll the west, |
and DR.. DeForcst, i'll the capacity !
uf chief engineer, lett New York for
Seattle by way oi western canada
and British Columbia where he Sc
lvctcd sites Tor towers i'll the lead !
ing cities. AT Seattle recently he |
equipped the most powerful wireless
station III the world This station
will be used III connection with a
trans Pacific service to be iuaugura
ted.
DR., Deforcst is AT present III Cal
iiornia giving demonstrations and
cquipping United States army trans
ports with the sparkless wireless
telegraph. Upon his return ut" Seat
tie he will prepare for hi trip /"
Nevada.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1910-06-25
Call and Get a
Free Cook Book

The Appeal has received so cook
books from Francis G. Newlands
u. S. Senator from Nevada, for
Tree distribution. The book con-
tains 80 pages OF receipts ior the
cooking oi meats and is issued by
the Department OF Agriculture. This
book has been one oi the results OF
the agitation started some months
ago on the high cost oi living and is
issued with the idea of educating the
housewife and the cook in the eco
nomical use Of all kinds OF meats
Gall and get one.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1910-06-25
City Trustees
Hold Session

A special meeting OF the board oi
city trustees was held in the Office
OF the city clerk last evening to con
slider protests made by Messrs.
Smoot, Fleckner, Davey and Lopez,
iruit dealers OF this city against out
side fruit peddlers who come to this
valley every year.
The local people addressed the
board and asked that the present
peddler's license OF $3.50 per day or
$40 per month be raised to IS per
day or SIS per month The trustees
took the matter under advisement
and later ordered that the city at
tornney prepare an ordinance rails
ing the price to the amount desir-
ed.
Mrs. NJ. Follett and son also ap-
pcared before the board and asked
that the street in the rear of their
home in the northwestern addition
be openned The matter was taken
under advisement and postponed un-
til the next regular meeting of the
board.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1910-06-25
Open Air
Dance Tonight

This evening the first dance on the
new plaiorm in the capitol square
will take place Everything is in
read ness. the lights Will be turned
on and the new floor will be broken
in. The committee having this fea,
ture OF the carnival in hand have
placed the new floor in the best pos
sible condition and by the time I
couple OF dances have been held it
will be among the best dancing
floors to be found anywhere.
The receipts Of the dance to be
given tonight will go towards paying
Tor the platform and will be OF aid
to the carnival committee. All are
invited to attend and enjoy them
selves on the platform inn the park.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1910-06-25
AIRSHIP FLIGHTS ARE OF
DAILY OCCURRENCE NOW

Manager Lyons. OF the aviation
meet, has completed the repairs to
the airship, which was slightly put
out Of commission on Thursday ev-
ening. and this morning four suc-
cessiul flights were made. The
ground will be rolled by the steam
roller tomorrow SO that good
starting and landing place. can be
made which insures more safety for
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1910-06-25
NOTICE

IT County Commissioners will be
held on Thursday morning. June 80.
1910. at which time bills abainst the
county for the month OF June will
be allowed All parties having claims
to present against the county ior the
month of June will file them before
June 3Oth with the clerk Of the board
Ry order of
F. O. PATTERSON,
Clerk
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1910-06-25
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

SUNDAY school at 10 4 III. Chris
tiann Endeavor at 6:20 p. III. Church
services at II IN. and 1:3U p III.
When you find yourself beside
your friend, who is bruised and
broken-his breath coming III catch
cs, and you cannot even turn his
eyes toward help; then search swift
" for the thing you have been put
ting first in your own life which has
made you SO poor.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1910-06-25
WILLING TO STEP ASIDE

RENO (Nev), June 25.-United
States Senator George S. Nixon ar
rived yesterday from Washington
and will remain until after the cam
paign.
reelection, but that if the republican
party has man that it prefers to
him he will take off his coat and
work for the republican nominee.
whoever he may be.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1910-06-25
C.. A R N " AL
NOTES

|
meeting last evening annd transact
- more business than at any meet
ing since the carnival started.
The park will be lighted in the
most novel manner at the coming
carnival ever seen in the state.
Thousands of lights Will add to the
beauty OF the finest park in the State
! OF Nevada.
Carson City will give the light
fans something to talk about for the
rest OF their natural lives. With
the street lights making an archway
| the other and myriads OF light IN
the park. Little Old Broadway will
remind them Of the days of the ker-
osine lamp as compared with the
| nncandescentS OF today.
Carson City is going to have a
midway second to none in the coun-
try if the present plans carry. A
representative OF the committee
leaves for the coast this evening to
complete the arrangements.
The publicity committee will
issue thousands OF pieces OF adver-
tising matter during the next few
days that will be sent TO all parts
OF the state, advertising Carson Ci-
ty and Carson-s Carnival.
Everyone in the State OF Nevada
is going to attend the tight and a Gel
ebration of the national holiday in
fitting manner appeal, to all, old
or young. When the head OF the
family starts for the fight his wife
and children will stop over at the
celebration in this city.
The Fourth OF July will be i big
day in this city. Thousands OF men.
here to observe the anniversary OF !
the nations birth and join in the ;
pleasures afforded by the carnival. !
Don't forget that the first aviation
meet ever held in the State OF Neva
da will be held in this city during
the carnival.
Write to your friends and invite
them to come to Carson City and at
tend the aviation meet, see the rec
ords of the world broken by Ivy
Baldwin, the worlds greatest aero
naut, and take in the many other
offered by the carnival
and Carson City.
All should bear in mind that Lake
Tahoe can be reached over one OF
the finest mountain roads in the
The distance from Carson
City is but II miles. Autos and
teams can be secured at any time
and at reasonable prices. Tell Your
friends about it.
The carnival program is now on
the press. 1t will advertise the bus
innss man Of this city, will show the
pictures of some OF the prominent
Inan of the state who will be before
the people at the coming primary
and will also present seen
and will also present seen
copies will be distributed free Get
one and send it to your outside
friends and tell them to attend the
carnival in this city.
The Reno papers are boosting for
he Carson City carnival calling at
,ention OF the fact that the people in
that city should attend the big cele-
bration on the Sd and 5th OF July.
By doing SO they can celebrate the
national holiday, and also attend the
zig fight on the 4th.
Special trains will leave Reno al
er the fight to bring the people to
his city to attend the exercises in
he evening, visit the midway and
attend the open air dance on the
inest platform ever erected in the
tate.
Workmen are busily engaged in
strnging wires among the trees in
he capitol park which will present
/ beautiful sight
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1910-06-25
ST. PETERS CHURCH

Services Sunday. June 2otth: Holy
communion 8 a. III. Sunday School,
9:+5 IN. Morning prayer IL III.
Sermon The Thirst Tor God" Ev-
enning prayer 7:3O p III. Sermon:
st. John, the BAPTIST.
The evening service will be at
tennded by the membcrs oi the Ma
sonic fraternity.
To these services everyone \ most
cordially invited.
LLOYD Il. THOMAS. Rector.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1910-06-25
HOME FROM VALLEY

Mrs. NJ. J. Hawkins. who has been
spending the past couple ul months
III Carson Valley, has returned /"
this city FULLY recovered III her re
cent illness
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1910-06-25
AMOUNT NEARLY RAISED

SAN FRANCISCO, june 25.-At
meeting OF the executive commit
tee of the Panama Pacific Exposi-
tion company, it was said that a to-
ral OF $6,l54,755 had been subcribed
towards the 81, 100000 which must
be raised before congress will ex-
tend national aid to the project
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1910-06-25

the, machine Several local people
saw the flights at an early hour this
morning. and Mr.. Baldwin stated
that within the nnext few days he
would do some high flying in this
valley.
Mr.. Lyons departs for San Fran
cisco this evening to be gone 4 cou-
pie OF days but the tests OF the ma
chime will be continued during his
absence.