davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1910-10-25
IN THE HIGH SCHOOL,

The time will never come when the
ability to express oneself clearly and
without trepidation before an audience
will not possess a definite value and
give its possessor an undoubted ad-
vantage, no matter in what field of eff
fort he may be working. 1t may be true
tat oratory Las lost it's ancient powe~
over mankind with the wide disseminl-
ton of education and general current
information, but even that is by no
means an indisputable fact. Whether
mankind in the future is to be swayei
by oratory as in the past or not, does
not diminish in the least the desira-
bility of being able to ''think upon
ones feet" to follow an argument
closely, to accept or repudiate its
conclusions intelligently, and to con
vincingly give the reasons for the
faith that is in one Such ability
must ever be recognized and esteem
ed The development of sIch power
IS as truly part of an education As
the mere ability to spell, or to real.
or to write, or TO cipher. 1t is, Or
should be, TIE fruit of any ,weil-ds-
vised system of mental training.
Because of this the attention that is
now being given to debating in the
Americas High School is worthy OF
the highest commentator. Many
business mt n who has gone through
the public schools in the past has lad
frequent occasion to regret that more
attention had not been given in his
school days to the art of public
preston, that lie had not been requir-
ed and encouraged to study and anal
we questions Of moment with the
view of forming definite opinions and
giving expression to them, in his own
words, in joint debate. 1t is not IN
frequent that one meets a man, wei
versed in his own business, thorough
ly capable from the standpoint of ex-
perience of imparting valuable inf1r-
nation in large gatherings, and yet re-
naming silent because of the intense
embarrassment that is felt while en-
deavoring to speak in public All this
timidity, this surrender to the nerves
this failure to collect ones thoughts on
the instant, arises from the very lack
CT the training that debating societies
afford.
The boys of the Americas High
School are certainly to be congrata-
lated that an opportunity is afforded
them of whicG many of their elders
were deprived. If they are wise they
will utilize this advantage to the ut
most. Speaking advisedly, no bene-
fit they will derive from their high
school course will surpass that which
will come to them from an earnest,
thoughtful participation in these de-
bates. Many things they will be
taught will pass away from their men,
cries, leave no lasting impression,
play no part in their after lives, but
the ready command of thought the
fluency of language, the self-posses-
sion that is acquired through debas-
ing in the school room, and before a
larger public when occasion permits,
will never leave them. 1t will be one
great Heritage of the four years
course, of which in after years they
may not only be the most proud, but
rom which they may derive the
personal satisfaction and be l.
fit.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1910-10-25

of them being highly favorable to the
commission form Of government. T Y
following are fair samples of the let
tiers that I have received and speak
for themselves"
Letter Mr.. Bell Wrote.
The following was the form of let
ter sent out by Mr.. Bell:
The Houston Chronicle, Houston, Tex
Dear Sirs-In tie Manufacturers
Record Of date Sept %. 1 read a very
interesting article on the growth Of
your city and as have been in
formed that its most substantial de-
velopment has taken place under the
commission form of government in
augurated about five years ago / would
inquire whether in your opinion its
adoption ias been beneficial to the city
and whether the money collected for
taxes has been and is being more jul
diciously spent under this form OF
/ government than under the old form
/ mayor and aldermen.
In common with a large number d
Savannalnnians I have for some timt
been interested in the commission
form of government and think the
time opportune for submitting TIE pro
posed change to the citizens of Savan.
nah, and your views as tax payer
who, in tie vernacular of the age, hac
paid the freight under both the oil,
] and new forms. viii be of interest AM
value to US.
Thanking you in advance for al
early reply and trusting that I ma.
be in a position to reciprocate you
kindness at some future time and con
graduating you on the progressive
ness of your citizens, very truly yours
Edward w. Bell
TIE following was the reply, whici
together with the second, are typica
!, of the many answers being received
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1910-10-25
AMERICUS TIMEs-RECoRDER

Omcial organ of the City of Americas.
Official Organ of Sumter County.
Official organ of Webster County.
Official organ of Railroad Commission
Of Georgia for Third Congressional
District.
Official organ Z. S. Court, Southern
District of Georgia.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1910-10-25
Has Doubled Population.
Houston, Tex. Oct. IA. ]

Houston, Tex, Oct. Il, 1910.
Mr.. Edward W. Bel, Georgia Stare
Savings Association, Savannah, Ga.
Dear Sir-We take pleasure in -
plying to your letter of Oct IL and in
giving you briefly what commission
government has achieved for Houston.
TIE new plan has been in operation
now about five years. During that
time the city has almost doubled its
population, and in taxable valu IS
When the commission took hold the
taxable values were in round numbers
about $35,0OO 900. They are now con-
siderably in excess of $50, GOO, 600. RE
tax rate has been lowered from 81 to
$1.75. A floating Indebtedness amount
ing to about $500 coo was wiped olt
during the first year of the commits
sion plan. Since that time streets
have been graded, sewer systems e.,-
tended and many school houses built
cut of current revenues.
Prior to the adoption of the commits
sion public Improvements had never
been secured in Houston without the
issue of bonds. At the present time
the city is building out of it's own re1-
enue an auditorium involving AMI ex-
penditure of more than 100000. In
other days tie city was a constant
borrower in order to take care of cur
rent bills. Under the commission plan
the city is at al times able to meet
its obligations and has actually be-
come an investor in bonds of other lc-
calities to a certain extent Houston
is growing very rapidly and vast sums
Of money are constantly necessary for
extending the various modern facil-
tiles of city life. It has been neces-
sary for the city to increase TIE pay
of its firemen, policemen and public
school teachers several times within
the past five years.
The thing above al others which we
think especially conrmends the corn
mission plan is the fact that it stimu-
lates the broader spirit of citizenship
by the abolition of wardliness, there
by' doing away with petty ward jeal-
oIsies, and making the citizenship
stand together Our Mayor and -four
commissioners are elected at large
Yours truly,
GSigned) The Houston Chronicle
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1910-10-25
How Firm Views Change.
Houston, Tex, Oct. IA, Is

Houston, Tex, Oct. IA, 1910.
Mr. Edward w Bell, Savannah, Ga.
Dear Sir-Replying to your favor of
tie 18th inst, which is just to hand
we beg to say that from our observa-
ton and personal experience the COM
mission form of government inaugu-
rated by the citizens of tLis city some
years ago is a success in every seGse
of the word.
Our city has prospered more in the
past five years than it did three or
four times that length of time pre-
viously, and in our opinion the COM
mission form is the only system for a
city to work under.
Our taxes are collected up very
closely every year, and the expendi-
ture of same being done in judicious
and businesslike way.
AS stated before we are of the opia.
ion that every city in the United States
would benefit by the adoption of this
principle, and we congratulate you in
advance in anticipation of Savannah 5
following tie lead of a good many of
our Texas cities.
Wishing you mach success in your
endeavors in this connection and hop
ing that if we can serve you with fur
Their information you will let us hear
from you, we are yours very truly,
(Signed) Carson Sewall & co.
w. S.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1910-06-02
NAN throws WIFE
OUT OF HIS BUGGY
Husband Then AidaaPs Soy
and Doiges Across sbafs
Boundary, but Gets Cangai

Sioux FaBs & Il. May l+-EGLisy
Springs, g 1urfriGsg EltsE LgVl il Eas
eastern I,arr Ef MtElahEna county hns
TINS week beam 2 soaz,s ~ z s+--ias ~
exciting eTa1ts which GAsT sTsn aA-
Iey's camel n TIE shade Ter ana
feathers were talked 81 for l. L-uE, ana
there night haVs been +shg aotaEs"
for t1e man in lre Ease i coEigr h+3als
had MOI prevailed.
The trouble STARTED saTa-Al agys ECa,
when < c, Lay. Z young EaAl Win Il
wife. and also with ( hog 8orUI : ysRf
old. called IN ms wife from WnaGn n
ha4 haan as-rargsd Ee geT hac l1o
lis buggy, vita n child n htr
a--as. On Lbe p-Els- u LEEk11e 1Tst
Iaeir domestic difficulties, Then n
sEizsa tn child. l-sw IT, mother 0lz
e The hpgE and nearly rG- EVar 1ls1
and g~a1Ippe5 Las harsss oTEr the stE-e
line INTO Minnesota, whars ne his 8
brother.
The wife. Hlta hs- parents, Nj. and
Mrs. Ees. 81 Valley S11tugs. Informed
tt3e equity -aEIaar5L1ss e SOCK fHaQs.
5.r found t1e Law cCE51 mi Aaap Lne-1
III Thai sag II m g11acaaa1gs- So
IaEy usea ns5r w51s Eod hg L 4rle
careful work s1ac=e5a5 N -aEEGZg
gcfssessiaz q Es aaty and bringing Il
tsack ta1a SgzLa Dakota
The 1azAs- soZ2 Zsr0T&rR3 Lae
absence q IN tA3a and &II9wa5 hs
mother &15 hay Trars1ls Ia Valley
Strings nuT L1Rrz NJ 154 E1-o =
clutches q Las aaw E55 TEs arrested
on 1aa charge u L1,-aa1EG12g bo5[y m
Jury 10 Els WIZ STATES A1te-aEF
DZa,zh n Iss cirys agpea-sz6 upua
-s Bas7e N wasacEz@ aaG IL attorney
1roza LaTf-1z- Mzlz- represented Lae
5lxsan8 Al KS p-si1a-F hearing
before 2 Valley SEf1E Justice
Dz,u1g I@e TIL. wa3lA consumed
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1910-06-02
Static IN nIlsTER
yTHfUE ~ VUVTEU
RECALLS TRAGEDY
INDIAN MASSACRE
Michigan Eonors Memory Of
Mar Who Lost Life IN Little
Big Horn Country.

Sioux Falls 6. j., May Sl-The w
yelling ~ Monroe, Mleh.-lhe home Of
has boybood-on JGIle :. n the presence
Of President Taft AND other disun-
guisbe5 naea of the country, Of = ns-
mortal statue erected by lhe STATE q
Michigan 70 General George a Custer,
Will arouse new interest II The 4t%-
story and tragic fa1s Of thas popula
hero, MIC WAS Ihe Idol Of zlitliens d
Americans. ano al thai 4 aastiIng cav
alrynz8n and Indian fighter souQla BE-
eEera EGs,s. 1gst has oeaIa al =
hands q zns1. E5UGx Indians wa9 YET
are Ass1g in Line two Dazotas. The
Custer massacre Was On I22G a cuu1-
1erpart q the disaster suffered ay Ins
&n2erzGass On tbs Sea wfzec JSs bal
tlsxnsp Maine ASS blown Lp "a La%
hay5or oT EsYara a c1ragas uoile1-
dence 81 the fzce thai b }oss q life
IN zach u Ire Disasters was pTzcl1a-a
the same
The Caster ss-att8eAeaa = szt1stad on
the Little Big Horn rEgss. 5a slfatbe-2
Montana This h3SuQ-ae spaE is TIE
chief attraction for Elxalsezrk who visit
that portion * lie great weSI. Tn=
battlefield SGl always De lpSEea upon
BIra ave a. Ire Tsslrg.s Tacz1 70 re-
membrane that z5sh Day u J2ae. 1s7&.
when the 2rage c~DEnzIaaSeE ard ms
faithful troopers Beaz forth 10 hattie
with ar overwhelming sps@E - 5apo1-
thirsty Sioux warriors QaAg 10 DE- Lae
victims a q massacre wn1cg rzy 70
equal I1 The annals q IFs5zan 1SrT2re
Esno earns Of Death.
After being oaege5 @s tine o551G
Until the morning 81 The gth- Es1@E
and Bentesrs'S 5attal5oas mer@ relieved
by the arrival nj General Terry waeD
Tney learned o. ra@ disaster which lsa
be1asle1 tha gallant C1Et%r 2ae ms
command. On the 1ta sbe dead %sEs
buried All Iae bodies except q tea rad
been stripped Of tGsEF cEGtEf5g- S=ar2F
all wsre s~calpe5 or INITIATED IL s0ras
manner. b4: tEs-e s@g 0gZe notable s1-
eegEapg. tSEaE q General Cszs-er- E5nss
Eace zsG %xpEeEk1Sn Nfers natural n
Rad s&en Sk0E 6u The t&Easse @D1 12 15a
1efs d The kaIAss1 q lie ecEsre OK
Easd &sS rs. ghEe Ebs wounded cU-2-
Dera5 ~ Ia Ens=s9rg g I5s gallant
6sa3 the g1S@sMEE@Et so-as T@zEE aga
efeeEsS z large s-8G1gnseaf % top 81 Las
b&G ns4r where E5s BODIES II General
C3Ste= ana sGa-E of E3s af@EerS aac
Gsea wese 1Dg8a or EcleE Is engraved
1he sss1aes 81 the GaaG herEes- ORA eaca
spot where q body aas fauzis & marble
headstoae aas been efecTea. Z cross
marking 1As place where Clusters podE
I Mas found
The extension 3 Few YEARS ago ot q
railroad through The r4GkIlit9 OF the
! Custer battlefield renders II eesy IF &C
cess. AND eear by year Lhe number "
tourists who visit she spot 500 Ge6 VIII
the bipaa g heroes is increasing
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1910-06-02
HUSBAND FOUND GUILTY
OF SHOOTING His WIFE

a5sw1c@ = IL AAay G--J0hG g.
gosnasoa. L5e ts-rnar living near 1ps-
wieh, wins Aas oeea M trial for shoot
Eg ms wife, MAS yaEtsrday found
EuLlfT On Ihs charge Of Sssanlt with an
artsr-19 10 xii, and w1n bs brought up
fas sentences next Wednesday before
Iusga 89urrsn II this place,
Tina crime YVES z peculiarly atr4e3ols
ons. as Johnson entered the room
wElere ms WIFE Was string at some
work and o5saned fire On bsr without
q wor5 Of warning Three shols
struck hsr. one lodging laxt the
Spinal coIf. For some riuas . was
thought she could moi Mve, hut sever
81 weeks after shooting, which oe-
curred In February, Mrs Johnson
WAS taken 70 g Minneapolis hospital,
she remained Until last week.
She WIS brought on fr lime for the
trial, ana il is said that the injuries
sine suffered are SO serious that che
viii never be atae 10 walk again
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1910-06-02
CEkTERViLLE GIVES FULL
CLASS DAY PROGRAM

C~ea1sr7zIle. s D. May 20-The grad
mating exercises Of the Centerville high
school xii be held Friday, June 5. at
u opera house, when the following
named members of the class viii be
presented diplomas: Edna Steadrnan,
Edith Weeks. Deiia Bystron, Bryant
Waterbury. James Larsen, Arthur
CHASING.
This years class is the first in the
history Of the school 20 give z full class
day program Each member appears
On the program. as follows: Class ora-
uoa, Arthur CHASING; class history.
Bryant Waterbury; class prophecy,
Edith Weeks; class VIII, James Larsen;
Ratchet presentation, Edna Steadman:
Class poem. Della Bystrom.
On Sunday evening, May %, Rev. 0.
J. Terrell OF the Baptist church, viii
deliver ihs baccalaureate sermon. The
alumni banquet on Saturday evening,
june < wiz conclude the commence
-leul program.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1910-06-02
HURON PROFESSOR WILL
WE'D IOWA WOMAN

Huron. S. D.. May 3v.-Announce-
ment is made of the approaching mar
ciage of Professor Frank Hewitt Cow
les, of Huron college, and Miss Mayme
Eby. of Des Moines. Ia. The cere-
mony will take place at the home of
Geo. P. Hundlfng and wife, in this city,
on June II. Mrs. Hundling is a sister
of Miss Eby. Professor Cowles is a
graduate OF West high school, Des
Moines, also of the University of
Wooster. Ohio, and a member of the
Alpha Tau Omega fraternity. For the
past two years he has held the chair
of Latin in Huron college, ana is q
recognized leader in educational cir
cles in this part of the northwest. Miss
Eby is the daughter of Geo. NJ. Eby
and wife. of Des Moines, and is well
known in social and musical circles in
that city. For the past two years she
has been supervisor OF music in the
schools at Usage, Ia. Following an
eastern our Professor and Mrs. Cow
les will take up their residence in
Huron.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1910-06-02
AUGDsTASG COLLEGE REACHES
THE HALF CENTURY MARK

Canton. s. ID. Mag 1.-THE 5etn an
-tN4eraarg Of Augnstana college VIII be
celebrated on Tuesday Mag 81. The
United ct3urGh snd its several schools
VIII, through their representatives, take
pssyt IL making This anniversary long tc
be remembered In the annals of the
school.
Dedication services WITH be celebrated
in the new Lutheran church Sunday
forenoon. DIR. r II. Dahl will officiate
IL The evening Rex- David Stove, 1900
viii deliver b b~accalaureate sermon
In connection with the dedication ex-
ercises the local church viii conduct g
religious conference on Monday, and
in the evening Professrr Christensen
of ST. Olaf college, viii give an organ
recital, assisted by able vocal talent.
The entire day and evening OF Tues
day viii be given to the anniversary
festivities. President Dahl will speak
IN Norwegian and Rev. j.. c. Roselan5
in English in the forenoon. The after
noon and evening programs will con
tain short addresses, "reminiscences an6
congratulatory speeches by representa-
tive men. Wednesday is graduation
day. Class day exercises will occupy
.he forenoon and the commencement
exercises will take place in the evening
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1910-06-02
COMMISSION HOLDS
LAST SESSION At
OLD HEADQUARTERS
Goes to Pierre-Mitchen With
draws Petition for Connect
ing Tracks.

Sioux Falls. s. D.. May o.-The state
board OF railroad commissioners mas
Just concluded holding what was the
last meeting TO be held by the board in
Sioux Falls, as preparations ave been
made to move the headquarters OF the
board to the new state capitol building
al Pierre, where headquarters VIII De
opened about June !.
During the meeting al order was IS
sued for the holding of a hearing al
Wetonka on Jun IS, to take testimony
in accordance with a petition hied by
residents of that place and vicinity
asking that a station agent be installed
by the Minneapolis & st. Louis Kali
wa There is a possibility
that the desired agent may be installed
before the date fixed for the hearing.
During the past few months near
ings have been held by the board at the
following places on the matters stated:
Crandall, Grover and Onaka, for new
depots: Amherst, for stock yards and
stock scales; Bradley, for ali overhead
crossing over the tracks of the Min
neapolis e st. Louis railway. The
railroad commissioners, as the result Of
the hearings, ordered the railway COM
| panies concerned to make the improve
ments demanded and gave them a spe-
CITED time in which to comply with he
orders.
This time now has expired without
the orders being complied with, and
P. w. Dougherty, counsel of the board
/ and assistant attorney general. has
been instructed by the board to COM
mence the proceedings necessary to Sc
cure a compliance with the orders.
However, the railway companies inter-
ested state they have made the Eeces-
sary appropriations but are experience
ing difficulty in securing the necessary
material, and are doing their best to
comply with the orders at an early
date.
Matters in connection with the tele-
phone systems at Lennon, Canton and
Humboldt, called to the attention of the
board, have been referred TO State Tel
ephone Inspector Egge, of Centerville.
| The board was Informed that all
those who had signed a petition asking
for the construction of a track connect
ing the tracks of the Omaha and Mil
waukee railroad companies at Mitchell
had withdrawn their names, SO the
board had no other our than to dis
miss the case.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1910-06-02
ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE TfiAT
OMAHA is WILD AND WOOIJy

Omaha, Neb., May GA wolf hunt
in the heart of Kountze Place, one OF
the fashionable residence districts of
Omaha, was an experience that non
olized the attention of a dozen police
men and 100 or more rnefa and boys. A
large wolf was seen trotting down n
of the streets and a riot call was turned
in at the police station. Three auto
mobiles loaded with police hurried to
the scene, and in the meantime several
men had seen the thoroughly frightened
wolf. Soon the streets were filled with
men, all armed. and back and forth the
wolf few, lodging in and ont and
through streets and alleys Finally.
after a chase lasting more than an.
hour. and after more than 1000 shots
had been fired. the wolf was wounded
to such an extent that a policeman got
within range and killed the animal.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1910-06-02
HERDS NEST OF RIVER
AFFECTED sY Sc12Bl

Pierre $ IL. Mas 11.-13le state end
government veterinarian forces are
working together in the Missouri valley
70 effforee the Dipping laws IN eases of
seabnies Several herds ace reported
- be more & less affected In Hughes,
Sulfy and Potter counties, and these are
being looked after TO see that there is
no further spread OF ehe disease. The
whole of the state was q-uaransined
several years ago. on account of the
pF~eyaiei9cs OF scabbies, and q rigid cam
patgri, with dipping Of stock. practically
cleaned it up. But the quarantine re-
moved, some owners became careless,
and there are cases which need atten-
ton again.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1910-06-02
'.YoNs GIRL WINS
PRIZE SCHOLARSHIP

Lyons. Neb., May s1.-Goidie Morter,
Q country girl attending the Lyons high
school. was successful in carrying off
the 500 prize scholarship which is
offered by the associated colleges of the
state. She was the ~yaledictorian and
was considered the best among IL of
the 1910 class. This will enable her to
attend her choice OF several colleges in
the state. Her parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
II. E. Morter, are now living near Aims
worth. Neb, having removed from this
place quite recently
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1910-06-02
wAkoNpA FIRM CHANGES.

Wakonda. S. D., May 30.-The firm
of CLANCY & jacobson have disposed
OF their large mercantile business to
E. n. Smith, of Cushing, Ia. the new
proprietor assuming charge this week.
The partnership between Messrs.
CLANCY and Jacobson has been in eff
feet but 10 years, but Mr.. Jacobson.
who has been in active charge Of the
store, has been in business in Wakon-
da for "a years. Mr.. Smith has lac
some 30 years experience in the mer-
camille business.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1910-06-02
COMMENCEMENT AT THE
ERlDGEWATER HIGH SCHOOL

Bridgewater, S. D, May 30.-The
commencement exercises of the
Bri6gswater high school, held at the
opera house Wednesday evening were
largely attended. Albert OFT winning
the cash prize Of SO offered for the
best Grafton. The other members of
the class are as follows: Clara Weber,
Eleanor Rederick. Rosa Mayer, Mamie
Morrison, Pierre OFT, Ruth Owen. All
parts were well taken.
The class address. delivered by Dean
Perisho, of the state university, was
especially good.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1910-06-02
AGED NEWSPAPER MAN
Is SERIOlISI V IhIIREn

Yankton, S. D., May 3o.-During the
parade of the Yankee Robinson circus
here, with an immense ~concourse of
people OF the streets, George w.
Kingsbury. the veteran newspaper maj
of the Dakotas, and still affiliated with
the Press and Dakotan, was run over
by a rig and was taken to his home
in quite serious condition. The shock,
at his advanced age, together with an
injury to a knee, where a horse step
ped on him, has resulted in great
weakness and he is laid up completely.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1910-06-02
COMMENCEMENT AT HEREsFoRp
FUNERAL OF DROWNED GIRLS.

Huron, S.. D, May 30.-Yesterday aft
moo occurred the funeral of the
Bonesteel sisters, Lydia and Leila, VIC
Tins of a boating disaster on Lake BY
ron, Sunday. The services occurred
from int family residence n were
conducted by Rev. Perse Pinch, of the
Congregational church. The attend
ance was large, and the floral offerings
varied and beautiful. Banks, public
offices and many business houses were
[closed during the services