The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1910-11-27

hitherto kecn tn. principal settlements.
This importance. It acquired because OF
the discovery Of gold IN the province Of
NInas Gnra-s General Nlin-sD. tn which
u was N" only gateway, and the influx
of adventures Tn" home government.
having Inst it, Fast Indian poses sslons.
-queo9nd every Possible drop from Brazil.
: and discomfort with the taxes and opprcs-
-ons became rife The tide OF events
WIS stemmsd for t'u," however. by the
flight TO Rio. with his family and court.
nj tn" King. Dom Joao tJohn), when
Sapnh'on dcsC"nded upon Portugal in
Isns. The advent Of the ROYALTY brought
advantages. but II brought disadvantages
"a wcli. one nj them being that every one
wished To live near the court. and all
tn" Young mon yearned for Government
offices. This yearning still persists and is
one Of tho curses Of ihe country At the
present day. Practical politics also
cam" into popularity at that time. When
Napoleon fell jealous Portugal ordered
its. monarch home. but before King John
departed the Brazilians forced him to
sign decree Tavoring such liberal
constitution as spain had just adopted
The King left his son. Dom Pedro. az
/ Regent When the home Cortes adopted
SraspIng policy and attempted to trans
form the great colony into province
all Brazil rose in protest. the Regent
cried: Independence or DEATH and was
promptly crowned As the constitutional
emperor. Before long. however. he WAS
! ruling by de@potic law. pure and simple
This the Brazilians would not brook, and
II ended in his abdicating in favor Of his
son, aged years. and departing IN the
spring Of 1891 for Europe. where lac died
three wears later
! Naturally there were many disturb
anCes. and in iSio n strong demand went
forth That the young Emperor should
ascend tn" throne although he was only
Is years old and not legally Of age unit,
1913. Accordingly he assembled the
throur as Dom Pedro Il and administered
the country for almost half century.
lie was tho exact an'ithesis of his father,
considerations. -tudious. democratic and
keen - d.t"ct the state of public opinion.
He was much respected and beloved; but
when n. visited the United States and
Europ" in 1873 he left his daughter the
Countess d'Eu a. Regent, and the people
came - fear her possible. accession 60 the
throne. tho general belief heing that she
was ton much under the influence Of thu
priests HI. end of il was that the old
Emperor. now AN invalid. was Obliged 10
abdica'c and leave the country. and a
republic was established.
Tn. republic could not have been long
delayed Brazil was surrounded on all
sides 10y republics and the spirit was in
the air. The strongest reason Of all. in
addition 20 this and the fear Of clerical
domination. was the abolition OF slavery.
which had been urged from the throne by
tho Crown Princess the year before. At
IN" beginning Of the nineteenth century
there w"rr about , 100. 900 negro slaves in
. the country. and the movement for aboli-
ton dates from about the same time
Many con vInced aboliIonsts manumitted
their slaves. was done in our own South
"rn States 10y isolated individuals. More
7 than on. palliativ" measure looking
= toward gradual emancipation was passed
d by the State. hut nothing proved very
suCCessful. In May. 1883. slavery was
finally abolished
The republic WAS esta lshed on Novsm-
her Is. iSsa and the differences betwesn its
Constitution and the Constitution OF tho
United StItes. which served as it's general
model are II special interest at the pres
ont moment The President term Of
bEIA't ~ -FOUR SfstTS. NIIn aria Tue
ice-Prcsident serves in the event Of tho
death or incapacity Of the Chief Executive
But the President is insli gi ble To succeed
himself; and even yice-Presicicnt who
has succeeded TO the Presidency cannot
be a candidate for that Office without a
term Intervening. There arc twenty
States ons Territory and the Federal
district Tho power Of the national Gov
I - 49,, ,,,s k.,I
and the State has greater importance. In
many RESPECTS the States are too powerful
and the national Government il too weak
IN fact. Each state has its President.
Congress. Cabinet and other officials and
tn. qualifications for suffrage are quite
generous though only "A smoll proportion
OF those qualified actually vote Each
Stat. has is own army. and this local
militia IS more loyal ~ the Stat. than to
the nltionll Government Another fact
which has contributed TO making the State
Governments 81 unusual importance 10
, that the unoccupied land is the property
of IN" varI prEs States. not Of the national
Government II will bs seen that tho
remarkabl" power Of the States opens up
rather appalling possibilities and Mr.
Winter Observes in his chapter on The
Land and sea Forces that the devel-
opment Of a powerful navy under tho con-
troll NJ tbs. national Government IL highly
Ia he desired under the circumstance
III
Tho first port Of call after delightful
'wo weeks voyage from New York is |
P"-namhuco. whore the influence u the |
curly Dutch colonists can still be traced 4
y" buildings. OF the town and the 1
- THE State Of Pernambuco is about 1
same as Ohio ir size Nr Winter
4 les n detailed account. as ne does OF ths !
other towns and States. Cotton II an /,
important item Of commerce in Pernam-
huco. sugar being the leading feature.
The whaling industry along this coast
is also important. though the oil is the
most valuable yield. the whalebone fur |
rishcd by the sp"cins Of whale here bsing