Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1910-02-04

VI Seh propelled haulage traffic in Eng.
iahu' The country is divided into coun.
.ieS rural districts, urban districts
rDoiouShs and cities. In dealing with
ushsh road construction It is well ia
osS ehdt the arrangements. as regards
aasia5e and its disposal. are as near
periection as can be. The first essen
t,ai lor a good road is a good founda
S,oh' after that drainage and, IL posi-
pIv' waterproof surface. All practical
IoHd makers are agreed that the only
pIactical way to make good road. and
TO Keep 1T as such, is to first put in n
good foundation and then keep the wa
ter out OF It,
IN RURAL DISTRICTS.
| In rural districts of England and in
private streets. that is, streets that
nave not been adopted by the authorl-
| sics, the general modus operandl is to
| hrst eNcaYate and remove 10 10 Il
lnches of dirt and then place on end.
sue by side, sandstone pitching about
hine inches long. and fill the inter-
suces with broken rubble (sandstone,
ana well roll and consolidate This
Inahes an excellent foundation which is
strong enough to carry continuous
Weisnts up TO four and five tons dis
trlbuted on four wheeled vehicles. On
TINS foundation five or six inches of
broken macadam Is then well rolled
WIN steam roller. AS far as prnc-
ticaole' the Gambler should be Just suf-
ilcient Tor draining the water Off the
road, so as TO distribute the traffic
evenly.
New roads in rural districts
are made up in similar manner. but
rural roads. already macadamized. bur
III such condition as to require re-
making. are being reconstructed on
what they term the Caldwell system
rms system has upset the whole theory
OIL the old style of macadam road ma
hnG- The practise OF building the me-
tai together With hogglng, which is
practically road sweepings and water
forced into the interstices from the top.
has been substituted with the follow
ing.
MACADAM ROADS
The old macadam road is scarrfied
just sufficiently to disturb the old met
al. and on this scarried surface a thin
layer of fine granite or Stag, treated with
not tar or pitch and creosote. is spread
Upon this tarred material the ordinary
broken Stag or granite Is distributed
up to three inches or four inches thick.
The whole surface Is then we'll rolled
with steam roller
The pressure on the lop layer OF
granite or Stag spues or forces the tar
red material into the volds from
the bottom. The results of this system
have been most encouraging and salts
factory. Life is added to the material
used, owing to the use OF tar. and a
dustless surface formed The cost I'm
England of a road treated in this man.
ner is not more than per cent over
the old way. and this is more than
covered by the extra life of the road.
Macadam roads predominate In all ur-
ban districts throughout England The
traffic passing over these roads is not
necessarily as heavy as that which
passes over the main county roads 1t
must be observed that automobile traf-
fic Is very frequent. and has been very
considerably increased Noiselessness
is something which has to be consid-
cred, owing to the residential nature OF
these districts. Instead of ordinary
macadam. these roads are being large
ly converted into tar mac" roads. This
is two inches or two and q half inches
broken granite or Stag treated with
tar and bonded with a tarred Stag
OF granite dust. The life of these tar
mac" roads is about double that of the
ordinary macadam, besides the climina-
ton of dust which is something much
10 be desired. Stag is more susceptible
to tar treatment than granite. owing to
its porous nature.
ASPHALT AND WOOD BLOCKS.
In the shopping centers of the large
cities and towns of England, the prin-
cipal form of paving is either asphalt
or wood blocks. The former Salt LAX
ers are familiar with. 1t is significant,
however. that a considerable portion OF
the wood blocks. used for road and
street paving in England are shipped
over from this western part of Amer
lea They measure from three inches
to four inches in width. five or six
inches In depth and seven inches in
length. These blocks are creosoted
and are laid on a bed OF concrete The
joints are made with 4 composition of
pitch and creosote. 1t makes an Ideal
paving as far as appearance and noise
lessness are concerned. but is slippery
and greasy In damp weather. The life
OF such paving is anything from nine to
il years, according to traffic conditions
and quality of wood used.
The kind OF paving used in the large
manufacturing districts and around
and about the docks of seaport towns.
where traffic conditions are congest-
ed and heavy. is principally granite
paving. These setts are cut from
granite blocks to any of the following
dimensions: 4x6 inches. 4x5 inches. 3x6
inches, 3x5 inches. and 4 inches cube.
The length of the sett varies from Z
to 10 inches. They are clean cut. in
Yariably laid on concrete. and as a rule
the joints grouted with pitch and creo-
sote. Sometimes the joints are half
filled with pitch and creosote ESQ as to
be absolutely waterproof, and then
finished with cement and sand, one to
three The life of granite sett paw
ing where traffic conditions are very
heavy is from 20 to % years.
ENGLAND'S MAIN ROADS.
Adverting to the question of main
roads of England. those arteries which
of the country, the upkeep Of which is
so essential TO the best commercial in
terests of the manufacturing commU-
mites, we must remember that their
origin frequently dates back to the
days of tho Romans. so that the ac-
cumulation OF granite, Stag. or other
hard material which had been used In
their construction, has been accu-
mulating all these years. and forms
n foundation even better than concrete
would be. The matter of self propelled
haulage traffic has already been noted
as being the cause for nccessitatinS
the reconstruction of these main roads.
Tho writer has also suggested that
Il system OF reconstruction to suit
modern requirements, both as regards
to automobile traffic as well as the
heavier kind, has been brought under
the serious consideration OF road en-
gIneers both in England and France