davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Watertown leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1909-1911, 1910-07-01

chen rapidly becoming effaced, the king owned
all the land and distributed it among various
favored vassals.
The sovereign in the same way regarded
the new world if it had been won by the
sword The most extravagant ideas prevailed
with regard to the wealth of the American
lands 1t was at time sobery believed
in England that gold and silver and precious
stones could be had for the taking and that
the natives were the possessors of fabulous
wealth. The king gave the charters in most
cases with the idea that he would profit great
ly from mines which would yield enormous
returns to the royal exchequer.
When the colonists came here they found
it necessary to make good their titles either
by peaceful bargains with the Indians or by
force of arms. From he very first the spirit
of independence was fostered, for iefs which
had to be maintained by constant vigilance
and negotiations and by show of force did not
carry with them a deep sense of obligation.
Indeed, even at that early day, although for
the throne the coonists entertained feelings
of loyalty and devotion, shrewd IDEA
abroad that the king did not really own the
land which he had bestowed ~ his charter
The conquest of nature and Of the sivages be-
got rugged independence which the years
went by became more and distasteful
to the authorities in England.
Yet the idea of separation from the crown
was of slow growth. The forefathers main
tanned that they were British subjects, al
though not living within the realm, as indeed
was specified in some of the royal charters.
The Massachusetts charter, for instance sets
forth that the colonists shall be considered
''as if they and every one of them were born
within the realm of England" AS British sub
jects, then, they maintained that they should
be entitled to representation, and therefore
each colony had its assembly, which deter
mined upon all matters of the common veal
and established rates of taxation 1t was one
of the principles expressed in the Magma Char
ia that the common council of the kingdom
was to assess an aid to assess scutage,
Watertown leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1909-1911, 1910-07-01
A Battery Was Sent to the Front.

Tense against Indians who had taken
the Warpath. At that time General
Howe was second lieutenant serving
with light battery of the Fourth ar
tillery.
Captain Jack and Scar-Faced Char
lie, Modoc chiefs, and their following
resented the attempt which was made
to get them to leave land on which
their tribe had dwelt for years.
Peace commissioners were sent to
treat with the Indians, one of the
members of the commission being Gen
eral Candy Captain Jack asked for a
parley with the commission and the re-
quest was granted. As soon as Gen
e-al Candy and his fellow commission
members met the Indians Jack and his
followers opened fire and killed every
member Of the peace party.
The Modocs then took to the lava
beds Of the northwest and it was found
to be impossible to dislOdge them by
means of direct assault. The troops
engaged against the Indians at the
| first were cavalrymen, and all their OPP
erations had to be conducted dis
| mounted
A battery Of the Fourth artillery, to
which Lieutenant Howe was attached.
was sent to the front and the she'll
| ing of the Indians position was begun.
1t took a long time to dislodge them.
| for the lava beds were full of caves
which made excellent bomb-proofs.
| Finally, however, starvation did what
| shells could not do. and the Modocs
| surrendered. Captai. Jack, Sacrificed
| Charlie, Jim, and one or two other
Modocs were hanged for the murder of
the peace commissioners.
| Brigadier General Howe entered the
| United States Military academy as a
| cadet during the civil war. 1t was only
a few years after he was graduated
that the light battery to which he was
attached was sent to the plains cOun-
try and thence to Oregon.
| After the Modoc war was over it
| became the practise to attach light
! batteries to expeditionary forces in
| the field against the Indians, and Lieu
| tenant Howe served in the Sioux cam
| paign in 1876 campaign which saw
| the wiping out of General Custer and
! three squadrons Of the Seventh cav
| airy, the temporary triumph of Sitting
| Bull and then the final rounding up of
| several thousand Sioux warriors who
! had taken to the warpath because of
| the invasion of their country by the
| whites.
In the army General Howe is known
as one of the most proficient students
In the artillery branch of the service.
| He was graduated from the artillery
! school in 1873 and has served with
both the field and the sea coast
| branches of the service.
The whole artillery system has UNI
| dergone radical Transformation and
| with the Introduction of modern
| rapid-fire guns for field service and the
| heavy rifed breech-loading disappear
| ing carriage guns of the coast service
! the artillery officers have been COM
| PEELED to adapt themselves to con-
| slant succession Of changes. AS an in
| structor and as commanding officer
| General Howe has won great prom
| inence His active service with the
| army will end in December next.
Watertown leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1909-1911, 1910-07-01
RETIRE OLD INDIAN FIGHTER
Brigadier General Howe, One of Few
Survivors of Modoc Campaign,
Soon to End Service.

Erig. Gen. Walter Howe, United
mand of the department of the east in
the temporary absence of Maj Gen.
Leonard Wood, has served in the artil-
lery forces for 46 years
General Howe is soon to retire from
the service under the age limit law.
He is one of the few survivors of the
officers of the United States army who
took part in the campaign years ago
against Captain Jack and his fellow
braves of the Modoc tribe in the far
northwest
1t was during the campaign against
the Modocs that artillery was used by
the white soldiers as a weapon of of
Watertown leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1909-1911, 1910-07-01

and again,
in 1858, it
w a S d e
clared by
the British
p e o pl e
t b e n we'll
on t h e ir
W a Y t o
C o n S titu-
tional lib
erty, t h a t
mo money
was to be
levied or
| the crown
wv j t no u t
g r a n t Of
D a r | i "a
ment."
Watertown leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1909-1911, 1910-07-01
Carrier Pigeons in Army

tJNOTIo Ut
Italy instructs its cavalry officers in
The training OF carrier pigeons for
,e.:iita1y purposes.
Watertown leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1909-1911, 1910-07-01

nymede, and the birth of
constitutional liberty. In these days of peace
and plenty the Fourth of July is given to "sa-
lutes of cannon and the ringing of bells and
to the feu de joie,' with variations, as John
Adams predicted that it would be, yet the
observance OF the Fourth as an occasion for
recalling memories past and giving thanks for
the deeds of the patriot forefathers is sporadic
rather than general in the United States. The
Declaration Of Independence is not read from
the rOstrum, as it once was in every commu-
nifty and the orators to the links have gone.
So much has been taken here as a matter
of course that it seems hard to realize that
this anniversary is celebrated in the very Eng
land from which liberty was wrested and that
obseryances of it are officially ordered in
many lands beyond the seas The Fourth of
July has become international in scope for it
has changed the governments of nations
whose capitals are far from independence hall.
So widespread have its effects become as
studied In the light Of the present day that
in order to get the true value Of all that the
declaration signifies to the world in 1910 it is
necessary to go back to the very beginning
of American liberty.
Had not the ideas of government held by
the coonists been essentially British there
would probably never have been any Declara-
ton of Independence 1t is natural for the
Briton to demand his rights it is for him to
live. The War of the Revolution was largely
due to the fact that the two thousand miles Of
water between London and the colonies caused
parliament to lose sight of the ties of consan-
gunty and of race.
Although the original thirteen colonies
were so essentially English in thought and
feeling they had never actually been estab
lished by England a national enterprise
The only one which had ever received any
official aid whatever was Georgia, and that
was not sufficient to carry any such feeling
of dependence as is essential for the preserva-
ton of intimate colonial relations. The right
to colonize the North American continent had
been granted by charters from British king.
According to the feudal system, which was
Watertown leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1909-1911, 1910-07-01

He IMMORTAL instrument
which was signed by John
Hancock on July 4, 1776,
has meant more than the
growth and development of
an Independent nation on
this side of the Atlantic. It
was in itself the re-enact-
ment Of the greatest bill of
human rights ever penned,
which received the signet
of an unwilling king at Run
nYmede. and the birth of
Bluefield evening leader. [volume] (Bluefield, W. Va.) 1906-1911, 1910-08-01
TRUSTEES SALE OF REAL
ESTATE. IL

j, the undersigned John NJ, Wirg
man, Trustee In a deed of trust. bear.
Ing date the 18th day OF June. 1906
and recorded i'm the Office OF the Clerk
o. the County Court of Mercer County
w. Va, In Trust Deed Book No. 10
page 449. whereby Rev. Stephen Cher
nitzky conveyed to- me, as trustee. a
lot or parcel of land hereinafter des.
eriDed, In trust. To secure unto the
Biueneld Water Works * Improvement
company. its successors and assigns.
the payment of the sum of three hun
dred and sixty (s360.00) Dollars. due
from the said Rev. Stephen Chernitzky
no the said Bluefield Water Works &.
improvement company as part of the
purchase money for the lot or parcel
IPi land above referred to, which said
sum is evidenced by two interest bear
ing, promissory notes. bearing even
cate with said deed OF trust. for the
sum OF $4,000 each. made by said
rev. Stephen Chernitzky, payable to
the order OF said Bluefield Water
Works e. Improvement company at
the First National Bank of Bluefield.
w. va. In one and two years. respec.
livery, from date: and default having
pceh made in the payment of said
notes, and having been requested so to
90 Dy the said Bluefield Water Works
~ Improvement company, I. the un.
Bluefield evening leader. [volume] (Bluefield, W. Va.) 1906-1911, 1910-08-01

demonstrates that where the rigbr
methods are employed full reclamation
is possible in very large proportion
Of the cases handled. For example.
1t Is claimed that in the governmental
sanifariums of Switzerland As per cent
of the patients are cured, and the
promise of an average OF not less than
80 per cent is made for the institu.
lions established under state laws by
several OF our American common
wealths. Certain 1t is that every ad
vance made in this work is of immense
value. for 1t is stating n truism to say
that the abuse OF liquor and drugs Ia
TO blame for the greater part OF thu
vice and crime that clog our civiliza9
Chronicle Telegraph
Bluefield evening leader. [volume] (Bluefield, W. Va.) 1906-1911, 1910-08-01
The ~ In Harinoton

The spelling of the ancient name
harrington with the small "n" found
In old manuscripts is merely the reten.
ton OF the old form OF capital "F."
Deeds OF conveyance I'm the time of
George III. and III. recite, George of
Great Britain france and ireland
king" etc. The form could not there.
fore be due to ignorance, as has been
said, for In days when gentlemen of
estate were gentlemen Of quality such
Il spelling in deeds could hardly arise
from lack OF knowledge of spelling.
The haringtons of Worden Hall. Ian.
cashire, prefer. like several other well
known families. including the Holkes
and Trenches, TO retain the archaic
capital m" The family trace their
descent from Hugo de Meolis. who
came to England with the Conqueror.
and they have been associated for
generations with the court. army and
church and with public life.-London
Court Journal.
Bluefield evening leader. [volume] (Bluefield, W. Va.) 1906-1911, 1910-08-01
lOther Editors
A Midsummer Madness.

a strange case is reported from
Philadelphia. A young man named
Deyinnie has been arrested charged
with disrupting the stenographic work
in number OF offices by carrying on
a violent Irritation with scores of femt-
nine employees who were attracted to
the windows by his throwing kisses
TO the windows while in kneelink DO
sition on Girard street The young
man, when questioned, declared that
since childhood the sight of a blonde
girl drove him into such ecstasies that
he had an uncomfortable desire to
kneel at her feet and watt kisses
through the air" The question of his
culpability seems to turn on some very
practical points. Did he seriously an.
noy the young woman in the windows ?
and If so, why did they remain there
Are all the Philadelphia stenographers
blondes? Was traffic interrupted i'm
Girard street by his novel and dramat
&c department? And finally. was any
offense done to public morals in Phila
delphia by kisses more insubstantial
than the airy fabric OF vision?
These are serious but debatable ques
tions, which the wise man will avoid
answering of hand. Yet it must be ad
mitted that young Devinnie was not
without excuse in his madness. There
are those who prefer Drunettes Il
blondes and an eminent music critic
has argued that the brunette type ot
beauty IS the only true type. Yet the
fact remains that the blonde has driver
others than the susceptible Philadel
phian into ecstasies, genuine If les,
violent. Providence Journal.
Bluefield evening leader. [volume] (Bluefield, W. Va.) 1906-1911, 1910-08-01

dersigned John NJ. Wirgman. will on
the 10th day OF August, 1910, at 10
O'Clock A. NJ, at the front door OF the
Kelley e Meyers building. in the City
OF Bluefield in Mercer County, w. Va,
proceed to sell. either I'm person or by
attorney, at public auction, to the high.
est bidder. the said lot or parcel OF
land. which is situate In the town of
Biuefield. Mercer County. w. Va. and
designated and described as follows,
T. wit:
BEGINNING at the intersection of
the South line OF Highland Avenue
with the East line OF Poplar Street;
thence with the South line of High.
land Avenue, North. Sixty-two (62) de.
grees. Forty-three (43) minutes East,
Fifty (50) feet to a stake, and of this
width running back in a Southerly
direction. between parallel lines at
right angles TO Highland Avenue one
hundred and fifty U5O) feet to the
north line of twenty COO feet
wide alley. being the same lot or
parcel of land which was conveyed by
the said BlucfeId Water Works q I'm.
provement company to the said Rev
Stephen Cherinzky by deed bearing
even date with said trust deed.
TERMS OF SALE: CAS- elected and
determined by said Bluefield Water
Works & Improvement company Cash
on day of sale.
JOHN NJ. WIRGMAN, Trustee.
7-26-10 4wks.
Bluefield evening leader. [volume] (Bluefield, W. Va.) 1906-1911, 1910-08-01
Curing inebriety.

The movement on foot i'm many
States to secure the establishment OF
state inebriato asylums. in which the
alcohol and drug habits shall be treat.
Cd as diseases. would doubtless ad
vance more rapidly II there were o
wider conviction Of the efficiency OF
such institutions. The possibility OF
curing the drunkard By medical treat
ment Is very generally regarded with
"a measure Of doubt, promoted natur
ally enough by the knowledge Of tn,
frequent lapses Of ineoriates suppose
TO have been redeemed by the methods
commonly used in sanitariums. Never
| ibeless, science is assuredly not al
lault in this matter. On the contrary
evidence is forthcoming which ampl,
Bluefield evening leader. [volume] (Bluefield, W. Va.) 1906-1911, 1910-08-01
nnIaek aartD Road Anent.

Charles r.. Bolles. known TO fame as
Black Bart" was iucomparaS!y size
most conspicuous character i'm the his.
tory Of western stage robbers From
1875 To- 1888 BLACK Bart" is known TO
have committed twcnty-seven stage
robbcrics single handed Northern Cal
iforna stage drivers stood in constant
fear Of this unique desperate. On va
rious occasions the drivers were able
to give a good description Of bis figure.
hair. feet ana hands, yet no clew 20 his
actual identity was gained during the
eight years OF his stage robbing ca.
reer. lie was finally betrayed by a
laundry mark on cuff which had
dropped from his wrist when opening
q treasure box which he had taken
from Wells Fargo stage in San Joa.
quin valley. When be was finally cap
tured IN San Francisco the detectives
were amazed TO End the famous
BLACK Bart a slight. quiet hammered
man OF fifty-fve, familiar I'm face to all
the San Francisco detectives. lie had
for years frequented little restau
rant near police headquarters where
many Of the detectives dined.-W. G
jenkins in National Magazine.
Bluefield evening leader. [volume] (Bluefield, W. Va.) 1906-1911, 1910-08-01
THE BLACK HAND.
Origin Of the Name of This GrcuE ,f
DARING Criminals

oaT'HS
According to the United States Sc
cret service. the Black Hand Is a title
common TO innumerable groups of
criminals operating under the dltettion
OF some secret central govern nent
These men are black ma Tiers. uSihg
murder, arson, kidnapping and bomb
throwing as punishments for those
who will not submit TO their UBIQUITOUS
demands. Black Hand is. In short, q
handy name for brand of crime pc
culiar to Italian criminals who are sue
cessful In Ii because of the tempera-
ment Of the foreign immigrants and
their Unborn dread of the extortionist
Whether the central government which
guides the Black Hand society Is 10
Gated In the United States or In Italy
is something which neither the Italian
nor American authorities can discover.
United States officers say the name Of
the American Black Hand emanated
from Chicago about ten years ago,
when one of the first Of many mystic
rious murders in the Italian quarter
remained unsolved. The victim of the
murder had received warning that
death would follow his failure to con-
tribute specified sum Of money. The
letter was embellished with crude
drawing representing fist clutching a
dagger. The fist and dagger gave the
name Black Hand-later TO become un-
pleasantly familiar to every citizen of
the country-and the sinister sketch
was soon a source OF terror to all law
abiding Italians.-Wide World Maya,
zine. ,... .o.y-a t,,. -.
Bluefield evening leader. [volume] (Bluefield, W. Va.) 1906-1911, 1910-08-01
"A SAMOAN FISHING BEE.
Trapping the Game With a Leaf Chain
Halt Mile lono.

Trapping the Game With Leaf Chain
Halt Mile Long.
a Samoan fishing bee is unique
sight TO witness. Cocoanut leaves are
gathered In abundance and secured,
doubled and tripled. end to end. ITO
form long prickly chain. round in
appearance and about three feet In di-
ameter. These leaf chains are often
woven to length OF half a mile.
When the chain is complete alli the
men of that particular village turn
out en- masse with their 'paopaos,',, or
Samoan canoes.
When the tide Is high the chain is
stretched across some convenient
place, supported by natives In their
paopaos or simply wadlng where
the shallowness will permit The co.
coanut seine is then submerged and
slowly forced shoreward. the prickly
points driving the fish before them.
When the point IS reached where the
chain can rest upon the bottom and
still protrude slightly from the water
the natives after securing the ends 20
the beach retire and wait for the tide
TO recede, leaving the fish high and
dry. o.
II is often found that large fish are
driven and caught In this manner.
but since they are capable Of jumping
the barrier they are dispatched with
spears at once. The catches o: fish
thus made are sometimes enormous
and often number thousands. -- Los An
gelcs Times.
Bluefield evening leader. [volume] (Bluefield, W. Va.) 1906-1911, 1910-08-01


with the aim of convincing the coun
TRY on the one hand that the Repub
licans should lose control OF Congress
end on the other that they should re.
tain it. The slogan OF the Democrats
is "tariff. extravaganza and graft" and
the Republicans viii endeavor to prove
tat the tarin is the best ever. and
that the Taft administration SO far
las been perfect success. The pres
ident's Winona speech, Cannon's. Al.
drich's and Paynes sayings will be
sent broadcast over the country and
the voter will receive enough junk to
bed his carpets or light fires for years
t. come.
The two positions are as diametri.
cally opposed to each other as they
very well could be. 1t is impossible
for both to be right, and il Is within
the realm of possibility that each may
be wrong. However, from the admis
sions of the Republicans themselves
and from their failure to do that
which in National convention assemb-
led they passed upon as right would
lead to the conclusion that the Demo
cratic position is more nearly correct
and that the Republicans themselves
have broken faith with the people.
Under the head OF tariff, the Repub
Lean platform declared for revision
and Mr.. Taft himsefT said it meant a
downward revision, but the revision
notion got headed in another direction
Now Mr.. Taft and the party leaders
VIII labor to prove that the present
extortionate tariff laws are what the
country needed and the best that
could have been framed when only n
short time back they committed them
solves to a downward revision. Here
the Democrats have most excellent
material with which to wage a cam.
paign. Again under the sub-head of
extravaganza, Mr.. Aldrich, the great
Republican leader and tariff Aegcula
plus, said only few short months
back that If he were a business man
he was satisfied that he could run the
government at saving OF $500 900. 900
year and he was probably right. but
he was entering most severe arraign
ment against bis own party Extrava
gance and graft go hand in hand, and
the part of the $500 900. OOO-a neat
little sum, it must be admitted-that
wasn't eaten up In extravaganza went
into the pockets of the gentle political
CRATER.
Yes, the Democrats have a meaty
slogan, and they should sweep the
country next fall.
Bluefield evening leader. [volume] (Bluefield, W. Va.) 1906-1911, 1910-08-01
DEMOCRATIC SLOGAN.

The Democrats have opened con.
gFessional headquarters in Chicago
and the Republicans in New York
The Paonia newspaper., 1910-11-18

a. s. Davis. carpenter and con-
tractor. who has b9en in business
here for years. was a passenger on
last Saturday mornings train for
Lake View. Oregon and other
western points. where he will
spend the greater part of the wtn-
ter. His family will remain here.
The Paonia newspaper., 1910-11-18
} = = = = = = = . = = . = = = =
PERSONAL MENTION. =
! q q 4, & q q q q q q q q q q q

Bill White came down from
Somerset yesterday.
Eddie Daniels came over from
Cedaredge yesterday.
A. X. Preather OF Fort Morgan
is visitor in our city this week.
c. II. Chase OF Cedaredge is
over here on business trip today.
Miss Lorena Wade went TO
Delta las, Friday for weeks 5
visit.
John Mayes was up from Delta
a part OF the week visiting with
friends.
NJ. T.. Ford left for St. Louis.
Mo. this morning after transact
ing business here.
Henry II. Teft returned to Den
yer this morning after transact
ing business here.
pE. Hutchison came in from
Montrose the other evening for a
visit in our valley.
T. +. Loughrsm returned to
Grand Junction this morning afler
a short business visit here.
Mr.. and Mrs. l. ?. Terrell of
Paonia attended the Mech sale
down the line yesterday.
Mrs. Harry Stewart is over from
Cedaredge this week, guest of
Mrs. Ed Dole and husband.
Walter A. Evans was passen-
ger on this mornings flyer for
California for an extended stay.
Homer Wood OF Omaha. Nebr
is a guest at the q + Wood home
up the river, having arrived one
evening this week.
Mr.. Faller of Denver is here
this week looking over the coun-
try with the Taylor < Bird real
estate firm.
Mrs Net,ie Owen OF Chicago
came down from BreA,r's ranch
Wednesday and is visiting at the
home OF Ber. Chapman this week
The Paonia newspaper., 1910-11-18
kNDAL NERO. CO

Mrs. George Small's father.
Mr.. Davis. passed away at the
Small home across the river last
week after a confinement to the
house many months. The fun
eral was held on Sunday afternoon
from the home under the direc-
ton of the Odd Fellows lodge
Interment was made in South
Side cemetery.