The Delta independent., 1910-06-10
Farm ano Ranch
Fruit Tree and Vine Diseases
And Their Treatment

Bordeaux mixture (either the 1850
or the $3.50 formula, as follows:
First when the cluster buds have
opened and exposed the flower buds;
second, use after the cluster buds
have fallen; third, week or ten
days later, and fourth, two weeks
after the third spraying. In the
rainy season, this disease is rather
difficult to control and may require
five or six applications. In case of a
dry spring, however, only three ap-
plications are usually required.
In 40 days after fruit is set, spray
thoroughly with Bordeaux mixture
at intervals of two weeks until after
tivo or six applications have been
made. This treatment should be
made in addition to any previous ap'
plication that may have been maze
for scab, but in case treatment for
the latter disease has been omitted
the first application for bitter-rot
should be made not later than 80
days after the fruit is set. Recent
experiments conducted by w. M.
Scott, of this bureau, show that the
bitter-rot may be thoroughly con-
trolled by the treatment outlined.
So far as practicable, gather up
and burn during autumn and win
rcr. all of the rotten and muTm:ncd
fruit; also cut out and burn all the
prunings. Such thorough cleanings
are particularly desirable where a
thorough course of spraying has not
been carried on.
Black-rot.-The treatment for
black-rot is the same as that for the
apple-scab.
af-blights.-Two or three ap-
plications of Bordeaux mixture, at
intervals of ten days or two weeks,
beginning when the trees are in full
foliage, will ordinarily prevent these
diseases also.
Fly-speck. Bordeaux mixture ap-
piled thoroughly about the time the
fruit is one-fourth grown, and re
peated two weeks later, may be ex-
pected to prevent this trouble very
effectively.
Canker.-Remove affected limbs
as far as practicable, cut out or
scrape the remaining cankers, and
paint the wounds with white lead.
Rust-Spray with Bordeaux mix
ture as soon as the blossoms have
fallen, and again week or ten days
later. These are the same treat
nients as the second and third ap-
plications for apple scab. The dis
ease is only partly preventable by
this treatment. This fungus has its
alternate generation on the red
cedars, producing the so-called ce-
dar apples. Removal of the red ce-
chard has been recommended.
Pear Diseases. es.-Blight-Cut out
at all seaonss, but especially cut out
hold-over blight in late autumn and
again in the early spring before the
blossoms open. In cutting blight dis
infect knives and tools, as well as
cut surfaceswith corrosive sublimate
solution Il to 10000 Prune the
trees SO that fruit spurs are borne
on lruiting branches. rather than on
the main limbs. The vase form OF
growth. with the spurs removed
from the main branches, is especi-
ally recommended. All framework
branches should be repeatedly fork
cd to facilitate future cutting.
ard Bordeaux mixture after the trees
are in full foliage, one to two weeks
after the blossoms have fallen. Fol-
low with second and third treatment
at intervals of two weeks. This
treatment is very successful.
On pear seedlings and nursery
stock spray as soon as the leaves are
out and follow with five or six treat
ments at intervals of a week or ten
days, or until new leaves cease form
ing.
Peach Diseases. - Brown-rot.-
Gather all of the rotten and num-
mified fruits from the ground and
burn. Prune out all twigs affected.
Prune the trees so as to admit all
he air and sunlight possible. Avoid
over-stimulation with stable manure
and heterogeneous fertilizers. Avoid
as far as possible. planting trees on
low, wet or undrained land. Select
sites having well-drained soil; spray
just before the blossoms open, with
standard Bordeaux mixture. When
the fruit Is One-fourth of an inch in
diameter, spray with $3.50 Bor-
deaux mixture. Make two or three
sprayings at intervals of
ten days or two weeks.
Caution.-Even the weak mixture
here advised Injuries the foliage
more or less, sometimes resulting in
defoliation. Spraying is
therefore only advised when condi-
tiona arc such that the loss of the
crop is anticipated. Young grow
ing trees are less injured by the
spray, because they are continually
forming new leaves.
Leaf-curl.-Spray when buds are
dormant, three or four weeks before
the blossoms open, with Bordeaux
mixture, copper sulphate solution,
or .lime-suIph ur-salt solution. Bach