davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1910-11-17

made the defendant IN a suit 70 col
lect $4,000. which IS said to be one
half the profits OF land deal which
Burton engineered.
When Burton was released from jail
he did not have enough money left to
buy the law books for an onlce at abb
iene. He had some wealthy friends.
and they gave him a start BY taking
stock In a weekly newspaper which he
established. The paper made some
money. and now Burton owns a daily
at sallna Burton had used all his sal.
AIRY as a senator and his income from
his Kansas law practise In trying to
keep out OF fail. He was not only
sent to jail. but Was sentenced to pay
a Hne Of e2.50o. Through a technical
error In the commitment papers. this
fine cannot be collected except through
special court proceedings. and the
government may take up the case at
any time.
Burton has been buying Texas
ranches and cutting the big properties
into small farms and selling these
farms to eastern buyers One deal /
alone Is sald to have brought Burton /
$50 ,ooe. and Il Is this one that the suit |
has been fled against him for a diyl. /
sion Of this amount In profits He Is /
interested IN another huge deal. IN.
volvlng purchase price Of <1ooo.0oo.
ana Il is said that bis share from this
win net him $500. 900 before the end Of
he year. j
Burton Is now amasslng his fourth
fortune. He made and lost two for.
tunes az a lawyer and then became a !
politician and was elected to the
Omitted lialoa senate. lie was m com.
orlablo circumstances through his
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1910-11-17

A Milwaukee woman. who formerly
hailed Appleton a. her home. and who
row delights IN returning 60 that city
10 visit her father and mother. and
her sisters and brothers who stili live
there. recently made a short trip 70
that city. She did not announce her
coming and. OF course. there was no
one to meet her and escort her 70 the
home. She travelled the way alone.
however. and lugged her grip with her
rs the walk from the depot was short.
AZ the gate she met her seven-year-
old nephew. Instead Of shouting a
happy greeting. be showed his hands
down into his pockets, and looked up
AZ her rather pltyinely:
Gee. but youse has a poor baseball
team IN your town." he MIlwau.
see Evening Wisconsin.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1910-11-17

Minneapolis Mr.. Lind had repeated
" refused 20 even consider entering
the race for governor. despite the
earnest entTeaties Of his friends in all
parts Of the Gopher state. He Il now
prominent in Minneapolis, where he
makes his home. and at present Is on
4 trip to the northwest While the
Democrats were IN convention q tele-
gram was received from Mr.. Lind
IN which he fatty refused 70 have his
name brought before the convention.
The convention itself was one Of
the most exciting IN the history Of
Democracy IN Minnesota. A peculiar
state Of Affairs prevailed. All the DEL
egates we're Of one mind IN consider
Ing Lind as the strongest nominee the
party could put forward. but while
one-half Of the delegates insisted upon
nominating him despite his wishes.
the other half we're equally insistent
that the ex-governor's telegram be
needed. For three hours pandemo-
mum relgned. no other name being
considered. Al last the faction bent
on nominating Mr.. Lind gained control
Of the convention and his name was
placed az the head Of the ticket La
ter the nomination was made unani-
nous. Mr.. Lind wired from Seattle
and then from Alaska that he would
not be a candidate
When informed Of the action Of the
convention Mr.. Lind said: 4 have re-
peatedly stated that I could not and
would not accept the nomination"
Should he adhere 10 this resolution It
viii be necessary 10 again call the
Democratic convention into an ex-
traordinary session In order to name
another candidate
Among his other protests Mr.. Lind
wrote TO Frank A. Day. chairman Of
the Democratic state central commit
tee. as follows: Nearly a year ago
Informed you / had decided irreEoca-
bly, never again to take part in poll
tics as a candidate for ofice. ! would
regard Il as downright folly for the
TO nominate a man for the
head q the ticket who has been de-
clared ineligible By the legislature.
Under the circumstances you win ap-
preciate the impossibllity Of my &C
cepting the nomination.
Mr.. Lind was the first Democrat 10
be elected governor Of Minnesota and
be is immensely popular throughout
he state.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1910-11-17

Sexes Should BE Separated and Much
Attention Given 20 Chickens
Bill Of Fairs.


The proper months for Noting ars
August. September and October. bul
10 young stock It Is apt TO begin 4
little earlier. and IN old stock a little
later.
The older the fowl the more delayed
VIII be the commencement Of thil
period.
II not already done. the sexes should
b. separated until the fowl has com
pleted her new feather growth. Ia
fact. Il Is not advisable to remate be
fore the FIRST Of the new year.
Any weakness fowl may have Is
pretty sure 70 develop AZ melting
time.
Melting is not disease. but the
strain In growing tho feathers IL apt
70 weaken The fowl. making Il more or
less susceptible 70 sickness.
Il IS generally supposed that II
takes 100 days for q fowl TO change its
coat Of feathers.
The Van Dresser method OF semi
starving and then overlooking fowls 20
make quick molt has not stood the
test expected. PoultTymen. as a rule.
are more favorable 70 old Natures
method.
Both sunnower seed and linseed
meal are valuable additions 70 the bin
Of fare az this season OF the year.
The bin Of fare should be rich IN NJ
trogen. Green food is important IN
less the material Ia the food e Of
feather-making nature the fowls can
not shed the old coat
When a hen receives q large supply
Of carbonaceous food she increases her
fat without supplying the necessary
elements needed IN the renewal Of the
feathers. and there IL q general
wasting away. inactivity Of the bird
and death. when no stinulant IL given
the shafts Of the new feathers seem 10
stick on too long. not splitting open
freely.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1910-11-17
LIBRARIES OF OLD
ANcIENTs STORED SOURCES or
IMPORTATION.
Gatherings Of the Present Day Really
Are vsry Little. n Any. Ahead
Of Those Of the Past
Generations.


In the matter Of numbers the Bib
fotheQue Rationale Of Paris Is gen
orally accounted the first library IN the
world, with over 1900. 900 volumes
The British museum stands second
with 1000. 900. and the Imperial H.
brary Of st. Petersburg has about
500. 900. which, also. are the figures
20 be assigned 70 the library Of con
gress At Washington. The New York
public library. according 70 some au-
thorifies, is IN the same class a. the
big library AZ the national capital, and
there are several libraries IN the
United States that display on their
shelves more than one-half OF million
volumes.
In a way. however. the modern H.
braries are far behind those Of ancient
times, when Il Is considered that.
since the invention Of printing, the &C
cumulafion Of books for the great u
braries has offered no very great dif-
nculties: and that. IN the case Of the
ancients. every volume OF their coliec-
ions must. perforee. be written By
hand.
Il IL therefore somewhat startling
10 read that the Alexandrian library IN
Egypt numbered no less than 7oo. 900
volumes two centuries before the
Christian era This library. founded
D. G. go By Pioiemy Softer. entirely
overahadowed the more or less myth
cal collections alleged 70 have pre-
ceded n. such a.. for Instance. that
Of osymandyas. who reigned In Egypt
Il IL said. some 100 years before
Christ. and the library mentioned b.
Diodorus sicuina as having been Get
up A. susa. the capital Of the Persian
kings.
To the collection started By Ptolemy
Softer there was added another By
Ptolemy Philadelphus. which was IN
time further augmented until. az al
ready stated. 4 numbered 300. 900 vol
umes.
Il ~ B. c. the library IN that sec
ton Of the Alexandrian institution
known as the Bruchion 100000 vol
nnes) was accidentally consumed By
Ere during a visit By Julius Caesar and
his auxiliary soldiers. The library IN
the section known az the serepeum.
however. increased IN numbers TN 4
exceeded the whole Of the former col.
lectiona.
One interesting donation 20 this
library was that OF 100000 volumes
IRON the Peruragean library. present
"a By Mark Anthony 20 Cleopatra
The library AZ Alexandria suffered
on various occasions. but
L remained practically intact until A.
D. ESQ. when n was destroyed By the
saracons under orders Of the Caiiph 1
Omar. Thus disappeared a noble col.
lection that had endured some $50
years.
Il Is q curious fact, IN view OF the
allegations Of Omar. that. Fl the wri-
lines Of the Greeks agree with the
Koran. they are useless. and need not
,e preserved: n they disagree with
ne Koran. they are pernicious. and
,ught 70 be destroyed that saraccns
Ihould afterward collect large libraries
y inndel literature. such as those AZ
rripoils IN Syria. and At cordova IN
spain. which latter collection en-
raced 100000 volumes.-Harper's
Weekly
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1910-11-17

A philosophical individual once re.
fused point blank 10 lend $50 70 q
bosom friend Wei. did not expect
that OF you." said the would-be Dor.
rover. rising and preparing to leave
Indignantly: 7 viii never forgive you
for this refusal" "Of course you
won't. my dear fellow" replied the
philosopher. with the utmost calm.
meas: hut II I'd lent you the $50. you
wouldn't have paid me. and we should
have Quarreied about that; 20 It's az
well to get the row over at once. Good
morning"
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1910-11-17

scours Is a disease caused By indi-
Eestion. and generally comes from feed
ing too much dry feed without change.
Put the calf on a grain ration and feed
bran mash every day for a week.
Turnips and other roots are also good
IN cases OF this kind. For cattle a
small dose Of castor OIL. about two
ounces. combined with an ounce Of
laudanum given IN little iinseed Cruel
g a good remedy.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1910-11-17
AIRSHIPS FOR ARMY
General Wood Joins IN Demand
for Their Adoption.
Next Congress VIII BE Aslssd for an
Appropriation Of $4,000 that
the signal once May Push
Experiments.

Washington. alor- General Leon,
Ard Wood. chief Of stan OF the army.
and MAJ. George o. sQuier. acting
chief signal onicer. are authority for
the statement that efforts 70 obtain
funds from congress At the next sea-
sion. for an equipment OF aeroplanes.
would be doubled
This decision has Just been reached.
following the conclusion Of the signal
once that the aeroplane IN IL present
stats 'is recognized BY every power 70
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1910-11-17

electricity. and
ten 70 one y0uu
get either Edison
OF Westinghouse
for answer. Ash
the same question
Of anyone IN the
electrical profess
sion. and the 70
ply win always 30
'8teinmefn Of the
General Flee
tric' =" One. you
see Is popular
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1910-11-17

ernatorial nOml-
nation confronfs
the Democratic
party IN Mime
sofa In direct
opposition 70 the
wishes Of former
Gov. John Lind.
the latter was
unanimously nom
mated for COVER
nor At the Demo
cratic state con-
Vention held IN
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1910-11-17

Whenever the farmers begin to wish
for rain the merchants are about
ready to pray for H. There is rea.
son for this because a drought that
would bring hardships 10 the farmers
would bring stiil harder times to some
OF the business men OF the cities.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1910-11-17

~why didn't you get up before the
referee counted ten ?" asked the ala.
appointed hacker.
Il wna a little confused" confessed
the vanQuished pugilist Il thought
be was counting up gate receipts. and
! was listening for bigger figures. ~
Star.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1910-11-17

law practise IN Kansas snd bis salary
as a senator, and then he was appoint.
ed an attorney for a st. Louis corpora
ton and appeared before some depart
ments IN Washington az the attorney
for this company. This was IN viola
ton Of federal statute and Burton
was prosecuted and convicted. He lost
all the money be had in fighting this
case.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1910-11-17

more. but sooner or later the aero
plane will be the greatest factor Of
the century IN the worlds affairs
For these reasons / shall use my In
auence 70 the utmost 70 obtain funds
from congress 20 enable the army 70
carry on experiments and trials.
What ] have said heretofore. espe
cially In favor Of the dirigible balloon.
IS not 10 be construed as being q
statement against the utility or tho
possibility OF the aeroplane. Just AZ
present the dirigible can carry more
men and more supplies. and Is. per.
haps, more dependable than the flying
machine. But this win not preclude
my favorine the aeroplane for the
army.
TO do al this we must have funds.
Of course. and Il 70 my hope that We
shall be able 70 set a generous amount
80 that no pains need be spared IN
doing everything We can 70 bring out
the salient points Of the craft that
promises 30 much
The activity Of the foreign nations
IN aerial military preparations was
worth noting" said Major eQuier. 4
have Witnessed many Of the meets
and experiments. and the success that
attended them Is certainly promising.
The trials IN the United States.
which has been the first country 70
recognise and bring out the possiblli-
~ Of long distance aviation when the
Wright brothers few from Fort Myer
70 Aiexnndria and back for a bonus Of
more than $4,000. came 10 . stand
still many months ago because Of lack
OF funds.
Instrument 81 onenss and Defenss.
4 sincerely hope that We can align
ourselves with the orher powers IN
this problem For there IL no limit
70 the asroplane. As Il stands today |
Il a. he recognised complement Of
the powers armament II IL an IN.
sfrumenf o. oIense and defense. and.
disassociating Il from militarism. is
good qualities aud services viii be
81 untold benefit 70 humanity.
Just a. present. while congress has
designated the signal once as having
ANAANItAl over ANtuNlauN4 anu ulIAalF L
biea. We have neither the funds nor
the required number Of men for an
organised aerial corps.
we shall again submit = request
Tor a. appropriation. and Il congress
considers 4 favorably We shall not
lose much time IN bringing ourselves
10 the front Aeroplanes have changed
Ia mechanism since two years ago. Il
not IN general contour. and those OF
today are vastly superior 70 the ones
% the recent past There 10 less
gusaauork about travelling n them
Asked about the possibilities of nr.
Ing Or dropping proiectiies from an
aeroplane IN night. especially ~
high altitude. Major squler said:
Evidence 20 far ~ our possession
shows that The chances are favorable
10 the seroplano
Accursfe Dropping Testa.
In cur few experimental alghta
oranges and pieces Of lead pipe have
been thrown down. DO not yet know
What craftsmanship was obtained. but
hat hits are not dinhcuit IL known
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1910-11-17

your poor husband met sudden
death. didn't her"
That's what we're trying to prove. p
replied the widow. hut the chauffeur
swears he wasn't going over twenty
niles an hour
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1910-11-17

Keep the pigs growing from the day
they are born until they go to the
Strengthening pen. The farmer who
turns on a good bunch OF hogs each
year can always get credit at the bank
n he wants t.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1910-11-17

a term in the Iron
county (AIo.) jail
for practising law
before a federal
department while
he was a United
States senator.
and who was 50
poor at that time
that no effort was
made to collect
the $4,000 nne. is
becoming wealthy
and has been
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1910-11-17

ing and perhaps
the most original
feature Of the Do
minion govern
ment To the ex-
perlmental farm
without doubt
more than 10 any
other factor. Is
due the splendid
development Of
the northwest do
m fnion today.
Through c2 years.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1910-11-17

A hinged door Is not complete
without cllpa fastened to the side OF
the building to hold the door fast
whom opened. Clips that work auto.
maucally can be had Tor q few
oentn
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1910-11-17

The absence Of mosquitoes and the
presence OF good roads are two Of the
good things that go with a dry sum.
mer. As far as this season Is con.
cerned Il has a whole lot Of silver
lining for such small cloud.
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1910-11-17
LIND NAMED FOR GOVERNOR
GREATLY AGAINST HIS WILL

A VERY perplexing condition Of ar
n fairs IN connection with the CUB
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1910-11-17
cANADA'S DEVELOPMENT IS
DUE TO EXPERIMENTAL FARM

n ANADA'S system OF experimental
y farms Is one Of the most interest
The Nezperce herald. (Nezperce, Idaho) 1900-1957, 1910-11-17
FORMER KANSAS SENATOR
MAKING FOURTH FORTUNE

TR BURTON. former United States
Js senator from Kansas. who served
Omaha daily bee., 1910-04-25

NOTICE OF SALE OF IRRIGATION DIS
trict bonds-To all whom 1t may concern:
Notice is hereby given that the Board of
Directors of the Kimbal Irrigation District
has declared its intention to sell and will
sell the entire issue of the bonds of said
by said board and by the electors of said
district, to-wit: The sum of Two Hundred
and Fifty Thousand (S250, 000) Dollars or any
part of said issue, al the office OF said
board on the corner of First and Chestnut
Streets in kimball, County of Kimball and
State of Nebraska. on Saturday, May a.
1910, at the hour of 1900 o'clock noon. Sealed
proposals will be received by the board at
its said office for the purchase of said
bonds until the day and hour named above
the proposals and award the purchase OF
the bonds to the highest responsible bidder
or bidders, the board however, reserving
the right to reject any and all bids. No
bonds can be sold by said board at less
than ninety-five $50 per cent of their
in from ten to twenty years and bear six
per cent interest, payable semi-annually;
both interest and principal being payable
from assessments levied upon all the real
estate in said district All bids must be
accompanied by certified check, payable to
the order of the KimbalI Irrigation District
for not less than two (270 per cent of the
amount OF the bid, said check to be re-
tained by the district as liquidatod damages
in case the bid which said check accom-
panies shall be accepted by the board and
the bidder shall refuse or fail to carry out
his bid. BY order of the Board of d rectors
THE KIMBALL IRRIGATION-D DISTRICr 4,
by !. S. Walker, President. Attest: Fred
r. Morgan, Secretary. A2ld 24t
Persistent Advertising is the road to Big
Returns.
Omaha daily bee., 1910-04-25
GOVERNMENT NOTICES
ICnntinuehl

OFFICE CONSTRUCTING QUARTER
master, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, April
q, 1910 Sealed proposals, I'm triplicate, sub.
tect to the usual conditions, will be received
here until II q. m, central time, May "A,
1910, and then opened in the presence Of at
tending bidders, for construction, plumb.
Ing, heating, wiring and fixtures OF the
following buildings: Two sets field off
GERS quarters, two double sets company
officers quarters three four-set officers
quarters. Full information and blank forms
of proposal furnished on application to this
office. Plans and specifications may be
seen here, also in offices Chief Quarter
masters at Omaha, Denver and St PAUL
Depot Quartermaster. ST. Louis, and
Quartermasters Office. Searritt Arcade
Kansas City Mo. The United states re-
serves the right to accept or reject any or
all proposals, Proposals should be enclosed
In sealed envelopes endorsed Proposals
for Public Buildings" and addressed to
Captain VIM. ID. Davis, Quartermaster. T.
S. A, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.
A25-26-2 -2S- -NI22-2S
Persistent Advertising is the road to Big
Returns.
Omaha daily bee., 1910-04-25
Articles Open. High Low. Close. Yes'y

mo 2.
Cash quotations were as follows
FLOUR-Firm; winter patents 5000
SIS; winter straights, 4.15g52; spring
stralghts, $455Q475; bakers, S2.76g5.OO.
RYE-No. e. 7Sc.
BARLEY-Feed or mixing, 43q50c; fair
to choice mailing, 56q60c.
SEEDS-Timothy, S4.6O; clover, s11.75.
PROVISIONS-Mess pork, per bbl., $22.5O
Lard, per 100 lbs, Sl2.b5. Short ribs, sides
Qoose) Sl2.25dl2,50 Short clear sides
Total clearances Of wheat and flour were
equal to 100000 bu. Primary receipts were
25S, 900 bu., compared with $4,000 bu. the
corresponding day a year ago.
Estimated receipts for Monday: Wheat,
u cars; corn, Sc cars; oats, lG5 cars; hogs,
chicago Cash Priees-wheat: No. 2 red
S1.l0hdl .1lS; No. 3 red, 81 O69l :o95z No. z
hard, 81 l0d1.1l; No. 3 hard. 81 O5al .O9z7
No. spring. A.Osgl .o91s. Corn Corn: No, No z
white, 6l4. .462c; No. white, GlAq6lhci No
yellow, 5yk@60kC; No. yellow, 6ShqO9c
oats: No. 2 white, 43%q44Ac; No. 3 white
A%d45hc; No. 4 white. 4Og42Ac; standard
CHICAGO April 23.-BUTTER-Easy
crcameries, 25129c; dairies, 2242Gc.
EGGS-Steady; receipts 29,O64 cases; at
mark, cases included, l7Aql9lRc; firsts' -Oci
prime firsts 2lc.
13%Gl4c; Young Americas, l4Q14Ac; long
OTAT0ES-Steady; choice to fancy, 229
24c fair to good, 1SQ2Oc
POULTRY-Easy; turkeys, l5c; chickens
" VEAL~steady: spI st, 50 to 60 h. WITS saoc
CO 10 So h. WITS, 9q10c; S. to 40 Id. WITS,
10d11c.
Receipts Today-Wheat, II cars; corn, 70
cars; oats, 40 cars. Estimated Monday
Wheat, l2 cars; corn, Sc cars; oats, l65 cars
Omaha daily bee., 1910-04-25
ArtIclos. open. ] HIsn. Low. / close ] Yes,y.
Omaha Cash Price..

WHEAT-No. hard, sl.O01sa1O2; No. 3,
9Scq$l.OO; No. 4, 92q9lc; rejected hard, 770
&c; No. spring, Sl.0OU1.02; No. spring.
9ScaS1. 90; No. 4 spring, 9ldt95o; No. durum,
A4QSo1sc; No. durum, S21kqS4c.
CORN-No. 2 white 5S1ae; No. 3 white,
56lRq6Sc; No. white, b5a66c; No. 3 color,
55a5619c; No. 4 color, 54a55c; No. yellow,
Soc; No. yellow, 53taQ54Ac; No. 4 yellow,
aS19p52Hc; No. 2, soc; No. 3, 5314d5415c No
4, 4S1e4521Sc no grade. 35G40c.
OATS-Standard, 4O1hc; No. 3 white, 400
4Ol9c; No. white, 3S1ad39kc, No. 8 yellow,
39d4Oc; No. 4 yellow 3S939c; mixed, $40
39yfc
BARLEY-No 4, 51q68c; No feed, 490
5OJzc
RYE-No. 2. 74GT41kc:. No. 3, 7S874c.
Omaha daily bee., 1910-04-25
GRAIN AND PRODUCE MARkET
Opening Prices Are Higher, with
Bullish Sentiment.
CASH CONDITIONS HELP CORN
Values GnerRlIy Work Up One
Cent Higher All ArOund-Liver-
pool Closes at Halt Cent
Higher.
OMAHA. April o. 1910

OMAHA, April o, 1910.
Sentiment among wheat traders was
more bulllsh again and opening prices we're
higher. Cables were firm following the
domestic advance yesterday. While news
from all points in Nebraska ana Kansas 10
very bulish the market ruled rather dull.
Cash conditions and stronger skneat
market Is helping TO strengthen oTn.
Values are slowly working away from the
low point of a week ago.
Unravorable weather coupled with better
cash demand and higher cables turned SEN
tnent bullish again and prices worked an
other lc higher today. News from all sec
uons OF the winter wheat belt shows much
damage to crops.
The corn market was very firm from the
start. Cash houses were good buyers on
the strength in wheat and the improve
ment in snlpping demand. Stocks ate de-
creasing ana IL demand continues luftner
advances are likely.
Primary wheat rece pts were 25SCOJ
bushels and shipments we've 10000 bushes,
against receipts last year Of 2Jl,U 100 bushels
and shipments OF $4,000 bushels.
Urinary corn receip,s were $4,000 bushels
ana shipments were 6l5,OH bushels, against
receipts last year sof 2lOOOJ bushels and
shipments of $4,000 bu hels.
Clearlngs were 2S4 ,00J bushels of corn,
l'OW bushels OF oats and wheat and flour
equal to 10000 bushels t+
Liverpool closed hd to I'D higher on
wheat and normal on corn
Local range OF opuons