The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1910-08-28

separate powers than in the support
OF the commune
IN" best chance come TO men who
nav" been until the new act members
OF 'ntnmuneS " hICh held originally
large allotment of land but from which
many members have migrated Near
me great cities the Commune- often decide
NOT 10 break mp. The present system
shltS them Tor reaEons quite apart from
agriculture The men can get employment
IN the cities and vet he near enough
Ia their village 10 help the com mune
residents NJ the busiest times
An agriculture which still reaDs by the
siCkl" and threshes hY the fail has not
advanced Ia anV very scientific idea Of
IN" rotation 81 crops The communes
OF Pskor and Nitchzk adhere TO three
sta pl"s. rye. FAX and potatoes. these they
plant IN the regulation long narrow strips
which their system of land division inn
poses, and On each strip they are raised
alternately Now the new farms are
more compact and their fields more nearly
square That II the first sign that an
estate ~ being Operated under the now act
10y men who have left the commune
Tn" n"Nt ~ IN" presence Of new crops
Her" ~ seen the influence IL the Govern
m"nt = land agents who ara instructed
10 help along the new farmers with any
suggest uns that they can think W The
agent who periodically expects the farms
Ia 49, that Government cred It ~ not beng
wasted GA n man who ~ making no use OF
his holding Will often explain the adVan-
tage, say. ui clover over potatoes He
will point ont that ON the same outlay
the crop IT clover will keep COWS that will
give tire" times the value IN milk of the
POTATOES raised on the same field at the
Satne cost And then he will acc a. agent
for procuring clover seed 20 the farmer
All around the order has gone To do
what IN possl bl.' To confirm the new man
in his belief that he has done well 10y
leaving the commune As there have
been less than J per cent Of applications
Ia re-s'ind the contract by men who have
taken up freeholds there are no mIsgiN-
ngs as Ia the hulk Of the farmers being
faithful To their experiment More
over for the first time in the lIfc Ut the
plain simple man ia Russia, he finds hum
self dealing with "A Government otfiCia
who ~ actually doing him some material
good. doing Il no doubt from the Gov
ernment's self-lnterestsd political mo-
tive-. bat all the same really helping hun.
The officials " no arr IN Charg" Il the new
land system are keenly Interested Ia IiS sue
cess. II the new land urgaulSatIpn sChem'
entails heavy financial l,-S then the am
bilious young officials VII 10 arr answsrabla
for itS installation. who number hundreds
IN some provinces. share the eventual dis
credit and are Handicapped ~ their tut tar"
ca r,-arS, for most II them have volunteers
ont of other deps tments INTO the admin
i-tration 81 the land act Moreover for
their own rrput atluns a. capable tunc-
tIonari"- they must not recommend tn"
advance of State funds fpr developments
that du not thirty"
On rh.. other Napd the settler fasls that
h. has 10 produce evidence Jrl-frfy,ng ~"
credit advanced 80 him. II ~ this hrsf
link If good VIII between a mass 81 pro
ducrrS IN the immunity aud class uf
stat" officials that indicates th" r"al po-
htICal SlgnifCanCa II Mr. ~ plvpn : land
Legislation And u - that circumstance
GIAt trrolnt- for ia opp '-itInn - - ~
quarters that u-'.,i ~ call Tor m" abolition
If IN" commune a. having hsc''rn' syn
onym for lguura1C- and reaction
Tn" great land nagnst@s - Russia IN"
owners II hundreds - thousands ~ "'r'-.
have taken Iitt!" part m thu CpntrpN"r~N
over "a" land reform " my Hr' power
ful IA the council - the "tnpiT. and hava
ready access 10 IN" Car ~ may b'' 'aS"n
that they ar" not hustl" May II them
spend their wealth as ah-"n'''-s, N aTv
case they can sell parts Il th"Ir estates -
the new farmers u they thrive AMI Car
buy. aud hey would still remain terrific
rial grand--S II - calculated that about
~ Iser cent. II IN. pDms stChIks. or slulrr-
ar. hostile heCauS.. a. has been sad they
believe 70 viii bs more 4 sicult tor them 10
get hir,.d labor who're they farm their own
land
The attitude - the cadet party 81 the
regular Constitutional Democratic oppo-
sition. ~ entirely political Its leaders
have no relation 20 the agrIcul' ural life
81 the country. either a. landlords. farm
era ~ peasants They ar" cosmopolitan.
town loving men Their persistent nos
tillty - IN. new az has scarcely NOR"
r.l.vauCe m ~ than thar II many u IA"
orthodox clergy who complain 'ha' IN"
scattering e the Communss into isolated
houses on s"pardt" farms Will tax" N"
peasant further from the church door and
mean fewer Cpp-CKE IN tn" collect 'pn
hoyrs What the Cons ltut ipnal Demo
Gratis CpntSmpiat" with disgust ~ the
am-rgpnC. ~ ar active independent class
who's. 70 monte interests Will incline them
toward conservatism II political troubles
should take m" property burning 'urn
that ~ did year ago But worse than
that the paramount importance ~ m"
land question outside II The two or thre"
great cities puts the deisE'@d legally
trained tchinnovnik ~ the DEPARTMENTS
81 the Interior and II Justi'" INTO IN"
background and brings into action a race
~ admin s'rative agents not do'pmentsd
bureauCrats but IN personal cpn'ar' with
men and things. who may IN time Use -
tn, control - "A publicly supported land
system.