The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1910-06-18
SITE OF MADRID.
Arid Now, II Once Abounded In For
ests and Gardens.

|
ests and Gardens.
| Travellers find it hard to believe that
Madrid ever abounded with water.
The modern town stands on so bleak
and arid an eminence, its surround
ings. save In early spring, are 80
marched and dusty and the water ped
dler's cry Of aqua! Aqua" Is so In
sistent and ubiquitous one RANCHES
Madrid must have been thirsty from
the beginning.
Yet its ancient coat OF arms was
large flint half immersed In water,
with steel hatchets striking 1t on ell
Their side, the ascending sparks form
ing a sort Of canopy around 1t. APP
pended pas the motto:
was built on water.
My walls are Of fire.
Such Is my emblazonment
This device was embematic only OF
the city In its early days before
Charles V. had started 1t on its head
long career Of greatness merely be-
cause he credited Its climate with hav-
Ing cured him of fever. He 1t was
who first conceived the project OF ele-
waiting 1t to the rank Of capital. 1t
was left, however, to his son, Philip
H., to promulgate the decree declaring
the town to be unlca Corte.
At that time Madrid was small
town empowered In gardens and
woods and meadows and with springs
and wells lavishly supplied by nature.
The ManZanares, now melancholy,
meager stream, was OF measurable
depth. But with the apportionlng OF
her territory into palaces and lodging
houses for the royal hangers-on ana
the cutting down Of the trees to swell
the royal treasury the inevitable fol-
lowed The sun OF well nigh 400 sum
mers has burned and returned the site
Of the old town and It's bestripped
suburbs and dried up the natural mois-
ture. At present the climate OF Mad
rid is nearly the most trying In all
Europe.-From Calverts Madrid
BeAlnA the Human Eyee.
The difficulties opticians have expert
enced In arriving at an accurate dag
AosIs Of the complaints from which
their patients are suffering have led to
experiments In photographng the eye.
For this purpose an Instrument has
recently been invented, affecting op
teal science In general, and the fur
ther development Of the eye specialists
profession In treating eye diseases and
faulty vision In particular.
The fnct that oil attempts to photo
graph the interior or the background
Of the eye had remained fruit!ess so
Tar WINS due to the peculiar construc-
ton Of the eye. 1t IS difficult to light
up the interior to such I'm extent ne
to enable one to tnke a photograph
OF It, and even the use OF strong
sources Of light In the exposure would
require 80 Iluch time that the eye
would have to be iiaed. which would
menn great Inconvenience TO the pa
dent Now Dr.. Thorner has construct.
succeeded In photographing the eyes
II aniIoaln, especially cata
A City OF Changes.
Cattaro, the Austrian sea gate OF
Montenegro, was held by Montenegro
once for little time Montenegro ac-
uuired II In 1918 with the aid OF
British squadron. Any inhabitant or
Cattaro who was contemporary with
the rise and fall Of Napoleon must
often have had to pause and think
what country he belonged to, for, hav-
Ing been Venetian for centuries, Cat
taro became Austrian by the treaty or
Campo Formio and Italian In 1905 by
the peace OF Pressburg. 1t was ABB
sorbcd in the French empire In 1910
and wrested from 1t In 1913, and final
L. In 1914 Russia compelled Monte
negro TO give 1t up to Austria.