davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The oasis., 1910-11-12
MORALES, ARIZONA. SATURDAY. NOVEMBER I2 191o

| NHN NANiA NiSlHlLJ GO DC CHduSCu to Arizona" later by the Spaniards. It was in that way, probably, that "the ranche called Arizona" men toned by Father Kino in his des- cription of the great mineral dis covery at Planchas de Plata, took its name. It is the property now owned by the sons of the late William Barnett, who owned it more than half century, having resided there from his early man. hood up to the time of his death in 1909 at the ad vanced age of eighty.
 The derivation and definition of other local names given Mir. Smith by the old Indian are likewise very interesting and well worthy of preservation. In the Indian dialect Tucson is "Chuc-zon," meaning "black spring." and to this day that is the pronunciation given the word by the Indians. Close to the site of the town there was a spring beside which grew cottonwood trees, and their leaves falling into the spring and the pools about it dis colored the water, causing adoption Of the distinctive name, which was taken up by the Indian village which was located beside the water. When the Spaniards supplanted it with their own town they rendered "Chuc zon" into Tucson"
 San Xavier del Bac was an h. dian village named "Qui-vac." "Qui" signifies village and "vac" means drinking water. In the same way that "Ali-zon" became Arizona" "Ali-vac" became "Ari- vaca," and the original meaning of the word is obvious.
 The first settlement of the friars was westward from Tucson, on what is now the Alison ranche, and the monastery they established there was named in honor of San Augustin. The ruins of the old building are a landmark at the present time. On account of the floods to which they were exposed the friars abandoned their location at San Augustine, and removed to Qui-vac, naming the new mon- astery in honor of San Xavier, and giving their saint a location by taking the last word of the name of the Indian village "vac." As in Spanish "v" and "b" are inter- changeable frequently the friars wrote the word "bac," and the old church is known to this day as that of San Xavier del Bac. It is one of the interesting sites of the country, and is visited frequently by many tourists and others, who go out from Tucson, a distance of about nine miles, over a good road.
 About the same time of the re- moval of the monastery to San Xavier del Bac the Spaniards settled at Chuc-zon, using the water of the spring, and changing the name to Tucson.
 "Cababi" means a we'll with steps going down in the water. It is located west from Tucson.
 "Quitovac" means a village be- side water and "Quitovacito" means several villages surrounding water.
 "Tubac" means running water. It is beside the Santa Cruz river, at one of those places where the bed rock rises forcing to the sur face the water percolating through the sands and giving there a stream
The oasis., 1910-11-12
score and ten years younger.


 in way the official legendarian of the tribe; or he might be called the acknowledged depository of the tribal traditions and legendary lore. As an aid to his memory the centenarian had a notched pris- matic stick between eleven and twelve inches in length, each side about half an inch in width. Every individual notch recalled or repre- sented some important event in the history of the tribe, and the touch of one when the old man was using it brought forth always some very interesting story. In point of time it covered 150 years, and never was there any deviation. Time and again MT. Smith put the stick to a test; but always the finger upon any particular notch drew forth the same story. Beside that the old man had vast fund of in- formation about the habits and customs of his tribesmen which he gave freely to MT. Smith after the latter had gained his confidence. When he got to talking he seemed 10th to quit; and many a night the twain sat up until two o'clock the white man an interested listener to the legendary lore of the Indian, and his disquisitions upon the history, habits and customs of his people, their nomenclature of the country, the meaning of the names and their origin. For the purposes of this article MT. Smith has given THE OASIS the information herein not only to. settle the derivation and meaning of the word Arizona" i" but to convey and preserve many other interesting and historically valuable facts.
 Long before the Spanish occupa- tion of the country the Indians had named the various springs and water holes of the region, and each name was a descriptive com bination of words which signifed water of some kind or in some form. In passing it is not amiss to remark that there is no sound of "r" in the Indian tongue. In their dialect the word "zon" means a spring of water, and "ali" means little" So "Ali-zon" was a little spring of water. And when came the conqui8tadoreS they picked up the name, without any definite idle of its actual significance, sub stituted the q" with an "r" and for the sake of euphony added the final "a," transforming the word into "Arizona." So there are the derivation and definition of the word, over which there have been so much speculation and wild guessing, just as it has come out from the myths and mists of Indian tradition. Taking into considera- tion its source and the manner of transmission there can be no doubt of the authenticity and accuracy of this version of the derivation and definition of the word "Ari- zona."
 The spring to which the name "Ali-zon" was originally applied, according to the old Indian quoted, is that known now to the Mexicans as "Sauicita," and it is located about two miles south of the inter- national line very nearly in a direct line with the south end of the Mesquite mountains in Arizona, over toward the Gunsight country,
The oasis., 1910-11-12
Whole No. 9I3

Vdll6yS are NeSIlSeS OI' VdHlSneQ villages that are called "vach.quis" meaning places where there was water, which is an essential ele- ment in founding towns and vil- lages or cities anywhere.
 All the native Indian names in this great region have like origin and their derivation and original meaning could be learned readily by cultivation of the Indians, gain ing their confidence, and drawing out the information they can give. This is line in which the official historian of Arizona might devote pro6tably some of the study she is giving to the early history of the territory.
 MT. Smith states that the Pimas and 'Papagoes are actually single tribe, with the same language, GUS toms and traditions. Their original native name was "Acamatotum," meaning 'the river people," as a distinction from those who dweh in the mountains-the Apaches. The old Indian cited at the begin. ming of this article related that at the time of the invasion of Mexico by Cortez the "vac.qui" or great chief sent out into this remote re- zion runners to gather fighting men and bring them to the interior to aid in repelling the invaders Most of the young and middle aged men responded to the call and went toward the seat of war with the runners as guides. They travel led about three moons" when they were met by other runners who turned them back with the information that the great chief was killed and the war was over. Many returned but others settled in Sonora and Chihuahua. AS those who returned approached their homes they sent forward rum ners to apprise of their approach the aged persons and children they had left. The runners were sur prised to find the villages entirely deserted. They ascended high hill near the Gila and for two days and nights they awaited the com- ing of the returning warriors and their women. When the advancing body came in sight the runners signalled them that there was something wrong, and they were asked the reason. The reply was "pi- i-ma"-"we don't know"-and the words were adopted as a new tribal name, and they became the "Pima" Indians. During the ab- sence of the warriors of the tribe and the women the Apaches had descended from the mountains, killed all the old men and women and carried into captivity the chil- dren. That was the first Apache incursion. The Pimas congregated on the river, and in defence of their lands and their homes they waged frequent and bloody war with She Apaches. Later, when the prose- lyting friars converted any of them to the Catholic faith these latter, who were gathered at the missions and taught the arts of civiliza- tion-agriculture, mining etc., were called "Papagoes" = mean ing belonging to the Pope" It was that which separated them into two tribes.
 The Maricopas are another tribe entirely distinct in language and many of their customs. MT. Smith
Omaha daily bee., 1910-04-17

and spreads a gas. so that there is very
little of 1t in any one place, That the
comets gases should collide with the
hydrogen in our upper air and ignite it, is
an apprehension based on a false assump-
ton. There is no such layer. on account
of the diffusion just mentioned. In addi-
ton. our winds help to spread the gases.
Nor can the comet raise tides on the
earth. The mass of a comet is not known,
but we do know that it is less than one
millionth OF the earth's. AS our moon is
one-eightieth as large as the earth, we see
how small the comets influence can be, as
we know that the moons tides are benc-
fetal rather than harmful. Then, again,
such an effect ~diminishes as the square Of
the distance. AS our least distance from
the comet will be about 100000 miles, or
about fifty times the moons distance, the
effect is again reduced $500 times.
Lastly, for the consolation of the timor-
Gus, Providence has given Halley's comet
a r~etrograde motion. 1t is one out of three
or four out of the many hundred comets
that have such a retrograde motion, as all
the rest move direct--that is, in the direc-
ton of the earth and OF all the planets.
Hence, as the earth moves eighteen miles a
second one way, and the tail twenty-five
miles the other way. we meet with the sum
of the speed-that is. forty-three miles a
second. We are in the tail. therefore,, for
the least possible time. about one hour
only. Whereas, in a solar eclipse, the sun,
the moon and the earth's surface, all move
in the same direction, and thus prolong our
view OF the grand spectacle.
WILLIAM f. RIGGE.
Omaha daily bee., 1910-04-17

gether IN the direction Of the arrow with
out changing their relative positions. so
that IL one looks at the sky before $3.50 a.
m. the comet will be a little lower down
to the left. At about 5 o'clock, or perhaps
sooner, twilight may become so strong as
to blot out the comet. The sun rises at 5:4s.
The diagram is made for tomorrow morn
ing, Monday, April Is, but will serve well
enough for a week IL we make the allow
ance mentioned above that all the stars
will occupy the given positions four min
utes sooner on each succeeding day.
A small telescope may at first be neces-
sary to pick up the comet. but even this
may probably be dispensed with toward
the end of the week, IL not at once. On
the morning Of Wednesday the comet win
have passed periheiion, or it's nearest point
to the sun, and should, theoretically, de-
velop the longest tail, but this will not
appear longest to us at the time on account
of its distance. On May 20 the tail will be
the longest.
Let me take the opportunity to repudiate
any sinister representations tina I have
been reported to nave made concerning our
passage through the tail of Halley's comet
on the night of May IS. The earth has
passed through the tail of a comet twice
to our knowledge. but this knowledge was
obtained only afterwards by, calculation, a
fact which proves how harmless the pas
sage was. This is the first time in the
history of the world that we know such an
event in advance.
Astronomers are intensely interested in
it on that account, and they~have planned
Omaha daily bee., 1910-04-17
BRIEF CITY NEWS

Havo Root Print ~.
swOboda-csrtified Public Accountant
lighting RiHtures-Burgeas aranden Go.
laBO-uationai Life Insurance. Co-l91o
Charles Z. Ady. General Agent. Omaha.
store Your zine Pura in moth proof
aults. Nominal cost. Shukerts. 40 & Harry
Home Loans 60 Home Makers makes
rent money work for the family. Ne
braska Savings and Loan Assn will show
you. LOG Board OF Trade Bldg, Omaha.
Smith Case 20 Jury "A jury has the
case Of Joseph l.. Smith, sometimes known
as Young. Smith has been on trial In dis
trict court charged with assault.
Tn Savings Eabit once formed leads to
Independence One dollar starts an ac-
count with Nebraska Savings and Loan
Assn, log Board of Trade Bldg, Omaha.
County Judge Home Monday - County
Judge Leslie, according to a letter from
him mailed at San Francisco, win be homo
Monday. His trip to California will have
been a short one, for he left only ten day.
ago.
y. p. Smith Reoovered-E. p. Smith
the attorney, is back at work after 9
weeks illness with appendicitis. Favorable
reports come from Wise Memorial hospita
concerning Frank w. BandIe, county re
corder Of deeds.
Omaha FIRM Gets indian Contract
Word has been received by the Omaha
Commercial club that the Richardson Drul
mpan has been awarded a contract call
ing for $4,000 worth OF medical supplies e
be delivered at the Indian warehouse a
Omaha. The bids were opened In Wash.
ington on March %.
Omaha daily bee., 1910-04-17
INDIAN DEEDS HorDnTHE JURY
Federal InquisitOrs stin Grinding
Away over Fraudulent Leases
Exacted from Omahas.

The federal grand jury is still grinding
on the fraudulent Omaha Indian deed and
lease sales, and will probably continue it's
Investigations over Monday. A host Of
witnesses has already been examined, and
the indications are that from three to
half a dozen indictments will be returned.
Most Of the Indian witnesses nave COM
.pleted their testimony. which has been sub
stantiated by a large number of white wit
nesses. There remain a dozen or more wit
nesses to be examined.
The testimony thus far evolved before
the grand jury corroborates the complaint
OF the Indians that they were mercilessly
swihdled in being persuaded through their
ignorance and inexperience into signing
deeds transferring their heirship lands and
trustee allotment M to SPECTATORS when
patents were issued them for the lands at
the expiration OF the twenty-five years
government trusteeship in July of last
year.
In most cases the Indians supposed, and
were even told that the papers thew were
signing were merely leases and not deeds,
but since their patents nave been granted
they find that they rave signed away their
lands and are without apparent recourse
to recover. except that it ma be shown
that they have been the victims of an in
famous conspiracy, and that these fraudu-
lent deeds may be set aside
The spectators are making a brisk fight
and their representatives have been no
ticed in the corridors Of the federal build
Ing.
Omaha daily bee., 1910-04-17
Decorum
I~ndecorous Man
But Heap Big Red Chief May Get
Out Of County Jail on Ha-
beas Corpus.

John Decorum did not, alas, live up to his
name. He was a trifle shifty in marital
relations, SO tits said, and married a new
wife while the old one was still alive and
undivorced. Wherefore he went to jail.
Likewise John Tebo. also of the winnebago
tribe Of Indians, had domestic trouble OF a
sort and likewise landed in jail on a similar
four-month sentence.
Friends of the Indians have now begun
measures to free them and are seemingly
in a fair way TO succeed. The two red men
are In the county Jail here because Thurs
ton county, where they were sentenced. has
not a jail OF It's own.
writs OF habeas corpus have been sued
out I'm district court here against Sheriff
Bradley on the ground that the county
Judge OF Thurston county lacked jurisdlc-
ton to hear the proceedings,
Criminal processes in which the charge
involves on conviction punishment OF a
year or more must be brought in district
court and not in county court:
The two men were sentenced by County
Judge Frank Flynn OF fhurston county to
-four months In jail. II the point raised
about Jurisdiction Of the county judge is
correct the Indians win escape further legal
annoyance, because they have already once
been placed in jeopardy.
Omaha daily bee., 1910-04-17
BUD LATTA'S HORSE CASE
GOES TO HIGHEST COURT
VIII Test Right of shipper to Re-
cover Full Amount Following
differentiation by Self.

Second trial Of the suit of Bud r. Latta
of Tekamah against the Chicago, St. Paul.
Minneapolis & Omaha Railroad company,
was started in the United States circuit
court Saturday morning and disposed Of
after about a fifteen minute hearing.
Latta brought suit against the. railroad
company two years ago for the loss Of a
valuable trotting horse, which was burned
to death in a freight car, while in transit
to st. Paul. claiming damages for $4,000.
The hearing resulted in a verdict for Latta
for $500, the named value of the horse, as
il appeared that in turning the horse over
to the railroad company for shipment he
placed but a nominal value on the animal.
An appeal was taken from the verdict of
the lower court and the judgment was re-
versed and a new trial ordered. 1t is this
new trial thai was disposed OF this morn
ming. An agreement was reached by the
plaintiffs and defendants that the jury
should assess damages in favor of Latta
for SS,5Ss for the loss Of the horse, but that
the final determination OF the case should
be left with the supreme court Of the
United States 20 determine between the
question Of the intrinsic value of an animal
injured or killed in transit. and the fanciful
value OF the animal. based upon its money
earning qualifications, as in the case of
a race horse.
The purpose of carrying the case to the
supreme court is to determine the question
Of value of animals, and whether a shipper
fixing the value of the animal at one figure
to get the advantage of a lower rate OF
freight. can recover a ~fanciful valuation
in case Of destruction of the animal. even
though It be shown that the animal has
been greatly u~ndervalued for shipping and
freight rate purposes.
Omaha daily bee., 1910-04-17
UNIVERSITY OF OMAHA
WINS BELLEVUE DEBATE
Trio of Freshmen Garry Day with
Argument in Behalf OF COmmis-
sion Government.

Freshmen OF the University Of Omaha de-
feated the freshmen team OF Bellevue col
lego Friday night in a debate upon the
question OF adopting the commission plan
OF government in American cities. The
winning trio had the affirmative side Of
tho question and Bellevue college the neg
alive.
GLADYS Solomon, Stanton Salisbury and
Harry Jerome represented the University
OF Omaha, Will +. r. Newman. r. -
Cady and p. c. Kamansktspoke for Belle
vue. The judges were Judge Lee Estelle. c.
@. Mcdonald and H. c.. Bronze. The debate
was held at the United Presbyterian church.
Twenty-firEt and Emmet streets.
The exercises we're opened by a piano
solo by Miss Elizabeth Anderson, and
closed with a vocal solo by Arthur Nc
Chung. A. r. Wells presided as chairman
Of tho debate. The Judges decision was
two votes for the affirmative and one for
the negative, giving the debate to the Uni
versity OF Omaha.
Omaha daily bee., 1910-04-17

all kinds Of observations. Not a single
astronomer OF note apprehends the least
harmful effect.
It Is said by some that the tail contains
cyenogen gas, a most deadly poison. First
OF all, this gas Is seen only in the spectre
scope, and we know that this instrument
often seriously misrepresents the amount
Of gas present, because some gases give
a spectrum much more readily and con-
spicuously than others. and out Of all pro-
portion to their amounts. Secondly, the
comets tail is enormously bulky, so that
the gas is much rarer than any vacuum
we can produce on earth. / am sure our
city smelling works pour millions OF times
as much -proisonous gas into our atmo-
sphere as the comet win. and who knows
from the odor that we nave such works at
all?
Thirdly, there is the law Of the diffusion
Of gases, ; which very quickly dissipsSes
Omaha daily bee., 1910-04-17

Society Given Emblem TO Replace One
Presented in TaFner Hall Thirty
Eight Years

A new Danish flag was presented Friday
evening 10 the Danish society Of Omaha by
the women OF that nationality. The first
presentation OF a flag by Danish women
took place in old Turner hall on Tenth
street in 1879. and on Friday evening sew
erai men and women were present who at
tended the first presentation.
John Mathiesen, the oldest living member
OF the society, received the new flag. and
in thanking the donors recalled the fact
that a new generation had grown up since
he assisted in a similar function. He
thanked the women In a happy little speech,
full OF "reminiscences
city Electrician Michaelsen also made a
brief speech. as did r. Toftman Frederic
sen, editor OF the Danish Pioneer news
paper. Then the women ~unpacked a palat-
able collection OF things to eat and an old
fashioned reunion was held.
Omaha daily bee., 1910-04-17

he comet may now come into
view to the unaided eye almost
any morning. 1t will be easy
to find II we study the annexed
diagram. This represents the
eastern sky az about A.20 a. m.
Omaha daily bee., 1910-04-17
Girls TO Serve
on Dining Cars
Northwestern's Experiment May
Cause Displacement of Negro
Walters for Whole System,

Girl mattresses may ~supplant the colored
men on through dining cars on the Chicago
& Northwestern railroad. Superintendent
r. r. Matters Of the dining car service, has
a shortage Of good men walters and
after trying out a few girls he finds the
experiment successful.
AS the road does not maintain n diners
west OF the Missouri river the travellers
west from Omaha will not have a chance
to be served by girl Mattresses. The first
waitress on q diner was Mrs. ]. GARNER,
wife OF a colored employe running from
Omaha to Chicago. h refused to be
separated from her husband and was
allowed to wait upon one OF the tables in
the dining car. Her work was so successful
that superintendent Matters hired other
girls and stil more are to be secured.
Omaha daily bee., 1910-04-17
PARK SCHOOL OPENS
New Building TO ne Ready for Oe-
cupaney MOnday-Pupiia Meet
at OLD Place.

The new Miller Park school is to be
opened Monday, for the first time. The
opening Of this building will greatly re-
nsve some sof the other schools In that
section OF the city, as well as providing
for many children in the neighhorhood who
now are compelled 70 travel a considerable
distance 10 attend sehool sessions.
superintendent Davidson desires that
parents living IN the Miller Park district
viii instruct their children 20 proceed to
the schools they a been attending. as
usual on Monday morning. From these
buildings the principals VIII send to Miller
school the pupils wso are to attend
there hereafter. No child should be sent
direct 70 the Miller Park school, because
II they are they viii have to make the trip
to the other schools they have been at
tending and back again
Omaha daily bee., 1910-04-17
HOME FAT REBUeER
works Rapidly ana aasOly=1eairos no
Increasing and Allows Xon 20 Eat
what You LIkS-0at This Out

For the benefit OF those who wish to re-
duce their flesh quickly n safely. we
VIII give the receipt n directions In fun
Tor q simple household remedy that can
drug store; y ounce Marmoia, h unc
tfuld Extract Cascara Aromatic q Sh
ounces Peppermint Water. All three are
care 20 get an unbroken package 80 that
you set Marmola and not a substitute.
When you get home mix the three to-
gether BY shaking them together in q
large bottle and take one teaspoonful az
ter each meal and at bedtime.
Fellow these diSoctions and you will
have the best fat reducer IA money can
buy. IT will take off the flesh AZ the rate
OF At least two pounds a week without
disarrAnginE the tomac or causing
wrinkles. while, best OF all. no exercising
or dieting As required 70 help Il out You
can get roSultaNnd AZ the same time take
thinFs easy ard eat what you like-as
such ~ you like-and whenever you like