davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-06-08

Connects with NJ 8 xConuec.s with
6 P oConnectS with e p & g W
George A WaEstaF. SuDerirtendens
For other advertisements see "Too
Late to Classify" columns.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-06-08

50 REWARD for return of Henry Mar
tin razor taken from Hotel Francis
Phone 99S
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-06-08

For other advertisements see "Too
Late to Classify" columns
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-06-08
For Sale or Rent.


FOR SALE furnished homes, 4 lots
each, or will sell UNFINISHED, or will
rent both or one of these properties
also several vacant lots, corners, be-
long to me- and I'll take diamonds,
cash, monthly payments and vendor
lien notes. Napp, 327 Erie st. Bell
phone 1888.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-06-08
Special Notices.

SPECIAL NOTICE-Before leaving
town sell your furniture for a good
price to the FL Paso store. 400 Ell Paso
St Bell 3491; Auto. 2491.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-06-08
WANTED.

WANTED-Girl for general housework-
Bell phcae 1892.
WANTED-A cook, woman preferred.
<2ol Z. Nevada
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-06-08

Cattle, Hogs, Etc.
FOR SALE-One fine Jersey cow. Bell
phone 2315-
REGISTERED POLAND CHINA HOGS.
A few choice boar pigs from prize win
ming sows, priced to go. Sam Little,
Hagerman. \. NJ
FOR SALE fine fresh Jersey cows;
very cheap; leaving city. Postoffice
box 1921
BUNCH STOCK CATTLE FOR SALE
and jack Write G. W. Hawkins, ALA
more Tex.
LIVESTOCK FOR SALE.
1000 each, 1, 2. and year old steers.
300 to 1900 cows.
800 to 1000 stock cattle.
Registered and thoroughbred bulls
for sale; also horses and mules.
We buy and sell all kinds OF live
stock.
PITMAN LIVESTOCK co.
223 Trust Building. Auto Phone 2065
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-06-08
Wanted-To Exchange.
Wanted-M Miscellaneous.

w QIIJOU"1 f11OCCIIdIICUU0 s
Northumberland for nice large
airy room, separate beds, with board,
very reasonable. SIS n FL Paso
WANTED-HOme for young healthy
baby boy. Write or apply 1902 Texas
WANTED-Patients, trained nurses
1902 Texas.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1910-02-04

very largely inio the construction III
4 parts Of the state
Oklahoma has inexhaustlble depos'
It's Of Portland cement rock near vast
deposits OF coal oil and gas. Thefe
are six widely separated regions
Nhe limestone occurs IN quantity
there are many places where q mn
occupying Il number of square mites
Is capped with ledge OF limestone
beneath which is a bed Of shae, az
within few miles OF The fuel. An
that IS necessary is to dig down inc
nil and grind It UP
At the present time there are TWO
Portland cement mills in operation
one located al Dewey, near the Kan
sas line. and the other at Ada, in the
southeastern central part OF the
state.
Glass saaa, so far as discovered
occurs in three regions, nancy:
Nea. 'fahlequah in the Arbuckle
mountains, and north of the Red
river, in the southern part In mary
places in the Arhuckle mountains
the sand stone oatcrops near the rall-
road. In this region there a.e three
iedgss Of sand stcne, all OF which
VIII make good glass The Oklahoma
glass sand is as pure as any ~ w.
country, and much nearer to fue.
than the Illinois sand.
Tripcl, which is used chiefly for
making filters, is found in consider
able quantities In Northeastern OR
lahoma, and It is thought that other
workable deposits will be found. Th2
center of The tripoli indust Y is across
( the state lire att Seneca, Mo. me
I value Of the output of The mills ~
( this place is about S54,000 a year
/ deposits of iron ore have been re-
I ported from various parts OF the
/ SKATE, worked with profit.
Volcanic ash. which is used ter FOL
+ 'shlng powder, is found III Western
Oklahoma.
With this ifemenodGs ar ay O.
( mineral wealth lying dormant N hf
hills. very little has been dsve oped
With enoagh salt water going e
waste 10 make, one hundred carloads
of sal per daY. Oklahoma Imports
from Kansas. Michigan ard indian
an the salt she uses Win lme
| stone enough TO burn all the lim'
used IN the world for the next ter
thousand years oklahoma is not pro
ducine barrel Of commercial lime
With mountains sixty miles long an'
one thousara ct high OF as fin
granite as shines upon, ih'
monuments ol JSlahoma's ccmeierie
are ot Scotch, Italian and Scandlna
van granite. With limestone 4
good as any in the United States, On
lahom1 imports The greater part c
her beild.ng stone from indiana an
Missouri With clay as good as IN
Ohio and New Jersey e,ay and ineS
hqustlbic amounts Of fuel for its man
nfaciure. Oklahoma gets her presse
b ick. tile and pottery from Nilsson. /
With a population OF approximate
100000 active. and industrious an
energetic people all Intent upon d.
velnaing the country and bulldlni
permanent homes, the demand 10
structural material must increase
The raw material Is here. The fuel
here the industries must ineyl'sDi
come
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1910-02-04
TODAY IN THE
DEPARTMENTS.

State charters were issued today as
follows.
The WainMght Lumber company
of Oklahoma City with $4,000 capi-
tai stock. The incorporates are:
George G Sohlberg and w. II Vain
wright of Oklahoma City, and j. G..
Wepfer Of Wnina, La.
Pleasant Hill Methodist church OF
independence, with the following
trustees: NJ. A. Bates, r. A. Allen
n. A. Taylor, A. W. Brown and J.
s. Fe guson, al Of Independence.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1910-02-04
VlRRin{a AN EASY MARK


Cincinnati o., Feb. 3.-Charles l..
Warmer tcday testified under oath
that f ank D. Comstock, his prede-
ccssor as LEGAL treasurer of the Big
Four railroad was short $1,000 when
Warmer succeeded him.
u assumed that shortage as part OF
nly own" said Warmer
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1910-02-04

DO you know thar Group can be
prevented? Give Chamberlain
Cough Remedy as soon as the child
becomes hoarse or even after the
croupy cough appears and it will pre-
vent the attack. 1t is. also certain
cure for Group and has never been
known to fail Sold by all dealers.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1910-02-04
FINAL APPEAL FOR NEW TRIAL MRS. BR0xAH GETS DIVORCE
(By Associated press.l

New York, Feb. 3--Mrs. Mary Bro
llaw was today anted separation
from her husband, w. Could Brokaw
millionaire, and awarded alimony OF
fifteen Thousand dollars annually. The
decision was handed down by the su
pieme court at Mineola The scpara
iion was granted on the ground of de
sertion.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1910-02-04
Sore Lungs and Raw Lungs.

Mos people know TIC feeling, and
the miserable state OF i'll health it
indicates. All peopls should know
that Foley's Honey and Tar, he
greatest throat and lung remedy, Will
quickly cure the soreness and cough
and restore a normal condition. Ask
for ifoley's Honey and Tar. j. n.
Wallace.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1910-02-04
OWENS BILL FOR GIFT

Washington. d. c., Feb. 4,--sen-
atcr Owen has Introduced a bill pro
viding fer the gift by the Federal
government TO Oklahoma for an in
sane asylum of the land and build
ings of the Chilocco Indian school,
which are to be abandoned.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1910-02-04
A LINTMENT FOR EXTERNAL USE.
FATALLY HURT IN FALL.

Oklahoma City, Okla. Feb n
IN y Eeli, carpenter fell fifteen
feet down an elevator shaft in a sior-
are hc'isp and received concussion
OF The brain and other Injuries, as a
result Of which he will likely die.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1910-02-04
TWO HURT IN RUNAWAY

SPECIAL to Daily Leader.
4Nclhad.. okla. Feb. 4 ~ AoleaNi
diiixon by Warren Noriss ran -aw.aaS,
U45aliing The buggy and throwhgthe
occupants, Norris and tiueh Hood, 10
the street Noriss was moi sM i9nsly
hult Heed received q disl9ca.ed
shoulder and other bruises.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1910-02-04
lRv Associatnn pressl

Nashville, Tenn, Feb. 3.-Final ap-
peal for a motion for a new t.ial was
made before the supreme court today
by General Luke f. Wright in behalf
of Colonel aud Robin Cooper, convict
ed Of the murder Of former United
Siates Senator Carmack and sentenc-
ed to penal servitude for twenty years
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1910-02-04
A few minutes delay in treating

A few minutes delay In treating
some cases of Group, even The length
OF time it takes to go for a doctor
often proves dangerous. The safest
way is to kepe Chamberlain Cough
Remedy in the house, and at the first
Indication of Group give the child a
dose. Pleasant to take and always
cures. Sold by all dealers.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1910-02-04
Read TINS.

Hutchinson, Kas. After trying
doctors and different medicines for
kidney, bladder and rheumatic trou'
BILE Halls Texas Wonder cured me-
Il Is the best medicine on earth
Waiter f.. Perry, 20 s. Mais street.
Sold by All druggists
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1910-02-04

The following were appointed re-
gents or the state university to
ssrve fer four years: w. T. Rowsey
CT Muskogee, n L. Linebangh o.
Oklahuma City, Dr.. Matt Gosdon Of
weatAerlcld aLa 9. G. I-teae.t q
Durant.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1910-02-04
(By Associated press.)

Frankfort, Ky, Feb. 3.-The tenth
anniversary of the death of VIM. Goe.
bel, central figure in one of the most
stirring chapters in the latter days
OF Kentucky's history, was observed
today by the unveiling of bronze
and marble monument in the state
cemetery today.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1910-02-04

An attack Of the grip is often fol
lowed by a persistent cough, which
to many proves a great annoyance.
Chamberlain's Cough Remedy has
been extensively used and with good
success for the relief and cure of this
cough. Many cases have been cured
efte- all other remedies had failed.
Sold by all dealers.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1910-02-04

Our store will not open for bust
ness tomorrow morning till 8 O'Clock
On account Of special sale at thai
hour. ST. Louis Racket.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1910-02-04

waste 10 MAKE .lul .EsIlVshllS~~ll lls NV
per day ''s-.-e
Lead and zinc are he only metals
that are being mined in Oklahoma
with profit ar the present time The
amognt of these metals IL not known,
but IL is possible that ii Is nearly as
great as in Missouri and Arkansas.
The present known workable deposits
are all included In Ottawa county in
the northeastern corner Of the state.
The ores are easily mined and only
the most simple methods are en-
Dloyed in raising and separating them
RON the gangau minerals.
There has not been enough devcl-
opmeni or prospect work IN the field
district 10 give any idea Of the
amount Of ore in the field, but it is
thought that better ore will be found
below the level Of the bssent work
ngs. Lead and zinc are also rerort-
ed from The Arbuckle mountains.
CLAY and shale are found in all
paffs OF Oklahoma and in mos
places the quality is such that they
may be used for brick and other ordi-
nary clay products in which the red
calcr Is not objectionable. Through
ouf the western pat Of the state
there IS n large amount Of red clay
shaIt. which is utilized for making
pressed brick. plants having been es-
tahlished at Oklahoma Cily. Chandler.
Guthrie. Purcell Chickasha, FL Reno,
Kingfsher, Enid Alya. Geary, Man
gum, Gotebo and Hobart
In the eastern and northeastern
parts OF Oklahoma the clay and shale
Is usually gray, yellow, or drab in
color. and is suitable for the manu-
sacture OF pressed brick, stiff mud
b ck. rile, hollow ware ard certain
ggades Of pottery. Pressed brick
plants have been established al Bar
;losville. Ramona. Ochelata, Tulsa.
Red Ferk Sapulpa, Cleveland, Ok
mulgeo and McAlester. This IS the
fuel region Of Oklahoma Fire clay is
found beneath coal veins and The 9x-
tcnsive n ca underlaid by the clay
warrants tho belief that the amount
IL practically inexhaustibie. Al llic
nresc, time none Of the cay Is bs-
ing utilized
within the pcyi decade there viii
be an immense LOT Of construction
work IN Oklahoma With statehood
great impetus has been given to
all kinds of development. There viii
not only be all sor 5 of residences
and business houses bui {, but great
many public buildings as well. sucl
as schools asylnms. penitcntiaries
etc. II Is true that many Of these
structures will be erected Of bici
and stone, but there can be no doub
ba, that Portland cement will enter
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1910-02-04
MINERAL WEALTH
[continned from paee 81

fat surface of the plain While the
water is crystal, it contains 40 per
cent Of salt
Salt has been manufactured al va
rious times on all Of the salt plains
Of Oklahoma, but no considerable
amount Of capital has been invested
In a number of places primitive meth
ods have been used in manufacturing
salt. The Oklahoma Salt company
has erected a plant with a capacity
of 450 barrels per twenty-fouf hours
at Ferguson II is estimated that
there Is enough salt water going II
waste 10 make 100 .carloads--ot $tlt
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1910-06-21
ICE FACTORY
STARTS UP
Hattiesburg Ice and Coal Co..
Therefore Announces Summer
Prices on Ice.
To the Public:

To the Public:
We have at last been able to start
our factory and this warm weather
has so largely increased the demand
for ice that We will be able to run
full time We will therefore be able
to make ice cheaper and will give our
customers the benefit. Beginning Sun
day, June 10Th, we will therefrom
make to retail trade, in quantities OF
800 pounds or less, a price of 40 cents
per hundred; 300 pounds and up to
one ton, 80 cents; ton lots, % cents.
Remember our ice is made of doub-
ly distilled artesian water and is pure.
This is a home company. We have a
large pay roll and buy our supplies at
home. The money you spend with us,
therefore, stays at home in the chan
nels of home trade. We operate the
year round-the winter months at a
loss-to give you pure ice and regular
service. Our wagons are supplied
with correct scales and the people
should insist on getting correct
weights. We appreciate your past
liberal patronage and solicit a con
tinuance of you favor.
1S-6t Hattiesburg Ice & Coal CO.
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1910-06-21
TIE Important
Problem

confronting anyone in need of laxa-
tive is not a question of a single &C.
ton only, but of permanently benc-
i->.al effects, which will follow proper
efforts to live in a healthful way, with
the assistance of Syrup of Figs and
Elixir of SIENNA, whenever it is re-
quired, IS it cleanses the system
gently yet promptly, without irritation
and will therefore always have the
preference of all who wish the best Of
family laxatives.
The combination has the approval
of physicians because it is known to
be truly beneficial, and because it has
given satisfaction to the millions Of
well-informed families who have used
it for many years past.
To get its beneficial effects, always
buy the genuine manufactured by the
California Fig Syrup Co. only.
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1910-06-21
Novelty or Usefulness?

What do people want? A complex
mechanism to marvel over? or sim
pie, reliable one, easy of operation?
Wonderful watches are made with
split second hands and chimes to ring
out in tuneful melody the hour and
the half-hour, and some of these watch
es contain dials, showing the months
and days in the year. But what kind
of watch do you use? For reliability,
simplicity and completeness, use our
service. Cumberland Telephone and
Telegraph Company.
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1910-06-21
CHARLTON CAUSING
HAVOC IN PARISH
Disease Spreading In Calcasieu and
the Burning of Dead Animals
Has Not Checked it.

Special to The Ne1os.
Lake Charles, La, June 21.-Dam-
age to the extent of $4,000 is said to
have already been caused by Charlton
epidemic in the parish, and the dis
ease is said to be spreading. With
the advent of warm weather it is said
the trouble is becoming more serious.
and so far the burning of the dead
bodies of the affected stock has had
little effect on stopping the spread OF
the disease. There is no cure, once
a horse or COW becomes afflicted the
disease is quickly communicated to
the rest of the herd.
Conditions are said to be worse il
the vicinity of Welsh, and it is said
that stockmen in Cameron parish
where it is also in evidence, are ship
ping their stock out of the parish to
prevent infection.
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1910-06-21

Smith, Paul B. Johnson, R. A. Bell,
B. P. Harrison of Gulfport, Mr.. and
Mrs. w. F. Cook, DR.. and Mrs. w. w.
Crawford, William Hamilton Craw-
ford, Mrs. L. M. Eaton, A. V. Hayes,
A. F. McInnis, Miss Annie fairfield,
George Saulden, George w. Currie,
Hans Whittjan.
Moonlight Picnic at Hamper Park.
The Christian Endeavor of Bay
Street Presbyterian church enjoyed a
delightful moonlight picnic Monday
evening at Hamper Park. The merry
crowd of young people were chap
eroned by Rev. and Mrs. R. L. Camp
bell
Concert This Evening.
The Philathea and Baraca Glasses
of First Baptist church will give q
sacred concert this evening at the
church at eight o'clock.
The program to be rendered is as
follows:
Selection-By Orchestra.
Reading-Miss Ethel Polk.
instrumental Solo-Miss Mable Mix
on.
Chorus--Baraca boys.
Vocal Solo-Miss Lucille Sweat.
Instrumental Solo-Miss Ruth Neel
Vocal Solo-Miss Emma Reynold
and brothers.
Reading-Miss Katie L. |. Allen.
Instrumental Solo-Miss Leila Nc
Williams.
Reading-Mrs. w. L. Fulton.
Chorus-Baracca boys.
Instrumental Solo-Miss Lucille
Hightower.
Quartette-Misses Lucille Sweat
Lucille Hightower, Bertha Trotter ant
Annie Lou Thompson.
Selection-Orchestr
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1910-06-21
both PHONES IS
Social and Personal
L. /. ALLEN

Miss Elma Powe has returned from
visit to two college mates, Misses
Grace Evans and Leland Reid, in
Houston, Miss.
Little Misses Pauline Powe and
Willery Jackson left this morning to
visit their uncle and aunt, Mr.. and
Mrs. John Powe, in Poplarville.
I: s ::
Misses Helena Murphy and Irene
King are expected home from Chat
ava, where they have been at
tending st. Mary's Institute.
:. :. :.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. Hampton Miner,
of Collins spent few days last week
with the formers parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. C. A. Miner on River avenue.
The Woman's Club will meet Wed
nesday afternoon at o'clock with
Mrs. ]. S. Turner, on Main street. All
members are urged to be present and
on time.
Mrs. G. R. Moore, who has been
spending the past month with her
son-in-law and daughter, Mr.. and Mrs.
A. ]. Harris, has returned to her home
in Jackson.
Miss Rebacca Hamper, who has been
in Meridian with her grandparents.
Mr. and Mrs. John Hamper, attending
Moffett- McLaurin Institute, has re.
turned home to spend the summer.
:. I. {.
Mrs. ]. w. Roberts and daughter
Mrs. Oscar Bennett, and little son
Maurice, left Tuesday for an extend
ed visit to relatives in and around
Mobile.
Mrs. T. o. Watkins has as her guest
at her home in Jackson street, Mrs. C
| w. Inman, and Mrs. H. G. Lea and
two children, Edith and Inman, of
Summit.
I. Z. ::
, Mrs. w. A. Gaddis, who has been
the guest of Mrs. E. R. Farrell on
Court street, left today for Laurel, to
| Join her mother and visit relatives
there before returning to her home
in Bolton.
Miss Christine Watkins will return
home Wednesday from Chatawa
where she has been a pupil at st
Mary Institute. Miss Watkins will III
accompanied TO Ne by a SCI colmate
Miss Clara Sreen of Jackson, who will
be her guest Cor some time.
:. (. !:
Among those registered Sunday al
Mammoth Springs were:
Mr.. and Mrs. w. B. Follansbee
Sr.. Mr.. and Mrs. w. B. Follansbee
Jr., Master William Follansbee, L
Explanto, Dan T. Currie, Luther A
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1910-06-21

Chamberlain's Cough Remedy is
sold on a guarantee that if you are
not satisfied after using two-thirds of
a bottle according to directions, your
money will be refunded. 1t is up to
you to try it. Sold by Hays & Field.
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1910-06-21
OF ~ oe3( bonlrupt, and that hear
ing VA = ~ upon - Application
at the on q the e ned refer

ing wi1I - ~ upon - application
at the ofhee q the = ned refer
ee in bankruptcy at ii = l in the
forenoon on the 25th ~ Iune.
1910, and you may after 49, set
ing. If no objections are ls6 - z
filed and overruled, the said HuGkoo,
M. ]. Epley, will offer the foI1oW11
described property for sale at puI4lc
cutlery to the highest and best bid0G
for cash in front of the former place
of business of said bankrupt, at IL
o'clock on the 25th day of June, A. D..
1910, and you may attend and bid
upon same. All the stock of goods,
| furniture and fixtures and other per-
sonal property belonging to said
| bankrupt.
The trustee shall have the right
and power to offer for sale at said
time and place in said manner as
aforesaid any and all other property be-
longing to said bankrupt which may
have been omitted from this notice
or the schedules filed herein. The
trustees shall have the right and pow.
er to refuse any and all bids and
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1910-06-21
*=***=********

1. {. : !. !. {. : :. !. :. !. :. : : : :
:: TWO TELEPHONES? MOI! :
:: The way to avoid having the ::
:. expense and annoyance Of two ::
:. telephones is not to put the Sec I.
: ond one in-on any terms. For !:
!. reliable, simple service that goes I:
!. everywhere, patronize US. Z:
:: CUMBERLAND TELEPHONE & {
:: TELEGRAPH CO. I:
:. 1. 4. !. !. {. t. :. {. + :: = :. I. (. !:
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1910-06-21

In the mat'er Oh Mrs. u NJ oOl Breezes
Bankrupt. :, etc. have
To the Creditors of Mrs. G. KY effort viii
of Hattiesburg, Miss. Ae Knights of
You are hereby notifiedt Southern Ho-
trustee in bankruptcy in i.-Logical points'
entitled estate has filed aion.
ton to be allol ditto sell
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1910-06-21
: ~<~*~~%=~*~~ : = .
TWO TELEPHONES? NOT!

:" TWO TELEPHONES NOT "
: The way to avoid having the .
!. expense and annoyance OF two :
: telephones Is not to put the Sec =
: ond one in--on any terms. For :.
I: reliable, simple service that goes ;
: everywhere, patronize US. =
= CUMBERLAND TELEPHONE & :
= TELEcRAPH co. =