The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-11-26

@~AA0WAAAS PAPNA Oh 1JO4IGSt4S
Science was prepared by Miss Hugina
Mckay, student at the North Dakota
A. c.:
The mission OF the ideal woman is
to make the whole world more home
like" said Frances e. willard, and
those who hope for the lettering of
economic conditions realize that the
home is the most important factor. To
improve the homes not only of the
wealthy and well-to-do, but OF all class
es OF society is a worthy aim and it's
realization must come through the
training OF the homemaker for her du-
ties. The nation needs educated house
wives and this need has brought do
mestic science into the schools
Domestic science aims to prepare
the girl for homemaking by giving her
instruction in the sciences which un-
derlie proper performance of house
hold duties; by training her in skill
full preparation of food; by giving her
knowledge of the human body and it's
needs. 1T teaches her that the dis
eases which cause the greatest NOR
tally are preventable and how to pre-
vent them. She is taught how to care
for the sick when it is Impossible to
get a trained nurse. Some ability in
the making of garments as well as
a nice sense of the relations OF color
and form to the furnishing of a home
is given her.
Conditions are not what they were
half century ago, Before the civil
war the women's place was in the
home and in the main she stayed
there. She took her degree in house
hold administration under her moth
er's tutelage and left the parental roof
only to continue her womanly duties
in q home of her own.
When the great struggle, the civil
war was over conditions were changed.
Many Of the wage earners did not re-
turn to their homes; they remained
upon the battlefield andlin many cases
the women were forced to take up the
burden of providing for themselves
and their children. The splendid train
ing which had been given by mother
to daughter was no longer possible
because in many cases either mother
or daughter was away from home
working.
Immigrants came pouring into the
country in greater numbers each year
and the need of teaching. sewing and
cooking not only to these immigrants,
but to American women and girls as
well, became so evident that in 1874
the first cooking school was opened
in New York city, Miss Maria Parlou
was one of the first teachers of domes-
tic science. s
The Boston cooking school, now part
corporated cooking school. Boston
was the first city to Introduce sewing
and cooking into the public schools,
but Philadelphia, washington and
Providence soon followed. New York
was one of the later cities to intro
duce sewing and cooking into the pub
lie schools In spite of the fact that the
first training school for teachers Of
domestic science and art, now teach
er's college, Columbus university, was
opened in 1888, gs
While the east was the first to start
this practical educational movement,
the west did not lag behind, in some
instances forging ahead until now al
most every college and university in
the west offers work in domestic SCI
ence. 4t ~
The most prominent eastern college
offering work in home economics is
Teachers college of Columbia univer-
sity Two years academic work In
advance of the usual college require
ments are necessary for admission.
The course is two years and leads to a
degree of B. s. A model school is
conducted by the college, especially
for the observation and practice of the
students The domestic science and
art departments are are intended for
advanced students and therefore lack
fundamental ground work in the sci
ences. This is supposed to have been
acquired in the preparatory work. Col
lege, extension courses are also given.
These are for young housekeepers.
Simmons college, Boston, one of the
pioneer schools in this work, is not
connected with any state institution
but grants a degree upon its own au-
thority obtained through charter.
Drexel institute, Philadelphia, Pratt
institute. New York, and the Mechan-
les institute, New York, are technical
schools. They give practical courses
in domestic science and art. A prac-
teal training in sewing food, cook
cry, household management and econ
omics may be had there.
The University of Illinois at Urbana
offers courses in home economies
planned to suit the needs OF
varied classes, first, those who wish to
teach; second, those who wish to spe-
cialize In other lines, but desire a work
ing knowledge of the general princi-
Plies of household science as part Of
their liberal education. and finally
those who wish to specialize in house
hold science. Miss Isabelle Bevier Is
at the head OF this department. A
very interesting experiment Is being
conducted at Urbana. A large house
has been rented and Is divided into
two equal apartments. One Is fitted
up with all modern improvements. The
other In the old way OF our grand
How far it is possible for a
person of liberal means to follow the
first plan instead of the second Is to
be decided by experiments to last one
year. In the first apartment, heating, |
laundry work are done by
gas and electricity The floors are
rugs are used In the other |
coal. wood and coke are used to heat |
The rooms as well as for cooking OIL
amps are used for light, water is
pumped from well and carpets. cover
he floors. The classes in household
science have charge OF the apartments.
An account Ii to be kept OF the ex-
oenses and time consumed in the /
preparation OF meals, and the dis
.harge OF all the, other domestic iii, /