davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Alaska citizen., 1910-08-06
Founding dates of Big Colleges.

The University of Oxford was founded by King Alfred in SIP; the first college of the University of Cambridge was founded by Hugo Bishop of Ely, in 1257; the University of Paris was founded by King Philip II. about 200; the University of the German Empire was at Prague, Bo- hemia, 134S; Trinity College. Dublin, was incorporated by royal charter in 1859; the University of Edinburgh, the youngest in Scotland, was found ed ill 15S2 by a charter by King James ". of Scotland. III years al, ter St. Andrews. the most ancient 1; Yale university had it's beginning at Saybrook, Conn.,, in 100, and was removed to New Haven in 171G, and the William and Mary College was started in 1917. and was chartered at Williamsburg, Va. in 1693.-Ex. change.
The Alaska citizen., 1910-08-06
QUARTZ AT VALDEZ

A remarkable amount of develop ment work is going on in the neigh borh0od of Valdez this season. There are several outfits working within town and some good properties are being opened up.
 The Cliff mine, which appears to be the banner property so far, is doing remarkably well. It is said that the returns from the first years operations have been sufficient to cover the whole initial expenses in connection with the formation of the company. the operating expenses to date and then leave a surplus suf- ficient to pay good dividend on the capital invested
 At the head of Landlock Bay. S A. Temple has very good copper property. A crossCut on this ground went through ore ten feet thick without getting out of it. It has also been found that the ore i'm proves in quality as the depth in creases, the rock at the 600 foot level being richer than that nearer the surface. Several drifts have been run from the main tunnel, and development is proceeding as rapid ly as conditions will permit.
The Alaska citizen., 1910-08-06
NOME MAN WRITES
 OF |D|TAROD

Bill Hereford. who left here last Fall with the now famous Oscar Margraf telephone line, that never materialized. is at present on Otter creek. in the Iditarod country. and his opinion of the camp is tersely ex- pressed in the short expression that it is "on the bum" He declares that he has never seen anything like il. IL is hot air from beginning to end and many of the famous dumps which were to go fabulously rich cleaned up very far from satisfac. torily.
 The boats have been up as far as Otter creek but the water has gone down since considerably, and Otter creek cannot now be reached by the regular boats, many of which are stranded on bars. Teams are at present haulinng freight from Iditarod City. which is only 12 miles up from Discovery. Otter, by land. but g miles by river
 Most of the dumps, which were said in some cases to average s25 to the foot, went but 50 cents to $50, a very disappointing result.
 There are boilers and all kinds of machinery at the mouth of Otter creek, but it will take all of this summer and most of next winter to haul it to the various claims for which it has come. Polling boats are running all the time up the river, but they handle little freight Lars Moe and Harry Inglestead built two scows during the winter, but have not made trip with them yet.
 Prices are terribly high. and in many cases altogether out of the question. Wages are one dollar an hour, but as you board yourself and pay $1.50 a meal and $1 per bed, it only leaves about $4 for the wage worker
 Here is price list compiled by Hereford: Cum boots, SIS; gum shoes. $9; overalls, $25o; jumpers, $2.50; siwash hats, BIO; potatoes, per crate, $35; petrified spuds, 4o cents per pound; paralyzed milk, 90 cents per can; tomatoes. 70 cents a can; flour, per loo pounds. $25. and everything else in proportion.
 John Perano is in Iditarod City, as also is Hans Hansen, who worked with Bill Hereford on the telephone line. Hansen has been engaged with
The Alaska citizen., 1910-08-06
DAWSON IS 4 GOOD TOWN

\ recent arrival from Dawson says that the amount of development go ing on in the neighborhood of that town is something surprising. All around are evidences of progress and permanency and most of the traders seem satisfied with the outlook for the camp.
 Dredgers and hydraulicking plants are becoming numerous. and next season will see great advance in this direction. The Yukon Gold Dredging Company are constantly increasing their plant and enlargine the field of their operations.
 The output for this season is eX pected to be between five and six millions
The Alaska citizen., 1910-08-06

Ever since the idea of government first soaked into the heads of man
 kind there has been a class styling i themselves the better element"
 who have assumed to act as guard ians for the rest of us. This better element after a while became kings and queens and royal families with
 high mixture of idiots and degen- crates. They never made a success of any kind of government, and the only political progress that has ever been made was when the common people stepped in and managed the governing business.
 Prior to the establishing of the American independence, George Washington was never invited to a pink tea party by any member of the better element Nor were any of
 the other heroes. The men who pro
 duced that change in American af- fairs were common scrubs, just like you and l. The better element" all belonged to the tory class. Every
 one of them. It was the better
 element that opposed Lincoln; and
 the flag end of that atrophied ele-
 ment is making it's pink tea stand in
 Alaska today in opposition to a fair form of government by all the people.
 As authority on neckties and the 1 hoochie-koochie dance movements the
 better element has attained dis tinction; but not one of them has
 figured as emancipators in the great
 affairs of life. As a matter of fact there is no better element as dis
 tinctive class. Those who think
 themselves so, do but dream A
 coterie of people possessing like
 tastes or who are upon a uniform
 plane of mentality may associate to- l gether and evolve the belief that
 they are a better element, but that
 comes from lack of diversity in
 thought-narrow thinking always pro
 duces self-love and vanity. Ultimate.
The Alaska citizen., 1910-08-06
Glacier Covers Alaska Town.

Kodiak is more or less excited be- cause prospector named Glacier has located a mining claim which scoops in the main part of the town. Glaciers action warmed up the town at the start and some of the folks haven't cooled off yet. Many busi- ness houses and residences stand on the ground where Glacier has moved in and threatens to freeze them out.
 Part of this land is held by vest. ed titles from the Russian govern ment, which of course are good Others are mere squatters' right though of long standing. Whether a Glacier in action can put squatter off the map is an issue that is wor rying lot of people in Kodiak.
The Alaska citizen., 1910-08-06

| latiOns must be by joint agreement. dictated solely by the object of pre- serving the fisheries. Connected | with this is the third question whether inhabitants of the United States are required to report at the custom houses, pay light or other duties. or be subject to any similar regulations? Newfoundland contends that. for the maintenance of her rights of sovereignty, the prevention of smuggling. and the carrying out
 of ordinary jurisdictional powers.
 she is entitled to require that yes sels of every nationality entering her
 waters must report at custom hous- es, and, as they participate in the
 benefits of her lighthouses and other services, must pay light, harbor and similar dues, whereas the United States maintains that American fish ing vessels are under no such obli- gations
 The fourth question is as to where the three marine miles of the coasts. bays, creeks. or harbors mentioned in the Treaty are to be measured from. This raises the whole head land question. Great Britain main tains that territorial jurisdiction ex. tends seaward for three miles from q line drawn from the Outer baad lands. no matter how wide the bay that is inclosed may be-in bygone days American fishing vessels were seized for fishing in the Bay of Fundy, which is 60 miles across.
 The United States on the other hand, maintains that the three-mile limit should follow the sinuosities of the coast. The fifth question in vOlved is whether Americans have the right to take fish ill the bays. harbors and creeks of Newfoundland and the Magdalen Islands, as they admittedly have on the coast of Labrador. Newfoundland maintains that they have not, on the ground that the differing phraseology i'm plies difference in the liberties con ceded, whereas the United States contends that the admitted practice since the Treaty of 1StS was nego- tiated has been for Americans to fish in these inlets.
The Alaska citizen., 1910-08-06
NEWFOUNDLAND FISHERIES

The North Atlantic Fisheries dis pute originates and turns almost en tirely upon the following clause in the Treaty of ISIS between Great
 Britain and the United States
 That the inhabitants of the United States should have forever. in com. mon with the subjects of his Britan. nic Majesty, the liberty to take fish of every kind on that part of the southern coast of Newfoundland ex. tending from Cape Ray to the Ra- mea Islands; on the western and northern coast, from Cape Ray to the Quirpon Islands; on the shores of the Magdalen Islands. and also on the coasts. bays, harbors. and creeks. from Mount Joli on the southern coast of Labrador to and through the Straits of Belleisle and thence northwardly indefinitely along the coast, without prejudice, however. to any of the exclusive rights of the Hudson's Bay Company.
 In return for these privileges the United States renounced forever the right to fish within three marine miles of the coast of British North America not included in the above.
 The questions involved are varied and important The liberties con ferred by the Treaty of ISIS were ceded to the inhabitants" of the United States The first point to be decided is what is meant by the word inhabitants" Newfoundland holds that it means none but genu- inc inhabitants" of the Republic re siding in that country and shipped at an American port, while the United States takes the position that the flag covers all who may be on board, and that if a ship has her proper papers it is not within the competence of the British or Co lonial governments to inquire into the nationality of her crew. The second point is, What is meant by the liberty to take fish in common" with British subjects? Newfoundland contends that Americans are liable to the same obligations as are i'm posed upon British subjects by the Colonial fishery laws The United States maintains that any such regu-
The Alaska citizen., 1910-08-06
THE OWNERS OF THE U. S.

The farmer. not the money king of Wall Street, is the real owner of the United States. The glean of his fields is another Aladdin story, only instead of rubbing a lamp he has simply scraped the ground.
 Our cereal crops last year were worth $3,OOO,O 100000, which is sutfi. cient to pay for all the tools, imple. ments and machinery of the whole of American industry. While this sum seems huge as it stands alone you have only to go back a few years i'll the story of our agriculture to see the miracle of the steady in. crease that has been achieved Elev- en years ago the value of all our products for a single year was rec koned at $4,417 ,OOO 900. You have already seen how that figure was doubled by 1909 During these years the sum total that the soil has yield ed the farmers is $70,000 ,O00, ,0O0 The advance is so steady and sure that you can almost calculate upon it year by year.
 Compare this record with the ebb and flow of earnings in steel or any other industry and you realize as never before how agriculture keeps the even tenor of it's prosperous way unmindful of panic or depres- sion. Why? Simply because land is stable and, given proper methods of farming, the more you take out of it the more valuable it becomes It cannot be moved away It is in truth the foundation of the nation $ material welfare It would take SEA- 900, ,O00, 900 to buy our farm lands, and their value is real and not wa tered, save by irrigation-Isaac F. Marcosson in Munseys.
The Alaska citizen., 1910-08-06
THE BETTER ELEMENT"

ly there is but one better element and that is possessed by people who are too great to admit it
 When you see a person who claims the right to govern others because he belongs to the better element, reg ister him as one who is a mental nincompoop and knows not the A B C's of government.
 Judge Edward Cushman, of this district takes a rap at the self-styled better element in an interview re printed in this paper. He also knows something about the rest of us. Al ter reading his remarks we were glad that We belonged to the common herd, the element of which he is a distinguished member. - Ketchikan Miner.
The Alaska citizen., 1910-08-06
SOUTH AMERICAN DISPUTE

The origin of the trouble between
 Peru and Ecuador may be briefly explained as follows.
 In 1903. after encounters had talk en place on the frontier between
 small bodies of Peruvian and Ecu adorian troops. Peru sent as Minis ter to Quito Senor Don Mariana Cor nejO. who won the consent of Ecu ador to arbitration of the dispute by the King of Spain. Senor Mencndez Pidal was sent by the latter to in spect the area of dispute. On his re turn to Spain he was accompanied by SenOT COrnejO and representa- tive from Ecuador, Senor VazQuez The King of Spain then appointed
 commission to hear the arguments Of the two representatives, and af ter a year and a half they made their report. which was submitted
 by the government 10 the Council of State, which in turn submitted it to
 
 sion recommended some modified tions favoring Peru. Eleven months ago both reports were laid before
 the government. Unhappily their drift became known too soon. and above all, the fear lest the arbitra- tor might approve the line adopted by the commission of the Council of
 state. seem 10 have provoked the at
 tacks on the Legation of Peru in ] Quito. which brought on danger of
 conflict
 The mediation of the United States, Brazil, and Argentina may result in the conclusion of boundary treaty between Peru and Ecuador. which however is very improbable the continuation of the Spanish arbitra- ton, or a change of arbitrator, pos
 sibly by reference to The Hague Tribunal, In point of fact the dis l pute is theoretical rather than prac-
 tical, Peru having been in actual l possession of the provinces claimed by Ecuador ever since her dtclara- ton of independence a century ago i It may be added that neither of the i reports of the Spanish commissions
 is favorable to the cession of the disputed territory to Ecuador.
The Alaska citizen., 1910-08-06
PROSPECTS ON THE BELLY

The steamer LafranCe arrived last night from the Ross river. 2S0 miles up the Pelly river This is the only steamer that has asCended the Pelly this year. The trip up was made in five days, and the run back to Sel- kirk was made in 24 hours, the fastest round trip on record over that course. Captain Grear, master, and Captain Sid Harrington, pilot, were in charge.
 The steamer carried several pros pectors on the trip up. Three of them, Diebold Varnish and Barlian are going above HoOle Canyon, to search for gold in the upper reaches of the Pelly.
 Cody and Drury, proprietors of sep arate trading posts at Ross river, went up with cargo. The steamer had 2S tons on leaving Selkirk. A good many furs were brought down
 Messrs Cote and Fortin were among the passengers who went to Ross. A policeman from Selkirk ac- companied the steamer up the Pelly and back.
 Indians and trappers, and prospec- tors on the river were found in good health and prosperous. - Dawson News.
The Alaska citizen., 1910-08-06
The Prospector in Siberia.

F. P Allard, of Panama, has re- .ceived communication from the American consul at Vladivostock, out lining the terms upon which pros 'pectors may operate in Siberia. The letter states that there are no re- strictions placed upon foreigners mining or prospecting in Siberia, but in the maritime provinces it Is necessary to obtain a permit from the Russian goyernor-general at Hab- arofsk A copy of the Russian min ing laws can be obtained from Sin ivostock
The Alaska citizen., 1910-08-06

ditch survey. in which many were employed
 This work has now ceased until they can manufacture some ether particular brand of hot air" Ramps Petersen is engaged in the saloon business in Iditarod City with George Marsh.
 Bill is going on prospecting trip with Bert Corrigan to the Ditna Coun- try, but he expects to return shortly thcrefrom. There were reports cur rent that pretty good diggings had been located there. A new strike has also been reported at the head of the Iditarod and another at Nixon Fork. Little credence was placed in these reports just then.-Industrial Worker,
The Alaska citizen., 1910-08-06
Accidents at Fire.

While helping to fight the fire at Peoples warehouse last Sunday, Chief of Police Conway received a bad wound in the leg. The limb is badly bruised and rather stiff, but the chief is able to get about and perform his duties. It was only by a miracle that MT Conway escaped serious injury, as he was in the thick of the trouble throughout the fire.
 Si Scrafford, who also worked ener- getically, was unfortunate enough to lose a thumb. He was passing out some of the packages from the burn. ing building when his thumb was caught in a stack of buckets and completely severed from his hand.
The Alaska citizen., 1910-08-06

fributed a box of cigars. while the bride furnished S7.5O in money The chariyari party then passed over to the cabin of Ed. Hunsuckle, and the hellabluoo started. The bridegroom stood il for a while. and then ap- peared at the cabin door with a shot gun. He Was prevented from firing into the crowd by the bride who clung to his arm. The village re mained awake until 2 o'clock in the morning. discussing the unusual cyents.-Juucau Record.
The Alaska citizen., 1910-08-06
Indian VilIaue Excited,

The Thlinget village had two we'd dings, its first charivari, and mar rowly missed tragedy recently. Taku Jack were married by Rev. Orloff, of the Greek church, and Ed Hunsuckle and Lucy Shellhouse by Rev. Jones, of the Juneau Mission Hunsuckle is a white man.
 The first man ever charivaried in the Indian village was Charlie James. He took the white mans nuisance good-naturedly, and con-
The Alaska citizen., 1910-08-06
PROPOSE RAILROAD FUR
 THE YUKON

turn with disgust from all proposi- lions in certain mining ocutars of Ontario, and the press is doing good work there in exposing mining Swindiers You will be able to learn who they are, and if they ap- pear in the Yukon you cannot do q better service to honest owners of mines as well as investors than to give every bogus promoter a hot reception Dawson News.
The Alaska citizen., 1910-08-06
CANADIAN WOMEN

Canadian women are employed in practically every form of activity in which it is possible for woman to engage. They are bookkcepers, sten- ographers. confidential clerks. bank CTS, dentists. doctors. teachers, law yers, florists. caterers, musicians, art ists, journalists, boarding-house keep CTS, and settlement workers. The Canadian young woman has made a success of business life. She has no intention of allowing herself to be put upon" Work is plentiful. and she adapts herself with remarkable ease to any change in her cirCum- stances. Generally speaking, she is as active in the work of helping others as she is on her own account. In a large office building in Toronto. in which 14O young women are en- ployed as clerks and stenographers, one of the staff. a girl not long out from England, fell ill with tubercu- losis. Her companions. upon their own initiative and practically unaid- ed, sent her to a sanatorium. Treat ment having been undertaken too late, and the girl longing to return to England, these young Canadians se- cured a subscription from their em- plOyers, arranged for the sick girls passage, for some one to travel with her, and for every other necessary detail of the complicated undertaking. Altogether these business girls gave S400 for the relief of their friend. an amount sufficiently large to have cost some of them a sacrifice.
 Women in the Country
 Activity and initiative are by no means confined to Canadian women who live in cities. A few weeks ago an Ontario country girl of 19 wrote to a prominent citizen whose beneyo- lence is as widely known as his bus mess success. She said that she thought he might help her to make some money. Her father, farmer, was old and had sufficient only for his own needs. She did not want to less had hardly ever been on train. She had never seen anything beyond her own country neighborhood, and she wanted to have good times, like oth- CT girls. She could make homemade bread. Did he think that people in the city would buy her bread? The energy behind every word in the let ter spelt success.
 | Such women are to be found in country places all over Canada. Brit. ish Columbia, with it's flower gardens and fruit valleys, offers them unriv, alled opportunities. Almost every lit tie house on the western prairie is the home of woman in whose heart are dreams of greatness for her chil dren. It is lonely on the prairie to- day. But tomorrow it will not be SC lonely. Women on Western farms and ranches undoubtedly have hard ships to bear. But there is freedom and an optimism in the life which many of them find priceless.
 Women's Education.
 Canadian universities first began tc
The Alaska citizen., 1910-08-06
JUST LISTEN TO THIS!

Taft "cut-to-the-quick" economy is no longer mentioned by Republican newspapers. For excellent reason too. Indications are that this Con gress will spend at least $20,000,00O more than the preceding session which created new high water mark in government extravaganza Speaking of ''cut-to-the-quick" econ omy, here are few of the increases over last years appropriations, in bills already enacted at this ses sion.