Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1910-10-31

The general movement for greater popu-
lar participation in government which be
gan at the close Of the war Of 1912, and
which won its first national election in 1896.
gained complete control OF the federal gov
eminent in IS2S In that year Andrew
jackson and John G.. Calhoun were the
democrauc-repubHcan candidates for pres
ident against John Quincy Adams and
Richard Rush, nominees Of the national
republicans.
During the Adams administration all OF
the political leaders in the country claimed
to be loyal members and true representa-
tives Of the historic democratic-republican
party. In the first half Of that adminlstra-
ton the parties in congress were usually
designated as Adams and anti-Adams As
the campaign Of 1928 approached, the OPP
position to the administration ccntered
upon the support OF Jackson and became
known as Jackson men. The Adams mon.
unwilling to limit their allegiance TO one
man, assumed the name National Repub-
licsns. The Jackson men then claimed sole
title to the old party name Of democratic
republicans. The word republican appear
ing in the title OF both parties gave rise
TO confusion and the jackson men dropped
II and retained only the title democratic,
which still endures. The old federalist ele-
ment flocked to the support OF the Adams
Clay faction, but to them the word re-
publican was offensive.
Therefore, it happened that while the
opposition to jackson was formally known
as the national republican party, in prac-
! tice its members were called wings and
after few years the party officially
adopted the old English appellauon. In the
campaign of 1928 the democrats and wings
| faced each other in a square fight and
for the first time in the history of the
country there was general national po-
/ ltical campaign.
! The principal issues which had divided
the old federalist and republican parties
hinged upon questions Of foreign policy.
The republic has served its po-
litical connection with Europe. The
/ internal commerce was not self-sup-
porting and it was compelled to lean upon
foreign trade for existence The first
sharp division resulted from the Jay treaty
with England, and from that time until
the war Of 1912 foreign commerce and for
eign policies determined the issues upon
which the people divided.
The embargo and nonintercourse acts of
the jefferson and Madison regime, hated
as they were by the commercial interests
! afforded a complete protective system
| which encoura ged home industries. Penn
sylvania especially began to build up
manufactures, being followed by New
Jersey. New York and New England. The
invention OF the cotton gin in this country
and the improvement Of spinning machinery
in England created such a demand for cot.
} ton that slave labor in the cotton states
| became immensely profitable and the finan
| cial interests OF the south did not discover
the need OF investing money in anything ex
cept cotton plantations. The result of thu
= war Of 1912, the overthrow of Napoleon, tn,
beginning Of the long peace in Europe tn,
rapid growth Of the United States and tn,
development OF the territory between tn,
Alleghenies and the Mississippi, all operated
to make the republic more Independent OF
foreign affairs.
In the meantime the federaIist party haC
collapsed and the republicans were in en-
tire control of the government by virtue o
their position with respect to foreign
policies Then, for the first time, domestic
problems arose and pressed for settlement
In 1915 at the behest OF Pennsylvania, con
gress enacted protective tariff which re
suited in further stimulating the American
industries. The strict construCtionsts an,
the latitudinarians again Clashed upon thu
question Of whether the federal govern
ment possessed the power under the con
| stituton TO appropriate money for roads
! canals and other internal improvements
Henry Clay who had come into nationa
, prominence in the young republican revol
r of 1870 placed himself at the head Of tn
progressive faction. He formulated a pro
tective tariff doctrine which he named tn
, American system. He was heartily II
favor OF internal Improvements and he wa
so thoroughly devoted to the business 0
advancing the material prosperity OF tn
country that he deprecated the injection o
purely political questions into the nationR
forum. Thus he always was ready with
compromise measure to stave off the fina
reckoning on political questions that H.
mi ght save his Industrial program iron
disturbance. He was a protectionist be
cause he believed protection would enric
the north: he was for internal improve
, ments because they would develop and en-
rich the west and he was for slavery be
y cause II would enrich the south. He flat
tered himself and the country agreed wit
him, that he had forever taken the SLAYER
question out OF politics by the Missouri
compromise OF 1890 In his ardent youn
republican days he had defeated the bil
to recharter the Bank of the United States
but the panic Of 1878 caused him to chang
his mind, and in cOnsonance with his gen
eral faith in the material future Of tn
country he became a staunch defender o
the bank and therefore al ally OF IN
money power