davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06
PROBLEM OIL LAKE CHAD.
Its Shrinkage-No Reason to Believe
1t is Drying Up.

Lake Chad in the Sudan has for
some years offered an interesting OBJ
ject of study to the geographer. Ac-
cording to observations made by
travellers from time to time it was
rapidly drying up. 1t seemed likely
that at no very distant date the lake
would entirely disappear.
Native traditions, however, assert
ed that it was subject to fluctuation
and If so the apparent drying up
might be one of these. Capt. Tilho,
chief of the French commission sent
to study the district, has just been
laying the results of his observations
before the Royal Geographical So
ciety.
When Capt. Tilho visited the lake
in 1904 the water was shrinking and
in 1908 the shrinkage was steadily
continued. The open water then only
occupied one-fiftieth of the total area
of the lake basin, which, in its full
extent, is about four-fifths the size
of Belgium. Lake Chad is of the
nature of an inland sea, receiving
the drainage of the surrounding coun-
try and having no outlet. When
filled, however, it floods the swamp
ing valley of Bahr-el-Ghazal, on the
southeast.
Its average depth is not more than
five feet. In spite of the continued
shrinkage up to his last visit Capt.
Tilho concludes that there is no rea-
son to suppose that Lake Chad will
eventually dry up. And the latest
news from the district is that during
1903 it was rapidly expanding.
One of the most interesting fea-
lures of Lake Chad is the dense
masses of a tree some twenty-five
feet high and with a trunk over
foot in diameter which grow in it's
waters. When the water around it
falls below a certain level, or becomes
too salt-as it may do when the wa
tiers shrink-the tree die. The wood
of this tree, when dry, is the lightest
in the world, being only one-tenth of
the weight of water and less than
one-half that of cork. The tree is
known as the ambuch.
Globe.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06
Ganseklein or schwarz sauer.

This is an economical dish beloved
of the Germans. 1t is made with the
feet, wings, gizzards, hearts, necks
and blood of several geese. Scald
the feet in boiling water and remove
the skin. 1t will peel off like glove
finger. Cut wings into two and necks
into three pieces. Wash all in cold
water, then place over the fire with
just enough water to cover. For
every quart Of water used, allow two
onions with three cloves stuck in
each. half a tablespoonful of salt.
one bay leaf, twelve peppers, and a
sprig of thyme, tied with three sprigs
parsley. Cook until tender. Now
make white sauce by cooking to-
gether in small stewpan one tea
spoonful butter and two of flour,
cooking a few moments, then add
quart of water in which the pieces Of
goose were cooked. Cook five min
utes, then add blood and just enough
vinegar to give q sour taste. Add q
tablespoonful sugar and a quarter
teaspoonful pepper, cook two min
utes and strain. Skim out the goose
pieces, add to sauce and serve with
bread. farina or potato dumplings.-
New York Telegram.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06
The Chantecler Emf.

Whether or not there will be any
season-lasting fashions evolved out
of the Chantecler fad, 1t is quite GER
tain that the word itself is to be
applied to vast amount Of things
that commonly constitute a woman's
wardrobe.
The Chantecler hat is not to be
taken seriously, considered as a
whole, but the Chantecler feathers
that are used on it will probably be
with us all summer.
There is no reason against this:
they are really very pretty in curve
and coloring, and are quite an addi-
ton to the vast amount of common
barnyard plumage that we have been
wearing for years since the Audubon
Society became more than name.
It's work has given women a queer
feeling about wearing songsters and
their plumage, and the mllliners have
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06
Secondhand Opinions.

Leading physicians and eminent
specialists might be greatly edited
II they could hear the opinions at
tributed to them at luncheons and
bridge parties or other purely femi.
nine gatherings. Women's tongues
run riot on such occasions, and the
woman who has not the courage to
advance an opinion of her own falls
back upon her doctor or her husband
repeating over and over again, like
a parrot: But DR.. So-and-So said
just this" etc. And as no one else
heard the doctors remarks her state
ments cannot be refuted.-New York
Tribune.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06

before starting her carriage, was not
that of the humble laborer. Some
thing in his look caused strange
and sudden tumult in the breast OF
MS young patroness. The machine
shot abruptly forward, and Pietro,
standing in the road with the card
IN his dark hands, watched it out of
sight.
Marjorie felt angry with herself
She determined not to see Pietro
again, but to turn him over to her
father alone. She could not explain
the sudden reserve and timidity that
she felt. She realized that she
wished very much to see him that
evening, and the consciousness
brought the quick blood to her
cheek.
That evening the maid handed her
the card of "Mr. Peter Sturgis." Mar
Jorie did not recall the name, but she
went to the drawing room.
She knew him instantly by his
eyes. He was in irreproachable even
ms NAObHCS, lis UldCh hair crODD60
short, and there was nothing in the
smoothly shaver jaw to suggest the
ruffian.
Il want to thank you for your
kindness to Pietro." His English was
perfect. "And may 1 explain that. as
l am to make construction work my
business. thought it advantageous
to begin at the bottom"
But you've lost your job, you
know" flashed Marjorie.
That's of no consequence" he
said airily. II can get another on the
sewer with some of my classmates.
And" she continued reprovingly,
You said you were from Sicily"
Pardon, Signorina, Syracuse. Syr>
acuse, Onondaga County, New York"
1t was a rapid courtship, and from
that day to this she has called him
"Pietro. Boston Post.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06

making the buttonholes as illustrated
and the finish is an eminently attract
i've one. The wide tucks at the Shout
ders give the fashionable broad ef-
feet, and the lines are altogether sat-
isfactory. The sleeves are in shirt
waist style, but finished with straight
facings in place of over-laps. The ja-
bot is pretty and simple one that
can be embroidered as illustrated or
In any way that may be liked.
The waist is made with fronts and
back. The sleeves are in one piece
each and are finished with openings
and straight cuffs. The neck is fin
ished with neck-band, over which
can be adjusted the high turned-over
collar or any fancy one. The jabot is
made in one piece, pleated on indicat-
ed lines.
The quantity of material required
for the medium size is three and sew
en-eighth yards twenty-one or twen-
ty-four, three and half yards TWEEN
ty-seven or one and seven-eighth
yards forty-four inches wide, with one
yard of edging for the jabot.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06
[IR%RgaNDSS66TB102ggE4

A clotn wrung out of vinegar, anG
wrapped round cheese, will keep 1t
from moulding.
When you seal an envelope with
the white of an egg it is impossible
to steam 1t open.
A large safety pin makes con-
venient holder for odd buttons and
loose hooks and eyes.
Ammonia water that has been used
for washing may be used for plants.
1t is an excellent fertilizer.
A coarse cloth dipped in salt and
water, and rubbed over straw mating
will prevent 1t from turning yellow.
A can of Welsh rabbit is all ready
for serving when melted in little
water or milk and turned over toast.
Suede shoes that have become
shiny and wo-n-looking can be fresh.
ened by rubbing them with fine sand
paper
If you are obliged to burn a light
in your bedroom, it had better be
candle or night lamp. The ordinary
gas flame consumes much of the oxy-
gen.
For a cheese omelet, beat six eggs
slightly and stir in an eighth of a
cupful of grated cheese with a little
salt and pepper. Cook like an ordi-
nary omelet.
AS substitute for bodkin needle
safety pin is excellent. 1t orens
up the way without puncturing the
cloth. 1t is especially good to use
with starched articles.
It is the drying of delicate muslins
and lawns that fades them rather
than the washing. They should never
be hung in the sun. but should be
laid upon a doubled sheet, covered
with another and rolled up isr an
hour.
Girls who are expert with their
needles could cover their own para
soils If an old frame is available. for
cover could be ripped away, one Sec
ton opened and pressed and this will
serve as a pattern for the new cover.
When ripping examine carefully the
sewing.
Blond and brunette sandwiches are
pretty additions to the tea table. To
make the blond ones cut white bread
into thir triangles and spread with
butter and chopped c<ess; the brun-
cites are made OF circles OF brown
bread spread nth cream cheese. and
chopped Olives. They should be
served on separate plates.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06

her first year of service she had GOA
cases to deal with. Much of Fraulein
Dittmer's work corresponds to that
of the woman probation officer in
American cities. Youthful delin-
quents, waits and deserted children
are placed in her charge. She deals
with them as she thinks fit, some
times placing them in institutions,
sometimes-in the case of delin-
misunderstanding them to their par
ents and afterward visiting them fire.
quently. Among Fraulein Dittmer's
charges last year were 165 boys and
girls who had run away from their
homes in the provinces to Berlin.
The majority had come because they
wanted to see the Kaiser's palace"
New York Tribune.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06
PEACE.

O my comrades, why such eagerness and
hasting,
Such gulping down of life and never tast.
ing?
l am going-you may tarry here in town.
The trees do not hurry in their growing.
Nor even the little flowers to their blow
ing,
Nor the red leaf to its fall among the
brown.
You will not hide yourselves where shall
hide me,
Where fern and laurel linger green beside
me
And soothe the hectic year with dreams
OF spring;
You will not know the wild primeval feel
ing
When solitude and stiffness. softly stealing,
Unite. the cords that bind the spirit s
wing;
You will not hear life's undersong the
Singeth around the keen ships quiet mo.
ton
And the cedars and the hidden rivers
sing.
Charles W. Russell, in Everybody's
Magazine.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06
g3Yg = vi
+ x|YIR'7 V221}ANI

I bowed TO the law. AT once there
sprung into the millinery market the
products of invention and ingenuity,
and the result has been altogether
admirable and satisfactory. We have
not sacrificed our better feelings and
we have not sacrificed the beauty Of
our hats.
We wear ignorantly and blissfully
the plumage of the guinea fowl and
the Cochin China hen. We add to
this now the tail and neck ruff OF the
rosters and call them Chantecler.
To show how ingenious the French
are are in naming fashions, in popu-
larizing some passing garment by CIV
ing 1t local habitation and a name,
there is this story: This neck frill
which they took up last autumn was
truly French variation on our more
severe and trying Peter Pan. 1t was
accordian pleated, made of softest
lingerie fabric, and was applied to a
neckband that was only slightly
lower than the usual one.
To-day, and not until to-day, has
it been popularized. And why? Be-
cause 1t has ingloriously been given
the name of Chantecler ruff. And it
really is not unlike the soft collar
of long feathers that adorns a roos-
ter's neck.
This name has given an impetus
to its being made in the iridescent col
orings of red, and bronze and black,
that one notices in the cocks feath-
ers; the fabric is chiffon or net, and
the effect is gained by placing layer
of one color over layer of another
color.
Attractive as this is from a color
standpoint, one has to go carefully in
applying just such a bit of neckwear.
1t won't blend with white or cream,
but it is rather effective on an all
black gown, and queer, odd tints of
red. AS an article of wearing ap-
parel, however, it can hardly have a
chance to be popular because of the
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06

very reason that it is difficult to find
anything to put it against.
There is no such obstacle to the
popularity Of the all-white or ivory
tinted Chantecler ruff. 1t is here al
ready in large quantities, and in every
width and degree of flneness.
1t Is to be hoped that it will not be-
come popular in the very cheap mus
Inns and coarse cotton laces. There Is
always that danger in lingerie things.
1t Is so easy to coarsen them and
bring them within the reach of every
one who wishes to invest in the last
thing.
Not that one wants the smart fash
Ions kept for the people with full
purses. Far from it. They are too
often the people who cannot wear the
last thing with half the snap of the
girl who hasn't dollar to spend on
superfiuities; but If these girls
couldn't pick up the cheap-looking
Chantecler ruff for a few cents they
would go home and make one for a
few more cents that would have the
charm of f1neness about it.
No one counts on these rooster
ruffs being becoming. There is some
thing trying about that straight pleat-
ed line below the base of the neck, but
the American girl can be trusted to
turn and twist it to its best advan-
tage.
When 1t has points at the lower
line. and is worn bit lower in the
front than at the back, then 1t has
more chance of setting Off the face
abov, it.-New York Times.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06
Progression.

One smile makes Irritation. One
Irritation makes two acquainted. Two
acquainted makes one kiss. One kiss
makes several more. Several kisses
make an engagement. One engage
ment makes two FOOLS Two fools
make one marriage. One marriage
makes two mothers-in-law. Two
mothers-in-law make a red hot time.
-Woman's Life.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06
No Changes i'm Gloves.

Gloves are not expected to show
any startling changes. White has
become the accepted fashion for light
or dressy gowns, and the good wash
chamois holds its own bravely. White
pique gloves are so universally worn
in the street, as we'll as for more for.
NAL occasions, that one requires doz-
ems of them. There is the single
stitching, giving the effect of a raised
cord, which is so trig to wear with
the tailored costume.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06
Dandelion Salad.

Gather in the early morning before
the sun has touched the fibre. Wash
thoroughly leaf by leaf, drain, pat
dry on soft cloth, then lay on the
ice until ready to serve. Put into
the salad bowl, dress with good
French dressing of olive oil, vinegar.
salt. pepper, then add hard-boiled
eggs cut in quarters, to garnish, and
serve. Or sprinkle the salad with
powdered sweet basil to flavor and
garnish with fillets of anchovy.-
New York Telegram.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06
Dreamed Sweetbreads.

Cook until tender, then flake or cut
in dice. Put little butter in fry
ing pan and toss the diced sweet
breads in it until slightly fried. Have
ready cream sauce, allowing for
pair of sweetbreads two tablespoon
fuls butter, two tablespoonfuls flour
and two small cupfuls cream. Add
the sweetbreads. season with salt and
pepper and a teaspoonful minced
parsley, if you like; then pour over
slices of hot toast freed from crusts
and serve very hot.-New York Tele-
gram.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06
A King No Subject.

Sir Francis Rurnand, the late edi.
tor of Punch, was requested one night
in company to make a pun extern.
pore.
Upon what subject?" asker Bur-
nand.
"The King" was suggested.
"Oh. sir" he replied, "the King b
no subject. New York Times.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06
Cream Pie and Orange Dessert.

Cut the oranges In thin slices and
sprinkle sugar over them; let them
stand two or three hours; serve on
ordinary fruit plates; the pie is made
with a bottom crust only, and that
not thick, but light and flaIy; take
one coffee cupful of thick. sweet
cream, one-half cup of pulverized
sugar, tablespoonful of flour, one
egg; flavor with lemon extract; bake
until you are sure the crust is brown
and hard, so that it will not absorb
the custard.-Ann NJ. Fuller, in the
Boston Post.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06
White Capes.

The best feature about a white
cape is that it may be worn over an
evening gown of any color. One sees
many ruinous color combinations in
colored capes and frocks. The lining
either of the corduroy or cloth cape
should be satin in pastel hue, unless
one prefers lining of white.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06
Teaches the Blind.

Mrs. Agnes ]. Rossler is the per-
son who is notified when a blind Wis
itor appears at the Museum of Natur-
al History. Mrs. Rossler has thought
out classifcations and arrangements
which are labeled in Braille or New
York point for the use of the blind
and as each article is passed from
hand to hand and studied by the
blind visitors an informal lecture is
given.-New York Sun.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06
The Down Ouilt.

Two shades of plain silk for two
sides of down quilt is the harmon
ious cover demanded by the expert
decorator for use in bedroom al
ready rich in blossoms. When the
wallpaper is gaudy or even ordinarily
figured In design, these plain colors
will be a welcome relief to the eye.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06
| THE ~ *
CORNER x
Broiled sweetbreads.

Split into fiat slices, dust with salt
and pepper and dredge lightly with
flour. Broil over clear fire, basting
often with butter. Serve with maitre
d'hotel butter, made by melting a
quarter pound butter in saucepan,
adding as it heats tablespoonful
each water and chopped parsley, a
little paprika or cayenne and the
Juice of half lemon.-New York
Telegram.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06

ems, madras and the like. This model
suits all the materials available for
waists of the sort, and can be utilized
with equal success for the gown and
Tor the odd waist. 1t is finished in a
distinctly novel manner at the front
.dge. There are three tiny tucks
With deep inturn, which allows of
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06

biuehsh la Venetienne.-Have two-pound bueHsh
cleaned and scaped place it butered baking dish with
onha cup of liquor In which mushrooms were boiled one
chopped tomato and six mushrooms with oiled paper
and bake for fifteen minutes from the oven snrnkle
with crumbs and minced parsley with salt and peppe
aot wltn butter and return to the Drowned
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06
One Button Coat.

The one-button coat is very effect.
I've. and though one covered with a
coat material might be used, the Jet
button is more striking.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06
Transparent Effects.

The transparent effects are in full
sway among the silks, gray over nat
tier blue, green or black over Sevres
blue being lovely.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06
Velvet House Gowns.

Velvet house gowns of the most
delicate shades and quite severely
tailored have touch of gilt to give
them a distinct military finish.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06
Work of Police Woman.

The Berlin police woman, Fraulein
Margaret Dittmer, appointed just a
year and a half ago, has found the
position no sinecure thus far. During
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06
Pretty Grenadine.

Some of the prettiest of the French
grenadines come in white with rib
bon stripes of colors.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06
81 1aesssaaaS N1SNIlBEN S
g. WlhlNsSsmN VVIRNIRIMNa k@

New York City. = Tucked waists
are always smart and always needed.
Nothing else is quite so practical for
general wear. This season they are
made from pongees, from washable
silks as we'll as from linen and cotton
materials, and great many women
like the thinner lawns treated in this
way quite as we'll as the heavier lin
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1910-05-06

The sketch shows a rose foulard,
polka-dotted in black, and having q
tunic of black chiffon, the hem being
embroidered in rose, as is also tho
vest.
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1910-08-19
Personal Mention.

A. NJ. Martin OF Post Falls was Ii
Rathdrum on business Tuesday.
Milton Wood has returned from q
several years. sojourn 10 Alaska.
Attorney W. F. McNaughton can.
didate for county attorney, was In
town the latter part Of last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. F.. Lawrence OF
Athol, were visitors 10 town last
Saturday.
L. A Morris was In town Tuesday
from Colvlle, Wash, to move bis
family there to reside.
Mrs. r. A. Bell Of Post Falls was
visiting friends here the forepart Of
the week.
Mr.. and Mrs. e. L. Heltmap and
son, Charles, are absent on a visit to
Puget sound points.
Fred H. Bradbury left Monday for
the Saltese mining district 10 Mon
tana to visit his brother Frank.
Mrs. W. H. Edelblute and sou
Lawrence were visitors to Spokane
Monday.
A. T. CASTOR made a trip to Spo.
kane on business the frst of the
week.
Miss Christina Collins OF Spokane
visited her cousins, the Misses Brad
bury, a few days, returning home
Monday.
Oxford buck sheep for sale. Price
Sis. Iuquire of E. B. Cisco, Gar.
wood, Idaho. Al9.S9.
Mrs. G. W. spoerry and children of
Occur d'Alene, is in town this week
visiting relatives.
Mrs. George Humphrey Of Wallowa,
Oregon, is visiting friends in this
city this week.
Mrs. Mabel Papendick and daugh-
ter, Elise, are visiting friends near
Ross.
W. W. Newh )use left Tuesday
afternoon for Marshall, MIMI, to
look after the harvesting on his farm
there.
SS-Good Pasturage for horses and
cattle by the month. plenty Of water.
Apply to d. f. Finney or q. W.
Aostlne, Rathdrum. Al2
Mr.. and Mrs. Edginton and little
daughter Of Spokane spent Sunday 10
hathdrum, the guests of Mr.. and
J. E. Whitfield.
Mr. and Mrs. John Crenshaw and
FAMILY, departed Monday for their
new home 10 Eugene, Oregon. where
'ney Will reside 10 the future.
Lowney's candies are better at The
hathdrum Drug Co.'S.
Mrs Harris OF Alberta, Canada, is
Ine guest of her neices', Mrs. E. P.
HnR'lkinG and Mrs. Chester Lancas-
ter.
u f. Heath Of Spokane, solois'
aur'ng the evangelical services held
uefe during January, will sing at the
w. 4 church Sunday. August 81.
MIS- D. A. Lent and daughter,
.l'ss ADA Lent. who have been visit
ing Mrs. Lent's cousin, Mrs. II. F.
m mouse on Rathdrum pralrle. left
.uesday for their home In Mime
apolls, MINI.
foR RENT-Good 5-room house
WIN barn, also good rooms, and S.
uouse. Inquire of Martin Pole
''a'ndrum. ltp
WIS u +. Hollister returned Mon.
49,, from Milwaukee. Wis, where she
p. ."ueo the supreme temple OF
=. Imam Sisters as a delegate from
'ue ioabo grand temple.
m assessor J. W. Smith was 10 town
wv suuesday having just returned
49,. no'se' where he attended the
Nov. ' ooard Of equalization, and re
inns. mat city. town property |and
no. ,''ements 10 Kootenai county
80 oeen reduced 10 per cent.
h.., IS a good time to have the
'0e Hart block :,