The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1910-06-10

cnleI reasons why either the advance or
the preservation OF mankind Is worth
while. 1t is an evil and a dreadful thing
to be callous to sorrow and suffering. and
blind to our duty to do all things possible
for the betterment of social conditions.
But 1t is an unspeakably foolish thing to
strive for this betterment by means so
destructive that they would leave no So
clal conditions to better. In dealing with
all these social problems, with the init
mate relations of the family. with wealth
in private use and business use, with la
Dor. VIII poverty, the one prime neces-
sity Is to remember that, though hard
ness OF heart is a great evil. it is no
greater an evil than softness of head.
But In addition to these problems the
most intimate and important of all
which to a larger or less degree affect all
the modern nations somewhat alike. we
OF the great nations that have expanded,
that are now in complicated relations with
one another and with alien races, have
special problems and special duties Of our
own. fou belong to a nation which pos
sesses the greatest empire upon which the
sun has ever shone. / belong to a nation
which is trying, on a scale hitherto unex-
ampled, to work out the problems of gov
eminent for, Of. and by the people, while
at the same time doing the international
duty or a great power. But there are
certain problems which both of us nave
N'e oS W lin odl 10
should be the same. The Englishman, the
man of the British isles, in his various
homes across the seas. and the Ameri-
can. both at home and abroad. are
brought into contact with utterly alien
peoples. some with a civilization more an
Client than our own, others still in, or
having but recently arisen from, the bar
barism which our people left behind ages
ago. The problems that arise are of we'll
nigh lnconceivable difficulty. They cannot
be solved blythe foolish sentimentality of
stay-at-home people. with little patent
recipes, and those cut-and-dried theories
OF the political nursery which have such
limited applicability amid the crash OF
elemental forces. Neither can they be
solved by the raw brutality of the men
who, whether at home or on the rough
frontier OF civilization, adopt might as
the only standard of right In dealing with
other men, and treat alien races only as
subjects for exploitation.
No hard and fast rule can be drawn az
applying TO all alien races, because they
differ from one another far more wide
~ than some of them differ from us. But
there are one or two rules which must
not be forgotten. In the long run, Il ere
can be no justification for one race man.
aging or controlling another unless the
management and control are exercised in
the Interest and for the benefit Of that
other race. This Is what our peoples
nave In the main done, and must con-
tnue In the future In even greater de-
gree to do, in India. Egypt, and the Phil
1ppfnes alike. In the next place, as re-
CARDS every race, everywhere, at home
or abroad. we cannot afford to deviate
from the great rule of righteousness
which bids us treat each man on his
worth es a man. He must not be senti-
mentally favored because he belongs to
a given race; he must not be given i'm
munity in w~rong-doing, or permitted to
the ground. or given other privi-
leges which would be denied to the
vicious and unfit among themselves. On
the other hand, where he acts in a way
Whlcf would entitle him to respect and
reward If he were of our own stock. he
is just as much entitled to that respect
and reward If he comes of another
stock. even though that other stock pro-
duces a much smaller proportion Of men
OF his type than does our own. This has
nothing to do with social intermingling,
with what is called social equality. It
has to do merely with the question Of do
ing to each man and each woman that
elementary justice which will permit him
or her to gain from life the reward
which should always accompany thrift,
sobriety, self-control, respect for the
rights of others. and hard and intelli-
gent work to a given end. To more than
such just treatment no man Is entitled,
and less than such just treatment no nan
should receive.
Duty Of Nation to Nation.
The other type OF duty is the interna-
tional duty. the duty owed by one ma
ton to another. I hold tina the laws of
which should govern individu-
ais In their dealings one with the other
are just as binding concerning nations in
their dealings one with the other. The
application Of the moral law must be
different in the two cases, because in
one case It has, and in the other 1t has
not, the sanction OF a civil law with force
behind it. The individual can depend for
his right upon the courts, which them
selves derive their force from the police
power Of the state. The nation can de-
pend upon nothing OF the kind; and
as things are now, 1t Is the
highest duty Of the most advanced and
freest peoples to keep themselves in such
A state OF readiness as to forbid to any
barbarism or despotism the hope Of ar
resting the progress of the world by stri-
king down the nations that lead in that
progress. 1t would be foolish indeed to
pay heed to the unwise persons who de-
sire disarmament to be begun by the
very peoples who, OF all others, should
not be left helpless before any possible
foe. But we must reprobate quite as
strongly both the leaders and the peoples
who practise. or encourage or condone,
aggression and iniquity by the strong at
the expense Of the weak. We should toll
crate lawlessness and wickedness neither
by the weak nor by the strong; and both
weak and strong we should in return
treat with scrupulous fairness. The for
eign policy of a great and self-respecting
country should be conducted on exactly
the same plane of honor. of insistence
upon ones own rights and of respect for
the rights Of others. as when a brave and
honorable man is dealing with his fell
lows Permit me to support this state
pent out Of my own experience. For
nearly eight years | was the head Of q
great nation and charged especially with
the conduct of its foreign policy; and
during those years | took no action with
reference to any other people on the face
OF the earth that | would not have felt
justified in taking as an individual in
dealing with other individuals.
] believe that we Of the great civilized
nations of today have a right to feel that
long careers of achievement lie before
several countries. To each OF us is
the honorable privilege of do
his mart however small in that work