davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1910-09-09
THE sHOEMAKING OF THE ANCIENTs

habitantS. but VS. also sending a part
Of its products to the port of Boston
As early as 1915 tanning and shoemakinS
are mentioned as an industry OF the
colony Of Virginia. special mention
being made OF the fact that a planter
named Matthews employed eight shoe
makers on his premises Legal re-
straint was placed on the cordwainer
In Connecticut IN 1856 and in Rhode
Island in 1715. while IN New York the
business Of tanning and shoemakins IS
known 10 have been firmly established
previous TO the capituIation of the
province 10 En-IaHd in 155f- in 1875 the
Industry was carried on proftably IN
Philadelphia, and in IIZI the Colonial
Legislature Of Pennsylvania passed an
act regulating the material and the
prices Of the boot and shoe industry
The younE man who essayed 20 ISarn
the shosmaking art at this time was
dpprenuCed for seven years, and IN THAI
time he was taught every detail Of t-a
business He WAS instructed IN the art
of shaping the jus0le and ouIs1iC, de-
pending almost entirely upon his eye
for the proper proportions; taught TO
prepare pegs and 10 drive them, for the
pe-1ed shoe was the most common type
Of footwear IL the early half Of The
last century. He also faUiliarized him
self with the making OF turn and welt
shoes, which have always been c0Hsid-
cred the highest type OF shoemaking,
requiring as they did exceptional skill
on the part of the artisan Of that period
in Chauneliug the fnsoIe and outsoIe by
hand, rounding the sole, sewing the
welt, and stitching the outside
After having served his apprenticeship
il VS. the custom for the fuIl-hedged
shoemaker 20 start on what was known
as whipping the cat which m.aut
journeyinS from town 10 town, living
with a family while making o years
supply Of shoes for each member, and
moving on TO fH engagements pre-
vI0Usly made The year 100 was one
of unusual moment to the shoe indus
try, for IN that year arrived one John
Adams I1asyr- DaSyr was a celebrated
shoemaker of Essex. and richly deserved
the monument which has recently been
erected &c ais memory in Lynn lie
was a master-craftsman and taught MS
art to many VINO afterwards became
most successful in the industry
twas soon found that the master-vvorz-
man cOald largely increase his income
by employing other men to 90 the work
while ne directed their efforts. and this
eradually leo 10 2 division of the work,
and rfe shoe upPers, which had prior 10
this time has been seWed by men Using
Vaxcd thread with bristles, became a
part Of the work OF women
In the year 1875 the evolution Of the
factory system had reached a STAGE
T where In Lynn alone there were two
hundred master workmen employing Sol
5ourneymen and turning cut S91G03- pairs
T OF shoe. per year The entire shoe
VAS then made under one roof, and
+ SeaerpgIy- from leather that was tanned
on the premises
Iraet0ry buildings were not at this
+ time of a very pTetentious nature, and
did not BY any means represent the
{ amount OF work undertaken by. the pro
rFietor, for the small 70 Y 20 factories,
sUnae of which are sun standing. came
The Washington times., 1910-09-09

~. Machines shown are those Of the
80 famous Goodyear Welt system
which are almost universally employ co
&. +I,a manufacture Of shoes OF t-fe nigh
,z+ Grade and the whole exhibit IS so
arranged that visitors in passing -lolA
Cna machine 10 another in regular Sc
,.,,a77ra are enabled 70 grasp the import
srt mart that each machine plays II
maxim. GOODYEAR Welt shoes, more du-
,,1,1a more comfortable and more pleas
in in appearance than those MADE IN
any other way
Crude IN its inception. footwear 'o>
the primary form Of simple SAM d.
and man probably protected his teet
-, 80 7ecessftv frst arose by binding
,,TeCse of rough dried hide 10 his Feet
= means of Ieathern thongs Yet the
.-s-5sT among The earliest OF all forms
Of foot covering. is still the form iouhu
among primitive people NHeh liie
coins and Huns descended upon. Rome
,as1- wore. in addition 10 protection Tot
t7e sole Of the foot, q leg covering con
.-is-5rr- OF softly tanned skins bound 10
- 17r7bs. nv thongs This was the lore
--,,r7,a- of the high boot from which was
---,1,-ed the Lack Boot 50 taUlllar IN
-, portraits Of the French dandIes OF
Ey5-re1iet4's time when aside from his
,rustv blade. the cavaliers boots were
The mos. expensive and striking part OF
his costume
At about the EIizabethan period shoe
making had really become a very me
~ and some foot creations were made
p the court shoemakers that rejected
me individual taste Of the monarch
80 great was the competition 10 produce
.-,-Ss+1,fnar novel that very often the
stvles assumed a gTotesque aspect The
80 we're elongated so that finally they
1-aro carried up and fastened by cords
and tassels 20 the tops o. the SHOES
sn5 Il. became necessary to enact a la"
= -,raveut such outrageous types OF
footwear The slippers Of this period
40 of extreme higb-heeled variety,
and small fortunes were often spent on
tbeir o-namenJation- They were mostly
o. rre turn-shoe type. and samples
which are preserved show the excellent
,ro-lfnanship that was in vogue az
that time
The Washington times., 1910-09-09

past, no effort would be spared by the
rev company to earn their approval
Sible manufacturers were brought 10
one common plane in their transac-
tons with the company. so that each
could proceed with perfect assurance
that he paid no more nor less than
his competitor, and that the BENEFITS
and expert service secured pE MS
business rival were always his for the
asking This equality IN treatment
las been and is today one Of The car
dinaI principles OF the company's
To Those who watched the progress
Of the new company il was soon appar-
ent that the management intended 70
secure the best, whether II vas brains
OF machinery. Those no by training
fitted 10 solve the many problems that
were constantly presenting themselves
were made TO feel that field for their
best eudeaVOrS was unfolding and that
appreciation was sure inventors also
found in the company a reliable patron
for their best wares, bur Il was e sseullal
company always bought vi 10 expe-
rieuced discrimination The Gremium
paid 10 ability has been a source Of
insI iratiOn in every department Of the
companys work and has eIgen1ered
that friendly internal rivalry - essential
ing
on its formation tie con palv found
itself in possession Of uIs nufactuFing
plants in different cities and d. was
early recognized that the higher ecOnO-
mics at which the company aimed could
not be attained except through the cen
tralization OF its uufacturinz inter
ests- To this end. a committee com
posed OF experts from each factory spent
a full -ear IN visiting every manufac-
turing plant Of note in the United States
gathering the data which finally resulted
in the magnificent manufacturing plant
owned By the company Al Beverly,
Mass This factory has become one
OF the show places Of New England. and
engineers of prom nence who have visit
ed Il have pronounced Il one Of the
finest plants in the world To describe
IL adequately would require much space
but the following brief synopsis OF its
prominent features viii give az least q
slight insight into its general character
The Washington times., 1910-09-09

ed was 15S.735. and the capital invested
was s122 526 o93.00
The value Of the product Of American
shoe factories for the ten 00) years
from 1890 70 1900. showed a gain Of Il
and 40 per cent. In the five - years,
from 1890 to 1905, the gain VS. = and
$40 per cent. with I'VE (5) yeaIs yet to
be reported
The United States census figures show
that during the period Of the company s
existence there was an advance IN the
volume Of shoe exports Of 81 and $40
per cent Imports Of shoes are 50 in
significant in volume as 20 be a negiI-
gible quantity This means that shoes
produced by American labor. IN Ameri-
can factories, dominate the markets Of
the world a glance at the export
figures shows that the American manu-
facturer OF shoes has worldwide
market, and all OF this has b. N aChieV-
ed during the last decade
Nor IS this all During TIE ten years
The Washington times., 1910-09-09

therefore, engaged other mechanics 10
work upon the machine, and some four
JnOtteis were constructed before a sue
cessTuI machine was produced This
machine sewed simply turn shoes, and
IL was many years before II was a con-
nrmed success M Goodyear had no
sooner demonstrated that lt was posi-
bic TO sew turn shoes by machine than
he started mechanics 10 perfecJinS a
machine for sewing Welts, which he
accomplished q few years afteTward-
Closely following Mr.. GOodyear's in
ventiOu came the Introduction Of the
first machine used IN connection with
heels, and from these early machines
have been evolved the perfected heeling
machines which are IN use at the pres
ent time.
Further improvements were made by
M Goodyear. following the line eStab-
iished by COloTel Mckay in the build
ing OF auxiliary machines 20 take care
OF the different operations necessary in
making a perfect welt shoe. These we're
the early machines Of the Goodyear
" cit system, which have been the sub
ject or constant Improvement
The Washington times., 1910-09-09

in which the United Shoe Machinery
Company has operated the labor Of the
Industry has profited- The great sys-
TEN OF machinery has been a boon
Wages are higher than they were ten
years ago, and the conditions Of the
VorEmen are vastly improved
The Massachusetts Commission, on
the cost Of living, in its report lust
published observes
This industry is one Of the few great
lines Of industrial enterprises in the
United States IN which the trust form
OF control has not made headway-'-
The Washington times., 1910-09-09
THE FIRST SHOE
MAKING IN AMERICA
Early Methods--W Whipping the
Cat-Inventors Stability of
the Industry Threatened.

When the NIavh0wer made the second
--iD TO PlvmoJsth she carried. anons
others a shoemaker named Thomas
re7rG. VINO brought with him supply
~ hides Seven years afterVard there
arrived one Phillip Kertland- q native
NJ BucIinzhaushire, who settled in
Lynn in 1855
KertIaud was the pioneer shoemaker
Of that city. and for years l-s success
fully worked al his craft. teaching
others his methods and ways 50 that
ffteen years after Lynn was not only
supplying The requirements Of its IN
The Washington times., 1910-09-09
THE PERIOD OF
GREATEST INCREASE
Formation of the United Shoe Ma
chinery Company New Ma
chimes and Methods.

In the year 1850. there had been per-
feCted not only the machines which Nj
Mckay and Ar Goodyear had been in
strumental IN building but other inven1
TORS mad introduced similar machines
Tor doing similar work Tu1s brought
about the most acute business coupeti-
ton and finally resulted IN many in
stances IN which one machine manu-
acrurer alleging that the machine Of his
rival infrtnged MS patent rights. wound
Immediately begin SUIT and the fercest
kind Of litigation was esta bIished. This
mad most disastrous effect upon shoe
manufacturers. for IN many cases the
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1910-05-14
Sentenced.

Pitlsburg, Pa, May IA. A. VII
sack, former cashier OF the Carman Ma
tiopsl Bank, vas today sentenced to
eight months IN jail and fine of$6, 600.
He was Indicted 10 toe recent graft probe
and pleaded nolo conteDdere.
Former Councilman Charlea Stewart,
one of the alleged "big six" In the
council and one OF the alleged prime
movers 10 the scbeme to obtain money
from the banks In return for naming
them city depositorlep, was sentenced to
eight months In jail aud $500 ane.
In addition these men sentenced to-
day, William Band, president OF the
common council, Joseph WATSON, prssi-
dent of the finance committee, former
@ uucilmsn John F. Kline and William
Ramsey, president Of The German Ma.
,ioDal Bank have been convicted OF
bribery aud are now serving sentences In
the Westeru Penitentiary.
Former Councilman Hugh Ferguson
was sentenced to eight months 10 jail
and $500 6ne ard Dr.. W. e. Weber,
ak months aud $500 fine.
Former Councilman P. D. Kesrns was
sentenced to four moDths 10 jail and
$3.50 fue.
Former Councilman Morris Eiustein
was sentenced to ak months and 81. 500
6ue,
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1910-05-14
News Of the Day.

Student Wardsni, who on February
20 shot and fatally wounded Boutros
Pachs Ghali, the EgYptlau premier and
minister OF foreign sfiairs, Vas yesterday
condemned to death at Cairo.
An uprising o! serious proportions has
broken cut among Pueblo Indians at
Taos, 70 miles northwest OF Esst Las
Vegas, N. NJ, and troops are hurrying
by special train from Santa Fe to check
a possible massacre of Th:ts ranchtrs.
Prof. Edward Bennett GarrIott, super
Visiug forecas:er of the Weather Bureau,
and one OF the best-knoWn soientist, OF
Washington, died suddenly last night at
$3.50 o'clock from sn attack OF angina
pec!orls, at his home In Washington.
The second trial OF the civil suit
brought by the United States govern.
ment against CHARLES F. w. Nicely, In
charge of the bureau of finance In the
Department of Posts during the Ameri-
can military occupancy OF Ouba, result.
ed in verdict for SIP, 90I.2l 10 favor
of the government.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1910-05-14
THE RAILROADBILL.

Senator Aldrich was comp letely rout-
ed upon The "long and short haul" prop
osition in the Senate Yesterday afternoon
by vote of 81 to 10. The Dixon amend.
ment declaring it unlawful for railroad
to charge more for shorter haul than
for longer haul was adopted, after it
had been modified through tine insertion
of provision taken from the Paynter
amendment. In this form the PROPOSE
ton went through with flying colors
and had the support of all the progress
i've republicans, all but FIVE of the demo-
Gratis who voted and nearly all the re-
publican "reactionsries."
Senators Aldrlch and Elkins voted for
the Dixon-Payuter amendment and lined
up practically all their cohorts in favor
of its adoption. But it is the universal
opinion that the "reactionaries" sup
ported the proposition i'll order to ''save
the face" of the Aldrich organization.
Two recesses OF half an hour each
were taken to prepare the modification.
stirring scenes ensued, and the charge
was made that the ursnimons consent
agreement under which the Senate was
operating had been broken.
The Senate adjourned until Monday.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1910-05-14
Virginia, News.

DR.. I. O. Fifebsugh, of Garrison
burg, has been appointed member of
the Virginia State Board of H ,al,h, to
succeed the late Dr.. 8. P. La.aue.
Gen. Scott Sbipp, former supsrIntend-
ens of the Virginis Military Institute,
has gone TO Europe to spend a few
months.
Mrs. Inman Payne, living near Round
Hill, had duck to hstch Saturday TIA.
bad ore head, three wings and four legs.
Ws understand that it is still living ADD
doing nicely.
Col. E. 8. Reid, cashier OF the Chat.
ham Bank, died Thursdsy night at his
home In Chatham after an illuess of
several months. Dol. Reid was mem.
Der of Governor SHanson's staff.
The work of building an indrmary 10
connection With the Western State
Hospital at St ,uuton will be started OF
once. The legislature appropriated $1O,-
900 for the expense. Plans ior the new
infrmsry wers drawn BY Dr.. ]. 8. De-
Jarnelte, superintendent OF the hos.
pital, and the work will be done by day
labor.
DR.. Wsugh's bulletin, concerning
Senator Daniels condition Issued In
Lynchburg last night was as follows;
at is very gratifying to be able to state
tonight that Senator Daniels continues
t, improve, especially az regards the
mental condition. | lhlnk tina. I am
Tarrented In saying that the indications
are that his mind will clear sp more and
more from this time on.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1910-05-14
AVIATION ACCIDENT.

At O'Clock last night after the close
OF the IaviationI me citing in Lyons France,
M. -Michelin went up in an An
toinette monoplane While soaring he
passed the pylon in the center of the
aerodrome. As he returned he made
straight for the pylon, which, for some
unexplained reason, he was unable to
avoid, and he struck it with full force.
The aeroplane, which was new ma
chine, was cut in two. The pylon,
which was eight meters high, snapped
and fell on Michelin, striking him on the
head. Other avistors, including Paulan,
rushed to extricate him. Doctors arriv-
ed promptly. Michelin was insensible.
A priest arrived and administered ex-
treme JUNCTION to him. An automobile
conveyed him to hospital, where ire
Panning was performed, but the opera
tlon was not successful, and MichelIn
died at Io:Is. i.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1910-05-14

Ernest o. Willsrd found his wife In
company with Au. u,t Beach on canal
boat near Glen Echo, nesr Washington,
last night. He aimed 8 pisloI at Beach
and fred. The man fell wounded 10 the
side and neck. Beach, who Is canal
boatmao, living in Cumberland. vas
placed on street car and brought to
Washington and taken to Georgetown
University Hospital. His condition Is
not serious. After the shooting Willard
disappeared, tu! later was arrested nesr
the District line and Locked up in
Georgetown for the Maryland su!bo,i.
ties. ae is an iron worker, thirty.three
years old, and lives 10 Montgomery
country, Nd.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1910-05-14
SERIOUS CHARGES.

Special Mater In Ohsncery O. Yer
non Ford, OF Fstrfs1, who was appoint
ed by the Circuit Court OF Prince VIII
liam county to ascertain the facts and
make a report in the case of the board OF
supervisors OF Prince William county We.
James E. Herrell, the county treasurer,
has completed his In 7estigatlon, and yes
tetday filed his report In the clerks Of
fee. This report snstsins every charge
made against the treasurer but one.
This suit, which has been pending for
nearly three years, involves q number OF
serious charges sgainlt the defendant.
1t has excited wide interest In this and
surrounding couuties
Interest in the case was not lessened
by the fact that the ju lge of the Prince
William court felt taat he could not,
With propriety, sit In the case, and Gov.
ernor Swanson designated Judge Barley,
Of the Oorporstion Court of Alexandria,
to hear the cause. In view of the In.
tense feeling involved, it was deemed In
expedIent to have any of the masters OF
chaucery of the Prince William court
pass on the case, and Judge Barley re.
fsrred the cause to Mr. Ford, common
weslth's attorney for Fairfax county, to
ascertain and report the facts.
Oae of the charges preferred againHt
the defendant was thsti 1907 (at which
time the defendant was a candidate for
re.electiop), In making up The poll list
of qualified voters who had paid poll
taxes for three preceding years, and
were therefore entitled to vote, be placed
on the list the names of forty.seVen
persons who had been returned delin-
aoent, and that be had Jailed to account
tor The taxes. This charge, the COM
missioner 6nds, ia tue.
Another ground OF complaint was that
the treasurer had charged excessive COM
missions. On this count the commis-
aioner fiuds against the defendant, and
reports that the overcharge amounts to
1924 or.
The charge that The treasurer failed to
account for all of the penalty collected
by him on taxes not paid BY December
l Is also found 10 be tue, and the
amount OF default on thiH aect uut Ia as
certained to be 81, 650.S7.
The commissioner also reports to be
we'll founded ths charges that the defend
ant had not accounted for all OF the
money received by him on account OF
the sale and redemption of Delinquent
land and on account of interest received
on certain taxes.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1910-05-14
FRIGHTFUL ACCIDENT.

Pinned ulder dozen Whita-hct steel
blllets which Lad fallen from a tilling
steel buggy. William WeDvel, aged %
years, mtllTorker st the Jones- Laugh
lin steel works at Pi,tsburg, Pa, wss
burned to death yesterday before the
eyes OF score OF his fellow gorkmeo
who stood by poWerless to rescue their
comrade. Wenvel was pushing en-
empty buggy when passing steel car
rier, loaded with Shite-hot blocks of
steel, tipped over. Tne young man VAS
pinned down, his arms extended. His
ignittng, be made a perfect
cross OF flames, and before his comrades
could tear away the scorching meta;
cubes with grabhooks Wenyel's sbrieks
had ceased ann his body was blsckened
and burned to q crisp,
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1910-05-14
Preparing for the Funeral.

Berlin, May 14.-,The hour of Mr..
Roosevels's departure for Londop has
net yet been decided. The names of q
number of Uuit:d S.atsB military and
naval attaches who are now in Europe
have been submltted to Mr.. Roosevelt,
from which he will select an escort to
accompany him to the funeral OF King
Edws.d. This escort will probably moi
inclnde more than four men, "a Roosevelt
has no thought OF attempting to rivsl
the display made by the European rulers
who will stteud the funeral.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1910-05-14
THE BAPTISTS.

10 The Second Baptist Convention in
Baltimore yesterday Mr.. J. H. Shakes.
peare, OF London, told the Bspti.t, that
Roosevelt was the kind of man to resist
arrogant ipsitu ions. he declared that
II the Bsrt.sts work together they can
change religiously the map OF Europe 10
10 years The spsaker Is In this ooun.
try 10 raise funds to pay the expenses CT
continental paeachers to the Baptist
World Alliance, In Philadelphia, In
1911. He claimed that 10 q few years
Russia will be the great B tptlst country
In Europe and he raised s., l65 In 10
mil utes 10 defrsy the expenses OF bring
Ing Russian and Slsv pastors TO the Bap.
tlst World Alliance Convent ton in Phil
adelphia next year.
Strong resolutions we're prepared re.
gerdiug the Sunday school lessonp, and
they will be act upon later.
DR.. Preston Blake declared that the
preachers OF the future will be recruited
from the mountains.
The policy of avoiding alliances with
any other denomination, lett the purity
| of their doctrines be contaminated, vas
Endorsed.
Good reports we're made regarding the
Baptist work In Cuba and in the canal
zone.
a number OF young ladies' In the
training school, at louisville, have Sig
niied their Intention of becoming mis-
sionsrles.
The convention voted to request the
l. terdenominational Sunday School
Uoion 10 change the graded lessons 80
as TO eliminate snt'-Bsptist dogmss, and
reserved the right to withdraw II it did
not DO 40.
The stand OF the Home Mission Board
In refusing to join an INSTRUMENTATION.
al movement for union church In Pana-
ma Was approved.
II was decided to raise $50, 900 for
foreign misslons. $40, 900 for home mis-
atoms, 5000, 900 tor church building
fuad and $lS7, 900 for the Theological
Seminary in Louisville.
4 request from the northern Baptist,
to join In movement t, help educate
negto preachers In the sonth may be re.
ieoted or acceptad with provisions
tending to have the northern Bap-
lists reliDquish ;some school. In the
soutb.
Jacksonville, Fla, was chosen
for the meeting place In 1911.
The negro problem WAS discussed q.
night.
Volunteers may be asked tonight to 20
Into the misaion field.
At this mornings session of the
convention Rev. Dr.. John Roach
ssraton, of Baltimore, declared that
"Ruasis muat be freed, not by the can
mons mouth, but BY the Baptist faith"
At noon the convention was addressed
by Rev. Dr.. E. B. Meyer, OF London,
England, president Of the Worlds Sun
day school convention and known as the
greatest living Baptist preacher. The
executive committees OF the Southern
Baptist and the Northern Bsp,ists Coz
ventions, representing In all $500, 900
Bsptlst,, will meet 10 Baltimore on next
Tuesday,
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1910-05-14

The rscklessne.s aud cruelty often
shown by sutomobilists is becoming
alarming. The chauffeur and another
man and woman who were riding In 8
big yellow touring car tossed eight-year-
old Sadie Miller into the air In loth
street, near Second syeru', New YORK.,
yesterday afternoon. The occupants
did not even look back to SEQ where their
victim landed az they sped eastward and
escaped up First avenue. The skull OF
the little girl was fractured and her body
bruised. Fer chances for recovery are
slight. The car struck her squsrely and
threw her int, The sir, her body falling
In heap on the pavement.