davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1910-06-30

The Declaration of Rights was forerun'
ner Of the Declaration OF Independence. There
is nothing more essentially British than the
dictun that there shall be no taxation without
representation. or the early American states
men only Franklin and Otis wished to have
representation in the British parliament The
others considered that their own assemblies
should be the legislative bodies entirely and
that II any taxes were TO be imposed they
should be collected only with the consent OF
the colonial assemblies
The question of taxation. however, did not
enter into any controversies. for it was not
until the middle OF the eighteenth century that
Great Britain, exhausted by many wars and
seeking to replenish the national treasury,
sought extraordinary means for raising reve-
nue. and her ministers proposed that the col
onies, which had been growing In wealth and
Importance should be made to contribute TO
the impoverished exchequer. The French and
Indian war had shown the power of the col
onies and their force and had given a very
definite idea OF their growing wealth and Inn
portance.
Having reached the decision to tax the col
onies, the ministry did not spend any time in
preliminaries. II was decided that parliament
had the right 10 levy the taxes and the fact
that the colonies had no representation in that
body was not taken into account. Such mat
ter would ordinarily have been considered a
subject Cor delicate negotiation. but. the deci-
sion to tax having once been made, no time
was lost in levying II.
England had IN effect been constitutional
monarchy since the signing OF the Magma
Charta in 1915 and in taxing the colonies not
represented in the common council of the
Kingdom she had violated one of the oldest OF
the rights which every Briton claims.
Such was the situation In 1854 when the
struggle began which 10 years later brought
fc N tic Declaration of Independence and the
next year brought into being the first congress
of the American colonies, which decided that
the assembly had the power TO fix taxes. The
stamp acI was the first heavy impost levied
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1910-06-30

then rapidly becoming effaced. the king owned
all the land and distributed II among various
favored vassals.
The sovereign In the same way regarded
the new world as II IT had been won by the
sword. The most extravagant ideas prevailed
with regard to the wealth OF the American
lands. II was at one time soberiy believed
In England that gold and silver and precious
sto-es could be had for the taking and that
the natives we're the possessors Of fabulous
wealth. The king gave the charters In most
cases with the idea that he would profit great
~ from mines which would yield enormous
returns to the royal exchequer
When the colonists came here they found
Il necessary TO make good their titles either
by peaceful bargains with the Indians or by
force of arms. From the very first the spirit
of Independence was fostered, for hefs which
had to be maintained by constant vigilance
and negotiations and by show Of force did not
carry with them a deep sense OF obligation.
Indeed, even at that early day. although for
the throne the colonists entertained feelings
of loyalty and devotion. shrewd idea was
abroad that the king did not really own the
land which he had bestowed by his charter.
The conquest OF nature and of the savages be-
got a rugged independence which as the years
went by became more and more distasteful
10 the authorities in England
Yet the Idea OF separation from the crown
was OF slow growth The forefathers main
tanned that they were British subjects. al
though not living within the realm. as indeed
was specified in some OF che royal charters.
The Massachusetts charter. for instance, sets
forth that the colonists shall be considered
asst they and every one OF them were born
within the realm of England" As British sub
jects, then, they maintained that they should
be entitled TO representation, and therefore
each colony had its assembly which deter
mined upon all matters of the common veal
and established rates of taxation. 1t was one
of the principles expressed in the Magma Char
IA that the common council OF the kingdom
was to assess an aid or to assess a scutage,
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1910-06-30

by the mother country which provided for the
stamping of various legal instruments and pa
pers and contracts OF all kinds. as well as dice
and playing cards.
The news Of the passage of this act reused
the colonsts to fury. A gallows was erected
in what is now City Hall park New York, ana
the British governor was hanged in etfgy, and
the house of Major Jones. in command OF the
British regiment. was sacked Then came the
rising Of the Sons OF Liberty" and the raising
of the liberty poles Boston and Philadelphia
we're vortices of the storm. So emphatic was
the protest that much OF the act was repealed
and duties we're established on tea, which &C
counted for the sudden rain Of tea In Boston
harbor Then came the burning words OF Pat
rick Henry Give me liberty or give me
DEATH" before the Virginia in 177S The year
later brought the PRONUNCIATION of the Dec
laration of Rights and Privileges" in which II
was declared that every man had "the right
10" life. liberty and property and that most
ancient right granted at Runnymede. trial by
his peers OF the vicinage.'
Throughout all this time of storm and
strain the protests were made as British sub
iects, and that congress which met In Carpen-
ter's hall In 1774 was still loyal to the crown
Il petltioned the king, demonstrated with par
lament and appealed to their brethren in Eng
land. Then oGme Lexington and Concord. The
congress or lll0 made PROVISIONS lOI an army
with Washington as commander, and still pc
titioned It's petition refused and mer-
cenaries were hired from petty German
princes to--quotng the words Of LOSING
butcher British subjects for asserting the
rights of British subjects"
Richard Henry Lee OF Virginia offered the
independence resolution In June, ING. and a
committee was appointed to draft the declara-
tion consisting of Thomas Jefferson, John Ad-
ans Benjamin Franklin. Roger Sherman and
Robert Livingston. Jefferson wrote the docu-
ment and alterations were made principally
at the suggestion of Franklin and Adams. The
paper was submitted to congress on June 28.
II was laid on the table until July I. when nine
colonies voted in favor of 1t.
The independence resolution was actually
adopted July 2 and promulgated TO the
world on July 4. when John Hancock of Massa-
chusetts affixed TO it his bold signature.
The other members of the congress did not
sign It until August 2. and the impressive
scene connected with the signing was not wit
messed until nearly a month later, although 1t
is popularity associated with the Fourth of
July.
Centuries OF the progress of the rights of
man bear witness in the Declaration That "all
men are created equal and are endowed by
their Creator with certain unalienable rights,
that among these are life, liberty and the pur-
suit of happiness" was not new, for It was
recognized at Sinai That governments derive
erned had heen stated and restated in many
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1910-06-30
Hannlness In unseIflshness.

Some of the best and happlest hours
possible for a mans life are held in
trust for him, so to speak. by his
fellow men. lie cannot get them or
enjoy them by himself, and If he does
not love and serve his kind. lac wils
inevitably miss them. and be the
weaker and poorer for the loss.-New
Guide,
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1910-06-30

The truest love must ever seek the
highest good of its object; sometimes
even with forgetfulness of important
smaller advantages.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1910-06-30
"WORKS-AND-WORDS"
VIEW.

Ask each scholar to make chart
at home. covering the entire series of
10 lessons that relate to Christ Let
them classify each lesson according as
Christs works" or words" are prom
inent in it, or both, and let them add
the other facts given in the following
chart Explain what you want very
clearly, and compare the charts in the
class, lesson by lesson.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1910-06-30

and again.
in 1858. II
W as de-
clared by
the British
p e o pie.
then well
on their
W ay to
C o n s THU
tional lib
erty, tn at
mo money
was to be
levied for
the crown
w 1 tho ut
grant of
D a T | la
ment"
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1910-06-30

Fighting is hard work, whatever
sort of fighting it is. You cannot fight
without wounds OF body. heart or
soul
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1910-06-30

nymede and the birth OF
constitutional liberty. In these days of peace
and plenty the Fourth OF July is given to 'sa-
lutes OF cannon and the ringing OF bells and
20 the feu de joie" with variations. as John
Adams predicted that It would be, yet the
observance OF the Fourth as an occasion for
recalling memories past and giving thanks for
the deeds OF the patriot forefathers is sporadic
rather than general In the United States. The
Declaration OF Independence is not read from
the rostrum. II once was in every commu.
nifty and the orators TO the links have gone.
So much has been taken here as a matter
of course that Il seems hard TO realize that
this anniversary Is celebrated in the very Eng
land from which liberty was wrested and that
observances OF IL are oficially ordered in
many lands beyond the seas The Fourth OF
July has become international IN scope for It
has changed the governments OF nations
whose capitals are far from Independence hall.
SO widespread have its effects become as
studied In the light OF the present day that
in order TO get the true value Of all that the
declaration signifies 20 the world in 1910 Il is
necessary TO go back 10 the very beginning
OF American liberty.
Had not the ideas OF government held by
the coonists been essentially British there
would probably never have been any Declare
ton Of Independence II is as natural for the
Briton to demand his rights as II Is for him 10
live. The War OF the Revolution was largely
due to the fact that the two thousand miles OF
water between London and the colonies caused
parliament 10 lose sight OF the ties OF consan-
guinity and of race.
Although the original thirteen colonies
wero ~ essentially English In thought and
feeling they had never actually been estab-
ished by England as a national enterprise.
The only one which had ever received any
Official aid whatever was Georgia, and that
was not sufficient TO carry any such feeling
OF dependence as is essential for the preserva-
ton OF intimate colonial relations. The right
Go colonize the North American continent had
been granted by charters from a British king.
According TO the feudal system. which was
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1910-12-11
Twenty Bodies Taken
from Fernie Mine
Eighteen Entombed Miners Are Res
cued Alive and Seven Are Still
in the Pit.

FERNIE, B. c., Dec. fo.-Forty-five
miners were entombed by the explosion
last night in the Bellevue colliery, a short
distance from Frank, Alberta. Eighteen
have been rescued alive and twenty bod
les have been recovered OF the seven men
still in the pits four are believed to be
alive. They are in the upper workings
which they succeeded in walling off to
prevent the spread of gas
BY midnight. little more than two hours
after the explosion, the mine was suffi-
GENTLY clear Of smoke so that men could
enter.
Appeals for help we're sent to Fernie'
where the provincial government OF Brit
ish Columbia had recently installed rescue
apparatus. special train on the cana
dian Pacific railroad with physicians ana
nurses made record time to Frank, where
the oxygen helmets and other special res
cue apparatus proved Of great value
Before morning eighteen men had peeh
taken out alive. All haye good chance
for recovery, though many are badly
burned.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1910-12-11
Mira. s. s. wilcox.
DRAINAGE FIGHT is SETTLED
what at One Time Looked Like Law
suit Compounded.

what at one Time Looked Like Law
suit Compounded.
FREMONT Neb., Dec. m-(special')-
what at one time looked like deadlock
ana a protracted legal fight between the
CITY OF Fremont and the Elkhorn Drain
age district was adjusted yesterday after
noon by the city council practically aeceed-
ing to the demands Of the district. The
plans for the use fthe sewer ditch Tor
art OF the way andp its widening and deep
ening FOR that distance. At the same time
the people who are back Of the drainage
district asked the council TO have the sewer
ditch cleaned, deepened and put in shape
the balance of the way.
The committee on sewage reported
against the cleaning out plan and Mayor
Burren. who is himself an engineer, OPP
posed the widening Of the ditch in places
on the ground that 1t would prevent
constant flow OF water. The drainage COM
pany then threatened to put in a ditch par
aiel with the sewer ditch which would
take all the water from the latter. The
council then unanimously came to the con-
clusion that the drainage company had the
best OF them and granted the application
of the company for permission TO widen
and deepen the ditch for a short distance
There were threats OF injunetiOns and con-
demnation proceedings and had a settle
ment not been made, pIOtracted litigation
would have followed.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1910-12-11
Lawson Tells of
the Manipulation
Of Copper Stocks
Boston Copper Magnste is Witness in
Suit Brought by Heinze to Re-
cover Collateral.

BOSTON. Dec. 1o.--Thomas w Lawson
attempted today to shed some light on the
rise and fall of Ohio copper in May, 1909,
as bearing on the allegations of f. Angus
tus Heinze in his suit TO recover collateral
pledged with A. ID. +. Adams of this city,
which he claims was sold without his
Heinzes) consent
The case Is being heard by F. lockwood
Hall. master appointed by the supreme
court.
Mr.. Lawson said he entered into an
agreement with Carlos warfield, f. Angus
tus Helnze and James r. Keene regarding
management Of a market campaign in Ohio
copper which should enhance the value of
the stock from Is to s. a share He was
assured by Mr.. Warfield that the greater
part of the stock was closely held and that
very little stock would come out during
the rise.
Mr., Lawson said he began purchasing the
stock and continued IL until II had gone
above ~ q share, purchasing and selling in
the two weeks of the rise some $1,000
shares When the stock reached S a share
he was led to believe on investigation that
Ohio copper stock, which he had been as
sured by Warfield and Keene would not be
offered, was nevertheless being thrown on
the market in large blocks. He ceased his
operations at once on May g. 1899.
Counsel tried to obtain from Mr.. Lawson
his idea OF the reputation OF Mr.. Heinze
for truth and veracity, but there was oh
lection. Mr. Lawson was allowed to say,
how r. that he had not spoken to Mr..
Hei Sior eight years and did not want to
have any business relations with him.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1910-12-11
Brazilian Naval
Battalion Revolts
MutineeTs Surrender After Their Bar.
racks Are Bombarded for
Several Hours.

RIO JANEIRo, Dec. 1o.-The naval bat
talon In the barracks on Combra Island,
situated in the bay short distance from
this city, mutinied last night The mutt
neers were supported by the scout ship
Rio Grande DO Sui, which took part in the
naval revolt last month.
For time there was intense excitement
in the city and the government officials
hurriedly met and decided on prompt and
energetic methods to suppress the out
break.
The shore batteries and the loyal war
ships in the harbor were ordered 70 fire on
the rebels.
At o'clock this morning the guns were
turned upon Combra Island and furious
cannonading continued for several hours.
At y O'Clock this forenoon the white
flag appeared over the barracks and the
bombardment ceased. The revolters then
made a formal offer to surrender.
The excitement among the public soon
subsidized and a. noon affairs were assum-
ing their normal course.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1910-12-11

HASTINGS. Neb., Dec. l0.-(special)-
Secretary A. II. Smith Of the Nebraska
Poultry association has announced that a
number of chickens valued at from $50
70 $500 each win be exhibited at the state
poultry show here, January 16 TO %. Last
January the state show was held in Hast
ings fer the first time IN many years. and
the attendance broke all former records.
A larger number OF entries are expected
for the forthcoming event In connection
with the show the American Poultry asso-
citation win hold ~ annual meeting. which
Is expected 20 bring chicken faneiers from
Iowa, KANSAS and ether states. Twenty
silver cups. pockstful Of S gold pieces
and numerous medals win be awarded as
prizes, and eaeh night a trio Of birds
valued at from $40 to SIS viii be given
away.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1910-12-11
Democrats Break
Bread with Harmon
Luncheon is Served at Washington
and Politics the One Thing
Under Discussion.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 1O.-(Special Tele-
gram -what Washington looks upon as
the opening OF the Harmon boom for the
presidency developed today when Repre-
sentative Burton Harrison. of New York
invited forty-eight prominent democrats to
a luncheon with Governor Judson Harmon
of Ohio as the guest of honor. The
luncheon was served in the Metropolitan
club Politics was the one subject dis
cussed and booms past and present got
thorough treatment. 1t was recalled that
Representative Harrison was a candidate
for the vice presidential nomination before
the Denver convention.
The Bryan faction was recognized in the
invitation to Theodore Bell OF California.
Mr. Bell was debated for the governorship
of California by Hiram Johnson. 1t was
the insistence of William ]. Bryan that
made Bell temporary chairman of the
Denver convention over Henry Clayton.
whom the southern democrats favored.
Clayton was conciliated by being perma-
nent chairman Bell. the Bryanite, made
the keynote speech.
The following others were present at the
luncheon;
Champ Clark. Missouri: Henry Clayton,
Alabama Joseph T. Robinson, Arkansas;
Atterson w. Rucker and John A Martin,
Colorado; Charles G. Edwards, Georgia;
Gordon Lee, Georgia; Henry T. Ranney and
Martin ID. Foster. Illinois; Lincoln Dixon
and Charles A. Korbley, Indiana; swagger
Sherey Kentucky; James H. Covington,
Maryland; Andrew J. Peterson, Massachu-
sets; Thomas A. Sisson. Mississippi; James
p, Latta, Nebraska; Eugene Kinkaid, New
Jersey; Claude Kitchen. North Carolina
Charles d. Carter, oklahoma David E.
Finley, South Carolina; Lemuel p. Padgett
and f. j. Garrow. Tennessee; Jack BeaIl,
Texas H. d. Flood. Virginia; F. Clark,
Florida; William M Howard, Georgia;
Edward T. Taylor, Colorado; C. L. Bart
lett, Georgia; ollie NJ. James and A. o.
Stanley; Kentucky; j. A. Keliher, Massa-
ohusetts; James T. Lloyd. William P. Bor-
land and D. w. Shaekleford, Missouri; Will
liam Hughes. New Jersey; c. " Fornes,
New York. Edward w. Pouvjpou and Ed
ward Y. Webb, North Carolina; Timothy T.
Ansberry, Ohio; william b. Wilson, Penn
sylvania; ]. A. Moon, Tennessee; J. l.
slayden, Texas; J, e. Cox, Ohio; William
sulzer, New York; Judson Harmon, Ohio
and John Bell, California.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1910-12-11
Mexican Insurgents
Expect Movement
to Spread Rapidly
Men Under Arms in Chihuahua Re.
gard Themselves as Spark Which
Will Set Country Aflame.

CHIHUAHUA. Mex, Dec. 10.-(Via FL
Paso, Tex.)-Federal soldiers are now at
CarFeta and insurrectos at Santa Isabel,
forty miles apart. The insurrectos are
within a few miles OF Padernales, where
the Associated Press correspondent left
them after a three days trip in their midst.
The correspondent counted $50 perfectly
armed and equipped insurrectos In the
streets OF Ranch yesterday. An equal num-
beS were reported scouting. In none Of
the towns along the border were any nom
combatants to be seen except young boys
and very old men.
Insurrectos in this state regard them
selves as the spark which will set the
whole country on fire, and all are fully
aware that no other part of Mexico is in
arms. The men declare they are not fight
ing to put Francisco Madero into office,
but for an honest ballot and to save the
country from possible anarchy as the re-
suit of the present system of oppression.
The insurrectos gained control of Guer-
zero, which is quite large town, without
bloodshed. The federal force there num-
bers but sixty. Some OF these deserted,
they say. and found jobs in the mines, while
others Joined the Insurgents.
Ell PASO, Tex, Dec. 10--Luther T. Ellis
worth, United States consul at Ciudad
Porfirio Dias, returned to Maria last night
after an automobile tour OF the border in
the big Bend" country. south of Maria
and east of Eel Paso. He confirmed the re-
ports that several hundred Mexican families
were refugees on the Texas side of the
river and that Ojinaga Mulatos and other
towns along the border were threatened
with invasion by insurrectos.
Insurrectos sent an ultlmatum to the
mayor of Ojlnaga on Friday informing him
in the name of humanity to send the
women and children across the line into
Texas.
Considerable suffering and some lawless-
ness is reported among the refugees
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1910-12-11
HIGH PRICE FROM HIGH LYING


CONTINUED from Fist PaSe.)
Der OF votes, as compared with the success
ful candidates Of last year Perhaps 12,OOO,0O0
votes were cast in the country and there
should be 20,OOOOO0. People growl around
about bossing and bosses and then refuse
to take Their rights If anybody made a
move to deny them the right to vote they
would value II rather highly, / think.
In my travels l have found very little
bitterness over the result OF the election
II was bound to come and everybody knew
It. The majority Of people would be better
satisfied II the republican party had won
but II was not unexpected. We had it all
figured out beforehand. l expected Me-
hraska would elect a republican governor,
because Of the stand taken by Mr.. Bryan,
but the rest OF II is a perfectly natural
development
IAN Of this trouble about high prices and
al Of this political sentiment viii blow
over. The wise legislator the man like Taft.
knows that legislation can be well done
only when there Is calm not In the time Of
excitement. That is why Taft is so efficient.
He knows that legislation is done by the
people, not by the government and can
only be done when the people are thinking.
net when they are excited. But things will
sottle down again and we viii get over our
difficulties"
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1910-12-11
Mohammedans and
Hindus in Serious
Riot in Calcutta
Number of Persons Killed in Fight
Between Religious Penalties
Troops Restore Order.

CALCUTTA. Dec. 1O-Serious fighting be-
tween rival religious factions, which began
last night, was continued this morning.
Several of the cOmbatants were killed and
many were injured. Troops were finally
called out and a Maxim gun trained on
the fighters, but the fanatics were not dis
mayed and were only routed after several
charges by the soldiers.
The trouble began when the Hindus pro-
tested against the approaching Mohamme-
dan religious festival at which it is custo-
mary to sacrifice COWS, animals sacred to
the Hindu mind.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1910-12-11

from Bryan, he was hit over the head with
stuffed club Bryan himself was not
even allowed to set foot on the wagon
STEP and as the various candidates were
quarrelling among themselves wall
street" personified by portly gentlemen In
silk hat and wearing much jewelry settled
the matter by dragging off Miss Democ-
racy with the declaration that Il am the
person who will decide who'll ride on that
wagon"
The republican elements among the
guests while enjoying the fluctuations OF
the democratic candidates had their mirth
tempered from time to time as the hall
was darkened for few moments while
projecting lantern threw upon the screen
bulletins showing how the tidal wave OF
Democracy was sweeping over through one
time republican strongholds.