The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1910-01-15
INSTRUCTIVE TALKS
At HAMILTON
FRulT SCHOOL BRINGS our IN
TEREsTiNc ADDRESSES
FROM EXPERTS.

Hamilton, Jan 1.-THE Factors
tina. Make up a Good Erui; Section"
WAS the subject of a lecture delivered
at the fruit school yesterday after
noon by Professor. .. r. Whippie. His
lecture was Instructive to the extreme
and held the close attention Of ths
many fruit growers that We're in at
tendance. Professor whipple first
showed the difference in meaning of
the terms orchard section and .or-
chard site" He said: In using the
term section we refer TO a more or
less extensive area Of land. while the
term site designates the definite 10
cation of the orchard within the Sec
ton Following the subject up, he
made the following statements ID re-
gard to the choosing Of each:
Factors that might be considered
in choosing a fruit section are: Trans
porfation facilities. The labor prob
lem. The presence or absence Of in
furious insects or plant diseases. The
liability Of damage from late spring
frosts. Length Of season Nearby
markets or frnitgrowers organizations
for selling.
Factors that. might he considered
in choosing the site are: Soil. Nat
mral protection from frost Natural
protection from seepaee. The ex-
posture Nearness to shipping point.
Orchard Soils.
Professor Whipple then took up the
matter Of soils in the choosing of or
chard lands. ALSO the. protection from
.frosts and seepage. making the fol-
lowing points:
IT may be said, after considering
all points. that. the medium sandy soil
is best adapted to fruitgrowine. All
soils. however. have their ADVANTAGES
and disadvantages. Heavy soils are
more fertile: hold moisture better and
are not so liable 10 dry out during
winter. They ar. more subject to
seepase
Light soits-Moisiure conditions
can be better controlled and there Is
less danger OF seepage. They do not
retain water So well as less fertile.
and are liable to dry out in, winter
Natural protection from frost II 10
he found in proximity to large bodies
of water and protection afforded in
narrow. canyons, high cliffs and cle-
NatSus SseSS. TIL Fiett'tisH sttI-
age, choose sites near river In low
lands or near edge OF benches !.
Protection.
In regard To frost protection the /
following points were discussed by
Frcfessor Whipple:
In discussing the matter Of frost
protection the points To be considered
are: Natural protection: protection
hSs retarding the blooming period; the
uses OF water in fighting frost: |.
! sI1ldging: orchard heating. Natnraf
protecfion-canyon breezes; high.
bluffs. elevated land. large bodies of
water. Retarding the blooming period
--Whitewashing plants covering
plants. withholding water. mulching I
plants, Protecting the orchard with
water-Thcory Of such protection: ir-
rigation. spraying: may be detrimental
10 orchard in other ways. Smudging-
The theory of smudgins. amount of
protection it affords. difficulties.
Professor Atkinson.
Professor A, Atkinson's lecture on
Maintenance of Soil Fertility" was
an address If practical interest. which
part Of the fruitgrowers. These anes-
lions were discussed by all present
each stating his own experience in re-
gard TO results obtained. Professor
lAtkinson's address might be summar-
ICED In the following statements.
There are eleven essential plant
foods. These come from the AIR, "a
per cent and from the s,il, five per
cent or the soil elements all ate
abundantly present in most soils ex-
cept three: nitrogen. phosphorus and
potash
Crops reduce these elements and the
supply must be replenished from time
10 time If production is 10 be kept
up Nitrogen exists naturally In the
air. but must become Incorporated
with the soil 10 he taken up h. The
plant roots. before i; Is % value n
growth.
The supply of nitrogen ma. be- Kept
IN b. growing legumiaoi.s crops like
alfalfa. peas. beans. clover. ETC. oeca-
sionally ON the soil. j. this Is rot
done the farmer viii be forced 10 the
purchase of commercial fertilizers,
Phosphorus and potash exist as con
ststuents af the rseiSs, and become
available slowly. Praner cultivation is
essential 10 bring these elements into
an available state. Whan they h.s-
come exhausted ia the soil, the lass
can only DE made up by purchasing
these elements On the markets.
sufficient humus 10 make for
proper physical coalition AMI inteili-
se7t cultivation al add Ia the pro-
fpcing possibilities AM he soils fer
.iiity"
Superintendent Yo.as.
The lecture last evening isy sdpcrIa- ;
tendent q. r. Young of eh- Suite
schools was Well attended, and N.Y.. ed |