The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1910-02-20
CARL HORST TELLS
HOW ENGINES WORK
Gives Technical Discussion on
Mechanism of Cars, Gears
and ShaftingS.
is "GREEK" TO LAYMAN
PUBLIC, HOWEVER, WILL BE Ed
UcATED DURING AUTO SHOW.

In technical discussion of the auto
mobile. and of its inner workings. Carl
Horst endeavors to give a few hints in
a disinterested way to purchasers Of au-
tomobiles. 1T is a fact" said Mr..
Horst, that the test of an automobile
lies almost entirely in the efficiency of
its engine.
''The work that the automobiles en-
CINE has 10 do varies under the many
changing conditions" he said. There
fore, an adjustment of the relation of
the revolutions Of the crankshaft and
tho driving wheels must be provided.
This adjustment is provided by the
change-speed mechanism. Assuming
that the drive wheels revOlve once
against twelve revolutions Of the crank
shaft the speed Of the car will only be
one-sixth Of what it would be If the
wheel revolved for every two revOlu-
tons OF the crankshaft. But, and here
is the point, the car, when so geared,
win have six times the power to over
come resistance as presented by a hill.
for instance, or a piece of heavy going
in sand or mud in the level stretches.
''If the connections Of the engine were
such that the relations between the
number Of revolutions Of the driving
wheels and of the crankshaft could not
be adjusted, the resistance of a hill or
a piece of heavy going on the road
would reduce the speed Of the engine.
The speed of an engine Is an important
factor in the amount of power it deliv-
ers, therefore, and this at the time when
the power is most needed. In the
types of change-speed mechanisms,
most generally IN use, the relative num-
Der of revolutions of the crankshaft TO
one of the wheels may be varied to from
two to eighteen. AT the former point,
high speed is made possible, but in the
latter there is far greater ability to
overcome steep grades and heavy travel
on the road.
Adjustment Of Gears.
Gears are used to secure these ad-
justments. If two gears having the
same number Of teeth are in mesh. this
viii make an equal number of revolu-
lions, and the driven gear will revolve
at a force equal 70 that of the driving
gear, less the friction of the teeth. But,
If the driven gear has twice as many
teeth as the driving gear, ii will revolve
at half the speed, but with twice as
much force.
This is the basic principle Of most
Change-speed meChanisms. It's appli-
cation is such that the gear driven by
the engine may De In mesh with gears
varying in numbers of teeth. It may
be in mesh with a gear having twice
as many teeth or one and One-half
times as many, or having an equal
number. The sliding gear mechanism
is sO-called because Of the arrange
ments for the changes in the combina-
lions Of gears. These changes are eff
fected by sliding these gears along a
shaft to mesh with other gears on the
shaft driven by the engine.
The change is made by the driver,
who moves a lever from his seat. In
tiae progressive type the lever moves
forward by degrees for the low, the in
termediate and the high speed. Typical
", the power Of the engine is transmit
ted to a sleeve, a short, hollow shaft,
which carries a gear in permanent
mesh, with a gear on the end of the