The Yale expositor., 1910-05-13


of the aula at the University of Berlin,
and delivered lecture on "The World
Movement" He spoke in English and
was listened to with the deepest in
terest.
Beginning with an eloquent eulogy
of the German race and its achieve
ments, the lecturer soon reached the
main theme of his discourse, and re-
viewed the civilization and culture, so
far as we know them, of the earliest
peoples and their contributions to the
modern world. He then continued:
At last, n little over 400 years
ago, the movement towards a world civili-
zation took up its interrupted march. The
beginning of the modern movement may
roughly be taken as synchronizing with
the discovery of printing, and with that
series of bold sea ventures which culmi-
mated in tho discovery OF America: and
after these two epochal feats had begun
to produce their full effects in material
and intellectual llfe Il became inevitable
that civilization should thereafter differ
not only in degree but even in kind from
all that had gone before. Immediately
after the voyage of Columbus and Vasco
da Cana there began a tremendous re-
ligfous ferment, the awakening of intel
lect went hand in hand with the moral
uprising: the great names OF Copernicus,
Bruno, Kepler, and Calico show that the
mind OF man was breaking the fetters
that had cramped ST. and for the first
time experimentation was used as checl
upon observation and theorization. Since
then, century by century, the changes
have increased in rapidity and complex
ity. and have attained their maximum in
both respects during the century just
past.
Instead of being directed by one or two
dominant peoples, as was the case with
all similar movements OF the past the
new movement was shared by many diff
forent nations. From every standpoint II
has been of infinitely greater moment
than anything hitherto seen. Not in one
but in many different peoples there has
been extraordinary growth in wealth. in
population. in power OF organization. and
in mastery over mechanical activity and
| natural resources. All of this has been
accompanied and signalized by an i'm
mense outburst OF energy and restless
initiative. The result is varied as 1t is
| striking.
Conquest Of the World.
In the first place. representatives OF this
civilization. by their conquest of space.
were enabled to spread into all the prac-
| tically vacant continents, while at the
| same time, by their triumphs In organiza-
ton and mechanical invention, they ac-
| quired an unheard-of military superiority
as compared with their former rivals. To
| these two facts Is primarily due the
further fact that for the first time there
| Is really something that approaches
| world civilization, n world movement. The
| spread of the European peoples since the
| days of Ferdinand the Catholic and Ivan
the Terrible has been across every sea
! and over every continent. In places the
| of fq
has been new wandering of the peoples.
| and new commemorative have sprung UP
! in which the people are entirely or main
| L. of European blood. This is what hap
| pened in the temperate and sub-tropical
regions of the Western Hemisphere, in
Australia, in portions OF northern Asia
and southern Africa. In other places the
conquest has been purely political. the
| Europeans representing for the most part
merely small caste OF soldiers and ad-
| mnistrators, as In most of tropical Asia
| and Africa and I'm much OF tropical Amer
lea. Finally, here and there instances oc-
cur where there has been no conquest at
all. but where an alien people is profound
| ly and radically changed by the mere i'm
pact OF western civilization.
There are of course many grades be-
tween these different types OF influence.
but the net outcome of what has occurred
during the last four centuries is that civil
| lization of the European type now exer-
cises a more or less profound effect over
| practically the entire world. There are
hooks and corners to which IL has not yet
| penetrated; but there Is at present no
| large space Of territory in which the gen.
eral movement of civilized activity does
not make itself more or less felt. This
| represents something wholly different
from what has ever hitherto been seen.
In the greatest days of Roman dominion
the influence of Rome was felt over only
| % f1,o n -
surface. over much the larger part of the
world the process of change and develop
| uent was absolutely unaffected by any
hing that occurred in the Roman empire;
nd those communities the play of whose
lfluence was felt in action and. reaction.
nd In inter-action, among themselves,
we're grouped Immediately around the
Mediterranean. Now. however. the whole
world Is bound together as never before;
the bonds are sometimes those of hatred
rather than love, but they are bonds
nevertheless.
All the Nations Linked.
FrownIng or hopeful, every man of lead
ership in any line OF thought or effort
must now look beyond the limits of his
own country. The student of sociology
may live in Berlin or st. Petersburg
Rome or London. OF he may live In Mel
bourne or San Francisco or Buenos Aires
but in whatever city he lives, he must pay
heed to the studies OF men who live In
each OF the other cities. When in Amer
lea we study labor problems and attempt
to deal with subjects such as life insur-
ance for wage-workers. we turn TO see
| what you do here I'm Germany. and we
also turn 20 see what the far-off com.
| monwealth OF New Zealand is doing
| When a great German scientist is warning
against the most dreaded enemies of man
kind, creatures OF inanitesimal size which
| the microscope reveals IN his blood, hS
may spend his holidays Of study In cen.
trail Africa or I'm eastern Asia; and he
must know what is accomplished in tho
laboratories OF Tokyo, just as he mus
know the details OF that practical applica
ton OF science which has changed th'
Isthmus OF Panama from death-traI
into what is almost health resort. Ever,
progressive I'm China Is striving to intro
duce western methods OF education ant
administration, and hundreds OF European
and American books are now translated
into Chinese. The influence OF European
governmental principles is strikingiy IL
Illustrated by the fact that admiration fo
them has broken down the iron barriers o
Moslem conservatism, so that their intro
iuction has become burning question II
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