davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-07-17
Charles r. Monroe Took it to Com
nit Suicide and Now His
Wife Wants a Divorce
From Him.
INHUMAN TREATMENT
Declares That he Mistreated Her in
Addition to Trying on Sew
erai Occasions to Take
Life.

-
Charles R. Monroe, the amateur pho
tographer who attempted to commlt
suicide by administering chloroform to
himself, was made defendant Saturday
in a suit for divorce brought by his
wife, Mrs. Jennie Monroe, in the dis
trict court. She charges cruel and
inhuman, treatment and declares that
as result OF his numerous attempts
to take his own life her health has
been endang ered. They were married
August 90, 1909, and lived together un-
til July Z.
Final report of Annette M. Sawyer
and Hazen l. Sawyer, executors of the
estate of /. A. Sawyer, deceased, will
be heard by Judge Bank on July q;
also final report in the matter of Eliza
beth A. Simmonds. C. A. Simmonds is
port of Mary Weinberg, guardian of
Vera and Carl Weinberg, was filed in
the clerks office of the district court.
Mrs. Fanny McGovern has filed an
information in the superior court
against Mary Happs, charging her
with disturbing the peace. They live
In the same house at No. 1918 High
street, which Is owned by Mrs. Happs,
who is trying to Gust Mrs. McGovern,
although the latter claims to have paid
rent until August 8.
The $1,000 damage suit against the
city of Keokuk brought in the superior
court by James Roseberry has been
dismissed. The suit was for alleged
personal Injuries sustained at Twelfth
and Exchange streets, because of a
defective sidewalk. The case was set
tied upon payment of $25.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-07-17
Loca Live stock.

Local Live Stock.
KEOKUK, July 1.-THE following
live stock market furnished today by
Joseph Haubert:
Hogs-Gooa butchers, SS.500S8.75.
Sheep Butchers, S5.o0@6.0O
Calves S5.50@6.50.
Local Produce.
KEOKUK, July 15.-The following
produce market furnished by the S. P.
Pond company:
Butter-Shippers pay 201a @21c.
Eggs-12c
Poultry-Hens, 11@12hc; cocks, &C.
New York Produce.
NEW YORK, July 15.-Today's pro-
duce markets are as follows:
Butter-Cr Creamery, extra, 2SA a
2Shc.
Process--Special, 251s.
Eggs-Fresh gathered, western
firsts-17@1Sc.
Dressed fowl-Fancy boxed. THO
1Sc.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-07-17
GALLAND.
. = = = . 4 = = .

Mr.. Henry Rider of Belfast called on
ms sister Mrs. John Noonan, Friday
evening.
Miss Blanche osburn entertained
her friend Rose Blackburn of Keokuk
Sunday
Mr.. John Driscoll was Montrose
caller on Friday, of last week
Mr.. L. Hemingway and sons
George and Wilfred were Keokuk
callers Saturday
Mrs. Martha Hemingway spent Sun
day in the country, with her daughter
Mrs. Andrew Phillip.
Mr.. Herman warwick of near Mon.
trose was a Galland caller Sunday
night.
Mr.. and Mrs. t. ]. Harrington en-
joyed a drive 70 Keokuk Wednesday
evening.
Miss Emma Noonan was in Mont
rose Thursday afternoon.
Mrs. T. w. Noonan and daughter
Mrs. John Miniter were Keokuk
callers Saturday.
Miss Grace Noonan visited in Keo-
kuk few days this week.
Messrs. Robert Noonan, William
Myers aid Fred Johnson enjoyed a
launch ride to Montrose, Sunday
afternoon.
Miss Marie Johnson spent Monday
afternoon in Montrose.
Mr.. and Mrs. Timothy Boyle Jr.
were in Keokuk Thursday of this
week.
Mr.. Pete Johnson is painting his
residence this week
Lawrence Gale and James Fowler
of near Montrose were in Galland
Sunday evening.
Mrs S. P. Johnson is on the sick
list.
The following young people of this
place attended the lawn social at the
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-07-17
Daily Grain etter

CHICAGO, July Wheat-En-
thusiastic bull sentiment prevails
among all classes of professional
traders. Realizing sales temporarily
checked the upward course of the mar
ket, but new high levels were reached.
Spring wheat crop advices continue
sensationally bad and the few favor
able ones that come in are absolutely
ignored. The congested condition of
July delivery makes it easier to bull
September Offerings of new wheat
for August shipment have been disap-
pointing, although winter wheat crop
adyices are extremely favorable. Can
adam advices are becoming quite bull
ish and are affecting foreign mar
kets to some extent. Liverpool mar
ket was easier on reports of rain in
the Russian spring wheat districts
and free offerings for Australia. SEN
timent seems likely to carry the mar
ket to higher level pending move
ment of winter wheat.
Corn General buying by commits
sion houses for outsiders who were
Influenced by strength in wheat and
some talk of corn firing in the south
west started the market firm and
kept it so. Local professionals who
have been on tae bull side, liquidated
| freely. Cudahy and few more lead
ing professionals are becoming quite
active on the short side of May corn.
| Crop reports are excellent and barring
unusual circumstances the ample sup
ply of moisture assures a big crop.
! We feel that sales of May and De-
cember corn on hard spots will event
ually result profitably. September is
heavily oversold and may congest as
a result of light movement and small
| stocks. sffsaI
| Oats7+Continue to follow the gener-
al trend of the other grains Trade
| is not of large volume. Receipts,
while slightly larger are still disap-
pointing Crop advices mostly favor
able, but light yield is complained OF
4 in some sections. Offerings for Aug
ust shipment continue fairly liberal
and the hedging pressure will be
/ burdensome.
Provisions-R Receipts of hogs con
tinue liberal and well over those
last year, quality is excellent. Cash
demand for all product is dull owing
to high prices and restricted consump-
ton. Pit trade is light. being mostly
Of scalping nature There has been
some liquidation by commission
houses and on any advance the pack
! ing interests are free sellers. We
4 believe moderate sales on hard spots
! will result profitably.
Sample market-Corn and prices
about steady Offerings fair, demand
! moderate. Oats, about unchanged.
Fairly good local demand. Offerings
fairly liberal but well taken
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-07-17

Hatton home near Montrose Monday
evening: Misses Alta Hemingway,
Nellie Harrington and Anna Driscoll.
Messrs. Bryan Harrington and Rhode
Driscoll
turned home from Nauvoo Thursday
after few days visit with her brother
Warren Balm.
After two weeks visit with home
folks Mr.. Bryan Harrington returned
to Kansas Wednesday morning.
Mrs. John Bond of Keokuk spent
Saturday and Sunday with her mother
Mrs. Adams of this place.
A dance is scheduled for Saturday
evening at the Galland school house.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-07-17
kAHokA. MO-,
= = . . = = . = . . = =

Aaron Sherwood made a trip to Mt.
Pleasant, Iowa, Saturday, returning
Monday.
At the home of Mr.. and Mrs. Levi
P. Conlee in the west part of town,
Tuesday evening at 8 o'clock, occurred
the wedding of their daughter, Miss
Olive to Mr.. Ora Boley. Rev e. M.
Houchen officiating in the presence
of relatives and invited guests. Mr..
and Mrs. Boley are two of Clark coun-
tvs best young people, and have the
best wishes of host of friends for
a bright married life.
F. w. Brazil of Slater, Mo, arc expert
Is in Kahoka and will have charge of
the motion picture show until every
thing is put in good running order.
Kahoka l. o. o. F. lodge will install
officers next Tuesday night
J. r. Hawey, of Kirksville is in
Kahoka in the interest of the Chautau-
qua.
The regular semi-monthly meeting
of the Eagles next Monday night. A
large attendance is desired.
Mrs. Lillian Bulls infant class gave
very pleasant recital at the home of
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Story Tuesday
evening, ice cream and cake were
served and delightful evening enjoy
ed.
A horse belonging to Adam Osch-
senbecher ran away Wednesday even
ing. The driver was thrown out and
the cart and harness badly demolished
| The driver, son was hurt.
Misses Florence Mattick and Della
Dounelly left Thursday for visit
| in Colorado Springs and Newton, Kan
| sas.
A. G. Trump was shopping in st.
Louis portion of this week.
The Kahoka condensed milk factory
is now receiving milk.
Mr.. and Mrs. B. f. Waggener are in
Minneapolis visiting friends.
Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Sherman are in
Colorado Springs for short sojourn
Harry Martin was in La Plata, We'd
nesday on business.
Ellis Stevenson is in Kansas City
on business.
One of Kahoka's enterprising citi-
zens will soon start candy kitchen in
the room recently vacated by l.. l..
Duer
Sam Wells left this week for Lola,
Kansas.
A. Glasburn has accepted the posi-
ton as fireman at the power house
Miss Annie Weber fell from step
ladder, WEDNESDAY and sustained some
painful bruises.
The story goes that few years age
one of Clark county's representatives
arose in the House and began to speak
and during his remarks referred ire
uuently to Clark county. Finally some
one asked. Where Is Clark county,
The matter was treated as huge
Joke. But recently people of the stat
have begun to find that Clark count.
is pretty much on the map. One Q
her citizens is now at the head of tn
state board of health, another is assis
| tant attorney general, another ha
been state bank examiner for owe
four years, and still another is connect
ed with the states beer inspector dc
partment, two of our young ladies ar
/ clerks in the state board of healt
office, and if there are other job
around loose we expect to pick Their
UP also Now, where is Clar
county,
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-07-17
ADVERTISED LETTERS.

List of letters remaining in the Keo-
kuk postoffice uncalled for, for week
ending July 16, 1910:
Ladies.
Miss Ida Aiken.
Mrs. Della Banks.
Miss Marie Smith.
Mrs. NJ. A. Wilson.
Gentlemen.
Frank Barker.
Beatrice Creamery Co.
John s. Daniels.
John p. Evans.
A. G. Harris.
j L. Lynn.
Alfred Mandy
Natl. Mfg. Auditing & Credit Co.
Ralph Oliver.
T. F. Hickman.
G. L. Shanks.
James Siman.
Williamson Produce Co.
Persons calling for letters in above
list will please say they are adver-
tised.
S. w. MOOREHEAD,
Postmaster.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-07-17
Catarrh Cannot be Cured

cannot reach the seat of the disease Ca
tarrh is blood or constitutional disease
and In order to cure 1t you must take in
ternal remedies. Halls Catarrh Cure is
taken internally, and acts directly on the
blood and mucous surfaces. Halls Co.
tarrh Cure is not a quacls medicine. It
was prescribed by one of the best ply
sicians in this country for years and is
regular prescription. 1t is composed
of the best tonics known, combined with
the best blood purifiers, acting directly
on the mucous surfaces. The perfect com
binatfon of the two ingredients is what
produces such wonderful results In cur
Ing Catarrh. Send for testimonials free
g. j. CHENEY q CO., Props,
Toledo. o.
Sold by Druggists, price 75c
Take Halls Family Pills for constipa-
ton.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-07-17
RIBS
Chicago Car Lots.
Northwest Receipts.
Chicago Cash Grain.

Z CHICAGO, July 16.-Wheat-No 2
red. 81. o9@1.12; No. 8 red, s1.0S@1.11;
No. 2 hard winter, S1o9@1.15; No. 8
hard winter, s1.oS@11o; No. 1 north
ern spring, $1.24@1 26; No. northern
spring, S11S@1.24; No. spring, S1.15
M1.15.
Corn-No. 2, 62@621sc; No. 2 white,
sec; No. 2 yellow, 64@641ac; No. 8,
611s @62c, No. white, 64a@65Ac;
No. yellow, 63@637s; No. A yellow,
61662c.
oats-No. 2 white, 44@441sc; No. 3
white, 421s044c; No. 4 white, 411a@
42hc; standard, 43k@44Ac.
Estimated Receipts Monday.
Wheat. 10; corn, 1876; oats, 131;
hogs, 10000
Peoria Cash Market.
PEORIA, ILL.,, July 16.-Corn 3
yellow, 81; No. 4 yellow, 60kc; No. 3
mixed, SIC; No. 4 mixed, G01ac; no
grade, 52@5lc
Standard, 43Ac; No. white,
421ac; No. A white, 417sc.
Receipts.
Corn, 40; oats, IL.
ST. Louis Cash Grain.
ST. LOUIS, July Wheat-No.
red, S1.12@1.14A; No. 3 red, $1,000
ITO; No. hard, $1061a @1141s; No.
8 hard s100@1.05.
Corn-No. 8, Gao; No. 3 yellow,
el1L ~. M . wbita 651Lo
Oats--No. 3. 3Shc; standard. 44@
441ac; No. 8 white, 42044c.
Futures.
Wheat-July closed, $1.06A; Sept,
S1057s; Dec. s10S.
Corn July closed, 631ac; Sept, Gle;
Dec, SIC.
July closed, 3s1zc; Sept.
37kc; Dec, 3S5sc.
Chicago Live Stock.
CHICAGO, July 16.-Hogs- Re
ceipts, 5000; market, weak; &c lower;
estimated Monday, $4,000; left over
4,007; quality, good clearances, fair;
mixed, sS,60@900; heavy, $S.550S.S5;
rough, $S.20@S45; light, $8.65@9.00;
bulk, sS.450S.75; pigs, $s.60090O.
steady; beeves, s5.25@s60; cows and
heifers, s2.5o@6.60; stockers and feed
ers, IS .25@.5.40; Texans, s4.5o@6.40;
calves, $6o00S.75.
Sheep Receipts, 1000; market
weak; native and mixed, s3.Oo@4.00;
lambs, s4oo@6.50
Estimated Receipts Monday.
Hogs, $4,000; cattle, $4,000; sheep,
$4,000; hogs, next week, 100000
Kansas City Receipts.
KANSAS CITY, July 16-Hogs,
1000; cattle, 100; sleep, none.
Omaha Receipts.
OMAHA, July 16.-Hogs, 600; cat
tie, none; sheep, 1000.
Local Grain Market.
KEoKUK, July 15-Today's local
markets, furnished by the o. A. Tai
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-07-17
New York Produce.

Soreness of the muscles, whether
induced by violent exercise or injury,
is quickly relieved by the free appli-
cation of Chamberlains Liniment.
This liniment is equally valuable for
muscular rheumatism, and always af-
lords quick relief. Sold by all dealers
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-07-17

ST. LOUIS TO ST. PAUL.
Largest and finest passenger steam
ers oil Mississippi river.
FlRST-CLAss SERVICE.
Steamer Dubuque leaves Aeoati- foi
st. Louis every Monday and Friday a,
6 a. m
Steamer Dubuque leaves Keokuk fol
Davenport every Wednesday at SOC
n m.
Steamer Sidney due to leave Keokuk
for Davenport every Friday, 800 p. M
WIN. .. STEELE. Agent.
Keokuk. Iowa
ISAAC P. LUSk,
Gen. Pass. Agent. St. Louis.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1910-11-02
TaIkino

Wonderful possibilities are claimed
for Il Swedish invention called the
photographers. by means of which it
is said that sound waves can be regis
tered on Il sensitized plate. The mega
tive is developed in the ordinary way
and the sound curves transferred to
ebony plates. from which the sound is
reproduced as by the g%ramophone.
The photographers records can be re-
produced ad infinitum, and If the orig
inal music or song should not be strong
enough to fill a large concert hall the
sound can be increased as desired. On
account of the immense volume Of the
sound the inventor prophesies that the
photographers will replace fog sirens
in lighthouses. Instead of the inartic-
ulate howl which the sirens send out
in the night the photographonic fog
horn will call out the name Of the
lighthouse for miles Owe the ocean.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1910-11-02

merged, and thousands OF acres of as
good land Is there is in the valley
would be ruined. Along the lake
shore come of the finest summer homes
would be made worthless, and it is
likely the power plant at Big Fork
would be put out Of business.
If the lower river were the only place
in this country where power could be
developed, and there vas demand for
1t in such enormous quantity, there
might be some reason for securing II
at even such great cost as the carry
ing out Of the scheme would entail.
But there are dozens of places in the
county where uncounted thousands Of
horsepower can be developed without
any injury whatever, and they will
furnish more power than can be pro.
ftabIy utilized for generations to
Cnmo.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1910-11-02
SM0KELESS PEAT U E

New Method Of Extracting Water
Makes Combustion Complete.
Consular Agent John B. Brewer of
Weisbaden furnishes the following in
formation concerning the invention Of
a German engineer which. 1t is claim
ed. will make peat 1.-The ideal fuel"
At a time when the superiority Of
oil as fuel for seagoing vessels is
eagerly discussed and tested there has
come to my notice an invention re-
garding the production of a new fuel
which seems destined to play an equal
~ prominent part in industrial as we'll
as in domestic life and to form an i'm
portant chapter in the problem of the
preservation Of the natural
Of the United States.
A civil engineer. having his expert
mental plant in this district. has found
and patented a very simple process for
extracting at little expense all waite
from peat. Of which inexhaustible
quantities are found the world over
inexhaustible because Of the continu-
and steady growth of new peat
formations after exploitation Of the
old.
Knowing that millions Of dollars had
been spent in the past for the purpose
Of completely extracting water from
peat OF a large scale by powerful
pressure as well as by electricity. my
attitude toward the new claim was
rather skeptical for some time. and
therefore I hesitated to report thereon
until l had consulted scientists and
experts and until the experiments and
tests made before me personally had
convinced me Of the value Of the dis
covery.
The briquets made from the ma
terial so treated furnish a fuel which
appears far superior to the best coal.
as to caloric power, low price, small
specific weight and absence Of all
smoke and ashes during and after
combustion.
The freedom from water is accom-
plished by the admixture Of peat coke
to the peat before pressing in the pro-
portion Of one to fifteen. As no ex-
traneous substance Is used. there Is
complete independence from other in
gradients. The pressing proper Is done
by specially constructed and patented
machinery of a simple kind. As the
three main elements Of peat are car
bon. hydrogen and oxygen. the process
of combustion leaves hardly any ashes
and must seem ideal, since peat con-
tains neither sulphur nor phosphorus
nor any other ingredient to which the
ordinary smoke nuisance is due.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1910-11-02
Had Money In His Shoes.

SALT LAKE, Oct. 29.-After he had
submitted complacently to a search of
his pockets by two masked highway.
men on one of the business streets OF
the city, shortly after his arrival in
town last night, George Brown, q
restaurant man of Seattle, was still
further humiliated by a comm and to
Jerk off" his shoes. The tours,
hastily complied and while the men
stood owe him with drawn revolvers
he shook out $3.50 in gold coin from
the Innings of his foot gear. The rob,
bers had already relieved him of his
wallet, which contained 1926 in cur
rency,
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1910-11-02
Headaches From Silk Hats.

\ French physician and scientist
who long has wondered ut the warmth
Of his head under a hot sun has taken
temperatures inside the glossy black
tile which so long has been worn by
humanity. He discovers that when an
outside thermometer registers so de-
grees in the shade the air content in,
side the hat Is ut lOS degrees: ut only
IS degrees outside the silk hat bore
registers So degrees. From this wide
difference of temperature he has rea
sOned that headaches and various
forms Of nervous disorders may attack
the wearer.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1910-11-02
HOW TO COLOR STEEL.
Method Of Making Permanent Black
Free From Rust,

Method Of Making Permanent Black
Free From Rust.
To insure success the steel articles
must previously be polished and freed
from grease. When this is done pre-
pare a bath of 1000 parts of hot wa
ter and dissolve the following chemi-
calls in it: Five parts of caustic pot
ash. ten parts Of cyanide. five parts of
potassium chlorate, one-ffth part of
white arsenic and twenty parts of
Schlippe's salt (sulph-antimoniate of
sodium).
Use the bath with zinc contact. If 1t
is of moderate temperature the color
will range from pearl gray to gray
black. BY adding about twenty parts
of copper ~hemisulphide it will become
deep black. It is advisable previously
to mat the article with the steel mat
ting brush.
The second process is to be applied
cold and without any contact. Coat
the articles by means Of q brush with
a solution consisting Of two parts of
hydrochloric acid. two parts of water
and n part Of tin salt.
After about fifteen minutes coat
with a copper solution of one part of
vlue vitriol in sixteen parts of wa
ter, with the addition of sufficient
aqueous ammonia to dissolve the blue
deposit which has been formed to a
clear blue fluid. When the article is
dry after this process wash it we'll
with water and place it for a few min
utes in a diluted solution of potassium
sulphide. Then remove it. rinse 1t
we'll with water and dry it. A dead
| gray black color will be obtained
by this process.-Journal der Gold.
schmiedekunst,
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1910-11-02
A SCHEME.

The government plan to develop wa.
ter power by expensive engineering
work at Flathead lake, is regarded by
the Kalispell Inter Lake as a vision.
airy scheme. It makes these comments
upon the proposition:
II any serious attempt should ever
be made to carry out the visionary
scheme Of some unnamed "chief hydro
grapher of the survey" and raise the
waters of Flathead lake to a level
three feet above the highest known
mark, there would be q protest from
$4,000 or 10000 Flatheaders that would
make the departments at Washington
think something had broke loose. 1t
may be that the raising of the lake to
the level advocated would increase the
horsepower that could be developed
three and q halt times, but il the chief
hydrographer's engineering is no bet.
ter than his Judgment, it is not good
for much. The proposal is so ridicul,
Gus that in the absence of the orde,
Withdrawing the lands bordering the
lower lake shore on a recommend atior
for this very thing, one would not be
lieve it could eve have been seriousl,
made.
Whatever may be the fact with re
gard to q possible increase of the wa
ter power, the raising of the lake tt
such . level would cause such wide
spread destruction that it is Difficult
70 believe any one in his senses woul,
advocate IL. Those who saw the ex
treme high water OF the summer O
1894 can readily understand what q,
additional depth Of three feet woul'
do. The entire valley from Demers
vile down, with the exception of pos
sibly . few places. would be sub
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1910-11-02
Indian Land Sale Is Closed.

BILLINGS, Oct. 26.-The top notch
figure paid for government land in the
auction of the ceded portion of the
Grow alton was reached this
afternoon, when Frank Barta, q mer-
chant of Billings, bid s20.25 an acre
for a 40-scre tract located in the vi
cinity OF Hardin. 1t is understood the
land can all be cultivated.
The second highest price was paid
by David Frat OF this city, who bid
OF. so for a half section. The land is
located along the line of the Cody
branch OF the Burlington, about three
miles west of Toluca. The greater
part Of it is said to be adapted to dry
farming.
Interest In todsy's auction with
which the sale al brought to q close
was greater than has yet been mani
tested, and although the crowd at the
Coliseum was not particularly large,
those present were evidently there for
business, and bidding for the greater
number of the tracts was spirited,
prices ranging from the minimum to
that paid by Mr.. Barts. Several
we're sold At more than 90, but the
prevailing figures were from "a to 50
Altogether 5000 tr acts we're included
in the lands offered during the sale,
and approximately 1900 passed from
the ownership Of Uncle Sam into that
of individuals. 1t is understood that
the 800 tracts which were passed will
be reclassiied. r~eappraised, and will
be sold at an auction which will be
held in Billings some time during the
coming winter.
While much of the land was pur-
chased at the minimum price, q large
portion brought figures which we're by
far greater than had been anticipated,
and considered from every standpoint,
the auction has been q success. Many
Of the tracts were secured by persons
already residing on the coded portion
of the reserva alton, and a large part
of the acreage went to citizens of other
states, the majority of whom expect to
take possession of it, remove their
families to Montana and cult ate the
soil, and by dry farming methods.