Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-10-31

The general movement for greater pop
ular participation in government Whlch
began at the close of the war OF 1Sl2.
and which won its first national election
in 1896, gained complete control OF the
federal government in 1S2S. In that year
Andrew Jackson and John c. Calhoun
were the democratic-republican candi-
dates for president against John Quincy
Adams and Richard Rush, nominees OF
the national republicans.
During the Adams administration all
of the political leaders in the country
claimed to be loyal members and true
representatives of the historic democratic
republican party. In the first half of that
administration the parties In Congress
were usually designated as Adams and
anti-Adams. AS the campaign of 1923 ap-
preached, the opposition to the admins
tration conferred upon the support of
Jackson and became known as Jackson
men. The Adams men, unwilling to limit
their allegiance to one man, assumed the
name national republicans. The Jackson
men then claimed sole title to the oId
party name of neutrality-suspicious.
The word republican appearing in the
title of both parties gave rise to con-
fusion and the Jackson men dropped 1t
and retained only the title democratic,
which still endureS. The old tederallSt
element focked to the support of the
Adams-Clay faction, but to them the
word republican was offensive.
Therefore, it happened that while the
opposition to Jackson was formally known
as the nation
Parties Lined Up al republican
marty in nrac-
in a Square Fight. tee it's mem
years the party officially adopted the old
English appeIlation. In the campaign of
1928 the democrats and wings faced each
other in a square fight, and for the first
time in the history of the country there
was general national political cam
paign.
The principal issues which had divided
the old federaliSt and republican parties
hinged upon questions of foreign policy.
The republic had severed it's political con-
nection with Europe, but it's internal COM
merce was not self-supporting and 1T was
compelled to lean upon foreign trade for
existence. The first sharp division result
ed from the Jay treaty with England, and
from that time until the war of 1872 for
eign commerce and foreign policies deter
mined the issues upon which the people
divided.
The embargo and non-interceurse acts
of the jefferson and Madison regime,
hated as they were by the commercial
interests, afforded a complete protective
system, which encouraged home indus1
tries. Pennsylvania especially began to
build up manufactures, being followed by
New Jersey, New York and New Eng
land. The invention of the cotton gin in
this country and the improvement of
spinning machinery in England created
such a demand for cotton and slave
labor in the cotton states became
immensely profitable and the financial in
terests of the south did not discover the
need of investing money in anything ex-
cept cotton plantations. The result of the
war of 1877, the overthrow of Napoleon,
the beginning of the long peace in Eu-
rope, the rapid growth of the United
States and the development of the terri
tory between the Alleghenies and the
Mississippi all operated to make the re-
public more Independent of foreign af-
fairs.