The Carlisle independent., 1910-06-09


 chief reasons why either the advance or the preservation of mankind is worth while. It is an evil and a dreadful thing to be calous to sorrow and suffering, and blind to our duty to do all things possible for the betterment of social conditions But 1t Is an unspeakably foolish thing to strive for this betternent by means so destructive that they would leave no so- eial conditions to better. In dealing with all these social problems, with the inti- mate relations of the family, with wealth in private use and business use, with la bor, with poverty, the one prime neces- sity is to remember that, though hard ness of heart Is great evil, it is no greater an evil than softness of head.
 But in addition to these problems the most intimate and important of all which to a larger or less degree affect all the modern nations somewhat alike, We of the great nations that have expanded that are now in complicated relations with one another and with alien races, have special problems and special duties of our own. You belong to a nation which pos sesses the greatest empire upon which the sun has ever shone. belong to a nation which is trying. on a scale hitherto unex- ampled, to work out the problems of gov ernment for, of. and by the people, while at the same time doing the international duty Of great power. But there are certain problems which both of US have
 
 should be the same. The Englishman, the man of the British isles in his various homes across the seas. and the Ameri- can, both at home and abroad, are brought into contact with utterly alien peoples some with a civilization more an- cient than our own, others still in or having but recently arisen from, the bar barism which our people left behind ages ago. The problems that arise are of we'll nigh inconceivable difficulty. They cannot be solved by the foolish sentimentality of stay-at-home people, with little patent recipes, and those cut-and-dried theories or the political nursery which have such limited applicability amid the crash of elemental forces Neither can they be solved by the raw brutality of the men who, whether at home or on the rough frontier of civilization, adopt might as the only standard of right in dealing with other men, and treat alien races only as subjects for exploitation.
 No hard and fast rule can be drawn as applying to all alien races, because they differ from one another far more wide ly than some of them differ from us But there are one or two rules which must not be forgotten. In the long run, there can be no justification for one race man. aging or controlling another unless the management and control are exercised in the interest and for the benefit of that other race. This Is what our peoples have in the main done and must con- tinue in the future in even greater de- gree to do, in India, Egypt, and the Phil ippfnes alike. In the next place, as re- gards every race, everywhere, at home or abroad, we cannot afford to deViate from the great rule of righteousness Which bids us treat each man on his worth as man. He must not be senti- mentally favored because he belongs to a given race; he must not be given im- manity in wrong-doing, or permitted to cumber the ground, or given other prvi- leges which would be denied to the vicious and unfit among themselves. On the other hand, where he acts in a way which would entftle him to respect and reward If he were of our own stock he Is just as much entitled to that respect and reward if he comes of another stock, even though that other stock pro- duees a much smaller proportion of men Of his type than does our own. This has nothing to do with social intermingling With what is called social equality. It has to do merely with the question of do- ing to each man and each woman that elementary justice which will permit him or her to gain from life the reward which should always accompany thrift sobriety, self-control. respect for the rights of others. and hard and intelli- gent work to a given end. To more than such just treatment no man is entitled, and less than such just treatment no man should receive.
 Duty of Nation 10 Nation.
 The other type of duty is the interna- tional duty, the duty owed by one na- tion to another. I hold that the laws of morality which should govern individu- als in their dealings one with the other are just as binding concerning nations in their dealings one with the other. The application of the moral law must be different In the two cases, because in one case 1t has. and in the other it has not, the sanction of a civil law with force behind it. The individual can depend for his rights upon the courts, which them selves derive their force from the police power of the state. The nation can de- pend upon nothing of the kind; and therefore, as things are now, 1t is the highest duty of the most advanced and freest peoples to keep themselves in such a state of readiness as to forbid to any barbarism or despotism the hope of ar- resting the progress of the world by stri- king down the nations that lead in that progress. It would be foolish indeed to pay heed to the unwise persons who de- sire disarmament to be begun by the very peoples who, of all others. should not be left helpless before any possible foe. But we must reprobate quite as strongly both the leaders and the peoples who practise, or encourage or condone, aggression and iniquity by the strong at the expense or the weak. We should tol- crate lawlessness and wickedness neither by the weak nor by the strong; and both weak and strong we should in return treat with scrupulous fairness. The for eign policy of a great and self-respecting country should be conducted on exactly the same plane of honor, of insistenee upon ones own rights and of respect for the rights of others. as when a brave and honorable man Is dealing with his fel- lows. Permit me to support this state ment out of my own experience. For nearly eight years I was the head of great nation and charged especially with the conduct of its foreign policy; and during those years I took action with reference to any other people on the face of the earth that I would not have felt justified in taking as an individual in dealing with other individuals.
 l believe that we of the great civilized nations of today have right to feel that long careers of achievement lie before our several countries. To each of us is vouchsafed the honorable privilege of do- ing his part, however small, in that work. Let us strive hardly for success, even if by so doing we risk failure, spurning the poorer souls of small endeavor who know neither failure nor success. Let us