The Arizona sentinel., 1910-10-13
TIMELY HINTS
 FOR FARMERS.
A Lesson In Intensive Farming by R ii. Forbes, Director and Chemist of Agricultural
 Experiment Station
University Of Arizona,

January l5, lSH.
 Just west of Yuma, Arizona, in the alluvial flood plain Of the Colorado, lies a little farm of 7.2 acres which on May l, 1905, was virgin bottomland covered with saitweed, arrow brush and creosote bushes; The original purpose Of the tract was for planting selected varieties Of date palms imported by the U. 5. Department of Agriculture from the Old World. The Experiment station, May 7, be gan preparing the ground, and on May 20 the work Of levelling, bordering and irrigating the tract and the planting of lJ2 palms, was completed.
 THE PLAN OF WORK.
 Recognizing, however, that a farmer with his living to make meantime, cannot afford to wait for an orchard to come into bearing, it was planned to plant crops for quick re- turns between the tree-rows, thus putting the work on feasible basis from the small farm er's point of view. In order to econOmiZe ground the irrigating borders were so placed to coincide with the rows of palms, thus utilizing space otherwise usually wasted. The tract was divided by the borders into lands for the most part one-half an acre in size. lrrigating water from the Colorado Valley P. X ]. Canal was obtained in the GUS tomary manner and k. l.. Crane, himself a Yuma Valley farmer, undertook the care of what was nicknamed our play farm"
 In size, as well as in the intensive character of the work planned, this farm" is the Op- pOsite of the average holdings of this locality. The prevailing crops of the region are alfalfa, corn, barley, and fOrages in general, coInpara- lively little attention being given to vege- tables and fruits. Withal, the cost of levelling land in this region is high, rarely falling be- low twenty dollars an acre at current prices for labor and teams. Moreover, the cost, ex- elusive Of maintenance, Of the Government irrigating system now under construction will be about 33.5O an acre annually for ten years. To meet these and other heavy items of expense in connection with the establish ment of a farm in this region, intensive crops of a more remunerative character than those now in vogue, are essential It was partly, therefore, as an object lesson bearing upon these financial aspects of the general sitUn- tion that this cultural work was planned.
 RECLAMATION OF THE GROUND.
 The soil of our tract, a warm, sandy loau well adapted to gardening operations, was levelled, ditched and bordered at contract price or sl72o an acre, considerably less than the average for the locality, reckoning the labor of men and teams at current rates. In addition, barbed wire and posts for fencing cost SG0. 10; lumber for headgatcs cost S39.57; a drive well point and pipe, a pitche1-spout pump and a barrel, Sl3.45: small lumber two-rOom house, including five and one half days carpenter hire, Sl52.75; and a brush-roof shelter for horses, about S5.03. Only skilled labor employed in leveling, bordering and ditching the ground, and for part construc- tion of the house, is included In the above estimates, as the common labor required or dinarily would be, and in this case was, fur nished by the farmer himself.
 To bring this ground under cultivation and make it habitable for a small farmer and his family, as stated above therefore required a cash outlay of about S40000. Tn addition, in the average instance must be included a team, wagon. blow, harrow, having equip ment ShOVeIS hoes and other small tools.
 CROPS AND MARKETS.
 The crops selected for the season Of l90G were Early Rose potatoes, White Bermuda onions, R0ckyford cantaiOupes, Dwarf Cham pion and Burpee'S Quarter Century tomatoes, and alfalfa, besides a few hills of waternlelons and sundry vegetables
 The produce was marketed in Yuma with the exception of tomatoes, which, for the largest part, were expressed to Tucson and Bfsbee. The following statements for the various crops are on the basis of net cash re- turns to the small farmer who with aE aver age fanfily/bf five and a team Of horses is as- stunned to do the work required. as explained below. Items necessitating cash outlay, as seed, irrigating water. and crates arc deducted from gross returns. Water costs an average of 90 cents for irrigation per acre for the crops grown. The yields in certain instances are low, Gue to the unimproved condition of the soil, which, like desert soils in geEordl, was low in nitrogen and organic matter. Some small salty areas also affected yields locally. White Bermuda onions; .47 acres; Seed planted Sept Y-Oct. g, I9O5. Young onions transplaated, Feb 5-S I9W. Crop matured about June !. Yield, 39f6 pounds of dry on- ions Highest price received, 2hc pound; lowest price received, l.Sc a pound. Entire crop marketed in Yuma.
 Cash Cash
 outlay. returns.