The Detroit times., 1910-11-05


tory OF the coun-
try party factionalism has had great
influence upon public affairs. In the
beginning there were Hamilton Fed
eralists and Adams Federalists nurs'
ing n hatred which eventually split
and destroyed their organization
Then followed the Wings, Clay wor-
shippers and Webster followers often
fighting each other more bitterly than
they did the common enemy. Finally
there came to be southern Wings and
northern Wings, conscience Wings and
old-line Whigs-and then the party
died Then came the Republican
party which still reigns
On the other side of the major po-
| litlcal fence there were, at the begin
ming. Jefferson Republicans and Burr
Republicans. They were succeeded In
order by factions Of peace Republi-
cans and war Republicans: conserva-
! tive Republicans and young Republic
cans; Jackson Democrats and conser-
vative Democrats: Jackson Demo
Gratis and Calhoun Democrats; Hunk
ers and Barnburners; Nebraska Dem
ocrats and anti Nebraska Democrats;
Iyecompton and anti-Lecompton Demo
Gratis Douglas and Breckenridge Dem
ocrats; War Democrats and Copper
heads; Randallites and Carlisleites;
Gold and Silver Democrats; Cleveland
and Bryan Democrats; and now radl.
cal and conservative Democrats ali
very hungry for power and apparently
almost willing TO kiss and make up
During the war the Republican party
was so fearful of its political for
tunes that in 1864 II abandoned the
name Republican called itself the
Union Party" and nominated fusion
ticket with Mr.. Lincoln, Republican,
| for president, and Andrew Jackson,
war Democrat and a loyal southerner,
for vice-president. II was the ola
error, considered In party sense,
made twice by the Wings. Lincoln
was murdered and the country found
itself ending the war for the Union
with a southern Democrat In the
White House. Leaving aside the mer-
Its of the controversy between John
SON and congress. 1t was inevitable
that he should create discord. The
southern states were excluded from
the Union. the Democrats were unor-
ganized. the Republicans had ma
! ioritv of three or four to one In both
houses of congress and there was no
check upon the will OF the majority
Inevitably the Republicans fell into
1.-TWO factions, one captained by Edwin
g stanton. Ben Wade and Thad
I stevens which was radical and the
other under various leadership but nm.
ally coming together under carr
Schurz. B. Gratz Brown and Horace
Greeley. The attempt 10 remove An
drew Johnson from the presidency was
unsuccessful. perhaps, more for the
reason that there were Republican
| senator's who did not wish TO see ben
Wade in the White House than be-
cause they thought the charges against
Johnson we're not proved. Al any
rate Johnson was acquitted just
short time before the Republican ma
! tional convention which might have
nominated Wade for president had ne
but possessed the power OF patronage
inherent in the president. -
In 1868 the Republican party still
controlled the country without let or
bindrance from any earthly power. but
ita great leader was dead, and 1t had
mo statesman upon whom 1t could
mite to honor with the chief magis'
tracy But IL did have a war hero
| mighty man OF valor, who was the
idol OF the nation. General Grant, al
| though he had never been active. IN
notifies and had been a Democrat, was
| nominated by a unanimous vote tie
was elected by huge majority and
the Republicans again carried the
house of representatives. Two years
later the Democrats made substantial
gains in the lower house, cutting the
Republican majority to 35. There
wore signs of trouble in the air
The party split began in Missouri
In 1870 Already, in some Of the re.
! constructed southern states, there
were two parties among the loyalists
Radicals and Conservatives. In
Tennessee the Conservatives had won
and civil government was thereby re-
stored. In many or the southern
states civil government was not iully
restored until 1876. In Missouri, how
ever. the two wings OF the party TOOK
the names OF Radical and Liberal me
Liberal faction was opposed to the al
ministration method OF dealing WIN
the states lately In rebellion. Head
ed by B. Gratz Brown and Carl Schurz
the Liberal Republicans declared IN
favor OF Universal amnesty and uni
versal Acknowledgement for the south
erners.
The Liberal movement gained a
great following. and was supported
with ardor Of Horace Greeley, Charles
A Dana. Murat Halstead and other
great journalists who had had cap
ital share In organizing the Republi
can party. In 1872 the Republicans
renomipated General Grant and the
Liberal wing held a national conven-
tion AT Cincinnati Charles Francis
Adams was the prime favorite for the
| presidential nomination before the
convention met, and Lyman Trumbul
n Gratz Brown, Andrew G. Curtin and
other prominent Republican workers
NJ tho Lincoln era were I'm the ballot
ing. Greeley was nominated. He was
aa lamentable failure as a candidate
az ne had been a monumental success
as n journalist He VS. overwhelming
/ lv defeated. and died OF grief within
a few days after the election.
The Liberal Republican organiza-
ton never recovered from the crush
ing blow OF 1872. At the time ID
seemed also that the Democrats had
! forfeited every hope by their endorse
ment OF the Greeley ticket. But many
OF the leading Liberal Republicans
1 A. g. TN,uarDoroklr r,v-uo ~ "a