The new era., 1910-07-28
q .S4W1zVZ RE77tTZW "7HE c1Nc0"
lhl1 C/TIZIZHTI0H

the South American Chaco has become SO CONNIE
cally important that 1t must be understood to sgl
fy only that one tree and nothing else.
The genuine quebracho tree is found In Braz
Paraguay, and the Argentine Republic. There
two important varieties and third has been d
tinguished although 1t has great signihcan
ibotancally or value commercially. Locally and IN
the trade the names given are Quebracho colorado
(red), and Quebracho blanco (white). Quebracho
colorado has the scientific designation of Lox-
opterygium lorentzii, and belongs to the order OF
Anacardiaciae. This is the particular tree from
which both the sleepers and the better quality OF
tanning extract are derived. The other. Quebra-
cho blanco. is neither straight nor 80 service
able the red variety but is nevertheless OF
definite commercial value, 1t furnishes some
tanning extract and the logs can be used for
fence posts and axles From 1t is taken also a
drug extensively used for bronchial diseases; In
fact, plant 1t was studied for this purpose
long before its other advantages were exploited
The scientific name is Aspidosperma quebracho.
Railways must have sleepers on which to lay
their rails. In some instances wooden ones are
imported at great expense, substitutes there
for used II climatic conditions are favorable.
AS rule. however, 1t is preferred to take sup
plies from native timber whenever procurable.
This was the case in the Argentine Republic when
railway building away from the coast had begun.
and no fitting wood could be discovered than
that recommended by the natives both by the
name and by the experience of those who had
+ used IT. The quebracho wood proved by far the
most serviceable for sleepers South American
railways, and its reputation grew SO steadily that
today many miles OF European rails are supported
by sleepers brought from the River Plate.
/ In one respect quebracho resembles rather ma
hogany than oak pine. The trees do not grow
/ in cumps groves but are dispersed through the
forests and the less dense woods, singly or in
groups seldom more than four or five to the acre.
The itself is tall, about two three feet in
diameter. and Is crowned by rather thin. oval,
or V-shaped, mass of branches and leaves The
white quebracho Is somewhat smaller than the
red, and begins to branch lower to the ground,
that 1t is not hard to distinguish them from each
other The leaves oval. or lance shaped.
fall completely in the winter, but cling to the
branches In company with the fruit. The tree
seems to thrive best on sandy soil. where the at
mospheric moisture is not very great. but where
abundant water is provided for the roots, either
by dews or sufficient rain. 1t is neither noun
tain a river growth but lives best in the sub
tropical stretches between water courses AL
though the age of the tree has been given
measured by hundreds Of years. 1t is well enough
established that at ten years from planting the
first small shrubs are big enough to use for posts
The future promises, therefore. opportunity
for the actual cultivation OF quebracho, because
although savage inroads have been made into the
supposedly inexhaustible forests OF the Chaco. 1t
is not late to restrict the cutting Of the tree
or even to adopt modern forestry methods Of
planting and conservation for the supply of COM
ing generations. In fact. the Argentine Republic
has already passed suitable laws In this direction
and 1t IL more than probable that under the wise
administraton Of that government there will bs