The searchlight. [volume] (Culbertson, Mont.) 1902-current, 1910-06-10

0tatss. ass IN new. nations. compared
with the nations Of Europe: but with
whatever changes In detail. their civflixa-
ton b nevertheless Of the general Euro
pean type. ~ sheWn In Portugal Spain,
and England. The differences between
these new" American and these old
European nations are NOT ~ great a. those
which separate the new" nations one
from another and the ''eld'' nations one
from another. There are In each case
very real differences between the new and
the old nation-diRersnces both for good
and for evil: but In each case there II
the aame ancestral history to reckon with.
the same type Of civilization. with its at
tendant benefits and shortcomings; and.
after the pioneer stages are passed. ths
problems to b solved. In spite Of superb
cial differences, are In their essence the
same: they are those that confront all
civilized peoples. not those that confront
peoples struggling from barbarian into
civilization.
30. when We speak OF the death" Of
. tribe. nation or a civilization. the term
may be used for either one or two totally
different processes: the analogy with
what occurs In biological history being
complete. Certain tribes OF savages, the
Tasmanians. for instance. and various lit
tie clans of American Indians. have within
out: all Of the individuals have perished.
leaving no descendants. and the blood has
disappeared. Certain other tribes OF
Indians have a tribes disappeared or
are now disappearing: but their blood
remains. being absorbed into the veins OF
the white intruders. or Of the black men
introduced by these white intruders: SO
that in reality they are merely being
transformed into something absolutely
different from what they were.
A like wide diversity In fact may be
covered In the statement that q civiliza-
ton has ''died out"
Phenomena That Puzzle.
In dealing. not with groups Of human
beings In simple and primitive relations.
but with highly complex, highly special
lied. civilized. or semi-civilized societies.
there Is need OF great caution in drawing
analogies with what has occurred In the
development OF the animal world. Yet
even in these cases It Is curious to sec
how some Of the phenomena in the
growth and disappearance OF these COM
pick, artificial groups Of human beings
resemble what has happened in myriads
OF instances In the history of life on this
planet.
Why do great artificial empires. whose
citizens are knit by bond OF speech and
culture much more than by a bond of
blood. show periods Of extraordinary
growth. and again of sudden or lingering
decay? In some cases we can answer
readily enough; in other cases we can
not as yet even guess what the proper
answer should be. II in any such case
the centrifugal forces overcome the CEN
tripetal. the nation will Of course fly to
pieces. and the reason for its failure to
become a dominant force Is patent to
every one. The minute that the spirit
which finds its healthy development In
local self-government. and in the antidote
to the dangers OF an extreme centraliza-
ton. develops into mere particularism,
into inability to combine effectively for
achievement Of common end. then It Is
hopeless to expect great results. Poland
and certain republics of the western
hemisphere are the standard examples OF
failure of this kind: and the United States
would have ranked with them, and Its
name would have become a byword Of
derision. IL the forces Of union had not
triumphed in the civil war. So the
growth of soft luxury after It has reached
| certain point becomes national danger
patent to all. Again, II needs but little OF
the vision of seer to foretell what must
happen In any community IL the average
woman ceases to become the mother of a
family OF healthy children. II the average
man loses the will and the power to work
up to old age and to fight whenever the
need arises. II the homely, commonplace
virtues die out. II strength OF character
| vanishes In graceful sslf-indulgence. II the
virile qualities atrophy. then the nation
has lost what no material prosperity can
Offset.
ena wholly or partially inexplicable. It IL
easy to see why Rome trended downward
when great slave-tilled farms spread over
what had once been countryside of
| peasant proprietors, when greed and lux
ury and sensuality ate like acids into the
hber Of the upper classes. while the mass
| Of the citizens grew TO depend. not upon
their own exertions. but upon the state.
| for their pleasures and their very liveli-
hood. But this does not explain why the
forward movement stopped at different
times, 80 far ~ different matters were
| concerned; at one time as regards iitera-
ture. at another time a. regards architec-
ture. at another time a. regards city
building. We cannot even guess why the
| springs OF one kind Of energy dried up
while there was yet no cessation OF an
other kind.
Holland ~ an Example.
Take another and smaller iastanc>, that
| OF Holland. For q period covering a
little more than the seventeenth century,
Holland. like some OF the Italian city
| states at an earlier period, stood on the
dangerous heights Of greatness beside M.
tons SO vastly her superior In territory
and population a. to make Il Inevitable
that sooner or later she must fall from the
| glorious and perilous eminencs to which
| she had been raised by her own indomita-
BILE soul. Her fall came: II could not
have been indefinitely postponed: but /,
came far quicker than II needed to come,
because OF shortcomings on her part Ia
which both Great Britain and the United
States would be wise to pay heed. Her
government was singularly ineffective. the
Decentralization being such Al often "a
| permit the separatist. tho particularist,
| spirit Of the provinces to rob the central
authority Of all efficiency. This was bad
enough But the fatal weakness was thai
n common in rich. peaee-loving societies
where men hate to think Of war a. posi-.
BILE. and try to Justify their own reluctance
to face II either by high-sounding moral
platitudes or else by q philosophy OF
short-sighted materialism. The Dutch
were very wealthy. They grew to be-
| heve that they could hire others to dc
their fighting for them on land; and on
sea. where they did their own ashting
and fought very well. they refused n
time OF peace to make ready neets 20 OF.
fcient a. either to insure the Dutch
against the peace being broken or els<
l tn afyn thau thu vfrtorv -h>~