The new era., 1910-06-16


to be callous to sorrow and suffering and
blind to our duty to do all things possible
for the betterment of social conditions.
But 1t is an unspeakably foolish thing to
strive for this betterment by means so
destructive that they would leave no So
cial conditions to better. In dealing with
all these social problems, with the inti-
mate relations of the family. with wealth
in private use and business use. with la
Dor. with poverty. the one prime neces-
sity Is to remember that. though hard
ness of heart is a great evil 1t Is no
greater an evil than softness of head.
But in addition to these problems the
most intimate anu important of all
which to a larger or less degree affect all
the modern nations somewhat alike. we
Of tho great nations that have expanded,
that are now In complicated relations with
one another and with alien races. have
special problems and special duties of our
own. You belong to nation which pos
sesses the greatest empire upon which the
sun has ever shone. belong to a nation
which Is trying. on a scale hitherto unex-
ampled. to work out the problems OF gov
ernment for. of. and by the people. while
at the same time doing the international
duty OF a great power. But there are
certain problems which both of us have
to solve. and as to which our standards
should be the same. The Englishman, the
man of the British isles. in his various
homes across the seas, and the Ameri-
brought Into contact with utterly alien
peoples, some with civilization more an
cient than our own. others still In or
having but recently arisen from. the bar
barism which our people left behind ages
ago. The problems that arise are of we'll
nigh inconceivable difficulty. They cannot
be solved by the foolish sentimentality of
stay-at-home people. with little patent
recipes. and those cut-and-dried theories
of the political nursery which have such
mi cd orp1Jc o,,,tl 80
elemental forces. Neither can they be
solved by the raw brutality of the men
who. whether at home or on the rough
frontier of civilization. adopt might as
the only standard of right in dealing with
other men, and treat alien races only as
subjects for exploitation.
No hard and fast rule can be drawn as
applying 10 all allen races, because they
differ from one another far more wide
ly than some of them differ from us, But
there are one or two rules which must
not be forgotten In the long run. there
can be no Justification for one race man.
aging or controlling another unless tho
management and control are exercised in
the interest and for the benefit OF that
other race. This Is what our peoples
have in the main done. and must con-
tinue In the future in even greater de-
gree to do. In India. Egypt, and the Phil
ippines alike. In the next place. as re-
cards every race, everywhere. at home
OF dDTOaO we cannot anOFQ TO OeViat0
from the great rule of righteousness
which bids us treat each man his
worth as n man. He must not be senti-
mentally favored because he belongs to
a given race; he must not be given i'm
munity in wrong-doing, or permitted to
cumber the ground or given other privi-
leges which would be denied to the
vicious and unfit among themselves. On
the other hand, where he acts In a way
which would entitle him to respect and
reward IL he were of our own stock. he
is Just as much entitled to that respect
and reward IL he comes of another
stock, even though that other stock pro-
duces much smaller proportion of men
of his type than does our own. This has
nothing to do with social intermingling,
with what is called social equality. 1t
has to do merely with the question of do
Ing to each man and each woman that
elementary justice which will permit him
or her to gain from life the .reward
which should always accompany thrift,
sobriety. self-control. respect for the
rights of others. and hard and intell-
gent work to given end, To more than
such Just treatment man Is entitled.
and less than such just treatment no man
should receive. J..gI gI.
ara Duty. Of Nation to Nation.
The other type of duty is the interna.
tional duty, the duty owed by one ma
tion to another. I hold that the laws of
morality which should govern individu-
ais In their dealings one with the other
are just as binding concerning nations in
their dealings with the other The
application of the moral law must be
different In the two cases, because In
one case 1t has. and In the other 1t has
not. the sanction of civil law with force
behind It. The individual can depend for
his rights upon the courts. which them
selves derive their force from the police
power of the state. The nation can de-
pend upon nothing of the kind; and
therefore. as things are now. It is the
highest duty of the most advanced and
freest peoples to keep themselves In such
a stale of readiness to forbid to any
barbarsm despotism the hope Of ar
resting the progress of the world by strl-
king down the nations that lead in that
progress 1t would be foolish indeed to
pay heed to the unwise persons who de-
sire disarmament to be begun by the
very peoples who. of all others, should
not be left helpless before any possible
foe. But we must reprobate quite as
strongly both the leaders and the peoples
who practise. or encourage or condone,
aggression and iniquity by the strong at
the expense of the weak. We should toll
crate lawlessness and wlckedness neither
by the weak nor by the strong: and both
weak and strong we should in return
treat with scrupulous fairness. The for
eign policy of a great and self-respecting
country should be conducted on exactly
the same plane of honor, of insistence
upon ones own rights and of respect for
the rights of others. when a brave and
honorable man is dealing with his fell
lows. Permit me to support this state
ment out of my own experience. For
nearly eight years I was the head of a
great nation and charged especially with
the conduct of its foreign policy; and
during those years I took no action with
reference to any other people on the face
of the earth that 1 would not have felt
justified in taking individual in
dealing with other individuals.
1 believe that We of the great civilized
nations OF today have a right to feel that
long careers of achievement lie before
our several countries. To each of us In