The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1910-07-29

it shall be dis
posed after they
have disappeared forever from the
earthly scene. Such a case occurred
few days ago in Chicago when a man
of means simply placed an estate
valued at S2,OOO,OO0 in the care of
trust company for the benefit of his
four children. Thus with one stroke
he satisfied himself that his property
would reach the hands of those for
whom It was intended, and no doubt
this was a gratifying achievement.
For. after all, the will that every SEN
sible man is supposed to make does
not always fulfil it's obpect and thus
the world sees a contest of claimants
which is often less desirable to view
than a church quarrel.
The will, as an instrument of the
law, owes its development to the
Romans. India did not know of 1t be-
fore the conquest, and it was but a
rudimentary affair in Mosaic law and
In ancient Athens. The early Roman
will was effectual during the lifetime
Of the person who made it, and it was
irrevocable, its object being TO secure
the perpetuation of the family Thus
the hereditas was vested in a person
who could be relied upon to carry on
the family name and traditions. Often
such Wills were made on the eve OF
battle, and they We're published in ac-
cordance with the law.
When Constantine the Great caused
Christianity to be recognized by the
state. this act had its effect upon will
making, inasmuch as the duty OF CIV
ing bequests to the church was en-
couraged Monks and heretics, how
ever, were not allowed to make wills
or to take bequests. Then again, wills
were deposited in churches; indeed,
in Engand the church exercised juris-
diction in testamentary matters for
centuries. Up to 1858 the probate and
custody of wills lay with the English
ecclesiastical courts, but the careless
ness to which the documents were eX-
posed at the hands Of lazy and incom-
petent officials led to vigorous crit
icism of the system by Charles Dick
ems and other writer's, and, as con-
sequence, the church lost its ancient
privilege.
IN modern days, by reason Of the
prosaic language Of legal craftsmen
wills have lost much of their inter
est as purely human documents; but
if one were to set himself to the task
of writing the social history Of a great
city like New York, from its begin
ming. he could do no better than delye
into the records of the surrogates
courts All wills are probated there;
children are adopted under the direc-
ton of the surrogates; they appoint
guardians and discharge them again,
when minors reach the age OF legal
discretion: they settle and distribute
the estates of the poor and rich. Thus
there is to be found in the probate
records the details of social life by
generations, and it is possible to trace
the evolution of families, old and new,
and their rise and fall on the tide Of
fortune.
The skeleton in the closet is often
revealed by legal procedure, and,
though it cannot be avoided, the fam
fIv quarrel is bound to be aired when
win contests are tried before a surro-
gate Many elements enter into these
contests-dissatisfied heirs, forgery
undue influence on the part Of per
sons who have been associated with
The property owner; the existence OF
more than one will; vague and indeh-
mite language in mans last testa'
ment, for "all things which are so writ
ten in a will as to be unintelligible
are to be on that account regarded as
though they were not written
Russell Sage, who disposed of
vast estate without indulging in SUI
perfuous words, adopted simple
method to prevent litigation over his
property. A clause of his will read:
Should any of the beneficiaries un-
der this, my will, other than my said
wife. object to the probate thereof, or
in any wise directly or indirectly con
test OF dlu III NblilIolAhto NAAN 'tNAA'N -
any provision thereof, or the distribu-
ton of my estate hereunder, then and
in that event l annul any bequest
herein made to such beneficiary, and
it is my will that such beneficiary
shall be absolutely barred and cut off
from any share in my estate There
was no contest, although it was said
that the benefciaries grumbled a lit
tie bit.
One OF the most dramatic will cases
in the history Of Massachusetts, was
tried a few weeks ago in the probate
court of East Cambridge, where two
claimants appeared to fight for
share of Senator Daniel Russell's es-
tate, valued at $750.000. BY his will
the elder son, William c. Russell, was
directed to share the estate equally
with his brother, Daniel Blake, who
had disappeared in 1885, after a quar-
rel with his father The first claim
ant who came from Medor ~ D., and
was popularity known as Dakota
Dan" did not meet with the approval
of William c. Russell and his cousin,
Ferdinand B. Almy, who asserted that
the mans real name was James d.
Rousseau or Russaw, and that he had
familiarized himself with the history
Of the Russell family before putting
his claim forward. Photographs Of
Rousseau were introduced in evil
dence; there were exhibits Of letters
alleged to have been written by "Da-