The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1910-11-27

ehucation and the artA. railways and thsiI
dsvelopmsnt las TO which last. IL may b
said briefly that thsy leave much 10 be
desiredD and religious infiusnoes; the chap
ies On coffee and the land and sen forces
bsing thoss most conveniently omitted
from detailed description. The Brazilian
people arc made up OF three distinct
races: Europeans of every nationality
hut most Of Latin origin; Indians and
negroes. the latter two nationalifies
boing moro or less mixed in the process Of
assimilation. Many of tho early Portu-
guese also. when women were scarce.
took wives from among tbs conquered
Indians. and such a connection was not
regarded a. a mesalliance even by thcse
OF good birth. Consequently this Indian
strain runs through many OF the very
best families in the country. In SAC
Paulo, for instance. this mixture became
very marked. and produced an almost
white race as the strain OF Indian blood
became loss, and from this race sprang
tho original -Paulistas. who stinguished
themselves Tor their bravery in driving
the savage Indians from the coast and
later by their enterprise and administra-
tive capacity.
Tho pure Indians are now found only
on the Amazon. the headwaters OF the
Paraguay and the sections remote from
railways Of such States as Sac Paulo
Parana and Bahia. Most Of them were
never the bloodshirsty race that our own
redskins were.- remarks Mr.. Winter. evil
IDENTIFY forgetting that our redskins we're
generally amiable and friendly until they
f>a naa mi vt al shrN
fault OF their own. with tiat doughty little
pepper pot Miles Standish and other I'M
just and INSCRIPTIONS swashbucklers Of
his ilk. A number Of the tribes wsre
cannibalistic. however. and are said to
have devoured not only their enemies
slain in battle but even their relatives. a.
a special mark Of favor and considera-
ton. The negroes were imported slaves.
as We have already said. and in some
places far outnumbered the whites. IN
Minas Geraes. for example. in the early
part Of the eighteenth century there were
5000 OF them out OF total population Of
$4,000. and chiefly recent imports into the
bargain. Some OF the whites were SO
fearful for their own lives that they petit
toned the King 20 put into execution the
Black Code, which meant that the right
leg OF n fugitive slave might be cut OF
and a wooden one substituted. Thus by
terror the exccss Of blacks were kept in
subsection. At present the proportion Of
black population is much greater in the
northeastern States than elsewhere When
slavery wis finally abolished in 1879 there
were about 10000 slaves In tho empire.
chiefly on the coffee plantations. ON
cially there Ii no distinction. and men
have occupied the highest Offices in the
republic who Enthusiastically had q trace
OF the negro blood. Negro lawyers and
doctors appear to he patroni1ed by the
whites. ana their families seem TO have
friends among all glasses. But Ameri-
cans who live there. as we'll IA some Bra
ziiians. told the author that there is a
growing prejudice among those free from
the negro blood against that race and
even the slightest mixture Of IL. until now
il has become very noticeable in many
ways. and is even making itself felt in
political circles.
IL il the Portuguese element which il
the most interesting. and Their. In AZ eas,
a remnant of the pure Portuguese left.
They have many good and eScellsnt quail
ties. A a race they frequently lack what
but they have some Of the finer traits.
frequently missing in our own people
among them an innate courtesy which is
sometimes almost overwhelming The
Brazilian women are handsome in their
youth. and their physique In better than
that Of the men. who in Rio ara mostly
narrow shoulder-d and thin chested.
One of the wealthiest and most pro0res-
sive business men Of Rio declared to the
author that politics are the curse Of the
country. II il all words and delay
evidently. from the context, meaning that
Dragging takes the place Of action-and
Congress wants tn subsidize everything.
instead Of giving competition a chance.
Another unfortunate condition and char
acteristic il the dependence upon wbnt
Americans would call pull. or influence
Every sort Of thing has to have a Govern
ment inspector. who more frequently
than not knows nothing whatever OF the
subject in hand and simply draws a good
round salary from his sinecur-. There
IL no public opinion Mr. Winter was told
by one Of the IN st influential and able
men IN Brazil; "the masses do not think
The politicians plan and carry out things
themselves and create the opinion No
political ring in the United States has ever
been able To WELD such absolutely der-
potic power az these political clioues.
Here the voters will occasionally rise up
and smash the corrupt machine. while in
Brazil the elections are usually merely
perfunctory occasions that must he gone
through with.
The educational facilities are not OF
the best in the republic as whole. Il 10
perhaps safe to say that not over IS Dor
cent. Of the total population oan read
and write. II the Governments fseures
are correct and the population IL 10.
$4,000 as claimed. then scarcely 3
per cent. OF that population may be
regarded az enjoying school privileges.
In none Of the States does . compulsory
law exist. and IL Il did the
facilities do not exist for taking oars Of
those Of school age who would be OBLIGED
to attend. On this subject. a. on all
others dealt with. the author fc-,...s... "a