The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1910-08-11

Fire is the greatest source Oh INJURY W GU
calyptus plantations. Both the natural charac-
teristics of the trees and the conditions within
planted groves render them peculiarly suscep-
tible to fire injury. The large quantity of lit
ter-dry leaves, branches and shredded bark
which accumuateS beneath a stand Is extreme
" inhammable. The bark of eucalyptus is so
thin that the trees are injured even by light
surface fires.
The wood of blue gum is very heavy hard,
strong and tough, but Is no. durable in contact
with the soil 1t is close-grained, and Is split
with difficulty after it has dried II is less elias
tic than hickory. but it has been demonstrated
by mechanical tests that seasoned blue gum
timber is little inferior in strength and stiff
ness to the best second-growth hickory. In ap-
pearance it closely resembles the wood of hick-
DRY and ash.
Blue-gum timber IS utilized for a great vari
ETY. of purposes in California The wood is ex-
cellent for fuel, and in the treeless valleys has
been the chief fuel supply for many years. In
southern California the steady demand renders
commercial planting for fuel very profitable
Eucalyptus timber has been extensively used in
California for wharf piling Blue-gum piles are
in use in nearly every port on the California
coast and extended trial has shown that they
resist the attacks of marine borers which de-
stroy timber in sea water longer than other
species commonly used for piling. Blue-gum
timber has also been used to some extent for
fence posts and telephone poles. The wood Is
not suitable for this purpose, however, on ac-
count of its short life in the ground. Seasoned
posts last little longer than green posts. and
timber cut from the heart is more durable than
sapwood.
Blue-gum timber has been used to limited
extent to determine its value for railroad ties.
The results thus tar obtained indicate that II
compares favorably with second grade pine-tie
timber.
The lumber has been extensively used for We.
hicle stock and for wooden parts OF agricultural
implements. 1t is also made into insulator pins
for electric wiring. and Is used Tor furniture
and cabinet work. hardwood flooring, trip-ham-
mer beams, the levers Of windlasses, and the
blocking for oil and wine presses wood paving.
pulley blocks and belt wheels.
The extensive utilization of gum lumber has
hitherto been prevented by the scanty supply OF
timber of merchantable size and by the diff
Guilty experienced in seasoning the lumber with
out warping and checking. 1t Is believed. how
ever that in the seasoning of gum no greater
difficulties will be encountered than In season
ing Of any other hardwood Of similar density
and strength.
product of considerable Importance derived
from blue gum is the oil distilled from the
leaves Eucalyptus oil is recognized as valu
able drug and Is extensively used by pharma
cists and physicians.
In many valleys of California eucalyptus
windbreaks are considered absolutely necessary
to insure the successful production of crops
They have been NEST extensively used to safe
guard citrus orchards from strong and de-
structive winds In southern California, but they
are now being established also for the pro
lection of vineyards and orchards Of decduous
fruits olives and walnuts The blue gum eX
cells other species for windbreak purposes on
account of It's height and the raDidity of its
growth The tall shafts OF the trees bend be-
fore the wind and act cushion TO defect 1t
upward over the orchard. whereas ordinary
wndbreak trees form mere solid wall, and
the wind draws downward, forming eddies
the leeward side.
Eucalyptus reproduce readily by both seeds
and sprouts The trees bear seed in abun
natural reproduction is freely established
Trees also sprout vigorously from both the
stump and the roots. either after cutting or IN
response to injury. In California commercial
groves are almost Invariably reproduced by
sprouts.
Plantations should be started with young
trees and not by direct sowing. The opinion
Is generally held that eucalyptus seedlings are
difficult to raise that their propagation Is
impractcable except for expert nurserymen.
In point of fact, blue gum Is one of the most
easily propagated species.