davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1910-12-06
Economies Effected
In Engraving Bureau.

In the Bureau Of Engraving and
Printing great economies have been ef-
feCted- Useless divisions have been
abolished with the result Of saving
$4,000 this year IN tho total expenses Of
the bureau despite increased business.
The Treasurer Office and that OF the
Division Of Public Moneys IN part cover
the same functions, and this IS also true
OF the office OF the Register and the d.
vision Of Loans and Currency. Plans
for the elimination Of the duplication IN
these Offices VIII be presented TO Con-
gress-
The office OF the Comptroller OF the
Currency IS one most important in the
preservat ton OF proper banking methods
in the national banking system Of the
United States. and the present Comp
troller has impressed his subOTdinates
with the necessity Of 50 conducting their
Investigations as 70 establish the prin-
Ciple that every bank failure is unneCeS-
sary because proper inspection and
notice OF threatening conditions 10 the
responsible directors and officers can
prevent it
The Washington times., 1910-12-06
DISCUSSES DETAIL THE RELATION OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS TO BUSINESS
BELIEVES DEPARTMENTS CAN BE BETTERED MADE LESS EXPENSIVE

pedited as much as possible The prOpo-
sition TO make Olongapo and SubiS Bay
the naval base for the Pacific was given
I'D. and il is 10 be treated merely as
a supply station, while the fOrtifications
in the Philippines are 20 be largely con-
fined 10 COrTegidOT Island and the ad-
iacent ISLANDS which command entrance
70 Manila Eay. and which are being
rendered imDregnable from land and sea
attack The Pacific naval base has been
transferred to Pearl Harbor in the
Hawaiian Islands. This necessftates the
heavy FORTH cation Of the harbor and
the esta biishnlent OF an important mill
tary station near Honolulu. I urge that
all the estimates made by the War De-
partment for these purposes be ap-
proved by Congressional appropriation
The Washington times., 1910-12-06
Judicial Procedure.

One great crying need IN the United
states is cheapening the cost OF lfti-
cation by simplifying judicial pro-
cedure and expeditng final judg-
ment- Under present conditions the
poor man IS at a Woeful dissSvSn-
tage in a legal contest with q cer-
poratiOn or a rich opponent The
necessity for the reform exists both
in United States courts and IN all
State courts In order &c bring It
about. however, II naturally falls to
the General Government By its ex-
ample to furnish q model to all
States A legislative commission ap-
pointed by joint resolution Of Con
gresS 70 revise the procedure IN the
Uni1ed States courts has as yet made
no report
Under the law the Supreme Court
Of the United States has the power
and is given the duty to frame the
equity rules OF procedure which are
to obtain in the Federal courts o.
first instance. In view Of the heavy
burden Of pressing litigation which
that Court has had to carry. with
one OF two Of its members incapsci-
tated through i'll health, It has not
been able 10 take up problems Of i'm
proving the equity procedure, which
has practically remained the same
since the organization Of the Court
in 1888 It is reasonable II expect
that with all the vacancies upon the
Court filed. 1t will take Up the CUES
ton OF cheapening and simplifying
the procedure in equity in the courts
OF the United States
The Washington times., 1910-12-06
Need For Additional Officers,

one OF the great difficulties in the
urompt organization and mobilization OF
militia snT volunteer forces IS the an
sanca OF competent officers Of the rank
Of Ca0tafn 20 teach the new aIn'ss ~
the unit Of the company, the business u
being soldiers and Of taxing care o.
themselves so as to render efIecJlNe ser
vice This need OF army OnlceIs C@L
only be supplied BY DrOvlSioIs OF u !"
authorizing the appointment OF GLedt-
er number of army Officers than a.
needed +o supply the commands OF ASeu u
~ a7777y froODs. now enlisted IN the ser
vice There are enough regular army
officers u command the tyOouS now en-
listed hut Congress has autnoFlzeo' anu
rhts DEPARTMENT has followed lle cA-
,r-9-1e ~ congress and exercised the aU-
rh0rft- conferred by detalllns tuesS
army officers to duty other tndn IIla'
Of the command OF trOOUs- For ilS'sIlSsT
there n r. = large number Of army OH
- osef.rne5 n 6utv with military col
leceS or in colleges in which mliLIaiy
training Is given. Then a large NUMBER
of officers are assigned 20 genera sian
duty, and there are various o1neI PCS e
n which army officers can De and are
LEGALLY ASSIGNED. which take them aWslS
from their regiments and co1ipallieS- Al
order that the militia OF edcn StatS
should be properly drilled and I!l3dS
TuO-e like the regular army, regular
arn71- Officers should be detailed 10 as
sist the adjutaut general or eaCn 80 e
IN the supervision Of the State militia;
but this is impossible unless provision
IS made by Congress fer very collsld-
cradle Increase in the number OF com
7,z-71- ana 6eId officers OF the army \
-bIlI was pending in the last session OF
Congress for this purpose, and L earn
estlv hope that, in the interest OF the
proper development OF a repuDiICe-L-
army. an army. small in the time OF
peace. but possible Of prompt and ade,
ouate enlargement in time of war ShaiI
become possible under the laws OF the
United States
The Washington times., 1910-12-06
REMOVAL IS URGED
OF COURT APPEALS
Believes 1t the Duty of the Supreme Court Leading to
Simplifcation of Procedure In United States
Tribunals, to Abolish Plan

Of Panama than they are at Port said
or Sucz, because there are no deuots
Tor COAL supplies, and other CONNER
clai necessities within thousands OF
miles OF the Isthmus
Private Concessions
Arouse Suspicion.
Another important reason vbv tre..
anciIlary duties may vel be undertaken
by the Government, IS the opportunity
Tor discrimination between patrons q
the canal that is offered where privats
concessions are granted for The fur
nishing Of these facilities. Nothing
would create greater preiudfoe
against the canal than the suspicion
Iaaf certain lines OF traffic were ia
Vored IN the furnishing Of Supplies
CT that the supplies were controlled
% any large interest that might have
a motive for increasing the cost OF
the use or the canal II may be added
Jldt Inc Cerm1nu are not ample
enough TO permit the fullest ComDe-
tItfOn IN respect to the furnishing OF
these facilities and necessities 10 the
World-s trade even II Il were wise 70
invite such competition and the
granting Of the concession would
necessarily, under these Circurn-
stances, take on the APPEARANCE OF
privilege OF monopoly.
cannot close this reference TO the
cdnal without suggesting as a wise
amendment 20 the interstate com
nlerce law a provision prohibiting in
teIstaIe comm cree railroads from
owning or controlling ships engaged
IN tne trade through the Panama
canal believe such a provision NAV
- = L4eSuso 70 save 70 the people Of the
HlteQ states the benefits OF the COM
petition in trade between the eastern
ana western SeabOards which this
Cahal was constructed TO secure
The Washington times., 1910-12-06
Fortifcations,

I have directed that the estimates for
appropriation for the Improvement of
coast defensts in the United States
should be reduced to a minimum, while
those for the completion OF the needed
fortificatfons at COrregidor in the Phil
ippine Islands and at Pearl Harbor, in
the Hawaiian Islands. should be ex-
The Washington times., 1910-12-06
Claims.

I invite the attention OF Congress 10
the great number OF claims which. a.
the instance OF Congress- have been CUu-
sidered by the Court Of Claims and Ge-
oided to be valid claims against the
Government. The delay that occurs an
the pavraent OF the money due under
the claims INJURIES the reputation Of the
Government as an honest debtor, and
earnestly recommend that those claims
which come 70 Congress with the 1udg-
ment and approval of the Court Of
Claims should be promptly paid.
The Washington times., 1910-12-06
Bill to Increase
Army Engineers.

A bill, the strong argument for which
can be based on the ground quite SINH
lar 10 that of the increased officers
hin Is the bin for the increase of sixty
in the Army Engineers The Army En-
gineers are largely employed IN the eX-
Den6iture OF the moneys appropriated
Tor the iuoDrovement of rivers and har-
bo~s- This in addition to their military
duties. which includes the construction
of Notifications both Of our coasts anu
in our dependencies. together with the
( number used in the Panama Canal
work. requires many more engineers
than the army has; and this shOrtness
OF supply in such officers delays I'M
Dortant river and harbOr work and i'm
1ortaut fOrtific cation work I earnestly
recommend the passage of this bill,
which passed the House at the last Ses-
sion ard is now pending in the Senate
The Washington times., 1910-12-06
National incorporation.

In special message last year I
brought to the attention OF Congress the
pTOpriety and wisdom OF enacttnE
general law providing for the iucOrpOra-
ton Of industrial and other companies
engaged IN Interstate commerce. ana 1
renew ny recommendation in that be
half
The Washington times., 1910-12-06
War Denartment.

The War Department has within its
Jurisdiction the management OF the
army, and, in connection Herewith. the
coast defenses; the government Of the
dependencies Of the Philippines and OF
Porto Rico; the Recommendation Of
The Washington times., 1910-12-06
Philippine Islands.

During the last summer. at nv 70
quest, the Secretary OF War visited the
Philippine Islands and has described
his trip In his report He found the
Islands in state Of TRANQUILITY and
growing prosperity. due largely Ia the
change IN the tariff laws, which has
opened the markets Of America 10 the
products Of the Philippines, ana has
opened the Philippine markets to Amer
lcan manufactures The rapid fncrea Sc
IN the trade between the two Countries
Is shown IN the following table:
Pnilippine exports. fiscal years 1913
1910 Exclusive Of gold and silve~S,
The Washington times., 1910-12-06
Rivers and Harhnrs

I have already expressed my opinion
TO Congress in respect to the character
Of the river and harbOr bills which
should be enacted into law; and I have
exercised as much power as I have
under the law in directing the Chief OF
Engineers to make his reports to- Con-
gress conform 70 the needs Of the COM
mitJee framing such a bill in deteTmin-
ing which Of the proposed improvements
is the more important and ought 20 be
COmpleLed first. ana promDIlE.
The Washington times., 1910-12-06
Question Of Control
After Completion.

The next question that arises is as
to the maintenance, management anC
general control OF the canal after its
completion. It should be promised that
il IS an essential part Of our zavv es-
u blishment TO have the coal, oil, and
repair shops, conveniently located with
reference to naval vessels passing
through the canal Now, if the Gov
eminent, for naval purposes, Is to uls-
deTtake to furnish these cOnveniences
TO the navy, and they are convenienees
equally required by commercial yes
sells. there would seem to be strong
reasons why the Government should
ment the furnishing, not only TO the
navy but TO the public, drydock and
repaiT-ShOp facilities. and the sale Of
coal, oil, and other ship supplies.
The maintenance Of a lock canal of
this enormous size in a sparsely. popu-
lated country and in the tropics, where
the danger from disease is always pres
ent. requires a large and complete and
well-trained organization with full pO-
lice powers, exercising the utmost care.
The visitor TO the canal who Is i'm
pressed with the wonderful freedom
from tropical diseases on the Isthmus
must not be misIed as to the constant
vigilance hat is needed to preserve this
condition The vast machinery of the
locks, the necessary amount Of dredS-
ing, the preservation Of the banks Of
the Cd0GA A4OlAA StAuCG. Nl-E OAItId
and the maintenance Of the equipment
of the railway-wiu all require a force,
not. Of course, to be ikened In any way
to the present organization for constrac-
ton, but a skilled body Of men who
can keep in a state Of usefulness this
great instrument OF commerce Such
an organization makes it easy to include
within its functions the furnishing Of
drydock, fuel, repairs, and supply IA
ciIities to the trade OF the world. These
VIII be more essential ct the Isthmus
The Washington times., 1910-12-06
Equity Business
Is Most Important.

The equity business Is much the more
important in the Federal courts and I
NAV add much the more expensive. I am
strongly convinced that the best
method Of Improving judicial pro-
cedure at Law is 20 empower the Su-
prerne Court 10 do It through the
medium of he rules Of the court, as
in equity This is the way in which
IL has been done IN England and
thoroughly done The simplicity and
expedition Of procedure IN the Eng
fish courts today make q model for
the reform o. other systems
Several Of the Lord ChanCellorS of
ENGLAND an Of the Chief Justices
have left their lasting impress upon
the history Of their country IVY their
constructive ability in prOpos ing and
securing the passage OF remedial
legislation effaCing law reforms I
can not conceive any higher duty
that the Supreme Court could per-
The Washington times., 1910-12-06
Revenue Collections
Greatly Improved.

&gain, IN the collection Of the rev
enues, especially the customs rev.
euues, a very great Improvement has
been effected. and further improve
ments are contemplated BY the de-
lection of frauds II weighing sugar up-
wards of $4,000 have been recovered
from the benefCiaTieS Of the fraud, ana
an entirely new system free from the
possibilities Of such abuse has been de
vised. Tire department has perfected
the method Of collecting duties at the
port OF New York so as to save the
Government upwards OF Sl0-cc2,0oj or
S11,Qoo,0o9- and the same spirit of change
and reform mas been infused into the
other customs offices OF the country.
The methods used at many places are
archaic. There would seem to De no
reason at all why the surveyor % the
port, who really acts for the collector,
should not be a subordinate of the col
IectOr at a less salary and directly IN
der his control and there is but little
reason fOv the existence of the naval
officer, who IS a kind Of local auditor.
His work Is mainly an examination OF
= accounts which is conducted again in
Washington and which results in no
greater security TO me Government
The naval officers IN the various ports
are Presidential anpOinteeS, many OF
them drawing good salaries, and those
offices should be abolished or with re-
dUced force made part OF the central
auditing system
The Washington times., 1910-12-06
Auditing System

The auditing system in vogue Is as
old as the Government and the methods
used are altiCuaCed- There are SIX
auditors and seven assistant auditors
Tor the nine departments, and under
the present system the only function
which the auditor Of a department eS-
ercises IS TO determine, on accounts
presented by disbUrsing officers, that
the object Of the expenditure was with
in the law and the appropriation made
by Congress for the purpose on its face,
and that the calculations in the &C
counts are correct be does not eN-
anime the merits Of the transaction or
determine the reasonableneSs OF the
price paid for the articles purchased,
nor does he furnish any substantial
check upon disbursinE officers and the
heads OF departments or bureaus with
sufficient pTOmpIueSS TO enable the
Government TO recOup itself in full
measure for unlawful expenditure =
careful plan IS being devised and viii
be presented TO Congress with the rec
onmendatiOn that the force Of auditors
and employs. under them be greatly
reduced thereby efecting substantial
economy But this economy VIII be
small compared with the larger econ
O:ny that can be effected by COnSOIida-
ton and change Of methods The pos
IN the reduction Of expenses and the
Importance Of methods and efficiency
in the office Of the Auditor for The Post
Office Department. who. without in the
slightest degree iE1psiTIng the COmpTe-
hensiveneSs and efficiency Of his work,
has cut down the expenses Of his office
E7s0 COO : year
The Washington times., 1910-12-06

Poration whose record IS sought The
returns Of all Operations are subjected
10 the inspection Of any government Of
hcer or to the examination of any court,
IN which the return made by the cor
porstiOn is relevant and competant evil
dence
The Washington times., 1910-12-06
Canal Fertilization
important Question.

Among questions arising for present
solution is the decision whether the
Canal shall be fortified I have already
stated to the Congress that strongly
favor fertilization and nav Tsiterate
The Washington times., 1910-12-06

Note.-Latest monthly returns show In
ports for the year ending August. 1910.
from the United States S1G. SIS go. or 29
S5,I93, 4I9 from the United states. or ~
per cent OF the SIS, 94s.01I total Tor the
year ending August. Iq09
The Washington times., 1910-12-06
Plan to Abolish
Customs Districts.

There are entirely too many customs
districts and too many customs cOllec-
tors These districts should be con
solidated and the collectors in charge
Of them, who draw good salaries, many
OF them out OF proportion 10 the col
The Washington times., 1910-12-06
Volunteer Force
Important Factor.

IN the Army Of the United States, n
addition 70 the regular forces and the
militia. forces which may be summoned
10 the defense Of the Nation by the
President. there IS also the volunteer
force. which made up a very large part
of the army IN the Civil war, and which
IN any war Of long continuance would
become its moot important constituent
There IS an act which dates from the
Civil War, known as the Volunteer
Act. which makes provision for the
enlistment OF volunteers IN the Army OF
the United states in time OF war This
was found 10 be 50 defective In JHe
Phuipuine War that a. special act Tor
lie Organization Of volunteer regiments
10 take part in that war was adopted
ana Ii was much better adapted 10 the
necessities Of the case There Is now
penCina in Congress a bill repeating me
present Volunteer Act and making pro
vision for the organization Of volunteer
forces IN time Of war; which iS a0-
mira bly, adapted TO meet the exlEene1es
which would be then presented me
passage Of the bill would not entail a
dollars expense upon the Government
81 fhis time. OF in the future, until
war comes, but when war does come
the methods therein directed are IN &C
cardance with the best military 1udS-
ment as to what they ought 10 De- anu
the act would prevent the necessity lo[
the discussion Of new teE1slation anu
the DELAYS incident % Its considers on
and adoption / earnestly urge inc
MASSAGE OF this Volunteer Bill
further recommend that Congress
eera bIfsH a commission 10 determine a.
early a 8 practicable a cOTnpE -.
rOIlC,- for the organization mobilization
ava administration Of the regular army
the organized militia, and the voiunteeI
forces iu the event Of var
The Washington times., 1910-12-06

plans for the Improvement or haTbOTs
and waterways, and their execution
when adopted; and, by virtue of an
executive order, the supervision o. the
construction Of the Panama Canal
The army Of the Unitec States is a
small body compared with the total
number OF people for the preservation
OF whose peace and good order II is a
last recourse. The army now numbers
about S00t0 men, Of whom about 1880
are engaged in the Coast Artillery and
detailed to the management and use OF
the guns in the forts and batteries that
protect our coasts The rest OF the
army, OF about G0.0G0. Is the mobile part
Of our national forces and is divided
into 81 regiments Of infantry, including
the Porto Rican regiment, Is regiments
Of cavalry, s regiments Of field artillers
a corps OF ordnance, OF engineers, and
OF signal, a quartermaster's depart
ment. a cOmmissary department, and q
medical CORPS.
The Washington times., 1910-12-06
CURRENCY SYSTEM
TO DEVELOP TRADE
Must Have Solid Foundation for the Development of
Our National Trade, Says the President In
Discussing Commercial Expansion.

Iections made, should be abolished or
treated as mere branch offices. in &C
cordance with the plan Of the Treasury
Department which VIII be presented
for the consideration Of Congress. AS
an illustration, the cost Of collecting
81 Of revenue at typical small ports like
the port Of York, Ne, was 5000 At
the port Of Annapolis, Nd, il cost $500 Il
to collect 81 Of revenue; at Natchez,
S52-76. at Alexandria, Va SI22 20
It is not essential to the preventing
Of smuggling that customs districts
should be increased in number. The
violation OF the customs laws can be
quite as easily prevented, and much
cutter service and by the use OF the
special agent travelling force of the
Treasury Department A reorganization
OF the special customs agents has been
perfected with a view to retaining only
those who have special LInowIedge Of
the customs laws. regulations, and
usual methods OF evasion and with this
Improvement. there viii be no danger
mended consolidation and abolition OF
customs districts
Sacrifice Shown
In Appraising System.
An investigation of the appraIsfns
system now in vogue in New York
city has shown Under-appraisement and
a sacrifice Of the interests Of the Gov
eminent, which is in the course OF
being remeoied by reorganization and
the employment OF competent experts.
Prosecutions have been instituted grow
ing out Of the frauds there discovered
and are now awaiting hearing in the
Federal courts
Very great improvements have been
made IN respect to the minis and assay
offices Diminished appropriations have
been asked for those whose continuance
IS unnecessary, and this years estimate
OF expenses is S326.O00 less than two
years ago There is an opportunity for
further saving IN the abolition Of sew
e-al minis and assay offices that have
now become unnecessary. During the
past yer 100 unnecessary employees
have been dropped frOm the Phiia-
delphta mint. Modern machinery has
been installed there, more and better
work has been done, and the appropria-
tons have been consequently dimin-
fShed
The Washington times., 1910-12-06
United Other

-, --'-.---- Ai'-l-t3ol 1jrsielI5E 81, S93, 553
1910 ....----- 1ET4i,7u 211Z2 3gs 3q.Fg4.1G9
Note--Latest returns show exDorrs for
the year ending August, 1910 10 the
United States S28,035.e 02, OF ~ per cent
OF the 4l,095,72S total, against sf1. or. -
20 the United States, or - per cent OF
the S32IS3,SlI total for the wear erSfnr-
August, 1893.
Philippine imports. fiscal years 1873
1910 Exclusive OF gold and silver and
government suppIies).
The Washington times., 1910-12-06
VIII Determine Use
By Tolls Charged

In ell these cases the question whether
the Panama Canal is to be used and Its
tonnage increased viii be determined
mainly BY the charge for its use. Nv
own impression Is that the tolls ought
not to exceed 81 per net ton. On jam
airy l. 1911 the tolls IN the Suez Cana
are 10 be francs and . centimes for
one net ton by Suez Canal measure
ment, which is e modification Of Danube
measurement. A dollar a ton Will
secure under the figures above a gross
income from the Panama canal Of near
y Sl-co0.00U- The cost OF maintenance
and operation Is estimated to exceed
S3.00o.000- Ultimately. OF course. with
the normal Increase IN trade, the in
come VIII approximate the interest
charges upon the investment On the
whole 1 should recommend that within
certain limits the President be author
lied 70 tx the tolls OF the Canal and
adjust them TO what seems to be com
meTCial necessity. The inquiries already
made OF the chief engineer Of the canal
show that the present consideration OF
this question IS necessary IN order that
the commerce Of the world NAV have
time to adjust itself to the new con-
didOns resulting from the opening OF
this new highway