davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1910-03-25
MURDERER'S BODY
NOT SURRENDERED
Wilmington Coroner Holds
1t for Full Identification.
BETHEA WAS A MADMAN
south Carolina Man who Killed
Pullman Conductor and Porter Be-
fore He Was shot Created scenes
In Baltimore Before Boarding the
Train on Which He Caused Terror.

Wilmington, Del, March 24.-The body
of John Henry Bethea, the contractor OF
Dillon. S c. who was shot and killed in
battle with the police here last even
/ ing. after he had killed Conductor Ora
E. Wellman. of Philadelphia, and Sam
uel Williams, a negro porter, Of Wash
! ington, on the Baltimore and Ohio Rail-
road Royal Blue Limited train, is still at
/ the county morgue here. Messages were
received this afternoon by the First Ma
/ tional Bank and by John B. Martin. a
/ Wilmington undertaken. from bank at
Dillon. requesting shipment Of the re-
mains TO that place.
/ Coroner Gaynor refused to surrender
/ the body, for the reason that it has not
been identified A message was sent to
NJ. E. Medlin. OF Dillon. by the coroner,
asking him TO come TO Wilmington and
/ identify the victim No reply was re-
/ ceived- The name M E MedlIn" was
in a book carried by Bethea. with a re-
/ quest that Medlin be notified in case of
! accident. The coroner expects some one
from Dillon to arrive tomorrow. One
Z AAAA4ilA III ubttdfS was AtAlAI III DCAlEd ;
right shoe.
Other Bodies sent Home.
/ The body of Conductor Wenman was
sent to HIS home in Philadelphia to-day.
That of the porter. Williams, was shipped
10 Washington.
I am from Dillon. S. c. Do look
/ like I am crazy? The Johns Hopkins
Hospital says ! am too crazy to be
treated"
This was the statement of Bethea when
he strobe up to Daniel O'Neill, clerk for
I the City Cab Company at the Baltimore
! and Ohio station in Baltimore about 8
o'clock yesterday afternoon. Bethea had
been at the John Hopkins Hospital in
the morning. O'Neill was positive Bethea
I had not been drinking. Patrolman Rob
I ert Morgan, who saw Bethea at the sta
ton. said he acted as though he had St.
/ Vitus dance.
II was about o'clock in the morning
that Bethea appeared at the hospital
/ Upon the arrival of the clerk the man
rushed up 10 the desk and. in excited
tones, stated that he was sick, that he
was J. H. Bethea, of Dillon. S. c.. and
wanted 10 see a physician at once.
When told that he could not see a
physician at once. he became more ex-
cited and, leaving the Office. paced TO and
fro in the corridor
to an inferno he said he wanted treat
ment for stomach trouble, but was told
he would have to regularly enter the
hospital and prepare for examination. Hs
mumbled to himself for some time and
then left
He next made himself conspicuous at
the Baltimore and Ohio station. where
he bought a ticket for New York
The Washington herald., 1910-03-25

Indianapolis. Ind. March 24.-The home
CITY of former Vice President Fairbanks
gave him and Mrs. Fairbanks a gener-
Gus welcome home this afternoon. Thou
sands stood on the streets that formed
the line OF parade and cheered.
Mr.. Fairbanks was met the the union
station by a committee OF citizens. headed
by Gov Marshall. and escorted to the
open square. where the national and
State military and hundreds of citizens
were waiting to bid him welcome. The
detachment of United States regulars
from Fort Benjamin Harrison, in com
mand of Mai Van Vliet, with the regl-
mental band. faced the arriving guest on
the east side of the square. while the
First Battalion. Second Regiment. Indi-
ana State Militia, commanded by Maj.
Condo, was drawn up on the west side,
with the Indianapolis Military Band in
front
SRIutes Are Fired.
Proper military saIutes were offered
as MT. and Mrs. Fairbanks. accompanied
by the reception committees. entered the
square and moved TO the waiting auto
mobiles, decorated with flags.
The movement OF the parade 10 the
circle where the chief ceremonies were
held was along streets lined with flags
and bunting. while from the tops and
front Of virtually all the business houses
in the downtown district the national
colors waved.
The parade was led by a platoon of
twelve mounted sergeants OF police. The
United States infantry. headed by the
band, followed the police while the militia.
battalion followed the three automobiles
carrying the distinguished guests and the
receiving party Following the militia
came automobiles with all the committee
men in charge OF the event and visiting
mayors
Addresses School Children.
On the north side OF the Federal Build
ing hundreds Of school children were
gathered. The parade halted in New
York street opposite the Harrison mon
ument. while Mr.. Fairbanks made a few
remarks to the children. The schools had
been dismissed for the afternoon
Arriving at Monument place. Gov Mar
shall made the speech of welcome and
Mr.. Fairbanks responded, saving he was
glad 20 be again at home, and that in his
travels he had seen no place that looked
as good 10 him as his home city. At the
close OF the address Mr.. Fairbanks was
taken by the committee to his North
Meridian street home.
The Washington herald., 1910-03-25

Todsy-High tide, SOL a. m. and s.z m
10 wilde, 2;l5 a. N. and 2:3S D N.
To-morrov-High tide. sss6 a. N. and sOa D. m.
low tide, 2:52 a. and 3l5 p. "a.
The Washington herald., 1910-03-25
MYSTIC CEREMONY
OF SCOTTISH RITE
Lights Extinguished Until
Easter Sunday.
MORE THAN 700 AT BANQUET

Representative suIzer Pays Glowing
Tribute 10 Masonry, and High Off
GERS Make Addresses to Supreme
CounciI-MusicaI Programme Con-
sists of Violin and ContraltO solos.
The Washington herald., 1910-03-25
Temperatures An Othrr cite.
Ruin

amount Of rainfall for the twelve hours ended At
!. n yesterday, are as follows:
The Washington herald., 1910-03-25
kensington Railway

Cars from 18th st. and New York
ave. every quarter hour. pass Rock
Creek Bridge. Main Entrance ZOOIogi-
cal Park, and Chevy Chase, Connect
at Lake with kensington Line.
The Washington herald., 1910-03-25

There are branch Offices of The Wash
ington Herald scattered all over the city.
but II none is conveniently located for
you. your ad. viii be accepted over the
phone at the regular rata
The Washington herald., 1910-03-25

special to The Washington Herald
Harpsrs Fern. ". Va. March A.-Both rivers
clear.
The Washington herald., 1910-03-25

Munyon's Paw Paw Pills coax the liver
into activity by gentle methods. They do
not scour, grippe or weaken. They are a
tonic to the stomach, liver and nerves:
invigorate instead of weaken. They en-.
Tich the blood and enable the stomach to
get all the nourishment from food that Is
put into IT, These pills contain no Gallo
mel; they are soothing, healing and slim
ulating. For sale by all druggists In fOc
and 25e sizes IL you need medical adj
vice, write Munyon's Doctors. They will
advise to the best OF their ability abso-
iutely free Of Charge, MUNYON'S. 6sd
and jefferson SITS, Philadelphia, Pa.
:. Send I0c for sample
The Washington herald., 1910-03-25
LAWS DELIVERED
TO SUIT His CLIENT
Letters of a Lobbyist Aston
ish Insurance PrOberS.
DID HE RUN LEGISLATURE

William II. Buckley, Former Deputy
of Insurance, offered Advance In
formation of Court of Appeals De-
eisIon for Certain Sums, According
to correspondence with sheldon.
The Washington herald., 1910-03-25
Hotel Dunlop.

Ocean ave. and Boardwalk, Atlantic City n J.
RefuTpished and Tedecuated throughout. European
plan. SIS Per day and up Figst-class restaurant.
Full orchestra. white service. Open al year
T. R. BOWMAN. Mgr.
The Washington herald., 1910-03-25
WELCOME Is WARM
Fairbanks Greeted on Return
from World Tour.
GOVERNOR HEADS DELEGATION

streets of indianapolis Are ThrOnged
and People Cheer as Former Vice
President and Wife Are Driven
from Train-Business Partly Sus-
pended-ChiIdren Given Holiday.
The Washington herald., 1910-03-25
NEW NoREoLkLl

60 One STEAMER ROUND GO
VS Way ST. JOHNS TRIP PO
Saturday Excursion. 500 Round Trim.
Potomac & Chesapeake Steamboat Co.
WASHINGTON, 9Th 81 EhaTf-5 D N. TUESDAY
Thurs, sat; ar. Old Point a. m.i Norfolk. 7
a N
NORFOLK, Commerce street wharf, 2. n Old
Point Comfort. p H.; Wednesday Fri-, sun !:
Washington, S a. n.
Phone Main 3d. or HabeI's Ticke. Onee, Ma
tional Hotel
The Washington herald., 1910-03-25
HOTELS.
.St.JameS, European
WARRINGTON. D. @ lUs
CHURCH NOTICES.
EPISCOPAL

ST MARKS CHURCH. ID and A sis se.-Gool
Friday holy communion. Z a m. +; morning prayer
and litany. II a. m; evening prayer and sermon.
80 ,. m. Passion service conducted BY Re7. W
L. De Nnes. ph. D.. rector, y 70 ;.
The Washington herald., 1910-03-25
uoTE, eIAnSToME

ATLANTIC CITY. n. ].
Directly on the beach. Rooms en suite with baths
with hot and cold salt water. Sun paTlor. Elevator
10 street level. Booklet mailed.
n ]. COLLINS.
The Washington herald., 1910-03-25
HOTEL CLARENDON, y B9.s5 ', :ss Me-: ar,
fier NJ D. NFIAfAN
HOTEL ARLINGTON,

Michigan ave. and Beach
The location the house the food the service tka
uEW ri ARIflu Kentucky ave. I'd house from
NLH VIHhtVHI ocean; elevator TO street; sun
p4rlor; steam heat; booklet. S. X. BoNIFAcE-
IS
The Washington herald., 1910-03-25

Send Ioc for sample
The Washington herald., 1910-03-25

The body of Conductor Wellman was
sent to his home in Philadelphia to-day.
That of the porter, Williams, was shipped
70 Washington.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1910-10-04

ARRIVING

TWO ear loads Of material for the
new Rock Island station have already
arrived and more Is Oh the way
Excavation for the foundation Is
now practically completed and just as
soon as a sufficient quantity of ce-
ment is received work will be started
on the concrete foundation. A large
excavation has been made for the
basement which il 10 contain the heat
ing plant
MI Franzen, superintendent for
Lane & Co.. the contractors, IS ia
charge Of the work The plans which
are In bis possession show that the
building is 10 be a handsome and com
modious one in every respect It's to-
tai length viii be 20S feet and the main
waiting room will be 40 by e3 feet
III addition 70 this waiting room there
win also be smoking room for gen
tlemen, d retiring room for ladies. and
the Jim Grow" waiting room. Pressed
brick and concrete will be the material
sed ia the building.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1910-10-04
PAVING TAX
PAST Due
Delinquent List to be
Published Sell Pro-
perty in Nov
embeT

Have YOU paid your paving tax
If not, you'd better hurry for the
county treasurer IS getting ready to
advertise your property for sale.
On Sept Is the city clerk turned
over to the county treasurer list Of
all property on which paving assess
mNnts had not been paid Mr. XIII
gore has now completed extending the
list on the tax rolls OF the county and
during the later part Of this month
he will publish the delinquent list He
Will advertise the property for sale on
the FIRST Monday in november.
Property owners can settle with the
county treasurer any time before the
sale begins by paving the assessment
with interest at the rate Of one and
oue-half per cent a month since Sept.
l. After the sale begins an additional
penalty is imposed by law
The delinquent list covers both paw
ing and grading assessments.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1910-10-04
TWO MEN ON
TRIAL FOR
KILLING
Tragedy Occurred Near
IretOn Witness Tells
the Story

The trial Of Frank Porter and viii
Hawkins on charge Of killing Lem
Moore was begun in the district court
this morning
The tragedy of which the trial Is the
sequel occurred near Ireton on June Al,
1910. Mount Hayes, who was the FIRST
witness cslled, told the story substan.
TALLY as follows:
Hayes said he was in his home about
120 yards from the road when Haw-
kins and Moore drove up in the form.
ers wagon. Porter was standing be-
side the wagon. Witness saw the three
men drink out Of jug. The next
thing he saw was Hawkins and Moore
engaged in a scuffe Moore had push
ed Hawkins on the back Of the seat.
Porter then jumped into the wagon
and took a gun from one OF the meil--
witness didn't know which. Porter
transferred the gun from his right to
his left hand and then grabbed Moore
with his left hand and pulled him from
the wagon. Moore cot UP. walked
around behind the wagon and climbed
in on the opposite side. taking his seat
beside Hawkins
Within minute or two the wit
ness saw Hawkins motion to Moore
with his LETT hand toward the rear or
the Wagon Moore climbed over to
the back part Of the wagon and as he
Strengthened mp, the witness said, Por-
ter fired. Moore got out Of the wagon
and was crawling over the fence com
ing toward the house. when Hayes and
Ihls cousin, jim Hayes. went out to
meet him. Moore said, Bill, pm
Shot
| The wounded man was assisted to
ltne house and he lay down beside the
ldug out. saying, AIm going to die
1send for my wife and Daby--dont let
them shoot me any more phone for
khe doctor
Moore soon lapsed into unconscious
hess and was never again conscious.
1Eie died about 10 o'clock the next day.
pr, Dean Of Alex, who was called to
httend Moore, testified that he died
From gunshot wound
Jim Hayes, a cousin cf the first wit.
hess told the story in about the same
lway that was related BY Mount
Hayes.
F f. Riddle is attorney for the de-
PENDANTS.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1910-10-04

to the proper authorities. After due
process Of law such children R'Il be
sent to the reform school.
A truant officer was employed last
year and he did much good work,
many children being placed IN school
through his efforts, but Al that time
the reform school was not open and
consequently the board was notsin .
position 70 rigidly enforce the law but
the Pauls Valley institution is now
ready to receive pupils and there will
be something doing ID case the law is
disregarded BY parents or children
The board had little other business
before it. except the allowing Of the
usual bills
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1910-10-04

With physicians from number 81
towns IN attendance the fan season
OF the Central Oklahoma Medical as
sociation convened IN the City hall in
this city this afternoon at o'clock.
Following the reading Of the mil
uatee Of the previous meeting aud
miscellaneous business the program Of
papers and discussions was taken up.
AT the close Ok the afternoon session
the visitors win be given an automo-
bile ride in order to show them the
Nights Of the city and at 6 o'clock they
will be guests OF the local physicians
at a banquet which win be served at
the Geronimo
The evening session which VIII be
Of great interest to The public win be-
held at the Christian church Dr. RI
ley. health officer Of Oklahoma City,
viii give an illustrated lecture on
Smallpox" Dr. Riley had much ex.
perience with this disease during the
recent epidemic in Oklahoma City and
is recognized as eyle authority on the
subject. The lecture Il open 70 the
public.
The officers Or the association ares
President. a. b. cullum. Hennessey
first vice president r. II Clark, I'll
Reno; second vice president, ~ A
Kelso, Enid: secretary-treasurer, f. d.
Ebright, Enid censors T A. Rhodes,
Coltry r. r. rye. chickasha a. w
White. Oklahoma City
Among the visiting physicians pfe
the foIlowl=S Al 3. culium, Hennes-
sey. .. II. Barnes. acting secretary
Enid: c. A. Thomas. Weatherford
John W Riley. Oklahoma ci,y ". WI
Gil. Gracemont; }, 5. Hartford. OK.
lahoma City q. . Ferguson. oisla-
homa City Clarence Il. Lee. Oldaho
ma cils j. X phelan. Oklahoma
clty: 4. N. AdeFhold, III Reno; Hor
ace Reed. Oklahoma City. r. ii. Clark.
Ell Reno. ". ". Kerley. Anaaarbo.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1910-10-04
CENTRAL OKLAHOMA
MEDICS IN SESSION
Public Lecture by DR.. Riley at Christ
ian Church this Evening-Local
Doctors Host at a Banquet

IP. II. Anderson. Auadarko. Leigh X
Watson and VI N. Roland, Okahoma
city.
The program Of papers was as fol
lows:
@The Obliterated Appendix and its
Clinical Manifestations ns'-H. Reed, Ok
iahoma City.
eThe Trend of Modern Obstetrics"-
A. B Leeds, chickasha
Injuries During Childbirth and
Their Care. S Hartford, oklaho-
me City.
Eclampsia'-Lee Watson, Oklaho-
ma city.
The Importance Of Differentiating
Between Blastomycotic and Other
Skin Lessons Clarence p. Lee, Ok
lahoma City
Skin Cancersr-E S. Lain, oklaho.
ma City
~Fraetures" e. II. ThraiIkill, Chick
asha.
Paper, tsubiect to be announceD-
+ S. Ferguson. Oklahoma City.
The Tonslls n. Barnes, Enid
~e'holecysiItisN-J r. Messenbaugh,
Oklahoma City.
''PelIagra, With Report Of Case
J r. Phelan, Oklahoma City
Incapaciiy, Without Local Dis
easer-B W. Russell, chickasha
Paper, Gspbject 10 be announced
Dr Cook, Chickasha
Tuberculosis Of the kidneys, With
Report 81 Case"-S W Mayberry.
Enid
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1910-10-04
Reform School
For the Trunnts

After October i5 Il viii be UP to the
kids in chickasha to 80 to school
here Or to take course Of instruction
in the state reform school al Pauis
Valley.
That IS what the board Of education
decreed at their meeting last night.
The Oklahoma compulsory school
law provides that all children between
the ages Of eight and sixteen shall at
tend school at least five months each
year and the board has decided % en-
force Il to the letter The teachers
committee was authorized to employ
truant officer whose business it viii he
70 look up all truants and rer,.s them
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1910-10-04
Biggest Month in
History Of Shops

During the month OF September the
output Of the Rock Island machine
shops here exceeded thar Of any other
month in the entire history Of the
shops. More engines were turned out
that ever before left the shops during
the same period A large force Of ma.
chinists and helpers are busy and
there is no sign Of a letup.
Traffic men report business Of all
kinds picking up Cotton and coal are
the principal commodities that are be-
ing handled, shipmentsof both being
heavy
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1910-10-04
ICON CON"
ASSEMBLIES

Special BY United Press
Santa re- n, M, oct 1.-THE con
stilutional convention began its real
work today
Chas. Spies was elected president.
OF one hundred delegates seventy
one are republicans
The big fight Of the convention will
be between the standpatters and I'M
surgents.
Among the delegates there are thir-
ty-two lawyers, three editors, twenty
stockmen, twenty merchants, one col
leee president, seven farmers, four sa-
loon men, four bankers, three physic,
ians, three territorial officials including
judge Of the supreme court, one rail-
road conductor one lumber operator
and one mine operator
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1910-10-04
K. P. DAY AT
STATE FAIR

Twenty-seyen members OF the Chick
asha company of the Uniform Rank
Knights of Pythias- boarded the Frisco
special train this morning for oklaho-
ma City TO participate IN the parade
and other ceremonies Of X. P day at
the state fair
Arrayed in their handsome unto ms
and under the command Of Caps Wade
Laboon, the company made fine
showing.
The Frisco sold dfty,six tickets for
the special train which left this mora
ing at 1880 and good sized crowd
also went on the regular train.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1910-10-04
RIPLEY HITS
BACK

Special By United Press.
Topeka, kan, Oct 4.-That the
physical valuation Of the railroads Of
the United States by the government
you'd be worthless ID few months \
the contention Of President Ripley q.
the santa Fe ia y letter to Governor
siubbg
Ripley replies 10 the demands Of
the freight rate conference Of goger-
.s~ss and delegates OF twelve westerl
states aud his letter is repIete with
Argument showing why government In
reference in railroad matters Is use
less.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1910-10-04
COTTON BRINGS
A GOOD PRICE

r. L. Friend, who farms three miles
east Of town, was ia town tcday with
bale Of cotton which brought nim
$72.6i W W Horne OF the Eagle
Mercantile company bought it at 13h
cents 1T was the best lint | ever
saw brought here, said Mr. Horne.
Mr. Friends load weighed l,525
pounds and after It came out Of the
new Electric sin he had 507 pounds Of
lint which brought him s6S.54 The
seed paid the cost Of ginning and bag
ging and added $4.27 to the receipts
for his bale.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1910-10-04
MOnCrief Gets a
Year and a Day

III the case Of J. Y. Moncrief, who
was tried in the district court yes
terday On charge Of selling a forgea
instrument the jury returned verdict
Of guilty and fixed the penalty at a
year and day IN the penitentiary.
The jury was out about thirty min-
utes.
Moucrief WAS convicted of securing
money ou a. check to which me name
Of George l.add bad been slsned,
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1910-10-04
AT
The STAKE

Special by United Press.
Mobile. Ala. Oct. iAn infurIatea
mob of 400 men took Rush Winters, a
negro, from the Jail az Andalusia to-
day and burned him az the stake,
Winters had outraged and killed
Mrs. Stuckeg.
He was dragged from the Jail plead.
ing for mercy and was kicked and
beaten TO the public square where he
was chained to post
Tseces Of pine logs we're piled about
him and were set on fire.
The body was quickly burned.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1910-10-04
BOTH WERE
GOOD SHOTS

Special BY United Press.
Goshen, KY, Oct. 4.-Henry Lee. a
constable. and James Williams, a po-
liceman, fell dead in each others arms
at the end Of a shooting affair late
last night.
Williams being pierced BY six bullets
and four shots taking effect in Lees
body.
Lee had shot the father and brother
Of Williams several months arm
xture stock the largest
Poles lin oak, White o
ngths, dcubI9 drape ;
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1910-10-04

Los Angeles, Cal, Oct A. Under the
stimulus OF rewards aggregating $780,
900. citizens here and in all coast cities
are searching for clews that may lead
to the arrest of the band OF conspira-
tors held responsible for the blowing
up Of the Times building last Satur-
day, and the attempted destruction OF
the homes Of General Harrison Gray
Otis and +. J.. zeehandelaar, secretary
OF the Merchants and Manufacturers
association.
Police and civil officers believe there
were at least three men concerned in
the outrage and the city has placed Z;
price Of $4,000 on the head of eac
The county voted an additional rewar
Of $4,000 for every man captured ann
convicted. and the Merchants and Maj
ufacturers' association decided to offe
a reward Of $4,000
The entire city has been thorough
aroused. All classes are working (
bring to justice the dynamiters. On
newspaper that has been friendly to i
Dor printed first-page editorial d
manding that strikes now In force tsnl
called Off in view Of the structure d
rected at the unions in connection wit
the explosion. The State Federation
I a1or ufhfob mat T.. ror.-ot,ft,,., IA -,
yesterday. probably will take actic y
looking toward the appointment Of i
vestigators 70 work III conjunction vii
the committee named by city official q
Chief Of Police Galloway said he e :
pected to have one or all Of the bomll'
conspirators in custody coon. IN
William J. Burns, former head OF tleN
detective force engaged in the gram
cases of San Francisco, is as work ~
San Francisco in company with LdL
Angeles detectives threshing out thC
theory that the dynamite found III THU
internal machine at Zeehandelaar
home had been purchased near SaiS
Francisco by men named Leonard Bry-
son and Morris.
In the meantime forty additional pa
trolmen have been enrolled here by the
council Ten additional sergeants and
another lieutenant also Were author
ized. These men are now being placed
on guard about places where there
have been strike troubles recently
Two iron foundries. the Craig Ship
yard at Long Beach, the Alexandra
hotel annex, now in course Of consruc-
tion and several other large steel
buildings are heavily guarded