The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-01-04

MANI
TION.
aa. New short Linz Through the
creat wall to Europe-The Man
h,,jan System and It's Pullman
~r-rr,e Imperial Railway OF
North China Which Has EarHeu
g. 0 Within Ten 1ear"A
vrunk Line to Shanghai ana Nam
observation-disclosures New Raliroao-
rieDtsin and Canton as Future Isaii-
wa, Centers-AH About ue
Yanotse-kianS Railway - oohle
Queer Features OF Track Construc-
tion-China's First Locomotive.
lCopvright, 1909, by Frank e. Car
penter.)
During the past few MONTH nav
Travelled over most of the new rail-
,xays Of China. The empire mas on
the irno boots of modern progress
and if is laying out roads IN every II
rection- 1t has already more than
sonr thousand miles in operation ana
! double that in course Of projection
and construction. h systems al
ready under way will give easy access
to all the big cities, and with the az
ditions which are bound to come, tney
will eventually gridiron the country.
Today the Chinese have the poor
est railway facilities of all the great
nations. Their empire is larger than
the United States, and 1t has lour
times our population, neVerthe1eSS' ito
railways compare with ours IN the
ratio Of one mile to sixty. We have
row almost 100000 miles Of ral-
ways. When China is IN as run
swing she Will need 912, 900 miles,
and her iron mileage will not stop
at 1000, 900.
On the Nianchurian Railways.
I began my railway travel in China
on the chief M~anchurian system. l
landed at Dalny and went north to
Mukden. The trip was over the road
quilt by the Russians and remodelled
10y the Japanese. 1t is 1,18O miles
hong and goes north to Harbin where
it connects with the Trans-Siberian
system, taking passengers from Dal-
Dey to London in sixteen days. THIS
road came to Japan at the close OF
its war with Russia. 1t is now fin
anced and operated by the Japanese,
and is q, living evidence of their abll-
ty as practical railway managers. It's
tracks have been entirely relald, ana
that with American steel. New bridges
have been put up, using materials or
dered from the United States, and the
3 IOllll1S SlOth l. I11o0t1y 11IS q AAAS
express trains have Pullman cars,
lighted by electricity, and the travel
is as comfortable as anywhere IN the
world. The road is Well financlered.
The gross receipts last year were
about $500, 900, and it's net earnings
were Is per cent. on the common
stock. The chief officers of the road
are Japanese, but the present policy
is to use Chinese for all subordinate
positions. It is found that they are
cheaper and more experienced. They
speak the language OF the country AND
do better in handling the traffic.
The New Road to Kirin.
A branch Of this M~anchurian rail
Us to Kirin, which lies north Of Muk-
1en, eighty or one hundred miles tc
the eastward. Kiran has 100000
population. 1t is surrounded by a rich
agricultural country and Is a great
lumber center. The new road has beer
financed by a combination OF Japa'
aese and Chinese capitalists, and ia,
pan is lending most of the money
THE civil engineers are taken from
both nations, but the road will be
Chinese.
In addition to this line preparation:
hre making for constructing a stand
hrd-gauge road to Antung, on The
borders Of Korea, and there connect
Eng with the Korean railway system
There is already a two-foot rack run
hing over this route. This will b.
torn up and where the new road linz
lis laid the T~rans-Siberian trains will
be shifted to it and viii go directly t,
Antung. There they will be ferries
over the river, then go down tn
roads already built, through Korea t
Fusan, within a nights ride of Japan
This viii bring Tok into rIailroat
communication with Europe.
From Mukden to Picking.
I stopped some time at Mukden, ar
thence went by express to Shanhaik
wan. flemish and Picking. The depo
ABILITIES at Mukden are indeScribabl'
tad. There are no arrangements 70