Gilpin observer., 1910-01-13

commerce does not require the services
of all the judges to reassisn the judges
designated to that court to the circuits
to which they respectively belong; and 1t
should also provide for payment to
such Judges while sitting by assignment
In the court of commerce of such addi-
uonal amount as Is necessary to bring
their annuol compensation up to $4,000.
Only Second to Supreme Court.
The regular sessions OF such court
should be held at the capitol, but 1t
should be empowered to hold sessions in
different parts of the United States II
found desirable: and its orders and judg
ments should be made final. subject only
to review by the supreme court of the
United States. with the provision that
the operation of the decree appealed
from shall not be stayed unless the su
preme court shall so order. The com
merce court should be empowered In its
discretion to restrain suspend the op
Grafton of an order OF the interstate COM
merce commission under review pending
the final hearing and determination of
the proceeding, but no such restraining
order should be made except upon no.
tfce and after hearing, unless in cases
where irreparable damage would other
wise ensue to the petitioner Judge
of that court might be empowered to al
low stay of the commissions order for
period of not more than 60 days. but
pending application to the court of Its
order shall contain a specific finding
based upon evidence submitted to the
Judge making the order and identified by
reference thereto that such irreparable
damage would result to the petitioner.
specifying the nature OF the damage.
Under the existing law, the interstate
commerce commission itself initiates and
defends litigation in the courts for the
enforcement. or in the defense of Its or
ders and DEGREES, and for this purpose 1t
1ts..y, .hA hi Ia nh tfAcf n
the control of the attorney general. act
upon the initiative and under the instruc-
tions of the commission. This blending
of administrative, legislative and Judi
cal functions tends. in my opinion. to
impair the efficiency OF the commission
by clothing It with partisan characteris-
tics and robbing 1t OF the impartial judi
cial attitude IL should occupy In pass
ing upon questions submitted to II. In
my opinion all litigation affecting the
government should be under the direct
control of the department OF justice; and
therefore recommend that all proceed
ings affecting orders and DEGREES of the
Interstate commerce commission be
brought by against the United States
go nomine. and be placed in charge of an
assistant attorney ey-general acting under
the direction of the attorney general.
l. Would Permit Agreements.
In view of the complete control over
rate making. and other practices OF In
terstate carriers established by the acts
of congress, and recommended in this
communication. 1 see no reason why
agreemnts between carriers subject to
the act, specifying the classifications OF
freight and the rates. fares and charges
for transportation of passengers and
freight which they may agree to estab-
lish should not be permitted. provided.
copies of such agreemnts be promptly
filed with the commission. but subject to
all the provisions of the interstate com
merce act, and subject to the right of
any parties TO such agreemnt to cancel it
as to all or any of the agreed rates.
fares. charges. or classifcations by 30
days notice in writing to the other par
ties and to the commission.
Under the existing law the commits
sion can only act with respect to an al
legged excessive rate or unduly dscrimin-
atory practice by a carrier on a COM
plant made by some individual affected
thereby. I see no reason why the com
mission should not be authorized to act
on it's own initiative as well as upon the
complaince of an individual in investigat-
ing the fairness of any existing rate or
practice: and l recommend the amend
ment of the law to SO provide. and also
that the commission shall be fully en-
powered, beyond any question, to pass
anon the classhcations of commodities
for purpose of fixing rates. in like man
ner as It may now do with respect to the
maximum rate applicable to any trans
portation.
Existing Law Poweriess.
Under the existing law the commission
may not investigate an Increase in rates
until after II shall become effective: and
although one or more carriers may file
with the commission "A proposed Increase
In rates or change In classincations. or
other alteration Of the existing rates
classiflcations. to become effective ut the
expiration of 30 days from such filing. no
varA iVsr ha talr t...s sa.,.,.
the reasonableness of such proposed
change until after It becomes operative.
On the other hand. II the commission
shall make an order finding that an ex-
listing rate Is excessive, and directing It
to be reduced. the carrier affected may
by proceedings in the courts. stay the
operation OF such order OF reduction for
months. and even years. 1t has, there
fore. been suggested that the commits
sion should be empowered whenever n
proposed Increase In rates Is filed, at
once to enter upon nn investigation OF
the reasonablcncss of the increase, and
to make an order postponlng the cffec-
tive date OF such Increase until after
such investigation shall be completed. To
this much objection has been made on
this would be In effect to take from the
owners of the railroads the management
OF their properties and to clothc the In
tcrstate commerce commission with tho
original rate-making power--a policy
which was much discussed ut the time
of the passage OF the Hepburn act In
1866. and which was then and has al
ways been distinctly rejected: and in re-
ply to the suggestion that they are able,
by resorting to tho courts. to stay tho
taking effect OF the order OF the commits
sion until Its easonablencss shall have
been Investigated by the courts. where
as. the people are deprived OF any such
remedy with respect to action by tho
carriers. they point to the provisions OF
the Interstate commerce net providing for
restitution to the shippers by carriers. Of
excessive rates charged In cases where