El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-10-31

I United States, at the same time calling
upon the people of the other states to
J overthrow the political oligarchy at
Washington to dethrOne King Caucus"
and to insist upon the popular cleo
ton of presidential electors.
Calhoun withdrew from the presiden-
| tial race and became candidate for
! vice president An attempt was made
| to convene a Democratic nominating
! caucus, but only Sc of the 261 members
of congress attended the meeting.
which solemnly declared William H.
! Crawford of Georgia to be the regular
| Dem cratic-Republican nominee for
president of the United States The
older generation of Democrats. includ-
| ing Jefferson the founder of the party.
| and Madison and Monroe, were "regu-
lar" and supported Crawford. In IS
! states the electors chosen by the people
! states the electors were chosen by the
J people, and in six by the legislatures.
| Jackson received a large plurality of
! the popular vote, and also a plurality,
! but not majority Of the electoral
vote The election for president went
| to the house of representatives. Hen
! ry Clay was speaker of the house, but
! as he was the fourth candidate in the
| electoral college, his name under the
| constitution could not be considered.
The vote was cast by states, the Clay
men voting for Adams. and Adams was
elected, receiving the vote of 10 states
against seven for Jackson and four for
| Crawford. Calhoun was elected vice
president
| Clay was at once appointed secretary
! of state in the new cabinet, and the
! Jackson men charged that Clay had
/ given his strength to Adams in consid-
! grafton of a promise to be appointed
to the premiership. This was denounc-
ed as corrupt bargain" and justly
| or unjustly, was made a major polit-
zeal issue The majority of the mem
! bers Of the house elected in 1924 were
/ inclined TO support the administration
as Adams had declined to use the ap-
| pointing power. and had continued the
! offices of the Monroe administration in
| power
| But the people were not content
| They felt that the political aristocrats
at Washington had conspired to defeat
for the presidency the man who was
evidently the choice Of a great plural
/ ity Of the people.
a veritabIe Revolution.
The congressional campaign of 1926
was a veritable revolution. The old
style statesmen were retired and rem
resentatives Of the plain people" were
selected to succeed them When the
elections were over ii was found that
the house was composed of 12S anti
ADAMS men TO IS Adams men. Prac-
tically all Of them claimed to be
democrats, but this revolution was to
divide that party and usher in the new
wing party But the political effect of
the revolution was tremendous Every
legislature in the union but one was
forced to provide for the popular cleo
ton Of presidential electors. and from
TONS in theory at least, have had their
source IN the people That the same
revolution established the modern
spoils system and made possible the
modern political boss does not detract
, from its glory in view Of the fact that
Its engineers were plotting TO destroy
a present evil, not knowing what the
future might bring forth
New Party Alignment.
The general movement for greater
popular participation in government
government which began at the close Of
the war OF 1912, and which won its
first national election in 1926, gained
complete control of the federal govern
ment In 1928 In that year Andrew
Jackson and John C. Calhoun were the
! Democratic Republican candidates roI
president against John Quincy Adams
and Richard Rush, nominees Of the Ma
tional Republicans.
During the Adams administration all
of the political leaders in the country
claimed TO be loyal members and true
representatives of the historic DEM
ocratic-Republican party. In the first
, half Of that administration the parties
in congress were usually designated as
Adams and anti-Adams As the cam
pafgn of 1928 approached, the OPPOSE
ton to the administration conferred up
on the support of Jackson and became
known as Jackson men. The Adams
men, unwilling to limit their allegiance
to one man, assumed the name National
Republicans. The Jackson men then
claimed sole title to the old party
name Of neutrality-suspicious. The
word Republican appearing in the title
of both parties gave rise to confusion
and the Jackson men dropped it and re-
tanned only the title Democratic, which
still endures. The old FederaIist ele-
ment flocked to the support Of the Ad-
ams-Clay faction, but to them the word
Republican was offensive
Therefore, it happened that while the
opposition To Jackson was formally
known as the National Republican par
ty, in practice its members were called
Wings and after few years the party
officially adopted the old English ap-
pellation. In the campaign of 1928 the
Democrats and Wings faced each other
in a square fight. and for the first time
in the history of the country there was
general national political campaign.
Foreign Policy Involved
The principal issues which had divid-
ed the old Federalist and Republican
parties hinged upon questions Of for
eign policy. The republic had severed
it's political connection with Europe, but
its internal commerce was not self
supporting and 1t was compelled to
lean upon foreign trade for existence
The first sharp division resulted from
the Jay treaty with England, and from
that time until the war of 1912 foreign
commerce and foreign policies deter