davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-08-06
Dry Farming AS Crop Insurance
By Prof Iddng Field Commissioner Dry Farming Congress

of rainfall throughout the YER are
features that must be considered.
Peculiar Problems.
The southwest has some peculiar
problems A great deal of rain comes
in the summer and fall. 4 light rainfall
on the burning prairies is quickly heat
ed and rapidly dissipated. A heavy
rain is largely lost in runoff. Natural
soil moisture is rapidly diminished by
heavy evaporation. estimated at from
20 to so inches a year, from the ex-
posed surface OF a tank. Light rain
and snowfall in winter make the winter
grains ordinarily unsuccessful and make
impossible the staple crop of the dry
farmer, winter wheat The spring winds
drift the dust mulch and make blow
ing the problem of the southwest
The writer made an extensive trip
through the southwest last August and
found many interesting conditions. One
farmer, near Melrose, n NJ, had a field
of alfalfa nicely started. He was a man
of slender means but of considerable re-
sourcefulness. He had no grass seeder
and to get the alfalfa seed evenly dis
trfbuted he shook it from the perforated
lids of large baking powder cans held
in either hand while riding the disc.
\ younger brother walked behind and
drove the team.
Arizona Work.
In the SULPHUR Springs valley, near
Douglas, Ariz- excessive evaporation
ana great range N daily maximum ana
minimum temperatures have been eli
matte factory in plant growth. Excess
sive heat by day and then sudden change
to cold nights was very unfaYorable to
plant growth. Record kept at the COP
per Queen smelteF- at Doug las show that
the average net decrease in extremes of
temperature in that valley within the
last Is years has been II degrees This
is probably due TO greater growth and
extent of vegetation and to the pail
Of smoke thrown over the valley by
the huge shelters. The normal precip-
itation at Douglas is 1921 inches.
In Texas, the cattle king with his
domain of from 100 to ECO sections of
land, is rapidly giving way to the set
tier. The Texas cattle industry has de-
pended on long time leases from the
state. AS rapidly as the leases expire
the lands are offered for sale to SEAL
ed bidders. In former years no one
bid for the land, and the cattleman re-
leased for another long term of years.
The cost was from SIS 20 $50 4 section
annually Within the last four years
these lands have been purchased by an
incoming rush of settlers and specula-
tors as soon as the leases have exx-
pired. AS a result the kingdom of cat
tie is a thing of the past in western
Texas, the former paradise for the kings
Of this great industry.
There are yet many holders of from
80 to 40 sections, but these can claim
no dignity. In the vernacular of the
Lone Star state such holders are only
'squatters' and do not at all fit in with
the old ideas concerning this land of
wonderful mirages, magnificent dis
tances and bigness of things in general.
This region as a dry farming belt ex-
tends from Ell Paso, on the RIO Grande,
eastward almost to San Antonio. The
rainfall at FL Paso is from eight to 10
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-08-06

Dry farming is crop insurance in dis
tricts where the annual precipitation
ranges from eight to 20 inches, pro-
vided certain principles and methods
are followed. There is nothing mystic
rious about the art, nor does even the
most enthusiastic dry farmer claim TO
be able to raise crops without moist
ure. Dry farming at its best is moist
ure conservation, which is brought
about by blowing, smoothing, packing,
cultivating and cropping to insure the
reception and preservation Of the larg-
est possible amount of natural rainfall,
In plowed land on the prairies, where
the surface is made fine for mulch,
moisture rapidly penetrates and per-
meates the soil and within few
months can be found continuous to a
depth of from so to so inches, while on
contiguous sod ii is rare thst ftEe
inches Of moisture can be feuFG IN the
summer months The se-cslle2 Mis-
souri, test" will satisfy the most skep
teal.
The land must be plowed to suffi-
Gent depth to offer body of loose soil
for the reception of rainfall. Newly
plowed land should be packed or made
reasonably firm to prevent drying out
by air and wind. The dust mulch,
kept from one to six inches deep, de-
pending on soil and climatic condi-
tions, is an important feature. 1t acts
as a blanket 70 preserve the moisture
below and is Essential in any dry farm
ing region. Not only does the practi-
cal farmer recognize the value of the
mulch, but also scientists have handI-
ed huge tanks of soils, arranged with
windlasses. to enable daily weighings.
Some of the soil tanks are cultivated,
others are left to form crust on the
rba inv r-fa Ia Of
these experiments show that the saving
Of moisture depends wholly on the
depth and fineness Of the dust blanket
maintained over the lower soil layers.
Seed Essential
One of the essentials of handling land
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-08-06

wasted may treble or QuadruDle that
area, but even then three-fourths or the
fertile plains Of the west will be OUT
side of the bounds Of possible frri-
cation. Both systems aim at conser-
walton of water for growing crops.
The dry farmer. however, must do
with less water and must be less waste
full than the irrigatiOnlst. As each be-
comes more proficient n his art the two
systems are made to approach more
nearly together In northern Colorado,
the early farmers never tnoYgnt' of
attempting TO grow winter wneat with
out three or four irrigations. Cow they
use but one irrigation and occasionally
mature the crop with natural rainfall
Experts are continually cautioning tn
farmers under irrigation systems 20 use
less water and use it more carefully
and wisely.
The skillful dry farmer is learning
year by year little details of manage
ment that mean greater efficiency and
he allows lower percentage of waste
OF the moisture given him by nature.
Time will bring such value to irri-
eating waters that the farmer will
need to exercise greater economy to
grow crops prOfitably. 1t is no idle
prediction that in coming years the
moisture conserving methods of the
VI AoA AACA VIII p0 uSSQ III many lrrl-
cation districts where irrigation Is now
held Is all-sufficient- Likewise the dry
farmer by use of windmill or gasoline
engine will often be able TO pump
from wells or stream beds and irrigate
lawns. gardens and small fields There
need not exist any other relation except
the closest and most intime.e between
irrigation and dry farming.
Dicournging Factors.
1t is useless to deny that there are
discouraging factors in this great move
ment of which we speak. A certain
amount Of legitimate advertising is de-
sirable and necessary but it is an I'M
wise economic policy for a new COM
munity TO divert so much of its energy
from blowing and narrowing and con-
sumo 1t In angling for the patronage
OF the land-hungry newcomer.
The optimism of some of the new
settlers of the dry lands in the west
is almost pitiful The writer was an
preached last fall by a former music
teacher of Boston, living on so acres
Mexico. This settler wanted advice as
TO whether 500 a month net returns
could be expected from his land the
coming year. Some new communities
need TO have a few feathers piucked
from the wings of their Imagination ana
placed in the tail or good Judgment
IN many districts there is too much
horse back farming and too much ex-
pectation from the expenditure OF
little labor.
Everywhere there are complicated
problems Of soils and sub soils, Of crop
adaptation, of blowing, cultivation and
handling OF crops, and nowhere has the
Importance and need of livestock in
the dry farming program been fully
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-08-06

tralia Turkey, Persia and Austro-
Hungary have hundreds of millions of
acres more. Some authorities estimate
the available acreage for scientific con-
servation of soil moisture at 100000
oOO Nearly all of these countries are
fast awakening te the possibilities OF
the dry farming movement In provld-
ing homes for increasing populations
and for the use of these lands as a
means OF increasing agricultural wealth
and of producing bread for the coming
generations.
The Dry Farming congress is one or
the newest of old movements. Moist
ure conservatism was practiSed by the
growers Of grapes and olives OF north
ern Africa in the days OF old Car
thage; the Navajos grew beans and corn
in the southwest by dry farming meth
DDS probably before the discovery OF
America; the MeXicans and Papago
indians of Sonora in Old Mexico were
growing crops by carefully saving the
natural rainfall for them, when the
American nation was yet a struggling
infant. Neither is dry farming new
process in the northwest. Enormous
crops have been produced in Washing
ton and California by its USE In some
districts these methods have been IN
vogue for 40 years
FOrty-seVen Years at LIZ.
Bishop George Farrell, or Cache
county. Utah, has practised dry farm-
ing AZ years. He learned a valuable
point by accident He sOwed 90 acres
of land to wheat at the rate of bushel
and a peck to the acre ana hao onos
four bushels left 10 SOW the eight acres
remaining in the field. He seeded these
with the four bushels. When narFest
time came Bishop Farrell reaped IL
bushels an acre from the go acres ana
81 bushels each from the eight acres.
He ascribes much of his many years OF
success to the discovery OF the value
of thin seeding.
ANY system OF method of doing things,
however, needs to be made known SO
that it may be of benefit TO the great
est number. The first publlcist OF the
dry farming movement and one VINO
has done incalculable good dn aiding
the development of western agrlcui-
ture is H W. Campbell, of Lincoln
Neb. Prof Campbell discovered the
value of a firm soil for the saving OF
moisture and has made special study
of packing, also inventinS special tooI
for firming the under soil layers. he
also did d large share of the work IN
promulgating the ideas as to proper
blowing, cultivating and preparation
and preservation of soil moisture He
succeeded in interesting the railroads
in his ideas and was the first lecturer
on dry farming methods.
The Two Big Movements.
Irrigation and dry farming are the
two big agricultural movements or our
generation. Both are necessary; each
is supplementary to the other. 1t is
estimated that the present irrigated
area is 10000 900 acres. Economy OF
water and utilization of water now
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-08-06

in regions of limited rainfall is seed,
plant and crop selection Plants grown
in humid lands or under irrigation are
not adapted to and cannot succeed under
dry farming. 1t is possible, of course,
to slowly acclimate such plants TO the
semi-arid conditions, but meanwhile
the crops are small and improbable.
Not only the various state and federal
experimental stations, but private in
dividuals, are taking up the work Of
adapting, by breeding and selection,
grains, grasses and forage crops to the
use of the dry farmer
The same methods do not succeed
equally we'll in the various parts of the
dry farming belt. The system that will
bring heavy returns to the wheat farm
ers of the Palouse country in eastern
Washington, would probably need to be
much revised for New Mexico or Ari-
zona. In some districts Of the semi
arid belt profitable crops can be assured
practically every year by using the es-
sentials of the dry farming system.
In other regions biennial cropping is
necessary. The rain Of one year must
be stored and saved by summer Guilt
Walton and this added to the next
years precipitation to grow a profit
able crop The latter plan has proved
successful in the Big Bend wheat dis
trict and other parts of Washington and
in some of the grain belts OF Oregon
and California
Dry Farming Limits
To set the limits that make it nee
essary to substitute dry farming for
the methods of the rain belt, and to set
those that call the halt on any kind of
culture and make way for the cattle
man and sheepmen is difficult. Many
factors enter into the problem for the
practice Of the dry farming system.
A retentive soil underlaid with tight
sub-soH is far more favorable to crop
production than either sandy surface
or sandy sub-soil. Amount Of sunshine,
wind velocity, average temperatures,
amount of evaporation and distribution
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-08-06
An Experts Opinion Of Skin
Diseases

A prominent, national expert on skin
diseases whose name you are familiar
with says that in all his scientific ex-
perience he has never found so hard a
disease to conquer as Eczema Yet he
does not hesitate to recommend ZEMO
as a most successful remedy for the
treatment of Eczema, itching skin dis
eases, dandruff. pimples, bIackheads
and all other diseases of the skin and
scalp. He says that not only do its
curative qualities make it popular but
also the fact that it is a clean. LIQUID
remedy for external use. A great i'm
provement over the old style greasy
salves and lotions which are not only
unpleasant to use but do not destroy
the germ life that causes the disease.
ZEMO draws the germs to the surface
and destroys them. leaving the skin
clear and healthy. Can be used freely
on infants MIR. KnO5Iauch will gladly
SUPPLY those who call with free sample
bottle OF ELMO and a booklet which
explains in simple language ali about
skin diseases and how to cure yourself
at home with ZEMO
Knoblauch Drug Co
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-08-06

appreciated But these conditions are
far from hopeless The impractical and
overhOpeful clerk-farmer will return to
the quiet east, where he properly be-
longs, and the over-zea lous promoter
Will pass on TO the other fields Of
exploitation Everywhere the rain
gage will be applied and give the
farmer measure Of available moisture
for growing and maturing crops
Pluck, Science and Genius.
The pluck and science and the genius
OF man will in time Lring to practical
solution the problems Of the Semi-arid
areas, and the dormant responsibilities
viii respond many fold TO the touch OF
his genius guiding hand
Officers of the congress are glad 70
be able to announce that the years
returns thus far received have not
only sustained all the contentious Of
dry farming experts but has also greatly
strengthened the dry farming move
ment- From all points Of the compass
and from widely separated dry farm
ing districts comes the same story.
The careless farmers are losing their
crops as their lands have not been pre-
pared TO retain moisture and withstand
drouth- On the other hand, the prac-
teal dry farmer will have profitable
returns in many cases and in no in
stance so far reported will the real
dry farmer be unable TO gather suffi-
cient harvest to support his family and
keep his livestock over winter.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-08-06

HGa7s your
Uld clothes
ivened up and
Ilade to look new.
livery one should be
Spotlsss.
considering the fact that
looks count for
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-08-06

ADDITIONAL DRY FARM
ING NEWS ON NEXT. PAGE
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-08-06
Worlds Semi-Arid Lands.

AMERICA, however, offers only a COM
paratively small portion of the worlds
semi-arid lands. Canada, Mexico, the
Argentine, Brazil, South Africa. Aus
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-08-06
The Two Big Movements.

Irrigation and dry farming are the
two big agricultural movements OF our
generation. Both are necessary; each
is supplementary to the other. It is
estimated that the present irrigated
area is $4,000, 600 acres Economy of
water and utilization of water now
The new era., 1910-12-01
Walden Chatter

The good weather continues
The Roundup boys were in town last
night.
Mr., Law and Hugh Dow went to
Rand yesterday.
Arthur Allard and Miss oda Duncan
were in town Tuesday.
Tho whoae Park wss we'll represented
at the Thanksgiving dance.
A finer fall has seldom been seen in
North Park than the one we have had
this year.
VIM. Kerr has gone back to his old
home in Nova Scotia for visit of
month or SO.
Marshall Bulls and George Winter
burn Jr. are enclosing the boiler at the
water tank this week.
Emerson Rogers and Arthur Siebert
went to Laramie in Emersons auto Sun
day, returning Monday.
Fred Donelson and Bent Rulings were
among those from Rand who took in
the Thanksgiving Ball at Walden.
Leslie Fox was over from Hebron,
whererhe is working on the new bridge
near Eli Petersons, Tuesday night, re-
turning yesterday morning with Emer
son and Albert Rogers
The new era., 1910-12-01
THINK PLAINS LINE WILL
GO WEST AHEAD OF
MOFFAT.

Last Sunday the Moffat road pile dri-
yer was removed from Brooklyn to the
lower end of the railroad. This appears
as though the road is getting ready to
extend the line westward. However it
may only be bluff in order to cheer
the Hayden people up in order to start
another boom for West Hayden. About
ten days ago, Mr.. Metcalf, right-of-way
man for the Moffat, made trip to the
lower conutry to secure few signatures
from farmers in the Hayden valley
granting right-of-way to the Moffat
road This coming just at the opening
of lhe winter season when no railroad
work can he done. is the biggest bluff of
all. We are still banking on the Lara
ME. Hahu's Peak and Pacific beating
the hlotfat roa to the lower country.
Steamboat Sentinel
The new era., 1910-12-01
COLORADO. DECEMBER 1. 1910
Echoes from Haworth

John and Ora Haworth are among the
new pupils at Higho.
Quite a number of Westsiders attend
ed the Thanksgiving dance at Walden.
Mrs. Wyatt and Miss Dawson, the
Higho school teacher, were up in the
hills Saturday.
Mrs. l. Fliniau is in the Park spend
ing few weeks with her son Chas.
Fliniau and family.
c. G. Fliniau brought in about 500
head of cattle from Evanston. Wyoming
that he will feed this winter.
Mrs. Chas. Bergquist and son Walter
have gone to Laramie, to spend few
days with Miss Gladys, who is attending
school there.
A nice Thanksgiving program was
given bo the Higho school last Wednes-
day. Lunch was served and all report
ed good time.
Oscar Anderson is the proud father of
little girl Wonder how it sounded
when he gut his head in the bari Ell to
say papa. Mother and babe are doing
nicely.
The new era., 1910-12-01
NOTICEl
TO RANCHMEN
OF NORTH PARK

Now is the best time to have your
harness Repaired. Cleaned and Oiled.
Your harness will look much better and
last longer if cleaned and oiled at least
once year. By having your harness
cleaned and oiled, you will save many
times its cost in harness and harness
repairing.
am prepared to do all kinds Of re-
pairing, cleaning oiling. When Ia town
call and see me and get prices.
j. EN- G B RG
The new era., 1910-12-01
Teachers Examination

Notice is hereby given to the teachers
of jackson County, Colorado. and all
others who are interested, that the reg
ular Teachers Examination of said
county will be held at the Court House
in Walden, on Thursday and Friday,
December Is, and 10Th, A. D., 1910, be-
ginning at nine o'clock.
Examination for those who are candi-
dates for admission to the bar will be
held at the same time and place, as the
law provides.
Dated November Goth, A. u. 1910.
EVA DAWSON.
Sup't of Schools of jackson County.
Colorado
The new era., 1910-12-01
LEAVE ON ACCOUNT
OF POOR HEALTH

Mr.. and Mrs. Will Welch of Rand
have left for the outside on account of
Mrs. Welches health which is very poor
in the Park. John Jurgensen has taken
over the management of the store and
other interests Of Mr.. Welch's. Mr.
Jurgensen took care Of the store during
the absence of Mr. WEIGH last winter,
and understands the business thoroughly
and win be cure to make a success Of it,
The new era., 1910-12-01
Notice

Notice is hereby given that | will
pay upon presentation, Bond No. |
of $500 issued by Dist. No. | form
erly Dist. No. As, payment to be
made at the office of and in the
presence of the County Treasurer
of Jackson County, according to
law.
Interest on Bond to cease Dec.
|, 1910.
Dated Walden. Colo, Nov. 9, 1910
Signed
H. c. Riddle,
Treasurer Dist. No. |.
The new era., 1910-12-01
New Floor and Lights
For I. o. O. F. Hall

A motion was put through the Odd
Fellows Lodge of Walden at their last
meeting, for new floor and gasoline
lights for their hall. The work will be
begun at once, and it is the intentions
of those in charge of the new improve
ments to have them completed in time
for the Christmas Ball.
The new era., 1910-12-01

At the regular meeting of the Board
Of County Commissioners held at the
county Offices in Walden, Colo, on the
Int day of August 1910, there being
present ]. E. Mallon, H. E. Hunter and
Owen g. Case, the following proceedings
were had:
: John Bulls was appointed Constable
for Walden Precinct
It was decided to undertake immedi
ately the building of steel and wood
across the Grizzly Creek near Eli Peter
sons ranch
The new era., 1910-12-01
THANKSGIVING BALL

The Thanksgiving ball at Walden last
Thursday night, as usual. was great
success. A large crowd was present
and a nice time was enjoyed by all from
o'clock in the evening till 4: 80 the
next morning. The music was furnish
ed by Vincent Jansky. Miss Mamie Leek
and Mrs. Chas. Emigh. An elegant
supper was served at Mrs. Posts.
The new era., 1910-12-01

w Wanted--Everyone in Walden
and vicinity to read the opening
chapters of the new serial by Rob-
ert w. Chambers in the November
number of COSMOPOLITAN MAGAZINE.
1t is the greatest novel of the year
and is illustrated by Charles Dana
Gibson.
The new era., 1910-12-01
WANTED

have out side buyers for lands and
ranches of all sizes. If your ranch is
for sale, communicate with me at once
I sell on reasonable commission, and
do the business. If you really want to
sell write me at once.
ROBERT G. TAYLOR,
P. o. Box 491,
Cheyenne. Wyo.
The new era., 1910-12-01
CO unity
Proceedings
Minutes of Regular Meetig Of Tho
Board of County Commissioners
OF jackson Counth Aug. I, 1910.

The County Clerks report for the
month of July was accepted and approx
ed.
Reports of other county officers were
laid on the table until the next meeting
The Auditing Committees report was
received and filed
A G. Maine was appointed health
officer for Jackson Comfy.
The following bills we're allowed and
warrants drawn for same:
The new era., 1910-12-01
CHILDREN ENTERTAIN
ON SUNDAY EVENING

The Walden SUNDAY School children
entertained quite II crowd at the church
Sunday. very interesting temperance
program was rendered aud all did jus.
tice to their parts. Recitations. songs
ID exercises comprised the program.