Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1910-01-06

provided in every grade Of road work
ard in every unit of the administrative
organization. The basis of the sys-
TEN is the school Of roads and bridges.
one Of the finest technical schools In
the word. maintained at the expense
| of the national government. In this
! school are trained the highway en-
gineers to whom are intrusted the
building and maintenance of the roads
| Of France.
| At the head of the administrative Or
"anization Is an Inspector general Of
| bridges and highways. under whom
| are chief engineers in charge of the
road work Of single departments and
communcs. Single ACCOMPLISHMENTS are
| under the direction of ordinary en-
-ineers' ard undercnGineers, the latter
| being equivalent in rank TO norcom-
! 'ni;Sioned officers in the army. The
subdivisions are under tire direction of
! principal conductors and ordinary con-
! .urtors. Next in line come the fore
| men of construction gangs. the clerks
employed at headquarters and finally
the cantunniers. or patrolmen. each hav-
| inc from four to seven kiometerS of
| highway under his immediate Supervi-
Sicl.
Probably the most Important unit In
, this great army Of workers is the cail-
tonnlpr. or patroln,an, who has charge
of Il single section of the road. lie
keeps the bitches open, carefully nils
| holes and ruts with broken stone. re-
moves dust and deposits of sand and
earth after heavy rains. trims the
trees and bushes. and when ordinary
work Is Impossible he breaks stone
and transports it to points where it is
likely to be needed. He brings all
matters requiring attention to the no.
tice of his chief.
There are at the present time 49,
$50 miles of road in England. for
which the annual expenditure for the
year 1909 to 1906 amounted to SIS
050.O00. 1t Is therefore evident that
| the annual expenditure. yer mile of
road amounts to about $500. In view
|
roads of England have already been
| constructed. this large annual eXpendi
| tUrc WOu!t appear To he devoted in n
large measure to maintenance. II
would seem that Il system which re-
| quireS IN annual outlay of 500 pei
| mile for the entire mileage must be in
effective and costly. The explanation
| nf in fuc
that in England the maintenance OF
the public highways devolves entirely
on local authorities, these numbering
about 1900.
AS to skilled supervision it may be
said that no qualifications are required
by law to be possessed by the men il
charge of road building and mainte
nance, but it is the general practice il
the important districts to appoint eX
perienced highway engineers for this
work.
Germany is federation of states
and it follows that road administra
ton is conducted separately by eacl
state of the empire. The imperial gov
| ciHiIltHt eAtitiSeS NciS NIUE Coitio
over the highways and does not in any
way contribute to the expense of theil
| construction and maintenance.
a striking feature of the Saxon roaf
system is the practice of planting fruit
trees along the rohds.
Each canton has at the head of its
road system an engineer with capable
assistants. The engineers and theil
assistants must have an academic edu
cation and possess a diploma from tn,
POLYTECHNIC institute, while the roa(
masters are required to have a gooC
technical educational. w. Page il
Good Roads Magazine.