davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
"He Looks Like abe Lincoln.

Baltimore Sun: Joe Cannon looks
and acts more like Abe Lincoln than
any man / ever knew" says Andrew
Carnegie. Which is quite surprise
to those who regard Lincoln as the
greatest friend the common people, the
consumers, ever had Joe Cannon has
stood like a watchdog at the door OF
the United States treasury" says Mr..
Carnegie. Which Is also news to the
taxpayers, who have seen continual
raid on the treasury all during Mr..
Cannon's term Of Office until congress
appropriates over a billion dollars a
year.
He looks like Abe Lincoln"-that
has been Mr.. Cannon's stock in trade
for years. He has walked like Lincoln.
talked Lincoln. smoked and chewed
Lincoln. for forty years. But in the
end he Is just about as much like the
real Lincoln in character and public
service as Senator Aldrich Is like Dam
lei Webster Mr.. Carnegie is a great
authority on armour Ilate. but what
he doesn't know about Cannon would
fill all the books in one OF his libraries.
Mr.. Cannon may look like Lincoln,
but IL Mr.. Lincoln were alive he would
take good care not to look like Cam
non.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
FOR sALE-coTTAGE.

FOR SALE-Seven room cottage, all
modern. south side, near car line
62S. Forum
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
BUY OR TRADE
STORE FOR RENT,
CONTRACTORS.
THE FIRST MATHEMATICS.
Use of Tally Marks-NumeraIs Invert-
ed or Inclined.

Use of Tally Marks-NumeraIs Invert-
ed or Inclined.
Chicago Tribune: The cradle of
mathematics is In the tally marks of
the savages, believes Major Charles f.
Woodruff, the anthropologist and mill
tary sanitarian. The natural way Of
recording numbers is by tally marks.
and it is the universal custom of man
Kind, at least of all intelligent enough
to count.
Historians Of mathematics use the
term tally marks to refer to the notch
ed sticks, but 1t is here meant to refer
to any simple markes or scores. Tally
marks must be so distinctive that they
can be read no matter how the coin or
stick Is held, vertically, horizontally, or
inverted.
The modern s or would have been
useless, since they would have been
undistinguishable unless the top was
known. Therefore, we find many in
stances In which the numerals have
been inverted or inclined at various
angles, as 1t was Of no practical i'm
portance at first whether they were up
side down or not.
Our Q, as well as the 4, s, 6, or 7, ali
have been inverted and reversed at
times. There may also have been re-
versals of the forms due to the fact
that the people from whom the Arabs
obtained the numerals probably wrote
from left to right, while the Arabs
wrote from right to left and the Euro
peans from left to right.
In addition to this one, Sanskrit Lam
guage was written from right to left
and another left to right. When forms
Of numerals are evidently tally marks
the ancient tribes probably would not
stick to any particular arrangement,
but form new ones, provided they indi-
Gated numbers. This is the most rea-
sonable explanation Of the evident tally
mark nature Of the numerals.
Ten is a 9 with an extra stroke, and
the IS are Is with an extra stroke. The
4, 5 and also clearly are derived from
groups OF marks. In course OF time by
slurring, omission of strokes, and
adding embellishtng fiourishes, the
manuscript forms arose. In the there
is perfect graduation of evolutionary
forms TO our present 7.
In the the resemblance is seen by
making an assumption. In the there
is more evidence of an attempt to write
decisively one of the x forms of the
Chinese. The supremacy Of the Chi
nese is explained by the fact that the
Chinese numerals were the first idea
graphs in the field.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
FARMS FOR SALE.

FOR SALE-An Osakis, Mimi, lake
shore farm, 140 acres; over one half
mile on lake; fine location and the best
OF land; buildings insured for $1,40O;
fifty acres under plow, balance timber
and cut-over land; not over two acres
but can be plowed; price $1,000, mort
gage $4,000. Balance cash; owner must
have money for other business. G. B.
Roddis, Long Prairie, Mimi
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
vIAW SCIENCE OF HEALTH.

ViAVl Science Of health, natural. non
surgical, cloth bound 400 page book
free. Apply by mail 2S Huntington
block. Lecture for women Friday a.
500 p. "A.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
SIDEWALK.
North Dakota Agricultural College,
Fargo. North Dakota.


Sealed bids will be received by the
board of trustees at their office at the
Agricultural college. Fargo, N. D., until
2 O'Clock, p. m, May 10, for the con-
struction of approximately 1000 square
yards of sidewalk, four crossings, and
eight cutters.
All bids must be in stricr accordance
with the plans and specifications and
must be submitted at so much per
square yard.
All bids to be accompanied by a GER
titled check OF 800 payable to w. A.
Yoder, secretary.
Plans and specifications may be seen
at the Office OF the secretary OF the
agricultural college
The board reserves the right to re-
ject any or all bids.
BY order Of the board Of trustees.
w. "A. TODER, Sec.
Per 4. !. M.
(April 90 May 2-4-6-s.)
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
Commander julius A. Pratt Post No.
143, Dept. H., G. A. r.

IFN1 ~~FN' TIT " ~ ~
Mr.. Isaac Cook, Commander of above
Post, Kewanee, H., writes: For
long time was bothered with back
ache and pains across my kidneys.
About two months ago I started taking
Foley Kidney Pills and soon saw they
were doing just as claimed. kept on
taking them and now am free from
backache, and the painful bladder mis-
cry is all gone. 1 like Foley Kidney
Pills so well that have told many of
my friends and comrades about them
and shall recommend them at every
opportunity" H. H. Casselman.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
FOR SALE.
Threahina Outfit

FOR SALE hreshing outht: Adj
vance, 80 separator, nearly new
will pay for itself this fall. p. q.
Tozier. ia broadway.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
POSITIONS wANTED-MALE.

GARDEN blowing. teaming, scraping
and hauling OF all kinds. Phone
e147.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
LOCATION WANTED.

LOCATION WANTED for a newspaper
In a growing and promising town.
Have complete outfit. State particu-
lars in first letter. Address z. ]. Car
len, Havana, N. d.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

MAN WANTED to drive dray. A. 1
Farr.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

WANTED Bakers for big shop, In St
Paul; fare paid. OLSON Employ
ment Co., 312 Front street.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
FOR RENT.
Furnished hooms--Nortnaide.

FOR RENT-Two modern furnished
rooms, 227 Roberts street.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
FOR EXCHANGE.

FiART-PARR blowing and threshins
outfit, complete; snap for someone
e. l.. Bunker. Dawson. ". -.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

POSITION wanted as farm manager
by single man. Address SO care
Forum.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
AUTOMOBILES EoR SALE,

FOR SALE-A four-c cylinder, % H. p,
Richmond runabout; will sell for
cash. Box 3, Russo. N. d.
FOR SALE at bargain, Rambler au-
tomobile, only used eight months;
tires and entire machine in good con-
dition; seats five passengers; cost
S1,500 new. Address IS. care Forum.
FOR SALE-One 1909 model seven
passenger White Steamer auto; COM
plete equipments. Has only been run
$4,000 miles Cost $500. Will sell
for $1,000 No trade will be con-
sidered. Object of sale, going to
Europe. VIM. H Brereton, Monmouth,
Ill.
FOR SALE-S1,S00 and freight will
give you the same value as any $751;
00O car on the market. This will buy
the new 5-passenger Autocar, complete
with top, prestolite tank, extra shoe
and inner tube. ready for the road, no
extras; classy. speedy and will stand
the gait. More Autocars on the streets
of New York and Philadelphia than any
other car on the market. Write or call
for demonstration at the Nicollet ave-
nue. Automobile Co., Northwestern
agents, 1882 Nicollet avenue, Minneap-
oils, MINI.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
FOR RENT sY J. 3. FOLSOM. /.

ONE 6-room house, fine location, SIS,
one 14-room modern brick noEse for
boarding or apartment house; one
S-room house, extra size lot. $40,
one Broom house, modern, except
heat, $40; one 4-room Hat south
side, modern, $40; one 5.rocm nat,
and electric lights, SIS; one S-room
fat, north side, $25; one Broom fiat,
north side, $50; one new Groom house
at 1926 Thirteenth street south, has
basement and four closets; stable for
four horses; very desirable, SIS.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
UNION MEE Strange there's OIL. or

UNION MEE Strange there's OIL. one
union -four mill in North Dakota,
isn't Il? Well that's SO and they make
Pomona -four w. h a u.-ion labc, o1s
every sack. Pomona Is made fror: the
finest wheat in tie world, Is short"
patent makes whittier, sweeter, more
moist bread and more loaves of bread
TO the sack. Drop card to Pomona"
care Forum and learn more about
Pomona
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

WANTED-A girl for general house
work; 712 Ninth street south. Phone
1901.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
LOST.

LOST-On Friday, mink fur collar.
Please return to 208 Eighth street
south and receive reward.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
BOARD AND ROOM OFFERED.

young ladies. steno-
graphers or clerks to pay part beard
and help with light house work in
small home. 1890 Fourth avenue
south.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

COAT maker wanted. NJ. I. Lassor
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
WANTED TO RENr-HousE.

WANTED TO RENT-New, modern
seven room house; no children, good
location. S. e. Guinter, Hotel Pres
colt.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

LOST-A bunch of keys, supposed to
have been dropped between Doyle's
barn and lower Front street, owner not
positive. Leave at Forum office and re-
ceive reward
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
HELP wANTEp--FEMALE.

WANTED - Experienced sewing girl
314 Fourth street north.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

WANTED-Good girl. Mrs. " r
Neal, $40 Ninth street north. Phone
.23S-L
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
ROOMS FOR SALE.

FOR SALE-Fifteen furnished rooms
down town. Address 80, care Forum.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
CITY MEA1 MARkET EoR SALE.

CITY MEAT MARKET FOR SALE
Meat market and trimming room, No.
1 refrigerator, ice house filed and barn
for three horses; granary that will hold
400 bushels of grain, buggy shed and
place to put hides In smoke house;
Two living rooms over shop and four
rooms adjoining shop and hall, very
comfortable and warm. Only shop in
live North Dakota town. Owner has
good reason for selling. Address so,
care Forum.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

FOR SALE-Two- chair barber shop
in the most prosperous town of the
west; the center or three railroads in
the near future. Address II. Chellsen,
Mandan, N. ID.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

FOR SALE, MEAT MARKET, house
and lot; also quarter section OF land
one and one half miles from town. Good
town and surrounding country. A. West,
Hazelton, N. -.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
FLOWING WANTED.

liking nd blowing; we
have a big steam outfit and we do
good work. Bergren & Moan, Lake
Park, MINI. Box 214.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
WANTED TO RENT.
Unfurnished Rooms.
FOR RENT-sUlTE.
WANTED TO RENT.
Furnished House.

WANTED TO RENT-Furnished six
room cottage, by May 20. Address
"a, care Forum.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

FOR SALE-Blacksmith shop, two
lots, two sets Of tools. blacksmith
tools and wagon makers tools, with
iron and wood stalks size of shop, COX
40; shop is new; good location for
everyone; lots of work; want to quit
on account of sickness. Enquire OF A.
d. Wallizer, p. o. Box 113, Edmonds,
N. d.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
BUSINESS CHANCE.

FOR SALE-F'txtures for a restaurant;
good location; 31S Front street
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

GOOD restaurant for sale cheap for
cash; everything complete to go to
work; good location; Will be for sale
two weeks only. Lock Box %, San
born, N. ID.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

Al Forum Want Add will sell IL for you.
Al Forum Want Add VIII sell It for you.
A Forum Want Add VIII sell 1t for you.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

FOR SALE-s6,50O stock general mer-
chandise; will rent building. Net
PROFITS made per year. $1,000. Address
$40, Forum.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

FOR SALE-Half interest in a motion
picture machine and 1000 feet of
film, part cash, Address 979, Forum.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

FOR SALE OR RENT-Long estab-
lished tobacco shop in Fargo by
party wishing TO retire. An opport-
unity to pick up a good business e
taken at once. Jonn InOrne, owner.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

.,Gw SPAPER and job shop, $1,000 of
taken quick; annual business $4,000,
and growing; reasonable cash payment
wanted; will consider proposition to
lease; good reasons for sacrificing at
quick sale. News, Carpio, N d.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

A LARGE STOCK OF new and second
hand pool tables and bar flxtures re-
frigerators, show cases. wire chairs and
tables, etc Easy payments. Send for
catalogues and prices. Merle & Heaney.
52I-523 Third street south. Minneap-
oils. Mimi.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

BEFORE BUYING any business or
property write for our magazine
"OppOrcuntties.' Mailed tree. Dalrym-
pie Co, RaIacs Bldg. Minneapolis.
MINI.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

WANT D--10O pianos to tune. MY
speciality is. Perfect work" that will
remain so. l. w. Parsons Cdr. Of
Parsons orchestra). Phone 1b1e-Ls
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

FOR SALE-Hotel and restaurant,
separate, but in adjoining buildings;
sell either one or both; hotel, 35-room
house doing good business, and res
taurant prosperous; good condition,
and equipment goes with places. En-
quire Of VIM. Suthers, Casselton, N. d.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

WE CAN FURNISH YOU a buyer for
your business or property. Send
description. Dalrympls Co.. Palace
Bldg, MinneE pOILs, Minns
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
FOR RENT-coTTAeEs.

FURNISHED COTTAGE FOR RENT
at Killarney Beach on Pelican lake,
SIS per season; steamer makes two
trips daily to Detroit. Address all COM
municationg to M. C. Barry, Ray, N. ID.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

WANTED-Harness makers; good
wages; steady work. Bristol q
Sweet,
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

WANTED--Man to regularly empty
garbage can at 1sidcnce. TOT Sevensn
street south.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
FOR sALE-LANp.

FOR SALE-South African script,
.$7s5 cash. Address BOX 254, Argus
Vile, N. ID.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

FOR SALE cheap, excellent seven
room all modern cottage, one lock
from car line and three blocks from
schoolhouse and Fargo college, on south
side. Address so, care Forum.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

FOR RENT-Modern room, at 1927
Tenth avenue orth. Phone 2o68-J.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02

FOR RENT-Nicely furnished room in
modern house, EOS Ninth street north.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-05-02
HELP wANTED-MALE.

LAVE Knight Printing Co print Il.
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, N.D.) 1909-1915, 1910-04-01

MIN TO seat.
Indeed, my little goddess!' drawled
the exquisite. What sort of trouble?''
he asked. r,. ~ ,..,.,,,.. /.
'.0h, Charley. have you not heard Of
our terrible misfortune?" she asked.
II, thought the whole city would bab-
BILE it to you before. you saw me. :" she
continued. &c H. -. a., .sS * -
s. II have. heard nothing he returned.
growing anxious. r. r.@. / ,..'a,.:, . a.,
a And so she told him all. never heed,
ing as she talked on with feverish RI
pidity that the: race Vt the man who
had ~plighted to her eternal love aud
consta ncy" was assuming smile OF
lofty and naughty Indifference that
betrayed his truce haracter. I" T.
/ ! 'Anu-so the wedding can't be:''' be
/ observed in "a tones That ,,cul through
+ her heart iike5a thrust of frosty steer,
els that what you want ;lo Suggest
b Miss Stanley! "a Well Sou are auise
right. ~ ost girls under. SUI b 2circu,l,.
stances would have heid poor fellow
to bis contract. But you are as wise
as you are ,unselfsh. and L honor. you
for it, Rory-'pon my soul 4 do =; J, I
Aurora sprang to- her feet. amazed
and indignant at this Unparalleled aci
Of hypocrisy and his offensive tamil
iarity s5ss; ~ = s@ ~. LII
-tThank God. never loved YOU she
cried. and. tearing the betrothat Fine
from her finger. she lung it at Ills
feet. Go. and leave ME alone: In ali
the world have moi friend moi
one FL" }.; + s.. h
TN all the world aha not %. friend
mot one was the burden of Aurora +
sorrow for many a: weary day. s
|gH One day AUNT Hetty ib her faded
brown silk. and ancient bonnet came
for the unhappy girl: $s$ss + s= s.
Youy must go hume with me. Rory
It Is a. poor sort Of place fora fine
Ilady. but its2 tss. better than nothing
grille Z 81: 4; sss
So Aurara went. and when the sum
mer came again Alaric Leigh came
With IL If be still loved Aurora he
never betrayed the fact BY any sigr
whatever. and perhaps that was VIII
with the Inconsistency OF girlhood. she
began TO think him d para opE a fnona
men. But he did love her still. ana
after q long. long time be told her The
truth M (
S. 81 An affection ike mine, Aurora. H be
said In his grave. straig forward
wa, never chang can give you
$as comfortable home. and &c you Willgb
my wife 1 shall be the han piestSof hus
bands. y.s AZ y
S5sI can marry you Tor q home, 9 she
answered and q tender duaYer 40 hei
voice made bis heart beat faster.
Marry me for love, then. dear, he
observed ciously
oh. blind Aiaric. have loved gyou
Always.
And that was the nth.
What d quiet little we'd ding IL WIS
NO satin and lace and orange blossoms
osl sim beautiful form relied.
me tle asnplest image maid ls plain
gniss muslin whife
s5Ssss ss3
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, N.D.) 1909-1915, 1910-04-01
WASHINGTON LETTER

BY CARL scHO FIELD, Special CORE:
f>sst S6'E~ S%s.55 y spondent.f}sM = II L
- Sectional feeling has arisen over two
elegant pieces Of bronze statuarya}that
have recently been placed side by side
in the national !. Walhalla, or hall stsof
Game. in the capitol. Visitors from
many lands passing through statuary
hall are attracted by these magnificent
works Of art and pause to admire
them. One is a statue, Of George Wash:
ington. a replica Of Houdon's immortal
masterpiece. the original Of whichsis
in the capitol at Richmond, The3oth
er is al statue of Robert E. Lee. repre-,
@senting him in full military uniform as
the general in ehief!tof the Confederate
armies, II 10 III SF&s,, 81 .zss.::{@ 81;
;2 3;s 4 General Les In Bronze 5@ s5sf.5 81
r, The statue Of General Lee would at.
tract attention in any art gallery III
the. world. The pose is splendid: tile
artists conception idealfstic.s he stands
with head erect and looks every Inch
"a soldier and "a leader or men. The
bronze efigy of Lee seems lonesome
surrounded, as It Is, by the statues 81
/ statesmen and heroes who stood 5foor
the Union ID opp sition to the Confed.
/ eracy, BY a strange 5s,ccoincid ence Tie
statue Of Lee! presents "a direct face
to the marble statue Of, Oliver Nor.
ton. Indiana war governor. whose I'm.
firing zeal IN furnishing men and Smu;
nitons against General Lees soldiers
e recorded with special emphasis -
history. rs & s Ss
4. .E2s # Gift Of tho Old Dominion.
The congressional delegation from
the state of Virginia. is preparing ia
offer the statues Of w shingt ton ana
Lee as the lift Of the Old Dominion
totthe nation ssEenta tipely the delega:
stion decided that Feb. ~ would be stEe
proper time for this .cere nonial to take
place, as that is the analiE ersaryso gts,e
birth of w shingt on ;..ra IKE one, take
both Is the ultima um OF the delega1
tion. ID other Words &c congress ac.
scepts the statue Of sV ashing ton ii mus
also accept the statue 5of General Lee.
The visibility off allowing such 4
precedent to be estab lished Is bother
ing the northern leaders liz congress
They are formed that if the Lex
statue Isl permit ed to rest ndisturbel
10 sta nary hall the legislature pc Ken
lucky very likely VIII send the Statue
of Jefferson Davis there; coupled VIII