Semi-weekly herald., 1910-01-06
WINTER ORCHARD SPRAYING
FOR THE IRRIGATED REGIONS

I Practically all orchard spraying in
/ the irrigated portions of our country
is for the control of insect pests, fun.
gous diseases being little known. BY
winter spraying / refer 10 all sprays
I applied TO trees during the dormant
period, or before the buds open In the
spring.
Winter spraying, at least in Colo
rado. would be for the purpose of de-
stroying scale insects, orchard mites
plant lice. and the peach twig borer
All these are serious orchard pests
and much can be done to control them
before the buds open in the spring.
Lime-sulfur Spray.
Lime-sulfur spray is specially use
ful for the destruction of orchard
mites IN gener. and is'fhe best spray
sa % arplye ye n f,aa sst by 5y' t6s following for
mula:
Lime, 200 pounds; sulfur,. Is
pounds; water. 45 gallons.
To prepare, slake the lime with wa
ter. and as soon as the boiling has
ceased, or before, stir in the sulfur
and add enough water to keep the
mixture of the consistency of thin
cream, and keep up the boiling for
fully 40 minutes, or until the mass
assumes a brick-red color, which In
dicates that the lime has cut the sui
fur. Now, dilute to As gallons and
apply while warm. If possible. Be
sure to cover every limb and twig
with the spray. A heavy trimming of
the trees before spraying will facilitate
the work This is also one of the best
sprays for the peach twlg-borer.
To get the best results apply as late
as possible and be sure to have the
spray on before the buds open.
Oil Emulsions.
/ The oil emulsions. such as Scale,
eide, Kiloscale, Aphisicide, and kero'
sene emulsion. are very useful for the
destruction of the scale insects and
the eggs Of the orchard mites, but they
are not very efficient in the destruc-
tion of the eggs of plant lice, and If
the water TO be used for dilution is
hard water. it will be almost impos-
sible to keep the oils from separating
and coming 10 the surface. When the
oil separates out, the emulsion Is
ruined. Unless you have tried these
oils and find that you can use them
successfully, / would recommend that
you try them on a small scale before
purchasing a supply for the entire or
chard.
Tobacco Etracts.
There are several tobacco extracts
upon the market that are useful fol
the destruction of Plant lice and theil
eggs that are upon the trees during
the winter.
Judging from our experiments Blacl
Leaf Extract. in the proportion of on'
gallon In 80 gallons of water. applied
just before the buds open. will xii
, all the eggs Of the green apple aphi
and the green peach aphis. and al
lice OF any kind that may have hatche'
up to the time that the application i
made, provided the spraying Is mad
thorough enough to wet all the egg
and lice.
= There are three other tobacco ex
tracts sold under the trade names o
Nico-Fume. Sulphate of Nicotine. ant
Nikoteen, which, when used not weak
e. than one part in 700 parts of watel
have always completely prevented tn
Matching OF plant lice eggs, in my e'
periments, and / have made larg
number OF tests, using the eggs Of nc
e less than six species Of the plant lie
fAphididae).
!, These tobacco preparations seer
}. not to have much effect upon the egg
4 of the brown mite. and their effet
. upon scale insects II mot we'll knovI