davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1910-04-28
Notice fer Publication.
~(Not eeaj land)

&$4 NOT coaI Iand) g.
Department Of the Interior, q. 8.
Land ONCE at Minot, North Dakota.
April 20. 1910.
Notice is hereby given that An.
drew T. Hegreberg Of Minot, N. D.,
who on May IS. 1905, made home
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1910-06-21
NO RACE TROUBLE
At DOUGHERTY
THE ROCK PLANT WILL BE OPER-
ATEp SATISFACTORILY TO ALL
CONCERNED.

There were rumors yesterday that
the company operating the stone plant
near Dougherty would have trouble II
they attempted TO use negroes in their
work
The general manager of the COM
pany. MIR. Erler went TO Dougheriy
yesterday and consulted the people of
that town relative TO thu matter. tell
Ing them that Il was The purpose of
the company to operate their plant
with white labor II II could be obtained
there. that II was necessary 10 obtain
sufficient labor to do the necessary
work and that IL white labor could not
be obtained 1t would be necessary to
use colored laborers.
There was no inclination on the
part OF the people of DOugherty to in.
terfere with the operation of the plant
in any event and II is evident that the
rumors of threatened trouble were
groundless.
There has been trouble heretofore
in the operation of the plant owing
to the fact that pay days have been
infreQuent and those who labored
there had to wait so long for their
wages.
This will be entirely changed under
the new management and the business
Will be conducted on cash basis and
those who do the work will receive
prompt pay.
New life has been infused in the
company by the accession of the new
management and It is expected the
business will be operated continuous
ly and proftably and that all connect
ed with 1t will be fully satisfied.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1910-06-21
Await End Of World.

Boston, June 21.-Hundreds of Mas
sachusetts members of the sect OF
Triune Immersionists are today en-
gagged in prayer and fasting as a
preparation for the great smash.up
which will herald the end of the
world. The catastrophe is due today,
according to the prophecies of the
sect, Eva Brown. who has gained a
large following in this state. Miss
Brown declares that this time the
world is to come to a finish without
fail" So implicitly do many OF her
disciples believe this that they have
disposed Of their worldly goods.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1910-06-21
DIARRHOEA

I. rWAkEFlELDS BLACKBERRY
BAlSAM has been used in millions Of
cases of Diarrhoea, Dysentery, Cholera
Morbus and Cholera Infantum in the
past e4 years without a single failure
to cure where the simple directions
were followed.
2. WAkEFlELDS BLACKBERRY
BALSAM is the one welI-known diarr.
hoea mixture that does not depend up
on dangerous and habit forming drugs.
3. WAkEFlELD'S BLACKBERRY
BAlSAM is the one darrhoea mixture
that does not constipate the bowels. II
leaves them in their regular state.
q. WAkEFIELD's BLACKBERRY
BALSAM is delicious to the taste, and
can be used with safety for people Of
all ages. Children love 1t.
S.. WAKEFlELD'S BLACKBERRY
sALsAM is recommended by Doctors
and Nurses. Every careful mother
keeps 4 supply in the house for "sud.
den GALA 35c, or 3 bottles for 81.
Everywhere.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1910-06-21

III the election comes. we will
&c ready for H." said Mrs. Cora d.
T., Saturday, when she was informed
that the resubmission question prop
ably will come for consideration
on the November ballot. No Organi-
cation for a campaign has ever been
made by the w. C. T. H.. but we
are always ready to fight for pro
hibition."
The Anti-Saloon league and the w,
c. T. y. are the two organizations
OF the state which will lead in the
fall fight TO retain statewide prohi-
bition, should the proposition be
listed on the regular election bal
lets.
The socialists are not making the
prohibition question an issue in the
election.
C. b. Branstetter of Oklahoma
City. secretary OF the state socialist
party, says the socialists will have
candidates for all the state Offices
and for congress Up to date there
are over fifty socialists filed for
state offices. There are about $4,000
socialists in the state and Oklahoma
IL their third strongest state in the
union. The banner socialist county
IN the state is Marshall and Pitts
burg is close second. The party
also Is strong In the western and
southwestern parts Of the state.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1910-06-21

The Workers Institute convenes at
the South Ardmore Baptist Church.
tomorrow night. The program ap
pears below lA
Wednesday Evening.
S:30-New Testament Evangelism,
by Rev. Lee r. Scarborough, Professor
of Evangelism in the Southwestern
Baptist Theological Seminary, Waco,
Texas.
Thursday Morning.
9:3O-"Quiet Hour by Rev. u. f.
King, Pastor Baptist church. Purcell.
Okla
10 o'clock-The Bible School by
Rev. w. d. Moorer, State Secretary
Sunday school work of the Oklahoma
Baptist General Convention.
IL o'clock-Sermon by Rev. H. r.
Long, Pastor Baptist church, Madill,
Okla.
2:3O-Missions in the Sunday
School by Rev. w. D. Moorer.
$50 'clock-State Missions by ].
C. Stalcup, Corresponding Secretary
Oklahoma Baptist General Conven-
ton.
Friday Morning.
9:30-"Quiet Hour" by Rev. 3. +.
King.
10 o'clock-The Pastor and the Sun
day School by w. d. Moorer.
IL o'clock-Sermon by Rev. |. w.
Wright, Mill Creek, Okla.
2:30 o'clock-Teachers Training
Class by Rev. w. d. Moorer.
$50 o'c,ock-'Laymen's Meeting,
conducted by Rev. Ernest E. Ford
secretary of Young Peoples and Lay.
mems Work in Oklahoma.
We extend a cordial invitation to
come and be with us in this meeting
The South Ardmore church will furnish
free entertainment for all who may
come.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1910-06-21
THEATORIUM
Mnday and Tuesday.
COTTON MILL MEETING.
Commercial Club 10 Take Action on
Matter Thursday Night.

Every enterprising citizen OF Ard
more is invited to attend a meeting
at the court house next Thursday
night at $50 o'clock to arrange 20
build a cotton mill for Ardmore. You
are urged to come. You will not be
asked to donate anything We must
do something. The committee has ev-
erything ready and can build the mill
without a donation from single Ill
dividual. We have offered us as a
gift, 10 acres of land joining the city
by Walter Colbert, j. n. Moore, Jim
Watkins and U. S. Joiner.
ARDMORE COMMERCIAL CLUB.
II. II. GRAY, Pres.
n. H. mccoy, Sec
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1910-06-21
A ROMANCE
IN REAL LIFE
HAPPY ENDING OF ESTRANGE.
MENT BETWEEN TWO WELL
KNOWN ARDMoRE PEOPLE,.

A story intermingled with sorrow
and joy, tinged with much that Is
romantic, a curious combination OF
circumstances that seem TO be guild
cd by the hami Of fate, recently
reached a elimination in the re-mar-
riage OF X. A. Cromer, a former
resident of this city who was engaged
Ia the avocation OF cotton broker
Mr.. Cromer about six years ago
disagreed with his wife and they
were subsequently divorced, each
going their way, each eventually
marrying again 10 persons OF tAeii
choice.
It would seem that this was the
enc OF the matrimonial venture by
vhich they were first bound to eacn
ether, as II is seldom strange coin
cidences occur by which, under
such conditions, a man and woman
drift into each others lives again.
In this instance, though, a peculiar
chain of circumstances seems to
have orderet It otherwise, for Mr..
Cromer's second wife was taken sick
and died and within a month the
second husband Of the former Mrs.
Cromer also passed into the beyond.
Thus they both were again alone
in the world, this time rendered so
by the hand of DEATH. while in the
first instance their lives were sepa-
rated through the agency of the d.
vorce court.
Both Mr.. Cromer and his former
wife are highly esteemed, both left
many friends in this community who
were saddened at their separation
and it seems that fate itself was
incliled 10 reunite he unhappy pal"
Who though force of circumstances
had heCome estranEed ard whose
lives mad been filled with the trag
edy of ii;Orce and death.
Not eng ago Mr. Cromer and his
first wife met again. The early love
spranc into life, the mutua. reg.,rG
they had for each other. although
smothered by years of absence and
estrangement, broke out aeresh, ana
both being recently bereaved, bot!
feeling the necessity of companion
ship, both believing that the trou-
b,es of long ago could be retrieved,
with that mutual attraction that so
frequently is unexplainable yet 4
resistible, resolved again to assume
their former relations of man and
wife, and last week they We're mar
ried in New Mexico
1t is a strange but pleasant ending
to story that seldom comes to
ortals, yet nevertheless is all the
more appreciable.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1910-06-21
Notice of Sale of Real Estate.


In the matter of the guardianship Of
Bulah ]. HOOe. minor. Archie f. Hooe,
guardian.
Notice is hereby given in pursuance
of an order of the County Court of the
County OF Atoka. State OF Oklahoma,
made on the goth day OF December,
1909, the undersigned guardian OF the
estate of Bulah J. Hooe, a minor, will
sell at private sale to the highest bid.
der subject to confirmation by said
Court on Saturday the 25th day OF
June, 1910, at 200 o'clock p. m, at
Kiowa, Pittsburg County, Okla, al
the right, title, interest and estate o.
said Bulah j. Hooe, a minor, in and
10 the following described real estate
situate in Carter County, State OF Ok
lahoma, to-wit;
NJ of S1a; Sk of SEA of NE4;
SEA of SWA of NEA; NWA OF SEA
of SWA, Sec. sc, Twp. A, S. R. 2, w.
and South 20 acres of Lot 4, and M
of SWA of NWA. SEA of SWA
of NWA; SEA of NWA; NJ of
SWA of NE14, Sec. /, Twp. 8, S. r, 2,
W., containing 80 acres, more or less.
Said real estate will be sold on the
following terms and conditions, to-
wit: Cash in hand.
Bids for the purchase thereof must
be in writing and must be filed in the
County Court of Atcka County, Okla
homa, or delivered to the undersigned
at the office of Rogers & Drane, at
torneys at law, Kiowa, Oklahoma.
Dated this June Sth, 1910.
ARCHIE F. HOOE,
9-16-23 Guardian
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1910-06-21

Lame shoulder Is almost invariably
caused by rheumatism of the mus
cles and yields quickly to the free
application of Chamberlain's Lini-
ment This liniment is not only
prompt and effectual, but in no way
disagreeable 10 use, Sold by all
dealers
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1910-06-21
At THE THEATOR|UM

A large and appreciative audience
was out at the popular Theatorium
last night. The picture showing the
life of Washington was received with
applause. Everyone was well pleased
with st. Elmo, which was pronounced
the best of the season. The same
program will be repeated tonight.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1910-06-21
ANNOUNCEMENT AoRDl.
NARY-THE LIFE OF GEORGE
WASHINGTON.

This is feature everyone should
see-and we have the other features
also. Yes, lots Of them One Of
especial mentiOn-St. ElmO-One of
the greatest dramas and an Essanay
comedy that cant be beat-a total
of four reels. And remember the
place
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1910-06-21
Something Doing at Tulsa.

Tulsa, Okla, June 20.-A. J. Len
nox. the Pennsylvania oil magnate,
who is preparing to erect a marble
front six-story hotel here in the near
future. announces that he is now
drawing plans for 100000 con.
vention hall, which will be the finest
in the state
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1910-06-21
kIRk-MURRAY DEBATE.

General Brant Kirk, one Of the
most prominent candidates for the
Democratic nomination as Governor,
declares that the Honorable Willie
Murray must meet him and debate
the vital question. What Am AL
falfa, and How is 1t Manufacturer
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1910-06-21
FOR RENT

The new Fraley building on A street
northeast. the prettiest brick building
In the city. consisting OF 40 rooms ar
ranged in suites with baths and equip
ped with electric lights and gas. Ev-
cry convenience at hand, in the paving
district viii rent the entire building
to one person or will rent in suites
TO suit See Chas. Fraley. 1877
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1910-06-21
Ieachers' Exan1ination.

The quarterly examination for
county teachers certificates will be
held in the county superintendent g
office In Ardmore next Thursday and
Friday. This examination takes the
place OF the July examination.
MARY V. NIBLACk.
County Superintendent.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1910-06-21

Chamberlain Stomach and Liver
Tablets will brace up the nerves.
Danish sick headache, prevent de-
spondency and invigorate the whole
system. Sold by all dealers
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1910-06-21
The Deadly DELAY.

Those who put Off using HALLS
TEXAS WONDER for their Kidney,
Bladder and Rheumatic trouble make
a deadly delay. 1t gives quick and
permanent relief. Sold by druggists.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1910-06-21
Danderine
works wonders. |
nrd..inraa hair tue

non4orsro works wonders. II
DdiioSi iiiS produces hair Just
as surely as rain and sunshine raise crops
1t produces a thick growth OF luxuriant
hair when all other remedies fall. We
guarantee Danderine. All druggists sell II
-25c, soc and 81 per bottle. To prove Its
worth send this ad with l0c In stamps or
silver and we will mali you a large free
sample KNOWLTON DANDERINE CO..
Chicago, Ill.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1910-06-21
ARE
NOT NECESSARY
QUESTION SEEMS TO BE SETTLED
BY OPINION OF ATTORNEY GEN.
ERAL WEST AND OTHERS.

There has been considerable specu-
lation and inquiry relative to the law
regarding the filing OF nominating peti-
| tions, some contending that petitions
are necessary and others that the sec.
tions OF the law requiring this have
been repealed.
In order 10 settle the matter definite
ly, County Attorney James H. Mathers
has secured the opinions OF Attorney
General West and OF Fred Branson,
chairman OF the Democratic State
Executive Committee also the opinion
OF A. C. Cruce of the firm OF Cruce,
Cruce and Bleakmore OF this city,
which seem to all coincide with each
other that nomination petitions are
unnecessary.
The following Is the question asked
by County Attorney Mathers and the
replies thereto.
Ardmore. June 90, 1910.
Hon. Charles West.
Attorney General.
Guthrie, Oklahoma.
Have all sections requiring nomin.
ating petitions, In primary election
law, been repealed. Are nominating
petitions necessary for County. Dis.
trict and State officers.
JAMES II. MATHERS.
Guthrie, Okla, June 90, 1910.
J. II. Mathers, Co. Atty,
Ardmore, Okla
Nominating petition not necessary
for state, district and county officers.
Sections IA, Is and 16, article 2, chap.
ter 81. nineteen seven and eight re-
pealed.
CHAS. WEST,
Attorney General
Hon. Fred Branson,
Chairman Democratic Executive.
Committee
Oklahoma City, Okla.
Are nominating petitions necessary
for County, District and State officers.
There is a difference OF opinion. From
party standpoint, certainty should be
assured at once.
JAMES II. MATHERS.
Hon. Jas. H. Mathers,
Ardmore, Okla.
No petitions are necessary.
FRED p. BRANSON, Chrm.
Cruce, Cruce & Blakemore.
Ardmore, Oklahoma.
Need not circulate petitions. Notify
other parties. A. c. CRUCE.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1910-06-21
Fire Last Night.
Ardmore. Oklahoms.

Fire last night damaged the resi-
dence of Pearl Simms on West Broad
way to the extent of 81 800 The de-
partment was on, the SCENE promptly
and succeeded in saving the place from
total destruction.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1910-05-12
SUGAR TRUST FIGHTS
FOR Immunity BATH

WASHINGTON. May 11.-Fightlng for
the preservation of the immunity bath"
the American Sugar Refining company
today appealed TO the supreme court of
the United States for protection against
the government. The controversy arises
from an investigation by a federal grand
jury OF New York.
The jury desired to examine two speci-
ned books of the corporation. Instead of
issuing a subpoena to the secretary of
the corporation or other official requiring
him TO appear with these books. United
States Attorney Wise procured sub
poena from Judge Holt directed 10 the
corporation itself.
An attempt was made by the corpora
ton 10 have Judge Lacombe duash the
subpoena. He declined. and when the
corporation failed TO comply, fined it $500
for contempt
Judge Lacombe said the procedure was
no doubt wholly novel practice. He
added that IL seemed to ne logical out
come OF the distinction that CORPORATIONS.
unlike individuals. were not protected
by the fifth amendment to the Constitu-
ton, which provided that no persons
shall be compelled In any criminal case
TO be witness against himself.
Judge Lacombe said he was not pre-
pared to assent to the proposition that
the officer producing the books is enti-
tied to volunteer testimony as TO what
the books con tain nor was the judge i'm
pressed with the argument that the cor
poration could not physically produce
the books
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1910-05-12
TAFT AND ROOSEVELT
ARE FREELY CRITICISED

NEW YORK, May 11.-Neither Presi-
dent Taft nor former President Roose-
welt escaped criticism In the report OF the
executive committee OF the Civil Service
association made tonight at the annual
meeting of the association.
The committee believes responsibility
for the customs frauds here rests upon
the executive officers OF the customs de-
partment. who under Roosevelt, it
charged. were products or the spoils sys-
tenn. Instances cited are the appoint
ments OF Surveyor Clarkson (now re-
signed) and OF Deputy Surveyors Vail
and Bishop, both OF whom. II said. were
appointed by General Clarkson through
waiver by President Roosevelt OF civil
service rules and both OF whom have
since been dismissed by Collector Loeb.
Taft appointments OF which the asso-
citation complains are those OF Edmund
Voorhees, as postmaster at Brooklyn. DR..
Nathan y. Warren as postmaster at Yon-
kers, n. Y, and William j. Maxwell as
collector of internal revenue.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1910-05-12
TWO DEATHS AT EPHRAIM;
BOTH WERE PIONEERS
Special 10 The Tribune.

Special TO The Tribune.
EPHRAIM. May 1.-The funeral serv-
Ices over the remains of Mrs Eliza Ro-
zalia, wife of c. c. A Christensen, were
held al the tabernacle yesterday after
noon. and many people from this city
as well as the surrounding country were
IN attendance. Mrs. Christensen was one
OF the pioneers Of this city and leaves
host OF relatives and friends who will
mourn her loss. She was born in the
city Of Frederickshald. Norway, Novem-
Der lS, 1884. and Joined the Mormon
church in September, 1854 She emil
grated TO America In 1857 and while on
was married 10 Mr. Christensen. They
crossed the plains. a distance OF 1900
miles: both assisted In pulling the hand
cart during the entire journey. While
crossing the plains the hand-cart COM
pany In which they were travelling Jour-
neyed on the north side of The Platte
river while the soldiers OF Johnson S
army Travelled In plain view or the op-
posite side OF the stream for several hun
dred miles. but the emisrants had no
trouble with either the soldiers or In
dians. They moved to this city in Sep
tember OF that year, where they have
since made their home.
Eric Larsen, one of the pioneers Of
Gunnison. succumbed to Bright's dis
ease at his home at that place last even
ing He was a native OF Denmark. II
years OF age, and Joined the Mormon
church. after which he emigrated to
Utah. He was one OF the highly respect
cd citizens Of Gunnison. where he has
years. He Is survived by wife and five
children
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1910-05-12
News of the lntermOuntain Re0iOn
KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS
GRAND LODGE SESSION
snecial 10 INC TrIhune.

Special TO The Tribune
EUREKA. MAY 11.-Yesterday after
noon the Grand lodge, Knights of Co.
lumbus. held their annual session at the
Miners Union han In this city and a
large amount OF important business was
transacted. Delegates were present from
Salt Lake Ogden and Park City and
were royalty entertained by the knights
Of Eureka local Grand Knight r l..
Sullivan made the welcoming address at
OF the Catholic church James u, Slack
acted as POSTMASTER and poem, writ
ten by Sister Maude. formerly In charge
OF ST. Joseph's school in this city. en-
titled "A Welcome TO Our Brother
knights" was read by Mrs. p. j. Fen
nell Several musical selections were
rendered by a male chorus. Responses
IN the toasts were made by State Dep
uty T j. o. Brien OF Salt Lake, S. \.
MaGlnnis Of Ogden: d. j. Larlmie OF Salt
Lake. Charles Mcclure Of Ogden, Nj. j:
Eureka. Charles McGuuin of Michigan.
j. r. Mclaughlin of ogden, James XII
lcen OF Salt Lake. James Is. Hanley and
Rcv Father Manniou of Eureka. Miss
Helen Mccarthy rendered a recitation
to the occasion. The visiting
Knights We've very much pleased with
the manner in which they were enter
tanned The following officers were
elected AT the business session:
State deputy. George J. Gibson OF SaI5
Lake: state secretary 5. a. Maglnnis OF
Ogden; state treasurer, T. s. sullivan OF
Eureka; state warden, j. p. McLaughlln
OF Ogden; state advocate, James d.
Slack OF Eureka The next annual ses-
sion will be held at Ogden
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1910-05-12
HOLDS WATER COMPETITION
FORCES DOWN RATES

WASHINGTON. May 1.-THE inter-
state commerce commission today decided
the water competition forced down rates
from Interior points TO the Pacific coast
terminals.
The situation was peculiar in the case
In point, Carriers had increased the
rates on farm and dump wagons from
Missouri river territory TO the Pacific
coast from SIPS hundred pounds TO
$l3o; the reason announced being that
the former rate was abnormally low. Sub
sequently IL was discovered wagons were
being moved TO the Pacific coast ter
mlnals by water, and the 81 rs rate was
restored. The restoration Of the rate In
duced the Kentucky Wagon Manufacnr-
ing company and the Millburn Wagon
company Of Toledo. o.. TO institute COM
plants before the commission. demand
Ing reparation on shipments on which
they had paid the 81 SO rate
The commission denied the reparatlon
holding that the carriers were forced by
water competition TO restore the lower
rate In order TO get the business. and not
able
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1910-05-12
HAS NEW SOLUTION
OF AN OLD PROBLEM

Los ANGELES May 11.-Philip w. r.
r. Thomson has set local scientific circles
agog by claiming to have discovered the
fundamental forms upon which the en-
tire physical world is reared.
He asserts that chemistry, the Yege-
table and mineral realms and mathe-
mat!cs in all its stages have their basis
In certain fixed and unvarying forms,
which are only four In number.
Explaining his new science, which he
terms stercomctry. before a body Of
southern California educators yesterday
and today, Mr. Thomson declared that
with the four units which he illustrated
with wood models he could produce any
geometric shape now known and many
never dreamed OF There was no limit TO
the minuteness or colossal proportions OF
the creations built of these forms Com
bined In octaves or I'm series OF seven he
said, they interpret nature in Its infinite
variety from the tiniest molecule 10 the
mlghtiest sun
Mr. Thomson said there was no form OF
crystal. snowflake or any geometrical
conception which he could not produce
with a combination OF two OF more OF
his four units.
Scientific men who witnessed his DEM
onstration admitted that he had achieved
prodlgious mechanical feats. With his
block models he constructed a wonderful
variety Of designs, including the spiral
forms appearing In vegetation.