Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1910-10-26

fair trial and opposition 70 the constitution
soon completely disappeared.
The new constitution having been az
cepted but human nature not having been
revolutionized, the political clans again
divided on the question OF how the consu-
tuition ought 70 be interpreted. The party
named federalist and anti-federalist. were
continued, but with a new meaning The
federalists we're those who believed I'm \
strong central government and loose
or broad construction OF the constitution.
while the anu-lederalists we're tenacious
OF the rights OF the states aud demanded
strict construction OF tho fundamental
law, President Washington feared the d.
vision OF the people into hostile political
camps and did his best 20 keep down po-
litical agitation. He invited into his cRhi
net Alexander Hamilton. foremost among
the broad constructionists. and Thomas
jefferson, the leader OF the strict con-
strucuonists. But this administrative act
could not prevent division OF opinion In
the congress which was charged with the
business OF making statutory provisions
for establishing the machinery of the new
government
When the time came 10 choose the mem
bers OF the second congress there was
great deal more public interest than had
been manifested in the tirst election and
this-the first "ofr' year pampaign-re-
suited In the election of fifty-tive federal
lists and fourteen ant-federalists. 7'he felt
eralist victory was complete. but the senate
showed a change Of sentiment that pressged
the coming division, there being seventeen
federallsts and thirteen auti-federllsts In
the upper house. In the first uongress
the senate had been soldly federalist in
the second congress that party had ma
jorlty OF but two.
The federalists Acknowledged the per-
sonaI leadership Of Hamilton, while the op-
position was captaned by MIR. jefferson
who soon abandoned the title OF Anti-Fed-
erallst and give his following the name OF
democratic-republican party. The mem
bers of the party usually shortened this
name to republican" but the federalsts
in derislon always called their opponents
democrats" In the fullness OF time the
name given in derision was, adopted In
pride, iust as was the appelation Christ
IAN" and the party dropped the co-title
republican" and ever since has been
known as the democratic party The word
republican was first dropped generally in
1924, but remained in use in, many states
until 1850 e.
In 1892 Washington was reelected pres
ident being supported both by the federal
ties fought hard for congressional control.
and, for the first time, the federalists were
defeated, the democrats returning fifty
four members of the house, as against
fifty-one federalists giving democratic
majority of three. But the federalists
gained in the senate where there we're
eighteen federalists and twelve democrats.
In the off year election OF 1894 the fed
eralsts made violent efforts TO gain con
troll OF the lower house of congress, but
were not successful the democrats in
creasng their majority from three to thir-
teen. ,...t.,s.
In 1895 General Was hllie ton having refused
a third term, the two parties for the first
time went into battle with the presidency
al stake the federalists supporting John
Adams and the democrats Thomas Jeffer-
son. There were then sixteen states and
the presidential electors we're chosen by
the legislatures in ten of thom Adams
was elected president, but the federalists
We're unable to capture the house OF repre-
sentatives. fifty-four democrats and fifty
one fcderaIsts being elected The federal
lists were successful IN state legislative con
tests however. and increased their ma
jort in the senate, having twenty-one as
against eleven democrats,
II the democratic electoral votes had been
massed Adams would have been defeated.
The knowledge of. this fact and the possess
sion OF a slight advantage IN the house OF
representatives, caused the democrats to
view with suspicion every act OF the ad-
minlstraton Adams utter lack Of tact
contributed to democratic distrust Thus
II came about that the party division was
made absolute and federalists and demo
Gratis began to hate each other Then
came the first great political campaign OF
our history.
By FREDERIC J. HAsKIN
Tomorrow-Congrsssio Campaign
III-Ths Campaign of 1873.