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The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-11-15
ELEMENTARY AGRICULTURE
Siiould be Taught in Union County
Public Schools.
(M0nrOP F'N0nirpr

A-ih 49,
The law requiring elementary agri-
culture to be taught in the public
schools Of North Carolina has been
on the statute books six years. Tho
only reason it has not been com
piled with in Union county is be-
cause the fathers, whose sons would
be the beneicfaries, have not asked
that it be enforced. The text book
adopted car be comprehended by
students who have advanced so fer
as the fifth reader. It deals with
the fundamental principles OF agri-
culture. There could be just as
much argument in favor of waiting
until a boy grows to maturity to be-
gin to teach him to read. write or
"fgger' as there is to wait until he
reaches mature manhood to BEGIN
to teach him the essential funda-
mentals that underlie the vocation
from which he is to make a living.
The great majority Of boys and
girls who will enter the public
schools in this county November 18th
Will never get any training except
what they get at home in the public
schools. More than 80 per cent. Of
them will live on the farm and their
life's work Will be IN the farm. BY
every principle of right and justice
are entitled to some informal
ton. some training, some funda-i
mental and practical ideas hat they
may apply in everyday life. Without
vocational education and training
we must stagger and stumble under
the burden of the ignorance tax,
which hurts US more Than all Others
taxes combined. Every man ought
to possess the lofty ambition to im-I
prove his race-tO improve his own
and we need a reform in
educational system that will give
rs something else besides ''culturaI"
training. If you teach a boy how
to do things f~ntelligently and with
ease, the knowledge of the fact that
he can edo things" will naturally de-
velop the cultural part.
I was in the home Of a young
IN Sampson county the other
aay. who took a short course {nOt
a regular course) in the A. & NJ.
before he began farming.
short course IN Agriculture
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-11-15
FePtiiiz;n~ Wheat.

How would it do to SOW wheat and
put the fertilizer on in spring." Not
at all. You should use all the phos-
phorlc acid and potash needed IN the
lall IN preparing the land. In the red
uplands of the South I would use no
potash on wheat, but would use 500
to 400 pounds Of acid phosphate per
acre Then in spring it may pay to
apply rs to 100 pounds an acre of
nitrate Of soda if the growth is not
as it is desired. Apply this when the
leaves are dry to prevent scaIding.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-11-15
What Farmers Want to Know

Pea Stubble hat is intended for cot
Toh next spring, and on which no
clover was sown can now he disl1ed
well and sOWn TO rye thickIv. Better
SOW the w with a regular grain din
Hoh turn the rye under in spring
o'eplF and on heavy land he'd shall
'""lF. but on high. light land I would
pant the cotton on the level and fer
tI3iZe broadcast. Use the smoothing
barrow if the soil crusts before he
cotton IS I'D. and the weeder both
"2ys after it is UP, and you can go
over SO fast that the grass will not
have a chasoe to start. Then cult
N3te with the t~wo-hOrse riding Guilt
Fator working both sides of the row
1T One" and do not waste human la
nor with One-horsc implements.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-11-15
Progressive Farmer.)
Back 10 the Farm.

fully agree with what HI editor
PAWS III the issue for October % ir
7,glrd to the cry of Back to the
l.rrn' Many a city man figures out
an paper the wonderful profits tina
sa- be made on the farm RAISING
chickens, or pigeons. or some other
speciality. The average city man CO.
in to the country is never satisfied
60 take up h regular farming crons
If The section in which he locates, AMI
Grles 10 make a specially of what is
ora narlly a side issue on the farm.
Near the city Of Philadelphia. New
Jersey is dotted over with the wrecks
Of poultry farms, where city men have
spent all their money and Quit DIS
slsted. f1nd1nS that the hens do NOT
pan out as they figured on PAPER
Then, too, nine out of ten men who
#7e tarmers. who come to the South
make the mistake of ignoring cotton
'f TOT acco that may be the money
crops IN the section where they locate.
ana tue men who do this in anv sec
lion are apt TO fail, In every section
81. ''e country certain crops have be-
come lhe great money crops of the
iNnS because Of natural conditions
that have made them so. and tba nau-
conner WI always do vel to studv
LE"-e conditions, n endeavor in bic
farming TO improve on the mathoa.
'i |'"IEatlon instead of
It'll" crops.
fNi the city man going tn tha co,-,
IF "1th the notion that any man can
81. " i7FTner VIII find that It is 4 h,ei-
ness IN which both education and
H'.'f'eaI experience are essential ,nd
"n'i" ne may make a successful far
Ut r AFTER 4 while, his education wiz
." 4 costly one. One wealthy ,nor
I'M t~'hnsFlVania has realized this AZ
80 'r1Fel1hg all over the world. and
Jung 4 great deal of his life as 2
It3o man, he has determined to he .
Ener When nearly SO years Of age.
ma mas entered as q four-year stu
-thL at the Pennsylvania Agricultural
"ileSe, and is now in his second wear
more He Is abundant1v able to buy
me farms he wants. but he wisely
."hcIhded that he had better learn
now 10 farm through study and prac-
'.y2l work on the college farm. SO that
Nhen he buys a farm he VIII have q
@fnnlta notion Of how that farm
7i"uld be managed to improve it. He
mas the advantage of the ordinary
-tUdent at an AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE in
tact hat he has already a broad
education and has ~ravelad
ana observed the farming in all nartS
the world, and can devote his whole
t1me to the study of rmf in a
practical way.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-11-15
PRO. MASSEY'S VIEWS

80 would not turn up too much rau,
al once, but would RIM So,
80" III the same furrow habina 80
'oinihs ploW n loosen tho s1bsa;1
% mat there VIII be a bed If 1aana
49, zen lnches deep. Then the next
go me land is plowed You can tnrn
aiah p1 III hnaily you turn it regularly
deono ana subsoii SIX inches
oeepe Ihen work the land in .
rotation that will put a sod nnaor
o'eS urne it is broken for a hood
olop. Leave a hard rim to the old
eoihes ana fill them with trash of
ans sort that will hold the wash
'ith a hard rim and a deep breaking
there will be less water get
lnto n gull es. and when Won get
tnat Ian we'll filed with vegetable
decay and always break deenly and
cultivate hoed crops as level and shall
low as possible. YOU Will make M
new guliies and the old gullies will
gradually I'll if kept full of material
10 Y frosting off.
Beets for Hog Feed.
How about planting beets in early
spring for hog feed before the meas.
etc, are ready In Mississipni Won
can plant beets in early February
of an early sort YOU NAV get q
lalT crop. But the Dwarf Essex rape
soWn at same time broadcast will be
better. You might have sown rape
n crimson clover mixed in Septem-
Der, and the hogs would have had 2
good pasture through The winter. and
could have been taken off early in
spring to Sive the clover a chance
ana then the clover would keep them
gong till other crops were ready. It
would have been still better to have
soWn TWO lots, one in the mixture
named and n in clover alone. Then
when the rape and clover is eaten
turn on the other maturing clover
and it will last longer.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-11-15
AN ACRE or FINE CORN.
(Smithfeld Herald.)

Mr.. S. A. Iassiter leads Johnston
county farmers his year in the
production of corn per acre. lie broke
the lend nineteen to twenty inches
deep by using t~wo-horse plows, one
coming after the other in the same
furroW all through the acre of land.
The rows are four feet apart and the
corn was planted with a seyen-hole
plate to a Cole planter. 1t stands in
but averages about eight inches.
There are about nine thousand hills
on the acre. Before the land was
broken there was some lot manure
scattered broadcast over it. Sixteen
hundred rounds of S-3-3 gnanO and
400 pounds OF soda made up the com
mErCiaI fertilizer used. The corn
planted was a prolific variety and he
gathered rs bushels from the acre.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-11-15
Best Sweet pofatOaS

The best sweet potatoes for GROWING
Tor the Northern markets is the = .
stem Jersey. This is a smooth ana
handsome potato Of the dry yellow
class. and suits the Northern taste.
! saw a hill of them last fall that
weighed eleven pounds and had on It
eleven potatoes. Now, if every hill
IN the field made a crop like that. it
would mean over 1000 bushels an acre.
fut, OF course, no such crops has been
grown, but in a suitable soil these
potatoes have made on the Eastern
Shore of Virginia so barrels an acre
after a crop of crimson clover turned
under. For the home market in the
South, / would grow the Norton yam
or the Georgia Pumpkin yam. which
are very similar.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-11-15

The Crop Reporter, of the Depart
ment Of Agriculture. says that Msssis-
sippi has the largest corn crop in her
history. and many sections have corn
for sale. This is an Indication that
the boil weevil is whipping the farm
erS into better farming. Better get
ready, however, for the boil weevil in
advance Of his coming to your section.
and go to farming in a good rotation
with plenty of legume forage and corn
to feed to cattle and hogs. We can
make pork more cheaply in the South
than in any other part Of the country.
because of the wonderful variety Of
crops we can produce for the hogs
to harves for themselves, and we can
make a greater profusion Of protein
forage than other parts of the coun-
try north of us. Then, with the 1e-
g1me hay and corn and corn slower
we can feed cattle profitably and with
the manure can develop h capacity
of the land for the production Of cot
ton. and need not buy IN ounce CT
ammonia in a commercial fertilizer.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-11-15
Lime and DhOTNh0Vic Acid

t'mo. as 7 have often said. ia not
"sod - a fertilizer. but to sweeten
7H'd soils, to promote the nitr'fca-
non Of organic decay in the soil. and
70 nave a good mechanical effect in
hNak'n3 a sandy sol closer and q CLAW
SOU more omen. But Timing a dead.
l'Hf soil VIII never make it rich. The
hprNas phosphate or basic Stag is a
iF-n7oduct from the manufacture Of
SterI by the base system to take the
~"''Sphorus out Of the iron ore. It
'"Tf'NS about 40 pounds Of lime in
T'NrN 100 pounds. and is an excellent
source Of D~hoeDoric acid. The pull
N'Fl|ed phosphate rock IS the best
source Of p~hosnhorfc acid the farmer
"Fo grows Dlentv of lecumes and TINS
6'I9 h1trnus-makirC material in his
a'h' It IS also fine for mixing in
80 Die manure. IT was found at the
''h.0 Sfafton that q ton of manure
IN which 20 pounds OF oats had been
n'F"p, almost trebled the crop made
''"Fh . ton Of the same anu with
CIV lt. Put applied to a soil that Is
ofPH1ent m hunus. it will be slow in
'"'HihS INTO use. IF Your soil needs
"Ne. @nr the rrSInked lump lime IN
- loads and Stake it for yourself and
!o not paw a high price for slaked
'lH1e and freight the water.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-11-15
Notes and Comments.

For ordinary farm crops it does not
pay to handle and mix a lot Of ditch
bank and manure and then drlbble it
In the burrows. Haul out the n
and spread it as fast as made, and if
YOU have rich earth from ditch banks,
haul that ont and spread 1t. Mr..
Cooper IS right in making all the
n ne can but | do not. think 1t
pay to put too much on it |
would get it directly to the land. and
il will lose less than anywhere else.
But in the garden [ believe in COM
hosting, for we want the material fine
there. Now. as ] have to buy all the
manure for my garden, [ try to bake it
go a good ways by composing. This
is the way I have built UP a big COM
post pile his summer. Last spring
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-11-15

49, d lot OF green sods and stacked
III d heap with layers of rouph
49, ana sod alternately THIS
- down IN summer and
- mixed. Then alongside this -
fu9Foslted all the scraps of avery So
rom the kitchen. 4 LITTLE Ena =
a1tn uusted over the refuse 70 ranidIr
sc Gown, and d few shoyeIs fnn
the rotten sods is thrown 60
is doultlons came from the Kitchen
- are treated in the same Uav -
'eioihg the heap lencthvisa ".
- ne hrst end of the pile baro
+iS d black mass of rotten no
60 "Aieh 1 am now hauling on the
When l reach thar 49, -
I neap not yet completely decom-
posed l shal stop, and start tho 49,
o'eh aSaln. The practice viii he 49,
- az winter, though. of course thera
80 ~ hoe be as rapid a decay as IN tho
~ heather, There is plenty of sod
=" vegetable matter to nrayent o,-
uaildSe from the lime ammon;atin1
the heap. and now all the garden -
use, such as bean vines. tomato vines
and everything tho. z,.i,,
= WIZ &C into the heap. OF conrra
Nhere n keeps pfge and obicrans
tne scraps can be ptilized by their 90
1iS over them: but | keen no animals
" any sort n hence use avarv,h;,o
that VIII decay to max manure
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-11-15

foot from the end and fasten with q
brace, using Observation-Disclosures
bolts. The upright (c) is three feet
long, six inches behind and notched On
the upper outside edge. For the lever
az use a piece Of tough timber, 2N}
inches and 4 Il feet long. Make an
iich mortise six inches long and six
irfhes from the end, with a hole for =
haIi-Inch bolt in the center. The nor
tiSe is to fit over upright (b). Make
another mortise 10 inches urther back
for Upright Co TO pass through. Bore
& hc't in the handle Cd for a three
t~ighth-fnch bolt SO as TO fit the nOtches
IL upright (c). The holes in the Up
(b) are for raising and loweri1s
the lever for the front and hind Wheeis
-SS lvanus Van AIKEN.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-11-15

There are a few frog rams scat
tered throughout the United States
which are profitable to their owners
The ponds are fenced with wire and
rooted over with the same to keep out
the birds and animals which prey
upon the small frogs. There is an
increasing demand in all the big mar
ketS for this delicacy.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-11-15
A TOOL.

A homemade wagon-jack made on
the plan described below has been in
use on our farm for many vars. For
the bottom pieces, take two pieces of
some good inch material , IL feet
long. Three inches wide win do. Place
an upright piece of the same width
and / Ii inches thick. This upright
(b) should be ? ID feet Ions and ono
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-11-15
Rotation.

me main objection T wouia h,va
70 the rotation proposed hv Mr. . r
lioofe IS putting oats after cotton
D'IS VIII follow corn much better a,3
an De gotten in earlier, and carly,
IAN sowing is always better than late
lor the oat crops. And II would bo
petter TO clean the corn off by c~1ttine
o'io snothlng and then disk down the
peas Tor the oats. Then f0lrowiro Tho
oa's with peas for hay. and sowing
CRIMSON clover on the pea st1hh1e ono
can nave a clover crop to turn for
COTTON. IN South Carolina. crimson
turned under for cotton made
tNlce the crop hat was made on sim;-
lar land alongside with more far+i1igar
lhen It IS better TO have corn follow
totioh than cotton follow corn IF
crimson clover is sown among the cot
Ton ana all the homemade manure
IS afS'Ied to it and all turned for
,oiii, the corn crop can use the mann
rial accumulation more Dro6tab,v
IMAM n other crop, and it viii he 81
dssl1nllated With the soil that the oats
following will need only acid nhos-
phate, and the same will be trle Of
the cotton after clover. Small grain
VIII always do better after the corn
han after the cotton, though wheat
later thar oats. will sometimes
very we'll after cotton.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-11-15

MS man has bought a farm all
'""'nsedee ard gutlies, with a good
EN rIaV SIhe0ii. and wants TO improve
As to tho first blowing on such
'Hi' Wor1d not riOw il much deeper
man 1t has been piowed before. That
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-11-15

nat a W for good would
an the cIergymen in the rural dis
tTlcts be If they had added to their
Theological ira ming a course Of study
AT an agricultural college. They would
MAKE the greatest uplifting force for
thelr nelghborhoods by showing their
PARISH oners how to farm better. And
armlng better, they would make more
money and pay their preacher better.
too
The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1910-07-13
THE WATSON-BARRON AFFAIR
Watson Made 1t an Opportunity to
Attack Officials of the Farmers
Union. Nothing in Charges.

ATLANTA-It is expected that
the Watson-Barron affair will soon
be brought to a head by the house
committee. ]. L. Barron, keeper of
public buildings and grounds, has
demanded an immediate and thor
ough investigation of the charges of
graft made against him by ready
letter writer" who wrote to Mr..
Watson, the latter publishing the
letter.
The developments in the affair
have led to the widespread general
belief in Mr.. Barron's innocence of
any wrong-doing, even before the in
yestigation, and it is common talk
now that Mr.. Watson made this letter
an opportunity for renewing his at
tack on certain officials and former
officials of the Farmers Union
against whom he has had a grudge
for sometime, and whom he has been
freely pounding in his publications.
Along with that belief has come
general criticism of Mr.. Watson's ac-
ton in publishing the letter and then
refusing to give the name of the au-
thor of it, though Mr.. Barron s
friends feel positive they have To-
Gated him.
The charge of authorship of that
letter has been laid at the door of
A. M. Walker, Sr., former resident
of Epson county, where Mr.. Barron
at one time lived, and an applicant
for the position which Mr.. Barron
holds.
Walker has neither affirmed nor
denied the charge. He has as yet
said nothing, though he promised
several days ago to make a state
ment defending himself.
Barron's friends are urging him to
institute criminal libel actions both
against Watson and the author of
the letter in which the charge was
made. But Barron is saying nothing
at present; he is holding his own
counsel until after the investigation
is over, at which time, his friends
significantly remark, there will be
something doing.
The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1910-07-13
HEM MMN9 THAI M M OTHER COUNTY The united STATES PRODUCES MUCH mIM PER MuG mE ERg
NEW PENSION LAW IN EFFECT
New Blanks VIII Be Furnished to
the Old Vets of Terrell.

ordinary w. B. Cheatham has re-
celved the following letter from the
Commissioner of Pensions:
The pension bill to put in force
the provisions of the new constitu-
tlonal amendment has been passed
ana approved by the governor, and is
now the pension law.
DO not take any more applica-
tlons on the old blanks for INDECENT
soldiers and INDECENT widows. The
new bill repeats the INDECENT law
heretofore in force for these classes.
MY forms for the blanks under the
new law are now in the hands of
the printers. AS soon as l can get
them printed l will supply you with
instructions how to use them for
applicants. Say to all enquirers to
be patient. They will be afforded
ample opportunity to set their appli-
cations to be passed on for 1911
rolls"
The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1910-07-13
SHOW GA. CORN IN OMAHA
PIan to Carry State Fair Exhibit to
Nebraska. Maryland Won
Prize of So. 800.

The Macon Telegraph says the
whole exhibit of corn at the an
preaching state fair this fall will be
carried to the great national corn
show in Omaha, Neb, by DR.. E. B.
Frazer, at his own expense, that is
if the plans which he now has under
contemplation materialize. At last
years show a Maryland farmer cap
tured $4,000 in prizes, sold his ex-
h1bits for like amount and then
when he returned home had a ma
tional reputation for the best seed
ing corn. DR.. Frazer thinks that if
the winners at the state fair will
put their exhibits together and carry
them to the Omaha show the Geor-
gfa product will be in the winning
In several competitions at least.
From all the standpoints of grading
Georgia corn towers ahead of the
product of the middle west and Can
ada.
Dr. Frazer will talk the matter
over with the exhibitors at the state
to capture some of the prizes. He
is the proud possessor of varieties
commended by President Taft and
Governor Brown during the official
visit of the former last fall.
During the visit of the president
DR.. Frazer carried ten ears of corn
to him and explained that it was
grown by a negro ex-slave.
The variety has been preserved
this year, and will be one of the
varieties exhibited at both the state
fair and the Omaha corn show. At
the Omaha show $4,000 in prizes
are awarded annually, and competi-
tors send exhibits from every section
of the United States.
The plan now in the making would
advertise the seeding corn from
Georgia to a large extent and place
this end of agriculture on revenue
producing basis, it is thought. DR..
Frazer has outlined his plans to a
number of growers over the state,
and has been promised their coop
Grafton already.
The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1910-07-13
GETS NEW JAWBONE OF GOLD
Patients Life. Aged Man Had
CanCerOus Growth.

A man with a solid gold jawbone
is convalescing at the POSTGRADUATE
hospital in New York city. He didn't
acquire it as a fad, like diamonds in
the teeth, nor is the patient, Michael
Wood, wealthy man who desires to
take a large lump of the precious
metal to the grave with him. The
golden jawbOne is the result of a
curious and unprecedented operation,
and Michael Wood is glad he has it,
not because it is gold, but because it
has saved his life.
DR.. Aspinwall Judd, visiting sur
geon to the hospital, and DIR. Charles
Gordon Heyd conceived and executed
the operation which made Wood S
jawbone auriferous.
The man, who is more than Seven
ty years old, was admitted to the
hospital several months ago. A can
cerOus growth in his neck affected
the bone of the lower jaw, and ate
away so much of it, on one side,
that the bone was about to break in
two. The case was so advanced that
it appeared at first as though moth
ing could be done to prevent the
break which would have resulted in
the patients death.
Drs. Judd and Heyd made several
examinations, and decided that it
would be possible to cut away the
affected part, which was several
inches in length, break the bone,
which was necessary because of the
state of the jaw, and then fill in
and bridge across the cleft with a
plate of gold
1t was not a dangerous operation,
but it was most ingenious and re-
quired careful calculation and fitting
before they manufactured the golden
bone. But it was successful, and
now, after more than a week, the
aged patient is able to chew his food
as well as the ordinary mortal.
The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1910-07-13
FOR CONFEDERATE SHAFT.
Appropriation of 100000 Favored
by House Committee.

The house appropriation commit
tee has made a favorable recommen-
dation on bill by Mr.. McMahone of
Clarke appropriating 100000 to
erect monument to the men and
women of the confederacy on the
capitol grounds. The vote was unan-
lmous, even Mr.. Hall of Bibb, watch
dog of the treasury, favoring its pas
sage.
1t provides that $4,000 shall be-
come available in 1911, $4,000 in
1912 and $4,000 in 1918.
The same committee passed favor
ably on a bill to appropriate $500
for the care of the confederate Gem
etery at Resaca, and then turned
down bill giving $4,000 to the state
College of Agriculture for extension
work in domestic science among the
women of the state.