davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-08-08
REPUBLICAN STATE TICKET.


REPUBLICAN STATE TICKET.
For Governor,
B. F. CARROLL,
OF Bloomfield, Davis County.
For Lieutenant Governor,
GEORGE w. CLARKE,
OF Abel, Dallas County.
For Secretary Of State,
w. C. HAYWARD,
OF Davenport, Scott County
For Auditor Of State,
JOHN L. BLEAKLY.
OF Ida Grove, Ida County.
For Treasurer of State,
w. w. MORROW.
OF Alton, Union County.
For Attorney General,
GEORGE COSSON,
OF Audubon, Audubon County.
For Clerk of Supreme Court,
BURGESS W. GARRETT,
OF Leon, Decatur County
For Railroad Commissioners,
DAVID ]. PALMER,
OF Washington, washington County.
CLIFFORD THORNE,
Of Washington, washington County.
CONGRESSIONAL TICKET.
For Representative in Congress,
First District.
G.. A. KENNEDY.
OF Montrose Lee County.
LEGISLATIVE TICKET.
For State Senator,
JOSEPH CARVER,
OF Harrison Twp, Lee County.
For state Representatives,
GILBERT LEE,
OF Wess Point.
GEORGE w. GREEN,
OF Donnellson.
COUNTY TICKET.
For Judge Of District Court,
w. G. BLOOD,
OF Keokuk.
For Judge Of Superior Court,
w. R. C. KENDRICK,
OF Keokuk.
For Auditor,
ALBERT r. SMITH,
OF Fort Madison.
For Treasurer,
JAS. R. ROBERTS,
OF Keokuk.
For Clerk Of District Court,
G. B. LAKE.
OF Keokuk.
For Sheriff,
JULIUS EICHHORN.
OF Fort Madison.
For Recorder,
FRED G. CHAMBERS
OF Fort Madison.
For Attorney,
JOHN c. HAMILTON,
OF Fort Madison
For superintendent Of Schools,
e. c. LYNN,
OF Donnellson.
For Coroner,
RAYMOND TRUMP,
Or l-eokuk.
For Supervisors,
e year term commencing JAN, 1917
GEORGE A. BRINKMAN,
or Keokuk.
(3 year term commencing jan, 1912
I. HOSIER,
OF West Point.
TOWNSHIP TICKET.
For Justice of Peace,
JOHN LEINDECKER,
JAMES S. BURROWS.
For Constable,
THOS. ]. WARNER,
HENRY REICHMAN.
For Assessor,
S. H. JOHNSTON.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-08-08

When you buy any farm
implement. from a cream
separator to a full fedged
harvester, if it bears the
stamp of the international
Harvester-"I. II. C.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-08-08
Gun Hit Against s.ove.


Half a dozen men were standing
around when the company physician
arrived. The man who was shot, was
sleeping when the gun was exploded,
striking against a stove in the bunk
house and ret over three feet
from his head The men going by
numbers it was impossible to tell who
the participants in the shooting affair
were. Several of the men had been
quarreling in the clubhouse it is un-
derstood, and in getting too near the
heating store with the shot gun, the
weapon was discharged
Number 80, the man who was shot,
was removed to st. Joseph's hospital
where it is thought he will get along
alright if blood poisoning does not
SCI in
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-08-08
One of italian Workmen Sleeping In
Bunk House at Dam Works at
Midnight When Gun Was
Discharged in Face.
MEN WERE scUFFLING
Not Much to be Gained From For
eigner's Talk-Men Responsible
for the Shooting
Arrested.

Shortly after eleven O'Clock last
night, an Italian laborer employed on
the Illinois side of the river by the
keokuk and Hamilton Water Power
Company, received a full charge OF
shot in the right side of the face
from shot gun. Whether the snont-
ing was accidental or not could not
be told this morning.
DR.. o. G. Clark, physician of the
water power company, was called from
his residence in the city here about
half past eleven and reached the
bunk houses where the laborers make
their home over the river. a short
while after midnight. The shot from
the gun had entered the laborer's
face at the corner of the mouth on
the right side. The charge made a
CHASTITY looking furrow about three
inches long to the base of the ear ind
several flying shot went through tbs
lobe
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-08-08
FRAI,ERNAL CARDS.
MASONIC.

MASCNIC.
A Hall. corner Fourth and Main
Xxx Eagle lodge. No. Holds its
regular meeting tho first Tues
day evening Of each month
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-08-08

Gold Medal
ing everything Flour Is the hes, to- nat
SABRfNA
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-08-08

you may KNOW by that
fact alone that it is the
highest type of that inple-
ment that human ingenuity
has yet produced. A
dealer everywhere.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-08-08

TOWNSHIP TICKET.
For Justice of Peace,
JOHN LEINDECKER.
JAMES S. BURROWS.
For Constable,
THOS. ]. WARNER,
HENRY REICHMAN.
For Assessor,
S. H. JOHNSTON.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-08-08
Work that the I.H.C.
is doing for you.

Every hour Of every day a brain in this
institution is sUo,kzng to spare you from
work and to shorten your labor and
Iengtben your profits.
Every hour Of every day way is found
to improve the utility of your tillage
lmplements-to make them better and
to make them cost you less.
Every hour of every day plan is being devised to
overcome your dependency upon human help and to
provide another method get crops the ground and
off the field in less time than you did the year before
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1910-04-03
GUY B. TUCKER
 ADMITS DEFEAT

Little Rock, April 2.-Guy B. Tucker. Commissioner of Mines, Manufacturers and Agriculture, and one of the candidates for secretary ot state, has been the last to capi- tulate, though he still holds out hopes for his nomination when all of the returns have been received and tabulated.
 This afternoon he gave out the fol- lowing interview:
 "I have yet a chance to win the office, but this office does not be- long to me. It belongs to the people and they have the right to choose their secretary of state. It looks now as if they have chosen my op- ponent, and I say now, as I did to all the people I met in my campaign. that if they elected my opponent the state would not be hurt, it being on- ly myself who would suffer-"
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1910-04-03
NEWS NOTES FROM
 THE Y. M. c. A.

We're going to have a big Sunday school convention and Pine Bluff Should be proud of securing the same. Another preparatory meeting was held in the Y. M. c. A. parlor last evening and the presence of H. A. Dowell was enjoyed. We trust ev- eryone will do their part to crown the convention with great success. Do you like hand ball as well as volley ball? Come around and help us play it.
 The new tennis court was "tried out" during this week. The games were enjoyed by beginners and pro fessionas alike.
 Doesn't matter in which class you belong. Come around All are well come.
 We will be able to accommodate the graduates from the beginners class" very shortly as another court will be arranged as soon as the bricks are moved from the lot.
 Place? Sixth avenue and Main street. Time? EyesesF Friday. What? Tennis. Who2 Ladies' How? With members. Don't forget this,
 On account ofs bhe shops being closed down dusinS the week, some of the educational Glasses were dis missed. ~
 The Educational Secretary was busy several days last week rear ranging the library. He will begin to recatalogue soon and if you have any past due books please return the same so they can be properly cata- logued. We'll forget the date they were drawn.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1910-04-03
ee small exchanges in that dis

three small eXCnanSeS ln that dis trict.
 During the coming month we ex- pect to have the toll line repaired between Pine Bluff and Clarendon, and also start rebuilding the line from Pine Bluff to Camden. We have opened up through circuit from Fordyce to Little Rock, g;v- ing these people first class service, which they have been long in need of.
 The thirty addition strips are at Camden ready for installation and we will take on more new business as soon as this installation is made They did not take out any telephones last month, and neither did they put in any. This is something phenome- nal for an exchange with 300 sub scribers and will be doubted by the greater portion of the other divisions and we are taking it up with a grain of salt. District gain, 6.
 District Manager Ingram reports several farmer lines in prospect throughout his district, and he has his eye on several good connecting line contracts which will soon be brought into connection with us.- Southwestern Telephone News.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1910-04-03
LAKE NAVIGATION
 AGAIN OPEN


 Chicago, April 2.-Lake navigation opened officially at the port of Chi- cago last midnight and today the life savers again are at their posts.
 Because of favorable conditions at the upper end of Lake Michigan the water traffic will begin at once. Present ice conditions at Sault Ste. Marie are unequa1led, it is said in the records of many years. From Whitefish Bay to Detour practically no ice remains and marine men be- lieve conditions already will permit the passage of the biggest steamers on the lakes.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1910-04-03
FOUR YEARS TERM
 MAY BE RESULT
Next Legislature Will Consider Bill Giving Office Holders the Right to Serve Only One Term-State
 County Primaries.

Little Rock, Ark, April 2.-The meeting of the Democratic State Central Committee in June promises to be rather strenuous affair and some of the counties which have been holding their prmaries ahead of the state primaries, thus decreas ing the size of the vote in the state show, will be spanked so thoroughly there will be no repetition of the of fense.
 Committeeman yesterday stated they would take up before the next convention the proposition of holding county primaries earlier than those of the state and not only make it Imperative that the county and state hold primaries at the same time, but refuse to recognize the candidates nominated by an early primary by declaring it irregular add ordeying a new primary electt@. Another thing which will be de9f with by the con vention is the Spring election date. An effort wilYbe made to have the primary elec1on held in July, when the farmer7 will have their crops laid by and can turn out. The gan didates cdhplain that the weather and rusY pf crop making is against them ini the spring, which feeps down c9owds to the speakings. This change Twill probably be made is for several weeks many of the delegates have been expressing themselves in it's favorA
 The neA legislature wi]I also be rendered censtitutiopaf amendment making the terms of state offices four years, and when this is passed the Democratic State Committee is expected to pass strong resolution
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1910-04-03
W. H. LANGF0RD
 ON COMMITTEE
Board of Control and Executive Com. mittee of the Arkansas Land Con- gress to Meet April 12.

Little Rock, April 2.-George A.. Cole, president of the Arkansas Land Congress, came to Little Rock yes terday afternoon and met with B. R. Ratteree the secretary, and w. L.. Hemingway, the treasurer, and ar ranged for meeting of the Board of Control and the Executive committee to meet here April 12 at 10 o'clock in the morning, in the parlors of the Hotel Marion. At this meeting the proposition of beginning the adverts- ing campaign for Arkansas, and the assembling of the portion to be borne by each county will be discussed and some plan agreed upon.
 The executive committee is con- posed of George A. Cole, of Fayette- vile; Bert Johnson of Murfreesboro i; w. H. Langford of Pine Bluff; Geo. R. Brown, B. R. Ratteree and W. L.. Hemingway, Little Rock.
 The Board of Control is composed of one member from each congress ional district, with representatives from six railroads of the state which assisted in making the Land Congress success.
 The members of the Board of Con tYs> are as follows: Love Banks Shithdale, Cross county; H. l.. Rem- Atel, Newport; Dr. c. F. Adams, Fayetteville; John P. Logan, Gran his; H. F. Dickerson, Conway; s. w. Fordyce, Hot Springs; T. c. McRae, Prescott; Frank Anderson and s. A. Hughes, of the Frisco; Guy B. Stew art and General Passenger Agent La Beaume of the Cotton Belt; J. N Anderson and D. E. King of the Iron Mountain; Guy Wood and J. H. Terrelly of the Kansas City South ern; Leo D. Bell of the Missouri &
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1910-04-03
EAGLES SERVICES
 FOR THE DEAD
Annual Memorial Services to be Held in This City by Pine Bluff Aerie Sunday Afternoon at Eagles Hall
 Fine Program Prepared.

Fine Program Prepared.
 The annual memorial services of Pine Bluff Aerie No. 209, Fraternal Order of Eagles, will be held Sun- day afternoon at o'clock at Eagles Hall on West Second avenue. An excellent program has been arrang- ed for the occasion and the public is invited to attend. Rev. w. ID. Buck ner will make the opening address and Dr. Junius Jordan will deliver the oration. The program follows: Opening address-Dr. w. D. Buck ner.
 Ritual service-Worthy President.
 Prayer-Worthy Chaplain.
 Male quartette-Mr. Levy, Mir. Ira wich, MT. Bahlau MT. Roberts
 Remarkably Past Worthy Presi- dent.
 Baritone solo, sclected-Mr. Ira wick.
 Roll Call of Absent Brothers-Sec. retary.
 Soprano solo-Miss Broadstreet.
 Oration-Dr. Junius Jordan.
 Musical, Selection, Quartette.
 Closing Exercises.
 ''Nearer My God to Thee.' The entire audience.
 Benediction.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1910-04-03

North Arkansas; c. B. Schmidt and 1 J. B. Taylor of the Rock kIsland. This board will attend the meet ing almost to a man, and as it is composed of some of the greatest ad- vertising experts of the United States President Cole expects the meeting to be followed by immediate good re- suits.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1910-04-03
800 CARPENTERS
 SIGNED CONTRACT

New Haven, Conn.,, April "A threatened strike of 800 carpenters in New Haven and neighboring cities has been averted by signing of a two-years' agreement whereby the men get an increase in wages and a Saturday half holiday the year round.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1910-04-03

For rent-A six room cottage on w. 9th ave. House completely furnish ed, and has all conveniences. Cotton Belt Savings & Trust Go.
 4-1-4t.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1910-04-03
TELEPHONE NOTES
 FROM PINE BLUFF

We made nice little gain at Pine Bluff during the month of February and did considerable work at the
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1910-04-03

FOR UMB1ELLA FNN0
 I. Glicksburs. tho umbrella maA, Second and walnut spRosite tsls phone offlce. 1la1E >l1Ds
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1910-04-03

Look at Lloyd's Bicycles before you buy. PA Main St. (3-17-1m.l
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1910-04-03

allowing the candidates but one term in office.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1910-04-06
You'll Not Be Urged to Buy

ion: Coal, Johnson, Marshall, Love,
Carlock, Murray, Pontotoc, Garvin
and McLain and all that portion Of
the counties Of Grady, Stephens and
Jefferson lying within the eastern dis
trict of Oklahoma. The western diyis-
ions are: The first, Guthrie division:
Logan, Lincoln, Payne, Pawnee, Noble,
Kay and Kingfisher. The second, Enid
division: Garfield, Grant, Alfalfa, Ma
iors, Woods, Woodward, Ellis, Harper,
Beaver, Texas and Cimarron. The
third, Oklahoma City division, shall
include the counties of Oklahoma, Pot
towotomie, Cleveland, Canadian,
piaine, Dewey, Custer, Roger Mills and
Brentham. The fourth, Lawton. divi-
sion; Comanche, Caddo, Kiowa, Wash
ita, Greer, Harmon, jackson and Till
man.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1910-04-06
WOULD ARRANGE DISTRICTS
ACCORDING TO COUNTIES

Washington, D. c., April Ex-senator
Cores bill dividing the eastern and
western judicial districts into three
and four divisions respectively Mon
day passed the senate. Terms Of
court under the Gore bill will be held
at the same place as heretofore. but
each court town will have it's own De
culiar jurisdiction, composed of coun
ties adjacent to the place holding court
and affording most convenient railroad
facilities. The Oklahoma Bar associa
tion, it is said, endorses the principle
of the measure.
The eastern divisions are as follows:
First, Vinita and Tulsa division; Otta
wa, Delaware, Mayes, Craig, Nowata
Rogers, Washington, Tulsa, Creek
Usage, Okmulgee and Okfuskee. The
second, McAlester aud Muskogee di
vision: Adair, Cherokee, Wagner
Muskogee, Mcintosh, Sequoyah, Has.
kell, Pittsburg, Hughes, Seminole
Atoka, Pushmataha, Latimer, LeFlore
McCurtain, Choctaw and Bryan. The
third, Ardmore and Chickasaw divis
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1910-04-06
A Free For All Fight.

Jim Davis. colored, was fined $40
in police court this morning as a re-
suit of the part he played in free
for all fight on the east side late yes
terday Henry Chatterton and Myral
Howell were attacked by four or five
negroes and although it is said the
|negores were badly worsted in the en-
counter, Chatterton received bad
cut on the nose. He was struck by a
missile either thrown or in the hands
of one of the negroes.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1910-04-06

hereby announce myself as can
didate for reelection to the Office OF
Sheriff OF Craig County. Oklahoma,
for the term OF 19tl-12. Subject to the
action OF the Democratic Primary to
be held August 1910. Thankful for
The support received heretofore, hope
hy conscientious effort to merit the
same again. H. E. RIDENHOUR.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1910-04-06
.ROOSEVELTS WILL AGAIN
MAKE CARRIAGE DRIVE
By Associated Press

By Associated Press
Rome, April 6.-This is the final day
OF Roosevelt's stay in Rome. This
afternoon Roosevelt and family attend
ed tea given In their honor at the
Capitalize Museum. The tea was pre-
ceded by a dinner rendered Roosevelt
by the municipality OF Rome. AT mid
night Roosevelt and Mrs. Roosevelt
will leave for Spezia. from which point
they will begin, tomorrow morning
the carriage drive route to Genoa
which they traversed on their honey
moon. The drive from Spezia tc
Genoa, distance of sixty-five miles
viii occupy the greater part of three
days.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1910-04-06

There should be no good reason why
Craig county will not elect the demo
cratic ticket again this year. With a
clear masarity of several hundred and
good recosd OF past achievements
there should be little difficulty in car
rying it. But a thorough organiza-
ton must be effected and maintain.
ed. In short the parry must be a
militant democracy.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1910-04-06
Fast Mail Has Morrow Escape.

The tender of the Frisco fast mail
jumped the tracks, about a mile and
a half east of this city today. The
engineer succeeded in stopping the
train before any further damage, other
than a two hours delay, was DONE
The fact that the whole train was
not thrown into the ditch is little short
of marvellous.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1910-04-06
EIain Wet hy 1.2oo.

Elgin H., April 6.-Elgin goes wet
by / 200 majority, practically the same
figures as last year.
Geneva, st. Charles and Batavia
dry" Two years ago wet this
year by good majorities.
Woodstock, the largest town in Nc
Henry county, went wet" by 300
Marengo, in the same county, went
dry" by twelve majority.
Rockford, ILL.,, April 6. Rockford
went wet" by about 2O6; Oregon
wet" by sixty-seyen; Pecatonica dry
by seven; Freeport wet" by 1,O11;
Marengo dry" by four.
Centralia, ILL.,, April 6.-By a ma
jority Of 17S, Centralia township votet
wet" The "wets" won in 1908 by
1888.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1910-04-06
By Associated Press.

| by Associated Press.
Springfield, ILL.,, April 6.-The elec-
tions in 260 cities and towns in Illi-
nois, yesterday, on the saloon issue
show decided reversal of the vote of
two years ago. judging from the re-
ports from 240 places, which have
been received thus far. If anything
the vote indicates the tendency to re-
turn to the wet" column. Many cities
having large populations were recap
turned by the "wets."
Danyiiie, ILL.,, April 6--sSiix men were
wounded at the polls Tuesday in this
city, Speaker Cannon's home, during
the local option election, and for a
}time matters we're of such threaten
ing nature that believing there would
be blocd shed between the wet" and
dry" factions, Evangelist Billy Sun
day, who ha6 been holding a series of
revivals here, wired Governor Deneen,
his close friend requesting him to or
der out the local company of militia.
This request was later countermanded,
but not until County Judge Allen, after
a conference with the clergy, also wir-
ed for assistance. The "wets" car
ried the city.
The wounded were:
S. Murray Clark, ex-county judge,
bruised about the face,
Newton Shields, contractor, badly
bruised and clothing stripped from
body.
Hiram Watson, real estate dealer.
Marshal Wilson
Frank Ferdis.
Earl Spickard.
The rioting centered around Grape
creek precinct. When Judge Clark,
armed with credentials as prohibi-
ton challenger, attempted to enter
the polling place, he was knocked
down by Oscar Cravens. agent for the
Terre Haute Brewing company, and
thrown outside the lines. Cravens was
arrested Hearing of the battle. Sher-
| iff Helmick swore in fifty deputies and
loading them into automobiles hurri-
ed them to the scene. Before the
deputation arrived, another riot start
ed when Newton Shields attempted to
photograph a man entering the polls,
Shields clothing was torn from his
body. His camera was smashed
"WetsH Make Great Gains,
Springfield. ILL.,, April 6-Complete
returns show that Springfield went
wet by 1900. Two years ago the city
voted wet" by 1900 and the "drys"
gain 600 in Tuesdays vote Clinton
voted wet by seventy. Bloomington
defeated local option by majority OF
leighty-four in a vote of 5,640
Reports from other cities show the
following:
| Decatur we" by 500. Pana wet
and rest Of Christian dry"
Monmouth dry" by twenty-eight.
Galesburg "dry" by 200
Rivertown wet" after having been
dry for two years.
Champaign wet. after having been
ldry for two years.
bushnell wet" and Mattoon wet
Ae-wr,ntf0, ,-rtaa ou,atts nv, a ,,.aior
Iity of sixty-five. after being dry" for
1.-TWO years
| Palmer. which has been the only
wet" town in the county for two
Iyears. went dry" by twenty-five.
| Taylorville voted to continue dry
Iby forty-one majority
Stonington and Morrisonville both
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1910-04-06
No Trouble to Show Goods

impetus given the growth of the city
by the former administration was sad
ly hindered. Mayor Riders handy
casting vote will no longer count for
as much as 1t has since his incum-
bency in office. The democrats are
once more In undisputed control and
are willing to assume the responsible
ity.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1910-04-06
ANNOUNCEMENTS.

| hereby announce that | am a can
didate for the nomination, on the
democratic ticket, to the Office OF
eeunty Judge OF Craig county, to sue
ceed myself, subject to the action OF
the democratic primary election, and
ask the support Of all who are salts.
fed with my past record in said office.
THEO d. B FREAR.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1910-04-06

STATE Of Oklahoma, County Of Craig. ss:
I. Chas. "a. Collins, Cashier Of the abovs-named
bank, do solemnly swear that chs above state
msnt is true to the best Of my knowledge and
belief CHAs. II. CoIIIrs, Cashier
Subscribed and sworn 70 bsfDrs me this Dad
dAy Of April. 1910. Jaspss g. Martin,
Notary Public
ny commission expires Sept 18Th. 1911.
csrresk-Aftssl;.
0Llvak BAosY
A. L. CmUnoHILL
g. W CLAaK
Direekns.
The Vinita daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1902-1913, 1910-04-06

After one year of rather spectacular
rule the republican party in vinita
finds itself discredited and repudiated.
Politics entered into the minutest de-
tails Of the administration and a
quietus was put upon nearly every
form OF public improvement and the