davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1910-12-07
DECENTRALIZATION.

Prominent residents of North Airing
ton, who are anxious to establish a fire
department, but who are disposed to
economic at the outset, are urging the
purchase by the Borough Council of
some apparatus and material which the
Town of Kearny has long intended to
replace with new goods. In the rear Of
Public School No. 5, in the Arlington
section. are two good jumpers with 500
feet of hose, which has never been I'M
reeled. 1t is argued that these things
could be utilized nicely in North Ar
lington, and serve its needs for quite a
while to come; and 1t Is likely that an
offer will be made to the Kearny aus
thorities.
"a Christmas Carol will be given in
a dramatic recital on Friday evening
at Midland Hall, Arlington, by Pro-
fessor Livingston Barbour, of Rutgers
College, under the auspices of the Miz-
pah class of the Sunday school of the
First Baptist Church, Arlington.
E~ighty-five colored slides of the
country in and about Delaware Water
Gap will be shown with a stereopticon
by Captain Charles C. Cassidy at a
llHL tAiiiDlllOH " U6 SINCn ny LILO
Arlington Camera Club at Captain Cas-
sidy's home, on Locust avenue, Airing
ton. tonight. The occasion will be
ladies' night" as well.
The condition of Marshal Frederick
". Riepe, of North Arlington, who has
been seriously Ill with grip, is some-
what improved today.
Mr.. and Mrs. George H. Millar, of
New York, are visiting Mr.. Millar's
mother, in North Arlington.
The members of Arlington Circle,
Church of the Redeemer, this city. will
meet tomorrow afternoon at the home
of Mrs. Laura H. Kelley. % Franklin
place. Arlington.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1910-12-07
POSTPONE ACTION
ON CONDE MRAT|ON
DESPITE CONTRACT

Though West Orange has a contract
with the West Orange Water Com
pany, from whom it purchases it's
water, compelling it to grant privileges
to the East Jersey Water Company in
condemning riparian rights, a resolu-
ton calling upon the Town Council Civ
ing consent to the East Jersey to con-
denim riparian rights on the Passaic
river below Little Falls was laid over
last night. The resolution was intro"
duced at the request Of Frank III. Bas-
sett, of the West Orange Water Com
pany.
When the resolution was read 1t was
moved that it be adopted, but Council
mar Kenny objected. stating that IL
would hamper the policy of the State,
and moved as an amendment that the
resolution be laid over. The amendment
was carried. Mr.. Bassett thought the
action of the Council unwise.F He said:
1.-THE facts are that West Orange is
dependent upon the West Orange
Water Company for water; the COM
pany in turn is dependent upon the
East Jersey Water Company. We are
subject to West Orange, but we are
also dependent upon the East Jersey
Water Company. This is no agitation
on the part of the East Jersey COM
pany, but it is a procedure under the
ehancellor's opinion. The East Jersey
company will not shut off your water,
but the Court Of Chancery will. If
you don't pass this resolution you are
violating your contract obligation"
Mr.. Kenny, before his amendment to
the resolution was put. had the clerk
read editorials from The Star and
other newspapers c%autioning the sew
eral municipalities interested that in
order to protect the legislative policy
of the State they should not give their
consent to the condemnation rights
The Council later decided to have the
town attorney submit a written
opinion.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1910-12-07
CALDWELL-vERoNA.
Club Plans Entertainment.

Field Club Plans Entertainment.
AT a meeting of the play committee
of the Caldwell Field Club last night,
it was decided to give a vaudeville en-
tertainment in Association Hail. cald-
well, Friday night, January u.
Mrs. Nelson B. Chester will give a
lecture on the Passion Play" tomor-
row night, in the Caldwell Presbyterian
Church.
The Caldwell Board of Health will
meet in the Council rooms on Roseland
avenue, Caldwell. tomorrow night.
Mrs. Walter Sharwell and Mrs. Her
bert F. J. Bartlett. of Caldwell, re-
ceived word yesterday of the death of
their brother, Percy Blake Rutherford.
at Tottensville. s. I.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lester Van Dsrhoff, of
West Caldwell. spent the weekend
with the formers parents. Nj. and Mrs.
C. H. Van Derhoff. of Fairfield.
Mr.. and Mrs. Philip Ashenfelder,
formerly of Bloomfield avenue. Caid-
well, have moved to their farm In Clin-
ton.
LIE Roy Thorne and family are NOV
ing from the DE Baum farm, IN Pine
Brook, to the Van Duyne cottage. or
Bloomfield avenue. Caldwell.
Final arrangements have been made
for the Christmas entertainment, which
is to be given on Friday. December 20,
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1910-12-07
PUPILS ON HONOR ROLL
IN BELLEVILLE SCHOOL

The following pupils of st. Peters
Parochial School, Belleville, are on the
honor rolls. having attained averages
of 90 per cent. or better during No
vember:
First room, Elizabeth D. Ellis, Jane
". German, Margaret V. Reilly, Steph-
en- H.. Blaydes, John j. Oldham, John.
Crowley. Francis R. Verian, ThoWas
n Spnieh, L6cs-G-N eary. Jane E. Eay-
Tor. Elizabeth F. Smith. Florence R.
Ward; second room, Zita Byrnes,
Agnes Donlon, Alice Westlake. Agnes
Mccarthy, John Burns. Gertrude Stad-
elhoffer, Charlotte McKenna, Mary
Byron, Helen Smith, Joseph Byrnes,
Cecilia Murray, Mary Whelan, Matthew
Smith, Catherine Higgins; third ROOM,
George Ward, Charles Ward, job
Westlake, Elizabeth Gormley. Jane
whelan, Mary Senior, Mary DeLeo.
Anna. Mccartney; fourth room, Fran
els McWilliams, Joseph Harvey,
Charles zangele, Martin Mooney. Eu-
gene Neary, Joseph Hickey. Dennis
BARLEY. John Delaport, Elizabeth
Thaller, Mary Finn, Mary Teresa Thai
Ter, Mary Agnes Smith, Mary Ward,
Alice Harvey, Ellen Lawlof, Eliza
beth Ward; fifth room, Alice Thaller,
Mary Mallack, Mary Sullivan. Cath
ertne Scaine, Loretta Harvey. Mar
garet German, Grace Scully, Richard
Ecaine, Thomas Sheehan, Francis Nc
Emery: sixth room, Genevieve BARLEY,
Aloysius Howley, Caroline Senior,
Elizabeth Mccarthy, Edward Burns.
Eugene Donlon; seventh room, Henry
sullivan. Geraldine Ward, Agnes Stew
art, William Jordan.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1910-12-07
OFFICIALS
UNABLE TO GRANT
SALOON LICENSES
BellevilIe Body to Continue as
Township Committee Pending
Action in Court.

Though the voters in B~elleville at
the last election decided on a change
of government from a township to a
town, the governing body will continue
to act as a township committee pend
ing the action which has been brought
before Chief Justice Gummere OF the
Supreme Court to upset the voters YER
dict. This was decided last night h
the township committee met. 1t will
mean that nine saloon licenses which
will expire next Monday will have to
be renewed by application to Judge
Ten Eyck in the Court of Common
Pleas as in the past, instead Of from
h Town Council, as provided for In
the change of government.
AS soon as Chairman Denison CALLED
the meeting to order Counsel De Graw
rendered his opinion and he also re-
quested that Township Clerk Edward
E. Mathes read the writ of certiorari
signed by Judge Gummere and sent by
Clerk William Riker, jr, Of the Su-
preme Court. This was done.
During the session former Township
| Counsel Andrew l.. Boylan asked that
formal notice be taken of Mr.. De
| Graw's remarks in connection with the
form of government by placing them
upon the minute book as an official
| record.
Mr.. Boylan explained that he wanted
this done as a matter of protection
because, he said, application for the re-
newal of Several saloonkeepers' cen
will be made soon and that in case a
point is raised by the judge in this
connection he will be in a position to
revert to the legal opinion to show that
Belleville authorities under present
, conditions have no power to grant the
| permits.
Mr.. De Graw agreed with the stano
assumed by the former counse and
Clerk Mathes inserted In his minute
book that 'in the opinion of the coun-
| sci the writ acts as a stay n that
! we remain as a township pending set
| Element"
The writ referred to was granted by
Judge Gummere recently to John X.
Hardin, who was representing Jonh
! Neyin Klein, Progressive Republican
leader of Belleville, and several others.
1t was given on the ground mat the
submission of the question of incor-
porating as a town to Belleville citizens
was unfair, because preceding the
proposition on the ballot on election
day was the word 'fbr," and the word
against was not upon the ballot at
all.
The writ read last night by MIR.
| Mathes is directed to the latter and
Charles Lyman Denison, Harry M. Fal-
lows, George w. Staniar. Frank A.
Cadiz and E. Williams Bechtoldt. all
members of the township committee.
The document Is r%eturnable Friday be-
fore Judge Gummere and provides that
all the proceedings leading up to the
vote on the project. including the or
dinance, be presented In court to be
reviewed.
Several weeks ago Mr.. De Graw filed
papers in the office of the secretary of
state Incorporating Belleville as a town.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1910-12-07
BOWLING CLUB Dimes
AND ATTENDS THEATRE.

Last night vas celebration night"
for the Owl Bowling Club, of Bloom
field, and the members. after attending
the performance at Waldmann's The
atre, went to the Navarro Hotel, where
dinner was served. The event was in
commemoration of the eighteenth an
niversary of the organization Of the
club and was arranged by Augustus
Ashley.
officers for the ensuing year were
also elected. They are Arthur Lieut.
hausser. president; William Farnoff,
vice-president; Christian o. Hilpert.
treasurer; George Havelin, secretary,
n Augustus Ashley, captain. Ed
ward Howell, Charles Hilderbrandt
and Leo Sullivan compose the col unit
tee on membership.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1910-12-07
MONTCLAIR.
Engagement Announced.

Engagement Announced.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. G. Staples, Of West
port, Conn, have announced the en-
gagement of their daughter, Miss Mary
Coley Staples, to Edward Mckinney
Hunt, of Claremont avenue, this place.
Linen shower for Prospective Bride.
The Misses Edith and Marguerite
Studer, of Christopher street. will give
a linen shower this afternoon at the
home of their parents, Mr.. and Mrs. A.
c. Studer, in honor of Miss Gertrude
Upshur, who will become a bride soon.
Mr.. and Mrs. H. N. Durham, of Lor-
raine avenue, have gone to Brooklyn,
where they will spend the winter.
Miss Dorothy Dunbar and Miss Kath-
crime Davis, of Upper Montclair, have
returned from a visit to friends at
Philadelphia.
Herbert F. Mansfield, of Steuben, O.,
is visiting friends in town for a few
weeks.
Miss Alice Smith, of North Fullerton
avenue, who was visiting friends at
Proctor, VT, has returned home.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1910-12-07
EAST ORANGE MAN MISSING
rom HOME SINCE NOV. 20.

The wife and three children of Henry
II, Wicks, 3S years old, of SO Ninth
avenue, East Orange. are today max
ing their home with the parents of Mrs.
Wfcks, in Dupont, N. Y, as a result
of the disappearance of Wicks from his
East Orange home on November 20 last.
On that night Wicks came home and
geve his wife his pay envelope. He
left the house and has not been seen
since. Apparently Wicks left a written
request addressed to his wife that she
and the children live with her people.
Mrs. Wicks has asked the New York
police, also the East Orange authori-
ties. to aid in the search for her miss
tng husband.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1910-12-07
DAUGHTERS OF ISABELLA ELECT.

The following officers were chosen
by Court Conchessa No. 81, Daughters
of Isabella, of Harrison, at a meeting
held last night: Grand regent, Miss
Mary Il. Prendergast; vice-grand re-
gent, Miss Elizabeth Brady; historian,
Miss Helen Gilmartin; financial sec
rotary, Mrs. Mae Lynch; treasurer,
Miss Catherine Lawless; prophecies,
Miss Mary v. Goodman; monitor, Miss
Irene Thompson; sentinel, Miss Louise
Turner; organist, Miss Helen Nc
Donald; trustees, Miss Mary Brady,
Miss Anna O'Malley and Miss Teresa
McCoole.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1910-12-07
NON-SUIT IS GRANTED
AGAINST ORANGE COP.

A non-suit was granted Policeman
Thomas Almond, of Orange, in the East
Orange District Court yesterday by
Judge Worrall F. Mountain, because
neither John J.. Hennessey, of Orange,
who is suing the officer for an alleged
assault on him on March 80 last, nor
Sidney Stein, his attorney, appeared
in court. Mr.. Stein, when called on
the phone by Clerk Noah Baldwin. said
his client had to visit his sick wife, and
he believed an arrangement had been
made for having the case adjourned.
Nathan c.. Horton, counsel for Police
man Almond, knew of no such arrange
ment, and was granted the non-suit.
The Ease can be restarted by Hennes-
sey, II he so chooses. He asks for $500
damages.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1910-12-07
NUTLEY.


Held for Juvenile Court.
John Dusdof and Amelio Lordy, both
IL years old, and residing in the italian
section near the Bloomfield line, were
paroled to await the action of the
Juvenile Court by Recorder William
H. Parry, last night, for fighting in the
street. The lads were attacking each
other, one with a knife and the other
with a big rock, when arrested by
Sergeant Jameson.
Mrs. Sumner w. White, of Whitford
avenue, is visiting friends at Boston.
Mrs. H. J. Reimund, of Englewood,
is visiting her daughter, Mrs. Arthur
B. Gladwin, of Highfeld lane.
The Belleyille Elks' bowling team will
give a ladies night" at the Central
Cafe alleys. on Chestnut street, tonight.
Two of the alleys will be reserved for
the use of the ladies', while the other
two will be used by the Elks. After
the games a supper will be served TO
about fifty persons.
erAu WANT Ans Ann THIN RUgT.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1910-12-07
AGED MAN WHO TRIED
SUICIDE MAY RECOVER.

Hopes are entertained for the re-
covery of Charles Rogers, the aged
man who attempted suicide last Mon
day at the home of his daughter. Mrs.
Eva Chanler, of 27 Walnut street south.
East Orange. He passed a restful
night, and there are nc indications OF
blood poison. The physicians say no
serious results are anticipated.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1910-12-07
PIPE CONTRACT AWARDED.

An order for 1870 tons of cast-iron
pipe was let last night by the East Or
ange Water Department. The pipe will
cost $21.2o per ton. Fittings also or
dered will cost SAT a ton. The U. s..
Pipe and Foundry Company secured
the contract. Engineer Arthur A.
Reimer reported the daily consumption
of water per capita was 50 6-10 gallons.
The cost per million gallons for the
month was $107.59.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1910-12-07
HARRISON-E. NEWARK.
Return to

Return TO Hospital.
Nichalos Zello, of SO Hamilton street,
Harrison, who was badly burned about
the face and hands at a fire in his
home last Saturday afternoon and who
left st. Michael's Hospital after the in
juries were dressed, was compelled to
go back to the hospital today because
of his condition. 1t was thought the
burns were not of a serious nature.
The Turner Pleasure Club, of Har-
rison, is arranging for a reception and
ball to be held in February.
Everything lis in readiness for the
mass-meeting to be held in the Bor-
ough Hall, East Newark, tonight, when
taxpayers will file their objections
against the alleged unfair method of
assessing.
In honor of the feast of the Immacu-
late Conception masses will be offered
in the Church of the Holy Cross, Har-
rison, tomorrow morning at $50, 100
and 8 o'clock. The parochial school
will b. closed all day. Special services
will be held in the Polish Catholic
Church, Harrison, and italian Catholic
Church, East Newark.
Chanceman John Ryan, of Harrison,
has been selected to fill the berth Of
Patrolman Richard Nugent until the
latter returns from the South. Ryan
will go on duty tonight.
James Lang, of Sixth street, Harri-
son, a parlytic, who has been confined
to ST. Michael's Hospital. Newark, for
some time, has been discharged as in
durable. Lang was afflicted some
months ago. AS exclusively told In
the Evening SAR. he was preparing
a bandage for an injured son when he
was stricken with paralysis. He has
been in the hospital since.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1910-12-07
ROY ESTELL.

Roy Estell. who was at n time en-
ployed in the Public Services gas de-
partment, died yesterday at his resi-
dence, 80 Whittlesey avenue, West Or
ango, after a lengthy Illness. Mr..
Estell, who was % years old, leaves a
widow, Mrs. Louisa Estell, and two
children. Funeral services will be o n
Quoted at the house on Friday after
noon at 2 o'clock and interment will be
in Rosedale Cemetery.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1910-12-07
BLOOMFIELD--GLEN RIDGE.
Firemen See show and Dine.

Firemen See Show and Dine.
Phoenix Hose Company No. l, Of
Bloomfield, attended the performance
in Waldmann's last night and then
held its annual banquet in Eisner's.
The guest of honor was Mayor-elect
William Hauser, and covers were laid
for sixty. The affair was greatly en-
joyed by those present.
There will be a special Swedish serv-
ice in the First Baptist Church, Bloom
field, next Sunday. The Rev. Axel
Peterson will be in charge.
Mrs. William B. Conklin is enter
tanning the Utopian Club in her home
in Hawthorne avenue, Glen Ridge. to-
day.
Mrs. Robert L tombstone, of Ridge
WOOD avenue, Glen Ridge, is entertain
ing Miss F.. L. MacLaren, of Canada.
The Misses selick. of Clark street,
Glen Ridge, are giving a card party in
their home today.
The Sunday school of the Park NJ.
b. Church is arranging for a Christ
mas cantata.
Frank w. Stevens, of Milwaukee,
Wis, is stopping in town.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1910-12-07

Henry Mccormick and Festes O'Don-
nell, jr, have been Initiated into mem.
bership in the Acme Club. Members
of the organization are working hard
for the success Of their annual recep-
ton and dance, which will be held
January 6 at B~elleville Hall.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1910-12-07
observe wedding Anniversary.

observe WeauInG AnniFcfbAfy.
School Commissioner and Mrs. Will
lam A. Sherman celebrated their
twenty-eighth wedding anniversary
last night at their home. 1875 SPRING
field avenue. The affair vas private,
only relatives Of the couple being
present.
The Tecumseh Club will meet tonight
at its new quarters in the Irvington
Casino, 152 Grove street. Resolutions
will be adopted n an arrangement
committee will be appointed for a
housewarming and celebration next
week of the recent Democratic victory.
On the complaint of Councilman Au-
gust L. Lacombe, chairman of the
street committee, Town Clerk Mahlon
Stockman was instructed by the Town
Council last night to communicate with
the Public Service requesting that COM
pany to put a proper pipe at the cross
ing at Forty-third street and Halstead
avenue. Mr.. Lacombe stated that fire.
quent requests nave been made by him
in this matter, but they have 30 far
been ignored.
The report of the assessment COM
missioners on the opening of Forty
third street was confirmed by Town
Council last night.
Irvington Council No. 1877, Jr. o. U,
A. M, will meet tonight in the lodge
rooms in Masonic hall.
The hearing on the Standard place
opening has been postponed by Town
Council to January 8. Tuesday, De-
! cember 20, Is set as the date for the
hearing on the grading. curbing and
tagging of Grace street.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1910-12-07
IRvINGTON.
Euchre Club Meets.

Euchre Club Meets.
The fremont Progressive Euchre Club
held its semi-monthly g~me last night
at thu home OF Mr.. and Mrs. Jacob
futile, of IS fremont street. Prizes
were awarded to Mrs. Walter Blair,
Miss NorDdah Marshall, Willis Tnttle
an C. F. Green. Those present were Mr..
and. Mrs. Jacob Tuttle, Mr.. and Mrs.
Merton B. Owens, Mr.. and Mrs. Odell
Tuttle, Mr. and Mrs. Willis Dennis, Mr..
and Mrs. Walter Blair, Mr.. and Mrs.
C. F. Green, Miss Normal Mashall and
Horace Owen.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1910-12-07

Court Bloomfield Centre, Independent
Order of Foresters, will hold it's an
nual meeting tomorrow night, when
officers will be elected.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1909-1916, 1910-12-07

STAR WANT ADS ARE THE BEST.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1910-01-26
MATTER OF DEFENSE OF
PHILIPPINES DISCUSSED

WASHINGTON, Jan. 25-Whether
the United States retains the Philip
pines, improvements proposed in for
tifications on the islands will be of
permanent use to this government in
the opinion of Senator Warren, who
today defended the provision of the
Notifications bill setting aside $780, 900
for those improvements.
Mr.. Bacon of Georgia said experts
were divided as to whether the fu-
ture naval base of the United States
in the Philippines should be at Cor
regidor or at Subig Bay
Replying, Senator Warren said it
was contemplated that the money
should be used at the mouths of Su-
big Bay and Manila Bay. Mr.. Bacon
objected to the Indebtedness of the
paragraph, but it remained unchanged
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1910-01-26
Sunday School Lesson For
Bible Students
Questions Asked By The Reverend DR.. Linscott.

1+7
What motive would compel a child
Of God to literally carry out these pre-
cepts of Jesus, when, and as often as,
The Holy Spirit should indicate?
Verse 42-What attitude should the
Christian always take, in the matter
of giving or loaning money to those in
need?
Verses 43-44-What are the advan-
tages of loving our enemies, and the
disadvantages Of hating them?
What does it imply, practically. to
love our enemies, and is it possible OF
performance by every Christian?
Verse 45.-Why does God treat the
evil as we'll as he does the good, in
the matter of sunshine and rain, and
the similar common blessings Of life?
Verses 46-47.-Which gets the great
er good out of life and why, the gen.
erous and forgiving, or the harsh and
those that render evil for evil?
Verse 4S.-WHAT DOES JESUS
MEAN BY THIS COMMANDMENT,
TO BE PERFECT AS GOD IS PER-
Feet?
(This question must be answered in
writing by members of the club
Lesson for Sunday Feb. 16. 1910.
Almsgiv.ng and Prayer. Matt. 6:
LIS
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1910-01-26

ward act being committed?
Why is man who, out of an angry
revengeful heart, calls his brother a
fool, and would like to consig7 him to
the worst Of suffering, in danger of
suffering himself that to which he
would consign another?
Verses 2326.-Why cannot man
truly worship God, or enjoy the love
and favor of God, while he has bitter
ness in his heart to another?
According to the teaching Of Jesus.
what is our duty toward a person who
is angry with us, either with or with
out just cause?
Verses 3S-41.-Are these precepts to
be taken literally and if not then what
do they mean.
See Elk. q :24-25, Lev. 24:20, Duet.
1921, and say if these laws are in
harmony with the teaching of Jesus
Are these precepts of J sus given as
rules of conduct, or as underlying
principles, and what is the difference
n the two ideas?
Can you me ton supposed cases,
where it would be wise to literally car
ry out these precep+s of Jesus, and
other cases where it would violate the
spirit of Jesus teaching to do so?