davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-08-27
NO FIXED BOUNDARIES
OF THE GREAT OCEANS
Differences Among Geographers
Where There Are No Land
Lines Of Demarcation.

The United States photographic office
recently was asked whether the oceans
are REGARDED as having fixed boundaries,
and, if So, what those boundaries are,
and whether there are accepted lines Of
where there are no line
boundaries In reply it was stated there
is no formal international agreement as
to demarcation lines Of the oceans, and
some difference still exist among geog-
raphers regarding the names and
Of those lying south Of the
equator The practice of the United
States photographic Office agrees with that
Of the British admiralty. The boundaries
are the arctic and antarctic circles. the
continents and imaginary lines drawn
from the southern points Of Africa. South
America and Tasmania, south of the ant :
arctic circle. This gives the five oceanic
divisions commonly used and as mapped
in stieIer's Atlas and Recfus: The
Ocean,"
For convenience the equator is taken as
the dividing line between a north and q
south Atlantic ocean and north and q
south Pacific ocean. The portion OF the
Indian ocean south Of the equator is fire.
uuently called the southern Indian or
South Indian ocean. Some geographers
speak of southern ocean as that part
Of the waters lying between the antarctic
circle and latitude forty degrees south.
while some fix the limit of the Indian
ocean at thirty EIGHT degrees south lati-
tude. There have been geographers In
the past who considered the southern
limit of the Indian ocean to he line join
ing the southern extremity OF Africa Win
BASS strait giving the name OF southern
ocean 10 the part lying south OF 1t.
This term Southern ocean still fingers
lin literature and in the conversation OF
mariners. but seems to have little stand
ing among modern geographers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-08-27
BIGGER NAVY GUNS.
Germany Announces Purpose I
Build 14-Inch Type.
Foreign Correspondence Of The star.

Foreign Correspcndenee Of The Star.
LONDON, August ~. 1910.
Recent reports Of a large increase In
the caliber and power OF the guns Tor
Germany.s new battleships have excited
a good deal OF attention in this coun-
try.
Authentic details are lacking. bu II IL
stated that the Germans are now trying
a gun OF l4-inch caliber, OF which great
things are expected. 1t is unusual for
the German papers to give away secrets
of this kind unless for a particular pur-
pose II il most likely that these inspired
statements have been made to attract
contracts from powers like Brazil, which
are rebuilding their fleets.
At any rate, no il inch gun for actual
use has vet been manufactured. although
experiments may have been made. Com
pared with this there In the knowledge that
the new British 13.Sinch gun 10 rapidly
materialxing, gunners at Whale Island
school having been drilled in the handling
of such a weapon since october last.
There seems little doubt that the ad-
miralty fully realizes that gun power is
the secret Of successful naval prepare
ton, for il is only three weeks since the
old battleships Barfeur and Centurion
were sold by auction on account Of their
relatively weak gun power. Launched In
1852. these vessels carried 10-inch guns In
their main armament.
On the other hand, the Nile and Ira
falear, launched in 1887 and 1888, are still
in service, the reason being that they
mount the older but more powerful 1856
inch gun.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-08-27
FRENCH ISLAND NEGROES
BEST CANAL WORKERS
Haiti and Martinique Blacks, Excel
All Others with Pick
and Shovel.

French negroes from Haiti and Mar
Unique excel all other. classes of la
borers. In pick-and shovel work on the
Panama canal. That IL shown i'm a re-
porteto the War Department giving the
results OF recent practical tests of the
value OF the various claEses of laborers
employed In excavating. rock ann, earth
forthe channel through the Gatunsiake
region. The work was done on the
task system-that fs.- the laborers
were, paid according to. the amount Of
material they excavated. s~.-s- -. :, ~
All kinds of 1aborers were employed.
White Spaniards and Italians recruited
in colon were taken to Bohio. Accord
ing to- the report they were willing
and Intelligent, but. weak and slow.
and were able to earn just about
enough from daybreak to- sunset to
keep them alive. Native Panamans.
men OF the class that excelfed on the
clearing recently completed by con-
tract. did not fnd the work OF digging
profitable.
Negroes from the British West Indies
worked'in teams, and. the report says,
did we'll enough. but they could earn
very little more than the 10 cents gold
an hour that the commission pays on
regular work. The French negroes
from Haiti and Martinique did better
than any of. the others. They also
worked in teams. some loading while
others dumped the -cars. They made
$50 gold day in six hours of actual
that they are well nourished. work as
rapidly as the English negro and keep
up their speed all day. They are also
reliable" says the report. returning to
work every day and keeping at il re-
gardless OF rain"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-08-27
READY FOR HORSE SHOW.
warrenton Event Brings Many
Visitors to Town.

Special Correspondence az The Star.
wARRENTON. Va. August -. 1910.
The Rhode Island farm. situated on the
Bethel road has been sold BY Mrs. James
YeSYries 20 r. VI. reache OF Waco, Tex,
a horseman and enthusiastic polo player.
Mr. and Mrs. I.eache will make their
home In Virginia after remodeling the
house, and will shortly bring here their
string Of polo ponies and jumpers.
The horse show ball will be given for the
ladies OF warrenton "Wednesday. At least
Ino couples will participate. The town is
alling with visitors.
The gentlemen who will act as judges
for the coming Wsrrenton horse show
nave been selected and are: a. W. Stroth-
o.. N. a. George. Charles F.. Holtciaw.
Harry Spratley OF Virginia, G. g. Hume
Of New York r. Penn Smith. WEIGH
strawbridge and Edward Crosi OF Penn
sylvania-
The class OF green hunters carries
forty-eight entries. while the handicap
jumpers have forty-seven entrants. These
are two OF the largest classes ever enter
I'd at a Virginia show.
Mrs. Allen Poets. Mrs. Julian Morris
n Virginia. Miss Swars of Leesburg.
Miss Hazard of Washington. Mrs. James
eurkett of Prince William county and
Mira Leache OF Texas are among the
ladies' who will ride and exhibit this
year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-08-27
COTTON MARKETS.
NEW YORK.

NEW YORK, August 27.-The cotton
market opened firm at an advance OF 36
points on August. which sold at 1880. q
new high record for the season, on cover
ing by belated shorts, while later posi-
tions were 5a1O points higher In response
to higher cables continued drouth in the
southwest and covering by shorts. Trad
ing continued quiet, being mostly local.
and early fluctuations were irregular.
August soon broke from the early high
point to 1875 under a little selling by
spot people, and then rallied to nearly the
record figures. while later months eased
off to about the closing figures OF last
night under realizing.
The market closed quiet and steady net
IS points higher on August. but 1a3 points
lower on the new crop months.
Estimated receipts OF COTTON at the ports
today. 1000 bales. against q. 0s6 last week
and 1885 last year. For the week. 10000.
against 55.416 last week and S1.O1O last
year. Today's receipts at New Orleans.
a6n bales, against 157 last year. At Hous-
ton, =, 4sI bales, against 1888 last year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-08-27
.Deserters From the French Army.

rsr4s Correspondence london Telegraph.
The oficial announcement that last year
a many as I7.25S young Frenchmen
omitted 10 present themselves for their
Ieeal term OF military service has pro-
duced a painful impression
The increasing number of deserters ap-
pears to be due TO three causes. In the
FIRST place, the anti-militartsts would
seem to have made sad progress In GER
taia districts Then again. part OF the
mischief is 20 be traced TO the amnesties
repeatedly voted by parliament In favor
,f the men who have not fulfilled their
military obligations Thirdly. account
must be taken OF "the Incredible facilities
accorded by the different French ad-
uinistrative authorities" to the IN
sounis." who are away from their country
and who apply for safe conduct that
they may return home for their private
,anairs Not only IL the existence of
ouch safe conducts . matter for regret,
but ';the facility With which they are
Granted IL really extraordinary.
The war once and the government can
AZ least suppress two Of them by no
longer granting amnesties or safe con-
Aucts to men who are In revolt against
the law Of the nation and against patri-
otto duty.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-08-27
How Needles Are Made.

From the Chicago Tribune.
Needles are made from steel wire, which
Is first cut out by shears from coils into
the length OF the needles to be made.
After a batch OF such bits has been
cut out they are placed IN a furnace.
then rolled until perfectly straight. Next
the needle pointer takes up dozen or so
~ the wires. and rolls them between his
thumb and finger. with their ends on q
turning grindstone. first one and then the
other being ground The little steel bob
bins are next fed into a machine which
fiattens and cutters the heads. after which
the eyes are punched.
They are now complete needles. but
rough and easily bent. Careful heating
and sudden cooling gives them the nee
essary temper and nothing remains out
to give them their final polish. ON q
coarse cloth needles are spread TO the
number OF forty or fifty thousand. Emery
dust is strewed over them, oil - sprin-
kled on. and soft soap daubed over the
cloth. which, rolled tightly, is thrown into
a pot with others where IL rolls about
for twelve hours or more.
When taken from this friction hath the
needles require only rinsing In clean
hot water. when they are ready TO be
sorted and packed. r
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-08-27
HOW TO TELL
4 WELL BUILT HOUSE.

YOU find the brickwork plumb all lumber well seasoned
pasterlng straight that hugs the trim closely the
ter work to be pleasure look upon
finish rubbed perfectly smooth we'll braced roof with high
grade covering these being the substantial parts building
You may SAFELY PRESUME that the CONCEALED FEA-
URES which to make for good construction have been
EQUALLY WELL looked after.
We justly proud of homes because careful consid
Grafton and close supervision has ALWAYS been given them,
and every item of cost figured allow of the BEST
terials and workmanship.
That have succeeded in these particular homes
fishing NEW STANDARD OF HOME COMFORTS will
be conceded They contain and three bathrooms sleep
ing porches, howater heat electrical convenence cedar
closets, etc. and you that they achtccuray
correct.
Price. $500 Terms $r25o cash. $3.50 month including
ALL interest, and of this $32oo is SAVED to you.
LOCATED roth and Park Road and Lamont streets
overlooking Rock Creek Park neghboood composed Of
people Of refinement Sample 1883 Park road OPEN until
o'clock. Take Conn marked Mt Pleasant
to Park Road. Remember the number, 1883.
MIDDAUoh SHANNON. lno, Owner.
No Place Like Home; No Home Like Ours.
Selling Agents. SHANNON & LUCHS, II, 14th St
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-08-27
WANT BAN REMOVED.
Restrictions on Imports Of Canadian
Cattle Objectionable.
\ Correspondence Of The star.

Foreign CORRESPONDENCE Of The Star.
LONDON, August 10. 1910.
A renewed effort Is to be made to in
duce the government to remove the re-
strictions now imposed on the importa-
ton of Canadian cattle into this country.
The chambers OF commerce throughout
the United Kingdom are to be memorial
ised to support a formal resolution urg-
ing this policy, which il to be submitted
to the autumnal meeting Of the Associa-
ton or Chambers of Commerce. The Hull
chamber has already given notice Of such
a motion.
ever, adamantine. In this II has the sup
port OF the front opposition bench.
In these circumstances the chamber will
do well not to be too sanguine.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-08-27
Deserted Maine Villages.
r..r,...n fo,,-n.I

From the Lewiston Journal.
Maine has had her deserted farms. and
now and then one can find her deserted
Villages. Such a one ia Welchville, In the
town and county Of Oxford, where once
the pulse OF machinery kept life beatine
fast in o thriving little community. To.
day the population is scattering. on the
farms whereabouts chiefly, while the
change in the value of the property is in
Dictated by the story recently related OF
the sale Of a two-and-a- half-story- house
for $115 which was worth 1900 seventy
five years ago. But the number OF such
towns Is small. Maine Is building UP
fast. Her deserted farms are being taken
up, sometimes by progressive young
farmers and again by summer people.
and the deserted Maine villages promise
a new lease Of life.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-08-27
TAFT AND WIFE ON AUTO RIDE.
Driving Eighty-Five Miles to Home
Of Secretary MacVeagh.

BEVERLY. Mass. August 2s.-Presi
dent Taft and Mrs. Taft started this
afternoon on the longest automobile
trip they have yet undertaken.
A drive OF eighty-nve miles will
bring them tonight to Dublin, N. H..
where they" are to be the weekend
guests of Secretary of the Treasury
MacVeagh. Miss Helen Taft and Rob-
ert Taft were also in the party.
It has not been determined whether
the return trip will be made Sunday
afternoon or Monday morning 4.
The President golfed with Capt. Butt
at Myopia today. The start for Dublin
was made direct from the links
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-08-27
CHICAGO CATTLE MARKET,

CHICAGO. August e7.-Cattle-Re-
ceipts estimated at 800 head; market
steady. Beeves, 4.9OaS.40: Texas steers.
stockers and feeders. 4.10a6.20; cows
and heifers. 2.60aS.s0; calves, 6:50a9.00
Hogs-Receipts estimated at 5000
head; market steady to shade up. Light,
S.75a9.25; mixed. s.30as.15; heavy, s.2Oa
800: rough, S.e0aS.40: good to choice
heavy, S.40a9.00: pigs, S.15a9.40; bulk
Of Aafes, s.e0aS.so.
Sheep-Receipts estimated at 1000
head: market steady. Native. 2.60a4.65;
western, 2.s5a4.S5: yearlings, 4.50a5. 20:
$50.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-08-27
BODY FOUND UNDER FLOOR.
Manager Of Automobile Garage Had
Been Nysteriously Absent.

PITTSBCRG. August I.-While laying
a pipe line under the floor or an automo-
bile garage at Point Marion near here
today W. l.. Harvey, proprietor OF the
place. unearthed the mutilated body OF
his former manager. Frank Ringle, aged
fifty-fouri years. who mysteriousiy disap'
peared from his home August 16
Late yesterday blood stains on the floor
Of the garage were noticed by Harvey
and suspicion for the first time was then
entertained that Mr. Ringle had met fou
play.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-08-27
LIVERPOOL.

LIVERPOOL. August 25.-Closing: Cot
ton-spot quiet prices points higher;
American middling fair, s.67: good MID
ding. So: middling, S23: low middlilg.
S.13; good ordinary S-s7: ordinary. 1872:
The sales of the day were 200 bales. OF
which 900 were for speculation and ex-
port and included so bales American.
Receipts. 2OOO bales. including 200 Amer
lean. Futures opened quiet and closed
steady August. s.14,s; August and Sep
TENDER. 7sOh; September and October
7.4Ih: October and November. 7.22; No
yember and December. 7.141s: December
and January. LIN: January and Febru-
ary I'll: February and March. III;
March and April. I'll: April and May,
7.1OIa: Ma. and June, LION.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-08-27

From the London Chronicle.
II ecarte 10 to be held responsible for
Thackeray's appearance as an author his
erratic methods of work contributed
equally to his early death. He wrote in
variabiy with the printers devil in at
tendance.
II can conceive nothing more harass-
ing in the literary way" wrote Motley to
his wife in 1853, than Thackeray's way
OF living from hand to mouth I mean. in
reSard to the way he furnishes food to
the printers devil. Here he 10 just finish
in9 the number that must appear In q
few days. OF course whether Ill or well.
stupid or fertile. he must produce the
same amount OF fun. pathos or sentiment
His gun must be regularly loaded and
discharged 1T command. I should think
Il would wear his life out
Motley's fears were realised within, .
few years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-08-27
WHOLESALE MARKET REPORT

| Quotations given below are for large
| OTIS. 8obbers' prices are higher.
| EGGs.-Nearby fresh Virginia. 23a24;
| west Virginia and southwest Virginia,
/ %; Tennessee, Il.
RITTTER.-Creamery, fancy, 3Olsaa2Ih1
western firsts. 29Aa8Oh; seconds. 2711a
3Ols: process. fancy. 2Ia2s.
CHEEsE.-New York state factory,
new. large, 16al6ss. .
| PoULTRY.-Chickens. spring. per H..
1saf9: hens, per h.. 13a14; ROSTERS. h..
n; geese. per h.. Sa10.
per h., Is: ROSTERS. per h.. II: spring
ers, 1sa19; ducks. per h.. 12al4; geese, per
h., 8afO.ts ire
| VEGETABLES. -Pdtatoes. new. No. 4.
per Rbl-. l.2oal.15: No, y -hbl., 75s
ti.Oo: new sweets. per Dbl, 2.coa3.oo;
per basket. 25a5o: onions, per box
1aoc; eabbaE e.: per Dbl coal s. 90; egg
crate. .4oaso: string beans. per harrsi
/ :5Oa2 90; Lima beans, per quart, TO-
lettuce, per basket, 76al.O; toma-
toes, home grown, per box. % to LOO; cell
cry. per crate. 2.75a4-oo; radishes. per 100.
tufrips. per. dozen punches. IS; beets,
100 punches. l.0Oa1.JO: green corn. per
dox., l0at6., =
/. GREEN FRUITS.-Apptes. per Dbl. 10
a3.OO; oranges, California, per box, 3.J0a
623: lemons, per box. 200a5.50; grape
| fruit, per crate. 3.00a5.00: pineapples. per
crate, 2O0a3.OO: cantaloupes. per crate,
35a1 90; plums, per crate. 50a1.25; peaches,
per crate. 50a1.25: watermelons. each,
i5a25; grapes, Delaware, 1.6Oa2 90; Mag
ara. 1.25a1.50; Concord, 00al.o0. per car
rier.
HAY AND STRAW Hay. western. No
| 4. 2l.bOa22.0o: No. 2, 20.6Oa2i. 90: mixed.
IA. oOa2l.O straw, rye. bundle, II. boa b a:
| straw, rye. machine thrash, 0OOa0 70:
straw. wheat. per ton. $50: straw. on.
Der ton. 660a7.00
LIVE sToCK.-Hoss.. per cwt.. gross,
a00ae.Oo: sheep. per H.. 2ha3: lambs.
IT,, .ssla9: medium. per h.. g. -
WOOL AND HlDE&.-Wool v.,bsd.
| tres of burs. per h., %: wool, unwashsd
per H.. y: hides, green, pei H., o: hides.
dry ,"per h.. l2al4s oaifskihs, green. each.
| GRAIN.-Wheat, new. per bu. sal 90:
corn. shelled. per bu., 70a7e: new ear.
per Dbl, 4.0Oa425; oats, western white.
No. 2, per bu., %Sa4S; oats. mixed. per
fbu., 40a45: bran, per ton, 2l.Oo: middling,
Dor ton. 400
I SEEDS.-Red clover. per bu., S.25aa75:
alsike. clover. per bu., s.5Oa9. so: white
clover. per bu.. 13O0ala.5O so; timothy. per
bu.. 3.0OaS25; blue grass, per GU, 25Oa
325: orchard grass. per bu., 2O0a2.2J:
redtop grass. per h.. 10a15; alfalfa, per
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-08-27
A Forest Of Cedars.

From the London Globe.
Some time ago It was stated that cedar
wood had become 80 scarce that a Ger
man chemist had discovered a process OF
treating potatoes whereby q substitute
was obtained for the cedar castings OF
lead pencils. The chemists. discovery In
not likely to turn out as profitable a. was
anticipated for the news IL TO hand OF
the discovery i'm German East Africa OF
a magnificent forest Of cedar trees. Al
ready several consignments OF cedar logs
have reached Hamburg. and IL Is said
that the future Of the cedar pencil indus
try Ia assured. A Paris Contemporary. In
making this announcement, ADDS with
lofty scorn: .'Detruire une foret cedres
pour faire des crayone! C'est supplement
ignoble ct bien digne de lie poque bar
bare up nous vivons."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-08-27
ASKS BURGLAR TO. DRINK.
Lawbreaker Accepts and Il Handed
Over to Police.

NEW YORK. August PA kind invi-
tation to drink was the liquid lure that
LED to burglars capture early today
william @. Dickson. q broker. was en-
terins his house when he was held up
'ps.a as an the vestibuie. Dickson most
gracousy invited the hold-up man to
JOIN him In a drink, which cordiaiity so
upset the. highwayman that ne accepted.
As .ne pair strolled down 5th avenue
IN auest OF the refreshment Dickson saw
to him.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-08-27
CHICAGO.

CHICAGO. August 27.-Wheat opened
irregular today with values on Il To II
higher Foreign markets were firm with
a slightly downward trend, and the con-
trolling factor in the early trading was
an improved local demand. In the first
the low point, September creeping up to
90h, q net gain OF sc over Yesterday $
closing quotations. influential concerns
invested to, sbme extent In the nearby
delivery. The other options showed q
healthy tone, and reports of export sales
were heard. September opened u to Ac
higher, at 30. to 99h. December opened
unchanged to 1sc down at 1.O33s to 1.0S'A
and then advanced to 1.03ha1.04.
Corn was steady at the opening and de-
veloped some firmness early in the SEES
sion, fear of a recurrence of frost scares
making shorts timid. The start was lsc
down to nc up and q fair demand crowd
ed the figures slightly higher. Ideal
weather conditions in the corn belt gave
the bears announcement September
opened nc down to &c up at 605s to 6oss
ed unchanged to isc down and also gain
ed a little, i'm the first hour.
There was a firm updertope In the oats
pit, and opening figures were generally
unchanged A moderate demand early
in the day helped the market. Septem-
Der opened unchanged at 34h-
December started unchanged to A
shade higher at 3sh to- 3s 1saSS y:
Trading in hog products was light, and
prices kept within narrow LIMITS in the
early trading. Pork opened INC down
to 2hc up: lard unchanged to 2hc
down, and ribs unchanged to nc
down.: Opening prices for the October
products were; Pork, .2o.1s. AVG up;
lard. fL91z. unchanged. and ribs, lilo.