The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-09-06
,,,,SG OF THE NORTH CARO-
hEEit FARMERS CONVENTION
- THE A. & NJ. COLLEGE IN
EIGH LAST WEEK.
continued From Page IWo.)

,--IirO as WE pAo"
1hI L,n, with thought may produce an
prtS3nnt harvest When the Guilt
anu" IF cotton was reduced to the
Fd'o+ slipshod method, the 1gnOr-
pr naorO and spawned mule could
az through the program sometime
lona the summer and finally bring
~ ~ lad tidings to the village store
- hat the crap was lad by.
ketPN "a rming is the bane Of the South
Suen one knows, but it's the only
a. nnthinking labor is capable or.
NM oonnot have diversity Of farming
Nffbont diversity of knowledge, and
"" ,riu not come until an lgh
tn |n+h s school is maintained in every
nnnntrv district in the State. Most
49,. have passed the allotted time OF
o+on5ing school, but we had to learn
!" a. the bitter school of experience, and
= no yiT but try to supplement TINS
;+b s,1ch knowledge as we may gain
.om hooks, the agricultural papers,
and most important OF ALL from arli-
80" "rr' Institutes, we may yet make this
- North State blossom as the rose
.Tbare is no Disgusting the fact that
ror+ of knowledge is responsible for
+ho low state of agriculture in the
CI,,+b today. The old negro farm
bord has passed away and with him
nassnd the knowledge and the ability
IF his race as sue to till the SOIL. me
Southern white mai with the best ad-
vantages, has moved TO town 'thus
Iaaring the impression everywhere
thaf farming was the calling Of the
h hI and those who could not help
themselves.
mo EiouT liza Struck to Change All
This.
" must change all this, and for
orr own credits sake we farmers must
fake the lead in demonstrating that
this aDDearance is deceptive. We must
ctndv better methods of letting out
orr land. We must follow more ra-
+ionaI cropping plans. We must learn
the lesson of thorough and deep drain
age. and there is but one system
worthy of the adoption of a progress
i've farmer, and that is tile or under-
drainage. do not mean by under
drainage that a farmer must put tile
in the few bitches that he has and fill
them, but | do mean hat the best
land in his State will never yield
within fifty per cent of a normal crop
until tile drains, five feet Or more
deep. are sunk plentifully in the
ground. No matter how much ferti-
lizers YOU apply, o cannot without
deep and thorough blowing during the
fall and winter, and deep ploWlng IS
suicidal on wet or undralned lands.
We will continue to be the helpless
vassals Of the fertilizer dealer until
We learn to row more legumeS with
which to supply hunlus to our soils,
in the shape of turned crops or stable
manure and it is folly to attempt to
get humus in an ~undrained or I'M
broken soil, the ferrnent Of the decay
ing vegetable matter only adds to the
already too acid condition, and none
Of the legumeS do their best in such
soils. 1t is folly to expect the cropper
as We know him, with his m~ove-every-
winter program, to do any work worth
while improving at all. In fact, he
and the nonresident landlord are the
arch enemies of Southern agriculture
Both think of little more than avoid
Ing expense, n bleeding the LAND for
all it is worth. Neither, as a rule,
cares for the social or educational
conditions Of q community where the
land is SO held, and as a result there
Is apt TO be neither schools nor
churches in such a community.
Inequalities of Taxation.
Inc direct property tax system as
II IS now operated. tends unjustly to
put an undue share Of the burden up
on the small farmer, and to enable
the large land holder who lives in
""h' generally at the county seat, to
escape a greater part Of his just share
Vi the taxes, by getting his property
taIued at about half per acre what
t"e lahd Of the small resident owner
~ taxed for. 1t is due to neglect Of
our public duty, my friends, that these
eingS are true. We owe It to our
"e,EeS 70 see that an eight months
soHooi Is IN operation in every coun-
oS district. We owe it to ourselves
~ see th2t some system Of farming
g. auopted that will insure the proper
neIh9 ana cultivation of the soil. We
II 10 ourselves to see that the
Iise tract Of land bears its pro rata
sn al OF the burdens Of taxation in
49, nance with it's real value. /
bb 40 TO emphasize this wrong now.
necause about this season of the ear
dndGy d complacent tool of the tax
h. sef IS slipping into a place where
naxt De Of service to his patron
T. 0prlng at listing time.
mo Is d matter Of great pleasure to
arr tnat our agricultural departments
bono nInS more to helping in the
N- tttTp 10 tho ~lo-o 70