davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, N.D.) 1909-1915, 1910-05-13
& I'M Brownies of Afinot, has been
visiting in the city fol-. q few days: y

SsI Mrs. BroRnlee OF Afinot, has been
visiting II the city for aafeW days:
3 81 MI. and Mn. ia. F'alger have
moved mo to5 hantauau a FOR the summer.
q Miss Josie Cronen, Of Cando, wac
the guest ofl Mrs. G q: a bar SATURDAY,.
Dr.. NJ. a. Lee Of Edmore, vas a Dew
liz Lake visitor the first Of the week.
The newest style Of oxfords and
shoes shown at the New York Cash
Store.
solomon Fox and family Of Toxic
were IL Devils Lake between trains:
Monday 35.s
Andrew Hogan, Of Crazy wasf a Dew
ils Lake visitor the latter part Of last.
week. 55, 5.s5 5s$
a 81 c. Honey, Of Edmore was III Devils
Lake the fore part Of the week on
busine 81
sA. 2. Kerlin was at Bismarck last
week attending q meeting Of the peni77
Tertiary board. 81 .Ssi,
lNdr. and Mrs. &. d. Maurer, Of Stark
weather, were Devils Lake visitors
Tuesd 81 \. 81 5s,s5{
q. Dean and wife and aughter, and
Mrs Higgins, OF SCrary were Devils
Lake visitors Friday. 5SSS5
5Dr. Ogliye 81 Edmo ore visited at the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. O. w. Ohnstad
iin this city Monday. ;. 6; 55
Mr.. and Mrs Bruce Nelson have
| moved to Chautauqua and are occupy
Ing the Reid cottage. u
Closing out saleso Monarch and Clu-
lett brand mem summer shirts at the
New, York Cash Store: N \, $sss 5 RI
Miss Louise Hollinger returned home
Sunday evening from her school work
Hat st. Josephs, Minnesota. 8 ijs..
AS Mr.. Wade, who has several contract
ling Jobs In house building at. Toxic was
in Devils Lake on business Monday
morning 3ss$ L; e5:s. G: S.,5
j Take advantage Of the special sale
ION ladies' ready -to-wear garments a,
The New York Cash Store. s'sS ..5:$
Abner Fqunimerfelt has been Up
i pointed deputy sherif to al. the Va
III
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, N.D.) 1909-1915, 1910-05-13
ACE yelling specials Saturday 520t
a yard at Winans Millinery.

ss Face yelling specials SATURDAY. zoe
q yard at Winans Millinery ;,i.s.
n This is the time To select your new
shoes and oxfords from The New Z York
Cash Store. MI
55sS e. N. Zeibaugh, sup rintend lent OF
the Fort Totten Indian School, was a
Devils Lake visitor the fore part o.
the week. ssa !:
a. J. Doug erty, Of StarkWeatherS was
III the city this week attending q
meeting Of the directors 81 the state
school for the deaf. 5s$.
Mrs. John Meier. and little baby
daughter, OF Idaho. have been the
guests Of Mrs. Meier's uncle, Rev.
Father Augustin in this city. q !; 5E d
M, j., Cowley was at Grand Forks
|the first Of the. week on business in
connection with the billing Of at
traction for the Grand opera house
In this city for next season. s 81.
Mrs. ". W. King, and little son
who had been visiting at the home q
Mrs. Kings parents, Mr.. and Mrs. II
a. Winans, ID this city returned te
their home, At Tower City Saturday.
Souvenirs suitable for Chautau-
qua trade, 50 per cent less than d
cost To be sold ID the first com q
1 er. Huesgen. s$s
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, N.D.) 1909-1915, 1910-05-13
NEWS
iger Bill,' was & over ., from Crazy

Is
81 Tiger Bill'' was over from Crazy
Monday. VI!
nd Kolstad was u Devils Lake from from
\ Warwick Monday sss
Special sale on trimmed hats at i'm
ans Millinery Saturday. . $x
a. Minkler, Of Knox, was q Devils
Lake visitor last week: VI 2s:s$
y. Blysher Of Cando was 4 Devils;
4 Lake visitor last week
James Place and wife were a from
Morris township last week. Il,
Grover Fllkerson of MELVILLE was q
Devils Lake visitor last week.
Fred s. Chambe rlinS Of Doyon5 was
a visitor IN this city saturday D
ss g. smeallie was q business visitor III
1 Devils Lake from Toxic Monday. \!
4. For quality, variety and price il new
/ wash goods The New York Cash Store.
CAN on s. g. Jones Tor steamship
tickets 70 Or from all points ID Europe.
Z j Cummins, Of Claresholm, Alta,
!. has been ID this city for q few days.
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, N.D.) 1909-1915, 1910-05-13
Farm Loans. Money on hand on
favorable terms. Lowest rates. E.
j. Ghamberlin Y. 1 81. III ";

4 rs
9@ Mr. and Mrs. Harry Lord Of Cando,!
were Devils Lake visitors Sunday
John W. Maher always mas money,
on hand for farm loan no delay. s.
#$a c. e. Honey Of Edmore was a bust;
ness visitor IN this u city Saturday.
Full line Of fruit and staple and
fancy groceries, al. fresh ana new ct
Maxon g co. 3
n Don't ask your friends % 90 on your
honda when yon can get q Surety Bond
from s. g. Jones 81 = nominal cost s2
=s$ Miss Katherine speI licy. teacher IL
Cleveland township was 4 IN Devils
Lake Saturday. II ID a q
Capt. Atkins, OF Cando was In Dew.
lie, Lake on bushes the fore bart
Of the week. n: d
81 Miss Htlma Freeburg was In Devils
Lake from Tokip on q shopping gexpedi.
ton last Friday. VI % ,ss5}
Norman Morrison was down from
Webster Wednes day. iSfi IS 3Ss rs s2 q
r.
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, N.D.) 1909-1915, 1910-05-13

The First National Bank Of Devils.
lake, N. D. loans money on Real
Estate at q very low rate of Interest.
You can. pay your loaE at any time
With us Az =.. I: 2:s.5 z.. s=s &
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1910-09-15

Our Busy Reporter Says:

Geo. Delvecchio is here from by.
ersburg.
d. b. Wilson was in Mayfield last
week on business.
Joe Pike returned to Mengelwood,
Tenn, Monday afternoon.
f. A. Loud. Of New Madrid. was
here Monday on business.
Mrs. s. M. Naifeh is home from a
visit to relatives in Clinton.
Jim Walker. OF New Madrid. was
here this week. on business.
Mrs. j. r. Brown spent Saturday
and Sunday with Mrs. M. e. Rose.
Miss Marie KnoeT. OF Caruthers-
vile, is the guest of Miss Lilly Crea-
son.
German Vance went to Louisville
Saturday night TO attend the State
Fair.
Harry Millet went to Louisville
Sunday night, to attend the State
Fair.
Mrs. Steve Stair and children are
home from a visit to relatives in TT.
Smith, Ark.
Mrs. Ben Scott and children, OF
near Martin, are the guests Of her
mother. Mrs Fannie Foulks.
Miss Homer Green returned Sun
day from a two weeks visit with
Mrs. r. G. Robbins, at Mayfield.
Misses Stella and Cleona Weather
holt have returned to their home In
Cloverport. Ky. after a visit with
Mrs. r. NJ. Ryan.
Miss Hettie Williams has returned
from ST. Louis. She will operate the
dressmaking department at Baltzer
a Dodds' this season.
Mrs. X. T. Tyler, Miss Emma Ty-
Ter. Miss Mabel Wilson and w. G.
Reed left Sunday night for Louisville
TO attend the State Fair.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1910-09-15
Jealous Woman Shoots.

Los Angeles. Cal. Sept lg.-Mrs
p.is, Turner Krauss. former wife of
DR. William kfauss OF Memphis
Tenn one Of the most noted experts
oa yellow fever In the south and at
.0s ume dean OF the University OF
yl,lsburg. Miss. shot and painfully
Injured Frank Is Gnnith. a mining
man o. los Angeles.
Ths shooting was the result Of a
Ions landing argument between Mrs.
krauss aud Grimm over allegations
b, Doc woman that the mining man
had BOT only disappointed her In a
aiuiug deal. but had also broken
a.,l ln hlf alleged promise 10 marry
fsr This argument has been carried
.a in various parts Of the country Tor
months
She soasa, him IN his offices In the
s,orY building Grimm Was In the
usin room aud his partner r. s
slaak. was In the private office ad
la.aiag.
Mu Krauss began the converse.
U0n with = repetition OF the threats
tls had made before. 0rlfnth made
r1 cply and turned and walked TO
ward biz ofhoe. biz bach being toward
GOO woman
. bad taken but a few steps with
my back toward Der. when prcmou.
zoo - Instant danger swept over mo
snd 3 o.. ned, said Grimm. AZ D
did. heard the report % To- r.
rol,ef ani feit The sting Of the bullet
ai % creased my chest aud struck
..ainst ny collar bone kept on
turulug fcttinF the second shot ln the
Gan ! dropped nAt o. The noor and
rolled and she lowered the gun and
r.s. asaln by that time shank. my
partner. had conc from biz private
VOC. and ueircd the gun
Me Kriuss vas taken 10 police
hsadgaart1rs where she stated that
sts lad lrsd IN self defense. 4 have
taon very unhappy since my marrlag.
Gal ls krsurs said the woman. 4
wa sisyihs al the Anreius hotel horo I
.a 1905 saen ! met Mr Griffin. We /
-ti several dinners together aud often F.
ueli drg'ng returned East aud /
10 visited me a. niy home Ia Memphis
nd Induced me 20 Invest In a mining .
.ropot.uou had already Suffered .
r'o nogouaiions with my husband o. .
.s.are a divorce and the amount OF
De- sstilsmcut had been arranged
i-fhth kncw thia and asked me 20
-arry him and ! agreed "a DO 20 -
.ooa a. ! secured my divorce
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1910-09-15
Cypress Shingles, 81 a thousand at
mip.-Yates & Kirk Single Co.

A bashful young man in town was
invited out TO dinner. He was very
much agitated. He sat opposite a
mirror and discovered that he had
forgotten TO comb his hair. Then he
dropped his fork on the floor and as
he stopped TO pick 1t up he upset his
coffee. Matters went from bad to
worse. until finally IN despair the
young man quit eating and put his
hands under the table. The loose
end of the table cloth was lying in
his lap. He thought it was his shirt
and that he had forgotten to put the
garment In his trousers. He hurried
ly stuffed the supposed shirt inside
his trousers. Afterward when the
family arose from the table there
was crash. The dishes lay In a
broken mass on the floor. The young
man pulled three feet OF tablecloth
out OF his pants and few to the
woods.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1910-09-15
River Cutting Bank.

The sudden longing Of the Missis-
sippi River for Missouri soil has
spread Consideration among the peo-
pie interested In Birds Point, for the
cutting there is worse than ever. For
a stretch of two miles the erosion Is
in progress, and where the Cotton
Belt landing now is the bank for IA
distance of 60 feet back from tho
river has disappeared since Tuesday
night.
The Iron Mountain was the worst
sufferer, for their landing was put
out OF business and passengers had
TO land hah a mile further up stream
and walk to the train. Baggage. ex-
press and mail has to be handled
this distance. but a landing barge is
to be provided which will make Il
possible to land near the end Of the
line. The other day several tons OF
earth fell crashing down upon the
transfer boat as 1t was landed there.
The reason that the river has
started cutting so suddenly is the
big rise in the Mississippi and the
low stage in the Ohio. II made the
current very swift, and at this STAGE
of the river II cut into the sand stra-
ia of the perpendicular bank, with
the result that the surface kept
breaking off and dropping into the
river. At present the river is only
a hundred feet from the levee at
Birds Point
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1910-09-15

Miss Sarah VIM Mcconnell arriv-
ed Friday from Arlington. to spend
the winter with Mrs. S. NJ. Hubbard.
Mrs. W. II. Baltzer and daughter,
Miss Thelma. have returned from a
visit TO relatives in Carbndale. Ills.
They were accompanied home by Mr..
naltzer.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1910-09-15
New Courier Readers.

J. NJ. Marshall. City.
Gene Blakemore. Route g.
J. h. Swim. City.
J. |. Brent. Route 2.
Il X. lsler. Pensacola. Fla.
Birdie Boyle. Route 4.
g. w. Ladd. Route 2.
Mn. Bottle Reid. Route 1.
}. X. Williams. Route 2.
Mfs. r. =. d. Logan. fernando
Miss.
wan Woodnng. Route 2.
Il. l.. Gray. City.
J. II. Peck. Cayco.
W A Dodds. CITY.
Mrs. Tom Pollock. Woodland Mills
u. u. Harding. Route 2.
Charity stacy. City.
Israel Clark. Route 4
Ice Page. Route 2.
}. +. Williams. City
}. y. frOvow. City.
W. y. Bhkemorc. City.
j = Roby. Fulton.
n l. Rice, Route
Mrs. N D. Johnson. City.
Mira. o T. Campbell. Moscow.
Mn. Horace Luton. Fulton.
d. l. curlln. Woodland Mills
}. u Travis. city.
Mn Ayce lounoy CITY
W. J. Monan. Route 4.
VIII Hammond. City
G. n Mculfco. City.
5 u Burrua. State IAne.
Dewitt AycH. ~ Worth. Texas.
Miss Annie shorron. CITY.
Mn Martha Roper. Route 4
Noble McGchec. CITY.
Mu Chaa foltE. st. Louis.
u a. RogoN. city.
@ J.. Lowcry. city.
Willis Williams. Route 2.
7 u. NooEon. Englewood. Colo.
G. y Roach. Columbia. Tenn.
Mn W. "a Routen. Route 4
Dave Morgan. Route 4.
Mn. Jennie sullivan. Marble Hm.
10.
Frank Won Berries. CITY.
W X Bowling. Tracy CITY. Tenn.
J r Dalton. Admission. NO.
Mu ST. T. Henry. City.
Moillo johnson. City.
T. " Oakley. Kennedy. NO
W a. Polsrovo. Trenton. Tenn.
Miss Mamie nankemlcy. norcnR.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1910-09-15

Don't let your property go with
out insurance. Its poor business
See Kennedy the Insurance Man.
Read our special offer and quit
borrowing the Courier.
All work satisfactory or money re
turned.-Schmidt
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1910-09-15

n We don't sell your real estate,
= doesn't cost you a cent II We do,
Il only costa you 2 per ecnt.-The
Courier Realty Co.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1910-09-15

O.. A. Davidson has about 60 acres
ui rice CA hia farm a few miles BE-
'oa obiou. lie says u D. splendid
c-op and should yield 100 bushels 10
o.e acre Il IL worth 81 a bushol.
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1910-09-07
AIITANUM.

Mrs. Bannister, of New York City
who has been visiting her friend,
Mrs. Florence Hutchinson for the past
a visit, after which she will go to
California for the winter.
The ranchers are busy harvesting
their splendid crops of fruit and
grain. They are beginning to appre-
ciate the value OF the fine car SER
vice, which makes Ahtanum seem
like a suburb of the city; not only for
the convenience of going to town.
but in shipping apples and other pro-
duce, and in getting commodities
from town. The gasoline car often
takes so or more boxes of apples.
Orders are phoned in to merchants
and frequently the desired merchan-
disc is laid down at our station in less
than two hours. We have six reg
ular cars daily besides the many ex-
cursions; sometimes four or five a
day.
1t is evident that the Ahtanum peo-
pie appreciate having a store, by the
good trade the Dyes are having. and
the new goods comm" up nearly
every day.
Roy d. Bailey started on Saturday
morning for Seattle on a business
trip partly connected with the new
town site of Ahtanum. He expects
to be gone several weeks
The public school building Is be-
ing cleaned and renovated ready for
the fall term. Miss Miller of South
Dakota will be principal and Miss Eft
to ]. Mosier of Springboro, Penn, will
be assistant teacher.
Miss White, an intimate friend OF
Rev. Umstead and family, arrived
at the parsonage Thursday for a few
weeks visit. Mrs. Shannafelt is also
spending a few days with Umsteads
Work was begun on Friday on The
water works system for the new town
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1910-09-07

NJ Office OF THE CHANGE OF
Boundaries between the North
Yakima, Vancouver and Walla Walla
Land Districts in the State of Wash
ington Notice is hereby given that
the President of the United States
has, by Executive Order of June 10,
1910, in accordance with the provis-
ions of section 2253 of the Revised
Statutes of the United Safes, and by
virtue of the authority therein given,
directed that all that part of the
Yakima Indian Reservation situated
within the Vancouver and Walla Wal
la land districts in the state of Wash
ington be detached from said land
districts and attached to and made a
part of the North Yakima land dis
trict, and the business and archives
pertaining thereto transferred from
the land offices at Vancouver AMI
North Yakima. The change Of
boundary lines above indicated will
take effect on October /, 1910. The
Registers and Receivers of the land
offices at Vancouver and Walla Wal
Ia Washington, will transact no bus
iness pertaining to the lands referred
to after September 80, 1910. Given
under my hand at the City Of
Washington, District of Colum bia.
this fifteenth day of July, A. D. 1910.
FRED BENNETT, Commissioner Of
the General Land Office.
Sept. 7-14-21-28.
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1910-09-07
ExIONA.

The state bank examiner was here
Saturday and found everything con-
nected with our local institution in
first class condition.
Mrs. r. f. Donahue, of Otis Or
chards Wash, is here visiting her
mother, Mrs. T. Scott, and sister, Miss
Ruby
Ralph McAlpin, proprietor OF the
meat market, is treating the same
with a coat of paint, both inside and
out, and also putting in new fixtures.
Carpenters of the Northern Pacific
railroad We're here the latter part of
the week, putting in sidewalks across
the tracks and making general inn
provements around the depot.
The premises around the M. f.
church received attention the end OF
the week and bears a much improved
appearance.
j. NJ. and w. c. Warren were
employed the past few days putting
in readiness the school building fol
the opening of the term which be-
gins Tuesday.
The teachers are all here, the
are good for a prosperous schoo
year.
c. o. Kelso was at Badger the
latter part of the week looking aftei
the company's wheat interests.
Miss Pengrubber, of Prosser, spen
Sunday with her friend, Miss Gladly
De Moss.
Miss Lille V. Peterson visited IL
Prosser Saturday with her cousin
Miss Minnie Eastlund.
| Willard Eddy was a business Wis
itor at the county seat Saturday.
Miss Jones. of Prosser, one OF th'
teachers of our school, arrived Sat
urday.
Ed Smith, of the Rattlesnake sec
ton, was in Saturday after supplies
E. H. Gray, who has been spend
ing several months m the mountains
returned Monday.
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1910-09-07
COUNCIL TAKES LONG RECESS.
Continued from first page.)

and without which, the Floral assoc
iation's property would be worthless.
Following ernest appeals by Attor-
ney Ira p. Englehart on behalf of the
Naches Avenue Improvement club,
and Councilman Smith, chairman Of
a special committee on improvements,
the city council last night voted
$1,000 to make Naches avenue the
best lighted residence street in the
city. Cluster lights arranged on iron
poles 100 feet apart, or four to the
block, is the scheme called for in the
plans and specifications adopted in
the ordinance passed last night.
The fight which has been going on
in the council for some time, regard
ing whether the lighting system
should be paid for by the city or the
property holders, was driven into OBJ
livion last night after Attorney Engle-
hart had spent the better part Of 80
the system was needed and how over
taxed the property holders were, how
beautiful Naches avenue already is
and how much more beautiful it will
be when the paving and parking sys-
tenn is completed.
What objections to the city paying
for the lighting existed before Mr..
Englehart took the floor soon melted
for the ordinance was passed without
dissenting vote. The plans as
adopted, call for the lighting Of ten
blocks. the $4,000 to be paid in ten
yearly installments.
Following the reading of report by
Acting Fire Chief Dow, recommend
ing the installation of 80 new fire n.y.
drants, the council instructed City
Clerk BROKER to Immediately order
Is of the first number installed. The
council decided that in view of the
fact that their budget as prepared,
provided for only one half the num-
Der named by the fire chief. the num-
Der of new hydrants would have to
be held down at this time. They
agreed, however. that it would prob
ably be found imperative to go in
debt for several hydrants it being con-
coded that the number provided for
in the budget, is insufficient.
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1910-09-07
DOWLER ADDRESSES
UNION MEMBERS
Labor Leaders Have Pledge of
Candidates to Support Direct
Legislation Biz.

That victory has crowned the ef-
forts of the Direct Legislation league
in its fight for the initiative, referen-
dunn and recall, is the substance of
the announcement of Chairman D. H.
McNulty, that all local candidates had
been pledged to support this bill when
it comes before the legislature next
winter. Coming as it does on the
holiday especially dedicated to them,
labor leaders, who have been active
in the campaign. are greatly elated.
The parade, picnic and speeches
yesterday helped make Labor Day a
success. P. w. Dowler of Tacoma, ad-
dressed a large crowd at Sumach park
and defended the boycott as used by
labor. He declared that every pro-
fession used this method of warfare
which had been taught laborers by
capital.
He defended apprenticeship. and
declared 1t only right and reasonble
that labor should say when a man
was ready to practice his craft Law
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1910-09-07

greedy is to avoid any effective con-
troll either by state or nation; and
they advocate at this time state con-
troll simply because they believe 1t
to be the least effective. In the great
fight of the people to drive the spec
ial interests from the dominion of our
government, the nation is stronger
and it's jurisdiction is more effective
than that of any state. The most eff
fective weapon against these great
corporations, most of which are fin
anced and owned on the Atlantic
coast, will be federal laws and the
federal executive. That Is why 1 so
strongly oppose the demand to turn
these matters over to the states. 1. Is
fundamentally a demand against the
interest of the plain people, of the
people of small means. against the IN
terest of our children and our chill
dren's children: and it is primarily in
the interest of the great corporations
which desire to escape all government
control
The Conservation Fight.
One of the difficulties in putting in
to practice the conservation idea is
that the field to which it applies is
constantly growing in the public
mind. 1t has been no slight task to
bring before 100,00O,000 people d
great conception like that of conser-
walton. ana convince them that it is
right. This much we have accom-
plished. But there remains much to
be cleared up, and many msunder-
standings to be removed. These mis-
understanding are due in part at
least to direct misrepresentation by
the men to whose interest it is that
conservation should not prosper For
example, we find it constantly said by
men who should know better, that
temporary Withdrawals, such as the
Withdrawals of coal lands, will per-
manently check development Yet the
fact that these withdrawals have no
purpose except to prevent the coal
lands from passing into private own
ership until congress can pass laws
to open them to development under
conditions just alike to the public,
and to the men who will do the de-
veloping. If there is delay, the re-
sponsiblity for it rests, not on the
men who made the withdrawals to
protect the public interest but on
those who prevent congress from pas
sing wise legislation, and SO putting
an end to the need for Withdrawals.
The Yakima herald. [volume] (North Yakima, W.T. [Wash.]) 1889-1914, 1910-09-07
BENTON CITY.

Chief Engineer F. L. Pitman OF
the North Coast railroad and Peter
Eschbaugh, grading contractor of
the company, were here the latter
part of the week. While here Mr..
Pitman exhibited the blue print Of
the proposed depot. 1t will be two
stories in the main portion with a
wing on either end. The upstairs
portion. it is stated, will be used for
railroad office purposes.
Calhoun, Denny & Ewing, of
North Yakima, had a photographer
here lately taking views of the
principal places Of interest. The
pictures will be used in connection
with the bulletin display advertise
ments they are putting up in the
country.
Charles Crawford was a business