The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1910-08-14
I

Althorvrerimentils sciences have pa~s.Si
through three successive stages. long.
chaotic p"-lrd. during which the data 4
observation ami experiment. 'olt without
order ami connection In the mass "
human hnowl-ire ~" whole forming ~
IL were . gr'l' u"huIl which when tho
tim" comes crndru-"- round separate
nuclei: rho rariod whom between tho
Renaissance ami tho end II the eighteenth
century N" sciences wsr" separating
and crv-talli7inR: and the third sta &C.
upon which We are entering ~ the present
dsy. In this stage IN" sciences. separate
in N" past int"ru"n"trat" On" another
and through their broken down partitions
We perceive ~" gradual growth - tho
unity ~ science" Chemistry has no,
evad"d this law. Tu'il tho eighteenth
century chemistry vas limited 10 q tech
ni1ue scattered over ~" useful art-. and
we may. II "" like. trace hack the hrs,
chemical reaction ~ Promatheus. IN" in
ven,1r II Gre. ur ~ Tlh1l Cain. tho sixth
man after Mann and ~" creator ~ metal
mrgv Tho seventeenth century. thanks
90 tho "To-'s = Gahon Torrrsili. Dos
cart.- Pascal and newton saw the birth
~ mechanics astronomy and physics
calla-tiva .Tor' could call II into . vistence
FfcfaI'v no sciauc,g ever owed 80 much
80 single man ~ chemistry does 20
Iavoi-iar "" freed u from the last
trac" 81 retarhvsics and gave 70 the
notion - element precise meaning
Classical chemistry was evolved in the
course - q few wears. BIT We now par-
celve that classical chemistry IL chiefly
& { 81
those - natural history With BuTon and
Tinnsus n aims principally ~ taing a
description ~ chemical species a study
~ n" forms e equilibrium. ~ m1ttar
~ ordinary trmp"ratur"- But IL DELHI
eratelv neglected -" fundamental prob
lem tho study q reactions. In a reaction
n merely r"cogri2ed period - disturb
hnce which had to caps" hefure a new
state ~ equilibrium could rise. and u
hurried over 'h"-" p"riods - some bis
torians ar" wont ~ DO with IA" story ~
revolutions But d"-criutiy" chemistry
is NJ, dead science even now: IL IA alive
md frv"loplnR h"for" orIr eyes.
The hop" - industrial and therapeutic
applications stimulates tho peal - the dis
covcr.rs 81 r"u hudi"s and these hopes
find th.ir just Hcatrnn in ~" ~ PATENTS
cations Il chemistry II" recent prog
ress ~ phv-irs has also thrown open To-
classical chemistry a domain FUN - in
forrest Iu'tl Guit" recently chemists
were compelled hy their inability ~ oh
tain permanent high and low tsmpera-
lures 70 conHne thar attention 20 coin
pounds which r"ruain s'ahl" NJ laboratory
tsmpernturcs Npw we "an ma ntain for
ing from, ~ degrees b"low zero ~ 7 5OO
degrees Centigrads above ~: the use -
lIauid gases and - the electric furnace
has rendered rms service 20 SCIENCE. and
o,r dav has s""n ~" rlsa ~ the chemistry
~ int.u-n cold and - intense heat We
know uuN that urhs, NJ" cferrical ac-
tivi'v il not ,ur"u..d Within narrow limits
Matter presents different forms ~ epui-
lhirium ~ different temperatures. and the
number ant gar..'y II r,"s-.h tile chemical
Oouhrn1tirrs .-''u- enormously increased
FToru 'h.' N"g.uu,ugs - chemistry ~
a ac'"urr r fundamental d.s'nrtiun was
mad. n..tvr.u o." products - mineral
matter and 49," products - 4" elaborated
by animals l.I rlu'4 Thus separation
between .rgar.. and inorganic rh"nlstry
in,rrrs'i ..'' ''.. rrpgr"zz - ~" -ri.nc.
10 SUCH - dryr.., 'l.|r .'.r1. 49, yer" forced
~ the rnr.l.'.Hu that - rested IN ~"
Uwy 49,, u Things. 10 B"rth.lot ~
dfs ths hun.. 3 H..Iug established oy-
pertinent OFF,, rH. .."r",'.1n - ~" ~
frr-nt -..... 2 f..N.- pud shown 10
nImer. l.. ..,...- 'n' rl.-~ .bslrty - POSING
form morgan. matter 20 ~" products
- orr ,utc matter. thus ,uu-t iItIng tho
unity = chem -try anil "yp"lhng the
E-ffU .. I'll f...E- fr.I. the LtuguAg. -