Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-12-18

resulted In serious loss to
each. and the dispatch adds: This may
be merely the beginning of a bloody
campaign"
A dispatch from Rio Janeiro OF same
date declares that the mutinous marines.
after q loss of 200 killed and after kill
ing many citizens in the streets who
were looking at the fight, surrendered to
the government.
The Brazilian government has caused
its representatives in the United States
to correct certain statements Of the Lon
don press to the effect that the mutiny
involved the crews of all the seven men,
of-war in the harbor. The mutiny af-
fected only the soldiers of the marine
barracks on the Island Of Cabras and a
number Of the sailors of the scout cruiser
Rio Grande do Sui. The gravity Of the
situation, however, is confessed in the
following:
MANY bombs and shells fell on land.
damaging several public and private
shore numbered 200. The mutineers lost
800 dead and wounded and 200 arrested.
The government lost 100 dead and
wounded
1t win be recalled that this is a second
outbreak. The first was on the night of
November 81. when the crews Of the new
Brazilian dreadnoughts. Minas Geraes
and Sac Paulo, and other ships mutinied.
tho abolition of corporal punishment In
the navy. The mutineers held Rio under
tho threat of their guns. killing several
ofncers in the fight to obtain possession
Of the ships. They forced a reluctant
congress to yield to their demand. in
GLIDING amnesty to the mutineers. There
Is an important detail which conveys a
lesson which, following that of Portugal.
Is significant. Ioao Canafdo, who is the
leader Of the mutineers, Is a mulatto.
In view Of the foregoing. when there
is rebellion in Mexico and mutiny in
Brazil, the two states OF all the South
American republics We have been taught
to consider secure from rebellion and
Domain entitled 1.-THE United States and
the South American Republics is most
interesting and timely.
NJ. Firmin Roe begins his reflections by
tribute to North Americans, the mar
velous progress of the
Constitutions United States. prosper
Gus and successful democ-
BORROWED. racy, and he asks:
What relation is there between that
prosperity and the state of democracy
itself?'
The South American republics. the au-
thor maintains, have borrowed consti-
tutions which they have seen succeed in
other countries, and, without examining
them to learn of their suitability, have
adopted them. These constitutions con-
sisted Of universal suffrage, two cham
bers, all the exterior. in fact. of a
republican parliament. But look at the
reality. The past, which never loses its
right, weighs upon these nations artifi-
cially improvised, and instead of sus-
tanning them it crushed them.
NJ. Roc. with unusual perspicacity and
complete knowledge Of his subject, de-
clares that the crux of the difference be-
American republics lies in the fact that
in the former there is no mixing of race
with the native element. Amour propre,
pride of race or religious principle; these
Saxon.
According to NJ. RoZ. the vigorous ener-
gies of old Europe were attracted to the
United States, whose soil
Aristocracy was filled with infinite
r, riches. New Englanders
EVAnS~' and Virginians have
never ceased to exercise their action
over the rest and to infuse in the mass
a sense of order and law. Thus was
formed at an early day an aristocracy,
which has spread everywhere. 1t directs
education, social work. religion. colon
ization Of the west, and, after the war
of secession, the building up and de-
velopment of the great southland, and,
finally, the creation of a national liter
AZURE.
1T was not because it was democracy
that the United States have the strength
with which they are endowed and that
they have accomplished great things, of
M. Roc; lit was because they were ca
pable of accomplishing work which per-
mitted them to realize a democracy"
They have known how to preserve it
from direful consequences. They have
given to the state, whose authority rests
upon the election, the form which per-
mits it to be free; absolute separation of
its powers"
The presidential republic" according
to NJ. Roc, is more like a monarchy than
power he thinks Is stronger than in
monarchies in which the king reigns but
does not govern. The president governs;
he exercises the reality of power without
for a fact, since all the influence and all
the effective power are in the hands of a
few the most clever, the most hardy or
the best financiers. industrials, pioneers
and philanthropists Titles are hereditary
we are told, but is not fortune-mOney-
also hereditary? In truth the only forces
that lead the world are work. riches. tall
ents and virtue. One of the other domi-
mates according to the country and the
times The American aristocracy is
upon wealth and labor. 1t Is
more like other aristocracies than ore
may think.
But what is the use of theories. asks
M Roz when we are in the presence OF
facts? What the use of seeking to know
IL the United States have prospered be-
cause they are a democracy when the
same Is a we'll ordered and happy democ- |
racy. while fifteen other democracies are
unhappy and rent by revolution?
Brazil, says M. Roz, was very far above !
all her neighbors, but We are reminded
to bear in mind that |
Superiority Brazil I'll was an empire ia a .n
Of Brazil. decadence of her sister
states. due to a monarchical regime.
Mexico has found, We are reminoec !
also, since more than thirty years, force /
and peace under the dictatorship OF