davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Omaha daily bee., 1910-06-19
Test OF New Apparatus.

The French liner Provence arrived In New
York recently, having made a satisfactory
test on the trip across the Atlantic of an
apparatus which determines the direc-
ton of ship or land station
sendinf out wireless calls or mes
sages. The novel appliances, called the
Compass Azimutal Hertzennes, is the in
vention Of two young officers of the Italian
navy Signors Bellni and Tos and steam
ships of the French line have been placed
at their disposal for a year in order to
perfect the delicate electrical apparatus.
Captain Poncelet of the Provence, said that
the use Of the instrument would increase
the safety of travel on the sea 100 per
cent
The electrical. apparatus is connected to
sixteen wires hung. from spreaders aloft.
The instrument adjusted the placing OF a
telephone receiver TO the ear OF the opera
tor and slow turning of the arm OF the
circle OF the compass and the faint tick OF
the ship or station in the distance may be
heard. The index finger then points across
the compass card to the exact direction of
the sound.
The French government has equipped a
station with this system at Boulogne. and
while the Provence was less than half a
day out from Havre is communicated with
the Boulogne plant and got It's exact bear
ings from it Captain Poncelet said he
Omaha daily bee., 1910-06-19

various parts of the mine makes a strong
appeal to the mine owner and the protec-
ton afforded by telephones through quick
service in case of emergency, and the abil-
ity in case OF cavein to inform the rescu-
ing parties Of the exact location OF the inn
prisoned miner, are self-evident A number
of lives might have been saved at the
Cherry. mine II the imprisoned men could
have guided their rescuers The telephone
sets made for mine use are incased IN cast
iron boxes with a hard enamel finish
through which gases, moisture and acid
fumes cannot penetrate. Some have the
ringer in a separate box on the outside, but
also protected. The door to the box is
closed with a pin when the instrument Is
not in use. To make IT waterproof sec
ond door must be opened before the trans
mitter and other parts are accessible to
the trouble men or inspector The wires
are brought in through pipes. The ringer
armature and gongs are enclosed in a hood
that protects them while it does not muffle
the sound. Special treatment is given to
pieces of wire exposed. The metal parts
such as gong posts and bells are zinc and
copper plated, and the screws are of brass
reducing rust and corrosion to a minimum
Omaha daily bee., 1910-06-19
India,n OpIurn the ne.t.

why does China, which raises opium
itself. take Indian opium"
Because our opium is the best of the
world. We have one kind called Malwa,
which brings in something like Ss.OOO,0OO a
year. AS TO the Chinese, we have agreed
10 stop sending them opium if they will
stop using the drug In the space OF ten
years They must also stop raising opium
We have begun TO carry out our part OF
the contract and are gradually reducing
our manufacture and the areas planted.
II the Chinese do not carry out their
part OF the contract We shall continue 70
export and produce"
us much opium consumed in Indla?"
1T is used In every province, although
not to the extent OF China. The consume
ton is highest in Assam, where n
amounts 10 about seventeen pounds mar
1000 The United Provinces use somethIn1
like five pounds per 1000. and the people
OF southern India less The drug "a noN
smoked. but is usually taken In pAls and
sometimes Is drunk dissolved In water"
FRANK G. CARPENTER
Omaha daily bee., 1910-06-19
Photographs BIZ Electricity.


An important Improvement has recently
been introduced into the methods of trans
hitting photographs by electricity. in
vented by NJ. Belin some three years ago.
In this the Photographic image which is
to be reproduced is prepared in relief in
the form of a negative, with bichromatized
gelatine. This is rolled on a cylinder which
is rotated evenly by clockwork, and the re-
lief on II controls the strength of the cur
rent In the line, which in turn acts at the
receiving station on Blondel oscillo-
graph. BY this a beam of light is thrown
more or less obliquely on cylinder carry
ing sensitized paper and moving at the
SAME speed as the transmitting cylinder
The relief on the negative being proper
tonal to the intensity of the different
parts of the Photographic image, the latter
should be reproduced at the receiving sta
ton. Mr.. Belin's Improvement relates to
the transmitting arrangement According
TO his old method the relief actuated a
lever which governed a rheostat and thus
varied the strength of the current. His
new transm1tter is really microphone on
which the higher portions of the negative
press more or less strongly and thus in
simultaneously affect the current in the
line. The microphone consists of cylin-
drical box, with its bottom formed of a
disc of carbon. on this rests a thin in
sulating washer which is pierced with
three concentric rings OF equidlstant holes.
In three of these holes C2mm. In diameter),
chosen at the angles of an equilateral tri-
angle, are placed three grains Of carbon,
Comm. in diameter. light metal arm,
fixed to the top of this. carries a double
point which works over the relief of the
negative.
Omaha daily bee., 1910-06-19
The Farmer Is Che Big Man In India

comes from the Cir hills and others are
from the Sind, where they are owned by
Mohammedans, who drive them in herds
from one jungle pasture to another. the
Puniab has good dairy cows, but those Oh
Bengal are poor.
1--WE are having trouble in improving
stock of this kind. The Hindoos look upon
the cows as sacred and keep them when
they are manned, old and worthless and
give no return for the food they consume.
This reduces the grazing for the younger
animals We have tried TO improve the
stock by distributing fine bulls to the dis
trict boards. but so far no valuable results
have been reached. We find that the half
breed cattle are more subject to diseases,
and we now have veterinary departments
in each province. We have also govern
ment breeding farms stocked with cows
and bulls of the pure native breeds. Upon
Omaha daily bee., 1910-06-19
TeIephonc. In MInrs.

Telephone men say that within the next
ten years every mine OF Importance in the
country will be equipped with intercom-
municating systems. Following the disaster
at Cherry, says the New York sun, the
Illinois legislature passed law requiring
the installation OF telephone systems In
mines as a life-saving. precautionary meas
ure, and the value Of the law has been
such that other states and mine owners
are likely TO fall in line. The apparatus
manufacturers have been too busy getting
the demands Of the above ground fields TO
study the needs OF mines, and not until
within the last year has there been any
special effort to contriye apparatus that
would overcome the difficulties. II is now
believed that the former defects - tele-
phone systems for mines have been
remedied. The economy of time in com
municating by telephone with the various
foremen and superintendents and with the
Omaha daily bee., 1910-06-19
stock Farming.

what are you doing TO improve your
stock" asked.
I'VE have breeding establishments con-
nected with-some of the agricultural sta
tions and there is a breeding farm at
the Phipps Agricultural college. of which
1 have spoken. Many OF the provincial
governments hold agricultural shows.
prizes are given for the best bred ami
mails, and OF late dairy farms have been
started under government provisions. The
Bombay department established one some
years ago, managed by experts from
Sweden. There are also dairy farms in
the United provinces, and little ereameries.
where milk is cheap. All dairy machinery
is admitted free, and OF late separators.
churns and butter workers have been
largely imported. Much OF the cream goes
by rail TO the cities, and is there made
into batter which is sold fresh or put up
In tins and shipped over India. The native
butter. or CHI. is also made in large guam
Omaha daily bee., 1910-06-19
Indigo improvements.

These agricultural schools are making
valuable discoveries" continued Mr.. Miller.
Take the indigo crop. This was once prof
liable. and We had a monopoly OF the
worlds product. Then the German invented
q patented coloring matter called synthetic
indigo. 1t was made of chemicals, and
could be sold more cheaply than our in
digo. 1t was driving the Hindustan dye out
of the markets when we discovered that
by new methods OF cultivation We could
increase the yield so that we could COM
pete with the Germans. and our planters
are now making money. We had at one
time competition from America. In your
colony days you took to growing the
plant and manufacturing the dye. but you
soCn found that other crops paid better,
and the Indian production revived"
What is the extent OF the indigo farmsT''
I asked.
They have fallen off considerably with
IN the last twenty years. We had more
than a million acres under cultivation
ten years ago. and ten years before that
about 1000 square miles These areas have
been gradually reduced. until they are
new not more than one-half the extent
OF a decade ago. Many OF our planters
are now resuming the business and
we have perhaps farms TO the extent of
10000 acres in Bengal alone"
Omaha daily bee., 1910-06-19
started by An American.

"Our modern agricultural movement"
said Mr.. Miller, was practically begun by
an American. As far back as 1899 we have
had government expert to advise US as
TO matters of agricultural chemistry, and
We had begun some work along other
lines when one OF your millionaires, Mr..
Henry Phipps OF Pittsburg. came out to
India. He was a friend of Lord Curzon,
and as such he spent some time here at
Calcutta.
During his visit he became interested
in the condition OF the farmers and In
the terrible famines which now and then
overrun parts Of this country. He be-
lieved such things could be largely avoided
by the Improvement of our farming
methods. and he gave a donation of $780,
900 TO start an agricultural school and
farm here in Bengal. These were arranged
for by a council OF state, consisting OF
Lord Curzon. General Lord Kitchner and
other men OF experience Some OF the
ablest experts were hired and an up-to-
date Agricultural college established The
fund originally given by Mr.. Phipps has
been added to until We have now ex-
pended something like 100000 In building
up the institution. There is an expert
mental seed Improvement station connected
with II, ana also cattle preceding tartn.
There are laboratories OF various kinds,
and In them many chemists bacteriolo-
Gists, entomologists, horticulturists and
botanists. We have a department there
for veterinary surgeons The school is
teaching the natives almost everything
along the lines Of advanced agriculture as
adapted TO our special needs. 1t is at the
top of such institutions In the country,
and many OF its students are graduates OF
the provincial agricultural colleges
Omaha daily bee., 1910-06-19
Lighting Trains by EIcctrIcity.

Lighting Trains by ElcctrIcity.
To light a steam train, travelling at
nearly sixty miles an hour. with electric
ity would seem hardly possible, yet IL is
being done every day.
Electricity for use on a passenger train
is made right on the train itself. Mounted
on top of the huge locomotive boiler is a
small Curtis steam turbine engine no larger
than an ordinary train water cooler, taking
steam from the main boiler which swirls
a small but powerful electric generator
mounted on the same shaft with the NOV
ing parts of the turbine. This electricity
is carried through the train by concealed
wiring, where 1t Is used for lighting pur-
poses. Sometimes the Curtis train lighting
set, as 1t is called. Is located in one cor
ner of the baggage car and connected to
the locomotive boiler by flexible pipe.
The turbine set is so small that 1t takes
up no more room than a large trunk and
requires no attention whatever, once it is
started, as it is designed to run auto
maticaly.
AT first electric lighting for steam roads
was only used on the largest and fastest
through passenger trains but now 1t Is ex-
tending to the suburban lines. The Burl-
ington suburban lines out of Chicago have
been equipped with electric lights for some
time, as we'll as other interurban steam
lines about other large cities,
The greatest argument for electricity in
train lighting is in the case of wrecks.
With electricity, the instant the train is
wrecked, the lights go out. But with gas
or oil, the lamps continue to burn and in
a few minutes the whole train is burning,
preventing the work of rescuing the inn
and piped for gas lighting is exceedingly
dangerous in case OF accident. for the
flames have been known to follow the
broken pipes through the train. setting fire
to every coach and even causing disastrous
explosions.
Omaha daily bee., 1910-06-19
Palatial Roost for Birds.

Approximately S2JOOOO of the estate of
Thomas j. Emery, who was by far the
largest realty owner in Cincinnati, has been
set aside by his widow, Mrs Mary Emery
for the founding and perpetuation of a
home for birds. Mrs Emery has COM
pleted the purchase of tract of land in
Evanswood Place of about two acres and
has signified her intention Of turning It
over to the care of the department of BIZ
ology in the University of Cincinnati, This
ground is to be built up with different
kinds Of houses where the feathery tribe
can be sheltered. 1t will be made secure
against the invasion of cattle and small
BOYS, and there will be housed there pos
slbly 100 different kinds of birds and their
several species. In addition to this there
will be houses for the birds of mixed ma
tionalty" and places where these may DC
studied in their different classes and under
different conditions.
All the work of this gigantic bird colony
is 20 be done under the direction OF As
sistant Prof. H. NJ. Benedict Of the
department OF biology Of the University of
Cincinnati. lie says that this has been for
many years a kind OF meeting place for
the birds OF Cincinnati and that thousands
of them have gone there to rest ana 10
eat He says he will arrange a place where
they can rest undisturbed by passers by.
I'VE are in a new field as yet" said
Prof. Benedict we must study the best
way 10 teach birds TO congregate and nest
in a locality where they are safe. The
action Of Mrs. Emery was the first OF It's
kind to my knowledge in the world and Will
have a decided effect In aiding other com
munities. II will be known as The Mary
Emery Bird Preserve and we will take
special delight In showing II 10 all the
people who care to see it when It is finally
arranged"
Mrs Emery and her husband were both
great lovers Of birds.-Cincinnati Enquirer.
Omaha daily bee., 1910-06-19

vs2HS ton of an electrical process, the
invention of a Frenchman. The article de-
scriptive of this method Is as follows:
Short cuts toward seasoning timber
quired for joinery and cabinet purposes
have long been desiderata to the timber
trade, both at home and abroad. The in
creasing use of drying kilns, especially in
America, as a means of conditioning and
seasoning lumber. is evidence of the mod
ern-day desire to accelerate natures
somewhat tardy methods. 1t has been left
to a Frenchman t. devise a system which
is certainly somewhat startling, judged by
the canons of precedent. Still we live to
learn. and in these scientific days. as may
be expected. the agency which is to revo-
lutionize the tedious process of seasoning
timber is electricity, the method being
known as the Nodon- Brottonnean. The
timber is nearly immersed in a tank of
water containing 10 per cent of borax, 5
per cent Of resin and little carbonate of
soda and rests on lead plate connected
with the positive pole of a dynamo. An
other similar plate lying on the exposed
surface OF the timber is connected with
the negative pole. Thus a current of cleo
tricity can be played around the wood,
from which, it is said, all the sap appears
to be removed, while the boraX and resin
take its place in the pores. In few hours
the timber is taken out and dried-by what
means is not stated-and hey presto, the
seasoning is complete. Any of our readers
who possess a dynamo for power or light
ing purposes or who take a supply of cleo
tricity need not find the rest OF the plant
very difficult to obtain, and we shall be
happy to record the Sssuts of the expert
ment. The quick conversion of the sappy
parcel of Rio quality pitch pine deals or
~ some discolpred arclangel redwood into
serviceable timter is something worth
RchieYina -
Omaha daily bee., 1910-06-19
Cows Poor Butter N1aket

Sacred COVE POOr Butter Makers.
Are the sacred COWS of India good
milkers"'
, mot as a rule" was the reply, Our
cattle are raised chiefly for Work, and
the milk used by the natives comes largely
from buffaloes. Some Of our finest cattle
are from the north, and especially from
Rajputana. Mysore has some fine breeds,
but the COWS are poor mixers. There are
also good cattle in Madras. and in Cen
trail India. One OF the best milk breeds
Omaha daily bee., 1910-06-19

United states lie Is a bigger
NEER9l man in India. There are 2O,O00,-
CO. 90 Of him and he forms the back
Uunt "a the country. Today he is com
paratively quiet The great unrest that
is going on is mostly among the other
classes. 1t is fomented by the profes.
slonal men, clerks and graduates OF the
government schools, whose watkins de-
eBates are moving about among the agri-
cultural masses and stirring up trouble
one OF John Bulls biggest problems Is
TO keep the farmers attached to the gov
eminent, and the British officials are
doing all they can to this end.
l spent an hour the other day at the
agricultural department talking with it's
secretary, Mr.. j. o Miller, as to some
OF the movements. He tells me that the
government is awake to the needs of the
farmer and to what is being done for
them in other countries. He speaks
highly of our works along such lines. say
ing that the United States leads the ma
lions and that India is taking lessons
from us.
Mr.. Miller tells me that every province Of
this country has now its agricultural de-
partment and agricultural schools Each
is making a study of its own peculiar CON
ditlons, and doing what It can to improve
them. Nearly all have experimental farms
and are distributing seeds. Many are maxi
ing studies of the insect pests, and not a
few are trying to breed up the stock of
their respective territories. At the top of
the system is an inspector general OF agri-
culture, who acts as technical adviser to
both imperial and provincial governments,
and the chief agricultural experts of the
country have been combined into board of
agriculture, which meets at certain times
to discuss the farming situation and sub
init recommendations as to its improve
ment. Agricultural colleges have recently
been established in Madras, Bombay and
the united and central provinces, and there
are farming branches in nearly all the in
dustrial schools.
Omaha daily bee., 1910-06-19
Making New COttOns

Are you doing anything as to your
cottonf"
Yes. We are investigating the crop and
studying our soils and climate conditions
In connection with II. We raise. you know.
a short staple cotton, and our farmers find
Il more profitable In the long run. We are
trying 20 improve the staple by seed selec-
ton and by cross fertilization 1t is diff
cult TO persuade the farmers TO make such
experiments. although they are ready 10
Omaha daily bee., 1910-06-19

Opium and the Chinese Market.
Our conversation here turned to the eff
forts of China to abolish the use of opium
and asked Mr.. Miller whether this would
not seriously affect poppy farming in India.
Most assuredly 1t will" was the reply.
'If China stops using the drug the greater
part of our opium farms will be wiped
out and we shall lose large revenue. We
have agreed to cut down our production
and to restrict our importation to China
II the Chinese government can show that II
is really in earnest in abolishing the opium
evil. AS 1t is now we are getting a rev.
enue Of about $24, 900 per annum out of
opium. The loss of that sum will mean
much to the government 1t will also mean
the cutting down Of the government ser
vice, as we have number OF employees
who control the crop and manufacture IL
for shipment abroad"
How is the opium handled?'
ain British India it is a government
monopoly and 1t Is also raised in the native
states. AS to the product of the latter tho
government does not interfere, but It allows
no opium to come into or pass through the
British territories without payment of duty
THE amount of land under such cult
walton is comparatively small. In the
British territories it is not more than
600 square miles, or about equal to your
state OF Rhode Island. The government
decides what fields may be planted in
peoples and restricts these TO certain Sec
lions of Bengal and the United Provinces.
The cultlvators receive advances TO enable
them to prepare the ground and raise the
peoples but are bound 10 sell their whole
crop TO the official agents at the govern
ments price They send it to the fac
tories, where it is prepared for the mar
kets. 1t is there put up in chests and
shipped to Calcutta, where there are auc-
ton sales monthly for export abroad"
Omaha daily bee., 1910-06-19
The wheat Crop of India.


''Tell me something about your wheat
crop"
I'VE are increasing the area and our
facilities for handling the crop. We have
now something like 100000 acres in
wheat, and the greater part df that is in
the northern part of the country and
especially in the Punjab. Most OF the
wheat goes to Karachi for shipment to
Europe. 1t is taken from the farms to
the cars and shipped. without storage in
elevators. Indeed. II is question as to
whether the elevator system is not what
Wa need. That is a live question in India. -
How much does your wheat yield per
acre?"
ION our irrigated lands we can raise
from twenty to thirty bushels. but the
crop must be carefully cultivated and
MANFRED. and 1t must be watered three
or four times We SOW in October and
harvest in March. In most localities il
is reaped with slcl5les: it is thrashec
with bullocks and winnowed In the wind
Much OF the blowing Is done with wooden
plows, and altogether the cultivation rs
primitive.
"Our agricultural stations are now do
ing all they can to introduce modern ma
chinery They advise the use of iror
pows and OF reapers and thrashers. They
show the farmers how to use such ma
chimes and encourage competitive trial!
on the part OF the dealers in the different
makes
I'VE are also testing as to artificial
manures India produces but little barn
yard fertilizer. The droppings of the cat
tic are used for fuel. and the averaS,
peasant gives almost nothing back to tn,
soil The stations are distributing leaflets
describing improved farming and gvinl
suggestions. Yet it is difficult TO max,
the ryots, as our farmers are called. un
dertake any new methods or try new
seeds"
Omaha daily bee., 1910-06-19
farmers Wife and Daughters

tributed to the districts where horses are
bred. We find that the Arabs and thor
oughbreds form the most desirable sireS.
We have also thousands OF registered
mares. Horse breeding II encouraged by
prizes offered at fairs, and by the purchase
OF good stock by the government We have
altogether a million or so OF horses and
ponies IN India. We are also breeding
mules for military purposes and have some
thing like 500 donkey stations. many Of
which have been imported from Cyprus
and Italy. We get them also from Spain.
Persia and America. We have about 1900
pony mares and a large number of donkey
mares as WE'LL"
Omaha daily bee., 1910-06-19

believed the continuance told the direction
of station or ship equipped with wire
less within point and that he believed
collisions at sea between vessels fitted
with such direction finders would be i'm
possible in fog or shine. He looks on the
system as likely to revolutionize transat-
lantic navigation, already made safe except
in thick weather by the ordinary wireless,
not to mention the submarine bell system.
Omaha daily bee., 1910-06-19
Wide Variety of Everyday Uses Electricity

are more than five million telephones in
use in this country earning $15O,OOO.OOO an
nually.