Middletown transcript., 1910-08-20
FARM NEWS AND VIEWS


> of manure, the bulk of which could b
saved. Il is said that ia Germany every
! ounce Of soil fertility is scrapulously con-
} served.
Ono authority, 10 speaking of the prac.
! tices in America, says that in ton of ma
} nure hauled on to the field from 10 TO so
per cent. Of its fertilizing value becomes
dissipated through teaching, firefanging
or lack Of provision to absorb or conserve
the animal urine. Take, as an instance,
the case OF urine alone: A COW will pro-
duce 40 to 80 pounds Of solid manure 9
day, bat che viii also make from 20 to 80
pounds Of urine. and fully half Of the nit.
rogen in her ration goes into shat urine.
II is not infrequent 60 see no attempt
being made to save this portion of the
manure in spite Of the fact that it is
richer in both nitrogen and potash than
is the dung, and that these fertilizers are
more available for the plant in the urine
than in the dung.
Should the manure be piled against the
side Of the barn, as is more OF less com.
mon practice among farmers, where the
water from the caves Of the roof can drip
on it, or il il Is piled on . slope or other
exposed places, every heavy rain washes
out large quantities Of nitrogen and pot.
ash. These leached chemicals are the
most valuable portions Of the pile, the
most available for plant forcing.
Another common source of loss is that
incurred by beating and fsrmenting. Ma.
nure put In piles soon heats and throws
off more or less gas and Vapor. The fer
mentation which produces these gases is
caused by the action of bacteria or minute
organisms. The bacteria which produce
the most rapid fermentation in manure,
in order TO work their best, require plenty
Of air, or, more strictly, oxygen. Conse-
quently, fermently, fermentation is more
rapid in looseIy.piIed manure. Heat and
some moisture are necessary for fermenta.
ton II the manure is wet fermentation is
checked for the reason that the tempera-
ture is lowed and much OF the oxygen
(air) lie kept out of the pile The odor of
ammonia, so noticeable about stable, is
evidence Of the fermentation and loss 60.
ing on.
These authorities say that fresh manure |
loses in the process Of decay from 20 to
20 per cent. Of its original weight Some
tests conducted by the Cornell Expert.
msnt Station showed that two tons Of
horse manure exposed in a pile for five
months lost 81 per cent. of its gross
weight, 60 per cent. Of its nitrogen, AZ
per cent. Of its phosphoric acid and 76
per cent. of its potash. Five tons Of COW
manure exposed for the same length of
time in compact pile lost, through leach.
ing and dissipation Of gases, 40 per cent.
in gross weight, II percent, OF It's nitrogen,
10 per cent. of its phosphoriC acid and
per cent. Of its potash.
A ton OF average fresh horse manure,
from animals fed an ordinary balanced
ration, contains about 10 pounds nitrogen,
5 pounds phosphoric acid and 10 pounds
potash.
The calf must be fed right If you want
to get the most out Of il when grown up.
Teach the calf to drink its milk from
the first day. It can never learn this art 90
easily afterward.
Whole milk may be fed to the calf un.
til its mothers milk is fit to save. After
that skiLnmilk, and warm from the seps-
rator is all right.
Il will not pay to feed calf whole milk
six or eight weeks and then sell il for
veal. That costs more than it comes to.
Till the calf lie one week old it should
be fed from three to five times a day.
With its mother it would naturally feed
little at q time and often.
Never feed cold milk 70 q calf. That
will chill its stomach and iniure the di.
gestion, causing serious trouble, from
which it is hard to recover.
The calf should have grass or hay to
nibbls at when three or four weeks old.
Thus ita hunger can be appeased and it's
feed given less often,
Complete fertilizer lie a general name
applied TO ell fertilizer which contains
phosphoric acid, potash and nitrogen.
This name does not in any way indicate
how much Of each element is found in the
goods.
Owing 10 Its abundance, straw is added q
to barnyard manure, but it can be made G
more servicesble II made fine with the 1
feed cutter before being used. While 6
straw may soon rot after being mixed with :
yet in q fine condition it 10 I
much better absorbent and can be forked !
into the manure with advantage. When
loading and spreading manure there 10
saving Of labor when handling that which
is fine, and the manure will be more val.
uable because the loss OF ammonia will {
be arrested by the use Of suitable absor- 8
bent materials. q
At she Geneva On. Y. Experiment !.
Station 1t was found shat thr Jersey cows !,
drink the most, 6,25 pounds Of water to
one of milk produced ;the Gusrnseys came
next; she shOrthOrns, Devons, Holsteins
and Ayrshires after them in diminishing
order. Milking COWS will drink so per :
cent more water than dry ones. !.
Probably she census to be taken this ]
year will show about 200, 900 more farmers I
than at the time of the census ten years q
ago, and the total should be about 6, 6,0OO,-
900 farms and the corresponding number
Of people employed in agricultural pur.
suits. ANY increase in number is owing,
not only to new farms taken up, but to
further division Of farms in the older c
sections. It
Il is claimed that Rev. Benjamin N.
Nyce, Of Lecatur comfy, Indiana, was
lie ffrst man 10 apDlv Fafriperakion 70 Aha Y