davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24
RAISE MORE MARKET POULTRY.

1t has been asked, will the fancy
eventually be driven to the wall by
the progress made in growing market
poultry? Certainly not. We need
fanciers-real fanciers. We want men
to create breeds and to perfect the old
ones. But the speculator and huck-
ster is fast seeing his finish.
The man with string of breeds is
not fancier. He is Spectator. 1t
would be next to impossible for him
to give each Of these breeds his best
attention.. To thoroughly know a
breed, and to get out Of it all that is
good in 1t would require an ordinary
life time.
Amateur fanciers will often buy
culls from a breed we'll advertised and
then advertise eggs for Matching from
so and SOS strain. The man Is a
worse enemy of the fancier tnan the
man who breeds dunghill fowls.
A wonderful interest has sprung ur
in poultry matters. Large sums OF
money are being invested. and poul-
try farms by the score are started.
These new farms are on the lookout
for utility stock. The man who car
advertise big egg records generally
gets the trade. They want carcasses
and egg records-busines poultry. Sc
the best advice to the beginner is tc
| Join the utility ranks and raise poultr!
| and eggs for market. Then, in after
years, he can, il he feels SO inclined
gradually creep up into the fancier's
fold. 1t is a step that cannot be has
tily taken.-Michael X. Boyer.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24

hauled away from their back door and
for five years all his spare time both
winter and summer was devoted to
this task.
The manure spreader was not
known at that time, but he continued
to pile the manure upon his acres by
the forkful, until his neighbors began
to make fun of him. Some of them
declared that he would destroy his
farm by making it manure sick 7"
but the Pennsylvania man smiled and
kept his wagon going to the livery
stables and back to the farm with its
heavy load.
He was among the first farmers in
the State to buy a manure spreader
when they came in style.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24
REASONS FOR PRUNING ORNAMENTAL TREES
IF ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS ARE TO BE OF GOOD SHAPE
AND MAINTAIN A HEALTHY GROWTH THEY
PRUNED
BY J. j. rhornber. Univ. of Arizona.

nearly equal angles about the trunk,
and not lie in the Same horizontal
plane. If handled in this manner such
trees as the ash, locust, mulberry,
cottonwood and sycamore will need
little further attention for some years.
and will usually develop into pleasing,
symmetrical forms. When small trees
are used, considerable pruning is often
needed in first few years after plant
ing on account of excessive growth
induced through climatic conditions,
cultivation, enriched soil. or extra
water supply. This growth commonly
manifests itself in water sprouts, over
development of the head causing top
heaviness and leaning, or in extra
gr VT h in occasional vigorous
branches in one part of the plant or
another, all of which tend to destroy
the otherwise natural form or SYM
metry of the tree, unless corrected by
careful pruning. The much planted
and justly popular pepper tree is a
notable example of the above. due
partly to it's soft, yielding wood. On
this account during its first years
cutting back and thinning out of the
crown is necessary, in addition, to Sc
cure bracing of the trunk.
1t is justifiable at times to resort to
induce a denser growth, or where
trees have become too tall to be In
harmony with their surroundings
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24
TO BECOME A GOOD FARMER.

The man who wants to become q
good farmer must not make the mis-
take of hiring out to a poor one.
Never work for man who cannot
teach you something about the bust
ness The successful farmer does not
succeed by sheer luck. He succeeds
because he knows how to farm better
than his neighbors or because he
makes better use of common methods.
The man who learns his secrets will
add to his own value and be able to
earn better wages or succeed when he
goes to farming for himself. The
hired man who Is working for wages
alone and has no ambition to become
an expert in his business has no SYM
pathy from me. If he has the oppor-
tunity to learn the secrets Of the sue
cessful farmer who employs him and
does not do so he will be a failure
The secret Of any successful business
ia information and the man who
knows his business from every angle
whether he is a farm hand or rail-
road president and then puts ginger
and common sense in his work. will
win as he deserves.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24
CELERY NEEDS MOISTURE,

All celery varieties like a rich and
moist (not wet) soil. When the soil
is dry, water must be supplied by ir-
rigation or other ways, else the plants
will suffer. For the early crop / SOW
Golden elf-Blanching or White
Plume seed in flats under glass along
in February and transplant the young
seedlings either in nursery rows rather
thickly to make plants for retrans-
planting, or at the right distance in
the rows and proper width between
the rows to grow the crop. From ak
to eight inches is about right from
plant to plant, and three to four feet
from row to row. II the plants are to
be blanched by means Of boards.
which to me seem to be the simplest
method. For the late crop Giant Pas
cal or some other green celery Ia Sc
lected. and seed planted usually In
plant beds in open ground in July,
or perhaps even August, the plants
are transplanted, and set in well-pre-
pared soil, with about eight inches Of
space between the plants, and four
feet or more space between the rows.
Neither patch should ever be permitt-
ed to suffer from lack Of water
T. Greiner
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24
SELECTING A BRooDER.

In buying a brooder the chief
points to be observed are: A good
lamp, a heating device giving off the
heat from a central drum, and an ar
rangement which facilitates easy
cleaning.
The brooder should be large, hay
ing not less than nine square feet of
floor space. The work demanded of a
brooder Is not as exaoting as with an
incubator. The heat and circulation
OF air may vary little without dam
age but they must not fail altogether.
The greatest trouble with brooders
in operation is the uncertainty Of the
lamp. The brooder-lamp should have
sufficient oil capacity and a large
wick.
Brooder-lamps are often exposed to
the wind, and, If cheaply constructed
or poorly enclosed, the result will be
a chilled brood of chicks. or perhaps
fire.
The chief thing sought in the inter
nal arrangements of a brooder Is a pro-
vision to keep the chicks from piling
up and smothering each other as they
crowd toward the source of heat.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24


had 70 healthy trees which produced
big crops every other year with fair
yields between.
AT first he hired two men to help
him and he kept them busy winter
and summer. Later he hired another
and yet another and still there seemed
to be more work to do than ever
before.
He plowed out the idle fence rows,
every dead tree. He opened up the
water bitches and put wire fences in
place OF the old rail harbors for In
sects.
The young farmer closely followed
the methods of his father and with
such good effect that within six
years after he had bought this worn
out old farm he had completely re-
stored its fertility and transformed 1t
into a thrifty, clean, well-managed,
profitable farm.
His corn yield had been brought UP
from 15 bushels to 80 bushels per
acre. He raised 200 bushels of pota-
toes per acre. His wheat ran from
90 to 35 bushels and his oat crops
were the largest IN the township.
He sold little grain excepting wheat.
All the rest was fed to cattle, hogs,
sheep and poultry and not pound of
fertility was allowed to escape.
Today the farm is worth several
times the sum he paid for it and 1t is
growing in productiyeness and value
every year.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24
RESTORING A WORKOUT farm
This Can Be Done by Putin Into the Ground More Fer
tility Than Is Taken Out by the Crops
BY r.. S. Taylor.

A number of years ago o young
Pennsylvania Dutchman bought 800
acre farm in one Of the southern
counties of Indiana. This farm had
been run down until by the old meth
DDS Employed, it was not possible to
make living on it, and the owner
had been compelled to sell because of
sheer poverty.
The father of the young man who
bought the farm had become rich on a
farm most of which had been dug out
of the hillside. He began gradually
to improve the condition of the soil
by blowing little deeper every time.
He started three years rotation of
crops blowing under the stubble on
the corn land to add humus. He
Bowed clover every year on new
ground
When the Indiana farmer sold at
auction his belongings, when he left
the place, he had less than a dozen
animals all told. The Pennsylvania
man went in debt for half dozen
cows, fifty head of sheep and dozen
brood sows. In three years he had
increased this number three or four
fold.
He made arrangements with. the
livery stables in the country town
four miles distant to keep the manure
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24
THE CARE OF HORSES.

Every stockman knows how incon-
venient a stiff new rope halter can he.
New rope may be made as pliakl"
old, 1t rs claimed, by simply boiling
for two hours in water. Then hang :
in warm room and let it dry J.
thoroughly.
before using a horse that, s'o7,|""s
from eating clover, will prevent tho
unpleasant loss of saliva.
On the appearance of any lunn
about the legs of horse, It Should he
bathed diligently with water as hot
as can be borne. What might de-
ve]op into a SPAWN may sometimes in
this waF be checked at the start.
For lice on horses, take half n plat
of kerosene in two gallons OF wa."",
and wash the horse with this iw,.".
with an interval of two or three Gii, /
between the applications.
To cure mango rub on oil oftar n'a
ounce, and whale oil two ounces Or
one-half pound each Of tar and SUI
phur, and one pound each OF soap an
alcohol.
In all cases boil all blankets. g.
treat with a strong solution of causti1
potash all woodwork, harness, brushes
combs and whatever can be affected
with the germs.
To cure a horse of the habit of paw,
ing fasten a short piece of log chain.
say five or six links-by means o. !.
light strap to his leg, Just above tho
knee--in the stable of courEe-an,!
see how quickly he will leave off tho
| habit,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24
DAIRY NOTES.

A Babcock tester can be bought for
from 81 up. and the man who first uses
one on his cows should prepare him
self to change his opinion Of some Of
them.
1t isn't always the big mixer which
shows best when the tester is used.
Professor Err says the civilization
of a people can be determined by the
quantity of milk they use. Sure, only
highly civilized people keep cows that
give enough milk to make it worth
while to get into the habit of making
butter and cheese.
The Separator is a mighty good
thing Notwithstanding what the sepa-
rator manufacturers say about each
others machines
The man who feeds each cow by the
same rule will never get the mast out
,-s his herd.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24
FOR THE SWINE BREEDER.

Hogs fed on corn meal and tankage
require great deal Of water and this
adds to the digestibility of the feed
and helps to make gain.
A hog will eat almost anything
when very hungry, but his appetite
should be tempted with palatable food
If he Is to make the greatest possible
profit.
The fact that hogs require great
deal of water makes feed fed as slop
more desirable than dry feed.
Southern farmers have learned that
feeding cotton seed meal In large
quantities is bad business as 1t often
leads to fatalities. Fed in small guam
titles, however, with corn and alfalfa
it Is beneficial.
One good way to feed alfalfa during
the winter is to chop 1t into about
inch lengths. Soak it in hot water or
steam it in a barrel or tank.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24
DEEP BURROWS.

With hogs selling above SO in the
Chicago markets they are better than
4 per cent railroad stocks, even IL corn
Is high
Isn't 1t shame that the wheat lands
of this country produce an average Of
only about ~ bushels per acre?
The man who sells his calves for
veal and his young steer for other
people to breed is robbing his own
family.
The girl who has learned to make
good bread will bring to her husband
than the girl who has learned to play
classical music on the piano.
The man who keeps cattle, hogs
and sheep and owns manure
spreader will never be in fear of the
fertilizer trust.
You can breed the nubbins out OF
the corn just as easy as you can breed
the scrub COWS out of the dairy herd
We have seen millers in Illinois
dump the bran into the creek because
nobody wanted to buy it. But that
was thirty years ago-they don't do II
now.
The gasoline engine, valuable as II
Is, will never entirely take the place
Of really good horses on the farm OF
anywhere else.
The hired man who shirks or lodges
his work to save a backache will never
be anything but a hired man.
1t is not good policy to keep a boy
on the farm II he has the ability tt
earn the wages of dozen hired mer
| in the ctty Let him go.
If your best brown mare is worth
5000 to the man over in the mex
township you may be sure she is worth
more than that to you-keep her.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24

An old apple orchard on the place
at one time consisted of 2O3 trees IN
good condition but the Pennsylvania
man found less than 100 alive and
many of these were so choked with
sprouts and injured by insects that
they bore nothing.
He cut down all the dead trees and
patiently pruned the live ones, scrap
ing away the dead bark, whitewashing
the trunks-spraying was too new for
him then-and within five years he
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24
FEEDING THE CALF.

The calves should be we'll fed, but
lot of calves are fed to death -Four
quarts of skim milk a day is enough
for four-weeks-old calf. AS soon
as any sign of bowel trouble shows in
the droppings reduce the quantity OF
milk. Give a calf all the hay and
bran 1T will eat and let 1t run on
grass, but do not overfeed on skim
milk. The calf that is reared
naturally gets only small quantity
of milk at time and the wild COW
does not give much at any time.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24
IN THE POULTRY YARD

In figuring the profit on your poul-
try you should always give credit for
the fertilizer they produce which is
the most valuable manure on the farm.
You can start in the poultry bust
ness with q dozen fowls. at cost >of
about $500 for house and yards. A
piano box will cost a dollar and the
wire fencing about $500 more.
Any farmer with so acres of land
ought to raise 200 chicks every year
and make profit on them of $1.00 a
head.
The drinking vessels ought to be
scalded with boiling water after being
rinsed with cold water at least once
every day.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24

There Is no excuse for not having
perfectly well ventilated poultry
houses because they are inexpensive
and require not much time to build
them Warmth in the poultry houses
should be sacrificed for ventilation II
that Is necessary.
Poultry houses that are too close
and too warm are worse than those
that are supposed to be too cold. A
few years ago the egg record-breaking
hen roasted all winter on the top of a
coal shed.
If your flock Is composed of half n
dozen different breeds, most of them
mongrels. sell off the whole bunch
and start at once with pure bred eess
nd a few well bred fowls.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24

The proper use of cement supplies
so many needs on the farm that the
following article on cement brick
making, is sure to be of great value to
every ingenious farmer.
Cement brick may be easily made
on the farm, and used for all purposes
for which clay brick, or stone are now
used, and they may also be used for
some things that clay brick or stone
could not be used for. The cost in
most cases will be less than the clay
brick.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24

ter. Harsh and unmusical It may be,
perhaps, but full Of suggestion for one
VINO loves the wild, and lie in the
woods and on the water
The young are easily tanned and ac-
customed to the presence of man. vet
must be clipped regularly and watched
closely, or some day they may yield In
stinctively to the "call of the Wild
and join passing flock Of their un-
tanned brethren on their way south or
north.
Il have received as high as ten
dollars apiece for my young birds
ready for use as decoys, and Ave dol.
lars pair for table use, saws the
owner of this flock. mot a bad In.
vestment, seeing that they cost me
nothing, at the start"
And 1t would certainly seem that he
has suggested means of earning ar
extra penny, not to be despised. These
birds are very hardy, and able tc
thrive under the most untoward cir.
cumstances. They will even pick ur
a living unassisted on what greer
food they can find, If no better is Al
hand. They are also quite prolific
and rapidly increase in mum bers, ant
are In no way harmful or vicious
though the gander will bravely defent
his mate while sitting, and it is beg
not to approach the nest at such time
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24

Some people have yet to learn that
ducklings and goslings must have
water at hand when fed because they
always drink as they eat taking a few
mouthfuls of feed and then sip OF
water.
Some breeders claim that eggs can
be selected from which males and fe-
males can be Matched at will. Old
hens mated with Cockrels produce
about 75 per cent pullets, while mat
ing pullets with old cocks give a
greater per cent Of cockrels.
If you will number your hens with
a leg band and keep a little book re-
garding each fowl you will find tho
work to be doubly interesting.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24

of one part cement to three or 1uu-
parts coarse, clean sand. Mix dry am
add water until 1t is of the consistency
of thick jelly and will hold Its shape
when squeezed in the hand
Before laying the brick III the wall
wet them thoroughly and keep them
we'll dampened while drying for at
least ten days. While 1t Will De pos
sible to handle them and If necessary
lay them in the wall when only ten or
fifteen days old, they will ret be err.
tireiy hardened for several months.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24
BY r. B. Buckham, Salem, Mass.

built rude nest on the ground, in a
secluded end Of their pen. which their
owner had taken good care to provide
and make appear as out of the way
as possible to prove attractive with
them for this very purpose, and before
long he had brood of nine goslings
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24

According TO government reports
the total value of the horses, mules,
mich cows, cattle, sheep and swine in
the United States was on January l.,
1910, S5,13S,4S6,000. This is an in
crease of s613,227, 900 since January
l, 1909.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24

idle" gossip works overtime to
bring sorrow to innocent hearts, while
truth Is always a iaggard
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24

1t is a wise man who acknowledges
his mistakes-Fools seldom change
their minds.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-02-24

running about the yard and pen, as a
result of the forethought with which
his plans had been laid.
Thus his little flock of wild geese
had it's beginning. I love to see them
about" he says, land hear their clat-
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1910-05-20

Tribune Want Ads.
Poll Min 500 independent 500,
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1910-05-20

opened, When the open hearing began
Chairman Nelson instructed the clerk
TO read a letter from Secretary Bal
llnger, IN which the latter stated that
IN response TO the verbal request of the
committee his assistant, Mr.. Finney. had
gone Though his personal and conf
Dental tlle index in An effort to locate
any letters not already made public be-
tween himself and George w. Perkins
of j. p. Morgan & Co.
Mr. Ballinger wrote that Mr.. Finney
had found nine letters between himself
and Perkins regarding the naming Of
two glaciers and ford which Per
klns thought he had discovered while
on trip TO Alaska last summer Mr.
Ballinger wrote that no other letter
had been found.
Chairman Nelson announced that the
committee had decided that the letters
were not of such Importance as to war.
rant their being made public
Mr.. BrandeIs inquired the date OF the
letters and was informed the first from
Perkins was dated December 20, 1909,
and the others were written subse-
quently.
Sutherland Grows Weary.
Senator Sutherland protested that
Mr. Brandels was consuming time on
an unImportant matter, but the attor-
ney explained that his purpose was 10
Locate two other letters from Perkins
10 l53l1nger. one dated June 10, 1909.
ana the other written some time in Sep
t.mber ast. The first letter, he said,
was one In response to which Ballinger
wrote on The following day expressing
regret that his son, Edward, would be
unable to accompany Perkins on his
trip TO Alaska
Mr.. Brandeis said ho had reason TO
believe there was another written by
Perkins TO Bsllinser in September. but
he did not indicate Its nature.
Mr.. F'inney promised 10 mako further
search Of the files in nm effort 10 locate
the two letters
The cross examination of I4awler was
Mr.. Brandeis asked the witness why In
his letter responding to his (Brandois)
last request TO the interior department
for a copy OF the JaWlcr memorandum
he had not stated that he had not delIv-
cred the original or a copy TO the presi-
said he had delivered the memorandum
to the attorney general and had retained
no copy
''I didn't think 1t material"
Mr.. Brandeis asked tho witness n he
thought he had been frank In his answer
Mr.. Lawler said his confidential reIa-
tions with the president had been consid-
cred by him.
why did YOU accompany Ballinser on
his trip To Beverly
~ was directed by Secretary Ballln-
did the secretary say why he de-
sired You To accompany him.
''Hc didn't say"
Mr. BranGeis called the attention Of the
witness 10 a telegram sent from Seattle
by Mr.. Ballinger TO Assistant Secretary
Pierce on August 80 last, which read:
Must see Lawler before his departure.
Hold reports Cunningham matter"
Asked why Ballingsr wanted TO see
him. the witness said he did not recall.
Ibid II have anything TO do with
Harry White, an Alaskan coal CLAIMANT
"It did not
Did 1t have anything to do with Per
kins?''
'No: I had never heard of Perkins In