The Evening standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1910-1913, 1910-10-08


very satisfactory and economical ma
- terial for almost every Kind of con-
struction upon the farm, whether II be
foundation, floor a fence post; n wall or
n walk; TANK n bridge. a great point In
favor of concrete IS that its use may be sue
ccssfully learned by any careful man and that
a skilled mechanic need not be employed. cx-
cept perhaps for one short Job.
When to this economy is added tho fact
that many farmer has suitable sand OF
gravel upon his own promises. or can pro-
cure them cheaply I'm the neighborhood, IL iS
seen that concrete is much cheaper than
brick or stone. while in many cases II serves
the purpose much better, as in dairy floors.
which should be kept clean. in walks and
walls where a smooth surface is desirable
and In places subject to dampness where
wood IS liable 10 rot.
Along with the more thorough mcthoos
employed, and the accumulation OF farm
profits during the past decade has como the
ambition and the means for permanent build
ing. The high prices OF lumber turn the
mind all the moro decidedly in the Same
direction. Now that the complete success
and great adaptabillty OF concrete upon tho
farm have been demonstrated. II seems 1T
Ting to give some detailed instruction con-
cerning its
Mono but Portland cement should be used
wherc frst-class work is required. and most
yellow streaks In the cement Indicate under
burning and inferior quality. Extreme fine
ness is a test of the cement that Will make
the strongest concrete. and practical builders
agree that 80 por cent of the cement should
pass through a wire sieve OF No 30 gauge
The sand used should be clean, sharp and
not too fine. AS a test for loan or organic
matter, rub the sand In the hands If much
loan Is left upon the hand the material is
unfit for concrete. II large handful of tho
sand when thrown into pail OF water
makes the water muddy. discard the sand
Put a quantity of sand into a glass jar and
after shaking allow the contents to settle
If much OF a deposit of loan appears above
the sand the latter Is hardly fit for making
concrete. small amount of clay Is allow
able Dry sand Is best and IL necessary a
drying process should be used Loamy sand
or wet sand wcakens the concrete,
Crushed rock is much better than screened
gravel because of the rough edges of the
former. Discard any rock which has in II a
soft sandstone. There three commercial
grades of crushed rock. known as, first, No. 2
all of which is too large TO pass through
IL Inch opening. and small enough to pass
through a Pinch ring; second. No. l. which
will pass through Il Inch opening and Is
free from screenings and third screenings.
which are OF the same size as the common run
of sand. and used in place OF sand. No
is required for walks fence posts and other
work of the greatest strength. No 2 may
be used for the coarse work OF foundations
For making the strongest concrete mix
lures the screenings should be separated
from the crushed rock before mixing. and IL
the screenings are to be used the cement
should be mixed first with them and the
stone added aftcrward. 1t is well to wet the
stone few hours before using, as dry stone
will take moisture too rapidly from the
cement mortar satisfactory concrete is
made by first mixing the stone. sand and