davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-12-20
CiFITts-NiLL TRt ST ON ItsEt
EHIsACCD-IRIST Plan.

The proposition 10y the Dukes and
their American Tobacco trust assoc
ciates TO organize u cotton-miU trust
on the same plan OF the tobacco trust
* communicated to the public. coupled
With the p~hilanthropic suggestion that
only in this way can the cotton-mi1ling
Industry be made prosperous, and only
by the use Of their method can the
Chinese trade be regaiDed for south
ern cotton mills. The suggestion
comes at a time when our cotton mills
have been going through their worst
period OF depression, and when the
cottOn-mill owners and employees
have been on half rations. 1t is ever
in these times hat the money lords
come forward to monopolize a great
industry and pose as philanthrOpists.
One Of the most useful State Scna-
tors in North Carolina. who in two
sessions OF the General Assembly tried
III vain 10 get an effective antitrust
law n to regulate the coming water
power trust, which he foresaw, in a
private letter to the editor, received
yesterday, said:
some OF the Iar-seeing ones ono
sarcasm ~intended1 shifted the danger
afar off during the session of the last
Legislature, when it became known
that the water power of the State and
the South was being bought Up by the
Southern Power Company, "a subSili-
any OF the American Tobacco Com
paDF. Tho conservatives were dis.
posed 10 rilicule the expressed fears
Of the more RADICAL who were re-
garded as OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES or dema-
gogueS. The cloud which some bought
they tDcn saw vas sn1a1l-nOt larger
than a mans hand-but it has grown
sons in the last two years, and TO-DAY
we see practically all OF our water
power owned by this CORPORATION.
Now a merger Of AL the cotton mills
that DO an export business is proposed.
and the establishment OF depots, ware
houses. eic., III China for the handling
and sale 81 all the output Of he
merged mills is to be a part Of the
scheme.
IT is said that this is no new
sc:ier2e, but that it has been in con-
temptation for SeVaral years; that the
mills, during their period of ~prosperI-
ty, were not disposed to enter the
merger bat now, on account of the
depression OF the cotton-miliing bust
ness. the time is ripe for the consum-
nation of the long-cherished merger.
| etc. Would it not be more nearly cor
rect to say that the time was not ripe
for the complete. realization Of their
hopes until they had ACQUIRED a mo-
nopolA 81 the water power? But thew
SAY this proposed merger only relates
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-12-20
A STEP IN COTTON MILL Trust

The Charleston News ana Courier
says that Mr.. Lewis ", PARKER. a
prominent cotton niN man o} Greer
vile, South Carolina, is planning u nut-
ton mill merger with q capita o. ten
million dollars. He declares il Isl not
q trust. but the News and rlurlcr
says:
Mr.. Parker stated that, jH his
opinion, the merger which il, pro-
poses viii be merely Il precursor Of
other mergers Of th@ same sort. Be
fore many years. he believes, All the
cotton mills of the State will have
been combined into four Or five
groups, each group being unde. the
direction Of 4 single executive man
agenent. The results OF such . con-
summation will, he believes. be hrhc-
fetal to the entire State-to the farm
Ell as we'll as to the mill meIt ana those
owning stock in the mills.
Mr.. Parker has been ut voli For
two years OF more 81 the merger
scheme which he announced EestaI-
day, and he stated that ne Was CONT
dent Of the success Of his plan, and
hoped that the matter would be ar
ranged early next year TIL plan.
if put through. will save . large
mount Of money each year for the
mills. this amount reaching possibly
a dollar q bale in the buying Of cot
ton"
Doesn't that sound familiar? That
is exactly the way they talked When
organizing the tobacco trust, the oil
trust, the steel trust and all the like
outlaws OF The TOBACCO
trust was going to take care 81 the
farmcr-and it has robbed him ever
since. The oil trust WaS going to
make it better for men who '1lruah
ile' and help them market tt-4nd
the oil men have been st their mercy
At first there vii he four o. i've
many in each State, than they W1'
so into one in each State, and ta"n
by prior arrangements in order IT,
effect economies, they viii all come
into the/ Duke Water Power Trusts
textile trust.
OF course it will he more ditic|lt
to control cotton than tobacco, has
by Joining forces with the English
spinners, as the American and TN
perial Tobacco companies fused, the
trust Will find q way to get cotton aS
cheap as then great agencies, U-"rh'
ing together, can manage to hanmcT
the price down.
If the Supreme Court constrnes uE"
law as it was written, we may ne
saved; if it ploughs around and lets tho
trust drive through the law. the trusts
are in the saddle.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-12-20
DECLINE or RURAL POPULATION

n census reports show that there
has been a decrease in the population
OF Iowa. The farming lands Of that
state. taken as a whole, are richer
and bring Il higher price than the
farming lands of any other State.
Farmers in Iowa are prosperous, pre-
sressiEe, and when the census report
ed u decline in population the press
commented on IT as an nnheaNny
from the farm TO the city and the
selling Of hish-priced land in that
State by farnlers who had moved IN
large numbers to Texas and Southern
Missouri where lands are much
cheaper. IN Kansas. Missouri, Il
Iinois and Indiana there was no gain
in the rural population. In view OF
the better prices for the products OF
the farmer this trend has beer dis
appointing and most people regarded
it us distinctly unfortunate and a
retograde movement This is not the
view taken by Mr.. J. M. Henderson.
OF Garrison. Kan, who writes an in
teresting explanation in the Springfield
Republican, saying:
Census reports and ~abounding
comm ents thereon remind me that
there is, and long has been, a radical
mistake a TO the significance of the
decline in the population of the rural
districts. Nv attention was first turn
ed prominently to the matter in 1880,
when, in my then home rural town
ship in Illinois, the census showed a
decline In population from 1920 to
$40 in 10 years. 1t was and is an ex-
c~eedingly prosperous township in the
great live stock region Of the State.
Prosperous farmers, prominently OF
the thrifty Scotch settlement, Were
buying out their neighbors, seeding
down their and to grass and getting
improved labor-saving machinery, nus
reducing rapidly the population.
Increasing the wealth. An eXamina-
ton Of census figures showed q
similar condition III all the rural dis
tricts Of the whole region, a condi-
ton repeated At every census
alton since.
Later. on my removal to Iowa, to
-cretary Wilson'S home county and
neighborhood. one Of the best in the
State, the same condition was found
there, beginning about as long after
the first settlement as ii Illinois. One
in riding through the rural districts
WoAlu often Iot1ce nedf the road a
clu1np OF trees, some abandoned
bushes, an excavation reminiscent of
q cheap cellar, and sometimes a wee
building or tive That meant that an
early setter he'd sold out to his thrifty
who promptly left the home.
premises to desolation, possibly NOV
ing the sm:tli buildings to his own
nome Tor miscellaneous uses. On one
large 1afm III the neighhurhood there
we're ahout q aaff dozen such
ed pfernissA> And now the new CEN
su" shows IN the county a decrease .f
~ per cenf~in population during. the
past decade nearly all OF it in the
Forfi sistf'cfs. The county immediate
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-12-20
December 20. 1910
:
UNCLE WALT
The Poet Philosopher

bi,; Robinson. ~!oUG by himself on
ing sea. This island some
ROBINSON people would probably
CRCSOE bore" Ire ~aid. but il
looks good to me. No
oily-tongueai agent, eaI, corner me
here, and sell me n raft OF old Junk:
nc statesman can nail me and breathe
Assessors won't camp o n my ~nlid-OCcan
farm, to prN and to slfoop and to poke,
and fill out =: paper as long as my arm.
and leave M Disguised and broke.
Here arden; rcfOr;ners will leave me
alone. ond pcTiis no longer will fret:
and 10 one will call me by long dis
tered yet. can't run in debt. and
i've nothing To piWIa-nO unclCS at
hand III I had: no bank can inform me
that I've o~verdrauIs: the first of the
month isn't sad. So why should I
rPanoa on the beach and lament. be-
ca,;sc I'm EorSaken and broke? There's
NOTHING to bay and l don't neccG a
cent. and the whole blooming til ny
is "A joke leave tears for the Spite
less ana bic ken-Sonlc,i dub Who would
at tfic Haiiing place oi.. T..;. Stands
liz line tnf OH optinsist club. ard. !,
by YOUR ica:C. will &c ~
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-12-20

There is no gathering the rose WITH
out being pricked by the thorTs
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-12-20
ALL FOR $1.7O

There has neve~ Ecen offered IN
North Carolina 81 much good reading
for SO little none. as we are onertnS
u,,dcr the following proposition: For
tf.sO we will send the following fHr
one year:
The Weekly News and Observer. aa
eigiit-page weekly, newspaper.
The Co:nnoner, an able weekly
Journal. pubiisle 4 by William Jcn"
bings Bryan.
The Farmer ~ Mechanic. sixteen
page North Cal li,ts hon.c and farif
weekly journal.
Thus for Ona iHOisar and Seventy
Gents you can get all these papers
ono year.
2. G. MOORE. Manager.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1910-01-20
LEGAL NOTICES.

Binkrupt's Petition for Discharge.
In the matter Of w. E. Milliken and
Daisy .. Milliken, B~ankrupts. in
Bankruptcy.
To the Honorable Ira A. Abbott, As
sociate Justice Of the supreme
Court of the Territory of New Mex
leo and Judge Of the Second jude
ial District thereof.
w. Il. Mi1liken, of Amarillo, in
the County Of Potter, and state OF
Texas, respectfully represents that on
the 18th day of March, A. D., 1903.
last, he was duly adjudged bankrupt
under the acts Of Congress relating tc
bankruptcy; hat he has duly sur
rendered all his property and rights
OF property. and has fully complied
with all the requirements Of said acts
ana of the orders of the court touch
ing his bankruptcy.
Wherefore. he prays that he may
be decreed by the court to have a fun
discharge from ant debts provable
against his estate under said bank
rupt acts. except such debts as are ex-
ceptcd by law from such discharge
Dated this san day of January, A..
D., 1910.
w e. MILLGkEN,
Bankrupt.
Tan on-0f-g3
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1910-01-20
LEGAL NOTICES.

Bankrupt's Petition tor Discharge.
In the matter of " T.. Miliken ana
Daisy O. Milliken %Bankrupts. in
Bankruptcy.
TO the Honorable Ira A. Abbott. AS.
sociate Justice OF the supreme
Court Of the Territory of New Mex
leo and Judge of the second Jude
ial District thereof
Daisy O. Milliken, OF Amarillo, IN
the County of Potter, and state OF
Texas. respectfully represents that on
the 18th day of March. a. D., 1903
last. she was duly adjudged bankrupt
under the acts Of Congress relating C
bankruptcy; that she has duly sur
rendered All her property and right
Of property, and has fully compiled
with ali the requirements OF said acts
and of the orders OF the court touch
ing her bankruptcy
Wherefore she prays that she MAY
be deerecd by the court to have a ful
discharge from all debts %provabl,
against her estate under said bank
rupt acts, except such debts as are ex
cepted by law from such discharge
Dated this eth day of January, A
D., 1919.
DAISY O. MILLIKEN.
Bankrupt,
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1910-01-20

In the District Court OF the Seeona
Judicial District, Of the Territory Of
New Mexico.
on this 10th day of January. A. d.
1910. on reading the foregoing petit
ton, 1t is
ordered by the court. that a hear
ing be had upon the same on the 10th
day OF February, a. D., 1910, before
said court, at Old Albuquerque. in said
district, at ten G0) O'Clock in th'
forenoon; and Tint notice thereof be
published in albuquerque Morning
journal n newspaper printed in said
district, and that All known creditors
and other persons in interest may APP
pear at the said time and place ana
show cause, If any they have, why
the prayer of the said petitioner
should not be granted.
And 1t is further ordered by the
court, that the clerk shall send by
mail to all known creditors copies Of
said petition, ana this order, address
ed t. them at their places of residence
stated.
Witness the Honorable Ira A. Alb
nott, Judge Of the said court, and the
seal thereof. at Old Albuquerque, il
the said district. on the 18TH day OF
January, A. -, 1910.
JOHN VENABT.E,
CLERK.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1910-01-20

In the District Court of the Second
Judicial District, Of the Territory Of
New Mexico.
on this 10th day OF January, A D,
1919. on reading the foregoing petit
ton, il is
Ordered by the court. that a hear
ing be had upon the same on the 10Th
day of February, A. d., 1910, before
said court. AT old Albuquerque. in said
district. at ten GG) O'Clock in tbc
forenoon: and that notice thereof b.
published in Albuquerque Morning
Journal a newspaper printed in said
district. ana That an known creditors
and other persons in interest may APP
pear at the said time and place and
show cause. ID any they have. why
the prayer of the said petitioner
should not be- granted.
And II is further ordered by the
court. that the clerk shall send by
mail to all known creditors copies Of
said petition, and this order, address
ed TO them al their places OF residence
~ stated.
Witness the Honorable Ira a Alb
bolt. Judge ol The said court. and tn
seal thereof go old Albuquerque, IN
tho said disifitl. on the 18th day OF
January. \. u. i9ius
John vENARLE.
Clerk.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1910-01-20
CLAIMS BROTHER
TOOK ALL THE
SHEEP
PARTNERSHIP CASE ON
BEFORE JUDGE ABBOT
Judgment Given Against Santa
Fe in Favor Of Jofdon
Rodgers Other judgments in
Local Court

Judge Abbott was occupied part Of
yesterday in chambers in hearing the
case of the estate of Mariana Montoya
vs.. Jose Montoya, in which the es-
tate is seeking TO from the de-
PENDANT an lnterest IN a band of sheep
in which il is alleged the two Mon
toyas. who were brothers, We're part
ners. The plaintiff alleges that on
Mariana M%ontoya's death Jose Mon
toya claimed all the sheep as his own
After the hearing had proceeded dur
ing the morning an adjournment OF
the case waas taken until February .
L. A Mann and II. r. owen appeared
for the plaintiff and L. w. Dobson
for the defense.
Judge Abbott yesterday overruled
the motion for a new trial in the dam
age action of Jordon Rodgers VS.. the
santa Re railroad, and judgment as
returned by the jury In the sum OF
s2,150, was affirmed.
Judgment, has been given In the
sum of $1,000 in favor Of the First
National bank against the New Mex
leo Central railroad. the Dominion
Construction company and Francis j.
Torrance.
In the case Of Costing Brothers OF
Arizona vs.. Gross, Kelly * Co, motion
for 4 new trial was oVcrruled and
judgment rendered as given in the
verdict of tho jury.
The Ease CT Bacneohi and Giomi W
santos Ortiz, OF Santa Re. was dis
missed on stipulation. there having
-A H.. l .t.L al Z 40
plaintiff
Divorce Suit Filed.
Suit for divorce was filed Yesterday
by Mablo Snitzer, Of Albuquerque, vs..
Charles j. Snitzer, of Des Moines, Ia.
Tho complaint alleges abandonment
and failure to support. The couple
were married in iowa on December
y, 1903.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1910-01-20
Chicago Livestock.

Chicago. Jan. 19=Cattle 20. 600,
steady. beeves $4.15dS 7.65; Texas
steers. S2.S 50 $3.50. western steers,
IS4.0OG $500; stockers and feeders.
|s2.9OM SIZE; cows and heifers. 5000
GS5.4o: calves. ST.50@$s.50.
Hogs-35.000 five to ten cents low
er. Light. Ss.s0a<s.65; mixed. ss.sc
Heavy. $40 $3.50; rough. $500
|SS.55: good to choice heavy. $3.50
$3.50: pigs. s7.2Oq$S25. bulk. $3.50
$50.
shcep-20. 00o weak; native, $4,000
$500: western. s4.OOa 1910. yearlings
Ss.TBmSs.O0; lambs. native, ss.l5H
s.. 10: western. S6.e5 G$S.s5.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1910-01-20


New York. Jan. 19.-The market for
Standard copper on the metal ev-
change was firm today with spot and
all future deliveries up to The end OF
April closing at s13.25 M$13.50.
London quoted AT $50, i2s. sd and
futures AT f61, lis. sd. Local dealers
quote lake at Sl3.75m $t4.OO. e%lectrl-
Ilytic. $i3.5oM$1s.75 and casting
$685. ms13.62h.
Exports of copper from the port of
New York today were 80 tons, making
1882 so far this month.
Lead "a quiet with spot at s4G7
|l-2@$472 - New York and $3.50 n
East st Louis London higher
Iat fiS. las. "a.
Spelter duu with spot Mt 1918 q
1856 New York and S5.95 n 500 x
East ST. Louis. London unchanged a,
f23. rs.
Silver. 52iac; Mexican dollars. Itc
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1910-01-20
CAUSES SICKNESS
Good Health Impossible With a Dis
ordered Stomach.

There is. nothing ilflt viii CRATE
Sickness or cause more ircuoie than
a disordered stomach. and many
people daily contract serious masa-
dies simply through disregard CT abuse
of the stomach.
We urge every M suffering from
any stomach arrangement. Indigestion
er dyspepsia, whether acut. e. chron-
ic. to try Rexall Dyspepsia Tablets,
with the distinct understanding thai
We viii refund their money without
question or Formally. il after reis-
enable use Of this medicine they are
not satisfied with the results. We
recommend them TO our customers cv-
cry day. and have yet 70 hear of any
one who has not been benefited : BY
them. Three sizes. 25c, SOC and Si.0a
q box. sold in Albuquerque only Al
our store.-The Rcxeli store. The J
II. o.Rieliy co.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1910-01-20
DEPARTMENT or the INTERIOR
United States Land Onicc.

Santa Re. New Mexico, January 49,
l9I0-Notice is hereby given that the
plat of survey OF Township No. 23
North, of Range . East of the New
Mexico Principal Meridian has been
Med i'm this office ana tine band in said
Township Viii be open to entry on and
after March -, 1910
All of this township Is in the Jeme2
Forest reserve
MANUEL r. OTERO,
Register
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1910-01-20

4 coal miner in Southern ohio. who
couldn't read nor write, recently re-
ceived his pay envelop at the ne"
mine. All hat was written ON il was
No. 49,"
The miner looked 1T the writing for
a. long time. then exclaimed. That's O.
new way 10 spell George Primrose. j
reckon
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1910-01-20

The busiest and miRhtiest little
thing hat ever was made Is Cham
b~crlain's Stomach and Liver Tablets.
do the work whenever you re-
uuire their aid. These tablets change
weakness into strength. listlessness
into energy. gloominess into joyous
ness Their action is so gentle n
don't realize they have taken n Purg-
ativc. Sold by all Druggists.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1910-01-20

Chicago, Jan. l9.-Grain prices fell
off shaIp ply in the first half OF the SEES
sion today and later rallied on cover
ing trades. Provisions closed firm.
Tn. wheat market closed with pric-
rs 3-S@1-2c higher. May was Mt Sl.OS
7-SmS1.07 at the close.
Corn closed with May at ca y m67
5-Sc and other futures a shade TO i-Sc
higher,
Oats closed with September 1-Sc
higher Mt II 1-4c.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1910-01-20

Kansas City. Jan 1s.-Cattle. 5000.
including 800 southerns. SfesdS- Ma
tive steers. ~sf.s0Hs725. southern
steers. s425 ss.0e; southern COWS,
s2.7s@s4.50. native cows and heifers.
.S2.sO 0S6.00; rtoekers and feeders.
s350Ts525; bulls. sS60G$ 515.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1910-01-20
HELP WANTED-MaIe.

MEN LEARN barber trude-Shori
time required graduates earn ST.
to $40 week. Moler Barber College
Los Angeles.
WANTED-Thoroughly experienced
clothing and furnishing goods
salesman. Must speak spanish. Ad-
dress, giving experience and salary eN-
pected, Clothlcr. ear of Journal.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1910-01-20
WANTED-SaIesmen AGENTS

THIS MAY BE YOUR O~PPORTUN-
ITY-Wanted - Intelligent, ener-
splendid opportunity; salary n
commission. Answering, give refer
ences, Address Box 1900, Denver.
Colorado.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1910-01-20

calves, $4,000 sS.T5; western steers.
$3.50 $3.50, western cows, $4,000
s4.75.
Hogs-12. 900. ten cents lower. Bulk
SIS. 20m sS.55; heavy, Ss.55@$S.G2k
packers ana butchers, $3.50;
light. $500 SS.45; pigs. $G.55 $7.75.
Sheep-G,00 600 steady; muttons. 4$.75
a 5000, lambs, $1,000 $3.50; fed
western wethers and y~earlings, $3.50
sT75; fed western ewes. s4.75M S5.76.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1910-01-20
ST. Iouis 'W,.,;.

ST. Louis. Jan. 1s.-Wooi unchanged.
Medium grades. combing and clothing.
pa 29e; light fine. 22m27c; fine,
12@ PIC; tub washed, 25G37c.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1910-01-20
AND
COMMERCE


New York, Jan. 19.-Those concern
ed in the stock market had their at
tention diverted today from general
causes affecting values TO those hay.
ing to do with purely speculative
cause. Th. collapse in Columbus and
Hooking coal and iron affected the.
market in much the same way as the.
Rock Island episod. in the market cf.
December - and gave rise TO the.
question whether Investigation and
discipline by the stock exchange auth
critics were to follow as in the Rock
Island case.
rhe activities OF a market pool in
the Hooking stock have heen motor
ious for months ia the curse of winch
vonturesome belr traders attemp'Cd
TO profit BY the evidence Of inflgtiun
in the price OF the stock by short se,es.
How little genuine demand exist
ed for the stock was the striking DEM
onstration of is action today when
bankers called loans from the hold
eTs. The collapse To % compartnl
with 81 Id for The last price yester-
day and 90 i-2 last week Represents a
suddenness of deflation rare III tie
history of the New York st,ek *
change.
The systematic effect was particular
~ severe on stocks open to any sus-
picion Of having been treated in Il
similar way in he course of rapid i'd
vances in their market quotations,
There were some Of the stocks With
a wider market hat did not escape The
unfavorahle influence to be drawn
from the days principal episode. There
..n.. nnffoooI I1 ala,nant fnrtshf ~
point 10 the incident as sympathetic #
methods pursued 70 n wide field Of
speculative endeavor through he an
paign which was Waged last year in
the stock market. Thetyiolent fall of
prices gave rise TO many rumors. The
announcement Of two stock exchanges
failures, directly due to the collapse in
Hooking coal naturally stimulated the
spread of such rumors Another crop
Of minors had u do with the suppos-
cd reVenges of powerful capitalists be
ing weakened upon one another b.
fostering the fall in values of stocks.
The course OF events encouraged the
bear party to extend their operations
The final selling movement in the last
hour CAV special evidence OF profes
sional bear origin and the very active
demand to cover shorts and the vigt.r
Of closing rally were convincing Of the
fact.
The opening market gave good
promise OF advancing, helped by for
eign buying of stocks induced by the
better feeling created in English fl.
nancial circles by the day news from
The elections. Prices closed consider
ably Gbove the lowest and with an ae-