davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1910-06-02
Local News Items
Gathered at Random and Contributed By Our Friends
2@@=

Verna Bohlke visited a few
days with the Watson family.
Gilbert Johnson has purchas-
ed the Nelson house on seventh
street.
Miss Mable Schiller will en-
terrain for Miss Mable Forkner
this evening.
Mrs. Otto Swank and little
son are visiting friends and
relatives in the city.
Miss May Benedict entertain
ed a number of her friends at
whist, last Tuesday evening.
Henry Lendway of St. Paul.
was the guest of his brother in
law. Chris Hennes, over Sun,
day.
Ruth Oslund and Io!a Cam.
eron were delegates from the
Sunday school, to the conven-
ton at Great Bend yesterday
and today.
Miss Elizabeth Chernick of
Mooreton, was in town Satur.
day and found time while here
to make The Times office a
pleasant call. ~
The Methodist Ladies Aid
society will meet on Wednes
day afternoon June 9Th, with
Mrs. p. G. Olson. A large at.
tendance is desired.
Albert B oh n and wife o f
Great Bend was in the city yes
terday.. They visited the Times
Offices and boosted tn e snb.
scription one year in the future.
Mrs. Theo. Albrecht gave a
doilie shower, and six o'clock
dinner, last Saturday night in
honor of Miss Mabel Forkner.
About a dozen young people
were in attendance.
Supt. Smith and E B. Oliver
represent the local I. O. Q. F.
at the Grand Lodge in Minot
next week. They leave next
Monday morning aud will be
gone three or four days.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1910-06-02

Mrs. King has been visiting
in Lisbon for a few days.
Miss Elizabeth Faint is visit
ing friends in the city this week.
The excavation il being done
for Geo. Miller's new house on
9th street.
The w. r. c. Sewing Circle
will meet with Mrs. Lane Tues
day afternoon.
Mrs. H. NJ. christensen i 9
home after "a couple of weeks
visit at different places in MINI.
Hon. N. F. Murphy Mayor of
Grand Forks attended til e
Foresters b n luet last Sunday
night.
NJ. Olaf Hausken, banker of
Kuhn this state was a visitor
of his brother, r. r. Ha sken
last week.
Word was received this morn.
ing that Mr.. Passage son in law
of B. F.. Lounsbury died at Ken.
mare last night.
The Missionary society of the
Congregational church will
meet with Mrs. Gallagher on
Tuesday afternoon, June 9TH,
at $50.
Mr.. and Mrs. Waseka left for
their new home in Big Stone,
S. OAK, last night. MIR. Waseka
has b en- employed with
Wehner & Voss.
The Congregational Ladies
Aid will met with Mesdan es
Kramer, Divet, Oslund and
Luck next Wednesday after
noon, June Ssh, at Mrs. Kram-
er's.-
DR.. Wheeler has sold his 9Th
street residence property to
Harvey Rife and has bought
the Nelson property on 9TH
street. This is an all modern
house, fine location and we
understand that it was secured
at great bargain.
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08
IN THE WAKE OF THE AUTO.

The resultant death and ma
ing that followed the Vanderbilt
cup races but emphasizes the
lengths to which the American poo
pie will 90 for excitement. and re
calls the days Of ancient Rome.
We pretend TO look with horror
upon the Spanish bull fight. and
even f. diScountenanr' the prize
fight while we applaud this I'M
even contest between mani and
In Is dcstruc tlvc engine # his own
making. The machine drivers
who were killed took their own
life into their hands and perhaps
il was thcr right. but most Of the
accidents were to those who were
IN no way r1Spons bic for them
and nothing gives the right to
others to kin by automobile more
than by any other method.
The officials Of the country in
which another race is scheduled
are said 10 have under advisement
the refusal Of u permit to run tbs
race. If it is in their power and
they have the proper conception
of their duty to the public they
will refuse Forever to let another
race be run in their county. The
record Of death n this race is suf-
f'cient for all time. Beaumont
Enterprise.
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08
CASTO.!R|:!IA
For Infants and Children.
h nnl Yen Rave AlWaJs Bought
a sss's -. If Al4HNss1u


just at This time the mail order
houses are active in flooding the
country with big handsomely got
ten up catalogues. quoting atlrac-
tive prices on staple articles and
making all sorts of big sounding
claims for your cash. They do not
offer to exchange their goods for
the farmers eggs poultry. butter
or other produce They don t
trust penny worth but make
Won pay cash before sou get the
goods and the freight besides. If
is wrong with the goods
or hey d. not suit they will not
exchange them for YOU. They pay
no taxes INTO your city or parish
treasury. with which our schools
are mainta ned. roads. bridges,
aud sidewalks built. They do not
contribute to our churches. char
liable institute ons nor to cur poor.
Elk. :
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08
HOG TRAIN WILL TOUR
EARLY DATE.

With view Of having large
hog rating farms esiabi shed III
louisiana. the Armour Packing
Company will Seud to this state u
Z" long tram. to carry lc"tur-
rra f. all Of the country u STREETS
and explain TO pictures the great
proa1s to be derived from the
pockets
The train is now making tour
of Texas under the direction Of
Mr.. ! c. IIrstanl. reputcd to b.
one Of the greatest hog experts
IN the world. lie will accompany
thr tram here. and If VII prob
ably arrive before the end Of tbs
month.
The Armours have laid the
proposition before the New Or
leans Board of Trade. and that n
gauization viii cooperate IN max
mo the hog train s " tour sue
cess
Many Of the bio packing houS
cs have had their eyes on tbs part
of the country fpr several years.
A representative Of the Armour S
told the Board Of Trade Tuesday
that II was the or mon OF the
heads Of his firm that Louisiana IS
one Of the finest hog-raiSing sec
tons in the country. the climate
IS ideal. and there is grazing n ne
months ont Of the year and feed
can be grown rs cheaply as any
where
The packing houses have bad t.
hustle for hoes during the last
several years. and they believe
that pork viii be higher IN the mn
mediate future if hogra sfng is not
introduced into new territory
I'm one of his recent talks to
planters in Texas Mr. lIestand
told them that il was a shame their
wives and children are working IN
the cotton fields. He said they
could remove this blot if they
would take f. raising hogs.
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08
BROOM FACTORY.

Mr.. r. =. Mitchell who lives on
his plantation about two miles
from town has put up a broom
factory on his place this is a
new enterprise in our section, and
from what we know of Mr.. NJ ch-
els perseverance in whatever be
has undertaken, we feel safe in
predicting for him and his new
concern satisfactory success.
The brooms are brought to town
by the wagons full, they are well
made, s.rong and 80 stuffed as
to last for the longest. st. Mar
tin Banner.
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08
FARMERS CALL MEETING.

w,u;on i Gohhrrt If Welsh.
n,,;l,n, "a IA, Iuuisiana
Ia ,'N'''"' w ,,.;,,,., hos
w. ~ ,,''',.,,,. r. ,l,oc ,unt,y rico
' .,. = 49, :, 10 hoLI ot crowley.
,h''' ,y,1,,sJa, octobar ~
,n,n !, oralori, IN thp after
''''' a. 49, ,.,,,,,,sn "A tol,iuo
"'o"' ,...,,, ~, b,II,nr move.
sup, w. ',,l.,. .,.h ,th,r .,rus
''''i'' "'''' 49,, ,.....o,,. +, rro,n,t
a. ",'' 2 I,,,u
p.,.;lant g,hh,rt asks that
,'', 3 r,r,,,r ~ IouisIana
49, ,,a;nt =, l., rr..ont f.
'''N, ~ h., .,,.i4's all other
F''''''' ,,,..,.l ,n.,hc uollaro
1 n' n;aa ,nJugir, ~ attend
- , 49,, n,IInr. ,,ripotnrs hank
'''' 49, ,nl ,,I,o,o
= WV .;,, ,n,.,o,,,u
re 'N'''''r r'..',,,. ~, e ,ro,os and
" we ~ ~ M !, r,..nI. ami
h'N''''''' VAIL, ,an II
SNh'i,''''D''' w
meelihg. ,,..........,.;
h''' "a W. Wv
river anu - ''' 49,, 49,. ..,,.,',.I
i, ,n,.;,,I /, t,I.n n,rt m he
,..
'''' .t,,, u..Il Lo far, tln rur
~ l;..,,ss,n,, ,bo rurrent SIT
-: a., ,,n, ministry. and
=. aJ,,t conn. c,nrsa to relieve !,
- !, ,,r,,c., n, interests ng thc
~ .r ,;oo
Th. ,.asnr ,hot tha r,ra mar
10, ;s J,,d j. tbat thc spcruIators
H. w. J.aran tho Inn,timate trad
~, Nh. AZ III. m,rI,n, and have
ea,,.htano, Nh distributors il tho
aaaa,larr markets Inlnss some
oo,,,, 10 t,l,cn ia rrstnrr conf
10 nro.o,, conditions may con
,,n,. 'nJofinitnIy
III, y;.hn. u,rrnh, AZ rico L small
,ar IA, !, u,s nost yo,r n ,h,s
,,a ,,.hIa III, o,,snmntiy. de-
mani ;s largor With legitimate
traJ;ng his rrop should he hand
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08
NEGRO ATTRACTIONS NOT
DESIRABLE.

Now that the theatrical season
Is "on IN the South, we thnk #
.oppurtmr 10 suggest to the man
ayers # opera houses throughout
the country that they do not per
mt companies OF negroes TO ap-
pear at their theatres. These gen
Ilcmen must know that the scntl-
mrnl in the South IS growing
stronger and stronger all the time
for a complete separation OF the
races. The negroes, IN the great
majority Of Instances, themselves
recognize the beneficial results
that will follow the Scparat on OF
the whites and black, and are not
inclined TO look with favor UPON
any movement to restore the old
order Of things.
Such attractions rs Btlck
Patti are not wanted in white
theatres. and we might add that
wise managers. if they have al
ready signed shows Of Ais char
actcr. VIII cancel the engage
mcnts. Surely there are enough
worthy attractions composed en-
tirely Of white actors and actreS-
SEES. catering to the patronage of
CaucaSions. to furnish amusc-
ments for all tastes. News Star,
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08
Sheriff Sale.
Sheriff Sale.
EMILE DIONNE, WIFE OF
+. o. HEBERT
VS..
LOUISA YOUNG

| LOUISA 1OUNG.
State of Louisiana, Parish of Ibe.
ria, 10Th Judicial Dist. Court.
BY virtue of an order of Seizure
and Sale, issued out Of the Hon
orable Nineteenth Judicial Dis
trict Court Of the State of Louisi-
ana, in and for the Parish of Ibe-
ria and to me directed. |, George
Henderson, Sheriff, through +. j.
Mestayer, Deputy Sheriff, have
seized and will sell to the last and
highest bidder at Public Auction,
at the Court House in New Iberia,
La, on the terms hereinafter
named on 'a
. Saturday, October 22d, 1910,
the following described property,
wit:
A certain lot Of ground situat-
ed in the corporate limits of the
City of New Iberia, Iberia Parish,
La, measuring forty-five feet
front on Providence Street by
one hundred and twenty and one
half feet in depth and bounded
north by, on the south by
Providence Street on the east by
st. Joseph S Hall and on the west
by Emily Dionne or assigns.
10 pay and satisfy the sum of
one hundred and fifty dollars,
with interest thereon at the rate
Of eight per cent per annum, on
the following terms, FOR CASH,
the sum of Fifty Dollars and s
per cent interest from March 1S.
10y and 10 per cent attorneys
fees and the balance on terms Of
credit; Fifty Dollars and interest
with 8 per cent from March 18th,
1903. payable March 10Th, 1911
fifty Dollars and interest with
per cent from March 18th, 1909, |
payable March 10Th, 1872 and for
al costs Of these proceedings.
Given officially this 18th day Of |
September, A. d., 1910.
GEO. HENDERSON. Shift.
Per Frank J. Messenger, by Sniff. |
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08
Succession Sale.
SUCCESSION OF SIMON PET
Frs AND OF HIS WIFE.
FELICIE PETERS ROTH

FELlClE PETERS, BOTH
DECEASED.
18th judicial Ditrict Court. State
uf Louisiana, Parish of Iberia.
BY virtue of commission is.
sued unto me, the undersigned
Administrator, out Of the above
said Court. under an order grant.
ed ON the 9th day of September
1910.
There wild be sold by the un.
dersigned Administrators or duly
Public Auctfoneer, FOR CASH.
or the purpose of realizing funds
TO pay debts of the above said
Succession) at Public Auction, to
the last and highest bidder, on
Saturday the 9Th Day Of Novem-
Der, 1919,
between legal sale hours, at the
front door of the Court House the
belonging to the above
said Succession, and described as
follows towit:
A certain lot Of ground with all
the improvements therein and
fhereunto belonging, situated in
ehe City of New iberia, Parish of
Iberia, Louisiana, having a front
IN the West Side of st. Peter ST..
# 80 1eet by a depth between
,arallel lines Of feet, bound
d north by property of Olivier
3outte, south by A. Normand.
last by st. Peter street and west
~ property of John Houston.
BARNARD PETERS,
Administrator.
Hacker 4 Muller, Atys.
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08
ALWAYS A WOMAN IN IT.

Many man who occupies a
high place in the political. social
or commercial world, owes that
position to the devot on and en-
enlargement of "a good wife In
fact. majority, we believe, will
admit that and give credit to their
wives for their success A ease in
point is given by the Dallas Times
Herald, which says: Georgia
Democrats have dismissed Litt!r
Joe Brown from the 10y cuIive
mansion A victory for the At
lanta Journal Two years ago
lloke Smith went down in defeat.
Then it was victory for the At
Ianta Constitution. Now honDrs
are even and lloke Smith will win
u senatorial toga later along. Mrs
IIoke Smith will be the power be
hind the throne Mrs. Smith
forced her husband in the race
four years ago. lie won. Two
years ago he lost This year he
was forced in again and won.
Mrs. lloke Smith in the long ago
said hen husband some day would
win the ioga Of a senator lie is
on the way. & Orange Tribune.
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08
Succession Sale.
SUCCESSION OF MRS. He
LOISE ROMERO. WIDOW

SUCCESSION OF MRS, He
LOISE ROMERO, WIDOW
OF ARISTIDE THEREOF.
10Th Judicial District Court, State
of Louisiana, Parish of Iberia,
BY virtue Of commission is
sued unto me. the undersigned
Administrator, out iOf the above
said Court, under an order grant
ed on the 10th day of September,
1910, there will be sold by the
undersigned Administrator or a
duly authorized Public Auc-
tioneer, FOR CASH, (for the pur-
pose of realizing funds to pay
debts of the above said Success
sion) at Public Auction, to the
last and highest bidder, on
Saturday the ed Day Of October,
1910,
between legal sale hours. at the
front door of the Courta House,
New Iberia, La, the property be-
longing to the above said Success
sion, and described as follows,
to-wit:
LIST. A certain tract Of land,
situated in the 5th Ward of Ibe-
ria Parish, La, containing eight
49, arpents in area, bounded
north by property Of Varice Nit
chell, south and east by property
Of Paul Agenor Theriot, and west
by property Of Emile Lopez.
I'd. One dwelling house, situat-
ID on above described land.
Sd. Two (2) small cabins also
situated on above described lands.
PAUL AGENER THEREOF,
Administrator.
Hacker & Muller, Attys.
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08
NOTES OF SCIENCE

Philadelphia has spent nearly
S3O.0O0,O00 in the last ten years
to get pure water supply, iiv,
big filtration plants being built
A fabric much resembling cot
ton and equally capable Of bleach.
ing or dyeing has been made by
French inventor fl'Om spruce
wood pulp
The terminal which the New
York Central Railroad proposes
to build IN the heart Of New
York will be twice as large as any
now Ia existence.
The Servlan government has es-
tablshed an alcohol monopoly, an
English company pure has NJ the
sole right to manufacture and sell
the fluid.
The amount of carbon eXhal@
from man. lungs each day if it
could be soIidified. would equal
u at in lump Of coal weighing
half ton.
A new Hungarian law defines
wine as the fermented iu ee Of the
wlnegrape and nothing else. not
even The use Of sugar or water
being permitted
"A Minnesota man has patented
a tent that needs no II, les. the sides
meeting at n point. which is suS-
p ndcd from Convenient tree
limb by rope.
China's new coinage will re.
semble that of THE United States
in that il will be based on unit
of the value IF a dollar and frac-
tional parts thereof.
For use on rivers subject 70
great tidal changes an Alabama
engineer has invented floating
wharf that runs up and down
solid incline laid with rails.
The last time India took a cen.
Sis 30o,ooo0oO persons were
enumerated and the result was
made known in II days. which
Is claimed o be a world record
Records for Portland cement
production in the United States
were broken last year with an
output of more than $4,000. 900
barrels worth more than $50. 600
600
The number # telephone sub
scribers in Great Britain inrreas-
ed last year by twelve per cent
and the number of conversations
over trunk Ines by fifteen per
cent.
The automobile scarchlivht an
paratus adopted by he United
State army. though II weighs
1o.5M pounds. can make Is miles
an hour and climb a - per cent
grade.
After months Of experiment the |
French government has decided
against its proposed aluminium
coinage because it is too light ami |
slips through The fingers too cas-
lily.
Dishes may he warmed and food |
or other articles heated without |
the use Of a stove hv a metal rack |
that Massachusetts man has in |
vented to hang upon a steam rad
|atof.
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08
Trespass Notice.

The public is warned that all
trespassers or hunters caught on
the Orange Grove and other prop
critics III Iberia Parish of the un-
dersigned will be prosecuted ac-
cording to law.
J. N. Pharr & Sons.
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08
Succession Sale.

SUCCESSION OF SALbIE RAN
DOLPI, DECEASED. No, 1860.
10Th Judicial District Court. State
of Louisiana, Parish Of Iberia.
BY virtue Of a commission is
sued unto me, the undersigned
Administrator. out OF the above
said Court, under an order grant
ed on the I'd day Of September,
1910.
There will be sold by the IN
dersigned Administrator or q duly
authorized Public Auctloneer,
FOR CASH, (for the purpose Of
realizing funds to pay debts Of the
above said Succession at Public
Auction to the last and highest
bidder, on
Saturday the 18th Day of October,
1910,
between legal sale hours, at the
front door of the Court House, in
lNcW IDtIld bd., Tue pioFtIty Dt-
longing to the above said Success
sion, and described as follows to-
wit:
A certain lot of ground and I'M
provements thereon and thereunto
belonging, situated in THE City Of
New Iberia on the corner Of
Charles Street and Bank Avenue,
having front on the South Side
of Bank Avenue of sexenty seven
(77) feet, by depth Of two hun
dred and seven (2O7) feet more or
less bounded north by Bank Ave-
nue, south by property Of
east by Charles Street and west
by property of Grant Hall Asso-
citation.
GEO. NJ. ROBERTSON,
Administrator.
Hacker & Muller, Attys.
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08
FOR SALE.

Clerc Building, corner Main and Iberia
Streets.
Residence, iberia near Main Streets.
Residence, Iberia and Centre Streets.
Fifty Acre Farm on Southern Pacific Rail
road, one-half emile from corporate
limits.
The above properties are all owned BY the
estate Of Chas. Clerc, Sr.
Apply to R.F. CLERIC.
p. o. Boz $40. New Orleans. La.
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08

Your cough annoys you. Keep
on hacking and tearing the deli
cate membranes of your throat it
You want relief, want to be cured,
take Chamberlain s Cough Rem
edy. Sold by all dealers.
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08
05 ARPENT FARM-LONG
TERMS.

Bordering Lake Simonet, high
land, two houses and interest in
growing crop. One-sixth cash,
balance !, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years.
Alphonse Davis, Opera House
Building.
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08

IToarseness in a child subject to
Group is a sure indication of the
approach of the disease. If
Chamberlain's Cough Remedy is
given at once or even after the
croupy cough has appeared, it
will prevent the attack. Contains
no poison. Sold by all dealers.
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08
Truck Farms for Rent.

Sew rsl Truck Farm of from six to ten
arcres of high land on Bank Avenue near
corporate limits of New Iberia. For terms
aud particulars, address
CHAS L. PROVOST,
Lock Boz GOT, New Iberia La
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08
AGE BRINGS BEAUTY.

A lady whose wisdom may be
described as mature made the fol
lowing remark on the art Of
growing old gracefully: ct is
woman s own fault sha says.
elf. with advancing years. she al
lows herself TO be neglected and
pushed aside by youthful and III
experienced members of her sex.
If she has occupied her time we'll.
an6 Kept herself abreast with the
ao she VIII h. sought after. and
hl yoisr listened to with atten-
ton. II all active and advanced
circles. There is no law relegat
ing a woman t. the background
when she is no longer youthful.
On the contrary woman may be
come more attractive as the years
go. on even the plainest acquiring
beauty as the result of pure life
and aspiring character The
presence of such women IS Il
blessing to all about them. and the
attainment of the proud positions
they occupy is within teh reach of
all women beautiful or plain
who set themselves to grow N
mind and spirit. FIX.
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08

The pleasant purgative effect
experienced by all who use Cham
bcrlain S Stomach and Liver Tab
lets, and the healthy condition Of
the body and mind which they
create. makes one feel joyful.
Sold by all dealers.
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08

"A S12,0OO.O0O peanut crop n the
country this year is adding to the
nation s prosperity. Seems like a
lot Tor the lowly peanut, but it is
because they look upon it as low
~ and little thing that more
east Texas farmers are not getting
slice Of this $4,000. 900.
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08

Main Ctreet East End Residence
for sale.-Built . few years age.
Thoroughly fitted up and well
and strongly constructed. A
desirable piece Of property. Lot
l36x25O Address p. O. Box
518. #
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08

You will have to dispose Of
that fat and juicy turkey, that
piece of embroidery. pillow slip
or any other thing that you had
intended to rattle during the hol-
',days, ,for the Police Jury has
completely upset your plans. Here
is how our parish legislators have
put a quletus on your expectations
and plans.
BE If resolved by the Police
jury of the parish of Bafourche,
in regular meeting convened, that
hereafter it shall be unlawful for
any person or persons in this par
ish to offer for rattle or lottery or
game of chance any article or
tn ny whatsoever except it be for
religious. literary and benevolent
purposes at regular fairs held I'M
der permits issued by the regul-
larly constituted authorities of
this par .sh. -Lafourche Democrat.
New Iberia enterprise and independent observer. (New Iberia, La.) 1902-1944, 1910-10-08
Vienna recently jnauIIratpI

Vienna recently inagurated II
new water supply system by
which more than 1000. 600 gal lions
a day are brhught from the A lps,
113 miles away, by an aqueduct
and tunnels.