davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1910-04-30
Grieoensrihter GarI yD Mil

Griebensri6ter Carl M. Duel
ler III San Srancisco ipar oiefe,
Gage ge5tpungen, oie Nerbafolun
gen oes 5ales bon Sim Stamoirs
gegen anaitafia Mollrgos aaf eine
Wofe 81 pertagen, ba grichifds
uro franaoiiide 0otmetif)er, ole iid
germ ibre 5lpei Dollars pesoienell
MOLTEN, cine iolf)e &omftlion an.
ridteten, DOB Der &aoi Die Sanoe
itber Dem 8opf 5nlanlmenihlug iuto
erflarte, Die @otter aaein fol,ntel1
ans Dem Sprahen.9 onbdluoniurl
iriifer 9lnpaIte, fran3oiii6er Gen.
gen nno griehiider &ld0er uno De
tlagten flug meroen. Selbit Die
anpolte miBten 5ugebeit, oab lie bon
Den btsberigen 8erbonoluneen iuenia
CUNT batten, uno ionit muroe Der
soil pertngt, Bis Die ridti9cu Oofe
met'her geiunoen iino, Sn benz SoQ,
nm ben es iih banoelt, bci6uloigt
Stamatlts ben Monreas, Dob Ell
elmer bon ben brei ganoiten gene.
len lei, Die ibn Dor Elm pnar Monu-
ten iiberfaifen uno ibm $500 oeItot-
len bo6en. Sod 9eters, elmer bon
benz 4lee6latt, pIaioierte 6ereits
lduloig nno iibt iest feline iedDs Wio-
nate ab.
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1910-04-30
Ser Giel ais Maler.

Nus Garis miro geldriebcn: 1u
oem iest e%roffneten Salon ser llli-
abbangigen" befinoet iid inter ben
$500 u@emaloen", Die bier 5ulonl-
mensebraht tpurbcn obne oab cine
SSllrp ibres amtes genaltet bate,
einSilo, bas bon eiilem@iel osemalt"
tporben lit. ltno oon1it ia fem 3mei-
tel an Der urbeberi6aft bes oierbei,
nigen &initfers entiteben fonltte, Tat
nan oafiir eelorat bob inn feline
tunltlerii6e 9atigfeit amtli6 hegluu,
hiat muroe. Iuf @runo eiller Nette
baben ii6 einige Stuoenten lit e.
nem Safe oes Montmartre Sen
S6er5 geleiitet, gu bepeiietl oab III
Dem Salon Der unabbdngigen ouh
pie giel Moler-9 aieinsberedtiaullo
batten. Gin Observation-Disclosures murbe
gebolt, ser Solgenoes 5t Brptofoa
nobm:: u8ir begaben inns sit benz
2ofal in Der Hue oes sau(es, uno
eor oieiem iebten oie @errcn 4.
uno q. cine Malleinpano aui cillell
Subj. Sn meiner @egeniuori ullr-
Den bfaue, grille, gelbe lluo rnte
Selfarben norbereitet llno cir 800
lerpinIel muroe an oos Sdmal5enoe
zines Gels aebnnoeM ser Dem So
folbeiiber seborte. Ser Glel murhe
nit ieinem 5interenoe gegrlt Die
Seinipalib geitellt, uno SEER 4. IieB
i'm nit Dem Sdmonae fiji mo
Der iibe + Die Molfla6e fa1ren. 10
oaB lie iid nit Sarben beoedtr. gie
ein5i9e 5ilfe, Die &err 3. oabei let
itete, mar, bob er ben gilliel nodl.
elnottoer in beridieoene Sorlen
taudte. so beoedts iid Ser Mal-.
eruno init beridieoene1 Sarbenfled.
len Die a~lleroings NIT nidts Debit
liffeit botten. Nafber wllroe oas
8emaloe nno Der Maler %pboioara-
pbiert un0 ih nnbm oieies Grotofea
auf, oeiien Soften 1920 Srs. betra;
gen, @e5.: 8. grionne, @tridts=
boa5ieber." Dos fertige Genaloe
beg Gels erbielt Sen idollelt Sitel
Limo Die Some eing inter i'm
Moriotiiden Meer" nno ipn,roe oeti
Salon eingeionot. &ier erregte Is
Seniation. Gin 9eobofter iah lid,
oas Bnblifum aennlter an Dos Sic
&linitleiitune oes Gels in altaen-
ihein nobnl. @iele la6ten ueralliiat,
aber es CAB audi senua bcionoers
ysRunitoerftdnoige~, Die ii6 iiber bies
8arbalten entriiiteten: yNo.irlih,
oieie Ybiliiter, miiiien INNER aleif)
ln6en, penn iie ettpas niht perlte-
benz" 2eioer gaben bie l1rbeber oes
S6er5es oos 8ebeimnis, luer ser
Weiiter 9oronali - 10 mar oas gilO
in einem @nagramm fir @liboror1,
Meiiter 2angobr, ee8eidnet Ell
gentlib mdre, aa5u frib preis, 10
oaB es niht our 9iloung elmer 1,euea
Walidule gefommen lit. Die Better
oes uSalons Der l1nabbanaigen"
aber iino auBer iid
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1910-04-30
Gem Grade entriHen

19ab 4iabrigem 2eioen an Gun.
genleioen, bate i6 bereits oue Soft.
nune atfgegeben". idreibt Mrs. 81.
:. Dir aus Glarfsbiae. Sel1r, .oodJ
Der @ebraud bon Or. Sings Mcm
DISCOVERY bat mir tpieoer lleues Sc.
ben eeseben." 9erinbt es. Soc urS
$f.00. @eriudsfIaide fret. @aran-
tiert bon alien 9ruegiiten.
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1910-04-30
Staat Q1to IoIeDo.

Tranf 5. G1enep befdtp5rt, oab
sr Der dltere Rartmer Der Sirma S. 5.
gbe1eb unb go. lift. tpeIde @efdaf.
tie in Der Gtabt Eolebo, in o6enaeranr,s
tenn County mlb @taate, tut, mno bah
beia9te Sirma Die S,tmme bon eins
bunbert 9~oIIars fir ieben SaG
bon 3atarrb be5ablen fpirb. Der burd ben
@ebraud bon SnIIs @atarrb<
9ur niht sebeilt tperben fann.
SranfS s. gbeneb,
Befdiporen Don MIR urb unters
f9rieben in meiner gegenuari
ON g.. September 81. g. '86.
SiegeI.
q. 90. @Ieaon. 6ffentlider Rotar.
9au's Ratarr1<&ur fpiro innerIiG ees
nomrneu unb tpirtt brett aif bas BIut
nno bic idIeimieen Oberfldden bes Sps
items. SaBt @u6 3eu9nifie frei aus
i6iden.
S. 8. gbeneb& Co.. EoIe6o. q.
9ertalft bon allen apotbefen. 75c.
Saq's EamiIienzyinen iino bic better.
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1910-04-30
Fin ]4aar Ilaarhrn

Iebig lang forteeett peroen, nit feinen onberen ais bmten ReImlta.
ten.
Sn 6GGen bon periooiidern aopfueb, i6padern pber idueraen.
Sem Ruden, l~tebelfet, neoer5ebenoen gefibIen, ObnmadtsanfGGen,
ongerneiner Sinaliefat lno merp1ier 3erruttans, baben 9auienbe in
@ine Of garoui minfommene 2inoentne bon ibrem oeioen eefan6en,
uno neue sQrfe un6 2ebensfroft.
Sic iino eruitid a~ufeeforbert, etnen griinoliden 1tb reoliben
@eriud) NIT ouder po5l6efannten, a%uberlGiigen limb erioIgreiden
Grouen aaebi5in 5u MAIDEN. lteberoIl gu baben.
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1910-04-30
HaoiealPeumne


S6ipa9e. nerb5te Nerfouen, espIoot BON ooff.
iunesIoltsfeit urb fdIe9ten 3rtuuseu, erf&bp.
tsnben ausflhtfen. Ryuft.. BADEN. nnb aopf.
unb oef4tss Aatarrb. Maetnbraden, etublbers
i@tcpfsns. gelbisieit. trrStsnL .4ittern. Rer.ilop.
finn eriabren aus benz rSusenifreanh", tpis
etnfu&a, f6nell uni btnis allie ~unnathrft.
Mcn TerIafte nnh anSsre UsIsru iusenh,
ttfler 8ertrrnneen srinblt1 sehetlt ,nh
uslle Wefnnbhett nmt Drp6inu suteSer.
trlanet tperben tSnnett. - Cams tteues
&etIperfabrea. Sster tetn sisner arst.-
ntefss qntercrtfrtTi4 tntsre9onte uub Iscr.
bon Jung urb alt, WanH unb Hrau, eeit}en
fpsroer foIlts, tonr eegen Qinfenbuna bon aH
Gents In Brisfmarfen berneeeh besoaen ssrbss
bon Der
Yripat'a liuii, 1S1--6. Abeuue
a1su Derk, .. y.
Wm ertpdhue bic freie Brehe !. Serds.
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1910-04-30
D(ae6en Sic einen griino(io6en Oer(uc6

0bidou, in Der Regel, Die critic 1laide @ine Of Garbui 2inoerlrng
bringen 1no mirflid @ntes itHten miro, bel Sen n1eHen 1ranenfranf=
beiteu, lit es INNER better, ~6eonbers in %bortnddieen 1dGen, einen
%erinbliten 0eriud] nit Ger 9feot5in 5u MAIDEN lnb i6r 3it 5l ge6en,
ibren bifreiden beienben Ginfnf auf bos gauge &6rperipitem ous5u-
iben. a%nsifGeBIid ans barnloien 9lan5emioffem beree1elt, fonn
fm, pbme gefa6r, bon Sung nmo Git gebraudt rno ibr @ebraud be-
The San Francisco call., 1910-11-20

much that was interesting, the artist
rejoices In one charm that seems per-
manent:
"Fisherman's wharf still remains,
however, to delight the lover OF the
picturesque.
In a rectangular basin, with but q
single exit to the bay, lie the lateen
sailed fishing smacks-blue, green. or
striped with red and yellow-with their
warm brown sails shading groups Of
fishermen gathered around their demi-
johns of wine. Most OF the
fishermen are Ligurians, and still count
In soldi, awaiting the day when, with
a tidy sum, they may return to the old
country to settle themselves IN some
tiny villa in the olive groves above the
sea- Many such a one have I encoun-
tered, passing his old age In the safe
harbors of Sestri or Chiavari-men who
have fished for years the far waters of
San Francisco bay"
Peixotto, the landscape artist finds
his passion on the Monterey peninsula.
Bewitched by the uncanny cypress that
make the seventeen mile drive" and
its adjacent forests place, as he says,
where Dante might have waited and
dreamed his tragedies and through
their solitudes the erlkoenig might dash
upon his sable charger"
In describing the weird groups of
these nervous trees the artist In the
writer dominates, and the form and
sense of the uncanny grove is depicted
in print as, well as In line. He writes:
After all, the features OF the coast,
unique OF their kind, are those fantastic
expresses that clothe its rocky promon-
tories with their strange growth
strong, durable as the rocks themselves.
built to resist the stoutest gale. Away
from the shore they grow more reason
ably, spreading their tops like giant
umbrellas. dull, thick and resistant. and
of a rich velvety green But close to
the water their lives are spent in con-
slant battle with the wind, their young
shoots Topped off, killed by the blast
from the seaward side, forcing their
growth constantly in one direction.
driving them landward and giving them
The San Francisco call., 1910-11-20

that strange fleeing movement that. to
my mind, is their salient characteristic.
Not an adept with sensitive English.
Peixotto has caught at a graphic phrase
when he describes the cypress OF Mon
terey as having that strange fleeing
movement" Crouching they seem,
bending, skulking with their deformed
stride from the fresh. open Pacific.
Peixotto is not yet through with the
eerie grove. "And In this battle he
continues. "toppling. strug Cling with q
one sided weight. their great trunks
throw out wedge shaped buttresses and
their branches thicken aloft into strange
elbows-fiying buttresses, as Ii were
that present a thin edge to the wind,
but broad. fat surface to support the
great weight overhead. Their limbs
by this process become contorted and
twisted into the strangest possible
shapes rendered stranger still by the
presence of a ruddy sea moss that
clings close to their under side-the
trentepohlia-of the color OF rusted iron
or of clotted blood"
Successful and forceful as the writer
Is In his description OF the trees, the
artist in Peixotto here triumphs and his
sketch Of the trees gives better the
spirit of their desperate plight there
on the edge OF a continent, bearing IN
the face of the great, angry sea the
DIuuL VI ZIG OdIt4C oClWSCA tAol ltO-
mendous element and their own impru-
dent clan.
Landscape, however 1t may warm the
blood Of the painter, does not constitute
romance-though what glorious oppor-
tunity for romance does the nobility Of
California's landscape suggest! There
must be men and women, vitality and
tradition to give romance Its trappings
Though not so keen in his appreciation
of this more vital ASPECT of Romantic
California" Peixotto does not neglect
It. In the part of the book, Souvenirs
Of the Past" he tells OF the reminders
In California of the Spanish days and
hints of the wealth of story behind the
adobe walls that line the Kings high
way from San Diego to Sonoma.
OF the mission bells he writes:
What memories they evoke-these
mission bells. The ringing OF their
The San Francisco call., 1910-11-20

but may yet be reSurrecred. And onry
recently we listened as the lonely bell
at San Miguel rang cut the angelus at
eventide and at San Luis ObispO on a
, peaceful Sabbath morning we heard
the cracked bell from the tower sum-
mon TO mass a few swarthy men and a
handful of dark women clad IN black
and wearing shawls upon their heads"
OF early mission life the writer gives
several glimpses, word pictures which
will be fresh and sweet to the stranger
IN California, probably, too. to many
a native Californian who has not yet
sensed the wonderful beauty OF early
California life.
With what recklessness do we speak
Of "early California life. as II we were
going back into some primitive Mosaic
period or q Columbian epoch. It is not
20 years ago. when the missions and
mission life were In the full flower OF
their prosperity and activity and the
merry shout of cabrillo and the demure
laugh of Spanish maiden Hghtened the
traveller as he rode. along FL Canine
Real which PeixOttO has just trav-
ersed in an automobile.
'It is not a highway in Spain-this
Canine Real-that l mean TO follow"
says Peixotto. but a highway in our
own land Spanish as any in Iberia,
a road of infinite variety, long enough
to traverse that peninsula. and running.
as it would there, from the desert
wastes of mountain plateaus to the
orange groves and palmetto OF soft
lands of sunshine.
while our patriot fathers were
struggling for their liberties along our
eastern seaboard, an old padre-el In
fatigable operariO de la Vina del SenOr.'
as his friend and companion calls him
was establishing his missions along our
The San Francisco call., 1910-11-20

silver chimes. one by one. as FatheF
Junipero founded his chain OF mis-
sions up and down the coast. walked to
life sleeping valleys and lofty noun
tains that hitherto had known no other
sound than the soft voices OF naturs
or the quiet singing Of the natives
the music OF their clapperS called the
Indian neophyte to prayer, to deea-
dence and to his final annihilation-the
clang OF their brazen tongues sum
moned the cassocked friar from con-
temptation In his bower declCed garden
to the cool white nave of the mission
church-summoned. too, the dark eyed
Spanish lady from the stiffness OF her
patio to prayer before the curved wood
affairs, to her marriage, to the baptism
OF her children.
Despite neglect and Times destroy
Ing finger. however. In many OF CALI
fornia's missions the bells survive and
still hang IN their campanariOs-in
some they even summon a few wor-
shippers TO prayer. Four bells at San
Juan Capistrano-a like number at San
Gabriel-three at Santa Inez. ring
their mathis and their vespera San
Antonio's voice IS hushed, to be sure.
The San Francisco call., 1910-11-20
NCRO S S M

to seek out the veritable bits of the
motherland that are to be found within
It's borders. For there are real bits
of Italy in Ca1ifornia-colonies that
retain their traditions intact, living the
picturesque life of the old country cul-
tivating their patches of basilico for
the minestra. drying their strings Of
garlic on the rooftops, or mending their
brown nets in the sunlight by the sea.
N"I visited the vineyards" writes Pei
xotto, named for the township in
Piedmont that produces the most re-
nowned of italian sparkling wines
the Asti spumante.
Situated on one of the upper reaches
of the Russian river, IN q wide and
comely valley, surrounded by partially
wooded hills, with the tall shafts of
woods, punctuating their crest from
time to time, Asti recalls the foothills
of the Bergamesque Alps or the lower
slopes OF the Apennines.
while visiting here, I veritably
passed my time in Italy. for every one
1 met and everything I saw was
Italian"
He rejoices in the picturesqueness of
the Italian quarter in San Francisco
Of Grant avenue (nee Dupont street).
of Montgomery avenue. of Broadway,
where. he writes. you will find the
principal restaurants {cheer for the
tourist who should have the book),
bona fide trattorie like the Trovatore
and the Flor d'Italia, where white
aproned walters serve minestra and
fritto misto, Dreaded outlets and sabag-
lone, while a piccolo brings bottles OF
wine from a counter tucked under the
stairs"
He tells of the theaters and of the
fall of the marionettes before the ap-
proach of the blatant nickelodeons and
moving picture shows. He extols the
excellent drama at the Italian theater
Regretting the loss in the fire Of
The San Francisco call., 1910-11-20

nesses are open, when the sky is ever
cloudless and the sea breezes blow
fresh from the Pacific.
Her Spanish discoverers had just
been reading Ordonez de Montalvo's.
then but recently published translation
of Lobeira's Amadis de Gaula' and the
additions thereto that he had entitled
Las Sergas de Esplandian. So, when
they came UP this rugged shore that
they mistook for an island separated
from the mainland by long gulf, they
named II In honor Of that imaginary
isle California, at the right hand OF
the Indies, and very near the terres-
trial paradise described by Montalvo
in these exploits of Esplandian. This
wonderful land was peopled with dusky
AmaZons, who bestrode great beasts
and fought griffons and other monsters
They owed allegiance to their queen.
Calaf1a; their arms were all of gold, as
well as the trappings of their horses,
no other metal being known upon the
island
The Spaniard did not hold this land
of gold quite long enough to see his
vision fulfilled, but California has de-
veloped far beyond his widest dreams
1T is the writer's conviction that
apart from the precious endowments Of
nature, California possesses many of
the charms that we are accustomed to
associate only with certain parts of the
old world. namely. a romantic, historic
background revealed in unfrequented
spots unknown to the general tourist:
an appeal to the lover of the pic
turesque. unfamiliar as yet, but, when
more generally realized, calculated to
make the state a mecca for our able
landscape painters, as well as certain
manifestations. such as the Grove plays
and the performances in the Greek
theater that are to be reckoned with
in the artistic development of our
country.
ITO point out these less known at
fractions OF the Golden State is the
object OF the present book"
Among Peixotto's artistic finds" in
California has been the environment of
the Italians dwelling In the state, both
In the city and in the vinec1ad country
districts Els most sympathetic pas
sages and his most delightful draw
ings have to do with the residence in
California of the folk of Italy. His
fascination is contagious He retoices
in his finds" OF them he says: but
southern California has often enough
been called our Italy and 1t is not
so much my purpose to follow these
reconstructions of Italy in California as
The San Francisco call., 1910-11-20

western coast. His chain Of churches
when completed. was linked by this
road, known to the Spaniard as Ell
Canine Real the kings highway-tha
only road marked by Dufot de Maufras
on his map OF upper California, pub
nshed In Paris just two years before
the American occupation. It stiu re-
mains the lonely highway that Il al
ways was, the only road connecting
the old Missions mere long stretch
upon the bare brown hills that skirt
the sea-"
There is much more in the book that
Is worthy OF comment. Peixotto fonnd
Sonoma, the old settlement OF General
Vallejo, which still retains adoba
ghosts OF It's former Spanish life. He
outlines the bear flag party's adventure
at Sonoma, which. he generously saws
reads like a bit OF early revolutionary
history"
But Monterey. as Is its heritage. wins
the most regard from Peixotto. It
must be remembered that the artist "a
not writing a history of California bur
reader OF this book can secure
sweeping idea of the states early
story, and here and there, tucked away
between words OF color and apprecfa-
tion OF line. Is a brief anecdote, a de-
scription OF a native ceremony. the ac-
count OF a Monterey wedding under
the Spanish regime. skeptical version
OF the story of General Sherman and
the gold of ophir rose IN the senorfta's
front yard, such glimpses OF life that
justify the title OF the volume, asRo-
mantle California"
chapter Is devoted to Bret Harte's
country. along Table mountain, Poverty
fiat, Chinese camp and Angels. With
sketches and anecdotes he reviews the
country as IT is today. different In many
respects from the district Harte knew,
but sJil1 retaining some shreds OF the
old romantic spirit with which Bret
Harte clothed 1t.
The Bohemian club will appreciate
the tribute paid to its jinks. and the
dweller In the McCloud country will
honor Peixotto for the honor he has
done to that romantic wood and river
land
The San Francisco call., 1910-11-20

yistas for the traveller IN California, to
point out new wonders, fresh coins from
the mint of romance. To accomplish
that feat he has neglected one feature
Of San Francisco life-and let heaven
praise him for that-he has not men
toned Chinatown. It takes magma
tion, courage. fortitude, determination,
to write Of this western metropolis of
ours without intruding It's exotic east
ern settlement into the tale. Particu
larly when one is an artist, with an
eye for the generous color Of the orient
However, the only glory of Golden Gate
park which the artist thought worthy
OF mention was the Japanese tea gar
den. The garden is e dainty place, a
curious and perfect growth set among
the harder features OF the park, but
why is 1t the most striking, the most
picturesque?
Peixotto's eye did not discover the
golden California poppy in his excur
sions about the state. There may be
CLINT of It's splendid gold In the book,
but 1t escaped US. It would be a curl
Gus omission, for Peixotto. like the
artist that he, IS, has seen the true
color Of the state In all it's tints and
glows, from the purple Of the grape
to the gray OF the sand dunes-he sees
them golden.
To give an idea of that color scheme.
scription OF San Francisco:
Its site, originally, was made up OF
endless dunes OF golden sand covered
with greasewood and blue lupin. The
bay Of San Francisco has been justly
compared with all the famous harbors
of the world. and surely IL merits COM
parison with the best of them. In its
roadsteads the united navies OF the
world could anchor; the Gulf OF Naples
can boast no purer blue-than It's azure
sky and no finer silhouette than pur-
pie Tamalpais looming to the north"
Nature having given the outline. the
artist demands that the detail be filed
in by man. Yet man." he says. has
added little to its loveliness, nay-I
say 1t in sorrow-has detracted much
from 1t. San Francisco has been living
through so strenuous q constructive
period that she has had but little time
for thoughts OF beauty. Let US hope.
however. that. with our other Ameri-
can cities, she will soon be able to
awake to q dream OF civil embellish-
ment-of beauty as an asset to wealth
and make of her water front, her Tele-
graph hill and her North beach shore
boulevards that will draw the tourist
crowd to linger within her gates"
In his preface Peixotto lures the
reader on to the delights OF California
He says:
''California's fruitfulness. her equa-
BILE climate, the wealth of her fields
and flowers. have been sung, and well
sung, and all the world admits the
beauty Of her garden spots. Her mild
winters are known, but she has, too,
cool summers when the mountain fast
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1910-12-22
.DBSTRUCTION0F =
LAWRENCE, KAN.
A Story Of the Destruction Of
Lawrence, Kansas and QUAINT
rells Band by E. G. Estes. :

On tie 10Th day of Aug. 1863
the people of the entire nation
paused long enough amid the
news Of the great battle OF the
civil war to note that the town
of Lawrence, Kansas. had been
destroyed aud 40 men killed.
To this day it RENAME mis-.
terry to many people.
To reach an understanding
one must 90 back to the begin
ming of the strife in Kansas In
1856 the strife whether Kansas
should be slave or free state
begun. The state was rapidly
being settled from Missouri,
Arkansas and Texas on the
part of the south.
The Abolition Societies OF
the east not to be out done
pushed whom so ever h e y
could fluid into the disputed
territory including large mum
Der from the Sums aud criminal
clan of the larger cities. As soon
as the civil war IVES really on