davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Los Angeles herald., 1910-05-24
CHICAGO GRAIN

Special service to The Herald by J. C. Will
son, member OF the Chicago board OF trade,
New York stock exchange and San Francisco
bond and stock exchange. 212 West Fifth
street, Los Angeles.
CHICAGO May 23.-Aquidatlon by the longs
in new crop futures and some indication either
OF liquidation OF long May or further selling
by those who have cash wheat to deliver has
made a very weak wheat market today. In
addition to the unloading by tired or discour-
aged holders, there has been further selling on
a fairly liberal scale here Of new crop wheat
for foreign account, principally September and
December. Leading longs have apparently not
tried to sell wheat, but have instead lent sup
port from time to time by buying September
or May at critical periods. Much covering OF
short wheat has been done, also further short
selling but the shorts now in such ad-
vantageous position that they have been in
position to act with caution on any additional
sales today. an have covered from time to
time. Little outside of actual pit operations
has been of interest to the trae today. Wealth
is highly favorable for the crop.
Corn ranged only a little lower than the
close Saturday. Wet and cold weather has
been unfavorable for completion of planting
and OF corn in low ground. Official forecast
of frost in northern corn area tonight, but fair
and warmer generally tomorrow. There has
been very heavy covering of short corn all
day, which has helped to sustain the market.
Cash corn steady to u cent lower in sample
market
Oats ranged lower, off more than corn, but
but by no means much as wheat. There
has been rather general selling of May oats
today by elevator people, who have been mean
while buying new crop months. Other shorts
have also bought distant oats futures. Crop
reports generally good today.
Provisions dipped little early, with grain
weakness, but selling pressure was limited,
hardened since. Weight of hogs coming in
now is very much heavier.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-05-24
EXPECTED RALLY
FAILS TO OCCUR
Disappointed Holders Sell to Re-
aIize, but Demand is
Very Slight
WHEAT TAKES SHARP BREAK
New York Banks Report Large
DiScounting from Outside
Institutions
LAssoclnted Pressl

NEW YORK, May 29.-Today's stock
market was disappointment to those
who took on stocks in the latter part of
last week in the expectation that a
broadening of demand and a rise In
prices were to be looked for this week.
The sagging tendency of prices was
directly due to selling to realize by
such disappointed holders, while the
expected demand was not in evidence.
The causes for the action OF the market
or its lack of action still remain OBJ
scure. The tone became decidedly weak
by the end of the day There was IN
sistence on the prospect that the old
project of listing United States Steel
on the Paris bourse was near its con-
summation. The stock market was not
Influenced by these claims nor by the
reports of signs of revival in the iron
trade. The sharp break in wheat prices
bore out the news of increasingly
favorable crop conditions, but allow
ance was made for the difficulties of
the speculative position In that market.
The evidence of liquidation there is
looked upon as secondary in Importance
only to the good progress of the crop
itself. New York banks report consid-
erable discounting here by outside
banks, while demand for mercantile
paper is Indifferent owing to consider
able resort by merchants to their own
banks for accommodation on the plea
that the collections at this time are
slow.
These points in the domestic money
situation and the course of the London
money market influenced those with
large funds to lend, rather than the
apparent abundance of money to lend
on collateral and on call in the stock
market. The receivership for the Chi
cago City Railways, following that of
the Hooking Valley property, was dis
liked as an evidence of the miscarriage
of plans of leading financial groups.
rather than for any direct effects on
the market.
Bonds were irregular. Total sales,
par value, $1,269,000. U. S. bonds un-
changed on call.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-05-24
MARKET RANGES

Cash quotations were follows Flour,
steady; No . rye. 776 67Sc; feed mixing
barley. 52Q57c; fair to choice mailing. SO
a 66c No. l southwestern haxseed. $2.09;
No / northwestern. $219; clover. $11.25;
mess pork per bbl, $23Q25; lard, per 100
lbs, $12.90@12.95; short ribs. sides. loose,
$1275Q13; short clear sides. boxed $3.50
Q1S.75.
equal to 20S 900 bushels Primary receipts
were 771.O00 bushels. compared with $685.
600 the same day last year. The visible
supply of wheat in the United States de-
creased $4,000 bushels for the week. The
amount OF breadstuffs in ocean passage in
creased 1O4, 900 bushels. Estimated receipts
for tomorrow: Wheat. SO cars: corn. 230
cars; oats. 922 cars; hogs 1900 head.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-05-24
RETAIL PRICES
COTTON AND WOOL

ST. LOUIS, May 23.-Wool, steady; me-
dunn grades combing and clothing, 23@ 24ei
light fine, 20@22c; heavy fine, l5916o; tuh
NEW YORK. May 2S-Cotton closed
steady at net loss of 5@1O points. Spot
closed quiet middlng uplands. l540c; dc
gulf. 15.65c; sales 1886 bales. Futures
closed steady; May. Isle: June. 1870
INV 1514c; August, 14.SSc: Sept. 13.71ci
Oct. 12SSc: Nov. 12.7sc; Dec. 1271c; Jan
126gc; March. 1870
Los Angeles herald., 1910-05-24
CHICAGO LIVE STOCK

CHICAGO. May S.-Cattle-Receipts es-
timated at $4,000 head; market strong to
shade off; beeves s5.6OQs.6O; Texas steers,
s5@64O; western steers, $5.25@L4O; stock
ers and feeders. $4@6.6O; cows and heifers.
s2.s0DL15; calves. $5.5O@I50.
Hogs-Reoeipts estimated at $4,000 head i;
market slow and steady; light $4,000 9.70;
mixed, S9.65@9.70; heavy. $3.50 $40;
rough s9.350950; good to choice heavy,
$9.s0a 9.7O; pigs. s910Q9,6O; bulk of sales,
S9.60@9.70.
,Sheep-Receipts estimated at 10000 head /;
market weak and shade lower; natives, 81 q
6.501 western, $4@650; yearlings, S6.25p
7.7O native lambs. s5.75 $50; westerns.
s6.259s.eo.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-05-24
FINANCIAL RECORD

NEW YORK, May 23.-Money on call
steady 3a3h per cent; ruling rate. 8 per
cent; closing bid, IA per cent; offered at
az per cent. Time loans steady; sixty days
5 a per cent; ninety days n a per cent;
six months 4@4 IA per cent. Prime mercan-
tile paper 4%@5 Ia per cent. Sterling en-
change strong with actual business in bank
ers bills at 4s4259A8440 for sixty days,
and at 4.87S0 for demand. Commercial bills
4.S3%@4s4. Bar silver. SO 9-Sc; Mexican
dollars, 44c. Government bonds steady;
railroad bonds irregular.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-05-24
TREASURY STATEMENT

WASHINGTON. May 2S.-The condition
of the treasury at the beginning of business
today was follows: Trust funds-Gold
coin, 1856 .S69; silver dollars s490,11O,-
600; silver dollars of 1890. S3.71s,000; silver
certificates outstanding. $3.50. lilo. 900. Gem
eral fund-Standard silver dollars. s1,992,-
966; current liabilities. ss7.973.5s2; working
s37,727,2 2s5; subsidiary silver coin. s21,363.
s4s; minor coin. $1.32o.553; balance. sS2.-
1O1,639,
Los Angeles herald., 1910-05-24
CALIFORNIA DRIED FRUITS

NEW YORK, May 29.-Bvaporated apples
quiet and steady; spot, fancy. 10c; choice
S0Shc; prime 7@7hc; common to fair, 6
@6hc. Prunes, firm, ranging from sQS%c
for CALIFORNIA; up to 30-4Os and u q SC for
Oregonss Apricots firm; choice, 1O1ac; ex-
ira choice. 1o% @11ihc; fancy. II 1h Q12 Nc
Peaches, steady; choice, 6h@6%c; extra
choice, 707Mc; fancy, INC. Raisins, dull;
steady; loose muscatels, 3%@5Ac; choice
to fancy seeded, 4%96%c; seedless, Sh q
41sc; London layers. s1.20@1.25.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-05-24
VISIBLE GRAIN SUPPLY

NEW YORK. May 2s-The visible supply
OF grain Saturday, May 21, as compiled by
the New York Produce exchange. was;
Wheat, 29,030,0 900 bushels. decrease $4,000
bushels; corn, 6,541, 900. decrease 1898, 900;
oats, 74l6,00, increase 10000; rye, 5,b03,-
OOO increase $4,000; barley, 2,152,000. in
crease 117.000. Canadian wheat. 7Ss3,oO0,
increase $4,000.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-05-24
FRUIT MARKET

SAN FRANCISCO, May 2S.-strawberries
s2.5095; blackberries 25030c; raspberries,
$1Q1.5O; common peaches. 75o; fancy 81
navel oranges. $150@325; Mexican lines,
$647; common California lemons s1.25q 4;
fancy cantaloupes. $3.50; common. 81;
bananas, 75c@$3; pineapples, $2.5OqS.50
Los Angeles herald., 1910-05-24
NEW YORK COTTON
Special service to The Herald by J. c. VIII
son, 212 West Fifth street, Los Angeles.


son, 212 West Fifth street. Los Angeles
NEW YORK. May 2S.-Todays first cotton
prices were influenced considerably by crop
damage reports from the cotton belt and pr-
vate kilograms as to unfavorable weather.
Therefore. the opening level including the rail-
ly which followed, carried May and July 16
and IA points and October points above Sat
urday's closing prices. During the balance of
the day the market was much quieter traders
showing a disposition to take profits, and some
selling was created by contradiction of early
unfavorable weather reports.
Prices sagged off, closing slightly lower than
Saturday. There was no very particular fea-
ture any time during the session, both the
professionals and outside traders showing a
disposition to wait.
New York spot cotton quiet and unchanged
at 15 4Oc Sales, 6O56 bales; ellvered on con-
tract. II, 800 bales.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-05-24

Morning sales-200o Spring v Water As 92l5;
1000 Sacramento Elec IS 1oolA; 1000 Assd Oil 5s
9Sk; 1000 Key Route 5s 104B; 100 Ass'd OIL
Hutchinson 1874; 80 Northern Cal Power "a; 20
Pac Light com 6sh 300 Palmer OIL 1571a; $50
Spring Water 47A 80 do 47Is.
Afternoon sales-1000 Pac Light gtd 5s 101h
10 Assd Oil 54 10 Pac Tel com So; 75 Spring
Water 4S.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-05-24
FINANCIAL

LOS ANGELES, May 23.-Bank clearings
were SO, ia 1880, an increase of s696 6666.1s as
with the amount for the correspond
ing date Of last year. Following is a compara-
tive statement
1910. 1909 1908.
May TIA. no. 30 s2.17s, O4574 s1,4S9 81
Los Angeles herald., 1910-05-24
NEW YORK BONDS

Special service to The Herald by ]. C. Will
son. 2l2 West Fifth street. Los Angeles. mem
ber New York stock exchange, Chicago board
of trade, stock and bond exchange OF San
Francisco.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-05-24

It's as easy TO secure a bargain in a used
automobile, through want advertising. as II
used to be-and still is-to secure horse
and earn iage.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-05-24
Los ANGELES STOCK EXCHANGE

The Monday market was far from the usual
Monday kind. as It started in brisk and was
bright and active all during the day. Prices
showed increase In nearly every case and
some good ones.
In the bond and bank stocks there was
nothing to report
Among the industr1als Home preferred was
strong at 37%.
The oil stocks were very brisk. California
Midway kept traders busy watching its fuctu-
ations between SO and "a. but It closed nearly
tho same as 1t opened. Jade was a good trader
and about the same as Saturday In quota
tion. There seemed to be buyers In sight for
all the stock thrown on the floor New Penn
sylvania was a good trader at 106, the highest
price for this stock reached for some time
Associated firm at about the same prices.
but was a light trader Palmer was firm at
Saturdays close and was strong Oleum
showed good advance; sold at 9.
California Hills the only one in the
mining list traded in, at gain OF half a
point.
The market was one of the best the exchange
has had for some time. Prices were good and
make good turns.
MORNING SALES
20 Home Tel pfd S7,75; 15 Amalgamated Oil
co. 1000 Cal Midway 5S5s; 5000 do 53h; 1900 do
5i 5000 do 539s = 6O00 do 53h 1000 do 53h; 1000
do 53%; 1000 do. B, 80, 531s; 1000 do do 5SSs 300
Jade 46; 1000 do 45A; 1000 do 461a 1000 do 46A;
1000 do 45 2OO0 do, B. 3d. 46; 1000 do do AZ; 1000
do do 46% 1000 do do 46h 10 Mex Ltd pfd
6s 1000 New Penn 1.o5; 1000 do B. 80. 1.Ui
$4,000 Palmer L67; 20OO Rice Ranch oil Co, B.
80 90; 1000 Oleum Dew Co 7Js; 1000 do 8; 20
Union 10S.
AFTERNOON SALES
2S Home Tel pfd 3775; 90 do S762ta; 10 As
ISOLATED Oil SO. e21h; 20 do $50; 1000 Cal Mid
way, B. 30. 54ss 5000 do 81; 2OOO do, B. 30, 541a
5000 do 53N; 1000 do 63%; 1000 do, B. 30. 5i4
1000 Jade Oil Co 457s 5000 do 4515; 5000 do 45&;
1000 do 49, 1000 do b. 30, 46A; 1000 New Pa
Pet Co 1.06 1000 Rice Ranch Oil Co, B. 30
95 1000 do do 96h; 1000 Central 2.01h; 1000
Oleum Dew Co 81; 1000 do s%; 5000 do S%
5000 do o.
Off board-2O0O Union Prov Co LOG; 1000 Jade
Oil Co 46A 1000 Palmer Oil Co, s. 30, 1.57.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-05-24
NEW YORK STOCKS

Special service to The Herald by j. C. Will
son. e1e West Fifth street, Los Angeles, men,
Der New York stock exchange, Chicago board
Of trade. stock and bond exchange OF San
Francisco.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-05-24

LIVERPOOL, May 2s-Pacihe coast hops
in London "a O Ga los.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-05-24
DAILY MINING GALL
OFFICIAL SALES
LISTFD STOCKS

Morning-4OO0 California Hills 1914.
Afternoon-1OOO California Hills 1ON; 1000 dc
1914; 5000 do, b. 30 H.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-05-24
SAN FRANCISCO STOCK
AND BOND EXCHANGE

Special service to The Herald by J. C. Will
son, 212 West Fifth street, Los Angeles, mem
of trade stock and bond exchange Of San
Francisco.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-05-24

SAN FRANCISCO, May 23.-Following were
the closing quotations:
Los Angeles herald., 1910-05-24
FLOUR AND FEED

Following are the wholesale prices on doua
aad feed. furnished by the Globe mills:
FAMILY FLOUR
Al HOQrs per z0
Al flour retails at S175 Il and 95c 1s sack.
Globe Hour, per 40
Globe -four retals at $19o 4 and 81 II sack.
Silver 5.Ar flour, per bbl..,...,............$5O 90
~ IN
Los Angeles herald., 1910-05-24
PAcIFIc COAST HOES

Spot cotton, l5,4oc; unchanged.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1910-03-22
Household Letters
After Two Years Silence

Dsar Miss Thomas; 1t has been two years
s,ncs I'VE written. | was devoted reader
OF the dear old Semi-Weekly Journal Tor
wears before I left my dear childhood nome
ing our Household and the letters seem to grow
better each week.
I'VE moved here two years ago. get home
sick and want TO see the loved ones at home,
30 visit them twice each year.. l spent
Christmas with them, and the readers who
joyed II. While visiting my widowed sister
we had an experience with drunken man,
and OH how frightened we were. We had 10
take him In, as he was nearly frozen, but
was up next morning looking for his hat,
which we could not find anywhere, so my
am interested in the letters on training
children, for l have little boy and am
doing my best to train him so that he will
be loved. i would not like for Mr.. Bach 10
at play with Tige, his pet dog, though try
TO keep him clean at meal times. He Is
begging TO tell mama and danpapa his
love.
Mae Johnston lives but a few. miles from
my old home. 1 have visited at Juliette, Ga,
Mrs. Jackson, TO be a sweet, patient sufferer.
Lucille, do tell the secret you mentioned
I am listening. ] read your first letter. Wish
I knew You personally.
/ haven't seen single badge. Am crazy
for one. remember what our dear lady
has said ] have relatives in Atlanta. and
contemplate visiting them In the near future
and shall call on Miss Thomas. L trust she
will compliment my boy baby she did
Mrs. Pansys.
My chickens are calling me. and the lit
lie boy is crying, Thank you, mama. Tor
Wishing all happy. prosperous year. I am
the same ELLA.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1910-03-22
Care of Pigeons

If pigeons are crowded into a
small space, and the proper atten-
ton to cleanliness be lacking, do
not expect good results.
A beginner should start with
only a few pairs at first and see
how he likes the business before
buying a large number of birds.
Warmth and dryness are essen
tial to a healthy mott.
AS pigeons grow older, Noting
becomes a greater ordeal, so much
so that old birds have at times
great difficulty in either shedding
or renewing their feathers, espe-
cially the larger feathers of the
flights and tail.
A pair of pigeons should be as
near the same size as possible.
Rheumatism is pretty sure to
show itself II pigeons are allowed
to sleep in an open window or In
a draught.
Poor Judgment is more often dis
played in the purchase of breeding
stock than it is in the erection of
buildings.
There is a great deal more trou-
BILE In raising and selling breeding
stock than there is in marketing
squads ..-.- ---
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1910-03-22
When | Am Dead

when I am dead. forget me dear,
For I shall never know,
Though Ger my cold and lifeless hands
Your burning tears shall flow.
I'll cancel with my living voice
The debt you owe the dead
Give me the love you'd show me then.
But give II now instead
And bring no wreaths to deck my grave,
For i will never care
Though all the flowers that l love most
Should grow and wither there.
I'll sell my share OF all the flowers
You'll lavish when I'm dead
For one small bunch of violets
You give me now instead.
What saints we are, when we are gone,
But what's the use to me,
With praises written on my tomb.
For other eyes to see,
One little simple word OF praise
To me when living said
Is worth q hundred epitaphs,
Dear, say IL now instead
Our faults. that now are hard to bear.
Oblivion soon shall win
Our sins % soon forgiven US
When VI no more can sin.
But any bitter thoughts OF me.
Keep II. for when I'm dead
I shall not know. shall not care.
But love me now instead
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1910-03-22
EXCELLENT PROGRAM
FOR FOUNDERS DAY
Gordon Will Celebrate Found
inu of School on March %
With Many Events

Especial Dispatch to The JournaLl
GAINESVILLE. Ga, March 1s.-Found-
er's day will be celebrated by the people
OF GAINESVILLE on March Is. this being the
second annual celebration OF the founding
Of Gordon.
When the celebration was first attempt
ed last year IL proved q big success in
every respect. and It was decided then
and there to make the celebration an
annual event The exercises this year
win be much more appropriate and bet
ter than last. and a record-breaking
crowd is expected to be in attendance
Engraved invitations have been issued
TO all graduates OF Gordon, as well as
many who have been Instrumental In
making the school sUcn a success Many
acceptances have been received from the
invitations already issued. and record
breaking crowd is expected In Barnesville
on March *
Hon. c. Murphey Gambler. OF Decatur.
and c. B. Gibson. of Columbus. are the
orators Of the day. Both will deliver able
addresses on the past work of the school
and what is expected OF IL in the future.
They viii be aided in making the pro-
gram q success by the students of the
school
Following is the program:
THE DAYS EXERCISES.
10 a m--Grand march. Procession
formed in front OF postofice.
1880 a. MIN the auditorium.
1870 p. Mon the campus. Basket
dinner.
2:30 ?. m--Athletic park. Baseball
game. Gordon versus Mercer.
s:Sop. m--Reception at Carnegie library.
PROGRAM IN AUDITORIUM.
Freshman class song.
Sophomore class song.
Address-Mr. C b Gibson. Columbus.
Ca
Junior class song.
Senior class song
Address-Mr. Charles Murphey Gambler.
Decator. Ca
Chorus-Gordon-
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1910-03-22

sistent with honor to avoid doing so.
Barron persisted, and the men met at
Bladensburg. When the word fire" was
given, Barron fell. wounded in the hip,
where Decatur said he would shoot him.
Decatur was shot in the abdomen and
fell soon after Barron. He was taken
to his home, where he died that night.
No man was ever more regretted by the
country that this heroic officer, and he
was followed to his grave by the largest
concourse of people-public and private
that had ever assembled in Washington
city. After temporary interment there
he was taken to Philadelphia and buried
in the venerable churchyard of st. Pc
ter's, not far from the house, 519 South
Front street, where the hero passed his
happy early days.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1910-03-22
Swine Notes

Don't select a heavy, lazy sow
for a breeder. She should be mild
in disposition, but possessed Of
sufficient energy to take exercise.
A pure bred hog will mature
and come into money more quick
Iy than a scrub and bring more
money for the same weight at that.
Red clover in bloom is not good
for hogs, but when young 1t
makes a fine pasture.
Neither rape nor clover alone
will do for growing. fattening
hogs. They must have some grain
twice a day for best results.
Those Virginia farmers who
raise hams for the New York folks
at rs to 80 cents per pound use the
small Berkshires or the Tam
worths.
The woven wire fence makes
hog pasturing easy compared with
the old-fashioned rail fence.
Too much corn causes the bones
OF heavy hogs to break easily,
A muddy lot makes a more ex-
pensive feeding floor than one Of
boards or cement. No waste on
the latter.
Short bedding for the narrowing
SOW. The youngsters sometimes
become tangled in the long straw
and are overlaid and killed by the
mother.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1910-03-22
Especial Cable to The Journal.)


Princess de Sagan, formerly Anna
Gould, of New York. who has added an
other debt-ridden title to her name. BY
the death of her father-in-law her hus-
band, Prince de Sagan, has fallen heir
TO the ancient principally of Sagan In
Prussia, which carries with 1t several
titles and the prefix Serene Highness,
but she will be unable to enjoy her new
domain until she has satisfied the swarm
of creditors, who have seized the prop
erty until the many long standing debts
are paid.
Her marriage to Count Boni cost her
more than S12. 600 900. and she is still pay
iff of the debts incurred by the extrav-
agant and pleasure-loving count. To add
insult to injury, the French courts nave
decided that she must continue to pay
&. 600 a year to the parents of Count Boni
de CasteIlane; in accordance with an
agreement she made when she married
the count. After her divorce from Boni
she ceased paying this annuity, but her
former husband brought suit and came off
victorious. She was also compelled to
pay $4,000, the amount due since the last
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1910-03-22

Stephen Decatur was one of the most
brilliant Officers OF the old navy. He
entered the service when the naval sp1r-
it was at its lowest ebb. He was with
out training as an officer, when, at 20
he began the career that was to bring
him fame. Before he was 20 he had
been twice honored by the presentation
OF a sword by congress, and at 30 ne
was a captain, in command of the noble
frigate Constitution. His deeds OF val
or make a narrative like dashlng ro-
nance ais qualities were those the
naval officer today can emulate with
profit to himself and his country, and
every patriot regard with satisfaction
Decatur was killed in a duel with Capt.
James Barron, fought on March 22,
1920. and his remains die in an old Gem
etery in Philadelphia, marked by an
elaborate shaft.
1t was the inexplicable portion of des-
tiny that Decatur should meet his death
at the hands of a fellow officer. In
1920. when but a few months more than
40 years of age, at the height of his
physical powers and popularity, he was
living in Washington, being member
of the board OF naval commissions, es-
tablished in 1915, and composed of Off
GERS acting as advisors to the secretary
of the navy.
Having inherited property from his
father, who had amassed a moderate
fortune in seafaring out OF Philadelphia,
Decatur had built fine house in Wash
ingtonI over which his accomplished
though childless wife presided with
winning grace. The cause of Decatur's
death may be traced back nearly IL
years, to an unhappy incident of histor-
&c character preceding the second war