Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1910-03-25

laid at depth of from two to three
feet below the surface of the finished
roadway, and, where possible, back
filled with gravel or loose stone, as
shown on blue eprint.
Side drainage should also be care
fully looked after and bitches pro-
vided, as shown by standard cross
section, care being taken to pass the |
water through. or underneath the |
roadway, at frequent intervals. in
order to avoid accumulating a large
amount Of water and causing it to
flow for long distance parallel to
and along the roadway.
The surface of the road should be
finished with care, so as to provide
gooc surface drainage and prevent
the water from standing in holes at
any point on the roadway.
The road should have crown or
slope of not exceeding twelve inches
in fifteen feet from the center to the
side of the road.
Where the rate of grade does not
exceed 3 per cent. this may be re-
duced to 10 inches or even less. as it
is necessary to give the road a great
er crown on a heavy grade than on
comparatively level sections. in Or
der to prevent the formation of ruts
due to water flowing down the wheel
tracks on steep hill-sides.
| Culverts may be constructed of
wood, galvanized iron, vitrified pipe,
cast iron, brick or concrete.
| The standard crOsS-sectiOn may be
varied to suit different widths of
roadway and general conditions.
Each road will be judged on the
merits of the actual cross sections
obtained.
Tho following are the points on
which the roads will be judged. One
hundred representing ideal condi-
tions and the following credits al
lowed:
Location 20 points. Under loca-
tion the road will be judged as to its
position on the ground with refer
ence to the best location to be OBJ
tanned, taking into account local
conditions, and the amount of earth
ITO be moved to obtain suitable grade.
Grade 15 points. The maximum
grade permissible will be five per
cent. Any piece of road having a
grade of five per cent. will be ex-
cluded from the contest. The light
er the grade the better the road.
This is also true OF the amount of
grade in a given distance. The use
of vertical curves at changes of grade
is recommended
| Width of roadway 10 points. A
road having width of thirty feet or
over, which may bc Travelled, will be
given ten points. Roads of less than
thirty feet for travel will be marked
down at the rate of one point per
foot of width that the road falls
short of thirty feet.
Cross-section of roadway 10 points.
The cross-section should conform to
the general lines of the standard
cross-section, as per sketch, but may
be varied to suit different widths OF
roadway, drainage conditions and
, the general topography.
, Drainage 25 points, divided as fol
lows: Surface drainage, 10 points
, sub-surface drainage. 5 points; cul
, verts. 5 points.
Surface drainage will cover the con
ditions of the surface of the road
way; the bitches and precautions
taken to keep the surface water from
, the slopes of the excavations.
Sub-drainage will take into &C
count provisions made for the re
moval of ground water. where il
would be dangerous to the roadbed.
| Culverts will include all open-way.
for passing under the road-bed, al
,l~o:ro~o
Pipe culverts and concrete con
structions, when used with concrete
head-walls, will be considered first
3 class.
Pipe culverts of all kinds will
wooden end-walls, second-class.
Wooden culverts, third.
In case road is built so as to pro
vide perfect drainage withour tn
necessity of constructing culverts
= and in all other respects conforms t,
the requirements of these specifica
'' tions, the full twenty-five points al
lowed for drainage will be given.
Foundation Of sub grade, 10 points
This will include the preparation o
the sub-grade and the material place,
in the roadway.
Genera! appearance, 10 points
This will cover the appearance of tn
entire section OF road taken as Who'll
= together with all attempts to beautif.
the right-of-way.
al The Highway Commission has il
preparation standard plans of con
. struction for each class of rOa'
adapted to every locality in tn
State. When these plans are com
: pleted and published and in tn
hands of road supervisors and build
Il