davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1910-02-11

are chief engineers IN charge Of the
road work Of single departments and
cOmmunes. Single ACCOMPLISHMENTS are
under the direction of ordinary en-
gineers and underengineers, the latter
being equivalent in rank to noncom-
missioned officers in the army. The
subdivisions are under the direction of
principal conductors and ordinary con-
ductors. Next in line come the fore
men Of construction gangs, the clerks
employed at headquarters and finally
the cantonniers, or patrolmen, each hav-
ing from four to seven kilorneters Of
highway under his immediate supervi-
sion.
Probably the most important unit in
this great army of workers is the can
tonnier, or patrolman. who has charge
Of single section of the road. He
keeps the bitches open, carefully fills
holes and ruts with broken stone, re-
moves dust and deposits of sand and
earth after heavy rains. trims the
trees and bushes. and when ordinary
work is impossible he breaks stone
and transports it to points where it is
likely to be needed. He brings all
matters requiring attention to the no.
tice of his chief.
There are at the present time 49,
759 miles of road in England, for
which the annual expenditure for the
RI
059,000. 1t is therefore evident that
the annual expenditure per mile of
road amounts to about $500. In view
of the fact that most Of the principal
roads of England have already been
constructed. this large annual expendi-
ture would appear to be devoted in a
large measure to maintenance 1t
would seem that a system which re-
quires an annual outlay of $500 per
mile for the entire mileage must be in
effective and costly. The explanation
of this is found perhaps in the fact
that in England the maintenance of
the public highways devolves entirely
on local authorities, these numbering
about 1900.
AS to skilled supervision it may be
said that no qualifications are required
by law to be possessed by the men in
charge of road building and mainte-
nance, but it is the general practice in
the important districts to appoint ex-
perienced highway engineers for this
work.
Germany is a federation of states,
and it follows that road administra-
tion is conducted separately by each
state of the empire. The imperial gov
ernment exercises very little control
over the highways and does not in any
way contribute to the expense of their
construction and maintenance
A striking feature of the Saxon road
system is the practice of planting fruit
trees along the roads.
Each canton has at the head of it's
road system an engineer with capable
assistants. The engineers and their
assistants must have an academic edu-
cation and possess diploma from the
Polytechnic institute, while the road
masters are required to have a good
technical education.-L. w. Page in
Good Roads Magazine.
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1910-02-11
GRASS LAND "MINlNG,"
Hay Farming Gradually Extracts Fer
tility From the Soil.

tiIity From the Soil.
Hay farming is sometimes called
mining the land because it is supposed
10 gradually remove and exhaust the
fertility of the farm in the same way
chat mining removes the ore supplies
Yet production of hay for market pur-
poses seems to be more and more pop
ular Of late years, owing partly to the
high prices of hay and to the better
understanding of the use of agricul-
tural chemicals for hay production.
Hay farming with chemicals as COM
monty practiced no doubt removes
more fertility than it restores, but the
process is very slow and no doubt
highly profitable under right conditions.
The owner Of fertile, moist grass
land might well say with the mine
owner that he cannot afford to leave
too much ore in the ground or too
much fertility in the soil, but prefers
to sell it and have the value at inter-
est. Fertile, moist land will often con-
tinue producing good, profitable crops
OF market hay for an ordinary work
Ing lifetime. In England, where the
climate is very favorable to grass, d
sod is often kept fifty years without
breaking. Not much land in this coun-
Try will stand cropping SO long to one
specially, but natural grass land will
stand the process very long time.
To exhaust the land as little as pos
s1ble it is necessary not to scrimp in
top dressing, but to put back the great
er part of the fertility that is taken
out by the crop, returning it in the
form Of manure or chemicals, or both
combined. If the land is top dressed
enough to keep the crop large, but not
extra large, say about two tons per
acre the first cutting, while the second
cutting is not moved nor fed off, but
allowed to stay and decay on the land,
akgood deal Of fertility and vegetable
matter will be returned to the soil, and
this course may be kept up long
time, especially on soil which is deep
and fertile-as for instance, a piece
t'r swale which has been draintiled
three and one-haf to four feet below
the surface. Such soil is often almost
perfect for grass-a genuine hay mine,
so to speak-and with right treatment
will continue to return a big income
for twenty years or more.
The plan of hay farming with chem
icals has its attractions, especially for
the oldish man who desires to get rid
of the care of live stock and to cut
down his labor outgo to the lowest
possible amount. With good grass land
it is considered that the plan of mod
crate top dressing with chemicals
brings larger income for the labor
employed than any other system Of
management. Frequent plowing will
give a larger average crop with an
equal amount Of fertilizer, but it costs
more to produce and is more work to
harvest.
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1910-02-11
LITTLE FACTS FOR FARMERS.

There are now sixty-fve active beet
sugar factories located in sixteen diff
ferent states. Last year 365, 900 acres
were given over to beets. and the
farmers delivered to the factories
3,47O,OOO tons.
Good, strong. well developed pigs
from mature sires and dams will make
better growth and more economical
gains than the understood runts that
result from breeding immature sows
to some six-months-old boar pig.
Somebody has estimated from sta
tistics that fruit trees and bushes will
bear for the following periods: Apple,
25 to 40 years; blackberry. 6 to IA
years; currant, 20 years; gooseberry,
8 to IL years; pear, so to 75 years;
plum. 20 to 25 years; raspberry, 6 to
IA years; strawberry. 1 to years.
The largest grapevine in the world
fiourishes at San Gabriel, Cal. 1t was
planted by the San Franciscan friars
and is 120 years old. The stalk is one
and one-half feet in diameter and eight
feet high, and the branches and foliage
cover 5000 square feet. Last year it
produced two and one,half tons Of
grapes.
Lean. lank hogs and poor fences will
discourage almost any farmer who has
such a combination. With animals
that will multiply as rapidly as pigs
1t seems almost a shame to See a man
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1910-02-11
HIGHWAYS IN THE WEST.
Use of the Automobile by Farmers
Aiding the Improvement Movement.

NIoilS 1ne Improvement movement.
Road improvements in the west, al
ready noticeable to slight degree, are
sure to follow when the farmers of
that section awake to the realization
of their condition as compared with
some of those of the east. Nothing
will arouse the farmers to this so
much as the use of the automobile, and
it will be the more general use of the
car by the farmer that will result in
better roads.
In sections where farmers are using
cars to any extent road improvements
are already noticed, but there is still
room for more, and more there will be
in the near future. Motoring is most
enjoyed on good smooth roads. Farm
ers owning cars realize this as we'll as
any, and not only are they bestirring
themselves toward appropriations for
good highways, but are in many cases
furnishing the labor necessary for road
betterments. -4
In some farming sections of the west
automobile owners can be picked out
by a glance at the roadway in their
immediate neighborhood. Near their
houses rough. uneven surfaces have
been smoothed off and soft. slippery
roadways resurfaced. Each farmer
seems to take interest in the roads near
his own home. When more farmers
have cars, and they are buying them
rapidly, there will be more short
stretches of perfect roads, and at some
future time, not far distant, the stretch
will be untroken.
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1910-02-11

pies, thus making them fit tirmer and
closer together. The head or end that
is usually opened upon reaching mar
ket is placed at the bottom end in fill
ing.
Before starting to pack put in cor
rugated apple barrel cap or two or
three layers of nicely folded white or
plain brown paper. This not only
keeps the fruit in better shape, but
prevents it from bruising. When this
is done the barrel is ready to be
faced" This consists Of placing by
hand from two to three rows Of fruit,
stem end down. After facing" the
apples are carefully poured in and the
barrel frequently shaken until it is al
most full. The last two or three rows
may be placed by hand. stem end up.
thus facing both ends of the pack
age.
The last layer of fruit should extend
about one inch above the chine of the
barrel and be covered either with a
corrugated apple barrel cushion cap
or with two or three layers of neatly
folded paper, as used in the other end
The head is then put on and forced
into place with an apple barrel press
There are several types of these press
es, differing slightly from the one H.
lustrated. but all answering the same
purpose. After mailing the head in
place and seeing that all hoops are Sc
curely fastened in their proper posi-
tions label the barrel. and it is ready
for market.
In packing apples see that each pack
age is well filed with the same grade
throughout. including top. middle and
bottom. Put up strictly first class,
honest pack or keep the fruit at home
Honesty is the best policy" and the
only one that pays in the fruit busi-
ness.
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1910-02-11
arm, a,,a
Garden
HOW TO BARREL APPLES.

Grower Gives Suggestions on Packing
and Heading.
There's an art in knowing how to
grade and pack barrel Of apples, and
the heading of the barrel is not the
least thing about the job. On this
topic an experienced apple grower. S.
B. Shaw of Randolph county. N. c.,
offers these valuable suggestions:
Before beginning to pack see that
the barrel is resting on solid base.
If packing in the orchard provide
planks or boards on which to place the
barrels while being filed. This keeps
the head of the barrel clean and en-
ables the packer to rack" it to better
advantage. "Racking" is the shaking
Of the barrel from time to time during
the packing in order to settle the ap-
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1910-02-11
Object Lesson In Good Roads.

A Glastonbury Comm rural free de-
livery carrier became. tired of travel
ing the dirt roads on his route and,
finding that he had no right to dictate
to road officials in regard to needed re-
pairs, took little of his spare time
and had the fourth postmaster gen.
eral advised on the subject. That Off
cial replied that If the roads were not
put In repair at the earliest possible
date-thirty days-the carrier can de-
viate from those portions of his route
that are out of repair and inform
the families residing on these roads
that the department will not main
tain rural service over any road that
cannot be Travelled by the carriers
with facility and safety at all seasons
Of the year.
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1910-02-11
0URR0ADSCOMPARED
Reasons Why France Has Best
Highways In Europe.
HER METHOD is SUPERIOR.

Road Laws In United States Until Re-
Gently Were the Same as EngIand's
Of the Colonial Days-Germany's
Unique System.
The present road situation in the
United States may be briefly summed
up as follows:
In mileage we have the most tremen-
dous system Of roads which any coun-
try has ever possessed since the world
began. According to careful road
census, the length Of all of our roads
amounts to 2,155,0OO miles. The most
liberal estimate Of our annual expendi-
. ture on these roads. both in money and
labor. was a fraction over $4,000, 900
in 1904, or about $1.05 per capita. At
the same rate this would be an ex-
penditure of about $9O,OOO,0OO a year
at the present time.
According to our road census, we
have less than 10000 miles of stone
surfaced road, or about 2 per cent of
the total mileage. We have 10000
miles of gravel road, Or about per
cent of the total mileage. Small as
our annual expenditure for roads has
been, it has aggregated during the
thirty year period from 1870 to 1900 a
total Of upward of $1,SOO.OO0,OOO We
may therefore say that the road build
ing in the United States is, consider
ing area, population and wealth, at
the same point at which it stood thirty
years ago and the seventeen hundred
and odd million dollars have produced
few appreciable results.
When we turn to the subject of road
administration in the United States we
find that about half of the states are
operating under practically the same
road laws as prevailed in England
when America was a colony. This
system Of road administration provides
for the payment of road taxes partly
in labor and localizes the work to an
extreme degree by placing in authority
the district or township road over
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1910-02-11

THE TYPICAL ROAD OF OUR RURAL DIS
TRICTS.
[From Good Roads Magazine, New York;
seers or road supervisors, no require
ment being made to insure skill or
knowledge of road building on the part
of these petty officials. With few ex-
ceptions no system of accounting is in
force, so that an intelligent idea may
be obtained as to the disposition of the
road tax, and no definite lines of au-
thority are established such as would
guarantee the wise and equitable con-
duct of the work.
A number of states have adopted in
principle or practice, or both, the sys-
tenn of centralizing under state high
way department the conduct of all or
part of the road work Of the state,
thereby securing uniformity in meth
DDS, economy in administration and
skill in supervision. In some of the
state highway departments the work
is educational and investigative, with
a view to ultimately giving these de-
partments administrative powers.
1t is not possible in short article to
enter into a discussion of the various
systems Of state aid in effect in this
country. Suffice it to say that the
principle Of state aid and supervision
constitutes the germ Of the only road
administration which has proved sue
cessful in other countries.
This movement is gaining headway
at very rapid rate, and when we con-
slider that it has been little more than
decade and a half since its incep-
ton the fact that half of the states
have adopted it in principle and have
actually expended from state treas
uries considerably over $56,OOO,OOO we
may well feel encouraged for the fu-
ture Of road building in this country.
The striking feature Of the French
road system is the skilled supervision
provided in every grade of road work
and in every unit of the administrative
organization. The basis of the sys-
tenn is the school of roads and bridges,
one of the finest technical schools In
the world. maintained at the expense
Of the national government. In this
school are trained the highway en-
gineers to whom are intrusted the
building and maintenance Of the roads
of France.
At the head Of the administrative or
ganization is an inspector general Of
bridges and highways, under whom
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1910-02-11
PHOTOGRAPHY FAD.
Pictures Taken With Concealed
Camera While Caruso Sings.
KEEP OLD SHIRT WAISTS.

SdN0 tno 6HOVoIoeTe0 FartS ana wake
Into Dress Accessories and Fancy
Articles-A Smart Apron and Cap.
Lessons Given In Department..
Dear Elsa-What can't you do If
you've got the money! Which plati-
tude, being interpreted, means what
bunkers, social and otherwise, you can
get over comfortably with the assist
ance of good wad of the long green
Now, until recently always thought
that things averaged up about evenly
among rich and poor, high and low,
suffragettes and ants, when visit
to the dentist became absolutely i'm
perative or few frocks demanded the
aid Of camera to perpetuate it's
smartness, chicness. daintiness and all
round loveliness. But I've changed
my mind concerning the picture part
of the compensation handout, and a
visit to a Fifth avenue studio with a
smart friend has put the old idea out
Of focus.
You know how the average woman
q never could admit us to this cate
gory) simply loathes the task of having
herself photographed. She is fearful
Of her appearance, of the weather, Of
the pose and Of her gown. That she
is obliged to ''smile and look pretty"
with the unprejudiced eye of the cam
era upon her is horrible thought to
even the least vain woman. Well, the
clever artist to whom alluded, realiz-
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1910-02-11
The Waiting Ones.

A gentleman meeting a young wo-
man who had formerly been a servant
In his house and in whose welfare he
was interested. the following conversa-
tion took place:
why, haven't you got married yet?'
"No. sir"
well. 1 thought you would have
been married before now"
"Oh, no, sir; there's two waiting"
Two! Why, you don't mean to
marry two, do your
mo, SIR"
Then who are theyT
why, the two that's waiting is the
parson ana me. We are waiting for
the man."-LondoD Scraps.
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1910-02-11
A Palace of Pumpkins.

The illustration shows an exhibit of
pumpkins as it was seen at an Ohio
agricultural fair last fall in Hills
boro. The palace was so large that
refreshments were served inside of it.
The pumpkins were arranged in colors
and shapes so as to make very at
tractive display. At Independence.
Mo-, similar "palace" was erected.
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1910-02-11

breeding old scrub sows to some boar
that has no pride Of ancestry or hope
OF posterity. Yet this is exactly the
course that about half of the farmers
are following and wondering why feed
ing hogs is not paying substantial
profits. Never get the idea in your
heads that breeding from young and
immature breeding stock encourages
early maturity in the progeny.
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1910-02-11

or grape juice. Turn a little of the
mixture into the bottom of four or five
glasses. When firm set two halves OF
walnut meat and two candied mara
schino cherries on the jelly and against
the glass in each cup. Pour in little
more of the mixture and when this is
set finish filling the glasses. Beat half
cup of double cream, half teaspoon
full of vanilla extract and tablespoon
full of sugar until firm. then use to pipe
on the Jelly in the glasses.
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1910-02-11
Unrequited Love.

First Office Boy-Me boss Is awful
cranky lately. 1 wonder what makes
aim SO hard on a fellow. Second Of
fee Boy-Dat's easy. When a mans
hard on a fellow it's a sign he's soft
On a girl-Lippincott's.
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1910-02-11

and on the last day a band of famous
colored cooks took possession and turn
ed pumpkins into pies. thousands of
which were given away. Doubtless
these cooks impressed the value Of the
pumpkin crop upon the people deeper
than any scientific agriculturist could
have DONE
The Kendrick gazette. [volume] (Kendrick, Idaho) 1892-1968, 1910-02-11
jelly With Fruit and Nuts.

Soften one-fourth of box of granu-
lated gelatin in one-fourth of cup Of
cold water and dissolve in three
fourths of cup of boiling water; add
half cup Of sugar. the juice of half
lemon and half a cup of sherry wine
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1910-10-27
STEADY DECLINE
Is Shown in the Production
of Oil Wells in Shinns-
ton Field.


The shinnston oil development is
showing steady decline in the OUT
put of the wells. The best producer
in the pool is the South Penn Oil
Company's No. a well on the Dora
Bartlett farm, which is producing
ESQ barrels per day. The same
companS's No. on the n. A. Rector
farm is down to $50 barrels per day.
its No. l on the A. Williamson farm
is at the same figure and Its No. 3
on the ]. A. shreye farm is doing
16O barrels per day. The three
wells, Nos. Z. s and 9, of the Phil
adelphia company, on the j. swiger
farm, are producing $40 barrels per
day. No other wells in the pool are
up to the hundred barrel mark.
The South Penn OIL Company has
drilled It's second test we'll on the i.
and n. Smith farm, located in the
Shinnston district, through the So
foot sand and hole has filled up,
1000 feet with fluid.
On Flag run, sardis district, the
Philadelphia Gas Company has
fishing job at their initial well on
the R. B. swiger farm.
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1910-10-27
ODD BURIAL
At Own Request Man is Laid
Out on Top Of Ground and
Concrete is Built.

TERRA ALTA. Oct. 25-John R
shaffer, who died at his home four
miles the Aurora pike, from Terra
Alta. was. according to his direct
ions, buried on high point OF
ground on his farm, not far from the
family residence. No grave was
made, but the earth was cut away,
sufficiently for a foundation and ii
concrete base was laid. The outside
box was then set on the base and
concrete walls were built up and a
concrete top put on. Mr.. shaffer
was 70 years old and leaves wife
and several children.
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1910-10-27
lie NEVE
NOT Gull TV
OF Being an Accessory After
the Fact in the Crippen
Murder.
JURY AcQUIHs HER
AT End of the Trial Which
Lasted Only a Few
Hours.

LONDON. Eng, Oct. 25-Ethel
Clara LeNeye was acquitted today as
an accessory after the fact of the
murder of Cora Belle crippen, the
crime for which the husband, DR..
crippen. was sentenced to die on the
gallows.
The acquittal OF Miss LeNeve came
this afternoon, the trial lasting but
a few hours. When arraIgned she
pleaded not guilty
The crown prosecutor introduced
only such evidence as was brought
out in earlier hearings.
Miss LeNeve did not take the wit
ness stand.
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1910-10-27
CONTRACT AWARDED
BY Judge Golf to R. t
Lowndes for Golf Build
ing Blinds.

The new Cor building that has
been under construction the last
year or more, is about completed,
and has in it more than $50 win
dows. The Lowndes carpet depart
mont, under the management of E.
Frank Findley, will furnish the
blinds for this magnificent building.
Mr.. Findley will superintend the
work.
The R. T. Lowndes carpet depart
ment has the largest supply of win
dow shades to be found in the city.
The shades to be used in this new
building are manufactured by Rasch
& Gamer, of Baltimore, Mr..
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1910-10-27
MEETING
At LOST CREEK
of Republicans Makes the
Democratic Machine
Very Sad.

Democracy need not count as
strongly this year on the Lost Creek
section Of the county as in years OF
yore as 1t is not the Democratic
stronghold it once was. judging from
what is doing there this year.
A number of days ago the Demo-
cratic nominee from Harrison county,
whom the machine Democrats call
"favorite SON spoke there to the small
number OF sixty-three, including some
who had come from Weston TO play in
the band. His reception was not as
warm as was expected and the meet
ing proved white frost.
Quite different was the Republican
meeting there Monday night. The
opera house was filed and enthusiasm
was as plentiful as any set of candi-
dates or speakers could desire. The
contrast between it and the Davis
was striking.
Claude c. Gawthrop, member of the
Republican county committee, pre-
sided in an enthusiastic manner and
made an effective speech on the tariff
and other issues. The other speakers
were Lafayette c. Grille, nominee for
the House OF Delegates; Birk S.
stathers, nominee for the State SEN
ate: and r. Ad Hall, Of Weston. They
all kept the undivided attention Of
their auditors and we're given hearty
applause.
The meeting ended with the earnest
belief that Lost Creek and surround
ing section will so Republican this
year.