davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1910-08-06
Test Easy to Supply

THIS test for tuberculosis In cattle Is such
| a simple easy test to apply that 1t
would seem that most any one would be able
10 apply il with perfect results. and when II
IS applied as 1t should bc the results arc alb
solutcly reliable, In getting the herd ready
to test lt is wise TO water them about noon
and house them. Permit them 10 stand about
three hours At 3 o'clock YOU can take the
temperatures The normal temperature va
rles from 80 to 103 degrees. No animal with
a temperature higher than los should have
hbcrculln injected You take three temper
atures the first being taken at o'clock,
then one AT and another at :. After the
o'clock temperature you inject tuberculln by
the usc of a syringe. usiR.t c c. OF -ubercuin
for the ordinary l.000-pGund COW. After the
.tubcrculin Is injected the herd should be
watcrcd. and they should not be watcred again
until o'clock the folowin- day unless they
cnn drink whenever they want To. The follow
ing morning at o'clock you take tcmpcra-
lures then again at S, 10. l. and , at which
time the test Is finished After the test Is On
Ished II there Is an abnormal rising of tenn
perature over the temperatures OF the GrSt
day your herd should be divided into threo
classes-healthy, suspicious and condemned.
A COW whose temperature rises over l03 or
1oi may be considered suspicious, over 1oi,
up TO 1872. are usually re3ctors and tubercu-
louS
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1910-08-06
Air Puts Life in Soils

QUE best farmers are mindful OF the fact
- that the soil should be so cultivated
hat ii viii admit OF some circulation OF air
Il IS Il wcll-known fact that there Is not a
iced which VIII eermlnatc. even In the rich
lst soil unless a little air Is present 4 very
important feature OF good farming is to do
ermine just how much air the soil should
contain or how loose or compact il should.
u. Having too much air In the soil ia as
1ad as having none at ALL and 1t takes more
Than ordinary Judgment on the part of the
farmer 10 determine when the soil needs
beratinG or when it Is aired out too much
Air in the soi performs two very important
1unctious-it libcratcs plant food and II IL
by the action of the air that decomposition
and disintegration are hostcned Without the
air plant food would not become liberated.
and the weeds and stubble that urc turned
under would not begin to Immediately de-
compose To- make plant food and humus. II
is the air that causes nitrihcation OF tie
soil Tho soil contains large amounts OF
plant food OF which but a small proportion
IS available. II is the circulation OF air
through this soil that causes this nitrogen
To be liberated Without air the soil becomes
dead and inert.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1910-08-06
HOGS ON EAR CORN
nnedy and E. 7. Robbins, at Iowa State

made tho most economical gains or all the
forms In which WAS fed.
Professor W. J. Kennedy and L. T. Rob-
bins. after weighing tho results of the cX-
pertinent carefully IN mind. make tho fol-
lowing conclusions;
l. Hogs under 200 pounds In weight make
the most economical gains when their corn
Is fed in the form of dry car corn. although
shelIed corn soaked In winter twelve hours
makes slightly fnster gains.
. Hogs over 200 pounds In weight make
moro economical gazing on shclicd corn soaked
in water twelve hours than on dry ear corn
OF cornmenI in any form. and at the same
time the gains on soaked shelled corn are
nearly as rapid as on any OF the other forms
in which corn was fed. The amount OF corn
saved by shellins and soaking for hogs OF
this size. varies from i.l per cent 10 "a per
cent for different lots, being the highest for
hogs pasture.
3 Hogs fed on dry car corn require a
longer time TO eat than those fed soaked
corn or cornmcal, owing TO the moro thor
ough mastication of the dry ear corn. Young
hogs and pigs reduce the dry kernels from
the ear corn TO a finer state OF division than
do the older hogs.
4. Shcllcd corn soaked twelve hours Is
more pnlataOle and produces faster and more
economical gains than shcled corn soaked
twenty four hours.
;. with hogs over 200 pounds in weight
the soaking Of corn is OF greater advantage
to those running on pasture than to those
confined In dry yards.
g. II is useless to grind corn for hogs Of
any age when the weather Is warm enough to
permit soaking. In every where grind
ing shows a saving of corn. simple soaking
twelve hours in water shows n still greater
saving.
T. Soaking cornmeal adds nothing TO its
feeding value for hogs that relish dry corn
meal sufficiently to eat 1t readily in that
ditlon. Young pigs do not relish dry corn
meal well as do older hogs.
s. Hogs of all ages relish soaked cornmeal
and usually eat larger quantities OF IL than
of corn in any other form. While the gains
on this ration arc among the best for young
other form OF corn for hogs over 200 pounds
in weight these gains also among the
most expensive produced by any form of
corn fed in these experiments.
Hogs ranging upward from 200 pounds
in weight eat dry cornmcal readily. They
make more rapid gains on il and a little
more pork from each bushcl OF corn than
on dry ear corn but after paying 3 cents
per bushcl for shcllnS and grinding the gains
more expensive with dry cornmeal than
with dry ear corn except for the Oldest hogs
with corn above 40 cents per bushel I'm price
10 In general. hogs that are accustomed
To prepared in some form receive at
least temporary check In rate and economy
OF gains when for any reason u change Is
made 10 dry corn When the gains arc
very rapid on the soaked or ground corn this
effect is moro marked and In some cases
onset any beneficial effect of tho prepare tion
OF the corn.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1910-08-06
By N. A, Clapp

cured entirely, storing It for use In man
ner that Is convenient to feed at any time and
can be measured out accurately by the
feeder one of the popular plans is to store
It in the sIlo.
When corn Is put in the silo 1T Is cut just
at tho time when the kernels ON most OF
the cars are glazing well and the stalks are
stll full OF Juice and In i condition TO yield
up all the nutrients In them. Running the
corn through a cutting box before 1t is
elevated and dropped into the slo II Is i'm
short pieces that can be packed very close
~ excluding all the air OF course the
whole mass goes through a process of fer
mcntatlon yet II IS succulent and palat-
able II can be measured weighed out
and only such amounts as each OF the ami
mails require given them.
Silage Is considered the most economical
feed for dairy cows and other cattle Is
raised and stored on the farm. 1t is all
consumed-graln. stalks. butts and leaves
are all consumed BY the plan of cutting
corn, shocking 1t and husking 1t in the
field exposing tho fodder TO the winds and
storm after the corn Is taken out of the
stalks, 1t is generally estimated that the
fccdins value OF the stalks is injured FUZZY
30 per cent
one Of the objections urged against on
SLIDING corn is tho fact that the whole crop
grain. stalks and all Is run into the silo.
not leaving the grain in a condition where
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1910-08-06
Making Feed Easy

I + THE feeder has plenty OF clover. alfalfa.
and silaGe or roots for roughage. with
corn. barley oats similar feeds 10 consu-
tute his grain ration. the feeding problem is
comparatively simple. With these materials
one can furnish variety, succulencc. ash In
gradients and proper proportion OF diges-
tble nutrients at least cheap and prob
aoly cheaper than when one is obliged 10
commercial feeding stufls Where one or
more OF these important factors is lacking
it is then well 10 consider the purchase OF
some oil the commercial feeds. IT has been
shown by experiments. FOR instance, that
hogs fed on corn viii make much better gains
If fed u small Qauntity OF meat scraps oil
tankagc. The results OF experiments also
show that the hogs gain enough more moi
only to pay for the extra feed, but frequently
to increase the efficiency OF the corn by II
cents more per bushel
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1910-08-06
CostrdhRq q Colt

We have a 2-ycar-old colt that was by
a grade stallion and from n mare TINT we
bought In one of the large elites When her
feet had played out Tor work He is a good
big colt. but docs not seem to have much life.
lie does not pay much attention TO mares
and maybe IL is worms that are bothering
him, as his coat Is rough. We want TO keep
him for stud. but If he does not take moro
notice he mny have 10 be castrated. Please
tell what Is the best time to alter a colt.
j. W Kansas.
Repy-The best time to castrate such
colt is when the knife Is good and sharp
Do II as soon as possible, Tor colts OF that
breeding a damage To the district on
which they are inflicted as sires No man
should think OF standing FOR public service
a grade, mongrel or scrub stallion. Tho
CastratinG knife should be kept busy just
as soon each district can substitute pure
bred stations for such monercls which cam
not possibly advance the horse industry OF
tho community The operation should be
performed on any bright, dry day.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1910-08-06
Atout Wheat, Bran and Rye

~ this question; At the same price
which Is the moro nutritious feed Tor hogs
and poultry wheat bran or crushed rye? Also
which are the best root crops for feeding pur-
poses 10 grow I'm sand along the river bank?'
/ give below the dgesthlc nutrients in
average samples Of wheat bran and rye. BY
studying ;hcSc figures YOU will note that there
OF the two feeds. especially In reference to
the protein and carbohydrates As 10 which
would be better To use would depend upon
the age of the animal and whether the pur-
pose OF feeding is to fatten or To grow them
You VIII note that bran has considerable
more protein than the rye. while rye is better
for fattcninG purposes On the other hand
wheat bran. where it comprises any large
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1910-08-06
Profitable Feeding

7 y FEEDING cattle we always mix crushed
| corn and cobmoal with bran or ground
oats The most of our corn is husked by
machinery and the fodder shredded and fed
In closed managers. The refuse IS used to
keep tho cattle wcll bcddcd and To absorb
all the liauid manure which VIC apply To
the corn and oat fields. The most helpful
single thing i'm our experience is pasture. II
Is in the long run tho cheapest and best
ration Followed along tho lines | have in
dicated being our own experience | am
confident that farmers can grow good cattle
At profit BY so doing, if the manure is
carefully made and saved. in ten years the
value of the land viii be enhanced 90 per
cent. making this way the cheapest OF all
ways to get two blades Of grass whore ono
grew before.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1910-08-06

Stalks after they have been shredded than
II can be induced TO do while they arc whole
thereby making the shredded stalks more
economical feed than the whole stalks
Where diversified farming Is carried on
and there are other kinds of work than
husking that must be done this work can
be deferred until such times as 1t can he
done without interfering with other worl,
on the farm When the corn Is huskcd IN,
the machine large amount can be handled
In a short period Of time, making a short
Job OF the corn husting while by the old
plan OF husking by hand and tvlnc the
stalks in the field. there Is moro or 1esy
suffering from stormy weather ana cola
hands and feet. When corn is allowed to
ripen and cure In the shock the grain can
be sorted and stored without being exposod
TO storms or being mixed with grit by being
thrown ON the ground before sorting and
storing.
In order 10 make success of shreddnc
ana storing corn fodder IT must first be
allowed to cure before IT is shredded or
when piled up in large quantities IL VIII heat
and be injured 1t must also bc dry or II
VIII heat and mold and somc or IL win spoIl
Good common sense must be used I'm this
matter. III. for any reason II IS thought
best to shred the corn when it is damn the
fodder can be saved by placing a Iaycr of
stalks alternately with a layer of dry straw
The straw win absorb some of the iuiccs
from the stalks and the aroma. too. making
the whole mass 80 palatabIo that il win all
be consumed,
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1910-08-06

II can he utilized to its fullest extent That
the sllase represents feeding value not
fully up to what 1t would be If Il could be
saved in its green state before being fer
mentcd is readily admitted To remedy
some of the difficulties encountered when
the corn is ensiloed another scheme has
been devised; that OF shreddng and husk-
ms.
BY the method Of shredding and husk-
ing the corn IS cut when ripe set up in
shocks and allowed to cure or dry out untn
II is considered safe To pile the shredded
fodder in the barn or stack BY this plan
the grain is separated from the stalks and
stored by itself while tho stalks and leaves
are cut into strips and blown by the machine
10 the stack, where they can bc
packed in a small compass ready ia feed
when needed. and In fresh. sweet condl
ton.
Among the advantages urged by those
who shred the corn l VIII mention the fol-
lowing
The stalks can he stored in small com
pass and can be led in Just such quantities
as each animal VIII require. and can no
given 10 them In the manger. practIce MT
sa tisfactory when whole ana In tho b,,ndIo
What is not eaten OF the stalks 10 IN aro
shape for bedding the stock. and Is tbo l,os,
absorbent OF the liquid manure vet AZ
covered It Is clean and free fror, d.,
rhc stock viii cat considerably nnr. oC Inc
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1910-08-06
Questions of the Feed Lot
Professor Herbert W. @Omior5
Illinois College Of l1re0itws
Siios for Beef Cattle
iNn0l5 College Of I0rie0iiU1i

HAVE a rough 14o acres, raise from for
" to sixty acres of GOOD corn per ycI
Buy a carload Of steers in fall. Gnish on blu
grass IN summer; keep ono COW and ten hcat
OF horses. How large silo ought to buildi
Which is tho cheapest and best. concrete q
wood? l would have to haul sand two miles
Can YOU give Instructions about coucrcU
silos? have a barn with left corner post
rs II. long by 40 Il. wide. Would 1t b
cheaper to extend IL on twenty -four feet more
and connect sllo, or would 1t be better t.
build slIo separate and shed 1t? l would want
loft In shed Tor oat straw or hay. Is it best
TO build silo on hill or lcvel?"
] would say that YOU can build a wood o
frame silo cheaper than concrete. y we'll
made concrete silo is superior Ia wood. Fo
Information concerning sllo construction. 7
suggest you write for the following expert
ment stations bullctins Bulletin No TO-
Construction of Sos" mot avallnble). Illi
nos experiment. station. Urbana, Ill; bulletir
No. 100. Construction of Sllos" Iowa expert
ment station, Ames. Iowa; bulletin No. 255
Cement Silos in Michigan" Michigan cN-
pertinent station. East Lansing, Mich. bullc-
tin No. 1S2. "Silo Construction" Virginia oN-
pertinent station, Blacksburg, Va; bulletin
No l25. "Slo Construction" Wisconsin cN-
pertinent station. Madison WIS.
1t Is necessary to have tho siIo located
where the soil IS well drained. the chief point
10 pt 'OSSiNeu btlHb lp nave IL locdi'u III
such way that II IS convenient to the barn
or shed where the live stock 10 bo fed fror7
1t arc housed. The usual arrangement Is To
put the silo close up 10 the end of the barn
making chute between the barn and eide Of
the silo. thus mclosIng tho doorway. As to
the size OF the silo needed for carload OF
steers, one cow ten head of horses and the
hogs that would ordinarily be kept. would
suggest sllo i feet In diameter and so feet
high. This will doubtless hold somewhat
moro silaec than your present stock win
need but with the sllo you VIII perhaps In
crease the amount OF stock kept, and 1t is
desirable 10 get your silo as deep as prac-
tcable. and. OF course. the larger 1t IS in di-
amcter the more economically it can be built
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1910-08-06

TIE man WHO is spending money for cx-
cavation. tic, laying ana nllns, should
stand the expense OF having competent
surveyor to lay out the grade for him pro-
Nidcd, OF course, he is not sufficiently skilled
i'm the use OF instruments to do it Tor him
self, Any failure To lay tile properly means
the taking up of that portion some time In
the future. and that after considerable dam
age has been done to the entire system
above the point OF failure. We have known
Of good deal OF money being lost by the
neglect oi this simple precaution. Farmers
think tho eye Is sufficient guide and the
eyes OF some men are Wonderfully accurate
but no man should take chances
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1910-08-06
Experiments Conducted by Professors W. Kennedy and

THERE n number of different ways
OF feeding corn to hogs. but there Is
Il only way to do IL at least cost for
returns received in Increased production OF
pork. In order To determine what Is the best
method of feeding 10 hogs the Iowa
state college agricultural experiment station
recently completed experiments on 312 hogs
of all ages, fed I'm thirtytwo lots. testing six
forms OF corn-dry ear corn soaked shelled
corn, dry cornmcal soaked cornmeal. dry
corn and cob mcal and soaked corn and cob
meal. The experiments. summed up are as
follows:
Dry ear corn is highly rclshed by hogs
and is decidedly the most convenient TO feed.
Soaking and grinding neccssitates increased
labor and expense, and the use OF trouGhs.
tight reccptocIes Tor carrying feed and more
Judgment In feeding.
Corn of the last crop was used each year,
Cornmoal and corn ana cob meal We're finely
ground. The cost OF shellinE l cent per
bushel; Smelling and grinding. cents; grind
ing corn and cob meal, cents.
All the lots In each experiment We're given
exactly the same kind OF quarters ana treat
mcnt except for the dlncrencc-the kind
of preparation given the corn. Careful tests
were made TO SHOW exactly the amount OF
shclIed corn to which the ear corn was
equivalent, and the weights for Shellcd corn
are given to show just the amount of
grain actually eaten by all the lots
Dry corn was fed with the least waste
and in 1907 made the fastest gain. The pigs
ate II more slowly thnn soaked corn or corn
meal owing To the greater time required to
masticnte it
In 1907, 100 pounds Of dry ear corn made
much pork l12 pounds OF shclled corn
soaked twcnty-four hours or 122 pounds OF
cornmeal soaked twelve hours. All the other
forms OF corn were still less efficient
Whether fed dry or soaked Il bushel OF
corn ground without tho cob made more
pork than bushel of corn ground with the
cob \ bushel OF ear made as much
gain az one and onc-third bushels ground
into corn and cob meal at an expense of
cents bushcl. In 1908 shelled corn soaked
twelve hours made slightly the fastest gains.
Shellcd corn soaked twelve hours was
more palatable to young hogs and gave bet
ter results than corn soaked twcnty-fo
hours. 1t gave slightly more rapid gains.
but required fully rs much feed for each 100
pounds gain as dry ear corn for spring pigs
during their first summer and fall
In 1908 the spring pigs getting corpmeaI
required IL to Il per cent more feed for each
pound OF pork produced than those getting
car corn. The average results Tor two years
show that for sIring pigs during their first
summer and fall there was saving OF over
: per cent Of the corn by feeding 1t In the
ear instead OF Smelling and soaking it, and n
saving of Is TO 81 per cent by feeding II I'm
the car instead OF shcling and grinding IT,
For hogs weighing 100 pounds at the start
and fed 1i0 days, per cent of the corn was
saved by Smelling and soaking twelve hours
for hogs Weighing 900 pounds at the start.
fed 81 days, the saving by this preparation
was per cent OF the corn. for 200-pound
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1910-08-06
Making Stalks Assist Corn to Nourish Live Stock

~ UR annual crop represents a mar
I J ket value. as grain. OF about 81 300.-
O0O, 900. II tho corn stalks could all be
saved at their best. they would represent an
added value To the corn crop OF about $780,
600 900 These look Ike large sums Of money,
but the amounts are not exaggerated.
Considering the great value OF the corn
crop of the country, we can see why great
efforts are being made to secure the crop
at its best and retain it in condition to
insure its full value feed, The wastes
In the past have been largely with the fod-
der.
The value OF the fodder is not ap-
preclated alike in all parts OF the country
Some deem 1t advisable 20 hog down the
corn. not making any effort TO save the
stalks for feed In other places the corn Is
husked on the hCl. and afterwards the cat
tie arc turned in 10 consume the stalks. get
ting only their partial value as feed, us the
frosts have materially injured them Others
cut and shock the and feed 1t stalks
and all, letting hogs follow the cattle to pick
up the unmastlcated kernels OF grain that
may be found In the droppngs In the
northern portions or the country. where both
the grain and the stalks esteemed highly
for feed, tho corn Is cut shocked and husllcd
by hand. the grain stored to be fed in ac-
curately measured quantities and the stalks
| are stored to be fed as needed through the
! winter
| OF late years diGercnt plans have been
] devised by which the corn crop can be Sc
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1910-08-06

Mr. Brown, who spent his boyhood upon
the western frontier as a farmer. points out
that during the last ten years wheat In this
country has averaged only fourteen bushels
per acre. while England averages thirty two
bushels. Germany twenty eight bushels
Netherlands thrty-four bushels and France
.wcnty bushels.
OF oats this country averages 23.7 bushels
England A.. Germany sc and Netherlands SO
bushels
Potatoes In the United States average
s. bushels. while Germany, Belgium and
Great Britain produce average yields or 25o
bushels
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1910-08-06
4nsWerS BY the Veterinarian
Gapes in c6ickons
Or. A, s. dierdsder
Wisconsin College Of AS6iemtVJs

WILL you kindly tell me what causes
w gapes In young chickens also I'm young
turkeys and II there Is any way 10 prevent
or cure them? l have seventy chickens
weeks old. some OF which have the gapes
and / am afraid all viii soon be affected
~. n. Graham. Dewitt. Iowa
Rcply-This disease is due to a parasitic
work in the wlndppc Crachcn). The worm
Is known as "sy1gomus trachealls" The
gaping is the Characteristic symptom in of-
fected fowl The young birds become at
fccted by taking In either adult worms con-
tainng eggs the embryos which may be
present In food or drink Treatment con-
ssts In first separating all affected birds from
the flock and then putting the balance onto
new ground away from infected yards. me
latter and all houses and pens should be
cleaned up. dislnfected and whtcwlshcd. In
cude feeding and watering troughs. Burn
dead birds. AS a dsinfectant use . per
cent solution OF coal tar dip or crude car
bolic acid and continue It's use In the houses,
etc, right along until the disease is got rid
OF. Some poultrymcn arc expert In treating
the disease. They strip feather OF its web
except that portion near the tip. This fcath-
or is dipped I'm kerosene turpentIne and
used as follows open the chickens mouth
with the fingers OF the left hand; thrust
the feather into the windplpe when that
passage opens Tor the chicken to breathe;
twist the feather around several times and
withdraw It quickly: It will have worms adj
herring to II, or they will afterward he
coughcd mp. having been loosened by tho ac-
tion of the feather. The operation must be
very carefully and gently done. Burn all
matter that comes away or Is coughed up.
Affected land should be plowed ind cropped,
Giving chickens new ground regularly and
avoiding crowdinS and dirt tend to prevent
this disease.