davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1910-05-18

In 1850 the family, with four 9TH
er families, came overland to Win
neshiek county in search of home.
"reminiscences of the hardships ex
perienced by these pioneers, written
by Rev. Jacobson, were printed in
this paper during the Home Coming
last fall. They finally reached
Springfield township, where they es-
tablished their home and have since
lived. In 1852 Mr.. Jacobson be-
came a student in the University of
Illinois, then at Rockford, where he
often met Abraham Lincoln. In
1860 he became a minister in the
Augustana Synod, and filed various
mission appointments, later going to
Quebec where he was great help
among the immigrants. Afterwards
he studied theology at Concordia
Seminary, st. Louis, for a year and
half, in 1868 beginning his min
istry to the congregations at Perry
and other Wisconsin points. On ac-
count of i'll health he resigned in
1878 and moved to his fathers
farm, where he has since lived.
Several times he has filled the pull
pits of his church in DEBORAH and
vicinity during the temporary alb
sence of pastors or between terms of
pastorates. He also served the
county very acceptably as represent
ative in the legislature from 1903
to 1905. Besides this he has filed
many positions of trust and honor
locally. He was a man of honor, a
good friend, splendid neighbor, a
man who lived uprightly in accord
ance with his convictions and his
calling, whose life has been an in
spiration and help to all with whom
he associated. In his death the
county loses a good man, an estim-
able citizen, and the community is
better for mis- having lived in it.
The funeral services will be held
tomorrow, Thursday afternoon, from
the home at one o'clock and from
Rev. Bakken's church at two O'Clock.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1910-05-18
Shin Plaster Currency.

A reduction in the size of the
paper money of the United States
will be made if Secretary of the
Treasury MacVeagh accepts recon-
mendations that will be made to
him within a few weeks by COM
mittee of treasury officials appoint
ed to investigate this and other
proposed reforms.
The object of the proposed
change is to supply the country with
a size of currency more convenient
for handling and to save the gov
eminent 100000 a year in paper
and engraving. The new sized bank
note TO be recommended is about
one-fourth as large as the notes now
in circulation. The present notes
are of size that has been the STAN
dard for generations.
An experiment of the advantages
of the change has been made with
the Philippine Island currency,
which is engraved at the treasury
The Philippine bank note is about
one-fourth the size of the American
bank note, and is extremely attrac-
tive in appearance. 1t is printed
also on a thinner and finer grade of
paper, and altogether is pronounced
more convenient than the paper
money Of any nation.
On account of the smaller size,
five instead of four notes can be en-
graved on page of currency note
paper, and this, in addition to the
economy of paper, means a tremen-
dous saving.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1910-05-18
THE POLITICAL EGOTIST.

Those who have tried to go out
and talk politics have found that
the people of Iowa this year are
more interested in business than
they are concerned about this or
that man being elected to office.
The people are at last beginning to
learn that this constant drumming
in politics is not so much for the
people as it is for the individuals
who want merely the homes and the
emoluments of Office.
A politician is apt to be an ex-
agerrated ego. He gets it into his
head that he is seeking after moth
ing except the welfare of the peo-
pie. He makes himself believe
that first and then he goes about
telling people about it. A politician
is one who is apt to draw pictures
happen, should he not be elected to
Office. He is willing to disturb the
business conditions of the country,
If that is necessary, in order to carry
his point.
But, as a matter of fact, his cleo
tion or his defeat may be of the
least consequence. If the people
were constantly dependent upon this
or that man, they would be in a
precarious state of mind. The peo-
pie can be fooled now and then, to
the extent of taking the exaggerated
cyclists view of himself, but they
do not stay fooled very long.
There is at the present time
nothing important pending in Iowa.
What Iowa needs most at the pres
ent time is for people to attend to
their business.-Cedar Rapids Re-
publican.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1910-05-18

FOUND-Automob glove. En-
quire at this office. 1872.
LOST-Two hounds. Both black,
white and tan. Dog stocky built
with lots of white. Female small
with large spots. Notify Sheriff
of Winneshiek county and re-
cevie reward. 19tf.
LOST-A monogram watch-fob on
silk ribbon. Finder will be re-
warded upon returning same to
The DEBORAH Posten Office. 1872
WANTED-Young man to learn
pharmacy. Wangler Bros. 19tf
GIRL WANTED-For general house
work; inquire B1, at this office
19-2pd.
PIANOS-I have several fine second
hand pianos which l will sell very
cheap on terms to suit you. Call
in and see them. AL B. Conf
gisky, Winneshiek Hotel Bldg.
1872.
FOR RENT-East End Livery and
Feed Barn. D. f. Reed. 19tf.
c ISTERNS-Have your cisterns
cleaned now. before the heavy
rains come. Satisfaction guaran-
tied. Only first class work. Robt.
Tuttle, West Main street. 1873.
AUTOS-We have several good
second hand autos for sale. In
good condition. Apply to H. j.
Green, Public Opinion Office. If
GIRL WANTED-For general
homework, small family. Good
wages. Inquire this office. 12tf
GARDEN-Good garden spot in fifth
ward to lease for cash or on
shares. Inquire this Office.
PASTURE-Plenty of good pasture
for horses, plenty of water. John
Pearson, Freeport. 1S-3pd.
FOR SALE-Dyrlands Cafe. Reason
for selling, other business. G. A.
Dyrland. 2tf.
FARMS have for sale a number
of the best farms in Winneshiek
county, ranging in price from $40
per- acre up. if taken soon. Call
on ]. H. Blaess, DEBORAH, Iowa.
lift.
LUMBER-Sawed lumber in lengths
from s to 80 feet for dimension
timber, in 2x4, 2x6 and 2XS. Phil
Halse, DEBORAH, Iowa, R4. lift.
FOR SALE-Good, all arond horse.
Eight years old. A willing work
er, and a splendid driver. Weighs
around eleven hundred. Will be
sold cheap if taken at once. Dab
ly's farm, in West DEBORAH. Off.
FOR SALE-Bronze Turkey toms.
Big, husky fellows that will put
vitality in your flock. Three dol
lars each. At Dahly's farm, West
DEBORAH. Off.
AUTO-Best bargain in last seasons
auto, high grade make, in Iowa.
Special reasons for selling. Fine
five-passenger touring car, fully
equipped, at about half price. In
quire this office. lift.
HAPPY-You will always be if you
drive a Maxwell auto. You never
saw or heard of displeased
owner. The most value for the
money in America. lift.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1910-05-18
Notice.

Being there are many farmers
that have not taken stock in the
Farmers Cooperative Stock Co. of
DEBORAH, Iowa, the manager will
receive hogs at the yards Monday,
Tuesday and Wednesday forenoons
only after June 1st, 1910. The
balance of his time will be spent in
the country soliciting new shares
By order of board of directors
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1910-05-18
Will Dodge the Comet,

Living ten miles east of Council
Bluffs is John NARROW, well-to-do
farmer with large family, who has
excited the people Of his neighbor-
hood over his actions arising from
fears over the coming of Halley's
comet NARROW believes that great
destruction if not total humiliation
will result to people and stock by
the comet.
In order tc protect himself and
family and personal property from
the wrath that is to come-Marlow
regards it as a visitation in the ma
ture of reproof-he has con-
structed q huge cave on his farm,
into which he expects that he and
his family will take refuge when the
comet gets fussy.
Marlow's cave is no small affair.
1t is ample in size for his family
and live stock to enter and live for
some time. He has made provision
for the possible lack of air by max
ing the cave large. The one door
which NARROW has made is big one
and is made as solid as the earth
itself. Marlow's cave and his free
ly confessed fears have aroused tn"
people of the community and many
are afraid that NARROW will become
totally mentally unbalanced before
the end of the comets trip through
the earth's haze.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1910-05-18
IOWA HAS DECREASED
Only State i'm the Union Showing
Decrease i'm Population.
ESTIMATE OF CENSUS BUREAU
United States Census Bureau, in
Unofficial Estimates of POpula-
ton, Puts New York at the
Top. Iowa Population
Decreased.

Unofficial estimates of the popu-
lation of the various states as COM
'puted by the United States census
office for 1910 show that New York
leads the list, Pennsylvania ranks
second, Illinois third, Ohio fourth
and Texas fifth. Iowa seems to be
the only state in the union showing
a decrease in poulation the decrease
being 43606.
Following are figures showing
the estimated population of each
state and the increase since 1900:
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1910-05-18

How can President Taft possibly
keep mis- feet on the necks of tur-
bulent Congress, when he has them
stretched under Banquet tables so
much?
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1910-05-18
King George V is said to b

King George V is said to be a
conservative. It's a poor time for
kings to hang back in the breech-
ing. 1t makes them slip all the
faster when the load begins to
move.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1910-05-18
WANT COLUMN.


Rates-One Cent per word, Moth
ing less than ten cents.
The Irish standard., 1910-06-25
sIIERIFF's SALE.

BY Virtue of An Execution Issued out
OF and under the Seal of the District
court, IN and for the County of Henne-
pm ana State Of Minnesota, upon judg-
tnent rendered and docketed in the said
court. on the 18th day of May, 1910,
IN an action wherein Matthias Baldwin
. ana =. L. Murphy, co-rartners as Bald
WIN d Murphy, are plaintiffs, and James
D aGI:,f. is defendant, in favor of the said
Tor the sum Of three hundred two and
0O-100 Dollars ($3O25O) which execution
was directed and delivered to me as
sheriff in and for the said County of Hen
nepln, l nave this 1lth day of June, A.
y. 1917, levied upon all the right title and
interest of the said defendant, James
Degnan. in and to the following described
three (4s) feet Of lots five Is and six
l6)' and the west forty-three (43) feet
Of the south ten (1u) feet of lot seven
~ All In block eight of Perkins Audi-
ton to Minneapolis, according to the plat
or map thereof of record and on file in
the office OF the Register of Deeds within
and for IIennepin County, Minnesota.
Notice is Hereby Given, That I, the
Undersigned, as Sheriff as aforesaid, will
sell the above described real property to
the highest bidder, for cash, at public
auction. at the Sherif's office, in the
Court House, in. the City of Minneapolis
IN the County of Hennepin, and State of
Minnesota, on Monday, the Sth day Of
August, a. d. 1910. at ten o'clock a. M.
OF that day, to atisfy the said execution,
together with the interests and costs
thereon.
Dated June 18th, 1910.
OTTO S. LANGUNI,
Sheriff of Hennepin County, MINI.
BY John p. Wall, Deputy.
The Irish standard., 1910-06-25
Board of Guardians and Mr., Thomas
Burke, vice chairman.
Waterford.

Board of Guardians and Mr.. Thomas
Burke, vice chairman.
Waterford. ~
A one-act play by Miss Johanna
Redmond, daughter of the member for
Waterford City, will be produced ct
the Palace theater, Waterford. A cou-
pie of years ago a short piece written
by her dealing with an Irish subject
and disclosing considerable ability, was
produced before the Irish Literary So
ciety.
Westmeath.
The Athlone Rural Council has I'M
animously passed a resolution, moved
by Mr.. J. Auley, protesting against
the continued retention Of the grass
lands in the rural district being held
by the grazers. as being the cause of
the present agitation and of the extra
taxation on the rate payers by reason
of compensation for cattle driving.
Wicklow.
A Workman at Messrs. Kynoch's
Arklow factory met his death at the
cordite works on May 31st, being APP
parently overcome by gas fumes from
the plant in connection with the man.
ufacture of sulphuric acid.
At a special meeting of the Bray
Council held to consider the resigna-
ton of Mr.. T. P. Bradshaw, it was
decided to co-opt Mr.. Bradshaw to
succeed himself; Mr.. ]. w. Reign, ].
p, presided.
The Irish standard., 1910-06-25
PRnRArE Nor1cn

STATE OF MINNESOTA, COUNTY OF
HENNEPIN. IN PROBATE COURT.
In the Matter of the Estate Of Sarah E,
Findlay. Decedent
count Of the administrator of the estate
of said decedent. and his petition pray
Ing for the allowance of said account and
for decree assigning the residue of said
estate to the persons by law entitled /.
the same.
1t Is Ordered. That all persons inter-
ested in said estate appear before said
Probate Court on Monday, the 18th day
noon. at the Probate Court in the Court
House at Minneapolis in said County.
then and there to show cause, II any
there be. why said account should not
be allowed and said estate should not be
distributed as prayed for in said petit
ton.
And 1t Is Further Ordered, That notice
OF such hearing be given by publishing
this order once in each week for three
successive weeks prior to said dav of
bearing, in the irish Standard, a news
paper printed and published in said coun-
ty. and by mailing a copy Of this order
to all the heirs-at-law Of said decedent
when their address is known or can be
14) days before the date of said hear
ing. unless notice Is waived
Dated at Minneapolis, this 10th dav ~
BY the Court:
GEORGE R. SMITH,
Judge Of Probate.
E. M. NASH,
Attorney for Administrator,
Guaranty Loan Bldg.
The Irish standard., 1910-06-25
LEGAL DIRECTORY.
Partia! 1 list Of Reliable storneys Of Min.
neapoIis, With Location OF Offices.

Arctander, Ludwig, Temple Court
Alcott. r, K. st. Anthony Falls Bank
Bldg.
Baldwin, NJ. Security Bank Bldg
Barton, Elijah. 305 Oneida Blk.
Bates. w. E., Court House.
Brady, M. c., 535 Andrls Bldg.
Burns. Peier NJ, $40 N Y Life Bldg
Cashier. Frank H.. IT'S Temple Court
Choate, A. B.. Temple Court
Corrigan, j. H.. Suite 1O11 N. Y. life Bldg
Darelius. A. f.. 300 N. Y Life Bldg.
Day, H. E., 1014-16 Met. Life Bldg.
Devaney e. Hewitt, 535-s31 Andrus Bldg
Deutsch, Allen & Breeding. Palace Bldg
John Lind and A. Iceland. n. Y. Life Bldg
Meyer & DonahCe. 400 I eElple Court.
Hoidale, Einar. COS N. Y. Life Bldg.
Forth, Geo. E.. 400 Globe Bldg
Grotte. A. r., 425 Temple Court.
Haynes. j. c., 93S Security Bank Bldg
Hertig. Wendell N. Y. Life Bldg.
Hobbs. F. E.. 255 Temple Court.
Lancaster {: McGec. 619-G25 N. Y. Life.
Nash, Edward M III Guaranty Bldg
Moves, A. H. N. Y Life Bldg.
Mchoney, Stephen. Guar Loan Bldg.
Nye, Frank Nj. n Y. Life Bldg.
O'Brien, ]. F.. 93S Security. Bank Bldg.
O'Donnell NJ. c., 635 Andrus Bldg.
Pilgram, W. ii. H.. Sis Temple Court.
Riordan, Phil j.. Oneida BLOCK.
Steele. John H.. TO N: \: Life Bldg.
Sweeney John A.. sos N. Y. Life Bldg.
THAN. L. R.. Palace Bldg.
Thompson. Paul j. 40 Security Blk. Bldg
Young. H. w. 4o2 Globe BLDG.
The Irish standard., 1910-06-25
PROBATE NOTICE.

STATE OF MINNESOTA, COUNTY OF
HENNEPlN. PROBATE COURT.
In the Matter of, the Estate of Catherine
I. Heffernan Deceased.
Letters 81 administration on the estate
OF Cathel6he T. Heffe.nan. deceased, late
Of the County. Of ,Hennepin and State of
Minnesota, being granted to James E.
OBrlen of said County and State.
1t Is Ordered, That six months be and
the same is hereby allowed from and
after the date of this order in which all
persons having claims or demands against
the said deceased are required to file the
same in the Probate Court of said Coun-
ty Of Hennepin for examination and al
lowance, or be forever barred.
1t Is Further Ordered, That the first
Monday in December, 1910, at 10 o'clock
a. M, at general term Of said Probate
Court, to .be held at the Court House
In the City of Minneapolis, in said coun-
ty, be and the same is hereby appointed
as the time and place when and where
the said Probate Court will examine and
adjust said claims and demands.
And 1t Is Further Ordered. That no.
tice Of such hearing be given to all cred
itors and persons interested in, said es-
tate by forthwith publishing this order
once in each week for three successive
weeks in the Irish Standard. Il newspaper
printed and published in said county.
Dated at Minneapolis, this End day of
June, 1910.
BY the Court:
GEORGE R. SMITH,
Judge Of Probate.
The Irish standard., 1910-06-25
PROBATE NOTICE.

STATE OF MINNESOTA, COUNTY OF
HENNEPlN. In PROBATE COURT
In the Matter of the Estate of Joseph
kotek, Decedent.
count of the exccutrix Of the last viii
anu testament OF said decedent, and her
petitlon praying for the allowance OF
sald account and for decree assigning
tne residue OF said estate to the. persons
oy law entitled to the same.
~ Is ordered, That all persons inter-
Probate Court ON Monday, the 18th day
of July, 1910, at ten o'clock in the fore,
noon, at the Probate Court in the Court
House at Minneapolis in said County.
then and there to show cause, if any
there. be, why said account should NOT
pc allowed and said estate should not he
ton. sAo Pe.'-
And 1t Is Further Ordered, That notice
OF OF such nearing be given by publishing
.nis orHer once in each week for three
successive weeks, prior to said day of
hearing, in the Irish Standard, a news
~ ana by mailing copy Of this order
to all the legatees named in said will
and helrs-at-law OF said decedent when
thelf ADDRESS is known or can be ascer-
famed by due diligence. at least four
teen, 14) days before the date of said
nearing, unless notice is waived.
dated at Minneapolis, this 10th day of
June, 1910. o'' VA
By the Court:
GEORGE r. SMITH
=, ,e Judge of Probate.
Attorney for Petitioner,
Temple Court
The Irish standard., 1910-06-25

Cousin Will and his sister, Mary, a
maiden lady timidly disposed, were
driving the old nag in the buggy when
they met a traction engine. The old
mare was of a calm and undemon-
a runaway. insisted on alighting and
walking past the engine The engin-
eer stopped the vociferous thing and
came forward to offer assistance.
Can l lead your horse by the en-
CINE, sir?" he inquired.
THANK you," answered Bill; Il can
manage the horse very easily, but l
would be much obliged If YOU would
lead the lady by"
The Irish standard., 1910-06-25
The Dear Old Irish Mothers.

wv SSaI viz JuOI00FS,
They sit by the roadside, haggard
and old,
Their grey hair streaming from un-
der the fold
OF tatterd hood or threadbare
shawl
Wither'd women of JOY bereft,
The cloud of care on each forehead
lies.
And Times invisible crows have left
The print of their feet round their
faded eyes.
Pausing, the plying tourist asks
why do We sit by the roadside
drear?
Granddame, where are your household
tasks,
And where the home of your chill
dren dear?"
A head is lifted-a trembling hand
Points to the shipping at Queens
town quay,
Zone by one, to the far-off land,
Our children dear have gone over
the seal.
"Over the waters, wide and grey,
Alanna, aroon! to the strangers
shore,
Our sons and our daughters have
sailed away,
We never shall look on their faces
.more!"
The traveller turns from the patient
That plaintive wall in his haunted
ears;
His head, as he goes, has a pensive
droop,
And his manly eyes are dim with
tears.
For he murmurs low, while the bitter
blast
His pathway shouds with snowdrifts
white.
While the sunset wanes, and the
shades fall fast,
God pity the lonely poor tonight!
God strengthen the hearts where
their hopes are shrined!
O Erin's exiles wherever We roam,
Forget not the mothers we left be-
hind
The old folks sitting in tears at
home!"
Eleanor C. Donnelly.
The Irish standard., 1910-06-25
REFEREES SALE OF REAL ESTATE
UNDER JUDGAlENT AND, DECREE
IN PARTITION SUIT
STATE OF MINNESOTA, COUNTY OF
HENNEPIN, DISTRICT COURT
FOURTH NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
Henry Butcher, Plaintiff.

EEGNNEr ny, iiSIhiG SOURI,
Henry Butcher, PlaintifY,.
George Butcher, Mrs. George Butcher, his
wife, whose true first name is to plain
tiff unknown: Emma Butcher. Alvin A.
Eichhorn, Arthur L. Eichhorn and j.
W.. Dreger, partners under the style
and firm name of E. Eichhorn & Sons
and. Alvin. a. Eichhorn. Defendants.
Notice is hereby given that under and
ny virtue OF Judgment and decree en-
10th day of May. 1910. certified trans
cript OF which has been delivered to me-
l. the undersigned, referee duly appointed
therein will sell at public auction. to
the highest bidder for cash. on Monday
the 21th day OF June. 1910, at ten o'clock
IN the forenoon. at the Fourth street en-
TRANCE ct the Court House, in the City
of MINNEAPOLIS. In the said County. this
premises and real estate described in said
judgment AZ 1.,nt . and decree. toswit:
being in the County of Hennepin and
State of Minnesota, described as follows,
to-wit: he rear eighty-two and one.
half (S2ls) feet of lot ten (10), block one
hundred tW enty-seven (12O, Town (now
city, of Minneapolis, according to the
plat thereof now on file or of record in
the office of the Register Of Deeds in and
tor said County of Hennepin. Minnesota
Dated this llt'' r day Of Nay lf.i j 1slo.
5sS Security Bank Bldg.
JOHN J. McH.\LE.
Attorney,
40 Rank Of Com. Bldg.
Minneapolis, Minnesota
The Irish standard., 1910-06-25
STATE oFFicERs-MlNNEsoTl

STATE ERs-MINNESoTA.
rresident-Patrick kenney. Mankato.
ham.
State secretary-J. j. Fitzgerald, Pal
ace Clothing House, Minneapolis.
ireasurer-John Sherman. Winona:
state Chaplain-Rev. P. r. Cunning
ham. Hastings.
President of. Insurance Fund-T. J.
DOYLE, st. Paul.
Vice President-Jno. z. McGovern
=, Secretary of Insurance-John Mahoney
zz0 Temple Court, Minneapolis.
treasure" of Insurance-John Sheehy
Montgomery.
State Medical Director-Dr. E. W.
Buckley, ST Paul.
Directors of Insurance Fund.-. c. Nc
Carthy: st. Paul: NJ. F. Crahen, Mime
apols; W. E. Moylan, Eveleth: E: j.
luth.
State Board of Audit-M. j. Hynes,
Rosemount: j. P. Connolly. st. Paul: j.
The Irish standard., 1910-06-25
STATE OFFICERS OF LADIES' AUX
llIARY.

President-Mrs. Mary B. Daley, 1906
Central ave-, Minneapolis.
Vice President-Miss Agnes Hickey,
Graceville.
secretary-Ella c. Heating, lat Pleas
an Tre axsi ST. Haui j. f. Sullivan Duluth
Board of Directors-Mrs. M. H. Cum
mings, Minneapolis: Mrs; C.. J.. Conroy,
Auditing Committee = Mary Boylan,
Minneapolis: Margaret Scott, st. Paul;
Laura Conway, st. Peter.
Insurance Acknowledgements A. Ora
dy, saltwater.
Insurance ACKNOWLEDGMENT sulli-
van, Rochester.
State Medical Director-Dr. e. w.
Buckley, St. Paul.
Directors of Insurance Fund-Helen
McGrath, st. Paul: Susie Dessain int, Min
neapolis; Mary Coogan, Faribault; Nellie
Curran, Minneapolis; Annie Conroy, St.
Paul.
,es Audt n1,5,, Giommittee-Augusta NJ. will
Catherine O'Brien, Minneapolis.
The Irish standard., 1910-06-25
WINONA COUNTY.

County President NJ. ]. Ryan, 364 r..
King st.
Diyision No. l. Winona-Prss E. J.
John Cronin, AGA Huff St; Rec. Sec.
J. A. Mcmillan, 1928 w. Howard St; Fin.
Sec. and ms. Sec, Geo. A. Fitzgerald.
SCI w. 5th ST.; Treas, John p Snyder.
GA w. Wabasha; Med. Exam, j. L:
Lynch. Odd Fellows Blk. Meetings held
on second and fourth Thursday eve
nings at st. Thomas hall.