The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1910-06-27
BRAEIL'S PREMDENT.ELEcE.

Shal Hsrmss dA Fonssoa. the leading
soldier and tlS Prsaident-Oleot Of RTaHll.
may be regarded a. a step toward more
intimate relations between this country
and the great South American republic.
Since his election last March the Marshal
has been visiting the capitals q Europe.
palpably though not avoWedly with
political intent.
Brazil. a. was shown AZ the last Hague
peace conferences. h more than sagOF 10
impress herself on the world ~ " not
quite yet q FIRST class Power az least soon
10 attain that rank The Marshal, Who 10
man Of brilliant parts and nov clothed
with some Of the dignity Oi the Ofice
he 10 soon 20 hold, Il an informal ambanaA-
dor OF no small impressivsness.
Hia arrival here h ct for July %. and
he IL 10 stay a month. This will leave
him ample time 70 make q call on Prssi.
dent nia1 Of Mexico and 10 visit one o.
two Of the leading South American ~.
publics on his way home should he 90
desire, for his Inauguration a. President
does not occur until November IS.
lie 10 by far the most distinguished
representative Of Brasil who has appeared
in this country since the Emperor Dom
Pedro made his Wait in 1910. He has q
marvellous popularity among his own
people. a. was shown In HE election 10
the Presidency CsSpits the anti-military
feeling which Ia strong in Brazil. He
has real services 20 his credit too. The
reform Of the military system Of the
country, including the satablishmsnt
Of compulsory service for ell citizens on
q plan modelled after that Of Germany.
with a strong organization Of active
units backed by q reserve. a national
guard and a national guard reserve is
not only Of his formulation but was alao
enacted into Law in 1908 largely through
his influence. He has alsO met with hisA
recognition abroad. He attended the
army man@uvres in Germany in Isoa
and the Kaiser then singled him out
for special attentions and honOrs.
The national ambitions Of Brasil, for
which Marshal da Fonseca is % typical
a spokesman. are by no means uniuatifsd
by her recen. history. The admirable
maintenance VI domestic peace and order
for the last twenty years and the enter
prise and foresight shown in the dsvelon.
ment Of the country's resources point
TO absolute greatness for her in the near
future II the present fortunate cOndi-
tons continue. The annual message
presented TO the Congress last month
by the retiring President. DR.. Milo
Pecanha, WhO as Vice-Presidene accedeh
upon the death Of President Alfonso de-
MoTiera Penna on June Il Of last year,
shows that 1879 vas one Of the most pros
porous and progressive years in the his
tory d the country; and the early months
81 this year exhibited continuous i'm
provemeht.
After reporting on the realization OF
Marshal da FOnssoa's scheme Of army
reorganization and Recommending the
employment ~ European military m
sty1lctors Ia preference 20 the present sys.
lem Of sending Brazilian OAicerS TO Europe
70 learn the art Of war. President Pecanha
passes 10 the new brazilian navy The
iirst Of its three DreadnOnghis has already
arrived az Rio De JaneirO IL 10 perhaua
the mns, formidable warship now actually
in commission. The second. the sao
Paulo. h 70 be ready for service in Octo-
Ter The third IL expected next year
Naval bases and coaling stations have
been selected aud the necessary works
are IN progress. ThH President recon-
mcnds an appropriation for terrifying
them. lie also asks tina; a plan Of fOrti.
flying the rivers Of the country. especially
those which constitute bO,Indariaa be
provided for, a. well a. q squadron Of
armOred gunbOsts 10 patrol them.
In 1913 there was an extension Of
1859 kilomssers CrOuEhly 1900 mica,
In the Brazilian railway system. In a
few months more 7.Sss kilomstsrs or
about l 40 miles additional will 10 oDen
to traffic. The central railroad has al
ready penetrated ~ FAR as Rio de Sac
Francisco. establishing connection with
the State Of Bahia. In a short time tho
Sac PaUsO-RiO Grands Railroad will oon-
meet the important southern state with
the capital President Pecanha points
out that existing laws arc unfavOrabls
TO the development Of the coasting trade,
which should b. q great wealth producer.
he recommends legislation 70 encSuraRs
regular and frequent service betWesn the
leading ports by swift Steamships.
In 1909 sa.g0 immigrants landed in
Brazil. OF thsss al.I67 paid their own
EXPENSES; sos Of them were akrioul-
tnrists. Al present thirty-Ons colonies
are In process OS development. Of which
thirteen are backed by the States the Fed,
eral Governmsnt merely guarantssing 70
supply the cOlOnists. The sntsrprialnR
State Of Sac PaulO 10 backing aiH colonies
out Of it, own resources.
The weak spot 30 far In tho national life
10 its finances. The last financial year
left a deficit Of nearly Is.O00 600 Bra
Rilian dollars (abOut u cents 70 the dollarl
in gold. and nearly n $4,000 in paper
about 30 cents TO the dollar; they have an
extraordinary system Of keeping separate
accounts Of receipts and sEpsnditlnaS IN
the two media. These figures look alarm
ing. but President PecahhA hopes 70 see
the gap soon closed up. The first quarter
Of 1910 showed . net Increase Of - ,S1a
milrsis Of receipts over the same ported
Of 1919. and the growth Of population,
wealth and trade provides q further en-.
pansiOn Of the national income. The
President also gives some dstails OG 70
funding operations Of the national daht.
negotiations for which were In favorable
progress when he wrote. A rsductioa IN
interest from s or a. 10 4 peF cant. A TIA