davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1910-12-06
"A PIONEER ciTiILzEN DEh,,

Fl oNEER CITIZEN DEAD
George SQuick, q pioneer eitisen Of
Wood county, Is dead mt his home 1t.
parkersburgs The deceased was So
FAcToRY NEARING rs MPt erioN
The plant which the BALDWIN Fore.
Ing ~ Tool Company Is erecting az
Parkersbnsg IL Z me- rihg coliipletion
and has been ineorpo IA den tlie
~ name m ot the Baldwin TOOL Work.
Ihe I eetapans is corporated at three
hundred thousand dollars. OF ti,is
amount SEAS, 900 iias been slil,seri iss'sI
and the sum ef $500 mad Been s, BID ID
IN AZ the time the articles 81 moor.
peoration We're asked for. The follow.
ing are the Inc orporatorss ISraiils III
Baldwin, William i. Burdell, i! AZ
laws laws and Edwin q. Sharp. Of Co
lumbns, Ohio and Daniel Brock Of
CT. Louis: X II K n - = -
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1910-12-06
CHOIR oNcERT

The semi nnual choir Concert at
the First n. =. Church tonight Ill 800
o'clock. will be a treat for all lovers
Of good music. 'Elie choir tlder the
direction OF Aubrey 7, Martin; Iias
made remarkable progress In iian-
ding a high grade Of music. They
will appreciate your patronage
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1910-12-06
WANT lNpusTRless

The citizens ofs New Mari lnsyflle
are conducting II vigorous cathpaieh.
70 secure new Industries for that city
"A mass meeting Of the ITEM wis
recently held and plahs formulated
Tor securing industries. THE Eaii for
the meeting was issuegl by de New
Mlartinsyille Chamber Of Comnieroes.s
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1910-12-06
5coMMlssloN AlPlPolNrEn.

William Steel, Festus Downs, James
n. Leonard, o. NJ. Billfngsley ana N.
p: Orr We're: appointed by.Jndge Ma.
son to condemn the Black property
wanted by the City Of Fairnont for a
bridge sites = 81 fl II =,
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1910-12-06
lThE NEW

will arrive and find us full stocked
withseyery kind Of food product mat
VIII surelySfll5 youswith happiness For
good health above all depends upon
how and what You eat. ouE stap
lines are even better than Tie IIgh
standard We have hitherto attainel.
while canned goods, preserved frnil
and table tuxuries show married I'm.
prcyements In delicacy and fiayor.
Wishing you oil seasonabIe compii-
ments and trusting the New Year viii
bring US p continued enjoyment Of
your patronage.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1910-12-06
CONCERN inc oRp

The following concern has inst
been incorpo AZ Chafieston 'l'''
Mineral OIL q Gas Coi,inanv; III
Clarksbnrg, ". Va. to iriil Tor soii
and ~ gas, build: pipe lines, tanks, etc..
W Harrison county this State! CAM.
tal, $2a ,0Qos lncofpofa tors, e. s. Hoi.
den, of Buek nannon, w. Nelson
hopinson. OF GlarksbuTg, Nv. Vi. III
Z. Broadwater Of sPatkersburg ".
!, va; Arthur Sheet 81 Lost Creek. III
y. va, and $g!s d. DAVIDSON, ii II ciare
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1910-12-06

is heard IN the spring and the flowers
begin to, bloom? s. 4 2
Thus far this winter the season Is
very much like the one OF 1884, when
the Ohio river was at It's sheighest the
following March and millions or dol.
lars worth Of property was lost by the
flood. NJ ;s,;s 3t.:'!S
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1910-12-06
a Huntinaton Event.

GomplimentaEH 10 the Hon. j / Ion
Woods, 81 phliippi. MI. and Mrs. STU.
art. II Bowman entertained with 4
6yo,clock dinner at their home N, Fifth
IFlyelue last night Me event Vas ;otiei
~ n eEy hap iis chhf cIef and Nas
'en3oy ed In addition To- the guest 81
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1910-12-06

me second semi-annual concert will
be given by the church choir under
the direction OF Prof. Aubrey Martin.
The programme which has appeared
In the local papers is an excellent one.
An admission fee of so cents will be
charged, children half price. E
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1910-12-06
lfyoi are q woman, itryit.g

Z N B:-Wdie b. ladies' ADVISOR DEBT cflatis:
nooga Medicine Cos Chattanooga Tenn, iot Sprtjal
instIietozs, and 6t-p7ge book, Home Trcatrien1
toE Wousn.H aelt u plain wrappts, on REQUEST
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1910-12-06
rooTER,s pYE WORKS

CHRISTMAS CLOTHING should now
be made ready, and you will do wen,
to follow Santa Claus lead and nave!
your garments cleaned and pressed lin
honor Of the festive day, AT Footer,s
YOU Y, WIN And facilities tor doing this
work Of the very best, ns our skin I'M
alsaaihg an kinds u Gentlemen sliiia
ladies' garments bears witness. a
sale Agent 81 Fnirhiont ,
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1910-12-06

! As o that used artIcls You want %
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1910-12-06

S. N. MIsE,s
The Jewish herald. (Houston, Tex.) 1908-1914, 1910-07-14
THE JEWISH HERALD

against the time-honored custom of
the profession, frequent visits to the
members of his flock. He said: THE
minister should occupy the position of
a sane physician to the community.
Why should pastor be obliged to go
about and ask members to stick out
their spiritual tongues? If anything
is wrong, let them tell him and he
will give them the benefit of profess
sional advice. The ministry today
should be a mans job. One of it's
greatest perils is that the prophetic
note is often lost in the drudgery of
mere routine; in the raising of funds
and purposeless visits to the women
of the congregation, while the men OF
the church are downtown doing their
share of the work of the community
What we really need is fewer
churches and better preachers. The
minister should choose his own
friends without it being said that he
is 'toadying' to the rich. 1t is mis-
taken idea to 'coddle men into the
church. When man joins the church
he is expected to come in to find a
place of service. 1t is too expensive
to hire him a nurse at $4,000 a year.
Much of the worries of the pastor
should be eliminated through the use
of the telephone. 1t is no mans job,
this itinerant begging and pWposeless
visits to the sisters Of the congrega-
ton"
The Jewish herald. (Houston, Tex.) 1908-1914, 1910-07-14
w. p. HAM BL EN-.

On the ticket which will be handed
to every voter at the next election
there will be one name which those
of our readers who are voters should
bear in mind and be sure they vote
for it, and that is the name of w. P.
Hamblen, who is candidate for re-
election as Judge of the Fifty-fifth
District Court.
Judge Hamblen's splendid record on
The Jewish herald. (Houston, Tex.) 1908-1914, 1910-07-14

sembled anywhere than were brought
together at Pittsburg during the con
vention OF the Federation of Ameri-
can Zionists. Every phase, as affect
ing the welfare of our faith and more
unfortunate co-religionists, was
touched on in their deliberations and
much good will accrue to rebound TO
the glory of Israel
Those who look with hope to Zion
ism for a solution to their woes may
well say with Longfellow:
sail on, nor fear to breast the sea!
Our hearts, our hopes, our prayers,
our tears,
Our faith triumphant DER our fears,
Are all with thee-are all with
thee!"
The Jewish herald. (Houston, Tex.) 1908-1914, 1910-07-14
THE SOUTHERN TEA G. COFFEE
COMPANY.

This enterprising concern has for
the short time since they are in bust.
ness in Houston, certainly made a
great success and are daily extending
their capacity for delivering their pro-
sumner. Their coffees which are fresh
roasted every day are table luxury
and cost no more than inferior T%o-
ducts. To try them once is to remain
their customer. The different brands
of fine teas put out by this concern
are also of a superb quality and If you
will call them by phone Preston 417S,
they will take your order or send you
sample package free.
The Jewish herald. (Houston, Tex.) 1908-1914, 1910-07-14

the bench should alone entitle him to
succeed himself to the office which
he has honored; but to our readers
he has especially endeared himself
by his friendly attitude towards them
and by his utter disapproval of all
race prejudice and his Grafton before
the court and jury in the case of Law
lor VS.. Kellar, when counsel for plain
tiff tried to cast unjust aspersions
upon the character of the late Theo.
Kellar, and odium upon all Jews in
general, will long be remembered as.
the greatest eulogy on the Jews. In
a court over which a man like Judge
Hamblen presides, Jews can be sure
that no mean inuendos and no play
ing on prejudice will be permitted;
with him the true American spirit of
justice and fairness and equality be-
fore the majesty of the law will al
way prevail. Be sure to vote for w.
p. Hamblen.
The Jewish herald. (Houston, Tex.) 1908-1914, 1910-07-14
CONFERENCE OF AMERICAN
RABBIS.

DR.. Heller's address to the confer
ence, although very strong paper,
nevertheless omitted a great many
recommendations that are of vital i'm
portance to Judaism. Many problems
were brought up for solution and
many more were left untouched. But
all the way through it breathed his
characteristic sympathy and goodwill
Mr.. Claude G. Montifiore, who
inely astonished at the scope and
magnitude which American Reform
Judaism has assumed. He will have
much to relate on his return to Eng
land.
1t was only proper that the social
evil" as affecting the standing OF
Jews, should have been touched on at
such representative Jewish gather
ing but here again too much stress
was laid on Jewish participation in
the white slave traffic." by DR.. Ber-
kowitz.
DR.. Alexander handled the subject,
Judaism and Christian Science" in
very mastery manner.
The interest in the whole program
was undated till it's close with a
banquet, which terminated another
epoch making conference in the his
tory of American Judaism.
The Jewish herald. (Houston, Tex.) 1908-1914, 1910-07-14
EDITORIAL 4Hl
THE HABIT OF PRAYER.
~TOT~
(By Mrs. b. Lurie.)

The well-wishers of Israel complain
and not without just cause, that the
modern Jew will not pray in the syn
agogue; but-ah, there's the rub,
but" to the statement, therefore we
infer that said Jew is not an entirely
lost proposition. If not pray in the
synagogue but" then, pray where, we
ask. Why, as Paul the Apostle was
SO fond of apostrophizing, Eye fools
of little knowledge" in the churches!
There it is, in a nutshell, which, when
cracked open and it's interesting con
tents laid bare to our inquisitive gaze,
shows that the modern praying Jew is
a very fastidious creature, most un-
expected evolution of the old-fash-
toned, common "davenen Jehudi' from
whom he undoubtedly springs. We
find exposed in the open parts of this
nutshell that this new edition of the
refined Jew is not content to deliver
up the contents of an OVercharged
soul in any old church. No, indeed!
The saints forbid The especial
church of his choice wherein this in
teresting operation of unburdening is
to be performed must be an exponent
of the very latest brand of Christian
ity, must contain it's most up-to-date
wrinkle, its very last convolution, so
to speak, namely the Church of
Christ Scientist"
The prayers, which proved soul-sat,
isfying to past generations of Jews in
hours of direst trial and greatest dis
tress, are all inadequate to meet the
needs of the modern Jews more high
ly developed soul, his more sensitive
spiritual consciousness. Having ex-
hausted all sources of comfort and
elevation as are to be found in his
own faith, his broadened vision re-
quires some other means whereby his
historical imagination may be
soothed, his idle brain be occupied,
and therefore he turns to Christian
Science.
Well may it be said; How are the
mighty fallen!" surely from the sub
lime to the ridiculous!"
The Jewish herald. (Houston, Tex.) 1908-1914, 1910-07-14

Probably the reason Dr. Heller
failed to thank the Jewish press for
the publicity given Jewish meetings
of the character of the conference lies
in the fact that the press lives by
list sich," and DR.. Heller knows it..
The thanks ought to come from the
right quarter.
The Jewish herald. (Houston, Tex.) 1908-1914, 1910-07-14
ABOUT THE RAUCH G. LANG
ELECTRlCS.
275O Broadway, San Francisco.
Cal, May 10, 1910.
Rauch & Lang Carriage Co.,
Cleveland, Ohio.

GGnJl6m0n.-
We have had such delight and
pleasure in our car since it came that
/ have wanted to write you personal
letter to say what a really superior
machine it is compared to anything
else | know of or have seen. 1t is not
only beautiful but serviceable and fills
all our anticipations.
Sunday we drove about 40 miles and
next Sunday hope to take a little
longer trip down to San Marteo and
back.
1t is the most comfortable vehicle
| ever rode in and my wife showed it
to our best carriage builder here
Larkin-who slammed the doors twice
after looking it over and said that it
is a body that any carriage builder
would be proud of.
San Francisco is a very cosmopoli-
tan city and many of our earlier peo-
pie imported very fine French car
riages and we are accustomed to see
good things and know what they are
and havethem taken care of, so that
such man as Larkin is in every way
a critic. | understand your work
needs no criticism but it is not I'M
pleasant to know that your car is
placed where it will get the praise it
so justly deserves and there is so
much that is put out simply for CLAM
or to catch the eye and the pocket
that / want you to know that we full
ly appreciate the character OF your
work and what you are Offering for
SALE So many people look with sur
prise to see our car negotiating the
hills and the few that have ridden in
it are in love with it as they should
be.
With assurances of continued es-
TEEN,
Yours sincerely,
F. M. PICKERING.
The Jewish herald. (Houston, Tex.) 1908-1914, 1910-07-14
OPENING OF JEWISH CHAUTAU-
QUA.

The opening session of the four
teenth annual assembly of the Jewish
Chautauqua will be held next Sunday
night, July 18th, in Temple BETHEL,
Detroit, Mich. This will start a busy
The Jewish herald. (Houston, Tex.) 1908-1914, 1910-07-14
THE RABBITS TIME.

Modern reform opened up new
field for the Rabbits activities which
an old-fashioned Raw considers be,
meath the dignity of his sacred pro,
fession, that of being on visiting
terms with every members family, of
keeping in touch with all the societies
that spring up in the community and
otherwise assuming the pastoral func
lions of a Christian minister. He is
thus, so to speak, at the beck and
call of any member in good standing
his attendance at even minor affairs
being looked on as a foregone con.
cluSiOn. In case of protest, nOn-at-
tendance or noncompliance, he is
sure to incur undying enmity and GER
tain withdrawal of offended members
support and influence in the congre-
cation, sometimes of quite consider
able importance. No one realizes more
than the conscientious Rabbi, anxious
to serve God and his people, what
serious inrOadS these demands make
on his precious time OF course, mod
ern educational and social conditions
in a measure break down the wall of
sanctity and retirement behind which
the Raw of old was permitted to en-
trench himself, but it is nevertheless
true that the modern Rabbi chafes,
and justly so, at the attitude of mem
bcrs who pay" and therefore feel
privileged to invade the sacred pre-
cincts of his calling.
The Rabbi is expected to fulfill the
duties which were once considered as
belonging to the peculiar province of
the "Shammas." The visit of the
Raw" was a signal favor, token Of
especial distinction, made to the mem.
bers family only on rare occasions,
and their duration cut as short as pos
sible so as to preclude any possibil-
ity of infringing on his RabbinicaI
dignity. Under the present regime,
the Rabbits scoarly demands become
secondary to those of a social nature.
AT any function he is expected to be
the center of attraction, to be on the
scene from first to last. And woe be-
tide the man who asserts himself and
leaves too early, especially the home
of an influential member. r
In this connection it is interesting
to note that the Christian clergy, after
whom the present system is pattern
ed, are awakening to it's evils and
protesting in no uncertain terms, as
the following will prove:,
Preachers Criticism of Time-Honored
Custom.
Rev. M. H. Lichliter of the Maple
Ave. Methodist Church of st. Louis,
Mo-, declared himself before the meet
ing of Methodist ministers of st.
Louis as being in state of rebellion
The Jewish herald. (Houston, Tex.) 1908-1914, 1910-07-14

week of meetings which have been
arranged by the committee appointed
by the Board of Directors of the
Jewish Chautauqua Society. Dele
gates from every section of the coun-.
try signify their intention of being
present as well as representatives
from many Sabbath Schools. In addi-
ton, there will be a large number of
Rabbis present as we'll as laymen in
terested in education matters. The
delegates who so far have been named
from the various Circles are:
Mr. Jacob Goldbaum, Philadelphia
Miss Hortense Nathan, Philadel.
phia.
Mrs. G. Rickersberf, East Liver
pool, o.
Miss Lima Joseph, e. Liverpool, o.
Miss Jeanette Davis, Cleveland, o.
Rabbi Jacob Singer, York, Pa.
Bertha Silverberg, Niagara Falls,
N. Y.
Harriet Aronson, Niagara Falls,
N. Y.
Rabbi II. Rosenwasser, Lake
Charles, La.
Norris Spicker, Pottsville Pa.
Mrs. Chas. Lowenstein Enid, Okla.
Miss Mary Cohen, Philadelphia.
Miss Catherine Cohen, Philadelphia.
Joseph Shapiro, Bridgeport, Conn.
Mrs. Max Amberg, Niagara Falls,
N. Y.
Eva Kaufman, Pine Bluff, Ark
Irene Herzberg, Wheeling, w. Va.
Carrie Myers, Bellaire, o.
Myrtle Tuholsky, Akron, O.
Henry Cohen, Sharon, Pa
Rabbi David Levy, New Haven,
Conn.
Miss Leah Rosenthal, Cincinnati o.
Miss Norma Levy, Toledo, O.
Oliver Bachrach, Baltimore, Nd.
Miss Ola Goldberg, Houston, Texas.
Miss Tessie Schottenfels, Chicago.
Mrs. B. M. Engelhard, Chicago, Ill.
Miss Esther Silver, Chicago, ILL.,
Miss Clara Cohen, e. Liverpool, o.
Many of these will be active at the
different sessions and special day
has been dedicated to the study of
circle work of which there will be an
important symposium of problems of
Circles and their Solution" led by
Miss Jeanette Miriam Goldberg,
Field Secretary. Those who will pre-
sent papers upon this topic are: Har
riett Arnson, Niagara Falls, N. Y;
Mrs. Chas. Lowenstein, Enid, Okla;
Mrs. j. H. Abrams, Duluth, Mimi;
Harry Cohen, Sharon, Pa; Miss Lima
Josephs, East Liverpool, O.
Many attractive social features
have been arranged between the ses-
sions given to more serious work.
There will be a moonlight boatride on
the Detroit River and receptions and
entertainments rendered by the Wo
mans Auxiliary Association of Tenn
pie BETHEL.
Preliminary reports of those who
will be in attendance at the Assembly
show that the present gathering will
The Jewish herald. (Houston, Tex.) 1908-1914, 1910-07-14
ZIONIST CONVENTION.

No more earnest, serious-minded
gathering of men and women ever as
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-07-01

After experimenting with the ar
rangement for two weeks the mem
bers of the Retail Grocers' Associa-
tion at Mt. Pleasant will inaugurate
permanent cooperative delivery
system on the 18th inst There will
be regular hours of delivery, as fol-
lows; Ills a. NJ, S::45 a. M. 1:45 p.
m, 2:45 p. m, 4:45 p. m. The News
IN speaking of the matter says the
reasons given for the change are to
afford more efficient service and to
lessen the cost of delivery to the
merchants and lessen the labor of the
men and the teams BY this arrange
ment. it is pointed out, more goods
can be handled by one man and team
than before and there will not be
that punching of wagons in one part
of the city at one time and in another
part later on in the day, which is, of
course, unnecessary and far from
economical. Keokuk grocers might
find it advantageous to adopt the
same system.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-07-01
THE DAILY GATE CITY

ing But worst of all, the direct pri-
mary tends to disintegrate party
organization, destroy party discipline
and bring about party defeat. The
candidates selected do not have the
endorsement of party organization
and there is no one to hold respon-
sible for them, That candidates SO
selected will be better as class
than candidates selected by party
conventions is not to be expected, nor
has such an expectation been realized
in practice. As Major Cramer well
says, party organization is essential
to the well-being of all good govern
ments'' 1t follows that any arrange
ment which strikes at party organ
ization strikes through it at good gov
eminent. and should not he per
mitted to continue to exist. The Iowa
primary law should be repealed in
toto by the legislature when it next
meets.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-07-01

ing. Deacon F. G. Knapp kept his au-
tomobile in constant use giving the
children delightful auto rides.
Mrs. Edith Lamfort of Winfield,
Kansas, is visiting her grandmother,
Mrs. McKiernan.
Miss Eta Barton left Wednesday
evening for months stay IN Chica-
go, Elgin, Connect, Ohio and Niagara
Falls.
Albert Hale and wife of Mt. Ster-
ling visited Thursday with R. S. Mer-
rick and family.
Miss Margaret Mulinhill left Thurs
day for Wichita, Kansas to visit her
sister, Mrs. w. H. Traynor.
Rev. and Mrs. j. H. Krenmyer of
Jerome are visiting Mrs. Krenmyer's
mother, Mrs. L. G.. Hetzel
The Kensington Club was delight
fully entertained Monday by Mrs. P.
A. Peterson, Miss Ruth Dibble of Keo-
sauqua was an out of town guest.
Misses Addie, Marie and Helen Bill
derback of FIT. Madison are guests at
the home of S. M. Haley and family.
Miss Fanchon Good is visiting rela-
tiyes in Mt. Sterling.
Conrad Hassler is quite i'll with a
severe attack of liver trouble.
Miss Leona Weber of Geneva, Nebr
is visiting her aunt, Mrs. Chas. Good
Mrs. Frank Dill and children of Wa
terloo returned home Monday after a
pleasant visit with 1gg.F.,ves; they
were accompanied by Mrs. Dill's mo
ther, Mrs.> Jane Morelagd who will
make an extended visit in Waterloo
Miss Lola Hunt returned Saturday
from a visit with her sister, Mrs. Par
IRISH in Pulaski.
Miss Linnie Corns left Tuesday fol-
Des Moines for visit with friends.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-07-01
Editor Ram is Insulted.

Manchester Press: Congress Pick
Iett has insulted us and outraged our
finer sensibilities. He has had sent
to us a copy of the Year Book of the
department of agriculture. Now, this
this is very useful publication for
men who have good deal to learn
about the science of agriculture, like
F., L. Durey and Charley Chute, but
1t Is absolutely useless to us, for our
ideas are SO far in advance of anything
that 'Tama Jim" Wilson ever brought
out as to make his old-fashioned no
lions ridiculous If Congress Pickett
meant to insinuate, in sending us this
book. that we need to post up and get
informed on agriculturss matters, he
has offered us a deadly affront which
can only be wiped out on the field of
honor with meat ak.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-07-01
THE srAY-AT-HoME VOTE.

The Gate City said in recent issue
insurgents would have carried The
state If the vote had been larger;
that the vote as cast was fairly rep
resentative of Iowa Republican senti-
ment, and if more votes had been
cast the endorsement OF Taft and
Carroll would have been correspond
irgly more emphatic. The same view
is held by the Carroll Herald, which
supported Garst for governor on the
score of locality, Mr. Garst being a
resident of Carroll county. Replying
to the Des Moines Register and
Leader, which tried to make point
In favor of insurgency out of the
heavy stay-at-homc vote at the last
primary election, the Herald says:
The editor is not close student
of public sentiment or he would come
to a more reasonable conclusion. 1t
who refused to vote would have voted
the insurgent ticket had they gone to
the polls. They refused to vote for
the positive reason that they were not
in sympathy with the frame up handed
to them by the leaders. In every COM
munity men declined to vote after the
most persistent solicitation from self
appointed leaders. Their refusal to
vote was negative means of express
ing positive conviction, and it Is only
the superficial observer Or blind rad
ical that can misinterpret the situa-
ton as is persistently done in such
newspapers as the one mentioned"