davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The commonwealth., 1910-12-22
Modelling for Children
making Things" in Clay Give Pupils Idea OF
Artistic Beauty and Form.

There are sculptors who make specially OF
portrait busts and statuettes OF children and re-
Gently a movement has been started to make
plastic art in the form of small models and fgur-
ines distributed among the public schools, me-
dunn for teaching artistic ideals in young
pupils.
Strangely enough the idea of giving the chill
dred a lump of clay and setting them to making
something" themselves seems never to nave oc
Cured except to few of our school teachers. IN
many schools the kindergarten sand box is about
the nearest approach to it, but in some OF the
public schools in great cities modelng In clay Is
taught in the primary grades.
Modelling the concrete expression OF the sense
of FORM is the beginning OF all art
THE vital law lying at the root of all that
have ever tried to teach, says Ruskln, is the de-
pendence of all noble design in any kind, on the
SCULPTURE or painting of organic form
The appreciation of form, Mr.. Schneider ar
CUES can never he so well taught when the
pupil has bit of clay in his hands, and that 1t Is
natural is we'll proved by the desire OF every
child to mold something out of mud, If no clay Is
to be had The children at the seashore try
their best to build something though the sand
slips away So they wet it, and do the best they
can Give any normal child some clay and see
how easily it learns to model familiar objects
and how eagerly it amuses itself with this artistic
play 1t is along the pathway OF clay that a
child can be most easily instructed, being taught
to exactly and to reproduce more ana more
skfully as it gains skill by practice. 1t Is ed
ucation of eye and hand at the same time. The
ioy of creation is aroused and stimulated and the
powers of production are given full play.
If left to it's free will the child is apt to
attempt the complex rather than the simple and
therefore a certain amount of suggestion and
guidance is necessary To this end an entire
series of models have been set a course that
will help to lay the foundation for later artistic
education
The commonwealth., 1910-12-22

atively new. The extent to which they are used
has, of course, increased correspondingly with
the general popularity of the post card
Joseph Cundall, a London artist claims to
have issued the first Christmas card proper in
1916. 1t a lithograph, hand colored, about
the size of lady's visiting card. In 1862 cards
of this character were first issued in large num-
bers. They still of the visiting card size
inscribed simply "A Merry Christmas Later
holly mistletoe embossed robins and figures and
landscapes were added until the present stage
has been reached.
AS forerunner of the Christmas card were
the school pieces" and "ChriStmas pieces OF the
early part of the nineteenth century. These were
sheets of plain writing paper surrounded with
elaborate pen fourshes and scrolls, and some
times headed with copper plate engravings, plain
and colored. Schooboys used them at the holi-
day season. says writer, for carefully writ
ten letters exploiting the progress they had made
in composition and chirography. Charity boys
were large purchasers of these pieces and at
Christmas time used to take them around their
parish to show and at the same time to solicit
trihe
The commonwealth., 1910-12-22
1t Surely Was
% often found X

Mighty smart boys are often found
among the little chaps who are sent TO
the detention school, remarks The
Cleveland Leader. Not long ago Miss
Claire Walters, the teacher, explained
to the boys over there the meaning OF
the word paradox" "Give me an ex-
ample, boys" she said, after the long
lesson. One tiny fellow put up his
hand. go on and tell us. Jimmie
said the teacher. Well" he said,
my papa was in the war and he used
The commonwealth., 1910-12-22

the passage. jostled against De Chilly,
who wanted to stop me, and descend
ed the staircase, Victor Hugo had dis
appeared | could see only the wOm-
ans back, but it semed to me that
she hobbled along now more briskly.
The next day l told the poet that I
had witnessed his delicate, good deed.
oh" said Paul Maurice, his eyes wet
with emotion, every day that dawns
is day of kindness for him." l en-
braced Victor Hugo and we went to
the rehearsal.-From Sarah Bern.
hardt's RecollectiOns.
The commonwealth., 1910-12-22

sion of distressing anxiety, as sne
looked at the wide road she had TO
cross. with carriages and omnlbuses
nassing each other. Victor Hugo ap-
preached her, and after snort COLI
versation, he drew a piece OF money
from his pocket, handed it to her'
then taking off his hat he confided II
to her and, with quick movement
and a laughing face, lifted the bundle
to his shoulder and crossed the road
followed by the bewildered woman.
rushed downstairs to embrace MIN
for it, but by the time l had reached
The commonwealth., 1910-12-22

season for signs and portents regarding the
success or failure of their endeavors for the COM
Ing year.
If you beat your trees Christmas night they
We're certain to bear better crops than they nad
The year previously. A like result would follow
the wing of stones on every Christmas eve, or to
ne straw bands around the orchard trees on
Christmas would increase their fru1tfulness.
To make the grass grow well the succeeding
teaT. thrash the ground of your garden Win
fail Christmas with only your shirt on
In several of the old counties of England the
custom long survived of "saluting the apple
trees Christmas eve. and in Sussex they used
~ "Wassail,' "worsle" and chant verses TO
hem.
Christmas time is regarded by the maidens
of many countries the season when the Oracles
ece pleased to give them information concerning
their love affairs, telling them by various pro-
what will be the color of their lovers
air and his eyes his occupation and Whether
resent love affairs will terminate happily or 9TH
.rWise.
Some of these curious beliefs hinge on the
time of the birth of Jesus. Scotch 1olhlore
as it that he born at midnight OF Christmas
e. and that the miracle of turning water into
ne was later also performed at that hour. This
lief is also recognized in parts OF Germany
it is held that water turns to vine between
..r hours of eleven and twelve on Christmas eve
- lie in other sections of that country the change
u.lie"ed to take place on Christmas night
ti9ssips in Germany must find great sat1sfac
i'll the superstition that If one walks lhlo
winter corn on Christmas eve he will hear all
will happen in the village that year. Like
".o if goes to the crossroads on Cnr1stmaS
". Ie will hear that which most concerns MIN
re coming year"
rs should have care as 10 thell ae'i
The commonwealth., 1910-12-22

to tell me about horse he rode.
Pop said that back on the farm this
horse would shy at a little piece Of
paper in the road: be scared half to
death. But in the war this same horse
didn't care about smoke or noise. or
anything. but would carry Pop right
up to the rebels cannon. Amt that
a paradox" YES" said Miss Wal
ters, II guess it is" and she let it go
at that
The commonwealth., 1910-12-22
The Kindness of Victor Hugo

by the Luxembourg railings. VICTOR
Hugo had just crossed the ROAD anu
was about to walk on. An old woman
attracted his attention. She had just
mt heavy bundle of linen on the
ground and was wiping her Ioreneau'
On which were great beads OF perspi-
ration. +h,...
18th WAS half open, as she was
nantinp and her eyes had an express
The commonwealth., 1910-12-22

the night before Christmas If one howl on that
hlght ne Will go mad within the year Lights
should be kept burning all of Christmas eve If
they are allowed to go out some one in the house
will die. When the lights are brought in Oh
Christmas eve, if anyones shadow has no head
he will die within the year; if it have only half
a mead the death will occur during the second
half-year. If hoop comes off a cask on Christ
mas eve, someone in the house will die during
the year
Somewhat more cheerful is the belief that if
you make a little heap of salt the table and it
does not melt before morning you will live at
least year longer Woe to him whose salt pile
melts, however, for he will die within the year
the comforting part lying in the fact that salt
heap is not likely to melt, although some one
having spite against the maker of the salt heaD
The commonwealth., 1910-12-22
Overze alous.

Il always tell the plain truth" said
the severe woman.
You do more, my dear" replied
Miss Cayenne. You are not satisfied
to have it plain. You make Il as uRly
as possible"
The commonwealth., 1910-12-22

= UAINT and curious are some of the
"A old customs, beliefs and superstitions
"a of past ages which have come down
81 through different countries regarding
- Christmas eve and Christmas Many
~ of these pertain SO closely to the
- rites and ceremonies of heathendom
that the connection may be easily
traced others spring obviously from
"a legends, incidents and history sur
rounding the journey of Joseph and
y Mary to Bethlehem, the birth of Je-
sus, the alteration of the three kings
$ epherds and the life and teachings and
d, yrdOm of the Christ. Most of these de-
Aere are so strange and ut-of-the -ordi
ii is safe to say few readers are famil-
any of them.
lghout Europe the people engaged in
AMI agricultural pursuits generally have
regarded Christmas eve and Christmas as
The commonwealth., 1910-12-22
2reat Writer Carries Bundle for Old
Woman and Sarah Bernhardt Hugs
Him in Appreciation.

'.." day when the rehearsal was
'''T An hour earlier than usual, l was
Va ag, my forehead pressed against
ne "indow pane, for the arrival OF
'"e. Guerard, who was coming to
e me. | was gazing idly at the
footpath, which is bounded
The commonwealth., 1910-12-22
The Personal View,

What do you think about the idea
of putting light on your vehicle,"
1T wouldn't be bit of use to the
boss | always drive to town." replied
Farmer Corntossel. He's blind"
The commonwealth., 1910-12-22

N the pleasure and bus
tie of our own celebra.
ton of the birth of the
Christ child we are apt
to overlook the fact
that another portion of
the world is doing pre-
cisely the same thing
in a different manner.
Scarcely One-fifth of
The commonwealth., 1910-12-22

d season for signs and portents regarding the
ing year.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-04
STATE RED MEN IN SESSION AT
 DANBURY TODAY
Total Membership Reported 5,400, Being 262 Over
 Previous Year
Special from United Press.) )


 Danbury, May 4.-The annual meet ing of Great Sun Council of the Con- necticut Red Men was held here to- day with an attendance of 200 dele- gates from various parts of the state. Great Sachem Jacob Jacobs of New Haven presided over the session.
 The morning was consumed with the reports of the various officers. Past Great Sachem Charles w. Skiff, of Danbury, welcomed the delegates to the city and was followed by an address of welcome by Mayor Gilbert.
 Great Chief of Records William Saunders, of Naugatuck, reported 37 councils in the state with member ship of 5,400, being 262 more mem bers than during 1908. There were 40 deaths during 1909., Great Keeper of Wampum Culver of New Haven reported that receipts for the past year amounted to s3,519.13, and dis burSements $2,313.72.
 Great Sachem Jacobs made his re- port in a general way. He referred to the continual growth of the order and declared the Red Men in Con- recticut were up to the mark in ev- cry way, according to the standard set by the National organization.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-04
SOCIAL AND PERSONAL

The home of MT. and Mrs. John M. Robertson 29d Stillman Street was the scene of a very pleasant surprise Monday night when a number of their friends marched in and took possession of the house for the evening. A mer- ry time was spent with music and songs. MT. Robertson gave a few se- lections on the bagpipe which were greatly enjoyed. At Il D. m the com pany partook of a bountifu1 repast of Scotch delicacies. Mrs. Robertson who has the honor of being piper for Clan Campbell No. 24 I. $. c. was pre- scented with a beautiful set of sterling silver buckles suitable for his High land costume and Mrs. Robertson with a very useful household article and a handsome bouquet in token of the visitors esteem. Miss Janet Duffs made the presentation in a few well chosen remarks and MT. and Mrs. Robertson responded thanking the giverS.
 Songs were rendered during the ev- ening by Miss Jessie Murray. the we'll known singer, Miss Margaret Murray, Mrs. William Cannon, Mrs John Guest. Mrs. James Rae, Mrs Andrew Aitken, Miss Janet Duffs, Mrs. M. Bigelow and Mrs. A. Lake with Miss Mary Murray at the piano At a late hour the company dispers- ed. After singing the old time fa- vorite, Auld Lang Syne all having thoroughly enjoyed the evening.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-04
IMPROVEMENT OF PARK AVE, SERVICE
 IS ON THE WAY
Trolley Committee of Mayor Buckingham's Accom-
 plishes Good Stroke
Proposed Extension to Bath Houses Is at a Standstill Pending Settlement of
 Crane Co.'s Claims

In the proposed double tracking of Park avenue from South avenue to Seaside Park the public will see one of the improvements brought about by the aldermanic committee on inn provement of trolley service.
 During one of the conferences with officers of the Connecticut Go. Alder man John H. McMurray proposed to Superintendent c. H. Chapman that the line be double tracked in order to give better service to the people of his district as well as the general up with General Passenger and Freight Agent M. J. Leary who said the company would grant the request.
 The committee also told the of cials of the road that the trolley lines should have a terminal somewhere near the bathhouses at the end of the boulevard. It was suggested that the line be run from Park avenue through South avenue. MT. Leary said that the company did not have right of way through this street, but that it would be willing to run line to the bath houses if the city would give its consent.
 The Park Commission is agreeable to having the trolley line enter the park by way of South avenue, but now that the Crane Valve Go. claims to own South avenue plans for the building of a line over the South ave- rue line are at standstil1 until the matter can be fought out in the courts.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-04
These Hodges rugs
 are wonderful value.

There has never been time in Bridgeport when Hodges rugs of fiber and of woolandber, sold at such prices these. We doing it solely because bought the saesroom samples-and of bought them at far below the usual price, AS buy, sell and large savings are to be made.
 Hodges rugs are both durable and cleanly and at tractve Their designs artistic their colors excel lent This lot of samples is entirely of the 9by12oot carpet size the mostusefu and mostked of all carpet en together, which gives heavier rug.
 Hodges rugs particularly good for sleeping and for summer homes They easily and quickly and tractve But today they fairly sparkle with attractive ness
 Naho and Abak rugs, worth $50 and $9,-$6
 Hof rugs, worth $11,- s75o
 Kaba rugs, worth $12- $8.5O A great many patterns and coors for your choosing. And all good that you could choose with closed
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-04
M'CANN AFTER
 NEW PLAYERS

The noticeable weakness of the Bridgeport team as it stands today is in its batting strength. The team has played four games and has made but 20 hits, ah average of to the game.
 Manager McCann. however, realizing the weakness of his team went to New York on Monday, during the teams lay off, and has secured lines on several good players, but is unwill- ing to announce his additions until the men arrive in this city. He cites the case of Short stop Colvin who he announced would positively come here, but who was sold to Cincinnati. De- siring not to have anything like this occur again, he is content to keep the names under his hat. Enough has been dropped, however, to know that McCann has a first baseman on the way here. Bailey, his present first baseman may get a chance in the out field. Bailey originally came here as an outffelder. Manager McCann evil dently is keeping his word to the fans. Before the start he stated that if the other clubs are stronger than his, he knew where to get the men to fill in his weaker positions. He is now keep ing his promises.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-04
ffoWLAND's
Inspect hats
 :S3 to $s

A surprise ls ready for many women; they have lit tie idea of the good. looks and all-through goodness of the hats this store sells at $3 to $5.
 It is not necessary to pay a large sum to procure a hat that looks good and is good. A reasonable amount does 1t at this store. Hats here at $3 to $5 have graceful lines. They have tasteful trim ming. They are made by the same delft fingers as make our fine hats. Those fingers can produce delight ful effects with inexpensive materials. It does not re- quire costly colors to secure good effect. Colors can be blended or entrusted in lit tle-cost materials as well as in finer.
 In the Rowland hats at 8 to $5 this is exactly what has been done. They are tasteful. right-style, pretty. They look far more than their cost. We believe you will be interested in them.
 Second floor.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-04
HOUSEHOLD NOTES

White paint, when dirty, should be washed with milk.
 Cold tea is excellent for washing colored painted surfaces.
 Baked custard served with a little caramel syrup is delicious.
 Clean mahogany with cold drawn linseed oil and polish with clean
 Tn warm weather put eggs in cold water and they will froth very much better.
 Rag and fibre rugs may safely be put into the washtub and given good scrubbing.
 To prevent paet-v from burning. set in a pan of water in the oven while it is baking.
 Never try to ice cake hot. and let layer cake get nearly could before put ting together.
 Always use lard to grease your bake pans. as salt in butter causes 1t to stick to the pans.
 A pan of lime set on the shelves near jellies, fruits and jams will pre- vent their nolding.
 A small refrigerator, well stocked with ice is more useful than large one only half full.
 Sash curtains are preferable to all others for the kitchen. as they are cas- fly removed and washed.
 Cabbage cut Up in shreads and creamed makes a tasty dish. Serve in the same way as creamed celery.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-04
OBITUARY

Many sorrowing friends and rela- tives gathered this morning at the funeral services over the remains of Frederick Ehrsam held from his late residence, 149 Whitney avenue at g o'clock and thence to St. Patrick s church where solemn high mass of requiem was sung by Rev. J. B. Mi hill as celebrant, Rev. Joseph T. Picker as deacon, and Rev. Edward F. Curran as sub-deacon. At the of fertory the St. Cecelia quartet con- sisting of Miss Hogan, Mrs. Fay, Joseph Wieler and William V. Walsh sang 'Veni Jesu.' After the mass Miss Hogan and Mrs. Fay rendered Some Sweet Day." and as the body was being borne out of the church MT. Wieler sang Beautiful Land on High.'' The bearers were M. J. Nal lory, H. Seeley, w. Squires, Edward Lynch, Thomas Hogan and William Clifford. Rev. Father Nihill accom- panied the remains to their last rest ing place in St. MichaePs cemetery, where he read the committal ser vices.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-04
Nickel fittings for bathroom.
-$6
 50 $8.5O

There is sanitary good ness, beauty, and durability in each of these fittings for the bathroom. They are made of brass with a heavy coating of nickel and they gleam almost like silver. They are easily kept clean and have no spots for any foreign matter to secure lodgment with danger to one s bathroom.
 Racks for comb and brush-75c to s1.5c.
 Toilet-paper holders-25c to $1.OO. Toothbrush holders-2Oc to 75c. Soap dishes-25c to $1.
 Soap racks-5Oc to $1.
 Towel arms-5Oc to $1.35.
 Towel bars-45c to $1.5O.
 Tumbler holders-25c to $1.9O. Towel hooks-25c to 75c.
 Handsome towel racks of glass at 75c to $2.75 and shelves of glass at $1 to $2 are also handsome furnish ings.
 Fourth floor
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-04
Beauteous Tussah, silk-and-cotton.

One of the richest sum- mer fabrics that has yet ar riVed-and at a-fourth less than it's real worth.
 Tussah is woven of about equal parts of silk and cot ton. Itis thin and light and dainty-but it has much du- rability. It has all the lus- ter of silk with a lightness that silk rarely possesses. It sparkles with life and color; is woven in a unique pattern that adds to that irrides- cence.
 Colors are rich and in- clude champagne apricot sky-blue navy cream pink jasper lilac mulberry cataw- ba wisteria reseda and black.
 Twenty-seven inches wide, regular price 39c yd- 29c.
 Center aisle, rear.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-04
NO PLAN TO LOCK
 CHEFS AUTO UP
 AT HEADQUARTERS
Commissioner Crawford d Says Story Is Without
 Foundation

It was printed in a local paper a few days ago that the fire commis- sioners intended to enforce rule whereby the chiefs car would be kept in fire headquarters in Middle street except when responding to alarms.
 President George B. Crawford of the fire commission said this morn ing that he kne7v not why such a story should be circulated. He said: There is nothing to it. Many peo- pie think that all the chief has to do is to go to fires. He is the hardest working chief that I know of in the country and I believe that he should have an increase in salary of about $500 per annum for he receives less pay and does more work than the heads of the departments of cities the size of ours.
 .'It must be borne in mind that the chief has no deputy chiefs to assist Eim. He goes to all fires and takes charge. Besides he has all his fire marshal work to do for which other cities pay another official a salary or from $1 200 to $2,000 per annum. He has reports to make to the State fire marshal. And then again he has a great deal of work to do in looking out for the welfare of the department, v1s- iting each fire station once day. He is on the jump from carry morning until night.
 Tt must be remembered that the chief is the hardest working man in the department and that the rest of the men in the department have had two increases aggregating B 1-3 per cent within recent years and the sal ary of the chief remains unchanged" !"
 Asked if he would recommend that the increase be made President Crawford said that he believed that the chief should be given more pay and that he would favor it.
 He would also favor that the council fix the salaries of the assistant chiefs so that the commission could tighten the duties of the head of the depart nnent which were almost too great for any one man.
 AS for leaving the chiefs car in fire headquarters the president could not see how Chief Mooney could begin 10 do half the work that he does if he did not have vehicle to get about in.
 It is evident that those who started the story about leaving the car in quarters are not familiar with the du- ties of the office.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-04
PLAINTIFF ALLOWED
 $500 BY COURT

Court has found for the plaintiff to the sum of $500 in the suit of Peter Berardi of Danbury against Michael Setaro of the same place. The plain tiff in his complaint stated that in July, 1908, he purchased a half inter est for $500 in hotel owned by Setaro in Danbury. Setaro represented to him that the hotel was free from all debts, that it had good business, and that there was considerable liquor in the cellars. Berafdi soon found out that business was slack. that there was very little liquor in the cellar, and that there was a chattel mortgage on all the furniture. In fact the whole hotel was deep in mortgag ges