davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1910-01-16

considered, and its unit is the ohm
To prevent leakage of the current the
conducting wire must be insulated, because
otherwise the electricity will return to its
generator. The wire by which the current
leaves the generator is the lead wire: the
one by which. after doing its work, il re-
turns is the return. AS a rule the return
is not wire in the automobile, the metal
of the engine being sufficient to bring It
back. This method is known as grounding
the return, and careful insulation of the
lead wire is essential in its use, because
contact of wire and engine metal results in
a short circuit, the current starting to re-
turn to the engine without doing its work
Electricity is not body of weieht and
substance. like water. 1t is d force, and
therefore there is a slight license in saying
that it flows. Still. that word describes its
motion along conductor better than any
other.
Electric currents may be generated me-
chanically or chemically. Something must
be sacrificed to produce the current. In d
chemical generator the current is produced
by the action of chemicals upon a metal.
usually zinc In a mechanical generator.
such as a dynamo, the power produces the
electricity.
There are two sorts of chemical genera
tors, primary and secondary cells. the dry
cell being the form of primary cell univer-
sally used in automobile ignition systems.
This dry cell. as every one familiar land
few are not with electricity knows, con-
sists of a zinc cup lined with some alb
sorbent material In this. but not touch
ing, is a stick of carbon, the space between
the walls of the cup and the stick being
filled with absorbent material and broken
pieces OF carbon. moistened with chem
ical solution. The top of the cell is sealed.
preventing evaporation and to thumb nuts
on the projecting end of the carbon stick
and the zinc cup are attached the wires,
these nuts being terminals The carbon
forms the positive and the zine the mega
tive pole. current flowing thus when the
circuit is completed. When new the volt
age of such a dry CELL or the pressure of
its current. is about one and half volts
which decreases with use.
The secondary cell is a storage cell a
reservoir and not real generator. A cur
rent of electricity is passed into il. charging
it and causing chemical change. When
this charging Is complete the cell delivers
New-York tribune., 1910-01-16
TO EXHIBIT IN BOSTON.

OF late the juniors have been exhibiting
their models at the Young Mems Christian
Association branches and they are hotly
contesting for the l.. r. Adams Cup At
the first national air craft exhibition at
Boston, February 16 to %, they will pre-
sent their work to public view. Prizes
will be given for the best constructed mod
el well as for the best flyer. The boys
headquarters are "a the office of the aero
naut, a. Leo Stevens, No. 80 Ninth ave
nue.. MI Stevens, who has been interested
in the club from the time of its organiza-
ton by Miss Todd. has offered a cup for
the model that flies the greatest distance
at any official contest during this year.
Sidney Bowman has offered cup for the
best constructed model placed on exhibi-
ton in the course of the year.
On Saturday. December S, at the 22d
Regiment Armory. Broadway and 6Sth
street, Ralph s. Barnaby was the most
successful of the boys in. the first of these
contests in which they competed separate
ly. His monoplane flew 9s feet inches.
Percy Pierce sent his well constructed
model. in spite of a broken rudder. 81 feet
4 inches. OF the men, DR.. Carleton De-
derer broke all model records in a flight
of 163 feet S inches with his monoplane
W. Morrill, Sage's Wright biplane model
sailed So feet and won second place. The
prizes consisted of cups offered by
Flight" Automobile" and a. Leo Ste
vens Owing TO his mistaking the date of
this contest. Brian Mann Battey. thirteen
years old. winner of the gold medal at
Arlington on May % last. was left out of
the competition, TO his regret.
The models constructed by the boys are
usually cheaply put together. costing from
New-York tribune., 1910-01-16
NO s

There are two usual methods of feeding
gasolene to the carburetor from the supply
tank Gravity and pressure are employed,
the former appearing more frequently.
In cars employing the gravity feed, the
tank is placed at higher level than the
carburetor. the latter being the lowest point
OF the feed system. The disadvantage of
this method is that if the car is ascending
a steep hill the flow may be checked by the
fitting of the car. which might place the
carburetor above the level of the tank,
with unpleasant results.
Pressure may be maintained in the sup
ply tank and the gasolene forced out with
out reference to gravity The tank is tight,
TO retain the pressure, connected by
small but long pipe with either the com
bustion space of a cylinder or the eX-
haust pipe, maintaining within 1t the
pressure Of the burned gases. This press
ure cannot exist until the engine is run
ming, and a small hand air pump is there
fore provided TO produce pressure in the
tank and force out enough gasolene to
start the motor. A long pressure pipe is
requisite. TO prevent the possibility of ig
milton of the gasolene in the tank by
flames from the burning gases.
This pressure pipe is fitted with a valve
which prevents the pressure In the tank
from becoming too high, and retains press
ure when the engine is stopped. The
supply pipe must be fitted with strainer
TO prevent the admission of water or dirt
which gasoIene is likely to contain, par
ticuarly If bought in the country-to the
carburetor. This is placed near in the
carburetor itself
Many cars are supplied with an auxiliary
gssolene tank, placed on the dash and fed
by pressure from the main tank Case
lene flows by gravity from this tank TO the
carburetor.
Some manufacturers are opposed to the
feat feed carbureter. saying that the float
may prove a source of much trouble. A
multiple jet type may be adopted, in which
mechanical control OF the supply of gaso-
Iene is developed still further. The gaso-
Iene is forced in by gear-driven pump,
New-York tribune., 1910-01-16
THE JUDGM EMIT.

AS long as art endures-and we have
iohsieiiow's word for il that IL has last
"'s quahties-the critic will scor and the
"rust writhe under his sneers. and bitterly
resent them
nue'- cried B.. whose marines did not
~ mSs- excite favorable comment. you
s pronounce your judgments with
a's' ana Yet know and YOU know
a' you never held a brush In your hand.
ure 10 OK. ua You couldn't paint decent pict-
mantee' my dear fellow" replied his tor
an aa, TRANQUILITY Nor did I ever lay
whAensg; but 1 do hope know a bad one
""oh taste it."-Youth's Companion.
New-York tribune., 1910-01-16
WILD PIGEONS.

Western New York always sits up a
listens when wild pigeons are neh,ss ~ =
There are many people past miooie ~ -.
this section who in their youth WeiV 4,
custoned to see the prOGiSious n'sN''
these interesting birds. :,
There were millions. upon -nliii'0N' -.
them. They would appear say on =.
eastern horizon. and stream across ~
western line like clouds -,
But suddenly. they vanished. ""''.,s -,
No one has. ever been able 10 ,ahsNe, .s.t
question All dead. some say All ~ ,ssir
sene1' alton. no doubt. but wners 49, Ae, such
descendants? For IL passes oeis. oeirssr ss ard
a prolific creature could uiSNSf
Now a Story is current that whIs' whI1ss'asd
precious metals were found N h,,Sr-,is - hy
of Tiburon, in the Gulf OF AVE- weeks
a party which recently spent H. H. Win
there, the. island fairly SWAIN
myrtads OF wild pigeons -. sans re-
We repeat this story with tne sfats-
serve maintained toward all si.n nsve pre-
ments about these birds whiSh
Still. il is the firm belief Of many nav vet
the wild pigeons OF ,thelF ,youe.ih ~ Saunts
be found somewhere far from .aS fhose
of men. They were SlauShtefe1 hv me
old days ruthlessly and useiess' pot per
thousand, but their NUMBER Nasrsv grew
ceptibly diminished Fer Pe1hagI az their enemy,
gathered in some remote recon ~ South
ern California or IN ortNnrs~sDed ro-
America, and have thus FAR ese'F
tice. ., or not. "
But whether they survive - tneir cd
may not hope 10 see them III ,ns Mid
Northern haunts again T,,sian ard
things or the forest. Ike the ike The
his canoe on our watercouIsesss., umcd
nrimeval forests. and the ss,sss from
trout streams. untainted ny e'sa;sanpearst
human hahitations. they have aisaysra - yssratif.-
never 10 return But it woaie an,s - are bird
ing to know what became OF '.srr,,panionS
that with the hosts OF his ~ and con-
shot IKE an arrow through the al, al,,sasistencs
tributed so materially 20 usster us DeEps
o. the pioneer settlers.
erat and Chronicle.
New-York tribune., 1910-01-16

tion among the boys, two distinct classes
of student competitors will be opened at
the Young Mems Christian Association this
month, one for boys under eighteen years,
to meet on Friday afternoons between 3:45
and o'clock, and one for men and boys
above the age of eighteen. On Saturday
afternoons model contests will be held in
the armory, where special prizes will be
given for each class.
Because the Aero Club has displayed
little real interest in the doings of the
youngsters, it is now proposed to reor-
ganize the Junior Aero Club as the Junior
Aeronautic Society. The Aeronautic So
ciety has continually encouraged the work
of the boys and on June 26 last put up
twelve prizes which were distributed at
the Engineers Club on December 90 in
the form of special medals. Many Of the
members of the Aeronautic Society have
engaged in model contests of their own,
and the association of the boys with the
older workers at Morris Park has estab-
lished an acquaintance and given encour-
agement A committee of three from the
Aeronautic Society, headed by Carlos De
Zafra is ready to meet a committee of the
junior club TO discuss the affiliation of the
organizations, in response to an appeal
made by w. NJ Mohr, a school teacher,
living at No. 29O1 Valentine avenue. The
Bronx.
AS an outcome of the exhibit held at
Madison Square Garden by the juniors, the
wireless division of the club formed the
Junior Wireless Club. The organizers We're
W. E. D. Stokes, jr., Frank King, George
Elite, F. Mum and Frederick Seymour,
all youngsters averaging fourteen years
OF age Miss Todd was elected honorary
president and Professor r. a. Fessenden,
of Brant Rock, Mass, was enlisted as con-
sulting engineer.
Last April young Stokes. whose wireless
outfit still crowns the Ansonia apartments
reprimanded the Army and Navy depart
ments about the condition of some of their
wireless instruments, and, as the report
goes, several changes have since been
made in the equipment of the stations.
Among the prize winners of the Junior
New-York tribune., 1910-01-16
CANADIAN EXCHANGE.

Yeast-It is said that the United States
has been making increased purchases of
lambs from Canada.
Crimsonheak-Well do you consider the
exchange fdir?,
YeaSt-What do you mean?
CrimSonbeak-Why Canada gets so many
of our black sheep.-Yonkers Statesman
New-York tribune., 1910-01-16

81 to 50. They are quite likely to be dam
aged in landing. and repairs come so fire.
quently that little money is spent on the
original models, as a rule. Some of the
boys can build a good model in an hour
Wilson Marshall, jr.. son of Commodore
Marshall, was a successful competitor at
the Gould riding academy with his pur-
chased model but all except homemade
machines have since been ruled out
Most of the models weigh less than
pound. and the monoplanes are the favor
ite type. The propeller is operated by a
twisted rubber band in the majority of
cases, although in some of the heavier bi-
plane models clockwork has been used
The boys are now busy devising some
motive power for their models which
will permit longer flight. When a mo-
tive power has been found which will be
suited to the extreme light weight Of the
average model. there is little doubt that
the small flying machine will become the
most popular toy American boys have ever
found.
New-York tribune., 1910-01-16

doned, and with the renewed efforts of the
members of the clubs, it is not unlikely
that they will, either as combined or as
separate clubs, undertake the work soon.
New-York tribune., 1910-01-16
MADE BALLOONS AT FIRST.


AT first the boys devoted themselves prin-
cipally to making hydrogen-illed spherical
balloons and providing prizes for distance
travelled by them and for the most in
genious method OF disposing OF ballast
Miss Todd gave her attention unremlt-
tingly 70 the club, her efforts being second
ed by Wilbur r. Kinball, the present sec
retary OF the Aeronautic Association: AL
bert c. Triacas DR.. Julian P, Thomas and
others. Miss Todd was obliged TO finance
the club TO some extent. inasmuch as the
yearly dues OF % cents for each member
were insufficient for postage and stationery.
The balloons made by the boys varied in
size from that OF the toy sold on the street
10 envelopes three feet in diameter The
larger were made of goldbeater's skin and
carried net and car, weighing together
only an ounce or two. Curious devices were
employed for the disposal Of ballast Some
times this was accomplished by the melt
ing of ice, sometimes -four or sawdust was
permitted to ooze from a tiny box, and fire.
quently tail of inhamma BILE material with
lead tied on at intervals was gradually
consumed If balloons OF this character
were employed by the Weather Bureau
and provided with registering instruments
they would be found useful. Miss Todd told
use small balloons of this character, il is
said. Professor A. Lawrence Rotch, 1T
Blue Hill Observatory. has experimental
frequently with them.
When French and German papers abroad
copied the constitution OF the Junior Aero
Club and circulated it widely in Europe
much pride was felt by the New York lads.
Already the organization was growing rap
idly. Sixty active members were enrolled
and new branches Were organized in other
chief cities. Requests for information
poured in 10 Miss Todd and showed a
continually increasing interest among boys
IN many parts OF the country.
About a year after the formation of the
club Miss Todd. because of the amount Of
time consumed in the work. was obliged to
leave her post as organizer and chief ad-
wiser. Now. entirely severed from the juye-
nile organization, she continues to study
aeronautical subjects, and has recently
completed a biplane of full size at Garden
City. Long Island. which wants only a re-
arrangement Of the motor before trial.
In December, 1908, at the dog show in
Madison Square Garden, was held the first
aeronautic exhibit there. 1t was The boys
show, and they aTe to-day still conscious
New-York tribune., 1910-01-16

Threatened with becoming Unsuitable in
his demand for amusement, the American
youth whose toys have become almost as
numberless as the stars themselves, at
timely moment, il seems. has suddenly
taken TO aviation. and to-day seeks to COM
bine science and play by manufacturing
himself a brand new toy, the model aero
plane or dirigible.
During the evolution of the American boy
from the studied amusements of the kin
dergarten and playground to the maze of
social frolic athletic sports and public en-
tertainments he ordinarily encounters the
risk of being badly spoiled, at least. of be-
coming sadly fickle in his affections.
Thanks TO the generosity OF his parents one
toy barely gets warm beneath his touch
when another takes its place, and host
of absorbing novelties of games. puzzles
and bits Of mechanism follows in bewilder-
ing succession.
In the present aerial pioneering which
has become worldwide. a source Of saliva
tion afforded the youngster is being greed
ily sought in the organization of junior
aeronautic associations in various parts OF
the country Already the Junior Aero Club,
organized IN New York. with 3 nucleus OF
small enthusiasts, has representatives IN
nineteen states OF the Union. with the OBJ
Sect OF studying aeronautics, building mod
els and inKenting new means of aerial loco
motion.
BY the sudden popularity of the aeroplane
model and the fondness evinced by the
younger boys for devising their own ma
chimes many OF the idle and inanimate
toys of the present seemed doomed to eX-
tinction. kindergarten training may per-
haps deserve praise for the mechanical deX-
terity that is being exhibited in the many
boys aero clubs which have sprung up in
the last few months Native ingenuity has
found vent in the construction of a large
number OF prize winning models in New
York by which boys, mostly under the age
of fifteen years. have earned distinction for
themselves and have contributed useful
data to aeronautical research on the major
scale. Suffice 10 say, by way of compari-
son OF this mode Of play with those of the
past the coming lad will scarcely be con-
tent with the toys that have long found
ready market. but will painstakingly manu-
Gacture many of his own.
New-York tribune., 1910-01-16
WALTER n. PHIPPS.

His workshop at No. 218 West 122d
street is a rendezvous for the boys
of the Junior Aero Club. He is
seventeen years old.
New-York tribune., 1910-01-16
STARTED BY MISS E. L. TODD.

The idea of interesting the lads of New
York in the construction of flying models
came 10 Miss E. Lillian Todd, OF No. 81
West sd street. nearly three years ago
She sent a letter TO the Aero Club or
America on February 81, 1907, asking that
boys club similar to that Of Paris might
he organized under the patronage OF the
Aero Club. She inquired to what extent the
Aero Club would interest itself, i the club
would set apart two or three occasions dur
ing the year when lectures could be given
10 the boys on the subject Of aeronauucs,
and If members of the Aero Club would
preside at debates among the youngsters
Miss Todd pointed out in her letter that
branches could be formed in various cities
and by the children of army officers, and
called attention TO the fact that three hun
dred small balloons had been liberated at
children's contest in Paris shortly before
Surely the children of the United States
should not be unrepresented in this sclen-
tific sport" was the closing appeal
week later favorable reply came
from the Aero Club. On February Is
large number OF children congregated at
Fort George and. under the supervision of
Captain Thomas S Baldwin and Miss Todd,
set loose big flock of toy dirigibles which
they had prepared at the 25d street Young
Mems Christian Association. The little
balloons were addressed to the children Of
other cities, who had been told in advance
TO watch for them, and each balloon, be-
sides the address of the sender, bore re-
quest that the finder return it. Owing to a
high wind, most of the balloons blew out
TO sea, but a few were recovered in New
Jersey. On that day there were kite flying
exhibitions, and throughout the entire pro-
gramme a throng of interested men and
women watched the little fellows in their
sport.
Under the impetus of this meeting the
Junior Aero Club was successfully launched.
II took for its headquarters Miss Todd's
Office at No. l3l West 23d street, and by a
carefully prepared constitution announced
its intention Ito promote interest in and
encourage the study Of aerial science
among young people, and to hold exhibi-
tions and contests of apparatus designed
for the purpose of aerial locomotion. volun-
tary or involuntary, owned by active mem
bers." The work Of the members included
experiments in wireless telegraphy and
telephony. 1t was planned that national
and international contests of models should
take place. and eventually the members of
the club planned 10 build full sized aero
plane
New-York tribune., 1910-01-16
PERCY w. PIERCE.

His models have won him a repu.
tation in several states and many
prizes as we'll. He is fifteen years
old.
New-York tribune., 1910-01-16
RALPH S. BARNABY

His monoplane model won by a flight
Of ninety eight feet in tho 22d
Regiment Armory on December 8.
He is sixteen years Old.
New-York tribune., 1910-01-16

He won the gold medal at Arlington,
NJ. j.. last May. He is thirteen
years old.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1910-08-01
KAISER TO HAVE A PAPER.

lIlGltL1N, July 10, Prince Won Feur.
sle1berg, 'he kalsors powerful mil
ll0nalre G0n1dant Ia busy founding n
great modern newspaper 10 represent
patriotic principles, rs principal Oh.
leel being ~ eGmbnL The Socialists,
The Kaiser, ~ please whom Prince
Won F6ursle1berg IA starting the IN,
per, n urging lls prompt publication,
lie N anxious concerning The result
VI lbe coming elections, which ON
olaIs fear viii bring The strength "
tho Socialist group IN The ltelchslag
~ w 100 0r l80.
Gbe capital " Tho nov venture ls
gi,500,0O0, b6lf NJ which h already
subscribed by The princes Trust" Of
which Prince Won fuersteDberg ls The
befd 0mGia1 advertisements bank
announcements 5tBd such profitable
patronage Afe already promised w
me paper ~ viii b6 SOLD ~ 10 low
price, aud his n expected 70 give II
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1910-08-01
KEEPING TIE sAppArH.

ny lls scrUplos against sundaylaId
6ggs llarr0dsburg, KY has 0uld0ne
The sificlost Scots From Indy Mac.
nell Dean Hamsaly took tho anocdole
NJ the henwife who had some DorklnR
fowls ana was aBl,ed ms 10 their ACHE.
y0monts Indeed my Teddy" she
said, "tbey lay every day, no. except
lng The blessed Sabbath" Some Of
the humber creation, however appear
~ hive understood the signinanco "
sunday A hare was seen skipping
along The street 0f n little town as tho
people we're going 10 KIRK "Ay' y0n
beast kens vol II rs the Sabbath" re-.
marked mi old man n being mdtter
NJ course that nobody would bronx
tho Sabbath by hurting the animal
London Chronicle.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1910-08-01

lat THE THEATERS


Manager O0ngdon had an uneHnoot
ed selbaol, 10 his plan ~ providing
seat for eaoh of his customers u part
~ tho Time Saturday night NJ the
Paris lhealer, When The program
had run oul, tho lhealor man mounted
The stage aud requested that lhe seats
be- yaaaIed M another audience was
waiting outside r0r The second proc
gram A faw people moved, bul n
very haayy majority NJ The audience
pald nG heed 10 The request Mr.
G0nRd0n then offered ~ give n dollar
10 any person VINO could lrllhfully say
lhal he ~ she had not alraady re-
relyed fan value for lhe admission
prices and n IA related that four per.
sons had The immaculate gall 10 aeospt
The nancy what VIII ~ ran be- done
romans w be- soon, n appears Inst
sGlne people are hard ~ satisfy
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1910-08-01
The Novelty Toplubt,

rho biz realure NJ The Novelty thea.
ter lhls evening viii be- u comedy sa'
llre NY wise ana Milton entitled
"Tr0lble IN DarBl0wnP IN N are m
ellded their catchy songs "Bulolde,"
"lIasebalW ahd "Bye song" There
VIII be IN entire change NJ program
ms evening md again On Thursday
evening The next program viii IN,
dude thrilling stunts ny lbe great
Ma0H, "llahaP
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1910-08-01
CERTIFICATE or TREASURER.

/. d. l., CONKL1NG, Treasurer Of
the Territory Of Hawaii, do hereby cor.
tlfy, IN ACCORDANCE with tho require.
monts Of Section 2677 OF tho Revised
Laws Of Hawaii, the same being
portion Of Chapter 1863 Of said Revised
Laws providing for the incorporation
of banking corporations, that / have
examined into tho condition Of the
BANK or HONOLULU, LIMITED,
u corporation formed under said
Chapter 1863, and that the said corpor.
alton has complied with tho provisions
required by said Chapter 1863, aB
amended, 10 DO complied with before
commencing the business Of banking,
and that the said corporation, BANK
OF HONOLULU, LIMITED, II auth.
Orlzod 20 commence said business OF
banking,
In Witness whereof have horounto
set my hand ana affixed the seal Of
the Treasury Department, this End
day Of June, 1910.
tBig) y. Il. CONKLtN0,
Treasurer Of tho Territory OF
(Ben) Hawaii
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1910-08-01

Mr., OyereDd has bad u merry time
NJ N mr. lbe past week ~ ~, enter
laiDlDg bis friends NJ NE Empire thea
ter WIN pictures aHd moro pictures
bUl no vaudeville 'fbls was alright
nv me pictures we're RG0d n hos
LeeD found desirable, however IN 20.
i1p ~ u ME vaudeville ana some
YIN be saBdwiebed IN tho programs.
Among me sDeolm vaudeville TEXTURES
ms oyeDlGg VII be singing ma daBe.