davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Colfax gazette. [volume] (Colfax, Wash.) 1893-1932, 1910-12-23
POULTRY SHOW NEXT MONTH
Beautiful Display of Silver Cups to
Be Given as Prizes.

The second annual exhibit OF the
Whitman County Poultry & Pet Stock
Association to be held in COlfax January
9 to IA inclusive is attracting wide at
tention. The large and beautiful trophy
and association cups to be given as
prizes can be eeen III the front window
of the Commercial Club rooms. They
are works of art and greatly admired
Trophy cups, all to be won twice, consist
of the Purdy cup, for best display OF
bantams; |. B. Harris, silver cup, larg
est exhibit by one person; PARIS iewelry
store, silver cup, highest scoring pen
bantams; E. II. Rosenkranz, silver cup,
highest scoring cock, brown leghorns.
These cups were all won last year, but
must be competed for again at the ap
preaching exhibit In addition five as
sociatiOn cups, gems of art, will be com
peted for next month. A long list OF
cash prizes follow, so it will be seen that
much is in store for owners of fine birds
who place them on exhibit.
The Colfax gazette. [volume] (Colfax, Wash.) 1893-1932, 1910-12-23
Hiyu CuItus.

F. F. Carpenter, tonsorial artist OF
Pullman, who has been in jail much of
the time during the last six months
charged with wife desertion, released
only month ago, is again wanted for
not paying 50 a week for the support of
his wife and four children, which be gave
boDds to do. A warrant has been issued
for his rearrest. AS the noble red man
would put it, Carpenter is hiyu cultus.
The Colfax gazette. [volume] (Colfax, Wash.) 1893-1932, 1910-12-23
Death of Popular School Miss.

Miss Bessie Blackburn, the 14.year-Old
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. ". B. Black
burn, who live near Elberton, died Tues
day with typhoid fever. interment taking
place Wednesday at Elberton. Bessie
was we'll known in Colfax, where she was
a member of the 9th grade in the public
schools She contracted the disease
after her return home a few days
ago. An unfortunate feature connected
with the demise of the young lady is that
her mother and a sister are very low
with typhoid fever.
The Colfax gazette. [volume] (Colfax, Wash.) 1893-1932, 1910-12-23
Christian Church.

Song. Christmas Tidings," School.
Scripture Reading.
Prayer.
Song, Jesus Loves U.s." Primary
Class.
Recitation, George Dierk.
Exercise, "The Merry Christmas Tree, :"
six girls.
Exercise, "The Christmas Spirit" given
by 40 Sunday school scholars.
Program begins promptly at 7:3O on
Saturday evening, December "a. Every
body cordially invited.
Subject for the usual morning service,
"The Birth of Christ" In the evening
the pastor will speak on "What Healed
Naaman."
The Colfax gazette. [volume] (Colfax, Wash.) 1893-1932, 1910-12-23
On Halfway to Recovery.

The three children OF Mr.. and Mrs
Fred G. Dierks, who bave been down
with typhoid fever, are on the highway
to recovery. One died from the disease,
making four that were stricken at one
time. Water from a detective well was
assigned by attending physicians as the
cause for the disease. II nothing I'D.
foreseen occurs the remaining three will
pull through all right.
The Colfax gazette. [volume] (Colfax, Wash.) 1893-1932, 1910-12-23
Masons Elect Officers.

Hiram Lodge No. 21. F. & A. NJ,
elected officers December Is for the ensu
ing term, as follows: E W. Weinberg,
W. NJ. dor the fourth time); |. B. Doo-
little, S. W; Allen Andrews, J. W.;
Harry G. De Pledge, treasurer; D. L..
Kemper, secretary. Installation takes
place the first Thursday in January.
The Colfax gazette. [volume] (Colfax, Wash.) 1893-1932, 1910-12-23
Appointed to Deputyship. i.

County Auditor-elect S. NJ. McCroskey
has been appointed clerk OF the board
of county commissioners by County
Auditor Duncan, which position he will
fill until he steps into Office next month.
Mr.. McCroskey is thus familiarizing him.
self with routine work of the Office in ad
vance to taking office.
The Colfax gazette. [volume] (Colfax, Wash.) 1893-1932, 1910-12-23
Baptist Church.

The only thing connected with Christ
mas at the Baptist church will be the
distribution of presents to the children
at the Sunday school hour Sunday
morning. All children connected with
the Sunday school will be amply pro
vided for.
The Colfax gazette. [volume] (Colfax, Wash.) 1893-1932, 1910-12-23
Land Brings Good Price.

A quarter section of land belonging
to the estate of the late James D.
Mcconnell was sold under the hammer
last Saturday and brought $50 an acre,
or the neat sum OF $4,000. L. L Strobel
was the auctioneer, and swung his arms
and the land in at a rapid stride. c. j.
FeenaD, an adjoining rancher, added the
Mcdonnell land to his other holdings.
The Colfax gazette. [volume] (Colfax, Wash.) 1893-1932, 1910-12-23
Operated on for Appendicitis.

Miss Bessie Lothspeich was operated
on Monday at st. Ignatius hospital for
appendicitis, and at this writing is doing
as we'll as could be expected. She is
connected with the Jersey dairy over
looking Colfax on the west side.
The Colfax gazette. [volume] (Colfax, Wash.) 1893-1932, 1910-12-23
Noted Educator Passes Away.

News reaches us that S. D. Pope, LID.
minister OF education for the province of
British Columbia, Canada, died at Vic
toria on the 18th. He was a man OF
superior education as we'll as of exalted
character. Mr.. Pope was a brother in.
law of Mrs. Fred Chapman of Colfax.
The Colfax gazette. [volume] (Colfax, Wash.) 1893-1932, 1910-12-23
Nearing Completion.

The Hill brick, corner Main and Upton
streets, is assuming proportions, and, in
conjunction with the new Codd brick,
changes the appearance of things in
that block considerably from the old
order of things J. r. Butcher has the
contract to do the wood work. The
weather has not interfered materially
with the construction of these buildings.
The Colfax gazette. [volume] (Colfax, Wash.) 1893-1932, 1910-12-23
ST. Patrick's Church.

At this church Christmas services will
be held at midnight on Saturday night,
when high mass will be observed, and at
Z O'Clock Sunday morning mass will be
given. At 1920 a. m. high mass will
again be held. New Years religious
services as usual.
The Colfax gazette. [volume] (Colfax, Wash.) 1893-1932, 1910-12-23

Recitation, "The Christmas Wish, ;"
Sarah Cairns.
Recitation, "A Christmas Secret"
Maud Martin.
Vocal Solo, christmas Carol" Marie
Snodgrass.
Dialogue, "Grandpa's Gift"
Song.
Distribution OF presents.
The Colfax gazette. [volume] (Colfax, Wash.) 1893-1932, 1910-12-23
Good Samaritan Episcopal Church.

Christmas day morning service and
holy communion at IL a. m, Sunday
school at 1915 p. M, Children's service
at 7:30 p. M, including distribution of
Christmas gifts from tree to Sunday
school scholars.
The Colfax gazette. [volume] (Colfax, Wash.) 1893-1932, 1910-12-23
CHRISTMAS SERVICES
IN COLFAX CHURCHES
Santa Claus Will Be on Hand
to Give Presents.
Elaborate Programs Have Been Pre-
pared in Several, While All Will
Observe the Day in Some Form
Carols and Christmas Trees.

Christmas services in some form will
be held in all the churches of Colfax. In
some elaborate programs have been
prepared, while in others simple services.
including carols and Christmas trees, will
be features. Following is an outline of
events:
The Colfax gazette. [volume] (Colfax, Wash.) 1893-1932, 1910-12-23
Professor Sheets III,

Professor L. Guy Sheets of the High
school faculty is in st. Ignatius hospital
suffering from a complication of diseases
and an operation is hinted at.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15
Z arm ano
Garden
SELECTING SEED CORN.

Better Run Risk of Frost Than Pic
the Ears Too Early.
The first step toward hetter sert
corn for next year must he taken /.
the fall by selecting he seed ear,
from the stalks in the field h. corr
should be allowed TO MIXTURE well ol
the stalk. BY selecting fhn parlies;
maturing ears and picking thpin from
the stalk as soon as the huSks begin t.
turn yellow. which is Il common prac
tice. earliness is secRed at tie expense
of vitality. writes Professor Moore o
the University Of Wisconsin in thf
American Agrieulturlst.
A slight frost will not ininrp corn +
1t is well matured. and it is better to
run the risk of a frost than to pick the
ears too early. The latter part of th
growing season seems TO improve the
vitality of the corn greatly.
Care should be taken in picking scef
TO secure ears which are attached fc
the stalk about three feet above tho
ground. Those ears which grow pishpi
very high or very low upon he stAlk
should be rejected. as they are unGp
sirable. having characteristics which
we do not desire For the same rpn
son we should avoid selecting ears
with very short or long shnnks or
from dPformed stalks.
Go into the field after the htlskS on
the ears have turned yellow and Sc
Iect the well formed ears from good
stalks. Put them in sacks or baskets
md bring them to the side of the field
md husk. II is well TO follow definite
oWs in securing spnd corn, otherwise
lar"e number of good ears are
missed After the corn is huSkpd many |
'ars will lie found imperfect and |
hould b" described Only those ears
hou'd be retained for curing for seed
hlt are Of good form. Seed corn
hou'd be PIT into the proper place for
uring the same day that it is taken
rom the field
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15

An interesting case has been related
in newspapers during the past few
weeks Ct a country preacher down IN
New York who was led 20 take deep
interest In agriculture through the
ambition OF his sou. u seems that
they together made thorough study
Of scientific farming. with the result
that before long the dominic was far
In advance Of the other farmers in the
community in both the theory and
practice OF agriculture. He made him
self an expert Ia the matter OF soil
tiilage. Orcharding and animal bus
bandry. with the result that In the
trips be made over his parish 10 min
kter 10 The spiritual needs Of bis peo-
pie he was also able 60 give advice and
suggestions which enabled them 70
Increase their material resources and
swell their bank accounts. He was
thus able TO minister IN a tWOfold ca
pacity. aud there Is little question that
each type of service was the more e.
fective because q was correlafed with
The other. This Illustration points out
IN very simple fashion the chief way
n whicls churches and ministers can
ncrease their usefulness % humanity I
y heartfelt Interest and active particl 4
alton IN the everyday llfe problems /
md occupations q those whom fhey /
Fould reach and help
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15
500 Reward, 500.

The readers of this paper VIII De
pleased to learn that there it at least
one dreaded disease that science has
been able to cure in all its stages, and
that is Catarrh Halls Catarrh Cure Is
the only positive cure now known 10
the medical fraternity. Catarrh being
a constitutional disease, requires
constitutional treatment, Halls Ca
tarrh Cure is taken internally, acting
directly upon the blood and mucus
surfaces of the system, thereby de-
stroying the foundation of the disease,
and giving the patient strength by
building up the constitution and as
sisting nature in doing its work. The
proprietors have so much faith in its
curative powers that they offer One
Hundred Dollars for any case that it
fails to cure. Send for list of testimo-
malls
Address: Il. j. CHENEY & CO., Tole-
do, Ohio Sold by Druggists, 75c.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15
WINS BY NARROW MARGIN
Former Dallas Boy Elected Judge of
Clatsop County.

r. c. Judd, Republican. clothing
merchant was elected County Judge
of Clatsop County. having a majority
of five votes over Judge Trenchard
the Democratic nominee. Judd has
1882 votes and Trenchard 1927. Judd
Is son Of L. T. Judd. a prominent
dairyman of Salem. lie is a graduate
OF the law department Of willamette
University, Of Salem, and was for
years one of the leading football play
ers of the Capital city. With his broth
er. he has been in the clothing busi-
ness' in Astoria for several years. and
is the present exalted ruler OF Astoria
lodge OF Elks
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15

What is said TO be the largest farm
In the world belongs to Mexican
named Don Luis Terrazas at Chihua-
hua. 1t comprises 100000 acres. and
passenger train is more than half a
day in crossing 1t. The proprietor of
this ranch is Il little uncertain as t.
the number of cattle he owns. but he
guesses 1t is more than 100000 head
while fr owns 100000 horses, and his
sheep number 100000 head. Every
year about 100000 calves are marked
with his brand. At his own packing
houses. near Chihuahua City. Mexico.
there are slaughtered annually 25OOJO
cattle. about as many sheep and
great many more hogs. On his ranch
live 10000 people. mostly helpers.
while II requires thousand cowboys
to look after his cattle.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15

The bureau of animal industry
United States department of agrirul-
ture. gives the following recipe for
hog cholpra. which Is claimed los many
who have tried il 10 be Invaluable in
wnrding on disease: one part wood
charcoal one part sulphur. two parts
sodium chloride CSaln. two parts so.
dunn bicarh'natr lSodul. two parts so
dunn .hyruSulphiie. one part sodium
sulphate. one part aniimouy Sulphate.
Pulvrrize aud mix thoroughly. Dose.
one tablespoonful Tor each zoo pounds
weight Of hogs once q day.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15
Saved an Iowa Mans Life.

Ihe very grave seemed to yawn be-
Tore Robert Madsen, of West Burling-
toh' iowa when, after seven weeks in
the hospital, four of the best physi-
clans gave him up. Then was shown
the marvellous curative power of Elec
trlc Buffers. For, after eight months
Oh Irlshtfui suffering from liver troub-
lie and yellow jaundice, getting no helm
from other remedies or doctors, five
bottles of this matchless medicine
completely cured him. Its positivelv
guaranteed for Stomach, Liver or Kid
ney troubles and never disappoints.
Only soc. at all druggists.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15

A pamphlet recently issued by the
forest service recognizes three types
or forest lires-namely. surface. ground
aud crown fires. The surface fire burns
the surface layer OF leaves. dry grass,
brush and small trees: the ground fire
burns the deep accumulation OF vege-
table mold, while the crown fires nc.
company the surface fires and burn
the crowns OF the trees. The surface
hres' which are most common. XIII
seedlings aud young trees. but often
do not destroy the larger trees. Ground
hres occur only when the lcaf mold
has become very dry. are hard to ex-
burning all winter un.
der the snow-and usually destroy an |
trees, even killing the tissues OF the .
roots. Crown fires usually occur only
when surface tires are accompanied by
I high wind.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15
Eeedinn pairv Calves.

Young calves need whole milk for
the iirst few days. The calf should
always have the first or eOlostrum
milk Of the COW and be allowed to
nurse the COW until the eighth or
ninth milking. when the milk Is suit.
able Tor human food. Feed often with
small amounts 10 avoid overfceding.
Teach the calf 10 drink and feed whole
milk Tor ai least thrce weeks. changing
90 a ssimmiik diet gradually.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15
CURED To STAY CURED.
How Dallas Citizens Can Find Complete
Freedom From Kidney
rronblcs

Troubles.
II you suffer from backache-
From urinary disorders
From many diseases OF the kidneys
BE cured to stay cured.
Doan's Kidney Pills make LASTING
cures
Grateful people testify.
Here's one case Of it.
Mrs. Lydia Pearson. d st. ArrNrir,-
vile. Ore, says: 4 do not besitat. .,
recommend Doan's Kidney pills rs 7
consider them an excellent remedy I
suffered great deal from kidney
trouble. and had acute pains in ,bs
small of my back. 1 was also spbi,,.t
70 headaches and felt tired nsarl, ain
'he time tried a number OF rer,s5i.s
but was not relieved until bep,,
using Doan's Kidney Pills. I continued
,aking this remedy until I was fire..
from kidney disease" tSratar,.,,,
given In August, 19O7.)
Two Years Later.
on Dec. 10. 1903. Mrs p.,-.-..
confirmed her former statement s,,.
'ng The testimonial I gave in 1907
publicly recommending Doan's Ei5-
aey Pills was correct in every partic-
llar- am glad 20 confirm H."
For sale by an dealers. Price 90 /
'ents Foster-MHburn Co. Rur,l, /
New York. sole agents for the r-,i,.s f.
states.
Remember the name-Doan-s-s-s
axe no other.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15
BEANS AFFECTED WITH ANTHRA CNosE.

crop. Nearly every one is familiar
with the Srutt,d appearance of snap
beans and especially of the wax pod
ded varieties
Practically nll parts of the bean planl
except the roots are subject to attack.
The most common hdicatipn of the
presence Ot the disease is the occur
renee of brown oI black Sunkcn areas
on the stems. leaves and pods They
may also appear on the seed leave,
and stems of The plant soon after an
pearing above guund aud cause con
siderable losses through reduction in
the stand.
On the older Plants the attack t.
most serious on the lurpcr veins Of the
leaves. and the leaf-muy hr wholly de-
~ its ellirirnTy greatly rcduc-
ed. From the stems aud leaves the
fungus spreads 10 the pods.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15
Not Sorrv For BIundcr.

'If my friends hadn't blundered in
thinking / was a doomed victim OF
consumption, I might not be alive
now" writes D. r. Sanders, of Harris
burg, KY, "but for years they saw
every attempt to cure a lung-racking
cough fail. At last tried DR.. King s
New Discovery. The effect was wonder
full. 1t soon stopped the cough and l
am now in better health than I have
had for years. This wonderful life-sav-
er is an unrivaled remedy for coughs
colds, lagrippe, asthma, Group, hem
orrhages, whooping cough or weak
lungs. soc, $1OO. Trial bottle free.
by all druggists.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15
VIII Prnnlotn RenntN.

Women desiring beauty get wonder
full help from Bucklens Arnica Salve.
1t banishes pimples, skin eruptions,
sores and boils. 1t makes the skin soft
and Velvety 1t glorfies the face. Cures
sore eyes, cold sores, cracked lips,
chapped hands. Best for burns, scalds,
fever sores, cuts, bruises and piles. 25c
at all druggists.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15

There is little danger from cold or
from an attack of the grip except
when followed by pneumonia, and this
never happens when Chamberlain's
Cough Remedy is used. This remedy
has won its great reputation and ex-
tensive sale by it's remarkable cures of
colds and grip and can be relied upon
with implicit confidence. For sale by
all good druggists
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15

Chamberlain Stomach and Liver
Tablets do not sicken or grippe, ana
may be taken with perfect safety by
the most delicate woman or the
youngest child. The old and feeble VIII
also find them a most suitable remedy
for aiding and strengthening their
weakened digestion and for regulating
the bowels. For sale by all good drug
gists
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15
N;vers.hcd farming and crc7 ro-
alton are The best antidotes for
larn mortqares.
HARD FIGHT AHEAD.

Vigorous Measures Needed to Save
Country's Bean Crops From Disease.
We are beginning to see signs of an
lhracnoSe appearing in this country,
and the disease viii have to be fought
hammer and t0ngS to keep 1t within
control, says Field and Farm of Den
yer. The cut shows the appearance of
the fungus, When the disease reaches
this stage bordeaux mixture has been
effective in downing it in the west.
w" lave the advantage of dry eli
mate not only in growing beans. but in
fighting the diseases which attack the
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15
Legal blanks for sale at this Office
A Hairs Breadth Escape.

Do you know that every time you
have a cough or cold and let it run on
thinking it will just cure itself you are
inviting pneumonia, consumption or
some other pulmonary trouble? Don't
risk it. Put your lungs back in perfect
health and stop that cough with Bal
lard's Horehound Syrup.
Price 25s, soc and $1.00 per bottle.
Sold by Conrad Stafrin.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15

Bend Bulletin: What are the farm
ers doing toward raising cattle and
hogs for next seasons market? A Red
mond man paid 500 for pigs last
spring. He has already sold enough
to bring him 800 cash and has five
hogs left. Their care and feed is a very
small item in connection with a gener-
al farm.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15

81 do not believe there is any other
medicine so good for whooping cough
as Chamberlain's Cough Remedy"
writes Mrs. Francis Turpin, Junction
City, Ore. This remedy is also unsur-
passed for colds and Group. For sale by
all good druggists.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15

me Ailton-Freewater district is strr.
pug on a fruit crop that win - ~ " II
total value Of $500. .ooo. T7,is i "a" a
- --,.' una. section has ever befors n-a
... .lsea. Not only were erops y, pro, 80,
. l.'s hea'1, but the quality v,s - u
'n' The prices proff7b1. 's i'sh
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15

rr--,.-.- '''.h IN IN your back caused n.
'. sun muscles or a strg,, = I.
.H easy thing 60 get rid or p.T--,ls In ls
snow Iiniment cures .-t----ra lizard g
ns, ,.ns, sprains. cuts. burns ,---.- -.-.-'s.
~, l,s and an aehss and p.i,. : - v
nesd bottle Ga vo-- - 1'.A You
Conrad Stafrin sod by
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15

II am pleased to recommend Cham
bcrlain's Cough Remedy as the best
thing | know of and safest remedy for
coughs, colds and bronchial trouble. "
writes Mrs. L. B. Arnold, of Denver.
Colo. I'VE have used it repeatedly
and it has never failed to give relief"
For sale 10y all good druggists.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15
ShaU Women VOtpP

If they did, millions would vote DR..
Kings New Life Pills the true remedy
for women For banishing dull, fag-
ged feelings, backache or headache,
constipation, dispelling colds, impart-
ing appetite and toning up the system,
they're unequalled Easy safe, sure.
25c at all druggists.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15

ror pains in the side or chest dam
pen a piece Of flannel with Cbamber-
ID la'hs ldniment and bind It on over
the seat of pain. There is notbing ,.o+'
'er' For sale by all good druggists
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15
Blind

Mrs. Ellie Tiler Ravena, Texas, writes:
l was blind as bat I used Suther-
lands Eagle Eye Salve and it acted
like charm 1t cut the scum off my
eyes and restored my sight. It is all
you claim and worth it's weight in
gold. 25c a tube. Sold by Conrad STAFF
rim.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15
DIR. Bells Antiseptic SaIve

Is guaranteed for eczema salt rheum,
letter. ringworm, running sores, chap
ped hands and lips, pimples on the
face, black heads, BARRIERS itch, sun
burn, insect bites, fever sores and ma
sal catarrh. 25c. Sold by Conrad STAFF
rim.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15

The highest agricultural value IN fer
tilizrrS Is found in those that are man
ufacturCd mainly from animal matter.
such as animal bone. dried blood. ami
NAL tankagc. nitrate Of soda and high
grade potash salts
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1910-11-15

Owing to the immense sale and popu-
larity of DR.. Bells Pine-TarH Honey
there are many cheap limitations on
the market under similar sounding
names, but you can always get the
genuine by looking for the bell on the
bottle. Sold by Conrad Stafrin.