Watertown leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1909-1911, 1910-09-09
SAVING OF MILLIONS
WHAT COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM
OF WATERWAYS IMPROVE
MENT MEANS TO FARMERS.
FIGURES TO SUPPORT FACTS

On Shipments Of Grain Alone the D.
rect Return Would Mean 100000
600, and ProportionateIy All Other
Products Would Be Affected.
IN former article We gave facts and
nsures to prove that, If the compre-
nensive plan Of waterway improve
ment advocated by the National Riv-
era and Harbors congress were car
r1ed out, the direct return to the farm
ers OF the country, on the single item
OF grain, would certainly be 100000
ooo year-and probably would be
more than twice that sum.
But grain is not the only item on
which the farmers would receive
benefit. The fact is that for the farm
ors-and everybody else, for that mat
ter-the cost of transportation influ-
ences practically everything he buys,
sells, eats, wears or uses in any way
Whatever, except water, air and sun
shine. The average man Is inclined to
laugh when told that he pays out more
for transportation than he does for
taxes or because OF the tariff-but his
laughter does not alter the fact In the
least
There are three principal methods
OF transportation, the wagonway, the
railway and the waterway, and there
Is 30 great q difference in the cost of
transportation by these different meth
DDS that 1t Is worth while to study the
matter a little. The experts of the
good roads bureau estimate the cost
OF hauling a ton Of freight one mile
by horse and wagon on the average
road in the United States at Is cents.
The cost on thoroughly good, smooth
road might be reduced to 10 cents
Poor's Manual gives 1872 mills per ton
mile as the average price received by
the railways in 1907, while the official
records kept at the 500 show that the
average rate ON the freight carried
into and out Of Lake Superior in the
same year was only 8 Of one mill.
Facts In 'utsheII.
You can better understand what
these figures mean II they are stated
you have dollar to spend in shipping
ton of freight you can send it 4
miles on an average road, 10 miles on
a first-class road, 127h miles on rail
poad, and 1880 miles on q lake vessel
It is very easy to see that good
roads are lot better than poor roads
but that transportation by horse and
wagon Is too costly at the best to be
used except for small loads and short
distances. So far as interstate traffic
Is concerned the wagon road must be
left entirely out Of consideration. It
is Just as easy to see what q great
benefit would result from the building
of railway into a region where there
was none before, and that q still
greater benefit would result from SO
improving q river that it Is made
dependably navigable when 1t was not
30 before.
Waterways increase prosperity In
three principal ways, viz: direct saw
ing, indirect saving, and by what may
be called a creative effect. The direct
saving is that which occurs on goods
actually carried by water, and some
facts which indicate how great this di-
rect saving Is, will also make more
plain the vast difference between the
cost of transportation by rail and by
water
Through the 500 canal at the out
let OF Lake Superior there were car
ried in 1907, 58,217 PA tons Of freight.
This was carried an average distance
of 1888 miles at an average cost OF
g of one mill per ton-mile. If this
had been shipped by rail at the aver
age railway rate for that year G.82
millg). its transportation would have
cost $33S, 633,364 more than was paid
for it's carriage by water.
The total freight carried on all
lakes that year wss, IN round num-
bers, 100 100000 IONS. This vast ton
mage was carried for $3.50, oo0,o0o less
than It would have cost to send it by
rail, and the improvements. which pro-
ducs a saving large enough to pay on
the national debt in less than two
years, cost only $S5,ooo,o0o.
Proof Of Good Results.
Wouldn't you call that a pretty fair
dividend on the Investment? And don't
you think it would pay to improve all
our waterways as fast and as far as
we can?
But" says some ono, what reason
is there to suppose that improved riv-
ers would give anything like as good
results as have been obtained on the
lakes?" That is a proper question and
Is entitled to an answer.
The only waterway in this country
which has been improved as whole
is composed Of the four lakes above
Niagara Falls, but there are many I'M
proved rivers In Europe. From q care
Kul study Of the results obtained on
these rivers the army engineers esti-