The San Francisco call., 1910-06-17
INTENSIVE METHODS

j
Intensive methods Of culture of small
areas are urged by the experts, who
declare that the results viii be two
fold. Deeper plowing. the increase Of
soil humus by turning under green
manure crops, and the clearing Of the
land of weeds by better methods ~of
cultivation. as we'll as careful seed
selections, and the use of types Of
grain of higher milling value, are
urged by Professor shaw IS improved
methods essential to the production Of
more profitable crops. Continuing, the
. bulletin says;
The plowing IN general should
be 10 depth Of eight inches,
which depth. unless green manure
crops are TO be turned under,
should be reached by a gradual in
crease in depth covering a period
Of two 10 three years, thus bring
ing within the reach OF plants
larger supply of plant food and
making a better storage reservoir
for moisture. While the BENEFITS
derived from plowing may not be
so evident the first season. the re-
suits obtained are of permanent
character and the effect of such
blowing viii be more noticeable in
succeeding seasons.
The increase of humus in the
top foot is of vital Importance for
d" improVing the physical and the
chemical condition of the soil. The
most valuable crop for supplying
this humus in the shape OF green
manure is a mixture of rye and
peas, which may either be grown
in combination or separately. If
grown in combination, the rate Of
seeding should be about 40 pounds
OF rye and SO pounds of peas to
the acre. II used separately, the
rye should be used at the rate Of
20 pounds and the peas at so
pounds. These should be seeded in
the fall just as early as il is pos
eible to plow the stubble land.
which can generally be done by
December ], and the resulting crops
should be turned under early in
March. 1t is recommended to dop-
bic disk the stubble Immediately
after the wheat crop is harvested
TO assist in the retention of mois-
ture and to put the land in such
condition as to allow an early o
shallow blowing and good seed bed
for the green manure crop. In
order to get the maximum effect
from the green manure crop. the
spring plowing for turning under
the green stuff should be deep.
CROPS INCREASED
Tabdlated results Of the effect of
Easeh treatment are printed in the pub
lfcation. and show that in the ordi-
nary fallow system where the yield
Is 2S bushels per acre and 1876 bushels
where crop after crop Of wheat is
raised. will be increased to 51.3 bushels
per acre after a heavy crop Of rye
had been turned under the surface.
Two new varieties of wheat. the
Chul and Fretes, are mentioned as
being superior TO club wheat and equal
II not superior TO the white Australian
IN productiveness and milling quality.
Speaking Of these varieties. the bulle-
Tin continues:
The Chul is an early. erect, and
vigorous variety and may be
seeded as late as February IL and
Ia d.
dium long, taperiDg and bearded;
II stools freely and grows 10 a
height of n 10 4 feet. This va
riety has a very close fitting chaff
and does not shatter readily. The
kernels are large. long and trans
lucent in character, and very much
harder than those of the white
Australian type. The average yield
of ChUl to tie acre for the last
three seasons has been 445 bush
els. while the Australian, grown
under the same conditions, has
FIelded 35.9 bushels.
Considerable of this variety of
wheat viii be available for seed
this season and can be obtained by
correspondence with O. ". Shaw,
Berkeley. II has been grown for
several seasons by growers in the
Sacramento valley, who regard ii
as a valuable wheat
The Fretes variety has not yet
been widely distributed, but the
University of California viii have
some Of this wheat for distribution
another season, and small quanti-
ties can also be obtained from the
department Of agriculture. This is
an early. erect. vigorous variety,
but must be sown not later than
December. It does not retain its
grain SO we'll as Chul. ana the ker-
nels are softer This wheat has
averaged in the San Joaquin val
ley for the last three seasons
46.5 bushels per acre, against 35S
bushels per acre Of white Austria
liam