The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-12-17
London Editor Condemns the
 Military lingo
NATIONS ARE BURDENED
Turkey, Brazil, Germany and Japan Keep War Bugaboo to the Front. Judge Baldwin of Con
 necficut Speaks

Washington, December 16.-That war scares are largely inspired by "arma- ment contractors who ultimately would drag various countries into the bank ruptcy court" was cnarged by Francis W. Hirst, editor of the London Econo- mist in an address before the Inter- national Conference of the American Society for Judicial Settlement of h. ternational Disputes tonight.
 He characterized as absurd the pur- chase of dreadnoughts by Brazil ito protect itself against Argentina" and declared that the rivalry between Japan people of Japan under a load of taxes, while armament expenditures also were wrecking the finances of Great Britain and Germany.
 The supreme court of the United States Is analogous to the proposed ar bitral court was often cited in the dis cussions of the conference.
 General depreciation of war was add ed to by Dean Charles Noble Gregory of the Iowa State university. who said aviation was a new means of destroying man by overhead attacks. the inland cities now being no more immune from invasion than the sea coast points.
 The permanent court of arbitral jus tice. the purpose of which the society hopes ultimately to put into effect re- ceived favorable and unfavorable treat ment by various speakers.
 Diplomacy and Justice
 MT. Hirst commented on the danger of having the court "too judicial" urging that diplomacy be mingled with justice for the general satisfaction of all. MT. Hirst read letter from Lord Loreburn, lord high chancellor of Eng land, who wrote: q need not tell you how deep and sincere Is my sympathy with any movement to further the judicial settlement of international dis putes. It is the hope of the future and will be realized-of that am con- fident--sooner or later and when 1t comes the world will with gratitude remember the sustained efforts of the American government in this good cause and will treasure them among the loftiest endeavors of great na- tions" fl
 Referring to this analogy of the su- preme court of the United States to permanent court of arbitral justice he said:
 'The analogy between international and national law is not and can never be complete because one of the func- tions of International law must be to adjust and reconcile, not to override conflicting systems.
 My purpose" continued Mir Hirst, lis to show that the evils and dangers are constantly shifting and changing so we must be ready to apply various remedies. The growing wealth and power of con tractors who supply governments with stores and ornaments of all kinds is DOT tentous. They can well afford to keep a press which shall rouse or aggravate national fears and jealousies, playing off one prospective battleship against an ether. There are four or five notable in- stances just now, namely:
 Notable Instances
 Naval and military preparations of the Young Turks against Greece and Bull garia which have created a deficit of ct0, 900 900 or a12,000,000.
 "The absurd purchase of Dreadnoughts by Brazil, which have proved far great CT danger to the republic of Brazil than to the republic of Argentina, against which they were designed.
 "The supposed attempt of Germany to supplant Great Britain at sea.
 "The rivalry between Japan and the United States. which Is almost crushing the people of Japan under a load of taxes
 "The favorite reply of armament mon gers is that armaments are the only se- curity. If you are unarmed, they say, you are unsafe; that laws and conven- tions may be broken, and that there Is no international force behind an inter national award, no army or navy be- hind an international tribunal, no means of arresting an international tribunal. To quote the ancient dogma-if you want peace, prepare for war. But as MT. As ouith pointed out the other day, the growth of armaments is becoming such 4 financial burden upon even the richest states that the taxation it involves arouses dangerous internal discontent, which may at any time provoke outbursts destructive of the worlds peace. The di- version of capital from fruitful enter prises Into forts and battleships, of men from productive employment to armies and fleets, where they have to live upon the taxes is perhaps the most obvious of the great economic mistakes of our time"
 He closed with the statement that he who could bring about a scheme which would be adopted by The Hague for the Limitations of armaments would win eter- nal fame.
 The Hague Conference
 The Hague conference came in for a large measure of praise as well as ad- verse criticism.
 Henry B. Brown, retired associate jus tice of the United States supreme court, defended the work of The Hague tri- bunal but gave little encouragement for the effectuality of a permanent court of arbitral justice, chiefly because the ab- ciently strong to enforce Its decisions"
 Tt Is easy to conceive of two of the Latin nations agreeing to arbitrators or judges, who might be wholly unaccept- able to nations of northern Europe" continued Justice Brown. Tt would hardly be expected that oriental states would be willing to submit their differ ences to occidental judges or that Eng land and Germany would consent to be bound by judgment of a court composed of Chinese and Japanese, or even from Italy and Spain
 One of the first steps toward world wide peace said Justice Brown, was the limitation of armaments by treaty.
 "So long as the Europeon powers Der sist in multiplying their dreadnoughts and training every man as a soldier, em- ployment will be found for them to justify their existence"
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