davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1910-03-27
AGAINST STRIKE LOSSES.
Geswaay HAS syvtcm &C Insurance. 20
Employers.

Germany NAN ByWaGm ~ hM4NfNWDD NNF
Employers.
Insurance against striAcs loases d an
institution OF rsCent date In Germany
writes Consul Albert OF Brunswick. Tbs
numerous strikes which have taken plac~
in this country have caused industrial
employers TO use all means for seIf-prO-
lection and self representation against thu
attacks OF labor. While ths workman
must suffer deprivation during a strife.
they have nothing TO loss. When ths
funds Of the union are exhausted. th-
striker n supported ny contributions
from other lalVor organizations.
Severe nathvkl damage n dons tho
employer by n Hrike. The factory lies
idle and suffers depreciation frorn want
Of use. Production ceAses and the an
ployer in these days % keen composition
u exposed 10 the danger 90 being driven
out OF tho marriott which he has with dit
fculty acquired. Az the seoppaGs ~
work generally takes place at times ~
greatest prosperity. when orders are ms,
numerous. he n likely 70 loss all his c,us.
tom 20 competitors.
This mfavorabls position OF industry
an compared with labor. which N sur
ported by len system % Organization
has brought about industrial insuranc-.
against loss by strikes. The extent n
which Il prevails may be Judged from
ofsicial statistics just published. Ac-
cordinR 10 the bureau Of statistics. there
are in all Iorty-eight companies. namely
thirteen strike- indemnity insurance COM
panlea. twenty-six employer associa
tons for strike assurance and nine IN
which indemnity - from occasion 70
occasion granted.
The conditions under which a strike m
demnity are paid IA different in the ssvera
COMPANIES. Assistance IN granted N
case oG strikes and generally in lockouts
But this II sub iect 20 fxsd conditions. the
most important Of which h that the stop
paRs Of work has not been produced hy
the fault OG the employer himself
The obligations OF tho companies ~
associations 70 their members begin aGtera
aIed interval. I'm most cases three months
but many vary up to one year. Tho regu-
IaeiOns are Also different m to whether
after the lapse Of this period relief shall ~
granted from the first day % the breaking
out of the strike or only after later juno
ture or period some Of the compafii~s
make the granting Of the indemnity upon
further conditions. for instance. the mum
Der o9 the strikers
The whole institution. however. " still
in its infancy. Tho numtSer OF It's al
hsrentN. nevertheless. increases from
year to year. showing its economical usc
sulnesa. The fact that u strengthens the
position of the employer against tho
attacks OF labog N svidenced by the dimin
iahsd number uf strikes. With their uB-
hApDy conssQuonoes.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1910-03-27
SOME VIEW BOOKS.


Tn. period froEn IsaI TO isSo ~ treated
w the seN entb Voluns Of Mr.. IoHN BAcH
McNIAsTER's history a. the PsOgis OF hhs
Gated Ss.i,s 81. Appleton and Company.
W ths general subiests considered here
Ss have the currency famine and the hank
V,ipt snd r.pudiatinE states 20 seventy
wears aRr the struggle for revenue 20 MI
the empty Treasury ~ 1871. ihe natural
and social aape,.is ~ the Eaei and the
saith and the Nest ai that time. the s'rorts
for social and political Improvement. the
steam transpOrtation ny land and SO. the
telegraph and other inventions. literature
and the tine arts the movement for ca
ranrion. the annexation % rexaa and the
var With Msvico. tbs. Oregon boundary
the Free soil movement. the trade routes
60 the Pacific and the rush to California
on the discovery 81 gold An outline,
however. does not AZ all suggest the nature
81 Mr.. NcNIaster's work In making our
selections for reyiew We have thought
N signify something ~ ~ great variety
and detail
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1910-03-27
wa.

Meantime people were going In Ore
gOn- The spectacIe was described by
an ohs~rveT writing froEn Independence
In The spring % isAS. EVEN as - WFtaS,'
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1910-03-27

hutton. Prescott had leAped into fame e
home and abroad by tho publicaesOn of
Ferdinand and lnAbellA.' Poe wAs hetae
appreciated. seldom doss hin name ap-
pear in tho lists Of American men Of lsttsrs;
YET before lsO no had published Tho
Murders In tho Rue M0rxae.' the Ms
Found in Bottle. the 'FAn Of the HOUSE
% fahsr' and 'LigeiA.'" OF the N0W Eng
lAriay and Holmes wAS rising into note.
Lowell had but just graduated from
college.
AZ the time whsn Mr.. Putnam wrote
his book the fOrsmOat man u letters liv-
ing In America was Emerson. -0f the
great mass Of poets and pOSteAsss-ths
htsrati. 40 they loved to think themselves
not ons 10 nov remembered. That was
the puerils A9s Of our litsEAture. and was
justly denounced an such by Poe. OF the
threescore and more American writer's
reviewed by him the modsrn reader
knows not ten. Estslls Lswis. EliEabsth
Ellet. Caroline Kirkland. Ann Stephens.
Mary dove. Elizabsth BogaTt. Epss SAr-
gent. Ralph H0yt. Rufus Dawes. George
Cotton, Laught0n Osborn. William Lord
all and many mors woro long since for
gotten But tbs period from IstO To 1850
was to he marked before lie olOse by many
excellent things. EmsFSon continued.
Poe came along with The Black Cat
The Gold Bug The Mystery Of Marie
Roget -Annabel Lee The Raven and
The Bells.- and passed with LITTLE mo-
tics ~ his grave Hawthorne and Lowell
gave with full hands From Cooper
came the hest Of his novaln and much
besides. IsOngfellow was bountiiul;
Prescott published two mora histories.
PaTkmsn appeared
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1910-03-27

dwellings. Backingham bore witness that
the streets were well paved. well lighted.
sWep, and drained. and that they we're
free from the mud and dust - UNPLEASANT
IN New York. Pearl street. and Summer
street.. long rincs surrendered To busi-
neaa. were then fine streses OF residence.
The TremOni House In the opinion Of many
travellers was the best hotel in the coun-
try; hat M traveller commanded tAs gong
that clamOrOusly aroused him a. 80 and
that half an hour later deefened him with
~ braSsn summons TO breakfast. The
hour for home dinners was aud for din
nsT parties S: all parti.s aud daOcea we're
over b-fOr~ ~
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1910-05-14

The long dry spell of weather has
pretty nearly ruined the chances OF
all who had to plant their cotton
after the cold had killed it. The soil
is so dry that the cotton planted
will not sprout, and if the rains come
now it is going to be a close race as
to whether any of the late cotton can
be saved from the boil weevIl.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1910-05-14

Aaron Wainwright, charged with
shooting into a railroad train, who
failed to show up at the last term of
court, and his bond was forfeited,
came in on Friday of last week and
surrendered to Sheriff A. B. Perkins.
Wainwright's mother was on his
bond. He has given a new bond and
been released.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1910-05-14

Never hesitate about giving Cham
berlain's Cough Remedy to children.
II contains no opium or other narcotics
and can be given with implicit conf
denoe. As quick cure for coughs and
colds to which children vrs susceptible,
it d unsurpassed. Sold by all dealers.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1910-05-14

Mr.. j. NJ. KEGS. of Georgetown,
came in Wednesday with the returns
OF the good roads election, which
went three to one in it's favor at his
precinct. He handed in his subscrip-
ton to the Chronicle, moving bis
figures up to January 1, 1911.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1910-05-14

Mr.. Thos. P. Hickman spent two
or three days in Colfax this week
looking into some old land matters
which he has been digging up.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1910-05-14

The Colfax Concert Band will at
tend the Aviation Meet in Alexan-
dria on Sunday in body. Our band
is credited with being the best con-
cert band 10. central Louisiana, and
they will give the big crowd that
goes to see the airships fly a sample
Of their playing.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1910-05-14

DR.. p. Goode returned from the
Old Soldiers Reunion at Mobile, Ala,
on Thursday evening of last week.
He says the ranks Of old Johnnie Rebs
are getting mighty thin, and it won't
be many more years until the last
old gray beard is gone.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1910-05-14

Mr.. H. L. Brian, the q. S. DEM
onstration agent at Little Rock.
gave US an appreciated call on last
Monday. He came down to visit his
family at Verda, and remained over
to put in good, sensible, patriotic
vote for good roads.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1910-05-14

The full tabulated returns of last
Tuesdays election will be found ON
our first page, giving the number OF
votes and the amount OF property
voted for and against the good
road tax at each precinct in Grant
parish.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1910-05-14

Mrs. H. W. Ledbetter, wife of the
Methodist minister at Colfax, was
greatly FRUSTRATED this week with
sickness, but we reglad to learn she
has rallied considerably within the
last twenty-four hours, and is now
resting easy.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1910-05-14

Mrs. Edward Ledbetter, of Ruston,
after spending about two weeks visit
ing her sister, the vile of Rev. H. w.
Ledbetter, returned home on Thurs
div last.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1910-05-14

We are requested to announce that
Rev. d. H. kirkpatrick will preach
at the Colfax NJ. E. church on Sun
day at IL O'Clock and ut night.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1910-05-14
dbe GOlfa. Chronicle
SATURDAY, NAY IA, 1910.
The man who wins, mind you, has
often felt the sting OF losing.

BoRN.-To Mr.. and Mrs. C. W. La
Croix, Tuesday night, May 10, 1910,
q fine boy, making the fifth son in
the family.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1910-05-14
Hart, Schaffner & Marx
MEMS FINE SUITS

MEN ZINE
$1,000 Hart Schaffner Marx suits sale price SASS
$500 Hart Schatfner Marx SUITS sale price 1865
2750 Hart Schaffner Marx SUITS sale price 2l35
5000 Hart Schaffner & Marx SUITS sale price % 40
$500 Hart Schaffner Marx suits sale price ..... 2625
Remember this big Mems Goods Sale will last only fifteen
days. avail yourselves of the opportunity of buying high
class Mems Goods at Cut Prices
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1910-03-27
SITUATION IN INDIANA
Problem Confronts the Supporters Of
Senator Albert J. BeVeridse.

Indianapolis. March 26.-Whether the
Republican state convention, which
will be held in this city on April 5, will
endorse the Payne-Aldrich tariff law as
well as the course of United State SEN
ator Albert ]. Beveridge, who voted
against the bill, was question that
caused the party leaders deep concern
when they assembled today in the
ninety-two county meetings to select
delegates tc the state convention.
Senator Beveridge will be candidate
for reelection before the next legis-
lature. early in the new year. The last
legislature elected a Democrat, 3. F.
Shiveley, to the United States Senate, to
succeed the Republican Senator. Hem
enway.
The Republican politicians admit that
the attitude toward the national ad-
ministration's tariff act that the party
shall take is the most serious question
it has faced in Indiana for many years
The Indiana convention will be the first
state convention of the year, and the
platform it adopts is expected to have
national significance.
Neither the recent convention of the
Indiana Republican Editors associa-
ton nor the state convention of the
Lincoln league adopted a resolution APP
proving the Payne Aldrich tariff law
Both adopted resolutions praising Sem
ator Beveridge and urging his return
to the Senate. A faction of the mem
bers of the editors organization advo-
Gated that its convention endorse the
national Administrations tariff policy
but they failed to put through THEN
resolution.
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1910-03-27
MEN ALMOST FAMISHED
Narrowing Experience of Members of
Railroad Surveying Party in
British Columbia.

Vancouver, b. c., March 26.EThelr
supplies stolen by Creek Indians in the
wilds Of the Rocky mountains, ana
with every one of their forty-four
horses dead from starvation, twenty
two men belonging to Canadian
Northern railway survey party, headed
nv Engineer c. F. Harrington, arrived
in Vancouver today, after having
fought their way to civilization through
mid winter snowdrifts- On their return
trip from Yellow Head pass, where
they had been at work, the engineers
discovered that their caches Of supplies
had been rified. The horses persisted
of starvation on the trip into the
Rockies, the animals finding ii impos-
sible To dig their food from beneath the
frozen crust of snow. March When
1872 miles northeast of Kamloops, the
TWENTY-FIVE men found that ali that lay
between them and starvation was I'VE
pounds of bacon. On that they walked
over the snow for two days TO Blue
river. where fifty pounds of -four was
given them by a trapper. Twenty-Five
miles farther south q cache OF 1OO
pounds of flour was found. This flour
was made into bannockS, which were
equally divioad among the men, who
struggled on over the wind-swept ice
drifts of the North Thompson river,
ninety miles to the head of a govern
ment wagon road. At this point a set
Element was reached and two days rest
taken. So famished were the men on
reaching the settlement that they con-
silned five bushels of potatoes at one
meal
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1910-03-27
Garfield Notes
Especial to The Herald-Republican)

Especial to The H6rdiC-RepuDucdn.J
Garfield, March 26.-The Sunday Even
ing club is providing interesting and in
structive programs for the people. The
young missionary, Rev. Rice, is the factor
in the field. ably assisted by the repre-
sentative citizens. and by Salt Lake
friends-Rt. Rev. Bishop Saplding, Rev.
Elmer Goshen, Judge Richie and others
have contributed most ably TO the sue,
cess of these meetings. The delightful
musical features of Mrs. Plummer of Salt
Lake have been real inspiration.
In fraternal lines, the |. o. o. f. is the
pioneer lodge, with a fine hall and in
creasing membership. The Knights OF
Fythias have sprung into the front in
numbers and activity in two months. The
w. y. W. have a good following, and are
in line for larger growth.
The Garfield Social club, organized foI
the promotion of a good time, has mad q
season Of pleasure and good fellowship
during the winter and will close its sea
son March go
The Graham bureau has furnished its
entertainers in musical lines. Some Whc
participated are the Hyde quartet, Miss
Irene Kelly, Fred Graham, Mrs. Leaty
Montgomery, reader; }. W. curtis dhO
Mrs. Curtis
The latest feature is the Young Men
club and it is awakening unusual inter
est The club will give it's initial program
on Monday, March Is. The local aspirants
will produce some clever numbers, ano
will be ably assisted by some OF sail
Lakes finest talent. Mrs. DR.. Plummet
and the Misses Osborne VIII proVlce
charming musical numbers, and Mrs
Johp Reed will contribute choice readings
The proceeds will be used for furnishing
fha plub rooms.
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1910-03-27
@ @ @ 0 @ @ @ @ @ W@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @

made yesterday by the United States
civil service commission, be held in Salt
Lake on April IS, 1910 The position
pays a salary of $500 per annum. The
examination will also be for the purpose
of creating an eligible list for making
selections for future vacancies in the
positions of messengers and skilled la
Dor; also positions requiring similar
qualifications as they may occur in the
classified service in this city.
Application forms for the examina-
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1910-03-27
ACCUSED OF TRYING TO
STEAL DOCTORS RIG

Complaints were issued in the juvenile
court of T. NJ. Bishop yesterday, charg-
ing c. Mannix with attempting to steal
q horse and runabout and a case of
surgeons tools from DR.. NJ. c. Wood of
Salt Lake. Mannix, who had acted as
driver for the surgeon, appeared in Og-
den several days ago. While under the
influence of liquor he is alleged to have
attempted TO sell the doctors medicine
case. He was arrested and brought to
the county Jail in Salt Lake for inves-
tigation pending the issuance of COM
nfaiDt
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1910-03-27
DIES OF ALCOHOLISM.

Edward Maley, aged %. former por-
ter of the Buffalo saloon, died suddenly
at his room in the Savoy hotel early
yesterday morning. Alcoholism was the
cause of death. He had been drinking
heavily for the past several weeks. His
body was removed to the mortuary Of
the O'Donnell Undertaking company.
He has three sisters living at Penn Yam,
Y. Y.
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1910-03-27
LEATHER WORKERS GAIN.

H ]. Kirby, who has charge of the
strike of leather workers in Salt Lake,
last night signed an agreement with
A. II. Crow & Co. TO operate union
shOp in the future Crow employs
three men. At the same time, Mr..
Kirby's advices from headquarters are
to the effect that the employers all
over the west are granting the de-
mands for shorter hours and higher
wages, and that at least SOC leather
workers nave returned to work.
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1910-03-27
Gained Is Pounds.

Mrs Hattie Hamilton, r. F. D. No. 2
Sparta. KY, writes:
II have taken two bottles OF Peruns
and commenced on the third one. / did
not really need the third one, but thought
it best to take another bottle.
II have always weighed 102 pounds, but
since / began taking Peruna l weigh 40
for the first time in ali my life, and 1 am
now 80 years old. Your medicine has
surely done me a great deal Of good. and
I have recommended it to several others
who have begun taking II.
Ny mother, who is IS years old, had
grown so weak she could scarcely walk
She took two bottles of Peruna and is
rleshier and looking well"
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1910-03-27
ADMITS HER GUILT.

Rather than stand trial on charge
of grand larceny, Irene Ball, negress,
appeared before Judge I. d. Lewis OF
the dis trict court yesterday and entered
a plea of guilty to the charge OF petit
larceny. She was sentenced to four
months in the county jail. The state
did not have a good case against the
negress, but she pleaded guilty to the
charge of stealing $50 from Peter Han
sen on NoYember 10 last.
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1910-03-27
AMATEUR MINISTRIES
WILL GIVE BENEFIT
Short Line Blaekface Troupe to Aid
Tom Brown in Mission
Work.

Before his departure April Il for Hol-
land, where he is going to take up mis-
Eionary work for the Mormon church,
Thomas w. Brown, an employe for the
past three years in the auditing depart
ment of the Oregon Short Line, viii be
rendered a benefit by his fellow clerks,
on the night of March 81, in the Third
ward amusement hall
The Short Line clerks have formed what
they cali the American minstrel troupe.
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1910-03-27
PLACE FOR WATCHMAN
Civil Service Examination viii be
Held Next Month,

A sub-clerical examination for the
purpose Of establishing an eligible list
from which to make a selection to fill
vacancy in the position of Waterman
VIII, according to an announcement
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1910-03-27
Peruna Their Family Medicine

Mrs. Anna c. Hyde, 712 z. Yamhill
street. Portland. Oregon. Vice President
Literary and Educational Organization OF
New Hampshire, writes:
- am pleased to endorse Peruna as
an all-Tound good family medicine, and
one that is safe to give children. l give
it to mine at the least suggestion of
cold, and take it myself TO build up my
strength and nerves.
My sister, who is living with me,
uses Peruna, too, and she is loud IN It's
praises"
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1910-03-27
HOTEL FURNITURE HERE
cheste- oImstead New Manager Elk
pected TO Arrive Soon.

Most of the furniture for the new
Semloh hotel, at Second South and State
streets, has arrived and is now being
installed. 1t is expected that everything
will be in shape by April 90 when 1t IS
planned to open the new hOstelry to the
public. Chester Olmstead. who has been
selected to fill the position of manager,
Is expected from Los Angeles in the course
of a few days. Mr.. Olmstead is former
resident of Salt Lake having for five
Years beeen chief clerk at the Knutsford.
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1910-03-27
RoYs sTEAL BICYCLES.

wesley Hatfield and Waller Smith, 10
and Il years of age. respectively were
arrested by Motorcycle Policeman " ".
Griffin, last night, for stealing bicycles
They confessed that they had taken five
bicycles during the past month.
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1910-03-27
Arr With eEER CLASS.

John I.aMott was arrested on g war
rant by the sheriffs office yesterday,
charged with ASSEMBLING Tony Yulick with
q beer glass, while the latter was drink
Ing in his saloon. Appearing before T.
Nj. Bishop, justice of the peace, he was
released On his own recognizsnce.
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1910-03-27

Taken Every Spring Zone
spring 1 was feeling bad. and could
not do my homework for family
of three. 1 took Hoods Sarsapa-
rilla and 1t did me so much good,
I have taken it every spring since"
Mrs. ]. Johnson, Manchester, N. II,
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1910-03-27
{ MRs.ANTHoNY RAUcH.l
Constipation, Torpid Liver.

Mrs. Anthony Rauch, BOG N. Walnut
street Bucyrus. o., writes:
Il was suffering from obstinate con-
stipation and torpid liver, when 1 took
your advice and purchased six bottles OF
Peruna and Manalin. When 1 had taken
only one bottle I felt much better, and
since have taken two more bottles
feel entirely we'll but l will continue
taking the medicine for a short time to
make sure of my cure.
Il think Manalin is one OF the finest
remedies for constipation that ! ever
tried ] will never be without it. II has
made me so strong. 1 can do a day S
work and never tire. l am so glad 1 dc
not get those dizzy spells any more.
haven't had one since l took your medi-
cine.
4 cannot thank you enough for what
your medicine has done for me. All
sick people should give 1t fair trial.
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1910-03-27
Dancing and Card Prty.

The Fraternal Brotherhood tboth
lodges, 1877 r. 1st South, opposite fire
department, will give a dance and card
party Thursday, March 81. Gentlemen,
25c; ladies, 15c.
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1910-03-27
FLAX GROWERS TO MEET
Election of Directors and other Bust
ness on the Program.

The annual meeting Of the board Of
directors of the Utah Flax Growing &
Milling company will be held on Tues
day next at the company's office in
the Commercial building. The election
of new directors and other important
matters viii come before the board
After Tuesday next temporary offices
of the company will be at 242 North
Ninth West street, which is the home
OF J. II. Riley, vice president and gen.
eral manager of the company
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1910-03-27

Peculiar TO Itself in its wonder
full efficacy as a spring medicine,
Hoods Sarsaparilla has made it
self thousands of constant friends
who avail themselves of it's blood
purifying. strengthening proper
ties every year.