davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1910-04-03

traffic in and out CT New York city
within the past twenty years prompted
the Pennsylvania railroad to undertake
and carry to its successful elimination
this great work. The reasons for the
undertaking are thus expressed official
ly:
First.-To provide for the future by
charging the present facilities for
freight and passenger traffic because
Of the continuous growth in this traf-
fic and TO accomplish it before the cost
became almost prohibitiye or the task
impossible because of the construction
of other underground transportation
lines.
Second.-To run it's passenger trains
into a central location in the city Of
New York instead OF a station on the
west bank Of the Hudson river.
Third.-To open TO the people in the
thickly populated borough of Manhat-
tan the residential sections Of Long
Island and to offer to Newark and 9TH
er populous towns In New Jersey di-
rect and quick access to the resorts on
Long Island beaches.
Fourth.-To provide an all rail con-
nection between the south and west on
the one hand and New England and
the east on the other,
Fifth.-To give the boroughs Of
Brooklyn and Queens, with their popu-
lation OF over 100000. direct railroad
connections to and from the New Eng
land, southern and western states and
to supply freight facilities with similar
connections in these boroughs, thereby
properly serving the entire area of
Greater New York through freight sta
tons suitably located to develop its
commercial interests.
Sixth.-To provide additional freight
facilities and shorten the water trans
portation trip for the New England
traffic across New York harbor from
about twelve miles TO three and four
tenths miles.
Seventh.-To make It's Long Island
railroad investment remunerative with
In comparatively short period.
Eighth.-To obtain a proper share of
the golden future by judicious expendi-
lures IN a territory having abundant
promise, whether viewed from the
growth OF traffic in the past or the out
look for the future.
How the Tunnels Wsrs Built.
The construction OF the Pennsyiva-
MIA railroad tunnels under the North
and last rivers into New York and
The Washington herald., 1910-04-03

the main uolonnade, with sculptured
groups above them supporting large
ornamental clocks.
One Of the impressive features OF the
great waiting room is the window
treatment. On each side above the
main body of the building are three
semicircular windows Of radius of 80
feet 4 inches and &c feet inches wide
at the base. There is also at each end
Of the waiting room a window OF like
size The high ceiling OF the waiting
room is carried above the general roof
level OF tie station by a domelike ele-
walton which relieves the building of
any suggestion Of squattiness. The in
terror Of the waiting room was sug-
gested by the great halls and basilicas
of Rome, such as the baths of Caracal-
Ia, Titus and Diocletian and the basilica
Of Constantine.
The length Of the tracks inside the
station area Of twenty-eight acres is
sixteen miles. There are twenty-one
standing tracks In the station, with
eleven passenger platforms.
To clear the ground for excavating
about 500 buildings were removed from
the terminal area, for the site is in the
midst of fully built up city district.
Three billion cubic yards of excayating
were necessary. Streets crossing the
terminal area are carried over by
bridging. In fact, the whole area, ex-
elusive Of the station itself, is simply
a bridged over excavation, so that the
casual observer is unaware Of the won
derful weave Of trackage underneath.
For the first time when the Penn
syivania trains use the tunnels and the
New York connecting railroad bridge
there will be a through service from
points west and south to New England
by way Of New York without change
Of train
The Pennsylvania railroad in con-
structing this great improvement has
built not alone for the present, but for
the future. Included within a radius
Of nineteen miles from the city hall of
New York, near the lower end of Man
haitian Island, there was in 1890 a pop
ulation Of s,S26,ssS. BY 1900 it had
grown to 4.s12,l5s. Five years later It
was 5.4O4. 6sS. In ten years it had in
creased So per cent It is estimated
that by 1913 the population of this ter
ritory will be about 100000 people and
by 1920 approximately 100000.
Reasons For Improvement.
The enormous increase OF railroad
The Washington herald., 1910-04-03

New Jersey, attaining q maximum
depth of ninety-seven feet below mean
high water and built for a heavy and
high speed traffic of great volume. was
an undertaking with little or no prece-
dent. To accomplish this work was a
most puzzling engineering problem on
account of the soft mud through which
the tunnels were driven under the
Hudson river.
The tunnels or tubes themselves con-
sist Of a series of iron rings, and the
installation of every ring meant an ad-
vance OF two and half feet. Eleven
plates and key piece at the top COM
plete the circumference, and an entire
ring weighs about fifteen tons. The
cast iron plates, or sections OF the
ring. have fianges at right angles to
the surface, and it is through these
that the successive rings are held to-
gether with bolts. The record progress
in one day of eight hours was FIVE Of
these rings, or twelve and one-half
feet. Hydraulic rams. placed against
the ianges every few inches around
the tube, were used to push forward
the huge shields with which the tun-
nels were bored. Each shield weighed
1874 tons. 1t had nine doors in ii, and
through these came the rock or sand
or silt or whatever the material the
tube penetrated.
If the tunnel project was TO be a sue
cess the courses Of the east and west
bound shields had to be kept so true
that they would meet exactly. To ia
sure this the engineers calculated the
difficulties closely, and a really remark
able system of reports was in effect
from the first day work was started.
Every morning they knew the progress
made in the tunnels the day before TO
the very inch and the amount Of rock
and soil excavated TO the cubic foot
The Pennsylvania railroad officers and
the engineers hold this perfect system
and the thoroughness Of each days
work chiefly. responsible for the
promptness Of the meeting Of tae
tubes. Engineers say. too, that no
project was ever carried out where
the emphasis was so entirely upon the
results rather than upon the money It
cost to attain them.
The shields In the north tube under
the Hudson river met on Sept IL, 1906.
Each mad travelled some 5000 feet
through a treacherous river bed, yet
the meeting was perfect. About .
month later the shields In the south
The Washington herald., 1910-04-03

tube met in the same way. To Ill In
the gap where the shields met in the
south tube tunnel section that had
been on exhibition at the St Louis
worlds fair was used. 1t consisted OF
eight rings. The shields in the four
East river tunnels met as perfectly as
those in the Hudson tubes. and all
were completed at about the same time.
When the tubes were through from
end TO end the work Of putting in the
REINFORCED concrete lining was started
Immediately. This lining is twenty
two inches thick. On each side OF the
tunnel there is a so called bench three
feet wide, which serves as a walk.
while within will be carried conduits
for telegraph, telephone, signal and
power wires.
In the construction OF the tunnels
nothing was left undone by the rail-
road company to protect the lives and
health OF the worlmen. No engineer
ing problem connected with the entire
New York tunnel extension received
more attention than the many precau-
tons to protect the hundreds Of men
who. day and night. week days and
Sundays and holidays. bored the under
river tunnels. Down under many
fathoms Of mud and rock the steel
tubes which are TO land passengers
from the east and west into the heart
OF New York city were pushed steadily
forward with no more waste of time
than IT took 10 change shifts"
Underwater work has a fearsome
sound-to those who have never seen
it going on Talk to men who have
been engaged in it for years, and one
gets, another idea. There are plenty
who can speak with authority, for the
world was searched for men OF expe-
rience to bupd the Pennsylvania tun-
nels. On the cross town shafts sixty
Austrians who got their training in
the Simplon tunnel were employed.
There were engineers and forsmen
here who had tunneled in Egypt.
The Washington herald., 1910-04-03
WAirLINg,R e01M,I

South Africa, England and America
and who now are doubtless looking for
other subterransan regions TO conquer.
Ali the excitement was taken out OF
one noYice's visit back Of tunnel
shield by finding Tom Brown, the old
est foreman on the contractors stan.
seated on a pile OF river bed silt grave
" squeezing mud balls for the pur-
pose OF finding how much water the
sand carried at that spot. That moth
ing but the air pressure kept the whole
Of the river from descending on his
head worried him not the least.
But the dangers OF the work? Dan
gers there were, or a certain risk OF
injury, but not enough TO worry a man
In good health who observed the rules
that stared him In the face from every
wall.
To make IT as safe under the bed OF
the river as II is on the lands surface
was the aim Of the Pennsylvania tun-
mel buffers. The old Hudson river
tunnel which crosses the Hudson at
Merton street was abandoned at one
time because so many lives were lost
The main difnculty was to keep the
river from coming into the tube and
drowning the workmen. The air under
the heavy pressure required 70 keep
the water from sweeping IN sometimes
blew out through the river bottom.
and then the water poured In in euch
volume that there was little or no time
for escape.
In the Pennsylvania railroad tunnels
the life Of the sand hog was almost
as safe as that OF the surface worker.
Emergency locks, air curtains and
emergency platforms or walks near the
rcof OF the tunnel were provided so
that in case Of a blowout and eonse-
quent flooding OF the tunnel the men
would have a chance 10 escape through
the air held in the top Of the tunnel.
The most important of the rules en-
forced while the Pennsylvania tunnels
were being built was one requiring the
men TO go slowly through the air locks.
The rule was TO take a minute for
about two pounds Of pressure-in 9TH
er words, In coming out Of = pressure
of thirty-four pounds a man should
SESAlQ lAOA ASe0 AAtcA-A AAAAN-AA AlAAAAAIo III
the lock. Finding that this rule was
ignored, Henry Japp, managing en-
gineer of the contractors who built the
East river tubes. devised a valve
which enabled the lock tender to regu-
late the change of pressure with me-
chanical exactness.
Before a man was permitted to work
in the underriver tunnels he was put
through a severe examination for heart
and lung troubles and general condi-
ton. II he passed the medical inspec-
ton he was sent down IN the air" for
an hour or two and then re-examined.
If the second examination was salts
factorily passed he was put on 8
short shift for a week and then If he
showed no Ill effects was given a
steady Job.
Men Of all nationalities built the
Pennsylvania tunnels, negroes doing a
large part Of the job Laziness was
something the contractors never had TO
contend with. They say there must be
something about the compressed air
which generates energy and enthusi-
asm, for the ''muckers
known as sand hogs"-vied with one
another to make the greatest progress.
The Washington herald., 1910-04-03
SOME FIGURES SHOWING MILE
AGE AND CAPACITY OF
IMPROVEMENTS:

Maximum capacity OF all tunnels per hour,
IA trains.
Storage capacity Of station yard tracks. $50
cars.
Proposed initial daily service of Pennsylva-
mia Railroad trains, 400
Proposed initial daily service Of Long Island
Railroad trains, 600.
Length Of river tube tunnels. single track
miles, 6.8.
Length of land tunnels. single track miles.
6.8.
Length Of run, Bergen Portal to Long Island
Portal. 5.3 miles.
Total length Of track in tunnels, exclusive
Of yard tracks in station. 16.S miles.
Length of run, Harrison, n. j., to ter
nninal station. SO miles.
Length Of run. Jamaica, L. l., to terminal
station. ll.85 miles.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1910-02-17

Peter Moller and P. G. Andersen
returned Wednesday from visit in
Omaha.
Mrs. Jacob Esbeck of Elk Horn
visited friends in Kimballton Friday
and Saturday.
Kew. and Mrs II. Jorgensen Of
Oak Hill visited his parents in Kim
ballton Monday.
Misses Henrietta Lund and Karen
Anderson of Elk Horn called on
friends here Sunday.
An invitation dance was held by
Martin Esbecks in their automobile
garage Saturday evening.
The Ladies Aid Society of Kim
ballton held their meeting Thursday
with Mrs. Chris Sorenson.
Alma and Lydia Madsen enter
trined crowd of their young friend
at their home Sunday afternoon.
A meeting was held Monday after
noon in the church basement. Rev.
Jorgensen lectured on sContirmatio, :
Mrs. Peder Bertlesen celebrated
her fortieth birthday Friday Several
Of her friends called on her in the
evening.
The Danish Brotherhood in Kim.
ballton held meeting Wednesday
night where they decided to build
now Hall.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1910-02-17
Justice Demanded.
The suffragette stood M

The suffragette stood UP ssn-
tence.
The evidence shows" ssid the
court. solemnly, that you hit .alice
constable with stone. thrashed a
cabinet minister and started riot"
Your honor" interrupted the pris-
oner, II demand to be treated as a
lady. The evidence should show also
that egged an opposition speaker,
knocked a platter. of food from ward
ems hand, bit his thumb and kicked
him in the stomach"
Accordingly, the clerk was instruct
ed 70 amend the records. 50
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1910-02-17
That Lame Back Means
Kidney Disease
And to Relieve the Lame and Aching Back,
You Must First Relieve the Kidneys

There is no question about that
At all-for the lame and aching
back Is caused by diseased con-
dition Of the kidneys and bladder.
It IL only common sense, any way
that you must cure a condition
by removing the cause of the con-
dition. And lame and aching back
are not by any means the only
symptoms of arrangement of the
kidneys and bladder. There are
multitude of well-known and I'M
mistakable indications of more or
less dangerous condition. Some of
these are, for instance: Extreme
and unnatural lassitude and weari-
ness, nervous irritability, heart ir-
regularity, nerves on edge," Sleep
lessness and inability to secure
rest, scalding sensation and sedi-
ment in the urine, Inflammation Of
the bladder and passages, etc.
DeWitt's Kidney and Bladder
Pills are an exceptionally meritori-
GUS remedy for any and all affec-
tons or diseased conditions Of
these organs. These Pills operate
directly and promptly-and their
beneficial results are at once felt.
They regulate, purify, and effec-
tually heal and restore the kid
neys, bladder and liver, to perfect
and healthy condition-even in
some OF the most advanced cases.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1910-02-17


In sickness, If a certain hidden nerve
goes wrong, then the organ that this
nerve controls will also surely fail. 1t
may be stomach nerve or it may have
given strength and support to the heart
or kidneys 1t was DIR. Shoop that first
pointed to this vital truth. DIR. Shops
Restorative was not made to dose the
stomach nor to temporarily stimulate
the heart or kidneys. That old fashioned
method is all wrong. Dr. Shops Res
torative goes direct TO these failing
inside nerves. The remarkable success
of this prescription demonstrates the
wisdom Of treating the actual cause OF
these failing organs. And it is indeed
easy to prove. A simple five or ten DAYS
test will surely tell. Try it once and see
Sold by all dealers.
Every man who succeeds in a town
is help to it. The more money he
makes if he spends it, the better fol
the community. The larger business
he builds up, the more he advertises
the more attention is called to the
town. A man cannot build up al
honorable business in a town without
helping it. A town cannot be bull
up without helping the country. Thu
interest of one is the interest, of all
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1910-02-17
Hay For Sale

1 have bought four carload of hav
If you need hay will take orders
now.
flo T. G. Muller.
The Holly chieftain., 1910-06-24
cANDERsoNE's IDEA
Copyrish, 1910. c. II. Rieth.

Copyriah, 1910. c II. Rieth.
When the BsIlinser trial is ended
And the jury has said what it thinks;
When the case has been made and defended
With the wonted political winks-
We shall smile-snd sadS, we shall need
That feel il as well had been dropped,
AMI he Guesenheim crowd!S will proceed
Resu~e where it was when it stopped.
The signs s4.ali come down in the timber
And the patents shall tie up the coal
The law will get fabb.v and timber,
And the trusts will do well on the whole.
II s1ways turns out in that manner
Although we may blush to eSi'fess H.
And we do not regard it banner
Achievement, exactly, to guess it.
The Holly chieftain., 1910-06-24
FOR BALD HEADS
A Treatment that Costs Nothing
fit Fails.

We want You to try three large
bottles of Reial 90" Hair Tonic
on our personal guarantee that the
trial will not cost you penny if
it does not give YOU absolute salts
faction. That's - oof of our faith
in this remedy, and it should in
disputably demonstrate that we
know what we are talking about
when we say that Rexall '.93" Hair
Tonic will grow hair on bald
heads except where badness has
been of such long duration that
the roots of the hair are entirely
dead, the follicIes closed and grown
over, and the Scalp is glazed
Remember. we are basing our
statements upon what has already
been accomplish by the use of
Rexall "93" Hair Tonic. and we
h we the right to assume that what
it has done for thousands of others
it will do for you. In any event you
cannot lose anything by giving it
trial on our liberal guarantee
Two sizes, 5tDc and 500. Remem.
Der, YOU can obtain Rexall Rene
dies in tn community only at
our store The Rexall Store. The
Holly Pharmacy, lkelman Bros.
proprs.
The Holly chieftain., 1910-06-24
OBITUARY

Anderson, Ray Clinton, age 81
years, at his late home, on June
20, 1910, Of tuberculosis.
Deceased was most exemplary
Young man and since coming to
Holly had made a host of friends.
He is survived oy a mother, Mrs.
Ida Anderson, sister, Minnie
Anderson, and two brothers, Roy
and Charles Anderson, who are in
consolidate over their loss,
The remains were buried in
Holly cemetery on Wednesday
last. May he rest in peace.
The Holly chieftain., 1910-06-24

Do you want Holly to prosper?
Then use Holly Souvenir Enve-
lopes. that yo"r town may be well
advertised throughout the land.
Mrs. j. y. Chenow..th of the W.
G. [ L. is getting mp n silver
medal 90 test.
The thrce.day- old infant OF Mr..
and Mrs. + II. Robbins breathed
its last on Saturday and was buried
in Holly cemetery.
The Holly chieftain., 1910-06-24

Chamberlain's Stomach and Liver Tab
lets will brace up the nerves, Danish sick
headache, prevent dependency and in
vigora:e the whole system. Sold by The
Holly Pharmacy. Ikelman Bros. propr's 5.
The Holly chieftain., 1910-06-24
Latchstring Hangs Outside.
Scared into Sound Health

MIR. o. F. Kelley. Springfield, H., writes: "A
year ago began to be troubled with my kid
neys and bladder, which grew worse until be-
alarmed at my condition. suffered also
with dull heavy headaches and the action of my
bladder annoying and painful. read o.
Foley Kidney Pills and after taking them n
few weeks the headaches left me. the action of
my bladder again normal and | free
oi all distress Sold by The Holly Pharmacy
Ikelman Bros. propr S.
The Holly chieftain., 1910-06-24
HOLLY SETS The PACE

Lamars Sob Squad Utter Propounds the Quey 1s
Any Wonder that Other Thrive At Expense p
The following from Tuesdays News shows glance that Holly
the for Lamar no in anyo thing, but in ALL
is in rceip of q ion n
o
Holly, Colorado a Holly
Canal of and
o
adv tina
htmakeh
notp a ass 0 the o IN do not
other
tOWn thriVe our
The bearing
The Holly Cheain and the said
men anS be the Holly
These Souvenir Envelopes
The Holly chieftain., 1910-06-24
CONTEST NOTICE
Department Of the Interior.
u. S. Land Ohc- at Lamar, Colo.

teb 2s, 1910
A sufficient ooats.t .dsvt having been filed this Office
by Charles D. Baker contestant, AGAINST Gsyen G. Pyle
entry No. S45i made Aug Is. 1907 for southeast
conte s,.e in which alleged that he has wholly ,b.H
aoned s.id th., he has chsased his re.denr- foT
mora than months last and that said absence
not due TO his employment the Army Navy OF the u
S. and that aid defaults continue the date said
parties hereby notified appear. respond and oHer
Iv II 1910 before the Register and Receiver at the
UNI ed STATES Land Ogce at Lamar. Colo.
The said contes having. in affidavit. hled
Feb 8 1910 set forth fsots which show that after due
sssence per .on.i OF this notice be made
is ordered and directed that such notice be given
by due and proper publication
{. Frost Leaett. Receiver.
The Holly chieftain., 1910-06-24
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.
Department of the Interior.
c rC I 1900 -

May %, 1910
Notice is hereby gwen that James r. German. guar
dian Of the minor heirs Of Netie N. Tuders, deceased
5505 Serial No. DISCO for the Lots and and south
half northwest quarter Of section 4. township n south
43 Of the sixth principal meridian. has filed
notice OF intention make final Gvs-yesr proof. to
absh CLAIM the land above described. before l.. N
Zaluaer. United State, Comm sioner at Holly Colo on
the 23rd day OF July. 1910.
Ciairant names as witnesses; VIM. W Reynolds.
Elsha House. Geo. W. German and Tobba German. all
Of Holly Cello
John A. Williams. Register.
The Holly chieftain., 1910-06-24
CONTEST NOTICE
Department Of the Interior

United States Land OHce.
Lamar. Colo. Feb. %. 1910
4 ,ufeen contest .fidr~it having been filed in his Of
Zee BY E.sert Y. Fowlsr. eo"sstant ssainst John W.
WheeIef Eo,r No 7128 made JAN 49, 1907 for southeast
ou.rter Section is Tswp.hip a. Range A. by John W.
Wheeler. ~hies ~, alleged that he has to-
lily .Bpdoned above dessrbrd lends thai s h's CHANGED
H., IA I.fsul,s continue The pre.eq, date. Said
p.T.s r. ter Hais.Ss .Dp..r IN Fe.pGad and offer
Io Is islo Lsare ,se Resi.ss spd Receiver al the
United State. Land ORs1 in Lsmsr, Cels.
The said havss in prspeT shdaSi' hed fsS'
a. 1910 set forth facts which show hs strf due dill
nc. Of this notice cannot be made 1t
reby order ed and directed that such n"t'Gs hr given
~ Gre and proper pubGcston
=. c. Frost Lisseu. Receiver.
The Holly chieftain., 1910-06-24
NOTICE

As the business men OF Holly
,lax;re TO accommodate their pat
rons at all times, the public is re-
ouesta | to do its purchasing
not late, than Saturday. July 2. as
an ;mmar sc crowd is expected on
Monday. in. " 4th.
L. 'ht Wood.
nh, o,, - tree growing OH the
ooas, ~ ,.,,n y. tad. in Africa. has
a,.,n ,.ss snac,fic ., avity than cork.
The Holly chieftain., 1910-06-24
Farmers, use Chieftain Stationery
for your correspondence. II costs
he same price, but it's a winner.

Foley Kidney Pills are antiscptc. tonic and
restorative and prompt corrective Of all urin-
airy Irregularities, Refuse substitutes
Holly Pharmacy, Ikenan Bros, proprietors
The Monte Vista journal. (Monte Vista, Rio Grande County, Colo.) 1888-1921, 1910-10-15
ANNOUNCEMENT

As is our custom, we will offer
our usual Christmas Prizes again
this year. They will be much
finer however. and there will DO
three instead Of two. A $25 set
Of hand-painted china for the
ladies prize, n S25 engine outfit for
the boys and u t25 doll for the
girls.
Beginning Nov. LIST we will give
chance Oh one of the three prizes
with each 25 cents cash purchase
or cash on account.
The drawing will take place at
900 o'clock the evening Of Dec.
oath and will bc conducted in any
manner decided upon BY those
holding numbers.
Don't forget to ask for your
chance and to see the prizes at
Fuller Drug Co.