The Evening standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1910-1913, 1910-10-08
CONCRETE AND TIE FARMER

stone. However. the usual method is 10 mis-
the rock sand and cement together dry
shovel IL over three times when mixing by
hand and then add water and mix thor
oughIy until the mixture Will pack well and
can be handled 10 good advantage with a
shovel This complete mixing is absolutelye
necessary to make the strongest concrete.
and IL Is usually necessary 10 give personal
supervision to that the work Is done as
directed In adding water II Is best for the
average worker TO wet the mixture until IL Is
mushy.
Cement viii set in twenty to thirty min
utcs and the construction should not be dis
turbed after that time has passed. II con-
crete work 10 allowed to dry out rapidly
cracks will appear. 1t should be protected
from the sun for three TO five days and
sprinEled with water as to insure even
settling throughout the concrete.
The lumber in the forms used should be
molstened If very dry to prevent its taking
moisture from the concrete and changing its
shane 80 as 10 in1ure the concrete in setting.
Concrete frozen in the setting VIII not stand
and should be taken out
ono OF the commoncst and most suitable
uses OF concrete Is for walks y very salts
factory concrete walk Is built as follows:
II the subsoN is very porous allowing the
water to drain away rapidly, very little eN-
cavating Is necessary. provided the earth
matter 10 decay and allow the walk to settle.
But wherever the ground hcaves the re-
suit of freezing 1t is necessary 10 excavate
to about sixteen inches In depth. This
cavatIon Is nearly hllcd with cinders or
gravel and tamped down TO make firm
foundation the surface OF which is four and
one-half inches below the desired surface OF
the walk
Use 2 by 4 inch scantling as forms for
shaping the sides of the walk and support
them every four feet with stakes set upon
the outside, taking care to bring the tops OF
these forms to the exact line desired for the
surface OF the walk.
Prepare the ordinary mixture q-2k-5)
and I'LL the space between tho forms TO
down and leveed. 1t is we'll TO make this
concrete one half inch higher In the center.
by striking 1t off with the upper edge OF the
strilSe-olt board.
a surface dressing. one-haIf TO three
quarters of an inch In thickness (the TO
mixture). is then applied. This must be done
within thirty minutes after the lower con-
crete layer is put in place to secure the
proper cementing of the two An exactly
uniform crown Is secured by striking off the
surface with the lower edge of the strike oft
board This leaves the center one-half to
three quarters of an inch higher than tho
edges. so that water never will stand upon
this walk
Cut across the concrete every four feet
of its length. clear through both layers to
the clnders This Is to allow for the expan-
sion apd contraction of the material under
the influence of hot and cold weather. so the
walk will not crack OF be thrown out of posi-
ton. The work may be done with a trowel
Immediately after both layers have been put
In place. Cutting part way through the con-
crete is not sufficient to prevent cracking.
Shade the walk. from the sun for two or
three days while It is drying and keep the
surface moist by covering Il with wet sacks