davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
BIRMINGHAM BOYS
 STAR AT ST. BERNARD

Blake's disciples will confront the up holders of the High school laurels in a practice game at West End park this aft ernoon. The two teams met on the Owen ton gridron d few days since and much of practical value for the two was ac- complished. Blake is perfecting the smooth running of his machine in antici- patton of Mondays battle with the South ern university.
 In the interesting bouts with Messer's lineup Coach Blake is sitting a great variety of experimental plays in the hope of determining the most practicable. On Saturday Messer will wage war with the Tuscaloosa high school and he is equal y anxious to have his team in fine trim for the occasion.
 The Birmingham college squad has so far proved invulnerable to the line. plunges of the Messerites, while the High school men have, as usual, displayed a keen insight into the intricacies of the game.
 Both teams will avoid heavy practice as the day of games approach. The skirmish of this afternoon will probably consist of mastering of tentative plays.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
IFOGEL'S IS BLOCK OF DEAL
 CAUSES BASEBALL RUMPUS

"The matter Is now entirely up to President Fogel,'' he added.
 Dooin stated that President Fogel knew of the negotiations as long as three months ago, and that he has four wit nesses to prove it.
 President Fogel this afternoon gave to the Associated Press a statement in which he says: q was not aware that Managers Dooin and Griffith were work ing on a deal, much less that they had arranged one, until the newspapers pub lished it yesterday. When I heard about this proposed deal through Business Man ager Shettsline, who told me over the telephone, I instructed him to tell Man. ager Dooin not to go any further with it until I had a chance to talk with him, and also to telegraph MT. Hermann that as I had not been consulted, I would not, for the present at least sanction the deal. and that he should not give any an- nouncement of it in Cincinnati, as I un- derstood he was to do at o'clock last night
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
COVALESKI RELEASE
 IS PROMULGATED

New York. October 26.-President Lynch of the National league tonight an- nounced the following contracts and re- leases:
 Contracts with Chicago. William B.. Kerwan and c. R. Clark. 1911.
 With Cincinnati. Clark c. Griffith, Bob Bescher and Thomas A. Clarke, 1911.
 With New York, Willis B. Shontz, 1911, Charles Tesreau.
 With st. Louis, Roy Golden, 1911 Arn- old J. Hausr
 Releases: By Brooklyn to Atlanta, Southern league. Charles I. Miller.
 By Cincinnati to Chattanooga, South ern league Harry Covaleski
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
WOMAN CHAMPION
 ACCEPTS CHALLENGE

New York. October 26-Bertha May King, who claims the woman's cham at pocket billiards, today an nounoed acceptance of the challenge of Miss Clearwater of Pittsburg for match of 400 points, 100 to be played each night, for a trophy and side bet. the games to be played fin New York city. Miss King suggests November 14. 15, 16 and 17 as the dates for the match.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
DEMONT MAY HEAD
 HATTIESBURG TEAM

Memphis. October 26.-(Special. )-Ac- cording to local reports Eugene Demon treville. who has played Southern league engagements at Atlanta. Birmingham and New Orleans. is engaged to manage Hat tiesburg next season. It Is said the Hat tiesburg team will be used as resting spot for New Orleans players to be schooled in the Cotton States league.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
HARD BLOW TO RAGING

Lexington, October 26.-Clarence H. Mackay today started moving his Kings ton stud from this city to France, where he will establish a great breeding plant near Paris. Forty-nine thoroughbreds. racers and brood mares, valued at $200,- 900, left this afternoon for New York. They will be shipped Saturday. The
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27

Imove is the severest blow to Kentucky
 breeding interests since the recent New
 York Legislation. MT, Mackay hereafter will have no American racing string, 1t is announced. lion Meddler. for which MT. Mackay paid s1O0,oOO.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
PENNEY OFFERED BERTH
 AS MONTGOMERY LEADER

sions for the coming season. guar antee fund of s5000 in cash is being raised to meet any deficit in the treasury of the club owners next season.
 Charley Babb, Johnny Dobbs and Gene Demont are here negotiating for the po- sition of manager, but the club owners are looking for a bigger man, and have wired a proposition to Fred Penney, fam- ous National leaguer
 President Joseph has resigned, and his successor will be elected at meeting of the club directors tomorrow
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
 Trouble In Persia

Berlin, october 26.-A dispatch to the Gazette from Constantinople states. that inview of the development in Persia, the government has under discussion the plan to send into Persia Turkish troops equal in numbers to those sent in the country by Russia and Great Britain in order to protect Turkish subjects. It is also af- firmed that Turkish interests are disin- clined to tolerate division of Persia be- tween Russia and Great Britain.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
Not In Sympathy with Strike

Sedalia, Mo, October 26.--"There IS no possibility of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen ordering a sympathetic strike on the Missouri Pacific.'' said George l.. Yeager. secretary of the local of that organization tonight. The constitution prohibits such action" He said: should switchmen refuse to handle cars carry ing strikebreakers and be discharged for their stand no effort will be made to obtain reinstatement for them"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
"Nonsense.r. Says Griffin

Chicago, October 26.-Clark Griffith, manager of the Cincinnati National League club, who was in this city to- day, declared that the Philadelphia-Cin- cinnati deal in players is as good as settled
 ''The deal has been made and this talk about President Fogel is nonsense said Griffith. "He can't back out. MT Dooin and I made the trade, it's in writing and it suits both of us.'
 But aren't you getting about 100 per cent the better of the deal?" a listener suggested
 Not at all l am getting some good men, but so is Dooin. Patrons of the game want to see changes in the teams of both cities. New men is their cry. It will help both teams"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
Cie.red or Murder Charge

Camilla, Ga., October 26.-Arthur Puller
 charged with killing Tom Lane. aged 50 was today discharged at a comnsftmen' trial. It was submitted in evidence that Lane had visited the Pullen home in Put. lens absence and had insulted Mrs. Pull len. After being informed by Mrs. Fuller her husband met Lane, who advanced upon Pullen with an open knife. Fuller shot Lane first with a shotgun and then with a pistol, killing him almost instantly
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
City Loan Turned Down

Chattanooga, October 26.-(Special)-- The local clearing house this afternoon refused to loan the city of Chattanooga to borrow for street improvements. The banks gave as their reason the fact that the city was indebted to them already in the sum of $9O.0oo. The mayor had vetoed the appropriation because the council re- fused to permit the city engineer to make an estimate on cost of the work
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
Convict Earr. Pardon

Columbus. O., October dissatisfaction given Governor Harmon by Henry Wied. enbach, an artist, in restoring statehouse oil paintings to their original colorings resulted in his being pardoned today from the Ohio penitentiary. where he arrived in 1909 to serve four years on a charge of grand larceny. Wiedsnbacf has worked about art galleries for many years and possesses unusual skill in restoring pic. t,troe
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
Noted Athlete Sues

Chicago, October 26.-Frederick R. King, Oxford university graduate. foot ball player, golfist and all-round athlete, today asked a jury in the municipal court here to grant him $20.00O because he can no longer play golf without pain. King was injured in falling from street car and demands damages from the Chi cago City Railroad company. The hear ing wil/be resumed tomorrow.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
HOWARD IS DETERMINED
 TO DEFEAT TENNESSEANS

turning to their proper place on the grid-
 iron, their friends here. will give them a great send-off.
 Work on the gridiron at East Lake is going forward with determination to retrieve some of the disasters so far en- eountered by the local boys. They are determined to show the Birmingham pub- lie that they can. play football The greenness is rapidly wearing off and by Saturday the Baptists should put up . good game against the visitors. Tennes- see has more veterans, but lacks, so far, in the proper snap. Howard has, not lacked aggressiyeness. but has lacked ex- perience. The games with Auburn and Clemson have taught the Howard bunch much ands they will go into the game Saturday with confidence in their ability to take a scalp Rass There will be special cars running to the fair groiinds 10 take care of those who attend the game. The game will be called promptly at 3:3o o'clock Pro- vision will be made for taking care of automobile parties and the fine weather
 makes it certain that tho game will be a big success.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27

whether you are moving fast or not. I can get in my car and ride for six hours as fast as the car can carry me, and there's no stopping to it, unless I want it. That's where the real thrill comes from the nerve rack and uncertainty of it all. That's what takes the skill, too.
 ''Yes I made more money in four months flying than did in my most suc- cessful year of automobile racing, but can never give up driving for flying. It's the sport that I like.' s.E
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
WAGNER RACES AGAIN

Savannah, Ga, October 26.-Louis Wagner winner of the grand prize race in 1908, quit the flying business in Flu rope for the sole purpose of returning to his automobile to race again in the sec ond grand prize of America There S nothing to the flying game is the way Wagner puts it. There is no fascination at all in an aeroplane for me. You have to fly so high to get any real enjoyment and at such an altitude 1t Is hard to tell
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
SUPERSTITION DEFEATS
 HIGH PRIVATE EASILY
Mcbride (Birningham) { }

Baltimore, Md, October 26-Supersti- tion, heavily backed. took the measure of High Private at Pimlico today. The race was the Pimlico selling stakes, one of the features of the meeting. The time, 3:02 4-5, could have been bettered If 1t had been necessary, as Shilling was hold ing wrap on the old canpaigner at the end. The track Is fast again and good wca ther is bringing out large crowds. Summarizes:
 First race, maiden 2-year- -olds. six fur longs-Troy Weight, 1o7 Brooks). 20 to l. to 1. 3 to B. won; El Bart l0s (Davis). 20 to 1, 6 to l, 5 to ?, second; Bourbon Beau. no Oang), 6 to l, 8 to 5. to 10. third. Time, 1:14s4.
 Second race, 3-year-olds and upward, six furlongs-Besom, 112 (dcCabe), to 1, 8 to 5, to 5, won: Restgouche, 112 (Shil- ling), to B. ? to 5, out. second; Guy Fisher, 115 Nang), 12 to l, to l, 6 to 5, third. Time, 1:12 4-5.
 Third race, the Pimlico selling stakes. 5-year- odds and up, mile and three-quar- ters-Superstittion, 104 (Shilling), ' to 10, even, out, won; Centrilla. ss Davis). to 1, to 1, even, second; High Private, IA (Ciilber), II to 5, to 10, out, third. Time. 3:02 4-5
 Fourth race, Linstead steeplechase. g. year-olds and up, two miles-Sam Bell. 15o Q.ynch), even, 2 to 5. out. won; Judge Cronin, 142 QIeider), to 5, l to 2, out. second Prince, 155 (McKinley), 6 to 1. even, out, third. Time, 4:05 1-5. Fifth race, Juvenile handicap. 2-year- olds, seven furlongs-Martin w. Little ton, 10S Davis), 5 to 1. 2 to Ia to 5, won; Leah, 10S (Garner), 10 to l, ? to l. 6 to 5, second; Adams Express, 1oS (schilling), ' to 10, to 1, to 1. third. Time, 1:1S 4-5
 Sixth race, a-year-olds and up, selling. mile and hree-sixteenths-Quest Mark, 1os (shilling). 8 to 1, to 5. 3 to 5. won; Gay Deceiver, 1o1 (Gross), 3 to 1, 6 to 5, 3 to 5, second; Dull Care. 1o6 Gar ner). 8 to 1, 8 to 1, even, third. Time, 1:59 S-5. Track record.
 | Seventh race, maiden 2-year-olds, six furlongs-Idle Michael, 1N (Garner), to h, to 5. 3 to 5, won: Palon, 100 (Shil- | ling), to 5. 3 to 5, out, second; Annie Sellers. 1e7 (Davies). 15 to l. 5 to 1, 2 to 1. third. Time, "A 4-5.
 Pimlico Entries Pimlico October 26.-Entries for Thurs day: First race, 4-year-olds and up, selling. 6 furlongs-John Munroe, Endymion, Dr. Barclay, no: Loyal Maid, Dr. Burch. Drachme, Duke of Bridgewater, Miss Perigord, The Gardener. Lasalle. Cooney K, TOT; sAunt Kate, 102 ta.
 Second race. gentlemeR's driving park purse, s-year-olds and up. mile and 4t yards-Clin Edge. Charlie Hargrave. 12o; Cohort 112: Arondack. 112 Uncas Chief. 1 113: Ia Nu Da. Amelia Jenks. IF. Third race. 2-year-olds. selling, fur longs-'Jack Bourdette, 97; Fair Miss. Aldivia, Sylvan Dell, Pleasant. Muck melon, whin, Golden, 107; Cloud, Naugh- lty Lad, Firewood, no; Ford, Bank, sHigh Flown, Hand Running. l02.
 ] Fourth race. owners handicap, steeple- chase. l-year- -oids and up, miies--aam
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
MANAGER DooIN THREATENS TO
 QUIT THE PHILADELPHIA CLUB. CARRY HERMANN SHOWS FIGHT AND GRIFFITH SAYS "NONsENsE-

Cincinnati, October 26.-'I shall fight to the last ditch to carry out the deal be- tween the Cincinnati and Philadelphia National League Baseball clubs. The very principles of organized baseball are at stake in this affair, and if President Fogel of the Philadelphia club can call of a trade after it has been signed up and witnessed, then the foundation upon N hich organized baseball stands is taken away"
 This was the statement made today by President Augustus Hermann of the Cincinnati club, when shown a message from Manager Dooin of Philadelphia, which read "Fogel blocked deal and called it off''
 This message revealed the fact that Horace Fogel, president of the Philadel- phia club is seeking to stop trade by which Cincinnati gets Outtielder Bates, Third Baseman Grant and Pitch CTS. McQuiIlen and Moren fin exchange for Outfielder Paskert. Third Baseman Lobert and Pitchers Beebe and Rowan. President Hermann and Manager Griffith of Cincinnati have for five days regard ed the deal as consummated
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
Goode Explains Position

Mobile, October 26.-tSpecial.)- )-Dr. Rhett Goode, city health officer and chief surgeon for the Mobile and Ohio Railroad company, tonight made clear his position in regard to the dual relationship. Dr. Goode had just returned froms Detroit, Mich, where he attended the meeting of the National Railway Surgeons associa- tion Dr. Goode stated in effect that if the law was held good by the supreme court that he would resign one position. Dr. Goode was not indicted by the grand jury which recently indicted several pub- lie officials. a
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
BUSINESS MEMS LEAGUE GETS BE- HIND BASEBALL IN CAPITAL CITY AND MONEY MATTERS ARE AR- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS RESIGNS

Montgomery, October 6.-Montgomery will continue in the Southern league
 President Joseph has paid the fine of $500 assessed by the league in the Juul case and the Business Mems league has guaranteed the league 6o,O00 paid admis-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
CONNIE MACK HAPPY INDEED

Philadelphia, October 26-A mar
 riage license has been issued here to Connie Mack, manager of the
 worlds champiQns. and Miss Kath- crime Hallohan of West Philadel- phia.
 The marriage probably will be celebrated In St. James Catholic church. When the rector was asked the date he said the mar riage would probably take place in two weeks. but only those directly interested would be told the date by the rector.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
TULANE sMoTHERED

Danville, Ky, October 2e.-Cen- tral university defeated the Tulane football team 35 to today, using substitutes in the second half. The visitors were outclassed in every department and were in poor con condition. Seelbach, Ramsay and Duffy starred. Central used only old-time plays. Tulane made first down only once.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
Postal Changes

Washington, October 26.-(Special)-
 Postmasters appointed: Escatawpa, Washington county, J. B. Morris, vice w. H. Morris, deceased; Hacoda, Geneva county, Robert H. A. Lowery, vice F.. Simmons, resigned.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
COLES SALARY DOUBLED

Chicago, october 26.-"King Cole
 yesterd4y signed three-years
 contract to pitch for the Cubs, and 1t was announced that his salary had been doubled.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
Japs Showed Under

Osaka, Japan, October 26.--The uni versity of Chicago baseball team again defeated the University of Waseda nine
 here today The score: Chicago 20. Wa
 seda O..
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27

Bell, IA; Merryman, 15S; Francis Joseph, 134; Essex, 14S; Selectus. 162; Kara, 152; Thistledale, Duffield, 156.
 Fifth race, 3-year-olds and up, selling, mile and quarter-'My Gal, 95; Mont gomery, 114; Question Mark. 10s; Wilton Lackaye, Dandy Dixon, Charivarri, Elo- TO, Ill; Hilltop. 11S; Tasteful 115.
 Sixth race, Maryland United Hunts. purse, 3-year-olds and up that have started two or more times in a steeple- chase. mile and half on f1at-The Speaker. 137; Oakhurst, 150; O. K, 155; Gun Cotton, 152; Annie, Diebold, 162; Shove, Bear of the Mountain, 132
 Seventh race, 4-year-olds and up, sell ing. furlongs-Golden Castle. Flormel, Takahira, Dande Noyles, Jennie Wells. Anna L. Daly, Tubal, Rampage, Mobil- ity, TOT; King Avondale, Lisari, Eloro, Joe Gaiteness. 11O.
 Apprentice allowance claimed.
 Weather clear: track fast.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27

News from Knoxville is to the effect that Coach Stone of the University of Tennessee will send in his star quarter back of last year, Raulston, against the Howard college aggregation Saturday when Tennessee meets Howard at the state fair grounds.
 Raulston was one of the few men on the Tennessee team last year who showed any energy and football ability. He is a hard. sure tackler and a good punter, and has been kept out of the game so far this season on account of injuries. His return to the Tennessee lineup will make it the strongest that Coach Stone has been able to put in the field this year and insures some hard work for Howard as result of the dexterity of his toe.
 University of Tennessee alumni in the city are looking forward with interest to the Tennessee-Howard game Satur- day. It will be the first and only ap- pearance of Tennessee in Birmingham this season, and as the Tennesseans give every evidence this year of having got over their fraternity troubles and of re-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27

ment. Emery led all fielding third base
 men. Mcbride led the outfielders in fielding. Lindsay set the shortstops on their head by perfect fielding. Altman
 made the most sacrifice hits. Dunn was
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27

Atlanta Auto Races, -$5.25 R. T., Nov. 2, 3, 4, Southern Railway.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
DOOin Gets Hot

Philadelphia, october Eff the deal with Cincinnati does not go through, then I am done with the Philadelphia club" said Charles s. Dooin, manager of the local National league team.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27
TABOO WINS FEATURE
 ON LATONIA COURSE
Sparks Chattanooga

Iatonia, October 25.-Driving finishes featured the third day of the Latonia meeting the first four races on the card the wire. Taboo won the feature race, a handicap, at one mile and 70 yards by defeating the havily played favorite Prince Galby the shortest of noses. Prince led all the way until the last jump Love Note, running in much improved form, won the second race from Edda by a neck. Summarizes:
 First race, purse s40o, six furlongs, sell ing-Forehead. 1os doftus), won; Helene, TOT (Burns). second; Gold Oak. 1OS CGoose), third. Time. IS s-5. Mutuels paid. s2: Forehead. s4 win, B. 90 place. s2.1O show; Helene. g 20 place, g 10 show; Gold Oak, g 10 show.
 Second race, purse s40O, five and a half furlongs-L.ove Note, 1041a (Reid), won; Edda, 110 (Burns), second; Alice A. Dale, 104 (Austin). third. Time, 1:06 4-5. Mu- tuels paid, g: Love Note, s4. 90 straight, g 40 place; Edda, $220 place. No show betting.
 Third race, purse s40o. six furlongs, sell ing-Wo Woodlane 1Q7 (Burns), won Melissa. 107 Davenport second; Mae Hamilton, 107 HerberD third. Time, 1:141s. Mu- tuels paid, g: Woodlane, s4 win, g. 50 place, g TO show: Melissa, s2.sO place, sS show; Mae Hamilton, s4.30 show.
 Fourth race, handicap, mile and 70 yards-Taboo. 1oe (Benschotten), won; Prince Gal, 113 Rice), second; Helmet, m ird A M,1ft al q paid, g: Taboo, 80 win, s5. 20 place, s2. .O5 show; Prince Gal, $50 place, s2.5O show; Helmet. 30 show.
 Fifth race, purse s40o. six furlongs, selling-Lacy sybil. 104 Davenport won; Ethel D, 107 (Goose), second; Dainty Dame, TOT CGrand), third. Time, 1:14. Mu- tuels paid, g: Lady Sybil, s3s.s0 win; s1O25 place, ss.5o show; Ethel D, s7.2O place, s4.sO show; Dainty Dame, s3.5o show.
 Sixth race, purse s400, mile and a six teenth, selling-Romp, 104 Uoftus), won; Falcada, 1O2 (Benschoten), second; Shap- dale, 107 CIerbert, third. Time, :46. Mu- tuels paid, B: Romp, sS.sO win, s4.2O place. s9.6O show; Falcada, 8 place, s4 show; Shapdale. $8.70 place.
 
 Latonia Entries
 Cincinnati, October 26.-Latonia en- tries for tomorrow:
 First race, selling, 2-year-olds, 51a furlongs-Mayor Head, 103; Tritoma, Iwalani, Lilly Paxton, Athie w. Col lette, Eastern Star, H. M. Sabbath, 105; Inspector General. 107 Heldeman. Mockler Americaneer, Apple Prince, 10s; Scarlet Pimpernel, 110.
 Second race, selling, 2-year-olds, 5h furlongs-*Oriental Pearl, 100; Husky Lad, Helen Burnett, Eva Amelia. 106; Detect, Missive, 107; Henry Walbank, Monty Fox, Louis Katz, Hesitate, War Jig, 10S; Planutess, ILL
 Third race. purse, 2-year-olds, fur longs4Attentive, Dusty, Exemplar Du- bois, 103; w. W. Clark, Sir Down, 106; Star Charter, 112.
 Hanzeretta, s5: Tom McGrath, loo; Merrick, Theo Cook, 112; Melisande. 124.
 Fifth race. purse. 3-year-olds and up, mile and TO yards-Topland, 100; Carlton c. 103; Huck, Jeff Bernstein, 1o9; Otilo, Glucose, Leamene, Wool Winder, 112
 Sixth race, 3-year-olds and up, mile and three -eigh ts-Amyl. Oacron, Gal liota, 97; Salian. 100; Maid Militant, Mike O'Brien, Orphan Lad, Flirting, First Peep, 106 Mamie Angel, Casso- wary, 109
 Clear. fa ct
The Birmingham age-herald., 1910-10-27

.........................s
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1910-02-23

as fully as it had been expressed be-
for, in any suitable words that should
come to hand. Then I compared my
Spectator with the original, discover
ed some Of my faults, and corrected
them.
But I found I wanted a stock of
words, or a readiness in recolllecting
and using them, which Il thought ]
should have acquired before that
time If had gone on making verses;
since the continual occasion for
words Of the same import, but OF
different length, to suit the measure
or of different sound for the rhyme
would have laid me under a constant
necessity Of searching for variety
and also have tended to fix that va
riety. in my mind, and make me
master of it. Therefore I took some
of the tales and turned them into
verse, and, after a time. when 1 had
pretty well forgotten the prose, turn.
ed thm back again.
also some times jumbled my col.
lections of hints into confusion, and
after some weeks endeavored to re-
duce them into the best order, be-
fore I began to form the full SEN
tences and complete the paper. This
was to teach me method in the ar
rangement Of thoughts.
By comparing my work afterwards
with the original, 1 discovered many
faults and amended them; but /
sometimes had the pleasure of fancy
ing that in certain particulars of
small import, 1 had been lucky
enough to improve the method or
the language; and this encouraged
me to think I might possibly in time
come to be tolerable English writer.