The new era., 1910-02-10

interval between learning ana recall pe no9' "u
vantageously filed then the arrangement Oh the scnoo
program Of studies can be worked out on psycholog-
basis not on the more OF less hapna"aiu '"
which seems to be the present plan
Amone other problems in this field of applied psy-
chology which department has undertaken or pro
poses to carry the future may be mentoheo
the following: . ,,
l. What are some of the most advantageous condi-
tions of learning spell correctly?
g. In learning is 1t better to give all or the time 10
study of the subject be learned or Is it bet
ter to devote portion of the time in the attempt to
recall material that already been mastered?
Is it better, in learning, to attempt to meinorlze
tie by commencing at the beginning and run
ming through the end consecutivey and by repeating
this until the whole has been mastered or Is II
part and then another part and so on
A. What method of presentation is more advanta-
geous in learning? this is meant specifically Is It
better present child material to learn orally or
usually and is it better to present the material stimuli
taneously or successvely-that is should the whole
thing he is learn be given at once or Is he to
study part and then the next and so on?
considering the first of these problems it may bs
said that results at Illinois clearly point to the fact that
the method of teaching children to spell by giving the
whole and not breaking 1t into syllables
is not the psychological method and that the old method
syabcaton with Of its obvious faults had dis
tnct advantages some of the extreme methods OF
to-day.
Apro os the second problem it is clearly established
by experiments Illinois that there is great advantage
in spending the entire period Of learning study
ing the material presented but that is of great
advantage to spend part of this time In attempting to
recall what has been shown. Train the pupil to look
the that he is trying to memorze for period
and then to turn his and in his minds
recall the printed matter.
1t is generally held by investigators that the best
method of memorzing is to learn the material by
at the beginning and running through the whole
process to the end. The Illinois experiments brought
this fact that In such consecutive learning there
certain parts that mastered quickly than 9TH
and that Is advantageous to first the whole
material consecutively until the easily acquired
material is mastered and then to spend some time in
learning those parts that difficult and to finally
relearn the whole consecutively.
Now in attempting to answer the fourth question.
experiments have been carried at Illinois which show
rather clearly that the most advantageous way to
sent material to little children is visuay and In
sion The for this In at least. Is because
successive presentation better attention than
simultaneous presentation and that the word when seen
especially it is difficult be better comprehended
than if 1t is merely heard.
The foregoing account gives statement of of
the typical and important experimental nvestga-
progress in the psychological laboratory
main emphasis is being placed upon psychology
learning, specifically technique and economy
processes of acquisition. At the ample
scope is given for the theoretical aspects
ject that the field In general may be
that those who wish to obtain higher degrees
subject may find ample opportunity for research
direction which interests them most