davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Arizona sentinel., 1910-02-03
HOSPITALS
THE RODGERS HOSPITAL
MARK A. RODGERS, n. D.
I26 s. Stone Avenue, Tucson, Ariz.

WANTED -Intelligent man woman to take
territory and appoint canvasserS to sell our
water hlrers Exclusive territory and nice,
profitable work for the right party.-Seneca
Sitter Co. SeEccG- No.
The Arizona sentinel., 1910-02-03

Assistant Secretary of the Territory o
Arizona.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1910-05-19
An Enemy of Childhood.

In an address at Philadelphia,
April 9th, DR.. 7. A.. MacNicholl,
surgeon at the Red Cross Hospital,
New York, presented this striking
comparison in the study of two
separate groups of families:
Through a long line of successive
generations [ have made a study
of two separate groups of families
One group, children of drinking
parents; one group OF children OF
ab%staining parents.
In ten families of drinking
habits there were fifty-five child
rem. Thirty died ininfancy, three
of heart disease, four were insane,
seven were anaemic, eight were
tuberculous, one had diabetes,
three had very poor teeth, three
had adenoids. Only four of the
number were normal. Of the
total two we're excellent, six were
fair, and seven were deficient in
their studies.
In ten families of abstaining
parents there were seventy child
rem. Two died in infancy, two
we're neurotic and anaemic, one
had rheumatism, one was tuber-
culous and sixty -four were normal,
In study ffty-six were excellent.
ten were fair, only two were de-
fcient.
OF the children of total alb
staining families 80 per cent. were
normal. Of the total of children
of drinking parents SO per cent,
were abnormal.
Eighty per cent. of the children
of regular drinkers have convul.
sions while teething. OF children
dying from such diseases az
measles, whooping cough, scarlet
fever and other infantile disorders,
q large percentage are children 0.
drinking ancestry.-Th The Amethyst.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1910-05-19
ARCADIA COLLEGE
END RCEDENY
OF THE
...Ursuline Sisters.

The system Of education pursued in
this institution is designed to develop the
moral, Intellectual and physical powers
Of the pupils; to make them refined, ac-
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1910-05-19
Two Important Elections.

Florida and Missouri vote on
statewide prohibition in Novem-
Der. The liquor interests are all
ready actively at work in both
states and will make desperate ef-
forts to %perpetuate the traffic.
These states should receive the
liberal and enthusiastic support of
all temperance people throughout
the nation. There are several
reasons for this:
1. A temperance victory will
give an impetus to the cause in all
the States. and a defeat will tend
to encouragement.
2. The temperance people in
Florida and Missouri have to
fight not only the liquor interests
of those two States, but through
the whole country, and especially
the brewers and distillers. One
of their schemes is to mass theil
forces and defeat one section o
the temperance army at a time
and then fall upon another.
3. Much of the South is under
prohibition, but, by means o
interstate traffic, the connivanc'
of officials, the shield of the Fed
eral Tax receipt and the persisten
criminal anarchy of the liquo
traffic, the will of the people i
partly neutralized.
Every temperance man ant
woman from Maine to Californij
and from Minnesota to the Gul
should help Florida and Missouri
in their fight for righteousness
The amethyst.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1910-05-19
Lost in the Saloon TiIl.n

Under the above caption the
National Prohibitionist presents a
comprehensive study of the fnan-
cial phase of the drink traffic which
shows the per capita consumption
of all kinds of Intoxicating liquor
last year was 2t.86 gallons, or a
decrease Of 1.16 gallons.
The total direct cost is placed al
$2,f06,476,850 or 1923. go for each
man, woman and child in the
United States. Estimating the
average family at 4.6 members, the
tax levied by this evil upon each
household is S110.03.
If the Panama Canal shall cost
100000, 900 five such canals could
be paid for with the money spent
for strong drink each year.-The
amethyst.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1910-05-19
w. c. T. U. Column.

AzSaA Through the courtesy Of the
NN344>~ REGIsrRRihis space is grant
%SH q IA ed the w. c. T. u. Its ed
AHkNAE tied by MARrHA FRANCIS,
NSHA Local Press Superintendent,
EA as appointed by the State Or
AT ganizer, Mrs. L. LaMsnce.
w. c. T. u. WATCEIWORDS;
ORGANIzEl EpucArEl AGrTATEi
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1910-05-19

Pupils OF alldenominauons are equally recceived-al interference with their
convictions being carefully avoided. TERMS-Board, Washing of Clothes
Tuition in English, and all kinds of Useful and Ornamental Needle Work, per
Session of Five Months, are 800, 00-payable in advance. Terms for intruc
ton in Music, Foreign Language, Drawing and Painting can be had by apply
ing as below. Attached to the Convent and totally separated from the board
ingschool, is SELECT DAY SCHOOL, in which the usual branches of sound
and practical education are carefully impaired. Terms in theDay School vii
be, for the present, One Dollar per Month Information may be had by ap
plying in person or by letter, to MOTHER SUPERIOR,
of the Convent of the UrsuEne Sisters. Arcadia, Iron county, Mo.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1910-05-19
W. c. T. U PRINCIPLES:

Total Abstinence; Prohibition Of the Liquor
Traffic; One Standard OF Morals for Men
and Women; Home Protection; Equal
Suffrage; and the Teaching of Scientific
Temperance in Public Schools.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1910-05-19
DIR. w. J. SMITH,
Graduate American School Of Osteopathy, Kirksville, Mo

CONSULTATION FREE. CORRESPONDENCE ULILIIEU. BoardI
Room and Treatment. $40 $2s per week. Special Ratest TO parties de-
string Board Without Treatment
This Institution is eigned and constructed tor the comfort d%a and d accommodation mp daGrn q 2
admirable ior this purpose, Its N the Iron Mountain Railway, SO miles south Of St
Louis, and Gao feet above that city. Nestled at the footof Shepherd Mountain, embow-
cred among majestic ueesj just off the main street. and free from hsn noise ant dust, anc
alongside the famed Emerson Park, known fara and near, witt hits shady walks and drive
ways, Sylvan Lake and Grant Spring, and thera attractive surroundings, NJ more beautiful
or reshulreueat for the inyaid and convaIesent, r. heweuy and careworn, can be
found in sHAmerca. Fac
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17
CLEMSON GETS BIG MONEY.
The Fertilizer Tag Tax Runs Up Into
q Big Sum.

During the past year there were
843,s34 tons of fertilizer and 140,-
'7O5 tons of cotton seed meal used by
the farmers .or the State, according1to
report submitted Saturday by Glenn
son; College to the department Of ag-
rIculture. This is total tonnage OF
,s75,039 tons, which is valued at
approximately s20,oOO,0o0; taking
the average price per ton for Last
year as. basis.
Clemson College derives tax of
rs; cents on every ton of fertilizer
sold in the State and will receive
approximately -s250,000 this year. 1t
Is expected that there will be meas
ure introduced in the general assem-
bly, asking that the number Of schol-
arships be increased for the inssi.c-
ton. The State farmers union plac-
ed itself on record as favoring ;ile
increase OF scholarships,
InasmuchT as the farmers pay this
entire tax, it does Seems to us Lhat
their SONS should get more benstlt
from Clemson. College than they do.
The agricultural scholarships estab
lished by the Herbert bill should be
doubled in number, and, If ie; ssary
to enable oright po~r boys 70 81 to
Clemson, the money value Of these
scholarships should be .inc"-aseu.
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17
BOUGHT THE HOUNDS.
The County Now Owns Dogs to Run
N--t.;L Il q. ...4. : 'rE. o.. '''f"Nr
Ss-t Down Criminals.

ss1t Down Criminals.
Orangeburg County has provided
herself with trained dogs with which
to hunt down criminals. Supervisor
F. J.rD. Fielder and Township Com
missioner; William M. Funchess, have
returned fro'aa Atlanta, where they
went to purchase bloodhounds for
the use Of the officials Of this coun-
ty, the county board of. commission
ers having sometime ago authorized
the purchase Of the dogs.
The action of the board of COM
missioners was based upon recon-
'mendation by the granl jury of this
county. Messrs. Fielder and f'unchess
brought back three bloodhounas, two
being males and one female. They
also purchased two bloodhound pups.
The older dogs were tried out before
the purchase was made and + $
worked well. ~
However, they were bought on
trial and If they do not prove salts
factory they will be returned to the
seller. The dogs are temporarily IL
the charge of Chas. B. Williamson,
che foreman Of the county farm just
q mile south Of the city. They will
be held, in readiness Ito go, on the
trail Of any criminal who may need
running down.
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17
National Thanksgiving.

At all times and under all condi-
tions We have much to be thankful
for, but Thanksgiving Day this year
will appeal with additional force 10
all good citizens and especially DEM
ocrats for they all have much to be
specially thankful for. Roosevelt's
new nationalism the concentration Of
great wealth, which under the Con-
stitution is reserved to the people
of the several states-is buried with
its author under an avalanche Of OPP
posing v1tes. For such a signal ia
vor, supreme thanks should be given.
The standpatters have been defeated
and a peoples Congress. pledged to
tariff revision downward, has been
given power to carry out the pledge;
for this everyone, high or low, RIGA
or poor. should give thanks. Hon
est and patriotic Republicans have
helped Us Democrats to gain great
victory to the end that equa! rights
to all and special privileges to none
may be the law of the land, and for
this both will join II giving thanks.
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17
NORWAY NEWS.
Farmers Still Picking Cotton but Arc
Marketing it Slowly.

Norway, Speclal--We are hang
real warm weather at present, w:li:!
is very acceptable to cotton pick MS.
There is call for hands everywhere.
Some folks are through with their
cotton and are now picking corn AMI
peas, while others have lots Of cot
ton to pick yet. Cotton Is being mar
keted very slowly here now and all
the gins in the country have no: been
busy for some time.
DR.. G.. T.. Bowling has purchase!
himself a new E. M. F. AutorI ,bl2 ,.
DR.. Bowling says there is none OIL
er as good. :"
Mr.. Ernest Reed, son Of James q.
Reed, deceased, was buried the other
day at Bethel Church. Mr.. Reed was
we'll known here, having lived only
few miles from this place all his
boyhood days. He had been work
ing on the Seaboard Railroad for
some time and was sick only shor'
while before he died in Savannah.
Mr.. Lawrence E. Riley Of Orange
burg was in town last week.
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17
"The Girl in the Taxi"

With a record of thirty weeks In
two cities, Chicago and Boston, The
Girl in the Taxi, that most remark
able Of all laughing entertainments,
comes to the Academy Of Music
for one nights engagement on Dec.
5th. It can safely be said that "The
Girl in the Taxi stands at the top
of all plays of its kind whose chief
purpose Is to amuse the theatregoins
public. If you would cry, stay away,
but If you would experience the hear
tiest laugh Of your life, don't fail to
see this piece which has created a
sensation on both sides of the Allan.
tic.
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17
w. IiOYt'S Locals.

The sale of watches and clocks Is
still going on and there is still 200
to be sold. And must be positively
gotten rid Of by the 1st of January.
Never in the history OF this town
have there been such bargains offered
before. Come and see them and be
convinced at No. Broughton St.
Now is the time to buy watch or
a clock. Call and see them at No. 3
Broughton Street.
Repairing Of watches and clocks
a specially at greatly reduced prices
by w. Hoyt at No. 3 Broughton ST..
No trouble in showing goods and
inform you of the true quality at
same time the wonderful reduced
prices by w. Hoyt, No. 8 Broughton
St.
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17
FARMERS UNION MEETINGS.
Mr. 3. B. O'Neal Holloway to Speak
~. s;s4s.sS
4 Mt Each Gathering.

3 u e.
At the meeting Of the orangeburg
County Farmers Union hs!d on last
Nov. 18th, the ifolfowlng
appointments were made estfor this
forr, r meetings to be held at
which MI: u. b. 9O'NearsaHolloway,
State Organizer for theH eHFarmers Un-
Ion will:Sbea present and : make ad-
dresses sin;tne interest of the order:
Hickory Grove, Mondays Nov. 81.
.Ebenezer; Tuesday, Nov. %.
Branchville, Wednesday, Nov. %
Canaan and Cope. Thursday, Nov.
"a. ~, s..siH'l'
Norway, Friday, Nov. 25.
North, Saturday, Nov: &c
It will be left to the residents Of
each. locality TO" say at-what hour and
ymhat place these meetings "ill lie
held. They are to be open ia the
public and farmers especially ore in
iVited to, attend and makelthem sic
cessful, Il
:. # "a comparatively small number
OF the farmers of Orangeburg Coun-
~ findjt L, their mutual aadvani lsc
to join the Union and are being ben
Gifted thereby, 1t follows that others
would be, If, they could be persnad-
ed to become members Of that organ
ization:: ....S5s> +
!, It,w!ll be the aim Of MI. Holloway
to convince them of this, an ! being a
gifted speaker, we, have no dourt but,
that he; will be the means OF in:reas-
ing the memberships of tn orI," in
this. County very materially.
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17
STOMACH FEEDS FINE.
Two Mi-o-na Tablets Drive Away Dis
T. - :: Nt=ifti 4. t--+"t1-
tress from Stomach.

tress from Stomach.
Get a SO cent box Of MI-O-NA
tablets at J. G.. Wannamaker Mfg.
Co., today and learn for yourself how
easy it:-is to put your out OF ordsr
stomach in perfect condition.
lMi-o-na stomach tablets give In
stant re.ief-and do more.
They build up the stomach so quick
ly that in a few days belching, Sour
ness, heartburn, heaviness, bilious
ness, headache and dizziness will dis
appear.
Mi-o-na stomach tablets are guar
anteed by J. G. Wannamaker to cure
indigestion and all stomach Ills, or
money back.
"Ihave had trouble with my stom-
ach for two years. I tried every
thing I heard of. Mi-o-na stomach
tablets did me more than s25.00
worth Of good. They are the best in
the world. Dennis Stephen, .Cou-
dersport, Pa, Feb. 1.
Fifty cents for a large box Of MI
o-na at ). G. Wannamaker Mfg. Co.
and druggists everywhere.
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17
The Way to Sell Goods.

If business man has good bar
gains to offer the public he must let
the public know that fact or the
goods will remain en- his shelves un-
til Docmsday. Many are the ways
he man use to sell people but ne
most successful. as the experience of
every wise business man shows. IS
persistent, generous and attractive
advertising in the pages Of the local
press. That enters into nearly every
home to be read by every member
In the home.
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17
Makes Favorable IteDOrt,

The smoker rendered Capt. Adams
and Congresmen Lever and Byrnes by
the business men Of Bamherg Mon
day evening was attended by several
gentlemen of this city. Several talks
were made and everything passed off
most pleasantly. Cant Adams vii!
examine the South Ed!sto zRive" to
ascertain if that stream can be made
He said at the smoker
that he was pleased to state that he
had reported favorably on North
E listo project. and we feel sure that
after investigation he will do the
same as to the South Edis.o River.
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17
The Official Count.

The Commissioners OF Election
have canvassed the vote cast in the
late election in this county and de-
clared the same. There were 1,GS0
votes cast for congressman. Of which
Lever received 1,60S and Richardson
CT votes. The vote for State ciiicers
was as follows: Blease 1899, Thomp-
son 4, Smith 1856, McCown 1853,
Lyon 1543. Jenri-~s ir': !;
154S, Swearingen 147S, Moore 1549,
Hampton 1917. Eacn oil Inc ,uu?
members received 1868 votes aid r.
E. Copes l412.
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17
Stores VIII Close.

Thanksgiving Day will be a holi-
day in Orangeburg this year more
generally than it has ever been. All
the public Offices, the banks and most
OF the stcr::c, c-:"c,,. ~ 1.cS stores,
will be closed. Practically no bu6-
mess will be transacted here that
day. This is as it should be. It
will do US all good !c quit work c2e
day. and render thanks to the giver
OF all good for His manifold mercics
and blessings.
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17
Doings at Kansdulc's Removal Sale


The greatest sale ever held in Or
angeburS. The crowd was more than
we could serve. Those who have not
attended should come at once. We
have put on more force so don't stay
away. The sale is just getting In
full blast. We have plenty Of BAR
gains left. The specials for this week
will be as follows: Red belts 12c.
corsets 10c. pins 1c paper, hair
pins lc a package, socks 1 anl Sc,
ladies hose Sc, childrens hose Sc,
pearl buttons &c, curtain poles s..
hose supporters 12c, ladies black
gloves Ice, ladies handkerchiefs &c.
toilet soap &c cake, emroiderics DC.
val lacs lc and &C, mems rain coats
S2..iS. ladies' long coats S3.9S. ladies'
black petticoats GS. So many good
things we could mention, Dial Tine
and space is precious. so come and
see. J. c. RansdaIe.
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17
Eclipse of the Moon.

There was a total eclipse Of the
moon lasI. night, which was Witness
ed by millions Of people in different
parts of the United States. The moon
rose in partial eclipse, which became
total ahont seven o'clock aud rnmn!n-
ed total about one hour. An eclipse
OF the moon is caused by the earth
passing between the sun and the
moon and shutting off the sunlight
which is reflected by the moons sur
face.
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17
Slightly Improved.

1t will be good news to the many
friends Of DR.. T. A. Jeffords, who is
in hospital at Columbia, that he
has slightly improved since the oper-
a;ion he underwent on last Friday.
Tho hoD" Is i7dulged that the Doc
t>r VII, SGon he out of danger and
we'll on the way to complete recovery.
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17
Local srots-14 cents.
Fined fer Cruelty.

Sam Whaley, negro. was tried
before Magistrate e. G. Mann Monday
at St. Matthews on a charge Of creul-
ty to animals. A verdict Of guilty
was rendered, and the case being one
of unusual aggravation, a fine OF
S100 or thirty days was imposed.
Whaley promptly paid the fine.
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17
LIST OF LETTERS.
Those Remaining Unclaimed in the
Orangeburo Fost Ufllce.

n, n,,,,,, I1,n1o;,,,od In tho
Orangeburg Fost Ofilct.
lne iolio "ins 40 tno ii't VI 'os.e' .
remaining III lne oiahsepuis oet
Olflce lor ene week enolhs wy. !''"
PERSONS Gazing loi same WIZ please
say tnat 'ney are ao'er1lSeu'
Canlel bdislch'
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17
LOCAL NEWS ITEMS
PICKED UP ALL OVER TOWN B>
OUR REPORTERS.
What Is Happening Here and There

" nat lS HappeuluS FlcTc auu AhCTe.
Local Items OF Personal Interes,
to Our Readers
The weather got decidedly colder
yesterday.
All the latest magazines and week
lies on sale at Sims Book Store.
The Socialist candidate for govern
or, Thompson, poled four votes IN
this county in the recent election.
Miss Elize Izlar Is at home for
few days visiting her father. She
Is student at the College for Women
in Columbia.
Sims Book Store has reduced the
prices on all popular copyright fic'
ton from 60 to SO cents. See their
advertisement OF page two.
Orangeburg Is not particularly in
terested in the Methodist Annual
Conference, as Presiding Elder Smith
and Pastor Bays are certain to be
returned.
Col. Coward's speech Of welcome
on hehalf of the city to the ladies
attending the Conference of D. A. II.
at the courthouse Tuesday evening
was a gem.
A new and dangerous counterfeit
Of the 81 silver certificate has been
discovered. AS that Is about the
size of the bills we handle most We
shall be on our, guard.
Hhere has been two false alarms
of fire sent in recently. The parties
sending them in may look upon It
as fun, but If they get caught they
will change their tune.
Mr.. James ". Moss, of Cameron,
is one of the nine trustees elected
to control the Evening News, Colum-
bias new paper, which will be issued
about the first of January next.
Mssrs. R. Fulton Dukes, Cecil Gull
ler, Chas. w. Cutler, Edgar Cutler,
Hampton Cutler, Thos. Smith and VI.
E. Matthews attended the automobile
races at Savannah on last Saturday.
Richardson, the colored preacher
who ran against Lever as the Repub.
lican candidate for Congress, only
polled 67 votes in this county. He
has wisely concluded not to contest
the election.
The Little Cosy Theato will give
benefit Friday for the Young People
Juvenile Society Of the Methods:
Church. A portion of the proceeds
go to that society. Take the pictures
in by all means on that day.
Five Republican voters cast thelf
votes at Holly Hill for Aaron P. Pre-
leau, who ran as the Republican can
didate for congress in the first dis
tricl. Holly Hilly used to be In the
first district, but it now Is in the
seventh district.
Orangeburg has as courteous and
accommodating a lot of mail carriers
there are ito be found in the Stats.
AS matter of fact, the same may ue
said of every official connected with
the postoffice, from Postmaster Web
ster down to the lowest.
The Ladies Aid Society of the Cam
eron M. E. Church will serve din
ner and oysters on Thanksgiving Day
from II a. m. until p. m, for the
benefit OF the parsonage. Come anu
get a good Thanksgiving Dinner for
25 cents. Also oysters in every style.
lOrangebIrg surrendered to the
ladies attending the Conference of
the Daughters Of the American Revo-
luton without firing gun. What is
more, she heartily welcomes them
to her hearts and homes and feels
honored at having them as her guests
for short season.
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17
Ayers and Williams Locals.

A complete line of Field Seeds
Gets, Wheat. Rye, Vetch, Rape, Clov-
~ md Alfalfa at Ayers and Will
liemH.
5UUO bushels OF bright selected
Seed Oats and the price is the cheap
est in years at Ayers and Williams.
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17

IOrangebIrg surrendered to the
ladies attending the Conference of
the Daughters of the American Rero-
luton without firing a gun. What is
more, she heartily welcomes them
to her hearts and homes and feels
honored at having them as her guests
for q short season.
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17

The Ladies Aid Society of the Cam
eron M. E. Church will serve din
ner and oysters on Thanksgiving Day
from II a. m. until 8 p. m, for the
benefit OF the parsonage. Come anu
get a good Thanksgiving Dinner for
25 cents. Also oysters in every style.
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17

NEW YORK COTTON iiETOJsT.
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17

l.. Fl. Wannamakcr,
City Clerk and Treasurer.
The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1910-11-17

Orangeburg has as courteous and
accommodating a lot of mail carriers
there are ito be found in the Stat9.
AS matter of fact, the same may ue
said Of every official connected with
the postoffice, from Postmaster Web
ster down to the lowest.