davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1910-05-24
The Dallas Excursionists.

| IlC OdlldS l1ACuESlOIlSlbs
Hal D. Patton, of Patton Bros.
Fred S. Bechtel, Of Bechtel & By
non.
John H. Lewis, state penitentiary
p L. FTrasier, real estate.
r. C. Bishop, Salem Wooden Mill
store.
c. N. Macarthur executive office.
VIM. McGllchrist, White House
Restaurant.
Dr. L. G.. Altman
d. H. James, supt. state prison.
Louis Bechtel, of Bynon & Bech-
tel.
Jim Wilson, Derby & Wilson.
f. A. Turner, supreme court re-
porter
Chas II. Hinges, jeweler.
Taylor Jones, supt. of Salem, Falls
city & Western.
r. G. Hallberg, dry goods.
Abe Frasier plumbing
Gus Huckestein, cigar maker.
Herman Barr, of Barr Bros jew.
elers.
d. r. Bruner, Oregon Shoe Co.
Clyde Johnson, G.. W. Johnson Co,
Ed. T. Barnes, Barnes Cash
Store.
II. Geo. Meyer, real estate.
j. c. Perry, druggist.
Jos. Baumgartner, Ladd g. Bush
bank.
F. X. Lowell real estate.
Carl Gerlinger, master mechanic
Salem, Falls City Western.
M. o. Buren, Buren & Hamilton.
c. r. Lansing, nurseryman.
w. T. stolz, Vinegar and Pickle
Works.
p, II. Darcy, capitalist
II, S. Gile, wholesale grocer
Roy Wasson, Spaulding Lumber
SIP. Kimball, fruit grower.
Geo, l.. Synder, Salem Elklet.
10. X. Piascke, fruit grower.
d w, Eyre, U. S. National Bank.
G, B. Rockwell state house
o. b, Miles, Spaulding Lumber Co.
w, T, jerks, Gile & Co
II, w Meyers, department store
Carl Kugel, fruit grower.
70, G. Minton, street contractor.
G, l.. Starr, State Tax Board.
l.. Gerlinger. Jr.. general manager
salem, Falls City & Western
c. ID. Babcock, Associated Press
Herbert Stiff, U S. National bank
O. 10. Burtwell, Vinegar Factory
Jas. Ship, retired farmer.
% C. Cross, retail merchant.
John siegmund, abstract Office.
II w. Thielsen, feed store.
L. M. Haines, tailor.
), p, Rogers, president U. s. Ma
nal Bank,
Wm Burkhardt, Jr, insurance.
Ed. Hazard. T. S. National Bank
H. o, White, White & Sons.
G, Schneider Buren, & Hamilton
G. l., Adams. Buren, q Hamilton
N, H. Brown, fruit grower,
a. Becker, fruit grower.
S ID. Dimeler motorman,
McH Campbell, carpenter,
p, E, Fullerton, millinery.
.
Roy Burton, IAdd & Bush Bank
G. IL. Kugel, fruit grower.
w c. Young, retired farmer,
Riley Morehead, street contractor,
]. @. stapleton, street contractor. (
II, d, Kay president Board OF
'rade.
b. II, White, physician.
r. w. Hartman, Bars iewelry
tore.
c. H. Lansing, Quaker nursery
Geo W. Weeks, fruit grower.
A. NJ. Hanson, planning mills
Elbert p, Fisher physician
ID. n. Mosher tailoring.
G. v. Ellis physician.
A. J. Reinhart, Salem Shoe store
H. c. Pugh, Salem Shoe Store.
Frank shafer, harness maker.
Cllnord Brown. Brown q Co.
C NJ Eppley, manufactures OF
aking powder.
A, A. Doolittle, capitalist,
w. G. East Salem Bank q Trust
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1910-05-24

The Pullman company will have
to be told again" before it will let
go of the public throat.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28

Members of the Police Board ex-
press the opinion that the Mayor has
not yet been fully informed as to the
equitable nature of the Stringer
charges for city work, and point TO
one bill for $1,000, where the nature
of wiring installed does not seem to
justify so large a. charge. The most
recent item-the bill held up in the
Police Board because 1t was not item
ized-was for installing ten additional
patrol boxes, the bills being about
$500. AS the boxes are scattered all
over the city requiring a large amount
of wiring, the charge has been held to
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28
OBITUARY
LYsnnder @. Eigg.

With the passing of Lysander G,
Tigg, who died yesterday at his home,
ISIS @ Street after long illness, one
Of the most Widely known men in
Richmond was removed from active
life. MI. Figg was seventy eight years
old, and his death, while deplored, was
not unexpected,
For many years he was prominent
in both political and business circles.
AS a member OF the firm OF Figg and
Rider harness manufacturers, he be-
came Identified with the business In
terests of this city, and for twenty
years was actively engaged in com,
mercial affairs, He was for many years
member of the Board of Police COM
lnissioners, and was also at one time
Justice of tho peace from Marshill
Ward
His death was received with sincere
regret in municipal circles, where he
was most popular, beng personally ac-i
quainted with practically every CITY
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28
TALK PALEONTOLOGY,
GEOLOGY. GEOGRAPHY
Scientists of North America Gather
for Annual Discussion in
pittsburg.

Pittsburg. Pa, December 27-Scien-
tifc men from all parts OF North
America are here to-day attending the
annual meetings of the American Geo
logical Society, American Paleontologi-
cal Society and the Society of Geogra-
pliers.
The biologists We're in session to-
day. The Acknowledgements will meet to-
morrow The geographers Will hold
their first session Thursday.
President w, N Frew, of the Carne-
gle Institute board of trustees, well
coined the delegates present at to-
days meeting. DR. Arnold Hague made
an address.
Headquarters have been established
at the institute. Meetings viii be held
there as we'll as In the lecture room
of the Carnegie technical schools.
Subjects to be discussed include
everything from the formation OF peb-
bles to causes earthquakes and gey-
sers and the creation of minerals and
volcanoes. Every speaker will be one
who can deal authoritatively with the
subject assigned him.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28
WRECKED BY "BLACK HAND"
Bomb Explosion Breaks Every window

In New York Tenement.
New York, December 27.-Two hun
dred occupants of a tenement in the
Italian quarter on West Fourteenth
Street found their escape to the street
cut off to-day when a BLACK Hand
bomb exploded in the lower hallway,
tore out the first floor stairway and
broke every window in the structure.
The excited tenants. who We're pitch
ed from their beds by the shock which
rocked the building. rushed for the
usual exits and when they found their
way blocked, scrambled to the fire es-
capes and the roof
Salvatore Catolanio, a lace manu-
facturer on the ground floor. told the
police that he had recently received
a letter demanding $1,000 under PEN
atty of death or destruction of his
prOpnrtN
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28
WILL OPPOSE ToLLGArEs.
Eminent Counsel to Appear AT Hearing r..
fore (nnInissinn .

Special 10 Tho Tlrnes- Dispatch
Woodstock, Va December g7.rtci 49,.
Of Speaker Byrd attorney for tie valley
d ~ .It3iS Company 10 increase the number
3 ,,, tgtlsates on the pike extending from
WlhchesteE " Stanton, has stirred IN a
hornets nest The state Corporation Com
mission has notified the boards OF super
Hisofs ana me mayors OF the towns through
matter VIII be had in Richmond on Jantlart.
~ This notification has caused the difererit
authotltles 10 get busy and as conse-
quence the Speaker viii have some 81 tb.
best legal talent in the Valley 10 meet fitrn
before the board, and VIII also fnd petftIgns
tIom each town along the pike PRAYING the
Tor An effort viii be made 10 place fbe
gates at the north end Of Harr,sonbnrx
New Market and WoodHtock. and 81 the
south end of strasburg and Edinburp
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28
Nrs Iuc,ndy Gnines.

Especial % The Tlmes,Dlspatch.lI
has been received In this city announc-
ing the death of Mrs. Lucindy Gaines,
formerly of this city, which occurred
at the home OF her son. James Puryear
in Durham, n @. She had peen sich
of the Methodist Church. She was sew
enty-two years of age and is survived
by two daughters and one son. Ihe
remains We're brought TO this city,
where interment was made In Green
Hill Cemetery.
Miss virginia s. Knox.
ISpecial to The Times-Dispatch.l
Fredericksburg, Va, December 2I.--
Miss Virginia S. Knox, sister of CITY
Treasurer Robert r. Knox, died at her
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28
POLICEMAN IS HELD
Examination waived by Matthew Nc

New York, December 27.-Polcemau
Matthew McGrath the champion ham
mer-thrower OF the world. waived ex-
animation and was held TO await the
action of the grand jury when ar
raisned to-day before Magistrate Hy-
George Walker, whom the athlete found
in his home. No bail for McGrath was
fixed.
Walker was shot five times. and
there is only fair chance of his re-
covery. The wounded man says that
Mrs. McGrath invited him to her home
to see Christmas tree she had deco
rated
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28
JAPANESE HOMES SEARCHED
Army Officers in Philippines Failed to
Find ExuccteI EXnlnAiXcs.

Manila, December 27.-Pursuant to
the receipt of secret information, Ma
jor-General Duvall. Z. s. A., the retir-
ing commander of the Department OF
the Philippines, caused military agents
to obtain the assistance of the police
in searching one store and several Jap
anese homes for explosives The
search was futile and has caused re-
sentiment in the Japanese colony.
The residences visited included that
of the agent of the mercantile house
of Mitsui Bussan Company, Limited.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28
SHOOTS WIFE AND SELF
Mother, n Ccntenariun, Unable to Pre-
vent TrnGcdy.

Pittsburg, Pa, December 27.-In the
presence of his mother, 100 years old,
and Lake Erie Railroad engineer, to-
day shot and fatally wounded his wife
and fired two bullets into his head from
heavy revolver.
When Mrs, Mitchell was preparing
breakfast, Mitchell, ii is alleged, en-
tered the kitchen of their home in
Sheraden and began shooting. His
mother was sitting at table and en-
deavored to prevent the tragedy.
Mitchell and his wife were taken TO
hosDitals
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28
TUCKER ENDORSES JONES
AS MARTINS SUCCESSOR

Especial to The Times -Dispatch.l
Norfolk, Va, DecemhSSr 27.-HaTry
St. George Tucker tonight Endorsed
Congressman w. A. Jones for the
United States Senate as the successor
of Senator Martin. He will use his
influence for the election of Jones.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28
An Anarcl,ist Arsenal.

the Daily Telegraph, the search by the
police for the Houndsditch burglars
who shot several policemen to death
a few nights ago, has led to the dis,
covery of a complete anarchist arsenal
in the house in Gold Street, Stepneey,
formerly occupied by the dead burglar
Gardstein. In this house the police
found large quantities Of materials
used in the manufacture OF explosives,
and also anarchist literature, weapons
of various kinds, and dumdum bullets.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28
Miss Mary wIlkerson.

Especial to The Times Dispatch.
Upperville, Va. December st-Miss
Mary Wukerson died at the home or
her cousins, Misses Mary and Nellie
Gibson. on December "a In the nine
.tieth wear of her age. Until two or
three years ago, Miss Wilkerson could
be seen almost daily on the streets,
and her mind is said to have been clear
to within a short time of her death.
In her Will she bequeaths to relatives
money and bonds to the amount of sl6,.
600 or $4,000.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28
RESTAURANT KEEPER KILLED
Land. Clevelnnd's Catcher, and Nine
Others Held.

Frankfort, KY. December 27.-Steph-
en- Theophanis, a restaurant keeper.
was shot and probably fatally wounded
here to-day
Grover Land. catcher of the Cleve-
land american Baseball League team,
and Pat Bohannon, formerly with thu
Louisville American Association team,
are among the ten men being held In
connection with the shooting.
A crowd carrying over their Christ
mas celebration until o'clock this
morning, is alleged to have thrown a
lot of firecrackers into the restaurant.
The shooting followed
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28
Mny ucorrnnixe Department.


Prominent city officials say that re-
gardless of the outcome of any pend
ing charges and investigations, the
time has come for Il reorganization OF
the city's electrical department, which
is tlumsily devised, having grown witt,
the development of electricity. Mr.
Thompson, although Il practical cleo
trician and an eXperimenter in electrt-
cal matters. is not an electrical engi-
neer. He was at ore time an employe
employed by the Fire Department as
Superintendent of Fire Alarm, The
city was then beginning 10 install the
system of fire alarm boxes and call
boxes, which has since been gradually
extended 10 all parts of the city, in
Guiding underground connections to
most of the engine houses from the
central office, established on the fourth
floor of the City Hall. When the Po
lice Department began the installat ton
telephone boxes for patrol purposes,
Mr. Thompson was employed to take
charge, and his title changed TO Super
intendent of Ere Alarm and Police
Works for Three Departments.
Mr.. Thompson has an assistant, p.
G. Randolph, and the department en-
ploys three inspectors, who operate
the machinery at Fire Department
Headquarters. There are linesmen on
L.
the Police Department and the school
Board. for Mr. Thompson also super
vise- for the school department n sys-
TEN of private telephones connecting
all public schools in the city, centring
at school headquarters in the City Hall
Apparently the duties of these lines
men have been merely supervisory and
repair work, as 1t appears that all eX-
tensions have been done by outside con-
tracts.
In recent. years the Department of
Electricity has been created by the
tty appointed. and Mr.. Thompson elect
ed city Electrician. a separate position
which, by the way. pays an entirely
separate salary AS City Electrician
Mr.. Thompson has under him two in
spectors, VINO pass on plans for cleo
permits before current can be turned
on.
No Relation to Electric Plant.
Except as adviser TO the Committee
on Electricity, Mr.. Thompson has had
no relation to the municipal electric
plant, the committee having retained
Consulting Engineer e w Trafford to
draw the plans tor that plant. and
mas recently employed him at $500 per
month TO start operation, pending the
election of a permanent superintend-
ent, Several members of the Council
nave expressed the View that the whole
Department of Electricity should be
reused into an independent office, the
chief of which would have general dt-
rection of the municipal plant. the
granting OF permits for all wirizp, and
nave supervision of fire alarm and po-
ice telegraph wires and of the cleo
triG wiring and fittings Of all public
oullalnss' with such assistants, in
spectors and deputies as might be nee
esSary.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28
EA1:5:!|!;HalsllE zIsSl!a:Is
clared in favor of the Instruments of
strike and "sabotage"

In France the term Sabotage" has
come to Indicate organized acts of vio-
lence, such as the destruction or Grip
ping of machinery or other property,
in order to force suspension OF work.
As adopted in Italy it is probable that
the word is used In the sense of to
harass" the authorities in their efforts
to restorA communication over rail
way line,N the employees of which are
on Sfrike
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28

[speclN-to Tine TImes-DlspAIch.I .
West Point. Va. December 27.-Mrs
j. e. Bland the widow of DR.. j II
Bland. formerly OF King and Queen:
West Point. died suddenly last night
at her home She dined with her son.
Ned Bland, In his home YESTERDAY, and
was quite we'll She was Miss Cathe-
rinc Corr. OF King and Queen She
will he buried at the old Church, that
county. tomorrow at II o'clock. Mrs,
Bland leaves two sons-J. r. and
Samuel T., of West Point. and five
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Abrams and
Kerr. of Essex county; Mrs. Leweliyn
Courtney. OF King and Queen and
Misses Mamie and Maud. of West
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28
Succeeds His Father.

Especial to The Times Dispatch
Norfolk Va. December 27.-Council
tonight elected Harry oliver Nichols
to the position OF high constable of
Norfolk made vacan, recently by the
death of his father, II. D. Nichols.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28


where the sheriff had kept him under
lock, and placed him aboard the spe-
cial train on which they had arrived
and sped off TO Clarksburg.
Weston, W. Va, December ga
large mob is besieging the local rail-
way station tonight to prevent sherifs
from removing William Furby, colored.
to the prison at Clarksburg. State
troops are reported on their way from
Clarksburg by special train to prevent
"a lynching. At Furby's trial this after
noon, Flora Anglin. farmers daugh-
ter, declared she was the victim of
three criminal attacks at his hands
The appearance of Mr. Anglin. the
father of Miss Anglin, an aged man
with long gray whiskers, upon the
platform of the station, telling the
crowd that the story of his daughter
was true as steel, set the mob wild
with excitement
Prosecuting Attorney Swint, upon a
truck on the depot platform, made con-
tinued attempts to appeal to the peo-
pie, but the truck was drawn from be-
meath him and the crowd yelled him
down. The officials were wholly I'M
able to cope with the situation.
At 715 the mob burst open the door
and Their prisoner had locked them
selves in. All the window lights We're
broken and the mob demanded the
Negroes life. But the latter was pushed
into the concealed vault of the express
company for safekeeping, where he had
hardly breath of air. An appeal to
Governor Glasscock at Charleston for
State troops was followed Immediately
by an order for the mobilization of the
militia at Clarksburg, Grafton and
Parkersburg and their dispatch here
by special train. Until the arrival of
the militia it was necessary to confne
the negro TO the airless vault Al
though that might mean death to him
from suffocation, it was considered a
greater peril to release him while the
mob's frenzy was at such a height.
After the negro's trial this afternoon
he was held by the grand jury without
bail to answer to the charge of assault
girl took the stand herself after all
other witnesses and spectators Were
excluded from the courtroom, and told
how Furby attacked her while she was
from the dairy on her
fathers farm last Saturday night
While she struggled he dragged her
fully three hundred yards, and he was
in the alleged act of numbering her
by strangulation when a, railroad flag
man came running to her rescue. The
negro ran to a horse tied up nearby
and made off, but the animal fell,
the rider. His shoulder was
dislocated, and he was easily captured
Following the trial, mob collected
at the courthouse and demanded the
negro. but with the organization of a
large squad of special deputies and
the regular force, Sheriff Perry c. Al
fred succeeded in getting his man to
the railroad station. planning to take
the $3.50 train for Clarksburg. The
train was an hour late, however, and
the mob meanwhile grew to such pro-
portions that when the train did arrive
the authorities We're unable to carry
out their plans.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28
Hated Abraham lincoln.

Tho veteran liked to tell a story
about an encounter with President Lin
Washington Navy Yard. Strict orders
had been given to Mccartney, who was
on guard at the Anacostin bridge. to
permit no one TO cross the bridge with
out proper credentials. When Lincoln
came along Mccartney stopped him
Got to have passport to come In
here" he explained. The President.
who was wearing his famous top hat,
didn't expostulate He sent for IL pass
port and waited until 1t arrived. Then
Mccartney stepped back and saluted
when he was handed the paper in
structing him to pass the President
of the United States" He said he
knew IT was old Abe" but his orders
We're strict.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28

home here to-day of paralysis. aged
seventysix years. Her life was spent
doing good for others. She belonged
to many churches and charitable or
CARNATIONS. Two brothers, Robert II.
and ID. H. Knox. and one sister, Mrs. w.
Eustace Moncure. survive.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28
THE WEATHER.

Forecast: For NirsinIn-Rain and
warmer Wednesday,; Thursday rain, ex-
cept snow and colder In the noun
taius, colder Thursday night; moderate
houtheast to south winds.
North Carolina-Itain and warmer
Wednesdayt Thursday rain, colder In
the Interior, moderat. east to south
winds.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28
.HOOKWORM'S RAVAGES
CHECKED IN PORTO RICO
Announcement Made by Major Ash
ford. In Chnrse of Hospital
mt San Junn.

New York, December 27.-Afajor
Bailey X. Ashford. who since 1908 has
been in charge of the marine hospital
at San Juan, Porto Rico, and whose
fight against the hookworm disease
brought him national notice, is in New
York for a brief vacation.
Porto Rico has checked the hook
worms ravages," he reported on ar
rival. and the big reduction in the
death rate seems to Indicate that the
disease Will soon be robbed of all ter
rors.
Act Upon Governors Suggestion.
Governor Hunt recommended the
passage of a hill appropriating S5,00h
for the study and treatment OF the dis
ease in Porto Rico. A commission was
appointed and the fight really began.
At first 1T had only a handful OF
friends. Now we have our hospitals
organized. the disease is recognized,
and the emasures that we have per-
fected have prevented irnumerable
deaths But when we declared al first
that the manifestations OF hunger was
due to parasite, the press was In
credulous, and it was the sufferers
themselves who gave us chance TO
prove our case. They We're so utterly
miserable that they eagerly accepted
every promise to help them we made.
Since 1904 there have been 100000
cases of hookworm on the island The
coffee districts appear to be the most
in fected -
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28
TWAS THE CREAM or WIT
Soda Fountain Girl Bottled Tn the
Fresh Drummer.

Winsted. Conn, December GA
drummer approached a girl in charge
OF a soda fountain in Willimant!c, and
before giving his order asked: How
Is the milkmaid tonight"
MIX isn't made; 1t comes from COWS,
you 1901. was the retort. He was
glad to close his mouth with some of II
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28
MANY NEW CASES


Hardin, Manchuria December 27.-
SlNtS-elght new cases of bubonic
plague We're discovered in the Chinese
suburb of Fudziadian yesterday. Sew
enteen deaths occurred from the dis
ease, on the previous dag the death
ilst numbered twenty three, and nine
N-elght persons suffering with the
disease We're taken to the hospital.
In Hardin there have been eleven
fatal cases of nubonic plague
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28

official. During the war he was super
intendent of the factory which fur
nished the harness to the Confederate
army. He is survived by three sons
Cary Figg. auditor of the Southern
Railway. with Offices in Washington;
l.. C. Figg, Jr., and Clarence Figg.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28
TIDE TABLE.

December "a, 1910
Mofn!hG ads Observation-Disclosures. lss4
/ EYeaiaG il9s.s...s. ..,.,i.....s.., z;i1.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28

the city employees of the company
have put in number of private and
house telephones and private tele-
phones aud call bell systems III various
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28
NIrs. Mary Frnnces rhIIIIps.
[Eneclal Al rhn TIrnns. nlsnntch

Especial TO Tho Times. Dispatch.l
Harrisonburg. Va, December H.
Mrs Mary Frances Phillips. ffty-eight
years old. died yesterday near Oak
Grove, Rockingham county. She leaves
eight children. including Mrs Elsie
Good. of Great Falls. Va, and several
brothers. including David oRoark OF
L ON
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-12-28
Farmer S Business

We give particular attention to tho
business of farmers. We cordially
invite them to make this bank their
banking house. We have prepared
comprehensive booklet, Banking by
Mall" which we will be glad to send
on request. Every requirement has
been met for the satisfactory trans
action of business.