The Yale expositor., 1910-05-13

mercenary armies by which they were
plundered Gradually this has all changed.
until now practically every army Is q
citizen army, and the mercenary has al
most disappeared, while the army exists
on vaster scale than ever before In his
tory. This Is so among the military mon
arches of Europe.
In our own Civil war of the United
States the same thing occurred, peaceful
people as we are. At that time more than
two generations had passed since the
War OF Independence. During the whole
of that period the people had been en-
gagged I'm no life-and-death struggle; ana
yet, when the Civil war broke out, ana
after some costly and bitter lessons at
the beginning. the fighting spirit OF the
people was shown to better advantage
than ever before. The war was peculiar
ly-S wer for a principle, war waged
py-Sach side for an ideal, and while faults
and shortcomings were plentiful among
the combatants, there was comparatively
little sordidness OF motive or conduct. In
such a giant struggle, where across the
warp OF so many interests Is shot the
woof of so many purposes. dark strands
and bright. strands somber and brilliant,
are always intertwined; inevitably there
was corruption here and there in the Civil
war; but all the leaders on both sides,
and the great majority OF the enormous
masses OF fighting men, wholly disre-
pecuniary considerations.
Wealth and Politics.
Another striking contrast in the course
OF modern civilization as compared with
the later stages of the Graeco-Roman or
classic civilization is to be found In the
relations of wealth and politics. In clas-
sic times, as the civilization advanced to-
ward its zenith, politics became recog-
nized means OF accommodating great
In nd n
the verge OF bankruptcy; he spent an
enormous fortune; and he recouped HIM
self by the money which he made out or
his political-military career. Augustus es-
tablished imperial Rome on firm founda-
tions by the use he made of the huge
fortune he had acquired by plunder What
n contrast Is offered by the careers OF
Washington and Lincolnl There were
few exceptions In ancient days: but the
immense majority OF the Greeks and the
Romans, as their civilizations eliminated.
accepted money making on large scale
as one of the incidents OF a successful
public career. Now all OF this is In sharp
contrast TO what has happened within
the last two or three centuries. During
this time there has been a steady growth
away from the theory that money-making
is permissible In an honorable public ca
rcer
In this respect the standard has been
statesmen had no hesitation in doing
three centuries or two centuries ago, and
which did not seriously hurt a public ca
reer even a century ago. are now utterly
impossible. Wealthy men still exercise q
large and sometimes an improper, iniiu-
ence in politics. but 1t is apt 10 be an In
direct influence and in the advanced
states the mere suspicion that the wealth
OF public men is obtained or added TO as
an Incident of their public careers will
bar them from public life. Speaking
generally. wealth may very greatly infiu-
ence modern political life. but II Is not ac-
quired in political life.
Optimistic fer the Future.
Mr. Roosevelt called attention TO
the fact that hitherto every civiliZa-
tion that has arisen has been able to
develop only few activities, its field
of endeavor being limited in kind as
we'll as in locality, and each of these
civilizations has fallen. What is the
lesson to us of today? he asked. VIII
the crash come, and be all the more
terrible because of the immense in
crease in activities and area? To this
he replied:
Personally, I do not believe that our
civilization will fall. think that on the
whole we have grown better and not
worse. l think that on the whole the fu-
ture holds more for us than even the
great past has held. But, assuredly. the
dreams of golden glory in the future will
not come true unless, high of heart and
strong of hand, by our own mighty deeds
we make them come true. We cannot af-
ford to develop any one set of qualities.
any one set of activities, at the cost OF
seeing others equally necessary, afro
10 n
the Mongol. the extraordinary business
| ability OF the Phoenician. nor the subtle
| and polished intellect of the Greek availed
| 10 avert destruction.
We, the men of today and OF the fu-
| ture need many qualities II we are to do
our work well. We need. first of all and
most important of ALL the qualities which
| stand at the base of individual, of family
| life, the fundamental and essential quail
| ties-the homely, everyday, all-important
| virtues. IL the average man will not
work. II he has not In him the will and
| the power TO be a good husband and IA
| ther; II the average woman Is not good
| housewife. n good mother of many
healthy children, then the state will top
| pie, will go down, no matter what may
be its brillance OF artistic development
or material achievement But these home-
ly qualities are not enough. There must,
| in addition, be that power OF organization,
that power of working In common for a
common end, which the German people
have shown in such signal fashion during
| the last half-century. Moreover, the
| things of the spirit are even more impor-
| tant than the things OF the body We can
well do without the hard intolerance and
arid intellectual barrenness of what was
| worst in the theological systems OF the
| past, but there has never been a greater
need OF a high and fine religious spirit
| than at the present time. So while we
can laugh good-humoredly at some OF
the pretensions OF modern philosophy in
its various branches, IL would be worse
than folly on our part TO ignore our need
| of intellectual leadership
Must steer Middle Course.
Never has philanthropy. humanitarian
ism, seen such development as now; and
though we must all beware OF the folly
and the viciousness no worse than folly
which marks the believer in the perfec'
tibility OF man when his heart runs away
with his head, or when vanity usurps the
| place of conscience, yet we must remem.
ber also that II is only by working along
the lines laid down by the philanthropists
by the lovers OF mankind. that we car
be sure of lifting our civilization to 9