Baxter Springs news. [volume] (Baxter Springs, Kan.) 1882-1919, 1910-10-06

such an important adjunct Of forest
guardianship, are near the summit OF
some peak, from which view can be
had over many0miles Of woodland.
In the early part Of the year, be-
fore the rains cease and the ground
dries out, these rangers and wardens
are employed at ordinary duties
through the forest, repairing trails,
establishing telephone lines, watching
for careless campers and lumbermen,
cleaning up dangerous underbrush
and the like. AS the dry season adj
vances and the conditions develop
that are especially favorable to for
est fires, these men become the
'lookouts" of the forest protection
force. Day and night they scan the
distant horizon with strong glasses,
for traces Of smoke or reflected
flames. In the woods, from such an
eminence. q fire may be seen for
miles, and the first traces Of It may
be detected by these lookouts long
before It would be observed from
rangers cabin much closer to the
scene.
Men and Money Needed
It is to cope with such conditions
that the forest service is asking for
more men and better organization OF
the forests. At present the men on
the hilltop stations use methods as
primitive. as those Of the Indians to
flash the news of a forest FIRE to dis
tant stations where help can be So
cured. Often there IL no telephone
at the mountain lookout station; or
no telephone connection to other
points where rangers and fire ward
ems are supposed to be on duty.
smoke signals such as the Indians
used, made with q blanket over q
smoldering fire. or pillars Of smoke
or fame from q number Of fires, con-
stitute the methods Of communica'
ton used by many Of the forest ranger
stations, and with which all Of the
men In the woods are expected to be
familiar.
The heliograph, flashing the light
Of the sun; flag signals such as are
used in the army, and other systems
of signaling, also are used. In some
places where a small settlement ex'
lists near the fire lookout, unique
means of summoning aid is used. A
small windmill is erected at the look
out station, equipped with a revolv'
ing ball in which mirrors are set at
evary angle. The Waterman who dis.
covers traces of a distant fire. sets
his windmill in motion If the day Is
bright, and departs at once for the
scene Of the fire, secure In the knowE
edge that the signal will call to his
aid every man who sees the flashing
mirrors.
To get rid Of the fire causes Is the
first lesson taught the forest guard
ians. and the end toward which the
forest service is constantly working.
The origins Of fires in the woods are
roughly classified as follows:
Sparks from locomotives, sparks
from sawmiIls and donkey engines
used in forest operations, camp fires
not properly safeguarded or extin'
guished, the burning Of brush to clear
land, the burning of grass to i'm.
prove pasturage, carelessness Of
smokers and hunters, incendiarism
and lightning.
From the last there can be little
protection except equipment to hight
the flames as soon as they make
their appearance, From every other
cause. however, the standing forests
Of America can be fairly well pro
tected with proper equipment and
funds.
WAYS Of Fighting 5lazes.
The firemen Of the woods learn
that the night is the best time for
their fight. The damp air retards the
prorress OF the blaze. A fire that win
sweep ten or twelve miles in the day
time win eat It's way slowly at night
when there Is little breeze and tbs
air is heavy. Then the ire fighters
attack II with all the energy they
possess, and often bring 1t within con
troll. .,
The forest IRE win burn up hin with
such rapidly that no strategy OF the
FIRE lighters can cope with It. Sweep
ing from the bottom OF canyon, OF
The foot of a hill, it--rushes up the
slope like a hot blaze up chimney
carrying the fire to the top In an In
eredibly short time. Once at the sum
NIT Of the hill. the IRE burns more
slowly descending the other side, aid
the FIRE lighters have an opportunity
70 dig trenches. cut IRE lines and pre-
pare other defenses 70 head II on and
stop It.
The source Of the greatest danger
- forssts Il the presence OF dry tops
and piles Of br1sh len BIZ lumbermer
ara s. 0,e Tind'rlls o. beafy storms