davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-03-19
THE C0WPEA.
Can Be Planted Between Corn Rows.
Its Value.

From the Indiana Farmer.
The cowpea is one of the sturdiest and
most valuable representatives Of the re-
markable family of legumes which pos
sess the faculty of obtaining large
amounts Of nitrogen from the air. There
is no danger, by the way, of exhausting
this supply, for over every acre. including
the ocean, is enough nitrogen to produce
a one-hundred- bushel crop of grain every
year for at least 100000 years. The cow
pea has an especial advantage over some
other legumeS in being able to grow from
the start upon new land, without inOcu-
lation, with the bacteria which live upon
the roots and through whose activities
it secures the nitrogen from the air. Much
trouble is reported on some soils in get
ting alfalfa, soy beans and some other
crops properly provided with bacteria,
but never with the coWpea.
The Kansas experiment station has for
a number of years planted cowpeas be-
tween the corn rows at the last cultiva-
ton. They have usually, made fair
growth II there was sufficient moisture.
The next important point brought out,
how over is. that there seems to have
sulting from the practice; rather. i'll most
seasons. the result has been an increased
yield of corn in the fields in which the
cowpeas were planted. i In comparative
averages of -five-year-O1d yields of corn
planted alone and corn planted with cow
peas at the last cultivation the figures
were A bushels against 471a bushels
an acre in favor of the corn with the
cowpeas planted between. Here was
net gain Of 31a bushels an acre of corn
year, besides the value Of the cowpea
crop. So. 81
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-03-19
Meaning Of the Willow Pattern.


The willow pattern is a Chinese design
and very ancient. dating probably as far
back as the thirteenth century: less than
two centuries later 1t was reproduced in
the potteries Of Holland. This pattern is
very complicated design, containing
many figures in small space. In the fore
ground is palatial building around
which cluster impossible trees laden with
flowers and fruit.
Close by is lake, an inlet from which
is spanned by a bridge. over which hang
the dropping limbs Of willow tree. and
far out in the lake is household. Three
figures are passing over the bridge, while
high UP in the air a pair Of billing and
cooling doves are suspended. The imag-
mary legend of the willow pattern design
is said to be as follows:
nobleman living In the palace had a
fair daughter who had fallen in love with
youth of low degree. One night, with
the help Of ladder, the youth abducted
the willing maiden, and the. somewhat
shapeiess figures on the bridge are sup
posed to represent the fleeing damsel car
rying her bundle Of finery, the daring
lover, bearing the ladder. and the irate
father, having in his hand an instrument
Of cast.gation.
The boat in the distance is meant to
represent the agent in the escape OF the
devoted lovers from the wrath of the an
cry parent, while the doves overhead
symbolic the fact that they married and
lived happily ever after. in the manner OF
the usual mythical tale.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-03-19
THE SUBWAY GYMNASIUM.
Exercise the Guard Gets While Per
forming His Duty.


There must be lots Of exercise" said
the subway traveller, 'in the work of a
subway guard. At every station he las to
pull down on the handles that open the
doors. The guard has to lift his arm to
ring the bell to give the go ahead signal
and that brings into play another set Of
muscles. Muscle development depends
upon the doing over and over again OF
some feat, and / should imagine that the
duties of a subway guard would bring
him into the class of men doing exer-
else.
Take, for instance, a man who is on
train that runs from Van Cortlandt
Park to Brooklyn. as some might do. In
the course Of his trip, which doesn't last
much over an hour ordinarily. he works
the gates twenty-eight times. Judged by
the effort that it seems to be to some of
the men to get the gates open, they should
build up their muscles those in the Shout
ders particularly.
There Is another thing about subway
guards that l have watched with interest.
Sometimes when a train is fairly empty
/ stand up In the aisle axld look down
get good view of each man as he waits
for the signal from the car behind his.
X is interesting to watch the reactions
that is how soon after the signal sounds
the guard is able to. pass it on to the next
car.
1.-The difference between the men In the
matter of speed with which their minds
realize the signal and urge the hand to
make 1t in turn for the next man Is as
pronounced as is the quckness of reaction
In sprinters. The man who leaves his
mark fast In a race probably would be
able TO pick up the signal as some OF
them do, getting the sound OF 1t almost
before it has begun and working the pull
for the next man.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-03-19
CADETS NOT ALL SILENT.
Plan to Show Dislike of Officer
Proves a. Fizzle.

ANNAPOLIS. Nd, March 19.-An at
tempt was made at supper formation at
the Naval Academy last evening to treat
the officer in charge to a. Silence" which
is their method of showing their disap-
probation of the officer over them at that
time.
The midshipmen at the bottom of the
affair endeavored to have all the members
of the brigade refrain from talking dur
ing the whole of the supper, but. it is
stated, the affair was not a complete sue
cess. as a number of midshipmen at the
table where the officer in charge was
seated continued their conversation. Tn
der academic traditions. this prevents the
procedure from being complete.
This method of showing their dislike is
occasionally attempted by the midship-
men. Though insubordnate in spirit, it is
very difficult for the authorities to visit
any punishment. as any midshipman sin
gied out can say that he refrained from
talking because he had nothing particular
to say. Nothing very definite is alleged
against the officer connected with the af-
fair.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-03-19
Cooperation in England.
49,, 0;o~F~ uo-l1

The vitality of the cooperative move
ment in England, which took its rise
many years ago in a small way at Roch
dale continues undminished. The growth
of the movement is shown strikingly BY
the fact that while in 1883 there were Is
societies doing a business of
$Ts2, 205 at profit of $500. In 1908 there
were liz such societies, doing a business
OF S20.5lO.OC9 at profit of SSS.s90.
Although in the last FIVE years there
has been decline in the number Of
societies from 125 to H. there has been
an increase in the volume of business
transacted. and in resulting profits.
Copartnership in housing is also grow
ing very popular in England. In 1906
there were three tenant societies with
capital of $499, 128, which in that year ex-
pended S2400;iS on building. while in 1905
the number of these concerns had trebled
and the sum of S729.99 was expended on
building.
Through these societies mechanics. ar
tisans and clerks are enabled to secure
homes, and at the same time the habit
of thrift is strongly inculcated.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-03-19
Suez Canal Shares.
rmm Tit.R;t,


The most eventful incident in the career
of Frederick Greenwood, the first editor
OF the Pail Mall Gazette. who died few
days ago, was the manner in which he
enabled this country to acquire the Suez
canal shafes. One day a gentleman
walked into his ofiice and informed him
that he had a. secret Of national impor-
lance to reveal-at a price. Terms were
arranged, and a most important secret
was divulged. Printed and published, Il
would at once have created tremendous
sensation and have swollen the circula-
ton of his paper enormously. But Mr..
Greenwood had a higher regard for his
country than for his own pocket. The
knowledge he had obtained was of the
utmost Importance to the government,
and he therefore sacrificed his paper to
his patriotism, Crossing over to Down.
ing street he was soon ,cioseted with the
premier. who listened with rapt attention
while the editor unfolded the unsupported
fact that the. French government was in
negotiation for the buying up of all the
Suez canal shares. The result of the
interview was that our government set
to work, forestalled France, and bought
up the shares at the cost OF four millions
sterling Today those shares are worth
twenty four millions. to say nothing of
the power and prestige which are ours
in consequence OF their possession.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-03-19
The Oldest Army Officer.
From the New York Evening Post.

From the New York Evening Post.
Since the death Of Brig. Gen. Daniel H.
Rucker who was the oldest officer on
the retired list Of the army, Lieut.. Col.
Frank Bridgman has that distinction.
July 10 next Lieut.. Col. Bridgman will
be ninety years old. He entered the
volunteers as an additional paymaster. in
September, 1851, and was not mustered
out until January, 1859. He was then
army, retiring in 1884. and was given
the rank Of lieutenant colonel i'm 1904. He
is now at Coronado Beach. Cal Chap
lain David Wills is the next oldest officer
eighty-eighth birthday January last.
Brig. Gen. Robert Murray comes next.
having been born August 6, 1922, and
then Brig. Gen. Luther B. Bradley, born
in point of age: Brig: Gen. Peter ].
Osterhaus, January 4. 1923: Col. Henry
1. Chapman. February /. 1923: Brig. Gen.
Henry B. Darlington, March 2. 1874;
Chaplain Daniel kendig, November 10.
1924; Col Benjamin c. Card, February
10, 1925; Maj. George II. Mclaughlin,
...arch II, 1925; Brig: Gen. David L..
Bancroft, June Il, 1925; Brig: Gen.
Maj. Gen. Daniel e. Sickes. October 90
1925. and Capt. Thomas B. Briggs. No
vember Is. 1925.
There are only two Mexican war vet
Grams in the above list-Gen. Murray and
Capt. Briggs Soon after being appointed
an assistant surgeon in June, 1s46. Gen.
Murray was sent to California, being
stationed at Los Angeles, Monterey and
Camp Far West. until October, 1850.
when he returned east. Capt. Briggs
served as private in the 4th Illinois
Volunteer Infantry. commanded by Col
f. D. Baker, from June II, 1916. until
May. %. 1s47. He participated in the
battles Of Vera Cruz and Cerro Gordo
Capt. Briggs also served in the volunteers
throughout the civil war. and was placed
on TIE retired list, while first lieutenant
in the 14th Infantry, in 1883.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-03-19
WHAT rs A GENTLEMAN.
Selections From a Small Dictionary
of Quotations or Prejudices.

From the New York Sun.
What is a gentleman? Clarendon. the
historian, affirmed: IF a Scotchman
could have either courage or honesty he
might be something of a man. Yet
Providence owed the world some COM
pensation for Carnegie.
Cromwell called Irishmen 1.-The bribing-
est men I ever knew
Goethe said: Der Highlander list eigent-
LIGHT ohne intelligenz." and an Englishman
has been known to say: Il have nc
prejudices, but 1 do hate German"
A Frenchman is "a person, generally
decorated. who ignores geography"
A German is like an oyster, all stom-
acI and no heart, which explains why
the nation Is so bellicose.
In Austria, said Windischgraz, linen
below the rank of baron do not count. .
A gentleman might perhaps be Span
lard, for Lord Dundonald, when he cap
tured a JO0-ton man-of-war with his fifty
ton brig, told his fallen foe The had
fought his ship like gentleman and a
Spaniard.'
Sydney Smith in 1927 apologized for
passing night at q bankers country
place.
Fielding speaks of brokers and other
thieves of this kind
their knowledge was confined to the
corrupt part Of human nature"
SanchO Panza declared: There are
but two ineages in the world As my
grandmother used to say. the HAYES and
the Havenots, and she stuck to the
Haves.''
Izaak Walton may be the best judge:
Il would rather prove myself a gentle
man by being learned and humble, val
liant and inoffensive, virtuous and COM
municable, than by any fond ostentation
of riches, or, wanting these virtues my
self. boast that these were in my an
cestors."
Certainly the man was not gentleman
who took out policy against fire for his
wife when she merely wanted an an
nunity. She was justified in her divorce.
"Viveur'' writes recalling the old Ken
lucky definition: "A gentleman always
turns Ids head when his guest is pouring a
drink Chester A. Arthur. a noble and
accomplished gentleman in all ways. add
ed this detail: "A gentleman never sees
friend drunk Worthy place in this
little collection Of wet niceties'' is tlse
historic awakening of the Highlander to
the underbred character of a neighbor
will We take drap?' said he. 81 will. .
said I; Tell me when to stap.'. said he.
"Stap," said land he slapped. tell
We, Sandy. the mons no gentleman.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-03-19
5000 Things Edison Won't Do.

From the -Bookkeeper.
Mr.. Edison is still busy with his new
storage battery which he claims Will solve
the traction question. In his experiments
with these batteries Mr. Edison has had
men at work for years with patience
unparalleled.
More than half ton of reports on ex-
periments with batteries have been made.
Two OF his best men had to give up the
work because of its amending monotony
to save themselves from a nervous break
down.
The work was continued night and day
for more than three years. and more than
5000 experiments were made without OBJ
tanning the results which Mr.. Edison
wanted.
a visitor to whom this was told ex-
clamed: Then all those experiments
were practically wasted" Not at ALL
said Mr.. Edison; II now know 1900 things
not to do
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-03-19
Extreme Egotism.

From the Atchison Globe.
Some men have such an exaggerated
notion of their own Importance they
think they should be promoted fast enough
for their salaries to keep up with the
increased cost of living.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-03-19
Proof to the Contrary.

From the Chicago Tribune
How queer YOU New Engianders talk"
I'm what way, may / ask ?
lyon don't sound Your r..
WHY, what mistaken idearr
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-03-19
After the Leap.
q Chicago Tribune.

From the Chicago Tribune.
This" remarked the newly arrived
spirit. looking around with strong disap-
prevail lis absolutely the jumping-on
place.
NO. II isn't exactly that" said Pluto.
with a cleaning smile. This Is where
YOU landed"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-03-19
Bitter Cold.

From the Chicago Reeord-Herald.
$50 she treated you coidly?"
Cody? Say, I'd have had to have a
sextant and an artificial horizon to be
able to find out what latitude I was In
IL I had been there for that purpose"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-03-19
CONGRESSMAN IN TOWN.
From lists on file at the Senate and House
post Offices.
Streets northwest unless otherwise stated
Senator'S.
SHERMAN. JAMES s
Streets northwest unless

SHERMAN. JAMES s.. n. Y. Vice rres;oen..
1401 18th ST.
AIDRIcH. NELSON W.. R. l.. 1877 Mass. ave.
BACON. AUGUSTUS o.. Ga. 1879 Oregon ave.
gAMKHEAD, JOHN H. Ala Rigss III House =.
BORAH WILLIAM E.. Idaho. .stcneieigh Court
RR IRA D.E WifIiAM O.. KY. East Capitol St
BRANDEGEE. FRANK b., Conn. .I52l st.
RkIss tf fosEra n L. Kan. gsss 18Th St
sSRshf s s. sis ~
HEXEs E. Mieb Mass sss
SHhMREk ass GEORGE E.. Ore i S,S s.
CLARK. CfAREScE D.. wyo. The Burlington
CIARKh JAMES r. ARK; ESl,t House
ckASE: v AHRkSI :. Mass. 1915 ia M..@ ave
SUFFERS SH r. Ts. Tss ss: .s.
CpMINs ~, AL RI e e. Iowa 1921 oa ,sth St.
DAVIS. JEFF. Ark 1912 2lst st.
BEw tnah 6ss SssI Adam. M, so :.
BkSGHAM WILLIAM F. E 5ta a.
ri; rONT: Henry A., Del. :. I'M Mass. ave.
FRS EESH FSAT SY s. S.i r. sSs Mass Mas: ~:
FOSTER MURPHY J.. La
FRAZIER. JAMES B., Tenn. The Cochran
ERIE M1 3sc6B H. Me- Il: H " .ss
GAMBLE. ROBERT J.. s. D. The Portlend
a9 eee soS. so ssSsr 1sss E!
H EYE K M3 as idaho a ss Court
HUGHES; CHARLES !; coI: 80. New Willard
Jones. WESLEY l.. wash. The Northumberland
IA fSL LETT RoRERT 1854 woo ase:
LODGE HENRY CABOT Mass Tres Mass ave.
E1EMEE w pnk4 NJ ,h. 0 sas
McENERY; SAMUEL D.; La. Metropolitan Hotel
ASSES HhSSSspS II. c y: a,:s, ::
SE"FASps' FRANCIS ' w Seddsss' woodlsr lane
SIT1M GEORGE E M.s wil a1e
o oSsAA kSnEk F sonslss s0s eeass
P As ekh FaoMss IT. Ky 1874 saas
PERkIss G s G. Cal .stoassiss S eoars
F P{ss; SAH &iIa ~ E.'s: os''.,'
sIGHARIsoN; HAIRY A.. Del. New willard
SCOTT. S1THAN 3: W. Va: .... New willard
s sM,M9 yh Eee aoI,n m0 0s
Smith. join WAITER. Md. : W. '''''''
Union Trust buiidine.. Baltimore: SD.
STEPHENSON. ISAAC. wis " The Shoreham
STONE. WILLIAM T.. Mo.
TAIIAFFRRo. JAMES p. F7a. -. The Raleigh
T11IMsS h RES5aIS nR s.onssssG Ralfear
W WARkE MILAN MILAN ~ wyo New n w Gs'Ts
wETMORE. GEORGE p. R. I....... 1909 K st.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-03-19
Strictly Up-to-D Date.
From Harper's Bapar.

From Harpers Banar.
Customer-Is this an up-to-date DOLL?
Clerk-Yes. madam: 1t says Votes for
women"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-03-19

1t matters little what 1t is that you
want-whether a situation or a servant
a want ad In The Star will reach the
person who will ill your need.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-03-19

II you want work read the want col
umns Of The Star.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-03-19
Delegates.

ANDREWS, WILLIAM H., n. NJ. The Shoreham
CAMERON. RALPH H.. AriZ. The Dop Carlos
KALAMAZOO. J. X. Hawaii The Arlington
WICKERSHAM,' JAMES, Alaska. New yarpum
Resident Commissioners.
LARRINAGA, TULIO, Porto Rico
s.kAsARDA. BENITO, Philippine Islands.
QUEZ0N, MANUEL L., Philippine Islands.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-02-07
THE POLICY
OF GEORGE DOAK
Insurance Company Trying to Locate
Man Who Has $500 Coming
to Him, II Dead.

If George Doak is dead, let him arise
from his grave and accept check for
$500, with interest since 1869. Or If
he cannot come back to life, let his
heirs come forward and fight for the
money.
The Aetna Life Insurance company
has written to it's local agents, Max
we'll & Tumelty, asking them to try
and locate Doak or his heirs, for there
is a $500 paid-up policy to his credit
which the company desires to settle
up The company desires to know
whether Doak is alive or not, and if
dead, to pay the, claim
The following information is given:
George Doak took out the policy on
March 81, 1866; and it lapsed in 1863
becoming a paid-up policy, subject to
premium notes and interest. He was
a carpenter and was born in ireland
on July "a, 1928. DR.. Freeman Knowles
examined him and ne had wife and
children, one brother and three sis
tiers living in Keokuk at that time
John Hunter was agent of the com
pany then.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-02-07
Acted Voluntarily.

Since leaving the navy nearly four
years ago Hoyey has been living in
Keokuk and could have maintained his
residence here indefinitely in all prob.
ability, had he not chosen to give
himself up. This he did several days
ago, going voluntarily to the Office OF
United States Deputy Marshal Dunlap
in the federal building and stating to
the officer that he wanted to give him
self up. Marshal Dunlap immediate
~ wired to the navy headquarters at
Norfolk, Virginia. stating the case
very briefly and asking for orders. A
telegram was received Friday telling
him to wire the war department at
Washington. This he did and Sunday
he received the telegram and tickets
for himself and Hovey, good for
transportation to Norfolk, to where
he was requested to bring the young
man.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-02-07
MORE ENGINEERS
ARRIVED TODAY
H. D. Juison Returned to the City
This Morning From ST. Louis
Accompanied by Brothers.

Engineer H. d. Judson and assist
ant r. NJ. Barker of st. Louis, the
two engineers who arrived here last
week to take levels of the proposed
track site for the K line north of the
city, returned this morning from st.
Louis where they spent Sunday.
Engineer Judson was accompanied by
two other surveying engineers, Geo.
P. Large of st. Joe and H. J. Joers OF
ST. Louis.
After making their surveys and tax
ing levels, reports will be sent into
headquarters by the engineering corps
of their findings, and after COMPARE
son of notes, the officials of the road
will decide where the road bed is to
be.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-02-07

Munyon's Paw Paw Pills coax the liver
into activity by gentle methods They do
not scour, grippe or weaken. They are a
tonic to the stomach, liver and nerves:
iayigorate instead of weaken. They en-
rich the blood and enable the stomach TO
get all the nourlshment from food that is
put into 1t. These pills contain no calo-
mel; they are soothing, healing and slim
rlating. For sale by all druggists In Toe
and 25c sizes. If you need medical adj
vice, write Munyon's Doctors. They viii
advise to the best OF their ability abso-
jsteiy Tree OF sharge, MUNYON'S. SD
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-02-07
All Physicians

Must prescribe some Of the In.
gradients that are contained In
hoods Sarsapariila : for all trou-
bies Of the blood; stomach, kid
neys and liver.
They include sarsaparilla, stillingia,
yellow dock, gentian, wild cherry bark,
mandrake, dandelion, juniper berries,
pipsissewa, etc.
The combination and proportions are
our own formula and give power to cure
beyond the reach of any other prescrip-
ton or substitute. That's why it is
wise to get Hoods and only Hoods.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-02-07
JACK TAR" GOES
BACK TO navy
Sailor Who Took "French Leave"
Nearly Four Years Ago Bids
Goodbye to keokuk This
Afternoon.
CASE is INTERESTING
George M. Hovey Voluntarily Has
United States Deputy Marshal
Dunlap Take Him to
Norfolk.

In the custody of United States
Deputy Marshal A. D. Dunlap. George
NJ. Hovey, who took French leave"
from the United States navy in May,
1906. left for Norfolk, West Virginia.
this afternoon going via ST. Louis.
and will be turned over by the federal
officer to navy authorities aboard the
United States training ship Franklin.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-02-07
Has recommendations

When George M. Hovey left Keokuk
this afternoon he carried twelve let
tiers of recommendation from the fol,
lowing men of the city: Postmaster
S, w. Moorbead, Mayor Chas. Off,
Deputy Marshal Jerry Harrington,
Senator q. P. McManus, Sheriff J. 7.
iCrimmins, Justice John Leindecker,
Judge w. L. Mcnamara, Justice James
S. Burrows, Smith Bros. Grocery store
Street Commissioner James H. Farrell
Samuel c. Westcott and A. q. Henne.
man. The recommendations are to
the character of the young man and
also go to show that he has never
been arrested or convicted of any
felony A man leaving the navy as
Hoyey did has one year and four
months to redeem himself from the
time his enlistment expired. Hoyey is
within this limitation and his applica.
ton for discharge papers will in all
likelihood be granted.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-02-07

II troubled with Indigestion. con-
stipation. no appetite or feel bilious,
give Chamberlain's Stomach and
Liver Tablets a trial and you will be
pleased with the result. These tab
lets Invigorate the stomach and liver
and strengthen the digestion. Sold by
Wilkinson & Co., and j. F. Kiedaisch
& Son.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1910-02-07
Statue Of Limitations

A court martial has exclusive juris-
dlction and the deserter must abide
by that court before he can contest
the validity of his enlistment in a
civil court. When he is tried before
a court martial there is statue of
limitation to consider. If it has been
more than two years before the is.
suance OF order Of trial then he can.
not be held on the charge Of deser.
ton. However. this may not apply if
the deserter has been out of jurisdic-
ton of the court, such as out of the
United States. Hovey's desertion
dates from May %, 1906, which is
more than two years before issuance
OF court. order. He came home on a
furlough from the training ship on
which he was, early in May and did