davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-05-25
mo BANKRUP
FO R TO xAWA Y
Court Holds That Hotel Company
Cannot Be Forced Into
Suit.

Easing opinion on decision of the
United states supreme Court, the
United States Circuit Court of Appeals
| yesterday held that creditors cannot
| force hotel company into bankruptcy.
The point was raised yesterday in the
/ case of the Toxaway Hotel Company,
| Of Lake ToNaway. n, c.. against j. l.,
| smathers Il Co, on appeal from the
District Court of Asheyille. y. C,
The District Court adiudged the Tox-
away Hotel Company a bankrupt upon
petition of j. l.. Smathers & Co, cred
itors. who instituted involuntary bank.
rutpcy proceedings. The hotel com
pany appealed Judges Golf, Pritchard
and District Judge Keller heard argu-
ment and reversed the decision of the
trial court. The costs were placed
upon the creditors who caused the suit.
The hotel company was dismissed.
The judges in the Circuit Court
ruled that the hotel company could not
under an opinion of the Supreme Court
OF the United States. be adjudged a
bankrupt 1t is held by the Supreme
Court that a farmer, hotel company
or wage Garner cannot be forced
into Bankruptcy The reason given is
that to declare farmer a bankrupt
would result in his crops going to ruin
for want OF cultivation: wage Garner
would lose his means of livelihood.
In the case before the court the
ToXaway Hotel Company conducted al
general store in connection with the
hosiery. The creditors contended that
the store was its principal business. and
therefore II should be declared a bank
rupt The court held that IL the hotel
company opened big grocery store
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-05-25
ART|LLERYMEN TO
CAM ? IN KANSAS
All Howitzcr Officers Will At
tend-Many Applications
Received.

Fifteen applications for membership
In Battery A, Richmond Howiters,
were received at the weekly drill last
night. Some Of these will be accept.
ed, few men being needed to make
up the full complement, The Howit-
zers are. as usual, in splendid condt.
.tion, the esprit de corps being excel,
'lent,
All of the officers Of the battery win
go to For, Riley, Kan, next week to
attend the camp OF obstruction for ar
tillery otncers, Captain w NJ. Myers,
Lieutenant r, c. Reese and Lieutenant
lanes c. Pollard. will remain for ten
days, while Lieutenant G.. Fl. Mvcrs
and Lieutenant j, II, Wood VIII stay
the fun three periods, total of thirty
days. comprising the entire month OF
June The five officers will leave Rich
mond next Sunday.
Their absence viii prevent the How.
tiers taking part in the Hollywood
parade next Monday. Drills will. how
ever he continued under command OF
FIRST Sergeant W. L, Tisdalc,
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-05-25
FARMERS TO MEET
NEXT IN RICHMOND
State Convention to Hold First
Regular Session in This
City.
FIGHTING THE MIDDLEMAN
Plans Considered for Co-Opera-
ton in Marketing-Com-
mittcc Adjourns.

/ BY unanimous vote the cXecutiN
committee of the Virginia Division o
the Farmers Educational and Coop
crative Union of America, decided yes
terdav afternoon that the next annua
| State convention OF the order SHOULD
be held in Richmond. This neetin:
| will begin on the first Tuesday il
| February, 1911.
| The State Union will be composed
| Of about 100 members. Each county /!
entitled to one delegate, and in ad
dition there is to be one delegate fol-
each 100 members or majority frac,
tion thereof.
In addition officials of the National
Union will be present, and most of the
delegates will bring members of their
families. Altogether, between 500 and
400 persons will come to Richmond for
the meeting.
The February meeting will in real
ity be the first as a state union. The
order itself is only four years old. and
until this year the Virginia members
have been operating under the Ma
tional Union. AT the meeting last
February in Lynchburg. state Union
was organized The organization has
SIO"U !" ho" ih'Ah, rpou'
5000 members in this State There are
1000 in Mecklennurs county alone.
Tobacco Conference.
It was further decided to send dele
gates from Virginia to conference
of members of tho order from tobac-
co growing States, to be held at Nor
ristown. Tenn, on June %. S. p.
Spain, of Church Road, and state Sec
v,to
were chosen TO attend this meeting
state President D. NJ. Gannaway, OF
Guinea Mills. also expects to be pres
emit Methods of marketing tobacco
are to be considered
In reality the leading feature of the
meeting was the laying of plans for
disposng OF the middleman in han
ding the products of the soil and OF
the cattle pen. 1t is realized that only
by cooperation can the desired end be
attained, and plans We're discussed for
getting together along this line. The
union now feels itself strong enough
to act in concert and to protect the
consumer while marketing the goods
of the producer to the best advantage.
1t was said that definite plans were
being considered. but could not be
divulged until perfected.
A resolution was adopted deploring
the defeat of the agricultural lime
grinding bill BY the State Senate. in.
dorsing the action of the House Of
Delegates in passing the bill and
thanking Governor Mann for his posi-
ton in this .nd in other matters de.
signed 10 aid the farming interests OF
the state
The executive committee completed
the business before it yesterday after
noon and adjourned
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-05-25
ANNUAL REUNION
Survivor. of Fifteenth infantry Visit

Survivors of Fifteenth Infantry Visit
Old Camping Ground.
The annual reunion of the Fifteenth
Virginia Regiment took place yester-
day at Yorktown. where the regiment
went into camp in June. 1861. the first
infantry to land at that point. The
day was spent in visiting old camp
ing grounds and places of historic in
tcrest in and about the old town. War
stories and anecdotes We're plentiful,
Many OF the wives and children. OF
survivors OF the regiment were pre-
sent, among them Mrs. Mary Smith,
who as Miss Talley was known as
the Daughter Of the Regiment
The officers elected We're: r. r.
Griffin, president; A. j. Wray, vice
presidents: John Murphy, treasurer; j.
S. Moore, secretary. The association
decided to hold the next reunion on
the fiftieth anniversary Of the muster
Ing In of the troops, In Williamsburg,
In May, 1911. that having been the
point at which the regiment first went
into camp in 1861.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-05-25
SUPPLEMENTARY
VALLEY RAILROAD.
City Of Baltimore Anxious to Sell
Its Stock at Low
Figure.

Negotiations are In progress for the
sale of the interest of the CITY O, BAL.
timore in the Valley Railroad OF VIZ.
ginia to the southern Railway Com.
pany. The matter viii be considered
in conference within the next few days.
The desire Of members Of the city
Council of Baltimore that the city
should realize something from its
holdings was related In The Times
Dispatch yesterday When the ROAD
was butt, forty years ago. the city
subscribed to s1,ooooO0 of the capital
stock, which is onc-third OF the whole
1t has realized no dividends. but tn.
original idea was not so muc, to get
direct returns as to stimulate trads
between the Valley and the Maryland
city.
Since however. the receivers OF the
Baltimore and Ohio SURRENDERED TO the
Southern the lease OF the connecting
line between Harrisonburg and Stras-
burg, there is feeling that Baltimore
has been cut OFF from profitable con-
nection with all of tile Valley south
OF Strasburs Junction. IT Is arguen
that the Southern had rather build up
Washington than Baltimore This
State Corporation Commission decreed
the running OF through passenger
coach between Lexington and Alex
andria, starting on the Baltimore and
Ohio and being delivered to the South
ern at Harr!sonburg.
Conference Arranged.
Within the past few days. as re-
suit of a manifest desire on the part
Of leaders in the city government In
favor Of the disposal OF the stock. let
ters have been exchanged A telegram
from Baltimore last night conveyed
the Information that a conference has
been arranged between MAYOR Mahooi
and yice-Presldent and General Coun-
sci Hugh j.. Bond, of the Baltimore and
Ohio to consider the sale OF all the
interest held by the city OF Baltimore
and the Baltimore and Ohio In the Val
lev Railroad to the Southern Railway.
There is a difference OF opinion. even
among the owners OF tho stock, as 10
its actual value. DIR. r o. Hcatwole.
of tho First Branch of the CITY Coun-
ell, who has been insistent that the city
should sell. thinks 100000 would not
be too much for the si.o00.10o worth
while Jacob w Hook. one of tho men
who represent the city's stock on the
the board of directors of the VALLEY
Railroad believes that s250o00 would
be a good price, and hopes the South
ern will be willing to. paw that much.
1t is not presumed that the Southern
will pay more than It is Obliged to for
the property. Its ownership is not nee
essarv To that road. especially so since
1T holds the lease. It's continued opera-
ton is however. vital to the Baltimore
and Ohio, which. not being able 10 con-
troll, ii is argued. would be glad to see
the Southern improve the property.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-05-25
ALUMNI ANXIOUS
TO GET LIBRARY
John Marshal High School Gradu-
ates Effect an Or
ganization.

The second meeting OF the John
Marshall High School Alumni Asso-
citation was held last night in the
auditorium of the John Marshall HiEd
School for the purpose of ratifying
organization and tho adoption OF
constitution and bylaws. A great
many OF the graduates were present,
and the meeting proved most enthu-
siastic.
The committee appointed for that
purpose presented A constitution and
bylaws which were adopted unani-
inonsly Under the constitution, tho
election of officers. which was held in
the last meeting. was ratified. The
officers elected were Stephen t. Bev-
eridge. president: Miss Nellie u.
Spence. secretary: Alvin B. Hutzler.
treasurer. The president last night
appointed the executive committee as
follows: Or. Ramon D. Garcin. chair
man: Mrs Howard Whitlock. Miss
Martha Davis. Robert D. Brock, Jr..
and Mrs. Clarence C. Burton.
The executive committee will for
mulate plans for the celebration OF
Alumni Night" during commencement
i, is expected that speeches will be
made b. prominent alumni. and that
the Girls Glee Club. the High School
chorus. and the High School orchestra
will furnish music Cor the occasion.
To Get Stbrnry First.
In speaking on. the objects OF the
association. President Beverage said
that the first object OF tho association
after its complete organization was
the institution OF library sufficient
for the needs Of the pupils In tha
High School. He showed that when
the High school was built the board
could not see IT'S way clear to take
money from the building Fund for the
purpose of huying Il library. and that.
although the library rooms were ready
with cases and shelves, there We're no
books.
The association will therefore take
upon itself the burden OF finding tho
books. There are several schemes for
raising funds. and the association Will
work on the matter until a leasIble
method is brought forward
Mr., Beveridge conceived the Idea OF
pledginS each graduating class 10
give 500 for the purchase OF books.
The idea of getting such an associa-
ton first camo from Governor swan
son. who spoke when tho new school
was dedicated. Mr. Beveridge carried
the Governors idea on. and finally
aroused enthusiasm enough TO form
the association. Every graduate OF
the High School is qualified for Nom.
eeTship. and 1t is expected thar
majority OF 'he living graduates WIZ
live /. Richmond will sooner ar ,....
become members seii
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-05-25
CHARTERS ISSUED

Charters wero granted yesterday as fol-
lows by the state Corporation Commits ion:
Tho vinton Improvement Company GncD.
Ninton, Va, j. T. Saunders, president; j.
II. Scott. v!cc-pres!dent: II. II. Saunders,
SECRETARY all of Ninton, Va. Capital: Maxi
mum, $1,000; minimum, 5000 Objects:
Real estate business
West End Development corporation, Rich
mond. w, II. Adams, president: /. w.
Fuller, vice-presdcnt; Percy Montague sec
rotary and treasurer-ail of Richmond. Cap
| ital. Maximum, $4,000: minimum, $40 600
Objects; Real estate business.
Lambd Xi sorority, Petersburg. Mary
Pummcr president, Petersburg; LottIe
Valentine, rice-presdent and secretary. VAL
entlnc, Va. Mary Johnson .aWton, Okla
homa; Bette Jones, Petersburg, Va. OBJ
tccts. literary sOciety.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-05-25
BANkOF RICHMOND
LIKELY TO MERGE
President Williams Announces
That Negotiations Are
n in Progress.
in Progress,

Advice TO the stockholders of ths
Bank of Richmond not to sell thei
holdings at present prices. comm;
from its president, John shelton VIII
Hams. Yesterday furnished the frs
tangible information regarding the re
ported merger OF that institution witt
some national bank in this city. Ru.
mors TO the effect that such consol-
idation was seriously contemplated
have been current for several weeks.
forming the subject of comment in
financial circles.
While several banks have been men
toned in this connection, The most per-
,pistent report is that the National Bank
ipf Virginia viii be the other party to
4 the merger. The result would be the
naturalization Of the Bank of Rich
mond, which is now a State bank and
the formation Of. a financial corporation
which woulA s.. one of the strongest
IN the South.
Reduction of operating expenses is
understood to be the incentive for the
tendency toward consolidation of
banks. 1t is argued that the cost of
ing the institution the advantage of
greater capital with which to handle
the large financial propositions which
the new and greater Richmond Is be-
ang called upon 10 assume.
Letter to Stockholders.
Mr.. Williams's circular letter, which
was sent ont yesterday, is as follows:
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-05-25
POLICE COURT CASES
George Williamson. PeddIer. prodnc.s
hOIl for Doing Business IX-ithn,,. = n ~

"vorge Williamson. PeddIer Produces p,,l
noll for Doing Business without IJc.ns anA
Ut Williamson. white, was .ned sim
~, =, me Police Court yesterday morning On
He , cmaIse OF peddiing without license
una there produced tho necessary rnIi
s1 InSn I, thai that business had been good
sbn, -. LUMP coiored who Monday nigh.
,,a.,.s under sioo security for twely.
s mon He was anabl 10 pay the fine ar.
1,s security and went to Jail william
~ 49, was given similar sentence for
carving concealed weapon.
f.ion,a Laekso> colored. charged with
, a.. woundng William Patterson,
q, s 80 on TO tho grand jury.
. y, IS. Waldrop. white. was fined $40 for
working a diseased ,nt,Je Wv ~
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-05-25
BUILDING PERMITS
Inspector Beck Condemns -Four Bull,1Inx. !,

inspector Beck Condemns Four Buildings In
South Richmond.
I, bulIding and repair permits were granted
follows: 5'sss 'N' 80 az
William Breins, to build two.story
brick store and dwelling on the north sids
OF Main between Sycamore and RowlarS
streets, to cost $500: F. II. CARRIER. to re-
pair brick store at 3e13 williamsburg Ava
nue., to cost $1,000; William Gratznowsky to
repair brick store at ITO South Adams street.
10 cost 500: E. l.. Noble. 10 repair frame
dwelling at sos North Twenty fourth Street.
to cost $50. ~
Inspector Beck has condemned four dllapi-
dated buildings in South Richmond. Tho
condemned buildings are dwelling and store
w cheatham; house at co.'s Hull Street.
owned by Anna Dean, colored: barber shop
Hull Street near Coast Line crossing. own
ed by Augustine Royal, and store al oon3
HUI. Street. owned hY "a lex Alyis.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-05-25
NURSES TO G GRADUATE
Memorial Hospital Glass to Receive
Their DfpIomas.

Memorial Hospital Class to Receive
Their Diplomas.
The graduating exercises of the
nurses school Of the Memorial Hospi-
tai will be. held tomorrow night in
the auditorium Of the John Marshall
High school. Ten nurses will receive
diplomas. giving them the right
to practice their profession In the
State of Virginia.
j. Aston Cabell will deliver an adj
dress to the nurses, and DR.. Daniel
Coleman will present the diplomas. DR.,
Christopher Tompkins will preside over
the exercises incident to the gradua-
ton Of the class
The graduates who will receive their
Diplomas are Misses BERTHE Mae Arritt,
Sadie Pearl Blankenship. Pauline
Brooks, Kate Gray Gillian, Frances
Frost Hesser, Minnie Howse, Ida Jean
Lucas, Elizabeth Meade, Florence T.
/. Reinach and Miss Elizabeth Taylor. Y
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-05-25
NEW ROAD FILES BIG BOND

Way Now Clear for Construction of Rich.
lnond and IIenrico Railway.
LAWYERS for the Richmond and Henr!co
Railway Company yesterday removed doubts
as to the construction of the now railway
by filing mortgage lindenturc In the Chan
Gerry Court, naming the Union Trust Com
pany. of Toronto, Canada, trustee. The
amount Is s2,h0o0 c0
The mortgage deed describes the route
of the proposed line. and specifics that II Is
to DO an Independent line, and in addition
provides for the Marshall Street Viaduot.
The deed Is signed by w. S. FZrbes. presi-
dent; John @, Hagan. secretary. and by
Charles Magee, OF the Union Trust Com
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-05-25
Marriage License.

Marriage License.
narrlsse license was Issued Yesterday
IN The Hrs,inss Court 10 Michael koeen
aho bessle sake.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1910-05-25
JURY BLAMEs DEAN

jCoroner's inquest finds Him Guilty of tho
Murder Of George Lewis ~
nto the aesah y eorss
Lewis, colored, who was killed early sun
day morning In the house at ll47 East
the nIt,rderer. R.,sH, Kelley, the proprietor
of the lodging house In which the murder
occurred, Identified Dean as the slayer, and
he has been Identified by other occupants
OF the house. The preliminary hearing Mill
be held Thursday morning. @
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1910-03-02
oODG iTE> RE- uOI en-.
n~Hes secured Ter Villages I~ TIM owases
valley Within an Heag.

ArFrsN. y Y March The key tn
the big food situation that has caused
serious loes IN small live stock and has
extinguished the furnaces IN scor~r OF
homes IN Moravia. Cascade Locks and
other villages in the Owasco Valley was
found IN Auburn TO-DAY when Supt
Alderman Of the Auburn water works.
acting Indsr authority ~ the State De-
partment o. Public Works. ordered the
removal Of every fioodgats IN the munich
pal water works dam
An hour later the telephones announc 81
rejoicing up the valley twenty miles away
when the hsadwaters ~ Owasco Iake
dropped nearly fifteen inches and r-sidsnts
81 the southern half OF Moravis were able
IN return To- their homes tn pump the
water ovt u their cellar- A new zoe Jam
has formed AZ Montville. near MHraVia.
and EFFORTS arr h.'ing made TO shatter ~.
NukEsBARRE. Pa. March l. THIS
evening the Susgpehanna River at this
city has reached TWENTY-FIVE feet above
low water mark and i--till rising There
are fear- oc NOR -ario'I- damage than has
been eNperisnc~d ~ number - year
Tive water has already i-olatsd several
houses ON the hstland- opposite this city.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1910-03-02

joharie and Palatine Bridge thre" miles
east. One section ~ Fort Plain ~ flooded
and the people are unable to get Ia nc
leave houses except by boats.
Scores % teams and hundreds of men
are emptyinR the storeroom - the Bailey
Knitting Mills ~ 500 90 worth % finished
underwear. The furniture factory "
surrounded nv water and thu lower
floor OF the plant 10 flooded
SYRAcCsE. March Thousands ~
dollars damage vas done In fVracuse
and in sections ~ Elmwood and Onon
dAGa Valley last night nv the overhoWins
Of Onondaga Greek and Furnace BROCK
Dozens Of families are imprisoned IN
their homes Trolley traf1c In OnOndag O.
Valley IL entirely cut OF.
The fire department WORKED all night
pumping out cellars. and the police AMI
mRny willing hands worked taking people
from their hom~s. This morning portion
OF the rear wall ~ Rartel's brewery. abUt-
ting on the creak was undermined and
toppled into the creek n carried large
tank thirty feet in diameter, which hoateCl
down and stopped AZ one 10 the arches ot
the West Gene-es street hridge. NJ one
was hurt
IrHACA. V V. March L. lce jams broke
in ali the creeks to day and p'led up IN
the inlet. The sections OF the city which
had been flooded yesterday were cleared
again to-day For the first time in a week
cars were run On the interurhan road
from the city "a Auburn.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1910-03-02
TOR ~ IEAR> THEIR 'OOk
Tue TIiiOIt IIssnr Thrown 0p-n s- Mis-
IDu bots To Rrcei,e

Alexander the Great i-.-d 20 tuck a
copy ~ Homer under hls 'rIiTi-s - h.
went ont - fall upon tn. N.-t.-- and Per
SLAMS; every Enah-h -Ch,.lnuy ~ me
time. Il We are - heli"yo Maolulsy. car
ri,-d a volume ~ X~noph"a whenever hs
went 10 thu. cricket hsld and Miss Emma
Du Bots from ~. John New Brunswick
has Nv her side from muffine-t morn q"
walnut night = copy Il her own favurit"
cook book Al least that's Nhat VI
George p. Elliott Il 30 Cl.rnunt av~nu-
Brooklyn. SAYS aud he should know. Tor
Mian Du Bpi- his cooked for hun Tor NOR.
than twenty-ons wears.
They ceie grated the twenty first yet 0
~ Miss Du 'Boisr reign at rD. Eliotts
last night Mr. Elliott - . awyrr with
many friends WIN a. not forget th. din
nsr. 81 the ClermOnt avenue hruS. pre-
iAred by the cheeTy Emma Whu - colon" I
and an ardent EpisCopaiisn. and they
came barring gifts for her last night
Mia, Dt Bols T~ceived them with ftting
Al unity and sat IN state surrounded 10y her
own coterie one 81 whom cooked her a
dinner. II had ~ he mighty xood maAi
too To receive praise from Emma. and th"
praparation of IL was Run" about With 9
csrtain timOrOusne@s that Tbe result did
no, Justify. Beside Miss D' Boi= ~ tn,
good nsiured =" 10 cIpshl" - any un-
kind criticism
The. Elhutts ara really very fond ~ thsir
rapabl.. servant AMI proud to-. since
nowadays '~~n'y -on" wears ~ uu~ hrsfse
- npt an ordinary thing
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1910-03-02
no >HuE orr MOI ~ FRO\T>.
ssN sa mIN er.Id- Drive Enrrss~h IpSa
the sidewalk.

Mrs Chariot !. Alderman ~ 33l
Vest Eighty -s.-rnnd street asked Supr-ms.
court Justice PAtzek Yesterday for =
writ Il mAndamus directing the mem
herr u th. Park Re ri To- remove tbs.
fronts u six HOUSES ia Riverside Drive
l,eI~e@n Eighty -,s-s'und and Eighty third
street.. 90 the ground that they sncruach
..u th.. -trs..t thr"r To four feet Mrs.
Alderman owns property adjoining.
President slower - the Park Board
r.pI 81 that the buildings were crested
under the authority q the Building D.--
naTtm.nt over which ID" Park Bnarh
has M control and that the encTnachment
- caused Ivy the front walls and 10y
windows also that the Park Depa rtment
has no employees skilled IN cutting oR
parts ~ houses He cont@nded that tho
real defendant IN the ease IL the own"r
II the ak buildinGr aud that the owner
should be made a party To the suit.
Justice Platzek agreed with this oon-
tsntinn and said that " the OWNER Of the
objectionable property. which has al
ready been declared a nuisance. u made
q party 90 the action he will issue an
alternative writ direCting tho owner 20
rsmOvs the encumbranos.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1910-03-02
IVILINCHE MRS TRAIN.
cars ansi Thirty Passengrrs swept NMaS
wires AZ carried Down.

SEATTLE. March The Spokane local.
westhound. stalled at the west end oG the
Great Northern tunnel. in the Cascades.
since February -. with thirty passengers
aboard. was torn from the tracks to-day
by an avalanche and carried down the
mountain.
The snowslide broke the wires. cutting
OF all communication.
A relief train was sent at onOs from
Everett. hut no word has come from the
scene
The wrecked train left Spokane over
week ago and should have arrived in
Everett last Tuesday afternoon. The
heavy snow stalled il nine miles beyond
Scenic AZ the entrance to the Cascade
tunnel.
Five other trains were stalled in the
mountains. but all % them have been freed
by snowplOughs and have proceeded.