Arizona republican., 1910-03-06
ARE WHITE MEN MoNGoLS?
Only Two Original Races. Columbia
 Professor Asserts.

While it is not yet possible to eX- press definite views in regard to the relationship of the races of man. few facts stand out boldly. We recogiZe that the two extreme types of man. kind are represented, on the one hand by the negro race. and on the other by the MOngoloid race.
 The former of these includes the races of Africa and many of those in- habiting the large islands surrounding Australia: the other includes the peo- pie of eastern Asia and of America The other strongly divergent types of man can most readily be claSsed with these two fundamental types, and may perhaps be considered as mutants which developed at any early period.
 Thus we find affiliated with t1le negro race two divergent types, never theless closely related ,to 1.-the dwarfish South African who is per haps intimately related to the many isolated dwarfiSh tribes of other parts of Africa and southern Asia and the Australian. The Mongoloid type, lon the other hand. has also q considerable number of affiliated types which may perhaps represent mutants of this type Here belong the Malay of south eastern Asia. the Ainu of northern Ja- pan and perhaps the European.
 If we base our conception of the di- vision of mankind on this broad out line, it would appear that two large divisions were established at an early geographical period-the race of the Indian ocean, which represents all the negrcid types, and the race of the Pa cific ocean, which represents the Mon goloid and affiliated types. The enorm- ous increase in the number of Europ- cans during the last 1000 or 5000 years and their rapid spread over the surface of the globe disturb the clearness of this view: but we must remember that the white race represented originally only small part of mankind and Oc- cupied only a small portion of the in habited globe.
 What relation the two principal types may have had to the predecessor of mankind which is represented by the early quaternary race of Europe is unknown.
 The history of the spread of these large races over the continents remains dISD. IO d SIctN tAAtllN' OpSNtAN' iN seems likely. however that the race of the Pacific ocean immigrated into America at a very early time, and that after the retreat of the ice sheet it swept back into northern Asia and re established itself an the whole north ern part of the old world. which had | been uninhabited for long periods 1 Much of this. however. remains hypo- thesis. which may be confirmed or dis proved by further studies.
 Our investigations of the pcrmanence { and relationships of human types have l also shown that it is exceedingly diff | ficult. if not impossible to find what might be called a pure type, and the ! Cndedvors to find pure races through 1 q mixture of which the present variable 1 types may have originated must be | given up. We have recognized that
 the transitions between types are so gradual, and in so many different di- 1 rections. that the establishment of any one of the series as a primary type
 would be quite arbitrary. An the na tions of modern times. and those of Europe not less than those of other
 continents. are equally mixed. and the i racial purity on which Europeans. likt
 to pride themselves does not exist
 Professor Franz Boas. in Columbia University Lectures.