davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1910-04-05
JUSTICE BREWER.
Distinguished Jurist and DeV05eo
Patriot-Fearless IN His Opln-
ions.
zsob NcGhee in Columbia State.

? Zach NteGhee in Columbia State.
Washington, March 3p-fhere
, ran he no doubt that Of the n1ne
members of the United States su,
nreme court the most beloved and
the ONE for whose ability there was
the greatest respect was MIR. Jus.
Eiee Brewer, who died suddenly Last
night. I do not propose to write an 4
obituary Of the distinguished JurlSe
and the devoted patriot, both OF
which he assuredly was to a higher
decree than any other member OF the
CONT since I have been in Washing
ton at least; but just one little m IN
stance of my personal contact VIII
; him may be interesting.
II was on November 2l, l9o|, tna1
Mr. Justice Brewer in New YORK
made a. speech in which he said that
tho constitution should be amended
50 that no president could sueeeed
himself. In discussing the subject
he argued that if such were the
ease 1--WE should not have the spec
i taele Of our strenuous president
playing the game Of hide and seek
with the American people"
T. was a. somewhat startling state
mont esneciallv for a member OF
the ~sepreme court. Roosevelt haa
POSITIVELY announced that he would
5:under no circumstances" be
candi date for another term, and yet
there was general idea in the pub
lie mind that he was doing all he
could to get another term. Now
happen to know positively, though
from a. confidential source / can not
divulge, that he was strongly con-
sidering taking another term IL ne
could get it and that he was dissuad-
ed only by the advice Of q close
friand who told him he could not be
elected to a third term. The eoun-
try was startled at the boldness o.
Justice Brewers remark, and there
we're many who wondered If ne had
not been misquoted.
Now I got an interview with the
, Justice on the subject, being the
only newspaper man who did get
an Interview for publication. It was
this way:
The day after the startling speech
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1910-04-05

in New York I went around to his
home on Sixteenth street. I had
never been there before and had
never seen the justice except on the
bench. interviewing a member Of
the supreme court is an exceedingly
rare thing in Washington, and does
not occur, as a rule, once in many
years. I was naturally nervous when
I entered the little parlor and asked
10 see Judge Brewer. But the man
ners of the house girl who met me at
the door were very simple and eour-
teous, and T was a little easier on
this account. In a. few minutes the
justice came down. He was man
Of medium size, with large head,
clearly defined features, deep set
eyes of a clear blue. He was very Sc
rious, but kindly and cordial-not Of
the grand manner, Chesterfeldian
courtesy, as we are accustomed to
expect in a justice of the supreme
court; he was just, simply natural,
and I realized, at once that I was IN
the presence of one who before he
was a grave and mighty measurer
Of justice on the most august trE
bunal in the whole world was first
a man just like you and me.
] was almost sure he would not
say anything about Roosevelt, unless
perhaps to deny that he had said
anything or that he had meant any
thing personal. I had not wanted
to 60 to see him when a New York
paper gave me the assignment, con-
sidering it wild goose chase. I was
little surprised that he was willing to
see me at all. But here he was, and [
proceeded to ask him what he meant
in the New York speech.
"Why," said he, ''it was plain
enough. There was nothing remark
able about it. Everybody knows
that Roosevelt is doing all he can to
get another term, and if our consti-
tuition prohibited a second term he
wouldn't be seeking another. That's
all there is to it.''
He spoke without feeling, but it
was clear from the way he spoke that
he meant it.
I asked him if he meant this
about Mr.. Roosevelt in particular. |
"Oh, no. he replied. "It would |
likely be the same with any other
man as president under similar cir
It has been the same
before. I cited the case Of Roosevelt !
because it is here present."
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1910-04-05

are for forgery, and the sixth for
breach Of trust, with fraudulent in
tent, will come up for trial at the
June term of the General Sessions
court. Harris will remain under
bond Of $4,000. Judge MeDonald's
charge to the jury was considered
favorable for the defence, and to-
might it is learned that the jury
stood six for acquittal and six for
conviction. Harris and several Of
his friends remained in the Court
room while the jury was out. He
chatted pleasantly with his friends;
and when the jury reported, bis e1-
preston did not change. The Harris
case began Monday morning.
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1910-04-05
MISTRIAL IN HARRIS CASE.
Jury Equally Observation-Disclosures
Received Announcement Calmly.

Anderson, April "A mistrial
resulted in the Calhoun Harris case.
The case went to the jury at IL
O'Clock this morning and the jury re-
ported at 7 o'clock tonight, that an
agreement was impossible. This
was after the jury came out to again
hear Judge Mcdonald state the law
as to forgery.
This disposes for the time being of
one Of the indictments against Har-
ris arising from a shortage Of ap-
proximately $4,000 in the funds Of
the Orr Cotton mills, Of which he
was secretary and assistant treasur-
er. Six other counts, five Of which
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1910-04-05

When a man really learns all
about thing he can stop showing off
about it.
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1910-04-05
Want Good Whiskey?
Black Pays the Express.

The Southern Seboa and Line reach nearly every point
the South. All pass through Richmond Orders received
Shipments point any place
in S. c. the morning.
All goods guaranteed under Pure Food and Drugs Act
The Washington herald., 1910-05-16
PLACES OF INTEREST.

Library Of Congress-Open a. m. 20 10 ?. m. on
secular days; from 2 p m. to 10 ?. m. sundays
and On certain holidays.
Futhc Library-Open a. m. TO 9 p. m. holidays
a, an. ~. to 3 p m; Sundays, to p m.
Mhlie House-Open 70 a. "a. 20 =. m.
United States Caltol-Open a. m. 10 30 p. m.
~, Iorc9ran Gallery Of Art-Open lfreej Tuesday
THURSDAY. Saturday 9@O 20 4 J.. m. Sunday. 20 to
10 I'D p m Other days. PC admission.
STATE War. and Navy Dcpartments-Open q. m.
20 p m. tIhe original Declaration Of Independ
ei,De IS IN the library az the State Department
United States TrCasUTy-ODen q. N. 10 2 D. N
United States Patent Ohicc-Open a. IN. to 2
p. m.
United States Pension Buresu-Open a. m. to {
y. m.
United States Post-onlce-Opc 9 A. m. to p. m.
washington City Post-ofice-O Oren all hours. THE
Desd Letter Ofhce Is in the city post-Offce)
National Botanic Gardeus-Open a. m. 10 p. m.
! lsn commission Open 9 a. m. TO 4 80 2. m.
army Medical Museum-Open a. m. 20 40 p. m.
National Museum-Open a. m TO 40 p. m. lin
cluding holidays.
P. m.
. Bureau of Engraving and Printing-Open . a. m.
Washington Monument C555s4 feet in height)-open
10 D. M
Smithsonian Institutiou-open a. m. to 40
p m Including holidays.
p m.
Navy Nard-Open a. m. 20 $50 =. m.
Southworth Cottage 35th and Prospect ave
hey Mansi0u-Home Of Francis Scott Key. author
Of The star STangled Banner" 55l8 VI street north
west Open daily. except Sunday a. II. TO $50
p m. Admission free.
IN THE SUBURBS.
Geological Park Open all day.
Rock Creek Bridge and Park.
Chevy Chase and kcnsington.
Naval ObseHatOg-Opcu a. n. % 3p m.
Mount Vernon tthe home and tomb Of Washing
tonl-Open II a. m. 10 p H.
United States Soldiers Home-Open 9 a, N. 10
sunset
United States Naval Academy Annapolis Nd
Arlington National Cemetery
The Washington herald., 1910-05-16
NO HAPPINESS In BARGAINS
Matrimonial Success Depends on
Love, Asserts Rev. DR.. Shannon.
Pastor Declares Man or Woman Who
Weds for Cash Guilty of Most
AtrOciOus OfenSe.

Matrimonial happiness cannot be sold
or bought on the bargain counter" as
serted Rev. Dr. John Reid shannon in the
course Of his sermon at Metropolitan NJ
f. Church last night.
"A young man can never make a
matrimonial success upon any other
basis than love-" ne continued. Mar
riage for money is a commercial bar
gain. The man who brings marriage
down to the brutal level Of an affair Of
cash is guilty Of the most atrocioUs Of
fense against Gods holy institution.
Nothing IS more inevitable than that he
will be cast out of the Garden Of Eden
TO live in the barren deserts Of domestic
wretchedness, while swords, as Of flame
and fire. will flash this way and that
way at the gates Of the garden. for
bidding his return.
As n young woman should not marry
young man unless she finds I'm him
heights Of manhood to which she can
look up, so a young man should not
marry a young woman unless he finds in
her heights of womanhood to which he
can look up A business man who builds
his house on land in litigation is infinitely
wiser than young man who builds his
hopes Of happiness on a matrimonial
alliance with a young woman who lacks
good character. The greatest influence Of
a wife comes not from what she does.
but from what she is"
The Washington herald., 1910-05-16
Y. N. c. A. NEGROES
HEAR BALLlNGER
Secretary Says Father Led
COlOred Regiment.

Asserting that his interest in the move
ment TO raise $4,000 for the completion
Of the Colored Y. NJ c. a. building did
not lay in his connection with Howard
University, Secretary OF the Interior
.BaEinger yesterday told a special negro
mass meeting at First Congregational
Church that IL was because his father
was colonel Of a negro regiment in the
civil war.
His remarks were directed IN the most
part, on the necessity Of education in
the negro race. Mr.. Bauinger deplored
the fact that when a great object is
attained il makes no difference in the
color line. and that among the leaders OF
politics there could not be the same
purity Of purpose which the leaders Of
the church enjoy.
William X Cooper, general secretary
of the Washington Y. NJ. c. A. presided
and George Otis Smith, Director OF
the Geological Survey, introduced the
speaker.
About 5000 has thus far been pledged
TO the building fund, and nearly 5000
was collected as the result Of yesterdays
meeting
The Washington herald., 1910-05-16

a section Of the wild and woolly West
was transplanted to Washington yester-
day, when Miller Bros 'Im Ranch Wild
West Show" arrived in town and pitched
tents at Fifteenth and II streets north
east.
Cowboys, cowgirls, Indians, Mexicans,
all Earbed in the picturesque costumes
and carrying dangerous-looklng guns.
added 20 the picturesqueness OF the show
grounds.
The day was quiet for the show folk.
being spent in receiving visitors 10 the
grounds or in sightseeing. Only the tent
men were required 10 work. and their
labors were finished as soon as the tents
were erected Thousands Of people
visited the grounds.
Indians Draw Interest.
Aside from the work Of erecting the
tents, the Indian braves, sQuaws. and
papOOses we're the center or attraction
Young Indians" Of Washington had a
great time peeking through the flaps OF
tho wigwams 20 catch gllmpses Of
Wounded Knee or Old Man Ole Bear, and
then scurrying 70 safety as the Indians
grunted a How"
y score Of Indian children had a great
time playing with their white brothers
and sisters during the afternoon. Among
papOoses with the show are Little
Teddy Bear, Chan-kta-wea, LeoIa Look
out, Nevermore Sharp Blade Lone Fox.
and Laura Green Grass.
Joe Miller, one Of the proprietors OF
the show. entertained a number OF news
paper men at dinner yesterday IN the
private dining tent at the show grounds.
II was a novel experience for them.
Two Performances To-day.
Two performances will be given to-day.
at o'clock and S o'clock. This program
will ba repeated tomorrow.
There will be a parade this morning.
starting at 9 o'clock and covering the
following route; From the grounds 10
Fifteenth and II northwest. down Fif-
teenth 70 Pennsylvania avenue, around
the Peace monument to New Jersey ave-
nue.. and back 20 the grounds.
The Washington herald., 1910-05-16
SPEAKS ON CAPITAL StNMs
Ep"orth League Members Hear DR..
Walter :. UROrd's Lecture


Walter :. Uford's Lecture.
Washington, as some know II" was
the subject Of an address by DR.. Walter
;. Uford' general secretary Of the AS
sociated Charities. to members OF the
Epworth League at Hamline Church last
night
He dealt with the conditions Of the
"slums' Of Washington. The lecture was
Illustrated with stereopticon views de-
plotting the state Of misery and wretched
surroundings Of the existence Of 1900
denizens Of Washington, mostly negroes.
In course Of the service Or. D. A.
Diffendorfer, chairman OF the exhibition
Of the Worlds Sixth Sunday School Con-
vention. to be opened Thursday next.
delivered lecture on The Kingdom
and the Child" dealing with problems
Of religious education. along the lines
OF the Methodist Episcopal Church.
Rev. Charles F. Guthrie, pastor OF the
church. preached on "Elljahs Chariot of
Fire or the conquest Of death. being
the sixth Of the series Of sermons on
Elijah in modern life
The Washington herald., 1910-05-16
VISITOR FROM BERMUDA.
Rev. DR.. Grant Occupies PiIpIts Of
Washington Churches.

Rev. David K. Grant. NJ. A. Of Ber-
muda, filed the pulpit Of the First Pres
byterian Church yesterday morning and
preached at night at Gunton-TempIa
Church He was greeted by large con-
gregatiOns.
A native OF Nova Scotia. Rev. N1-.
Grant has been a resident of Bermuda
1or two years. Winter tourists make up
large congregations at his church dur
ing the season, and he has preached %
many distinguished visitors. A young
man Of attractive personality and a fin
ished scholar he impresses most favor
ably all who hear him. Not long ago
a call came to him from far-away Yu-
kon.
He preached yesterday morning on
The gentleness Of God" It was a beau
tiful sermon. advocating the gospel Of
love and helpfulnesa
The Washington herald., 1910-05-16
LOCAL MENTION.
EXCURSIONS Th-nAY.

Norfolk and Washington Steamboat Company's
steamers from foot Of seventh street Cor old Point
Comfort and Norfolk daily at Gas D. m.
Steamer Charles Manchester for Mount Vernon
Leaves Seventh street wharf at 10 a. m. and las
p m.
Cars from Fifteenth street and New York avenue
every quarter hour for Zoo Park Chevy Chase, and
KensingtOn.
The Washington herald., 1910-05-16
MEDICAL.
DR.. SHADE SPECIALIST,

WashinEtOn's Oldest Specialist.
- years practice treating Nervous ana
ChrOnic Diseases; also stomach lunRg
ss'nma, catarrn. appendicitis liver. heart Hdueys
oaoeer. stncture, discharges general debility ard
tpeaaI weakness; blood and skin diseases. Special
tnd private ailments Of both sexes cured quickly.
Sonsultstion free Hours $50 10 1880 and 70 So
nuyi sundays. go 70 i0aA Chandler BUILDING
Elevator and 'phons
The Washington herald., 1910-05-16
SPIRITUAL LESSON IN COMET.
Rev. Zed II. COpp Declares IL Is
Sent as Warning.

The comet is an exhibition OF the
mastery and mystery Of God. and is
doubtless intended to warn all mankind
periodically Of the brevity and uncer-
tainty OF human existence and the need
for prompt preparation for a long eter-
nifty. Beyond this. It IS valueless in the
religious world, and becomes harmful
when viewed with terroristic wonder and
superstitioUs awe"
Thus speaking at Bethany Chapel last
night. Rev. zed H. Copp advised the
large congregation present 70 get right
with Cod and then TO sleep soundly.
The Washington herald., 1910-05-16
CAVALRY VETERAN EXT0LLED.
Sixth Pennsylvania Veterans Pay
Tribute to Gen. Il. j. Wint.

SiAth TehhSgINanla veterans Pay
Tribute TO Gen. T. J. wint.
Sixty cavalry veterans Of the civil war
gathered about a grave in Arlington Ma
tional Cemetery late yesterday afternoon
and paid tribute to the memory Of Gen.
T. J. Wint.
The services were held by the Sixth
Pennsylvania Cavalry Association. OF
Philadelphia, Of which the dead officer
was a member. George d. Whitcomb
president OF the association, presided.
Eulogistic addresses were delivered by d.
A. Blizzard W. W. Sweisfort. John s.
Moore, and Rev. F. w. Staley, chaplain
Of the association.
Gen. Wint began his civil war career
as a private in the Sixth Pennsylvania
Cavalry.
The Washington herald., 1910-05-16
SERVICES FOR DEACONESSES.
Rev. DIR. wilder Delivers the Bacca-
laureate Sermon.

Rev. DR. William II. Wilder preached
the baccalaureate sermon on the COM
mencement exercises Of Lucy Webb Hayes
National Training School for Mission
aries and Deaconesses in the school chapel.
North Capitol and NJ streets, yesterday
morning.
The religious services Of the day. which
included vespers and communion service
at the chapel last night. were a part Of
the week Of graduation exercises that
end Tuesday with the presentation Of
diplomas to twenty-five young women.
The Washington herald., 1910-05-16

All advertising contracts made by The
Washington Herald are based upon its
bona fde circulatioli-a circulation in
Washington larger by thousands than
was ever before attained by any morning
newspaper at the Capital. Its books are
open.
The Washington herald., 1910-05-16
VISITING MINISTERS SPEAK.
Baptist Congregations Hear Dele
gates OF Southern Convention.

Washington ministers gave UP their pull
pits yesterday 10 ministers attending the
Among those who participated in morning.
afternoon, and evening services were the
following:
Rev. l. +. Barton, o, Mississippi, and Rev. Or.
J. {. Gamhrll, Of Texas. az Temple Bap,ic
Church. Tenth and stseets; Rev. J. T. johnson.
The Washington herald., 1910-05-16

Of Virginia. at First Baptist Church; Rev. ". O.
Fyree Of North Carolina. and Rev ]. a. Johnston
q Louisiana, al Bethany Church Rev. DR.. W. F.
Earboroueh, Of Alabama, and Rev. DR.. q, A, Lot
ton. Of Nashville, Tenn, at Metropolitan Baptist
Church: Rev. @. p. Stealey, Of Oklahoma and Rev
c. c. Coleman, Of Texas at West Washington Bap-
tst Church: DR.. J. B. GambreIl Of Texas az
Fifth Baptist Church; Rev. DR.. NJ. 2. Hunt. Of
Louisville, KY. at Second Baptist Church Fourth
street and Virginia avenue southeast. and Rev. w.
4. DOrsett. pastor Of OF the leading churches Of
Richmond, at the new Emmanuel Baptist Church,
Sixteenth street and Columbia road.
The Washington herald., 1910-05-16

European Novelties in SultInEE for
summer wear are among the elegant
fabrics shown by f. II. Snyder & Co.
Tailors, I'LL Pa. ave. Inspection invited
Finest tailoring; reasonable prices
The Washington herald., 1910-05-16
Anrfhinr N SeIIt

Consult Adam a. Weschler, auctioneer
~ "a; ave. NV. Regular sales furniture
&C. saturdays, commencing $50 q. m
Good results. Phone I2s2.
The Washington herald., 1910-05-16
We VIII "NIothproof', Your Carpets

AS well as clean them thoroughly at
small cost Special process employed only
by US, Modern storage facilities Conger
Bros. * Co.. ed & n. Y. ave Tel w. 427.
The Washington herald., 1910-05-16
WILD WEST IN CITY
Cowboys and Indians of 101
Ranch Pitch Tent.
SHOW TODAY AND TOMORROW

Hundreds ThrOnE Grounds nj FIJI
teenth and u Streets, Where Pa
Children, While the Noise of Prep
arauOn Is Heard for Carnival.
The Washington herald., 1910-05-16
STEAMER RLGLLESIER EnR MI YEREnT

Leaves 'th 81, wharf ar 20 a. m and l,i5 n =,
Ia L'al.N . ENefrt sunday Fare, round TIP. &c IL
Guiding admission % grounds and raarsio-.
The Washington herald., 1910-05-16
kenSington Railway

Cars from 18th st. and New York
ave every quarter hour, pass Rock
Creek Bridge. Min Entrance ZoOIoEi-
cal Park, and Chevy Chase. Connect
at Lake with kensington Line
The Washington herald., 1910-05-16
The DriIIerr.

The DTilIery.
Miles Fuller, Founder,
llO0 New York Ave.
Shorthand. Typewriting.
Business Branches
Civil Service Preparation.
Start Right and start Right AWAY.
The Washington herald., 1910-05-16

CAveriy'. Plumbing, 1881 @ NV,
The Washington herald., 1910-05-16

Watch for a City mt Rnndie Highlands.
The Jasper news., 1910-04-28
LEBANON

Nearly all of the farmers finish
ed planting corn last week.
Frank Hardenbrook sawed wood
last week for L. Miller and sons,
Jess and Fred.
Charley Awick is painting his
house Claude Boyer is doing the
work.
We can take our heating stoves
down July 4th and put them up
on July 5th,
The price on hogs is dropping off
in pieces about the size of half
dollar, and the farmers are now
"all in telling, about how much
money they got out of some large
hogs.
The other day c. F. Rex was
wearing a great, broad smile and
stepping higher than blind horse.
Some thought that Pebbles Lady
had come in ahead Of Dan Patch
until Mr.. Rex told that one of his
young Duroc Jersey sows had
found IS pigs, Now one dozen
and a half is quite bunch of pigs,
Let other towns report.
| John Wilson, one of our leading
farmers has bought the Harvey
Bishop farm, on the northwest
corner of the square at Malty.
Price $50 per acre.
Mr.. Bishop has bought the Gard
ner and Ketcham farm of roc
acres, at $50 per acre.
P. B. Cole and wife called al
John Carr's Monday afternoon.
UNO.
The Jasper news., 1910-04-28

Pitts has the best Barn Paint in the
world.
Full blood buff orphington eggs,
SOC per setting of IS eggs.
Mrs. G. S. Wolf
II you have anything to paint, Pitts
has exactly what you want for the
job.
Fl. F. Pitts, the druggist, will
take your subscription for any
newspaper or magazine.
c. E. Keeling, the Nevada pho
tographer, will be at the former
.Eckles studio in Jasper every
Thursday from Q a. III. to S p. m
He is one Of the best photogra-
pliers in the state and is sure tc
please you Give him a call.
The Jasper news., 1910-04-28
Personal and Local
Pitts the Paint Man.
Go to Brights and see those nice
china bowls to be given away

Eggs taken same as cash.
Vogue Millinery.
Try the White Flake syrup.
Crandall Bros. have it.
Fresh northern grown garden seed in
bulk at Bright's. Buy your garden
seed now.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph Wcesner OF
Fredonia, Kans. spent Sunday here
the guests of the lattcr's grandpar-
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. Milton Starbuck,
The Jasper news., 1910-04-28
Presbyterian Notice.

Sunday School, 10 a. m.
Preaching by Rev. McKinsey of
Joplin, II a. m.
Christian Endcavor, 7 p. m.
Preaching, 8 p. m.
The Jasper news., 1910-04-28

A. L. Luce, who was in the gro
Gerry business here for several
months up to few weeks ago,
moved his family to Carthage last
week. He will be in the employ of
the Mccormick grocery company.
The Jasper news., 1910-04-28
BIG REDUCTION.

Next Saturday, April
20, we will make a big
reduction on ladies
bingham underskirts.
Don't miss this big sale.
Resp,
J. ID. Harbur.
The Jasper news., 1910-04-28
The Call OF The Blood.

for purihcation, finds voice in pimples,
boils, sallow complexion, a jaundiced
look, moth patches and blotches on the
skim all signs of liver trouble. But
DR.. Kings New Life Pills make rich red
blood; give clear skin, rosy cheeks, fine
complexion, health. Try them. 25c at
Webb Bros.
The Jasper news., 1910-04-28

You can get Heinz and Van
Camp goods at crandall Bros
Fleck's Stock and Poultry remedies,
See Pitts.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1910-09-23
F0R PERMANENT
TARIFF COMMISSION

Washington, sept. 22.-Plans were
announced today oil a campaign to he
conducted by the National Tariff
Comomission association to have con-
gress enact legislation making the
tariff board a permanent body to be
affiliated as a bureau with the treas
ury department.
The first of q series of conferences
which will start the tariff board act
ually on its work of making a scien-
tific revision of the tariff schedule by
schedule will take place tomorrow,
when a meeting with the executive
committee of the Chemical association
will be held. The attitude or the
manufacturers toward the board will
develop more fully at the meeting to-
morrow. Both sides expressed it to-
day as friendly.
The conference will be followed
by meetings with representatives of
manufacturers of wood pulp.
textiles. iron and steel and
probably the metal men. From the
of these conferences the board
expects to know just where it stands.
Individually the members of the
board are not charmed at the various
announcements that it will be a hard
to get information on the cost OF
manufacturing from corporations.