davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04

closet The window we have is one
that was at hand from dwelling and
its size suits us very well and we be-
lieve it is about right. 1t is two-light
sash BOXES inches. However, this may
vary in size to suit the builder.
In our house the drop board is two
feet from the stills, % inches from the
south wall, leaving an alley through
the house. The roosts are IL inches
from the drop boards, two in number,
ten inches apart, held in place by
cleats at either end and two cleats
through the middle, held In place by
being fastened to the studding at one
end and by wire at the other; the
wire runs from the cleat to the sup
porting piece Of the roof which runs
lengthwise of the roof. The sheeting
for the roof is held in place by being
nailed at either end and in the middle
onto the piece above mentioned
The nests in our case are common
store boxes set on the stills beneath
the roost boards and they are easily
gotten at from the alley mentioned.
In our experience we find heavy.
unbleached muslin, obtained at any
country store to be the most salts.
factory with us. Some poultrymen
recommend that the cloth be. dipped
in flaxseed oil, but we prefer to use
it unoiled.
The particular house shown in the
cut cost US less than IS, but we got
the frame stuff, sheeting, floor and
window from a dismantled building.
With concrete wall it would have
cost about $12. All new lumber would
also add much to this cost.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04
Value Of Cold Frames.

Few people realize the full value Of
cold frames. They may be used for a
great variety of purposes. Now is the
time (although trifle late) to set
pansy plants in the frames for spring
sales or for home use. 1t is easily
possible to have che finest lettuce in
cold frames until Christmas and n
month later. with mats or double
glass sash. The frames may be used
In wintering plants Of lettuce, cab.
bage and cauliflower for spring plant.
ing in the open. Spinach may be pro
tected by frames In regions where It
would be killed without protection
and frames make it. possible to have
parsley all winter for soups and gar.
nishing.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04
The poultry house here illustrated

The poultry house here illustrated
is not on a concrete wall, but IL
the sand and gravel can be gotten
without much difficulty, it makes an
ideal wall, writes Ira G. Shellabarger,
in Farmers Review. Ours is on
wooden foundation.
Our house is 10 feet long, 6 fee:
wide, 51s feet high, in rear and front
corner posts are Z feet long. The
house is boarded within two feet of
the. bottom Of the front posts, but if
the house. is set onx a foundation it
will have an opening Of about 80
inches which we believe is too much
and think 26 inches at most is suf1i-
cient opening.
The cloth to be used in the front
of the house should, of course. be long
or wide enough to reach from top of
opening to bottom. Ours is simply
tackled fast to top of frame of build
ing and on 2x5 piece at bottom. The
muslin should be securely tackled and
the bottom piece be securely fastened
as in heavy winds it may blow out OF
place. Some recommend lacking the
muslin to a frame and then lowering
or raising the frame at will The
frame idea. of course, will prevent the
wind from blowing the curtain in and
out and perhaps keep it stretched
tighter at all times.
The door to our house is feet S
inches by 211a inches. However, the
door may be larger or smaller as the
lumber at hand may cut out to better
advantage another size. Our door
happens to be from an old dwelling
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04
GROW APPLES BY IRRIGATION
Planting Two.Year-oId Trees and
Closely Pruning the Roots Are
Recommended.

In setting a one-year-old apple tree
would cut off each lateral root to
length Of two or three inches and for
a two-year-old l would not plant
root over six inches long. All authori-
ties agree tn 1t it is highly important
to compact TIE soil firmly about the
roots and that a root cannot grow e&-
cept the soil is well firmed, etc. Then
why dig up large space just to get
to firm it back? l would say, dig
small holes. Fifteen to is inches
across is plenty large.
Then instead of trimming the
broken roots as most writer's advise.
| would cut each root, as stated above,
to length of three to six inches. In
this way we establish the divisions of
the root system close in to the trunk,
and for each root cut off we get from
three to five lunches, multiplying by
that much the food gathering ca
pacity of the system.
AS the success of the tree depends
pains in caring for them. By rights,
no tree should ever leave the nursery
until it is two years old. 1t should be
taken up as yearling, its roots close
ly pruned to make them branch, re-
set, headed and allowed to grow a
year before being permanently
planted
All things considered, believe two
year-old trees are best, for the reason
that their roots have more wood in
them and can stand more exposure
without serious damage than one-year-
Old trees. In handling trees remem-
Der they can stand being out of soil
about as well as fish out of water
and the roots must at all times he
kept wet.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04

ter only slightly warm. A small brass
lantern, would be best for this use.
The water never freezes in the cold.
est weather; fresh water need be car.
ried but once day. and the males
never get their wattles wet nor froz.
en-. The box is large enough to per.
nit the chickens to stand on the edge
to drink, if they wish; but it should
not be so high that they will be com.
PEELED to do so. Another advantage is
that it can be placed in the scratch.
ing shed with perfect safety, and be
up out of the straw.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04

clover that makes two tons to the.
acre. ~ vs.
You get to the end of your windrow''
when you get. the field raked you cut
around.
In clover that makes about two tons
to the acre cut around about ten
acres, and load on one round Quarter
mile rows as load will average gen
orally about one and one-1uarter tons
per load.
With two men in the barn or on
the stack, one man with fork, one
man. to drive fork team, three teams
and rakes, two drivers. one extra load
er in the fields and one driver in the
field. you can unload load of hay
about every 20 minutes.
Then you want two men to NOV.
and rake, and you can move the hay
fast and gather 1T up clean.
Z Clover hay handled in this way will
cost about so. or rs cents per ton In
barn or stack. Z
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04
DEEP FLOWING FOR SUCCESS
Foundation Of All Scientific Asrieul.
ture and Should Increase with
Little Rainfall.

Deep blowing is the foundation ct
all scientific agriculture. the only en-
cuse for shallow blowing is a heavy
rainfall or the existence of such soils
as the loose. sandy loans sometimes
found In Nebraska, the volcanic ash
soils of Utah and California and the
loose gypsum soils of Wyoming. but
even In these deeper blowing often
pays, and in the soils of Colorado
blowing at least is Indispensable for
securing the best results. The depth
OF blowing should increase with the de-
crease of precipitation. In Utah with
precipitation of ten inches, the best
results are obtained by alternate fall
lowing and blowing and subsoiling to
. depth of Is inches.
Seven-inch blowing with very inten-
sive cultivation may raise good crops
on precipitation of 90 inches, such
as they have in western Nebraska, but
these same crops could be raised to
greater economic advantage by plow-
ing deeper in the first place and not
by cultvating all summer, which is
often impossible and impractical. Land
that is plowed only seven inches will
become saturated in one good storm,
and if our moisture comes all together.
as it usually does, the balance runs off
or stays on the surface ard evaporates
and is lost.
Deep blowing followed by following
will accumulate much more moisture
in given time than shallow blowing
and following. and the filth of deep
plowed land is usually better than that
of shallow land for the reason that
good filth is primarily the effect of
the right amount of moisture.
All the benefits accruing from deep
blowing are not apparent in the first
year or two, but the carrying over of
moisture from one season to another,
the cumulative effects of this process,
soon begin TO pay compound interest
on the investment and we begin to see
such light on the true inwaldness of
dry farming as the shallow plower
never arrives at. The disk pillow should
not be relied on for general farm
work, but should be used only as an
accessory.
The chemical action in the soil that
creates plant food. the oXidization, in
fermentation, etc. takes
place almost entirely in the upper
layer, and it is this upper layer that
we need to turn fiat under for the next
crop.
The disk does not perform this work
nearly as satisfactorily as the mold
board pillow, and the consequence is
that persistent use of this implement
will impoverish the soil and reduce
the yield.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04
Fruit Fed to Horses

Figs during the fig harvest form the
food OF the horses of Smyrna. They
turn them to this from oats or hay.
In the West Indies the green tops OF
the sugar cane are fed to the horses.
In Egypt the khedive's best mares
are fed largely on currants and these
fruit.fed animals are noted for their
endurance and speed.
For long weeks in many parts of
Canada windfall apples form the
horses only food.
In Tasmania peaches are greatly
relished by horses.
Dates take the place of the usual
hay. corr oats and bran in Arabia.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04
Fruit and Poultry.

A profitable combination on a small
farm within easy reach Of good mar.
ket is fruit and poultry. Hens to do
well require liberal range that con.
tains bushes or trees enough to supply
partial shade. They also require a
variety of green stun, with a Sphinx.
ling of insects. Such combination
may be easily supplied by planting tho
land to fruit and enclosing 1t in poul.
try netting wire.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04
GROW ROOTS FOR LIVE STOCK
Their Feeding Value Entities Them
to More Consideration Than Is
Given by Average Farmer.
lBY w. r. GILBERT.


Carrots and parsnips are not grown
extensively in this country. partly be-
cause they do not grow such heavy
crops as turnips and mangels and
partly because their cultivation is
more troublesome.
When we consider that these roots
are so much less watery than turnips
the question of light cropping may be
dismissed, for an acre of either OF
them will yield about as much real
feeding matter as an acre of the
heavier cropping turnips.
These two crops have almost the
same food value, the difference be-
tween them being that the carbohy-
drates OF carrots are principally sugar,
while in parsnips they are largely
starch. They may be used to advar-
tage for any kind of stock.
Carrots are particularly useful to
tempt the appetite of sick animals
when off their feed. A few of them
added to the feeding OF horses arc
well known to have good effect on
the skin and coat. There is no green
feeding better than carrot leaves for
dairy COWS.
A few drills of one or other of these
crops should be sown with the green
crop each year. Carrots are the heav-
Ter troopers of the two, but they re-
quire rather light soil. Where the soil
is strong parsnips are more likely to
succeed than carrots.
Cabbage deserves to be used in any
dairy country more extensively than
it is. 1t has about the same nutrit:ye
value as swedes and is a heavier crop
per. 1t has the further advantage Of
not causing an Objectionable flavor in
milk such as follows the use o: tt,r.
nips.
Still, in feeding cabbage to dairy
cows great care must be taken to be
sure that no unsound leaves are used
as unsound cabbage leaves cause a
most decided faint in the milk. 1t is
useful also for sheep feeding, either
for keeping the ewes in milk or for
fattening.
Kohlrabi is cabbage plant, with a
bulb like turnip growing on it's
stem. 1t is not such heavy cropper
as either cabbage or turrips. Both
the bulbs and the leaves may be used
for any kind of stock, including dairy
cattle, as kohlrabi does not faint the
milk.
Rape is one of the rapid growers
which is used principally for sheep
feeding by folding the sheep on it;
but, it may be used with advantage
for soiling cattle and farm horses.
Rape is a very nutritious food, con-
tanning practically twice as much al
buminoids as are found in cabbage.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04
BEST WAY. TO
HARVEST CLOVER
Employment Of Modern Machin-
cry In Gathering Hay Crop
Is Not Only Cheapest,
but Best.
(RY r.. B. RUSHING,

(B1 r. b. .RUSHING.)
II you undertake to harvest the clio.
yer crop In the old-fashioned way
to cut it and stir the thick spots by
hand, rake in -windrows, shock it up,
load it on wagons by, hand, fork 1t
into the barn and stack by hand you
will find, if you have very much. hay,
that it has taken too much time. 4.
The best way to harvest clover that
/ have ever tried is with the side de-
livery rake and hay loader, with hay
fork in the barn, or derrick if put in
the stack.
Start your. mower and then your
rake, which goes around the same
way the mower goes; as soon as your
hay has cured enough throw two. FIVE
foot swaths together, which makes
about the right sized windrow n
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04
Get Young Trees.

In buying fruit trees always buy
those but one year old from the graft
or bud. These cost less, are more
cheaply transported, live better and
can be started and trained into proper
shape, while those that have been
two or three years in the nursery have
started tops at all sorts of heights and
generally have too tall stems. The
nurserymen, knowing the liking of
most people for tall and large trees,
train them to sell. The yearling tree
is mere switch with live buds from
the crown of the roots to the top. and
with it one has chance to start his
trees as they should be started, with
low stems.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04

the tractor and to operate the levers
of the filling implement at the same
time.
The machine is particularly an or
chard tractor, having low. wide wheels.
narrow tread, short wheel base and a
short running radius. To obtain the
greatest efficacy the front wheels are
the traction as well as steering
wheels. novel departure in this type
of machine. 1t sells for $1,000.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04
savina Manure.

You will need lot of good fertiliz-
.er next spring and now is the time to
make provision for at least part of
1T. The poultry manureis highly nitro
genous and it is worth while giving 1t
special attention. There is no better
plan than to provide tight platforms
under the roosts. Keep the platforms
covered with rich phosphate. Sprin.
kle the same material over the drop
pings from day to day and collect the
manure about twice week and store
IN barrels or boxes. If an inch of
phosphate is spread over the top of
the filled boxes or barrels there will
be practically no loss of nitrogen.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04
Wel,.Rotted Manure.

1t is always desirable to have rotten
manure on hand for frame and green.
house work. as well as for special gar
den plots, to be used for root crops
and other vegetables which winter
best in soil enriched by the applica-
ton of rotten manure. This manure
may be hauled at any season OF the
year and be stacked where 1t will be
convenient when wanted for use.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04
The Wagner Apple.

The Wagner apple may become a
favorite in Pennsyl It succeeds;
well in various localities and the quail.
ity is 80 excellent that It merits the
attention Of all prospective growers.
Wagner belongs to the Northern Spy
group. although smaller than Spy. Il
is winter apple and fairly attractive
In color.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04
The Houdan areed,

The Houdan is the only French
breed that ever gained a stronghold
in America. The French people are
noted epicures. and the French breeds
of poultry are among the very best for
table purposes. II the Houdan was
better known It would become. stin
greater fayortte, for It possesses the
most desirable qualities for a table
fowl. The breast meat is plentiful and
- : hne texture. tender. rich and
juicy There is no breed Of equal
weight that will yield as much meat
~ ne Ho1dans. They dress with less
oi1al than any other breed.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04

The new type of gasoline farm trac-
tor as shown in the illustration was
suggested by the growing demand for
light farm tractor to take the place
of the two. four or six horse teams
used for blowing, narrowing and haul
ing on western ranches, says Popular
Mechanics. The special feature of the
machine is that it may be driven from
the seat of the ordinary wheel pillow
or harrow, enabling one man to drive
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04
Success Of Sorghum.

Sorghum Is well adapted to Okla-
homa, and it is known to exhibit a
certain degree Of drought resistance.
hence the crop can be grown success.
fully even in the semi-arid portions
Of the state. The Oklahoma expert.
ment station sows the seed on wen.
prepared seed bed. preferably in rows.
"a inches apart
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04
SAVING the Dirt.

Because of the fertilizing that has
been going on for years the soil of the
beet fields is regarded as too valua-
BILE to waste and many farmers are
now hauling back to fields the dirt
brought to the dumps and factories
on their beets. The first year of the
sugar industry the farmers were
paid both for beets and dirt. Later
the actual beets only were paid for
and the dirt was dropped at the DUNN.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04

Mexico stands squarely by the Unit,
"a States In that zelaya business. says
Troy Times. Our sister republic is
oatirely aware of the trouble-making
character Of the man who is trying
q run Nicaragua on the dictator
plan and has full share Of annoy.
|ance from the conditions In that neigh.
boring country. Mexico has learned
what peace. order and material devel.
0p1nent mean and has NO sympathy
ysish the xelayan style 81 cantanker.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04

There is no doubt that when King
Gnstave lays down the shipwrights
knife or the shoemaker's awl and re.
sumes the regal scepter. he will do SO
with an intimate knowledge of indus.
trial conditions which he could not
have obtained In any other way.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04

The Yale alumnus. who offers re.
ward Of 100000 to the person who
discovers an adequate remedy for tu.
berculosis. evidently. does not accept
the theory that fresh air is a sure
cure.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04

And now they're claiming in the
east that II 10 impossible to raise tur.
keys on account Of a disease called
blackhead. and that the disease ia
spread by the English sparrow. Funny,
II the sparrow spreads 1t, that It is,
not common in the west-the SPAR
row ID.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04

in the winter and
has been used
with success. Fig,
1 shows a drink
ing vessel, the
kind 6 e II rally
used. In Fig. 2,
"a" is the box;
B." the empty
powder can; &C."
small lamp or Ian
@n,.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04

Philadelphia scientists say that the
missing link has been discovered in
the cultured chimpanzee AS an alter
native we suggest the giver of monkey
dinners.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04

The king Of Sweden is getting prac.
tical lessons in hard work by going
about In disguise doing odd stunts in
the way Of coal heaving and other la
Dor. Like the good Haroun-al-R aschid,
tho king wants to know. 50 he goes
about to- get information at first hand
And there 10 no doubt that he will
accumulatc q stock Of knowledge RAJ,
Their unusual In the experience Of a
,reigning sovereign.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04

Cornell university says there are to
be no more babies after 2O59 A. D..
and dealers in baby goods will have to
mike hay while the stork flies.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04

tilation. and on
cold days places a
small lamp or Ian
tern in the can.
The heat from the
lamp keeps the wa
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04

& An Ohio authority says that drunk
enness is an evidence of insanity. 1t
is quite generally agreed now that 1t Is
q disease. but we still continue tc
treat It legally as a crime
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04

Having led the world In a tour
around the globe. our navy is now
proposing to lead In development at
home.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04

The idea of putting in meters to
measure telephone talk is good. but
will 1t be possible to devise meters
that will stand the strain?
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04

Kermit Roosevelt recently killed
two bongoes. We don't know just what
hongo is. but the probabilities are
that It is just as fierce man-eater as
the yamyam.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04

A Yale graduate has offered prize
OF 100000 for q cure OF consumption.
The. reward may stimulate effort, but
IN Justice to those who make It their
life profession to investigate disease
Il must be said that the ultimate good
to humanity has proved the greatest
spur to scientific discoveries.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04

Twice nothing is nothing, but that
rule does not apply when it comes to
figuring on the temperature that Is
twice as cold as zero.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04
Fig I,

This plan is simply a wooden box,
large enough to permit an empty pow
der can to set inside of same-under a.
hole cut in the top of the box. Over
this hole the drinking vessel contain
ing the water for the fowls is set.
In the bottom of the powder can is
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04

Brazil and Sweden have signed an
arbitration treaty. Now all they need
Is something to arbitrate.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04

AS the new Chinese minister to this
country cannot speak word of Eng
lish how in the world is he going to
ask questions?
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1910-02-04

It is a pity that the white plague
continues to stalk abroad when there
is 80 much fresh air at large.