The Detroit times., 1910-11-24
AMERICAN INVENTIONS
Win VARIOUS FIELDS
By FREDERIC ! HASKIN

mile cable on land and In shallf
water, and proved IL would woi
Then he organized a company, and
1857 the first cable was manufacture
The American and English govej
ments loaned their two finest bait
ships for laying the cable, but a q,
den strain on the paying-out machi
caused the cable To break A yd
later II was tried again. and this I'll
II was successful. However, only 4
messages were sent over II. Them
went out OF commission forever; nj
however, until the British governmd
had saved quarter OF a million d
lars by countermanding the order |
the removal OF troops in Canada.
1865 the Great Eastern was comm
stoned 10 lay another cable. Again
parted before the job was done. n
nine days they grappled with It. thu
times almost succeeding In getting
end up; but they were doomed to n
ure. A buoy was anchored where IN
left II and the Great Eastern return
TO port. Another company was org
ICED and the next year final succl.
crowned the effort.
The submarine cable is made up
five layers. The inner one is a RI
electric current. This is insula
with a layer OF gutta percha a quar-
OF an inch thick. and the electric
pulse finds IL easier TO travel throt
thousands OF miles Of wire II
through quarter of an inch OF gu
percha. Outside OF the gutta perl
Is a layer OF twisted jute. and
fourth layer is made of the steel wi
which keep the cable from breaki
Outside of this is a heavy tarred d
ering that protects II from the
water. The cable Is made by sin
machine process. Hazel Hill. in e
ern Canada, may be called the n,
center OF the world. Fifteen thous,
miles OF ocean cable center there. !
the news service OF the whole va
depends In measure upon the vi
OF the great plants located there. /
Time alone will be able TO tell n
vast is the debt of humanity to :
men who mastered the principleJ
anesthetics. Humphrey Davy. In ~
suggested that laughing gas" NH
be used in slight surgical operate
but 1t was not until Horace Welsh
enterprising dentist Of Hartford. Co
attended a lecture on Laughing &.
| that the idea of using it In dentiis
or surgery was concerned. Wells II
| suaded the lecturer. a Mr.. Coltona
administer the gas to him, and hada
friend. DR.. Riggs, pull tooth for b,
IL worked perfectly. Wells then Wa
to Boston to demonstrate the us&t
the gas before medical conventy
His gas bag exploded and the exp
ment ended in failure.
Sulphuric ether was we'll known
fore its anaesthetlc properties "
understood. and boys in laborat0il
often would have what they ter(
ether frolics," getting drunk by{
haling It. In 1899 young South oil
linian named White caught Nil
boy and foroibly made him a part
an ether frolic" He and his all
ciates held saturated cloth overdI
Negroes nose until he was insens.IE
4
When they tried to arouse him
could not, and concluded he was dy N
Medical aid was summoned, and ri
Negro was restored to consciousiJI
none the worse for his experie@|
Later White became a pupil OIL
Crawford Long. Of Georgia, and VII
man came to have tumor remtnl
from his neck they persuaded hitIl
take ether. He did so, and from
day forward anaesthesia has been III
in surgery the world over. II Is
that others have claimed the cri
but Longs work took place in
which is conceded to be the first on
ton ever performed with anaesth
Tomorrow-Scientifi Apparatul