Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1910-06-07


nothing In common with those of the
polyElot realm which paid tribute to the
caesars OF Byzantium; their social prob
lens and aftertime history were totally
dinerent. This is not true Of those new
| cations which spring direct from old nm
ions. Brazil, the Argentine the United
States. are all ''new' nations, compared
| with the nations of Europe: but with
| whatever changes In detail. their civiliza-
| ton is nevertheless Of the general Euro
| pean type, as shown in Portugal Spain.
| and England. The differences between
| these new American and these "oid'
| European nations are not as great as those
| which separate the ''new' nations one
from another and the "old" nations one
| from another. There are in each case
| very real differences between the new and
| the old acknowledgements both for good
| and for evil; but in each case there Is
the same ancestral history to reckon with.
! the same type of civilization. with it's at
tendant benefits and shortcomings; and.
| after the pioneer stages are passed, the
| problems to be solved. in spite of superb
| c1al differences, are in their essence the
same; they are those that confront all
| civilized peoples, not Shose that confront
peoples struggling from barbarism into
civilization.
So. when we speak OF the death" OF
o tribe, nation or q civilization, the term
may be used for either one or two totally
different processes; the analogy with
what occurs in biological history being
complete. Certain tribes Of savages, the
Tasmanians, for instance, and various lit
tie clans Of American Indians. have within
the last century or two completely died
out; all OF the individuals have perished
leaving no descendants, and the blood has
disappeared. Certain other tribes of
Indians have as tribes disappeared or
are now disappearing; but their blood
remains. being absorbed into the veins OF
the white tntruders. or of the black men
introduced by these white intruders: so
that in reality they are merely being
transformed into something absolutely
different from what they WERE
A like wide diversity In fact may be
covered in the statement that civiliza-
ton has "died out"
Phenomena That Puzzle.
In dealing, not with groups Of human
beings in simple and primitive relations.
but with highly complex, highly special
lied, civilized. or semi-civilized societies,
there is need Of great caution in drawing
anafogtes with what has occurred in the
development Of the animal world Yet
even in these cases it Is curious to see
how some Of the phenomena in the
growth and disappearance Of these COM
Pick, artificial groups of human beings
resemble what has happened in myriads
of instances in the history Of life on this
planet.
Why do great artificial empires, whose
citizens are knit by a bond of speech and
culture much more than by bond of
blood. show periods of extraordinary
growth, and again Of sudden or lingering
decay? In some cases we can answer
readily enough; in other cases we can
not as yet even guess what the proper
answer should be. If in any such case
the centrifugal forces overcome the CEN
tripetal the nation will Of course fly to
pieces, and the reason for its failure to
become dominant force Is patent to
every one. The minute that the spirit
which finds it's healthy development in
local self-government, and in the antidote
to the dangers Of an extreme centraliza-
ton, develops into mere particularisn,
into inability to combine. effectively for
achievement OF g. common end then 1t is
hopeless to expect great results. Poland
and certain republics ot the western
hemisphere are the standard examples Of
failure OF this kind; and the United States
would have ranked with them, and its
name would have become a byword of
derision, II the forces OF union had not
trfumphed in the civil war. So the
growth Of soft luxury after it has reached
a certain point becomes national danger
patent to all. Again, 1t needs but little Of
the vision of q seer to foretell what must
happen In any community II the average
woman ceases to become the mother of
family OF, healthy children. if the average
man loses the will and the power to work
up to old age and to fight whenever the
need arises. II the homely, commonplace
virtues die out. II strength Of character
tvanishes in graceful self-induIgence, If the
v1rtle qualities atrophy, then the nation
offset.
But there are plenty Of other phenom-
ena wholly or partially fnexpIfcable. It is
easy to see why Rome trended downward
when great slave-tilled farms spread over
what had once been a countryside Of
peasant proprietors. when greed and lux
ury and sensuanty ate like acids into the
fiber OF the upper classes, while the mass
OF the citizens grew to depend, not upon
their own exertions, but upon the state.
for their pleasures and their very liveli-
hood. But this does not explain why the
forward movement stopped at different
times, SO far as different matters were
concerned; at ono time as regards Ntera-
ture, at another time as regards architec-
ture, at another time as regards city
building. we cannot even guess why the
springs Of one kind Of energy dried up
while there was yet no cessation Of an
other kind.
Holland as an Example.
! Take another and smaller instances. that
of Holland. For a period covering
little more than the seventeenth century.
Holland, like some of the Italian city
states at an earlier period, stood on the
dangerous heights OF greatness beside ma
tons so vastly her superior in territory
and population as to make 1t Inevitable
that sooner or later she must fall from the |
glorious and perilous eminence to which
she had been raised by her own indon1fta-
BILE soul. Her fall came; it could not |
have been Indefinitely postponed: but Il |
came far quicker than It needed to come. |
because of shortcomings on her part to |
which both Great Britain and the United |
States would be wise to pay heed. Her
government was sinsularly Ineffective, the |
Decentralization being such as often to
permit the separatist, the particularist.
spirit OF the provinces to rob the central
authority Of all efficiency. This was bad |
enough. But the fatal weakness was that |
SO common In rich, peace-loving societies.
where men hate to think Of war as posi-
bic, ana try to justify their own reluctance
to face It either by high-sounding moral
p!atitudes or else by a philosophy of
short-sfghted matefialism. The Dutch
were very wealthy. They grew to be-
Ieve that they could hire others to do
their fighting for them on land: and on
sea. where they did their own fighting.
and fought very well, they refused in
time of peace to make ready fleets so ef-
hcient as either to insure the Dutch
against the peace being broken or else
to give them, the victory when war
came. To be opulent and unarmed is to
secure ease in the present at the almost
certain cost OF disaster in the future.
It IL therefore easy to see why Holland
lost when she did her position among the
powers; but It 10 far more dif1icuIt totex-
plain why at the same time there should
have come at least a partial loss of posi-
ton IN the world Of art and letters Some