The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1910-06-08

share. THROUGH q rehex action their
| influence then extended hack into the cold
I forests from ztiss he invaders had come,
and Germany ami Scandinavia witnessed
the rise oi communities with essentially
the same civilization as their southern
neighbors; though In thOse communities,
unlike the southern communities there
was no infusion of new blood. and In each
case the new civilized nation which gradu-
ally developed was composed entirely Of
members Of the same race which IN the
same region had for ages lived the life IT
a slowly changing barharism.
Again. the new form may represent
merely a splitting on from a long estab-
lished. highly developed aud specialized
nation. In thls case the nation Il usually
spoken ~ A. young and Is correctly
spoken OF aB a new. nation: but the
term should always he used with a clear
senae ~ tho difference between what Is
described In such casa and what i de-
scribed by the same term In speaking of
civilized nation just developed from a
barhaE.ssm. Carthage and Syracuse were
new Caies compared with Tyre and
COrinth: but the Greek or PhCrnician race
was In every sense of the word ~ nd IN
the new city a. in the old city. So now
adays Victoria or,Nlanitoba Is q new com
munity compared with England or Scot
]
and culture Is as Old In one case NJ IN the
other.
ARTIFICIAL NATIpNALITIBs.
Col Roosevelt illustrated his theme
copiOusly from tho history Of various
re-iOds. Then he went on:
The anthrppOlOKist and the historian
~ to-day reclize much more clearly than
tleir predecessors Of a couple Of genera
tons back how artificial most great
nations lities ere and how loose IL the
! terminolOgy usually employed to describe
them There Is an element 81 unconscious
and rather pathetic humor IN the sim
! plicity 81 half a century ago which spoke
nf the ATy-an and the feutOn with rever-
entail admiration. as II the words de-
noted not merely sOmsthing definite but
Something ethnOlogically sso 'ed. the writ
ers having much the same pride and faith
| in their own and their fellow country
mems purity Of descent from these inn
aginary Aryan or Teutonic ancestors
that was felt a few generations earlier by
the various noble families who traced
their lineage direct 10 Odin. Mneas or
| Noah Nowadays of course all students
recognize that there may not he and often
| h not the slightest connection between
| kinship in blood and kinship in tongue
Most Of the greet societies which
have developed a high civilization and
have played a dominant part In the world
have been and are -artifciaB not merely
n social structure but in the sense Of in
/ Guiding totally different race types A
| great nation rarely belongs to any one
race, though it, citizens generally have
one essentially national speech. Yet the
curious fact remains that thesc great arti-
fetal societies acquire such unity that
in each one all the parts feel a subtle
! sympathy and move or cease 20 move.
| 60 forward or 90 hack. all together IN
| reNpdRss 20 some stir 0F thrObbtng. very
powerful End vet not 70 he disosrned by
our sensss. National unity il FAR more
/ Gpt than race unity 20 he a feet to reckon
/ with. until indeed we come o. race differ
cnces as fundamental az thOse Veich
divide from ons another the half dozen
| great ethnio divisions IT mankind, when
/ they became 80 important that differ
ences Of nationality. speech and creed
sink into httleness.
CAUSE ~ HIsTORT
why do great artificial empires, whOae
Citizans are knit ~ a bond Of speech aud
culture much more than by a bond %
bloud. show DeriOds Of extraordinary
growth. and again ~ sudden Or lingering
( decay? In some cases W. can answer
r, adily enough, In other eases We can
not as vet even guess what the proper
answer should be N in any such case
, the centrifugal forces overcome the osn-
| tripsta the nation will Of oourse Nv IN
pieces. and TIE reason for is failure q
/ become a dominant force j. patent 20
every one The minute that the spirit
which finds Nts healthy development In
/ local h-goyernment and II the antidots
70 the dangers n an extreme CentTahza-
ton. develops into mere particulartsm
/ into Inabihtf ~ combine effectively for
/ achievement " a common end. then h h
! hopeless IN expect great results Poland
and CERTAIN republics ~ ths Western
Hemisphere are the standard examples Of
/ failure of this kind and the United States
would have ranked WITH them and its
name would have become a bywOrd Of
derision Il the forces of union had not
/ triumphed in the Ciyll war M the
! growth o. soft luxury after u has reached
a certain point becomes a national danger
patent b all Again IL needs but little Of
the vision u a seer = iOretall what must
happen IN any community II the average
woman aea-es 70 become the mother Of a
family II healthy children. Il the average
man loses the will and the power % work
up n old age and 20 ight whenever the
need arises II the hOmely. commonplace
virtues die out. " strength u charact-r
vanishes In graceful self-indulgence. IL the
virile qualities ataOphy. then the nation
has lost what no material prosperity can
Offset
4 large part Of the lecture u devot a
g applying the principles laid down
. an examination ~ q the causes Of the
rise and fall II TIE Roman Empire. the
Dutch Republic. TIE Italian republics
u the Middle Ages, TIE conflict between
Arab and pOst-Roman civilization He
pointed out that the present supremacy
u the white race was Of essentially MOI
ern growth He cat d tie sudden awak-
ening - JaDan and tue present revival ~
lberban energy IN the republics 81 south
America a. changes analogous u those
u evolution IN TIE animal kingdom
The lessons OF the past. he said. gave much
concern for the future; alsO much hope
NO man Is more apt 70 be mistaken than
the prophet " evil
a nation that seemingly dies may be
horn again. said he, and even though
In the physical sense it die utterly, Il may
yet hand down history Of heroic achieve
ment. aud for all time % come may pro
foundry influence the nations that arise
IN is place by the impress Of what II has
done. Best Of all Is Il . DO our part wei.
and At the same time u sse our blood live
Young and vital IN men and women 10 70
take up the task a. We lay " down, for
80 shall our seed inherit the earth But
u this. which " best. ~ denied Va. then ~
least II n ours n remember that II we
CHOOSE We can be- torch bearers, as our
fathers were before Us
TIVE PREsEST DAT
In the first part Of this lecture ! sifs~
certain analogiea betWeen what had oc-
CURED 10 forms Of animal life through
the procession of the ages on this planet
and that kaa a-etVrraa~ .0A - ,s,-fsv~trs .