The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1910-10-05

1 ~ - eYe 3$.S
- 81 sssss q ~ *s6sshi5 81 ~ {3> 8
81 tss sounasslcn soii under &c
yoeungs. unless such footings ers
nrot undsr.pinned. o. otherwise
! lgopsrly projected against sstt!e-
sns during the progTsss OF Ne
~ SoIfs. Dsfssrsss soiis' sxcis1-
ulAg loam. black soil. and mud. at ne
t3ottom Of the footinge. ehAli BE-
d3semsd TO safely sustain the follow.
Ing loads to the superficial foot.
Ordinary clay ana sand together
senns per square foot.
~ Clay or nne sand. firm and airy.
three CD tons per square foot.
y Very Arm coarse sand. stiK gravel.
G hard clay, four ca tons par
Sec: I. PRESSURE UNDER
loads sxertins pressure under the
footings Of foundations In buildings
more than three ca stories In height
are to be computed as follows;
FOR warehouses and factories. the
full dead load and 1856 of the live
load
In stores and buildings used for
ugnt manufacturing purposes the
load
In churches. schoolhouses and
places Of public amusement or as
sembly. the full dead load and 70ss
OF the live load.
In Office buildings. hotels. dwell
ings. apartment houses. tenement
hOnaea tndQipo hnssaaa and atahlaQ
the full dead load and sos Of the
Footinss shall be designed 90 that
the loads will be as uniform ~ pos
sible, and not In excess OF the safe
bearing capacity OF the soil as es-
tabiished by Section or this Artf-
Gle.
Variations from the above re-
quirements may be had only on spe-
cial and written permission OF the
Department OF Buildings.
Sec. 5. FOUNDATIONS. No foun-
dalton wall shall be built upon
black soil. No Foundation wall
shall be built on fiiled ground. ex-
cept for frame buildings not over
two stories In height. Founda-
lions shall be proportioned for the
actual average load they Will
carry In the completed and occu-
pied building. and shall be carried
down TO sand. gravel. hard clay or
rock. except where piles are used
Limits except sheds. and except
frame buildings not over twenty
1--WE (25) feet high from sill to
plate. shall have foundations OF
brick. stone. iron, steel or concrete
laid on solid ground. or upon piles
I ar ranging timbers, when solid
4sarth or rock 10 not found
~ At,tIA
over twenty-five (25) feet high
from sill to plate may be set on
Cedar posts or on isolated masonry
piers not less than IL inches ny
IL inches.
sec. .. PILES Piles may be OF
wood or OF concrete and set by
driving or be moulded into place.
and they shall be spaced TO safely
carry the superimposed load.
No pile shall be weighted with
load exceeding nifty thousand
(50.G00) pounds.
Driven piles must be sent TO
solid bearing IL practical. II plies
are not driven to refusal, Its self
sustaining power shall be deter
mined tU the following formulas.
via:
Twice the weight Of the hams
mer In tone. multiplied by the fait
in feet. divided by the least pene-
tration OF the pile In inches plus
one, under the last blow.
Concrete piles shall have their
tuai test In loading. unless In the
opinion OF the Department OF Build
ings. this has been previously done
under similar circumstances ana
with similar earth, and to the sat-
isfaction OF the Department OF
wooden piles 81 20 feet or less
smaller end OF less dimension than
five inches. nor at the butt end
less than 10 iuchep When ~ g
more feet In leng ca the sln&uef end
shall not be less than ave inches
and the butt end not less tnan -
The top Of all wooden piles shall
be cut OF at least nine I'D Inches
below the lowest water line or the
line Of permanent wet earth. Con-
crete shall be rammed down INTO
the spaces between the plies AT
least ten u0) inches and Tor at
least twelve u2) inches outside OF
every pile. thoroughly sealing the
heads OF piles.
n pile construction Is used UNDER
water. and ranging and Gaping
timbers are used for foundations,
these timbers shall not be less
than ak (6) inches thick. properly
ioined together and the tops iaiu
below the wats- mark. ro,,Sn.
TON No foundation wall. pier or
post OF any building or structure
shall start at less depth below
the finished grade than three and
one half f3A) feet, and In build
ings without cellars or Easements.
when the first floor Is carried by
wooden beams or joints. the sod
and all soil containing organic
space below the joists thoroughly
Sec. =. MATERIALS FOR FOUN-
DATIONS.--COATiN The walls
of cellars or Easements below the
grade must be protected from
dampness by an exterior coating OF
Portland cement mortar. or by hot
asphalt. tar or other waterproof
material, approved az such by tile
Department of Buildings.
Sec .. FOOTINGS. The footings
courses under walls shall be or
stone, concrete, brickwork or steel
beams bedded 'iu plain concretes re-
inforced concrete or combination
of any OF these. with sufficient pro-
lection on each side of wall to dis
tribute the weight OF the super
structure. according to the bearin e
quality OF the soil or the earl
underneath.
The thickness of footing courses
are TO be proportioned. SO that the
Offset of the outer edge OF the bot
tom of the lower footing course
shall not exceed an angle Of forty
Ave (45) degrees from the face of
the wall resting on such footin q
course or courees
IL steel or iron beams OF rails
are used In footing courses this
angle need not be maintained. Tie
beams or rails must be properly
proportioned and set to evenly dis
tribute the load over the whole OF
the bearing. All such beams or
rails must be bottled together and
laid on a concrete bed. and must
be entirely covered or Embedded in
Portland concrete.
,aeAIl cavities between such beams
or rails must be hlled with thin
concrete.
saThe mortar for footings must be