The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1910-09-25

riss and spread % wahablsm 10 the early
part 90 the nineteenth century caused
alarm 20 the British designs; and attempts
we're made to engage lbrahim. son OF Mo-
BANNED Ali of Egypt. who nnally broke
down the uprising. to serve the English
cause. Since then tho scope 81 Enslish
action has increased. and many 81 the petty
Sultans and tribal chiefs along tho eastern
and southern shores are either In British
nay or under East Indian influence. Tho
Island 81 BahTein In the Persian Gulf 10
pract ically an English possession; while
the semi-independent region El-Iiasa, nomi-
nally Turkish. as related above. H. COM
pletely under English supervision. In 1850
Alden becams a second Gibraltar. and the
island Of Perrin guards the straits ~ Bab-
el-Mandeb In fact, the whole hinteTla nd
Of Alden. into which British influence has
been pushing apace II known To the natives
as Beled-el-EnRris, that II, English coun-
try. since i70s the ruler Of husCat on the
coast OF Oman has been within the British
circle. although his independence has been
guaranteed by the treaty OF is82 between
France and England. The petty princes OF
Sheher and Makalla in the HAdramaut have
intimate relations with Bombay. and the
most important OF the Hadrami chiefs.
Awdhal-Euwaiti. lives permanently &C the
court otthe Nizam AZ IIyderAbad. Tho con
troll of Egypt and the building Of Port Suakin
on AhF Heu NfA 10 W foInltfAt Nuo fUNNAbp-
ing movement which might have placed
the whole 81 Arabia under the commercial
control. at least. Of England.
The awakening Of Turkey has again, in |
this instance, rome AZ tho right moment
to save he Land In which Islam had it, birth
from tho hand of the iniidel. but even II
England relinquishes that which many
suppose 70 he It's ultimate ObJect. the safe
guarding of the interests OF it, possessions
India namanHa that ahOtald ha IN
the alert In tho northeast corner Of the
Arabian peninsula lies the fertile oasis q
Koweit. II II the chief entrance into south
cru Mesopotamia and into northern Arabia.
it, sultan Mubarok Is in British pay, and
only few years ago England insisted
against Turkey upon its rights acquired there.
II fears that the building Of the Bagdad
railway will hurt It's claims to supremacy
in tho Persian Gulf and make the defence
% India NJ III more dficult A. all hazards
u docs not wish To Ia, tho entrance Ia the
Gulf pass into other hands This will eX-
plain its unwillinRneSs to foreRo tho rights
~ he Lynch TiRris and Rurhrates Steamship
COMPANY. which INV illingnsss caused the
fall Of the Hilmi Cabinet last year Since
isai this company has had n virtual mon
opoly of the river traf1r lt- present fusion
with the ottoman Hamdieh Company in
which one.hah " the shares are in English
and ons-haf IN Turkish hands. gives the
new comppnv exclusive nav iRation rights
on the TiRris NJ N Mosul and on the Eu-
pirates up to Miskeneh In addition to
his plans for irriEat ing and making arabic
tho plain between the TiRris and the Eu-
pirates as they converge to the Persian
Gulf Sir william WILCOX showed mo in
Const antInople last September plans for
railroad connection Of the Persian Gulf
and the Mediterranean littoral. which would
he serious competitor 20 the BasdHd
railroad
EngIands plea no doubt would he that
there Was really no established govern
ment in Arabia. that u had tried TO bring
some semblance OF order and restraint
among the lands held by the princelets
Of the coastal regions. and that II was con
serving legitimate aims In assuring the
safety Of it, Fast Indian commerce, ~
u IL also doing through its surveillance
over southern Persia. In addition II could
claim that with very few exceptions -Midhat
Pasha IN E-Ha~a in 1874. Mukhtar Pasha
in Yemen IN 1872. Mohammed and IbrAhim
pasha IA the NcJd in 1915 Constantinople
has never really tried 20 make its rule
elective over the greater part Of the
Arabian peninsula
n Turkey feels strong enough n attempt
the pAci alton Of Aral Ia and 10 anne 4
~ ~ an integral Part Of the Ottoman state /
there ~ no doubt that England will stay /
her hand and require nothing but a r~cog-
milton ~ those actual rights that she has |
already obtained. That England lustS after |
territorial possessions in the peninsula may |
well be doubted. What she wants 10 |
security and facility for trade and an as /
surance that no competing Power shall |
take her place in the Red SEA and In the !
Persian Gulf. The very activity Of England
will have shown the Porte the value of these
outlying prosecutions and have taught II the |
value of commanding the southern outlets |
Of it, Asiatic dorninions
RICHARD GoTTHEIL.
PANS. september