Arizona republican., 1910-11-05

ate and assembly.
 North Carolina constitution of 1776
 in force to 1868:
 The legislative power vested in 8 senate and house of commons
 Pennsylvania constitution of 1776, 1T
 force at time of adoption of constitu- tiOn of United States
 The supreme legislative power is vested in house of representatives.
 Delaware constitution of 1776, con- tinued in force at time of adoption ot the constitution of the United States 1 The legislative power is vested in The general assembly of Delaware"
 South Carolina constitution of 1776 in force until ITS, and constitution of ITS in force until 179O, and until after the adoption of the constitution of the United States:
 Under both constitutions the legis- lative power is vested in a representa- tive body, under different names. Maryland constitution of 1776, in force until 1851:
 Legislative power vested in "the gen. eral assembly of Maryland" Massachusetts constitution of 17S0, and still in force:
 Legislative power vested in d senate | and house of representatives. Virginia constitution of 1776, in force until 1880:
 Legislative power IS vested in the general assembly of Virginia" l New Hampshire constitution of 1776, in force until 17S4. and constitution of l7S4 in force until adoption of the con- stitution of the United States: Vests legislative power in a repre- sentative body. under different names. Georgia constitution of TIT, in force at time of adoption of constitution of the United States:
 Vests the legislative power in rep resentative body.
 Charter-RhOde Island remained un- der its charter of 1863 until 1S42:
 The legislative power is vested in the general assembly.
 Charter-COnnectic remained un- der it's charter of 1862 10 ISIS: Legislative power is vested in a gen. eral assembly.
 Judicial Definition.
 The phrase republican form of gov ernment" as used in the constitution, therefore, means a government by rep .resentation.
 The supreme court of the United States, the final authority in~all mat ters touching the constitution, has de- clared such to be the mtaning of the term.
 Tt is true that the United States guarantees to every state d republican nf nrsfaf anf1f iC o1c f,-,,a that no state can pass q bill of attain der, and that no person can be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. All these several provisions of the constitution must be construed in connection with the oth- CT parts of the instrument and in the light of the surrounding circumstances.
 The guaranty is of a republican form of government. No particular government is designated as republican, neither is the exact form to be guaran- teed in any manner especially desig- mated. There as in other parts of the instrument, we are compelled to resort elsewhere to ascertain what was in- tended.
 The guaranty necessarily implies duty on the part of the states them selves to provide such a government. All the states had governments when the constitution was adopted In all the people participated to some extent, their representatives elected in the manner specially provided. These governments the constitution did not change They were accepted precisely as they were, and it is, therefore, to be presumed that they were such as it was the duty of the States to pro- vide. Thus we have unmistakable evil dence of what was republican in form within the meaning of that term as employed in the cons s-itutiOn.''-Minor vs. Happersett 21 Wallace. page 175.
 By the constitution a republican form of government is the guaranty | to every state in the Union, and the | feature of that form is i the right of the people to choose their | own officers for governmental admin | stration, and pass their own laws in | virtue of the legislative power repOsed | in representative bodies whose legitim- | ate acts may be said to be those of | he people themselves; but, while the people are thus the sources of political | power, their governments, national and state, have been limited by written | and they have themselves hereby set bounds to their own power IS against the sudden impulses of nere majorities. In re-Duncan, 139 J. S, page 461.
 Tn the case of Downes vs. Bidwell, in he opinion of the court of date May