davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-10-26
CONGRESSIONAL
CAMPAIGNS
1.-THE Formation of Parties.
By Frederick j. Haskin.

The first Congress of the United States
under the Constitution was chosen i'll n
haphazard fashion that did not arise u
the dignity o: a general campaign. Amer
leans seem TO have the habit of believing
that their political world was called into
being by a constitutional fiat in the year
17SI. Important as that Constitution has
become in later years. sacred as il now
is. the people of the country in 1ISS gave
difficulty to accept il in the nature of an
experiment.
During the long quarrel between the
people OF the American colonies and the
English king the colonists were divided
into two parties. bearing the English
names of whig and tory. The wings were
the aggressive patriots and the tories
were the conservative and cautious 10y
alists. When the revolution came the
wings were patriots and the tories were
prescribed and GespiSeG traitors. After
the colonies had won the war and had
become thirteen Independent republica n
states united Only by that rope of sand
the Articles of Confederation. the tories
were driven into exile or compelled to
osta from political activity. Then the
whi@ party divided upon questions of con-
federation policy But for the most part
the peoplc were selfish adherents to local
state interests and tho shadow of a con
federate government almost entirely dis
appeared
y foreign shipmast er whose vessel was
at anchor in the Potomac river under
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-10-26

In ,I9; Gen Washington having re-
fused a third term. the two parties fof
the first time went
Presidency Is Prize into battle with
the presidency at
for First Time. stake the federal
lists supporting John Adams and the dem
ocrats Thomas jefferson. There were
then sixteen states and the presidential
electors were chosen by the legislatures
in ten of them. Adams was elected Pres
ident. but the federalists were unable TO
capture the House of REPRESENTATIVES,
dftv-fou,. democrats and ffty-one federal
lists being elected The federalists were
successful in state Legislative contests.
however and increa sed their majority in
the Senate having twenty-one as against
eleven democrats.
II the democratic electoral votes had
been masSed Adams would have been de-
feated The knowledge of this fact and
the possession of u slight advantage in
the House Of Representatives caused the
democrats to view with suspicion every
act of the administration. Adams utter
lack OF tact contributed 10 democra tic
distrust Thus il came about that the
party division was made absolute and
federalists and democrats began TO hate
one another. Then came the first great
political campaign of our history
observation-disclosures Campaigns.
lII-The Camuairn of i.OS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-10-26
French Plate Mirrors. 900,
Note

Some idea of the
size Of these Mir
rors is CLEANED
when YOU glance at
the width of three
columns of Your
Star and learn that
the smallest mirror
is wider than these
three columns. Best
in every respect.
guaranteed without
speck or flaw and
only &c.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-10-26
Slight Consideration
for Continental Congress

orally was held IL open contempt. There
is goo< reason TO believe that the
mass Of the people expected the new ex-
pertinent in government 10 succeed. The
senators and representatives elected to
Congress r-.are SO careless as 10 delay
their attendance, SO that more than
month was wasted il vain efforts TO OBJ
tain a quorum North Carolina and
RHODE Island had not yet come into the
Union, 50 that there were twenty-five
senators and sixty-fve representa- tives in
the first Congress which sat in lew York
il the spring OF 1883.
All of the senators. having been elected
by legislatures which had ratified the
Constitution. We're fede-a!ists- Fifty
three of the sixty-five representatives
also We're federalis.s. but in the Hous :
there was a tiny minority of twelve anti
federalists. who had been elected chiefly
because they had been opposed TO the
adoption of the Constitution. IL sool
became apparent. however. that the new
experiment was worthy of fair IT al
and opposition to the Constitution soon
completely disappeared.
The new Constitution having been ac-
Cepted. but human nature rot having
been revolutionized. the political clans
again divided on the question OF how the
Constitution ought TO be Interpreted. The
party names federalist and anti-feder alist
were continued, but with a new meaning.
The federalists We're those who bel eyed
in strong centIa! government and a
IoOs- or broad construction Of the Con
stitution. while the anti-federalists wer1
tenacious of the rights of the states and
demanded strict construction of the
fundamental law President Washington
feared the division of the people into
hostile political camps and did his best
TO keep down political agitation He in
vited into his cabinet Alexander Hanil
ton foremost among the broad construc-
tionists, and Thomas Jefferson the leader
of the strict conStructioniStS. But this
administrative act could not prevent II
division of opinion in the Congress. which
was charged with the business of max
ing statutory provisions for establishing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-10-26
Maryland Shipmaster
Defed Virginia.

wharfmaster at Alexandria. Va. His ship
was discharsing and taking on cargo at
Alexandria, and vet he was acting under
the authority of Maryland law in defying
the Virginia authorities thirty feet away.
This condition of affairs was intolerable
Efforts TO induce the state legislatures
10 grant TO the Continental Congress
power to control the tariff and to reeu-
late commerce had proved unsuccessful
But In the Virginia legislature Mr..
Madison brought up the case of the
Alexandria wharfmaster and tho foreign
ShirmaSter and succeeded in procuring
authorization for conference of Mary
land and Virginia representatives for the
esta olistIment OF mutual commercial reg
ulauonS- This conference. which met at
Alexandria and later moved to Mount
Vernon. decided to invite the other CEN
trail NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. New Jersey
and Della Tare-tO subscribe to the same
system OF commercial treaties. Out OF
this grew the Annapolis convention.
which in turn called a constitutional con-
vention which submitted to the people of
the states that document which created
the American republic.
When the Constitution was submitted
the people at once divided into two par
ties. those urging its adoption taking the
name =: federatiStS. and those in Opposi
ton that of anti-federalists. BY the mid
die of the summer OF 11SS eleven Of the
states had ratified the Constitution and
elections We're held in the various states
for representatives. the legislatures chose
the senator's. and presidential electors
were SeiecteG-iD five states by the peo-
Pile and in the others by the legislatures.
In some states each district chose it's Tep-
resentative in Congress when it pleased.
while in others there was a state wide
election day. Most of the elections con-
tinued for three days, and the voting was
viva voce.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-10-26

ton to the voters The proposition is
drawn to amend article l, section G. This
section was previously amended by
amendment No. > and the anti-suffra gists
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-10-26

house Of Congress. but were not success
mi ,h. democrats increa sing their ma :
ioritv from three to thirteen
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-10-26
Correction of Errors.

In his closing speech Prof. LammaSch.
president of the tribunal. said: We hope
that the award which the tribunal has
agreed upon may contribute 10 the sta
bil;y OF a-ti;ral jurisdiction. recognizing
as 1t dos in principle the iTmutaoie
character of arbitral awards. while a the
same time admitting that in cases Like
the present one agreeme bet~ zen the
parties may result in exceptions. az times
useful and justified. The decision upon
the different claims embra ced In tbs lti-
CATION il the one logical consequence o.
these principles upheld oy the tribunal.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-10-26

maintain that To he effective the new
amendment must refer to amendment two
and not article I, section q. which no
longer exists.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-10-26
HAGUE TRIBUNAL AWARD
REGARDED AS PRECEDENT
Unanimous Decision That Errors in
Venezuelan Barge Award Should
Be Corrected.

William Cullen Dennis, agen, for the
United States in the Venezuelan ar5itra-
tion. has reported To the State Depart
ment that the tribunal. in It's decision,
unanimously declared the barge award
void as TO several items. and awarded to
the claimants si2.612.G t IN place of SIS.
2.l 80 allowed by the barge award The
total claim was for 81 10000 Il is said
at the department that the decision * i'm
portant. however. in that ii recognizes
that exceeding Of powers and essential
error may be grounds for holding void an
int irrational award. as commended by the
United States government.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-10-26
More Interest in
Second Election.

first election. and thistle first off
Of ffty-five federalists and fourteen anti
federalists. The fcGeraiist victory was
complete. but the Senate showed change
of sentiment that presaged the coming
division, there being seventeen federalsts
and thirteen anti-feGeralists in the upper
house. In the First Congress the Sem
ate had been solidlv federalist, in the
Second Congress that party had ma
GRITTY of but two.
The fedeIalists acknowledged the per-
sonal leadership OF Hamilton, while the
opposition was aptained by jefferson.
who soon abandoned the title o. anti
federalist and gave his following the
name of democratic-repubiican party.
The members of the party usually short
ened this name to republican" but the
federalsts In derision always called
their opponents democrats" In the full
ness OF time the name given in derison
was adopted in pride. just was the ap-
peilation christian, and the party drop
ped the co-title republican and ever
since has been known as the democratic
party The word republican was first
dropped generally in 1924. but remained
in use in many states until 1850.
In 1,92 Washington was reelected Pre-:
ident being supported both by the fed
eralists and tie democrats. But the two
parties fought hard for congressional con-
,rol and for the first time. the FEEDER
aHsts were defeated. the democrats re-
turning fifty-four members of the House.
as against fifty-one federalists. giving d
democratic majority Of three. Eui the
there were eighteen federalists and
twelve democrats. In the ''off" year
election of 1874 the federalists made vio-
! lent efforts TO gain control of the lower
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-10-26

In lIaG Gen Washington iaV.ns re
fused "a third term the two parties 10
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-10-26

When the time came 10 choose the
members of the Second Congress there
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-10-26
Hair Combs, l5c.
Best &c Quality.

Mems and Women's with aii-coarSe
ana coarse and fine teeth. : and . inch
lengths. Two for pr.ce of one-two
for Do
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-10-26

of living. He gave his home as Ches-
ter, Pa
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-10-26

The Continental Congress. after the
close o. the war, had Deen treated witt
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-10-26
Nail Brushes, 21c.
Some Were SJOo

Habtudlly used. they will help the
healthy growth OF the nails 4 knife
should never he used
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-10-26
Tooth Brushes, 7c and l0c.

Vt &c Standard sc Brushes-hose YOU find eve
drug store Vt Imported Brushes which soc Il
standard price Every with guaranteed brist!es.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-10-26

Tho supply of LiSterine and the
Wash Rags beng limited. the
distribution is confined to readers
of our announcement
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1910-12-17

Memphis; c. A. Yancey. Sikeston
Mo.
BELVEDERE = Eugene Wood
Northport, l.. l.; o. Z. Nave, Evans.
willie; Charles Durfee and wife. Col.
'conda; George p. Rogers. Smithland';
r. G. Matthews. Owensboro: John
Carter. Eddyville; r. W. Cassidy
Cairo; J. w. Grady, Gilbertsville; r
J. Waters. Kuttawa.
NEW RICHhMOND-R A. Fakes
Model. Tenn; l.. Z. Morrow. Hick-
man; Z. b. Northcutt. Jackson
Tenn; A. e. Smith, Crossett, Ark.
Sam Hnnsford. Perryville. Tenn.
L. Mcdaniel. Benton; VI. +. Payne,
Fredonia: Lee Ward. Metropolis.
ST. NICHOLAS-Tom Winborn
Savannah, Tenn. John w. Fry, Mel.
Der: c. C. Dietze Memphis; f. G.
Gossom, Fulton; L. E. Arnold. Per.
ryville; G. II. Haywood, Louisville;
Albert Moon, Hopkinsville; L. l.
Cooper, Benton.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1910-12-17
wcek,. Rank ClcarinQs.


New York. Dec. i7.-Dun's Re
view says:
Bank exchanges this week again
make an Indifferent comparison with
previous years. the total at all lead
ing cities In the United States
amounting to only s2.6S2.555.750. a
loss OF 1914 per cent. compared with
the same week last year and of 1s. 2
compared with 1906. The decrease
at New York city Is very large. 20 3
and 27.s respectively. and though
tbs is chiefly due TO decreased oper-
ations In the speculative and fnan-
cial markets Il also probably reflects
some slowing down In other COM
mercial lines.
AZ cities outside New York the
total shows loss OF 60 per cent.
compared with last year and only
five out OF the thirteen reporting
make gains. namely. Baltimore.
Minneapolis. ST. Louis. Kansas City
and San Francisco. All OF these
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1910-12-17
The Evening Suns Daily Markets.

wide difference OF opinion as to The
business outlook for 1911 and this
produces some hesitation. wliile the
end OF the year - usually a period Of
slowing down and taking stock.
In iron and steel there are no IN
dioations that any dgninrant change
is imminent. Rail requirements OF
the New York Central system cf
1911 were estimated as being
iO5. goo tons. larger figure than
expected. but some questions OF
spec Vacations are involved. ne in the
case OF the Pennsylvania. Inquiries
for rolling stock are not numerous.
Structural steel makes the most en-
oOuraging shOw IN vo,ume az new
business received. yet the margin Of
profit q small bccaure Of the prevail.
ing low prices on fabricatinR ma
terial. The tonnage o( structural
work for the scar. however. equals
the best previous record. Buyers Of
, pig iron are reluctant to cover their
needs freely and restrictions Of out
put continue. Al the present state
Of curtailment the product may soon
fall below The demand
II Is The height OF The buying sea-
lson m retah dry goods markets and
the quiet obtaining IN job markets Is
seasonable and due In part TO inyen-
tory time. Primary cotton goods
markets are quiet and even dull on
staples. the lack OF reports 10 the
government cotton estimate being q
keen disappointment. Yarns are
lethargic and cotton yarn mills are
disposed to limit production closely.
Knitters are buying more woolcn and
worsted yarns. There has been some
Improvement in dress goods. for
spring and fall lines promise TO b.
more attractive than usual. The sik
mills are firmer In their demands Tor
higher prices.
Trade IN boots and shoes II stal
far from active. the present time
usually being a quiet period owing 10
the fact that most OF the travelling
falesmen are coming home for the
holidays.
Prices are. quiet on the low grade.
but the price question Is not a dis
turb.ng factor.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1910-12-17
LIvEsrOCx.


St. Louis. Dec. 7.-Cattle-Re-
ceipts. 1000 head. including 500
Texans. Steady to strong. Native
shipping and export steers. sG.40a
no; dressed beef and butcher
steers. s6.0O6 $50: steers under
900 pounds. $500 a $50: stockers
s3.75m5.75: cove and heifers. 1926
G5.75: cows and heifers. $325G
ESQ: Gamers, s2.75G3.25: calves
200: Texas and Indian
steers. sf5065.GO; cows and heif-
ers. sS.O0d45O.
Receipts. $500 head
Steady to lower. Pigs and lights
$3.50 500; packers. $500 $50:
butchers and best heavy, $1,000
$50.
Sheep-Receipts. 700 head.
Steady. Native muttons. s3.50G
400; lambs. $500 coo: stockers,
S2.OOn 800.
Louisville, KY, Dec. 17-Cattle-
Receipts. 100 head Market quiet
and unchanged. Range. 2d5&c.
Hogs-Receipts, 900 head. Market
15c higher. Selected hogs and all
weights. 1915; roughs out at s7d5
down.
Sheep and IIambs-lRe ceapts. so
head. Steady. Fat sheep, &c down ;
lambs, best. ; Nc down.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1910-12-17
TOBACCO MARKETS.

Louisville. Dec. 1.-THE offerings
on the local breaks follow: Burley
new 434. old 442: dark new eS. old
as. Original inspection. $40: re
views. ne Total, $50.
One hundred and ten hogsheads Of
old Burley were sold at s5.s5 10
$3.50 and 80 hogsheads OF new bur
Icy at $3.50 to $3.50. Reflections.
The Farmers warehouse sold So
hogsheads OF Old hurley at SEQ 20
Sl7 and % hogsheads OF new burs,y
at s4.95 to STATS.
The Home Warehouse sold 81
hogsheads OF old hurley al $3.50 10
SIS and % hogsheads Of new hurley
at S4.4O to $3.50.
state Warehouse sold 80 hhds. old
hurley az Sc 10 to $3.50. and IS
hhds. new hurley at si.55 to si5.
Pickett Warehouse sold i26 hhds,
old hurley at s4.s5 20 sf3. and IA
hhds. new dark at IS 20 1910. RE-
iections. Z.
Kentucky Warehouse sold 81
mus. oiu DufieN AZ fo.41 10 Sio'i 20
and n hhds new hurley at 81 80 10
$3.50. aud 25 hhds. old dark nj
$5.75 to slO.50. and 25 hhds. new
dark at s5.O5 to siO.25.
The Ninth-street warehouse sold
90 hogsheads OF old hurley at s5.S5
to sfS.75: Is OF new hurley at $3.50
10 s14.25: 10 OF new dark at $3.50
10 si1.00.
The Louisville warehouse sold as
hogsheads OF old hurley at $3.50 10
SIC and and 10 of new hurley at
$3.50 to $500.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1910-12-17
Christmas Gifts

Suit Cases and Travel
ing Bags for men.
Leather Collar Bags
75c to $500.
Cloth Brush, Hat Brush
and Tie Rack on a mir
rored panel; Travelling
Sets.
Combination Sets of
iewelry: Three pieces,
Cuff Buttons and Pin to
match; also sets of But
tons. Pin and Tie Clasp
TO match. They come in
gold or odd settings.
Full Dress Mulller, Tie
and Gloves, in a hand
some ease; Tuxedo Muf'
her, Tie and Gloves, in "a
pretty ease. Pure Linen
Handkerchiefs, plain and
initial, 8 in a box, $50
TO $500. s
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1910-12-17
New York Money Market.

New York. Dec. 17.-Close-
Prime mercantile paper 5d5h per
cent.
Sterling exchange steady. with
actual business in bankers bills at
S4.S23564.S2.45 for 60 day bills,
and at Sass. 40 for demand.
Commercial bills s4.S1.75 q
4S2.12h.
Bar silver 54%c.
Mexican dollars i5c.
Government bonds steady; rail
road bonds firm.
Money on call steady. ga GSk
per cent; ruling rate 81; closing
bid 3 offered at a. ....
Time loans duh and inactive; co
and 90 days and months, per
cent.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1910-12-17
THE WINDOW WISHERS.

sss'ss.s $50 esssssss .
wishers with their tender of blue,
Standing shops,
of you?
Don't you with them you
The ragged urchin with patches
And forget planning for hhery
0
Oh little wishers,
With their trusting gazing glad surprise
soldiers the
they be forgotten Can you
grieving?
Can You think of merry morning
Disusoned, waking empty sockings-broken
Oh The little wshers looking ongingy
At the wonders in
Dreaming dreams stockings
toys;
and fancy girls
When you splendid
Can you by them
Detroit Free Press.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1910-12-17
SCHOOL BONDS AND CITY BONDS.

SNiiCOi$ DO-NDO AMI Cll1 BONDS.
The finding of the court of ap-
peals in case from Newport that
bond issues by school boards in cit
les OF the second class shall not be
considered in determining when the
city has reached the constitutional
limit of its authority to Issue public
Improvement bonds, is OF great in
terest to Paducah in relation TO a
prospective bond issue for the pur-
pose of erecting new schools. some
thing that cannot be deferred much
longer. unless some other means for
raising the necessary funds Is adopt
ed Cities of the second class are
limited TO bond issue equal TO ten
per cent OF the assessed valuation of
property subject to taxation. Some
objection was made to the Issuance
of school bonds at the last referen-
DUN on the question. because IL
might possibly interfere with the
right of the city to issue bonds for
municipal Improvements at some
further date. The school bond issue
question thus encountered the oppo-
sition OF municipal ownership adyo-
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1910-12-17

Gates, and II is probable that this
vote went a long way toward defeat
ing the issue The ruling of the court
of appeals settles this question and
forever removes that objection to a
bond issue by the school board.
With this point out of the way, it is
probable that a school bond issue
will carry in Paducah.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1910-12-17

Probably no one enjoys Woodrow
Wilson's popularity as public
speaker and his ready acceptance of
every invitation to deliver an adj
dress, more than does your Uncle
Judson Harmon. He knows the diff
ference between a silver tongue and
golden silence; and. you will recol-
lect. your Uncle Judson never was
carried away by any fatal regard for
the baser metal. even at the ratio OF
sixteen-to-one.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1910-12-17
"A simple Safeguard nor mothers.

Mrs. ID. Gilkesor, 326 Ingies ave.
Youngstown. Ohio. gained wisdom
by experience. "My little girl had a
severe cold and coughed almost con-
tinuously. My sister recommended
Foley's Honey and Tar. The first
dose gave her relieved the inaam-
nation in her throat and after using
one bottle her throat and lungs we're
entirely free from Inflammation.
Since then / always keep a bottle Of
Foley's Honey and Tar in the house
Accept no substitutes Gilbert's drug
store.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1910-12-17
IRsgZ!!L!!'lGgEa.zEagss@se
youszurssIo E5GxlwpBovst

cities. with the exception OF san
Fraucico. show increases over 1906.
The percentage of decrease reported
N the daily average figures for the
month Is also more pronounced.
ioss of isl pcr cent. compared with
l97 In November
Treasury Statement.
Warrington. Dec. i7...-M the de-
CHING OF business TODAY the cond.-
ton OF TIE United States treasury
was:
Working balance in treaFnry
office. s25.s7G.GSli Ia hanAs and
Philippine treasury. tsf.s29isii.
The total balance IN gencgai fnnd
was sSSlal,gG9. 4r.l aa..ss
Ordinary rcceip,s yestogday were
s2.4ls.32i. With Disbursements Of
81 .ss2.55l.
The dhclt TO date ihk hiral year g
s5.Ssi,gli. as against S2a,3tl525
az this time last year.
These hgnrcs exclude Panama
caual and public debt tran actions
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1910-12-17

II next Monday everybody, who
enters the postoffice will invest five
cents In Red Cross Christmas seals
the proceeds of which will go toward
equipping the Paducah tuberculosis
sanitorium. the sum total of the
days receipts will surprise the pub
lie. We do not desire this sugges-
ton to limit those, who purpose Civ
ing more than that amount; but
those, who pass by the table
ashamed of the small sum they have
TO invest, are making a mistake that
Is fatal to the enterprise.
The Paducah evening sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1906-1929, 1910-12-17

The Atlaptic Monthly warns us
that the number OF hogs is diminish
ing in proportion to the increase in
human population of this country;
but the deterioration in human man.
ners as we increase. and the i'm
provement in the breed of hogs as
they decrease. afford us some assur-
ance that the discrepancy is in a way
being compensated for.