The Virginia enterprise., 1910-09-30
SAVING Of MILLIONS.
WHAT COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM
or WATERWAYS IMPROVE
. MENT MEANS 70 FARMERS.
FIGURES TO SUPPORT FACTS

On shipments Of Grain Alone the d.
ret Return Would Mean %1oo, o,ooo,-
600, and Proport'onatsIy Al, Other
Products Would Be Affected.
In q former article We gave facts and
figures to prove that, II tho compre-
Asnsive plan of waterway improve
ment advocated by the National Riv-
ers and Harbors congress were car
risd out, the direct return to the farm
ers Of the country, on the single item
Of grain, would certainly be 100000
900 . year-and probably would be
moro than twice that sum.
But grain is not the only item on
which the farmers would receive a
benefit The fact Is that for the farm
ers-and everybody else, for that mat
ter-the cost of transportation influ-
eaoes practically everything he buys,
sells, eata, wears or uses in any way
whatever. except water, air and sun
shine. The average man Is inclined to
laugh when told that he pays out more
for transportation than he does for
taxes OF because Of the tarin-but his
laughter does not alter the fact in the
least.
There are three principal methods
Of transportation, the wagonway, the
railway and the waterway, and there
II % great . difference in the cost Of
transportation by these different meth
ods that it II worth while to study the
matter = little. The experts Of the
good roads bureau estimate the cost
OF hauling 4 ton Of freight one mile
by horse and wagon on the average
road In the United States 1T rs cents
The cost o. 4 thoroughly good, smooth
road might be reduced to 10 cents.
Poor's Manual gives 1872 mills per ton
mile ~ tho average price received by
the railways in 1907, while the Official
records kept 1t the 500 show that the
average rate on the freight carried
into and out Of Lake Superior in the
same year was only 8 of one mill
Facts In utsheIl.
You can better understand what
these figures mean II they are stated
In another way. They mean that II
you have Z dollar to spend In shipping
q ton Of freight you can send it 4
miles on an average road. 10 miles on
. drst-olass road. 127h miles on a rail-
road. and 1880 miles on 4 lake vessel.
It 10 very easy to see that good
roads are . lot better than poor roads
but that transportation by horse and
wagon 10 too costly at the best to be
used except for small loads and short
distances. So far as interstate traffic
IL concerned the wagon road must be
left entirely out of consideration. It
Is just as easy to see what a great
benefit would result from the building
Of railway into a region where there
was none before, and that a still
greater benefit would result from so
improving 4 river that 1t is made
dependably navigabls when It was not
% before.
Waterways increase prosperity in
three principal ways. viz: direct saw
ing. indirect saving, and by what may
be called a creative effect The direct
saving Is that which occurs on goods
actually carried by water, and some
facts which indicate how great this d.
rect saving is, will also make more
plain the vast difference between the
cost OF transportation by rail and by
water.
Through tho 500 canal at the out
let Of Lake Superior there were car
ried in 1907, 5S.217,214 tons of freight
This was carried an average distance
OF 1888 miles at an average cost of
g Of one mill per ton-mile. II this
had been shipped by rail at the aver
age railway rate for that year (7.82
mills), its transportation would have
cost $685., ,o33 1854 more than was paid
for its carriage by water.
The total freight carried on all
lakes that year was, in round num-
bers, 100, ,o0o, 900 tons. This vast ton
mage was carried for $3.50, 100000 less
than It would have cost to send it by
rail, and the improvements, which pro-
duce 4 saving large enough to pay of
the national debt in less than two
years, cost only $85,000,000.
Proof Of Good Results.
Wouldn't you call that pretty fair
dividend on the Investment? And don't
you think it would pay to improve all
our waterways as fast and al far as
We can?
But" says some one, what reason
is there to suppose that improved riv-
ers would give anything like as good
results as have been obtained on the
lakes?" That IL a proper question and
Is entitled to an answer.
The only waterway in this country
which has been improved as a whole
is composed of the four lakes above
/ Niagara Falls, but there are many i'm
proved rivers in Europe. From care
full study of the results obtained on
these rivers the army engineers esti-
mate that when the improvement Of
the Ohio river is finished. freight can
be carried thereon for one-half mill
per ton-mile. That means that the
dollar which will carry = ton 127h
miles BY rail and 1,250 miles by lake,
will carry it 1900 miles by river.
Cost of transportation will vary on
different rivers with depth, width.
swiftness Of current, ETC., but tho e.
timated cost on completely improved
Ohio river can be increased by 60 per
cent before 1t will equal the average
cost on the lakes In 1907, and there
IL still 4 margin Of nearly 400 per
cent before you reach 4 rate one-half
~ high as that by rail. 1t will pay T.