Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1910-09-08
STANDS STRONGLY
FOR CONSERVATION
President Taft's Address Before
Congress at st. Paul.
DANGER IN CONTINUED WASTE
Chief Executive Outlines Plans Which
He Believes Should Be Adopted
Statistics Make Speech Com
prehensive to Hearers.


St Paul, Mimi, Sept 5.-President
Taft delivered his long-expected
speech before the National Con-
servation congress here today. Sub
stantially 1t was as follows:
Gentlemen Of the National Conservation
Congress:
Conservation as an economic and po-
Mtical term has come to mean the preser-
walton of our natural resources for
economical use as to secure the great
est good to the greatest number.
The danger to the state and to the peo-
pie at large from the waste and dissipa-
ton OF our national wealth is not one
which quickly impresses itself on the peo-
pie of the older communities, because its
most obvious instances do not occur In
their neighborhood, while in the newer
part of the country the sympathy with
expansion and development is so strong
that the danger is scoffed at or ignored.
Among scientific men and thoughtful OBJ
servers however, the danger has always
been present; but II needed some one to
bring home the crying need for a remedy
of this evfl so as to impress itself on the
public mind and lead to the formation Of
public opinion and action by the repre-
tsentatives Of the people. Theodore Roose-
welt took up this task in the last two
years of his second administration, and
well did he perform It,
AS president of the United States I
have, as 1t were, inherited this policy,
and rejoice in my heritage | prize my
high opportunity TO do all that an ex-
ecutiYe can do to help a great people
realize a great national ambition. For
conservation is national. 1t affects every
man of us, every woman, every child.
What 1 can do in the cause I shall do,
1aV,N 49, NowfNy hut rnCi-
dent OF the whole people Conservation
is not a question of politics, or OF fac
tions, or OF persons. 1t Is a question that
affects the vital welfare OF all of Us-of
our children and our childrens children.
urge that no good can come from meet
ings Of this sort unless we ascribe to
those who take part in them, and who
are apparently striving worthly in the
cause. all proper motives, and unless we
i1udiCially consider every measure or
method proposed with view to its effec-
dveness In achieving our common pur-
pose, and wholly without regard to who
proposes II or who will claim the credit
for its adoption. The problems are OF
very great difficulty and call for the
calmest consideration and clearest fore
sight Many of the questions presented
have phases that are new in this coun-
try. and It is possible that in their solu-
ton we may have to attempt first one
way anu Inen dnOINeT. what WISH TO
emphasize, however, is that satisfac-
tory conclusion can only be reached
promptly If we avoid acrimony, imputa-
lions OF bad faith, and political contro-
versy.
The public domain of the government
OF the United States, including all the
cessions from those OF the thirteen states
that made cessions to the United States
and including Alaska, amounted In all to
about 1.s00, 900 900 acres. OF this there is
left as purely government property out
side of Alaska something like 100. 1000 600 OF
acres. OF this the national forest re-
serves In the United States proper en-
brace 144, 900, 900 acres. The rest is largely
mountain or arid country offering some
opportunity for agriculture by dry farm
ing and by reclamation, and containing
metals as well coal, phosphates, oils,
and natural gas Then the government
owns many tracts OF land lying along the
margins Of streams that have water
power, the use Of which is necessary in
the conversion of the power into cleo
tricity and Its transmission.
shall divide my discussion under the
heads Of u agricultural lands (0 min
eral iands-that Is. lands containing
metalliferous minerals: (D forest lands
az coal lands: (6 oil and gas lands; and
60 phosphate lands.
Agricultural Lands.
Our land laws for the entry OF agricul-
tural lands are now as follows:
The original homestead law, with the
requirements Of residence and cultivation
for five years, much more strictly en-
forced than ever before.
The enlarged homestead act, applying
TO nonirrigable lands only, requiring five
years residence and continuous cultiva-
tlon of one-fourth OF the area.
The desert-land act, which requires on
the part of the purchaser the ownership
of a water right and thorough reclama-
ton OF the land by irrigation, and the
payment Of SIPS per acre.
The donation or Carey act, under which
the state selects the land and provides
for its reclamation, and the title vests in
cultivates II and pays the cost OF the
reclamation.
The national reclamation homestead
law. requiring five years residence and
cultivation by the settler on the land ir-
rigated by the government, and payment
by him to the government OF the cost of
the reclamation.
The present congress passed a bill of
great Importance, severing the ownership
of coal by the government in the ground
from the surface and permitting home
stead entries upon the surface Of the
land, which, when perfected give the
settler the right to farm the surface
while the coal beneath the surface is re-
tanned in ownership by the government
and may be disposed OF by 1t under other
laws.
There Is no crying need for radical re.
form La the methods OF disposing Of wha,
are really agricultural lands. The pres
ent laws have worked we'll. The en-.
larged homestead law has encouraged the
successful farming of lands in the semi.
arid regions. or course the teachings Of
the agricultural department as to how
these subarid lands may be treated ant
the soil preserved for useful culture ar,
of the very essence of conservation. Their
conservation of agricultural lands Il
shown in the reclamation OF arid land.
by irrigation and should devote a few
words to what the government has don,
and IL doing In this regard
Reclamation.
By the reclamation act q fund has beer
created Of the proceeds Of the publ,
lands OF the United States with which I,
construct works for storing great bodies
OF water At proper attitudes from which
by a suitable system OF canals and ditch
90, the water IL to be distributed over tn
arid and subarid lands of the government
20 be sold to settlers at a price sufficien
to pay for the improvements Primarily
the projects are and must be for the i'm
provement of public lands. Incidentally
where private land Is also within reac
OF the water supply, the furnishing a