The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1910-03-06

| professional workers and dontusia ssr.
vanss. are employed In PitasburR. accord
ing Co a careful census made during the
winter u IsO7-Os. Vet one siGniAoana fact
la the situation N the excess % mall
over femals population. bSOAnso ~
women OF the later immigrant rac~S,
the slavs and southern Europeans. are
tagging behind; bat the foreign women
in immense numbers are among the work
srs. choosing or drifting into occupation.
IN what may almost be designated a.
racial groups. a. the SlAva, or -Hunkies
gather about the glAssmakinG and ssesi
works. where quick fingers and strong.
unframed arms are In demand. There
are even secondary racial groupa % women
In some occupations. thus the gar
msnt factories employ American and
Jewish girls, while the Irish and German
wives % the miners on the hills hold the
subordinate places, tho Inferior vork "
the stogy factories falls 20 slavic wcmsc
and the Italian girl. boS:n& ~ housekesT-
ing traditions. hardly figures AZ all.
;Isese tastes. aptitndsa. conditions i'm
posed by circumstances. nervous strength
or the lack Of Il. and q multitnds Of o4hag
factors, have been thoroughly studied By
Miss Butler in coo factories. she has
entered into the most minute scrutiny Of
machinery and methods Of operation. pro
lection against danger, sanitary onndi-
tiOns proper and improper CONSTRUCTION
u factories. wages. hours. OF work. pos&i
bilities Of lodging and nourishmsna 90
the money earned. length % the woskinG
girls active life In various occnpAttDqs
and the principals on which difsrens man
ufaoturers conduct their sssAblishmsnta
some manufacturers. she finds. have dis-
covered that Il does not pay 70 work sirs
overtime. even for sxtra pay. a. their
work on the following day R inferiov
while In certain branches Of tho canning
trades overtime seems 20 be practically
unavoidable at special seasons of the year
One unpleasant trick on tho pArs % csr~
tain manufacturers 10 10 Encourage q girl
who shows great expertness IN piecswork
20 increase her speed 10 the sktrsms
limit, hut a. soon a. abe proves that n 10
possible to earn % q day tho smployR
lowers the piece price until u b impossibls
for her 10 make a. much IN o. 20 o day O.
thereabouts even by increasing the trs-
mendous output: and naturally all the less
expert workers suffer sven more than she
doe- by way Of the reward for sagnsas
endsavor.
That the women In general 90 not care
to devote years TO acquiring Q trads.
sincs they look forward to marriARA.
she admits: but IL 10 also true that thsy are
not allowed 60 learn any trade a. q man
learns Il. Consequently. on tho whole.
there il no active composition between
men and women in the moro difacult
branches Of mo~t trades. Mica Butler
thinks that u trade training were zsneral
one reason for the present low wages &C
working women would BE- removed. and
the advocates Of equal pay for equal work
would have moro instances Of equal work
to show and could with justice demand
for skilled workers what for unskilled
workers thev cannot. There are forty
two Illustrations Ia show methods ~
manuGacture--Chishy objectionable: and
a well assorted photography follows au-
pendicee which furnish tables 81 statistic
and remarks upon tho woman'a division
of the Carnegie Technical School.
IL is not necessary for us TO revis~
in detail tho third hook conoeYnins
working won en-. since IL IL merely a mes
edition Of ANNA STEEsE RIcHARDso"
The Girl Who EaTRs Her Own Li-iRg ~
". Dodge a Company. II has long
since earned lts right TO be regarded ~
a text hook for the American girls Nhh
graduate from grammar or high school
and have to face tho problem Of calf
support The various washable oppn-
ings ars lucidly set forth and the plainsss
lind Of good advace an 90 the possibility o.
advancement and the conduct and prin-
oipIes which SECURE success In furnished
In PRECISELY the form which In hksly 20
make an impression on the inexpsrienced
and struggling young women for whom
it II intended.