davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-27
No Accumulations!

1t is rule with a good many house. holders in smaller towns to have a dust barrel or box in the yard, and to burn the stuff when enough of it'' has accumulated. If the container be left uncovered this habit amounts merely to providing a breeding-place for germs and facilitating their dis tribution. At the best, with cover, this yard container of rubbish is un- sanitary. Instant burning of the dust removes the increasing bacteria from further consideration.
 If the garbage can be fed to swine or poultry it is wise economy. But this garbage should be fed at once, not left standing. If no such use for it exists, and there is no neighbor who will take the garbage daily, then this harmful waste material should be burned every day. The crude furnace of bricks may be used, or ones in genuity may devise some way of rig ging up metal container to fit over the brick furnace. In this metal con tainer the garbage can be dried thor oughly over the fire, and the dried product is then available for use in the kitchen stove.
 Several manufacturers have placed on the market effective refuse ere mators" that will dispose of all the garbage and rubbish of a large house. These can be used in the yard and will burn any kind of fuel Such a "cremator" costs from seven to ten dollars; in safety it is worth many times the price.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-27

The city woman, especially if she live in an apartment house, has only to see to it that the garbage and rubbish go promptly down to the janitor. An, but is that all? It is equally impor- tant to know what the janitor does with this refuse after he gets it. If it stands uncovered in a dark, damp basement it is dangerous so long as it remains there.- The housewife should make it her business, from time to time, to see just how the ian itor handles the refuse. He should keep both garbage and rubbish in covered metallic containers and in a separate shed or closet, until the city's collector is due. If he does not, one can lodge effective, secret com plaint with the health department.
 Uncovered tins of dusty rubbish, standing in the basement of an apart ment house, afford ideal breeding places for germs, which draft or the soles of shoes may spread all through the house, and the neatest housewife may have to pay severe family health penalty because of some slo- venly neighbor. It is equally impor- tant that the containers of refuse, when set out on the sidewalk for the city's collector, be covered. Here an entire neighborhood is endangered by blowing dust or dried particles of gar bage. Here, again, confidential com
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-27

q
 had at the grocer's, generally for the asking. Take any pattern desired and cut the front from the straw, binding it all around with calico. A double ruf11e may be added stitched to the front about half inch from the edge. Make the crown of the cal ico in the same way it is made for any other sunbonnet. These never need doing up' and they wear well.
 Some people object to sour milk or "saleratus" biscuits and cakes. Con- sequently many good housewives who are economical in other respects throw away sour milk. This is un- necessary, as it can be used with baking-pOwder, or even with yeast, with as satisfactory results as sweet milk.
 From the first advent of baking powders every manufacturer thereof and every recipe ,giver has claimed that the wo-baking-powder and sal eratus, or soda-must not be used in combination. But this depends. Just a little saleratus may be added to sour milk, sufficient only to sweeten it, and then the cook may proceed ex- act,y as she would with sweet milk, using the usual proportion of baking powder.
 It is impossible to give any definite instructions as to the required quan- tity, as this depends upon the sour- ness of the milk and the strength of the bi-carbonate of soda, or saleratus. Never use enough to make the milk foam or bubble. It is better to add a very small quantity, and after stirring till it is dissolved and thoroughly in- corporated with the milk. then taste. Add no more than is necessary to overcome the acidity. Do not dissolve the saleratus in bot water, but powder it as fine as possible with knife and add 1t to the milk dry.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-27

Kerosene is used for the washing of very dirty articles, in the propor- ton of one tablespoonful to four or five gallons of boiling water, to which at least one ounce of washing soda and quarter of a pound of shredded soap has been added. The clothes without preliminary treatment are put into the boiling liquid and pressed down with stick until they are wholly under water and allowed to boil quickly for one hour, when they must be removed and rinsed thoroughly in at least three hot rinsing waters containing little dis solved washing soda. This is neces- sary to remove greasy matter, a cer- tain amount of which adheres to the clothes when they are taken out of the boiler. They should be blued and hung in the open air to. dry, to deprive them of the smell of kero- sene.
 Laundry Fittings
 Coming now to the durable parts of the laundry fittings, the ironing board or table should be solid affair, as nothing is so exasperating as a shaky tahlo. If we are to do our work with pleasure and the minimum expend- iture oe nervous force, then look to
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-27
BLUE ROSE IS CROWNED AS
 ssOUEEN OF THE RAMBLERS"
Climbers of Great Artistic Aid in Embowerng Archways
 Varieties for All C1imates-The Water Garden

have seen it, too, fairly embowering and wholly glorifying the trellised en- trance of a simple cottage, planted in the full blaze of the western sun. Since the blue rose is declared it's equal in these good points, it's chaste and unique color will doubtless render its fanciful title, Queen of the Ram blers,' an enduring one.
 The hardy climbing roses of all classes are the main reliance in the North for free effects, and for artistic ally ernbowering doorways, verandas and balconies. The tendency to mill dew in climbers thus used is greatly reduced when secured to wire or lat tice trellises, which provide free circulation of air-a condition most conducive to health. For this reason, when fastened directly to buildings, they should be secured with long strips of cloth or leather, allowing them to sway loosely. Hardy climb CTS in the North and the profuse- blooming, tender sorts in the South, are employed in picturesque effect in covering summer-houses and canopied garden walks, for arching gateways or festooning from post to post along driveways. A pillar of roses is se- cured by training to substantial post of imposing height.
 Hardy Hybrid PerpetuaIs.
 These are hardy in most of the States without protection after becoming we'll established, though benefited greatly, everywhere, by a substantial mulch for root protection, applying it after the ground is frozen, and leav- ing it on in the spring to prevent too early start and serve as a fertilizer. Old manure is best, and decayed leaves are good. Rich soil, frequently stirred, and correct pruning are the secret of freedom of bloom in this class. Keep crude manure away from the tender rootlets, and give plenty of water in drouthy times to keep the bushes growing vigorously the sum-
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-27
KEROSENE IS VALUABLE AID
 TO WASHING DIRTY CLOTHES
Modern Labor Saving Devices Quite Indispensable in all House
 holds that to Run Smoothly Keep Machines Clean
By MARGUERITE RUSSELL

such things as this, and adopt labor savers of every kind, provided that their use does not materially increase the wear and tear of clothes. There is so much wear and tear upon 1aun- dry utensils that unless they are strong and good they will not last and will only prove source of worry.
 A washing board is of great as- sistance, and a brush will be found valuable, especially for collars, cuffs, bands, and all frrrcr articles. The use of washing and wrirging ma chimes causes less wear and tear, and also save time. Wringing machines are either attached to washing n1a- chimes or are movable, and can be fixed to tub, tatle or stand.
 Take the greatest care to keep every part of the wringer, especially the india rubber rollers, clean, and free from dust, oil and soapsudg.
 Mangles, like wringing machines, must be kept scrupulously clean. Irons should be of different sizes and have comfortable handles. Each ironer must be provided with an iron stand, and ar ironholder. Skirt, sleeve and skirt boards are all re- uuired in fitting out Q home lam dry.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-27

acing of the Trees and the Iris Border Illusion of Space.
 The New Blue Rose, veiIchenbIau, and Roses Generally.
 Rose gardening is lent a new zest by the recent addition of that rare continuation of long and scientific eff fort, ''the blue rose." Through the alchemy of the patient and expert hybridiZer, this rare creation, long deemed an impossibility, comes as an added treasure to those who find much happiness among their roses. It comes endorsed by our leading flor ists, who in a recent assemblage de- cided that at last we have rose worthy of being called blue; violet blue, its pretty name, as Veilchenblau indicates. It's European introducers describe it: Blue flowers, appearing in large clusters, semi-double, medium size. Has showy, yellow stamens,, and with the blue flowers it is par-' ticularly attractive. Very strong prickly. thorns." An enthusiastic
 florist thus describes it: "In Veilchen- .blau we have an improved and glori- fled free-fowering Rambler, seed ling from the famous Crimson Ram bier. The flowers are violet-blue in  color; a perpetual scorce of wonder; standing out in graceful form in large clusters, individual flowers measuring from one and one-half to two inches across. This new rose is perfectly hardy, the growth vigorous, and with it's beautiful foliage is well entitled to the honor of the title, Queen of all Roses" A new rose, blooming in a color hitherto unknown in the vast rose family, and with the hardness and rampant growth of the ramblers, is truly an acquisition, ands florists are anticipating it's combination with the red and the white gamblers in national color effects.
 Heretofore the crimson rambler has led in it's class, the most popular of all roses, both in point of vigor and rampant growth. A strong, healthy plant will send up shoots from ten to twenty feet in ceight in a single sea- son, easily, climbing the second story and over-arching it's windows when planted in a rich deep loam with an eastern or southeastern exposure. l
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-27

plaint to tho health department will compel the covering of all refuse. The fact should be impressed that in dust and in decaying garbage bacteria breed and multiply with marvellous rapidity.
 The Housewife's Task.
 In the smaller towns and in the country the problem is somewhat diff ferent. Here usually it devolves upon the housewife to devise her own means of family safety. In this con nection there is one, practice, still too common, that cannot be too quickly abandoned, and that is of dumping sweepings in the back-yard-on the ground or ash pile, or in a barrel, Here the dust may lie for a while, germs breeding in it rapidly; and the first strong wind drives these millions of foul particles, along with the dust back into the house-or- into the house next door. Household dust blowing about locality is the least-thought' of, but perhaps most fruitful, cause Ot the numerous trips of the doctor s buggy through the neighbOrhood. Dis agreeable though 1t sounds, it really becomes part of housewife's duty to know how her next-door neighbor dis. poses of dust and rubbish.
 The surest agent to apply to such refuse is-fre! A dozen or a score of bricks can be built into crude backyard furnace in which a small fire can be kindled and the dust brought out and dropped on it. Some housewives already burn the dust in their kitchen ranges, and this is all right, if care be taken to see that all the dust goes in Yet in summer when kitchen fires are not common even this careful housewife will ap preciate the little bricked-in outdoor furnace. !;
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-27

of atmosphere and favor high a1ti. tudes. For marshy ground use or ends, pitcher plants, iris and ferns. If your soil is very marshy it may be suitable for w>ter garden, which can be built frequently at a very small outlay.
 Boundaries should be informal un. less you have large expanse. For these native Towering shrubs, such as dogwood, sumach, salt tree or sorrel will be suitable.
 If you can't afford to spend much for shrubs, deciduous trees will be found less expensive than evergreens. Of the former, the best are the Japa- nese barberry, the winterberry, bit tersweet, hawthorne, bayberry and scarlet thorne.
 Needless to say, it is advisable to plot out your garden systematically before even buying seed or a shrub. Just take an ordinary sheet of paper, pen and ink and ruler. The dimen- sions of the garden can be measured by pacing or, if you want to be more exact, with a tape measure. Then draw rough outline, using a scale of, say, half an inch or one inch to the yard, according to the size of your garden. Study the nature of your soil and find out what flowers will grow best. Take particular notice of shade, as it is most important factor. Also Sof exposure, whether north, south, east or west.
 Then determine where your flower beds are to come, map out your walks and paths, remembering carefully the hints given at the beginning of this article on utilizing the plants, trees and shrubs in your garden as a means of enhancing the exterior of your house.
 The Vegetable Garden.
 One excellent method of solving the "cost of living" problem is to grow your own vegetables. To the uniniti- ated this sounds at first like an heroic measure. Almost everybody has some idea of having flower garden "some- time" or when l get around to il" But a vegetable garden sounds like a terribly formidable task. In reality,
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-27

NJ uF0 III mOTDiu IeTIOI Ol
 germs is to miss the beauty
 of the sunset. If one must - have his mind at all times on the dangers of ptomaine poison ing he will lose the flavor of many a plate of ice cream. People lived hap oily, and often healthily, before bac- teria or ptomaines had ever been heard of
 On the other hand we are learning nowadays, and with astonishment for many, that the length of life is greatly increasing. Indeed, it is very likely that after while one will hear his neighbor say: "He was only ninety four altogether too young to go!"
 This is neither fantasy nor at- tempted humor. Man is becoming a longer-lived animal, and the reason is advance in our knowledge and prac- tice of hygiene, which, like many other virtues, begin at home.
 In the household hygiene is mainly sn the hands of the housewife. Every sound woman abhors filth. The filth that she is charged with removing or having removed consists mostly of garbage and rubbish-the latter main V in the form of sweepings.
 Supervise the Janitor.
 Municipal authorities look after the removal of these menacing materials.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-27
AND
 FOR BEAUTY ~

, is right, but should not be applied before the ground freezes hard-about the first of December in latitude of New York. cs EverbIooming or Tea Roses. This tender class are easily win tered over in the, South. In the North they may be carried over in pits, cold frames or in pots indoors. Here, planted in open ground in late May or early June, they soon begin bloom | ing. Much is gained by starting them l in pots An eastern exposure best suits them, where, under good treat ment, they will bloom continuously
 until heavy frosts. Their free-bloom- | ing habit along with their beauty and delicious fragrance make them very popular for both pot and box garden ing, and no place better suits them than an east porch. In open ground
 keep the ground well stirred, keep
 them free from insects, give plenty of water during drouth and mulch
 them well with lawn clippings to keep l their roots cool during hottest 1 weather.
 Now, to keep them blooming: Cut the roses before they fade, and when | a branch has finished blooming cut it back to strong eye-that Is, a we'll formed leaf-bud, and another branch will start and soon be blooming. This constant cul1ing and cutting back is the secret of plenty of roses and is all the pruning needed. Remedies for Rose Pests.
 1 Mildew may be overcome by dust l ing the bushes while wet with pow dered sulphur. This renders them un- slightly, however, and a solution of some good white soap containing no 1 free alkali is better. Use this for mula: One squafter of pound, cut fine and perfectly dissolved in pailfu1 of boiling water. Add five pailfu1s of cold water and use at once, as 1t
 thickens too much in cooling to be used in a sprayer. A three-gallon pail
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-27
EVEN SMALLEST OF YARDS
 CAN BE A MASS OF BLOOMS
Architecture of the Home Should be Considered Planning Arrangement of the Garden Study the Surrounding
 Landscape

the household. To the younger mem bers of the family the value of the garden is inestimable. It gives them an expressing occupation, stimulates increased interest in the home and teaches them something of achieve ment. Nothing is better developer of young character than to allot to each child certain portion of the garden. Each then takes pride in accomplish ing his or her utmost and showing the best results. By way of incentive, it is a good scheme to offer prize to the one who does best.
 One way to start garden is just to begin to grow flowers and learn pain fully and slowly by the mistakes made. This is disheartening process and may discourage any but the most enthusiastic. But few people will try this method. Nobody will commence without at least asking questions as to the time to plant and the best methods of cultivation.
 Exterior Decorating.
 Planting the garden should primar- fly be regarded as means of enhanc- ing the exterior of the house. And in doing this the house itself, its archi- tectural style, size and surroundings should or rather must be taken into consideration or weird and incon- gruous results will follow. For in- stance, what could be more absurd than large and elaborate archway, suitable to a big Colonial mansion, in front of a small suburban cottage? Or grandiose, park-like effects at tempted in a small square of ground barely a quarter of an acre in area?
 The prime general maxim to re- member is: Plant garden along the lines of least resistance." Keep the entrance in scale and also the paths. Consider which is the best view and then put your shrubs so as to attract attention in that direction. Some views are too panoramic so that the good points of a house are over looked. Screen all unsightly objects with. fast-growing trees and shrubs as, for instance, willows, Lombardy
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-27

mer through, so there may be plenty of new wood for a succession of
 bloom. In early spring, before the
 buds even begin to swell, cut the branches back from one-third to one half their length. Some branches must be cut back to two or three buds
 Qeaf-buds) before one is reached that is strong enough to develop new growth. All gnarled, half-dead and weak growths must be cut out en- tirely. Hybrid teas may be carried through northern winters very sue cessfully with good protection, and furnish an abundant supply of large and most beautiful roses, under good treatment. A five or six-inch mulch
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-27

easily accomplish in spare time. Of course, the advantages of veg etable garden are even more obvious than those of the more ornamental flower garden. In the first place, one gets absolutely fresh vegetables, and in the second place, one gets cheap vegetables. Furthermore, one eats more vegetables, and this is con- summation devoutly to be wished in this excessively carnivorous country. When contemplating a vegetable garden 1t is advisable to proceed as outlined above in planning the flower garden. Plot out your garden on pa per. Of course, in this case it be- comes a much simpler task as the vegetable garden is nearly always square or rectangular and it becomes merely a question of allotting the amount of space you will give to each vegetable.
 It is calculated that a tenth of an acre, carefully cultivated, will keep a small family of four or five in vegeta- bles the year around. The soil should be a light sandy loam, that crumbIes away in your fingers when you pick it up. Make a list of the different veg etables you want to grow. Determine approximately the quantity of each you will require.
 Map 1t Oqt. .
 Then map out on paper with your ruler the space you will give to them. Crops that remain for several years, such as rhubarb, asparagus or rad ishes, should be kept all at one end. After these should come those that remain for one season, as, for in stance, carrots, parsnips or onions. At the other end you should have crops that are rotated throughout the season.
 Buying your seeds is a very im- portant undertaking. Needless to say, you should buy the best and from the most reliable dealers. It is almost hopeless to judge from catalogues, be- cause of the contradictory descrip- tions, and your selections should, as far as possible, be made personally. Don't make the mistake of trying to save money by spending small sums
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-27
FOR
 THE TABLE

TIT seems rather a pity that garden
 ing, in spite of all advantages of
 climate, fertile ground and the
 undisputed mechanical suprem- acy of Americans, should still finger so long in it's infancy throughout this country. This statement probably will be met with thousands of indig- nant denials and pictures culled from magazines showing country and sub urban houses with most beautiful and elaborate gardens, with statistics from horticultural societies and ac- counts of flower shows. Nevertheless the statement is true. Not as regards the sumptuous villa residences of the wealthy or even the moderately we'll to do, but the great mass. of people living on modest or small incomes have entirely neglected their oppor- tunities in this direction.
 This fact is brought home with especial force when an American goes abroad and sees some of the homes of the lower middle classes in Europe There one will find people who pay a rental of not more than $80 or $100 a year and who have not much more than ten square feet of ground in their houses, but with their tiny plots a mass of blooms. In America, on the other hand, nobody attempts to have anything but skimpy spot of green lawn in front of the house unless the income is considerably over $3,000 a year.
 Large Plot Not Necessary.
 In order to have garden it is not necessary to have a large plot of rround Nnr iS if uacaSSarv fo Snand much money. Time, of course, it re- quires, and work and patience. All of which will be repaid two-fold. First of all, the reward will be in the en- hanced appearance of the home and the increased happiness and fitness of it's inhabitants in better looking surroundings. The psychological eff feet of the surroundings on character is long established fact and no more g meres theory. And in the second place, gardening will improve ones
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-27

is the required size. This solution win also prevent the coming of green lice and other pests, and will destroy them after they have gained foothold. Cold water alone, applied with forces will destroy green lice. Above solu- tion will destroy the rose slug. So will powdered hellebore. The rose chafer must be hand-picked in the early morning, dropping them into . roller, is found rolled up and dust the bushes with hellebore. This or Per sian insect powder dusted on ths bushes while wet will destroy the yosemite. ~
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1910-05-27
By LOUIS SHERWIN

there is no mystery whatever in it.
 Nine-tenths of the difficulty consist in care and work. Nor does it require more work than the average person with the average amount of duties can