The Detroit times., 1910-11-05

lnHuence upon public aHalrs. IN inc
beginning there were Hamilton Fed
eralists and Adams Federalists nurs-
ing a hatred which eventually split
and destroyed their organization.
Then followed the Whigs, Clay wor-
shippers and Webster followers often
fighting each other more bitterly than
they did the common enemy. Finally
there came TO be southern Wings and
northern Wings, conscience Wings and
old-line Whigs-and then the party
died. Then came the Republican
party which still reigns.
On the other side OF the major po-
litical fence there were. AT the begin
ming. Jefferson Republicans and Burr
Republicans. They were succeeded In
order by factions OF peace Republi-
cans and war Republicans: conserva'
tive Republicans and young Republi'
cans: Jackson Democrats and conser-
vative Democrats; Jackson Demo
Gratis and Calhoun Democrats; Hunk
ers and Barnburners: Nebraska Dem
ocrats and anti-Nebraska Democrats;
Lecompton and anti-LecomptOu Demo
Gratis: Douglas and Breckinridge Dem
ocrats. War Democrats and Copper
nGHOS, hhhuhlliAt6 anu fAA
Gold and Silver Democrats: Cleveland
and Bryan Democrats; and now radi,
cal and conservative Democrats al
very hungry for power and apparently
almost willing to kiss and make up
During the war the Republican party
was so fearful OF its political Tor
tunes that In 1864 II abandoned the
name Republican" called itseli the
Union Party" and nominated fusion
ticket with Mr. Lincoln, Republican,
for president, and Andrew Jackson.
war Democrat ant loyal southerner,
for yice-president 1t was the OLD
error. considered in party sense
made twice by the Wings. Lincoln
was murdered and the country iound
itself ending the war for the Union
with southern Democrat in the
White House. Leaving aside the mer-
its of the controversy between John-
SON and congress, II was tneyitaole
that he should create discord. The
southern states were excluded from
the Union. the Democrats were unor-
ganized, the Republicans had a ma
,ority M three or four to one IN Doth
houses OF congress and there was no
check upon the will OF the majority
Inevitably the Republicans fell into
two factions, one captained by EDWIN
stanton, Ben Wade ana hau
stevens which was radical, and the
other under various leadership out mn,
aIlv coming together under carr
Schurz. B. Gratz Brown and Horace
greeley. The attempt TO remove An
drew johnson from the presidency was
unsuccessful. perhaps, more for the
reason that there werU Republican
senators who did not wish to see Ben
wada in the White House than be-
cause they thought the charges against
Johnson were not proved. Az any
rate Johnson was acquitted just
short time before the RepuOncah ha-
tional convention which mlght naVe
nominated Wade for president had ne
but possessed the power OF patronage
inherent in the president.
In 1868 the Republican party sun
cortrolled the country without let or
bindrance from any earthly power. but
a., oreat leader was dead, and II had
no statesman upon whom II could
,nita IN honor with the chief magls'
tracy put IL did have a war nero,
,niobtv man OF valor who was the
Idol NJ the nation. General Grant al
,houph he had never been active III
noIJtics and had been Democrat, was
nominated by a unanimous vote. lie
was elected by huge majority ana
tho Republicans again carried the
house Of representatives. Two years
later the Democrats made substantlal
eaira in the lower house, cutting the
Republican majority TO 80. lhere
were signs OF trouble In the air
The party split began in missouri
IN 1870 Already. in some or the re
constructed southern states, the1e
were two parties among the loyallsts
Radicals and Conservatives. In
Tennessee the Conservatives had won
and civil government was thereby re-
stored In many OF the southern
stetee civil government was not fully
restored until 1876. In Missouri, how
ever the two wings Of the party took
tho names OF Radical and Liberal. The
Liberal faction was opposed 10 the au'
n,inistration method OF dealing with
the states lately in rebellion heau'
cd by 3. Gratz Brown and carr schuIz
the Liberal Republicans declared III
favor OF Universal amnesty ana uni
versal Acknowledgement Tor the south'
erners.
Tho Liberal movement gained a
,at following. and vas supported
Nth ardor OF Horace Greeley, Charles
Dana. Murat Halstead and other
great Journalists who had had a cap
itaI share I'm organizing the Rep bli
can marty. In 1872 the Republicans
renominated General Grant, and the
Liberal wing held a national conven-
tion at Cincinnati. Charles Francis
Adams was the prime favorite for the
presidential nomination before the
convention met. and Lyman Trumbull,
u Gratz Brown, Andrew G. Curtin and
other prominent Republican workers
os tho Lincoln era we're in the ballot
ing Greeley was nominated. He was
no lamentable a failure as candidate
os he had been a monumental success
as a Journalist. He was overwhelming
iv defeated, and died OF grief within
a few days after the election.
The Liberal Republican organiza-
tion never recovered from the crush
ing blow of 1872. At the time IL
seemed also that the Democrats had
forfeited every hope by their \endorse-
ment of the Greeley ticket. But many
OF the leading Liberal Republicans
went over to the Democratic organiza-