The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1910-08-28
ORGANIZATION IS
SECRET OF SUCCESS
IN German Naval and Com
mercial Affairs
RULES FOR AIRMANSHIP
Cause Strong Indignation Among Ayia-
tors in Germany-Some of Them
Are said to BE Unrenson-
able and Impracticable

|
fective organization is the secret of Ger
many's success, not alone in the warfare
of arms, but in the struggle for CONNER
cial supremacy and the upbuilding of in
dustries.
When It has been decided that a thing
is good for Germany 1t is put into effect
with as little circumlocution as possible.
In no economic line is this German or
ganization did along practical lines and Is
more thoroughly exemplified than in the
means for the financing of the farmer
and agricultural land owner. A matter,
by the way, which is seriously occupying
the minds of the government in Europe.
The German system might also furnish
some good ideas to America in advancing
the back to the farm idea.
The business of advancing money I'M
der easy conditions to the owners of real
estate is carried on here by three classes
of institutions. The most important of
these, in point of view of the scope of
their transactions, are the mortgage
banks, whose operations are chiefly con-
fined to towns. They are private under
takings, but can only be started with
the sanction of the state, and are at all
times subject to its strict supervision.
Next came the Landschaften, which are
voluntary associations of landowners on
a cooperative basis. They minister chiefly
to the financial EMERGENCIES of the large
estate owners. Finally, there are the
land banks based on the guarantee of the
public revenues, which meet the needs of
the extensive class of small freeholders
| hat Of m
country.
These institutions all have in common
the principle that the sums advanced by
them are raised by the issue to the public
of letters of mortgage of various kinds,
which are bought and sold on the market
like ordinary stocks and shares. AS the
individual bonds are frequently for small
amounts, such as SIS and as they are
either guaranteed by the entire body of
wealthy landowners belonging to the
Landschaft, stand under the protection
afforded by the official control of the
mortgage banks, or have as security the
public revenues which stand behind the
| land banks, they are eagerly snapped up
at a very low rate of interest. In fact,
some of the Prussian Landschaften could
float their issues of letters of mortgage
bonds at and 31a per cent long before
the government dared to dream of issuing
loans at these 1SureS.
Apart from this fundamental principle
the Landschaften, mortgage banks and
land banks differ widely not only from
one another, but among themselves.
This is particularly the case with the
last named which were originally all
founded in the smaller German states,
where the machinery of~credit had not
been developed. Some of them are In
every particular government banks, car
red on by public officials and guaran-
teed by state revenues. Others are mere
lly under government control, and are
supported by the credit not of the state
Itself, but of the province, such as Han
over or Westphalia, or of one of those
affiliations of smaller administrative
units Their powers vary considerably.
In certain cases their statues permit
them to accept deposit and current ac-
counts; in others this is forbidden to
them. A few are empowered to finance
comprehensive schemes of land improve
ment, drainage, canalisation, flood pre-
vention, and road making, either when
these works are undertaken by public
bodies or private associations or individ-
uals. Their principal business remains,
however, the granting of loans to the
lesser categories of land owners.
Strong Indignation is expressed by Ger
man flying men at the police regulation
for aeroplanists issued in a special edi-
ton of the Berlin Gazette by the Ober-
president of the mark of Bradenburg.
Herr Wienczier, who made a striking
flight round the spire, says: "These reg
ulations are absurd. The police of Ger
many seem to be trying to do all they
can to hinder the progress of airmanship.
We intend to send a protest to the Ober-
president, and If that fails the world
may see the first strike of airmen.
take the regulations in turn. If we
are to be fined e3 every time the wind
| blows us across the limits of an aero
drome we might as well give up flying
With regard to the rare flights made
over towns no one would dream of max
ing them unless he was an expert air.
man, the weather conditions perfect, and
the engine working faultlessly. Besides
how can the police catch us when we are
sailing over village at the height of
1000 feet? It would test even the con-
science of motor-trap policeman to
identify us. 1 approve of the require
ment for a pilot certificate for everyone
giving exhibition flights, but aviation Is
not yet advanced enough for a code OF
rules to be shaped for it. Everything de-
ponds on the man. What is safe for one
is not safe for others"
German socialists have recently won
seven by-elections for the Reichstag
Their total parliamentary strength, which
was 43 at the retirement of Prince Bue-
low, has now risen to 30, so that they are
the third strongest party. Their numbers
are estimated at nearly 100000, and 1t is
thought probable that they may capture
over 100 seats at the general election Of
next year. Students of German socialist
literature can see. however, that the ad-
vance in numbers is counter balanced by
lack of unity. The orthodox MARKHAM sec
ton is at this moment deeply divided
over the question of the Revolt in Ba-
den' The Baden delegates have voted
for the state budget in their own diet,
thereby contravening the party rule that
non-socialst budgets must be refused.
Karl Kautsky rebukes his comrades in a
long and solemn article. He believes that
socialists are and have everything to lose
| by allying themselves with the liberal
groups It is instructive to compare with
this article that of DR.. Ludwig Quessel
which appeared in the soclalistic paper
| DR. GUESSED expresses the view of large
| circle of the party when he says that
'the proletarat, by itself, is too weak
i toTovercome the reaction in Germany"
and he urges that in the election of 1911
socialists should accept the principle
which will bring them in closer touch
with other progressive groups. The gulf
is deepening between the two great sec
tiors of German socialists. Moderate
rre like DR. Quessel. are drawing closer
to the liberals and striving on moderate
lines for necessary reforms. Strict