Arizona republican., 1910-11-05
SUBVERsWE PROPOSAL
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 the constitution of the United States and says:
 The Constitutional is imposed as duty upon the United States to guarantee to every state in the Union republican form of government. The requirement sprang from a conviction that governments of dissimilar prlnci- ples and forms were less adapted to a federal union than those which were substantially alike, and that the su- perlntending government ought to pos Sess authority to defend the system as agreed upon against innovations Which would bring with them discord- ant and antagonistic principles.
 What is Guaranteed.
 The terms of this provision pre- suppose a pre- existing government of a form that is to be guaranteed. As long, therefore, as the existing republi- can forms are continued by the states, they are guaranteed by the federal con- stitution. Whenever the states may choose to substitute other republican forms, they have right to do so, and to claim the federal guaranty for the latter. The only restriction imposed on them is that they shall not exchange republican for anti-republican consti- tutions'
 What is Republican-By republican government is understood a govern ment by representatives chosen by the people; and it contrasts on one side with democracy, in which the people or community as an organized whole Wleld sovereign powers Of government, and on the other with the rule of one man, as king, emperor, czar or sultan, or with that Of one class of men, as an aristOcracy"
 Also, BOuyier says, speaking of re- publican or representative democracy:
 "A form of government where the powers of the sovereignty are delegated to body of men, elected from time to time to exercise them for the benefit of the whole tion."-Bouvier's Insti- tutions, Vol. l, page 31.
 MT. Black, in his work on Constitu- tional law, at page 27, says:
 'Fhe United States is a federal re- public. So also each of the states is
 
 antees to each the continuance of re- publican government"
 And, further, he says, on the same page:
 The system of government in the United States and in the several states is distinguished from a pure democracy in this respect, that the will of the peO- pie is made manifest through repre- sentatives chosen by them to admin ister their affairs and make their laws"
 The Initiative and Referendum.
 Also, Judge McClain, for many years an associate justice of the supreme court of Iowa, and professor on consti- tutional laws, in his book recently pub lished on constitutional law, and dis cussing the initiative and referendum, says:
 Indeed, it is still open to discussion, notwithstanding the attempts to in- troduce the initiative and referendum, whether the exercise of the powers of i government by the people through the electoral body is not in violation of the provision. of the federal constitution | CArt1 w, Sec 4); that each state shall | have a republican form of government | necessarily involves the exercise of | government by representative officers | and bodies and the distribution of the | powers of government among distinct | and independent departments"
 The framers of the constitution of | the United States had before them the | of the thirteen original states; they were familiar with them. These thirteen states came into the Union with their existing constitutions; hence, it must follow that these con- stitutions provided a republican form of government
 A survey of these constitutions shows i that each and all of them provided for by representation and not by direct act or vote of the people. In regard to the legislative branch of the government and the people to legis- late, the following brief summary is submitted:
 The Early Constitutions.
 New Jersey constitution of 1776, in force until 1S44.
 this province shall be vested in a gov srnor legislative council and general assembly,"
 It is then provided by sections and ; 5 that the assembly shall have the l law making power.
 New York constitution of TIT, in force until after 1901: