davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27
BROWN-TAIL MOTH WAR
ON AGAIN in NEW ENGLAND
Injurious Insect RavaSinS In Massachusetts New Hap.
shire and Maine-Adjacent States


New England is again at war Her
historic hills are ringing with the
sounds of combat, and her verdant
valleys are volleying defiance to a
common enemy. The brown tail moth
10 the invader that the farmers and
scientific men Of New England are
battling and although the state of
Massachusetts alone has spent more
than $7.000,000 in the war against
him and his terrible brother. the
Gypsy moth, the human forces have
thus far met nothing but defeat. Like
the Gypsy. the brown tail moth works
his havoc in the caterpillar state. Each
mother moth lays about 800 eggs, and
each caterpillar converts several hun
dred leaves into skeletons in the
course of season.
At first the scientists thought the
caterpillar were partial to pear leaves,
but they soon discovered that while
the vermin always asked for a second
or third helping of Bartlett buds or
leaves. they would also pass up their
plate for more when on peach. cherry,
oak maple. elm or any other old tree
except the evergreens. Aha" cried
the deep-thinking scientists when they
made this discovery, "the brown tail
moth ceterpillars will not harm the
conifers That at least is a victory!'
But the owner of an orchard that Is
being rapidly skinned by the industri
GUS caterpillars may be pardoned 4
he does not jubilate over that fact
It is, of course, consoling to know
that the pesky brutes will not ea
pine cones. but how about the or
chard?
Just at present the brown tail mott
is pretty we'll spread over Massachus
etts, New Hampshire and Connecticut
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27
Female Brown Tail Moth.

where and when the scourge was i'm
ported is not definitely known. 1t is
believed. however. that 1t was first
brought from Holland or France on
some rose bushes to Somerville. Mass.
in 1890.
When one considers the remarkable
industry the caterpillar displays, its
Dutch descent seems probable It
was not recognized. however, by the
scientific sharps until 1897, when the
residents of Somerville and Cam
bridge found the strange caterpillar
feeding upon their pear trees. The
Gypsy moth commission of the state.
which was then fighting its hopeless
battle with the larger and better
known caterpillar. was at once noti-
fed, and the identity of the immigrant
was established. II had been known
for 200 years all over Europe, where
It had operated from the Mediterran-
can to Sweden.
BY the close of 1905 the brown tail
had spread pretty well over New Eng
land from lower Massachusetts to the
White mountains, and was still
spreading. Mrs. Brown Tail is a trav.
eler, which makes her great deal
more dangerous than Mrs. Gypsy. The
latter has wings, but cannot use them.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27
Delicious CONNECTIONS.

To glace nuts, boil one pound or
sugar with a cup of water, until 1t
hairs. Then add half a cup OF vine
gar and boil again until 1t cracks be-
tween the teeth. Drop little In Ice
water to cool, when trying. Watch
carefully now until II begins to turn
a little in color. then remove quickly
and set into boiling water while using
1t. Grease a couple of forks, Have
the nuts at the left. creased pan at
the right, and the syrup in front; then
dip rapidly With practice they may
be done very nicely; a second dipping
after they have become cold makes
them much prettier. Warm the syrup
occasionally to keep It liquid; 1t VIII
not bear many heatings without be-
ginning to burn. Fruits (dried) may
be glazed just as nuts.
A delicious confection is made oil
nuts, dates and figs ground together
and mixed through a meat chopper
Pack In little tin boxes and when
cold and hard cut in squares or slices
These may be dipped In fondant To
add variety to the Christmas box.
A beautiful nougat may be made by
dividing the fondant into four parts
color one green, another pink, put
chopped nuts and dates in third and
leave one white. Pack In layers In
a small tin box and let stand until
hard, then cut In slices. Chocolate
may be put on the top OF the white
layer If desired. which makes a pret
ty contrast Slices of this nougat ado
very much to the candy box.
To cream nuts or fruit: Melt lit
tie fondant over water; drop In the
nuts or fruit; drop on buttered sheets
| to COOL
The secret of the very soft choco
late cream is to have the fondan
rather soft, and then freeze 1t. Han
die 1t while frozen. then set away t
chill again before dipping.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27
Economy in Meats.


The high price of meats brings us
to the problem of making the tough
er portions take the place of the
choice cuts.
The end of the porterhouse which
is less tender, may be saved and put
through the meat chopper with
piece of round steak, then you have
your own hamburger steak, without
worry, as to its composition. Mold
into fiat cakes as thick at the edge
as In the center, so that they will
cook evenly. and broil, turn often.
season and serve with tomato sauce.
The steaks may be pan-broiled, put
into hot frying pan that has been
rubbed with suet, and cook until well
Drowned on both sides.
Tomato sauce seems very appro-
pirate to serve with hamburger steak,
but whichever sauce is used. it should
be thick and smooth. To prepare to-
mato sauce cook together two table
spoonfuls each of -four and butter,
add one and one-half cupfuls of to-
mato that has been simmered Is min
utes with slice of onion, two cloves,
teaspoonful OF salt and few dashes
OF cayenne.
Make the sauce before the steak is
broiled. strain and let II stand to
keep hot over hot water. Serve
poured around the steaks on a plat
ter; garnish with parsley and serve.
The chuck makes a good piece TO
cock In casserole Ia stone covered
dish) Wipe the meat with a cloth
wrung out OF cold water. place In the
casserole. cover tight, and cook for
several hours in moderately hot ov-
en- Season when hal cooked. add
vegetables such as carrots, potatoes
and turnips previously parboiled until
half cooked. The vegetables will give
flavor to the meat and the meat will
improve the vegetables. Another
cheap cut of meat is the flank steak.
This is an oval cut taken from the
flank. After the most OF the fat Is
removed 1t is scored diagonally on
both sides. When pan broiled and
served with maitre d'hotel butter, II Is
most paiatable and moderate In price
Maitre d'Hotel Butter.-Cream one.
fourth of cup OF butter. add one-half
teaspoon of salt. one-eighth OF tea,
spoon OF pepper. dash of cayenne
one-half teaspoonful OF chopped pars
ley and one-half a tablespoonful oi
lemon Juice, adding 1t drop by drop
stirring all the time.
When the steak is served. spread
half of the sauce on the platter and
the remainder on the top OF the
steak.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27

Mrs. Brown Tail has them, and uses
them very well. She is a dissipated
young thing, too, for she always flies
by night, and often telegraph poles
and the sides of houses will be liter.
ally whitened In the latter part OF
July. The time Of flight Is from the
1st to the Goth of July, and as the
prevailing winds in New England are
from the southwest. the spread OF the
pest has been mostly toward the
northeast.
The moths begin laying their eggs
soon after their fight is commenced.
and the larvae hatch In the early part
of August. They begin eating as soon
as they are hatched, first feeding on
the leaves where they were brought
to light, and later wandering all over
the tree. At night, like well-trained
little ones. they return to their orig
inal leaf When they are hatched
they are about one-twelfth OF an inch
In length, and in FIVE or six weeks shed
their first skin. Later in the season
they mott again. Along In September
the caterpillars begin to spin their
/ winter webs by drawing together a
number of leaves with silken threads
of their own manufacture. and when
the weather becomes real cold. form
colonies of 200 or 500. enter their
nests or webs" as the experts call
them, and close the holes after them.
They are then about one-quarter
grown.
In the spring. as soon as the buds
appear, the caterpillars emerge from
their winter quarters with a six
months appetite. and proceed to eat
the farmer out of his orchard. The
caterpillar by dint Of rapid and con.
tinuous eating reaches full size. Z
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27
POWER FROM MOVING MACHINE

To secure horsepower from now
ing machine, remove the drive wheel
from the side opposite the gearing of
a moving machine, turn the machine
on it's side so the wheel shaft stands
vertical and bolt II between two
heavy planks about six or seven feet
long. This will give reasonably good
horsepower for any light work. The
plank must be fastened to good, heavy
stakes that have been driven well into
the ground. A timber. possibly the
tongue of the machine. is next bolted
to the drive wheels az shown, lead
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27
CoWpas for Hay.

Growing cowpeas for hay has gen.
orally been found to be satisfactory.
but the main objection to the crop
for this purpose is that the stems of
the plants are very sappy and difficult
to cure. A week of good weather Is
required to cure cowpea hay. and II
rains and damp weather come while
the hay is down much damage results
II the crop is stored before It is well
cured the hay is very likely to mold
in the stack or NOW. making It unfit
for feeding.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27
Indian Pudding.

Scald a quart of skim milk, add two
thirds of cup of corn meal. cook ten
minutes, add half cupful of suet, one
cupful of sugar, half cupful OF rails.
ins. two eggs and nutmeg 20 season.
Put into a baking dish and place In
the oven. stir occasionally at first tc
keep the raisins from sinking to the
bottom. Add half cupful of flour
and another pint of milk well mixed
just as Il goes into the oven. The
-four with the suet makes the de
licious brown crust on the top of the
pudding.
Some cooks add molasses instead OF
sugar. for sweetening. This makes Q
darker pudding. but the sugar gives
more delicately favored one.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27
Cow Stall for Dairy Barn.

The accompanying cut illustrates the
COW stall now in use at the dairy barn,
University of Minnesota. The COW Is
fastened by means of rope or chain
which snaps behind her The length
of the stall from the gutter to the
front post should be seven feet. "a
to b.
The gates which are four feet long
should all swing the same way so
that the stalls may be more easily
cleaned. 1t will be noticed by refer
ring to the cut that the rear posts just
In front of the gutter slant back at
the ceiling. thus giving more room for
the mixer.
The width of the stall from CEN
ter to center is usually given as three
feet, but we find three feet too mar
row even with small Jersey cows.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27
Chocolate Creams.

Mold the fondant favored as de
sired with vanilla. peppermint or any
kind liked Set out to chill well be
fore dipping. Melt the bitter choco
late and dip the creams quickly with
bonbon dipper or one may use hat
pins.
Any color OF bonbon may be made
by dipping the creams In the melted
fondant colored as desired.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27

One of the cows takes a four foot
stall, but she is exceptionally large
and not of the dairy type. For the
average dairy animal of the Holstein.
Jersey and Guernsey breed, three and
one-half feet has been found none too
vide for comfortable stall.
Stationary hangers are not as good
as loose ones. The adjustable man.
ger is the whole thing.
1t is impossible to keep COW clean
without adjusting the mauger so that
she stands just at the edge Of the
gutter. In the university farm
barn there is difference of one foot
and four inches in the length Of the
stalls Of Belle and Cylene from that
occupied by Letta. II COW or
heifer stands six inches ahead Of the
gutter it is impossible to keep her
clean.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27
Rolled Oats in Calf Feeding.

An experiment lasting 13 weeks was
made at the North Carolina station to
compare cooked rolled oats with skim
milk as feed for calves. Nine calves
fed the rolled oats made an average
daily gain per head OF Liza pounds.
whereas two valves fed the skim milk
made an average daily gain per head
OF 121 pounds. On the basis that
one pound of rolled oats is equal to
one gallon Of whole milk, and that
whole milk is worth eight cents per
quart to milkmen, the cost OF the milk
for "a 13-weeks-old calf receiving no
rolled oats Is $26.96. When rolled
oats (Which cost "a cents per pound
delivered In barrel lots) are substi-
tuted for milk. as shown above. the
cost of the calf feed for the same
period 10 only $12.46. saving of
$14.50 In favor of the rolled oats.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27
PROFITABLE TO
WINTER SWINE
BY Proper Feeding Hogs Can BE
Kept at Reasonable Cost
HOMEGROWN Feeds Make
Good Rations.
(BY ]. NJ. DUNLAP.)

tBf j. M. DONl1Af)
1t is common question to be asked
II it will pay to winter swine. l can
see but one way to winter swine at a
reasonable cost, and 1t is to winter
them on as cheap feeds as possible,
and make homegrown feeds, clover.
alfalfa and ensilage form a prominent
part of the ration.
II we can. winter an animal in this
way and feed out only small amount
OF grain, think we can make fairly
good gains. but 1t is a common occur
renee to go on farm In the spring
and see 100 hogs that will weigh
the same in May as they did in De-
cember, and all of the corn cribs
empty.
Something is wrong when we see
that kind of hogs. but no one will dis
pute the fact that the average feeder
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27
German Chocolate Cookies.

Add the ingredients in the. order
given: Two eggs. one cup brown su
gar, two squares of chocolate (grated)
one-fourth of teaspoon of cinnamon
one-half teaspoon Of salt, grated rint
of half a lemon, one and one-thiro
cups of blanched almonds, chopped
one cup of -four. sifted with one tea
spoon of baking powder. Drop from
a spoon on buttered sheet and bake
In a moderate oven.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27
Cowpeas Enrich Soil,

Not only have cowpeas been found
valuable as a soil enriching crop, but
they have proved to be most excellent
feed for live stock used as forage and
cured hay. The hay used is compare
lively rich in protein and makes good
dairy feed, and is likewise good for
young stock and work horses, fed in
limited amounts.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27

either feeds out more feed than can
be fed with profit, or else has
bunch of scrub pigs in the spring.
There is one advantage in winter
ing pigs; we have them In time to
feed out and reap the benefits of a
good summer market and in that man.
ner receive considerably more money
than we would If we were compelled
to market them while the market was
overstocked In November or De-
cember.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27
Generalities.

To loosen stubborn glass stopper,
pour in a little olive oil. let stand for
a while, then remove the stopper. A
good plan to use with the tight stop
pers, is to dip them in oil before put
ting into the bottle. This will keeI
them from sticking again. Vaseline
may be used instead of the oil.
The cork of glue or a cement bot
tie may be easily removed II 1t is
rubbed with vaseline before inserting
n
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27
Salad DRESSING for Fruit.

Take one-half cup OF orange juice
one-quarter of cup Of lemon Juice
one-half cupful Of sugar. two table
spoonfuls each of -four and butter
cook together until smooth and the
starch of the -four is well cooked
Serve on combination of apple
peanuts and banana.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27
Chestnut Dainties.

These delicious nuts ought to take
a large place In our cookery for there
are so many ways of serving them
and they are such wholesome nuts
Add pint of chestnuts that have
been cooked and put through sieve
to the gravy made to serve with the
roast turkey. the chestnuts are 8
great addition. They are nice fol
soups, desserts and CONNECTIONS.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27

SG1RE we grateful. as grateful we
should be,
For commonplace days OF delight.
When safe we fare forth to our labor.
And safe we fare homeward Mt night;
For the weeks In which nothing has hap
pened.
Save commonplace toiling and play.
When we've worked at the tasks OF the
household
And peace hushed the house day by
day?"
M e. Sangster.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27
Fonda ant.

Fondant is the foundation for any
number OF different kinds OF candy
To make 1t, take four cupfuls of gran
ulated sugar or one large spoonful Of
glucose, and half cupful OF water
Boil until when tried in cold water q
soft. waxy ball is formed. Set away
to cool; when cool. stir until creamy
This is the base for different kinds OF
candles.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27

and has appeared here and there in
Rhode Island and Maine. The old
Bay state, however, has received the
brunt of the attack and hundreds Of
square miles of forest and orchard
have been devastated within the
boundaries of Massachusetts. Just
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27
Pure Bred Stock.

Pure-bred stock have been brought
to the present high standard by right
mating, good care and liberal feeding,
and must be continued or the stand.
ard will not be advanced or even re.
tanned, and the result will be pure
bred scrub.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27
Nut Cakes.

Pound one pound of pecan meats
and mix with pound of sugar and
one-fourth of cupful of flour. Beat
the whites Of six eggs until stiff. then
add the first mixture and one tea
spoonful of vanilla. Drop on but
tered paper and bake 20 minutes In a
moderate oven.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27
Generalitles.

Wash raisins in cold water before
putting them through the meat chop.
per and they will not stick together.
Put thimble over the sash curtain
rod when putting on the curtains.
Set scorched fruit at once in pan
of cold water. Do not stir and the
mixture will not taste scorched.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27

pole fastened to the same and a sin
gletree fastened to the end of the
sweep. Gas pipe may be used for the
tumbling rod and the same fastened
TO the pitman shaft with bolt which
passes through both the gas pipe aud
the pitman. Leave the ratchet in the
drive wheel so the machine may be
used without interfering with the
sweep. These horse-powers are often
seen in the coal districts about Joplin,
Mo-, and Pittsburg, Kan, and are used
for pumping the water out OF striD
pits.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27

trifie over an inch in length. early In
June. During the latter part of June
1t spins Its cocoon, transforms itself
into a pupa, and remains in that state
for 20 days. Then 1t comes out a
moth in July. flies to more congenial
orchards, and starts the work Of null
tiplication and devastation anew.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27

- HERE is many gem in the
path of life.
Which we pass In our idle pleasure,
That is richer far than the jeweled
crown.
Or the miser's boarded treasure.
1t may be the love of little child,
Or mothers prayers to Heaven,
Or only a beggar's grateful thanks
For cup of water given"
Mrs. NJ. A. Kidder.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27
south Carolina suckwheat Cakes.

Take one quart of buckwheat -four.
one pint of cold boiled hominy. one
and one-half cupfuls of yeast Add
milk or tepid water and stand over
night. In the morning add one table
spoonful of brown sugar and tea
spoonful of baking powder.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27
Keen OF vermin.

very essential thing with poul-
try is to keep the flock free from lice.
and mites. Cedar or sassafras poles
for roosts are good to keep off vermin
Tobacco smoke Is good to kill the lice.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27

N you can climb to the top
without falling,
Do IT, II not. go as high as you can.
Man is not honored by business or call
ing;
Business and calling are honored by
man" Mrs. Gage.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1910-01-27

81 EAVE me to the humming
OF my little hive,
Glad TO earn living
Glad TO be alive"
Lucy Larcom
The Batesburg advocate. [volume] (Batesburg, S.C.) 1901-1911, 1910-02-18
RIDGE SPRING NEWS

Over and over these flowers repeat,
With fond insistence l love you
sweet"
Heraldry fond, of the warm spring
time
send to you my Valentine.
Just where the custom originated
has always been looked upon as ma
ting time and favorable to the send
ing of billet doux and love making.
In St Valentines day, birds, they
say, choose their mates. The wooer
calling iE persuasive note "machere
machere" and receiving the answer
here. here; be that as it may to the
observant lover of nature the SONGS
of birds are more noticeable on St.
Valentines day than on any day
previous.
Scarce century agone the first
lass met by love sick swain in the
morning was acknowledged as his
Valentine by sending her some SEN
timental memento of the auspicious
event, she in return lending willing
ear TO his love lorn plant.
In ancient times Februarius. Cor
February dominated by the God
FebruiuS was the month wherein on
the 18th day was celebrated a fes-
tai day called dies febluata" from
februare, to purify.
Then the Luperci or priests Of
LupercuS, after certain rites and sac
rifices ran through the city wearing
only cincture of goatskin strikinp
with leather thongs all whom thew
met, this performance was a symbol
ic publication of the land and the
people.
The Lupercalia. were held in hon
or of Lupercus the God of fertility;
hence seed entrusted to the soil on
St. Valentines day make thrifty
plants and assure abundant fruitage,
therefore wide awake gardeners are
ever eager to take advantage of the
day to begin early gardening.
The Batesburg advocate. [volume] (Batesburg, S.C.) 1901-1911, 1910-02-18
TOOK ALL HIS MONEY.

Often all man earns goes to
doctors or for medicines, to cure a
Stomach, Liver or Kidney trouble
that Dr. Kings New Life Pills
would quickly cure at slight cost.
Best for Dyspepsia, Indigestion,
Biliousness, Constipation, Jaundice,
Malaria and Debility. 25c at All
druggists.