davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
THIRD OF KING
EDWARDS REIGN
New British Parliament As
sembles at Westminster.
GREAT INTEREST SHOWN

Immense Crowds Gather in the Streets
to Watch the Arrival Of the Mem.
bers and Cheer Their Favorites-Re.
Election Of Speaker Lowther as Pre-.
siding Officer Of House Merely q
Matter Of Form.
London, Feb. 16.-After the hardest
fought election England has ever
known the third parliament of King
Edwards reign has assembled at West
minister.
AS the hour for converting ap-
preached an enormous crowd gathered
in the streets of Westminster to watch
the members arrive. The chancellor
Of the exchequer, Lloyd-G George, was SO
enthusiastically greeted that it took a
strong squad of policemen to get him
in safely from his official residence.
Inside the house of commons con-
fusion prevailed. One by one the new
members marched up to Speaker Low
theirs table to be presented to the pre-
siding officer. The latter perfunctorily
turned them over to the clerks, who
administered the oath of office.
The swearing in was interrupted by
the traditional arrival Of the gentle
man usher of the black rod, otherwise
Admiral Sir H. Stephenson, to sum-
mon the commons to the bar of the
house to "hear his majesty's commits
sion"
In the House Of Lords.
In the upper chamber the lord chan.
cellor, Lord Loreburn, and his fellows,
in full state robes, stood waiting on
the steps of the throne while the rest
of the lords sat around them bare
headed. The lord chancellor read the
Commission" briefly commanding the
faithful commons" in the kings name
to "elect a fit and proper person to
the Office CT speaker"
The faithful" commons immediate
ly returned to their own chamber
where Thomas Burt, a Liberal, nomi-
mated James Lowther for speaker, a
mere form, inasmuch as the same
speaker is. elected session after ses.
sion, Speaker Lowther, starting on his
third term, having been first elected
under the Conservative administration
of Premier Balfour.
Technically the session cannot be
said to have convened until next Mon
day, when King Edward will open it in
person and in full state. The interim
will be filled with ~effecting the eulogy.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
FIVE KILLED; FORTY INJURED

Passenger Trains in Collision on Geor-
gia Railroad.
Macon, Ca, Feb. 16.-A head on COL
lision between north and southbOund
passenger trains, which tied up the
Georgia Southern and Florida railways
for several hours, occurred nineteen
miles south of here. Five persons
were instantly killed and forty injured.
1t was stated at the city hospital
that tue injured persons will probably
recover.
The wreck was caused, it is alleged.
by the failure of the crew of the
northbound train to obey orders and
wait until the other train passed them
at BOnaire.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
SUCCESSFUL TEST is MADE
smokeIess Locomotive Given Trial at
CHICAGO,

Chicago, Feb. ia test of a new
type Of locomotive which is declared
to be smokeless was made on the
tracks Of the Chicago Junction rail-
way. The inventor says the engine
saves fuel and makes identification
unnecessary. The engine pulled a
train of five cars back and forth
through the West Side switching dis.
trict without smoke beyond a slight
grayish vapor, which the inventor,
Francis j. Doyle. said was due to the
fact that the locomotive used was an.
old one, fitted with the smoke consum-
ing device for purposes Of demonstra-
fi0n
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
FOOD PRICES DISCUSSED
Manufacturers and Dealers Deny Re.
sponsibility for Advance.

Chicago, Feb. 16.-Defending them.
selves from the charge Of making ex-
cessive profits on food products a hun
bred manufacturers, jobbers and re.
tailers at a mass meeting here outlined
what they considered the causes for
the present high prices of food. The
causes, they said, were the high tariff,
the increase in the production of gold,
trusts, labor unions and the extrava-
gance of the average American house
holder. h
The meeting decided to hold further
sessions, at which resolutions will be
adopted offering suggestions for a solu.
ton Of the food prblem.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
Chicago Live Stock.

Chicago, Feb. l5.-Cattle-Beevee.
@4.36@7.S0; Texas steers. $4.00@5.1OS
Western steers. $4.20@6.00; stockers
and feeders, S3.1506.50; cows md
heifers, $2.2506.S0; calves. $7000e.
Is. Hogs-Light, Ss.7o09.15; mixed,
3S.75@9.25; heavy. $s.7b@9.25; rough;
$8.75@8.S0; good to choice heavy, ST.
s0@9.25; pigs, $7.s0@s.S0. Sheep
Natives. $4.7006.75; yearlings. 37.3603
$50; lambs. $6.75@9.o0.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
Prominent In Express Circles

Chicago, Feb. 16.-Edward s. Averill,
for fifteen years general superintend.
ent Of the United States Express com.
pany, is dead. In 1908 he organized
and became general manager of the
Continental Express company, a sub.
sidiary corporation Of the Chicago, Mil.
waukee and st. Paul railroad.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
No conaestion Of Freight.

ST, Paul, Feb. 1.-THE state rail-
road and warehouse commission has
found no freight cong .stion due to the
switchmen's strike. The commission
has reported to Governor Eberhart on
the Investigation which it has just
completed. While the investigation
covered the entire state it deals spe-
cifcally nth st. Paul and Minneap-
oils.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
KANSAS ROBBERS USE auto
Loot Bank Of s3,575 and Make Their
Escape.

Dodge City, Kan, Feb. 16.-Robbers
who travelled in an automobile stole
$3,575 from the State bank of Ford.
twenty miles southeast of here. Four
charges of nitroglycerin were used in
blowing the safe. The bandits were
gone several hours before the rob-
berry was discovered.
They LETT the car half a mile from
town. Before committing the crime
they cut all of the telegraph and tele-
phone wires in the town. =
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
PROPOSES MEDAL FOR PEARY
Bill Also aives Explorer the Thank,
of Congress.

Washington. Feb. ia gold medal
and the thanks of congress for Robert
e. Peary, discoverer Of the North pole,
is contemplated in q bill introduced
by Representative Butler Of Pennsyl-
vania, chairman of the subcommittee
which a few days ago reported ad-
versely on the proposition. to make the
explorer a IA admiral In the United
States navy.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
FOR IMPROVING ITS LINE
500 will Spend Eight millions During
III Present Year.

st. Paul, Feb. l6.-The 500 railroad
has announced its intention Of spend
ing s8,OO0,0 900 for improvements during
the year.
Of this amount 100000 will be ex-
pended upon the Chicago division, for
merly the Wisconsin Central. The rest
Of the available funds will be spent in
improving the main line of the 500. al.
though q good share will be put into
the Thief River Falls to Duluth ex.
tension, recently completed by the
company. No part Of the sun speci-
fied will be spent for equipment. It
Will be used for lowering grades.
Strengthening curves and strengthen.
ing bridges. S! 81 81
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
Long Term for Small Theft.

New York, Feb. 16.-Thomas Nc.
Cormack must serve twelve years in
Sing Sing for a robbery which netted
him only SO cents. On the night of
Feb. 1 he held up a man on a Brooklyn
street. He received a long sentence
as an old offender.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
St. Paul Live Stock.

st. Paul, Feb. 15.-Cattle-Good to
choice steers, &6.75@7.50; fair to good,
$5.00@6.75; good to choice cows and
heifers, $4.25@5.25; veals, $5.O0@7.25.
Hogs-$S.50@8.90. Sheep-Wethers.
$6.85@6.40; %yearlings. $5.O0@5.s5;
spring lambs, $S.O0@8.50.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
GREAT STRIKE IS PROBABLE
Forty Thousand Union Men Vote to
Quit In New York.

New York, Feb. 16.-A building
trades strike which will call out thou
sands of local workers is threatened.
Forty thousand union men have voted
to quit work and thousands of others
r voting on the question of striking
in sympathy with the striking steam
filters.
Should the workmen in the building
trades go out in sympathy with the
steamfitters the employers propose to
declare open shop.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
Hogs Touch New High Point.

st. Paul, Feb. 16.-Several carloads
Of especially choice hogs at South st.
Paul touched $3.50 q hundred pounds
and the average price paid was above
1915, the previous high point. The
local market is still under the Chicago
quotations by from 20 to 80 cents but
there Is apparently no end In sight
and the most optimistic stock buyer
will not predict lower prices IN the
near future. 4 It'll 55
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
CAUSES PANIC IN HOSPITAL
Fire at New York Follows Explosion
of Whisky.

New York, Feb. 16.-The explosion
Of a five-gallon jug of whisky which
was ripening behind the stove in the
kitchen of Israel Hantman's fiat in an
apartment started a fire In which five
persons were injured. As an incident
of the fire there was an incipient panic
in the wards of the Beth Israel hospi-
tai, which is directly across the street
from the apartment house.
The Hartman family were preparing
for the wedding feast of their daugh-
ter Anna and had purchased the whis-
Ky for this festival. Father, mother
and bride.to.be were all severely
burned.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
sl.ek Hand After LealsIator.

Chicago, Feb. 1e.-A 5000 Black
Hand" demand was served IN State
Representative P.sJ. Sullivan, but as
he left for Springfield to resume his
duty. at the extra session he could not
remain to place the money on the
bridge at West Chicago avenue and
North Halsted street, as requested.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
duluth Wheat and Flax.

Duluth, Feb. 15.-Wheat-To arrive
and on track-No. 1 hard, $1.13A; No.
1 Northern, $1.13%; No. 2 Northern,
S1.11A; May and July, 31.13A. Flax
In store, on track, to arrive and
May, $2.18A; Sept, $40.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
GRAIN AND PROVISION PRICES
Minneapolis Wheat.

Minneapolis, Feb. 15.-Wheat-May.
$1.13A @1.13N; Sept, $1.12A @1.12N.
On track-No. 1 hard, $1.14@1.15. No.
1 Northern, $1.13k @1.14k; No. 2
Northern, $1.11k@1.12h; No. 3 North.
srn, $1.O6k@1.11k.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
Pleads. Guilty to Larceny.

/ Superior, Wis, Feb. 16.-Alex Nc.
Aloon, chairman Of the town Of Cor.
don, pleaded guilty in the circuit court
and was sentenced to six months in
the county jail. He was charged with
the larceny Of two county orders, one
for 1866 and the o'her for a less
amount.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
Fishing Boat sunk by steamer.

Hamburg, Feb. 16,-The British.
steamer Greenland Of the Liverpool
and Hamburg line arrived here and
reported having run down and sunk
an unknown fishing steamer of Cape
Ia Hague. In the English channel. All
the crew Of the fisherman were lost.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
CHICAGO Grain and Provisions.

Chicago. Feb. 16.-Wheat-May. 81
12h @1.12M; July. $1.03%; Sept.
$3.50. Corn-May, 67% @67hc; July.
67hc; Sept, 67xc. Oats-May, 4757k
@47Ac; July, 44Ac; Sept. 44Ac.
Pork-May, $685.; July, $23.22h.
Butter-Creameries. 25@2Sc; diaries.
21@25c. Eggs-17@24hc. Poultry
Turkeys, 17c; chickens and springs,
Ice.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
Snow Stall. Railway Trains.

Spokane, Feb. 16.-snow, which has
fallen steadily in Occur d,Alene and
Western Montana, is stalling railroad
traf1c. More than four feet has fallen
in the last thirty-six hours. Several
small slides have been encountered
and cleared, but as the snowfall con-
tinues heavier slides are expected.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
Roekefeuer Associate Dead.

Orange, N. J., Feb. 16.-Captain
Charles w. DIVISION. for forty years an
aid to John D. Rockefeller and one Of
the most widely known oil men l n1the
United States, died suddenly Of heart
failure In the Lackawanna railroad sta
ton here.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
AFTER REPEATED DELAYS
Case Against Hartman Merger Re.
sumed at New York. ".

New York, Feb. 16.-After repeated
postponements the hearing in the suit
of the federal government to dissolve
the Union Pacific-Southern Pacific
merger was resumed here with John
G. Stubbs, general traffic director of
the Hartman lines. on the witness
stand. .5 .
For weeks it has been reported that
the administration would drop the
suit.
Frank B. Kellogg and G. A. Sew
erance of St. Paul are acting IS coun-
sci for the government.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
Mrs. RooseveIt Sails.

New York, Feb. 16.-Mrs. Theodore
Roosevelt and her daughter, Miss
Ethel, sailed on the steamer Hamburg
to meet Colonel Roosevelt early in
March at Khartoum.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
HIS DEATH EXPECTED SOON
Ex-suItan Of Turkey Said to Be HOPE.
iessIy Insane.

Constantinople, Feb. 16.-Abdul
Hamid, who for thirty.three years was
the despotic ruler of Turkey, is hope.
lessly insane and is starving himself
to death in his prison palace at Sa.
lonika, according to authoritative dis.
patches from there. The death of the
former ruler is believed to be q ques.
ton of days.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
Hsrbsrt aladstons ! Pssr.

London, Feb. 16.-Herbert John Glad
stone, secretary OF state for homo az
fairs, and who. through = recent ap.
pointmept. II about to become govern
o. general OF British South Africa, has
been elevated to the peerage.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
Railway Bridge spans Burn.

Winonla, MINI. Feb. 16.-Travel over.
the Rochester.Winona branch 81 the
Great Western road was delayed for
twenty.four hours by the burning out
of two spans % the bridge near Bear
creek. The IRE started from y defec-
tive fire box inthe engine q an extra,
train. s Ss
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
BRANCH LINES ARE BLOCKED

Snow Badly Drifted and Temperature
Around Zero.
Fargo, N. D., Feb. 16.-Rapidly drift
ing snow is falling all over this part
Of the state. The temperature is
around zero and not unpleasant,
though colder weather and more snow
are predicted.
On the Northern Pacific all branch
line trains were held because of block
AIDED condition Of the tracks, but west
bound trains arrived practically on
time and. were sent west behind snow.
plows.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-02-25
rhaw Case Set for FEB. e.

Nshkill Landing, N. r.. Feb. 16.-
February % has been set as the date
for the first hearing on the application
Of Harry K. Thaw to be transferred
from the Matteawan asylum for the
criminal insane TO some other institu.
ton.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-10-01

Mrs. H. l.. Bolley, library board, Fargo;
Mrs q. M, Darrow, state library COM
mission. Fargo; Mrs, Minnie Clarke
Budlong, secretary public library COM
mission, Bismarck; Edith A. Conn,
Fargo college. Fargo; Nellie Olsen,
normal library. Mayville; Lillian MI
rick, state school Of science library,
Wahpeton; Elizabeth Schryver. agri-
cultural college, Fargo; Ethel Mcveety,
agricultural college, Fargo: r. A. Mes
tos, Minot; g. w. Quanbeck, Oak Grove
seminary, Fargo: Mrs. s. q. Roberts.
Fargo; Miss Alice M. Paddock, James
town; Mrs. A. M. Burt, Jamestown;
Helen ]. Allen, Jamestown.
Minnesota Delegates.
The Minnesota delegates are: Miss
Francis Earhart, Duluth; Miss Mabel
Newhard, Virginia; Miss Lillian Bar
reson, Two Harbors; Beatrice Mills,
Bemidji; Elizabeth Lommen, Crook
ston; Mrs Elizabeth Blanchard, Thief
River Falls; Miss Amy Lewis, Fergus
Falls; r. A. Laven, Minneapolis; Mrs.
Margaret Evans, Northfeld; Mrs. Bes-
sic Twigg OF the department of public
instruction, ST. Paul; Miss Clara Bald
win, Miss Martha Wilson, Miss Mary
Prindeli and Miriam Carey of the
state library commission, all OF ST.
Paul; Miss Grace Poland of the Moor
head public library: Miss Margaret
Finegan of the Moorhead high school
library, and Miss LESSEE Mckenzie of
the Moorhead normal school library.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-10-01
UNCENSOREDPICTURES
POISON Minds OF YOUNG
FRANK CRITICISM MARKS OPEN.
ING OF CATHOLIC CHARITIES
CONVENTION.

washington, Oct. blaming pres
ent social conditions for many. de-
bauched and wrecked lives among the
young, declaring that factories which
do not take care of their workmen send
out yearly armies of human derelicts
and blaming uncensored moving pic
ture shows for poisoning the minds of
youths and maidens,. Robert Briggs, of
Baltimore made the principal address
Of the morning to the delegates at the
first national conference Of Catholic
Charities at the Catholic university.
Mr.. Briggs theme was The Dependent
Family.
He outlined the methods employed
by the st. Vincent DePaul society and
other charitable institutions to aid the
destitute and needy, explained what,
in his opinion, were causes of poverty,
and then pointed out wherein Catholic
| charities had succeeded and where they
had failed. His address was followed
| by discussions on the subject from
high Catholic dignitaries and laymen
from all over the world. The discus
sions were frank and the criticisms of
Catholic methods unreserved.
Frankness in criticism where criti-
cism is due was the keynote of today's
meeting and when Bishop Peter j.
Callaghan of Chicago, president of the
Total Abstinence Union of America.
charged the Catholic church with not
doing its full duty, applause came from
the entire assemblage.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-10-01

perman of the county, takes over the
subscription list, business and good
will of The Emmons County Advocate.
The deal was made with practically
no premature negotiations and came
as a surprise to large number Of
Emmons county people. The type and
machinery was not included in the
purchase, but will be packed up and
shipped to the new town of Shields,
where c. A. Patterson. late proprietor
Of The Advocate, intends to start a
new paper. The Advocate will con-
tinue publication from IFS present
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-10-01
SESSIONS
end TODAY
Continued from Page one.
The Moorhead Programme.

The part of the convention pro-
gramme, which was held in Moorhead
last night, was probably one of the
most interesting features of the entire
session to the library workers.
At o'clock the delegates gathered
at the annex of the normal school
where most sumptuous dinner was
given during which the visitors had
probably the best opportunity to get
acquainted with each other.
FLOWING the dinner public meet
ing was held in the auditorium of the
normal at which large number of
citizens of Fargo and Moorhead were
present in addition to the regularly ac-
credited delegates to the convention.
AT this meeting Chalmers Hadley, Sec
rotary of the American Library assoc
citation and who hales from Indianapo-
lis, delivered an address on the sub
ject of State Associations of Librar-
ians.
The programme did not begin until
nearly 9 o'clock and it was quite late
when the meeting was over. The even-
ing entertainment was started by a.
vocal solo by Mrs, Burnham, who sang
In her usual excellent form and won q
hearty encore to which she responded
with the Ava Maria, sung with a vio-
lin obligato played by Miss Carpenter
Of Fargo. r tx
Secretary Eiadsley's Address.
The speaker Of the evening was in
troduced by George Perley, who in q
short talk called the attention Of
those present, to the value Of good Ii
49,, -. - a.. ..n5arp ntuiIS1af inu and
education.
TT has been the public library that
has kept us In touch with the best
things in life" said Mr.. Perley.
Secretary Hadley spoke at length
upon the work that should be under
taken in the convention of the various
state library associations and also CALI
ed the attention of the audience to
mistakes that have been made and how
these errors could be avoided.
One thing which was probably of
most interest to the general public in
Mr.. Hatley's address was when he
called the attention OF the errors that
have been made in library buildings.
II believe that too much money is
being put in library buildings to the
detriment of the furnishings and ar
rangement Of the interior" said the
speaker II think this subject is Of
especial Importance in this northwest
country where extensive library con-
struction is just being entered upon.
"At the worlds Columbian exposition
all but the manufacturers building was
constructed on the ancient Greek style
Of architecture. The effects of this
has been felt all over the country, as
Immediately almost every public build
Ing has followed this classic pattern in
some of its forms. 1t is all right and
is most beautiful, but 1t has led to too
much being put into the construction
Of the buildings to the detriment Of
Interior adaptability and usefulness. In
small Libraries 1t is most expensive.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-10-01

London. Oct. 1.-The war scare has
again been aroused in England and
1915 has been prophesied as the time
when England and Germany will
actually enter into open conflict. It is
thought that att the next session OF
parliament increased appropriations
for navy and army viii be made on
scale never before dreamed of. AT the
same time it is well known Germany Ia
spending millions each year In
STRENGTHENING her fortifications, en- :
iarging her army and building more
battleships.
Increased attention has been drawn
to It by the recent outbreak Of spy
mania, which had its source In the ar
rest In Germany of q couple Of Eng
lishmen who were swapping cameras
around the new German fortifications
1T Borkunl, while England played her
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-10-01

has taken place. In library work this
is great mistake"
The speaker had many other things
of great interest to tell the library
workers in regard to their conventions
and what should be discussed therein.
He seemed to think that there was a
general tendency to pay too much at
tention to the detail work of the libra
rian in these meetings-details that no
two Libraries in different localities
could adopt with success THE detail
work is largely governed by local con-
ditions and while 1t is all right to
bring them up at the conventions 1t is
more important that matters of more
general Importance should be given the
preference" Mr.. Hadley said.
The ideas Of the speaker were well
received by those present and there is
no doubt but that his address will have
its effect In the work
Reception Held After Meeting.
After the speaker had finished the
meeting adjourned to the library of
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1910-10-01

the state should defray part Of the
expense and a legislative appropria
ton of $4,000 was made. The unveil-
Ing took place last July.S
Last week, in terrific storm, dur
ing which every fire alarm box in the
city was put out of commission, tele-
hone and telegraph communication
stopped and nearly five inches of rain
fell, a second bolt of slightning struck
the new monument, shattering one
arm and otherwise so completely de-
molishing the statute that it will again
have to be replaced.