The Washington herald. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1939, 1910-10-23
Nv Ex-ATTACHE.

Thus far, but one power. namely. Bra
I'll. has accorded full recognition 10 the
new-hedged republic OF Portugal. an ac-
ton largely due TO the closeness OF the
tlrs Of kinsmansnip, as well as the iden-
uty OF origin and of speech. OF the two
nations. Most Of the other foreign
states have consented 10 carry on official
intercourse with the leaders and minis
tiers OF the republic, as representing the
de facto government
But this does not mean that they have
followed the example OF Brazil. in ac-
cOrding reco :nition TO the Revolutionary
regime at Lisbon. And in Joining the Old
World nations. monarchical az well as
republican IN this wise reserve, the Unit
ed States is acting In accordance with
the precedents set by George Washing
ton and his Secretary OF State. Thomas
Jefferson. In 1892. and by President Mon
roe and his Secretary OF State, John
Quincy Adams. in 1873.
In the latter instance. the United States
could not but view with sympathy the
revolution OF SPANS colonies IN Southern
and Central America, against their home
government. and the proclamation Of
their Independence. as sister republics.
Principle OF Law.
Yet Adams. by the direction OF Presi-
dent Monroe. wrote in lS23, with regard
90 those revolted colonies OF King Ferdi-
nand. When a sovereign has a reason
able hope OF maintaining his authority
over insurgents. the recognition Of the in
dependence OF such insurgents would be
an international wrong"
This principle is in keeping with AL the
doctrines of International law. as eX-
pounded In all the standard works deal
ing with the subject. the ground being
taken that the premature recognition of
revolutionary administration, not def
nitely accepted by the people OF the coun-
try concerned. would constitute an en-
c0uragement TO rebellion. and In that
sense n unwarTanted intervention IN the
domestic affairs OF the nation By a for
eigh power.
II may be taken for granted that not
until the NJ republic az Lisbon has fur
nished adequate proof OF Us stability,
AMI q It's approval by the bulk of the
Portuguese people Will II secure full
recognition be- the United States, and by
the other great powers Of the world.
Human Interest.
or course. there is a considerable
amount OF difference between the recog-
milton OF governments belIIgerency,
and of its independence.
In the interests or humanity. and Of the
trade Of neutral states. revolutionary
forces and institutions are sometimes &C
corded recognition ar belligeTents, by
means OF which they are endowed with
quasi-politcal status. far short, how
ever, ~ actual independence. Thus, IN
The case OF the American civil war. the
recognition Of the belLgerency Of the
Southern Confederacy was conceded in
the first instance by Great Britain, and
subsequently by most of the other for
eign powers
Thanks TO this. the United States was
relieved Of all responsibility 10 foreign
nations for the acts Of the secessi0uist
States and was empowered, from the
point OF view OF international law, 10 de-
clare blockades. and TO adopt certain
measures with regard 10 neutral COM
merce. On the other hand. the Confed-
eracy was enabled thereby 10 raise loans.
and obtain ether assistance, subject 10
the neutrality laws.
Napoleon Encouraged.
Napoleon III was encouraged by this
% take the lead among the European
powers IN movement for the recogni-
ton Of the independence OF the Confed-
eracy. urged thereto by the very able
agents who were sent from Richmond 10
Paris for the purpose, notable among
them being James Marray Mason and
- . q
their efforts were frustrated and II Ma
poleon and his government were deferred
from their resolve 10 grant full rec0g-
milton 10 the Confederacy, II was mainly
owing 10 the shreWd diplomacy and tire