davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1910-07-15

was growing from the packed foot
prints of the old mule.
Farmer Campbell decided that
what the mule had done uncon-
sciously he could do consciously.
So he started out to pack the
ground in such a manner as to
conserve such moisture as was In
the soil.
This was the birth Of dry
farming" But when Campbell
started out to convert his neigh
bors to the new doctrine of dry
farming he was greeted by de-
risive jeers. Mo, sir; No Tame
mule farming" for them!
{ The result was that while
Campbell grew rich, all his neigh
bors, who had puttered alon &
meanwhile with eastern methods,
grew poorer.
But all of this has not changed.
Campbell and other opponents of
"dry-farming" have so many fol-
lowers today that they meet in
congress every year to propagate
the new doctrine.
The next congress and exposi-
ton of the dry farmers-the fifth
annual event of the kind-will be
held in Spokane, Oct. 3, 4, 8 and
6 of this year. These men who
combine scientific investigation
with the art of farming believe
that the secret of farming in
these arid places of the west lies
in the conservation of rain.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1910-07-15
PAYS FATHERS
DEBTS AFTER
20 YEARS

NEW YORK, July 15.-Handi.
capped for more than 20 years
with a burden of debts left by his
father, Fred Trench of the con-
tracing firm of Terry & Trench,
today received cancellation from
creditors of the last penny due
them. After paying nearly $780,
900 with interest to clear his
fathers name, Trench's only COM
ment is: 81 sincerely trust that an
honest desire to pay a mans debts
is not so uncommon an occur
renee as to be worthy of a news
paper story"
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1910-07-15
Demand Adjustment OF
House of Lords

LONDON, July 15.-Although
they anticipate some outcry over
the alleged lack of respect for the
memory of the late King Edward,
the liberals are preparing to force
Premier Asquith into definate ac-
ton respecting the adjustment of
the house of lords.
The progressive liberals were
willing for a brief respite out of
respect to the late kings memory,
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1910-07-15

but they cannot see the necessity
of continued truce.
The progressives have the sup
port of the Irish and labor league.
The fight for reforms in the house
OF lords, therefore, will be resum-
ed at the autumn session of par
lament and by January, it is pre-
dicted, another general election
will be called, on the definite issue
of the lords determination.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1910-07-15
WILL JAPANGET
SCRAPPY NOW?

LONDON, July 15.-The poilti-
cal map OF Europe and Eastern
Asia had become so changed by
the signing of the Manchurian con-
ventIon by Russia and Japan. that
diplomats are more puzzled than
they have been for years.
British politicians are anxious
to know the attitude OF the United
States ON the new treaties. It is
feared that since her alliance with
Russia Is known. Japan will be-
como more aggressive toward the
United States. and England fears
10 face the universal storm that
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1910-07-15
MILLIONS Of ACRES
Of COAL LAND ARE
WITHDRAWN BY TAFT

valued at $449.S76,20s. The
lands withdrawn are as follows:
Arizona, 161,280 acres; Colorado,
6,191,161; Montana, 2O,2O8,S65;
New Mexico, 2,944,279; North Da-
kota, 17,82S,S72; Oregon, 1927
562; South Dakota, 2,S70,287;
Utah, 5,274,247; Washington, g.
207,967; Wyoming, 13,099,718.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1910-07-15

(By United Press Leased Wire
BEVERLY, July 15.-President
Taft yesterday withdrew several
million acres of coal lands from
entry, the order permitting the
Of the lands for agri-
culture, however. The order
makes the total coal lands with
drawn amount to 71,518,5SS acres
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1910-07-15

DIR. J. L. Hutchinson announces
the removal of his offices from
the Proyident bldg. to the new
Fidelity bldg, suite 1907. Prac-
tice is limited to diseases of the
eye, ear, nose and throat. +**
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1910-07-15
A Frightfui Wreck

n FflshtfuI WfHCk
of train. automobile or buggy may
cause cuts, bruises, abrasions,
sprains or wounds that demand
Bucklen's Arnica Salve-earth's
greatest healer. Quick relief and
prompt cure results. For burns.
boils, sores of all kinds, eczema,
chapped hands and lips, sore eyes
or corns. its supreme. Surest pile
cure. 25c at Ryner Malstroin,
Prescription Specialist. cas- Pacific
ave-. tcr nure drugs.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1910-07-15

So cancel your order for that
railroad ticket. that steamer
berth, that automobile, and that
aeroplant. To reduce the cost of
living take an up-to-date vacation.
Send your soul on trip to Europe
tonight. There VIII be no trans
portation bills, no hotel bills. and
You won't be held up by guides
and souvenir takers.
Then. when you come back at
a. m. tomorrow, write and tell
Tha Times all about your expert
ences on your astral journey.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1910-07-15

would follow II she should sup
port Japan against the United
States under Britain's treaty with
Japan.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1910-04-15

hundred votes of defeating Colonel Pearre
at the last Congressional election, are urg-
ing him as the Democratic candidate. Mr..
Lewis carried his own land Pearre's) coun-
ty two years ago by a substantial majority
and reduced Peane's previous majorities
in the district by more than four thousand
votes
Because of the tremendous opposition to
the high tariff in this district. and because
of Mr.. Lewis personal popularity. his friends
believe that he would win this time despite
the heavy normal Republican majority Of
the district, especially in case Peane is
again the Republican candidate.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1910-04-15

With Maryland in line, six States have
now declared in favor Of constitutional
amendment empowering the government
to levy an income tax The Maryland
legislature adopted resolution in favor of
the amendment before adjournine last
week. The other States that have passed
favorably on the question are. Alabama,
Illinois, Kentucky, Mississippi and South
Carolina.
The proposition to endorse the amend
ment has been voted down in Georgia
and Virginia. In New York it is in a state
of suspension. Gov. Hughes has fired a
broadside on the ground that an income
tax would invade the rights Of the States,
while Senator Root and other high authori-
ties take a contrary view.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1910-04-15
NOTICE OF ELECTION.

NOTICE is hereby given that an election
will be held under the provisions of an Act
passed by the General Assembly of Mary
land, in the year 1910. entitled IAN Act to
Incorporate the Village of Chevy Chase"
at the Library or Town Hall in Chevy
Chase. Maryland, between the hours of 6
O'Clock, p. M. and 8 O'Clock, P. M, on
MONDAY, the 25th day Of April. 1910,
at which the question For the incorpora-
ton Of the village Of Chevy Chase" or
AGAINST the incorporation Of the VILLAGE
Of Chevy Chase" will be submitted 10 the
vote OF the residents of said VILLAGE of
Chevy Chase possessing the qualifications
as prescribed for voters by the laws Of the
State Of Maryland and all male residents,
owners Of real estate Of said VILLAGE, and
who are taxpayers therein. not less than
twenty-one years Of age. and who have
been residents for not less than six months
next preceding the election herein provided
for.
WILLIAM H. WADE.
WILLIAM II. GRIFFITH.
THOMAS VINSON,
Supervisors Of Elections Of
Montgomery county.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1910-04-15

III tlg AdfGuIt AullFl fOr MONTGOMERY count
as Court Of Fopify NJ pr72 Eonity
THF OBJECT of this suns is &. procure
= decree gidnt'ns M plaintiff, mageie
Schisy nn aJ,ylute divorce from her huS-
.'anp' Ahsoh ochiey, anc ne care and
y y ne. lnIant 1h.iGre 'heri''f
" T anu Llsle EIizapetn ociiiey.
me pm aiieees IN substance as follows
/. Inat uhe pialhtln, Maggie ochiey,
now resides and mas continuously resided
IN .ne county OF Montgomery, and State
Vi ma.y,aho, Ior more than Two years I'M
nleoiateiy Pieceuine the bringing OF this
SUI sui anu una! uiG oeien9ahI, Aison ochiey,
u u not resiue IN tne otate OF Maryland.
ous uI T1 ie sn IN lns otate OF virginia,
aoS inat tne plalntln was married 70 the
wear f9o2 Wv u" VI ''OA ''"'' III '"o
3. That two Children were harm N tho
nlaintifF and defendant as a ,.o,'i, ~ .o;S
marriaae. namely Charles Walter and FIs;a
Elizabeth Schlev
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1910-04-15
MOrtgagee'S Sale.

BY VIRTUE Of the power contained in
the mortgage from Charles Edward Gar
rett and Rose Garrett, his wife, to Edward
DIN Garrett. Naomi Garrett Clayton P.
Garrett and Charles r. Garrett, dated De-
cember II, 1907. and duly recorded among
the Land Records of Montgomery county,
Maryland, in Liber No. 1877, folios III, &c,
the undersigned, Frank Higgins, attorney
named in the mortgage to sell. will offer at
public auction, TO the highest bidder for
cash. at the Court House door. in the town
OF Rockville. Montgomery county. Mary
land. on
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1910-04-15
ADJOURNED MEETING

TIE Commissioners for Montgomery
lnty viii moet q, their room in Rock
vile. on
Tuesday April 10Th, 1910 NJ 10 A. N.
By order
ROBERT G HILTON,
ap. 49, l3lr 70 County Comm'rs.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1910-04-15

surance Department.
Baltimore, Feb. 2, 1910.
hereby certify that the above is a true
abstract. taken from the annual statement of
the Sun Life Assurance Company for the
year ending December 3lst, 1909, now on
file in this department.
BENZ. F. GROUSE,
Insurance Commissioner.
MILTON W. BREWER, Agent. Dickerson, Md.
apr S-3t
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1910-04-15

tu matter gi lhe deed Of trust from William
Y. Sci leider ana Rachel + Schneinder,
his vile o. henry S. Williams and John
Ca-Nnt'
10 the Grctl lgattu &cnte cuasty.
az Court q. tgHfs No }779 Equity
ORDERED this l4th day of April, A. d.
1910, by the Circuit Court for Montsom-
cry county, as a Court of Equity. that the
sale made by Henry S. Williams, surviving
trustee. to John A. l. Cassidy, and reported
In the above entitled cause, be ratified and
confirmed, unless cause to the contrary
thereof be shown on or before the 7th day
OF May next: Provided a copy of this order
be inserted in some newspaper published
In said MONTGOMERY county, once in each
OF three successive weeks before the said
7th day of May, 1910.
The Report states the amount of the sale
TO be $780,
JOHN L. BRUNETT, Clerk
Circuit Court for Montgomery county.
True copy-Test: IN.
JOHN L. BRUNETT.
apr l5-td .e Clerk.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1910-04-15
STATEMENT
SCHOOL BOARD MEETING.

THE Board of County School Commits
sioners will meet in their Office, on
Tuesday, May End. 1910, at $50 A. M.
By order:
EARLE B. WOOD,
apr l5-td Secretary
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1910-04-15
RoAD SALE.
apr ls-td

will offer for sale to the lowest response
BILE bidder on Saturday, April IS. 1910. at
~ a. M ON the premises, the contract TO
widen and Grade portion Of the road
leading from brookeville to Mt Zion. Spe-
cihcations VIII be exhibited on day Of
sale. or can be seen by applying TO the I'M
designed. The right reserved TO reject
any and all bids.
j, J. HUTTON,
County Commissioner. First District.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1910-04-15

k'UK SALE,
- A well-bred, dark bay
driving mare. seven years old, perfectly
sound. well broken to ladys use. Can be
seen at Jacob Miller's livery stable, Gath
ersburg, Md.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1910-04-15
FOR SALE.
SPECIAL BARGAINS

haVlne quite large lot of buggies, har-
ness, blankets: robes, whips. and a good
many secondhand buggies that we will
SC sei, at bargain prices, We would be pleased
to have you call and look the stock over
We have buggies from $50 up: blankets
from 70 cents up; robes, from ST so I'm, aS
high as $lS, some of which are beauties
Quality considered. we can save Won money
~ P0SS & RICKETTS,.
uec <4-u Rockville. Md.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1910-04-15
ORDER OF PUBLICATION.
Maggie Schley, Plaintiff,
VS..
Alison Schley, Defendant

Ia the Circuit cOurt for Montgomery county
rs . Court Of Eolifv Ne 2772 Equity
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1910-04-15

FARMS WANTED.
We have several prospective purchasers
who are DESTROYS Of buying GOOD farms in
the Rockville district al an early date
Call or write at once to
SOULE REALTY CO.,
1928 New York Ave,
OCT 2S-6m Washington, d. C.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1910-04-15

VelO .HdUgTtISeJ
-----a--7-----~----,r~--,-S---~ --e-.-.
ETOR SAFE,
y iorse, Bueay EMO Harness
cnfsp
r. Z. HARDCASTLF
lp- ij-3tP paTnrst0vn, Nd
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1910-04-15
TUESDAY. the 3rd day of
Nav, A, D, 1910.
DWELLING HOUSE

stable and other necessary outbuildinss
and is located near the northern limits of
the town Of Rockville. on the Frederick
road, about one-fourth of mile from the
limits OF said town, The land is all cleared
and is in high state Of cultivation,
This property is most desirahly and eli.
albly located, the land lays well and drains
in every direction from the dwelling house
and is most desirable location for a com.
try residence or for a truck farm. There
Is long frontage on the Frederick road.
which has been recently macadamized for
mile out Of Rockville.
TERMS OF SALE Cash; 5000 will he
required when the property Is knocked
down. Conveyancing at the cost Of the
purchaser.
FRANK HIGGINS,
Attorney named In the Mortgage.
ARTHUR WILLIAMS, Auctioneer.
apr SITS
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1910-04-15
STOCK OF GOODS FOR SALE AND
STORE HOUSE FOR RENT.

The undersigned offers his stock of store
goods and fixtures at private sale and his
s!ore-house for rent, situated at Redland
MONTGOMERY county, Md This is an ex.
oeheht chance for anyone who wishes IN
secure stand at which to conduct a
profitable merchandise business.
H. B, PENN,
apr lin Redland, Md
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1910-04-15
WANTED.

One hundred
and tifty.thousand bushels of good milling
wheat. Send samples and get my bids be.
fore selling, or write me and will cali and
see IT,
THOMAS l. FULKS,
Phone wv, GaitheTsbura. Md.
july 23-4t
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1910-04-15

Summing ms very narrow escape from de-
feat at the last Congressional election. He
claims that he viii have no trouble in aet-
ting the support Of Allegany and Garrett
counties and is also said to be hopeful Of
the support Of Washington. but the latter
county and Frederick are believed TO be un-
alterably opposed to the Colonel's renomina.
ton. II this be true, and there seems TO
be no doubt Of II. Pearre cannot be re-
nominated unless he can get the delegates
from this county. He is said to be hopeful
Of doing this through the fundamentally
OF few friends down this way, who will
make an attempt to head an "uninstructed'
delegation to the Congressional convention
and then turn 1t over to his support. Il is
said that the present Congressman is aware
Of such widespread opposition to him in
this county that he will not even take the
risk Of allowing his candidacy to 60 before
the voters Of his party here. II is also said
that no set Of men suspected Of being in
cahoot" with him can have any reason.
able hope Of electing delegates to the
county convention which will choose the
delegates to the next Congressional con-
Vention.
II lie understood that Mr.. Andrew J. Cum
minss. Of this county. and Mr.. Dorsey Etchi-
son. Of Frederick. will be aspirants for the
Democratic nomination. and that Mont
aomery. Garrett and Washington counties
will each present candidates for the Re-
publican nomination who are in no way
allied with the Peane faction.
The friends Of Mr.. David J. Lewis, Of
Allesany county who came within three
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1910-08-12

Cured by the Marvel Of the Century,
B. B. B.---TGSted fer 50 Years..

Hawking, splitting, foul breath, dis
charges of yellow matter permanently
cured with pure Botanical ingredients.
To prove it we will send you a =
SAMPLE TREATMENT FREE
CATARRH is NOT ONLY DAN
GEROUS but it cause alterations,
death and decay of bones, kills ambi-
ton, often causes loss of az petite, and
reaches to general debility, idiOcy and
insanity. 1t needs attention at once.
Cure it by taking Botanic BLOOD
Balm (B. Il. ~ 1t is a quick, radi-
cal, permanent cure, because it rids the
system of the poison germs that cause
catarrh. At the same time ElOud
Balm (B. B.. b. purifies the blood, does
away with every symptom Of catarrh.
B. B. B.. sends, a ting:ing flood of warm,
rich, pure blood dlrec, 10 the paralyzeO
nerves and parts affected by catarrhal
poison, giving warmth and strength
just wnere 1t is needed, and in this way
making a perfect, lasting cure of ca
tarrh in all its forms.
At all DRUGGISTS or by express,
81 PER LARGE BOTTLE, with direc-
tons for home cure. SAMPLES SENT
FREE by writing BLOOD BALM CO.,
Atlanta, Ga. Describe your trouble and
free medical advice given.
Sold by End. Class Drug Store.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1910-08-12
From Sickness to "Exce,Ient HsdthA

So says Mrs. Chas. Lyon, Peoria, Ill:
81 found in your Foley's kidney Pills a
prompt and speedy cure for backache
and kidney trouble which bothered me
for many months. / am now enjoying
excellent health which | owe to Foley's
Kidney Pills" Sold by all druggists.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1910-08-12
For Sale

800 acres of good delta land, 2 1-2
\ miles from railroad and Is miles from
Memphis. 100 acres deadened, 40 acres
in cultivation, 3 houses on cleared land.
For furthes information apply to C. A..
Davis, Vincent, Ark. 20 10 st.
For Rent
For Rent-Residence back of Episcopal
church On Line Street.
Mrs. M. A. Chamberlain.
5-20-10-tf. Phone IS.
: For Rent. "A house with five rooms,
opposite Grenada public school building;
good garden: Apply to j. D. Wroten,
Duck Hill; Miss. 6 "a lot
FIX SA residence resi- ta'es1 ON E RSls strset
~" VIZ and 8 other lots in same
block. Apply to
3-18-10. If. Mrs. M. A. Chamberlain.
For Sale-A nice residence with mod
ern conveniences and conveniently To-
Gated. Apply at Sentinel Office.
6 "a 10 If.
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1910-04-16
Pleasure in the Kitchen.

Some of the greatest men and wom-
en- have found the best pastime and
pleasure in pottering around and cook
ing, and a fine thing for the world
they did Real housekeeping is not
so hard work, if free from all sorts
of dirty carpetry and useless bric-a-
brac. whole lot of plump up, plush
up and swell up and flash upholstery
is a sure sign and unmistakable hall
mark of the bourgeois. For instance,
a music room has a grand piano and
a few easy chairs, and that is all. And
n kitchen has just the right tools in
It, and nothing more; anything added
is true menace and danger. A pref
ty lady who is on the job can turn on
hot water faucet and mop and rinse
and dry thirty or forty dinner dishes
and laugh and chat, all in ten minutes.
It takes a sloven, fat paretic cook an
hour or more of sweaty, sour, green
and yellow funk to do it, and such
typhoid carriers should be made to
wear rubber gloves the minute they
step into the kitchen.-New York
Press.
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1910-04-16
$3.50 RECIPE CURES WEAK
KIDNEYS, FREE
RELIEVES URINARY AND KIDNEY
TROUBL LES, BAG X AC HE,
STREAMING, SWELLING, ETC.
Stops Palm In the Bladder, Kidneys
and Back.

Wouldn't 1t be nice within a week or
SO to begin to say goodbye forever to
the scalding, dribbling, straining, or too
frequent passage OF urine; the fore
head and the back of-the-head aches;
the stitches and pains in the back; the
growing muscle weakness; spots be-
fore the eyes; yellow skin; sluggish
bowels; swollen eyelids or ankles; leg
cramps; unnatural short breath; sleep
lessness and the dependency?
l have recipe for these troubles
that you can depend on. and II you
want to make a quick recovery, you
ought to write and get copy of it.
Many doctor would charge you $3.50
just for writing this prescription, but
l have it and will be glad to send it
to you entirely free. Just drop me a
line like this: Dr. A. E. Robinson,
K-256 Luck Building, Detroit, Mich.
and l will send it by return mail in a
plain envelope. AS you will see when
you get it, this recipe contains only
pure, harmless remedies, but it has
great healing and pain-conquering
power.
1t will quickly show you its power
once you use it, so think you had bet
ter see what ii is without delay. | will
send you copy free-you can use 1t
and cure yourself at home.
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1910-04-16

The fig tree has been widely though
not extensively grown for many years
In California and the southern states.
It's greatest development is in the
gulf coast region, where it was prob
ably introduced in early times by the
French and Spanish. There and along
he South Atlantic coast it grows in
he open without winter protection,
bearing at an early age, and abundant
y on soils adapted to It's culture In
unusually severe winters the trees
nay be frozen to the ground; but If
he root system has been we'll estab-
ished, sprouts will spring up, grow
rapidly, and bear in the following
year. Under these conditions the tree
appears as large bush. Away from
he coastal sections an annual crop is
BEST assured by growing hardy vari-
cites and giving some form of winter
protection. The use of the bush or
stool form from the start is advisable
where there is frequent danger of win
ter-killing.
On either coast. or In the vicinity Of
salt water, 1t will need no winter pro-
lection. But in the colder portions of
the state the method found successful
In Maryland will do equally we'll. This
Is to branch the trees from the ground,
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1910-04-16

and in the fall, after the frost has
cut the leaves, bend down the
branches to the ground and pin them
fast, and then pile the earth over them,
mounding it OVER the center and s,o-
ping TO the outside so as to throw off
the water, or gather the limbs like a
cross on the ground and covertS1ch
bunch separately with higher nl& nd
in the center like a four-pointed star.
They will keep perfectly in cold eli
mates in this way.
Farther SOUTH where the tree is
grown as a standard and the weather
is only severe during occasional win
ters, some form of protection Is ad-
visable for the first three years. After
this period the trunk of the fig is less
easily injured by cold.
That the fig has not long since been
developed as a commercial fruit, may
be attributed chiefly to the inabi)X.
thus far, to produce a marketLnAe
dried fig, the fig of commerce in(the
humid southern climate. Moreover, the
fresh fruit, which is highly es-
teemed both by those who grow it and
those who have acquired taste for IT
is practically unknown in large COM
mercial centers, being an extremely
| poor shipper.