davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
WHAT 5. 0. 5. MEANS
letters Form the Ambulance Call
of the Seas.
Takes the Place of c. @. .. Made Fa.
nous BY Jack Bnns-Sone Wire
less Telegraphy Facts
and Figures.

New York-It is estimated that
there are about $50 vessels of the
merchant marine equipped with wire
less, besides a host of small craft.
There are about $50 land stations, not
including government stations on our
coast. Some long distance talking has
been done by wireless.
Commercial business is done be-
tween the Glaze Bay station and Cliff
den. Ireland( 1889 miles apart. IN
November the Pacific Mail steamship
Korea reported to San Francisco
when 1922 miles from Honolulu and
4,720 miles from San Francisco. This
beat by Ais miles the long distance
record from ship to shore established
on the previous evening by the Korea
when 1906 miles out.
On November % the Cunard liner
Caronia got into touch with the Hol
landia, Holland, station when 1,44f
miles away. A vessel in the Pacific
picked up the Mare Island navy yard
1850 miles away. On October IL
1908, the United States station in SaI
Francisco established working com
munication with the Kuhulxu station
on Oahu, one of the Hawaiian group
In January of last year the Los
Angeles station got the same station
In October the steamship Lurine
talked to both Honolulu and San Fran
cisco when 1,400 miles from the latter
port.
Less than a month ago w. G. Magin
mis-, the wireless operator, stepped tx
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
COMPASS CHERRY FOR NORTH
Originated with Minnesota Man Over
Ten Years Ago BY Successful
Plum Cross.

The Compass cherry originated with
a Mr.. Knutson of Springfield, Mimi.
something over ten years ago by
crossing the pollen of the Prunus
Americana on the native Sand cherry,
P. besseyi. 1t is really small plum,
and the term cherry is something of
a misnomer. Since this variety was
introduced a number Of other seed
lings have been raised from it, which
closely resemble the parent. 1t ripens
here between the cherries and early
plums, and is about as large as the
small native plum.
The tree is dwarf in habit and of
upright form, with foliage between
that OF the sand cherry and the plum,
says writer in Orange Judd Farmer.
It flowers abundantly every year, and
the fruit sets we'll. The tree is eX'
tremely hardy, never killing back even
in severest winters in Minnesota. It's
chief weakness is liability to attack
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
TINY BABY'S PITIFUL CASE

Our baby when two months old
was suffering with terrible eczema
from head to foot, all over her body.
The baby looked just like a skinned
rabbit. We were unable to put clothes
on her. At first it seemed to be few
mattered pimples They would break
the skin and peel off leaving the un-
derneath skin red as though it were
scalds. Then a few more pimples
would appear and spread all over the
body, leaving the baby all raw without
skin from head to foot. On top OF her
head there appeared a heavy scab a
quarter of an inch thick. 1t was aw-
full to see so small baby look as she
did. Imagine! The doctor was afraid
to put his hands to the child We
tried several doctors remedies but all
failed.
Then we decided to try Cuticura.
BY using the Cuticura Ointment we
softened the scab and it came off I'm
der this, where the real matter was,
by washing with the Cuticura Soap
and applying the Cuticura Ointment,
a new skin soon appeared. We also
gave baby four drops of the Cuticura
Resolvent three times daily After
three days you could see the baby
gaining a little skin which would peel
off and heal underneath. Now the
baby is four months old. She is fine
picture of a fat little baby and all is
well. We only used one cake of Cuti-
cura Soap, two boxes of Cuticura Oint'
ment and one bottle of Cuticura Re-
solvent. If people would know what
Cuticura is there would be few suffer.
ing with eczema. Mrs. Joseph Koss'
mann, st. Johns Place, Ridgewood
Heights, n. Y, Apr. 80 and May 4, 'O9.'
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17

his key on the sinking steamship Ken
S." the international wireless distress
call Before the water reached the
dynamos his cry for help was heard
The Mallory liner Alamo, guided By
information furnished by the operator
located the Kentucky and rescued hel
company just before the steamship
went down. This happel ID near Dia
mond Shoals, and before morning
came the story Of the rescue was tOlG
ashore, and IS. o. S. the new am
bulance call of the sea, was made
famous. The story of that rescue has
been duplicated a number of times
since the wireless became feature oil
the equipment Of nearly every passen-
ger-carrying vessel which puts to sea.
A decade spans the development of
it has not reached a perfected state,
it has not only become a commercial
factor, but it has robbed the sea of
half it's terror. Accidents which in
the not so long ago were of the gray
est sort and meant not only sleepless
nights to the officers and passengers
but days of heart-breaking toll to the
men, have become but exciting Incl
dents of an ocean voyage.
The sinking of the White Star liner
Republic made the distress signal
&c. O. D." a by-word around the
world. &C O." is the call meaning
to stand by or to give attention In
continental news services where sew
eral operators are on loop the call
&C. O." signifies that message is
coming through for all operators ia
take.
1t saves time. The Marconi Com
pany uses it as general call for at
tention. They added the letter ID" to
the combination This stands for dan
ger and is the signal of danger de.
handing that every operator stop all
business and prepare to receive the
message to follow.
The IS. O. S." is the wireless dis,
tress signal provided for in the service
regulations of the International Wire
less Telegraph convention adopted al
Berlin in 1906 The combination of
letters have no especial significance
excepe that they are easy to sound
and click out strong and easily read
The story of the saving of the sink
ing Kentucky on February 4 is a
straightaway tale of an operator who
sat at his key~until the water reached
the dynamos and shut off the power
IS. O. S." was the call be sent through
the air, while below him the men were
working with might and main to keen
the fast-filling vessel afioat until HELM
came.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
Moisture for Fruit Trees.

All small fruit requires much mois.
ture when the fruit is ripening If
surface cultivation for conserving soil
moisture or irrigation cannot be prac.
ticed, mulching with straw or other
litter will hold the moisture in the
soil and help the fruit to ripen and
grow to large size Blackberries
ripening late in the season often sui
fer and the fruit dries in the vines
for lack of moisture. Keeping the
weeds down in the blackberry patch
and mulching between rows and
among plants with an old straw
stack or spoiled hay will help won
1erfully.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17

form ovate, obtuse pyriform, some
times shouldered at stem, color green;
ish yellow, with deep red cheek and
numerous gray dots, stem stout, three!
quarters to one inch in length, calyx
open. Flesh; white, texture tender
fine grained flavor sweet, aromatic
and very pleasant. Quality is very
good.
The Wilder is first class for home
market says America Cultivator. 1t
ripens in August. The fruit is two
and one-half to three inches in di-
ameter, color, greenish yellow, with
deep red cheek and numerous gray
dots. The flesh is white, tender and
fine grained, and the flavor spicy and
sweet The tree is hardy and general
ly described as a good grower, but, in
the writer's experience, it is not such
a vigorous grower as some of the
other kinds and does not come into
bearing especially soon. 1t does well
grated on ounce stock. The Wilder
yields fair to large crops under aver,
| age conditions 1t is not a very good
shipper, but is most suitable for the
early, nearby trade.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
Rhode Island Greeni1o.

The Rhode Island Greening a very
old variety and was early dissemina-
ted, as we find it given several names
in the first works upon American fruit
culture, thus showing that at that
time it was a popular kind; for it is a
rule that the more widely disseminated
and popular variety the greater the
number of synonyms attached to it.
Downing, in his Fruits and Fruit
Trees of America" gives five syn
onyms for this variety.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
ChariaianrY.

Ten years cursory study of history
or less will convince all that the
charlatan always fails. The charla,
tan in American business and com.
merce to-day gains brief advantage;
and the weak-minded are LED to imi
tation. But the facts decry such eff
forts Steady, consistent effort alone
accomplishes much. Both preclude
frills. When Mr.. Dickens visited
America, he found the charlatan king
The proper focus, of course, will come
with experience. Charlatanry has beer
tried and found wanting in American
journalism-and in almost every other
phase of American life
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
Cause of the Increase.

Going downtown the other morning
in the street car Judge Reid looked up
from his newspaper. 4 see that the
publisher of Anybody's makes the
claim that his magazine has a larger
circulation than yours he remarked
to the proprietor of the Earth Monthly.
We'll, it's my fault if it has," snap
ped the other; like fool, I've been
letting him run one of his ads in the
Earth. Chicago News.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
Danger in Splitting on Sidewalks.

EaTytT oP1ttHTy OFT oTuc7Va17>o'
In order to show that splitting on the
sidewalks is dangerous to health, an in
vestigation has been made by DR.. John
Robertson, medical health officer of
birmingham, England, which shows
that seven per cent. of the "spits" col
lected in public places contained con-
sumption germs. On the other hand
the dust collected from the floors of
the cottages of the Adirondack Cottage
sanitarium has been found to be free
of tuberculosis germs, showing that a
careful consumptive is not dangerous.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
Profit in Trees.

Farmers all over the country are
taking great interest in tree planting
both for ornamentation and utilit,
Every farm should have an acre g..
more of grove or wood lot. 1t afLi
beauty to the general farm landscape
and it is a refreshing retreat to man
and farm animals in summer and will
also grow into money fast as the
years go by.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
A Merciless Paras site.

The Ficus MacrOphylla, commonly
called the Moreton bay fig, is a merci
less Australian parasitical growth
says a writer in the Wide World Mag
azine. 1t takes root in the forks O.
it's host-tree (Which in this case is {
Queensland bloodwood) and ultimate
ly smothers the latter and usurps its
place as an independent tree. Many
valuable trees in the scrubs o:
Queensland are destroyed in this man
ner.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
The Falls.

Anyone who was familiar with the
appearance of the Niagara falls before
the present power installations were
built and opened can settle the ques-
ton as to whether the appearance of
the falls has been affected by going
to see tor himself. Small though the
total amount of water taken for power
purposes, in proportion to the total
amount passing over the falls, may be,
it has been sufficient to cause the
shallower portions of the overflow at
the edges of the brink to show up
plainly, thereby greatly reducing the
total length of the crest line.-Chicago
Daily News.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17

my name in your testimonials Mrs.
Il. W. MITCHELL, Box 8, Sabattus, Ne.
Another Woman Helped.
Graniteville, vt. II was passing
throughthe Change of Life andsuffered
from nervousness and other annoying
symptoms. Lydia E. Pinkham's Vege-
table Compound restoredmy health and
strength, and proved worth mountains
Of gold to me. For the sake of other
suffering women I am willing you
should publish my letter." - Mrs.
CHARLES BARCLAY, RID, Granite
vile, vt.
Women who are passing through
this critical period or who are suffer
ing from any of those distressing Ills
peculiar to their sex should not lose
sight of the fact that for thirty years
Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Com
pound, which is made from roots and
herbs, has been the standard remedy
for female ills. In almost every COM
munity you will find women who
have been restored to health by Lydia
E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
WILDER PEAR is VALUABLE
Early Market Variety. Bcing Beautiful.
in Appearance, of Fair Size and
Good Flavor.

A valuable early market pear, being
beautiful in appearance, of fair size
and very good flavor; probably the
best of it's season
Origin: chance Seeding on south
shore of Lake Erie. introduced by
Green's Nursery Company. Trees
quite vigorous, productive, and All
early bearer when grated on the
ounce Fruit; fair to large in size
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
STATE OF OHIO CITY OF TOLEDO. I =.

FRANK j. CHENEY makes oath that he is senior
partner of the firm of F. J. CHENEY & Co.. doing
business in the City OF Toledo County and State
aforesaid, and that said firm will pay the sum OF
ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS for each and every
case of CATARRH that cannot be cured by the use OF
HALLS CATARRH CURE.
FRANK J. CHENEY.
Sworn TO before me and subscribed in my presence.
this 9Th day OF December, A. D., 1886.
A w. GLEASON.
/ "1ih NOTARY PUBLIC.
Halls Catarrh Cure is taken internally and acts
directly upon the blood and mucous surfaces of the
system. Send for testimonials, free.
f. j. CHENEY & CO., Toledo, O.
Sold by all Druggists, 7Jc
Take Halls Family Pills for constipation.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
Waste of Time.

A good many farmers who neglected
to plant an orchard and shade trees
while they were young waste more
time now wishing they had them than
it would have taken to plant them in
the beginning.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17

of plum rot, which sometimes will
take all the fruit #, however, the
trees are we'll sprayed with bordeaux
the injury from this source may be
prevented. The fruit makes a good
preserve, and is much esteemed for
this purpose, but is too puckery to
make it desirable for eating out OF
hand.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17

If you look over any good garden tool
catalogue. The cut shows four useful
styles, one an onion weeder.
I have found a common hoe with
the handle cut off to about half length
the best tool with which to set out
cabbage, strawberry and such small
plants, says writer in an exchange.
Strike into the ground, pull the hoe
slightly towards you, raise it a little,
holding the earth on it while you place
in the root of the plant; then let the
earth drop back. Step forward SO as
to bring the ball of your foot over the
root of the plant, and you are in a
position to repeat the process. Step
ping on the root sets the earth firmly,
which is very important. 1t is not at all
necessary that plants be put in up
right; the plants will do quite as we'll
if on a slant, and indeed, the outer
leaves will often wilt down and cover
the eye, and protect it much better
than when placed in an upright posi-
ton.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
Set Out New Trees.

Set out at least fifty new trees on
your grounds this winter. The catalpa
and black locust make the best fence
posts. The cost is less than a cent
apiece in the nursery when bought in
quantities.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
Soils for Fruit Trees.

Peaches must be on high, we'll
drained soils; plums may be grown on
heavy clay, as may also pears; ap-
piles may be put on soils between
these, on loans, clay loans or even
a gravel or sandy loan
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17

SO there is to be a divorce" said
the woman who discusses everybody
1T seems but a little while since he
asked her for her hand
Yes" replied the rude man. He
got the hand all right. But it turned
out to be misdeal"
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17

That woman is never happy except
when bothering over the unknowable. f"
Yes She used to adore Browning;
now she dotes on Henry James,
Cleveland Plain Dealer.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17

About the size of your shoes, many people
wear smaller shoes by using Aliens Foot-Ease,
the Antiseptic Powder to shake into the shoes.
1t cures Tired, Swollen, Aching Feet and
gives rest and comfort. Just the thing for
breaking in shoes. Sold everywhere, 25c.
Sample sent FREE. Address, Allen S. Olmsted,
lie Roy, n. Y.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17

When q man is at home and the
telephone bell rings his wife makes a
dash for it to see if it is some woman
who wants to talk to him.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17

y y LII pO u Ii u d. Ii u
Liver Pills before
child birth, and we
are all surprised to
see how much good
it did. My physi,
clan said Without
doubt it was the
C mpound that
helped you ]
thank you for your
kindness in advising
me and give you full
permission to us e
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
hoes FOR GARDEN PURPOSES
Good Tools Spell Good Work-lIlustra-
ton Shows Four Implements
Handy in Garden.

Good tools spell good work. Hoes
can be had in all kinds of handy
shapes nowadays, as you will notice
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
Our Annie Cror

1t is estimated that the total apple
crop of the United States for 1909
will he about 100000 barrels less
than last year.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17

A woman waters her grief with her
tears and it springs into lovely flow
er; man salts his with bitterness and
il turns to q thorn.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
Pettit's Eye SaIve 100 Years Old,

relieves tired eyes, quickly cures eye, aches,
infamed, sore, watery or liberated eyes.
All druggists or Howard Bros Buffalo NY
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
DIR. Pierce's FavOrite Prescription

by
ssFavorie Prescription composed of the
native medicinal known 20 medical ence
of wonan's peculiar ailments,
and n or habit ormined drugs
Do much Favore " it will
miracles; WILL 1t will
establish
by for a reasonable length of time
You can't a
remedy of composition
Sick invited consult Dr. Pierce by letter free All
fccted professional privacy Address Worlds Dpnsay Medical Assoc
citation, DIR. r. V. Pierce President, Buffalo, N. Y.
Dr.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17

Reform is a good thing when applied
to the other fellow.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
Her
PHYSICIAN
APPROVES
Taking Lydia E. Pinkham's
Vegetable Compound

Sabattus, Maine.-"You told me to
take Lydia E. Pinkham'S Vegetable
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
The Whip Hand.

''She evidently copies your pat
terms
Quite So"
Il don't believe l would care to have
such a fashionable cook as that"
1T has it's advantages" declared
Mrs. HOusekeep.
In what way?"
Every time she starts to leave ]
simply refuse to button her gown
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17

HEAD, BACK AND LEGS ACHE?
Ache all over? Throat with chills? That is La
Grippe Perry DAYS Pa5akiLler will break 1t up if
taken promptly. All Dealers Csc. 35c and SOC bottles
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17

Every man has theories about rails
ing a family--before he marries.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
Literary Consistency.

In Use For Over so Years.
The Kind You Have Always Bought.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17

That is LAXATIVE BROMO QCININE. Look for
the signature of E. W. GROVE. Used the World
over TO Cure a Cold in One Day. 25c.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
snopoytant 10 Mothers.

Examine carefully every bottle Of
CASTORIA, a safe and sure remedy for
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17

There is no wrong a man can do
but is a thwarting of the living right.
Macdonald.
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
Words of Praise

For the several ingredients of which DR.. Perces med
cines composed given by leaders in all the several
schools of medicine should have far weight than
Of professional testimonials. Booklet made
up of these free. Address below DIR. Pierces
Favorte Prescription has HONESTY every
bottlewrapper in full list of all its ingredients printed
in plain English and sworn to correct.
If you invalid and suffer from frequent
headache backache gnawng distress in stomach, period
ica palms, disagreeable draggnsdown Distress perhaps
dark spots specks dancing before the faint spells
and kindred symptoms caused by female weakness,
other arrangement of the feminine organs, you
do better than take
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17

nATcNT YOUR IDEAS. They may bring you
IA ZEN wealth. &-page Book Free. Est 1880.
Fitzgerald Co.. Pat.Atty BOX r. Washington DC
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17

. sasis ssss r ase Thompsoa's Eye Wates
Ladysmith news-budget. [volume] (Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wis.) 1907-1927, 1910-03-17
Technically Discussed.

Sold by all Druggists, 75c.
Take Hairs Family Pills for constipation.
The Marion daily mirror. (Marion, Ohio) 1892-1912, 1910-07-05
Bad Effects of the Marathon" Craze.

II Is pointed out by the London
Lancet that In France and Italy
n herto not much given TO outdoor
athletics. the "Marathon' craze has re-
suited In an Injurious amount OF zeal
for cpen-air athletic records.
= Hitherto neither country has shown
much liking or aptitude for the games
80 high In favor with ourselves-the
fencing saloon or the pistol gallery abb
sorbins the time devoted In England
10 crieke, or football. Now. ho owever.
both italy and France arc taking kindly
TO these o. fHsaco pastiines. football es
paeially. and tic pross. Ilaiion as well
as French. Is weti. ~ week recording
the matches o, riya, teams with a full
nes aud II zest thar hnnly a growing
ints-est In the care Bidding fair 10
equal tina; eN;sr'~'-sd W the country
OF Its origin.
The lasi notable Encounter OF N
French with an Italian 'squadra'
tnsaio, toot place the other day at
Mtiun when the natter came ON the
yic.Sr. a-i,d a scene OF the widest en-
thnSiessn, bf SIX goals to two So far
b9f!t eturtrfs are 70 be congra tul ated
On rns.r adol,tion OF game which, In
'as fro-e1sor Mosso.-of Turin, who is
sald % have introduced II 10 his com
pa;rie't, IL fraught with benefit to the
yoNth sL.ady SO prohsieni in Its prac-
:eiis pe.time by 40 means 70 Isiaiary n
- 80 Nfnus yOtarfef --rWe mean the
ttlllFsl q 1, ,Sotpllestg T9u2d ft@g. lp whlen
can tenihins sp8ed 'adtR 9nd,,iGrabS c%ypaPp
tsh .Esnatest number OF miles. =.
30 ancold giro ii Italia" has lust
csnn ON and tho sthts 10 which tho