The Detroit times., 1910-11-24
A AMERICAN INVENTIONS
VII.-IN VARIOUS FIELDS
BY FREDERIC J HASKIN

mile cable on land and I'm shal
water, and proved IL would w
Then he organized a company, and
1857 the first cable was manufactul
The American and English COVE
ments loaned their two finest bal
ships for laying the cable, but a
den strain on the paying-out mach
caused the cable TO break. A y
later IL was tried again. and this
II was successful. However, only
messages were sent over II. The
went out OF commission forever;
however, until the British governm
had saved quarter of a million
lars by countermanding the order
the removal OF troops in Canada.
1865 the Great Eastern was cont
stoned to lay another cable. Agai
parted before the job was done.
nine days they grappled with II. III
times almost succeeding In getting
end up: but they were doomed to |
ure. A buoy was anchored where d
left II and the Great Eastern returI
to port. Another company was orr
lied and the next year final suct
crowned the effort.
The submarine cable is made u
five layers. The inner one Is a
OF copper wire, made to conduct
electric current. This Is insula
with a layer of gutta percha qua
OF an inch thick, and the electric
pulse finds II easier to- travel thro|
thousands OF miles of wire Il
through a quarter OF an inch OF g@
percha. Outside OF the gutta per
Is a layer OF twisted jute. and
fourth layer is made OF the steel W
which keep the cable from break
Outside OF this is heavy tarred
ering that protects IL from the
water. The cable Is made by a siI
machine process. Hazel Hill, in
ern Canada, may be called the n
center Of the world. Fifteen thous
miles OF ocean cable center there,
the news service OF the whole W
depends in measure upon the "
OF the great plants located there.
Time alone will be able to tell [
vast is the debt OF humanity to
men who mastered the principles
anesthetics. Humphrey Davy. In l
suggested that laughing gas" m
be used in slight surgical operati{
but II was not until Horace Wells
enterprising dentist of Hartford. Co
attended lecture on Laughing
that The idea OF using IL In dentiX
or surgery was concerned. Wells
suaded the lecturer, a Mr.. Cotton
administer the gas 10 him. and had
friend, DR. Riggs, pull tooth for
lt worked perfectly. Wells then "
to Boston TO demonstrate the use
the gas before a medical convent
His gas bag exploded and the exu
ment ended in failure. 0
Sulphuric ether was well known
fore It's anaesthetic properties
understood. and boys i'm laborato|
often would have what they teri
ether frolics." getting drunk by
haling II. In 1899 a young South c
' linian named White caught a Nc
boy and forcibIy made him a part
an ether frolic." He and his
ciates held saturated cloth over
Negro's nose until he was insensH
When they tried to arouse him 6
could not, and concluded he was dy
Medical aid was summoned. and
Negro was restored to consciousr
none the worse for his experie
, Later White became a pupil OF
Crawford Long, OF Georgia, and W
a man came to have a tumor remo
from his neck they persuaded hin
take ether He did so. and from I
day forward anaesthesia has been
in surgery the world over. IT Is
that others have claimed the Gre
but Longs work took place in
which is conceded TO be the first opI
tion ever performed with anaesthe
Tomorrow-Scientific Apparatus