davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1910-05-05

in its conciliatory provisions, though
its original and interesting element
is the temporary prohibition OF
strikes and lockouts in order that
cancellation may not be sacrificed by
default
Doctor Clark reports that obser-
walton and interviews with different
classes of people in all parts of Can
ada indicate that the act has with
some exceptions the support of the
general public and of employers and
of the parliamentary "laborists'' and
of the unions not directly affected by
its provisions. The officials Of the
railway unions are divided in their
opinions, but on the whole are more
Isfavorably inclined toward the law
than when it first went into opera
ton, and the rank and file of these
unions is probably even more friend
| ly. The leaders and the aggressive
membership of the western mining
unions are vigorous opponents of the
act, although there is considerable
quiet element that probably regards
| it with favor. The Nova Scotia min
ers officially indorse the law, but the
| result Of a referendum vote upon it
| would be difficult to predict.
The act seems to be gaining sup
port with longer experience, and has
very few opponents outside Of labor
ranks. The act has afforded machin-
cry for settling most of the disputes
| that have occurred In the industries
ITO which it applies; but in some cases
! it has postponed rather than pre-
| vented strikes, and in other cases
strikers have defied the law with i'm
punity. Most Of the amendments
! proposed look toward perfecting de-
tails rather than toward revising the
structure of the law. There is no
likelihood that the act will be re-
| pealed, or that it will be extended
to other industries or toward COM
! pulsory arbitration. The most serious
danger it faces Is the non-enforce-
ment of the strike and lockout pen
alties in cases where the law is vi
olated. :
| Under the conditions for which it
was devised, the Canadian law, in
spite of some setbacks, is useful leg
islation, ana it promises more for
the future than most measures-per-
| haps more than any other measure
for promoting industrial peace by
! government Intervention.
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1910-05-05
SENATORIAL
Editor Of Majority. wheeling,

Editor OF Majority, Wneenng, ".
Va:
Sir Permit me through the me
dunn of your valuable paper, to
bring to the notice of your readers,
some facts relative to the merits OF
our Senatorial candidates.
Allow me to cite an instance where
the laboring element were favored
by corporation in which one OF
the Senatorial aspirants, William p
Hubbard. is directly interested; that
is the Wheeling Street & Iron
Works.
Is it not still fresh in the minds
of the working class of this commun,
ity. The sympathy parade and dem.
, onstration for the benefit of strik'
ing street railway employees Of
Wheeling Traction Co. some years
ago, by the employees of the Wheel
ing Steel works at Benwood.
Now, Mr.. Editor, at the time Of
this demonstration, the writer wal
an -employe of the Wheeling Stee
works, and acted in connection witt
| others to bring about said demon
stration. Hubbard knows that the
company's men are in full accort
| with the demonstration, and permit
ted employees to cease work earliel
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1910-05-05
Matches Cost
Human Lives
White Phosphorus Deadly to Men
and Women Exposed to
Its Fumes.
OUR COUNTRY THE
ONLY MURDEROUS ONE
Not One Single State Has Laws Pro
tecting Employees in Match
Factories.

The results OF an investigation of
phosphorus poisoning in American
match factories are presented in Bull
letin No. sc of the Bureau of Labor
Of the Department OF Commerce and
Labor. This investigation was rec
emily made by DR.. John B. Andrews,
secretary Of the American Associa-
ton for Labor Legislation, in Coop
GRAFTON with the Bureau of Labor.
The manufacture of matches where
white phosphorus Is used. as in all
American factories, exposes all en-
ployees who come in contact with
the phosphorus or its fumes to the
dangers Of phosphorus necrosis. The
phosphorus most frequently attacks
the jaWbones and not infrequently
necessitates the removal of an en-
tire jaw by surgical operation. 1t is
the experience of all factories Snd
all countries that so long as white
phosphorus is used the danger can
not be entirely eliminated, although
it may be much diminished by thor
ough ventilation and by the rigid en-
forcement of preventive measures.
The investigation of Is American
match factories during the year 1903
proved conclusively that in spite of
modern methods and precautions,
phosphorus poisoning in the most
serious form occurs in this country.
Numerous definite cases of phos-
phorus poisoning were discovered by
special agents of the Bureau of La
Dor who visited the factories and
talked with the factory managers,
and it was learned that many other
cases had occurred. An intensive in
vesitgation by Doctor Andrews in the
homes Of the work people Of three
| of the factories yielded total OF 81
cases. The records OF more than 100
cases Of the disease were discovered
during this Investigation within a
very short time, though 1t has been
the claim of some Of the match man
ufacturers, and there is popular
impression that the trouble has not
existed in a serious form for twenty
years in this country. In two fac
tories at least eight perfectly authen-
tieated serious cases were found to
have occurred during the year 1909.
and references were found to three
more.
In one small factory records were
secured Of more than 20 serious cases
during the past 80 years. many of
them requiring the removal of an
entire Jaw. This factory has been
under its present ownership since
1892. In one Of the most modern
establishments, owned by the same
company since 1880. records Of 40
cases of phosphorus poisoning were
secured. OF this number rs resulted
In permanent deformity through the
loss Of one or both jaws, and several
cases resulted IN death. One death
occurred at this factory in June.
1908. In another factory the records
of 81 cases were secured, six Of which
were III the year 1909.
Detailed investigation Of / s match
factories showed that SIS per cent Of
the employees Nere Woring under
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1910-05-05

fumes of phosphorus and the dang
ers of phosphorus poisoning. The
employment of women and children
is such that they are much more ex-
posed to the dangers than are the
men. Ninety-five per cent of all the
women and 83 per cent of the child
rem under Is years Of age were ex-
posed to the dangers Of the poison.
The total number of employees in
the L factories investigated was, &C
cording to the statements made b
the manufacturers, 1851, of whom
2,024 were men, 1858 were womel
16 years of age and over, while child
ren under 16 numbered 314, of whom
121 were boys and 1913 were girls.
There is no doubt that in SOM
instances the employees have been il
ignorance of the serious dangers o
match-factory employment. In sever
al factories visited. not a single no
tice was posted warning the employ.
ees of the peculiar dangers to which
they were exposed.
In some instances the employers
also have carried on the manufacture
of matches entirely In ignorance OF
the dangers involved. The manager
of one factory even stated that they
had gone on for five years in no way
suspecting that there was anything
dangerous about the material they
were using. Their attention was first
called to the dangers of the industry
by an epidemic of phosphorus NEGRO
sis, which broke out almost stimuli
taneously among their employees.
A movement, which had been
growing for a. number of years, for
the prohibition Of the use of white
phosphorus eliminated in 1905 in
the International convention of Berne
called on the initiative of the Inter
national association for Labop<fegis-
lation: AS a result Of this conven-
ton the le4ding countries. of Europe
Joined in a treaty to prohibit the
manufacture, importation. and sale
Of matches made Of white phospI1o-
rus.
Great Britain for awhile held
aloof from the movement, endeav.
oring to control the danger by the
strictest kind Of legal regulation. Aft
er trial of a number of years the
effort was admitted to be a failure
and legislation was, therefore. en-
acted which became effective the first
Of the present year by WHICH Great
Britain Joined the alliance OF the
countries prohibiting the manufac-
ture, importation or sale of white
phosphorus matches.
A harmless substituted for white
phosphorus, that Is commercially
practicable, has been found n the
sesqui-suIphide Of phosphorus, and
is largely In use abroad in the man
ufacture Of the strike anywhere"
match. For the safety match red
phosphorus, which is not poisonous,
is generally used.
The United States Is practically the
only commercial country Of any i'm.
portance which has not taekn any
steps to prevent the Unrestricted use
Of this poisonous substance In the
manufacture Of matches.
While several RATES have enacted
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1910-05-05

laws prohibiting the employment Of
children under .16 years of age in Ger
tain operations in match factories, no
state has yet made any adequate pro-
vision for the protection of the health
Of workers over 16 years of age lin
the match industry, although for over
50 years the dangers of working with
white phosphorus have been known
End recognized in this country.
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1910-05-05
= Hand-Made Medicine Chest

\ Handmade Medicine Chest
This is made of plain linen bound
tn red braid. Cut a piece Of tie
zen IA by 10 inches and fasten it
that it forms four well-shaped
ps. Bind these with the braid
en- take about ten inches Of red
" garter elastic and stitch it to
! center of the linen in six differ
: places. In the. elastic put five
.-0-ounce bottles. Finish the two
ossaaps with buttons and button
lies.
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1910-05-05

the Free Speech column, and the
above is my opinion.
A. WQRKINGMAN.
Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1910-05-05

Is your local doing it's part by lie
core of merchant who does not i'd
rrtise in the Majority. l..
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-03-22
IN ERROR.

| was in Charlotte the other ia,
ai!d was talking with IL man who
oWi.> Il livery stable. He said: w hen
! first came to Charlotte and opened
a stable some ten years ago. | never
bought q bu>i,ei OF Western corn. l
could get all the cora L needed from
me farmers Of n county. But non
i cam buy an ear Of home raised
corn. Tie farmers. instead OF hayin.
1t to sell 10 the city. are coming to
town Already after corn: yes. and HAY
too. | have seen several arneT
hauling ont hay and corn" The liI-
erNssian is II good farmer himself.
and as he discussed the failures OF
his fellow farmers. his voice had an
indignant ring which was finally soft
cncd into q tone Of regret. '.NcS. they
are coming to town and buying six
and seven hundred dollars pairs or
mules that they ought to raise. aud
then buying Western corn and hay to
feed item on. Ii they don't quit il
I'll swear they are ruined" My dear
rsaue j. this the way you are farm
ing? l have had an experience similar
to that ii the stockinan quoted above.
T"enty-One years ago l located IN
Providence township. Mecklenburg
county. and opened an Office for the
practice Of medicine. 1 owned no
land at that time. ant! bought all my
feed for my horse. COW and hog. But
l had no trouble To gel it. Half the
farmers that / praCticed for COuid
have sold enough corn and rouahncS~
10 pay their medical
But now there is not a farmer ia
the community VITO raises corn 10
sell. And yet this il considered one
of the best farming. sections in the
county. and 80 il Is. But something is
vrong somewhere. 1 agree with the
IiverNnnan. We are ruined IL NE
don't change oar way OF farming.
III. q. ALEXANDER,
President Farmers Union.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-03-22
PROFIT IN SHEEP.

Cold weather never effects i sheep
Eut dampness is fatal in time.
There is no animal IN the farm
that is 50 universally neglected as the
sheep and none that manage TO thrive
so we'll under bad conditions.
It is estimated that ten sheep can
be kept where one COW can, and the
risk is much less. IT may be said that
the sheep always carries her pocket
book with her.
If she dies her pelt or fleece pays
her funeral expenses. If she lives her
wool in the spring and her lambs IN
the fall pay double revenue. No other
stock pays as large a per centagc OF
clear profit on the money invested.
In years past complaint has been
made that the industry could not be
made profitable because of the losses
from dogs and coyotes. but statistics
show that losses from this source last
year were less than a hall of l per
rent.
Nothing will build up a run down
farm as quickly as a flock of sheep
While ~pasturfng h sheepS manure
is distributed about sc evenly that no
manure spreader could equal the sheep
in it's work.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-03-22
TIMELY SUGGESTIONS
TO TOBACCO GROWERS

~ fertilizer or its equivalent This
Shouid assure IL THO, strong stand Of
grass which Will go through the win
lei Wen, tiariy in the spring CAST
Of March or first of April ~rass
TINS grass with from 100 to 900
POUNDS 10 n acre of nitrate OF soda.
from two to four tons of first class
nay TO the acre FOR two years should
oe the result For the second years
grass | would apply during the WIN
Ter all the manure [ could make and
theh. after the second year in grass.
l would turn under this sod and plant
in corn.
h heavy grass sod which had
Deen manured the previous year would
INSURE, under proper management, a
bumper crop of corn with the use of
no fertilizer except a few hundred
pounds OF acid phosphate per acre.
Crimson clover should be seeded
heavily IN the corn at the last work
ing. The high state Of fertility OF the
sol will help to insure a good catch
and a good growth Of the clover. In
the spring it could be arranged to
craze off most OF this clover With
growing pigs or other stock. the drop
pings remaining on the land. The last
Of May this sod should be turned UNI
der and the land prepared for COW
peas.
It is intended that tobacco shall
~ Ai1N Si'p TX WV ~ -. .AIiA tA1I1
the rotation over again. In handling
these coWpeaS,- it is to be kept con
StantiY in hin thar one Of the rea-
sons for growing them is 10 rid the
land OF worms, as their presence VIII
tend to render intellectual ali attempts
to secure an early perfect stand Of
tobacco. which is SO much to be de-
sired for success in tobacco growing.
In preparing the land FOR the peas.
therefore. the land ho,lld be put into
ideal condition and the peas Well fer
tilted with phosThCriC acid and per
haps a little potash in order to in
sur Il thick. heavy growth that will
gather Il large amount Of nitrogen
from the air and hat will preclude
all possibility Of any weed growth
appearing in the peas to attract the
moths, which deposit the Eggs Of tho
dreaded wirc worms and cut worms.
from the standpoint OF ail-round
economy, it will probably DC best TO
cut these pea vines for hay. They
make excellent COW feed and the
com bined feeding and manurial value
viii be greater than the manurial
value alone. and the quality Of the
succeeding crop OF tobacco may be
somewhat better il they are removed
than if turned under. The stubbie land
should be deeply and Thoroughly
pioWed in the late fall or winter, and
the disc harrow viii best finish the
work Of fitting for tobacco III the
spring.
The field should be linn ed at least
once during each curse Of the fota-
ton.
Results To be Expected From Such u
System.
Under such d system as this there
sould lee no reason why average crop
yields on our tobacco farms could not
be profitabiy elevate SO that Loo to
1900 rounds Of tobacco would be the
average yield instead Of 500 pounds:
the Weld Of wheat - to 30 bushels
instead Of IL bushels: corn 90 TO IS
bushels instead of 20 bushels, and a
very large amount of good hay ana
other forage produced sufficient to
Insure the gradual Introduction of
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-03-22
Danger From Gut and Wire worms
aiui Flow to Prevent Them.

.rr oulY drawback and discourage
,nenl of this plan is the greater Ian
,,.r T., Early set plants from deStruc-
nom ~. wire and al worms With
nrnn,r rllnting, however, and with
in- General cropping system, the
.irfd should coine into obacco prac-
.i.sfE, free from these worms. which,
-. tu. end. would be a yer large gay
rs. T., tobacco farmers. II has been
..LnI tA.4t the wire worm particular
Ii. Hhicn is the most destructive pest
T.. n-NIy set tobacco. is found in
..,.I- that have been allowed to grow
n. ta weeds in the so-called grass or
~ sting year. Now. what is needed IS
H.rlI" the tobacco lots in ar in
E. .sjyr method. keeping up the fer
.-.tv. {. Il high point by the use OF
r~t.Ii1sr- So hat the soil will be con
..,uo.-IN IL crop with no chance for
....a, and bushes to get ~ footho1d.
>rg--tioD- a. to Intensive Methods
and Rotation Of Crops.
principles which We have adj
nd for tobacco growers are in
.csf.r. ~ follows: Compared with
il .rou~ rs corn and wheat. tobacco
-:2h value crop and should and
tet< Tor the use of fertilizers on
~:t.arItiVely liberal scale The to-
ohtrefOrc. should be well fer
..-I With a complete fertilizer as
".l4. a. the tobacco itself viii
-- nr0fita BILE return, and there will
81 rsmain . considerable and i'm
-t-.4t residual effect from the left
.... PORTION Of the fertilizer to in
-,... the yield Of the succeeding
....E ot the rotation.
~~9l-redinE this tobacco Will come
"a. With no fertilizer at all, ex-
. . l~IGeDs Il or two hundred
'".d~ Ter acre of acid phosphate or
..t. meal.
..r,"edjug the wheat, the field
III assure q thick, strong stand of
&>- latrrow to a fine, mellow. but
.ts#, Seedbed and heavily seeded
tt-ust - mixed grasses, red top,
." O." and Sapling lover using
'#I 900 G" 100 pounds to the acre
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-03-22

danger hat it might he washed away
by the winter rains.
The United States Department Of
Agriculture has recently pubiiSed a Il
Yearbook separate a bulletin entitled
Intensive Methods Of Rotation OF
crops III Tobacco Culture" This bull
ietin may be obtained free BY apply
ing 20 the Secretary Of Agriculture,
Washington. y. G..
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-03-22

breeds colds, pains in the lungs,
then pneumonia. Gowan,sPrep-
aration gives quick relief by de-
stroying Inflammation and on
gestion. Acts like magic for
Group and coughs. External and
penetrating. Buy today and teel
secure. Alldruggists. $1.OO, SOC,
25c.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-03-22

pGti.4., .,.- bees On top u Il .oUA-anth
occurred - me; and though the idea
was laughed ct. ] built some frame
work and placed upon it my two hives
with two additional.
Though the bees We're just over the
door as shown in the picture, the only
time they gave us any trouble WAS
after I had robbed them They would
be numerous for a short time.
[ reached the hive by way of an ap-
pie tree close by. through the window
above in which h screen was hung
on a hinge.
From this roof [ took about 800
pounds Of honey from the four hives,
quite good returns from a roof :
feet square, ordinarily considered use
less for producing anything. )-Percy
G.. Sherman in 'Gleanings in Bee-tui-
ture.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-03-22
REH.S On TOP OF A WOOD SHE'D.

For sometime [ have owned & cou-
pie OF colonies Of bees, but nave don.
very little with them. We have 40
ground space for them and beside We
live in a double house with a neigh
boring house within 20 feet of Us.
Though such conditions are unfaVor-
able for bookkeeping The thought Of
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-03-22

! satisfactory and adequate live stock
huspiiidfE upon Z safe basis. this
saft basis being summed up largely
IN the question of feed.
OF course, this system. as stated,
applies moro directly to farms pro
dGclng dark tobacco. ON bright To-
pacco farms ora modification would
ne necessary because Il good type Of
bright q could not be grown
generally on fields containing such
large quantities OF highly heterogeneous
get Die matter as would fields con-
Quoted under this system.
planting the tobacco directly after the
corn. IN" corn repeated two to three
years IN succession. ii necessary,
would draw down any excessive nitro
genous fertility and put the soil in
shape asa!n for Z good crop OF
bright tohacco
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1910-03-22
u..,orr al Eirsinia'- Tobacco Eek
'' Ucriment Station.
~,.:uor4ancc OF Early Planting.
~, +. II. MiTHEsON.

,,.roriancc oil Early Planting.
ra..... arc q number Of reasons why
.. taharco is likely to prove much
.,- profitable than late tobacco,
',...+ t.-rl is perhaps no single factor
f~nlnortant for success and
.,i.h should more st~renuously be
.r....r, Tor than reasonably early
.rl,,t.oa. except the item Of securing
+r1, stand of plants, which IS q
L~..,H.lnnataI prerequisite for success
.',n AMY crop. Nine years out OF
WV ..rlv tobacco will outyield late
~,,fa..o. will produce q finer and
[,.,. elastic leaf. and will cure down
~ n.lter color; there will be less
Warm damage. and it will cost less to
r~r.a8r.r the crop.
rh. extremely hot II renders it
,,.r.. difficult for plants 10 live in
I.a. IMAM in May. 1t is an old say
..- and Il true one. that Il bud in
49,. +, worth a plant in June. After
[.r. first there is also less likelihood
IT having good planting seasons.
other things being equal, therefore,
rn. .,,,, OF setting the crop early is
".a1t tn be less than the cost OF set
.,-r l:T,t