davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-02-12
Raising the Hand.
lc London Chronicle

From the London Chronicle.
The raising of the hand which replaces
the kissing Of the Book in the oath
which witnesses in England will hence
forth take was in origin a pointing to-
ward heaven. The oath-taker extended
his hand toward the Being whom he in
voked--a pagan, for instance. touching
the foot Or knee of his gods statue. Fl
have lift up mine hand unto the Lord. -
says Abraham. Our Germanic ancestors
raised their spears toward high heaven.
\ quaint case is that of the Shrews-
bury parliament, of 139S. when the lords
took a solemn oath, by the cross OF
Canterbury, while the commons-no doubt
to mark the distinction between the two
orders-swore simply by lifting their
hands.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-02-12
Generously Supported.

During the year 1909 the agricultural
colleges of this country lad "a larger
number of students and received more
generous support from the public treas
uries of the states than ever before.
Many of the biennial appropriations To-
such institutions reached and several
passed the Observation-Disclosures mark. Mon
tana appropriated S4S7.I0. Pennsylvania
$4,000 and Kansas S671 600 for agricu-
tural education. Georgia appropriated
S1nD,cn Missouri. 100000; Iowa, $500
coo; Michigan, S212.0;D: California, 500,
coo: Arkansas, S16n,Ca0 and New York
voted similar amount for agricultural
cassrooms and laboratories.
established in Illinois. Massachusetts and
New York: faculties and courses of study
were reorSaniZed on broader lines in A "a
bama. Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana,
Massachusetts, Oregon, Rhode Island.
South Carolina and Wisconsin. New agri-
cultural colleges We're established in Ha-
wall ard Porto Rico. Provision for the
training of the teachers of public schools
i'll agriculture so that they may be able
to teach their scholars the simple science
of gardening and IL knowledge of plants,
was made in tWenty-Seven states. his
shows the growth of pubic sentiment and
the recognition by parents that il Is i'm
portan; To teach their children how to
cultivate the soil and produce the food
CncN reuuirc 10 sustain life.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-02-12
instruction Trains.

one OF the most effective agencies for
practical education consists Of the special
trains regularly sent out by fourteen Of
the principal railways of the country.
They arc made up of several cars. one
for the exhibition of samples Of plants
and seeds: another an auditorium in
which lectures may be delivered. and the
others for the accommodation OF the
staff of instructors, which is usually
made up Of professors from the state
universities and agricultural colleges.
Notice of the arrival of the train is sent
out in advance through the postmaster
and the station agents. and general invi-
tations are extended to the farmers of
the community to come in and attend the
meetings
The talks are usually informal and are
confined to practical subjects OF imme-
date local interest, and the farmers of
each place are invited to ask questions
concerning the subjects of immediate in
terest to them. The train will then go on
to the next station, and continue to move
daily from place to place until all i'm
portant points have been visited.
Out of all these efforts and agencies
the farming community OF the United
States ought to be thoroughly educated.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-02-12
MASONIC.

LODGES.
| Feb. IL
Dawson. NJ. Is. ...............F #. {.
! Stansbury, No. -. VI. NJ.
Arminius. No. Extraordinarily Business
| Feb. Is
! National, No. 12...F. c.
| Feb 10
| Washington Centennial. No. 1T. {.
/ Osiris. No. IS Observation-Disclosures \.
/ lin room ., New Masonic Temple
| Feb. IL
Naval. No. Observation-Disclosures. VI.
+, Hiram. M. 10. Memorial services
/ In Fayeffc, No. 10 Social cycrin.
/ Not hullctncd:
Mrron NJ. Parker. No. -: King David.
4 No. IS: VIM. n. Singleton. No. -:
! Columbia. No. ?.
+ ROYAL ARCH CHAPTERS.
/ Fob. II
Mount Vernon, No. 3......... Mark
/ Feb. L.
| La Fayette, No. 5-.......-........ Mark
| Feb. IS
! School OF instruction.
| Feb. 10
| Convention Of High Priests. degree.
| Not bullctincd:
! Washington-Naval, No. 6: Columbia,
| No. !: BrightwoaJ, No. ..
KNIGHTS TEMPLAR COMMANDMENTS.
Fob IS
Columbia M. 2............T Temple
! Not bulletincd:
Potomac, No. ..
CRYPTIC MASONRY
| Feb II
Adopiram Council, Ne ., r. and S. NJ
degrees.
, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED SCOTTISH
RITE
Feb. Il
Mithras Lodge Of Perfect ion . Election
MISCELLANEOUS
Feb. II
kallpols Grotto. No. l.. Yelled Proph-
cts. ...-.......... Ceremonial session
EASTERN STAR CHAPTERS
Feb. i4-Temple. No. u.
Feb. 15-Mizpah, No. :.
Feb. 16-Arcme. No. 10.
Feb. 11-Fsther. No. >.
Feb. 1S-Martha No. 4.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-02-12

and quartet numbers. Charles Shackel-
ford was in charge. 4 sketch by the
Misses Lusby a selection by the Column
bia Lodge quartet, Messrs. Cannon. Gal
by Mr.. and Mrs. Milburn and a solo
by Mrs. II. b. White were given. An
nouncement was made that the lodge will
send a team to Atlanta. Ga. in Septem
Der. to compete for prizes in the annual
competition for degree work.
Several of the subordinate lodges re-
port weekly additions and applications
for membership. and the outlook this
year for a large increase in the mem
hership is said to be very promising
Columbia Lodge has nearly reached the
2oo mark in membership
Excelsior Lodge. No. L.. il il. reported.
is progressing. with the prospect in the
near future of receiving additions. both
by application and by transfer from
other lodges. that will infuse new life
into the lodge and mako it rs strong
numerically as it now is Financially.
At the meeting held Tuesday evening
Fred y. Stuart Encamp1hent, No. :. APP
pointed a committee on ways and means.
having fully decided to attend the Sc sion
of the Sovereign Grand Lodge, at Vt
lanta. Ca, September next. and compel"
for one of the degree prizes Grand Rep
rcsentative John VI. Wood. VII" is 4
member. is said to he energetic in fu"-
theriuS the plans and in building up the
numerical strength of the encampment.
The grand master and grand patriarch
have announced the visitatinns for the
year 1910. The first visit paid by the
Grand Lodge officers to subordinate
lodge Will be on the evening of March
II. to Central Lodge. No. l. and to the
Rebekah lodges. Monday, March II. the
visit to Naomi Lodge. No. l. will be made.
The grand patriarch and his corps OF
officers will commence their visitations
Friday evening. March is, with Magenenu
Encampment No 4.
Other visitations are announced as fol-
lows:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-02-12
A Few Facts About
Abraham Lincoln

TIE knew the value of a merry jest
! and a hearty laugh.
lie was simple in manner, dress and
bearing. but was big of heart and brain.
He was too great a nature to care one
way or another about his ancestry. The
living generation was of vital Importance
to him.
He valued a man by his works, not by
his social position or his wealth.
He did not advocate war for his own
Qualification, but u liberate human be-
ings from the depths of degrading slav-
cry All men were his brothers and his
equals before his Creator.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-02-12
Other Orders.

Columbia Lodge, No. 12I. LOYAL Order
Of Moose has leased the lcdgeroOm on
the second floor of the Home Life In
su,ance Company building. 9Th and q
streets northwest where the bimonthl!
meetings will be held in future. The
room has been handsomely fitted up
with new furniture, each station being
on a raised platform, carpeted and hung
with draperies. The chairs are in hard
wood, hand carved and upholstered in
silk velvet.
The lodge will meet in the future on
the second and fourth Tuesdays of each
month On the third Tuesday the lodge
will hold Il social and smoker.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-02-12

University of Illinois NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. 4N
Purdue University. Indiana .............. 2o5
Iowa Agricultural College ......... SID
Kansas State Agricultural College. ......... 2l5
Kentucky stare University ............. IS
Louisiana State University ................ -
University of Maine Observation-Disclosures. ~
Maryland Agricultural College ............. le
Massachusetts Agricultural college. .hl
Michigan State Agricultural College u.
University Of Minnesota ........ tac
Mississippi Agricultural College .........-. 11
A1 ni9srs;; Ms :, N hsssn!tnra College IS
Montana COLLEGE Of Agriculture ...-...-... :.
University of Nebraska Observation-Disclosures. 4.
University of New ada NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS..
New Hampshire Agricultural College. ).
Rutgers College New Jersey .............. j.
New Mexico Agricultural College. .....-.... l.
Cornell University. Ithaca. y. S.....-..-..- 4ii
Greensboro IN. c. Agricultural College for -
North carolina College Of Agriculture 49,. II,
North Dakota Agricultural College. .---.... "
ohio State University NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS..
Oklahoma Agricultural College ........... iE
oregon Agricultural College ....-.-..-.-... ~
Pennsyiyania state College .......-.--.- -
Rhode Island state College. .......-......- y
Clemson *. g. Agricultural College. -..-. ~
south Dakota Agricultural College. !.
University of Tennessee. ............-...
Agricultural College of Texas. ID.
Agricultural College OF Utah ..........- ~
University Of Vermont Observation-Disclosures -
Virginia IoIvtechnc Institute. -
college of William ard Mary ............- !.
State College Of WaSningt or. -,
West Virginia University ...-........-.-... =
University "f Wisconsin ..........-....-.. -.
University of W!omin:: ..................
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-02-12
SKETCH
OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN

tened into The cracks OF the logs on one
side and supported by crotched STICK
driven into the floor on the other side.
covered with skins, leaves ard odd
clothes. \ table OF the same flnisA as
the stools. a few pewter dishes, a DuicA
oven and a Skillet completed the house
hold outfit. In this uninvitina frontier
structure the future President was des-
tined To pass the greater part OF his
tpoyhood. "
And here it was that he tasted tie fist
deep grief OF his life. the Joss OF his poor.
suffering. neglected hut ever-patient
mother. In after life Lincoln reycr spoke
of his mother except in tones 90 reNer-
cnce and sadness and declared that aay
good traits he might possess had been
inherited from her
one of the pleasures--if il can he said
that he had ans real pleasures III the
midst of the poverty which was always
theirs-naS IN going To mill With corn
to be ground into meal fur the family
bread He Was fond of telling Of tins
pleasure in later lifo-atter 10 had become
man OF affairs-and u description 81
those visits, made ~ Ah"'S friend. David
TurHham. who often accompanied Abe 10
MIL is quoted here:
We lad To go seven miles to mill. and
then II was hand mill that would only
grind from fifteen 70 twenty bushels O.
corn in a day. There Was little wheat il
tie country, hut il was ground the same
way. and was eaten unbolted. We made
our excursions Ia mill on horseback, a.
bag Of corn thrown over the horses back
behind the blanket on which the horse
mau sat. The journey through the woods,
alive with birds and animals, Was always
Il source Of great delight TO Abe ard
myself, and it was the event OF our boy
hood days at that time
Thomas Lincoln. Abe ) father. had little
use for book learning and did not
countcnance reading in his son. Wien
Abe began 10 show that Unsuitable desire
for knowledge which characterized ht'n
throughout life his father complained
that he was wasting time" meaning
that he should employ the time occupied
IN study TO various duties about the
farm. IT is certain that Abe could not
write-snd possibly could not read-when
his stepmother came tn take charge or
the Lincoln home. She II WAS who fos-
tered the boys desire to learn. and sire
mana ged to have him and mis- sister at
tend school, such II was. But II Is as
serted on good authority that all Ahra-
ham I.incolns school days added to-
gether would not make year in tho aS-
gregate. But his reading consisted or
everything in print that he could iaN
hands on. and in this way he picked up
Il fair education.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-02-12
ODD FELLOWS.


Covenant, No. Il: and Langdon. No. %.
degree work. Beacon. No. Is: Excel
sior. No. II, aud Union, No. IL,
regular work.
Feb. IL
Amity. No. %, degree work. Golden
Rule No. 81; Washington. No. 6. and
Phoenix. No. IS, regular business.
Feb. &c
Harmony No. o. degree work. Eastern,
No. .. and Friendship, No. IL, regu-
lar business.
Feb. Ii
Columbia, No. In. degree work. Salem,
No. 80, regular business.
Feb IS
Central, No. /, and Metropolis, No. 16,
degree work.
ENCAMPMENTS
Feb. 16
Mount Nebo, No. 6. degree worn
Feb. IS
Magenenu, No. !. degree work
REBEkAH DEGREE
Feb. II
Esther. No. ), degree work
Feb. 10
Martha Washington, No. ); regular bust
ness.
Feb. 80
Ruth. No. >. degree work.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-02-12
Easy at First.

From the Chicago News.
Love at first sight is easy remarked
the young widow.
Just So rejoined the old bachelor
Few people can stand the test of u
long drawn-out acquaintance.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-02-12
Farmers Institutes.

Appropriations for farmers institutes
have been made by forty-seven states and
territories during 1899. and the attendance
during the last year was .,43S rs. farm
ers, who were instructed by LOO lectur-
ers. of whom 426 are members of the fac
ulties of agricultural colleges. The work
of these institutes is becoming more and
more practical and the sessions are fol-
lowed up by correspondence between the
farmers who attend them and persons en-
gagged in agricultural education who are
able to give expert advice.
Special Institutes were held last year in
every state except Louisiana and Nevada
and in every territory except Alaska and
Porto Rico. In several of the states lee
turers arc employed to go about the coun-
try with stereopticons during the winter
months. delivering illustrated addresses
upon subjects of special local interest.
The people who are engaged in this work
have organized under t. e title The Asso-
citation of Farmers Institute Workers.
and, by cooperation, they are able to do
much more effective work. In one state
the officials purchased Il car and conduct
ed q travelling school.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-02-12
One of Many.

From the Chirago News.
Gyer-There goes man who has ac-
CURED a reputation as a promoter.
Myer--Perhaps | could get him to han
die my patent What does he PROMOTE
Gytr-His own interests, chiefly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-02-12
Where Agriculture Is Taught:

4 report of the United States bureau of
education for the year ending June 10,
1909, gives the statistics of state UNIVERSE
ties and other institutions of higher edu-
cation, including the following list of COL
leges. in which the science of agriculture
Is taught, with the number of students in
each:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-02-12

II have always been able to paddle my
own canoe.
Put can YOU take your automobile to
pieces? "-PttsburS Post.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-02-12
GRAND LODGE VISIT ATIoNS.
March 11-CentroI. No. l.
March I4Langdon No. &c. |. .. o. +.
Hall, 10Th 81 aud X l. ave

March 11-Centrol. No. /.
March -Langdon No. &c. /. .. o. f.
Hall, 2oth =. aud i. /. ave.
March a1-Nanmi. Rehekah No L.
March % Golden Rule No. 81.
April o-Fhocnix. No. IS Rennins H. C.
April ll-Esther, Kebekah. No. ).
April 1S-Covenant, No. IL. L. y. o. +.
! Hall, 1oa3 a1st 81. NV.
April IS salem. No. -. Masonic Hall,
Anacostia. d. {.
May 4-IIarmonr. No. 8.
May IL Eastern. No. :.
May l3Metropois Ne. lG southwest
corner esh and d SITS NV.
May ls-Ru'h. Eebekah, No. >. south
west corner 9th and D SITS. NV.
Oct. 6Colun,bia. No 10.
Oct. 1o-CniOn. No. II. National Cap
ital Bank building, 3l8 Pa
Sc.
oc1. ls-Amity. No. -. southwest cor
ner 9th and ID SITS NV.
| Oct. 24-E1ceisior. No. j..
| Oct. oS-Dorcas. Rebekah. NJ. 4. North
| east Temple. cor. 18th and II
| SITS. ne.
| Oct. 3l-Beacon. No. Is.
| Nov. 9-Friendship. No. -, l. o. .. F.
Hall. SD Goth st. NV
Nov. 1a-Martha Washington. Rebekah.
| No. 2. L. o. .. F. Hail. 1913
/ 3lst ST. NV.
| Nov. 23-Federal City. No. 20 North
| east Temple. cor. 18th and II
| SITS. he
4! Nov. 2J-W ashingtcn No a.
! GRAND ENCAMPMENT YISITATIoNS
! March 1s-Masenenu. No. L.
| Oct. 21-Magenenu. No. 4.
| March 22-Fred. u. Stuart No. q.
Oct. % Fred. l.. Stuart. No. =.
April 6-Mount Nebo. No. g.
Nov. Mount Nebo. No. 6.
April l3-Colunbis No. ].
Nov 3O-Columbia No. l.
Where not otherwise stated. the visi-
| tations take place in Odd Fellows Hall,
eth street northwest.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-02-12
Progress in the South.

This list does not include larS" num-
,ef. of agricultural and industrial SCHOOLS
in TIC southern states. where thousands
of colorcd Young men are being educated
in the practical. science of agriculture.
At Tuskeece Institute alone Booker
Washington has several hundred.
During the last few years the aericui-
tural schools have been established IN
every congressional district i'll Georgia
and Alabama and to a limited extent III
other southern states. In New YORK
city last summer 500 boys and girls
worked as amateur farmers. obtaining
valuable practical experience on schoo'
farm in De Witt Clinton Park. Wh1cn Is
supported ny the park commissioners.
Sixty-four land grant colleges, as they
are called. are giving instruction in aeTl-
culture These colleges are supported by
the proceeds OF tho sale of public land
under acts Of Congress. Some idea o.
their extent and usefulness may be gained
from the fact that they have farms ana
grounds valued at S1:oH.6S.. buildings.
s37. .O1 .51s; apparatus. S3.o32O 39: nachln-
cry. $cI2129 libraries, s3.5so.s.s i've
stock sa37 ,016; miscellaneous equipment.
81 J,S-, .trt
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-02-12
AGRICULTURE STUDY
Immense Strides Made in
Last Twelve Years.
STATES APPROPRIATIONS
High Schools Established for In
struction in Farming.
NUMBER OF STUDENTS. $3.50
Fourteen Railways Send Out Trains
With Teachers Aboard Who De-
liver Lectures Along Route.
NUMBER OF STUDENTS, $3.50
Hi WILLIAM T.. 81 ETiS


Written for Tire Star AMI the Chicago Record
Herald.
IN speech at Philadelphia Secretary
Wilson declared the orlS solution Of tbs
cost ofivin@ problem was the education
of more farmers. 81 that they can dou-
bt the products Of tic soil He said
there ought 10 be ten thousand farmers
boys in our agricultural schools. but I
believe there are many more than that
Secretary Wilson himself has a list of
80 institutions for higher and secondary
education III which the science of agri-
culture is taught, and las the names OF
4.17.' students in Il card index, 80 that
DR.. Knapp. who has charge of the edu-
cational work Of the Department of Ag-
riculture, may know where II look for
competent young men to teach gardening
and farming in the public schools.
The Department of Agriculture is of it
self tie grea test and most useful of ed'i-
catioral institutions in that particular
line of study and research. and Secretary
Wilson has done mare than any other
man to convince people that agriculture
is science, AMI that it is possible and
prufitab bic for farmer To work with his
h,-a we'll his hands
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-02-12
Large Number of Teachers.

The number of persons in the iachi-
ties Of the land-grant colleges in 1908 was
as follows: Preparatory classes, $50; col
leSiate and special classes, ISIS, total
counting none twice, 3,362. In the other
Departments the faculties aggregated
$3.50, making grand total of o,4l2 per
sons in the faculties OF the iand-Srant
insti: utions. -,,
The students in 1908 in the colleges for
white persons were as follows: BY classes
Preparatory, 6.6s4; collegiate, 2',1!
short course or special, 1888; post
sraduate, 7ss; otter departments, 2l,psl'
total, counting none twice, 6l,W9.
The students in colleges and Schools lol
eolored persons were as follows: by
ella sses-Ireparator tory, 4,761; collegiate. Sa;
short or special, 80; other departments
707: total, G,I'5.
The graduates from both white and
colored institutions in 1905 were 6,2sZ'
and since the organization IS, 40 Inc
average age of graduates In 1913 was
TWENTY-FIVE years and one month.
The National Educational Association
has manifested considerable interest In
the subject of agricultural education dur
ing the last two or three years, which
has finally eliminated In the orsantza-
ton of a department especially devoted
TO the work.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-02-12

Columbia Lodge. No. 10. gave an en-
tertainment at Odd Fellows Hall Thurs
day evening, consisting of solos, sketchc.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-02-12
Income Is Large.

The income OF these institutions in l@'s,
exclusive of the funds received from the
United States for agricultural experiment
stations Isl Osa O00l, was as follows: In
terest on land-gran funds OF 1867, si3',-
1:ie: interest on other land grant funds
Sl1o.77.; United States appropriation u'i-
der acts of 1880 and 1907. $1.oG0.Ve IN
tercst on endowment or regular appro-
q,riation $50 7S1: state APPROPRIATIONS
for current expenses. 500, 10: state APP
preparations for buildings ar other special
purposes. s:,S13.O67: income from cndoW-
ment other than federal or state grants,
Ssos. 41;; tuition fees, $1.o1o.1s.,; lnrlden-
tai fees ss6O74 miscellaneous, SITS
6s2: total, s,.:ss. 7a2.
ire vatue of tie additions TO the per
manent endowment and equipment OIL
these institutions made in 1NS Is estl-
mated as follows: Permanent endoW-
ments, 81, .I,S,sO4: buildings, So. loo, loo;
libraries. s225,3!@: apparatus. 1884, 50! )
machinery. s232 1872: live stock, S1S;J6;
miscellaneous S231."2l ;.
Tic total number Of volumes in the IL
braries was 21441Sn, and the total num-
Der of pamphlets Gr,2f1.
The total rumber of acres of land
granted to the states under the act OF
1856, was 10.570,s42, OF which loo, i:'5
are still unsold.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-02-12

camp lin which they lad dwelt for a
wear at the mercy of wind and weather.
was rather prctentious structure as
compared to the one just left. Il was
of hewn logs and high enough to admit
of loft, i'm which Abe slept, ana 10
which he climbed at night by means OF
ness driven into the wall. The rude fur
,,iture was in keeping with the surround
in.s. Three-leGaed stools answered Tor
chairs. The bedstead, made of poles las
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-02-12
Big Increase in Ten Years.

Twelve or fifteen years ago Very few
young men were studying agriculture.
ard that science was taught in very few
schools The University of Illinois or
the University of Wisconsin have today
in their agricultural departments more
students than W studying agricul-
tIlre in all the -. 80 the United
States combined. and i. i ono had
suggested tic appropriation of money by
legislatures tn pay for agricultural in
struction in the public schools he would
have been called a crank.
There always has been a certain pro-
portion of scientific farmers; there have
always been farmers institutes for the
discussion of problems and the exchange
of experiences, and there are agricultural
newspapers in this country more than
half a century old that have been read
constantly by candle light in the farm
houses of the country. Until a very
few years ago the ordinary farmer scott
ed at "book learning az humbug, ard
refused to allow any of the "new-fanglcd
notions Of the college professors to he
tried on his place. while the idea of send
ing Il boy to school to learn farming
would have been considered prerostcrous.
Yet no branch of education has had such
a rapid and healthy growth or is rcceiv-
ing as much encoLrag cement and support
in Congress and in the state legislatures
of the country.