davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01

rod either by key or set screw and
works into second gear of the same
kind fastened on a horizontal shaft.
This horizontal crank shaft Is made Of
1-inch iron rod bent at one end to
form handle. with a fly wheel fas-
tened on the opposite end. 1t works
through two boxes fastened to the
movable frame and :lides down the
main frame as the anger bores into the
stump. The upper end of the machine
is elevated about feet, and stands on
two cart wheels, on which it is easily
rolled from stump to stump or from
field to field by a single individual.
This elevation Of the frame helps to
brace it against the stump in boring
raises the crank shaft to height at
which it can be most easily turned
causes slight pressure to be con-
stantly exerted against the auger, and
makes it possible to bore the hole
dag nally into the stump. At the ex-
IRENE upper end of the frame Is
small windlass with ropes attached,
which is used for pulling the auger out
Of the stump
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01
POWDERED MILK CAUSES Higher PRICES
Now Use Of Milk Creates Demand Which Is Felt BY
Cheese Factories.
BY w. M. Kelley

dered milk in their cellar they can
keep it, regardless of the weather. de-
layed milk trains or city inspectors, for
a little Of the white powder mixed with
water does the business.
The process Of manufacture requires
about twelve hours, and every precau-
ton is taken to produce an absolutely
pure article and while it is. less than
three years since the manufacture Of
It has been started, the business is fast
developing and Is destined to become
an important factor in the price of all
dairy products.
An article of diet with so many nu-
tritive qualities as skim milk is too
valuable to be wasted or used as a feed
for animals. Powdered milk will prob
ably be used extensively by the army
and navy, and the war fleet ordered
large quantities for its trip around the
Horn to the Pacific.
II will keep in any climate, but when
made of full cream 1t requires cold
storage, as the butter fat will deteri-
crate If 1t is warm for any considerable
length Of time.
In cities and towns whore pure milk
from satisfactory source is available.
powdered milk will not take the place
Of the natural product, but with the
price Of milk In the largest cities go
ing up out of reach of the common
people, the time may come when Mr..
Dealer will wake up and find that he
is out Of business,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01
MODERN DAIRy- METHODS.

Don't like dairying because it is
dirty work? Well do not think 1t is
any more unpleasant than the aver
age work ON the farm. 1t is just as
easy to keep clean in the dairy and to
make dairy work clean as in any
thing else. Cleanliness soon becomes
a habit and after one has managed a
clean dairy for awhile he has no de-
sire to run any other kind. Over at
our place we used to run the dairy
work in rather a slipshod way, but
during the last few years we have
changed our entire system and we
like the new way better. It takes one
but a few moments to brush off the
cows, wash their udders. slip on a
clean duck suit and wash ones hands.
Milk directly into covered pals,
through a strainer and do not allow it
to come in contact with foul odors.
Nothing more need be done to make
the product Of the dairy clean and
wholesome.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01

The effect OF the powdered milk
business upon tho price of milk In
many of tho eastern dairy sections Is
becoming an important factor for
these factories are encroaching upon
the territory formerly held by the
cheese factories. until the leading dairy
authorities are Of the opinion that the
days Of tho cheese factories are num-
bered.
Until the present time the cheese
manufacturers have been able to buy
their milk at little less than the prices
paid by the butter manufacturers, but
since the value Of skim milk has been
established and 1t can be preserved IN
a form that is available at any time
for consumption. the price Of butter
and cheese no longer can control the
price Of milk.
BY secret process. the nanufac-
turers OF powdered milk arc able to
produce four kinds of products, one
from whole milk. one from half skim
med, one from SKINNED milk. and one
from whole cream. OF these four
kinds the one from skinned milk is
thus far the most important, and by
reason of having tho butter fats re-
moved, It may be kept for any rea-
sonabls length Of time in cans or pals
for future use.
The chief uses thus far discovered
is for confectioners and bakers. to
whom q pure article of milk 10 In
dispensible. for with barrel Of pow
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01

The problem Of clearing logged-off
land is an important one in various
parts of the country, and although
much Of the farming is done upon land
formerly occupied by forests, but little
information regarding methods and
costs of preparing this land for. the
ploW has been recorded.
Removing the stumps by hand has
proven a slow and costly method In
tho long-leaf pine belt, while It is out
Of the question for the large stumps
of fir and other trees up to five and
six feet in diameter predominating In
Washington and Oregon, and the prin-
ciple up-to-date methods are burning.
blasting and pulling, or some combine
ton of$these.
Burning is considered the best way
to remove pine stumps. which have a
large amount of turpentine, as this
realty assists In the process, and the
ong tap roots of these trees are great
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01

hindrance in pulling, In regard to
burning these stumps, Mr.. Ferris. OF
the Mississippi Station. says:
The common method is to
dig a hole about IL inches deep with
spade or pos, hole digger on one side
OF the stump. as close to 1t as possible,
and to use this as furnace for firing
he stump. In digging these holes 1t
is necessary that the DIRT be removed
from as much of the surface of the
stump as possible, so as to allow the
Are to come In direct contact with the
side Of the stump for at least inches.
An ordinary turpentine dipper on a
handle makes one Of the best
Implements for removing this dirt.
This is rather slow process, but
may be greatly fastened by boring a
hole through the stump from
the opposite side to the fire hole. For
boring. the Mississippi Station has used
the simple machine illustrated. It was
invented by J. ". Day and is thus
described:
A 2-inch ship auger is welded onto
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01
ALFALFA KNOWN TO THE ANCIENT

The word alfalfa Is from the Ara
bian and means 1.-THE best fodder"
Tho plant ranks among the oldest
known products Of cultivated fields. It
may. have formed the food of Ne
buchadnezzar and there is historic
evidence that 1t was carried from one
ancient country to another, but it 10
only within decade that it's remark
able adaptability to conditions in tho
west has become evident to ALL
When xerxes invaded Greece in 400
B. G. he carried this plant, or the
seed, with him and It was taken to
Rome In lac B. C. The Moors
carried alfalfa to Spain and from there
It was taken to South America by Cor
tez In 1919. It has been grown in
California since the days of the mis-
Zion fathers; but the areas devoted to
It formerly were small.
From the windows of any train
passing through the western part Of
the United States frequent spots Of
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01

The art of making good, sweet hams
properly balanced with fat and lean
md cured to turn. is fast slipping
away from us here in America.
The old-time Southern planter never
bred hogs for fat, and rarely cured ar
animal for their own use that weighed
over ITS pounds.
These men bred the long, lean ami
mails, which were fattened On meal
and clover, because not a great deal
of corn is raised In the South, and the
result was an ideal ham and bacon
hog.
In the great corn belt farmers are
disposed to breed and feed for fat, be-
cause they are not satisfied to send to
market a 175-pound hog at Christmas
time when they can just as we'll bring
him up to 800 pounds.
A 30O-pound hog does not make
good hams. They are coarse and con-
tain large amount Of fat, which the
packers trim off in order to bring the
size down to the popular demand.
People want hams from hogs that
weigh from 1875 to $50 pounds, and
they cannot be deceived by hams from
q 30O-pound hog with the fat trim
med off.
The consumption of hams in this
country is steadily falling off for this
reason, and further, because a ham
cured In the average packing house is
anything but ideal food.
The small or middle-sized Berkshire
makes q good ham, although there IL
q tendency to fat. The ideal ham hog
Is, In our opinion. the Tamworth. He
IS a lover of protein foods. although
he can be spoiled by stuff1ng him with
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01
COOPERATION AMONG
FARMERS.

The principal Of agricultural CO.
operation is not understood in this
country as it is in England and other
European countries. Over there.
nearly all marketing Is done through
organization. In the great dairy dis
tricts farmers have. not only orga-
prices for their products, but also to
improve the quality of their milk and
butter.
Associations are formed to embrace
districts of medium size and these are
Differed by men who are practical
dairymen, and whose experience and
direction insure a uniform and higt
grade product from all of its members,
Selling associations are multiplying
rapidly everywhere, and nearly every
thing now raised on the farm is dis
posed Of through these cooperative
companies. The results have been
highly satisfactory, not only in better
prices, but in social uplift of the
farming communities.
Cooperation Is making some head
way in this country but 80 far.
farmers have been misled by ignorant
and INSCRIPTIONS men who have de-
signed to use the organization for
their personal profit, or by politicians
who advanced their own selfish int
crest. 1t does not take the American
farmer long to see things in the right
light however, and 1t is only matter
of time when cooperative bodies will
be properly conducted and prove Of
inestimable value to the agricultural
communities everywhere.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01

rich, vivid green can be seen wherever
civilization IL practised, and even
those who are entirely unfamiliar
with agriculture soon learn to recog-
nize the color Of alfalfa. In spite OF
the fact that millions Of acres are de-
voted to tho cultivation of this plant
the price Of alfalfa on the open market
Is steadily rising.
Alfalfa is called the poor mans
friend and the rich farmers best In
vestment. It's friends call 1t the
greatest Of all mortgage lifters. the
best Of the get rich quick" schemes.
When the Mormons. who were tho
first white irriEators in tho United
States, began work In Utah Brigham
Young gave them as text: Pillow
deep and plant alfalfa The wisdom
Of this plan is known to every small
farmer throughout the west, as well
as to the millionaires who have de-
voted thousands of acres to this pur
pose. s
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01
BY r.. b. Buckhann.

ice for summer use. But now mil.
lions of dollars of capital are invested
in this industry. And certainly there
Is no one among us who can make
more and better use Of ice than the
farmer.
Brooks, lakes and ponds are SO
abundant that almost every farm has
access to some one Of tenn. If such
a water supply is not in fact included
within the borders Of ones holdings,
some neighbor more advantageously
situated in this respect is only too
willing to accord the privilege of gath
ering a winters crop. They are few
who cannot have all they want for the
asking.
If a better cannot be afforded. the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01

AT this season Of the year the agri-
store an abundant supply of ice, for
use during the summer months. 1t IL
astonishing that farmers do not make
more use Of this commodity than they
do, since it's possibilities are so great.
and it's cost practically nothing. By
means Of it the paying product Of the
farm can be more than doubled. The
merchant would be overjoyed at the
prospect of profit Of more than one
hundred per cent. Why not the farmer.
also? a
The preservation Of food products
by means Of ice Is comparatively
modern idea. Prior to the last CEN
fury, no one ever thought of storing
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01

Flannels and wooden articles must
be washed In water only tepid, which
has been made into lather by ths
addition Of soap jelly. Very hot OF
absolutely cold water will harden and
shrink woolens and so will rubbing
soap upon them. They must not be
rubbed, but squeezed and kneaded in
the soap lather, first on the right and
then on the wrong side, and in several
fresh fathers If they are very dirty.
Rinsing must be in tepid water,
changed as often as necessary. In
drying they must not be allowed to
steam either in a hot sun or by hot
fire. Steaming means shrinking.
They must dry as quickly as possible.
and be frequently shaken and pulled
into shape while SO doing.
Stockings are washed in the same
way as f1annels, wrong side out, and
as quickly as possible they must be
hung to dry by the toe. dried quickly
Gin the shade, never in the SUM. and
kept in shape by careful handling.
They ought always to be washed in
quite fresh lather-not one in which
other woolens have been done. which
would cover them with fluff
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01
HAM HOGS SMALL HOGS
Increasing Demand for Small Hogs For Hams and
Bacon.
Bacon.
BY S. G. Miller.

corn. He thrives In clover. and If al
lowed to run In fields Of sweet peas
rape and alfalfa. produces the sweetest
and best balanced hog meat that II
known.
The Tamworth is particularly fond
of raw potatoes, pumpkins. and roots
Of all kinds, to which theSaverage type
Of hog is not partial.
During the past few years very
large trade In American hams has
sprung up in Europe. particularly in
England. The consumer over there
demands q small ham, and our Ameri-
can packers are endeavoring to edu-
cate farmers to the idea Of curing hogs
that will average around $50 pounds.
Matured hogs that will weigh less are
even more eagerly sought.
The truth is that our best hams are
sent to England. and it is not an easy
matter to obtain these small, we'll
balanced hams in this country. and
we are forced to take the big, fat hog
ham with it's trimmings, and hypno-
tixe ourselves into the belief that we
are eating the real thing.
It is not likely that the ideal sn,All
ham will ever be produced in large
quantities in the corn belt, for the rea-
son above stated, but we may expect
to see the best hogs of this type come
from the South, where they feed less
corn and more peas and clover
Some farmers down there are be-
coming rich raising Tamworth and
small Berkshires for the express pur-
pose Of producing the ideal hams. and
they obtain very high prices for this
type Of hog. II
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01
DON'T WAIT LONGER TO HARVEST ICE

rudest possible kind Of structure will
serve as a storehouse for ice. With Z
very little labor pile of discarded
boards turned into an ice house, will
convert a useless encumbrance upon
the farmers premises into one Of the
best paying Investments he ever made.
Coarse hay, or straw, will serve we'll
enough for packing. If sawdust is not
easily to be obtained, and the bare
labor of cutting and hauling Is prac-
tically the only outlay necessary, and
labor is usually most available at this
season of the year.
The agriculturist is trifiing with for
tune, tempting fate to ignore him and
favor to pass him by, who does not
store an abundant harvest Of ice now,
without letting another day pass by.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01
KEEP THE HARNESS OILED.

Harness oiling is a rainy-day job
on the farm and a regular part of thu
stable work in the city.
It's vitality necessary part too.
There's no trouble about spelling a
harness-the question with the horse
owners is how not to spoil harness.
A very little use in all kinds Of
weather works a great change in the
flexibility and "snappiness" of harness
leather. 1t gets hard. dry, lifeless~
crossed and recrossed with little
checks which eat into the leather and
soon bring 1t to the breaking point.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01
PICKED UP IN THE ORCHARD.

More trees are harmed than helped
by pruning. This Is a broad state
ment but we believe 1t Is true.
No man should attempt to prune a
tree until he has learned what Is to
be accomplished by pruning, and how
to do 1t properly.
The best way to clean up an orchard
after the fruit has been picked is to
turn on the sheep. They will dispose
OF every wind-fall or apple that has
been overlooked by the pickers.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01
NUBB1Ns OF FARM NEWS.

One Of the largest steers ever
slaughtered in the west was killed at
San Francisco. On the hook the steer
weighed $500 pounds and dressed
1900 pounds net.
The country's honey product fol
last year Is estimated at $25, 900.
There are 1000 bee keepers in the
country and the product of their hives
was sufficient to fill a train of cars
long enough to reach from New York
to Buffalo.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01
FEEDING THE HORSE.

If system of feeding can be adopt
ed that is more economical and will
better maintain the good health Of
horses, 1t is important that it should
be given careful consideration.
Work horses are too often given
hap-hazard attention on the farm
while special care is maintained in
the feeding of the cows, pigs and
sheep.
This should not be SO. for certainly
upon the horses work does the rails
ing Of good crops depend in large
measure.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01
COMFORTABLE AND CHEAP.

L. T. Foss, of North Adams, Mass,
has built an ideal poultry house from
canvas and old newspapers. The can
vas is nailed to studding IS inches
apart, and the newspapers, after be-
ins folded SO they were f2x1s inches,
containing 80 thicknesses were nailed
on the same as shingles. These were
covered with canvas which was then
painted.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01
AFRICAN BUGS AID FRUIT
GROWERS.

The California Agricultural College
has imported from South Africa a lot
of bugs with healthy appetites 20
make war upon tho black scale para
site which has caused great damage
to the orange. lemon and olive trees
of California. The bugs are SO small
as to be scarcely discernible but they
are armed with a pair Of powerful
nippers with which they destroy thou
sands of the scale parasites in short
time.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01
T>.R SCOURS IN CALVES.

The South Carolina experiment sta
ton cures scours In calves by putting
II ounce of commercial formalin In
ISM ounces of distilled water and
using two teaspoonfuls IN each quart
Of milk. This dose IS given both morn
ing and evening. Prof. Shaw Of Mich
igan Agricultural College uses mix
ture Of equal parts Of camphor tine
ture Of rhubarb and opiates In hot
water, giving teaspoonful at a dose.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01

A ST. Louis woman has discovered
that sure way to discourage sitting
hen is to place Teddy bear in the
nest. She declares she has tried 1t
more chan hundred dimes without
single failure
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01

A farmers wife near Delaware,
Ohio, has sued for divorce because he
objected to her milking the cows in
The pasture instead Of her driving
hem to the barn
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01

A farmer Of Elma, Iowa, has a COW
which last year produced butter to
the amount Of $3.50 In addition to
the milk, cream and butter used by
his entire family.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01

Another st. Louis hen which set
five weeks on a golf ball finally left it
in disgust and adopted litter Of six
kittens. driving the mother. cat from
the premises.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01
HELPS FOR The FARMERS WIFE

the bib and bound with tape it may
then be worn underneath the bib and
prevent the clothing from becoming
wet.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01

Tho steam heated poultry house has
gone tha way Of many other foolish
fadS,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01
PORTABLE FENCE FOR
FARM USE

quantity
OF
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01

Too many poultry yards look like
bare prisons
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01
An Easily Made Portable Fence.

An
be
mon redue
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01

one end of a 74-inch iron rod feet
long. Four inches from the other end
of this rod collar is welded and the
end of the rod passed through an iron
box fastened to movable frame about
10 inches square. A bevel gear Is then
fastened to the extreme end Of this
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1910-03-01

Working dresses wear out under the
arms before tho remainder Of the gar
ment IL at all worn, SO tho following
suggestion is q good ono to boar in
mind when making new waists for
morning gowns: Put In two under
arm pieces on each side, one over the
other. matching exactly any stripe or
other design on the material. When
the top layer wears through, cut out
the worn part, turn in the edges, and
=ew neatly. The dress may be so
'iceIy repaired that the patches will
OF be detected without the closest
lspection.
Clothes that have been boiled in
water in which soar has been Clipped
,ften have rust spots appear on them
after being blued. Tiny particles Of
he soap clinging to the clothes cause
The rust spots by the chemical action
of the bluing on them Merely drop
one large piece of soap into the boiler
or washer. and you will. have no
further trouble.
II the baby "drools" much he Is apt
to quickly wet through any little bib
he may wear and so take cold by
having damp clothing next his chest.
There IL material now made which
Is waterproof. much lighter but with
out the odor rubber is apt to have;
II piece Of this II out the shape of
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1910-05-14
Weekly 5umetin 81 per Wear
Oahu Railway Time Table
Outward,

For Waianae. Waialua, Kahuku and
Way Stations--'9:15 q. m, 1920 p. m.
For Pearl City, Eva Mil and Way
Stations-i7:30 a. m, 1915 a. m,
'11:30 a. m, '2:15 p. m. 1920 p. m,
1915 p. m, 80: 80 D. m, tl1:15 D. m.
For Wahiawa and Leilehua--'10:2 20
q. M, '5;15 D. m, 1880 p. m. t11:16
p. m.
Inward.
Arrive Honolulu from Xahuku, Wal
aulua and Waianae-sS:36 a. m,
1891 p. m.
Arrive Honolulu from Eva Mil and
Pearl City-t7:45 a. m, 1886 a. m,
'1l:02 a. m. '1:4O p. m, 1926 p. m,
1881 p. m, 1880 p. m.
Arrive Honolulu from Wahiawa and
Leilehua--9:15 a. M. IL; 40 D. M, %: 81
p. m, to: p. IN.
The Halelwa Limited, two-hour
train (only first class tickets honored)
leaves Honolulu every Sunday at s: SO
a. m; returning, arrives In Honolulu
at 1910 p. IN. The Limited stops only
at Pearl City and Waianae outward,
and Waianae, Waipahu and Pearl City
inward.
'Daily. tsunday Excepted. tsunday
Only
@. p, pENIsoN, F. c. SMITH
Superintendent. G. p. A.