davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1910-07-30

edged, we could not view any inter-
position for the purpose of oppres-
sing them, or in controlling in any
other manner their destiny, by any
European power, or in any other
fight than as the manifestation of an
unfriendly disposition toward the
United States"
Briefly the Monroe Doctrine, as so
uttered, declared against the inter
position of European powers in the
affairs of the American States, the
particular kind of interposition be-
ing that undertaken for the purpose
of controlling their political affairs
and of extending to this hemisphere
the system in operation on the con-
tinent of Europe.
Out of the Monroe Doctrine, Luis
M. Drago, Argentine minister of
foreign affairs, evolved the now
famous Drago doctrine, declaring
that "the public debt cannot occasion
armed Intervention nor even the
actual occupation of the territory of
American nations by European
power" This naturally led to an
other question. If the United States
expressly declared against the occu-
patton of American territory by q
power, who is going to
ialyn tho In
country, much the same as Nicaragua
now find herself, persists in such
course that there is no prospect that
its debts will ever be paid or it's just
International obligations fulfilled?
President Roosevelt, in answer to
this, tackled on another patch to the
Monroe Doctrine, giving expression
to the function of police power 20
be exercised by the United States in
such contingencies.
Chronic wrongdoing," he said in
his message, of December 6, 1904,
'or an impotence which results in a
general loosening of the ties of civ
Ilized society, may in America, as
ultimately require inter
gention by some civilized nation, and
N the western hemisphere the ad-
herence of the United States to the
Monroe Doctrine may force the
United States, however reluctantly,
n fragrant cases of such wrongdoing
IT impotence, to the exercise of an
police power"
1t may be for President Taft, in
lealing with the Nicaraguan situa-
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1910-07-30

Washington, d. G. July 30.-Re-
cent diplomatic developments and in
ternational discussions involving the
attitude of European powers-espec-
tally Germany-toward Nicaragua
have brought the Monroe Doctrine in
to the worlds spot light again and
the impression is strong that it will
soon be given new application.
The Monroe Doctrine is an elastic
diplomatic garment-not so elastic
as the popular imagination depicts it,
but capable of so much stretching,
when occasion demands, that it viii
fit multitude of situations however
different. There has not been an
administration since its inception in
which this guiding principle has not
been hauled out of it's historic re-
cesses to do service in connection
with one difficulty or another, and
indications are that President Taft s
will be no exception from this rule.
The Monroe Doctrine is already
spoken of as most suitable diplo-
matte habiliment to enfold the inter-
national eyesore, into which the
chaos of Nicaragua is fast developing,
while the United States restores
order and sets the struggling repub-
lie on its feet again. Agitation has
already begun, too, in the Pan-Amer-
lean conference on the part of the
Latin-American governments which
owe much Of their development to its
existence, to make the doctrine
now merely a declaration of the
United States-a guiding principle ,
for the entire western hemisphere.
Such a political profession of faith
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1910-07-30
UNITED STATES PAYS Big
PREMIUM UPON COLLECTION
OF ITS CUSTOMS DUTIES
WHILE ONE-THIRD or REVENUE EXPENSE BILLION
DOLLAR CONGRESSES GARNERED FROM CUSTOM HOUSES
COSTS UNCLE ABOUT $500 THE COLLECTION
EVERY DOLLAR MINOR STATIONS

Washington, d. c., July 30.-
Some of the most expensive luxuries,
comparatively speaking, maintained
by Uncle Sam are small customs
houses, according to figures just
made public. Scattered about the
country are about 100 custom sta
tions. Through them the govern
ment collects the tariff on imported
goods and various assessments on the
merchants. A large majority of the
customs houses are extremely profit
able, and they garner nearly one
third of the money spent by billion
dollar congresses.
Customs receipts at Port Jefferson,
New York, were so small, being
nothing at all, that collector Arthur
H. Randall sought to surrender the
post. For five years he struggled to
surrender the shackles of the office
The Treasury Department would fain
grant him freedom but could find
to take the place. The De-
partment relented short time ago,
gave Randall freedom, closed the Of
flee and transferred the business, If
there should be any, to New York.
There are other ports where no
is found in securing col
lectors even If there is little or no
business. Some of these where the
receipts aggregated nothing last year,
with the expense of maintaining
them, are as follows: Tappahan-
mock, Va, 1864; Yaquina, Ore,
$1,OS4; Beaufort, N. O., $3.50;
Bridgeton, N. j., with seven en-
ployes, $2,12S; Cairo, Ills, $434;
Galena, Ills, $4O5; Little Egg Har-
Dor, N. j., $43S; Nantucket, Mass,
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1910-07-30

tries have been the subject of in
vestigation by Congressman Freder-
ick Lundin (Repn., Ills) He finds
that they have proved successful and
he is hopeful that some such pro
vision for the care of the aged may
be made in the United States.
Germany was the pioneer in the
movement" he says, with law
passed in 1889; amended in 1891
and perfected in 1899. The present
law covers 25 per cent of the popula-
ton and is compulsory in many in
stances and voluntary in some. The
pension is granted up to $3.50 a
year, according to class and weekly
premium paid. Beyond 20 years of
age no incapacity need be shown to
avail the beneficiary his or her PEN
sion.
Denmark fell into line in 1891.
All persons over so years of age are
eligible to pension benefits, with cer-
tain limitations as to residence,
health and record of citizenship.
Laws were passed in New Zea-
land at intervals from 1897 to 1908,
when all of them consolidated to
create a liberal and enlightened sys-
tenn. Sixty-five years is the pension
age, and to all those who are without
a minimum competence and can
show 80 years honorable residence
in New Zealand the government pays
$3.50 weekly. The cost per capita
of population is small. The benefits
conferred are free, and not only re-
dound to the benefit of pensioners,
but to that of society in general.
Belgium adopted an insurance
and nationally sustained pen
sion act in 1900. Annuities are
granted according to age and amount
of premium paid. Pensions are paid
to all over 65 years of age under GER
tain prescribed conditions of want
and disability.
Italy, France, and Australia are
operating systems of annuities and
pensions. Old age relief is recog-
nized in these countries as an in
stitution of worth, and the system
cannot fail to grow with the advance
of the times.
Australia probably presents the
best example of growth and modern
ization Of the old-age pension idea,
----------------
IHontin,od IN Douo -
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1910-07-30

tion, to formulate still another phase
of the Monroe Doctrine which has
not yet come into view in the diplo-
matte experiences of the United
States.
Although President Monroe's name
is attached to the doctrine, the prin-
ciple underlying it goes further
back, even to the beginning of the
United States. Washington, in his
farewell address, declared that the
policy of the United States was to
avoid entangling alliances with Euro
pean powers. The Republican form
of government was, in contradistinc-
tion to the monarchical form pre-
vailing in Europe, an ideal for which
the colonists had fought and to
which they were passionately at
tached. Anything threatening that
ideal was to be looked upon as a foe.
When, therefore the Holy Alliance
was formed Of the foremost Euro
pean powers, with the exception of
Great Britain, the fledgling republic
held aloof with some suspicion of its
purposes; and, when the alliance
threatened to support Spain in main
tanning its grasp upon its American
colonies which were fast slipping
through her fingers the occasion for
the declaration of the Monroe Doc
trine first arose though the senti-
ment underlying it had developed
long before.
With that declaration the effort of
to dominate the world was
curtailed. The United States took
it's place as a world power and the
American ideal of government, as
from that of Europe,
assumed its sphere of control
A similarly momentous change in
evitably will take place in the orient
when China rises to assert her in
The world will then be
by those spheres of diplo- !
matte influences - European the
American and the far eastern. The
last undoubtedly being under the
guidance of China and Japan. The !
Monroe Doctrine is the political gos-
pei Of the Western Hemisphere. !,
That of the Eastern is yet to he :
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1910-07-30

$362; Paducah, KY, $549, and
Patchogue, N. Y, $66S.
Tab is kept by the government on
every custom house to find the cost
of collecting the revenue. Annapo-
lis had customs receipts of $3.09 last
year and the cost to the government
of collecting each dollar was $309.41.
There are considerable vessel busi-
ness at Alexandria, Va, but the to-
tai customs receipts amounted to
only $40 and on that basis the cost
of collection on each dollar was
$122.49. The amount paid for each
dollar collected at some other points
were: Natchez, Miss, $52.76; st.
Marys, Ca, $45.4O; Saco. Me-, SAL
46; Great Egg Harbor, N. j., $25.14;
Rock Island, Ills, s23.6S; Teches
La, $25.45 and Portsmouth, N. NJ
$16.12.
In the large ports the expense to
the government in collection of a
dollar ranges from a little over two
cents to five cents In New York
last year the cost per dollar was 2.2
cents and the aggregate receipts were
1902, ,655, 800. The average cost OF
collection in the country was 5.4
cents.
Customs houses are created by
Congress and can be abolished only
by the same authority. In the in
terest of economy secretaries of the
treasury have recommended that COLI
lectors be abolished at ports where
there seems to be not enough busi-
ness to Justify the expense. Mem
bers in Congress, however, have
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1910-07-30
ELASTICITY OF OPERATION
OF MONROE DOCTRINE IN THE
PUTTING DOWN OF REBELLIONS

is MOST SUITABLE DIPLOMATIC COVER INTER
NATIONAL EYESORES PRESIDENT
UPON TO INVOKE ITS POWER
ANCEs THAT ARE FAST REDUCING CONDITIONS
NICARAGUA CHAOS
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1910-07-30

PENSIONS FOR AGED PEOPLE.
Washington, d. c., July 3d.
Old age pensions in foreign coun-
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1910-07-30

CONTINUED on Page III
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1910-07-30

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The Plymouth tribune. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1901-1911, 1910-10-27

| AND
LIQUID FUEL REPLACES COAL
PERMITS Combustion to Be Regulated
Right Along as Needed-EasiIy
Stored on Ship.

Liquid fuel is praised by Sir Bower
ton Redwood as more economical than
coal. When the demand for heat is
variable there Is added economy in the
be raised TO full power or extinguished.
In the case of coal it is needful to
lave a thick bed of incandescent fuel
and 1t takes considerable time to
bring this into a state of active COM
bustion. To retain the efficiency of
the coal fired furnace clinkers have to
be periodically removed. And this
operation cannot be performed without
allowing cold air free access to the
furnace, which is detrimental to the
boiler, besides being wasteful of fuel.
Added TO this for some time afterward
the fire is not fully effective, SO that
difficulty is experienced if a sudden
demand were made on the boiler.
Liquid fuel does not suffer from
these disadvantages and permits com
bustion to be regulated right along as
needed. There also is great saving
OF labor in stocking as well as In the
removal of ash and clinkers. Liquid
fuel could be quickly taken on board
a ship, could be stored where coal
cannot be put, and occupies less space
than coal.
The Plymouth tribune. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1901-1911, 1910-10-27
RESULT OF THE THIRD GAME.
Chicago Loses to Philadelphia In
World Series Contest.

Chicago.-The Philadelphia cham
picns of the American Baseball league
administered the third consecutive de-
feat to the Chicago National team
here in the worlds championship Sc
ries, before a crowd of 26.210 people
by a score of IL tc 5.
In every department of the game
the Quaker City team had it on tie
veteran pennant winners. They played
rings around them. They knocked
their pitchers out of the box and per-
formed stunts in the field that robbed
the Chicago players of what might
have been hits.
the Chicagoans. He lasted two in
nings and then Mc1atire took his
place. The latter was driven out of
the box in the third innnig after the
Athletics had slammed TIE ball all
around the lot. Pfester took his
place.
The third inning was really the
most remarkable of the game. Be-
sides seeing the retirement of Nc
Intire, this same round noted the
blacklisting of Manager Chance. He
a ordered off the field by Umpire
Connolly because he disputed too ar
iently a decision which gave Murphy
a home run for a terrific hit into the
crowd in right field.
Jack Coombs, who worked on Tues
day at Philadelphia for the Athletics
came back and twirled a much bet
ter game. He had better control. a
quicker break to his curves, which
he used considerably throughout.
The American league champions
continued their excellent work on the
field and at the plate. There were
10 particular stars in the conflict on
he side of the Athletics. but all Of
he men took a hand in administering
he third consecutive defeat to the
cubs.
Davis shone with the hickory, get
ling three hits, a base on balls and
Fas hit n in five times up. Collins
allied to shine at the plate and also
rad little work to do in the field.
Barry and Baker contributed several
'olid bingles that helped to make the
'ictory easy for the American league
champions.
The Plymouth tribune. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1901-1911, 1910-10-27
SET FREE
BY MOUNTAINEERS
Armed Mob Releases Murderer
Sentenced to DEATH.
COUNTY JAIL Is ST0RMED
Prisoner Taken into Mountains
Bloodshed is Feared Should Om-
GERS Recapture Him-Friends
Say He Is Innocent.

Livingston, Va. john Moore,
who was in the Nelson county jail
here, under sentence of death for
the murder of Frank Howl, was lib
Grated by his m-ountaineer friends and
Moore escaped to the mountains.
The mob, numbering 20 fully armed
men from the mountain section of the
country where the murder was CON-
mitted, proceeded quietly through the
town to the county Jail. The o
were rushed and the guards. facing
pistols, made no resistance. The
cell where Moore was locked up soon
was found and he was taken out.
Precautions had been taken by the
crowd to prevent an alarm being
spread and almost as quietly as they
had entered the town the mel left it
and started back to the mountains.
1t was some hours after the rescue
that the news spread and then deputy
sheriffs started for the mountains to
rearrest the murderer. 1t is feared
that bloodshed will follow any at
tempt of the authorities TO recapture
him.
Moore was condemned to pay the
death penalty by electrocution at
Richmond on November %, he having
been convicted of numbering Frank
Howl. in Nelson county last May.
Many of the mountaineer friends of
the condemned man believed him in
nocent of the crime.
At the October term Mrs. Roye
Howl, widow of the murdered man.
indicted as an accomplice. was &C
quilted. Public sentiment was strong
against the pair. but upon her dis
charge there was a change favorable
to Moore.
The Plymouth tribune. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1901-1911, 1910-10-27
WELLMEN AGAIN IN PORT
AFTER HIS SEA RESCUE
Crew CT Balloon America Reach New
York in Safety-WiiIing to
Try II Again.

New York.-Walter Wellman and
his five companions were landed here
by the steamship Trent. which picked
them up at sea after they had aban-
dOned their dirigible balloon America.
and failed in the first attempt ever
made to cross the Atlantic in a diri-
gible balloon. After landing the party
was taken 70 the Waldorf-Astoria,
where Weilman will make his head
quarters for a time.
Barring a few injuries to his right
arm and one of the fingers of his
right hand. the man who directed this
daring attempt to cross the ocean i
a gas bag returns in good physical
shape although his nerves are some
what shattered and he mas reached
the conclusion that in the present de
velopment of the dirigible the task
he undertook is a hopeless one.
News of the rescue came IN two
wireless messages from Capt. Down
of the Trent. one reporting to the
company agents here and another in
forming the New York Times OF the
result of the expedition in which il
had taken a leading rart. Both wire
less messages practically told the
same story.
Captain Down reported that at five
o'clock Tuesday morning he first
sighted the airship. Signals Of dis
tress and calls for help were given.
For three hours the Trent maneuvereG
in the heavy sea to get alongside OF
Wellman and his wrecked companions.
The entire party finally was taken
aboard, even to the cat, which was
taken along as a mascot. The Amer
lea was abandoned where the rescue
occurred, in latitude 35.43, longituce
6S.1S.
In abandoning their craft the crew
of the airship America lowered them
selves into the lifeboat which swung
beneath it. Then they cast the life
boat off and were afloat on the sea
The airship. relieved of the weight OF
the lifeboat, shot high into the air
and was blown away rapidly. The
transfer of the Wellman party from
thc lifeboat to the Trent was made
with great difficulty.
Undoubtedly the America has bro
ken all records, both as - time in
cir and distance covered. The pre-
vious time record. that of Count Yep
pelin, was 81 hours. The Americas
time up to eight O'Clock TUESDAY
morning would be three full days. o.
70 hours. The previous distance rec
orc wa that Of Count Zeppelin. 85t
miles.
The Plymouth tribune. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1901-1911, 1910-10-27

Upon a Newport farm" which cost
a fortune the young owner lies ill of
typhoid fever. A wealthy woman near
by suffers from the same disease OF
dirt" In Manhattan last year there
was a sporadic outbreak in the region
of costly apartment houses. This year
It is Brooklyn's turn. says the New
York World. In this city, with its
guarded water supply. it is likely that
typhoid at this season is brought from
insanitary summer resorts or incurred
during automobile runs. Every life
lost by typhoid is a wasted life. 1t
Is absolutely preventable. People who
live in marble halls without caring
whether poison run il the pipes be-
hind them; the very rich who spend
millions in display but neglect santa
ton; college professors caught un.
aware by epidemics like that in Ithaca
these have themselves to blame II
the disease occurs. Typhoid origina-
ting in any community disgraces It.
The Plymouth tribune. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1901-1911, 1910-10-27
DAVID BENNETT HILL
DIES AT RURAL HOME
=orme. senator an6 Governor of En-
pire State Succumbs TO BiIiousness
Once Urged for Presidency.

Albany, n Y.-Former Senator and
Governor David Bennett Hill passed
away suddenly at his country home at
Wolferts Roost after a short illness.
About two weeks ago Mr.. Hill was
seized with a bilious attack while at
his law office in this city, and although
his condition was not considered seri-
,us at the time his physician advised
lin to remain al home for a few days
mtil he recovered.
A cold developed, and a few days
alter. alarming reports Of his condition
gcre circulated. These reports. how
sver, were denied by friends; in fact,
he patient appeared to be on the road
o recovery until Wednesday night,
Fhen be suffered a sinking spell, which
'esultcd in his death.
In 1882 he was elected lieutenant
governor on the same ticket with
irover Cleveland and following Cleve-
and'S election 10 the presidency of the
United States Nj. Hill became gov
sTnOr. subsequently being elected for
wo terms. He was governor for
ieven years.
N 1891 Mr.. Hill was elected United
States senator. In 1894 he was once
more the candidate of the Democratic
,arty for governor, but was defeated
~ Levi p. Morton, his Republican op-
)onent.
Mr.. Hill was the candidate Of the
New York Democrats for the nomina-
ion for president in 1892, but Mr..
Cleveland was renominated for that
,fice.
In 1904 Mr.. Hill was credited with
aeing the political sponsor of Alton
s. Parker, who was nominated for the
presidency by the Democratic national
convention at st. Louis.
Following that election Mr.. Hill an
bounced his permanent retirement
rom politics. and since that time he
has devoted himself solely to the prac-
ice of his profession.
For many years Mr.. Hill was a mem
Der of the Democratic state committee
lad in 1876 and 1884 be was delegate
20 the national conventions which NOM
mated Tilden and Cleveland respec-
lively.
The Plymouth tribune. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1901-1911, 1910-10-27
Timber Worth st5,ooo,ooo Destroyed.

Washington, ID. C.-Six billion board
feet of lumber, valued at about $15,-
0 5000, was destroyed in the recent
fires upon the national forests in Mon
tana and northern Idaho. The total
area burned over in this one district
was put at 1,250, 900 acres. The first
rough estimate of the loss in the great
forest fires was completed by officials
of the government forest service. 1t
shows that the heaviest losses were in
two idaho forests, the Couer D'Alene.
where three billion board feet of tim
Der was reported killed or destroyed
and over 450, 1000 acres burned over and
at Clearwater. where one billion feet
was killed and 100000 acres burned
over. Other heavy losses were Hele-
ma national forest, 400, 600, 900 and Lo-
10 forest, 800, GOO, 900 feet. The present
rate OF cutting from the national for
ests, six billion feet is equal to twelve
years supply, but it is less than one
sixth of a years cut in the entire coun-
try, or enough to keep all lumber mills
busy for something under two months.
The Plymouth tribune. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1901-1911, 1910-10-27
GLASS FOR BUILDING WALLS
Bricks of Light Material Gaining Wide
Popularity for Interior Construc-
ton in Europe.

Glass bricks are attaining such a
wide popularity in Europe as a mate
rial for interior wall construction that
he dealers in junk find a ready mar
ket for such refuse glass as old win
dow panes, broken bottles, and the
like. This glass, gathered from the
refuse heaps, is melted and run into
molds. The bricks thus formed pre-
sent a smooth. impervious surface.
The glass bricks are being used in
schools, stations. hospitals, theaters,
public buildings, railroad stations, and
even in meat markets. Many of the
meat markets In Hamburg, Germany,
are made to convey an impression Of
dazzling purity by their use. Several
schools and hospitals in Milan, Italy,
have adopted the bricks because they
reflect more light than ordinary wall
material, while in Dresden and other
cities of Saxony they are used in
theaters and public buildings.