Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1910-09-25
BY w. C.. DUN A S

moecule of these various dyes had solved that seeming
intangible problem, the world had another source of
wealth opened up it in coal tars and their derivatives
He has given to us for our pleasure and use mar
velous series of beautiful dyes built up out of the
lovely black of coal Few have any conception of
the painful steps by which the chemist has claimed these
triumphs in the making of colors. For example, he
knows that by the introduction of different chemical
groups units, to speak, into such substances as
rosanine pararoSanine Whose compositions he has
accurately determned) dyes of other coors formed
He knows that the general effect of the introduction OF
methy groups form dyes of violet colors and that
the number of these methyl groups increases the
product has deeper blue tint. He knows what dye
will suit certain fabrcs he knows that benzidne dyes
have peculiar power of uniting with cotton He calls
this series substantive dyes. They bear euphonous
Names such congo red and chrysamne He divides
his dyes into SERIES -tri-phenymethane dyes benzl-
dine dyes, etc. The dye chemist deals with compexlty
itself and with that staggering in their length
and sound The dye crystal violet hexatetra- ethyl
pararosanine, is made by the action of para tetra-
methyl neutrality-suspicious. on dlmethyl anllne IN
the presence of dehydratng agents. The beautiful dye
uorescen and the delicate pink dye eosn, as well
the yellow alizarin, the sulphur dyes and hundreds
of Others of all ns and suitable to every kind of fabric
all products Of the chemists BRAIN
Ultramarine, formerly obtained from the natural
mineral laps azuli. and worth its weight in gold is
made by purely artificial processes from kaoln,
sodium suphate sodium carbonate, sulphur and rosn,
and sells for only few cents pound.
One of the Wonderful Triumphs
ALL vegetation upon which our lives depend must have
nitrogen for its nourshment Over each OF land
this earth there thirty thousand tons of nitro
gen. When the natural deposits of nrates for fer
tzers began wane, chemistry equal to the
and combined this inert nitrogen OF the atmosphere
by eectrolytic process with oxygen and calcium,
forming calcium nitrate and calcium cyanamde, sub
stances suitable for plant food and plant nutrition
Science deals with the ultimate constituents of our
universe their combinations and changes. 1t deals with
life. 1t knows that nitrogen is of the most inn
porant we'll the most expensive elements of plant
food. This achievement OF the most useful well
wonderful triumphs of chemist and engineer.
The chemist has made nitrogen serve mankind in many
useful and harmful ways He has combined into
pounds of tremendous explosive power,-guncotton,
ntroglycerin lyddite cordite and many other explo
sives. By studying the instability of nitrogen COM
pounds he has made possible its application in warfare
and in peace He has made the sweetest of perfumes
of the proper combination of this element. Again.
the element of the perfumes nitrogen, has been
made into most deadly poisons and into substances of
most revolving odors The scientist now knows large
part of the of nitrogen, entrance into the
composition of delicate perfumes of gases,
beautiful hues dyes healing medicines deadly poisons,
explosives in cyanides, in protoplasm of bodies, in
nutrtive foods. and in the plasma of our blood.
When eat meats in the magnificent dining rooms
of our great restaurants and hotels seldom think
how science has been at work here order give
us the best that the world Affords brought maybe long