davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
ANNOUNCES SCHOOL TERM
WILL OPEN SEPTEMBER rs
Pasadena School Superintendent
Tells of Building Repairs

PASADENA, Aug. 6.-Superintendent
Hamilton of the Pasadena schools has
been receiving so many inquiries as to
the date of opening Of the fall term
in the high school and grammar
schools that he has announced in ad-
vance of the usual time that the fall
term will begin September 26,
From now on until that date work of
preparing the buildings for opening
will be rushed Many repairs are being
made in various buildings. The Lin
coin kindergarten will be moved to an
adjoining lot which was acquired for
that purpose and the present kinder
garten site will be utilized for addi-
tional playground space.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
RECOVER FROM INJURIES

SANTA ANA, Aug. 5.-Supervisor H.
E. Smith and wife, recently injured in
runaway resulting from the fright of
the horse they were driving near an
electric street car, are recovering from
their injuries. Supervisor Smiths
shoulder was dislocated and a bone
broken. He was able to drive to New
port Beach day before yesterday.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
SELLS APRICOT GRO?

REDLANDS, Aug. 81. o. Yount,
who has a large apricot drier at Red
lands Junction and handles most of the
crop for this section, has just closed a
deal by which he sells the entire crop
to Castle Bros. of San Francisco for 9
cents a pound. The smaller driers have
sold their crops at from to So cents
The local crop was below the average
in size, but the quality was excellent.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
ELECT PASADENAN SENIOR
VICE COMMANDER OF S. w. v

PASADENA, Aug 6-Commander ].
D. Jones Of Eddie S. Moore camp,
Spanish War Veterans, who returned
yesterday from the state encampment
in Sacramento, predicts that Past
Commander Wallace Coping of the
local camp, lieutenant in the local
police service, will he the next depart
ment commander of the Spanish War
Veterans He was elected senior vice
commander this year by large ma
jority. He will return to Pasadena
next week as will also James e. Cor
don and A. II. Thomas, delegates from
Pasadena DR.. u. r. MaIaby, who
was elected department surgeon, re-
turned yesterday. Commander Jones
states that the department encamp-
ment extended thanks to Congressman
James McLachlan for pointing out
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
PURCHASES TWENTY-FIVE
ACRE RANCH FOR $4,000

SANTA ANA, Aug. 5.--Lillian w.
Burch. a recently arrived easterner,
has purchased the twenty-two-acre
ranch of Edwin J. and Albert Brown,
between Olive and Orange, paying $25,-
600 as the purchase price. The ranch
has choice orchard improvements.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
BOY SUSTAINS INJURIES
IN AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENT

SAN BERNARDINo, Aug. SIN an
accident late this afternoon at the
corner of Fifth and Z streets, the
young son of F. A. Beals was thrown
from his fathers automobile and seri-
ously injured. The lad was sitting on
the seat beside his father, when the
automobile crashed into the rear end
of a heavily loaded cement wagon.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
COMPANY LAYS NEW TRACK

LONG BEACH, Aug. 5.-The Pacific
Electric Railway company, which has
recently started new work on West
Seventh street and at other points here,
has begun work on another line, from
Seventh to Tenth streets, connecting
there with a buried line from Tenth
to Anaheim streets. The extensive
construction work of the company has
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
LIBRARY TRUSTEES MEET

REDLANDS, Aug. 5.-The monthly
meeting of the library trustees today
developed the fact that the membership
of the library now totals 65O6, and the
total number of volumes is 17,90l. Miss
Mable OFT is in charge of the library
for several months, pending the selec-
tion of successor to Miss Humphreys,
who resigned.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
MAYOR ON VACATION

SANTA MONICA, Aug. 5.-Mayor 7.
Fl. Dudley will leave tomorrow for an
extended vacation. The mayor refused
to make known his destination, as he
said he did not wish to be bothered
with municipal affairs during his alb
sence unless they are of very i'm
DOrtant nature
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
BICYCLE THIEF CAUGHT

REDLANDS, Aug. 5.-Earl Lol-
maugh, who was arrested many times
in recent years and always on charges
of stealing bicycles, was taken into
custody today. Several weeks ago he
rented a wheel for a week and failed to
return it, later selling it to. City For
ester Frank Gore. He was out on pro-
baton for a former theft.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
HOLD FUNERAL OF LAD WHO
MET DEATH BY DROWNING

ANAHEIM, Aug. 5.-The funeral Of
Ventire Robinson, who was drowned
at Anaheim Landing Sunday, was held
here today. The body was discovered
at Bay City at 5 o'clock yesterday af-
ternoon, it being washed ashore a mile
from where the drowning occurred.
The unfortunate lad leaves his father,
Thomas j. Robinson; two brothers and
a sister. who reside four miles west of
Anaheim. The mother died several
years ago.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
GO BY SPECIAL TRAIN

PASADENA, Aug. Ga special train
has been engaged to leave the Santa
Fe station at $50 o'clock this morning
to carry Pasadena Catholics and their
friends to Redondo for the annual
picnic and reunion. The day will be
given over to a musical and literary
program, a baby show, athletic sports,
jig and reel contests dancing and other
amusementS.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES

building. Rails for new railroad already
in the Brawey yards. IMPERIAL IN
VESTMENT co. Brawley and Westmor-
land lands. Brawley. Imperial County,
California. S-2-4-6&1
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
Late News from the Cities and Towns of Southern California

aroused great interest here but the
final plans of the company are un-
known.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06

EVERGREEN CEMETERY
The Los Angeles Cemetery association, Boyle
Heights, near city limits. Operated under
perpetual charter from Los Angeles city.
Modern chapel and crematOry.
Onice. $3.50 Bradbury Building.
PhOneE-Maln G52; A5466.
Cemetery-IIOme D1O83; Boyle o.
An 9n1
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06

Southern Caifornia-Fair Saturday; over
cast In morning; somewhat warmer; light
south wind
San Francisco and vicinity-Fair Satur-
day; continued warm; light west wind.
Santa Clara valley-Fair Saturday; con-
tinued warm; light north wind.
Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys
Fair Saturday; continued warm; light north
VIII
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
Temple Baptist Church

Auditorium, Fifth and Olive SITS.
J. WHITCOMB BROUGHER, d. D., Pastor,
DIR. GEISTWEIT
Noted preacher, writer and assembly lee
turer, will speak twice Sunday
IL a m. - "BURDENS-WHO SHOULD
BEAR THEM?"
Lords Supper
Hand OF Fellowship to New Members
7:90 p. m.-'MUSTARD-SEED OR COB
BLESTONE?"
Song Service
EVERYBODY WELCOME g-6-7
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06

to congress the deplorable weakness
of the military defense of the Pacific
coast"
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
BIRTHS
GIRLS

LAMBARIO--To Luis and Deamhasi Lam
bario, Chavez ravine.
RUROLOTTI-To Omrea and Lulgea Rur-
olotti. 1921 Alhambra street.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
Gem ETERiES
o~oNo-~o-~-N-0-"-0~N- -o~0-~~~"-~~~-~~~-

ROSEDALE CEMETERY
An endowed memorial park. noted for its
natural beauty; endowment fund for per-
petual care. over $250.000; modern receiving
vault. chapel crematory and columbarium
accessible. City office. suite 302-3O6 EX-
CHANGE BLDG. northeast corner Third
and Hill SITS. Phones-Man 909: A362O.
Cemetery office. 1891 w. washington st
Phones 1855; West so. 6-2-l2mo
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
CHURCH NOTICES
Christian Science Services
Caco,,d CL,,rcL &c ~b-;S+ Cc;a,,A;.4

At the church edfce on West Adams ST..
near Hoover Services Sunday II a. m. and
p. m. Sermon from the Christian Science
Quarterly. Subject, Spirit" Sunday school
II a. M Wednesday evening meeting,
q oeocl. Reading room, 7O4 Herman w. HELL
man Bldg, Spring and Fourth Sts open
daily, Sundays excepted, from. a m. to
y. 6-6-2
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
ROXS

BLAKE--To Frederick and Helen Blake, 458
Gramercy place.
OSTERBERY-To Alfred and Ida Oster-
berry 1912 Trinity street.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
First RaDtiSt Church

Flower St., between 7th and Sth
REV. GEORGE NJ LEHIGH Minister
Morning service, II o'clock: evening service,
6;3O o'clock. Sunday school, $3.50 a. m. Young
Peoples meeting, $3.50 p. m. All seats free
Everybody welcome
Morning subject Hiding Among the Stuff"
Evening subject. True Manliness."
7-9-sat-tf
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
WANTED
sITUATIONs-FEMALE

FIRST CLASS COOK AT $45. AND SEC
ond help at S35. want position together
with good family. Sunset 273S. Home
1855. Pasadena SOB
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
FORECAST

Maximum temperature n.
Minimum temperature 5S.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
HOLLYWOOD CEMETERY

Rolling lawns. trees. shrubbery and beauti-
full lakes
MODERN IN EVERY RESPECT
Situated in the most beautiful section of
Southern California the ideal location. Just
inside Los Angeles city limits.
Melrose and Colegrove car lines to grounds
A CEMETERY THAT Is SELECT
Alb. 2O8 Laughlln Bldg. Main 30I
Cemetery phones 50055; Hollywood 542.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
THE WEATHER

Los ANGELES. Aug s. 1910.
Time Baron. ITher. HUM windVio, Weather.
sS% S.% :ssi ss:i e sW sS Z SISS9 SSSa7
Los Angeles herald., 1910-08-06
PASADENA CLASSIFIED
PASADENA SHOE HOSPITAL

-~~-->~-~>-~-~~---~-~-~-----~<>-~>
MEMS SEWED SOLES AND HEELS. 81.
ladies' Soc 154 N. FAIR OAKS AVE. S-i-1m6
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1910-04-21
GREAT DAY FOR WRECKERS
Men, Women and Children of Scilly Islands De-
vote Day to Recovering Cargo of the Mime
haha Which Was Thrown into Sea.

Hughtown. St. Marys. Scilly island,
April oD.-The inhabitants OF the rocky
Sclly islands were famous wreckers Of
primitive times, but they will forever re-
member this as the greatest day In their
history. The Atlantic transport liner
Minnehaha. which ran ashore early Mon
day morning, disgorged part Of her 1900
tons of valuable cargo. casting 1t on the
waters all day long to he gathered up
by those who cared to take the trouble
Farming and fishing were abandoned
school even was dismissed. and most of
the population of the nearby Islands.
men, women and children. devoted them
selves to obtaining treasures from the
waves. Tho salvagers decided to try to
rescue the Minnehaha In the same way
they did the White Star steamship Suevic,
which went ashore near the Lizard In
March. 1907. by cutting her In half.
Every effort to tighten the ship is now
Imperative. To-day the waves were too
high for the tugs to go alongside. Con-
sequentiy goods were thrown overheard
from the forward hold as fast as the
stevedores and q large crow could raise
them to the deck.
Huge cases containing automo biles
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1910-04-21

New York, April 1o.-Miss Marjorie
Gwvnne Gould. Oldest daughter Of George
j. Gould and one OF the richest girls In
America, is tonight the bride Of an
American. In heavy downpour Of rain,
she was married at four o'clock this aft
ernoon to Anthony j. Drexel, Jr., of Phil
adelphia. forming an alliance between
two Of the wcalthiest families in the land.
S.. Bartholomcw's Episcopal Church at
44th street and Madison avenue was
thronccd and outside police reserves kept
back a crowd of hundreds who. wet to
the skin. stood on the sidewalks for near
" au hour hoping to catch a glimpse of
the bride
Two hours before the wedding tho
church was storned by crowd OF
women. and before the police arrived
blossoms were plucked and vines and
ferns were torn down in the rush for sou
vcnirs 4 funeral service was held in
the chapel adjoining the church at noon.
and many women went to the funeral, II
Is said as y ruse to gain admittancc to
the church for the wedding ceremony.
Sections assistants tried in vain TO com
pei them to leave and finally the police
were forced to ac. and the unlimited were
unccreiuoniously elected Outside. how
ever. drawer feminine spirits stood in the
downpour, regardless of soaked clothing
and ruined hats.
The ceremony, performed by Bishop
Scarborough of New Jersey. was q sim
pie one. preceded hy musical program.
The bridal party passed down the central
aisle between two rows Of 81 torches.
These torches wrapped and festooned
with garlands Of pink ribbons, were sur
mounted by bouquets of roses The altar
was banked with 1000 Gala lilies and
boughs of apple blossoms. Daises were
distributed about the steps OF tho altar
and the chancel rail. The pillars in the
church were wrapped with smax and
hung with sheafs Of Zalia mollis. The
sides OF the church and the organ loft
were hung with daises and smilax. Flow
ers of springtimc also predominated at
the Gould home IN Fifth avenue where
reception was held after the wedding.
A force of detectives stood or guard
all day over the wedding presents. Var
uus estimates were made Of their value,
some as high as s.. .00o, coo
Miss Vivien Gould. sister Of the bride,
was maid Of honor Miss Margaretta
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1910-04-21
Increase for Three Months Mum.
bers 301 Killed while 6,e45
Were Injured.
TOTAL CASUALTIES S,5s0
Report Shows 3,208 Accidents on
Steam and Electric Lines
Damage to Property
Is $2,733,S3o.

Washington. April "a large increase
in the number Of casualties or American
railroads is shown by the report for the
quarter ended December 81. 1902, as com
pared with the corresponding quarter Of
1908. A bulletin issued to-day by the in
terState commerce commission shows an
increase in the number Of persons killed
of 3O1 and in the number of injured OF
56i5. The total number of persons killed
was i,oa9 and the total number injured,
% ig.
The present bulletin shows n compari-
son of what IS called the steam roads"
With tho electric lines on which interstate
traffic is carried The total number Of
persons killed on the electric lines was
2j and 643 were injured lin the months of
October, November and December, 1909.
The total number of accidents in the
quarter now under review on the So
called steam roads was s.2o6 G.745 col
lsons and l.4e1 derailments) OF which %,
collisions and 155 derailments affected
passenger trains. The damage TO cars
roadbeds and equipments amounted to 81,
733 $50
The quarter here reviewed was one in
which there was d large volume Of traffic
on the principal railroads and thos,
classes OF casuallics which occur mainly
in the freight service show heavy totals.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1910-04-21
MI Ne Rs
ARE ENT0M9!EO
Flames Shot to Great Height from
Mouth of Shaft Following
Explosion.

Birmingham. Ala. April .o-About 90
men are entombed in the Mulsa mine OF
the Birmingham Coal & Iron company as
the result of an explosion tonight and
their fate is not known.
The explosion was Of such force that
the flames shot to a great height from
the mouth Of the shaft.
The cages in the mouth OF the shaft
were so badly sprung by the explosion
that they cannot be USED. The shaft is
not on fire and air Is pumped into the
mine all the time.
TWENTY-FIVE ARE DEAD.
Birmnghamton. April 21.--Word has
been received here that 25 of the entorbed
men In the Muiga mine were killed. The
Birmingham Southern railroads hospital
car will be sent to the scene from
Bessemer. Ambulances were hurried "a
Mulga from Ensley soon after the news
Of the explosion reached that city
Mulga is connected with Ensley by one
telephone wire over which It Is almost
impossible to communicate tonight
Rescuers are having great difficulty in
their efforts to reach the entombed men.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1910-04-21

whoeyaling at Chicago at 81 a bushel at
this time.
"Rutter has declined six per cent, eggs
have gone Off as usual In the spring,
Even beef cattle have no more than
held the high quotations of March and
hogs are a trlne off, although sti very
high. and prices of sheep and lambs well
maintained. There has been a break In
the price of hay at country points In the
West: beans are also cheaper
"The tables In this issue prove that
current pricrs are higher than the values
which prevailed few years ago, but IN
numerous instances farmers are now re-
ceiying a good deal less than last year.
REACTION HAS SET IN.
"Altogether, indications multiply that IA
reaction In food prices has taken place.
With good crops in 1910, We may expect
ths ,rlre of food to consumers to be con-
slderably lower than during the past u
or 1s months, although we do not look for
n return to the phenomenaly low prices
of 10 and 20 years aso
"Cold weather this week may do CON
eiderable damage TO fruit crops but there
Is ample time for spring grains to be re-
seeded wherever the sprout!ng crop has
been badly frosted.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1910-04-21
AMERICA FULL Of
FAKE PAIN T|NCS
Henri Rochefort Warns against
Buying Art Treasures Of I'm
poverislled Mobiles.

Paris, April 2o--Nenr Rochcfor' editor
# the Patric. who Is an authority on
writing Of tho so-Called Count
de GatiGnv. who is on trial ut Tours on
n charge OF having sold Mrs. Hamilton
Paine Il number Of SPURIOUS painting cs
warns Americans against buying paint
ingc from prcfcndod ancient hut impover-
shed femiles
Recently" writes NJ Ecchefort, "a too
confdunC Yankee invited mo 10 admire
= collection OF pictures Of the 1890 school.
wnich cost him slGo,0Ho Of which not a
single one was authentic. We cannot be
too careful in warning our American
friends against nob.mcn who offer to
sacrifice their precious heirlooms in favor
Of the purchaser. There are a thousand
chances that the NelaSquez. the Ruhens
or the Fragonatd they offer the Amer
lean buyer has been manufactured in
some studio in the Butte Montmartre.
"ln the United States alone there are
2.5CO Rembrandts, OF which certainly
more than 200 ara absolute fOrgericS.'
NJ. Rochefo,t, referring to the past life
Of Do GatiSny, says that he met Prince
Lusignan, for whom, II Is said. lie
Gatigny was the first masscur, and then
lis successor at the home of Victor
sunled tho title OF prince and posed as
the Pretender to the throne Of Jerusalem.
Ie was received in high society and dis
tributed decorations lavishly.
A further lot OF pictures belonging TO
the so-sailed Count de CiatiSny, came
into The hands OF the authorities yester-
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1910-04-21
AERIAL COLUMBUS
WILL SAIL IN MAY
Thinks Balloon Can Gross the At
lantic in Five Days and
Stay Up Six.

Berlin, April 2o-7'he German aeronaut,
Or. Gans-Fubrice, who will make the Mt
tempt to sail across the Atlantic ocean
in an airship has given the following
particulars of his scheme:
Il shall be accompanied by Herr
Bruckner the editor Of 4 Frankfort
newsp paper. by n physician and by one
chauffeur I intend to start about the
middle Of May. My starting point will
either be Cadiz in Spain or Tenerffe
Just this time of year was chosen because
there is an easterly wind (which blows
from the European to the American con-
tincnt continuously. and with a forco Of
nearly thirty miles per hour. II was to
this wind that Columbus owed his success
in discovering America ! desire to be
an aerial Columbus and. starting from
approximately the same point. to DO the
first 70 reach America through the air.
My course VIII lie across the Atlantic
ocean to Porto Rico. passing cuba and
then across the Gulf to New Orleans
The distance OF my course would be just
over 1900 miles. ! estimate that I should
cover this distance IN five davs My
o,rship now approaching completion is
n sort OF mixture between al ordinary
balloon and Il dirigible a'rship. The
length OF the balloon part Of it is 175
feet and the diameter OF the balloon.
which is cigar shaped, IS 50 feet. My
motor is 10 horse power,
Owing to the favorable wind which /
shall utilize | only intend to use the
motor in case OF necessity, because it
IS not possible to take sufficient benziNc
to Keep the motor going for five days,
The cubic contents of the balloon, 62Qd
c. m. of hydrogen. are quite sufficient
to keep the airship ahoat for lis hours
That would be six days. or one day
more than | require for the passage
'Pcrhaps the most Interesting feature
of my airship IS a cage forty feet long
and ten feet wido. In case of necessity
this can be sailed on the ocean as a
motor boat and II run short of benzine
it can be sailed as sailing boat, because
! shall take portable mast with me.
so Gar human foresight can provide
my enterprise must succeed To prevent
every danger a number Of ships will he
on the lookout for us between European
coasts and the West Indies"
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1910-04-21
WOMEN STORM CHURCH TO
SEE THE GOULD WEDDING

Drexel, sister Of the bridegroom. came
from England with her parents and
her flance, Guy Montague Finch-Hatton,
Fiscount Maidstone. to act as bridesmaid
The other bridesmaids were Miss Hope
Hamilton, cousin of Miss Could. Miss
Marjorie A. Curtiss. Miss Beatrice
Clafin and Miss Elsie Ncoll OF New
York. Miss Ellin Mackay. daughter Of;
Clarence II. Mackay. and Miss Edith
Could third, were flower girls. Tho
bridesmaids all wore gowns OF pale blue
satin, yelled in blue and pink chiffon.
Mr.. Drexel was attended by his broth
er Armstrong Drexel. The ushers were
Viscount Maidstone and Noel Griffith OF
London, Craig Biddle and John Fell OF
Philadelphia, William Rhinelander Stew
art Julius w. Noyes and jay and King
don Gould. brothers of the bride.
The honeymoon plans of Mr.. and Mrs.
Drcxcl were kept secret. 1t Is known,
however. that they will be in London in
June to attend the wedding of Margaretta
Drexel and tiscount Maidstone.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1910-04-21
HEARST UNQUALIFIEDLY
ENDORSES THE PRESIDENT

is TO say, he IS doing the things that
Roosevelt should have done but he did
not do.
Taft IS making the Roosevelt railroad
rate act complete and effective. Tho
Roosevelt railroad act has always been
an utter farce and everybody who knew
anything about tho subject knew when
1t was passed that It was a farce and
would be n failure. 1t might have been
meant to he - failure.
at any ratio Mr. Hepburn, tho gentle
man. who WAS selected by the Roosevelt
administration to stand sponsor for that
bill In the House. had but lately been
hung in cffey by his enthusiastic con-
stitucnts for too great friendinoss 10 the
raj, Dads.
"would YOU have selected that kind Of
man tagge! with that Kind OF a testi-
monial to frame that kind of bill? And
can yol imngino tir. Roosevelt. tho
Diogcncs % politics. hunting through the
House OF Congress lantern in hand, to
ind an homes man and selecting this
executed efficy as the fl-tcst one to frame
the peoples railroad bil?"
CREDIT FOR NEEDED LAWS.
Mr Hcarst snys that President Taft is
trying 10 stiHon into an active force the
"spinccsg railroad bill OF the Roosc-
welt admin stration. He gives Mr.. Taft
cerdit for the prosecution OF criminal
trusts and for throwing his powerful in
fuencc behind many needed flaws. among
them the corporation tax bill. the over
capitalization hlll n bill providing for
postal savings banks. the parcels post
! ,,oo., an
AN these measures are good" he con-
t!nues. some Of these. the Roosevelt ad-
ministration wilfully omitted, others it
airily neglected. some It discussed but
never accomplished.
''If the people want more of achieve
ment than Taft Is giving them. they must
turn to another party, for do not be-
| licve that there is another man in the
! Republican party who Will do more or as
! much
Most certainly if the people want the
/ tariff modified, they must turn to another
| partr. for the tariff will never be nod-
/ led by its bencnciares. And It's beneii-
! ciaries control the Republican party
Mr.. Hearst closes his statement with
( the declaration that the American people
! need look for no tariff reform.