davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Los Angeles herald., 1910-12-07
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OF direct claim 1or compensation; that the
proceedings thereupon to be taken should be
in the form Of a trial de novo. and that judg-
ment Of the court should consist Of compensa-
tion for the illegal capture, irrespective OF
the decision Of the national court whose judg-
ment had thus been internationally Involved.
As the result Of an informal discussion, It
was decided to provide such procedure by
means of separate protocol, which should
be ratified at the same time as the prize court
convention itself.
Accordingly the government OF The Neither
lands, at the request OF this government, pro-
posed under date of May "a, 1910, to the pow
ers signatory to The Hague convention the
negotiation of a supplemental protocol en-
bodying stipuations providing for this alter
native procedure It is gratifying to observe
that this additional protocol is being signed
without objection by the powers signatory to
the original convention, and that there ls
every reason to believe that the international
prize court will be soon established.
The Identical circular note also proposed that
the international prize court, when established,
should be endowed with the functions Of an
arbitral court of justice under and pursuant
to the recommendation adopted By the last
Hague conference. The replies received from
the various powers TO this proposal inspire
the hope that this also may be accomplished
within the reasonably near future.
It Is believed tho establishment Of these two
tribunals will go a long way toward securing
the arbitration of many questions which have
heretofore threatened and at times destroyed
the peace of nations.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-12-07
The Merchant Marine

Another instrumentality indispensable to the
unhempered and natural development of Amer
lean commerce is merchant marine. All mar
itime and commercial nations recognize the
Importance of this factor. The greatest COM
meroial nations our competitors, jealousy
foster their merchant marine. Perhaps no.
where is the need for rapid and direct mall
passenger and freight communication quite
go urgent as between the United States and
Iatin-America. We can secure in no other
quarter of the world such immediate benefits
in friendship and commerce as would flow
from the establishment of direct lines of COM
nunication with the countries of Batin-Amer~
lea, adequate to meet the requirements OF q
rapidly increasing appreciation OF the reeip-
rocal dependence of the countries of the west
ern hemisphere upon each others products
syYnpathles and assistance,
I alluded to this most important subject in
my last annual message; 1t has often been be-
fore you, and 1 need not recapituate the
reasons for its recommendation. Unless prompt
action be taken the completion of the Panama
canal will find this the only great commercial
nation unable to avail itself In international
maritime business OF this great contribution
to the means OF the worlds commercial IN
tercourse.
Quite aside from the commercial aspect. un-
less we create a merchant marine where can
we find the seafaring population necessary as
a natural naval reserve and where could we
find in case OF war, the transports and sub
eidiary vessels without which a naval fleet
Is arms without body2 For many reasons
I cannot too strongly urge upon the congress
the passage of measure by mail subsidy or
other subvention adequate TO guarantee the es-
tablishment and rapid development of an
American merchant marine, the restoration of
the American flag to its ancient place upon
the seas,
Los Angeles herald., 1910-12-07
Panama Canal Estimate

These figures do not include the appropria-
tions for the Panama canal, the policy in re-
spect to which ought to be, and Is, to spend
as much each year as can be economically and
effectively expended in order to complete the
canal as promptly as possible, and therefore
the ordinary motive for cutting down the ex-
pense of the government does not apply to
appropriations for this purpose. The estimates
for the Panama canal for the ensuing year
are more than $50, 900 900, an increase Of $780,
600, 900 over the amount appropriated for this
year-a difference due to the fact that the
estimates for 1912 include something over
Slg 900 900 for the fortifcation of the canal.
Against the estimated expenditures of $780,
4g4Ol3 the treasury has estimated receipts FOR
next year $780, Ooo, 900, making a probable sur
plus Of ordinary receipts over ordinary ex-
penditures of $4,000 900, or taking into account
the estimates for the Panama canal, which are
$50, 82O, ,SI7, and which ultimately will be paid
in bonds, It will leave deficit for the next
year Of about 100000 II congress shall con-
cude to fortify the canal. The cost of the
fortidcations is about S19, 900. Should there
be no appropriations this year for fortifca-
tions then there would be- even including
the Panama canal appropriation, a surplus OF
obout $l2, 000, ,00O according to the treasury
estimates.
The treasury department is one OF the orig
inal departments of tho government. With the
changes in the monetary system made from
time to time, and with the creation Of ma
tional banks, It was thought necessary to or
ganize new bureaus and divisions, which were
added I'm a somewhat haphazard way and re-
suited in a duplication Of duties which might
well now be ended.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-12-07
Congress Must Cooperate

The carving out of this plan, of course, in
wolves the full cooperation of congress IN
limiting the consideration In tariff matters to
one schedule at q time. because II pro-
posed amendment to a tariff bill 10 to involve
a complete consideration of all the schedules
and another revision, then we shall only re-
neat the evil from which the business OF
this country has in times past suffered most
grievously from stagnation and uncertainty
pending a settlement of q law affecting all
business directly or indirectly and the erect
of which no wise business man would ignore
in new projects and new investments. can
not too much emphasize the Importance and
benefit of the plan above proposed for the
treatment of tho tariff. 1t facilitates the re-
moval Of noteworthy defects In an important
law without a disturbance of business pros
perity, which is even more important TO the
happiness and the comfort OF the people than
the elimination of instances of injustice In
the tariff.
The INQUIRIES which the members of the
tariff board made during the last summer into
the methods pursued by other governments
with reference to the fixing of tariffs and
the determination Of their effect upon trade
show that each government maintains an Of
flee or bureau, the officers and employees OF
which make their life work the study Of the
tariff matters of foreign and home prices and
cost of articles imported and the cost of the
tariH upon TRACE, 30 ludI WHohSN0T ShoA5e
iB thought to be necessary in the tariff law
this office is the source of the most reliable
information as to the propriety Of the change
and its effect. 1 am strongly convinced that
we need in this government just such an Of
flee, and that it can be secured by making
the tariff board already appointed a per-
manent tariff commission with such duties,
powers and emoluments as it may seem wise
to congress to give. 1t has been proposed to
enlarge the board from three to hve. The
present number Is convenient, but 1 do not
know that increase OF two members would
be Objectionable.
Whether or not the protective policy is to
be continued and the degree Of protection
to be accorded to our home industries are
questions which the people must decide
through their chosen representatives; but
whatever policy is adopted 1t is clear that the
necessary legislation should be based an
impartial. thorough and continuous study OF
facts.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-12-07
Crimes of Aliens

With our increasing international intercourse
1t becomes incumbent upon me to repeat more
emphatically than ever the recommendation
which 1 made in my inaugural address that
congress shall at once give to the courts OIL
the United States jurisdiction to punish as
crime the violation of the rights of aliens
secured by treaty with the United States, In
order that the general government Of the
United States shall be able when called upon
by a friendly nation to redeem its solemn
promise by treaty TO secure to the citizens
or subjects of that nation resident In the
United States freedom from violence and due
process of law In respect to their life, liberty
and property.
The marked Improvement in the consular
service during the four years since the prin-
ciples OF the civil service act were applied
to that service in limited way, and the
good results already noticeable from similar
application OF civil service principles to the
diplomatic service a year ago, convince me
that the enactment into law Of the general
principles of the existing executive regulations
could not fail to effect further Improvement
of both branches Of the foreign service, Of
fering as It would by its assurance Of per-
manency of tenure and promotion on merit, an
inducement TOR the entry Of capable young
men into the service and an incentive to those
already in to put forth their best efforts to
attain and maintain that degree of efficiency
that the interests OF our international rela-
tions and commerce demand.
The president urges the gradual and annual
ACQUISITION Of premises for diplomatic use'
especially In the capitals Of Latin-American
states and Europe.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-12-07
Nicaragua in Rebellion

During the past year the republic of Mic
aragua has been the scene Of internecine
struggle General zelaya, for seventeen years
the absolute ruler of Nicaragua, was through
out his career the disturber Of Central Amer
fca and opposed every plan for the promotion
of peace and friendly relations between the
five republics The president then reviews the
rebellion and -the unwarranted execution OF
two American citizens who had regularly en-
listed In the ranks OF the revolutionists,"
which involved the breaking off Of all dlplo-
matte relations with the zelaya government.
The moderation and conciliatory spirit shown
bv the various factions give ground for the
confident hope that Nicaragua Will soon take
its rightful place among the law abiding and
progressive countries of the world.
IT gratifes me exceedingly to announce that
the Argentine, Republic some months ago
placed with American manufacturers con-
tract for the construction Of two battleships
and certain additional naval equipment. Inc
extent of this work and its Importance to the
Argentine Republic make the placing OF the
bid an earnest of friendly feeling toward the
United States.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-12-07

both governments for a mutually advantageous
measure of reciprocity will be realized.
State Foreign Service
Our foreign trade merits the best support or
the government and the most earnest en-
deavor OF our manufacturers and merchants
who II they do not already in all cases need
a foreign market, are certain soon to become
dependent on 1t. Therefore, now is the time
10 secure a strong position in this held'
cannot leave this subject without empha-
sizing the necessity Of such legislation as Will
make possible and convenient the establish
ment OF American banks and branches OF
American banks in foreign countries. only by
such means can our foreign trade be favor
ably financed, necessary credits be arranged
and proper avail be made Of commercial op-
portunities in foreign countries, and most es-
pecially in Latin America.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-12-07
Banking and Currency Reform

The method Of impartial and scientific study
by experts as a preliminary to legislation
which 1 hope to see ultimately adopted as our
fixed national policy with respect to the tariff,
rivers and harbors, waterways and public
buildings also is being pursued by the non
partisan monetary commission of congress. An
exhaustive and most valuable study of the
banking and currency systems Of foreign coun-
tries has been completed.
A comparison OF the business methods and
institutions of powerful and successful
commercial rivals with our own Is sure to be
of immense value. 1 urge upon congress the
Importance of a non-partisan and disinter-
ested study and consideration Of our banking
and currency system. 1t is Idle to dream Of
commercial expansion and Of the development
OF our national trade on a scale that measures
up TO our matchless opportunities. unless we
can lay a solid foundation in sound ana
enduring banking and currency system. The
problem Is not partisan, is not sectional-it is
national.
The war department has within its jurisdic-
Los Angeles herald., 1910-12-07
Protocol Signed

There has been signed by the Representatives
OF the United States and Mexico a protocol
submitting to the United States-Mexican boun-
dairy commission (whose membership for the
purpose of this case is to be increased by
the addition Of citizen of Canada), the ques-
ton Of sovereignty over the Chamizal tract
which lies within the present physical ooun-
determination of this question will remove a
source of no little annoyance to the two gov
ernments.
The president in his message Gays negotia-
tions regarding the refundng OF the bonded
debt of Honduras have been under way for
more than a year and It is now confidently
believed, he says, that a short time Will sur
fee to conclude an arrangement which VIII
be satisfactory to foreign creditors, emlnently
advantageous to Honduras. Continuing, he
says:
This Is much to be desired since recog-
nized by the Washington conventions
strong Honduras would tend immensely to the
progress and prosperity of Central America.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-12-07
China Assisted

The policy of this government in these mat
ters has been directed by desire to make the
use of American capital in the development Of
China an instrument in the promotion Of
China's welfare and material prosperity with
out prejudice to her legitimate rights as an
Independent political power.
This policy has recently found further exem-
plifcation in the assistance given by this gov
ernment to the negotiations between China
and a group of American bankers for loan
of $780, 100000 to be employed chiefly in cur
rency reform. The confusion which from an
Client times existed In the monetary usages OF
the Chinese has been one Of the principal OBJ
stacles to commercial intercourse with that
people The United States in its treaty OF 1903
with China obtained pledge from the latter
TO introduce a uniform national coinage. and
the following year, at the request Of China,
this government sent TO Peking a member of
the international exchange commission TO dis
cuss with the Chinese government the best
methods Of introducing the reform. In 1908
China sent a commissioner to tho United
States TO consult with American hnanciers as
to the possibility Of securing a large loan
with which to inaugTate the new currency
system. but the death OF their majestes, the
empress-dowager and the emperor Of China,
interrupted the negotiations which were not
resumed until few months ago, when this
government was asked to communicate TO the
bankers concerned the request Of China for a
loan OF s5O.00O,00O for the purpose under re-
view. A preliminary agreement between the
American group and China has been made
covering the loan.
For the success OF this loan and the con-
tempated reforms, which are Of the greatest
Importance to the commercial interests Of the
United States and the civilized world at large,
it is realized that expert will be necessary.
and this government has received assurances
Los Angeles herald., 1910-12-07
Two Important Agreements

The year has further been marked by two
important international agreements relating to
far eastern affairs. In the Russo-Japanese
agreement relating to Manchuris, signed July
l. 1910, this government was gratihed to note
an assurance OF continued peaceful conditions
In that region, and the reaffrmation OF the
policies with respect to China to which the
United States, together with all other inter-
ested powers, are alike solemnly committed.
The treaty annexing Korea to the empire Of
japan, promulgated August 20, 1870 marks the
final step in process of control Of the ancient
empire by her powerful neighbor that has been
in progress for several years past. In COM
munioating the fact OF annexation the Japan
ese government gave to the government of the
United States assurances OF the full protection
of the rights OF American citizens in Korea
under the changed conditions.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-12-07
The Near East

Turkey: Reference is made by the president
to the accession OF HIS majesty, Mehemet "
emperor Of the Ottomans. and tho desire of
the United States to contribute to the larger
economic and commercial development due to
the regime in Turkey.
The rapid development now beginning in that
ancient empire, and the marked progress and
increased commercial Importance Of Bulgaria,
Roumanla and Servia, make 1t particularly
opportune that the possibilities of American
commerce in the near east should receive due
attention.
Montenegro: The president expresses pleas
ure in having accorded recognition Of the
United States to the new kingdom Of Monte
negro.
The Far East: The center of interest in far
eastern affairs during the past year has been
in China. 1t has been gratifying to note that
the negotiations for loan to the Chinese
government for the construction OF the trunk
railway lines from Hanl5ow southBard TO Can
ton and westward through the Yangtse valley,
known the Hukuang loan, were concluded
by the representatives, OF tho various financial
groups in May last and the results approved
by their respective governments The agree
ment, already initiated by the Chinese govern
ment, Is now awaiting ratification. The basis
of the settlement of the terms OF this loan was
one of exact equality between America, Great
Britain, France and Germany, in respect to
financing the loan ana supplying materials Lor
the proposed railways and their future
branches.
The application Of the principle underlying
the policy of the United States In regard to
the Hukuang loan. viz that Of the interna-
tionalization of the foreign interest in such
of the railways of China as may be financed
by foreign contries, suggested on a broad
er scale by the recretary OF state ia a pro-
posal for internationalization and commercial
naturalization Of all the railways Of Man
churia. While the principle which led to the
proposal of this government was generally
admitted by the powers to whom It was ad-
dressed, the governments OF Russia and Japan
apprehended practical difficulties in the execu-
tion OF the larger plan which prevented their
ready adherence The question OF construct
ing the Chinow-Aigun railway by means Of an
international loan to China is, however still
the subject of friendly discussion by the in
terested parties.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-12-07
The Payne Tariff Act

The schedules OF the rates OF duty in the
Payne tariff act have been subjected to a great
deal of criticism, some of 1t just more of 1t
unfounded, and to much Misrepresentation.
The act was adopted in pursuance Of a dec
laratlon by tho party which is responsible
for II that q customs bill should be tariff
for the protection OF home Industries, the
measure OF the protection TO be the difference
between the cost Of producing the imported
article abroad and the cost of producing 1t at
home, together with such addition TO that DIFF
ference as might give a reasonable profit to
Los Angeles herald., 1910-12-07

tion the management Of the army. and In
connection Herewith the coast defenses; the
government OF the dependencies OF the Phil
ippines and Of Porto Rico the recommenda-
tion OF plans for the Improvement OF har-
bors and waterways and the execution when
adopted. and by virtue Of an executive order'
the supervision of the construction OF the
Panama canal.
The general plan for an army of the United
States at peace should be that OF a skeleton
Organization with an excess Of trained officers
and thus capable OF rapid enlargement by en-
lstments, to be supplemented in emergency by
the national militia and volunteer force
In some measure this plan has been adopted py
a very large proportion OF cavalry and Held
artillery as compared with infantry in the
present army and on a peace basis An In
fantry force can be trained in six months;
cavalry or a light artillery force not under
one and one-half or two years; hence the
Importance of having ready larger number
OF the more skilled soldiers.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-12-07
Latin America

During the past year several Of our south
ern sister republics celebrated the anniversary
of their independence. In honor Of these
events special embassies were sent from this
country to Argentina Chile and Mexico,
where the gracious reception and splendid
hospitality extended them manifested the cor
dial relations and friendship existing between
those countries and the United States, re-
lations which I am happy to believe have
never before been upon SO high a plane and
so solid a basis as at present.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-12-07
Tariff Negotiations

The new tariff law. in section 2. respecting
the maximum and minimum tariffs of the
United States, which provisions came into eff
feet on April l. 1870 imposed upon the pres
ident the responsibility of determining prior
TO that date whether or not any undue dis
elimination existed against the United states
and its products In any country of the Worlu
with which we sustained commercial relations
In the case of several countries instances OF
apparent undue discrimination against AIher-
lean commerce were found to exist These
determinations were removed by negotiation
Prior to April l, 1910, when the maximum
tariff was to come into operation with respect
to importations from all those countries in
whose favor no proclamation applying the
minimum tariff should be issued by the presi-
dent one hundred and thirty-four such proc
lamatlons were Issued. This series Of proc
lamations embraced the entire commercial
world and hence the minimum tariff of the
United States has been given universal ap-
plication thus testifying to the satisfactory
character of our trade relations With foreign
countries. 80
Marked advantages to the commerce OF the
United States were obtained through these
tariff settlements Foreign nations are fully
cognizant of the fact that under section 2
of the tariff act the president is required
whenever he is satisfied that the treatment
accorded by them to the products Of the
United States is not such as to entitle them
to the benefits Of the minimum tariff OF the
United States to withdraw those benefits by
proclamation, giving ninety days notice, after
which the maximum tariff will apply TO their
dutiable products entering the United States
In It's general operation this section Of the
tariff law has thus far proved guaranty
of continued commercial peace, although there
are however unfortunately, instances where
foreign governments deal arbitrarily with
American interests within their jurisdiction in
a manner injurious and ineQuitable,
Los Angeles herald., 1910-12-07
Europe, Canada, Etc.

Several important treaties have been nego-
tiated with Great Britain in the past twelve
months. A preliminary diplomatic agreement
has been reached regarding the arbitration Of
pecuniary claims which each government has
against the other. This agreement, with tho
schedules of claims annexed, WILL soon as
the schedules are arranged be submitted to
the senate for approval.
Los Angeles herald., 1910-12-07
Portugal

In October last the monarchy in Portugal
was overthrown, a provisional republic was
proclaimed, and there set up de facto
government which was promptly recognized by
the government of the United States for pur"
poses Of ordinary intercourse, pending formal
recognition by this and other powers Of the
governmental entity 10 be duly established by
the national sovereignty.