davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
GUILTY OF ELECTION FRAUD

Ernest c. Cox, Councilman from tho
Second Ward, Newport News the re-
pudiated Democratic Candidate for con-
stable IN the fall election, was found
guilty Of violating the Barksdale eiac-
ton law and fined $500 in the cornora-
ton court Of Newport News.
Cox was convicted of permitting A
T. Burcher TO promise j. p. Fraley S75
IN consideration of which promise Fra,
ley is said to have withdrawn from the
race for the Democratic nomination for
constable. After the primary revela-
tons concerning Cox's relations with
certain paving companies caused the
city Democratic committee TO repudiate
Cox. and as the result j. w. Hester.
the Republican candidate, was elected
Cox Is still a member of City Council.
motion to expel him having been lost
by two votes
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
SHELBURNE'S

p.;.,. Richmond Va. march,
az since our letter Of Feb 2nd this ranged higher than
ue curing the Of Friday Ms
aue an entire of SS of
% 'ne tobacco these who sold
US went home well ~,
'"' We vi" our very ueSt Tor
over the tobacco belt the of tho
year ana lasting as long has tobacco will come 10
zoo "rVer We wish
70 De in n,vers 10
unable TO ship part of it the Rewards Tob
havng handle bera
os'eo is wet and mouldy. to get lower - WV W
Hyour tobacco b;,l
IT, SO don rush the don haveit in
Yours truly
Sheburne. alentine and Iovl
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
HOUSE BILLS PASSED

Submitting to the voters Of Stafford
the question Of charging toll to non
residents Tor travelling over the Fal.
mouth Bridge, over the Rappahannock.
Patron, Mr.. Moncure. Of Stafford.
Prohibiting the trapping for two
years of foxes in the counties of Spot
sylvania. Stafford and King George.
Patrons. Mr.. Moncure. CT Stafford. and
Mr.. Coleman. Of Spotsylvania.
Amending the act protecting certain
hsh m the streams tributary 20 the Po-
tomac River. Patron. Mr.. Lion.
The Powers bill, requiring railroad
companies 10 post true statement of
the delay of trains half an hour before
the scheduled time for their arrival
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
Headquarters For
Building Materials.

| keep all kinds of North Carolina
and Virginia Lumber, dressed and I'M
dressed, Shingles, Laths, Sash, Doors.
and Blinds, Lime, Cement. Calcine
Plaster, Plastering Hair, Building and
Paving Brick, Tin and Iron Roofing.
Cut and Wire Nails, all kinds Ready
Mixed Paints and Dry Paint, Linseed
Oil, 1urpentine, Dryer Varnish and
Lewis's White Lead. Paint Brushes of
all kinds, Window Glass and Putty.
Builders Hardware of all kinds. Tar
Roofing, Sheathing Paper and fine
Brick.
Keep large stock of Sewer Pipe and
FIRE Clay Pipe. f. ID. Cole.
Agent for sale of bricks Of Fred
ericksburg Brick Company.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
PATIENTS FOR STATE HOSPITAL

Capt. II. NJ. Sweeney. guard from
State Hospital at Williamsburg. was
here Tuesday and left by steamer for
Sharp's wharf. where he will get
Richard Hall, Of Westmoreland. a pa
tent for the hospital. Capt Sweeney
VIII return here on Wednesdays boat
and will take back with him Mr.. Sam
Catlett, who was adJudged a lunatic
some months ago and sent to the asy-
lum and has been out on a furlough.
Sam has gotten unmanageable. so he
will have 70 go back TO the asYlup.--
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
VIRGINIA NEWS

For postmaster at Staunton. :.
Brown Allen has been nominated BY the
President
Representative Carlin. Of Virginia.
was among the callers at the White
House IN Washington Saturday.
Six more cases Of SMALLPOX were
found at Lynchburg Saturday. There
are Is cases at the hospital Their
have been p cases so far.
l. W. Caldwell. of Warrenton. a
Mason, Confederate veteran. died Mon
day night. Mr.. Caldwell was for 30
years owner Of True Index newspaper
and is survived by his wife. one da1gh-
ter and three sons.
The members Of the Orange Presbv-
terrain church viii sell their building To
members Of St Margaret's Colored
Episcopal church for 81 .230. The former
VIII purchase lot and have erected a
handsome and modern edifice.
Magistrate James T. Lewis. Of Hen
RICO county. was acquitted of charges
Of malfeasance in office brought bv
Deputy Sheriff Traylor and Constable
burch. The cost Of the trial was
placed on Burch and Traylor.
The school board of Essex has pur-
chased four acres from the Tan Yard
tract Of land for a high school site
The amount paid was $500. The farm
was sold at public auction and the 81
acres was purchased by Messrs. J. l..
Henley and K. b. Rouzie for So. 700. -
Hdewater Democrat.
a delegation Of Virginia Republicans
from the Valley Of virginia and the
Legislature will 20 to Washington
Thursday 10 protest against the con-
iirmation of Fulwiller as L. $. marshal
Tor Western District of Virginia and
OF Allen As postmaster of stanton.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
COLONIAL BEACH MAS0NS

The Colonial Beach Masonic Lodge is
now chartered organization, the char
Ter having been granted the 10th inst.
by the Grand Lodge at Richmond. The
lodge was organized March Is. 1909
with eleven members. IL now has a
membership Of twenty-nine. The Col
loving oftcers were appointed by the
Iran1 Lodge: Charles Bolts, Worship
Iui master; K. 7: Montgomery, senior
warden; j. M. Sussman, junior war
oen- - Colonial Beach Record.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
DR.. BEALE ON THE
MAJESTY OF THE LAW

Speaking of the Northern Neck re-
minds us of DIR. George w. Beale. The
beales and the Northern Neck are in
separately connected in the mind of this
writer. We could not undertake to give
IN detail the account of the recent
Anh-Saloon convention in Richmond
put II ought not to be allowed to pass
INTO history without public mention of
the altogether admirable address bv
Dr. Beale on The Majesty of the
Law. lt was strong, clear. dignifed
and powerful, and was delivered with
grace and force. In fact, DIR. Beale
does well whatever he undertakes. Re
ligious Herald.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
ON BOARD OF VISITORS FRED
ERlCKSBURG NORMAL SCHOOL

Gov. Mann has appointed the follow
ing for board Of visitors for the State
Female Normal School at Fredericks-
burg, term of two years from March
IL, 1910. TO fiil vacancies Alden Bell
Culpeper; Geo. C. Round. Manassas
John A. Lesner, Norfolk: Peter j.
White, Richmond; Saxon ". Holt.
Newport News.
All are present members except Mr..
Holt, who takes the place of Geo. ID.
Edmunds, of AceOmac.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
SENATOR BAILEY
ADDRESSED LEGISLATURE

By invitation of the General Assem-
bly, OF Virginia. u. S. Senator Bailey.
Of Texas, made an address before that
body Tuesday night in favor of the pro-
posed income tax amendment He
argued strongly In behalf of the consti-
e1t1onality Of the proposition. His au-
dsence included many of the State Off
e!als and other leading citizens, besides
~ memberp Of the legislature.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
R., F. &P. TAX CASE GOES OVER

The Supreme Court of Appeals CON
vened Tuesday for the March term
The court continued the case of the
Commonwealth against r., F. & p. r.
K. to the November term. Thek,case
involves the suit brought by State Au-
dltor to secure payment of the fran
ehise tax assessed by the Corporation
Commission. The railroad claims to be
exempt from taxation.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
CARRIERS CREEK OYSTERS

! have erected an oyster house at
Embrey's wharf, in this city, where |
will furnish fresh Shucked Carriers
Creek oysters. Dry measure at all
times for 81 for standards and 81. 20 for
selects. Special prices will be made
for orders from hotels, church and Sun
day School festivals. Orders through
phone ga receive prompt attention and
oysters delivered in any part of the
city, or address-T. l. Radcliffe, Fred
ericksburg, Va. Is-tf
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
FIVE DOLLARS REWARD

The above amount will be paid for the
arrest of the party or parties who, sew
eral nights ago, broke into the store Of
John A. Evans, near Garrisonville.
Stafford county, Va, and took there
from $l4.45 IN money, dry goods and
groceries. Ella V. Evans,
2S23 1lth Street, NV,
1t Washington, ID. c.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
LOCAL MARKETS.
Corrected by Simon Hirsh & Bro. !

(COrrected by Simon Hirsh q Bro.)
Wheat. $l.O5 to $1.2O; corn, 72 to 70
meal, 81. 20 to 81. rs; oats, so to So; ole
hens, live. II to 13; dressed, IL to l3
chickens, live, Ii to 10; dressed, IA to Is
eggs, 10 to 20; lard, l3 to IA; ducks; live
10 to II; dressed II to Is; turkeys, live
10 to Is; drawn, IL to 20; undrawn, u
to 20; butter, 20 to 25; country hams, Il
to 20; Irish potatoes, Go to so; lambs
81: so TO "a; hides, green, to IL; dry
sailed, 10 TO IL; dry hides, 10 to Is; cali
skins No. l, $1.O0 to SIPS; baIed hay,
$l4 to SIT per ton; leaf sumac, 20 to II
per 100; live hogs, 1-2 to z; beef, live
weight, 3 TO 4; pork, 81 to 8; wool,
Is to 30 per Id; veal, IL to 6; sweet
potatoes, 81.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
IN MEMORIAM

OF my dear cousin, Stansbury Bourne,
who departed this life on February II,
1910:
Gone. but not forgotten.
God came and took him home to rest.
There is crown on his head and a
smile on his face.
God be with US till we meet again.
Douglas Fines.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
GRAFT IN OHIO
Former State Printer Is Under Ind
nat

Former State Printer Is Under Indict.
ment
Columbus. o.. March 2. - Former
state Printer Mark Slater was indict.
ed by the Franhlin county g-and Jury
on twelve more indictments. charging
graft in contracts for material for the
state. The exact amount is not known.
but II Is estimated at about $35 600.
Several other state officers were also
indicted. but the prosecutor refused
to give out the names until they are
arrested. Slater was arraIgned and
gave bonds.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
W. 8. EMBREY

Successor to Embrey & Bergman.
Dealer in Railroad Cross Ties, Cedar
Posts, Spokes and HOOPS. Keeps con-
stantly on hand large supply Of Baled
Hay and Mill Feed. Office near Rail-
road Depot, fredericksburg. Va.
Also Agent for Page Wire Fence Co.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
REAL ESTATE WANTED

We have buyers for real estate on
Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers.
List your property with us at once.
Piedmont Real Estate Agency,
II Fredericksburg, Va.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03

Three Killed, is Hurt, In Crash.
Gaiesburg. Ill. March I'm a head
on collision OF cars OF the Illinois
Electric Interurben road near Canton
three persons were killed and fifteen
passengers injured.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03

So far comparatively few meas
ures of any Importance have passed
the General Assembly: but it is
certain that great many of all de-
scriptons will be rushed through
from now until the 18th of March.
when the session comes to a cloSs~-
The House very groperfy defeated
the divorce bill and added TO its
Iaurels and its reputation for con-
servatism by likewise defeating the
bill providing for the election Of the
Corporation Commission by vote of
the people. Only in school legisla-
ton has there been a disposition to
run wild, but the probabilities now
seem to point to the defeat by the
Senate of the Love bill and theHouse
If this is done, will perhaps be very
glad, since it is impossible to believe
that members of that body. in their
calmer moments, would desire to see
that bill become law.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
BOY WANTED

To do any work required on a farm
b; I. Hall, r. F. b. No. /, Freder.
icksburg, Va. W.,
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
THURSDAY. MARCH ?. 1910.
SENATOR GoRDoN's SPEECH

The Senate of the United States
probably never listened to a speech
more delightfully."- sweet and sincere
than that delivered last week by the
venerable Senator Gordon, of Mis-
sissippi, who, after only two months
of service. retires to make room for
Senator-elect Percy. The speech
viii go down in the annals of the
Senate as one filled with the milk Of
human kindness, teeming with that
charity which brightens life and per
meated with the spirit of Southern
sincerity, patriotism and purity.
Well may some of our statesmen.
such as Senator Hepburn, of Idaho.
take to heart the lesson of Senator
Gordon's farewell address and learn
ing the wisdom which that address
contains apply themselves to their
work with a broader view than is
sometimes taken of public affairs.
Senator Gordon combines in his
makeup the true spirit of the old
and the new South; he possesses all
the chivalry and manliness of the
old and all the progressiveneSs of the
new. He only served sixty DAYS in
the Senate, but he has left a lasting
memory behind him.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03

Thirty thousand bills are pending in
Congress, and only about 5000 will be-
come laws.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
MONEY TO LOAN

In sums of $500 and upwards, real
estate security. Apply to Chichester &
Chichester, attorneys. ls n
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
MONEY TO LOAN

In sums to suit on good security. APP
ply to Lee J. Graves, attorney If
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03

The following from an article by
Secretary of Agriculture Wilson in
Leslie's Magazine is very apropos of
the present agitation in regard to
the high cost of living.
A 40-acre farm of irrigated land
comfortably supports a family of ;.
1t costs $50, 900 to make 4 l2-inch
gun. The money that goes to nav
for this gun would reclaim 81
acres of land. providing homes for
1876 people. When ali the gurs on
all the battleships are shot one time.
the government blows in noise and
smoke $l50,000. This would reclaim
more than 4, 900 acres of land. giving
homes TO more than 500 farmers and
their families. The money consun-
ed in powder is lost to an future
The farmer who buys the reclaimed
land must pay the government back
IN ten years, so 1t does not cost the
government anything to build up
the country by helping the farmer.
We should make more homes and
not so many fighting machines.
Building battleships and the guns
which go with them. which in a few
years go to the scrap heap. without
IN all probability ever seeing any
actual service, because more modern
vessels and guns take their places.
is one of the extravagances which
adds to the cost Of living. while open
ing up the waste places for cultiva-
ticn will decrease it. But extrava-
gance is the order of the day and it
will not be abandoned until necessity
forces us to abandon il.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
John 6. Hurkamp Co.

DIR. II. NJ. ECKENRODE, DENTIST.
Ofiice hours 81 and 2 to 8; Office Main
street. over Goolrick's drug store.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
TENANT WANTED

FOR a two or three-horse crop. Ad
dress X. d. Dickinson, Milford. Va.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03
Headquarters For All
Kinds of Leather

Sole Leather. Sides. Strips and Blocks,
either Hemlock or Oak.
Harness Leather. Betting and Lacing,
all sizes.
Calf Skins and Blacksmith Aprons.
We don't handle anything but the best
All guaranteed TO give perfect satisiac-
tion as to prices, etc. n.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1910-03-03

For postmaster at Staunton. :.
Brown Allen has been nominated By the
President
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-03-19

A story told of Sir John Fisher and
Lord Charles Reresford when both
were stationed in the Mediterranean
Will bear repeating. A competition
had been held nc Malta for a prize
annually presented by Sir John. 1t IL
known rs the Malta cup. and. having
so far always been won by "A crew
belonging TO the admiral's flagship. IL
was fully expected by Sir John that
this record would be maintained On
this particular occasion. however. n
crew OF the Families. commanded by
Lord Charles Beresford. carried 1t of
instead. A day or two later the feet
was practlcing maneuvers. and Ad-
miral Fisher. whose reputation as u
stern discipllnarian Is well known.
was dissatisfied with the performance
OF the Families. lie signaled accord
ingly 10 its commander the message.
Explain your reason for being late
In executing maneuver." without q
moments delay the answer came. I'VE
are towing the Malta cup."-Dundee
Advertiser
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-03-19

Oswald. witty and original Pari-
Sian. had a mania for practical jok-
ing. He was very amusing TO his
friends. but when his talents were ex-
crted to avcnge some wrong there
was more bitterness than fun In his
wit One evening when man who
had not treated him politely gave a re-
ception he revenged himself cruelty.
The man was slightly deformed. All
the hunchbacks of Paris. 500 In mum.
ber presented themselves at his re-
ception. They had received notices
from Oswald that II they should go to
this address on this evening they
would learn OF legacy which mad
been left them.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-03-19
PAPER CAR WHEELS.
Safer and Stronger but More Costly
Than Other Wheels.

We naturally think OF paper as
something lacking Ia strength and OF
n paper article rs being fragile. so are
somewhat alarmed when an encyclo.
pedic friend REMARKS that the wheels
OF the car ON which we are slipping
along at the rate OF mile a minute
are made of paper. This opportunity
TO be alarmed occurs. however. Oh
only the best of railways. as paper
car wheels. though safer aud longer
lived than any others. are also more
expensive The principal advantage
Of wheels made from this unpromisiue
material is found In the fact that they
are not injured by the violent vibra.
tons TO which car wheels are sub.
jccted
The paper used In the manufacture
OF these wheels Is known ms calen-
dered rye straw board. or thick paper.
II IL sent To the car wheel shops IN
circular sheets measuring twenty-five
TO forty inches IN diameter. and over
each of these sheets Is spread an even
coating of -four paste. A dozen sheets
are placed one on the other and the
lot subjected 10 hydraulic pressure Of
900 tons or more. After two hours
pressure these sheets. which have now
become solid block. are kept for
week In a drying room at a tempera.
ture of TO degrees. after which a
number of blocks are pasted together,
pressed and dried for second week.
A third combination OF layers is then
made. after which there Is an entire
month Of drying. The ilnal block con.
iains 40 to 100 sheets OF the original
paper and Is four aud one-ha to five
inches In thickness. All resemblance
to paper has been lost. the block In
weight. density and solidity approx.
mating the finest grained. heaviest
metal
quired steel tire. cast irou hub.
wrought iron plates to protect the pa.
per OH either side and two circles OF
bolts. one set passing through the
flange OF the tire. the other through
the fiange OF the hub and both sets
tuiVuSu thc f"pc'' ihc p"Pe' pioS"'
are turned on II lathe. which also
reams out the center hole for the hub.
Two coats OF paint are applied to keep
out moisture. The various parts are
next assembled. and the paper car
wheel Is complete.
AS may be readily understood, paper
which has received the treatment de.
scribed may be used for almost any
purpose for which metal or wood Is
used II not too much exposed TO damp
ness. and TO all practical purposes II
Is tireproof -Ilarper's.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-03-19
stolsn Joke.

The shade at The ice baron had In.
troduced himself TO Charon on the
river trip
quite II roomy bit Of water. this
Styx." he commented. Never freezes
over. does it!''
Not SOS TO interfere with navIga-
ton" said charon smiIingly. "and. by
the way. that very fact gave Mephlsto
the Idea for his favorlte joke"
"You don't say. What's the gagY"
why. WHEN u guest In hades COM
plains OF the scarcity Of Ice the dld
hoy explains that its due TO the m
precedenicd nerversity OF the past win.
teri Buffalo Times.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-03-19

individuality 10 cows has been given
a thorough test OF late at the Wlscon.
sin experiment station. At the end Of
the testing period, three years, II was
found that he receipts from one COW
exceeded her cost OF keep by SllO.
while the combined profit Of five other
cows for the same time was only Sill.
but trlne more than the same return.
and that. too. with nearly i've times
the amount Of feed and work bestowed
on the one. There ought 10 be sug.
gestion or two In these figures for the
practical dalryman.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-03-19

Where the manure cannot be spread
at once on accommodating 1t should be
so handled that there will be the least
possible loss of its fertillzing elements
from rain aud weather until the job
can be doue. Careful tests which
have been made show that II left to
leach manure will lose half Of Its
value In the course Of four or five
months.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-03-19

In several states dogs nre considered
property and are given nominal
value OF dollar simply 10 establish
their legal status In these states an
owner may recover damages II his dog
Is killed without good excuse aud is
also held responsible for damage that
the dog may be responsible for. be IL
killing sheep. causing runaways or 9th.
or form of 'respass.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-03-19

The young things-the lambs and
little pigs-will be putting in appear
ance within few weeks now, and II
suitable quarters. dry and clean. are
not already provided for Landing and
narrowing they should be before the
time arrives. Much young stun Is an
nually lost through neglect in this one
particular.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-03-19
ohedient Bobby.

"Bobby. my son." exclaimed the dis
mayed mother ms she saw all her boys
belongings stacked In corner OF the
closet. haven't tried over aud over
TO teach you that you should have a
place for cverythIngT'
"yes. mother" said the boy cheer.
fully. land this Is the placc."-Ladies'
Home journal.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-03-19

As n rule the low. wet acres are the
richest in fcrtilizing elements aud will
be the most productive II properly
tiled. In the Inauguration Of the more
intensive type OF agriculture which
must surely come with steady In
crease in population and cheap lands
about all taken up. this redemption OF
the wet acres ought to receive an ever
increasing attention.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-03-19

Many colt is weak and wabbly at
birth because It's dam has had little or
no exercise during pregnancy. cou-
pied with diet in which corn has
formed too large n part. Moderate
work will keep the mare In the best
of health. and this is also best for the
colt.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-03-19
Diplomaev.

The wife OF n man who came homo
late Insisted upon a reason.
when ! 20 ont without you" he
said, II do not enjoy myself halt as
much. and II takes tie twice as long"
Success Magazine.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-03-19

The Japs seem to have caught on to
the benefits 10 a country Of the dairy
business and are picking up some fine
dairy animals in this country for ship
ment to the Flowery Kingdom.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1910-03-19

In localities where the winter wealth.
er is cold and the snow so deep as to
keep the fowls from having free range
a scratching shed with south exposure
should be provided adjoining the poul-
try house. Here In the warmer hours
Of the day the hens will gather and
should be made to scratch for their
small grain ration.