Cameron County press. [volume] (Emporium, Cameron County, Pa.) 1866-1922, 1910-12-22

TVER since submarines were first
- introduced brainy men have
~ been at work devising methods
g. by which dangers to their
crews can be reduced to
minimum. Those who are used to
serving in these deadly little craft
will tell you that these dangers are
not so great as is usually imagined,
and that the loss of life from acci-
dents has really been comparatively
small
The two great dangers are COLI
sion and explosion, and special at
tention has been given to methods
that will prevent loss of life in case
of accident from these two sources.
When the submarine Is submerged
1t is really half blind, for the peri
scope is only q makeshift eye, but
even this has been greatly improved.
Formerly the lens In use only allowed
half the horizon to be examined, un-
less the periscope was turned round.
1t could therefore happen that a ship
might come up unnoticed and strike
the submarine before 1t could dive
to safety Now, however, new lens
has been devised which gives a COM
plete view all round, so that an ap-
preaching vessel can be seen from
whatever quarter 1t comes. The perl
scope is the eye of the submarine
Its vertical telescope tube looks like
very thin smokestack, extending Is
feet above the submarines bridge
and it's top part contains the so-called
eye, which sends down images of the
| outer world to the interior of the sub
marine, either by reflection or refrac-
tion. One system is almost as good
as the other The reflection apparatus
| has two mirrors at As degrees at the
| two extremeties. The apparatus by
refraction has two prisms of total re-
| fection, as in q camera. Behind the
| top one a mirror sends down the
| image that can be enlarged-like the
! telescope attachment to a camera
but both systems have the disadvant
age of looking on the world through
pinhole.
Suppose the EYE" be fixed north.
| Those in the submarine get a glimpse
due north. To glance a few degrees
! on either side the whole tube must be
| turned or else the eye alone. In the
| first case-if the tube does not twist
or grip-the image turns with 1t and
| observers have to move around the
! table. If the eye alone be turned the
! lower prism or mirror remains fixed.
! The image, consequently, shows all
! objects inclined at the angle of the
| eyes turning.
For years past the French admir-
! atty has never ceased TO hunt for
| something better. The navigation
of submarines under water absolutely
| demanded an apparatus capable of
disclosing simultaneously the whole
| circle of the horiZon-plus tele-
| scopic magnifier for the object to be
| carefully examined.
And here we are on the delicate
| ground of a state secret. They have
found their apparatus. II is known.
too, that they got upon It's track BY
| seeking to utilize an annulary prism
! devised by Colonel Manjin for the
! taking of circular photographs Of the
| horizon from a captive balloon. This
| is all we really know OF the construc-
ton of the machine that is to put
! French submarines ON footing of
! such enormous superiority that the
mind does not AT first grasp the
meaning Of IT, but the effects pro
! duced by the machine hgve not been
| kept so secret
! In Brcst three submarines and
| three submcrglblcs were fitted with
/ tho apparatus al once for experiment
| and extraordinary tales are told OF
| exploits under water
Up 90 within mile OF its prey
/ the submcreIbIe noats on the surface
| like a simple torpedo hout Theu.
! fearing to Dee seen. Il sinks and con
| tluues naylratlss six feet under wa.
/ ter with the aid Of the admiralty
| perfected periscopc Within 500
yards of tho doomed shin tt,y pufl
\ In the telesrOpic tube ana navigate
a short time by the compass.
When they lc1se they ars Wijhm
500 yards they push the tubc into
/ tho air again lr7t bilh enough .o
let them sees their prey Il ls pIac.
| ticaly invisible Jo people uususpl
/ cioua ol its presence iu that partlcp.
lar spot AZ 800 yards che torpedo Is
shot and what happens is what hap
/ poued to The Ruasiau fleet su often
These are snbmrrrIbi,s. ne tu eco
/ feet long. scmisoHgulus and furnished
with both steam aud electric engines
Their normal plane et trarsl boiue
on the surface iuat tikr ,ufrela
boat. thoIr primary motive ruvcr b.
the steam These steam yugIues rla
the dynamas 90 rgHew che motive