The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1910-09-10
.R0NCLAD CASTE.
Its Rule Among the Hindus Abso-
lutte and Interchangeable.
THE POWER OF THE BRAHMAN
All the Wealth of tho World Would
Not Enable a Lower Caste Hindu to
We'd Into His Family or Touch His
Hand-TyrannicaI Social Divisions,

''a"o-I yraHI'Sa' 0oS'aI DIVISIONS.
Caste distinction in India is q thing
difficult for a foreigner to comprehend.
All the racial or religious distinctions
which separate European nations from
each other and divide them within
themselves do not equal the number Of
classes into which the Hindus are d.
v1ded by what is known as "caste."
The 2OO.OOOOOO Hindus are made up
about nineteen developed languages
and over 100 dialects. They are again
divided into over 5000 castles, most of
them with subcastes. One Of these
castles. the Brahmans. is split up into
more than 500 subcastes. Of which none
will intermarry and few will eat to-
gether.
The term ''caste'' includes SO many
things that it is difficult to define it.
There are, however. two properties es-
sential to true caste-frst, there is no
entry except by birth; second. mar
riage outside the caste is absolutely
forbidden. 10 preserve the purity and
ciety many minute rules of conduct.
many restrictions on food and many
ceremonial observances are imposed ON
the members and enforced by penalties
which cannot be evaded, against which
there is no appeal and which in ex-
treme cases follow the offender beyond
the grave.
But that is not all. The relations Of
castles to each other are as much
matter Of religious observance as the
rules for their internal regulation. The
Brahmans are the highest admittedly
and undoubtedly superior to all the
rest. After them come those who are
acknowledged to be twice born. The
less honored follow in a graduated de-
scent until the untouchable and un-
speakable are reached at the lowest
depth.
1t may he urged that the separation
between the Brahman and. let us say,
the Kurmi market gardener is no wider
than that between the peer of the
United Kingdom and the coal miner.
There is this essential difference-that
it is impossible for an Indian to
change bis caste. The coal miner may
be elected to parliament. may become
a cabinet minister and If be can make
money enough may marry his sou to
dukes daughter.
The Kurmi must remain a Kurmi.
All the wealth of Croesus will not en-
able him to make an alliance with
Brahman family or to touch a Brah
| mans hand. The members of a caste
may and in some cases do raise them
| selves in the sight of other castles by
adopting more elaborate ceremonies
| and more scrupulous observances.
A half civilized Gond. for example,
may find himself brought into contact
with Hindus as the plow encroaches
| on the forest. he tries to raise his po-
sition and add to his self respect by
adopting the exclusiveness of bis Hin
du neighbors. He will even outdo
them if he can. and if the Hindu is
scrupulous about his food the convert
| will wash the very wood with which
his dinner is cooked:
No endeavors Of this kind. however,
will avail to lessen by hairs breadth
the distance between him and the
caste Hindu or even toS induce the
| Hindu barber to look upon him as
| client whose chin be may shave and
| whose toe nails he may pare without
| degradation.
| Another point connected with caste
which has a very practical bearing
and must be taken into account is the
! power of coercion which It gives to the
brotherhood If man is excommuni-
Gated by his caste fellows nobody in
the caste will marry him, or. will ac
cept water from his hands or will eat
with him.
If he is married his wife will not
touch him or speak to him. he Is
dead to his family. The priest will not
perform ceremonies for him. The vii
lage barber will not shave him, and
| the washerwoman will not wash his
clothes. These are the methods of
bringing pressure on the man. The
| strictest boycott which Irishmen have
invented is mild compared to the final
| sentence Of a caste punchayat.
A system like this is; stern fact
which has to be faced. There is not
| police case or civil case or a trial at
the sessions, there is hardly an ap-
pointment to an Office In India of
whatever degree, in which the matter
of caste has not to be considered. 1t
forces itself into every assessment Of
land revenue. into every adjudication
Of rent. 1t affects the administration
of justice, the proceedings Of munich
| pal and district councils.
The influence and power of the
Brahman and the idea that be is
above the law and is not to be pun
ished as other people are still alive,
although a century Of British justice
has done something toward eradicat.
ing them. On the other hand, the sug-
gestion that a man of lower caste
might rise to an equality or nearer to
sl