davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11
HOG CHOLERA SERUM.
Government Demonstrates lts Value In
Test at South Omaha.

Government Demonstrates Its Value In
Test at South Omaha.
A successful demonstration of the
value Of the new government serum
for preventing hog cholera has just
been concluded ut South Omaha, Neb.,
by the bureau of animal industry of
the United States department Of agri-
culture. The efficiency Of the serum
has been proved many times in the
past, but iii order that its value might
be brought more strikingly before the
people Of Nebraska q demonstration
was arranged for at the Union stock
yards at South Omaha in cooperation
with the Union Stockyards company
Of Omaha.
The stockyalds company purchased
thirty pigs, weighing from forty to
sixty pounds each, from a farm which
had been free from hog cholera for
several years. These pigs were
brought to the stockyards, and on July
%, 1910, four Of them were injected
with blood from hogs sick Of hog
cholera. These %inoculated pigs wer
placed in a pen by themselves, and
within five days they had become
sick, Mt which time eighteen OF the
remaining pigs were each given n
dose Of the serum, while the other
eight pigs We're not treated in any
way. The eighteen serum treated pigs
and the eight untreatcd pigs were
then placed in the same pen with the
four pigs which had been made sick
by incubation.
The four pigs which were first Civ
Ell hog cholera all died. and the eight
%untreated pigs all contracted the dis
ease from them. The eighteen pigs
which were given rum II which
were confined in the same pen with
the four original sick pigs and with the
sick @untrratnl pigs remained perfectly
we'll and were finally turned over to
the officials of the stOckyards com.
pany upon the completion of the ex-
pertinent, Sept. II, 1910.
The experiment was witnessed by
Representative s Of the Nebraska agri
cultural experiment station and of the
Nebraska Swine Breeders association
as we'll as by representatives Of agri-
cultural papers published In Nebraska.
The department Of agriculture does
not distribute this serum to farmers,
but is ~endeavoring to bring the value
of this method to the attention Of the
stock raising interests in order that
they may arrange to secure state
funds for the manufacture and distri-
button of the serum. The government
authorities consider that this new Sc
rum treatment il properly applied will
result IN the saving of millions of dol
lars.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11
When Lead is Liahtest.

In what form is lead lightcst on the
scales? A British scientist has at
tempted to tell us how to make the
proof, but it isn't the easiest thing In
the world either to prepare the pound
of lead or place it in position for the
proof. He says that making 1000
small balls Of the pound Of lead the
weight remains the same. though the
surface is greatly Increased. Then re-
duce the small balls into 100000
balls, with the surface enormously ill.,
creased, but the balls weighing the one
pound in the scales. But this scientist
says that If these 100000 shot parti-
cles further are reduced to n twenty.
thousnndths Of an inch each they will
rest in the atmosphere just where
they are placed. this for the reason
that that pressure of light from the
sun exactly overcomes the forces Of
gravitation. To make the lead bits
smaller. however. the scientist says
that the sunlight seizes them and hurls
them into space.-Chicago Tribune.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11
NOVEMBER LAMBS
At WEAVING Time.

As a rule, Il healthy full moutll"d
wv experiences little trouble in lamb
ing, but there will he exceptions. writes
]. Pickering Ross in Farm and Fire
aide. Their actual labor often extends
over several hours, but 10 anxiety
need be felt until signs Of exhaustion
are evident; then, and not until then.
manual help should be offered.
When Il eve has been delivered OF a
lamb which soon gets on his legs TO
in his efforts. all that is needed is I"
see thai the ,lddcr and teuts are clean
If not, they should be bathed with
fairly hot watcl) and Il little Of the
milk drawn off to make sure that the
flow Is natural. II, however, the lamb
fails to get on fits legs it must be help
ed up and assisted to suck. If 1t is
unable t. do so it must be fed from
a bottle with II rubber nipple or from
a teaspoon. It's mothers milk is best.
If it should turn ont that from some
trouble with the ,idder or the tcatS
or from some other cause she Is un.
able to supply it, milk must be drawn
from a eve that has more than her
own lamb needs and hc fed as above.
The eve must then be seen to, and IL
in Il day or two she is still without Il
full supply of milk n foster mother.
one which has lost her lamb or which
has more than her own lamb needs,
ynnSt ha foIn1 and mnt1n IN ndOnt This
ONT. This is easily done If she Is held
a few times until she is used To the
lamb.
Ewes milk is always best. but if ii
is absolutely necessary that from 81
fresh cow warmed a little may BE-
used. At the start Il spoonful every
half hour should be given, gradually
increasing the quantity and lrngthcn-
ing the periods between feeding. This
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11
Remedy For Scratches.

Neglecting to perfectly dry the skin
Of the horses legs after washing or
when wet from rain or snow and al
lowing horse to stand in cold drafts
at such times tends to induce scratch
es. Never wash the legs from No
vember to May. Keep them dry. AT
time Of trouble poultice the parts with
warm 1axseed meal for a few days;
then apply freely twice a day an oint-
ment composed Of dram spirits Of
.camphor, one dram compound tincture
Of benzoin and two drains flowers OF
sulphur per ounce Of lanolin or lard.
In old cases when all treatments fail
blistering thoroughly with cerate OF
eantharides often proves effective.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11

FURNACE FOR REFUSE.
large cast iron container, adapted to
receive the waste which Is here Gre
mated. BY this system no odors are
allowed to escape during the process
Of incineration. Tho arrows show the
course Of the draft through the in
Generator.
The furnace consists Of a sheet steel
shell. with an outside jacket, and the
necessary draft is admitted through
the space between the JACKET and the
shell. The gases from the container
are drawn by the draft down through
Il pipe at one side of the incinerator
and fed to the bottom Of the CRATE;
thence they pass through the fire, aid
ing in maintaining combustion. while
any noxious products that may be
present are consumed. After passing
through the fire the gases thus purified
are taken into the stack and out to
the atmosphere. The furnace is thus
.disinfectcd automatically, and it al
ways remains fresh and clean for the
next incineration of refuse.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11
THE VALUABLE HOG.
Relation Of Pork Production to the
Farm Economy.

Relation Of Pork Production to the
Farm Economy.
Hogs by nature are designed espe-
cially for the consumption Of onccn
trated feeds, such as grain. OF late
years more roughage in the form of
pasture has been utilized. This, how
ever, is only one Of several important
factors. The hog must have the prin-
cipal part to do with the marketing Of
the concentrated foodstuffs and by
products, such as milk and wastes
from the farm. Where milk is pro-
duced in large quantities hogs are al
most essential. except in unusual o
ditions.
Where much corn is grown hogs tit
In we'll. In fact, the hog is a valuable
adjunct i'll the disposition of all the
grains and waste byproducts. How
ever, it must be remembered that
hogs grown in large numbers are not
proportionately SO profitable as when
a smaller number are grown. Many
people have made the mistake Of get
ting overenthusiastic as to the profits
to be realized in pork production and
have attempted far more than they
could efficiently manage, with the re-
suit that prospective profits We're alb
sorbed in expenses and losses. Here.
as elsewhere. success depends Oh good
judgment.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11
EnaIish sIaa Paving Blocks.

Scoria bricks. or Stag paving blocks.
have been manufactured in the Mid
d%lesbrough district Of England for many
years. They are manufactured from
molten Stag from the blast furnaces.
The Stag IS drawn from the furnace
into iron caldrons lined with fire
brick. These are mounted on bogies
for transmission to the brick plant.
The Stag is poured from these CAL
drons into iron molds. These molds
are made with Il hinged bottom and
are mounted on the circumference Of
a circular iron framework. This re-
wolves and allows the molds to be filled
separately. AS the bricks solidify they
are removed and placed in a beehive
oven. where the residual heat anneals
the whole of the brick.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11
Fast Time on the Rail.

\ Er iy.'v oE locomotive urcd by
the lr .; s"Nl;il railroad. designed to
between Camden and Atlantic City to
fifty minutes. recently covered foul
and one-hai:f miles in two and one-half
minutes be. ween Egg Harbor and Alb.
secGn. a rate Of 1OS miles an hour. The
train it hauled was made up Of twelve
heavy steel cars. The new engine ap-
pears to be bearing out the claims OF
traffic managers that the 6fty-seven
miles from Camden to the shore can
lie made in fifty minutes instead OF
f!fty.siX minutes in perfect safety.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11
Deadly War Missiles.

Two deadly missiles for use with the
new British short service rifle are
shown herewith. They are the shrap-
mel grenade, which is fixed to this RI
fe more easily than a bayonet, and
the rife shell, which can. be sent a
quarter Of a mile carrying an explosive
charge.
The shrapnel grenade Shown in the
top picture) weighs 1 pound Gh ounces.
1t is more easily fixed to the rifle than
is a bayonet. A pull Of forty pounds is
necessary to release the grip of the
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11
NEW CONSUMPTION CURE.
vanadium Said to Overcome Tubercu-
Iosis and Other MaIadies.

Professor Nacisse Alfred Helovis.
the noted French scientist. who re.
Gently arrived in New York. will DEM
onstrate to physicians of this
try that he can cure tuberculosis, To-
comotor ataxia and other diseases aris-
ing from bacterial infection and de-
fective nutrition. The professor has
established headquarters at Cambridge
Springs. Pa, where lie will receive
physicians from all parts Of the Unit
ed States and Canada, showing them
in actual practice the results which
he and other investigators have been
securing III Paris. London, Berlin and
other parts of Europe from the treat
ment, the basis of which is the rare
element vanadium.
In an interview lie said: "I'Or half
a century the value of vanadium as
an alloy fn metals has been known to
scientific men all owe the world. 1t
was through my Investigations in
metallurgy that l discovered the prop
critics Of vanadium in relation to oxy-
gen gas. In tuberculosis the tissues
are attacked by the harmful bacteria.
which not only eat them away, but
throw into the system their highly
poisonous toxin. By administering
vanadium compounds free oxygen is
released. which kills the poisons and
their causes and permits the blood to
perform its normal functions in the
growth and repair Of the body. The
venadium compound rebuilds corpus
cles and thus forms the basis of cure
for any wasting diseases. In the vans
dunn treatment we simply Join hands
with nature"
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11
YERBA MATE TEA
Favor;ts Beverage Of the People OF
Paraguay.

Favor;ts Beverage Of the People OF
Paraguay.
Yerba mate or Paraguay tea Is the
daily household beverage OF the
masses Of Paraguay. aud it is con-
sumed to a great extent also In Brazil
and Argentina. 1t has been introduced
into Europe. where its use is increas-
ing.
The tea is the product Of a plant be-
longing 10 the species ilex OF the Fam
lily Of i~lacaceas. related to the Hex
aquifelium. an evergreen shrub or
small tree we'll known in western Eu.
rope. The leaves Of this plant are care
fully toasted ear the place where they
are gathered, all the skill required in
producing the tea being applied In the
process Of toasting. This is necessary
in order to dry the leaves thoroughly
and evenly without scorching or at
fecting their favor by smoke. After
toasting the leaves are sent to the
mill, where they are ground to fine
powder and packed solidly into bags
for market. There is no sorting, grad
ing, cleaning, nor are any means taken
to rid the product of impurities or for
eign matter.
The tea is prepared for drinking in
the same manner as ordinary tea and
may be taken with sugar, cream lem
on or brandy. The universal custom
If drinking it is by sucking it through
bombillas from mate cups. A bombilla
is a tube, which may be Of the sim
plicity of a mere pipestem or an elabo'
rately decorated silver OF silver mount
ed work of art. Mate cups vary in
style from a simple little gourd to in.
teresting specimens of local crafts
manship in silver. 1t is the custom to
use a single mate cup, with its one
bombilla, for an entire household, in.
Guiding all the visitors who may hap.
pen to be present, among whom it is
passed like a pipe Of peace. To refuse
to partake would be a breach of eti-
quette. The tea is said to be disagree,
able at first, but it is readily adopted
as a habit when the taste is nee &C.
qufred.-Consular Report.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11
F;ndina r.mperatur. Of Stars.

By aid of an apparatus devised by
Professor Charles Nordmann the heat
of the suns which we know as fixed
stars can be tod by a comparison Of
their spectra. The highest tempera-
ture so far found Is in n of the
smaller stars of the constellation Tau
rus. which shows $1,000 degrees. The
temperature of our sun Is less than
on%e-seventh Of this. being only 9.6O8
the electric furnace Ia only G.!hN de-
grees. Many Of the stars are very
much hotter than our sun.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11
ThymoI and Stomach Worms In Sheep.

Thyn1ol and Stomach worms TN SneeP.
Some time ago Joseph f.. Wig sug.
gestesl thymol, a drug that is used ex-
tensivrly and successfully in treating
humai. subjects for hookworm. as a
possible remedy for stomach worms in
sheep, writes N. S. Mayo in the Breed
er's Gazette. The same thought had
occurred TO me, and preparations had
been made to test 1t, but & satisfac-
tory opportunity did not occur until
recently.
The feces Of a lamb were examined
:;"l eggs Of the stomach worm found.
The lamb was given Il purge Of salts.
followed by the thymol in gelatin cap
sules. Following the thymol another
purge Of salts was given. Doses OF
nine to fifteen grains were given. but
without results. Following the thy
mol treatment the same lamb was
given "a dose Of gasoline, that caused
many stomach worms to be expelled
in the feces. From this limited trial
it does not appear to be a satisfactory
treatment for stomach worms in lambs.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11

sHRAPNEL GRENADE AND RIFLE SHE'LL.
grenade. so it cannot fall away from
the rife. The rife shell (shown in the
lower picture) weighs l pound 1Ok
ounces and, except for its shape, re-
sembles the shrapnel grenade. Either
p~rojectile can be fred from fifty yards
to a quarter Of a mile. the distance
being regulated by the elevation of
the rife, and either can be thrown by
hand for close quarter fighting. From
the top Of the %projectile to the end of
the portion of rifle shown is twelve
inches.
In a recent test by the British war
office with the rifle shell the force Of
the explosion drove the pieces through
FIVE inches of deal board. On another
occasion the explosion Of a rife shell
lifted Il half ton iron plate placed over
the pit a foot in the air. The explo-
sive charge weighs four ounces.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11
Tes.i.- g Hardness Of Brass.

The us.. u! a. rdness testing devices
on rolled ltr:S is referred to by tho
Brass Word, !.",Ss Is rolled in many
different "temit"r>." Usually. when Il
sample Of sheet brass is sent in so
that ~ nrt."r to- E'r filed may match
it. hrlldilg ar S,srn: lin. is rrSur:.d to
to G.:, rEliEs its t.i:'i,er. the r"s":t Of
ten being Only 8. III * The ituiNcss
:c>:i:in mc;.hais u>,h with >s,ni are
bc:.:n.!E:' lT he eni''"Srd fni tr,ss,
but t!m. ;,li.i:y tn dr,.""'inr til tenn.
per" M !, s""''r 81 l:...:Ss is ut vet
well rtrO:Ei:tl
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11
OIL FOR NAVAL SHIPS.
Advantages Of Liquid Fuel Over Coal
Are Numerous,

"
The fact that the United States navy
has begun to purchase fuel oil by con-
tract and is preparing to establish
storage depots from which naval YES
sells may regularly ill their tanks
proves how thoroughly satisfied the
authorities are with the careful tests
which they have been making for
many years past. says the Scientific
American. AS compared with coal
fuel oil shows the following adyan-
tages: 1t possesses a greater evnpOra-
tive efficiency y coal Of about II
to 0. and its use not only gets rid Of
the problem Of dirty and clinkered
fires and the always troublesome dis
posai Of the ashes. but renders possible
q great reduction In the fire room
force. 1t avoids the great labor and
Inconvenience attending the coaling of
ships. the manual labor for which
work is practically eliminated. The oil
can be piped into the double bottom
Of the ship and utilized in compart-
ments which at present serve III useful
purpose. In proportion rs a large sup
ply of oil is carried and the coal supply
reduced the considerable amount Of
space now occupied by coal bunkers is
rendered available for other purposes.
With the use of fuel oil it becomes
possible to make sudden variations in
the power developed by the boilers and
to change rapidly from cruising to full
power speed. The control Of combus-
ton is practically absolute. 1t being
possible with oil fuel to admit exactly
the desired proportions Of air for the
best results. Firing with oil fuel in
sures a longer life to the boiler, and
particularly does it reduce repairs on
the tube sheets. for there is no neces-
sity for the opening and shutting Of
furnace doors. with the resulting sud-
den variations of temperature in the
f1reboX.
Considered from the standpoint of
the strategist. oil fuel is of inestimable
advantage. for it becomes possible, ex-
cept when the boilers are being very
hard pushed. to eliminate smoke and
so get rid of one of the most telltale
evidences of the location Of a feet.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11
oxford Down sheep L widely
distributed in this country and Cam
ada. They are the largest aud
heaviest Of the Down breeds.

will do until Il good foster mother is
found or until the mother W begins
IT, let down milk freely.
Young lambs are very liable to get
chilled. When this occurs Il bath of
water as hot us the hand will bear it
should be given ut oncc. succeeded by
q thorough drying and hand rubbing.
Some warm milk with Il little spirits
should be given and the lamb wrap
ped up in an old blanket and laid in
front Of the fire in the hut.
Constipation is also Il common trou-
BILE with young lambs. The best rem
edy for this is injections with a Sy-
ringe OF warm milk or warn water
cruel.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11
Charcoal For Cows.

DO not oppose the cows appetite.
She knows what it takes to make a
balanced ration better than any feed
ing standard. If she does not like
bran and corn give oats and corn. If
she is tired Of fodder by all means try
a little clover hay. 4 mixture OF salt.
two parts, and ashes. one part. should
lie put in the sailing box at least once
each week. The ashes should be rich
in charcoal. The COWS require a great
deal of charcoal and annot do their
best without It.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11
REFUSE l%ucINEIAToR.
Sanitary Furnace That Completely
Destroys Waste Matter.

Destroys Waste Matter.
One Of the most perplexing problems
of sanitation is the disposal Of refuse
Of all kinds in places where sewerage
10 not available. Numerous systems,
such as filtration, chemical dissolution,
cesspools, etc, have been tried out ex-
tensively with but problematical re-
suits, and the undisputed fact remains
that fire is the only reliable agent for
the complete and sanitary destruction
Of all waste matter. The accompany
ipg engraving illustrates a device that
ifas been adopted by the United States
government for use in army camps.
The illustration shows the device
partly broken away, SO that the in
terior construction may be under
stood. The device consists in reality
of u furnace. In which is placed q
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11
Preparing For Winter.

1t is a good time now to get
ready for next years corr crop.
Saving good seed is laying the
first stone IN the wall Of uc-
crSS.
Take the best ears--not nee
essarily the largest, although g,
thos.. are to be desired if they
are perfect. a nice, trim, we'll
shaped ear. with rows all as
straight as a knitting needle and
tipped out nicely. will fill the
bill.
Still another fall job is to hus-
tie up tie lew buildings we
have under way Of fix up the old
ones the best we can for win,
ter. We can always do this bet
ter and get more comfort out Of
it il we are not crowded by cold
winds and Tn" thought that
winter is right at our heels.
See to it also that the calves
and young stock are getting to
be In good trim for the long cold
weather just ahead. They will
grow faster NOW OF the same
amount of feed than they will
later after the cold begins to
pinch pretty hard. TEN flesh
and bone cost quite a I'.nd deal
mOre.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11
Constellation In Hogs.

All thrift in hogs ceases when con-
stipation is present. Indeed. it may
lead to diarrhea because of the dry
and inaamed condition Of the lining Of
the intestines. As treatment with
hold all dry foods, give plenty OF
drinking water and a sloppy diet.
Sometimes exercise is needed and q
dose Of castor oil.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11
Root. Far Cattle.

Raw cabbage makes an excellent
feed for cattle. but it cannot be safely
fed to horses. Mangels. carrots. bects
and turnips will, however. be "und
good for both horses and cattle II fell
raw. They are named here iii order
Of their value.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11

HUT WITT METER EQUIPMENT.
weighing a small quantity of coal
passing through the chute. and, count.
ing the revolutions Of the meter. 1t is
possible to adjust the counter to regis
ter in tons. hundredweights or other
units, as desired. The chute. however,
must constantly remain filed with
coal SO that the vanes are always en-.
tirely submerged.
The apparatus can also be used for
measuring grain in elevators and for
other products handled through pipes
or chuteS.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11
p,,tha of IA. css--,

1t is rel o,:..f shat III, G",t,~' .,~nan
soEGdir" W corded has !. .r made
ty 'hc BE-: y S:".a:"r Penr''''' s".rtng
q ,wi!:,p liz th" Pacific 4 F".h Of
49,. f"'h"'9s ""s found A,ween
Az ;..:.,:d ::;;.: he '!roa;:::N archipelago.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1910-11-11
Auco Russian Fere.ts.

Four adjoining governments Of Ell.
rois":n I,:::s~ia. Of Il combined nrca
about seventeen times the size of the
state Of Ohio. r almost completely
covered with timber, the greatest por-
tinn of which never has been explored
by liviljxed man. J.