The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1910-04-19

SECOND ARTICLE

q industrial population in the United
States. In the seven Year, ended June N.
ipJ9, e.sl7iS5 immigrants landed here
a number exceeding by upward Of .
million the entire population ~ the New
England States In Is"O. aud ~ nearly =
million the total population Of North and
south Dakota. Nebraska. California. Ore
gon. Washington. Idaho. Nevada. Arizona.
New Mexico. Utah. Colorado. Wyoming
and Montana.
In 1870 the farming population COM
prised T7.a per cent. Of the total popula-
ton Of the United States: in iSsO. u.S
per cent: in IsoO. ST. pr cont. and In
ISDO. 49, per cent. The forthcoming
census will unque~tionably show . still
further relative decrease. for the irnmi-
grafton since 100 has gnns mainly Co swell
the industrial population.
Industrial ESDAa~ssa amt the s,Asssara ss
I1Vtmg.
II might be urged that Q transfer 81
population from one country 90 another
would not Affect the worlds demand for
food and clothing. This. however. would
hs an erroneous conclusion. The ma
jodty 81 our r~csnt immiRrAnts have
hesn recruited from the surplus peasant
population % the industrially backward
and impoverished countries 10 southern
and enstsrn Europe. The relatively high
wAees that have attractedthem have added
immensely 10 their purchasing power.
Not only have they changed their stand
ards Of living here. but directly and ;ndi-
rectly in . variety Of ways they hive modi-
h~d the standard % living in their native
countries. Indeed. the revivifying in
hnencs % the emigration % America h
felt now in southern EuroUr. notably
Italy. a. IL was felt q generation ago in the
north Of Europe. Thus in q recent hook on
The Immigrant Tide. nv DR.. Edward A.
Steiner. the fact IL brought out that in tn.
-emigrant districts' Of Austria Hungary
and Russian Poland tne-th~r the peasant
proprietorship OF land increased i5S per
cent. in the four years between IesO and
1873. In three districts Of Russian Poland
the peasants bought in those four years
iasos acres Of farm land. This 81 course
means that both money and improved
agricultural methods were brought hack
from America.
The Industrial nations Of northern
EUROPE. even including the new made
kingdom Of Norway. where industry has
- HSthl~uupAe lNNiHNtNN NiNONkl
IN. generation of electricity by winter
power. show the same general tendencies
an America a relative decline Of the farm
ing population coupled with a higher
standard % living. Indeed. in Germany
the farming population hAt declined Rh~o-
lutsly a. we'll a. relatively The Agricui-
tural population there declined from
- so sis in Iss7 20 IL sSi nj in 'soS while
the industrial population ros~ from Sos. .
90 20 7O.7Ss.2H. In the lAst FIVE years
for which statistics are available Ger
mAny's total population rose t.Ooo.OOO
! The exhaustive reports % the General
Commission Of German Trades issued
last year prove that the rise in wages
has not been neutTalisst by higher prices
German workmen live in better appointed
dwellings and enjoy food and small com
forts % a better quality than they did
before the rise began.
Hasae CsasumUsIsn s6 FOeslssuKs IN the
United stat~-.
Under the combined influence % a rela-
tive Increase % industrial population and
a higher standard Of living the United
states ~ c~asing 20 be the granary -
western Europe. az may Ia inferred from
the falling "a I'm exports % both raw
materials and foodstuff- More than
one-hah of last years exports had under
gone a process % manufacture before
leaving the country The estimate for
the wear shows seas OO 00 81 manufaC-
lures ready for consumption. t2tS Opo 81
/ Of MANUFACTURES for further uae in manu-
factur-. and q foDdstuffs partly or wholly
manufactured t2D OO.GsD The total 81
! th@-a three Glasses formed IS per cent 81
1 the Aggregate exports Of the year
The value % exports q raw MATERIAL
- estimated at SsIs Oso On. and that 81
crude fuOdstuhs At nIS CD go In both
CLASSES q foOdstufs the total for the year
vas lower than at any other time IN The
la-t ten years while On the other hand raw
materials for u-s m man ufacturing show
a larger total in value than in any earlier
wear. owing mainly to abnornaly high
prices for cotton
our imports msanwhils were the h Oh
e-t On record. except IN 1877. hut th. IN 10
cr.as. occurred chiefly IN manufacturer
materials.
Under the circumstances u IL impossible
20 avoid the conclusion that tn, rIss. m
prices IN the United States must h. As
crlhed very largely TO an increased home
,ie. In. hom. demand has Ov-rtak-n
the supply For upward of a generation
however. the United States has furnishes
the industrial nations Of Europ- with
] foodstuT- and raw materials. and a rise
81 commodity prices here would 10 in
.vitahIy reflected IN the worlds markets
| Corporations and Gr-SsI INnaiIsn.
A notable circumstance during IN.
period 81 rising prices WAS the multiph
cation % incorporated COMPANIES. in
GLIDING trusts According 20 the Census
u MANUFACTURES % 1875 incorporated
companies produced III per cent % tbs.
total value Of the factory output IN tbs.
United States.
The corporation has many advantages
over Individual and part nsrshi 9 concerns
| Perhaps the most important n that it can
enlarge it, volume Of bus hess and eOnss-
a,Iently lie earnings more readily by the
Use Of credit.
By way % illustrating the effect OF
credit on earnings let IN assume that a
plant costing SiOO. OOO and owned free and
clear earns sIO.OnO year. In thia case