The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1910-09-14

ton OF 100000 Inhabitants.
The rate of increase has been
close to five per cent. from year to
year, and promises 10 raise above
this owing to circumstances that are
naturally and artificially advanta-
geous. This growth of the city is
high as compared to other important
cities of both Europe and America,
SURPRISING even every city in the
United States except Chicago. The
reasons for this increase can be
traced to three causes. The first Is
the steady stream of immigration
which flows from other countries to-
ward the River Platte; in 1907 329 ,122
individuals landed at the port; of
these 209,113 were immigrants arriv-
ing for settlement within the coun-
try.
The nationality of these embryo cit
izens is of great interest: Italy and
Spain send the largest proportion, but
Russia, Syria, France, Astralia. Ger
many, Great Britain and Portugal
each send over 1000; every country
in Europe offers some contribution, all
divisions of Africa and many of the
Latin-American republics are repre-
scented, while North America, China
and Japan and Africa help to swell
the total. Not all of these immigrants
become residents of Buenos Aires,
some going further into the interior,
and measurable proportion re-
turning to their oversea homes (of
course this does not imply that the
same individuals come and go, but
immigration usually surpasses emigra-
ton by certain fairly accurate fig
ures); the result, however, is that up
: ward of 100000 immigrants are added
each ear in the population.
The Birth Rate High.
The second cause is the high birth
rate enjoyed by Buenos Aires, for sew
eral years this has been steadily
maintained at close to 35 per 1000
This is twice as high as that of
Paris, half again as high as that of
London, higher than that of New
York, and surpassed by the birth rate
of Nuremberg. Germany, only. The
chief cause is the low death rate of
the city in which respect it compares
very favorably with all the cities of
the civilized world, being lower than
that Of Paris and New York, and
higher than that of London, Edinburg,
Berlin and Hamburg. The results in
the reduction of the death rate are
due Enthusiastically to the great prog
ress made by the municipality of Bue-
nos Aires in all details of improving
the hygiene of the city.
Buenos Aires is both a municipality
and the capital of the Argentine re-
public, and as such has an organiza-
tion as a city as well as an intimate
connection with the federal govern
ment. The latter association is main
tained by means of an official called
the intendente (municipaD, who is ap-
pointed by the president (poder ejecu-
tivo) of the republic, subject to the
approval of the national senate, for a
term of four years, and who receives
a salary. He performs to a great de-
gree the function of mayor in any
North American city, and is to
large extent amenable to the rules of
the deliberate council. Through him
municipal matters are presented to
the national assembly whenever nec-
essary, and he likewise, as representa-
tive of the nation, is empowered, act
ing thus through the minister of the
interior, to present to the municipali-
ty whatever business has originated
in congress. Other manifestations of
this dual character of the city are to
be found In the direction of the police
and fire departments, which are under
the control Of, and the expense of
which are met by, the federal govern
meat. Certain factors of the educa-
tional system, and likewise the sani-
tary regulations of the city, carried
out by means of national depart
ment Of hygiene and municipal de-