davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15
WOOL GROWERS
Annual Meeting to be Held in OF.
tumwa Next Week.

The breeders of sheep from all over
Iowa will gather at Ottumwa Tues
day, December 20. to attend the an
nual meeting of the Iowa Sheep
Breeders and Wool Growers Asso-
citation. Morning, afternoon and
evening sessions will be held. The
sheep breeders will petition the Iowa
legislators to enact laws for the bet.
ter protection of sheep from dogs,
and they will also urge the legisla-
ture to place higher bounty on
wolf scalps, as the depredations of
these animals is largely on the in.
crease in Iowa. In their petition for
protection of sheep, they will ask for
law providing that all dogs be con-
strained or properly muzzled from
sunset to sunrise. The officers of the
association are: President, c. w.
Moore, of Cedar; vice president, A. j.
Blakely, of Grinneil, S. H. Lamis, of
Eddyville, and Elias Heckart, of
Douds-Leando; secretary, V. G. War
ner, of Bloomfield; treasurer, G. w.
France, of Oskaloosa.
The program for the convention
follows:
Morning Session.
10: 00-Address of welcome. Morris
Williams. of Ottumwa.
Presidents address, c. w. Moore,
of Cedar.
Minutes of previous meeting.
Treasurer's report.
l1:O0-"Proper Care to Develop the
Lamb" Basil Davis, of Wapello
county.
"The Best Sheep" by; Ellis Rail,
University of Nebraska, Lincoln,
Neb.
Feeding Lambs; Experience"
NJ. E. Downey, of Iowa.
Proper Care and Feed for
Ewes" M. E. Votaw, Of Fremont.
Errors in Sheep Breeding and
Feeding" Howard Chamber, Of
Charlton.
Afternoon Session.
/: O0-"Experiments on Feeds for
Sheep" Prof. w. ]. Kennedy,
vice director of experiment sta
tion of Ames, la.
2:OO-"She Industry of Iowa Com
pared With that of the East and
West" Live Stock Artist, A. l..
Webster, Chicago, Ill.
3:00-"Needs of Our Association" A.
J. Blakely.
Boosters for the Sheep Business.
Vote on resolution.
4:00-Election of officers.
Evening Session.
v Dogs VS.. Sheep" w. S, Merritt,
of Seymour. rs.
why I Breed Sheep" ]. F. War.
ner, of Bloomfield.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15
Machinery For Dam.

Keokuk, Ia, Dec. 12.-Special: A
big consignment of machinery, twelve
or fifteen car loads, is on the way
here from the east for use on the
water power work 1t includes
pumps, boilers, engines and some 9TH
er equipment and is expected here
within very few days. The force
of carpenters on the IOWA side OF the
river are about completing each day
one bunk house, which will accommo-
date sixteen men. AS soon as sutfi-
cient number are done they will be
filled with laborers who will com.
mence work on construction.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15
seyenty.five boys present.

y Seyenty-nVe boys present. ,
The Conference proved successful
in every way. The number of dele
gates registered was more than thu
, expectations of those connected will
| the Conference. the number beinl
I152. The Conference will be helt
again next year and will be larger
than this year. The plan will, also
be different. The younger boys viii
have special meetings of their own
while the young men will be sepa
'lr,te body. t@ .E
| Saturday Afternoon Session.
At 2 o'clock thirty-five boys gave
an exhibition and demonstration in
the Gym of what the association is
trying to do physically for the. boys
of the city. Many of the parents OF
the boys were present and enjoyed
the exhibition. The regular Gym
work was gone through and games
wero played. $40.
Saturday Evening.
! The Ideal social affair Saturday ev-
ening proved great success. The
Recreation Committee, with Clyde
Williams as chairman had charge of
the social affair and they did them
selves justice in having such an ex-
cellent program prepared. Music
was furnished by Victrola, it being
furnished by the T. X. Smith Jewelry
House. Many different contests were
held during the evening, The most
amusing contest held was the cracker
relay. Two teams with seven boys
each contested. The boys stood fac
ing each other and each one was CIV
en- large cracker. At the sound of
the whistle the first boy on each
side started to eat his cracker. After
finishing he must whistle, and the
one next him starts, and the side
that disposes of their crackers first,
wins. 1t looked more like a sham
battle than a cracker relay. The
boys in trying to whistle would COW
er his opponent with crackers. The
crowd was kept in a continuous up
roar throughout the contest.
The Y. M. C. A. Quartette composed
of Pat Barnhart, Dwight Abrams, w.
D. Wright and B. B. Hauser rendered
some beautiful selections and re-
sponded to many encores.
Joe Zalusky as THE Hindoo Medi-
cine Man" amused the audience for
fifteen minutes with his sleight of
hand tricks and posing as a side
show "crier."
The Conference song entitled II
Will Answer With the Best That is
in Me" was sung before the dismiss
al of the session. Refreshments were
served.
Sunday Afternoon.
The Conference closed with the big
mass meeting for boys. NJ. H. Bick.
man of Ames addressed the boys on
the subject, "Impelling Ideas" There
were seventy-five boys present and
The speaker held their attention
throughout his speech. DR.. Tony
sang a beautiful solo before the dis.
missal of the meeting.
The interest taken by the boys
the Conference was more
han expected. The attendance was
good at every session. The officers
If the Conference are very grateful
% the speakers who rendered their
services during the meetings.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15
New Churches Dedicated.

Jessup. Dec 12.-Special The new
Presbyterian church occupying the
site of the building burned last year
was dedicated here Sunday. DIR. c.
H. Purmort, Of Des Moines. had
charge. The sum of $1,400 was rails.
ed to clear the church of debt.
Cedar Falls, Dec. 12.-Special: The
new First Presbyterian church was
dedicated here yesterday. Job Pow
ell, of New York, gave the address
The sum of $4,000 was raised and
the forty thousand dollar property
was dedicated free OF debt.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15
'EDDYV|LLE ACTIONS
BOX SUPPER AT THE BROWN
SCHOOL HOUSE MELTED $35-
THE HOME OF CHAS. REMNANT
BURNED TO THE GROUND.

Byron Sewers, of Oskaloosa, trans.
acted business in Eddyville Satur-
day.
The remains of Mrs. Chas. Brode-
ric, who died at her home in Line
vile Saturday after lingering i'll
ness from paralysis, were brought
to Eddyville Sunday and taken to
the W. p. Broderic home. Mrs. Bro
deric was well known in Eddyville,
having lived here for a number of
years. Her many friends are grieved
to learn of her death. She leaves to
mourn her loss husband and two
sons. The funeral will be held Mon
day p. m. at 2 o'clock from the Bro
deric home. Interment was made in
Highland cemetery.
A box supper was held at the
Brown school house Friday night,
which proved to be great success
financially. One box sold for $500
and all were accordingly we'll sold.
They realized $35 from the sale of
boxes, which will be used for school
purposes. The best looking girl
present was given 5-lb box of bon
bons and Miss Edith Ogden was the
fortunate young lady to win the
prize.
Mrs. Emma Saville is in Enter
prise this week, the guest of her
niece, Mrs. Martin Dougall.
VIM. Cowden is quite sick this
week suffering with rheumatism.
Friends of Mr.. and Mrs. R. thinner
man in Eddyville regret to learn of
the death of their infant daughter,
which occurred recently at their
home in Los Angeles.
Mrs. D. o. Clapp, of Abba, is Wis
iting relatives in Eddyville.
Union services were held in the
Congregational church Sunday morn
ing and in the M. E. church Sunday
evening. Mr.. Wright, of Des Moines
secretary of the anti-saloon league,
spoke at both meetings.
Mrs. C. l.. Funk, who has been
visiting her daughter at Sapulpa,
Oklahoma, returned to her home in
Eddyville Saturday.
Henry Criswell came down from
Oskaloosa Saturday and visited with
his mother, Mrs. NJ. j. Criswell.
S. B. Bay, who has been visiting in
Eddyville the past week, left Monday
for Humeston for a short visit with
relatives. From there ne viii re-
turn to his home at Morris, Okla.
Mrs. Mamie Garfield came up
from Ottumwa and spent Sunday
with her mother, Mrs. F. V. Dunkle.
Miss Doris Carson, who is attend
ing business college in Ottumwa,
visited her friends in Eddyville Sat
urday.
Mrs. NJ. Bescoe, who has been i'll
at the home of her daughter, Mrs.
Alice Moore, near Fredepe, was TAX
Ell to the home of her daughter, Mrs.
John Barnett, living on Sandridge,
Sunday.
About II o'clock Monday morning
the Turner house, occupied by the
Chas. Tenant family, caught fire and
burned to the ground. The fire is
thought to have originated from
defective flue. Most of the house
hold goods in the first story were
saved, while those in the second
story were completely destroyed. Mr..
Tenant and family moved into the
property owned by Mrs. Pearl Hall.
Mrs. Frank belong, who has been
visiting relatives in Minneapolis for
the past month, returned to her home
in Eddyville Saturday.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15
Help the Army.

Help the Salvation Army people in
their effort to give the poor children
Of the city Christmas treat. The
contribution funds are placed in all
prominent places in the city and your
niekels, your dimes and your quar-
tiers dropped into the same will be APP
lpreciated.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15
Found Baby at His Door.

Mason City, Dec. Especial:
This morning at 600 o'clock when
Manus Campbell arose, found on his
door step baby boy, seemingly a
few days old. Between three and
four o'clock this morning a loud
knocking was heard at the door OF
the home, but no attention was paid
and the knocking was repeated. The
night Waterman stated he saw an
automobile hurrying through town
about that time. The child was
warmly wrapped and did not suffer
from the exposure.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15
20 UNDER TREATMENT
Report of Oskaloosa Hospital For
. Month of November.

The report of the Oskaloosa Hos.
pital for November was made to the
Board of Management in their month.
ly meeting at the Oskaloosa National
Bank Monday evening. 1t indicates
a good months work and is as fol,
lows:
Number of patients held over
from last month minimum. Z
Number of patients admitted dur
ing month IL
Number of patients discharged
during month ............ IL
Number of patients treated dur
ing month NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. 70
Number of females treated dur
ing month Observation-Disclosures. IL
Number of males treated during
HlOHtH
Number of surgical cases treated
during month .............. IL
Number of medical cases treated
during month ................
Number of obstetrical cases
lIedlSu uuIlLS HlOltH l
Number of births during month.
Total number admitted since OPP
ening of hospital ............. 46f
Respectfully submitted,
Rosetta Minor, Supt.
.En Donations For Month. al
Mrs. Simon Dewhirst, " doz. Ma
son jars. 4 es ag F e@
Mrs. Bert McQuiston, " doz. Mason
jars.
Mrs. Aiken, / at. canned peaches.
Mrs. Jas. McLandsborough, 2
spring chickens.
Mrs. Doll, old linen.
Mrs. J. M. Allgood. pfc pumpkin
glass jelly. / at. tomatoes, old linen
A Friend, at. picked peaches.
Mr.. McGregor, / back rest.
Mr.. and Mrs Jno DeRooi OTIS
pickles, glasses jam. 1 glass jelly.
A Friend, chickens
Andrew Brummel, Leighton, two
chickens.
Mrs. Jessie Tennis, bath cabinet
and rubber air cushion
Mrs. Ferrall, 3 OTIS. tomatoes, qts
fruit. 2 glasses jam.
Thos. Hackley, l goose, squash.
Mrs. r. II. Dusenbery, A OTIS. fruit
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15
EMPLOYEES ASK
RAISE IN RATES
0ttumwa Lad QuarreIs With His
Sweetheart and Drinks Acid.
MACHINERY FOR kEOKUK DAM
Telephone Rates VIII be Higher at
FairfieId-Jasper County Medics
to Meet - Interurban Line
Will Change Route.

Des Moines, Dec. 12.-Special: A
long petition signed by employees OF
the c. G N. w. Ry. and Illinois Cen.
trail Ry. was filed with the railroad
commissioners today asking that
freight rates be raised in Iowa. The
petition came from a number of
prominent towns in the state. The
petitions are part of the work of
the employees in the campaign to in
crease the freight rates in Iowa.
They have nothing to do with the in.
terstate rates.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15
ottumwa Younq Man Suicides.

Ottumwa, Dec. 12.-Special: With
the words Good bye kid" to his sis.
ter Emma after he had told her to
read note that was in his pocket,
Harry Bloom, aged 20, drank a half
ounce of carbolic acid at his home in
South Ottumwa early Sunday morn.
ing and died an hour later. Bloom
had had a slight Misunderstanding
with his sweetheart, Miss Gladys
Frafaghan and this is believed to
have been the motive of his rash act.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15
WHY QUAIL ARESCARCE
A Burlington Man Says the Cooper
Hawk Destroys Them.

/ II. Heaton, a Des Moines county
farmer, says in the Burlington Hawk
Eye:
/ The report that few quail are
found by the hunters is no doubt
true. The unusually dry season
would lead one to expect larger mum
bers than usual to have been Matched
and reared. .:
We hear no Bob White these days
| for some reason. / don't think the
hunters have exterminated them
but exterminated they seem to be-
Yesterday in hunting for my
horses in the freshly husked corn
field l came on small bevy of six
closely hid in dense growth OF
grass in the middle Oh the field. Upon
being discovered they flew right and
left without hardly any cry of alarm,
as if they wished to escape observa-
ton
asked the young man who husk-
ed the corn if he knew of any quail,
and, on his own large farm and in
the woods about, he had seen nor
heard any only this small number in
my field. s.-A,.-a,rs .c+........
In neighbours field, not far from
my house, l heard bevy of quail a
week ago, utter their cry of alarm;
again, since then l heard the same
cry, and, looking that way, saw a
Cooper's hawk sweeping over the
field, but when it had come nearer to
me, it turned back as if to secure a
quail for it's dinner.
l believe this is the solution of the
mystery of what has become of the
quail.
One Cooper's hawk can easily con-
sumo two quail day and as their
depredations seem to go wider afield
after their young are reared in July,
we may estimate that in August,
September and October, a Cooper's
hawk will easily destroy sixty quail.
Long before this number has been
killed, the remaining birds will be so
terrorized that every note of happi-
ness will be stilled and only the wild
cry of the victim of another slaugh-
tering onrush will be heard.
1t is almost impossible to get a
shot at a Cooper's hawk, but every
man with a gun should be awake to
the possibility of seeing one, and
never fail to try shot, far or near.
Farmers who raise poultry could
afford to give a reward of ten dollars
for every one of these Unsuitable
marauders of their yards. The IL
cense money paid by hunters could
not be more profitably spent than to
offer ten dollars of it for every
Cooper's or Sharp-shins hawk that is
brought to the county auditors Of
fee.
There is no escaping these two
hawks. They fly low, below the tree
tops; they never strike until they
have closely marked their quarry
and escape is impossible for the vic
tim. Once last autumn my sister
was feeding the young fowls near the
kitchen door and one of these hawks
swoped down only few yards from
her feet and bore off without hating
in it's fight, a chicken almost large
enough to fry.
Never, until the last two or three
years were these hawks so destruc.
tive and l fancy that through some
unknown condition favorable to their
multiplication there are many more
of them than formerly.
If this is true, we may bid farewell
to the quail, as we have bid farewell
to the wild pigeon.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15
shop Early.

People who can should do their
holiday trading at the earliest posi-.
BILE date in order to give to those
whose means does not arrive until a
short time before Christmas and who
must necessarily be in the shops
trading the last week before Christ
mas
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15
sprains Her Wrist.

Mrs. Dave Gunnell Monday in an
accident at her home, No. 416 Sec
ond avenue west. fell in such a way
as to cause bad and painful fracture
OF wrist. The hurt is OF compli-
Gated character and may cause the
patient considerable trouble.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15
Iowa Appointments.

Washington, ID. c., Dec. 12.-Spe.
cial: The president today sent to the
senate the following names for post
masters in Iowa: Robert B. Oldham
OF Greenfield; Harry d. Clinton of
Russell; r. Newton OF Anita, and
John c. Foster OF Hedrick
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15
Ice Bridge.

The Burlington Hawk-Eye says
that people there are daily crossing
the ice bridge which has formed at
that place over the Mississippi. The
frozen mass will not hold teams, how.
ever. The skating Kinks have been
laid out in front of the city and ice
dealers in Burlington have their eyes
on some good ice, and the harvest
will commence shortly.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15
NEEDLES TO Meet.

Newton, Ia, Dec. Especial: The
Jasper County Medical Society will
hold a meeting at Colfax Thursday,
Dec. Is, beginning at 1870 p. m. A
fine program has been arranged and
the election of officers will be held
at that time.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15
Telephone Rates Higher.

Fairfield, Ia, Dec.12.-Special: Sub
scribers of the Jefferson County Tele-
phone company have been notified
that beginning with next month rates
on both business and residence tele-
phones will be increased.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15
Editors Home DESTROYED.

Marshalltown, Dec. 12.-Special:
Overheated furnaces are the cause of
large number of fires in this town
during the past month. Yesterday
afternoon the home of Rodney G.
Wells, city editor of the Times-Re.
publican, was practically destroyed
by fire.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15
p. wora.,.a

He looked into q milliner's shop
window and saw Hats reduced"
Great Scott said he to himself.
what was their original size7"
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15
Iowa Deaths.

Clinton, Dec. Especial: Henry
Nootdarr, a well-known Clinton hard.
ware man, died suddenly at his
home here last night at the age OF
"A years.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15
Pythians in Session.

Ames. Dec. Especial: The an,
nual convention of the 18th district
knights of Pythias is in session here
today,
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15

A large line of Ladies' and Mems
Handkerchiefs at reduced prices.
Bee Hive Going Out of Business Sale.
SSd2-wl
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15
LOSES THREE FINGERS.
Corn Shredder Catches Hand of Jas.
Fortney With Named Result.

James Fortney, engaged in shred
ding corn for Mr.. Moots, residing east
of Lacey, lost three fingers in the
machine Monday afternoon. He was
taken to the Oskaloosa Hospital to
have the injured member dressed.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1910-12-15

Christmas Presents at reduced
prices at Bee Hive Going Out of Bust
ness Sale.
SSd2.w1
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-06-06
THE WEATHER.
Forecast.

For FL Paso and vicinity: Tonight
and Tuesday, fair.
For New Mexico: Tonight and Tues
day, generally fair.
For West Texas: Tonight and Tues
day. generally fair.
River at Ell PaSo: Height of surface
this morning above fixed zero mark,
1875 feet; this date last year, 1913 feet.
Temperature.
Highest temperature at Ell Paso last
q hours, 81 degrees; lowest last -
hours, "a degrees. Observation taken
a. m. Monday)
Mr.. and Mrs. Luther Barnard went
up to CIOudcroft Sunday.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-06-06
THE THIRD DEGREE

"'Tain't my business to consider ev-
idence," snapped the chief. That's
up to the prosecuting attorney"
at will be-" replied the lawyer
sharply. but at present it's up to
you"
"Me?" exclaimed the other in genu-
inc surprise.
Yes" went on Judge Brewster
calmly. 'you were instrumental in OBJ
tanning a confession from him I'm
raising a question as to the truth Of
that confession"
Capt Clinton showed signs of i'm
patience. Struggling his massive
shoulders deprecatingly, he said:
Are we going over all that? What's
the use? A confession is a confession
and that settles it. 1 suppose the doc
tor has been working his pet theory
of on you and it's beginning to
sprout."
Yes" retorted the Judge quickly,
its beginning to sprout, captain"
There was a sudden interruption
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-06-06

reclamation service, was one of the
strongest witnesses for the '-prosecu-
ton" in the Ballinger-P inchot investi-
CATION.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-06-06
MINING AND OIL NEWS.
MINES PAY Bic
DIVIDENDS STILL
Plenty Of Money Distributed
Though Ore Prices Are
Yet Low.
MINING AND OIL NEWS.

Chicago, Ill, June 3.-The Mining
World says that while the past month
did not maintain the dividend achieve
ment of April, due in large part to the
continued unsettled condition of the
metal markets. yet % American mines
and metallurgicaI works were able to
distribute among shareholders, s1,729,-
153, which, included with the 1929, 439
declared by two ies-hoIding cor
porations, makes a total for the month
of S2,55S,592
The continued unsatisfactory condi-
t1on OF the copper metal market had
rather serious effect on companies oper-
atlng copper properties.
The year TO date, however has in
the main, been quite satisfactory for.
during the five months just ended, S27,-
1929 has been paid by 106 American
mines and metallurgical works CThis
does not include the S5,623, S5S paid by
nine ecurities-holding corporations
On the combined issued capitalization of
these loo Comprehensive, 1872 O5S-this
makes return equivalent TO III per-
cent, return duplicated by few other
Industries
Arizona, with its great copper pro-
ducers, ranks third for the year with
$2,l96,292. 1t is also third in point of
total dividends paid. for the six COM
panles contributing to the 1910 tota.
nave since incorporation, paid to share
holders S51,651,43O
OF the $27,71S,25S paid so far in 1910.
by 106 companies. the gold-silver-lead
properties were the largest contribu-
tors, a of these paying s12,513.2sO.
twenty Of the LOG contributing compa-
mes are copper producers and they paid
dividends in 1910 totaling sS,7O4.I66.
The Dividends.
me accompanying table gives the
olFIoehos palo IN May, with the amount
per share:
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1910-06-06
oRIENT ROAD ATTRACTING
ATTENTION TO URIQUE DISTRICT

Dr Carl Bungardt. chief Surgeon of
the vera Cruz and Tehauntepec railway.
Is in Ell Paso en- route to Kansas City
chicago and other eastern points.
Dr. Burngardt has recently acquired
some rich mining claims in the Urioue
district of chihuahua district
that is at present attracting attention
OF mining people because of the fact
that the Orient road is being fast push-
ed into that region, thus opening m
a rich mineral section The country
IS Well watered and timbered and nos
sesses all the necessary advantages for
mining cheaply.
Most OF the veins lie along the walls
OF deep baroness, where the ore can be
taken out by running tunnels into the
mountain side and stopping out from
below thus saving the cost of sinking
shafts besides being in no danger of
flooding from water.