davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13
Tho Galveston Plan.

The recent success Of the sea wall
about Galveston, Tex, in withstanding
the flood that swept in from the gulf
and threatened to destroy the city as
did the famous food Of q few years
ago is not only a u for universal
congratulation, but reflects in a pc
culiar way to the credit of what Is
known as the Galveston plan Of mu-
nicipal government. This plan created
widespread interest in other cities and
has been initiated in greater or less
degree in some Of the smaller cities
and villages. 1t consists in taking the
municipal government entirely out OF
politics, abolishing the usual mayor
and council and placing the different
| departments Of government each in
the hands Of some business man with
complete power and undivided respon-
sibility so far as his own department
is concerned.
The reason for the sweeping change
was that the stricken city had to bor-
row large sums of money to protect
itself from future disasters and want
ed this money spent with economy and
honesty to accomplish the work in
hand. From experience, an experience
unfortunately shared by most Ameri-
can cities, it knew that this would
never to be done under the. old system;
that if government by party bosses
and divided responsibility were allow
ed to remain graft would result. dis
honest contractors would be given the
work Of building the sea wall and that
there would be confusion and waste of
time and money. So the city admins
tration was divided into five depart
ments, as already stated, and at the
head Of each was placed a man of
known efficiency and integrity. The
result has approved the new system in
a striking mannr" md will create still
further interesr III ~ Gal, eston plan.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13
Woman Head Of Chicago schools

A Woman Head Of Chicago Schools
In choosing Mrs. Ella f. Young as
superintendent of the public schools Of
the second largest city Of the country
the Chicago school board has OCCASION
ed more comment than perhaps ever
attended the election Of a school su-
perintendent in the nations history,
1t is significant that most Of the COM
ment has Deer of an approving char
acter. Among the Chicago papers this
fact is in part accounted for by the
popularity and known efficiency OF
Mrs. Young. but in the remainder OF
the country this fact could have had
little or no influence. simply because,
it was unknown, at least outside of
limited school circles. Therefore the
commentator must be ascribed to the
| one consideration that Il woman has
been given this responsible position.
1t is recognized as a logical outcome of
the ever larger part women have taken
as public school teachers.
Mrs. Young is sixty-four years old
and for forty-seven years has been a
teacher. having advanced step by step
from the lowest grade to the. highest.
| Al; Of this time has been spent in Chi
cago. most Of it in the public schools,
but part Of 1t as professor of education
in the University Of Chicago and part
of it as principal Of the Chicago Nor
NAL school. Something Of the charac.s
! ter Of the woman may be judged from
/ the fact that she made up for her
lack of a college education in odd mo.
ments after becoming a teacher and
studied for the degree Of doctor Of.
philosophy. which she received when
forty.fve years old
Women already have been school SUI
perintendents in many western oun-
ties and in a few states, but this ~.
the first time one has been placed at
the head Of the schools OF q great
city. The result Of the new departure
will therefore. be watched with much.
interest.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13
ROOT OF ALL GROWTH.
What the Middle West Knows About
the "pry" Process.

What the Middle West Knows About
the "Dry" Process.
DRY farming" is a misnamed science.
It is a recent discovery and Is being
taught to the new settlers in the mid
die west and in Colorado. To those
who know nothing Of 1t the Idea may
be described as farming by conserv-
ing natural moisture. The new set
tiers learned that there were coptous
rains in the fall. heavy SHOWS IN WIN
ter and rains in the spring again. II
this moisture, which ran of into swol-
len streams with the coming of spring,
could be conserved to the growing
crops the desert might yet be rejuve-
mated, and SO they set to work.
The great farms were plowed ten
and twelve inches deep. They were
narrowed fine in the fall, and the rain
was allowed to settle In the subsoil.
In the spring they were cultivated
again, these 10000 acre farms, and
they were left standing to absorb mois-
ture for a year. with constant cultivat-
ing to help the moisture retention.
The second fall the seed was put in.
and the new rains and snow and
thaws brought out the spring wheat
thicker and greener than ever. But
what of the blistering suns Of sum-
mer? The new farmer prepared fer
them by blanketing his land to keep
the sun from drying out his subsoil.
For this purpose a dust mulch was
spread over all the sowed land. The
rays Of the sun were reflected by 1t
and underneath the moisture nour-
ished the roots Of the wheat, though
the tops were dry.
The experiment succeeded, and the
country had been proved good for
something anyhow"
This mode Of scientific conservation
Of the moisture has been the root OF
all growth. Through it alfalfa, with
its stout roots digging far down to the
subterranean springs. has been made
possible. Through it the first sugar
beets were grown.
These are. to be sure, vastly separa-
BILE products. having to do with dis
tinct industries. Alfalfa means cattle,
and sugar beets les sugar mills and
towns. Alfalfa came first. Then corn
came. and then the cattle were intro.
duced anew.
Now all through these regions are
great ranches where hand fed and fat
tened cattle are pr%oduced-not the
gaunt range steers of Texas, but fat
cattle, ready for the market and COM
handing top prices.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13
Farm ana
Garden
FIGHTING FROST IN ORCHARDS

Devices In Use by Fruit Growers In
Colorado.
Frost season comes twice a year.
The first Is over; the last is in the fu-
ture. But 1t is never too late to pre-
pare for the next season Early in the
spring Of the current year several Colo
RADIO fruit growers equipped their or
chards with the so called California
oil orchard heaters. One man who
tried the pots bought enough equip
ment to protect ten acres. He was
new at the work and did not have
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13
COAL HEATER.

iron. II the burning surface Is much
larger the heat produced Is too great
and the beneficial results are lost.
These heaters will burn from three to
ave hours without refilling. In plan
ming to protect the orchard in this
way. Colorado growers r using 100
Of the OIL pots per acre. 1t probably
will not be necessary to use this en-
tire number except in exceptional
cases, but should that occasion arise
they think it is a better plan to be
ready. But for light frosts perhaps
half of this number viii be lighted at
first; then as they burn out the other
portion may be used. In this way the
work of refilling car be accomplished
without difficulty.
Common forms Of crude petroleum
are not satisfactory. for the reason
that when the oil and pots become
hot the oil boils over. causing much
waste and loss Of heat. Growers find.
however, that what is known as gas
oil is fairly free from this trouble. and
it is the form they are now using In
Colorado. 1t has also been demon
strated that coal pots will answer the
purpose just as well as oil. but
whether they will be as efficient In
practice remains as yet to be seen.
Colorado coal is semi-hard. lights al
most as easily as wood and is there
fore quite different from anything that
is found in the east.
OF course the conditions Of climate
in Colorado are very different from
those found in the east. and it may be
that the western methods must be
modified, but there would seem to be
no reason why something of this kind
might not be devised which would be
practical in protecting. truck crops.
small fruits and even large orchards
II 1t were thought advisable. The IL
Illustrations are so simple as to require
NO exclamation.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13
Culture Of chives.

The culture Of this plant is simple,
as it will grow in any ordinary gar.
den soil. 1t is usually propagated by
division Of the roots. because it does
not seed readily. The roots OF clumps
Of roots may be purchased at moderate
prices. The clumps should be planted
In beds about nine inches apart in
rows which are two feet apart. The
planting may be done in either spring
or autumn. The chives may also be
planted in the border Of the vegetable
garden and make an excellent border
AS a border plant the clumps should
he planted about six inches apart
The leaves will grow thickly and form
a dense green mat.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13

An Orange IN. ~ man says that
90 per cent Of the people are honest.
Some statistician has also figured that
/ per cent Of the people OWE more
than half the wealth. Is there anySre
lation between the two facts? sass
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13

A Frenchmap named Lovenspiel has
collected more than 100 tons of poet
ical manuscripts and turned them over
to the French government. He must
w~astebaskets.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13

a Bloomington dispatch after q re-
cent sizzling day remarked that It was
the hottest day of the summer. but
added that It was good for the corn
crop. That is a text to paste in ones
hat. Then when the hot days come
remember they are good for the corn
crop and keep cool.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13

In one of his letters to his wife Har-
~ Thaw said he intended TO settle
down and be a senator" As there are
so many millionaires around Pittsbulrrg
and the competition is naturally keen.
he would probably have found It more
expensive than keeping out Of the PEN
itentiarv.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13

An eastern magazine is debating the
question as to whether automobile
should be accented Oh the first or third
syllable. 1t depends on whether the
one doing the pronouncing owns Il ma
chine or not. Nonowners usually
place the emphasis on a short and
profane adjective III front Of the first
SYLLABLE.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13

1t is announced that there are only
a trife over 1000 American bnffaloes
left alive. After q few years Buffalo
Bill. Buffalo Jones and the city Of
Norman e. Mack and Fingy Corners
will b. all that is left to remind is of
the noble animals existence.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13

Ten million words have been put
into type in the tariff debates. This Is
nearly fifteen times as many as there
are in the entire Bible. And yet the
use Of language Is said to mark mans
superiority over other animals!
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13

The government would not reim-
burse an employee who was injured
by a rolling log. Perhaps Uncle Sam
thought that log rolling had already
cost him too much.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13
Agriculture Taught.

Oklahoma is the only state which
requires the teaching Of agriculture in
all country schools. The courses in
clude agriculture. horticulture, stock
raising, fertilizers. dairying. drainage,
irrigation and grazing.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13

George Bernard Shaw does not like
Roosevelt. If Roosevelt ever took the
trouble to form an opinion of Shaw the
dislike is doubtless mutual.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13
Chickens a Money Rrinaer.

Chickens a Money Bringer.
The chicken is universal. a money
bringer Of more or less amount upon
every farm. and no other staple is sc.
a farm may have no grain to sell, but
it is sure to sell in the year some
chickens and eggs. There are no farms
where there are no chickens and
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13
Notices.


w-Notces published under his
heading will be charged ie%galrates
accordance with the ruling ofthe
Mclean County Press Association,
and n affidavit will be Issued until
all publication charges are paid.
State of North Dakota In District Court
County of Mclean. Sixth judicial Dist.
In the Matter of the Dissolution of tho Farm.
ers State Bank Of Coleharbor, corporation.
Notice is hereby given that the stockholderss
Coleharbor. Mclean county. North Dakota,
have filed in this court an application for the
dissolution of said corporation and by, order
Of the court all persons interested in the said
corporation shall file their objections thereto
with this court on or before August Both, lyO9.
Dated this 2lst day Of July. 1903.
g. O. Raugust, Clerk
ISEAL1 of the District Court.
~ Washburn, n. Oak.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13

Whatever the long tariff fight did to
the trade Of the rest Of the country, 1t
certainly interfered with the business
Of Beverly. Mass.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13

a daily paper recently had anedal.
itorial on Harry Thaw's Mind" Moth.
ing like light subjects for the hotss q
son! H
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13
Nutrition X MIX,

IN nutrition a quart Of milk is said
TO equal a pound Of beefsteak or two
pounds Of bread. A pound Of beef
steak costs from 10 to 80 cents and
two pounds Of bread from 10 to II.
cents.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13

Small men readily give way before
Taft, because they take no chances Of
being sat on by him.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13

The police everywhere seem extraor-
dinarily alert to have Chinese picnics
pulled of "all right this season.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13

If the Martians are really looking
this way they ought 10 10 able to spot
tie pole for IN
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13

The Cubans needn't think they a
fool Uncle Sam with a disinfected
name for yellow jack"
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13

Judging from the to do made owe
an income tax. met incomes must be
as thick as blackberries in this coun-
frv.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-08-13
Painting Farm indictments.

PAINTING Farm implements.
The farmer who takes proper care
Of his implements not only houses
them and keeps them in good adjust
ment, but he paints them occasionally.
Paint closes all cracks and keeps out
the moisture. It not only preserves
the wood, but the iron parts are bene-
ited as well. It also gives the tools
a much better appearance. Before APP
plying new paint remove all old paint
that is likely to scale off and see that
all parts are thoroughly clean and dry.
Birdie Which Destroy chineh Bugs.
The birds which are the most bene-
fetal in destroying chinch bugs are
quail, prairie chicken, meadow lark.
red wing blackbird and catbird. 1t
has come to be the belief of most en-
tomologists and botanists that little
help can be expected from the para
site fungi in holding this insect pest
in check.
Bisbee daily review., 1909-09-24

At Phoenix tonight Col William Jennings Bryan will be entertained at a banquet at which are expectedto be some of the prominent democrats from every section of the territory. According to the schedule for the evening not only will the eloquence of Mir. Bryan float through the hall, but that of some of the distinguished sons of Arizona. The list of terri torial speakers include at least three candidates for the United States sen ate whenever Arizona becomes a state-Hon Marcus Aurelius smith
 Hon. Eugene Brady o'Ne!l and Hon. Henry Ashurst. the silver tongued orator of the north. George Purdy BuIIard is also down for a speech and he may be expected to jar loose some of the cobwebs of the Arizona democracy and supplant them with rvHer things. 1t is tc be hoped that there will De representative gather tag Of the democrats of the territory
Bisbee daily review., 1909-09-24

Delegate Cameron has been in Phoenix talking about statehood again. It is now nearly year since Cameron was telling the people of Arizona that if he was elected to congress the statehood bill would be passed before March 4, 1909. That time has passed more than six months. It is to be presumed that Cameron believed that he could make good and induce the republican leaders to pass the bill last winter, but it has since been proved that he was only guessing at what statehood results would be. Mir. Cameron now declares that he has the promise of all the republican leaders that they will see the statehood bill safely through next winter. The repubIi- cans promised the immediate pass age of the statehood bill before Mir. Cameron was elected and having broken that promise through one regular session of congress and a special session the added promise BOW to Cameron need not add en- couragement to the hope of our peo
 pie. The republicans have lied to
 the people of Arizona about state
 hood for nearly twenty years.
Bisbee daily review., 1909-09-24

disappear up your coatsleeye; you can now open your hand, and, much to the astonishment of your audience, the coin will not be there.
 This capital trick may be varied in a hundred ways. One good way is to take three dimes or quarters, and, concealing one in the palm of your left hand, place the ether two, one each between the thumb and fore finger of each hand, then give the coin in the right hand the twiri as already described, and, closing both hands quickly, the coin in the right hand will disappear up your sleeve, and the left hand, on being unciosed. will be found to contain two quarters, while that which was in the right will have disappeared. Thus you will make the surprised spectators believe that you coajured the coin from the right hand into the left.
 Stick a fork or any pointed article in the wall, about four or five feet from the floor. and on the end of it place a riece of candy; then tell some person to place his foreanger by the side of the candy when he has meas ured the height carefully, tell him to
Bisbee daily review., 1909-09-24

General Bell, who was at Fl Paso a few days ago tor the purpose or examining the military post there gave out the statement that there would be nothing done towards en- Iarging Fort Bliss now for the rea- son that there is no money available for construction or improvement at any of the military posts of the coun- try. There seems to be a scarcity ot cash and an increasing deficiency under the republican administration.
Bisbee daily review., 1909-09-24
ONE PICTURE
 O. HARTMAN.

The Springfield Republican, while admitting eI.. mat has been said ot Mr. harriman's genius, thus com ments on the railroad kings career:
 There are countries where Mir. Hartman would never have been heard of, save as an interruptions gambler in stocks But the Amerf- can system of private ownership and operation of the highways of com merce made possible that extraordi- nary Hartman decade which has cul- minated so dramatically in his re cent return from Europe to die, with the entire financial world feverishly awaiting the bulletins from the sick mans chamber.
 Down to the fiftieth year of liar riman's life, he was utterly envelop- ed in an atmosphere of the most sor- did money getting by the most un- scrupulous methods that would en- dure the scrutiny of the criminal courts. It is absurd to suppose that the stream of ethical motive can rise higher than it's source; and We must judge MT. Hartman to have been guided throughout his business ca reer by those motives of selfinterest which have been universal in the business world. He was reared to the methods of tooth and claw, and none surpassed him in the genius for battle, as many who saw at close range the tremendous contest be- tween the Hill and Hartman forces, in 1901, for the control of the North ern Pacific, when the stock of the road rose to 5000 a share, will long remember. To an enemy or a com petttor, Mir. Hartman was as merci- less as he was formidable, and they say he had no friends in the entire business community who could fan into life a spark of real affection for the man. The most powerful bank CTS and capitalists placed their hun dreds of millions absolutely at his disposal, in order that he might fl- nance his schemes and win his bat ties, because they had the utmost faith in his genius to make their in vestments yield solid profits. Napo- leonic, one would say, was this man that is, perfect master of the con dttions that he confronted. so long as he could deal with them in his own way. Immoral he was, if not immoral, and the end was every sthing,- the means nothing, to his rest 1iess and boundless ambition for achievement and aggrandizement." [ Tn the last years of his life, says the Republican, MT. Hartman, be- cause of his part in the life insur- anee and railroad scandals and his % controversy with President Roose- welt, had a taste of the verdict that zznust be pronounced upon him ana =alI of his kind, in the popular upris- ing against predatory wealth.
 'It may be suspected that in those last years he got glimpses of the American people that told him new era was in the dawning. It will be an era in which men of his type will shriveI and disappear, since the pub lie interest is in the future to domi- nate the field of natural monopoly rather than private gain"