davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1909-06-11
E. F. LAD.
State Chemist OF North Dakota.


FARGO. n. D.. June 10-Replying to
your telegram, a mixture OF whisky and
neutral spirits. cOlOred and favored and
sold as whisky. is a fraud and impo-
sition upon the consuming public, places
the honest producer at the mercy OF the
unscrupulous manufacturer, and under
mines a fundamental principle upon
which food legislation is built
The decision of the Roosevelt and
Bonaparte administration was IN har-
Tnony with the facts, afforded every pro-
lection to the honest manufacturer as
we'll as 10 the consumer. Such a IIlfk4
ture should be labeled "compoundV or
limitation" whisky, according 10 the
proportion OF neutral spirits used
Caramel should not be permitted in
any case. its chief purpose being TO
simulate another product. Such decision
makes II most dif1cult for the enforce
ment of laws in the States, encourages
fraud, and forces the States 10 stand
independently for the protection of the
consuming public.
The standards adopted by pure food
congress will not permit OF such mix
ture being labeled as whisky.
The Washington times., 1909-06-11
EDWARD H. JENKINS,
State Chemist of Connecticut

NEW HAVEN. Conn, June u.-In my
judgment. Bowers decision is Illogical,
and if approved viii generally weaken
the force OF the food and drug law.
Neither water nor alcohol can be added
70 whisky in any amount unless ex-
pressiy authorized by statute or regula-
ton
Having force Of statute without MAX
ing the mixture something other than
whisky as well, unless the milk, 10
which water. a normal constituent of
milk, is added Is milk, If enough milk
is present TO flavor IT. would label
mixture OF alcohol and neutral spirit
whisky and grain distillate. Caramel to
initiate aged whisky is a fraud.
We shall strive to maintain the OBJ
vious intent OF law. which is to have
the label tell the truth. The standards
adopted by the dairy and food commits
Eioners DO not permit labelling such mix
lures whisky.
The Washington times., 1909-06-11
H. A. WEBER,
So Chemist of Ohi0

COLUMBUS. Ohio. June 10.-The ind-
ing permitting the addition OF neutral
spirits to whisky is absolutely incorrect.
Neutral spirits IS not whisky IN any
sense OF the term and has not the physi-
Ological effects Of old whisky. The use
Of caramel or other coloring matter,
aside from the color coming from the
barrel on ageing, should be prohibited
IL any article sold as whisky
II Bowers decision stands. II will be
the death blow TO the national pure
food law. The standard adopted by the
last pure food congress viii not permit
labelling such mixtures as whisky.
The Washington times., 1909-06-11
A. C. BIRD,
State Dairy and Food Commissioner Of
Michigan.

LANSING. Mich. June 10,-Am not
sufficiently familiar with decision oi
Solicitor General Bowers 10 properly re-
view same
IN this State color is not permitted
for purposes OF imitation or deception
While the adverse opinion Of the Solicit
tor General might be important. /
should prefer q review Of the case by
the court Of last resort, for nothing else
81 either satisfactory or final.
For business reasons as we'll as ad-
nninistration effectiveness this question
should be settled beyond all appeal
The Washington times., 1909-06-11
Deaths.

Basil M. Beall. 72 years; NayIor road.
Twinins City.
Edward J. Histon. % years; ss2 Fifth
street northeast.
Mildred L. Thompson, ] year; 1904 Flev-
cnth street southeast
Eliza Williams. 81 years. 1914 q-bt-5
street southeast
Henry Percy, 6S years; United States
Soldiers HomS, DC.
juliet W Hart, 66 years; $50 Newton
street northwest
Zerelda Cobb. rs years; 421 q street
northwest
Grace Ferr, % days: 1887 Twentieth
street northwest
The Washington times., 1909-06-11
NEW COLLEGE HEAD
NOTED AS SCIENTIST
Ernest Fox Nichols Long
Prominent in University
Research Work.

Ernest Fox Nichols, who succeed
William Jewett Tucker as president Cf
Dartmouth College, is noted the world
over as a scientist who has added much
to the sum of human knowledge by his
research work.
He was born in Kansas in 1859 and
was graduated from the Kansas Agri-
cultural College and Cornell University,
and took degrees from the University
of Berlin. He is cIe of the worlds au-
thorities on physics and has written
many papers on scientific subjects, prin-
clpally radiation.
He served on the faculties of Colgate
and Columbia University until being
called to Dartmouth.
The Washington times., 1909-06-11
C. D. HOWARD,
Chemist State Board of Health of
New Hampshire.

CONCORD, n. H, June 10.-Replying
TO your inquiry relative 70 labelling of
whisky, cannot concur in the alleged
decision permitting the mixture of
whisky and neutral spirits to be labeled
whisky without qualification
Were this proper, IL would be as logi-
cal to allow sweeteued and Favored
neutral spirits alone TO be so labeled.
Would hold that such mixture should
be labeled compounds
-Caramsl used to give fictitious SEM
blence OF age is in violation of law.
The labelling you mention WOULD violate
present standards.
I do not consider particular matter at
issue of importance tc New Hampshire,
except to the extent that a vital prfn-
ciple is involved.
The Washington times., 1909-06-11
PAY IN Wheat

A 200-acre farm in the Stata o4
w W9Shington was recently sold to be
paid FOR In wheat, at the rate of 100
bushels an acre, in two years. Farm
eFs thereabout have often, according
OF from fifty to fifty-fiVe bushels an
acre; and in this particular instance
the purchaser seems to aim at maxim 2
MS crop for two years pay for the
land. If It doesn't yield 10, 900 bushels
each year, hey~must buy whatever
amount he is short, in order to com
plete his payments 'on time"
The Washington times., 1909-06-11
W. N. ALLEN.
" W. f2ALGNS
State Food Chemist of North Carolil

DtHto VUu SIN4tatot % 4tVLtH Na4 VIIln.
RALEIGH. \. c., June lin my
opinion mixture Of whisky and neutral
spirits should not be labeled whisky,
without qualifying word. Such a
mixture should be labeled compound
whisky.
The use Of caramel to initiate age Is
Objectionable. The standard adopted by
food and dairy departments at the
last meeting would not allow such
mixture TO be labeled whisky.
If Bowers decision is adopted e Will
be blow to the food laws and make
their enforcement far more difficult.
The Washington times., 1909-06-11
FIND MISSING GIRL
ON THE AVENUE
Sheriff and Detective Locate Vir-
ginia Morris at Local
Institution.

Virginia Norris. the ifteen-year-old
daughter OF John Morris, postmaster at
Standardsville. Va, who has been miss
ing from home for the ast two weeks,
was found in this city this morning by
Detective Springman and Sheriff Z, A.
Malone. Of Green county
The girl had been ste ping at an in
stitution in Pennsylvania avenue since
coming to Washington. She. will be
taken back home this afternoon.
The Washington times., 1909-06-11
IN THE BEGINNING.

The Angel Chtld-Mother, I've been
wondering about something.
Mother--What do you wonder, child?
The Angel Child wonder If the first
parasol was made from an umbrella Z
rib?-Puck
The Washington times., 1909-06-11
WHEN THE FIGHT IS WON.

The Suffrag agette-wer, day-dayi Yez'u
how { cit the lunch an dinner yersilfl
It's a watcher az the polls I am, an
afterward I'm goili TO tn Dimmycratic
Club L hear tn retur-rns.-Puck.
The Washington times., 1909-06-11
]. S. ABBOTT,
State Food Commissioner of Texas

DENTON. Tex. June 1o.-Bowers'
whisky ruling IS not warranted By the
scientific evidence nor by the food and
drug act.
The Texas law requires whisky TO
conform to phaTmacopoea standard.
Neutral spirits can not be sold here nor
mixed with whisky under any represen-
tation.
Bowers might as well rule that
mixture of cane and maple syrup be
~alled maple syrup
The Washington times., 1909-06-11
FOOTBALL PLAYER
NAMED AS JUDGE
President Nominates Peter D.
Oyerfeld for the Third Dis
trict of Alaska.

One OF the most noted fullbacks In
the history Of football was today nom
mated by the President as judge of the
third judicial district of Alaska
His name is Peter d. Overfield, and
he played full on the University of
Pennsylvania team in the late nineties
He is a native of Pennsylvania, but for
the past three years has practiced law
In Nome, Alaska. he is thirty-fiye
wears Of age
The Washington times., 1909-06-11
R. B. FITgr ANDoLPH,
Chief of Division of Food and Drugs
Of State of New Tersev.

TRENTON. y. J., June 1.-THE fn6
ings of Solicitor General Bowers are
not correct. and should be overruled.
The use of caramel to initiate color due
TO age is very Objectionable.
The standards adopted at YackiTnac
do not permit a mixture OF whisky and
neutral spirits TO be sold as whisky
without qualifications
The Washington times., 1909-06-11
MIDSHIPMEN PASS
PHYSICAL TESTS
Six More Cadets Are Added to hte
Fourth Year Glass.

ANNAPOLIS. Md. June 1.-THE
following were admitted as midship-
men this morning, having passed all
physical examinations;
William p Jupp, Detroit, Mich.
Charles c. Julian, Thomasvule, n. G.
Walter S. Givens, Philadelphia, Pa.
Kenneth r. Wallace. Lagrange, III.
HatTan y, Amin. Columbus, Ont.
Eric f. Zemke, Milwaukee, Wis.
The Washington times., 1909-06-11
ERNEST FOX NICHOLS,
Head of Dartmouth.

It should be qualified caramel color
Bowers decision. though Objectionable.
does not apply to Kansas, as whisky is
not legally sold in the State. Whisky
should conform to u. S. P. require
ments
The Washington times., 1909-06-11
HURTS BOY; MUST PAY

BELLEFONTAINE. Ohio, June II
Because his uncle lifted him in his arms
twenty-five years ago In such q riIde
manner as 10 make him a hunchback.
jury today awarded 81 25p dances ~ -,
harley \. Piper against nfs wealth.
uncle. George II. Clayton.
The Washington times., 1909-06-11
H. E. BARNARD,
II \. Dk4IN4NA NAKND3
State Food Commissioner of Indian

State Food COMMISSIONER Of Indiana.
INDIANAPOLIS, Ind. June III do
not consider whisky and neutral spirits
whisky. Caramel coloring should not
be used to initiate age. Indiana waits
for Supreme Court decision and does
not consider Bowers decision binding.
] still consider Mackinac standard cor
rect. This standard does not recognize
mixture of whisky and neutral spirits
as whisky Should be labeled whisky
and neutral spirits.
The Washington times., 1909-06-11
The Vital Records.
Births.

William S. and Anna l. Miles. boy.
Henry and Mary {. Stauffef, 10y.
Rodolfo and Leonor Espinosa, girl.
Wallace e aid Irene d. Newman, girl.
Timothy and Julia NeIlagan, bow
John F. and Julia c. joyce, boy.
Samuel and Mary Brant girl
George w. and Marie H Quinn, girl.
girl
The Washington times., 1909-06-11
KIND, CORRECTING HAND.

'The hand that rocks the cradle
may rule the world" says Mr.. Tauk-
away, but the hand that spanks the
kids when they need it does more
toward turning out good men. Kan
sas City Times.
The Washington times., 1909-06-11
Marriage Licenses.

John J. Lynch and Annie NJ -rtin, of
Washington.
Harry Wright and Mary L. Priddy both
Of ElmOnt, Va.
The Washington times., 1909-06-11
z. H. S. BAILEY,
State Chemist of Kansas.

LAWRENCE. Kan. June fo.-If the
Tord whisky be used in such mixfire.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-05-13

feel confident that We may expect some
legiglation In the imnsdtate future.
under the provisions Of which the shell
nsh industry OF the State Of Alabama
win be largely fostered and greatly
encouraged"
Commissioner wallace says that Ala
bama could assume regulation over the
overflow and swamp lands. which do
not belong to private individuals or
corporations and this would embrace .
large portion Of the oyster producing
area Of the coast. Rhode Island. Il u
said, through the operations Of hsr
Commission, has put . surplus Of about
$4,000 into the treasury OF the Stats
to the credit OF the she'll f1sh fund.
Good results were reported from that
Commonwealth and others which have
tried regulation of the industry.
II IL announced that Mr.. wallace II
to meet In Mobile next Tuesday, May
Is. all citizens who are interested In
the movement for betterment OF con-
ditions along the line et his discus
sion.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-05-13

men or artillarymen. But II 10 said that
Colonel j. @. Hubbard OF Troy. DOM.
manding the LIST Infantry, and Colonel
q. r.. Bricleen. commanding tho 1nd
Infantry. are much inclined towards
this city for the annual encampment.
Nor does sentiment control IN this So
lection. Pickett Springs offers excel
lent advantages from every view point.
for at least two forces OF the size OF
the LIST and End regiments,
Before the decision can be binding or
final, Il will have 70 be approved by
the Governor and the State Military
Board. the latter consisting OF General
r. r. Lyon. Inspector General: Gem
eraf Barrie l.. Holt, ouartermasfer
General. and AdJutant General Bihh
Graves. 1t is generally conceded, how
ever. that these high officers consult
very closely the Wishes OF the COM.
manders before placing the encamp.
ipents.
The coast artillery has compieted
their annual practices, which were held
Tor the past ten days ut Fort Morgan
near Mobile. Captain Everett Jackson
was one OF the local men who returned
yesterday from this ten-day journey.
he says the men derived much good
from the eIicampment.
The report that Montgomery range
viii entertain the rifiemen in their pre-
liniinary practices this summer seems
to have been well received. The latter
mart Of June appears TO be a satisfact-
t,ry date and 1t IL evident that the
range win be thronged with ambitious
men. viNing Tor representation on the
Alabama team OF twelve men who will
70 to Camp Perry, Ohio this summer
for the interiiationai shoot II IL tfle
determination Of the Alabama soldiers
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-05-13
THREE TRAINS DAILY
FOR NEW YORK AND EAST

Beginning on Sunday, May is. the
people OF Montgomery will have the.
choice Of three trains daily for New
York.
The ones now leaving at 8 a. m, and
$40 D. M. will be unchanged. The adj
ditional through Improvement will be
the one. now leaving at sos g. m. That
will continue. to be the leaving hour
It arrives In Atlanta at 1865 p. M, and
connects with fast train which leaves
Atlanta at 2:45 p. m, carrying Pullman
sleepers and diners and other COM
forts.
Those who do not wish to leave here
at a. m, can take this comfortable
sos train and by making sleeping car
reservations In advance can go into the
Pullman or day coaches as they wish In
Atlanta and continue their journey
This train will reach Washington 81
io.40 O. m. and New York at p. m.
It IL not quite as fast as the vesti-
bule, but the hour of leaving and otheI
things considered is more comfortable
for Montgomery people.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-05-13

had 1t yesterday that the 1st and End
REGIMENTS OF Infantry would encamn
at Pickett Springs.
And in the same line OF gossip, Ia the
report that the 3rd infantry win pitch
their tents In Admission. or In the VI
cfnity of the growing city. 1t Is very
likely that Selma will be the point TO
which the cavalry squadron will hike
for their try-outs and the field artil-
lery Is looking on Birmingham as the
most probable destination OF that arm
of the militia.
OF course. these matters have to be
passed upon by higher authority than
the colonel OF q regiment or-the major
OF squadron or battalion OF horses
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-05-13
TO pun down some Of the honors Of this
big event.
Exeeutsrs OF Diekins Estate Make

Executers OF Dickins Estate Make
Charges.
London. May I2.--Frands involving
hundreds OF thousands of dollars are
alleged against q number OF we'll
known Bond street dealers in q suit
now being heard before Justice Gran
them.
The charges are brought by the ex-
ecutors of the estate OF the late G. J.
Ddckina, founder OF the big dry goods
Arm Of Diokins q Jones. who are suing
q dealer named Arthur Ellis. They
alleRa that while Mr.. Dioizins was suf-
fering from seniie decay, Ellis defraud-
ed him out OF thousands of pounds by
paiming on on him spurious modern
chinawars for Dresden ware. alleged
10 be $50 years old.
He Is said TO have sold to Mr.. Dick )
ins for hundreds of pounds pieces OF
china that coat him only few sqver-
af9ns. One of the executors testified
that Mr.. Dickens's dealings with Ellis
alone amounted to- $4,000. while be-
tween 1899 and 1907 Mr.. Dickens ex-
pendod not Less than s660,000 on his
china collection.
THE frauds, this witness said, were
aiaaovsred only when the collection
was sent TO Christiess for auction on
che death OF 1Er. Dickens. Action
axainst other dealers are pending.
~
rhe greatest author II he who has
caual1t che cleawest vision OF the per-
! rlanant aniritua1 veritieS
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-05-13
CANNOT SUE JUDGE
JUDICIAL ACTS DO NOT OFFER
NA CAUSE FOR SUIT.


The Alabama Supreme Court yester.
day handed down q list of seven de-
fcisions of more or less private import.
ance but not of public interest. To-
day II 10 likely that the Justices will
listen TO the submission of criminal
cases. appealed from the counties Of
the Third Division.
Among the opinions put out yester.
day was one styled o. s. Early VS.. NJ
H. Fitzpatrick ct al, appealed from
the Bessemer City Court. This was a
suit for heavy damages by the appel
liant, who was fined for alleged con.
tempt of court and imprisoned for de.
fault OF payment. The Justice of the
Peace who tried the original case was
sought out as the defendant In the
damage suit. The Bessemer City Court
refused to make the Justice OF the
Peace liable for damages, and the gu
preme Court affirmed the Judgment
declaring that the rule IL well settled
that In this state. anyone acting in a
judicial capacity cannot be sued for q
judicial act, as II would be against
public policy for any judge to have a
threat Of damages always hanging over
his head.
The complete list Of opinions is as
follows:
DowDELL. c. J.:
x1UnNy 4tAAlkhn Fos NA1ntStSC MIL
Company ct al. appeal from Conecuh
Circuit Court: reversed and remanded.
SIMPSON, J.:
o. 8. Early VS.. NJ. H. Fitzpatrick ct
al. appai from Btssemer City Court;
affirmed.
j. p. Webb We. Inez Reagin. appeal
from jackson Chancery Court; affirm
ed.
benson, j.:
Birmingham Railway. Light and
Power Company VS.. j. A. Raker, APP
peal from Birmingham City Court; re-
yersed and rernanded.
Admission Cordage Company vs.. Wes-
tern Union Telegraph Company, appeal
from Admission City Court; afiIrmed.
MAYFrELD. J.:
Tom story We. State of Alabama, APP
peal from Chambers Circuit Court; af-
firmed., ~
Richard Roe, r. L. Crowder VS.. John
Doe, ex dem etc. appeal from Birmings
ham city Court; reversed and re-
manded.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-05-13
THE CONSTIPATION EVIL
Is Responsible For Most Gases Of
Piles.

Constipation paralyzes the blood ves-
sells OF the lower bowel, and thus caus-
es piles. Women, and all indoor work
era. are most frequent sufferers, A
common mistake ia the use OF oint-
ments and auppositories. which cannot
cure piles permanently, because they
do nothing to start mp a fresh, free cir
culation In the weakened parts. OPP
erations, too. are useless. except asitem-
porary relief, and the only certain way
TO cure piles is with internal treatment.
DIR. y. 8. Leonhardt Of Lincoln, Neb.,
perfected the only Internal remedy for
piles, a special medicine for strength
ening the aabby veins In the lower
howei, and freeing the circulation. II
cures permanently by removing the
cause.
DR.. Leonhardt's Hem-Roid Is sold
under guarantee by e. q. Fowler and
II c. Andrews. 81 for twenty-four
days treatment. DIR. Leonhardt Co.
station 3. Buffalo, N. r, Prop. Write
for booklet (ge1
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-05-13
Montgonerinns Take ODer the
$500, 600 Portland Cement Works

The Alabama Portland Cement Conn
pany. formed 70 take over the plant
and the workings of the former Ala
bama Portland Cement Company, Linz
tied. of Great Britain and ireland,
which is situated at ASpocari. near De.
mopoiis, filed papers of its ineorpora-
tion In the ONCE of the Judge of Pro-
bate yesterday.
The promoters OF the big cement
manufacturing company. one OF the
largest In the State. are Montgomery
men. all. The incorporators ara J. s.
Pinckard. Massey Wilson, Junius G.
Dale. and T. W. Martin. Mr.eDaie be-
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-05-13
PERMIT ISSUED FOR
$4,000 NEGRO CHURCH

Permit was issued yesterday to the
congregation of the Columbus Street
Baptist Church for negroes. to erect .
$4,000 church on Columbus Street be-
tween Ripley and Union.
The church. when completed, will be
one of the handsomest negro churches
In Alabama. In its construction, negro
labor will be placed, altogether, from
the plans of the Tuskegee architect. to
the actual building. The manual labor
win be performed by the members Of
the church.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-05-13
FRANK P. CHAFFEE
OFF FOR BIRMINGHAM

Following the announcement of his
acceptance of work in Birmingham,
Frank p. chaffee, for fifteen years sec
ton director of the Weather Bureau.
left Montgomery yesterday morning.
He starts Immediately upon his work
in Birmingham, as Secretary OF the
Business Mems League, and as Score
tary of the State Fair Association
there.
Edgar C. Horton, first assistant to
MFR. Chance, is in charge Of the
weather Bureau work. and indications
are that he will be appointed perma-
nen<1y to that station.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-05-13

ing the principal stockholdsr. with
5.9s7 shares.
The concern lie capitalized at $500. 900,
divided into 5000 shares. The princi.
pal ONCE is TO be In Montgomery.
The Alabama Portland Cement Com
pany, Limited, was former by foreign
capitalists some years ago. with q View
toward utilizing the immense limestone
deposits of Central Alabama In the
manufacture OF Portland cement on q
large scale.
Not long ago the plant was sus-
pended, and Is taken up by the Mont.
Eomery capitalists. to be rehabiiitatsd,
and launched upon its new career. !.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-05-13
WILL LOCATE HERE.
Tampa Cigar Men Are Looking for =
Site.

Tampa Cigar Men Are Looking Tor .
Site.
Having reached the decision to To-
cate in Montgomery. S. T. Wilson and
r. M. Smails, cigar manufacturers.
were in Montgomery yesterday, in con-
ference with Secretary Weever of the
Commercial Club. much of the day.
The two are looking over the city in
quest OF a site on which to establish
their plant.
The two are members OF the Arm
known as tn s. and W. Cigar Company.
and have been located in Tampa. Fla.
for some time. Their work in Mont
gomery will begin within a month. 1t
is thought.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-05-13
SPECIAL EorI0E

Send In at once all empty cases and
give the case numbers on the bill OF
ladinE, otherwise we will be forced TO
hold orders until your empty CAGES
come in,
The Montgomery Coca Cola .Bottfing Co..
Selma Coca-Cola Bottling CO.,
Dothan coca-Cola Bottling Co.
adv--2t.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-05-13
CHARLEY MOSES WHITE
INSTEAD OF A NEGRO

Through an error The Advertiser in
Tuesdays, issue was made to say that:
Negro Boy HELD for Burgiarizing
Laundry" the article in question refer.
ring to Charley Moses. q white boy.
who is the son Of Michael Moses of II
South McDonough Street.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-05-13
Drug Ban In Florida J..

Tallahassee, Fla, May ia bill
prohibiting the sale or giving away of
opium, cocaine and morphine without
the prescription of a practicing physi-
nian. and allowing only ono sale on a
single prescription, today passed the
House.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-05-13

Mrs. W. c. Agee graciously enter
tained the members OF the Bridge
Whist Club and a few other friends
this morning at her pretty home on
fremont Street. Ferns and vases Of
cut flowers adorned the parlor and re-
ception hall where the games OF bridge
were played at three tables.
After the games delicious refresh
menfs were enjoyed.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-05-13
WILL ENCAMP HERE
GUARDsMEN LOOK UPON raONT.
GOMERY WITH FAVOR.
The OfIicers OF Both the 1st ama 2na
Regiments of Infantry Desire TO
Bring Their Men TO Pfclkett
SDrfnww

1t now begins to look like Montgom
cry IL going to be the center of the
military practice of the Alabama Ma
tional Guard this summer. It has been
almost determined to hold the rife
practices on the local range and rumor
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-05-13

Miss Mary Rodgers was hostess this
morning for the members of the We'd
nesday, Sewing Club and a few other
Dainty refreshments were enjoyed.