davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1909-02-20
THE SUNDAY LAWS.

[Paul Stillman in Jefferson Bee.
A very drastic Sunday observance
bill has been introduced, and is awak-i
ening a vast amount of discussion. It
provides that, "any person or persons,
firm, association or corporation VINO
shall keep open or aid or assist IN
keeping open on the first day OF the
week, commonly called Sunday, any
place Of public amusement, exhibition
or entertainment, to which an admis-
sion fee is directly or indirectly
charged OF received, or shall conduct
or take part in any said public amuss-sl
ment, exhibition or entertainment.
shall be guilty of a nisdemeanor, and
upon conviction thereof shall be fined
not less than SO or more than 800
or be Imprisoned in the county tail
not exceeding thirty days. This law,
if passed, will cut out the Sunday ses-
sions of chautauqua assemblies. This ~
really not the purpose of the measure,
but that will be its effect am 90
posed to Sunday sports, Sunday base
ball, Sunday theaters, and all that sort
of dissertation, but / think that Sunday
gatherings of the "uplift" character
such as chautauquas, ought to be en-
Outraged. I hope somebody will discov-
er some means of shutting out the
harmful without outlawing the helpful
Sunday gatherings. If the bill was
more direct and came right out as pro-
hibiting Sunday baseball and Sunday
theaters, think it would be q bettsr
and stronger measure.
PAUL e.. STILLMAN.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1909-02-20
1REwIN,s KINDNESS.

| An incident reported in the Des
Moinese newspapers will be of interest
in the Fifth congressional district and
/! ESPECIALLY in Marshall county. Senator
Van Law of this county has introduced
a bill which seeks to give city coun-
ellis access to the books of public
service corporation and the right to
appraise its property whenever fixing
rates for service. Mr.. j. II. Trewin, of
Cedar Rapids, attorney for the Cedar
Rapids Gas Company and recently a
candidate for the republican nominal
ton for congress, appeared before a
legislative committee in Des Moines
Thursday to protest against such bill
as being revolutionary.
People who know Trewin or even
know of him will be amused at the
following conversation reported to
have passed between him and news
paper writer:
What corporation do you represent
in this hearing?" he was asked by q
reporter yesterday after he had OPP
posed the amended Van Law bill be-
fore the committee.
II don't represent any corporation"
he replied. Il am here just simply
as a private citizen of Cedar Rapids
to protest against the amendment pro-
posed for the Van Law bill, which pro-
H.. .st 1sJ nN.
to cross-examine the president Of a
public utility company whenever the
aldermen desire it
"You just came down to Des Moines
to fight this measure because of the
milk of human kindness in your heart
and the desire to protect the down
trodden corporation PRESIDENT"
"Well, anyway. came here as a
private citizen. That amendment is a
bad thing, tho the bill is all right.
don't care a rap about the bill with
out the amendment"
The Van Law bill provides that cit
les may investigate the books and
records of public service corpora
ton and fix the rates for service as the
result of such investigation The,
present law gives the city the right
ia fix rates, but not to examine the
books and accounts of the companies.
The amendment to which Senator
Trewin objects so strenuously was
added to the bill in the committee yes
terday and provides that whenever a
city council desires it may subpoena
before it any officer or director of q
puslic service corporation and ques-
ton him with the same authority that
is given court
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1909-02-20

ton. but is balanced by the fact that
the lines Of tile do not need to be as
close together. Deep tile are not as
easily displaced by freezing, and a
deeper feeding ground for the roots Is.
provided
A mistake made more frequently
than that Of not putting the drains in
deep enough is that of using too small
tile. The character Of the soil, the fall
and the amount of surface drained are
the factors which largely determine
the proper size to use. Almost every
book or bulletin of tile drainage gives
tables for figuring the size Of tile re-
quired under various conditions. II
there is any doubt It always pays to;
get size too large rather than, q size
too small, even il the cost IL q little
more.
1t is usually better to let the job Of
thing to contractor rather than to at
tempt to do it yourself. There are re-
liable tilers in almost every locality
who can be depended upon to lay the
tile to grade and do a first class job IN
every particular. Only the hard burn
ed tile should be used. These win last
for lifetime OF longer II properly put
in. When tile 60 within fifteen or
twenty feet Of trees the joints should
be cemented. Otherwise the tree roots
will find their way through, the joints
and I'LL up the drains to SUCH an extent
that the dow Of water will be cut OF.
The most important part Of drain
age system is the outlet. The tile
should empty into stream IL possible.
Water should not be allowed to stand
over the mouth of the outlet II It can
be avoided, as this checks the current
and causes the drain to partly oil up
with silt, thus reducing ITS capacity
just that much.
With thorough system Of tile drains
age in good working order the problem
Of getting rid of surplus water ~
solved. Thing also helps to solve the
problem Of lack Of water. The roots
go down SO much deeper In tiled
soil that they are in position to with
stand a drought better than II they
were foot or two farther above the
water table. Removing the surplus
water by drainage also hastens the
warming of the soil. in the spring.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1909-02-20
EW We have alread, learned some
Ey thing of the value of water
y " as plant food. This is

" as plant food. This is
only one of it's minor uses,
however In addition to the water
which is decomposed by the plant and
used in making starch and other prod
ucts, many times as much is used for
other purposes. One of the principal
of these is dissolving plant food and
carrying it upward to the leaves. Aft
err reaching the leaves most of the wa
cells the materials which it brought
up.
The cells of which the leaves are
made are very delicate and depend for
their stiffness on the water which the.
contain. Without this water they
would collapse in the same way BIZ
cycle tire does when the air is let out.
This is the very thing that happens
when the leaves wilt. The rise Of
water from the roots has been checked
in some way, and as evaporation still
continues the leaf cells become partly
emptied and shrink up.
The leaves are not entirely helpless
at such time, however. On each side
of the tiny pores on the underside Of
the leaf is q cell known as q guard
cell. When the supply Of moisture
begins to fail. these guard cells shrink
up and in doing so close the openings,
thus checking evaporation. In some
plants, like corn, the leaves curl up at
such time, thus still further lessen
ing the rate of evaporation. OF course
when a leaf is wilted in this manner
the work Of building up plant tissues
is seriously checked. This often hap
pens during the dry weather OF July
and August, when the soil becomes SO
dry that the roots have difficulty in
obtaining the needed moisture. The
checking Of development which results
often reduces the yield of corn as
much as twenty to thirty bushels per
acre and that of other crops in pro-
portion. For every pound of dry
matter in mature plant from 300 to
500 pounds Of water have been brought
up by the roots and evaporated from
the leaves. One of the most impor-
tant factors in the production Of a
maximum crop is the maintenance Of
a plentiful water supply within easy
reach Of the roots.
There are three classes Of water In
the soil. The first is known as ground
water and is that water which col
lects in hole dug in a wet soil or
runs of through the tile in drained
land. The second is the capillary
water and is that which is left be.
tween che soil particles after the
ground water has been drawn off.
The ground water is affected by grav-
itation, while the capillary water is
not. t-'s
If a sample of soil that looks per-
fectly dry is placed in an oven and
heated for some time it will be found
that is has lost considerably In weight,
owing to moisture being driven of.
This is the third class, or microscopic
moisture. This, Of course, is Of no
value to the plant, since the roots
cannot extract moisture from an air
dry soil. Neither can they use the
ground water. This is really dam
age in the upper two or three feet of
soil, since it so fills the spaces that
the roots cannot get enough air.
During a rain the ground water
passing through the soil draws con-
siderable air with it. AS sooE as the
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1909-02-20
BY c. v. GREGORY,

roots can use is the capillary water
When this is present in the right
amount, it fills about half of the
spaces between the soil particles. The
the rest are filed with air. The water
easily dissolves plant food from the
soil grains which it surrounds Thus
the two essentials for rapid root de
velopment. air and plant food, are
present in the proper amounts and in
a readily available form. AS fast as
the water is taken up by the roots
more is brought up by capillarity from
the supply in the subsoil in the man
ger noted in article No. 2.
The place where the capillary water
joins the ground water is called the
water table. If this water table is
too high. the feeding ground Of the
roots is greatly restricted, since they
cannot go below it. If, on the other
hand. the water table is too deep,
capillarity cannot bring the water up
as fast as it is used by the roots.
In dry weather the water table low
ers rapidly, but the roots are also
growing downward at the same time.
The greatest damage from drought
comes when a sudden dry period fol
lows a few weeks of excessive rain
fall. The abundance Of moisture dur
ing the early part of the season has
kept the plants from sending their
roots down very deep. When dry
weather does come, the soil bakes and
cracks and evaporation goes on very
rapidly. This, together with the de-
mands made by the plants, lowers the
water table so rapidly that root growth
cannot keep pace with it. AS result
the capillary moisture within reach OF
the roots is not replaced as fast as II
is used, and the growth Of the plants
is seriously checked.
Fields with a clay subsofl Withstand
dry weather much better than those
with subsoil Of sand or gravel. The
latter, because of their looser texture,
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1909-02-20
THE 5LoDGEar
a MASONIC NOTICES..
NA1Visitors always welcome.
w Hall over 1857 West Main. 8

a MASONIC NoTIcEss% &
wv Visitors always welcome.
w Hall over 1857 West Main.
MARSHALL LODGE 10s "A. F. &
M-Work on first degree, Friday even
ing, Feb 26. Fl. G. Hoeck, w. M
Fl. S.. Lawrence, Secy.
SIGNET CHAPTER No. 3S, r. A. M.
Stated convocation Monday, Feb. ~,
7:3O G. III. Boggie. II. P.
l. S. Willard, Secy.
KING SOLOMON COUNCIL-spe
cial assembly of King Solomon Coun-
Gil No. 20 r. s. M, Thursday. Feb. Is.
for work.
A. d. Meeker, 7. L M.
I. T. Forbes, Rec.
ST. ALDEMAR CoMMANDRY Mo.
80, K. T-Stated conclave Tuesday,
Feb. %, 1880, work on order OF Temple.
F. M. Wilbur, q. G.
F. Wallace, Rec.
CENTRAL CHAPTER No. 81, o. e..
S.-Regular meeting Wednesday. March
II, 1880.
Mrs. Geo. Downing. w. M.
Edna c. Fularton, Secy.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1909-02-20

every paper has at least six readers,
| Is altogether to mild statement. The
writer once saw a country preacher go
around in a small towr and borrow a
horse from one of the brethren, har-
ness from another and a buggy from
a third man There were good reasons
for this. Five hundred dollars year
salary does not include livery rigs"
But many well-to-do men make a reg
ular business of reading the other
mans daily. II these men could only
hear as the writer does. the remarks of
these business men, that just when l
get chance to read some one else
has it,. and / don't like to offend him
by asking for it, for his trade is worth
something" they would at least ask
for the daily before planting them
selves around the stove in the store
in winter, or out on the dry goods box
in front, in summer. Many bills in the
legislature are introduced by request.
This paragraph is written by request"
While opinions may differ as to the
permanency of reform after Billy
Sunday has worked in a town, there is
no OOuDt Dis TO MS lIllluCllCS DClH5 LSit
in advance. Last Monday morning In
the union station at Marshalltown,
found the outgoing travelling men hard
at it discussing the Sunday meetings.
One prominent among them advanced
the argument that during the coming
revival meetings tho travelling men
should omit their series of dancing
parties that have been 50 popular and
enjoyable. Shove's idea is that out OF
respect to the large number of church
people behind the coming revival
movement these dances should be
omitted. Furthermore, If they con-
tinue. Sundays artillery will he aimed
at them, and, at such g. close range.
danger IS sure. l. e.. damaged feelings.
The other side say they are holding
a set of parties, dancing parties, at
tended by the best people of town, In
GLIDING many church members that see
no harm in such parties. and to close
or omit holding them just because
Sunday Is holding revival meetings, is
virtual admission that they are
afraid of Billy. and that there Is some
thing wrong in dancing parties.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1909-02-20
AN OPPORTUNITY FOR THE RICH.

When the multi millionaire swelter-
ing under his burden of gold and wine
ing under the lash of critics as pre-
dacious' in their pursuit of the multi
millionaire as their prey ever was in
chase of his millions seeks way to
avoid dying rich he finds innumerable
avenues open to him.
One of the latest Is an institution
established at Stamford, Conn, by a
wealthy man who has been for many
years interested in the work of Ed
ward Bigelow, who for ten years has
conducted the department of nature
and science in the ST Nicholas maya
zine. Mr.. Bigelow lives at Stamford
and the philanthropist will build and
will support in that city a complete
working outfit covering more than half
an acre. of ground. This outfit and
its arrangement originated wholly
with this wealthy philanthropist and
lover of children, who has watched for
some time ION the quiet" the work of
pondence with the Cumbersome Of
them in foreign countries-investiga
all the requirements, and without the
suggestion of any one other man than
his architect, is to supply series of
convenient, portable buildings in which
the various departments of the work
will be carried on Systematically.
There will be separate buildings for
offices, museum - for interchange of
specime Observation-Disclosures, lecture hall
for talks to visitors and for regular
instruction to local young folks, astro-
nonical observatory, photograph gal
lery, greenhouse, vivaria, insectary.
pet houses, etc. Viewed from a bal
loon the outfit will seem like "a series
of playhouses with a fence around
them
The man whose money begins to
weigh upon him as his years increase
and his activities lapse into contem-
plative enjoyment or contemplative
misery, who longs to do something or
who breads the inheritance tax, can
help himself. We need hospitals, col
leges, Libraries, parks, public play
grounds, an infinite number of help
full things. Let him take his choice.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1909-02-20
TAKING FIREARMS.

t6NiNu 6InEAOMos
An assemblyman hobs up with bill
to tax firearms, supported by the argu-
price less murder, robbery and af-
trays would take place, and accidents
occur less frequently. He would pro-
fibtt the sale of revolvers entirely
within the state, but pending such pro-
hibition would tax the dealer so per
cent Of the gross sales Of revolvers,
and per cent Of the sales of shot
guns and rifles.
There is not much to be said for this
bill. It will be opposed by tradesmen
and dealers generally, and will be lost
in the shuttle, as it ought to be. If the
bill absolutely prevented the carrying
of short firearms and carried a penalty
sufficiently severe and that could and
would be strictly enforced, there might
be something in 1t. However, it doesn't
and it is. hard to see how under the
present slipshod methods of law en-
forcement it could be enforced if it
did. AS matters stand, Mr.. Dabney's
bill would be bonanza to the catalog
house outside the state, and have little
or no effect in keeping down the
classes Of crime and accident which he
aims to limit.
No matter what the price, the burg
lar and hold-up man is not going With
out the most important tool Of his
trade. The man with murder in his
heart is not going to allow the so per
cent tax on revolvers to stop him. The
young man fool enough to pack gun
will have no difficulty to select from
the pictured catalog one that looks
good to him, and is warranted to kill
at hundred yards" 1t is not at all
likely that Mr. Dabney's bill, were it
by any conceivable chance to pass,
would limit accident or suppress crime.
And this suggests again that we
have enough law now and in force to
do all that Mr.. Dabney can justly
hope might be accomplished by his
bill. The law against carrying con-
cealed weapons has not been repealed.
It simply isn't enforced. All kinds of
men are toting deadly weapons from
a Defender" more dangerous to its
owner than to others, up to an auto
matte pistol that will drive bullet
thru brick WALL and kill at a half
mile. 1t also suggests that some
measure like that offered by the Cos
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1909-02-20

son bills should hang over the heads
of lazy, careless and criminal peace
and executive officers.
Let's try enforcing the laws we have,
and find whether or not it doesn't beat
FORGOTTEN
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1909-02-20

allow the water to filter down out of
reach instead of retaining it for fu-
ture use, as do the clay soils.
The farmer cannot influence the
amount of rainfall, Of course. After
the rain has fallen, however, 1t be-
longs to him to do with as he sees fit.
The way he handles it from this time
on determines to large extent the
size of the crop he will harvest when
fall comes.
The first problem is to get rid of the
surplus ground water quickly, and the
second is to waste as little Of the cap
illary water as possible. An endeavor
should be made to lower the water
table to three or four feet below the
surface as soon as possible after each
rain. If this can be accomplished in
two or three days the growth of the
crop will be interfered with very lit
tie. A few soils are so well drained
naturally that little artificial drainage
is necessary. On almost any farm
there are hills and ridges where the
natural drainage is sufficient. The
hollows between these elevations, how
ever, and all the fiat fields will yield
much larger crops if tiled.
The distance line Of tile will draw"
is in sandy soils often as far as 100
feet on each side, while in heavy clay
soils it may not be more than sixteen
feet. This distance is also affected by
the depth of the tile. The deeper they
are placed the further they will draw.
Tile are usually placed at an average
depth of about three feet, though in
many instances four would be better.
The extra cost of digging the ditch
foot deeper is something Of an objee-
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1909-02-20
Topics Of the Times.

Old Geronimo, "the worst Indian" is
now good one, having complied with
! the old-time specifications.
Half the navy stays in the Pacific If
the senate has it's way. Captain Hob
SON must content himself with half a
loaf as being better than none.
The New York world is screaming
over the elderly of the press The
World is getting a lesson as to the
difference between liberty and license.
OF the new magazines none is MAX
ling more improvement than Hamp-
toms, formerly the Broadway. 1t has
come into the control of editors who
know what the people want to read
about Its special articles are upon
live and present problems, and it's
fiction among the most entertaining
And entertainment is what most Of us
are looking for in fiction.
The attorneys at Keokuk complain
that they have to follow their district
Judge to beer garden in order to
get him to sign legal papers. Did these
attorneys protest at the time of the
election. or was each maneuvering for
his personal "stand-in" with the pros
pective court?
The men who killed early closing Of
the saloons by their defeat Of bill
in the house were not as wise as they
seemed to consider themselves. In Lin
coin, Neb., saloons close early, at or
Is o'clock and the result is that wage
workers are unable to spend as much
of their wages for useless liquor as
they can if permitted to. loaf in sa-
looms until 10 o'clock. On the other
hand men who demand the personal
liberty to drink liquor can exercise
their rights before o'clock without
much inconvenience.
The supreme court of Illinois has
decided that majority of the stock
holders in an Independent telephone
company can not sell out the inter-
ests of the minority to the trust.
t*A
The Davenport Democrats sugges-
ton that an endowed chair OF learn
ing in college or hospital bearing
the name of Allison would be a far
more lasting and worthy monument to
the dead statesman than a statue will
apply to everyone who wishes to in
scribe his name upon the tablets of
time. Marble shafts and bronze fig
ures are out of date as monuments,
compared to endowments which in the
name Of the deceased will continue
to do a public good for all time to
come.
The increasing heat Of the suns rays
will make the hens lay, but it re-
auires message to $4,000 people or
more to sell the breeding stock. The
newspaper ad is necessity in the
poultry business.
The Times-Republican Is now rec
ognized as one of the best, IL not the
best daily papers in the state. They
get the state news and are conserv-
alive and reliable in every respect In
hearing people talk about good reliable
newspapers Of Iowa, the Times-Repub-
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1909-02-20

FIG. Willow TILE DRAINS AFFECT THE
WATER TABLE
rs, surface of the ground; w, water ta-
BILE; G, ground water; T., tile drainsl
soil becomes saturated, however, so
that the water is no longer moving,
the air soon becomes used up, and the
crop will turn yellow and cease to
grow. The remedy, of course, is to
provide drains to remove the ground
water quickly.
The only kind of water which the
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1909-02-20
The Cedar Rapids Gazette concludes

The Cedar Rapids Gazette concludes
that there isn't much occasion for Of
fering bounty on rattlesnakes in
Iowa, but it suggests that there are
pests which ought to be suppressed.
There's the common house-tly. for
instance" continues the Gazette. "also
the mosquito. Why not offer bounties
for the determination Of the fly and
the mosquito?"
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1909-02-20
IOWA OPINIONS AND NOTES.

"As an all-around aid to betterment
of conditions there Is nothing SO eff
fective as increased prosperity on the
farm" says the Waterloo Reporter.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1909-02-20

The Des NIoines Capital states that
in Des Moines, when the heating plant
at the city hall fails to work, all that
is necessary to do Is to have special
session of the city council.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1909-02-20

The primary election law" says the
Burlington Gazette, SIS first class law
if it dominates your man; otherwise
it's COMPOUNDED fraud"
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1909-02-20

what the legislature hasn't done
is beginning to pile up" observes the
Waterloo Courier