davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1909-07-29
Enemies Of Tomato Plants.

Young tomato plants have one en-
envy that if left to do it's work un.
checked will soon sap all the vitality
from the plant. This is a tiny black
beetle often wrongly called a fly. It
does not trouble the plants while they
are in the house, but as soon as set
out of doors, even while they are in
boxes before being transplanted to
the open ground, the beetles appear
in great numbers, and in a few davs
VIII work great havoc. Bug death is
a simple but sure remedy. 1t should
be sprinkled literally upon the leaves.
The plants should be carefully
watched, for sometimes a second or
third application may be necessary.
The potato beetle is another enemy
that will probably appear if the to-
matoes are set near potato field.
For that reason care should be taken
in selecting location for them.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1909-07-29
Galveston Repairing Damage.

Galveston on Friday began rebuild
ing the structures RACED in Wednes-
days storm. Wires are down, hut lat
er reports from the interior show
greater damage and loss of life than
we're sustained in that city. With six
Hnown dead on Tarpon fishing pier,
he list of supposed IL victims has
been cut down. Five were rescued
from the bay alive. The sixth was
dead when taken from the water.
Fourteen others are missing, and dam
age to property is estimated at $780,
000 Twenty-three deaths are known
% have occurred.
The missing are members of the
families of three brothers Alternately,
who left High island Tuesday for Sa-
bine pass. They travelled by wagon
and were TO have camped out on the
beach Tuesday night. Part OF their
equipment has been found.
Graphic tales are told by those who
were swept from the Tarpon fishing
pier, off Galveston, into the gulf and
rescued. clinging 10 bits of wreckage
along the beach near Morgan's point
Ray c. Teetshorn. OF Houston says
that 1t was seven hours after the first
real alarm that the pier gave way
and a party of 10 was cast into the
water.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1909-07-29

of any individual or a variety it is
quickly recombined with different
characters in other individuals. AS
these changes take place with some
frequency, what we call a CONNER
cial variety is actually set of
hybrids between individuals possess
ing various characters. The real eff
feet of selection is gradually to iso-
late strain having characters that
we desire, in so far as such charac-
ters have already been produced by
nature. There is no. question of our
originating anything by this selection.
If there are plants having undesirable
vided there are plants that are with
out these characters, but that is as far
as we can go. In this mixture of types.
the commercial variety, there are
some strains that produce a greater
variety than others. 1t is the aim Of
the line breeder to take out these
types and discard those having less
efficiency. For these reasons we can
see how great is the importance of
our original breeding plot If the type
desired has been included among the
original plants ii can be selected out
and established as a variety. if it
has been left out we can only wait
for nature to produce such type. And
as nature is not prodigal in her new
productions our chances are relative
ly small.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1909-07-29

Ever since plant breeding has been
brought to the front as a means of IN
creasing yields and producing new
qualities, distinct from the mere feed
ing OF crops by means OF fertilizers,
we have been taught that by selection
we could accomplish anything.
Take the character length of ear as
East in Rural New Yorker. Varia-
tons in length are seen in every field
Of corn, no matter what the variety
If we select the longest ears in sue
cessive seaons we are taught that we
shall continually improve the strain
in this character. Even the teachers
have always had an inward con-
seriousness that there must be a limit
to the progress that could be made
in this way, but the thought has been
indefinite, and has been designedly
kept in allegiance. The man who has
been so indiscreet as to ask where the
limit OF his Improvement is TO be has
been judiciously steered into other
lines of thought. Some questions are
hard to answer, and IL was more in
teresting to let him dream of the time
he could fill an order for a bushel of
corn with one lone ear.
Likewise, we have been taught that
by hybridizing two strains we could
obtain any desired new character or
quality IL we only continued on the
job for sufficient length of time. We
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1909-07-29
REAL BASIS FOR
IMPROVING CORN PLANT
There Three Ways Which Advancement Can be
nc Careful Study As Urged.-By


can probably be made, although some
biologists are beginning to lose faith
in it because the results scarcely pay
for the trouble. This Is the selec-
ton of fluctuations. Fluctuations are
the variations that are not due TO
structural changes in the reproductive
cells, but simply to nutrition. They
are, therefore-strictly speaking-not
inherited, but simply give temporary
aid in the development OF the next
generation. For example, let us mag
inc two corn plants having exactly the
same characters; one of these plants
has grown on good soil and Is well
developed, while the other has grown
on poorer soil and is weakly devel
oped. The seed of the well-nurtured
plant has more nutriment stored up
in it, and the young seeding that II
produces has a better start in life
than has a Seeding from the poorly
nurtured plant The actual charac-
tiers inherited by the two plants are
the same, but the seedlings from the
poorly nurtured plant are handi-
capped, and are not so well able to
utilize their food supply and produce
a normal well-developed plant. This
is also true of poorly-nourished ami
mails.
Let us apply these principles to
corn breeding. Corn is a wind-pol-
linated plant, therefore when a change
takes place in the reproductive cells
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1909-07-29
FIRES
HIT MICHIGAN
INDUSTRIES SUFFER IN SEVERAL
MICHIGAN CITIES AND
500 MEN ARE IDLE.
LOSS is ABOUT $125, 900
Ionia, Bay City and Traverse City
Manufacturing Concerns Among the
Heavy Losers-No Lives Lost.

Fires that were costly to important
industries of Michigan In that they
both destroyed valuable property and
stopped all work in the affected insti-
tutions, thus throwing several hun
dred employees out of work temporar-
ily made Sunday with the nights pre-
ceding and following 1t unhappily
memorable. In three cities alone
Traverse City, Ionia and Bay City
the loss will aggregate more than
$4,000 and over 900 men are made
idle
The loss of Handy Bros, Bay City.
In the destruction by fire of their saw
mill, planning mill and box factory
Saturday night will run somewhat
above $4,000. The fire caught from
the boiler room and the concern was
literally wiped out The mills and fac
tory will be rebuilt at once the loss
being nearly covered by the insurance.
Meantime the employees are idle.
The flames spread to nearby build
ings, destroying the Phoenix Brewing
Co.'S warehouse and the dwelling OF
Otto Kruchinski.
TWO or the largest buildings or the
Marvel Manufacturing Co. plant, OPP
posite the Pere Marquette car shops
at Ionia, were destroyed Sunday night
by fire, whose origin has not yet been
discovered. Finished stock to the
value of $4,000 went with the finish
ing building and the cabinet depart
ment. For a time the entire Marvel
plant, as well as the car shops, was
threatened, and the flames were only
checked after hard work by the city
firemen and the Pere Marquette fire
brigade. President Thwaite, of the
Manufacturing concern, places its loss
at $4,000, practically covered by in
surance
The second factory fire in Traverse
City within a week on Sunday morn
ing destroyed two of the main build
ings of the Caldwell & Louden We
hicle factory. The buildings were of
pine and burned rapidly. They con-
tanned the wood working department,
paint shop, engine room and store
house and the latter was practically
filled with finished stock. The loss
will be over $4,000. with $4,000 in
surance The origin of the blaze is I'M
known.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1909-07-29
Hurled From Train.

With both his legs severed close to
his body and his hands badly mangled,
John Stein, formerly employed as a
deckhand on the passenger steamer
City OF Mackinac. was found lying
near the tracks of the Michigan Cen
trail railroad, at Central avenue, Wy
andotte. Saturday night. by two men
who were passing nearby and heard
his cries. He was taken to Emergency
hospital. where he died five hours la
ter. Before he expired. Stein told at
PENDANTS in the hospital that he had
been robbed and thrown from a
freight train by two companions with
whom he had been stealing a ride.
He refused to divulge the names of
his assailants
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1909-07-29
Letting
Them Alone

Things were as dull as they usual
ly are at the small resort hotel where
a few early corners have preceded the
regular season. Therefore the arrival
OF the ridiculously young looking cou-
pie was a cause for the awakening OF
interest and speculation on the part Of
the small rocking chair brigade.
II was given out as authentic by q
charter member of the brigade that
the young couple were bride and
groom, who had come TO that quiet
little spot In the Wisconsin woods to
pass their honeymoon.
By a sort of tacit understanding no
one tried to infiict his or her COM
psny or friendship upon the youthful
couple. For the first few days no one
even stared at them. except very cir
cumspectly.
But then a practical Joker appeared
on the scene. Immediately the young
things were pointed out to his obser-
walton
Does no one know them YETI" he
inquired. STRIKES me that you are
unsociable."
The romantic spinster dropped her
drawn work disapprovingly. Dear
me! How can you be 90 lacking In
sentiment" she asked. why. they
don't even see us. There doesn't ex-
list any one else In the world for them
just now-the dears!" And the spin
ster sighed.
The practical Joker laughed. We'll,
I think they look kind of lonesome"
the Twin Springs and the Indian
Trail? Oh. say! / think that is
snobbish way to treat newcomers. /
must stir things up"
Don't look, don't look" murmured
the spinster, excitedly. Here they
come now" She hurriedly dropped
her eyes on her drawn work.
The young couple came slowly down
the veranda, looked timidly at the TO
mantle spinster and the practical 10
ker, and then sauntered away 30 the
lawn, where they started to play a
game Of croquet. The practical joker
walked nonchalantiy over to the GRO
came 10 the ears of the spinster
where she sat on the porch with
number of others. Later on when
dinner was we'll under way the bride
and groom entered demurely.
An air OF excitement and expectancy
pervaded the dining room and no one
seemed TO have started eating. There
was murmur of subdued laughter as
the young couple reached their chairs
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1909-07-29

and found them tied together
decorated with green boughs and
white blossoms. The laughter broke
out in a storm when a peal of bells
came from somewhere near the cou-
ple Across from them the practical
joker was working his arm back and
forth suspiciously. Then. the bride
caught her foot in. the string and the
cowbells and sleighbells we're discov-
cred attached underneath her chair.
The bride laughed and blushed as
a bride is expected TO do and the
groom grinned as .idiotically as the oc-
CASTOR demanded. But the romantic
spinster at the other end of the table
had a shocked hurt expression on her
face.
Somehow, after all his. trouble, the
practical joker seemed TO be the only
one who would venture to intrude into
Arcadia.
well, who told you they were bride
and groom, anyway" demanded the
practical joker later. after he had lis
tened with apparently good grace to
the reproving lecture of the romantic
spinster and the echoes of her words
from the others.
ANY one with any sense would
have known IT," said the spinster
sharply. And only a person of no
sentiment would have forced his so
ciety upon them and made the poor
dears so uncomfortable"
yes" drawled the practical Joker.
"Then what am |. anyhow? The fact
is that they've been married FIVE
years-eloped when she was 16 and
he 20 They think it's a great Joke
that you people think they're just mar
ried. They helped me TO fix up the
dining room scene. They asked me TO
extend their apologies to you all for
fooling you. for they are going home
TO the children tomorrow"
without a word, In solemn dignity.
the romantic spinster dose and left
the porch, forgetting her beloved
drawn-work, which later blew into the
river.-Chicago Daily Ne1s.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1909-07-29
Parasite Destroys crasshoppers.


A strange parasite is killing off the
plague of grasshoppers that has beset
the farmers in the Upper Peninsula
during the summer K. H. Vanden-
boom, whose dairy farm is the largest
in that section, caught a number of
grasshoppers within the last few days
under the wings of which were found
a half dozen or more small red eggs,
resembling potato bug eggs. From
these eggs worms hatch out. which
enter the lungs of the grasshopper
underneath the wings and within a
short time cause death. The grass
hopper breathes under the wings,
through a small opening that looks
as If covered with isinglass Grass
hoppers have been more destructive
and numerous this reason than for
years past 1t is estimated that they
have destroyed on an average 40 per
cent of the years crop in the Upper
Peninsula The greatest damage has
been done TO hay, pastures and cab
bage, but oats, potatoes, corn and
other crops have been attacked in
lesser degree
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1909-07-29

have only made beginning in breed
many years before we can predict with
the accuracy of a chemical reaction
what will take place on crossing two
individuals; but even now we know
enough of the laws of variation and
heredity to show us that this point
of view is all wrong. The quail
ity of the grist depends upon
the grain in the hopper There
are three and only three ways in
which plants can be improved, and
careful consideration of them shows
the errors in both of the above teach
ings.
1. Every plant is composed of a
large number of characters, each of
which is inherited as a unit. The
basis and the plan by which these
characters develop are held in the fer
tilted egg from which the seed and
finally the plant results. From the
structure within this egg-cell, each
character and through these charac-
tiers, the entire organization is finally
selfconstructed by the utilization of
food materials from the soil and from
the air No permanent variation &C.
ours in a plant unless it occurs first
in the structure of these reproductive
cells. Such variations are therefore,
the only foundation for plant improve
ment, and the sole function of selec-
ton is to pick out the most desirable
of them for propagation. Unfortu-
nately for the. ease of the task. varia-
tions due to nutrition and other
causes, variations that affect the plant
and not the reproductive cells are,
therefore. not inherited, often obscure
the rarer, inherited variations, and
thereby cause much unnecessary and
unavailing selective work.
2. The object of naturalization is to
shuttle and recombine the unit charac-
ters of the parent plant If we knew
what all the results. would be when
these characters combine we could
predict the percentage of the progeny
of a cross that would contain certain
definite combinations of characters.
But we do not know enough concern
ing the inheritance of these characters
TO make predictions We simply know
that we can only expect TO combine
the characters actually possessed by
the parent. For example. resistance
to the disease called wateruelon wilt
was found to be single unit charac-
ter possessed by the first cousin of
the watermelon, the citron This quail
ity was therefore combined with other
desirable qualities possessed by the
watermelon by hybridization. Here
was definite basis upon which 20 work
ana by which tangible results could be
obtained. But supposing no wilt-re-
sistant melon had been known. il
would have been utterly futie, TO have
tried to breed this character into the
watermelon by selection. The water
melon reproductive cell does not pos
sess this character, and on this ac-
count there is no basis upon which
to select. The kind of selectionist
against whom we are speaking would
begin by going into a field and TAX
ing seed from those plants that were
the least affected by the disease, yet
he would never obtain results because
he would be selecting non-affected
plants instead of resistant plants.
3. There is a third method by which
a slight and temporary Improvement
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1909-07-29
WIRELETS.

Missouri wants immigrants TO cul
tivate 100000 acres of unoccupied
tillable land in the state. The Mis-
souri, immigration commission will es-
tablish a bureau on Ellis island.
Harry Orchard. murderer of former
Gov. Steunenberg, Of Idaho, according
to his confession, was baptized at the
penintentiary. The service was per
formed by Elder Steward, a Seventh
Day Adventist
Capt. Peter c. Hams, sentenced to a
term in Sing Sing for the murder or
William f. Annis, is busy inventing a
new street cleaning device in prison.
His case is soon TO come up on appeal
in the APPELLATE division.
Charles w. Eliot, president emeritus
of Harvard, in an address before the
Harvard summer school of theology,
prophesied the advent of a new relig-
ion with no dogma or creed, whose
reliance would be placed on the laws
of nature.
Cornelius p. Shea, ex-president of
the International Brotherhood of
Transfers. and long a prominent la
Dor leader, has been convicted in New
York OF an attempt TO murder Alice
Walsh, a former Chicago waitress,
with whom Shea is alleged to have
liver. The maximum penalty is 20
years.
The fact that Mrs. Honora Tully is
l05 years of old has not prevented her
from enjoying a lobster salad. In fact,
when she attended a wedding celebra-
ton at the home of her grandson in
Brooklyn, n. Y, she remained up until
after midnight bidding the last guest
goodbye, and throughout the evening
enjoyed all the games and gaieties as
much as anyone.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1909-07-29

IL Is not a good plan to pillow bare
soil in bitches and gullies which are
not wanted in fields First fill them
with brush. briars. straw, corn stalks
and any kind of rubbish and then
pillow in the soil The rubbish will
not only catch and hold the soil
plowed in, but it will catch and hold
soil washed into the field from other
sources. When the trash decays and
the gullies become filled. these places
will become level and the deepest and
richest spots in the fields.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1909-07-29
A Live Ghost.

The REV. Carmichael ghost" which
terrified Adair folk after It was seen
through the window of the dead
preachers former home by Peter Bur
gett, turns out to have been a flesh
and-blood creation, after all. 1t tran
spires that the kneeling man in black
was Rev. ]. G. Rutledge. of Port
Hope. who was being shown through
the tenantless parsonage and knelt in
the former study to offer a prayer for
the former occupants. Rev. Rutledge
resembled the dead pastor somewhat,
and when Burgett saw him and heard
his voice in prayer family through
the window 1t took little Imagination
to believe 1t was Carmichael's ghost.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1909-07-29
Cultivate Potatoes Erenu.n.lx

Potatoes are quick growing crop.
hence they require frequent cultiva.
ton for best growth and maturity.
Three or four civilizations will keen
the weeds down in potato patch. but
It requires six OF eight civilizations IN
produce a good potato crop. Every
pays probably larger than
for any other cultivated crop.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1909-07-29

IL is a maxim universally agreed
upon in agriculture, that nothing must
be done too late: and again, that
everything must be done at its proper
season; while there is third precept
which reminds us that opportunities
lost can never be regsiped.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1909-07-29

With the possible exception Of APP
pies, the Holland fruit crop will be a
While officers were serving a war
rant for assault in the pool room of
Alphonse Dubois, of Flint, they found
a gambling layout and arrested the
proprietor. He pleaded guilty and paid
$50 fine. after a number of prominent
men had been listed as witnesses
against him.
The highway commissioners OF
Eaton county are actively engaged In
the effort 20 exterminate Canada
thistles. Several commissioners have
issued official notices 10 every prop
erty owner in his territory to cut the
thistles or to pay the cost of having
the work done and take the chances
OF being prosecuted.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1909-04-24
BRAuOENBURGH IS
Hello BY POLICE
Newspaper Man, With Motor
ious Record, Taken With
Kidnapped Boy.
ENDS ST. LOUIS MYSTERY
ACCUSED MAN ADMITS LAD is HIS
sTEPsoN, JAMES cAsANNE,
TAKEN FROM eRANDMorHER.s
HOME, APRIL is.
ENDS ST. LOUIS MYSTERY

San Francisco. April o4.-Broughton
Brandenbursh. the newspaper and
magazine writer. who fled from New
York. February 1. the day he was to
have appeared for trial on an fndict-
ment charging grand larceny. was ar
rested here. When Brandenburgn
was found at the hotel his eieht-yea--
old stepson. James Shepard Cabanne
III. was with him. The boy was kid
naped from the home of his grand
mother in st. Louis. April Is.
Brandenhurgh at first declined to
admit that the boy with him was his
stepson. but eventually said that the
lad had been taken from his grand
mothers home in St. Louis. April Is.
He declined to say whether he was the
man who had called up the boy's
grandmother over the phone and stat
ed that the boy had been kidnapped and
would be returned within a week.
When informed this morning that
an eight-year-old boy had been found
with the Brandenburghs in San Fran
cisco. . member of the Cabanne family
said that doubtless the child was
James Shepard Cabanne III. At the
time the news of the arrest Branden-
burEh was communicated to the home
OF the boys grandmother. Mrs. julia
Cabanne, the identity OF the lad had
- boe0 1ully established.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1909-04-24

largest vote ever given to q mayor.
atty candidate on the republican ticket
II am nominated.
Il can and will do this because the
people have faith In my integrity to
live up to my promises. they have
faith in my ability to match the prom
ises with intelligent effort. and they
have faith in my win power to per-
form that which I purpose
I am not . coward and I am not q
quitter in any fight for the city's In
terests. I can draw from my support
from Jew and Gentle, Catholic md
Protestant. black and white, business
man and mechanic. because I am toll
Grant in my views"
Az . claimef OF personal proves
this mayoralty candidate seems to con-.
bine the modesty Of an Alexander Dow
lie. DR.. Nunyon and an Immortal ].
n
Seriously speaking. . man Who win
get up before . crowd Of presumably
intelligent people and hand out s4uff
like this about himself ought to be
considered q candidate for Easthave7
and not for mayor OF Richmond. All
the symptoms indicate violent eeous-
mia and megalamania with aecumna,
1xt1k delusic0S 0f Q1ndeuysr