davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1909-09-22
INCREASED CONSUMPTION
WILL REDUCE SURPLUS,

In considering the PEI ctntdge of in
crease in the acreage OF Burley tobac-
co grown this year, and figuring the
amount required to be pooled to make
the growers organization a success,
the fact that the government reports
show an increase of q per cent in con-
sumption during the last twelve
months seems to have been lost
sight Of.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1909-09-22
Testimony From Woodford County

Two lots Of tobacco sold i'm Louis
vile from the 1905 crop.
Fouyhve hogsheads. 1880
pounds net................$ $4,000 b
Charges in LouisvilIe...... 249 81
Sold for an average price on
Louisville breaks ......... 90
Thirty-seyen hogsheads. 32,225
pounds net .............S2.S02 ~
Sold for an average on Louis
vile breaks ............. 6S
Two lots of tobacco sold through the
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1909-09-22

Burnley Tobacco Society out of the 1906
and lN17 ctops
Nineteen hogsheads Of 1906
tobacco. 1,77j pounds net 1851 "a
Average ................. 16 81
FOrtyone hogsheads of 1907
tobaoco, 41,305 pounds net. s6,473 Oi
Average ................ 10 81
can prove this statement at any
time. IS ! have the sale bills at my
home
tSigned- j. B. WYNN.
Sheriff Of Woodford County.
Versailles, Ky, Sept. Is, 1909.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1909-09-22
A GOOD COUNTY CHAIRMAN
DESCRIBES A GOOD
PRECINCT CHAIRMAN

The following card is copied from
the Warsaw Independent because one
of the best county chairmen in the dis
trict has given Unnecessary charac-
teristics of good precinct chairman:
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1909-09-22
THE FARMER WHO
Has NOT TIME.

The farmer VINO has not had time to
read these pages containing the opin-
ions and advice Of the strongest men
in the State will have plenty of time
10 hold his head and agonize and won
der how he is TO pay his debts, buy
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1909-09-22

average Tot eIghI NtdTS, Fo.Oo PCT
l906 crop sold through the pool net.
$ DO per hundred.
l907 crop sold through the pool net,
$3.50 per hundred
Ayerage, $14.50 per hundred
This kind of testimony could be
multiplied by the thousands.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1909-09-22
Testimony From Ohio County, Ind.

II would be impossible for me To- give
average price paid for tobacco in this
county by the American Tobacco Com
pany for a term of years. can ou,N
give prices received by myself Somo
of the sales were made 10 local buy
ers hut The price was about The same
A. the American Tobacco Companl
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1909-09-22

had cen paid on which they never
exp. ed to receive a cent, for which
they ave credit wholly to the tobacco
sOcICr
Many mortgages have been raised.
The towers of tobacco have received
fully cents per pound more for their
tobacco that was pooled than the aver
age rrlce received for a term of years
from 900 10 1901
one of the strongest arguments in
favor IF the pool is the lifting of the
farmer 10 q higher plane upon which
ne t4 ahle To demand and get p square
deal It puts new life and energy into
him Ie is making the business world
sit up and take notice.
DSIg1edD NJ. l.. HARRIS.
Rising Sun. Ind Sent -. 1909
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1909-09-22
A Study OF Expenses. Questions
Bg the Central RECORD

warehouses, or the loose leaf ware
houses, the buyer sets the price and
takes expenses off the price.
If the farmer maintains his own
selling organization. while he has eXN
penses, he can set the price to cover
expenses, that is he can make the
buyer pay the expenses.
Tobacco sold at the barn wet for
71s cents, while it has no apparent
expenses, makes the farmer only the
bare necessities of life-it pays him
about sl.00 per day wages and allows
him so cents per day for his horse.
Sold for a little more at the loose
leaf house or the city markets. the
difference is taken up in fees, commits
sions. freight, drayage. etc.
But If the farmer sells through his
own organization for II cents, at the
greatest cost, he will make above ex-
penses from 4 to cents more than
if he sold by any other method. un.
less he does the unworthy thing of let.
ting some one else maintain the sell.
ing organization and the price while
he stays Gil the outside anu gels a Tree
ride.
But anyone with common sense
knows that sort OF thing cannot long
continue. Human nature will not
stand such imposition and the result
is that in tho end all must come into
the organization or all stay out and
let the price go down.
The Central Record for September
10, 1909, raised the question of ex-
pense and also the question of financ-
ing the small grower. With strong
pool the Burley Tobacco Company will
be in position to take care of every
man who needs money advanced
Careful study will show that only in
organization has the grower any power.
In any event he must pay expenses;
organized he can put the expenses on
the manufacturer and not have the
manufactures take it off of the grower
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1909-09-22

CONTINUED from Firth Pagel
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1909-09-22
Testimony From Bourbon County

James K. Clays crop in pool:
'Ioceeds of II AIS pounds s2,0S5 30
rice per hundred pounds
net IS II
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1909-09-22

If the manufacturing interests ex-
clude the competition OF foreign mer.
chants by n protective tariff, It is
grand national policy; II the farmer
who buys in the market from which
competition has been excluded. or.
ganizes To protect himself against the
grasping manufacturer who has by
combination destroyed competition in
The Washington herald., 1909-11-07
The Tweed Orgy.

Tweed succeeded IN electing his mayor,
Oakley Hall, three times, while he fat
tened on the city treasury. perpetratiug
the most monstrous and bareface frauds
ever undertaken IN any city. State or
nation. Conservative estimates place
the amount Of the plumber at 100000
As an indication OF what was happening
to the city the increase I'm the city debt
from $3sC1O.000 in 1868 to 1896. 900 in
1870 is significant. Reaction cane In 1S7l.
with the creation OF a committee of
seventy 70 break Tweed's power Tweed
and his co-wOrkers were indicted and
driven from power and in 1872 former
Mayor William +. Havemcyer was elected
mayor on an auti-Tammany fusion ticket.
despite the fact that Tammany had again
reformed" and nominated respectable
candidates
Two years later under the skillful gen
eralship OF John Kelly Tammany rose,
phoeniX-like from the ashes and elected
Mayer Wickham over two rival candi-
dates. Once IN power again. Tammany
soon threw OF It's mantle Of virtue. and
adopted its time-wOrn tactics The old
beueficiaries or creatures OF the ring were
welcomed back with open arms John
kelly's dictatorship extended until 1856
during "A considerable part or which time
be ran his machine from the comptroller s
Office He had some setbacks. but in
the main. by hook or crook combines or
compromises. he kept his control The
County Democracy, organized by Abram
$. Hewitt and others ia 1850 gave him "A
good deal Of trouble. In 1ssi. Tor instance.
The Washington herald., 1909-11-07
Worse Than TammaHy.

Woods second administration was
worse than his first The city depart
ment were worm eaten with frauds OF
the gTossest character. His municipal
judiciary were as rotoriously corrupt
as the other branches OF the public
service As a result Of this state OF
affairs powerful anH-Tammany move
ment was started Republicans. Native
Americans. and disanected Tammany
men Joined I'm a fusion movement which
resulted in the election Of Daniel F. Tie
mann. Tammany man, In 1857. Wood.
deprived Of his patronage, was helpless.
and he was expelled from Tammany Hall
by the friends OF Tlemann, who attempted
TO reform it from the inside" Wood
organized fine political machine which
he called Mozart Han and waited his
opportunity. IL soon came. Mayor Tie
mann, trying 10 steer a middle course,
pleased no one Tammany threw him
over and nominated ex-Mayor Have
meyer in 1859 They supported him only
half heartedly, however. and Wood was
FOR a third time elected.
Another Tammauy defalcation came to
light In 1860, when Isaac V. Fowler. the
postmaster. who was grand sachem OF
the order. defaulted with $4,000 govern
ment funds and ran away To Mexico.
Tammany elected John T. Hoffman. a
popular candidate. IN 1866 and 1861. the
result OF the second campaign being
achieved by the most extraordinary
wholesale fraud ever attempted. II was
estimated that fully One-third OF HOff-
mans vote was fraudulent
Mayor Hoffman's administration was
The Washington herald., 1909-11-07
The Repeater appears.

At the November election Of 1877 fraud
was practiced on a hitherto unprece-
denied scale The suffrage had been
recently extended and the property quail
fcation done away with. As a result
there was a great rush 20 control the
immigrant vote. Here the repeater first
Wagon loads Of recent imml-
grants were carried about from ward 20
ward. being used as repeaters at several
polling places. Many voted from three
10 six times. Il was admitted that Illegal
votes ran into the thousands BY such
means Tammauy easily carried the cleo
ton as 10 has many times since
These were found again in the election
Of 1872 The tariff on immigrant votes
was s. a head. but TammaHy had the
most money 20 spend and carried the
city for Jackson. Repeating the pur-
chase Of votes, the voting OF unnatural
lied aliens. carried the day for Tammany
again the next year. In the spring Of
1894 New York voters for the first time
elected their mayor II was a straight
out fight between Tammany. supporting
Cornelius W Lawrence. and the Wings
supporting Gulian G. Verplanck Law
renee won by majority of only Isl in
a hOlt Oh hUOuA rD.NN.. Inc merchant
classes. who largely supported Verplanck,
closed their places Of business and sent
their clerks out 70 vote and work for
HIS success. The polls were open on
three successive days. The old Sixth
ward won its title OF bloody by a
series Of riots that resulted I'm broken
heads and ballot boxes. A mob attacked
the State arsenal, in Franklin street.
hut fIA militia pallTad - Ffu 1nFnyea ayI
saved 1t from destruction.
Disclosures in regard 20 the charter!ng
Of the Seventh Ward Bank showed the
venality Of Tammany's legislators The
incorporators distributed thousands Of
shares among senator's. assemblymen,
and city officers. Each Tammany senator
got $500 in stock. II IS said. The alder
men managed TO come in for their share.
Cash payments and threats were used 20
secure the passage Of a perpetual fran
chise for the Harlem Railroad to use
Fourth avenue, free Of cost Made rash
by the impunlty with which the wholesale
graft had been carried on. Tammany
went one step too far when practically
its entire legislative ticket in 1886 was
made up of notorious lobbyists AS a
result there was a popular uprising. and
many Tammany men Of the better stamp
refused 20 vote But six OF the thirteen
legislative candidates were elected. and
most OF the other nominees were defeated.
The Equal Right men seeded IN a
body from Tammany. and in the fol-
lowing year. with three tickets in the
field, the Wing candidate for mayor
Aaron Clark, was elected. It was Tam
many's first defeat in a mayoralty
election
The Washington herald., 1909-11-07
Familiar Ideas.

In the same month November. 1879,
Napthan Judah, a sachem. and one Of the
big men" Of the hall. was involved In
the Medical Science lottery scandal 1t
developed that Judah, by a corrupt ar
rangement with the lottery agents made
as much as 10000 out OF the swindle.
Public feeling was aroused. but not to
such an extent as to prevent Judahs
reelection as sachem I'm tho following
year. Further disclosures at this time
showed that il was not uncommon praC-
tee to raise street levels and lower them
again as soon as they were raised. merely
I'm order 20 keep Tammany contractors
In jobs. This all sounds familiar.
One Of the most sensational scandals IN
which Tammany leaders have ever been
involved came I'm 1876. when Matthew
Davis. grand sachem; Jacob Barker. and
Henry EcAfOrd, sachems. and others were
indicted for defrauding the Mechanics
Fire Insurance Company out Of securities
worth several millions Of dollars. They
were all convicted on second trial but
powerful influences Wero at once set
under way 10 prevent their paying the
penalty. Eventually Davis was tried a
third time, and through political influence
acquitted. Barker. through the lavish
use OF money. secured delay and finally
went South, where he died ECkford fed
the country, and as usual only the small
fry" suffered punishment.
The Washington herald., 1909-11-07
Ext0rtiOn and Theft.

Between 1896 and 1909 there was a series
OF disclosures involving Tammany office
holders I'm dishonest practices. Benjamin
Romaine, a grand sachem. was removed
from the office Of city comptroller In 1906
for malfeasance. the charge being that, as
a trustee of city property, he had fraud
ulently obtained land in the city without
paying for IT, He was never prosecuted,
and a few years later was again elected
grand sachem. In 1877. Cornelius Warner,
superintendent Of public repairs. was re-
moved summarly. Il having been dis
covered that he had defrauded both the
city and his own departmental employees
in the same year, Jonas Humbert. a
sHchem, was forced to resign the Office OF
city inspector Of bread. as a result Of
disclosures that he had eXtOrted a third
OF the fees collected by Flour Inspector
Jones on the threat Of discharging him
In 1905. Abraham Stage, another grand
sachem. and collector OF assessments
was found 10 be 1000 short IN his ac-
counts. He made good the deficit. re-
NAMED a leader IN the organization
and was long a street-paving contractor
Page and Alderman. two other collectors,
were likewise discovered 20 be embezzlers.
Page settled and was not prosecuted;
Ackerman disappeared. Alderman John
Bingham a sachem. and one OF the or
ganlzatlon's most popular leaders. was
compelled 70 make good 20 the city loss
entailed through the conveyance to the
city OF an exorbitant price Of a piece
Of land owned by his brother-n-law.
Even Burrs friend Davis was caught
smuggling flour out Of the city in viola
ton Of the embargo which he was loudly
defending on the platform.
But most startling Of all were the dis
closures IN 1909 that WIlim Mooney. the
founder of the society, and superintend-
ent OF the almshouse. had in one year
appropriated for his own use $1,000 of the
city's money. $1,000 worth of supplies, and
some smaller amounts for "trihes for Mrs.
Mooney as ne phrased it. Ho was re-
moved from Office, but in a few years
the society again honored hime by elect
ing him grand sachem.
The Washington herald., 1909-11-07
It's History Has Been One of Theft Craft Election Frauds
Prosecutions, and Investigations Even It's
Founder Was Removed from Office

realize the benefit TO be derived from
contracts, and for many years practically
all city contracts were awarded either to
aldermen or their relatives or business
associates.
Tammany began its manipulation OF the
police force as early as 1Sl6 There was
no civil service then. and the aldermen
had complete control. They started I'm
TO remove every Federalist police captain
in the city. The practice becoming estab-
lished and soon extending 20 the rank
and file. created a condition OF demorali-
ZatiOn I'm the force which existed for half
a century. and made possible many OF the
lawlegs outbreaks OF later day. About
this time Tammany inaugurated another
vicious programme which resulted in
untold loss to the city. They hit upon
the plan Of covering up the regular def
cts due to waste. extravaganza. and
worse. by selling valuable lands owned
by the city These We're always sacrificed
at private sale at much less than their
actual values. despite the fact that all
land values were rising rapidly. But as
Tammany leaders and aldermen were
almost always the purchasers the reason
for such a course was plain.
Monroe's administration. the era OF
good feeling was not period Of COM
plete peace in the politics OF New York
city. The taxpayers began TO str, They
complained at the increase Of the tax
levy from $4,000, in 1917. 20 $4,000 IN ISIS,
as outrageous. Charges of extravaganza
and peculation seemed 10 be borne out
by subsequent disclosures. Ruggles Hub
bard a sachem. and county sheriff. alb
seconded and J. l.. Broome another
sachem, then city clerk, was removed
for having failed TO compel Hubbard 10
give bonds. Before the year was out
John p. Hass. grand sachem. was re-
moved by President Monroe from the
Office Of surveyor Of the port, for corrup-
ton
The Washington herald., 1909-11-07
DEEP BRAND OF TAMMANY EXTENDS BACK 12O YEARS

OF scandals followed. The chief disclos-
ures had to do with the alleged existence
OF an aldermanic ring, formed TO receive
and distribute brides. II was testified
before the grand jury that $4,000 was
spent IN getting the Eighth and Ninth
avenue street railway franchises through
the Tammany board. and that $4,000 was
paid for the Third avenue franchise. The
head OF this ring was Alderman Cornell,
a sachem. Other members who accepted
brides were Tweed (who got $1,000, +. F.
Purdy. grand sachem. and Van Sshaick,
who was a former Tammany mayOralty
candidate II was by means Of brides
that Jake" Sharp obtained a franchise
In Broadway. with small compensation,
over i've responsible bids from respon-
sible persons. Ferry franchises also
proved a rich source OF income 10 this
ring. Jake" Sharp paying them $4,000 for
putting the Wall Street ferry into his
hands. The Gansevoort Market property
was sold for $4,000 in the face Of bid
for 100000. the transaction netting the
ring somewhere between $4,000 and
$4,000. Strike" ordinances were com
mon, and it cost money to prevent as
well as TO pass measures
such wholesale disclosures resulted In a
vigorous reform movement. The City Re
form party was organized and set under
way a campaign for a reform charter
which should deprive the aldermen OF
power Tammany. fearful OF defeat
declared for the reformed charter. and II
was passed. The City Reformers elected
their city council the next year. but itF
record was not good and II paved the way
for the election Of Fernando Wood in
1854 against an opposition which he had
adroitly divided. Wood started out with
fair promises. but his administration soor
developed into one Of the most corrupt
which the city has ever suffered. He even
slienated Tammany sachems by his greed
for public plumber The result was a
Tammany split at the election Of 1856
Bribery and trading were open, but
The Washington herald., 1909-11-07
Investigations.

IN 1890 there was a legislative investi-
cation - the Fassett committee which
ought 10 have made Tammany's defeat
possible. Startling testimony IN regard 10
the system Of paying for nominations and
dividing up salaries with the organlza-
ton was brought out But the mayoralty
election was held then in the fall and
the Democratic sweep In the nation car
-ied the Tammany ticket 70 victory.
despite a strong fusion movement. The
same thing happened when Gilroy was
carried into the mayors Office IN 1892
r. 1884. however. the proof % police cor
ruptiOn brought ont On tho new LexOw
investigation resulted directly IN the cleo
ton Of Mayor Strong on fusion ticket.
In Ike manner the cumulative result OF
the Mazct inquiry. with fits dlsclosurs
OF Croker working for his pocket all
the time" and the red light scandal. led
directly 10 the election Of Seth Low in
1901 From 1850 20 1870 g is the same
story one long tale Of the perpetual
piii1g up 0f r0tteuness ard corruption,
until even cauOused or Indifferent Tam
many men can stand it no longer.
The Washington herald., 1909-11-07
Some of It's Early Tricks.

Burr's Tammany began Its career OF
CARRYING elections by questionable means
as early as 1901. In the election OF that
year they had recourse 20 a species OF
colonizlug. There was a property quail
fcatlon for voting I'm those days. and the
scheme had 20 be adapted 10 that re-
qulrement. With money said 20 have
been furnished by subscriptions among
the Weather members, thirty-nine young
Tammany men jointly bought a house
in the Fifth ward, and seventy joined
in a Ike project In the Fourth ward.
The election results showed that the
number Of ready-made householders had
been calculated so accurately as 10 give
Tammany a majority in both wards. and
the subsequent control Of the board OF
aldermen.
a typical display OF Tammany patriot
ism il 1875 OF which there have been
many similar occurrences. developed
ultimately into a public scandal. The
society made a great to-do about the
Jersey" prison ship martyrs in that
year. and began with much trumpetlng
70 collect a popular subscription for the
erection OF n monument 20 their memory
Tho bones once safely inferred in tSe
vault I'm Wallabout. however, the society
straightway forgot all about the sub
scripu0n, until 1871. when charges Of the
miaappropriation of the fund led 10 a
temporary revival Of the monument
schemes. The revival" however. only
made things worse. Tammany members
OF tho legislature secured state apprO-
priatiOn Of $1,000 to aid the plan This
money. Ike the original popular sub
scTipuOn, remained In the hands Of the
Tammany treasurer. and despite frequent
threats Of legal procedure. IL was never
returned 90 the State. Nor was II ever
used TO erect the monument
The Washington herald., 1909-11-07

Twelve days after George Washington
was inaugurated first Presid,8t of the
United States. in Wall street iammany
was organized IN n tavern on lower
Broadway. on the 18TH Of last
May Il celebrated its 10th birth
day. During the twelve decades OF
It's existence Il has been for the greater
part Of the time the dominant political
power IN the American metropolis. As
the oldest political organization in con-
tinuously active existence IN the country,
II has had the opportunity TO become the
greatest force for the creation Of high
type OF municipal government. But what
does its record show? asks a writer in
the New York Post
Il shows "A practically unbroken line OF
opposition to all men who have sought 10
make better the conditions OF life. polit-
ical. social and economic. I'm this city,
persistent opposition TO all measures that
have been aimed at the accomplishment
OF that result from the days when the
founders Of Tammanv opposed the adop-
ton OF the Federal Constitution. and
sought to achieve their end by the arous-
ing OF class laLtNr 10 llo present Jay
when many of It's leaders seek 20 main
tain their power by protecting evil con-
ditlons. and. as Grover Cleveland ex-
pressed #. the organization IS held to-
gether only by "the cohesive power OF
public plumber
William Mooney. its reputed founder
and first grand sachem, kept an uphol-
stery shop in Nassau street. He was
charged with being a deserter from the
Continental army I'm ZIG, and with having
subsequently served against his country
men I'm the British army. but the truth
or falsity Of this charge has never been
established. This UphOsterer. Mooney,
was a lifelong adherent and satellite Of
Aaron Burr. and Burr it was who was
tho first real leader OF Tammany Hall
He himself never held Office in the organ
ization and seldom went near the
'Wigwam," as the societys meeting
place was called from the first But
through his intimate. Matthew Davis, the
society was adroitly nodded into close
political corporation, with the control In
the hands of Burrs friends. These men,
tho first rulers of the Tammany machine,
the direct precursors OF the district
leaders OF to-day were nearly all. sooner
OF later. guilty OF some act OF public
or private dishonesty.