davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1909-11-21

Queensland is the sugar producing
State of the Commonwealth Of Austria
liza, because her rich agricultural lands
are in tropical and semi-tropical Iati-
tudes.
The "plantation" system is now
rapidly passing away, That system,
which means the large capitalist and
the large plantation with small staff
Of white men and a colony Of colored
subject labor, obtains in most Of the
sugar growing countries. On. such plan
tatious the large cultivated areas lie
contiguous to the mills and the grow
ing and manufacturing are one concern.
Today the leading feature of the sugar
industry in Queensland is the number
of small white cane-growers engaged in
it, supplying cane to cooperative cen
tral mills Of which they are proprie-
tors. as compared with the large estate
owners Of the past. Twenty years ago
the big plantation system was FREEDOM
inant, but every year these estates are
being converted into settlements of
whte farmers. As a matter Of fact,
cane growing has changed from being
the work of few planters and com
panies to become the most essentially
democratic industry in Queensland. This
makes it difficult, in fact, almost i'm
possible, to compare Queensland as
surar-producing country with other
cane growing countries which retain
the old system. The growing Of cane
by small farmers is found, however, in
louisiana; to a very much slighter ex-
tent in the Hawaiian Islands; and like
wise in some other lands. But in Queens
land recently, and more particularly
since the Inauguration of the govern
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1909-11-21

puts the mills into operation, and, as
the mills depend wholly upon the fields,
il appears that the future Of the sugar
industry Of the state Is very much IN
the hands of those numerous and small
white cane,growers.
At the time Of this report $1,000
there were 2.G10 cane growers in
Queensland. At the present time there
are between 5000 and 5000 persons en-
gagged in growing sugar-caDe IN the
state. and a class of independent we'll
TODD white farmers are being steadily
settled on their own holdings. Apart
from the establishment of the central
mill system by the government-whIeh
advanced the necessary capital on mort
gage-other factors have contributed
largely to this result.
The action Of the great private sugar
milI-owners and the pr0prletors OF the
big pIantations-who are more or less
ready to cut up their estates into farms
as we'll as the progressive and liberal
policy of the Colonial Sugar Refining
Company, Limited-an association pos
sessing huge sugar interests-have all
been in the direction of settling com
munitv of selfreliant small white cane
growers on the soil.
These men are not only peopling the
cane areas with white race but will,
in time (as their families increase),
provide the labor required for contract
cane-cntting.
/ There never was time in the history
of Queensland when any person DESTROYS
of becoming a sugar-cane farmer could
find easier conditions or greater facill-
ties for success. The government, the
large planter, and the big sugar mill
owner are all ready to assist him to
start. 1t has moreover, been proved
that more cane can be produced from
given area, cut up into farms worked
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1909-11-21

ter for years continued to be long
drawn out political battle between the
advocates of black labor on the one
hand and white labor on the other.
Such was the state of affairs at the
date of the commencement of the Com
monwealth 1t will thus be seen that,
with the exception Of an Act passed
for their exclusion in 1855, which it
was soon found necessary to rescind,
black labor continued to be the prin,
cipal labor employed in growing.
But on the 18th December. 1901, the
Pacific Island Laborers Act 1891 Tan
Act of the federal parliament) received
the royal assent. That Act provided
that no Pacific Islander should enter
Australia on or after the 31st day of
March, 1904, and that none should en-
ter before that date, except under
license provided in the Act, and that
no agreement should be made or re-
main in force after the 31st December,
1904. The Act also conferred power
to depo islanders, and, at time of
writing. the last of the kanakas, except
those who by reason of being too old
or sick, or being married to white
women, or having been twenty years in
the state, returned to their homes.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1909-11-21

atory for Analysing soils has also been
established.
Brief History.
Sugar cane was first grown in Aus
tralia in the year 1928 by a Thomas
Scott. This gentleman at Port Mac
quarie. in New South Wales, made 20
tons of sugar in 1927.
In 1847 sugar cane was introduced
into Queensland, the manufacture of
sugar from Queensland grown cane be-
ing first accom- lished by a Mr.. Buhot
in 1862. This cane was grown in the
botanic gardens in Brisbane. The
honor, however, of placing the sugar
growing industry on a substantial basis
is undoubtedly due to Captain, the
Hon. Louis Hope, who in 1868 had %
acres under cane at Cleveland. During
the years 186364 the industry made
good Roadway, until in 1867 there
were about 1000 acres under cane and
six mills at work. In 1869 there were
twenty-eight mills in existence and
some 5000 acres under cane.
The industry continued to prosper
until 1875, when a check was expert
enced owing to a disease known as
crust accentuated by the soft vari-
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1909-11-21

were free to make their own terms as
to wages, generally getting from $40 TO
$50 per annum. -
They were prohibited from engaging
in any work outside the canefelds. The
employment of so many thousand black
laborers in the eanefields was for years
a sore point with the white working
men of Queensland. They contended
that any field work done by kanakas
in the tropical heat of the coastal
lands could be quite as efficiently ae
complished by white laborers, provided
that sufficiently high rate of wages
were paid. The kanakas were in fact
regarded as taking the bread out of the
mouths of the white men. The planters,
on the other hand, maintained that
white laborers were not available for
work in the tropical heat of the cane
fields, shut in by the jungle growths of
cane; and that even if they were, the
industry could not afford the high rate
of wages asked for, the Queensland
cane planters having to meet in open
connection the cheap sugars produced
by the colored labor of other countries.
The planters also contended that
white laborers were not obtainable in
sufficient numbers, and any delay caus-
ed by labor disturbances at a critical
time meant irreparable loss. This mat
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1909-11-21

ETY. of cane grown.
Harder varieties of cane, with i'm
proved methods of cultivation, however,
overcame these difficulties, and the in
dustry once more forged ahead.
During the years 1S79-s0 there was
quite a rush for sugar lands in Qeens-
land. Capital for any purpose in con-
nection with sugar was available in
unlimited quantity. The industry liter
ally doomed for the next year or two.
Government statistics for 1888 81
showed 43,307 acres under cane, of
which 27,792 acres were crushed. There
were 157 mills-that is, complete sugar
making plants and juice mills-and the
output of sugar was 34,14s tons. About
this time (1SS3 S4)-through premature
legislation-a second check was expert
enced, and the sugar industry bid fair
to be wiped out altogether.
In 1885 the legislative assembly vot-
ed a sum of ESQ, 900 to be lent for the
purpose of erecting central mills. This
sum was divided between the North
Eton and Racecourse Mills. both in the
Mackay District. This experiment dem
onstrated the utility of central mills;
for from this period the large estates
began to be subdivided into small farms
varying from so to 100 acres each, and
leased or sold on reasonable terms thus
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1909-11-21

payment to the government of the
money advanced for its erection and
equipment.
During the first. thirty years or so,
the labor required for the canefelds of
Queensland was drawn from the South
Sea Islands. These islanders were in
troduced under government supervision,
and were shipped over in schooners,
each of which carried an accredited gov
eminent agent. These schooners piled
regularly between Queensland and the
South Sea Islands. The kanakas were
engaged for a term of three years, at
the end of which they could either
avail themselves of free return pas
sage to their islands, or we're at liberty
to enter into fresh contracts. Their
rate of pay was minimum of f6 per
head per annum; cost, with board,
lodging, and clothing, about f37 per
head. For the return of the islanders
the planters paid Go per head and 81
los. for upervision-wh which latter fee
was afterwards raised to f3-and for
hospital capitation fee los, subse-
quently increased to 81. Those who
elected to remain in Queensland after
the termination of their first agreement
were then termed overtime boys, and
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1909-11-21

ment central mill system, most of the
large estates are being divided up into
small farms and rented or sold to white
cane growers. In some of the West In
dian Islands these central mills, or
sAusines' as they are sometimes called,
have been also established, and in their
efforts TO create class of small cane
growers Queensland results are often
referred to as an example of success
worthy of emulation. 1t may perhaps
be surprise to some people to learn
how Queensland has shown the way to
the older sugar countries in this re
speet.
DR. Maxwell, late director of the
state sugar bureau, in his report to the
Commonwealth government on the con
ditiou of the industry, previous to his
appointment, said: alt is found that
most of the large sugar-growing estates
which were originally in the hands OF
large planters, have been cut up into
farms and rented or sold to numerous
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1909-11-21

1907. This output of sugar establish
ed record for the state, due to the
very high saeeharine contents of the
cane cut, especially at Ingham, Mouri-
Ivan, Ayr, and Mackay. The amount
of capital invested in the industry is
computed at 100000; the capital
value of machinery, premises and land
being put down at f2,500,000.
The amount expended on the pro
duction of sugar crop in 1907 was e. :
COS 1898.
The average yield in 1907 was 1864
tons per acre, which returned about
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1909-11-21

settling hundreds of small farmers on
the land.
In November, 1855, the depression in
the sugar industry still existing, a
royal commission was appointed to
enquire into the cause of such, the best
meags TO be adopted to revive and
maintain its prosperity, and generally
into the prospects of tropical agricul-
ture in Queensland.
In 1898 the Sugar Works Guarantee
Act was passed. This was an Act TO
authorize the making of advances by
way OF guaranteed loans for the estab-
lishment Of sugar works, and TO provide
for the payment of advances.
Under the Act any group of farmers
could form themselves into coopera-
tive company, and by mortgaging their
lands to the government obtain suf
ficient capital TO erect a mill, which
became their property subject to the
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1909-11-21

two tons Of sugar per acre. The cane
per acre crushed last year was 1854
tons: the yield of suga per acre was
1.64, and the cane per ton of sugar
was 9.49; the lower average in 1908
being due to late frosts. About nine
tons Of cane go to ton of sugar.
This, Of course, varies with the dis
trict. Some of the mills in the more
favored districts during good year
get the tonnage of cane to a ton of
sugar down to eight. The cost of
producing one ton of sugar varies also
according to the size and quality of
the crop The cost of producing one
ton of raw sugar is about so, and
refined sugar realizes about SIC per
ton. There is a sugar experiment sta
ton maintained by the government at
Maekay where all experiments with
regard to cane growing are carried on;
and at Bundaberg a government labor
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1909-11-21

as separate holdings, than from the
same area worked by colored labor on
the old plantation system. So that the
big PLATTER is quite willing to cut up
all his land, if necessary, either selling
or leasing it, and eonfne himself to
crushing the sugar-cane in his mill.
With regard to the other mills the
policy is the same, because the more
cane they can get to crush the greater
the profits, and the more they sub
divide their land for the small cane
grower the heavier the crop.
The total area under sugarcane in
Queensland was 126,S10 acres in 1907,
the acreage for 1908 being 123,902
acres.
The area crushed last year was o..
2l9 acres; the weight of cane was
1,433,3l5 tons; the yield of sugar, 151,-
09S tons.
Out of the whole Commonwealth
production of sugar-viz 211,725 tons
Queensland produced 18s,307 tons in
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1909-11-21

DR.. j. H. YMOND
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON
Alakea Street Mauka Pacific Club
Office Hours-From 10 to y; from
2 to 4 from to 8.
SUNDAYS 10 TO y
Tel.-ofiee. $50. Residence, 1850
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1909-11-21

cane-growers. These facts place be-
fore rs situation that is almost unique
and peculiar to Queensland. In other
sugar countries the estates are in the
hands of extensive owners or controlled
by large corporations, which condition
of things carries with it the conse-
auenee that a minimum number of
white men are located on the land. -
I'm this State the ownership or oc-
eu'prfey embraces a vast number of
strong, progressive white men, who are
settled over all the sugar growing areas.
These men furnish the material which
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1909-11-21

When A. T. Stewart conceived the
idea of setting up a coat OF arms, he
went to w R. Travers, the New York
wit, for advice. Mr.. Travers suggest
ed an employer rampant. chasing a
lazy salesman with a yard-stiek. and
Mr.. Stewart did not speak to him
again for month This aneedote is
probably about as authentic as the
other. which states that Mr.. Stewart
being extremely loquacious at state
banquet at Delmonieo's. Mr.. Travers
silenced him by calling the length of
the table, "Cash!,''
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1909-11-21

farmer first so as to get some expert.
enee before he starts.
By these means the beginner gets
the bedrock experience that he needs,
and adds little at the same time to
his capital; and when he does commence
he is not likely TO make mistakes which
would end in the loss of the whole Of
his money.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1909-11-21

Laffan-You are rich enough to buy
an automobile. Why don't you do itf
Grofat-Because l 'm not rich enough
to own one-Chicago Tribune
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1909-04-15
C0unty's First Bluegrass.

Le-4 -..hes thinks Monroe, in
stcot - .ac0n. deserves credit for
The u,.. START of Bluegrass in Mis-
souri,. His grandfather, John New
som, formerly of Greenbriar coun-
ty, Ky, broke out a piece of ground
on what is now the A. o. CalhoOn
farm near Victor in 1929, and sowed
it II Bluegrass. His nearest neigh
Dor was on the Hickman place and
the next one on the Bart White place.
Wishing to erect a big barn and be-
ing unable to get help in that vi
cinity, Mr.. NewsOm went to Ran
dolph county and after a weeks
hard riding found enough men to
do the work. Paris Appeal.
Wouldn't that jar you? No Won
der Jack didn't want some news
paper men to talk seed corn"
Bluegrass WAS in Missouri before
the white man. The English found
a bluegrass" in Virginia. The Vir-
ginian found another variety of
bluegrass" in Kentucky and the
Virginian and Kentuckian found
bluegrass in Missouri. Why? Be-
cause it is indigenous to the soil.
But the only true bluegrass" the
Virginian, is not equal in quantity
to the Missouri goods.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1909-04-15
Tariff Absurdities.

Wool is one of the most import
ant of the raw materials in manu-
facture, and the Textile World
Record of Boston, computes that the
duty on the lowest grades of I'M
ports of wool is from 500 per cent
to 700 per cent. Skyscraper duties
exist on hundreds of chemicals and
these enter into every branch Of
manufacture. Nearly half of all
importations of raw materials for
our factories pay duties. The Ger
man manufacturers import about
$250,000000 worth of wool, cotton,
rubber, petroleum and hemp each
year for their factories without any
duties whatever. We alone among
all the civilized countries of the
earth impose duties upon the raw
material of our highly manufacture
ed products. Take the duties off
raw materials and our manufaetur-
ers would 90 out and possess the
earth. Take the duties off raw ma
terials, and we would be building
ships for the world. Do away with
our barbarous navigation act pro-
hibiting American registry of for
eien-built vessel owned by an Amer
lean and we would take our share
of the carrying trade of the world.
One hundred and thirty-six steam
ships with a gross tonnage of 672,-
ass tons, built in foreign countries,
but owned by Americans and deni-
ed American registry by reason
thereof, are engaged today in carry
ing goods under the flag of Great
Britain, Germany, Belgium or Nor
way. Quincy Herald.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1909-04-15
Huston Tooley.

Thursday evening at 8 o'clock
one of the most quiet and beautiful
home wedding of the spring was
solemnized by Rev. B. D. Weeks at
the home of the brides parents, MIR.
and Mrs. P. w. Huston.
The pair made happy by the GER
emory were Miss Lilly Huston and
Ennis Tooley.
None but the brides family and
the parents, brother and sister of
the groom were present.
After refreshments were served
the couple drove to their home east
of the city.
Mrs. Lilly Huston Tooley while of
a quiet unassuming nature was ac-
tive and prominent in church
work.
Mr.. Tooley was reared in this
city and is popular here. Congrat-
ulatiOnS.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1909-04-15
Where News is No News.

A country correspondent for
Kentucky newspaper once found
himself in the mountains of that
State looking for items of interest
to his journal.
There amt a bit of news" said
one farmer. "All down this way
are too busy with their crops to
think of anything else"
Fine crops this year, eh?" asked
the correspondent.
Couldn't be better" asserted the
farmer. Il oughter be in my field
right now, an l would only l came
to town to see the Coroner"
The Coroner"
Yes; he's wanted to hold an in
quest on couple of fellers in our
place."
"Accident?"
Il reckon not. Ran Morgan amt
doin' nOthin' like that by accident.
He got Jim Jeffords and brother
Tom, with two shots. Got to have
an inquest, though"
What led to the fight?"
There want no fight. Ran new
er gave the other fellers any chance
to make a fight. Jes' hid behind a
tree an give it to 'em as they came
along"
Has Ran been arrested?"
mo. What's the uSef" Some {
the JeffOrds' people come along
burned Rams house, shot him an
his wife, an set fire to the barn. NJ
Ran amt been arrested. But | ain
got time to stand heah talkin' t
you. But there amt any new
down our way. Eff anything hap
pens I'll let you know" Harper
| Weekly.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1909-04-15
Non Loanable.

Several times lately subscribers
of the Democrat have asked us:
Say can't you print a non loan
able paper?"
The questions have been caused
by those people who can afford to but
do not subscribe for the paper, but
are regular borrowers and frequent
ly borrow and forget to return, be-
fore those who pay for it have
an opportunity to read it them
selves. Really it looks little.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1909-04-15
Hardesty for Harmony.

Jefferson City, Mo-, April 9.-Rep-
resentative j. Weldon HardeSty, a
member of the house committee
conducting an Investigation of the
expenditures of the state university
during the last biennial period takes
exception to statements attributed
to him during visit to the univer-
sity at Columbia Tuesday with 9th
ar members of the committee.
Mr.. Hardesty was quoted as say
IND most of the complaints comes
from crossroads" also that he
now" appreciates the Importance
of the university. He says he has
never failed to stand for higher ed
ucation and always has appreciated
the universitys worth.
What really did say in an adj
dress at Columbia" said Mr.. Har'
desty was this: I shall do moth.
ing, say nothing, sign nothing which
will hinder the progress of the uni
versity. Most Of the complaint:
against the university is due to the
lack of thorough understanding o
the needs Of the men at the cross
roads, and those at the helm o
higher education
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1909-04-15
ASTHMA VANISHES.
So Does Catarrh, Group, Hay
Fever and Bronchitis.

Hyomei is a confidence creator.
The first time you breathe in this
powerful yet soothing, antiseptic
air, you will know that it has mar
velous curative virtues. There is
nothing disagreeable about HyOmei.
1t is a very pleasant and prompt
remedy for catarrh, colds, asthma,
Group, bronchitis, etc.
If your head is so stuffed with
mucous that you cannot breathe
particle of air through your nostrils,
Hyomei will open them up and
give relief in five minutes.
Why will sensible people suffer
longer, why will they wheeze and
hawk and spit and smother, when
L. M. Wood will guarantee IHyomei
to cure or money back $100 is all
L. M. Wood asks for a complete
outfit.
Il have used Hyomei for hay
fever, and can pronounce it the
best relief for this trouble that |
ever tried or heard of. | have had
this malady for years, and have
dactored and used many remedies,
but Hyomei is far ahead OF any the
othors. and has my hearty endorse
ment." Mrs. M. S. Martin. Cassopo-
| lis, Mich.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1909-04-15
A Spendthrift Nation.

The government is spending
more money than at any period in
its history and extravaganza is urg-
ed by the interests who want the
tariff maintained under the mis-
taken claim that it brings in reye-
nue., essential to maintaining the
administration. The total expendi-
lures of the last Cleveland admins
tration were $1,574, 100000. The
appropriations for the last Roose-
welt term were $3,215.0O0,00O. That
is more than twice as much as I'M
der Cleveland. The expenses of no
nation on earth ever swelled at
such a ratio as this in so brief a
time and in time of peace at that.
In the last two years of Grover
Cleveland the appropriations were
$954,0O0,000. For the first two
years of Taft the estimates already
are $2.50O,OOO,OOO, or almost three
times as much 1t was Roosevelt
who assassinated the economic spir-
it in congress. The moment he
went into power expenses began to
increase so per cent over the Nc
Kinley administration and more
than twice as great as Cleveland.
1t will take ten years to get away
from the legacy of extravagant
ideas which he left behind and
Taft is absolutely helpless in the
face of the burdens already impOs-
ed. Quincy Herald
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1909-04-15
Moved.

DR.. A. w. Miles has moved to
his pretty home corner of Davis
and Park Streets.
Ferd Wood has moved to what
is known as the DR.. A. w. Ely resi-
dence property on Davis between
Summer and Dover Streets.
j. E. Spiker has moved to the
property vacated by j. F. Rodgers
on Lawn between Davis and Wash
ington Streets.