The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1909-08-13
HISTORY OF THE BILL.

VI
The new tariff law will be known In
history as the Payne BILL taking its
name from the chairman of the house
committee of ways and means. the
Hon. Serene T.. Payne of New York.
who also had part In framing the
Mckinley and Dingley acts. Actually
1t should perhaps be called the Payne
Aldrich bill. as the chairman OF the
senate finance committee has had quite
as much to do with debating its final
provisions as Mr.. Payne. On this line
OF reasoning. however. there are those
who insist that 1t should be called the
Taft bill. as the hand of the president
has been seen In all the moves that
have shaped it from the days Of the
Republican national convention that
nominated him and adopted a plank
for tariff revision up until the hour OF
the final fight In conference committee,
wlren the big man In the White House
made his historic fight for free raw
materials and for carrying out the
promises OF the party.
II is the first time there has been u
change OF the tariff laws In twelve
years. the Dingley act having gone
into effect In 1897. The inception OF
that law was strikingly like that Of
the present. In each case 1t was en-
acted by an extra session OF congress.
called rs the first act Of an incoming
administration. More noteworthy still.
each of these extra sessions was called
to meet on March 10. the first one
having been issued'by William Meflin-'
ley OF Ohio. the last by william How
ard Taft Of Ohio.
The Tariff Plank.
The agitation within the Republican
party for revision Of the Dingley
act has gone on from the days OF the
Iowa idea" until at last II eliminated
In the plank In the last Republican
platform beginning:
The Republican party declares IN
equlvOcally for revision OF the tar
ltf by a special session Of congress i'm
medlately following the Inauguration
Of the next president"
In his campaign on that PLATFORM
Mr. Taft construed this plank as mean
ing revision downward. a point that he
insisted on In his speeches and finally
clinched in his inaugural address when
he said that conditions had so changed
relative to the Dingley act that they
will permit the reduction Of rates in
certain schedules and will require the
advancement OF few. II any" That |
meant revision downward, which wns
recognized substantially by the house
bill. but was changed to actual re-
vision upward by the senate bill. II
was at this point that the president |
quietly but firmly injected himself |
into the fight In the conference be- |
tween the two houses. the house stand. /
Ing behind him and forcing the seuates
to yield. The Payne bill In It's present
form is the result.
First Tariff Bill.
The first tariff bill enacted In the
United States was that Of the First |
congress. The opening section OF that
bill stated that. in addition to securing |
money for the support Of the govern
ment. the tariff was adopted for the
encouragement and protection OF man
ufactures." From that time political
parties OF national scope have clashed !
on the issue OF the tariff as to whether
or not it should be more than for
revenue only"
The, expenses OF the war OF 1872
material increase In the
tariff. but an adjustment occurred two
years after the close OF the war
through an act prepared by Henry
Clay.
In 1896 the tariff was jumped up a
few pegs. and a year later 1t went
higher. from 81 to IL per cent
When. In 1892. a bill establishing a
protective tariff policy was passed.
South Carolina refused to recognize
the validity of the Increased duties
and threatened to secede. President
Jackson had to dispatch a warship to
South Cnrolinaian waters.
A horizontal reduction OF the tariff
took place in 1893. Twelve years later
under Folks administration. bill
drafted by Robert ]. Walker. secretary
Of the treasury. was adopted. standing
mildly for the protective poliE This
bill lasted until 1857. when reduction
TO 20L. per cent occurred on the aver.
age duties. Actually q free trade sys-
ten, this low tariff proved adequate
for all government needs until the out
break Of the civil war. when an In