New-York tribune., 1909-09-06
POPULATION 95,OOO,OOO
Continued from arst psg..

various crops and OF various states that <hev
can provide for a population increasing faster
than by increase due TO excess OF births
deaths The wheat and rye production ot twelve
countries OF Europe representing substantially
the entire production outside OF Russia and Tur-
key, increased 1872 per cent from 1855 to
19Ol-'O5. and the population Increased from, 1883
70 1908 only 13 per cent
The capital invested in meat animals and i've
stock farms and ranges in the United States
represents Z total OF almost S11Oo0G0oOOo.
The schedules OF inquiries relating TO manu-
| ractures and 70 mines and quarries must in
clUde the name and location Of each establish
rent: character Of organization, whether indi-
vidual cooperative or other form; character OF
business or kind OF goods manufactured, amount
OF capital actually invested. number OF propri-
etors. firm members. copartners. stockholders
and officers. and the amount OF their salaries:
number OF employees and the amount of their
wages. quantity and cost OF materials used IN
manufactures. amount Of miscellaneous sx-
penses quantity and value OF products. time in
operation during the census year. character and
quantity OF power used. and character and num-
Der OF machines employed
According TO the census summary Of manu-
factures for 1908. the number OF nnanufactur-
ing establishments IN New York was 81. .1e4:
the capital invested. S20S1. .45e 515: the avsraEs
number OF wage earners 856947 with wages
totallng S430.014.S5 The cost OF materials used
81, 34S. .6O3, ,2S6. and the value OF products tn
cluG.ns customs work and repairing. g 4sS-
545579
THE TABULATING MACHINES
Census enumsrating has since 1870 been don=
by tabuIattng machines because OF ths rapid in
crease in population and proportionatsly in
creased work Tne hrst tabulating machins was
the seaton. simple affair. onlposed Of pei
roll and six columns-cne from each OF six dif-
ferent blanks or tables-were brought into Gloss
proximity. thus effecting A great saving in the
time OF the clerk During the Eleventh Census
the electric tabulatiol machine. invention Of
DR.. Herman HoIlerith. Of Washington. was in
troduced By this system the facts entered upon
the various schedules are copied rpon cards bv
pune, g holes. The position OF each hole IN
dicates its significance: no writing IS required.
The cards, when punched. rabulated ~
an ingenious machine provided with a pin oox.
which contains a needle, set a fine spiral
spring. for each possible hole in a card. The
machine used in 1890 and 1900 was operated by
hand; the pin box was brought down over eaca
card in turn; those needles which met an un-
punched surface were repressed. while those
which passed through hole made an electric
contact below, and by an arranl enent OF relays.
permitting any desired combination caused one
or more counters, or dlalS, 10 register. At the
conclusion of each run" the counters were real
and the results recorded.
With the aid of one of these machines an ex-
perienced and capable clerk could tabuate on
an average OF 5000 to 10000 cards In a work
ing day of six and one-half hours The i'm
portance this system lay In its ability to count
combined facts. Toward the close OF the Twelfth
Census work the tabulating machine was per-
fscted by the addition of automatic feeders. and
an automatic sorting machine was also invented
These we're used upon the final work OF the
Twelfth Census and adopted for routine tabula-
ton and the various requirements of the per
manent office. including the tabuIation of the
philippine census.