davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Omaha daily bee., 1909-02-07

review aids were sent along the line to
give final instructions and let the troops
know who was going to review them.
The announcement that Mr.. Lincoln was
coming to lock them over just before the
spring campaign was to open, brought
forth a roar OF cheers, such as only men
of a seasoned army can give. One OF the
orders was that each brigade shor:ld stand
at present" until the president had
passed 1t, and then come to an order"
after which, at the call of the brigade
commander. three cheers and a tiger"
were to be given for the commander-in-
chief.
The ambulance had been exchanged for a
fashionable two-horse open carriage before
reaching our corps. The president sat in
the end OF the seat nearest the soldiers.
Tad, his youngest son. a little fellow, rode
a black pony close TO the carriage. The
reviewing party. which consisted of the
president. General Meade, Secretary
Seward, and little Tad Lincoln. rode about
two rods in front OF the troops, thus CIV
ing us a good chance to see our great
eommAnder-inschief at close range. and
him an opportunity to look into the faces
of men who for nearly four years had
ONNA hcAPlhB nm " PlNSNA 70 NNC AAHch"
There were twelve brigades In the corps
and about 5000 soldiers. the most Of whom
had fought at Bull Run, Antietam. Fred
.ericksburg. Chancello r~sville. Gettysburg;
with Grant from the Wilderness down
through spottsylvanla, North Anna and
Cold Harbor to Petersburg, and from there
to Weldon Railroad and Hatcher's Run.
As the presidents carriage approached
the right OF a brigade the commander
gave the commands: Attention. "shoul-
der. arms!'' Present. arms!" Slowly,
with his high hat held in his left hand, the
president passed down the line to the
brigade's left, his eyes seemingly glued on
the bronzed faces before him. Then came
these commands: Shoulder. arms!' Order.
armsl" Now, all together, three cheers
for the president" Some of the command
ers amended this by calling for cheers for
Father Abraham" One called for cheers
for Uncle Abe. the man well stand by
until the war Il over-the man we love"
How the sober. sorrowful face frightened
when he heard those soldiers give cheers
he knew there was loyal heart in -
cheers that meant something. not pumped
w apDlsusA
Omaha daily bee., 1909-02-07
Estimate of Abraham Lincoln by a Former Slave

laws can among friends2 Suppose you go
to war, you cannot fight always, and when
after much loss on both sides and no gain
on either you cease fighting the Identical
old question az to terms of intercourse are
again upon you"
Was Bound to Continue.
Whether as separate nations, or as sepa-
rate states of the same nation, the struggle
between freedom and slavery was bound to
continue. Had it been possible to put an
end to the conflict over slavery, between
the people of the northern and people of
the southern states, it would soon have
broken out again within the southern
states themselvese. 1t should never be
forgotten that there was always a minority
In the south which openly or in silence
opposed slavery. After 1880, when the aboli-
ton agitation sprang up' in the north and
1t came to be considered a sort of treason
in the south to lend any sort of favor to
abolition sentiments, the opinions against
slavery were no longer openly expressed in
the south. but the opposition to slavery did
not cease. Thousands Of people who sub
mitted to the censorship that was at that
time imposed upon the open expression of
opinion. silently evaded the laws. and upon
some plea or other emancipated their
slaves or sent them into free states, where
their freedom was assured. This is shown
by the fact Of the constantly increasing
number of free negroes" both In the
in spite of the efforts that were made to
northern and southern states. n this. too,
COLOMBO this class of citizens abroad.
Southerner by Birth.
No one knew these facts better than Lin
coin. He mentions them in his debates
with Douglas. In this connection 1t should
not be forgotten that Lincoln was a south
erner by birth. II he did not share the
prejudices of the southern people he at
least understood and sympathized with
them. In his debate with Douglas he spoke
as a southerner rather than as a northern
abolitionist.
The extreme aboiitionists of the eastern
states were frequently violently opposed TO
him. Because OF his attitude on the fugt-
tive slave law, Wendell Phillips wrote an
article entitled Abraham lincoln. the
Slave Hound OF Illinois"
The northwest territory, of which Ohio.
Indiana and Illinois. Wisconsin and Mich
Omaha daily bee., 1909-02-07

igan were formed, was largely settled by
southerners who were opposed to slavery.
These men remained ~southerners In senti-
ment and tradition. They did not cease to
love the south because they had gone into
voluntary exile from It. In a certain sense
It is true, therefore, that the abolition
movement of the middle west. which Lin
coin represented, was the moral sentiment
of the south turned, against it's own pc
culiar institutions. 1t was not the opposi-
ton of strangers nor OF aliens in tradition
and sentiment that the south met in Lin
coin and in the anti-slavery people of In
diana, Ohio, Kentucky and Illinois from
whom he sprang. 1t was to a large degree
the opposition OF southerners to that instl-
tuition of the south that not only endan-
gered the union of the states, but was
slowly and insidlously destroying the south.
Are Direct Tnherftors.
I thtnk it is important to point out this
connection of Lincoln with the south and
with southern anti-slavery sentiment, be-
cause there are men in the south today
who are working, silently and earnestly,
still in the spirit of that elder generation
of anti-alavery men, in order to complete
the work that Lincoln began. In q certain
way I may say that these men are the d.
rect inheritors OF that moral sentiment OF
the south. which. as l have sought to sug-
gest. was represented by Abraham Lin
coin and the southern anti-slavery men OF
the middle west.
AS the years have passed all sections of
the country have learned to look with al
tered views upon the men and the issues
of the civil war. Many things that seemed
of overshadowing Importance forty or fifty
years ago now look small and Insignificant.
Many persons who we're in the foreground
then have now moved into the background.
Looking at these persons and events from
a distance, as usually happens. they look
smaller and less significant. There is only
one figure that seems to grow constantly
bigger and more impressive as the years
go by. 1t Is with a really great man as It
is with a lofty tower standing in the midst
of a crowded city. AS long as you are near
1t there are a multitude of smaller and
more minated scenes and objects that dis
tract your attention and you get only the
most distorted idea of the lofty structure
near you. But as you move farther and
Omaha daily bee., 1909-02-07

prices. Permanently, the rate OF interest
depends upon the profits OF trade
What agencies were employed to secure
diffusion OF the loans7" l asked.
MY first plan was to employ a vast num-
Der OF agents in innumerable places, chiefly
revenue officers and postmasters, to dis
tribute the seven-thirties. At the outset 1t
worked fairly well. but for reasons which
need not be enlarged upon the plan had to
be abandoned. After being satisfied that
the capitalists were not rich enough to
take all that necessity obliged us to offer.
we turned again to the people. that ex-
haustless and unfailing source of every
of satisfaction. You are, Of course,
aware that l was formerly a democrat and
that demos mean the people,)
Employs jay Cooke.
II employed Mr.. Jay Cooke. an Ohio
banker of integrity and experience, as the
person who, so far as l knew, appeared to
be best qualified for the task. He was
placed under adequate bonds and directed
to go ahead. OF course, the treasury lent
its powerful assistance in every way that
could be suggested. The successful placing
of 400, 900, 900 Of SOS in 1868 distributed
throughout the whole country not in posses
sion OF the confederates amply justified
both the plan and the choice of an agent.
1 know of no parallel to this financial
achievement. Meanwhile the national bank
system was absorbing the loans In another
direction. 1t began by practically sweeping
away the entire state banks circulation,
converting an equal amount Of capital into
United States bonds and locking up the
bonds in the treasury as security for the
new circulation notes, thus taking them
out Of the market. AS the process con-
tinued 1t passed beyond the boundaries of
the state banks circulation until 1t abb
serbed several hundred millions of bonds.
These various means enabled me to raise
during my term OF office upward Of 81, ZOO,
100000, and this, too, while a tremendous
civil war was being waged and without in
juring the business or prosperity of the
country; indeed, trade. inventions and gen.
eral progress were never before and have
never been since so active and beneficial
Judge, how do you account for the fact
that the inconvertlble greenback currency
never fell into the ruinous condition Of the
continental currency, the notes of the
Banque Royale (John Laws bank) or the
Omaha daily bee., 1909-02-07

Down past the twelve brigades rode the
dear old president, each one paying him
the highest honor 1t could on a review.
How vivid the scenes come back to me
down through the nearly forty-four event.
ful years since that impressive war event.
since Lincoln's last review OF the army
corps. l had seen him in three other re-
vtews-%at Bailey's Cross Roads, q few
miles out from Washington; after Antie-
tam. and opposite Fredericksburg-but they
had not impressed me as the last one did.
During the review an artillery duel be-
tween c~ontending armies began. Scores OF
cannon roared. the white clouds from the
exploding shells hung all along the Second
corps front, and some of the flying pieces
sang saucy songs for the reviewer and the
reviewed. rt4 ;H'
AS the presidents carriage completed the
drive, wheeled, and the horses started In a
rapid trot on the return trip to General
Mead's headquarters, General Warren's
5000 soldiers, from major generals to the
newest recruit, broke out in cheers without
orders. and they kept II up untn Mr.. Lin
coin had passed the last brigade. Most
or the time the president was standing,
waving his hat and smiling. What a happy
event 1t was. What a joyous parting.
-Four days later the closing campaign of
that army began; two weeks from that
closing review came Appomatox; five days
from AppotRttox came the assassination.
Tow fondly he and his soldiers were look
Ing for the end OF the war which then
seemed so near. But the end found 100000
fighting men In mourning, most OF them
weeping like children at a parents grave.
because their great, wise, brave. loving
leader was not rejoicing with them.
One more incident OF the never-to-be-for-
gotten review should be mentioned. One OF
the companies OF a western regiment con-
tained a crazy man who never missed a
march or battle, but he was sure to do
strange and out OF the place things. As
the presidents carriage was opposite this
company the crazy man left the ranks ana
fairly flew TO the carriage and when AZ
stopped he dropped on his knees and began
to pray to Mr.. Lincoln. His captain rushed
after him and was about to pull him 10
his feet when Mr.. Lincoln raised his hand
ana said. Never mind. captain, II NAV
comfort him and It noes not botAsr me-"
IA WATaoUA
L~eutsnAnt colonel UnatsA saa1ss srmy.
Omaha daily bee., 1909-02-07

national and state bonds and other unm-
erous individuals in our own country
prompted large sacrifices upon evidences
OF public and corporate Indebtedness IN our
markets, and large purchases Of coin for
remittance abroad or boarding at home.
Taking advantage Of these and other cir
oumstances tending to ar advance in gold,
spectators employed all the arts Of the
market to stimulate that tendency and
carry the premium to the highest point.
That point, however, was always a ficti-
tious one. How much of the coin with
drawn from public view was exported we
had no means to determine with any pre-
cision."
ITO what particular measures of admin
istration do you especially attribute the
success of the immense and oft repeated
loans you negotiated in 1868 and 1S64?"
First, In the discretion which congress
reposed in the secretary of the treasury to
choose his time for issuing greenbacks and
interest bearing legal tenders; second, to
the agencies employed to secure the popu-
lar diffusion of the bonds; and, third, to
the establishment OF the national bank note
system. I was all along opposed to any
further issues Of legal tenders than what
were absolutely necessary.
His Sheet Ancho
The principle was my sheet anchor and
everybody knew that l held by 1t and in
tended to hold by it so long as the cable
would bear the strain. When an issue Of
bonds became imperative 1 consulted the
bankers. If they refused me, 1 issued such
an additional amount of currency as tended
to make money cheap and lower the cur
rent rater of interest to the point where
the seven-thirties, skies, or fives of the
government commanded a premium. This
device usually floated the loan. On one
occasion, when the New York bankers hesi-
tated, 1 told them that unless they ac-
cepted my terms 1 would go back to WASH
ington and issue such a flood of green
backs that 1t would soon cost them $1,000
to buy q breakfast. Then I got the money"
Are you of the opinion. Judge, that the
rate of interest is affected by the supplies
of new money!
Yes; but Only until the new currency
has entered the circulation and raised
Omaha daily bee., 1909-02-07

"a, 1865. Before daylight the morning of the
18th General John b. Gordon's large con-
federate force surprised the Ninth corps In
front of Petersburg. captured Fort Stead
man ana many prisoners before he was
checked and driven back with great loss
in killed, wounded and prisoners. The at
tack was one of the most daring and skill
full made on either side in the great war.
Had 1t been successful the Army of the
Potomac would have been cut in two and
undoubtedly great disaster would have come
to the union cause.
Thu Second, Fifth and Sixth corps we're
Immediately ordered under arms TO be ready
10 move TO the aid of the Ninth corps should
It need help. The Fifth corps had marched
three miles in the direction OF the battle
when an aide informed General Warren, the
commander. that the enemy had been re-
pulsed, and directed him to halt and hold
his in readiness for action.
Soon after noon General Warren was or
dered to march his corps TO a \rge field
near Yellow tavern and prepare II for re-
view by President Lincoln.
The president. General Meade and a cabi-
net minister left City Point on a special for
Petersburg while the battle was still on.
The train was met by an ambulance. In
which the president, Mr.. Steward and Colo
mel Ruggles of Meade's staff were seated
for a ride over the battlefield. Mr.. Lin
coin asked many questions. and among
them, What would have happened II Gen
eral Lee had won and pushed his army
through the union srmy?" Il think you
would have been hurried down the James
river and to Washington to escape capture
said Rugsles. mot as bad as that, ! hope,
for I'm getting a good rest with the army"
He asked TO be driven to the field. where
there were three or four thousand eonfed-
crate prisoners. Among the prisoners were
many colored men, servants, cooks. hos
tiers. etc. Mr.. Lincoln viewed the men In
gray for a moment and broke the silence
with: Yes. colonel, there they are. In
black and white"
Omaha daily bee., 1909-02-07

RESIDENT DINCOLN' one o.
two members of his cabinet and
Generals w. T. Sherman anc
George T. Meade were at Gen
eral Grants headquarters, City
Point Va. the night of March
Omaha daily bee., 1909-02-07

i, 1903, by the Chicago Tribune.J
HEN 1 look back it seems to me
that almost the first name /
learned, aside from those of the
people who lived on or near
the Virginia plantation where 1
was born. was that of Abraham
Omaha daily bee., 1909-02-07

B Y LIEUTENANT COLONEL ]. A. WAT
RoUS, RETIRED.
Copyright, 1909. by Tribune Company. h
cago)
Omaha daily bee., 1909-02-07
pY HOG. ALEx DEL MAR.
(copyright. 1909. by the Chicago Tribu

ALMoN p. CHASE, Mr.. Lin
coins secretary Of the treasury,
was the author Of some OF the
boldest measures Of finance
ever undertaken by a national
administration in a time Of
Omaha daily bee., 1909-02-07

AS the years nave gone by we v all
learned. white people and oolorSd people.
north and south. how much the country as
Omaha daily bee., 1909-02-07
BY BOOKER t. WASHINGTON.

Copyright, 1899, by the Chicago Tribune
Omaha daily bee., 1909-02-07

'"rhe government even at that early time
In the war wal liable for over a million and
q quarter a day, while the revenues did
not amount to a 1.-THE Of that sum. The
bankers would not accept the s per cent
bonds OF the United States at less than 20
per cent discount; IN other words. the best
offer / could set was at the rate OF $4,000
900 in coins for S5O.0oo.0Oo in bonds. To ac-
cept the notes OF the suspended banks for
revenues and employ them for expenditures
was out OF the, question. both because OF
their irredeemability. the Varying dis
counts at which they were current. and
their inadeQuaey OF volume. There were
scarcely more than sl50.OOO,OO Of notes.
ana much less III this sum In coins OF all
kinds, circulating In the loyal states; ana
no mechanical or credit devices then in
vogue could have sufficed to move this
money fast enough to perform the ordi-
nary exchanges and at the same time to
nav into and out OF the treasury from
100000 to 100000 per diem. The only
immsdiats resource was ~gresnbacks; 70 be
followed md gradually supplanted by 3
bank circulation under federal regulation
md control. we had already issued some
s5o. OOO.OOO or soO0.00O OF demand notes. pay
shIe in coin and receivab.e for customs
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1909-09-23
BEST TARIFF Bill .
PEOPLE EVER HAD
President Taft Gives Payne Measure
Full Endorsement.
MADE TEST OF PARTY FEALTy
Hs Wants No Further Discussion
Of the Tariff During His
Term Of o.
flee.

Winona, Mimi. Sept. 1s.--In the
most important uttsrances he has
made since his occupancy of the
White house, President Taft here, in q
state which is the hot-bed of the "in.
surgent' movement, within the Repub-
lican party, defended the Payne tariff
bill as the best tariff measure ever
passed by Republican congress and
hence the best tariff bill the people
have ever known.
The president boldly asserted that
the insurgents who voted against the
bill had abandoned the Republican
party.
was it the duty OF the member OF
congress who believed that the bill
did not accomplish everything that it
ought TO accomplish, to vote against
III" asked the president
IT am here to justify those who
answer this question in the negative.
am not here to defend those who
voted for the Payne bill, but 10 sup
port them"
ITO make party government effec-
tive" said the president "the mem
bers of that party should surrender
their personal predictions Of COM
parative less Importance. am not
here to criticise those who felt so
strongly and believed so intensely
that It was their duty TO vote against
the tariff bill, because 1t did not con-
tain all they thought 1t should.
ut was question for each man to
settle himself.
I'm matters of this kind it is a
question with the party representa-
tive whether he shall help maintain
the party solidarity for accomplishing
its chief purposes. or whether the de-
parture from principle in the bill, as
he regards 1t, is so extreme that he
must In conscience abandon the
party"
Futher along, the president gave a
final word to the insurgents.
81 am glad to see that these who
voted against the bill still insist that
they are Republicans, and that they
intend to keep up the fight for still
lower tariff rates within the party.
'That is their right and IN their
view of things, Is their duty.
-Alll I have to say tn, respect 10 Mr..
Tawneys action In voting for the bill
and my action in signingit, Is that
I believe that the interest Of the
country, the interests of'the party, re-
quired me to sacrifice the accomplish
ment Of certain things in the revision
Of the tariff which l had hoped for.
in order to maintain party solidarity,
which believe TO be much more Inn
portant than the reduction Of rates in
one or two schedules Of the tariff"
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1909-09-23

or died, when ! read about Ly0la y:
Plnkham's Vegetable Compound so !
began to take It, and am well again and
relieved of all my suffering" Mrs.
GEORGE JoRDY, Box 40, Marion, Nd.
Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Com:
pound, made from native roots and
herbs, contains no narcotics or harm
full drugs, and to-day holds the record
for the largest number Of actual cures
Of female diseases we know Of, and
thousandsof voluntaryte onialsare
on Ale In the Pinkham laboratory at
Lynn, Mass, from women who have
bSen cured from almost every form Of
female complaints, Inflammation, Ill
Ceration, displacements, fibroid tumors,
Irregularities, periodiCpains, backache,
Indigestion and nervous prostration.
Every suffering woman owes IT TO her
self to give Lydia e. Pinkham's Vege-
table Compound o trial
II you would like special advice
about your case write o c0nhden.
tial letter to Mrs. Pinkhamls ct
Lynn, Mass. Her advice 10 1Hoes
and always helpful.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1909-09-23
THE BANKERS have ADJOURNED
THE NEXT ANNUAL CONVENTION
WILL OCCUR IN LOS ANGELES.
The Creation Of a Central Bank A.
vOcated--More Intelligent Ex-
amInatlons Required.

Chicago, Sept. 1S.-The delegates
TO the 35th annual convention Of the
American Bankers association, select
ed Los Angeles as their next meeting
place and adjourned until the fall Of
next year. Five thousand delegates,
representing every state in the union
attended. {
Among the results Of the conference
Of the delegates practically unani.
nous condemnation Of postal savings
banks and legislation guaranteeing
bank deposits, stands out distinctly.
On the Affirmative side strong Sentl-
ment favoring the establishment Of q
central bank for the entire country re-
ceived approval from many bankers
and was advocated In the annual ad-
dress Of the president, George NJ.
Reynolds Of the Continental National
bank Of Chicago. Different groups Of
the bankers In the section meetings
came out strongly In favor Of per.
mltting national banks to establish
separate savings bank departments
with funds segregated from the other
interests Of the banks and savings
deposits specially protected.
A resolution pledglng the associar
ton to seek legislation looking to the
establishment Of such segregated saw
ings departments failed Of passage
and was referred to the currency com
mission for its consideration,
In the opinion OF some Of the Off
Gers OF the association one of the
greatest results accomplished was the
awakening Of interest in the need of
cooperation between the comptroller
OF the currency, the federal bank ex-
amlners the state bank examiners, the
clearing houses and the directors of
banking institutions, on the careful
and Intelligent examination Of banks,
both national and state.