Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1909-12-09

the market calls for, which in the East it
the Baldwin, Mcintosh, Snow, King,
Rhode Island Greening, Northern Spy
and possibly Wealthy. Twenty Ounce
Alexander or Wolf Rivsr, spitzenhurg,
Hubbardston and Roxbury Russell are
excellent apples but rather shy bearers.
Don't plant too many varieties. II is
easier to sell a carload of one variety than
Of mixed varieties.
As regards soil, we can do no better
than quote from Prof. John Craige OF
Cornell in the Tribune Farmer of Dec. 2.
This gentleman probably has the most ex-
tensiye observation in orchard survey OF
any one in this part OF the country and
says in part as follows:-
s'Climate and soil are the two most inn
portant natural factors affecting the APP
/ pearance and quality OF an apple. Meth
er influence is uniform; they may vary
from year to year. Certain more or less
definite effects may be counted upon,
however, each season as direct influence
OF latitude. For instance, the apples OF
Northern ATTITUDES are always character
lied by crisp, acid or sub-acid juicy flesh
and high color. AS the same variety
moves southwark the erispness disap-
pears, and this character is replaced by
firm or tough and, in some cases. almost
woody texture, which is accompanied by
a marked reduction of acidity, until the
Northern flavor becomes lost in sweet in
sipidity.
1.-THE apples OF the North are character
lied by vivid bright red. This is I'M
doubtedly due to the cold nights, coupled
with the bright day sunshine. The APP
pies of the South are usually dull red in
color They lack the vivid tints of the
Northern types. 1t is a general rule that
fruits Of the North are crisper, with rel
atiyely more acidity, than those OF the
South. The continuous effect of high
temperatures seems to result in the devel-
opment and concentration Of sugar ia the
fruit.
at follows, therefore, that IL we would
grow apples in moderately warm regions
we must seek the elevations. This will
favorably influence color and quality. In
other words, unfavorable latitude may 10
some extent be overcome by securing GER
tain attitudes. This is borne out by the
experience OF fruit growers. For in
stance, the Albemarle Pippin region OF
Virginia Is in the elevated regions, and
the best apple sections of the Carolinas
are found among the lower mountain
ranges. Florida cannot grow apples be-
cause there are no mountains within her
borders. The early settlers of the East
made the mistake of planting in the river
valleys Of New England, New Jersey and
Pennsylvania. The hillsides are now
known to give better quality.
"The direct influence OF soil on the APP
pie is a somew hat difficult problem to at
tack. It is difficult to secure sufficient
data to warrant what might be regarded
as safe deductions. In certain depart
ments OF plant production these soil in
fiuences are clearly recognized. For ex-
ample, the Influence Of soil on tobacco,
on onions, on celery and on other crops is
well marked and fairly constant. In case
of tobacco, we are dealing with a part Of
it's vegetative tissue which is more quick
ly influenced than the reproductive or
gans and also the product is one which is
examined with critical scrutiny. As
pointed out by the specialists of the
Bureau OF Soils, the tobacco expert selects
fine, sandy soil to produce a tough,
elastic wrapper. II a clay soil is selected,
he expects this to produce thick, gummy
leaves, lacking the sought for elasticity.
So il is with apples to a considerable de-
gree. Light, warm, sandy soils hasten
development and give soft textures asso-
ciated with delicate oolors. II follows,
therefore, that in warm locations, where
maturity is hastened, heavy soils will
favor the development OF keeping quali-
ties, while light soils will naturally en-
phasize existing climatic influences.