The daily Alaskan., 1909-12-30
Played a Star Role In the History
 of Some Nations.
COST ONE KING HIS LIFE.

OZlne Its spawning ana IeeulhB grounds have determined the location of cities. and In several instances the actual destiny of nations and the fate of mouarchs appear to have been in- volved In the herring fishery, Even today the herring Is a factor in em- pire.
 Countries in which the quest of the herring is an important industry are the United States, the Canadian prov inces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Quebec and British Columbia, New foundland. England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark, Russia, Germany, Holland, Belgium. France, Japan and Siberia.
 The prosecution of the herring fish cry and trade has been considered not beneath the dignity of nobility and royalty. Fitz.Grcene Halleck tells us that
 Lord Stafford mines for coal and salt,
 Tho Duke of Norfolk deals in malt,
 The Douglas In rcd herrings.
 In lG77 the Duke of York and other personages of rank formed a corpora ton called "the Company of the Royal Fishery of England" for the purpose of carrying on the herring fishery in the North sea. They built a fleet of Dutch "busscs" and manned them with Dutch fishermen and then were bankrupted by the capture of their vessels during war with France, In 1T2O some 2,OOO of the principal gen tlemen of Scotland" formed a con- papy for herring fishing, but were quickly disrupted, leaving a mourntul lot of stockholders.
 Tn 175O the Prince of Wales became president. or governor, of a herring fishery. with capital of S2,5OO,OOO, whose members were among the first men in the kingdom" one of the pro motors being General James Ogle- thorpe, founder of the state of Geor- gla. Stock was taken with eagerness, vessels were built quickly, and efforts were made to learn the secrets of the Dutch methods of curing herring, but the company soon suspended, and its failure cast on the English herring fishery an odium that continued for a long time.
 It is a matter of great historical in- terest that the herring fisheries should have been a prime and perhaps the most important factor in the over throw of Charles I., whose attitude toward the development of home and colonial fisheries was most unreason- able and unfortunate. At time when the Dutch herring fishery had attained such magnitude and importance that 1t was regarded as the right arm of Holland" and when the sturdy Dutch fishermen were pursuing their lucra- tive calling under the encouragement of their government the English peo- pie were chadng under the grievous restrictions imposed by royal approval on all who desired to engage in fishing anywhere on the American coast be- tween the forticth and forty-eighth de- grees Of north latitude.
 This effort on the part of the crown to interfere with the cherished priyi- lege of free fishing had begun under James and was beQueathed to Charles and was perhaps the first in the series of farreaching differences that sprung up relative to the prerogative of the crown as against the rights of the sub- ject
 At the same time there was another restriction placed on the fishermen at home When James ascended the throne of England his navy consisted of but thirteen vessels, and Charles succeeded tO war fleet but little stronger and utterly inadequate to cope with the navy of the Dutch or French.
 After Charles had been successfully opposed by the commons ln his plan to have no fishing conducted on the American shores except by permission of the company of ''noblemen, knights and gentlemen" known as the council of Plymouth he levied ship money" on the fishing and mercantile vessels at home in order to build up his navy, with the distinct object of breaking up the Dutch herring fishery on the shores of England and driving the Dutch from the four narrow seas' over which England claimed jurisdlc- ton.
 At the expense of the fisheries and navigation Charles finally fitted out the largest war fleet England had ever had and succeeded in his purpose, so far as the Dutch were concerned, but the levying of ship money" stirred up civil war at home, and Charles paid the extreme penalty.
 The Exception.
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