davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Omaha daily bee., 1909-12-12

Of plebeian blood were admitted to eaual
rights with the mobiles in this respect. Ths
popularity of the German practice of uni
versity duelling is that II is, for the most
part, carried on by blows of a sword, not
by thrusts OF a foil.
The fencing of the French and Italian
universities was in use for nearly a cen.
fury in German universities, but the an
cient sword practice has again been re-
verted to as less likely to lead to serious
or fatal results. Jena was the university
which longest delayed making the change.
The contempt Of the students there fog
death was proverbial and, as the chroni-
clers say, imposing" In the middle ages
the university duel was a swift and bloody
affair known under the French name
"renconue," and was so common that the
streets of every university town in Ger
many rang daily and nightly with tho
noise of students brawls and suddenly ar
ranged duels.
Etiquette of the Duel.
At present in a university town IL IAN
ordinary student who belongs TO one corps
annoys or insults a member OF another
corps the two corps arrange a duel be.
tween the parties, and II the offender or
challenger belongs TO no corps he applies
to some corps with which he is acquainted
to arrange a duel for him. The duels may
be what are called "cum-cum" duels, in
which the bodies of the combatants are
almost fully protected, or "sine-sine" duels,
in which they are hardly protected at all.
The duels are usually with the schlager Cor
broadsword) or with the saber, the latter
being the more dangerous OF the two, as
with these strokes below the head are
] . 4 N-..L L. - II a. -
schlager blows are only directed at the
head and from above. 1t is these which
are the most frequent cause OF the dis
figuring scars so often seen on German
male faces. The recipients OF them are
proud Of the decoration, 10 and II Is we'll
Anown that they excite hinge admiration
for the SCARED one In the eyes Of the
average German woman as testifying Ia
his virinty and courage. In student duels
the opponents dare not finch a hairs
breadth before the descending sword, nor
ar they supposed to finch when the doctor
Ia first term medical student p]erhaps) Is
engaged In binding up their wounds. Some
times the wounding Is farcically tragic. T.
Is no uncommon thing for the greater part
OF the nose 10 be sliced away and then the
seconds immediately/recove the sliced part
70 enable II TO be at once sew on again.
The punishment Of flinching Is expulsion
from the corps, or II the duel is a prelim-
mary test OF courage refusal OF admission
TO It.
Omaha daily bee., 1909-12-12
EARLY COLONIAL HOUSES
Homes of Famous Families Were Not
of Great Size.
MODEST DWELLINGS OF GREAT
sO-CalIed Mansions Small and Plain,
According TO MOdern Standards
Eighteenth Century AbOdes
OF the weIl-tO-DO.

NEW YORK, Dec. ia Boston FAMILY
mat recently went to see a seventeenth
century ancestral house in one Of the
smaller Massachusetts cities found II a
moderate sized house Of very simple archi-
lecture, both within and without. That has
been the experience of most Americans who
hunt up early ancestral houses.
Williamsburg. Va. which has more early
eighteenth century and late seventeenth CEN
fury suryivals than most towns, has hardly
a single great house, and not one OF elab-
crate architecture. The impression that
the aristocratic homes OF WILLIAMSBURG
made upon an Italian youth OF the mid
eighteenth century period is embalmed in
his reported exclamation upon looking
round on the beauties al a dance;
How can such angels live in such how
olsY'
Some OF the biggest OF the early colonial
houses still stand on the banks OF the Po-
tomae and the James. /but many of the
houses once occupied by famous Virginia
families are neither very large nor OF dis.
lnguished architecture. White House. the
home OF the Widow Gusts. who brought
George Washington a fortune. is a good
sized wooden house Of plain aspect. George
Washington himself was born in a ratnel
small and Fery plain farmhouse and the
house TO which lie was taken as an infapt
on the plantation on the Rappahannock op.
posite Fredericksburg, was just such
another.
Great" Houses Were Modest.
one OF the early Lee homesteads on tbs
Potomac, not far from Wakefield, th'
birthplace of Washington, ~ a plain snt
rather small house. The famous Nelson
house at Yorktown is a fine example o.
Georgian domestic architecture belonging
to the middle Of the eighteen CENTURY, bu
Il ls not a great house tried by the tand
ard OF we'll fo-do persons today. In fac
IL has but twelve rooms.
Az W. Virginia are late seventeenth an'
carly eighteenth century houses, the home
stsads Of distinguished families, but hardll
Omaha daily bee., 1909-12-12
BOUT WITH BEER AND SWORDS
German Student Corps is Before the
Public Again.
SOME OF THE DRINKING CUSTOMS
BOrussia Corps of Bonn Suspended for
HRxing-DueIs in which Real
Wounds Are Sometimes
Inflicted.

BERLIN, Nov. 22.-The famous "Borus-
STA Corps" of the still more famous Uni
versity of Bonn has been suspended for
the rest of the present winter term for
''hazing'' a young Hussar officer who had
become unpopular with the most exclusive
and aristocratic of student associations in
the old university town. The kaiser is
still an active member Of the corps. This
does not mean that he takes any more
active part in Its dolngs than once every
few years attending it's or an
nual drinking festival, and paying a sub
stantial annual subscription.
Whether the recent hazing incident will
be followed by a duel or duels is not yet
know. The corps is punished by its mem
beTs not being allowed to appear in the
streets in the well known Borussla white
headgear OF doing anything of a corporate
character during the term OF punishment
The mere making hay" In the HussaI
officers rooms was not the gravamen OF
the offense, but the fact that IL was done
in the Prussian army by young volunteers
TO one who was their superior in rank. A
court-martial, indeed. for the sake Of shield
inc so fashionable and Influential a body
refused to regard the hazing incident as
anything but a practical joke and acquitted
the guilty ones. but the university authori-
ties, who are all powerful in Bonn, sus-
pended the entire corps and sent down
one OF its members.
some Of the Corps.
There are several sorts OF student corps
al every German university, each distin'
guished by a name like "BoTussia" the old
form Of "Prussia'), "SaXonia,' West
falische," "Vandalia,' "Teutonia," Nor.
MAMMA" and many more, while running
parallel with them are other student or
ganisations chiefly of middle class students
termed Turnerschaften or Landsmann'
schaften. The corps properly sO-called arr
n. all corporations OF a clublike character
usually numbering not more than from
twenty-five TO thirty members. with dis
Omaha daily bee., 1909-12-12

settlers got to cover as soon as they could
and there were few even in the second gen.
Grafton that could afford great houses.
When New Englanders became enriched
by trade in the period between the middle
of the eighteenth and the first quarter of
the nineteenth centuries they began 10
build big, comfortable houses. Many were
merely enlarged from the early houses.
Others, like the huge brick structures at
Salem and other seaports, were built new
from the foundations up.
Built of Brick.
Warned by the fires that destroyed many
seventeenth century mansions, the New
Englanders who enriched themselves in
whale oil. rum, slaves and the China trade
often built their great mansions of brick.
The few seventeenth century houses left in
New England are mostly Of wood, and early
brick houses still standing are apt to be
small. Six or eight rooms often sufficed
for a weli-to-do sixteenth century family.
and when there were more rooms they were
often rather small. A s12,O 900 or $1,000 coun-
try house of to-day will have a living
room bigger than that in any except the
greatest OF early eighteenth century houses.
There were a few great early houses In
the far south, but most Of the early plan
tation houses were Of moderate size. The
fact that the kitchen was usually In a sep
arate building made it possible to build
plantation houses comparatively sman.
Mount Vernon was not a great house when
George Washington fell heir to it.
When the cotton gin late I'm the eight
zenith and early in the ninteenth century
made cotton growing very profitable, tre
planters began to build bigger houses. In
the same way some OF the big farm houses
on the Delaware peninsula date from The
early days OF peach growing when the most
successful farmers sometimes got from
$500 to $4,000 for their peach crop in a
single season.
What went on all over the older part
OF the country in the seventeenth and the
early eighteenth century went on I'm the
middle west from seventy-five to a nun
bred and fifty years later. Settlers in The
Ohio valley were content with small and
simple houses. like William Henry HaIri-
sons log cabin, until they began to grow
rich toward the middle Of the last century.
1t was the same In Kentucky and Ten
nessee. The big plantation houses OF those
states are seldom a century old. and the
town houses were mostly simple affairs
until well into the last century. Well-to-do
folk in the middle west today would find
IL rather cramping business 10 live in the
homes OF their eighteenth century ancest-
ors. and most OF the great houses In .kat
region have been built since the '7Os Of the
last century.
Arizona republican., 1909-02-24
1-4Of On French Hand=Made Lingerie

They're here at last A most delightful showing of elegant conceptions direct from New York i'm porter Beautiful hand embroidered and hand seal loped Corset Covers Night Gowns, Drawers, Che mise and Pettcoats priced today 25 per cent less than they re worth.
Arizona republican., 1909-02-24
Sale of Silks and Dress Goods

Sale of Silks and Dress Goods
 800 yards of yard-wide Habutai Silk-Extraordinary heavy yet fine, very desirable for fine Shirts Waists and Dresses, regular $50 quality price, per mellow finish, will launder nicely, warranted strictly pure Silk, banner 75c quality-sale price, yard 59c 44-inch Cream sicilian In either plain striped, fine lustrOus finish, regular $125 vaue-White Sale price, yard .............. ...-... .......... .99c S125 All Wool Cream Panama-50 inches wide, dependable Skirt and Suit material-in this sale per yard ...... ................. ... 89c
Arizona republican., 1909-02-24

chess styles and peerless vaueseve garment representing the orders with Col Dyer proportions that the seams be eed and well sewn the button hoes wei ln thls e we caution you oVerIooK hs
 argument bring bear upon you the appended list of offerings sbaF divided magnificent stock follows
Arizona republican., 1909-02-24

One lot of $2.25 and $2.50 Waists of Tussarine Lawn and India Linon, trimmed in Baby Irish, Embroidery and fine Lace, short sleeves, nearly every slze-sale price ..... ......... .$1.39
New-York tribune., 1909-10-10
ULTRANncROscopEs

Il VIII come as news 10 most people that sci
eAoe has invented instruments that 90 two
degrees beyond the most powerful microscope
IN detecting small objects The first Of these
IS known the ultraviolet miCroscoDe This
takes advantage Of the fact that q Photographic
plate can often see things that the human eve
cannot, and for the following reason
ihingS cannot reflect light, and consequently
cannon be seen. that are smaller than the
SInaiies; wave length Of light that falls on them
violet llght IS the smallest that can be possibly
seen with the human eve But there exists a
much smaller wave length III the part Of the
ec'ruIn not visible 70 the eye called the
ultraviolet light. Tins has the peculiar nror,-
erty Of affecting a Photographic plate lust As
any other hight would. so that We get a true
picture oi the minute object that IS under ex-
animation.
thus the deficiency Of the eve Is made up for
6F mechanical invention Of the human BRAN
ms ultraviolet light though not detectable by
the human eye, Is easily seen bv small animals
and insects II has been tired with great success
on ants especially. With tins ultraviolet micro
scope the smallest objects that can be photo
gTaphed with deflmteneSs Of dimensions are
brought our with wonderful distinctness.
But there IS one other instrument that can
detect much smaller objects though their
shape OF SIZE cannot be seen. and that IS known
IS the ultramIcrosCope. This takes advantage
q the TACT that q small object Will scatter any
hight that falls on Il. To make the meaning
clear all Of Us have noticed . beam Of hight en-
teTng . room full Of floating dust particles
We see only the dust particles IN the beam OF
hight The reason We see them IS because each
htt'e particle scatters the light that falls on II
IN al directions and some of the scattered lleb,
enters the eve.
Tins Is the principle on which the ultra
microscope is based. Light Is made 10 fan on
the object IL such q way that none Of the direct
hight can enter the eye. Then the particles ap-
pear as small points Of light. In this way It has
been proved that the coloring IN red glass Is not
dIttused but consists Of thousands Of little red
Particles close together
New-York tribune., 1909-10-10
Do You Know? Ps+hsPs Ps+hsPs You You Do. Do
WITHOUT ATMOSPHERE

WITHOUT The atmosphere. besides the IN
onferlence 70 breathing. a great many
i-,- uilar things would be observed that wo1,Id
seem NeTy extraordinary 10 US The sun would
fist straight up N the morning INTO . sky IS
ui~Ck as ebony. traverse = black sky, and sink
down . rest - night INTO "a black ted No
Beautiful CLONES Of the sunset and sunrise
would -rpt.-T- no bueneSS Of the heavens be
seen. no red sun gradually growing brighter
hut one that would Tse IS a fiery orb and r,-
Hl-ln thus al day No twilight nor davbreak
iid thecT Us Tor there would be nothing 70
..--se the hgh;
Unless the sun shone directly on . thing we
li1 moi see 4 Thus cur houses would have
Pc made q some Transparent substance OF
-, - '-r,iilcl4-ly ilghted II the daytime No
t-lng shades would appear IN the lanoSrare.
- ever iil11lg would stand OUT boldly and
.T every object casting dense black shad-
ta.-t would render invisible anyone enter
..itiA. 10 Ncloe or MUSIC could be heard
-ttrt Wcul1 be no medium - carry Il no
- H- insects could fit about II the trees and
Us tC- there would te nothing 10 enable
- rtillze theIT wing motion No clouds
- tt seen IL tie intensely black sky. and
-nqeTstoTEns OF high winds would be pos
30 vegetation could exist and no AM
.-i1 EEe In iaCt. tins old earth would be
.-c - Hector IS far - activity VS. con
t1ls as the exact condition II affairs on
moon which has 10 atmosphere and con
-t-t suffers everyone II these dIS4dvar-
rather interesting 70 contemplate the
.---.t events on tne earth II the atmosphere
rt Qullhly removed. The trst thing
would probably happen Is that every
insect rlsh. bird and plant would suffer
.-- explosion for each contains .Ir al q
1, r.-eeu pounds % the square inch
,. OUTSIDE which is balanced ~ n equal
"a tne inside and would rush out
-lt rrst pressure beng removed
ae shown ry placing the hand over
-uo gradually eNhausting the air.
tr - exposed VIII gradually swell Another
when "a tornado sweeps round =
-r-g cr- outside alr awav Tor 4n IN
= --t house j. closed. ths windows and
re blown outward with enormous
--- ~.-ltr rlrues the sides themselves Il
g.. --- blown 10 III directions.
New-York tribune., 1909-10-10
The SIXTH SENSE

people -r- aWar. that there IS recog-
-.W ~ u. IIt--l.l l,-lSts d. well defined
L is Eu. wE a~ the sens. = tgGI-
T. -,.t le ID The s,rufclrt,llar canals
---- e-r and Is very lngenlCuslv con-
that to- winch Il was intended.
.or e. long time puzzled scientists.
--.H- that they had nothing 70 %
~ tle proper working q the
---- and consequently were looked
= three scruicTcular tubes
----t angles 70 one another and tull
.--l- They enable q person 70 tell
le . 10 no matter whether he
---.-.y wed rv some peculiar process
understood tut which probably has
a- w1tl thu Earylng pressure Il
-. -r- canals on nerve tlbeTS while the
b. different positions they warn us
H... -- -aout q lose cur equilibrium and
-.. .--.lcusness = bong IL any posi-
-r-ug IN come, tiCn NTH tins and
-. d greet de,l T. DO with the fInal
t1, use Il the organs is the follow
.--r ..laslCus stetIlc1aLr-s and work
buildings found that they had
t.. -..-se and that they could no longer
-- t-.rl-.l.es o. 20 very lar from the
-Tslug - WCTE - theIT old trades
r-., alzzy feeling and would not
remain 1Irlgtt - great heights for
-lrle On examination 10y phys
.lt.,rr1lued that thegT s,Inl,iTCul4r
diseased and that consequently
equilibrium was partly lost.
New-York tribune., 1909-10-10
LINE OF swIFTEsT DESCENT

To anyone not acquainted with the laws Of
higher mathematics q proposition such a.
TINS would appear absurd the most obvious an
sweT beng = straight line However Il has
teen proved by mathematicians that the line
- swIttcst descent IS a curve called the cyCloid
II Is thIs curve that the eagle unconsciousv
utilities il has wonderfully swift swoop down 70
ms prey.
fe analysis ot the curve ls simply q straight
line motion combined with circular motion.
The best illustration showing TINS IS a cart
wheel aS Il rolls along the ground. Any point
on the nm q the wheel Is describing a cyoloid
and no point is IL any time describing q circle
cr gong IN q straight line To draw a cy,loId
take q silver dollar and. rolling u along table
by ~ upright book. keep q pencil II one spot
over the nm and touching the book
A peculiar thing Is deduced from tins lnowl-
edge and that is that no point on the nm Of q
wheel rolling on a surface goes round the cen
ter II the wheel for the center IS describing
straight line and al the points on the nm are
describing cvCloIds. thus rs no circular motion
erists the statement holds
There is one other peculiar thing shown by
mathematics and proved IN the physical
laboratory II pan be made whose sides are
cvcloidal marbles placed IL different heights
on the sides and released IL the same time wlll
invariably strike the bottom together. though
they have traversed paths Of different lengths
This Of course IS on account of the varying
angle q slant q the cyoloId resulting IN
variable component of gravity al the different
points and thus giving different aecelerations
T. each marble
New-York tribune., 1909-10-10
How to Have Cheerful
Breakfasts

1t Is said that if one keeps cheer
tul until ten o'clock in the morning
he IS safe for the rest of the day.
Here Is a good way to start the
day right: Serve a new and entic-
ing breakfast.
Surprise your folks tomorrow
morning with a dish of Pulled
Wheat or Pulled Rice. Then watch
the faces smile. For everyone,
young and old, welcomes these
foods.
They are gigantic grains of
wheat or rice pufed to eight
times natural size made four times
as porous as bread.
They are pufed by a steam ex-
plosion by beng shot from guns.
New-York tribune., 1909-10-10
en.GTH AT VARIOUS AGES

A ..tt o. excellent authoUty- the
70 common with al organs Il the
have ther pelods oi develop
r, cur physical strength lncTc4s-
t-t.ln age and then decreasing.
--, -Tength of several thousand M
.-s. reen made and the following
D. .-.,l IS the averages deTlFed iron
g power Il a youth # sventeen
.' hundred and eighty pounds IL ms
-.-r thle increases 70 three hundred
pounds and III the thIrucb ana
l -t.-rs respect tyely u Teaohe@ Us
D. hundred and sINty-flve T"uTias.
..r-ratIon of th. thiriy y-flTst year the
f'rs pms o. decline EeTy gradually al
ht 20. t0rtleth year u has decreased
-. and such dIminution oon'inue> al
r.4e.rg rate until the fltueih year
rr. when tne figure three hundred ana
rr Subsequent u thIs peTIod me
'-. more and more RAPIDLY until the
0'- lld age ie Tea,he II Is found Im-
f, sf-4Iu trustworthy statistic 81 me
d'. -rrugth after tke fftIeth year as the
fat. ..-, greatly IL different individuals
New-York tribune., 1909-10-10
PLANTS THAT MIMIC STONES

II eouth Afrioa there IS found plant d The
qenus Neutrality-suspicious. growing on
stony ground, which 50 closely resembles d
rebfle that Il IS invariably taken by the
stranger 10 be q stone.
Another species of the same plant growing On
the hills round the karoo produces two leaves
..fouf as large ae ducks eggs having surface
resembling wcathered stone ot bTownlsh gray
,.lor tInged with green. These plants look
I,L.. .e+ouee. but for = short time they put forth
I-,,br yellow flowers Still another species Of
The earne plant rcsembles the quartz pebbles
among which u grows.
New-York tribune., 1909-10-10
TIMBER RIBBONS

saky Il th, finest summer hats worn by
M women are literally made from wood
ef.,yinge. The handsomest examples Of this m
duetry are produced IN Japan these ~oooeI n
ribfons appearing II many forms. some 81 81
- 80 almost the delIcacy and sheen q
I'll. others resemble soft and dainty
crapcs q the chr, &c ex-
- - ,be form II wood ribbons the re-
TIns,rder beng worked INTO what IS ooIIIL,I oiI'1
r,aIlv known ae chip braid, winch IS tInployter taI
IN tb. same manner as straw bralu ~ M -, =.
hat. basket work, and Tor othei h1iiu9 VI
articles.
New-York tribune., 1909-10-10

Every starch granule is thus blasted
to pieces, 50 the digestive Juices
can act.
Yet the coats of the gram are TN
broken, the shapes are unaltered.
We have the natural grains made
porous and digestible, nut-like and
crisp.
They are twice as good as mere
cereal cOnfections, and their now
city makes them delightful.
Serve them once. 1t will mean
good cheer for one breakfast.
Then let your folks say if they want
them again.
Order one package of each of
them now, lest you forget.
New-York tribune., 1909-10-10
Puffed Wheat, 1Oc
Puffed Rice, 15c

Except in the extreme West
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1909-07-09

fiily aud nicely portrayed E. t. ra' '.T
province 10 make iuvilioas dis..ainH O..
The club furnished "a Delighted .E.H
iug's entertainment, and ia. Specialize
added not a little 10 the general erl'.-
meut. A. the clo,- of ff- performance
the members and au3i-ue. iaiu.l Boo
singing "America" The cub Of. 'r
welcomed gladly ia toauagain. WI.
Kane assumed the entire eNI.l 80 nHd
responsibility Of bringing ibr c.ah 60
Island Pond, aud Ne are glad hI. vrl-
ture was so successful
\ social dance closed The days 'u-
Invites, participated ia by large uum-
Der, too many couple, perhaps .0r rpu-
fort, but this was not considered ~ i
joy aud merrimrnt prevailed uyl S
orchestra, which furnished mu>i. gained
fresh laurels. We have now au urelc.-
ira 10 he proud Of
All ia all it was most sutee-- iul cr.-
ebration.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1909-07-09

The st. Alhans Messenger prays io.
mnre democratic strength IN Vermont
in order that republican legislators ma
I've scared into keeping so-caiIrd ra't
pledges. This is a rather obsolete disc
plinary measure, even in the correcil"'
of children. The average representative
doesn't owe his election 10 the party
platform. Probably not more than 81
of the voters could give even an outline
of the principal planks in the platform
on election day. When We get couy-u
tion machinery that will turn out g.
party platform, in the making of Nhicl
the members of the convention have
necessarily taken a craftsman's interest
instead of one that-"Well, that sound,
well Hurrah boys, let's 60 home -, W,
can talk for a column or more about d.,
low sense of honor of the average repre-
sentative. That the situation demands
more powerful opposing party Is tru.
enough for purposes other than the on,
assigned.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1909-07-09

y ours for Music,
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1909-07-09

IN the evening the opera house was
crowded every seat sold, and mauv
compelled to stand) to witness the great
llVe act drama, Tony Warren, presented
III line style by the Coaticook Dramatic
Club Where every part was 50 faith.