davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-10-31

would do the work of nearly a hundred men toiling along In the old way.
 In appearance the former" is like huge barrel set on end, underneath hole in the bottom is set rapidly revolving fan which creates a current of air down ward Over the hole Is set brass conc so closely perforated that it looks like sieve. It Is about three feet high and tapers from a diameter of two feet at the bottom to about six inches at the top. The fur fed into the former at the top through rapidly revolving brushes, Is drawn quickly and evenly down upon the surface of the cone. An operator, stand ing in front of the machine, opens the doors with which it Is fitted, wraps damp cloths about the fur covered cone, takes it out and gives it bath in hot water. This process causes the fur to cling to- gether and after a moments immersion it is removed from the bath and the be- ginning of the hat body slipped off.
 The next process Is called 'sizing" and is performed by men working around large kettles filled with boiling water The hat body as it comes from the in a piece of burlap and repeatedly dip ped in the hot water and rolled by hand tllt it shrinks down to the desired size and thickness. When finished the body is cone-shaped and about one-third as long as when 1t came of the forming cone. During this process the felt is carefully examined for imperfections that would result in spelling the hat in the finishing process "Sizing" is by no means pleasant process. Clouds of steam rise from the kettles of hot water filing the room so that the workmen look like mere ghosts through the dense vapor. and water dripping from their benches covers the floor an inch deep.
 Up to this point all hats look alike, re- gardless of future size or lorna gray ish cone of felt, varying slightly in length and weight. Some factories carry the process no farther and are known as body factories" and their product is sold to other factories where the finish ing is done.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-10-31
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cess. called pressing" Having been dried after the blocking process the stiff hat form Is heated in an oven to soften it and the crown placed in steer die which Is made to conform exactly tc the style in which the hat is to be finished. rubber bag. through which cold water Is pumped. Is dropped down into the inside of the hat crown and the pressure turned on This pres sure varies from 400 to 300 pounds to the square inch and forces the felt to conform to the shape of the steel die. The cold water stiffens the felt and the crown comes from the press hard and hrm For soft hats the process differs here. Instead of being shaped by the hydraulic press the soft hat is steamed and stretched over die of the required shape and ironed with bot irons to bring It to the proper shape, after which 1t is cooled by the water press.
 Shaving and bouncing the crowns Is the next process. The hat is put on q cylinder which revolves against knife and the rough nap Is shaved off. Then 1t is placed on 8 revolving wooden block and smoothed with bouncing paper-a sort of sandpaper-and "leured" to  bring out the fine effects of the dyes. "Leuring is done with a pad of coarse muslin, heated, with which grease is ap- piled to the surface and thoroughly rub bed in. Soft hats are finished in the same manner. That finishes the work on the crown; the brim only remains tc oe shaped and curled.
 A machine trims the brim to the de- sired width and an operator either by hand or machine, working with hot irons, gives the edge of the brim its curl. A matricing machine, which is a die in two parts, presses the brim into shape by hydraulic pressure of about 300 pounds. The brim cools in this die and comes out hardened into the fashionable curves. This completes the process of manufacture The trimmings are put on by girls who bind the brim, attach the silk band and bow around the crown and the sweat-band inside. pasting in the proper labels, after whieh the hat Is passed along for final Inspection and packtng for shipment
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-10-31

former" until the finished hat is ready to be shipped, each one performing some necessary duty requiring certain degree of knowledge and skill.
 old Dame Nature seems to have spe- cially designed the fibre of fur for felt. Shaping the felt into hats was left to the ingenuity of man. If placed under q microscope each fibre will be seen to have a row of barbs on either side. When hot water is applied to the fur it eurls and matts and the little barbs hold the flores tightly together Repeated dip ping in hot water and manipulation by hand cause the flores to knit still more closely and thus the felt in formed.
 The first thing the hatmaker does Is to mix the long and short grades of fur together in proper quantities and to re- move all impurities The mixing is done by a machine called a devil through which the fur passes three times. Then it goes through the blower which com pletes the process and turns out nice fluffy mass of fur ready for the former Ky long experience the natter knows just how much fur Is needed for the different sizes and styles of hats, so the fur Is weighed out to the fraction of an ounce.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-10-31
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T INTERESTING among the strange E traditions of trades is the origin E of the fur hat commonly worn by
 men today. Several centuries ago
 mendicant Friar made a pair of sandals from a hare's skin. At first he wore them with the fur side out for looks sake, but the rough skin hurt his feet and induced him to line his san dals with fur cut from other skins. After a long pilgrimage one hot day he re moved his sandals and discovered that the fur lining had formed a firm fabric around his feet. Being wise man he reasoned that the heat and moisture from his feet had caused this miracle. and after some experiments he was able to form a rude covering for his head by applying hot water to hare's fur. This was the beginning of the making of felt" and St Clement, for that was the Friar's name, Is hailed today as the patron saint of the matters.
 Historians have their dates mixed on this question, but it is reasonably cer- tain that hats were made of felted fur as early as the eighth century The begin ming of the hatmaking industry in Amer ica Is also in doubt, but as far back as 1732 the London hatters complained that the cOfO0lSlS were 0dlS dL a fule too great to suit them, which would indi- cate that the industry must have been brought over to the New World at an early date Today there are more than 20.O00 journeyman matters In the United States who make something like 20,000,- GOO hats every year. The principal cen ters of this industry are Danbury, Ct: New York city, Newark and the Oranges, N. l.. and Philadelphia, with scattering factories at other points in the East. Danbury claims to be the greatest hat center. It has 30 factories, with prod uct of about 6,OO0,000 hats yearly
 Almost every man wears a fur hat. Very few have the faintest idea how hats are made, yet the process of manu- facture is of the greatest interest in all it's details. To begin with, the material used Is the fur of the hare, the coney and the muskrat, obtained principally in Belgium, Germany, France, Russia, Scot land and Australia, so that the greater part of the raw material for hats made
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-10-31
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of the animals and an offer of about $130,000 was made. This was accepted, Pablo agreeing to deliver the animals in Canada for that price.
 Then came the task of rounding up these animals, transporting them from their range to Ravalli, Mont, 36 miles away, loading them upon freight cars and shipping them to Canada, where they had to be unloaded and delivered in the parks. To say that such task was herculean Is to express it mildly, but Michel Pablo was not daunted. He em- ployed force of expert riders, mounted them upon his own best horses and set forth to accomplish the task, riding at the head of his men on his own fayorite mount A corral into which the animals might be driven from the range was the first necessity. Taking advantage of a horseshoe bend in the Pend d'Orielle
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-10-31

no more. and the plains where they once were wont to graze in peace or rush In maddened fright before some impending danger, are crossed with fences, dotted with farm houses and producing farm products to sustain life and pour dollars into the pockets of their conquerors-the white man.
 Mans appetite for fresh meat and the discovery that buffalo tongue was deli cacy to tickle the palate of an epicure first led to the ruthless slaughter of the animals, the lives of countless thousands being sacrificed for the sake of their tongues. When the bison began to get scarce and wealth developed hobby for buffalo hides and heads, man's greed for gold furnished motive for the slaughter of more and more. until he suddenly awakened to the realization hat the buff falo was almost extinct. A desire to save and protect these noble animals found birth in the hearts of few men, and the surviving buffalo were gathered together in small herds by animal fanciers, zoolo- gicaI gardens and bison societies in various parts of the country. The Canadian gov ernment took an interest in the matter and established herds in some of it's parks. The United States government has, at last been interested and has established bison range in Montana, but 1t failed to act in time to prevent the loss to this country of the largest herd within it's borders
 Among the individuals who took an in- terest in preserving the buffalo was Charles Allard, who secured few ami nals and started park on the Flathead reservation, near Roman, in the early eighties He increased this herd by breeding and purchase to more than hundred head in few years In 1S93 he purchased the herd owned by Buffalo Jones'" of Kansas, and drove them across country to his herd on the Flathead. Ac- companied by his family and riding In an old-fashioned barouche, he followed the herd across plain and mountain until the members of the band were safety delivered on the reservation in Montana. This herd consists of full-blooded and half breed animals. The latter were prod ucts of cross-breeding with cattle, but they did not prove to be desirable animal, having all the undesirable and none of the good qualities of either an cestor. The moDgrels were separated from the blooded animals and the latter were permitted to range in a wild sta1e the herd grew until 1t numbered almost 800.
 When Anard died the herd passed into
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-10-31

HH Fl ITH the shipment recently of ~ Fl nearly 20G Buffalo from Rayaill, E A & Mont, to Canada, all but the ~~ outlaw remnant of the largest
 herd of wild bison In the United States were removed from their native heath to the limited confines of foreign park-to make way for the advancing march of progress and development. Trapped into man-made corrals, roped and loaded into cages bound down with chains and wire, hauled over long and rough roads, then dragged by main force into freight cars and shipped so like many common cattle over the railroads, nearly 600 of these lords of the plains have been dragged from the free and untram- meled range of their nativity into a na- tional playground, where they will be kept as noble specimens of American big game. And this is all done to make room for the white man-the man with the blow and the hoe, whose conquest of the soil has swept the red man, the buffalo and other wild game before him like mist before the wind. The settler, in the great battle of development. neededs more lands to conquer. The Flathead reservation offered an enticing field for his activities. But there was not room for the red mans buffalo and the white mans cattle; perforce the bison had to make way for the munching COW, the toll ing horse and the ravenous sheep and swine of him who was coming to trans form the untamed wilds into an Area dia of homes, farms and ranches. The grazing range of the buffalo was to be- come the feeding ground of domestic ani mals, so the bison were sold for paltry sum and men were hired to capture and ship them into the country of the pur- chaser, the Canadian government. And when the 150 head that remain upon the reservation are rounded up and shipped this fall there will be none of the noble anllnals left to dispute the right of the white mans stock to every blade of grass on the range where once the buffalo was lord of all he surveyed.
 i.uI few years ago bison roamed the Western plains in countless numbers Herds so large that days were required for them to pass given point, frequently forced pioneer immigrants to encamp and wait patiently for them to pass before they could resume their journey over the new trail into the unknown wilderness of the vast West. But these days have swiftly giided into the past and with them are vanishing the bunalo like mirage at the setting of the sun. The thundersus pound 9f their hoefs Is heard
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-10-31

the possession of his partner, Michel Pablo, a half-breed Indian and an expert buffalo raiser. Pablo was induced to dispose of few of the animals to ZOO logical parks, but kept the larger DOT ton of the herd intact until he learned that the reservation was to be thrown open to settlement and that the buffalo must make tway for the settler and his cattle. Then 1t was that Howard Eaton. expert hunter, of Wolf, Wyo. attempted to interest the United States government in the purchase of the herd Failing in this he turned to the American Bison Association, but again was unsuccessful.
 It was at this juncture that the Cana dian government sent Howard Douglas, superintendent of the Western Canada national parks, out to the Flathead to see the herd and make an offer for it. MT. Douglas recommended the purchase
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-10-31

River, the outside bank of which is of clay and stands almost straight up and down, he had a fence constructed across the neck of the horseshoe and wing fences built for a distance of a mile or more from the end of this fence and cut in the bank of the river out into the range.
 Into this the buffalos were driven in three separate bands at different times.
 It required much hard and dangerous riding on the part of the buffalo punch CTS, and many of the animals escaped numerous times, but perseverance pre- vailed and two years ago 400 of the herd
 were successfully rounded up, then driven down the Mission Valley into the corrals at Ravalli. From these corrals the anil mals were pulled and dragged by means of block and tackle into the railroad cars. Last year another roundup was made. but just when the riders were
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-10-31

IN the year 1909 Europe will have spent well over billion of dollars in keep ' ing up the military equipments of the various European nations. On the na- tional debts of the various countries over billion of dollars in interest must be paid out to maintain national credit, and In the case of Germany, France, Russia and Turkey new loans of tremendous amounts must be obtained to keep up the military strain and pay off the inter- est on the debts already accumulated
 In 1SG6 Enrnne owed in national debts
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-10-31

about to drive the herd to Ravalli the band stampeded and made it's escape from the corral at Roman.
 This spring it was decided to make no further attempt to drive the animals from Roman to Ravalli, but to corral them, load them in crates mounted upon wheels, and haul them over the noun tains to the loading corrals
 For this purpose heavy crates, large enough to hold two buffalo each, were constructed of heavy timber, fastened to- gether with steel and wire. Through a loading chute the animals were driven into these crates, securely roped in and hauled by means of six and eight-horse teams over the long and dusty Journey to Ravalli. Here they were turned out into series of corrals, from which they were driven, one at time, into the load ing chute. A moose around each buffaio's neck and the tugging of score of men. landed the animal in his car, where the struggling beast was held until a parti- tion to separate him from his compan- ions could be firmly put into place.
 The dangers attending the work Qf handling the buffalo were many, an4 there were numerous escapes from d&4W and injury on the part of ri4 loaders. Fred Decker hadAM41 gored under him. and his b6
 nie Decker. twice had hiR
 was slightly injured
 only by the promnf
 hia hsothas ia' ||e "
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-10-31
decided necessary.

decided necessary.
 In the other countries war expenses and excessive taxation have led to tangled financial troubles and the whole conti- nent is running toward bankruptcy be- cause of the terrific financial burdens imposed by military preparations Ger tainly the people of Europe would be better off for money and the necessities of life If some one ruler could dominate petty governments that now are taxing the people In order to maintain a so- callad naf1nnal existenca
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-10-31

sum equivalent to 11,000, ,000,OOO, and in 1907 this amount had run up to S28, 900, ,OOO GOO, or close to three times the amount. Moreover, every year sees war expenses mounting, climb ing into figures that almost stun the imagination. In England the question of how to raise more taxes has led to n situation that for the first time in hundred years has brought the mighty House of Commons in direct con hict with the House of Lords in financial matters. In France new taxes that threaten a political revo2utton have bean
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-10-31
WHALEBoNE IS VALUABLE.

Whalebone, which used to cost 35 cents per pound 50 years ago, Is now worth S5 for the same amount. A single whale may yield 5000 pounds. and this makes it very valuable article. The whales are getting very scarce in the Northern seas and they are not often killed.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-10-31

gone a treatment with arsenic for 'broken-wind," and it was this arsenic that made the flesh dangerous for human consumption.
 The French first began eating horse flesh iu 1886, but 1t was not until the lengthy siege of Paris by the Germans that 1t became an accepted article of diet among the poorer classes. The prices of the various sections of horses at the butcher shops are: The tenderloin, 30 cents pound; trump and sirloin steaks, IS cents a pound; ribs, IS cents a pound, and the cheaper portions sell at 13 cents the pound. In other words, in Paris the Frenchman pays as high a price for horseiesh as an American pays for good roast beef.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-10-31
A PECULIAR VINE.

TT Is said that a rancher living near
 Medford, Oregon, has produced a deep . rooted vine which bears three crops of strawberries each year. It is claimed that the result has been obtained by grating alfalfa roots to the roots of the strawberry vine. The vine and the result obtained is one of the most peculiar gardening stunts ever heard of.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-10-31

the neck of an infuriated beast that was trying to kill man and horse.
 In their maddened struggles against being dragged into captivity i. 20 of tne animals were killed, some of them rush. ing blindly against the sides iof the cor rals with such force as to break their nRks. One, the patriarch of the herd, fought with younger bull. then lail down in the loading chute and died.
 It was a pathetic picture to one who stopped to think, as he gazed at the lacerated, bleeding, ragged animals that stood in the corral at Ravalli, gazipx, longingly through the cracks of the i0tgh. strong fences, out upon the hills, be5dx7iS which lay the wild free rrnGe which they had been drae1 ~ fpo4' minious captivity. to Inc ld9c N }niO cramped stalls of rel 6 e5F tnere to be left to vent. IF yin kicks against the 151 K ions until steam andt;31 Rt their new honnn<-f se bison frons' itated s6il0Se cars Arain the
 Jed
Bluefield evening leader. [volume] (Bluefield, W. Va.) 1906-1911, 1909-08-19
A Prose "Pome."

Within tho reach Of our hands as
we sit hero in this editorial den, which
Is shut away from the AFFAIRS of either
workshop or business Office, all by our
lonesome. there are several well
known articles we need in our bust
ness. One Of them is n simple old
cob pipe and an old terbaccer box
filled with very mild and harmless
old tcrbaccer; one is much thumbed
complete edition Of Bill Shakespcares
works; another Is Students Bible
In fair state OF Preservation. When
ever we nave particularly hard nut
TO crack in taking care Of bit OF
Dew5 or whenever in tho stiffness
here We get TO cogitating on the man
fold peculiar, divers and strange
things I'm human nature as h is mir
r0red daily before US In the soihgs
comings and doinRs OF people, then
We reach for faithful Old cob, load
her mp and calmly Al the circumam-
bisnt atmosphere with fImy dreams.
Whenever we want an apt quotation
in which not a word OF the Kings
Good English is wasted, and which
goes right TO the heart OF a bit Of
philosophy, We open up Shakespeare
and Gull a phrase The philosophy Of
shakespeare SIS OF the essence Of
things everlasting, and therefore ney-
or grows old. ,Nhcnever We want TO
read q particularly nne lot Of lltera-
ture or take another look at the oteT-
nal things which no cree6s and dog
mas and foolish llttle imaglDatioDs or
suparsti'lons Of man do not change-
the foundation OF the simple religion
we revereulty open the Book OF
Books guided by q frsttelass concot-
dance. and ind II there. Ktngman
lKan) Journal
Bluefield evening leader. [volume] (Bluefield, W. Va.) 1906-1911, 1909-08-19
NOTICE.

\ pet.dyn mas been filedsrin, the
Clerks ONCE OF Mercer County Court
rayag for He assent OF said Court
- he transfer OF a license hereto
fore granted 10 c. f. Myers 10 sell at
.,.al whisNcy, vine, bccr and
drinks Of Like nature In the T.. l..
BAILEY Building situate at the north
wcs, cornc- OF Mercer street and
Eluch"ld avenue. in tn City Of Blue
fold. W. Va. for the HeeHAe.eycar
ud1ag Juno Goth, 1919 40 ~. u. l..
Ealols OF RlueGeld. w. Va. who de-
sircs the license FOR same location
end for Same purpose and viii ask
tno County Court 10 assent DO said
Transfer at social Session OF said
Co 70 20 be held September eth,
1909.
Given under my hasd sIais 9th
day OF August, 1909 80 ~
Z. :. BoWeHAN, yclSk.
S-i2-1926; - 4t.
Bluefield evening leader. [volume] (Bluefield, W. Va.) 1906-1911, 1909-08-19

ON moticn OF George p. Johnson,
Goo 60 \. Speiden and Nv. r. Glib
SON. Trustees of the Young Mems
Christian Association; af Tqpefeld,
Wet Vire. a, leave ia granted them
70 ~ ;hc p, tttiol praying for an
order authorizing them to- make sale
of he p G erty Of the said assocla-
ton. consi ing OF lots Nos.,12, 10,
II, 10, 16 and II In section 81, In
the city Cf Pluefeld. and tie ap ri1-.-
chances u reto. as in said petition
derarihcd, and cot forth, which is ac-
cording'y ~ 4. and the hearing Of
said re ti,l IS set for the 23rd day
OF August, 1899: and II is ordered
that COPY Of this order be publish
Cd a. come newspaper published In
the City of Bluefeld and posted at
consu'~lous pla. e upon the. property
aforesaid and at tho 'front.' door Of
the court house Of Mercer county
West Virginia, as provided BY section
2G1C of the Code Of 1906. for ten
days before said hearing i.
A true Cory from the Record.
ATTEST: w. b. HONAKER,
N-Iz-l9t' Clerk.
Bluefield evening leader. [volume] (Bluefield, W. Va.) 1906-1911, 1909-08-19
HOW1S THIS.

We offer One Hundred dollars re-
ward for any case OF catarrh that
cannot be cured by Halls Catarrh
uTe. +. J. CHENEY e. CO..
Toledo. Ohio
We, the undersigned have known
= ). Cheney for tho last IS years
uJ believe hlu perfectly honorable
n all business transactions and fin
EciaIly able 20 carry cut any obli-
cations mao by HIS arm.
WNLDTNG, KTNNAN e MARVIN
Wholesale Druggists. Toledo. $,
Hsll's Ca'arrh Cure - taken Inter
ally actin. directly upon the blooo
nd mucous surfs5es Of the system
Testimonials sent free price 75c
or bottle. Sold by all druggists.
Take IIaIs family pills for consH-
patton.