The Elbert County tribune., 1909-02-11
DEFICIENCIES POINTED OUT
Agriculture at Present Not CONNER
cialIy as Profitable as It Is En-
titled to Be-HIshly Organized
Rural Society Recommended as De-
sirable step-Possibie for Congress
to Remove Many Of the Handcaps.

on country life herewith presents its
report. The commission finds that
agriculture in the United States. taken
together, Is prosperous commercially.
when measured by the conditions that
have obtained in previous years. al
though there some regions in
which this is only partially true. The
country people are producing vast
quantities of supplies for food. shelter
clothing. and for use in the arts. The
country homes are improving in com
fort. attractiveness and heaithfulness
Not only in the material wealth that
they produce. but in the supply of in
dependent and strong citizenship. the ag-
ricuitural people constitute the very
foundation of our national efficiency
As agriculture is the immediate basis
of country life. SO it follows that the
/, general affairs of the open country.
speaking broadly. are in a condition
of Improvement
Most Prominent Deficiencies.
Yet it, is true. notwithstanding all
this progress measured by his
torical standards. that agriculture is
rot commercially profitable as 1t is
entitled to be for the labor and energy
that the farmer expends and the risks
that he assumes, and that the social
conditions in the open country are far
snort of their possibilities. We must
measure our agricultural efficiency by
the possibilities rather than by COM
parison with previous conditions. The
farmer Is almost necessarily handi-
capped in the development of his busi-
ness, because his capital is small and
the volume of his transac ctions limited;
and he usually stands practically
alone against organized interests In
the general readJustment of modern
life due to the great changes in manu-
factures and commerce, Inequalities
and determinations have arisen and
naturally the separate man suffers
most. The unattached man has prob
, lens that government should under
stand.
The reasons for the lack of a highly.
organized rural society are very many
as the full report explains. The lead
I ing specific. causes are.
A lack OF knowledge on the part of
farmers of the exact agricultural con-
ditions and possibilities of their re-
Lack of good training for country
life in the schools.
Lack of good highway facilities:
The widespread continuing deple-
tion of soils, with the Injurious effect
on rural 1fe; .,s
A general need of new and active
leadership.
Other causes contributing to the.
general result are: Lack of any ade-
uuate system of agricultural credit
whereby the farmer may readily Sc
cure loans on fair terms: the short
age of labor. a condition that is often
workmen; lack of institutions and in
centives that tie tie laboring man to
the soil; the burdens and the narrow
life of farm women; lack of adequate
supervision of public health.
Nature of the Remedies.
Some Of the remedies lie with the ma
tional government. some of them with
the states and communities in their
corporate capacities. some with volun-
xyif I'm
dividuals acting alone. From the great
number of suggestions that have been
made covering every phase OF country
life. the commission now enumerates
those that seem to be most funda-
mental or most needed at the present
time.
Congress can remove some of the
handicaps of the farmer. and 1t can
also set some kinds of work in motion
such as:
The encouragement of a system of
thorough- going surveys of all agricul-
tural regions in order to take stock
and TO develop scientifically and
economically sound country life;
The establishing of nationalized
system Of extension work in rural
communities through all the land
grant colleges with the people at their
homes and on their farms:
A thorough going investigation by
experts of the middleman system of
handling farm products. coupled with
a general inquiry into the farmers t,
disadvantages in respect to taxation.
transportation rates cooperation or
ganizations and credit and the gem
eral business system;
An inquiry into the control and use
OF the streams of the United States
with the object of protecting the peo-
pie in their ownership and of saving
to agricultural uses such benefits as
should be reserved for these purposes:
The establishing of highway en-
gineering service. or equivalent organi-
zation. to be al the cali of the states
in working out effective and econom-
ical highway systems:
The establishing of system of
parcels post and postal savings
banks:
And providing some means or
agency for the guidance of public
opinion toward the development OF a
real rural society that shall rest di-
rectly on the land.
other remedies recommended for
consideration by congress are:
The enlargement of the United
states bureau of education. to enable
1t to stimulate and coordinate the ed
ucational work OF the nation:
Careful attention to the farmers
interests in legislation on the tariff.
on regulation of railroads. control or
regulation of corporations and of spec
ulation. legislation in respect OF riv-
ers forests. and the utilization of
swamp lands:
Increasing the powers of the fed
eral government in respect to the
health:
Providing such regulations as viii
enable the states that do not permit
the sale OF liquors 10 protect them
selves from tratiic from adjoining
In setting all these forces in. u,otion