davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Coalville times. [volume] (Coalville, Utah) 1894-1923, 1909-11-26
WASTE MUST BE STOPPED.
seeetary Garfield Talks on conser-
AUrw1on O. our aaturet Ns.sNro...a

seesetsry Garfield Talks on conser.
H1on a our Ns,urs' ~s-sS-o--.s-s
Cineinnati.-In an address Tuesday
nisht before the Joint convention OF
the National Municipal league and
the American Civic association, James
r. Gars'ld. former secretary OF the
Interior said:
The permanent welfare of our ma
ton cannot bo assured unless we, In
this goieration. provide for the con.
scryntioi OF our natural resources.
Hitherto We have been needlcssly
wastefm We have been too much
occupied with the present; too little
with the future. The inventory OF
our resources shows the immediate
danger OF their depletion or exhaus
ton.
Conservation " pre-emlnenuy a
movement for the public welfare"
The Coalville times. [volume] (Coalville, Utah) 1894-1923, 1909-11-26
Those Alaska Coal claims.

Seattle. Wash--The opening SEES.
sion OF the inquiry into the filing on
the thlrty-three coal claims in the
katalla district OF Alaska, known as
the Gum ngham group, which began
here Thursday afternoon before Spe-
cial Commissioner William J. McGee
OF the general land office. was devot.
ed TO the Introduction OF stipulauons
and documentary exhibits Twenty.
eight Of these exhibits we're produced
by the attorneys for the government
the bulk Of them consisting OF at
fldayits from the claimants as to their
good faith In making the filings.
The Coalville times. [volume] (Coalville, Utah) 1894-1923, 1909-11-26
colorado Miners Froson to Death.

Lendyllle, Colo,-Ths bodies of
Frank LOTUS, William TASTY aud
James Hays were found on Wednes
day four miles west OF lllil Top min,
In the Horseshoe district on the line
between Clark and Lake counties. The
men had been frozen 20 death. They
started for the mines Monday. taking
an express wagon TO the epd OF tho
trail, four or Ave miles from tho
mines, Evidently they had been
caught In the blizzard, had erouched
hy the trail for shelter and m grad
ually succumbed.
The Coalville times. [volume] (Coalville, Utah) 1894-1923, 1909-11-26
Saw Murderer Of Her Mate Hanged,

Perry, Okla-"Now can return
home satisfied since the murderer OF
my husband is hanged" Thus spoke
Mrs. Isaac Fell Of Caldwell Kan, on
Friday. after witnessing the execution
Of Henry Armstrong, who Killed Fell
In Perry several months ago. When
the date of Armstrong; hanging was
SGT. Mrs Fell begged the sheriff to
permit her to see mat event After
considerable thought aud consultation
with legal advisors. he decided to
grant the unusual request.
The Coalville times. [volume] (Coalville, Utah) 1894-1923, 1909-11-26
Teacher suddenly Becomes Insane.

Dcnyer-A woman teacher In the
public schools. whose name IA with
held by the police and school authoh.
ties. became insane Friday while en-.
gagged In teaching her class, and sud
denly began to dlsrohc In the presence
~ her scholars, Dr, Pearl y, Wheeler.
public school nurse for the city, hap
pcncd to enter the room at the time
and. notifying other teachers, the de-
ranged young woman was taken To "A
hospital. whore. II Ia reported, hor
condition ls improving.
The Coalville times. [volume] (Coalville, Utah) 1894-1923, 1909-11-26
SIOUX INDIANS WILL MOVE.
viii Try Nicaragua In Endeavor to
stay RaVages by Consumption.

Boston.-ro save the remnant OF
the Sioux tribe OF Indians from ox.
tinotion. -oanAnnption aud oiaor
discaaos, colony OF mdfnns WIT %
established In Nicaragua early In the
new year. chief Little Bison. full.
bloodcd Sioux. sailed from Boston on
the steamer Esparata for Nicaragua,
where he will receive the deeds 10
10000 acres Of land granted by the
Nicaraguan government for the cstab-
lishmont OF the colony, The project
Is supported financially by r. $. Del
lenbnugh. head Of the American
Geographical society, and several
wealthy New York people. Tue m..
grafton OF the Indians Is expected to
begin In January.
The Coalville times. [volume] (Coalville, Utah) 1894-1923, 1909-11-26
IT'S False, Says aallInoer.

Washington Replying to charges
made In magazine. Secretary Balln.
ger OF the interior department on Fri.
day denied many reports recently cir.
oulated concerning the conduct OF his
department.
ITO say that have ever advised.
ordered or lent support TO any effort
to pernetuato n fraud upon the gov.
enment," he said. "is not only false.
but is Intentionally so n made by any
one who has taken the trouble 20 In.
qulre into the facts"
The Coalville times. [volume] (Coalville, Utah) 1894-1923, 1909-11-26

Winston-Salcm. n. C,-SlX work.
men were killed and number OF
o hers barely escaped death when
1000 cubic feet OF earth caved In and
entombod q construction force build.
Ing concrete viaduct. The men
we're working on tho foundation OF
the trestle abuttment, when the earth
thirty feet above suddenly cayed,
burying them, Rescue work was Inn
mediat6ly begun, but second cave
ia caught a number OF the rescuing
marty. These we're soon brought TO
the surface,
The Coalville times. [volume] (Coalville, Utah) 1894-1923, 1909-11-26
Japanese breaches In Los Angeles
Church.

Los Angeles.--Baron Kanda, a
member OF the Japanese commerce
promoting party now visiting the
United States. preached the principal
sermon In the First Congregational
church here Sunday The baron de-
clared that the miltado's edict twenty
years ago, prescribing religious toler
ance and compulsory education, was
as sacred as tho ten commandments,
and paid tribute to the Christian
missionaries working in Japan.
The Coalville times. [volume] (Coalville, Utah) 1894-1923, 1909-11-26
Man Who Succeeded Charles A. Dana
Called by Death.

New York william r. l.affan, pub.
fisher OF tho New York sun, died Fri.
day at his home In Long Island, fol
lowing an operation for appendicitis
performed on Monday william LAT.
fan was the successor OF the late
Charles a, Dana In the management,
OF the New York sun, and the pub
Usher OF that newspaper for the last
twenty-five years. His home was In
Lawrence. l. l. MT Iaftan was born
IN Dublin. Ireland. siNty.two years
ago.
The Coalville times. [volume] (Coalville, Utah) 1894-1923, 1909-11-26
MITCHELL STANDS FIRM.
Labor Leader Denies Right Of Court
TO MuExle Free Speech.

Toronto, Ont.-lndorslng report
OF the committee on boycott. John
Mitchell. one OF the three officers NJ
the American Federation Of Labor.
under sentence for contempt OF court.
made u dramatic speech TO the con.
vcntion ON Wednesday, lie declared
that 80 FAR as he is concerned, re-
gardlcss Of consequences, he intended
while at liberty. To declare Tor the
rights guaranteed him by the consti.
tuition
The Coalville times. [volume] (Coalville, Utah) 1894-1923, 1909-11-26
Died on one Hundredth alrthday.

Richmond. lnd.-At the close OF a
big celebration In honor Of his Tooth
John Fletcher Medaris OF
Green's Fork. small town near here.
lied late Tuesday, Medaris almost
collapsed sooner, hut lived until the
In his honor had been car
lied out. II was his expressed wish
10 live for the celebration, which the
,ntire population Of Green's Fork
and $50 relatives attended
The Coalville times. [volume] (Coalville, Utah) 1894-1923, 1909-11-26
A Flve.Year Cruise In The North.

New York-Captain Raold Amund.
sen. discoveror OF the Northwest pas.
sage, who arrived Tuesday from Co
p,nhagen, explained that his visit to
america was TO NJ out an oceano.
er phic expedition for the Norwegian
gernment The expedition will
Start. he said from Chrlstiania, in
Nansen's old ship, the Fran, next
Jily. and probably will cruise for i've
ynnrb.
The Coalville times. [volume] (Coalville, Utah) 1894-1923, 1909-11-26
Gould and Vanderbilt Getting Friendly

New York Cornelius Vanderbilt
was ON Friday invited by George j.
Gould 10 become u member OF the
board Of directors aud executive com
mlttcr Of the Missouri Pacific Railway
company Mr. Vanderbilt has accept.
ed This IL taken TO mean In Wall
stree. that the Goulds and Wander,
bllts have engaged In a closer work.
Ing agreement and that interesting
developments I'm the railroad world
may result
The Coalville times. [volume] (Coalville, Utah) 1894-1923, 1909-11-26
ATTEMPT WHOLESALE MURDER.
Austrian officers Sent Deadly Poison
Under oulse Of Medicine.

Under oulse Of Medicine.
Vlerna.--An extraordinary attempt
nt Wholesale poisoning among mill
tary officers here has caused sensa.
ton.
A large number Of officers Just pro-
NOTED to bo captains on the general
stan have received through the malls
sample boxes OF pills. These were
accompanied by circular recon-
mendlng them for nervous debility.
Captain Nader took some OF the pills
and died almost Immediately. An
autonsy revealed the presence OF
cyanide OF potassium.
A further Investigation showed
that all the pills contained cyanide
OF potassium In large quantities and
also that many first lieutenants at
tached 10 the stan. but not promoted.
had not received pills, The circulars
were signed Charles Francis" and
bore n false address.
The Coalville times. [volume] (Coalville, Utah) 1894-1923, 1909-11-26
Want Citizenship Rights.

Cleveland, o,-on the ground that
natives OF Syria are the purest exist.
ing branch Of the Caucasian race. the
wealthy Cleveland Syrian colony the
second largest In the country, has or.
ganlzed ia fight against their exclu.
sion from rights OF citizenship under
the Chinese exclusion act
The Coalville times. [volume] (Coalville, Utah) 1894-1923, 1909-11-26
Uncle Joe Makes Denial.

Chloago.-joseph G, Cannon, speak,
or OF the house OF representatives.
answered his critics with defense Of
the present rules of the house and de.
MED that the speaker was a car. In
a speech here Thursday night.
The Coalville times. [volume] (Coalville, Utah) 1894-1923, 1909-11-26

Springfield lll.-Gov Dcnoen has
declared the Office of sheriff OF Alex.
ander county vacant, because sheriff
Frank u. Davis allowed William
James, a negro, and Henry Salzner.
white, to be taken from his care and
lynched ~ Calro. Ill. NnYnmher II.
The Coalville times. [volume] (Coalville, Utah) 1894-1923, 1909-11-26
Noted Author Dead.

New York. Richard Watson GIL.
der edItor.n-chIof OF the Century
Magazine since It's foundation In 1851,
and widely known ms AN author and
lecturer. died unexpectedly Thursday
night OF angina pectOris al the home
Of his sister, Mrs, Schuyler Van Rem
ENllnr.
The Coalville times. [volume] (Coalville, Utah) 1894-1923, 1909-11-26
Hunters kIII Sleeping Man.

Buena Vista Raphael Piano.
n section hand was killed Wednesday
night by several hunters, whose iden.
tity has not been learned. Piano had
entered an outbullding when the hun,
tors, not knowing he was there used
the door OF the building for target.
Ppno's body was found several hours
The Coalville times. [volume] (Coalville, Utah) 1894-1923, 1909-11-26
ANOTHER "pRY" COUNTY.


pons by trpe msJo~tty.
Twin Falls, ldnho.-At the county
local option election held In Twin
Falls Wednesday the county voted TO
throw out the saloons by a large ma.
Iority. The contest was very warm
and as result OF the election all 81.
looms viii go out OF business. Tho fol.
lowing towns are located In Twin
Falls county and are affected by the
election: Twin Falls. Bull. Filler
Kimberly, Hansen. Murtagh Rock
Creek, MilnP, Mornyia, Butte. Rise.
worth and GaselofOrd.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-03-04
Inter=NOrmal Contest

There is to be, not a local contest,
not county contest, not a district
contest, but STATE oratorical
contest. 1t will be held, not in
Madison, not in Milwaukee, not in
Superior, but in RIVER FALLS.
The date is, not next year, not ten
years hence, but Friday evening,
March 10, 1909. The contestants
will come from Milwaukee, Oshkosh,
Platteville, Stevens Point, Superior,
and Whitewater to measure up with
our local orator, Mr.. Whitcomb. AS
River Falls has never before enter
tanned an Intentional contest, this
coming contest will be by far the
greatest one ever held in this city,
aud one that furnishes our citizens
an exceptional opportunity.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-03-04
Normal Wins.

The pedagogues surprised the
basket ball fans here last Saturday
evening by their remarkable show
ing against the fast Galahad quintet,
running up score of SO to Gala
had's 10.
The Normal team has been some
what handicapped throughout the
season by the illness of some of its
best players. Manion, a new re-
cruit, was the star basket thrower
Saturday, scoring % points, while
Haddow, as usual figured promi-
nently in holding together the team
work and in protecting goal. AT
times Galahad's team work was ex-
ceptionally brilliant, but the locals
guard invaribly stopped it before
much scoring resulted.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-03-04
A. S. OF E. Convention

The American Society of Equity
of Pierce and St. Croix Counties
held joint convention in this city
Tuesday afternoon.
The meeting was presided over by
Ira Chryst of the town of Troy, and
Frank Anderson of Ellsworth, and
]. w. Knight of Wilson acted as
secretaries. The object of the
meeting which was held in the Odd
Fellows Hall was for the purpose of
making arrangements for the
purchase of binder Irvine, and for
pooling and selling this years crop
of wool. There were nearly us
members of the association present
az this meeting, which was one of
great interest and profit. .
Several resolutions were passed,
among them the following:
A resolution favoring Bill No. 48
S, known as the Marsh County OPP
ton Bill was unanimously adopted.
Resolution protesting against the
tariff on cereals.
Resolutions favoring Parcels Post
and Postal Savings Banks.
A resolution favoring a reduction
on machinery for farm purposes
until the price in this country is
equal to the price of American man
ufactured goods sold in foreign
countries.
The following committees were
appointed:
Committee on Wool = Pierce
County, Charles Fedderly, M. F.
Harris, T. Finn; St, Croix County,
c. Il. Chinook, Thomas Casey,
John Chapman.
Committee on Irvine - Pierce
County, C. E. Hanson, F. L. Wilkin-
son, Peter Huppert; St. Croix
County, Chris Nobel, P. ]. Stevens,
O. H. Steindorf. The Irvine COM
mittee will meet at Hudson on April
10th to receive bids.
Committee on Resolutions-F A.
Marshall, G. E. Hanson and Chris
Nobel.
Committee on Legislation-Peter
Huppert and C. t. Chinook.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-03-04
DEATHS
MRS. ELIZABETH STAPLES

MRS. ELIZABETH O1AILEc
Mrs. Elizabeth Staples died Sat
urday, February 20, at the home of
her niece, Mrs. Amos Staples, in the
town of Diamond Bluff, at the age
of SO years.
Miss Elizabeth Irvine was born
near Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, in
1920, and there she was married at
the age of twenty-five to Mr.. Fred
eric Staples. Together they came
to Wisconsin in October, 1858, and
located in Pierce county where they
purchased two tracts of eighty acres
each in the towns of River Falls
and Trimbelle. In May, 1879, Mr..
Staples died and up TO FIVE years ago
Mrs. Staples lived on the old home
stead, now occupied by her son
William H. Staples who is the only
survivor Of his mother. One other
son, Alfred, died in infancy. The
past few years Mrs. Staples has
made her home with her niece, Mrs.
Amos Staples, whom she reared
from infancy.
AS a wife, mother and neighbor
Mrs. Staples was above criticism.
In religious belief she was Pres
byterian, and was a member for
nearly fifty years of the Big River
Presbyterian church, of which she
was an original member. Less than
a half dozen of those who formed
the congregation now survive her,
many having passed to their reward
years ago.
The interment took place on Feb
ruary % in Big River cemetery
where she was laid to rest beside
her husband. The Reverend Mr..
Ford of Ellsworth conducted the
last services.
A long and righteous life is end
ed and another of the pioneers who
planted home in the wilderness,
and lived out the full course of
mortal existance upon it, has ex-
changed mortality for immortality.
Though sorrow dims our vision here,
Faith points beyond this mortal sphere;
Where tears of anguish never flow,
Where pain and death none ever know"
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-03-04

Mrs, Geo. Albright of Fergus
Falls, Mimi, arrived Monday morn
ing on visit to her sister, Mrs.
Clint Williams.
Six weeks of winter was the de-
cree which went forth on ground
hog day, but the past week could
hardly qualify for a place among
them if it were not in a winter
month. Everything is beautiful
overhead, but under foot-O slush!
Harry c. Hope, for the past TWEEN
ty-nine years at the head of the tel
egraph and signal service of the
Omaha road, died in St. Paul Fri
day evening of heart failure. Mr..
Hope was we'll known through this
section of the country, having at
one time resided at Prescott, and
was highly esteemed by all who
knew him.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-03-04
Rexall Ripples No. ID

DO you know, my little sister
Whence the tears come when you cry:
TITS the cider, oh, dear sister,
From the apple Of your eye.
Call on Rod poor little sister
You then will have no cause for tears.
He will FIT You with KNU DIGITs
Good to wear for twenty years.
Ashamrock, dhudeen, or shillaleh, or all
three, on pretty postal card, makes an accept
able ST. Patricks day remembrance; a beau iful
line of them at Taggarts ReXall store.
And don't forget the Easter Cards.
The High school contest is of interest TO the
whole community Go and give them all the
encouragement you can.
81 like this thing of bein glad
The feelins simply grand
To have teller slap your back
Or grip you by the hand
And look just tic died half to death
To see you once again.
WHY shucks, it makes you FEEL so glad
You simp ly HAVE to grin.
Don't look for faults in other folks,
Seek good in all your kind;
Sometimes it's christian charity
To be little blind;
you've faults yourself that you don't see,
And it might come to pass
The fellow that you criticised
Was just your looking glass"
RExALL Remedies all guaranteed.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-03-04
DIR. E. C. ROBERTS
OPTOMETRIsT

OP1OMEJRlSI
Will be at Hotel Gladstone, River
Falls, Wis, Tuesday, Wednesday,
and Thursday, March 16, II and Is.
Glasses fitted that will POSITIVELY
selieve all eye-strain that causes
headache, dizziness, floating spots, ner.
vousness, sore and inflamed eyes, cross
eyes, cataract, and many serious reflex
nerve disturbances, without drugs or pain.
Not excelled by ocular medical science.
All cases examined by electric skias-
copy, revealing the slightest errors of re-
fraction as well as any diseased or abnor-
NAL condition of the eyes.
Glasses made that WILL FIT the
most difficult case New lenses put in
old framesif desired Lenses replaced from
prescription number furnished to every
patient; a complete record being kept Of
every case. Artificial Eyes furnished.
Special attention given to the relief of
all nervous troubles which come from If
Titation of the vital nerve and brain CEN
tiers caused from uncorrected eye-strain,
where the wearing of properly fitted glass
an will relieve the condition
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-03-04
FOR SALE

Is room house, large lot, corner
Sd and Spring Sts., one block from
Normal. Very desirable property.
A snap at $1,000.
FARM For SALE miles east OF
city; 100 acres, 81 acres cultivated;
good house and other buildings;
plenty wood for fuel.
LARSON BROS. LAND co.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-03-04
Home Culture Club Program
MARCH TO- 1909

Current Topic:-The Homecoming of our
Battleships. Leader, Mrs. Cora Stiles
History Lesson Cause of the Persian Wars
Darius Expedition, Marathon, Themisto-
cles, Xerxes Thermopylae, Salamis,
Plataea, Mycale.
Leader Mrs. Bertha Dunbar.
Hostess, Mrs. Ella Taylor,
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-03-04
Tuesday Club Program
MARCH 8, 1909

Current Events Incidents of the Inaugural
tion-Mrs. Brier.
Subject for Study-Acts 5. Question l2l to
1884, Leader and Hostess, Mrs. Weld.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-03-04
Inaugural Banquet

Everybody come and shake hands
with Uncle Sam, Teddy and Pres.
Taft and enjoy Csc supper at the
M, Z. church Saturday evening.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-03-04
The lineup:
HIGH SCHOOL ORATORICAL
CONTEST
M. E. CHURCH, MARCH S, 'Oo
6:I5 p. M.
PROGRAM


T., Piano Solo-Schl ummerlied-Robert
Schumann OPP. 1A. Charlene Flower
2. America, a World Repubic-Beveridge
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. Sidney Rogers
3. On Secession-We bster. ........Joe Taylor
4. Stonewall Jaclson-Hoge Chas. Chapman
5. Song-Dixie ....Jubilee Chorus Company
6. Incident in the life of Wendell Phillips
Weld. ......................V We're Sanders
z. On the Union--W ebster.... Leslie Kay
8. Regulus to the Carthaginians.
................,.......B ernhardt Solberg
g. Vocal Solo-selected Observation-Disclosures.
-. Thomas j. Snodgrass
TO- America and International Peace
hOOSeVelJ.. '..'..s.- Lyle D. SuDlbb
H. Significance of the Spanish War-Long
....................Ra Raymond j. Anderson
H. Vocal Solo Across the Dee-Whitney
Coombs Beatrice Casson
Decision of Judges.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-03-04
GIRLS WANTED

WANTED-Two apprentice girls to
learn millinery. MRS. ADA MILLER.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-03-04
FOUND

FoUND-In January, cross and
chain; owner call at Journal office.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-03-04
Classified Advertisements
FOR SALE

For SALE-A registered Oxford
Down ram. None better in the two
counties. Inquire of Geo. Steck-
meyer, on Barlow farm, near Glow
er's station.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-03-04

Seats for Gillian, extra number
of Peoples Lecture Course, Satur-
day.
Mrs. l. w. Switzer of Minneapolis
is visiting at the home of Rev. and
Mrs. F. w. Harris.
The Ladies Aid Society of Eek
lei Luthern church met with Mrs.
N. Heyerdahl this afternoon.
Richard Hagg has moved his fam
lily from the Walker house on Cedar
street into the Al. Smith house on
Main street.
A number of w. R. c. ladies of
the city enjoyed sleighride in a
four-horse rig yesterday, extending
the trip to the home of Mr.. and Mrs.
VIM. Stewart in the Fargo district,
where a pleasant afternoon was
spent.
A number of Normal and High
School teachers enjoyed "A sleigh
ride expedition to Ellsworth Satur-
day, driving out in the. morning and
returning after luncheon. The party
consisted of the Misses Pardee,
Flemming, Coggeshall and Arm
strong of the Normal faculty and
the Misses Ada TAFT and Adeline
Cornish of the High School.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-03-04

RExALL Remedies all guaranteed.
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1909-05-11
TUESDAY, MAY II. 1909.
y M. c. 4. EOR BROWNS
VILE.

No move has been proposed for
Brownsville that would be more ben
efcial than that contemplating the
establishment of Young Mems
Christian Association here. The
wholesome effect of this great organi-
cation upon the moral atmosphere of
any place where it is known is felt
and acknowledged by everyone. All
religious denominations are included
among its supporters. The Y. NJ, c.
a. is wholly eleYating and refining
in its influences. 1t develops a healthy
moral tone in any community, pro-
viding clean and wholesome amuse-
ment for the young men who are
included in its membership, and max
ing them better, purer and nobler.