The times and democrat. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1881-current, 1909-09-16
AWFUL DISEASE
Pelaga is Spreading Rapidly Through
the South and West.
new MENACE TO AMERICA

Medical Science is orklnS W Ols-
cover the Secret of the Terrible
Plague That Has Invaded the
United States and Which is Caus-
ed by Eating Corn.
Appearance in the United States OF
that mysterious disease, pellagra,
practically a new and hitherto un-
familiar kind of leprosy, and which,
though introduced but recently, IS
spreading with great rapidity, may
we'll excite alarm, says Rene Bache
in the New York American. 1t is
disease, among the most frightful
known to mankind-which already
claims about one million victims,
now surviving, in the Old World.
Over there it pursues, in nearly
all in 5tances, slow course, killing
the sufferers very gradually. But
in this country it becomes unique
and is often a swift destroyer, the
symptoms being "telescoped, as one
might say, so that the whole course
of the malady may be run within
few weeks, terminating in death.
To call it new brand Of lepro-
sy" is by no means inappropriate.
But, in truth, it is worse-much
worse. Not only does it transform
the skin of the body in to a yellow
and parchment-like covering, crack
ed and beset with foul and ulcerous
sores, but it directly assails the tenn
pie of the mind, reducing the patient
to condition of insanity or idiocy.
Until recently the disease, it's
name compounded from two Italian
words, 'pelle," skin, and agra,
rough-has been regarded as pc
culiar to the Old, Worlds though
a few sporadic cases of it have ap-
peared from time to time in Mexico
and South America. Suddenly and
unexpectedly it invaded the United
States-the first sickness of the
kind being reported only a few years
ago in Georgia. Now quite as sud-
denly it has spread throughout most
of the Southern States and, worse
still, because Of the difference in
climate, it has attacked the Middle
West.
Fifty cases have been found at
the Peoria, Illinois, State Hospital
alone, and Captain Joseph F. Siler,
of the Army Medical Corps, sent
there to investigate, has reported
to the government that he believes
the malady has long prevailed, MT
only around Peoria, but throughout
illinois and the great corn growing
States Of the West.
For it is in corn that the cause
of the disease, whatever it may be,
turks.
The malady is neither contagious
nor infectious. That is to say, one
person cannot "catch it, or take
it, from another. Each individual!
case originates from the moldy corn
direct. In all likelihood, the mis-
chief-making fungus starts it's work
in the cornfield, where its spones fall
upon the ripening ears and grow.
But even this is not a certainty.
1t may be asked, why does not
cooking kill the fungus germs? So
in all likelihood it does. But the
poison manufactured by the fungus
is what makes the trouble, and ap-
parently this is not deprived of its
toxic efficiency by high temperatures.
That boiling does not render it harm
less is shown by the fact, already
mentioned, that alcohol distilled
from spoiled maize will cause the
disease.
The spores of the fungus start
colonies in the intestine, and the
poison they produce is taken up by
blood and thus carried to all parts
Of the body. 1t is in effect drug,
particularly injurious to the brain
and nervous system generally
whence the profound effect of the
disease upon the mentality. This ef-
feet, like the purely physical symp-
toms, is progressive, and frequently
terminates in idiocy or insanity.
When it is said that the disease
is due to something in moldy or
musty corn nearly all has been said
that is really known of the cause.
1t is true that at the Meridian
Hospital, in Mississippi, a new and
unknown BACILLUS has been isola'
ted after investigation into a num-
her of cases of the disease, but
whether this is the real micrObe of
pellagra. whether there is a mic
robe or whether the malady is due
to some vegetable growth that en-
ters the blood through the corn, is
not actually known.
Nor is it likely that an effective
remedy will be found until the cause
is definitely ascertained. The Italian
theory, and the one commonly ac-
cepted, is that it is caused by "a
fungus parasitic on maize or by a