The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1909-12-23

Cover creps
As the trees come into bearing IN
growth OF . cultivated crop between
the rows should I've discontinued, Som
cultivation. however. will stlll be nee
rssary II the best results are to be sc
cured. One Of the best means 10 civ,
this is by blowing and preparing th,
toil IN the spring aud then sowin,
Hover or some legume as catch crop
rhis will supply the soil with nitrogen
aud humas aud keep u IN good phys
lcal condition, Calves. sheep or hog,
may be turned Into the orchard IN th,
iall to eat the clover. or II may b,
plowed under the next spring.
The trees WIN be so large by this
time that II win be Impossible to eul.
tivafe close 20 them, nor is this neccs.
sary since the feeding roots are far.
ther out In the spaces between the
rows, The space close around the
trees may be seeded TO blue grass or
some other perennial
As the orchard gets older II may be
left In clover for two or three years
n q time. An occasional plowing and
eseeding VIII be necessary TO renew
the clover and 10 prevent the orchard
from becoming sod bound. II used as
q hog pasture the hogs will keep the
soil loosened up sufficiently. at the
same time adding considerable fcrtil-
lty. In such a case all the treatment
that Is necessary is an occasional re.
seeding, If well fed the hogs WIN do
no damage to the apple trees On
the other hand. they viii do a great
ocal or good by eating wormy fruit
and thus destroying the worms
Where II IL not convenient 10 allow
hogs or sheep In the orchard an occa.
sional load Of well rotted stable ma.
nure will be beneficial DO not pile
this around the trees but scatter II
evenly over the ground Wood ashes
are a good substitute for manure, but
can seldom be obtained In sufficient
amounts to be used to advantage.
II the orchard Is properly attended
to from the start little pruning will be
necessary. II Is much better to pinch
Of twig occasionally than to cut OF
4 branch as big as your arm a few
years later. II takes but a little time
to go over the orchard In the spring
and clip OF such twigs as do not seem
10 be needed The object should be TO
produce an even. spreading. some
what open head II II ever does
become necessary to- remove large
branches they should be cut close to
he trunk and the wounds painted
with white lead. II is better to do
his severe pruning In the winter be
'ore the sap begins to run.
Spraying For Insects.
One OF the most effective means OF
occurring large crops OF fruit is spray
ng. Fruit trees OF all kinds are sub
ect to many injurious insects and dis.
,ases, which II left to themselves will
materially lessen the yields. There are
wo kinds of insects-biting and suck
ng. The former can be combated by
means Of poisons sprayed upon the
caves The sucking insects, OF which
liant lice are the most common exam
les, cannot be killed In this way,
ince they drill Into the plant and suck
be Juices. The most effective remedy
or them IL some insecticide which will
III by contact, like kerosene emulsion,
his Is made by dissolving half a
ound Of soap in a gallon OF boiling
gater, adding two gallons Of Kerosene
nd churnlng the mixture violently I'm.
Il the oil Is thoroughly mixed with
he soapsuds. This is diluted with
line times as much water before
sing II may be applied with spray
ump whenever the lice are trouble
ome and Is a very effective remedy.
The biting Insects are by far the
lost troublesome In the orchard. or
,ese the codllng moth probably does
le most damage. II is the larvae
atched from The eggs Of the codllng
10Th that cause wormy apples. The
mt caterpillar and canker worm at
lck the leaves, sometimes stripping
le tree bare. There Is no better rem
~ for these insects than paris green
Issolved In water at the rate OF one
,und to 100 gallons. Three pounds OF
eshly slaked lime should be added to
revent injury to the foliage. Paris
-een can also be used for the plum
lrcuIio and for the other insects which
tack the plum and cherry. The foil
re of these trees Is more tender than
Iat Of the apple. however. and for
Iat reason some less severe insec-
eide, such as arsenate Of lead dis
lived at the rate OF three pounds to
'ty gallons Of water is better. {
Spraying For FUNGUS Diseases.
The most troublesome fungous dis
ses are apple scab, plum, pear and
Jerry leaf spot and peach leaf curl
be most efficient fungicide Is Dor
aux mixture. This Is made by dis
living four pounds Of copper sulphate Y
ID four pounds Of lime In ffty gal
ms of water The object Of fungi
ie Is not to cure diseases, but TO pre- !.
mt them. These fUngons diseases !.
read by means OF spores which are !
rried from, leaf to leaf by the wind !
hen they alghi on ienf. especially =
the surface is n little moist, they .
ow and produce another center OF =
sense " the leaf II covered with a Z
In coating Of the copper sulpbate :
|xfure the spores are killed befor, =