davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Omaha daily bee., 1909-07-18

necessary In order to boost or step tn
voltage ((pressure) of the electric current
generated by the dynAmos up to a value
sufficient TO force the current through a
long transmission line, perhaps in which
1t is to be utilized. Copper or aluminium
wire being expensive, as small a size as
possible must be used in the
line. The smaller the wire the greater the
resistance to the flow OF current, conse-
quently the transformer is employed to
furnish sufficient voltage to overcome this
resistance. A transformer is a compare
lively simple piece Of apparatus. with no
moving parts. When two coils of wire are
placed one over the other and an alter
mating current is passed through one Of
them, an alternating current is set up in
the other, although the two coils are en-
tirely separated and insulated from each
other. This is caused by an electrical phe-
nomenon known as induction. This effect
is increased II a mas OF iron be placed
within the coils. If the primary coil, or
the coil receiving current from the source,
has, say. 100 turns. and the secondary
coil has 1000 turns, the voltage delivered
by the secondary will be ten times as high
as that impressed upon the primary, al
though the current, measured in am
pheres, will be only one-tenth thai deliv-
cred to the primary. The above, in brief,
is the principle of the step-up transformer.
Omaha daily bee., 1909-07-18

pony farm. stocked with about fifty well
bred animals, They range in weight from
$50 to $50 pounds. It Is quite a treat to
visit this farm and see these little animals
at play. For it is all play with them.
These animals are bred and raised for al
most the sole purpose Of making the chill
dren of this country more happy. They
are well broke before being sent out
II. H. Harvey may truthfully be called
a dog fancier. He engaged in this industry
some five years ago, and his business has
steadily increased. lie keeps nothing but
the Scotch collie and some of these are
imported from Scotland. He raises moth
ing but the very beat strain OF this breed
and in the last year he has shipped out
26O dogs, going to many states In the
union.
Last of all. the most peculiar industry
of Clay Center is a serret farm, where
this little animal is bred and reared and
shipped to all parts of the country. L. A.
Brown is proprietor Of this most peculiar
farm. These animals are sold for the hunt
ing of rabbits and other small game, and
to large grist mill and elevator companies
and similar concerns, that are apt to be
overrun with rats.
Clay Center is not a retired farmers
town. 1t is largely q wo~rkingman's town,
and the laboring man has a good home
life. Cheap living expenses, good schools
and churches, a substantial lot Of retail
stores. and work the year round. Men
who have families, where the boy and girl
want superior educational advantages, are
wanted here. The flour mill. one Of the
best in the state. runs night and day. fur
nishing employment to quite a force of
men. Wages are good and this little city
is and always has been free from labor
troubles.
OF late the best citizens are taking an
active part in the city government. 80
that the city council is composed of
strong men. Mr.. J. L. Wheeler is serving
his third term as mayor, and the city has
prospered under his administration He Is
one of Clay Center's most active and
progressive citizens.
Omaha daily bee., 1909-07-18

ton Of a wireless telegraph installation
in the interior was pointed out by the ad-
ministration as one Of the most important
needs of China today. 1t is said the board
considers 1t practically impossible to estab-
llsh the ordinary land lines across the
great deserts between Picking and the ex-
IRENE northwest, but the natural diff
culties could be surmounted by the use OF
wireless, Balkson's system is considered
by the local board to be the newest and
most efficient, and the administration was
instructed to make the necessary inquiries
and were also given a list OF qeustions as
to the echnical matters which 1t was their
business to answer.
Omaha daily bee., 1909-07-18
Fairgrounds of the Nation

The nation that leads the world in fever
ish business activity requires Fairgrounds
as well as workshops. II we aspire to
maintain Industrial supremacy we must
perforce think Of conserving not only
minerals but men. Arguments for scenic
preservation need not be limited to es-
thetic or postulates; the play
grounds OF the nation are essential TO its
very life. Nor can the materialist turn
aside from this demand OF the times, for
no greater value can be won from noun
tain slopes and rushing rivers than
through the utilization OF natural scenery
In the Development OF citizens.
John Muir has Justly termed the noun
tain parks fountains OF life. Here can
be had the recreation that makes for in
creased ana maintained efficiency. The
appreciation OF the beautiful in nature
should become more and more an Amsri-
can characteristic, and in these days OF
national stock-taking we do we'll to in
ventor the nations wealth in wild seem
cry.
The national policy OF preserving the
best Of America for present and future
enjoyment is we'll fixed. Since ls72 twelve
national parks have been established. in
Guiding public domain within as many
different States. with an aggregate area OF
$500, 900 acres. In addition TO these res
ervation there have been created since
June, 1906, eighteen national monuments
In nine States, with a total area Of over
10000 acres. The Grand Canyon and
the petrified forest in Arizona and the
natural bridges IN Utah are tho most
notable OF the national monuments; Of
the national parks the Yello% stone. the
Yosemite. and the Mount Rainier are the
best known. The Secretary OF the Interior
Ia the Federal officer charged with the adj
mlnlstration Of these national reservG-
lions and congress makes annual APP
preparations for their maintenance. those
for the current year amounting to pTL
00. The present policy IL 70 make the
utilization Of those resources for recrea-
tion available 10 the greatest number OF
people by building roads and trails, issu-
ing maps, and safeguarding the health
and comfort OF visitors through sanitary
improvements and supervision OF the
transportation and hotel oOnesssi0nS-Rs-
view OF RsViswA
Omaha daily bee., 1909-07-18

rill at her home, and was attended by
thlrty-nine pupils.
Fairfield il the new name of the old post
office center known as White Elm. In
point of settlement and progress It ranks
with Sutton. Harvard, Edgar and Clay
Center. It is the center Of trade for the
southwest townships of Clay county and
the towns adjoining on the south and west.
Its grain market is celebrated and the sur
rounding country peopled by an Industrious
class of citizens. Fairfield tewnsite was
entered by Maxilian Reed in 1871. John
Clancy was a pioneer settler of the town
site. The postoffice was established in
the fall of 1871 outside of the village Of
White Elm. In April. 1889, ]. E. Hooper
was elected town mayor. The first school
building was erected in the fall of 1873 and
cost 81, 400. In April. 1884, the sum Of
I17.O 900 was subscribed by twelve persons for
the benefit of Fairfield college.
Edgar is made up of all kinds of peo-
pie, shaped to an enterprislng community
Omaha daily bee., 1909-07-18

the following statements will show. It is
a little town of only one thousand in
habitants, but it is distinctly in a class
by itself. Its many and varied sources Of
income within the village limits, and its
being surrounded by the richest and best
developed farm lands in the state will
make II easy to maintain that Clay Center
is the banner town for its odd and peculiar
industries. The cream separator and the
incubator are twin brothers of modern
times. And 1t is the incubator business
that has done much and Is doing more for
this thrifty little town.
1t would be OF course, impossible to de-
termine just what proportion OF the rapid
and substantial growth of Clay Center is
due to the rich agricultural surroundings.
And just what proportion of it's late pros
perity and progress is due to the remark
able enterprise and business tact of NJ.
NJ. Johnson, the founder and proprietor
of the incubator business of this city.
Certain it is. however. that Clay Center
Omaha daily bee., 1909-07-18

has received much I'm both directions and
combined results are in the highest degree
entirely satisfactory to all citizens whose
Interests or attachments are centered here.
Mr.. johnson established the incubator
business here in Clay Center in 1895. He
established and built the present factory
which employs about 300 hands. Last sea-
son he turned out 5000 incubators, which
were shipped to every state and some for
eIgn countries. Mr.. Johnson has his own
photograph gallery and printing plant, and
an office force Of seventy-five. Mr.. John
son does largely a mail order business. The
following statement pertaining to the post
office business at Clay Center is due largely
to the immense business of this one manu-
featuring house. The Clay Center postoffice
has grown since 1898 from a fourth class.
to a second class office, doing a busines
for the last five years of $3.50, 600 to $500. oOO
per year In money order payments, and
SIS. 1000 to $4,000 in postal receipts. Only
seven offices in the state outrank the Clay
Center office in volume of business.
One of the most practical organizations
of this little city, and one that is doing
much for the farmers is the Nebraska
Poultry company. under the management
Of w. F. Holcomb. This company makes
u specially OF nlBn craze, well Dfeo pour
try. About forty-three varieties are kept
on different farms scattered over the
county, where much care and pains are
taken to breed and raise the best varieties
and the most hardy and thrifty OF each
variety that can be produced. This organi-
cation has been a success from the start.
This little city seems to be the center
of a circle that is doing much to develop
a better grade Of stock on the farm. This
section stands first in the state in the
breeding OF Duroc-Jersey and Poland China
hogs. There are at least three breeders
here who have developed some of the best
specimens and sold for the highest price
of any in the state. One hog was recently
sold for $500. And the price of from S1OC
TO 500 is not at all These high
grade breeding animals are shipped out
through Nebraska and adjoining states.
The Shetland pony industry is neither
the last nor least of Clay Centcr's many
enterprises. II. II. Johnson has a Shetland
Omaha daily bee., 1909-07-18

promise an unfaillng supply OF 10000 horse
power when the program has been fully
carried out, reports the New York Tribune.
Recent notifications Of the law In France,
making It possible to utilize private rights
OF way along a part of the route, reduce
the estimated length OF tho transmission
line to about $50 miles. Prof. Blondel. its
chief advocate, believes that q pressure
OF 10, 900 volts could be easily maintained
II ar alternating current were used, and
l5o, 600 or leO. 900 volts with the use Of q
direct current Indeed. he Is so favorably
impressed with the claims OF NJ. Thury, a
Swiss engineer, who has invented the APP
paratus for raising and lowering the volt
age OF a direct eurrent-a notable inno-
vation-that he thinks q voltage OF 100000
might be found practicable.
So unfamiliar are American electricians
with the Thury system, which is said to
have rendered fairly successful service In
modest enterprises In Europe, that they
will probably hesitate TO form an opinion
regarding its suitability for the work now
In question. Little doubt will be enter
tained. however, in regard to the FEAST
bility OF carrying out the plan in other
respects, IL an alternating current is
adopted. For more than a year a pressure
Of ITO, 900 volts has been employed on a
transmission inc IN 11iGnlkau. 30 well 90
the improved insulAtors used on that line
prevent leakage Of current that a con-
tract was closed q few weeks ago by a
Canadian power company for the con-
struction OF q line to transmit current at
the same pressure. Prof. Blondels plan
therefore calls for only a slight advance
over what has actually been accomplished.
and probably few electricians think that
even 10, 900 volts will mark the limit be-
yond which it viii be impossible TO go.
In the length of the proposed French lin
there does not seem to be anything un'
reasonable. One ansmissi line in Cal
ifornia from Colgate to a Francisco) Is
more than 200 miles long, and the increase
In the distance to be covered In France
is only about o~ne-Quarter. It Is automatic
that the higher line voltage used the fur
Their a current can be sent over a wire
of 2 given size. Prof. BlondeIs scheme Is
mukA less pretentious than the one which
contemplated transmitting power COO or 7C
miles from Victoria Falls, but which has
never been carried out.
Almost the only question to be answered
relative to the French project is, will Il
pay9 Many things are technically feasible
which are commercially impracticable. That
Is apparently the trouble with the South
African enterprise referred 70. What Prof
Blondel needs TO ascertain Is whether he
could sell electrically generated power
light and heat In Paris more cheaply thar
they are now produced by steam. and vel
be able to pay his operating expenses and
the interest on the necessary investment
which he estimates at tS1eo0.OG
Phone Meters.
Omaha daily bee., 1909-07-18

cratic. -Four years later, in 1876, there were
1,036 republican votes and 341 democratic.
The tide Of emigration flowed steady into
Clay county from $50 and 1871 until the
county was literally covered with substan-
tial farmers and the villages filled with en-
terprising citizens. The Harvard Champion
was established In 1872 and was the pioneer
newspaper Of the county. There have been
over thirty papers established in the
county at different times.
The first school Of Clay county was
established December l. 1861, by Thomas
M. Gregory, District No. 6. Twenty years
later, in ISL, there were sixty-nine districts
established, and s~eventy-four school build
ings in existence. There were over $500
children, and eighty-nine teachers were
employed, who received s20,5CO salary. The
Clay County Agricultural society was or
ganized April Is. 1872. at the court house
in Sutton.
Clay Center was surveyed into GOO lots in
1879. The first buildings erected on the
site was a large one story frame building
built in 1879 by w. D. Young, and used
as a court house. In 1856 a number of
persons from Fairfield visited Clay Center
on the first passenger train that entered
the town.
Sutton is the center Of new associations
It's first settlers were iron souled men,
who determined to hew out q town and
build a prosperous community. 1t is the
oldest town in Clay county, and claims
to be the largest in point of population.
Its early history is interesting in every
particular and instructive in many. The
town site, named after Sutton, Mass, was
entered as a homestead, March IA, 1870,
by Luther French. The postoffice was es-
tablished in June, 1871.
Harvard Village and vicinity may be
termed the site of some of the parent
settlement of the county. When the first
settlers came to this old Indian camping
ground the prairie extended to the horizon
in every direction. In 1871 the site OF Har-
ward was pre-empted by N. W. Brass and
three others. The postoffice was estab-
lished at Harvard in December, 1871, with
E. J. Stone as postmaster. The railroad
depot was established here in the fall OF
1871. The first school was opened in the
winter of 1872 and 1879. by Mrs. C. X. Nor
Omaha daily bee., 1909-07-18

IA,1 sive map Of Nebraska we should
FW mark off Clay county with a
hSHAsau& red circle around Clay Center
IQSH&0I as being one of the spots on
- earth where people take to the
odd, the queer and the curious. More in
dustries that are out of the ordinary are
engaged In Clay county than in any other
five counties OF the state combined. They
will be mentioned later on. Lured by the
price Of farm land and excited by the
prospect of a climate and country hat
robs property of half Its terror, the aver
age citizen who came to heal his lungs or
his fortune has become an enthusiast for
Clay county. John b. Weston was the
first white settler % the county and built
the first log house In 1857 at Pawnee ranch,
on Pawnee creek. James BANTER was the
early historian OF the county. The Roper
brothers owned a ranch that was estab-
lished In 1860. In 1864 there was no settle
ment in the county excepting at Pawnee
ranch. In 1868 and 1864 emigration was
very heavy, passing through the county
on the old overland trail, principally men
going to Pixies Peak, or any place where
they could escape the war. There were
weeks at a time when there would be as
many as 800 teams passing a given point
each day. The pony express had been
discontinued and stages were used and
running one each way daily. There were
plenty Of buffalo, elk, antelope and thou
sands Of wild turkey, but the latter nearly
all disappeared after the big storm Of April,
1873. The sale Of farm products to the
emigrants at this time was of much help
20 the early settlers. Potatoes sold for 5
cents a pound, hay for the same and
other things in proportion. There were
many Indians-Pawnees and Omahas-but
ell friendly. The winter of 1868 and 1884
was rough and cold, but travel on the trail
continued through the entire winter.
Clay county was established by act APP
proved February 10, 1867, The county was
organized September II, 1871. on March 2,
1872. r. G.. Browns house at Sutton was
designated as the place of meeting and the
office Of county clerk. The first regular
court house was completed November 80,
1880. The presidential election of 1872 shows
264 republican votes and thirty-one demo-
Omaha daily bee., 1909-07-18
Largest TRANSFORMER.

The largest electric transformer ever
built is described and illustrated in Popular
Electricity (Chicago). The machine, ac-
cording to this authority, is about twenty
feet tall and weighs 10000 pounds, with
the outer casing in place, not including
the water which is kept in the casing to
cool the interior parts, A transformer is
Omaha daily bee., 1909-07-18
wireless TeIegraphy in China.

The acting president Of the board OF
communications. says a United States con-
sular report, has sent an order to the tele-
graph administration in Shanghai, directing
It to obtain from foreign firms tenders for
wireless telegraphic installations which. the
government desires to establish between
the Altai mountains and Ahsien in the
northwest of Chinese Turkestan. The ques-
Omaha daily bee., 1909-07-18

the talk Of another woman Is seriously
questioned by General Manager Hubbard
OF the Chicago Telephone company. In
fact, he Is convinced that his corporation
is losing money because their women oper-
Rtors, with lead pencils and pads. often
forget to put down a black mark against
the user of a measured phone service.
Therefore. the company has installed
nearly 1000 talk measures" These tele-
phone meters. according TO Mr.. Hubbard,
are much more accurate than are the
women operators in keeping track Of the
amount Of talking done on each wire.
The franchise Of the company provides
that meters shall be installed Just as soon
as an efficient meter is found An engt-
neer of the Chicago Telephone company
has Invented q device which is being
tested. This Is only one of fourteen which
have been investigated. but objections were
found to each. That now being tested is
the same which is used in New York. The
only difference Is that New York uses
a shorter circuit, and Mr.. Hibbard said
that the plan which was the most ef-
ficient would be recommended by the COM
pAny.
In addition to counting the number Of
calls OF subscribers this instrument also
counts the number OF connections made by
each operator. Its chief advantage over
other meters is that it is impossible for it
to be manipulated 10 register more than
one time during one conversation. When a
subscriber gets the number desired the
operator pushes a button and the call is
registered.
"All OF these are attached to main ex-
change wires" explained Mr.. Hubbard,
and I believe they will save money for
the company. With a girl and a pencil
we have missed many calls. The operator
forgets to put down every call made. or
our iS6,6ls phones about 1000 are nickel
in-the-slot, 1854 are flat rate UNLIMITED
s%ervice), $500 are private exchanges and
only 7.l63 are measured service on which
meters can be placed.
NO one has invented a satisfactory
meter TO be placed on the premises Of the
subscriber. One man came along with an
idea which we have purchased. and per-
haps later We will be able TO make a
meter which We can place on any instru-
ment."
Omaha daily bee., 1909-07-18
No Injury from wireless.

NO INJURY from Wireless.
Statements have been made in the medical
and general press that the electric waves
used in wirless telegraphy ste Injurious to
the operators and produce various diseases,
such as conJuncuvitis, corneal liberation,
and leukoma. Mr.. Marconi writes to the
London Times TO deny these suggestions.
He says: las I am not ambitious to be
associated with any new addition 10 the
already sufficiently sorrowful list of oc-
cupational diseases, perhaps you will kindly
allow me the courtesy or your columns to
state most e~mphaucally that. whatever may
happen In conditions with which / am not
acquainted. my own experience and that
OF the companies associated with my name
both here and In other parts OF the world.
supplies no evidence whatever In support
or these suggestions. Just as II Is neces-
sary 70 protect the eyes from the effects
OF any source OF intense light, so. In our
night-powsr stations. we find il convenient
70 surround our sparks and discharges with
Omaha daily bee., 1909-07-18
Long Distance Transmission

PROPOSITION, made ten years
or more ago, TO convey power
IN the form Of electricity from
a point on the upper Rhone TO
Paris is receiving fresh con-
sideration. The promoters
Omaha daily bee., 1909-07-18

state Control of Wireless.
A scheme OF legislation drawn up by the
ministers Of posts and telegraphs. Of war
Omaha daily bee., 1909-07-18

q non-translucent screen or box; but no
other precautions AVE been found neces-
sary, and the health of our operators and
other employees has, 1 am glad to say,
been uniformly satisfactory. During the
twelve years or so of our operations 1 have
had to deal with no single case of COM
pensation for any injury of this origin, nor,
so far as l can ascertain, has any injury
been suffered. Speaking for myself. 1 may
remark that my own good health has never
been better than during the often extended
periods when l have been exposed for many
hours daily to the conditions now chal-
lenged. and in the constant neighborhood
of electrical discharges at our transatlan-
tic stations, which l believe are the most
powerful In the world"
Shall the Servant he MasterT
Electricity has escaped from the factory
and has entered the home, says a writer
in Hampton's Magazine. All over Amer
lea are houses TO which coal is a stranger;
houses In which the lighting, the cooking,
the ironing. the heating is all done by the
electric current, These houses are fast
increasing in number. All over America
are farmers who have on their land small
brooks which, II harnessed. will supply
this power. But most of us become the
tenants OF some big corporations owning a
waterfall grabbed from us-perhaps 200 to
300 miles away. We have never seen the
fall, but we can tap the slender wire by
our gate and draw from It-at a cost
reaching 800 to $3.50 a horsepower year for
small users-the current which in a mo-
Omaha daily bee., 1909-07-18
Phone SIetsrs

ThS efficiency 81 . woman In measuring