davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The San Francisco call., 1909-04-20
STATES WINES
GREAT SOURCE
OF PROSPERITY
MIX, Too, Brings Wealth to
Dairymen Who Supply San
Francisco County
Butter and Cream Kept Pure
~ Rigid System of
Inspection

! VERY nation in the world that ap-
3 pteciates the juice of the grape
IL -einlented into cheering vintages
Knows the wines Of California.
-Heif worth has carried them over
p. seas - compete with the choicest prod
acts oi tae vineyards of France, Italy
sd spain. owing TO the ideal condi-
tpns under which they are made their
cost IS SO reasOnab BILE that they are
within fno reach Of all
The semttropical climate enjoyed by
many portions OF northern and south
ern California made them the inevi-
table field for viucultural experiments
In the time Of the Spanish padres. The
experimental stage was passed after
the L~sl harvesting Of grapes, and
when tbe prodact Of the first vintage
was tasted the beginning OF what has
become one of The most important in
olstrIes of the state was made
California wines are made in all va
rietLes, and there is no variety that
does not satisfy the discriminating
1aste of the connoisseur. The agen-
cies for all the California wines are
located in san Francisco. With the
aid leH street directions the pros
peativc purchaser Is placed ia the Po-
sitll ~ sampinE the fruit of vine
yards separated by hundreds Of miles,
and las only difficulty win be in Sc
leclile what he considers the best
lent.
The wines Of California leave san
Francisco on stea mers. on sailing yes
sels which. in their slow Journeyings,
Improve the bouquet Of the vintages)
and Oh ll- transconrinental lines that
carry tlen 10 the appreciaive eastern
er's eea-. The export of wines has
assumed large proportions
California has made its fame as
largely lE its wines. il the last few
Sears. as by its annual output of gold.
California wines are used at leading
hotels 90 the United States and OF Eu-
rope Both The wines and brandies have
. nigh reputation for their purity
and Tor the skin which figure in
their satisfactory production The
home consumption Of California wines
IS very large Tie consumption IN
an parts Of the world. where there
are bon viEants is steadily increasing
as their Intrinsic merits are better and
better understood. Al all worlds fairs
and eXpositions in late years the Cali
.1ornia wines have won honOrs and
favorable mention.
The San Francisco call., 1909-04-20
PACIFIC CLUB
BE

It's what's inside the bottle
which counts when you are
buying beer. We have stead
lily worked for the very highest
quality known to the brewers
art and have achieved it In
Pacific Club. It's so much
better than the best that
you'll instantly recognize the
difference
The San Francisco call., 1909-04-20
VARIETY or GRAPES

The mention Of the wines Of this
state Suggests what a great variety
OF grapes figure in their composition.
Half q hundred or more sorts are
grown for the purpose Of getting the
most perfect of beverages. The crush
iue of grapes In the sweet wine and
bra ndy producing districts is begun
eycrs vcar some time ia August, and
for some months the work of extract
eug tle 5lsces OF the grapes continues.
TIE crushing for dry wines begins
littIe ter. about the nrst week in Sep
tenober second crop grapes are some
,anes crushed about the first of No
verubcr.
some plants that make wine in Cali
formia have a capacity for handling
between 200 and 500 tons of grapes a
day Compare lively little arabic land
fn california in the regions that are
known rs grape bearers IS unable to
grow fire grapes. The future output
veu be limited only by the market de-
raand for wines and brandy The
brandy that IS manufactured is the
product. im california, principally of
The muscat grape. The production
also includes what are known to the
trade as the "folle blanche" brandies.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28
LEGAL.


a schedule of pipe. valves and radiation.
l. Q. b. cars, Topeka, Kan, for the Boys
Industrial School;
Also for schedule of pipe and fittings
I. Q. b.. cars Beloit, Kan. for the Girls
Industrial School
All of the foregoing to be in strict ac-
cord with the Specifications which may be
obtained upon application to the Secretary
of the Board of Control. Topeka. Kan.
Each proposal must be accompanied by
a certified check on some responsible bank
Tor per cent of the amount OF the bid.
payable to the Board of Control. same to
be forfeited to the State in case successful
bidder fails for 10 days to enter into con-
tract and furnish the required bonds as
prescribed by law after the awarding Of
the contract.
Proposals shall be sealed. addressed to
the Secretary of the Board of Control,
Topeka, Kan. and plainly marked on the
outside of the envelope Proposals for
pipe, fittings, etc. for Boys Industrial
School, or Proposals for pipe, fittings,
etc, for Girls Industrial School, as the
case may be.
Contracts to be awarded by the Board
to the lowest responsible bidder but the
Board reserves the right to reject any and
all bids as deemed for the best interest
OF. the State.
BY order of the Board of Control of
State Charitable Institutions.
Z. B. SCHERMERHORN Chairman
+. w. KNAPP. Secretary.
April &c. 1909.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28

AN ORDINANCE Defining the fire limits
of the City of Topeka. Kansas and re-
BE IT ORDADINED BY THE MAYOR
AAN S COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF TO-
Section ]. The fire limits of the City of
Iopeka, Kansas. are hereby designated
and bounded as follows: Beginning at the
intersection OF the center line of Quincy
street with the center line of Tenth ave-
Of Tenth avenue to its intersection with
the center line of Kansas avenue; thence
southerly along the center line of Kansas
Avenue to its Intersection with the center
line of Twelfth Street, thence westerly
along the center line of Twelfth Street
thence northerly along the center line OF
Jackson Street to the center line of Eighth
Ave os thsnse westerly along the center
of Van Buren, Street; thence northerly
along the center line of Van Buren, street
easterly along the center line OF Fourth
Street to the center line of the alley be-
street proonsed acsos ana sfEast
thence southerly along the center line OF
s ssid alsg LIS feet thence sastsriy 70 the
street 10. its Intersection WITH 1.-THE the
thence eastery on s 1tahe center 'rf fine
of Crane Street to its intersection with
the center line Of the alley between Kan
northerly along the center line of said
alley extended between Kansas Avenue
and jackson Street to the center line of
said center line of Gordon Street to the
center line of the alley between Kansas
Avenue and Quincy Street: thence souther-
ly along the center line of said alley be-
tween Kansas Avenue and Quincy Street
east along the center line of Norris Street
to the center line of Quincy Street; thence
southerly along the center line of Quincy
Street; thence easterly along the center
tine # Fourth Street to the cen,
Quincy and Monroe Streets; thence
southerly along the center line of said
alley to the center line of the east and
vest alley in the block between Fifth
on the center line of said east and west
alley to the center line of Monroe Street;
thence southerly along the center line of
Monroe Street to the center line of Sixth
of Sixth Avenue. to the center line of the
Street and Monroe Street; thence south
erly along the center line of said north
and south alley to the center. line of
the center line of Eighth Avenue to the
center line OF Quincy Street; thence south
erly along the center line of Quincy Street
to the center line of Tenth Avenue, the
point of beginning.
Sec. 2. Ordinance No 2S9S entitled
AN Ordinance defining the fire limits
of the City of Topeka, and repeating Or
dinance No. 2140." approved November TO-
1903, is hereby repealed.
| Sec. g. This ordinance shall take effect
and be in force from and after its pub
LEGATION in the official city paper
Passed the Council April 26th. 1909
Approved April 9th, 1909
Attest: c. B.. BURGE, City Clerk.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28
at Miss Katherine Rosamer. Miss

EFT, Miss Katherine BOSdmer, MISS
Helen Alexander. Miss Fay Libby, Mr..
Robert Service and Mr.. Roy Castle.
A wedding which is Of much inter-
will take place this evening at $3.50
o'clock at the home of the brides par
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. A. Malstrom, of 231
Branner street, is that of Miss Swea
c. Malstrom and Mr.. o. ]. Erickson of
Sedalia, Mo. The ceremony will be
performed by the Rev. w. H Scrivner,
pastor of the Third Christian church.
The bride will be, dressed in a white
gown, princess effect, and carry a
shower bouquet of brides roses. Only
relatives will be present. Miss NAL
stron has lived all her life on the
East side and has a wide circle of
friends who extend to her their hearty
congratulations. Mr.. Erickson is a
machinist employed by the : Missouri
Pacific Railroad company at Seda1ia,
Mo, also we'll known here. Mr.. and
Mrs. Erickson will leave Sunday for
Sedalia, where they have a new home
waiting for them.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28
CITY OWNERSHIP AT Usage CITY
Bonds for an $50, 900 Waterworks Sys-
tenn Have Been Voted

Usage City, Kan, April 2s.-Osage
City starts out upon a new era after
lively contest, its citizens by vote
of 401 to 10 against, carrying every
ward in the city for the proposition,
decided to issue $4,000 of bonds for
a complete system of waterworks. The
people celebrated last night. The
band played ''Hot Time in the Old
Town Tonight" and other appropriate
music, church bells rang, whistles
were blown and large bonfire started.
Under the personal supervision Of
Mayor H. B. Miller, Usage City will
have as good a waterworks system as
any city in the state.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28
NOTICE

NOIICE.
IN THE PROBATE COURT OF SHAW
NEE COUNTY, KANSAS.
In the Matter of the Guardianship Of the
Person and Estate Of Sarah N. Corson,
Insane. No. 5,4z1.
Notice is hereby given to all persons in
terested that on the nth day of April, 1909
I filed in the Probate Court of Shawnee
County, Kansas, my petition duly veri-
fled asking for authority guardian to
sell lot number four hundred sixty-one
(461) and the south half of lot number
four hundred and fifty-nine (459) on West
ern avenue in Zenas Kings Addition to
the City of Topeka, Shawnee County,
Kansas, the property of the above named
Sarah N. Corson, an insane person; that
the nature of the order applied for is that
I be authorized and directed as the
guardian of the person and estate of said
Sarah N. Corson, insane, to sell the real
estate above described as a means of
raising money necessary for the support,
care and safe keeping of said ward and
for the preservation OF her estate.
Said petition has been set down for
hearing and will be heard at the probate
court room in the court house in the City
of Topeka in Shawnee County. Kansas.
at 10 O'Clock a. m on the 18th day of May,
1909, and all persons interested in said
matter may then and there appear and
show cause, IL any there be, why au-
thority should not be granted to me, as
guardian of the person and estate of said
Sarah n. Corson, insane, to sell the real
estate hereinbefore described.
G GORGE w. CONSTANTINE,
Guardian of the Person and Estate OF
Sarah N. COrSOn, Insane.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28
NOTICE

s-r~-~~S~~>~~-~e-~-~-~---~-
TO WHOM 1T MAY CONCERN:
You will take notice that my petition
for permit to sell Intoxicating liquors.
1123 West 9Th ave. in the Fourth ward of
the city of Topeka. Shawnee county, KAN
sas, is now on file in the office of the pro-
bate judge of said county, and that said
petition will be heard before the probate
judge of said county at hrs office In the
court house the 18th day of May. 1903. at 10
o'clock a. m.
N. ]. PETRo. Applicant.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28
First published in the Topeka State
Journal April "a. 1903.
NOTICE TO CONTRACTORS.

Sealed proposals Will be received by
Luther Written, clerk of the school
board, Auburn, Kansas. until MAY 5th
IL M. for a. two room frame school build
ing; stone foundation. according to plans
and specifications by Nelson G. Chandler.
architects of Topeka, Kansas. Separate
bids will be received for hot air heating
and ventilating system.
Plans can be seen at the office of the
architects or the clerk of the board. Bids
to be accompanied by a certified check to
the amount of per cent of cost of build
ject any or all bids
n. 2. MEL SEN
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28
WANrEp-Marr HrIp.

WANTED-Young man to post baseball
scores and answer telephone inquiries
at State Journal office, ESQ to $50 .. m.
Must write good hand and make good fig
ures. Write this evening season opens
tomorrow
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28

J. K Jones Paint made in Topeka.
Insist on the home product when it is
best.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28
First published in The Topeka State
Journal April 1s, 1901
NOTICE TO BIDDERS

Sealed proposals will be received by the
State Board of Control at their office in
the city of Topeka until 2 O'Clock p m
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28
w. T. DAWSON & co.

lots and room house near
Cages Park, full two story, ce-
mented cellar. cistern. sink, pump
in kitchen. first story newly pa
pered, second story aIbastine
finish. good barn. well, chicken
house, young fruit, lots Of shade.
property in good repair. year
old horse. milk COW, surrey, har-
ness; also buggy goes in. If sold
soon. Price s2,e0o. Owner might
trade this for inside property.
room house, 8 lots, IS IT. front
by $50 It. deep. located in Goff,
Kansas. Price $500. Will trade
for automobile or vacant lots in
Topeka
Room 2. Mulvane Bldg.
Phones. Ind. 102S. Bell 415.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28

FOR SALE-Two east front lots in West
lawn. A bargain IL taken at once. Sc.
Ward D. Speelman at Merchants Nation
al Bank.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28

WANTED-Shoe salesman. permanent
position; must be thoroughly exper-
fenced; no other need apply. Address
Cash Bargain Co., 612-e14 Kansas ave.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28
srRAYEp OR STOLEN.

STRAYED OR STOLEN-Iight bay mare,
10 hands high from 23rd and Adams ST,
small star on right hind hoch- Reward
Bel 6S-2 rinxs-
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28
LEGAL.
ORDINANCE NO. 1897.

Published in The Topeka State Journal
April g 1901
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28

k1tems for the East Topeka column may
De telephoned to Ind. phone 1751l
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28
First published in The Topeka State
Journal April 26, 1907

State of Kansas,
Executive Department.
PROCLAMATION OF REWARD.
/, w. r. Stubs, Governor of the State
of Kansas, do hereby renew the offer of
reward of TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY
DOLLARS for the arrest within ninety
days from this date and final conviction
thereafter of the unknown person or per.
sons who robbed the Tyro State Bank, of
Tyro, Montgomery County, State of Kan
sas, in the afternoon OF March 18th, 1908.
Said reward to be paid upon such final
conviction. q" ~.
IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF. have
hereunto subscribed my name
and caused to be affixed the
ISeal1 Great Seal of the State of
Kansas. Done at Topeka, this
18th day of April. 1903.
w. r STUBBS, Governor.
BY the Governor:
c. z. DENTON, Secretary of State.
By j. T. BOTKIN,
Assistant Secretary of State.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28
First published in The Topeka State
Journal April %, 1901

journal April %, I3U9.I
NOTICE OF SUPPLIES REQUIRED BY
THE KANSAS STATE CHARITABLE
INSTITUTIONS.
Sealed proposals for furnishing the sup
plies herein named will be received by
the State Board of Control until one
o'clock p. m, Saturday, May %. 1909:
Topeka State Hospital. .......-. Topeka
Osawatomie State Hospital .Osawatomie
State Home for Feeble Minded. Winfield
School for the Deal. -Olathe
School for the Blind. Kansas City
State Orphans Home. .Atchf5on
Boys Industrial School Topeka
Girls Industrial School. Beloit
AT the time above mentioned said pro-
posals will be opened, in public, at the
office of the Board of Control. in the
State capitol, Topeka, KAN. for tabula-
ton.
Commencing at a. m. on the following
days: May 18th, Dry Goods, Boots and
Shoes; May 18th, Groceries; May 9th.
Hardware, Stationery. Flour and Meats.
Contracts will be awarded on each article
separately to the lowest responsible bid
der: provided that where both price and
quality of goods offered are the same
preference will be given to resident deal
ers of this State.
ware and Stationery must be present on
said days prepared to place their samples
before the Board
Detailed statements. or supplies to be
with the secretary of said Board of Con-
troll and subject TO inspection. and dupli-
cate specifications and schedules will be
furnished upon application
BY order of the Board OF Control OF
State Charitable Institutions.
E. B. SCHERMERHORNC Chairman.
| f.. W. KNAPP. Secretary.
April &c. 1863.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28
70 WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:
You will take notice that my petition
for a permit to sell Intoxicating LIQUORS.
according. to law. at my drug store at No
433 Kansas ave-. in the Fourth ward OF
the city Of Topeka, Shawnee county, KAN
sas, is now on file in the office of the pro
bate Judge of said county. and that said
petition will be heard before the probate
judge of said county at his office in the
court house the 7th day of May. 1909. at 10
o'clock a. m.
E. B. WALKER. Applicant.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28

FOR NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS..
|>~~~0-->--~--~~--~~-~~<
FOR SALE-Prairie State incubator, Al
shape: the very best make; great bar
gain. Call quick. G. L. Travis, N. Topeka
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28

| FOR RENT acre. house. CELLAR barn. in
| Seabrook. Inquire 1872 Guthrie ave-. on
College Hill. -4a
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28
FREE DISPENSARY.

QUINCY STREET FREE DISPENSARY.
pra cticing physicians and surgeons. Med
ica1 service free. Medicine free In some
cases. Office hours to D. m. Calls
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28

LOST AND FOUND.
LOST.Ostrfch tip. fur boa, on or near
Kansas ave. Liberal reward II returned
to Mrs. G. G. Gage. 10 Van Buren, ST.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28

FOR ExCHANGE.-Good East side dwell
ing for West side house or vacant lot
Will assume or pay cash difference. E. .
Olander, $50 Kansas ave Phone 70s.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28

rooms and bath. Apply w. p. Mont
gomery. Room 30. Central National Bank
Bog. -. =
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28

FOR SALE-At bargain. new 8 room
modern house, 1886 West 18th ST., leaving
town. Call or address at house or Ind
phone 1874 ]. G. Wilson.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28

FOR SALE-Large pansy plants 4oc dog
$50 per 100 I0e3 Monroe. Ind. 23z4 Black
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28

Will sell this week for $500, Z room
modern house, furnace, bath. gas, II.
east front lots. shade, barn, near Cen
trail Park. Bargain. Let US show you
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28

FOR SALlQuarter sawed oak roll top
desk Bargain. Room IS. Central Bank
Bldg Ind phone 114s
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28
First published in The Topeka State
Journal Wednesday, April q, 1901

Attest: c. B.. BURGE, City Clerk. 0-'
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28

FOR SALElYeung mules, horses. mares
span good ponies. Wfburg, 116 E. Norris,
N. Topeka. Sow
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28

FOR RENT-Modern room house or 6
rooms in part; door bell 8 rings. zoo
Western ave.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28

FOR RENT-1 suite rooms, with bath
water, etc, light. gas, etc. COL Topeka
Water, gas, etc. Inquire of @. o. Smith
SOB Topeka ave.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28

FOR SALE BY OWNER.
Modern residence of nine rooms with all
convenfences, in excellent condition
throughout. Hard wood floors, high, CO.
mented basement under whole house, well
lighted and always dry.
Complete hot water heating plant. Hard
and soft water on three floors. Stone and
brick walks. Fine shade, large and small
fruit, grape arbor and good barn.
Best neighborhood and school in Topeka.
Ground 75x205 feet. Pavement and sewer
fully paid. Price reasonable and easy
terms.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28

NOTICE OF SUPPLIES REQUIRED BY
THE KANSAS STATE CHARITABLE
INSTITUTIONS
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28

FOR SALE-Cheap, Ind hand radiators,
little used. Midland Foundry. Ind. 1880.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-04-28

y BIG
SNAP.
Close in, West side, 10-room double
house. gas, water, barn. 2 lots, rents 81.
MUST BE SOLD THIS WEEK. 121x per
cent investment, at $3.50. HURRY.
GARLINGI1OUSE REALTY co.
sos Kansas Ave. s Phones 1905
FOR SAIsE-5-room thoroughly modern
modern house. Monthly payments. In
quire Ills Madison st.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-12-03

See ]. THOMAS LUMBER CO. for
lumber and DEWEY PORTLAND CE-
MENT. Guaranteed the best manu-.
featured.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-12-03
JIMMY BURKE A HERO.
Smallest Congressman Stops a Rum
away on Crowded Street.

Pittsburg. Dec. 3.-Congressman Jas
Francis Burke. regarded as the small
est man in congress. is the biggest hero
in Pittsburg. He stopped a runaway
pony, saving the rider. a small child,
from injury and possible death.
Mr.. Burke was walking along Oliver
avenue yesterday when the crowd was
largest. The runaway pony beyond
control Of the juvenile rider. came along
the street at a wild gallop. scattering
the pedestrians.
Without hesitation the little congress-
man ran to the middle of the street
and grabbed the bride of the pony.
The animal was stubborn and tried to
get away, but Mr.. Burke held on to
the reins and forced it back on it's
launches. The boy on its back than
slid to the ground.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-12-03
GIFT OF $4,000, 900.
For the Founding of Home for
Convalescents.

New York, Dec. 3.-A gift of s4,ooO,oOo
for the founding of home Tor con-
valescents in this city becomes avail
able with the death in New York last
night of John Masterson Burke, one CT
Americas little known nill1onaires;
The gift, one of the largest of it's KIND
ever made, first became known in l9o2'
when Mr.. Burke announced the organ
ization of a board of trustees who, he
said, were to receive upon his death
property valued at 100000, (which
they were to spend for the institution
and maintenance of a home for con-
valescents" as a memorial to his moth
er, Winifred Burke.
Mr.. Burke died of pneumonia after a
brief illness at his down town home.
He was SO years old and a bachelor.
Mr.. Burke retired from active business
nearly so years ago after amassing a
fortune in the South American trade.