The sun., 1909-06-27

and that his friend Grants rhapsodies o
Lsmarck and the latter's views on evolu
ton only gave rise TO astonishment. DI
Judd Is evidently convinced that Darwin
derived the germ OF his doctrine concern
ing the origin Of species from perusa
Of the second volume Of Lyell's 1Princi
pies Of Geology which was published II
January. 1887. In the first chapter o
that volume Lyell insists on the impor
tanoe Of the species question TO the geol
ogist. but goes on to point out the difficult,
Of accepting the only serious attempt at Z
transmutaton theory which had I'D to
that time been made-that Of Lamarck.
In subsequent chapters Lyeu discusses
the questions Of the modification and vari'
ability Of species, Of hybridity and OF the
geographical distribution Of plants and
animals. He then gives vivid pictures oi
the struggle for existence ever going or
between various species and Of the causes
which lead to their exdnotion-not by
Overwhelming oatastrophes but by the
silent and almost unobserved action Of
natural causes. DR., Judd finds it not
difficult. in reading this part Of Lyell's
work, to realize what an effect it would
have upon the mind Of Darwin as new
facts were collected and fresh observa-
! tons concerning extinct and recent forms
were made in his travels. It. is not sur
prising TO find him writing home i am
become jealous disciple Of MIR. Lyells
views. as shown in his admirable book
Geologizing In South America ! am
tempted to carry some OF his views to a
greater extent even than he does
DR.. Judd would have us recognize that
In drawing up the two mastery chapters
In THE Origin Of Species chapters
on The Imperfection Of the Geological
Record and 'The Geological Succession
Of Organic Beings'-Darwin had need Of
all the experience and knowledge which
he had been garnering in the preceding
thirty years, the first half Of which had
been almost -ho!lJ devoted TO geological
study. 'The most enlightened geolo-
gists Of the day found much that was new
and still more that was startling from the
manner Of its presentation in these won
derful essays.' OF Darwin's own sense
Of the importance Of the geological evil
dence In any exposition OF his theory a
striking proof will be found in passage
Of the touching letter 10 his wife enjoin-
ing the publication Of his sketch Of 1874.
In case Of my sudden DEATH" he wrote,
tho editor must be geologist as well as
. naturalist"
DR.. Judd adds that in spite Of the nu-
merous and valuable archaeological
discoveries made since the publication
Of 'The Origin Of Species the importance
Of the first Of the two geological chapters
h a. great as ever. It still remains true
that those who believe that the geologi-
cal record Is In any degree perfect will
at once reject the theory'-as indeed they
must reject any theory Of evolution.
.The striking passage with which Darwin
concludes this chapter. in which he COM
pares the record Of the rocks to the much
mutilated volumes Of a human history,
remains as apt an illustration asst was
when first written So, also, the second
geological chapter on The Succession
Of Organic Beings'-though it has been
siren gthened In thousand ways by the
discoveries concerning the pedigrees of
the horse, the elephant and many other
aberrant types; though new light has
been thrown even on the origin OF great
groups like the mammals and the gym
nosperms, and though not a few fresh
links have been discovered. in the chains
Of evidence concerning the order Of ap-
pearanoe Of new forms Of life-no one
would wish TO zee rewritten. sOnly the
saDe line Of argument could he adopted
though with innumerable fresh illustra-
tions. Those who reject the reasonings
Of this chapter. neither would they be
persuaded II long and complete success
sion of ancestral forms could rise from
the dead and pass in procession before
them
DR.. Judd recalls that he never heard
Darwin during the later years Of his life
allude to his lost friend the great geologist
and he alluded 10 him very often-with-
out coupling his name with some term
Of affection. For brief period, it is true,
Lyell's excessive caution when 'The
Origin was published seemed TO try even
Darwin's patience; but when the master
was at last able 10 declare himself fully
convinced he was the occasion Of more
rejoicing on the part OF Darwin than any
other convert to the latter's views. Dar-
win was never tired OF talking Of Lyell's
.magnanimity.' and asserted that -to
have maintained in the posi- iHon OF mas
ter one side Of question for thirty years.
ami then deliberately to give 1t up. is an
act to which much doubt whether the
records OF science offer parallel"
VII.
The influence OF the conception OF evo-
luton on modern philosophy is ex-
amined In an essay by DR.. H. HOLDING.
professor OF philosophy in the University
Of Copenhagen DR.. Hoffding begins
with pointing out that the aim Of philoso-
ply In the striotest sense OF the word is
to attain points OF view from which the
fundamental phenomena and the princi-
Piles OF the special sciences can be seen In
their relative Importance and true con-
nection. Philosophy. however. in this
strioter sense has always been Influenced
by philosophy in the broader sense.
Greek philosophy came under the infu-
ence OF logic and mathematics; modern
philosophy has come under the influence
Of natural science. Prof. Holding ranks
the name OF Darwin with those OF Calico
and Newton among the names which de-
note new problems and great altera tons
in our conception Of the universe. When
The Origin OF Species appeared fifty
years ago romantic speculation, Schell-
ing's and Hegers philosophy. still reigned
on the Continent. while in England