The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1909-01-13
HOW SHALL WORK
 BE FOUND FOR STARVING WORKERS
Duty of the Manufacturers Or ganizations to Solve
 Problem.
They Should Have Policy if President-elect Has Not = Bridgeport Captains of In- dustry Banquet And Listen to Interesting Talk by liar rington Emerson.

TlnSLOn E1n0TSOn.
 The monthly dinner of the Manufac-
 turers Association of the city of
 Bridgeport was held, last night. at the 1 Stratfeld, at six o'clock. The associa- 1 ton had as guests a delegation of New l Haven manufacturers who came over for the purpose of observing at first hand some of the features of what is | believed to be one of the most pro- gressive bodies of this character in the
 country. The New Haven guests were
 ern Machinery Co.,: Henry Sargent and
 Bruce Fenn. Sargent & Co.,: Winches- ter Bennett and Henry Brewer, Win
 chester Repeating Arms Co.,; Frank L.. | Bigelow and George s. Barnun. the
 Bigelow Co.,; H. Stuart Hotchkiss. Can dee Rubber Co.,; and Frank $. Corn 1 we'll. New Haven Clock Co.
 l The feature of the evening was an address by Harrington Emerson. ef1ci- l ency engineer of the American Loco- l motive Company, during which he eX- l industrial topics. He declared that the intensifed'' business. not founded on the flair deal." is a menace to the re-
 public. He said that the American government is responsible for the ex- istence of such menace" He crit1-
 cised President-elect Taft. for his lack of policy in the matter of providing work for the workers,
 At 7:30 D. m. the party adjourned to the assembly hall to listen to an ad- dress by Harrington Emerson, effici- ency engineer for the American LocO- motive Co.,. on the general subject of efficiency systems. The discussion which fo11nyvaG widely n9rfi- cipated in.
 MT. Emerson's theories and methods may be briefly outlined as being the pre-determination of costs, the deter mir ation of individual efficiency. the specific reward of individual profici- monizing the interests of workers, managers and capitalists. He said:
 "In our industrial operations as whole there is anenOrnous amount of preventable waste and loss. r. '"rhe average productive efficiency in many American industrial enterprises, especially fourdries. machine shops, mines. ship building plants and rail- road maintenance and operation. is generally lower than eighty per cent, often lower than sixty per cent.
 "The average efficiency of plant can be rapidly and accurately ascer- tained by a series of expert scientific
  and of materials.
 "On the basis of the fair deaI pro- duction of 100 per cent. can be easily attained. and assuming market, should result in an increase in net pro- fits to both producer and manager, of several hundred per cent. also greatly increasing dividends.
 ''Any permanently satisfactory solu- tion of the difficulties between capi- talists. managers. producers and users, must be based on the fair deal,
 "As managers can impose the fair deaP on capitalists and producers. and as capitalists and producers cannot inn pose the fair deaP on managers, the latter as a body and as a class. if not always as individuals. are mainly re- sponsible for existing waste and diff culties.
 "An abundance of accurate knowl- edge is the best basis for both theory and practice.
 "For the wise direction of industrial relations. basic knowledge is lacking unless both current legitimate costs and current preventable wastes can be predetermined.
 Current legitimate cost and also current percentage of waste must, be standardized before costs can be pre- determined.
 ''To make standardization effective, standard costs and current percentage of waste must be used in accounting instead of so-called actual cost.
 "The best known form of organiza- | tion to evolve and realize standard l cost, is the combination in parallel of | line organization and staff organiza- l tion.
 "A material reauisition and service | requisition card of suitable form, cov- | ering necessary facts and properly l used. furnish the necessary basis for 1 all the cost. time. waste and efficiency l records required.
 Standard costs having been nre-de- 1 termined by staff specialists. there | should be an automatic system of pen l alties and rewards which. for the same | offense or mistake. will pun l ish alike producer. manager and capi- 1 talists; and will for the exercise of the | same economic virtue. reward them all |
 Through staff standards and in- dividual rewards. based on the fair l dead.' applied alike to capitalists. man. agers and producers. we can substitute | for antagonism and strife a united and | joint pursuit of the common ideal: we | can bring about continued and auto 1 matic cooperation.
 "The method used to stimulate man. l agers and producers to reduce standard 1 cost is to make an increase of pay re- diVidual effort.
 Under the individual effort ~--stem l of reward and penalty managers and | producers are guaranteed and "~reed | upon rate of pay. whether salary or wages Costs. times and operations are standardized by staff specialists As are approached. an increas- ing bonus is paid to managers and pro- ducers. When the standards are sur passed emolument increases to the re- sponsible individuals in like proportion
 ''Ths system of reward is applicable to every emplOye from the president ! down.
 While this system is most easily ap-