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The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1909-09-28
PROFESSOR MASSEY'S
VIE WIS

/ fore they begin to fall. Every apple
should be gathered by hand II not
bruised, and hence adder are neces-
sary for all trees. When rcnar
planters learn that the only stem need
ed by a tree is a few inches above the
ground. or enough TO carry the head,
and then give attention to the shapln
Of the head, there Will be less trouble
IL spraying and gathering the crop.
A gathering basket should hold about
half Il bushel and should be padded on
the inside to prevent brulSlnS, ana
should be provided with a stout wire
hook like the letter 5 TO hang It on a
limb while gathering.
Then take them to q convenient
shed with a table for grading the ap-
pies and never mix all sorts IN the
same barrel, but let the same quality
and the same variety run through the
whole barrel. In packing a barrel,
mark the name Of the apple on the
bottom Of the barrel, which Is to be
the top when opened. Face the apples
on the bottom stem down 50 as to pre-
sent a handsome appearance Wnen
opened. but make the facing the same
as the contents all the way through,
and do not try to deceive by putting
cuttings in the middle of the barrel.
Then put the apples in gently ana give
an occasional shake to settle them,
and fiji to a slight rise above the top.
Then put on the head and force 1t into
place, drive down the hoops and nall
in q head lining.
The apples will be pressed tightly so
that they cannot move in transporting,
for loose packing is uinous. There
should be just enough rise TO make the
apples pack tight and not be bruised.
If they are carried too high Oh top 1t
Will bruise them to force the head
down. but it must be forced some to
prevent their being loose in the barrel.
Pack the barrels IS soon as gather
ed. even if not to be shipped at once.
They viii keep best in the barrels.
Then if you nave no proper cold Stor-
age at hand, you can nave a building
with deadened walls partly under
ground, and with ventilators at the
bottom of the sides and one in the top.
Keep these all open at night and close
UP in the early morning to keep III the
cool night air. No matter II 1T IS fTeez-
ing outside. let in the night air and
exclude the day air. In this Way Mr..
W. z. Grabs, Of Stokes county, n. c.,
keeps fall apples till May and winter
apples all summer. Mr.. Grabs mas
printed q little pamphlet on his meth
Cd which can he had for rs cents. HIS
office is T0baccoville, n. G.
Now, as to selling apples, simply let
it be known that you have them, what
sort and for what per barrel, and a lit
tie ad. i'll the Progressive Farmer VIII
sell them easily.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1909-09-28
My Idea On Saving Corn Forage.

While 7 am thoroughly convinced
! that the best way in most sections to
save and cover slower is to cut 1t OIL at
the ground and cure it in hooks, | am
also certain that in some climates 1t is
| very uncertain many seasons l nave
! known cut down slower and corn Sc
riously damaged on the College farm
at Raleigh in a bad season, and a
farmer in Beaufort county, N. c., who
| wrote that he had had his crop dam
! aged three years out of five is not a
native Tar Heel, but the intelligent
S~cotchInan, who is perfectly used to
the most advanced methods Of farm
ing. Hence it will not do to say that
it is folly to say that corn cannot al
ways be safely cured in this way in the
South. Doubtless there is less loss OF
corn in cutting the crop at the ground,
but so far as the quality OF the feed
saved is concerned, it is far better
stripped and topped and cured as
thousands cure it in the South. There
is not the slightest doubt Of the supc-
rior quality Of the blade and tops
saved in this way, While there is GER
tainly a loss in the corn. But in sec
tons where in three years out OF five,
the cut down corn Will be seriously
damaged, the question may be. Is 1T
not better to stand the loss or grain
and get better forage?
Now. { am not arguing against the
value of the cutting down as a general
practice, for I believe In it. But intel
ligent men in these humid coast re-
gions find that the practice there is
uncertain, and | am not going to tell
them that they do 40, know What is
good for them. / believe that Well
cured slower, shredded, is excellent
feed and pays for all the labor in get
ting it. But l cannot say that these
men are entirely wrong, and l do not
believe they are.
There is no sort Of comparison be-
tween this curing of fO0der and the
curing of legune hay. for this is. or
should be, done largely after it has
been removed from the field to the
barn under cover. Then, as III he
Isle of Wight county,, in Virginia.,
where the hog is a leading industry,
and high-priced bacon and hams are
produced CT all the farms. they have
peas among the cora, and they want
them eaten by the hcge and hence
cannot leave the co7n ii shocks to
cure in the field, hat et:ls the stalks
and gather the cora ;eIorG turning
the hogs in 10 clean Cp tie peas and
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1909-09-28
A Complete FertiIizer

Every experimental station :,
United States which has made Nis
on fertilizers will ecomme teSt
riably a complete fertilizer in "
of one containing only one elenoom
such as nitrogen, phosphorus or nnt
ash, experience having proven tbat
It is not only Improbable but vase
u 10 the farmer to fertilize his lana
with anything but a complete for1I
iZer.
1t should be remembered as .
for guidance that the maximum yiaIa
OF any crop is determined and eanoo3
by the fertilizer clement which -
soil contains in the least quantity In
other words, soil may be rich in ni+ra
gen and phosphorus, but very moon
in potash. The yield of grain or b9v
on that farm viii be determined h,
the o of potash which the cai,
contains. In other words, the excess
amount Of nitrogen n phosphorus
will not make up for the defciancv
III potash.
1t is for this reason that We recon-
mend a complete fertilizer on all
average soils in preference to 3 fer
tilizer containing II or two OF the
principal elements.
We lay great stress on humus a.
the United States Department Of Az
Tlcultufe mas stated repeatedly that
without hunus in the soil the same
would not respond to the use Of for
t%ilizers, 10 difference in what guam
t1ty they were applied, humus being
the life Of tie soil n bearing pare
tically the same relation to it that
yeast SuStainS to the bread. John n.
Huff, Of New York, says:
"Without hu1nus there is no fer
tility in the soil. and because of its
character and action it is. with Line.
the first portion of the essential soil
constituents to be lost in cultira-
tiOn.'"C. 7. 3.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1909-09-28
n Woman in The Chicken Yard.

September is a good month to look
about for stock, and if one has not
already settled upon a particular va
rlety. a hint in that direction may
be OF some use. Unless q woman
a afford to keep plenty CT help she
should not keep over fifty fowls. /
feel that / am writing for the woman
who takes care Of her chickens her
ELI, and to her would say tina if she
has the room it is a good plan to
keep g small flock Of two varieties
one for broilels or fricassees and one
for laying eggs. and when it comes
to the genuine business then give me
the Black Minorca. The eggs are
large and pure white. The hens are
almost perpetual layers and DO not
make good mothers. The eggs will
command the highest fancy prices.
and if your stock is pure you can sell
the eggs for sittings at prices ac-
cOrding to the stock you keep.
The Plymouth Rocks or the Wyan-
dottes are suitable breeds for broil-
ers or for home use. I think there is
more money in the selling of eggs to
private customers, or even in the
markets, than in broilers. There -
less work and less worry. The lat
ter fowl is a good layer If she does
not get too fat, but when this oc-
ours make a potpie Of her.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1909-09-28
Right Care of the Sheep.

A sheep with it's wool soaked with
water will suffer as much on a chilly
day as a man with a rain-soaked
oVercoat.
A small flock of sheep on a we'll
conducted farm cannot lose none for
their owner.
BuckWheat fdd with corn, about
one-third Of the former to two-thirds
Of the latter, makes a good ration for
a year1ing lamb.
Oats make o good ration for sheep
in connection with corn or other
grains, and are always eaten with
keen relish.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1909-09-28

We'll up. Always avoid one that has
g 'sheepy' appearance.
The original Shetland ponies come
from n Shetland isles, off the ex-
treme north coast of Scotland. It is
known hat ponies have inhabited
these islands for nearly 200 years, but
the first ponies imported to this coun-
try were brought over about the mid
die Of the last century.
Shetlands are Of all colors. and
color cuts no figure in judging their
points. They are easy to raise and
are always in good demand.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1909-09-28
Good Points of a Shetland Pony.

This is q good picture of Crown
Prince, g champion Shetland pony
and a fine specimen of the type. He
is only Al inches high and is We'll set
up. Note his clean hea perfectly
rounded body, sturdy legs and heavy
name and tail.
The ideal Shetland should have ro-
tuna body and its legs be short and
not buckled at the knees.
IN buying a pony select one that has
good knee action and holds his head
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1909-09-28
Large Yield Of Cotton Reported to
Judge Bennett by the Late James
a Leak.

tWadesboro Observation-Disclosures
Ny Venerated friend, Hon. James
A. Leak, who entered eternal rest
March 26th, 1892, related to me par
tlcu1ars Of a test of the cotton poten-
tiailties OF II acre Of land under
exceptional conditions. Ten good
four-horse loads Of stable manure, SO
bushels Of cotton seed and 200 pounds
OF PERUVIAN guano were applied.
lante this about April 25th and
gathered 1000 pounds plus of seed
cotton. The yields Of these years are
not to be disputed, but the capacities
of our best lands with exceptional
treatment were then and now quite
the same. The following year with
out special treatment the yield was
1000 pounds.
The dear man had more patience
with fools than any man of my know
ing.
r. II REM
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1909-09-28

| then to CLEAN the peanut fields. Hence
the longer ] live the more ienlent L
am with practices that have arisen out
of LEGAL conditions. The Isle Of wight
farmers make big crops OF corn ana
big crops of peanuts and are pros
nero,,s. making money on land worth
500 an acre Notwithstanding they do
not cut and shock their corn. AND l
am not going to tell them that 1t Is all
nonsense. and that they should cut
their corn off at the grOund
The practice of stripping blades
grew out Of the lack of other forage,
and where one grows an OF
hay it does not matter so much that
the corn slower is not OF such good
quality as the slipped blades, and l
would like to see every farmer where
the conditions favor the practice, cut
his corn off at the ground, ana get
the and into small grain as speedily
as practicable. But we cannot make
hard and fast rules that Will tit every
mans conditions, and We cannot say
that our way is in all cases the pest
and only way of doing anything on the
acknowledgements Farmer.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1909-09-28

A poor fireman will waste tons Of
coal in his engine withou raising
steam and a poor feeder will waste
his crops by running them trough
his animals in an unscientific man
neH.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1909-09-28
Tie seed-RcG for Wheat ard Oats.

lie Se%U-SGG }Of wheat dIu Od'S.
Read carefully what DIR. Butler
says in regard to this. The important
point is the preparation of the seed
bed, the place where the seed will
start. Early blowing is important, 50
that the soil can be Well settled in the
fall, for a loose soil Will heave n
Winter-kill the crop worse than a soil
that has had time to settle after the
blowing.
But make the seed-bed fine. Go
over and over with the disk and the
drag harrow till the soil is as fine as
q garden bed. The blowing that was
done in early summer for sowing peas
or planting corn or tobacco Is all the
deep blowing needed, but the timing or
the surface, where the seed are TO
start. is Very important, and not only
serves to prepare for the crop, but the
weeks spent in the narrowing of the
soil Will be killing the weeds that VIII
start and Will insure a cleaner crop.
If YOU do not think this minute finina
of the surface important, try q small
part OF the field less we'll prepared
and note how it has dried out and how
long the plants will be in starting as
compared with the part that has been
kent in the dust blanket shape. and
note, too, the o of winter killing
that Will take place in the loose soil
eve the we'll prepared.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1909-09-28
Gathering, Packing and S.,ippin
Apples.

Apples for winter keeping should be
gathered as soon as fully matured. II
left to begin the ripening or ~mellowing
process on the trees they canno be
expected to keep we'll. Apples should
be gathered by hand. and never shak-
en- from the trees. The mountain ap-
pies OF the South, so far as I have OBJ
served, hav been ruined by careless
gathering and transportation, as we'll
as by an utter Indifference to sorting
OF qualities. Shaken off the trees and
gathered up and piled into a wagon
body, they are hauled over the noun
tain roads to a shipping point, where I
have seen them packed into a sort of
barrel-shaped crate mad of laths,
which cannot be tightly packed, and
thus when the reach the towns in the
central and eastern part Of the State
they are bruised and leaking their
juice, and Of course sell poorly.
Then little and big, smooth and
hnotty. red and yellow apples are
Jumped into the same receptacle. and
the shippers wonde why the noun
tain apples sell for so little
the we'll packed barrels from the
North. They would not wonder if
they saw the apples side by side.
When apples will part easily from
the limb is the time to gather them be-
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1909-09-28

r. T. BENNETT.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1909-03-26
The Faeetious subursa,,.,

The second story man had climbed
Into the front window OF the facetious
suburbanite's villa and was engaged
In rifiing the latter's pockets OF such
random Possessions as were TO bc
found therein.
All. good evening. my friend" said
the facetious suburbanite from the
depths Of his bedclothes. AREN'T you
working overtimeY'
I'VE can't help II In our business
governor" replied the burglar. 1--WE
aint got no reg'iarly organized hours
or work. It's to do while you can
with as. day and night"
That's shame: said the facetious
suburbanite. "You ought to get To-
gether and form a burglars union for
your own protection"
I'VE amt trade" retorted the bur.
giar scornfuiiy. We're m industry"
Then you should be Incorporated
lato the steal trust" said the facetious
suburbanite.
Whereapon the midnight marauder
laughed so long and loud that he was
overheard By the policeman on the
corner. who. recognizing the laugh. I'm.
mediateiy fed to place Of safety
Judge.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1909-03-26
Heart toHeart
Talks.
By EDWIN A. NYE.
READ THIS To YOUR BOY.
By EDWIN A. NYE,
Copyright 1909 by American Press
Association.

Doubtless you have heard of Farm
err Burns. the famous wrestler
Well
Did you know that Burns does not
smoke. chew, drink, swear or use tea
or coffee?
And do you understand why Burns
cuts out all these thingsf
Simply because they stand In the
way OF his being strong man. He
must have muscles as strong and sup
pie as a tigers, lungs like a black
smiths bellows. brain as quick and
clear as lawyers.
Artificial stimulus, whether it Is
weak or strong, interferes with right
breathing, muscle expansion, pure
blood.
And swearingi Let Burns explain.
Lots Of people," he says, cant see
what swearing has to do with II. Let
me tell you that swearing Is the BE-
GINNING Of TOUGHNESS, and
tOughness is the BEGINNING of
WEAKNESS"
1t Is this wR:
Wrestlers, athletes, champions of the
diamond and sawdust ring on the av-
erage do not last long. because they
get tough" They forget to be gentle.
men. They weaken themselves by
toughness, and by and by they are
Knocked out.
The man or boy who swears at every
jump OF his pulse can't be clean inside
He swears because he gets tough, and
he gets tough because he swears. The
two go together
In the sporting world II requires n
strong character to keep from swear,
ing and drinking. He who Is too weak
In character to overcome these habits
is too weak to last
TOUGHNESS is WEAKNESS.
To be strong a man must be clean
inside and out. To be clean he must
be strong. Do you sect
Now, every fellow who has red
blood In his veins wants to be strong
Is II not so2
The trouble is that many young men
get the idea that blowing cigarette
smoke through the nose or swearing
big oaths helps to mako them men.
Mistake! ManlineSs is not toughness
Toughness Is weakness.
This Is no Sunday school lesson. this
lesson from Farmer" Burns, the long
est lived athlete who ever came down
the pike. 1t il simply telling some facts
every decent fellow ought to know.
IL you want to be manly and sue
cessful be clean. be a gentleman.
The tough boy il sure TO grow ND TO
be weak man. The weakness will
show sooner or later
The clean boy has every chance TO
be strong man.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1909-03-26
Queer Fish.


Which fsh have the power OF hoat.
ing and swimming back downward?
This peculiar property Is possessed
only by the diodon and the tetrodon.
two allied families OF tropical fishes
which are popularity known as globe
fish The tetrodon is also found OF tho
coasts Of Cornwall and Ireland. The
faculty Is due TO the fact that the skin
on the abdomen OF these fishes Is much
iooser than 1t is on the back. and they
have the power to initiate this loose
skin by swallowing air through the
quiet This OF course enables them to
turn over at Will, and. although the
great French naturalist Cuvier did not
believe that when In this position they
could swim as they pleased. Darwin
corrected him and proved that they
could swim both forward and back
ward in this position.
1t Is of course well known that the
shark and the dogfsh. owing to tho
peculiar position of the underjaw. are
obliged to turn on their backs before
they can seize their prey, and while IN
this position they are able to swim for
a very considerable distance. This.
however. is done by the muscular force
of the fms and tail and not through
any special apparatus. such as tie
globefsh possesses. = st. James Ca.
zette
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1909-03-26
A GREED FOR TIE DIsMAYEs
I believe, therefoce / affirm

DeiieVes LueEe1ocS dLurfA-
When God made me he made me to
De TRUE and USEFUL and HAPPY.
If / am to be TRUE I must regard
the Ills that befall me as so much d,sci
piine OF my spiritual self; / must be.
heve that the perils through which ]
pass must work out a far more or.
ceeding and external weight of glory. -
If l am TO be USEFUL each fiery
test must strengthen my characfes
ana ennoble my life, saffering must
make me worthy. and experience must
make me wise and able TO help my Eel.
lows.
II l am to be HAPPY I must not
waste my days with repinings or my
strength with useless regrets. I must
face the future bravely. must have a
calm intellect and a spirit of optimism.
L believe, therefore I affirm
If God made me a quickening spirit
ne made that spirit to be the MASTER
OF MY FATE.
Therefore my soul shall not be
crushed by failure nor ruined by dis.
aSter, for circumstances shall be my
slave and not my lord.
When disappointments come I will
rise above them. They shall be as cob.
blestones beneath my feet.
And my failures shall give me wis
dom, so that out of sore defects shall
wiring victory, rising on the stepping
stones OF my dead self to higher
things.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1909-03-26

must have az escape valve. Ec is In
the process OF making himself 6t to
so up against big obstacles. Out in
the world he viii need every pound
Of that surplus vitality.
Don't Sccld him for what, he can't
help.
is not necessarily bad boy. IndeeS
he is likely TO be a better boy,at bef r,
than your quiet, self conferred boy,
But if you scoid the noisy yontS. you
stir up the ba1 shat is in him, 1t Is
easy 10 nag good natured,. hearty
boy into sharp retort and rebgllion.
There's an easier, betterfway.
The boys heart Is as tender, inside
as his manner is rough on the out
side. He does not wear his heart on
his sleeve-this kind of boy. But ne
is not callous. His father, maybe, can
not get into touch with him because
his way is the boys ways-rough ON
the outside.
boys vest Is a big love for his mother.
The mother has a great advantage.
And she should be as careful In han
ding her boy as she was careful In
handling his father In the old court
ing days. The boys mother should be
his sweetheart. She should treat him
as she treats her lover.
The mother fofgets.
She Is tired or has 4 headache. The
boy jangles her nerves. She flares I'D
at him. She rumples him. His Quick
temper flies up In self defense. It Is
socn over. The boy loves his mother
just the same. But the whole episode
is a miserable failure.
The boys natural disposition to lose
his temper has had another push.
Punish the boy. OF course, when nee
essary, but do not make yourself and
him miserable by nagging him and
scolding him.
Remember, he viii not be your boy
very long He Will soon. be a beard
ed man. And you will hoIA out your
arms in vain.