The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-03-14

lot of Italians to work under a danger ous overhanging bank while he stood clear of the hazard. The bank fell and one of them was killed. And then we have story of an Italian subforeman, in charge of 16 men, who, when he had waited five or ten minutes for charge of dynamite to go off, warned the men to keep out of the way and got down into the ditch to see what was the mat ter Just as he got there the charge ex- ploded and he was killed.
 More common. however, is the fore man who, through hurry, indifference or forgetfuness, sends green men into positions which mean danger to them or who stands by and allows incompetent people to try difficult and risky opera tions.
 Thirty-five per cent of the accidents are attributed to the employer. This does not mean, Miss Eastman writes, that each of these accidents was caused by some personal conscious failure on the part of the employer It means, rather, that the accident can be traced, either wholly or in part, to an inadequacy in that part of productive machinery which the employer furnishes, and for which he if anyone, is responsible. | our other men were killed because some platform, ladder or plank gave way under them. Twentytwo men were killed because something over their heads gave way and a heavy object fell upon them. The commonest instance of this is the break ing of the crane chains One man was killed by the falling of a coal trestle; another crushed by the collapse of the floor above him. S.A cracked grindstone, steam pipe valve which would not work an electric wire with the insula- tion worn off-these are some of the other defects from which death resulted. 
 In addition to defects, the employer is more clearly responsible where there IS lack of provision for safety in the scheme of construction of plant or machinery. The report says:
 Andrew Jubreed, on April 19, 1907, was caught in shaft around which there was no railing and killed. This was in the Twenty ninth street works of the Carnegie Steel company. On October 19, 1906 Gujatija Kosanovich was lifting something under the direction of fore man when his foot slipped and caught in the uncovered cogwheels of roll table. He died in 20 minutes. This was at the Southside plant of the Jones & Laughlin Go. On August 21, 1906. Walter V. B. Calhoun was painting the ironworlk above some shafting at the John Eichly, Jr' Co.'S works at Twentieth street. His coat caught in an uncovered set screw; he was carried afound the shaft and killed.
 Each of these three fatalities, among others, resulted from violation of the Pennsylvania law
 George Romonofsky was crushed while making a chain coupling on the Union railroad August 5. 1906. Anthony Gallagher fell from a five-foot platform around the top of a furnace at Jones & Laughlins, where there was no railing. Frank Shellaby fell against an uncov- cred switch board at the Westinghouse Air Brake company, and was killed, on March A. 1907. In each of these latter cases and many others like them, req sonable provisions for safety had not been made. although no requirements of the Pennsylvania law had been vio- lated"
 In conclusion, this section of the re- port looks for prevention through better state inspections, greater safety require ments in the law, publicity as to acci- dents, and the study of every fatality by technical men. But it does not look for any large decrease in accidents until they are made a reckonable money loss to the employer. through some form of