davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-06-20
Darwin And The Theory of Evolution HyLonn n,ph.D,Pr Praeso Bgi u

as to the government of the world, Hunger and Love are performing the task. Life, let us remember, ia re- sponse to the order of nature. tho8a that respond aptly are the 1t. they sur- vtve and through their offspring hava a part in the future.
 As to whether the theory of natural selection is . permanent part Of the building upon which we are all work ing or bit Of seaffolding to be re- moved after it has served It's day, le would be pyesumpdous for me to speak. Becoming. not stattc being. ia the primal conception of evolution. and so 1t may come about that when mon have learned more of the fantora of the process. the theory of natural so- lection will be seen to have heen stepping stone. but a stepping aton@ without which no progress could hava been made.
 It has been said of the doctrine of evolution that 1t drives God out of the universe. The same was said of the heliocentric theory of Copernicus and of almost every other decided advance in science. But 1t has not driven God out of the universe. On the contrary. like every other scientific discovery it brings God more into the hearts and lives of men. Once more Is the coun- sel of Diderot timely: Enlargissez Dieu.
 Once more we VIII let Darwin speak for himself: 'Sro my mind 1t accorsia better with what we know of the iawa impressed on matter by the Creator. that the production and extinction of the past and present inhabitants of tha world, should have been due to sec. ondary causes. like those determining the birth and death of an individual. When I view all things. not as special creations, but as lineal descendants of some few beings who lived before the first bed of the 8ilurian was deposited. they seem to me to become ennobled. There is grandure In this view of life. with its several powers having been originally breathed by the Creator, ina to a few forms or Into one. and that while this planet has gone cysHng on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple e beginning, endless forms, most beautiful and most won- derful, have been and are beina evolved"
 There may be some of us who would be willing to contend that even thia conception of Darwin's might gain by enlargement, for to him who eontem- plates nature with an open mind, every waysIde shrub is a Burning Bush.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-06-20
ogy In The University of Alabarr1a

not only to the nestiings but also to the mother birds. What presonal ad- vantage is 1t to her to deprive har- self of freedom and the joy of flight and song during those long weeks when she Is incubating the eggsf How ls she personally benefited by the hard labor of gathering food for these nun gry mouthsR. That Is natures way too. And in which animals are the altruts- tic instincts most highly developed. They are the ones highest in the scale Apparently therefore species regard ing makes for success in the course of evolution. Geddes and Thymson have So well said:
 Organic progress depends on much more than squabble round the plat ter the struggle for existence Is far more than an internecine struggle at the margin of subsistence. It includes all the multitudinous efforts of self and for others between the poles of hunger and love, all the endeavors of mate for mate, of parent for offspring. of kin for kin. Love and life are fac- tors in progress as well as pain and death; the struggle for existence Is of- ten in part an endeavor after we'll be- ing made by socially bound or kin-to bound organisms in a social environ ment; the premium on teeth and claws or peaks and talons, Is not greater than that on the warm solicitude of the maternal heart or the patience of the breeding bird. Thus our ethical dificulty at length disappears, since the greater steps of advance in the organic world compel us to inter pret the general scheme of evolution as primarily a materialized ethical pro- cess, underlying all appearance of q gladitorial show. We have not to pit our little selves against the cosmic process but to follow along those lines of the cosmic process which have made for the highest evolution. We see that 1t is possible to interpret tho ideals of ethical prosress-through love and sociality, cooperation and sacri- fice. not as mere utopias contradicted by experience. but as the highest ex- precision of the central evolutionary process of the naturaI world. As evo- lutionary biologists we are thus prac- tically with moralist and theologian. even with poet and sentimentalist if you will. against the vulgar economist of RuslSin, or the self-styled practical politician of today"
 Schiller's aphorism as to human life may be applied to life in general: While the philosophers are disputinH
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-06-20

This note from recent issue of The Mobile Item recalls more "reminiscences of it's subject and of others:
 'Tn the current number of his New York society journal, Colonel William D. Mann (who owned and ran The Mo- bile Register through the trying days of reconstruction writes thus:
 'The Southern press has been noting that Mobiles blind author. T. c. De Leon, has completed the Biblical limit of 70 years of age. and MT. De Leon made the occasion memorable by launching an important new book upon the society of Civil War times. first mot Mir. De Leon more than four dee- adeeSaRo at a National Democratic Con- vention in New York. With many other C,onfederates he was Bohemianizing here, writing feuilIetons, stories for the magazines and criticisms for va rious periodicals. He had already ts- aued the pioneer volume of war roatrv and written the first post-bel- Svun novelette,. Cross Purposes and burlesaue expose of the Ku Kiux Kian, His political views in the Southern pa- pers caught my notice, and offered
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-06-20

Ports" which the whole press of the North copied, combatted and argued about as unconstitutional and impossi- ble in business. De Leon never an- swered until they were breathless. Then he wrote a two-line paragraph to say that he had bet Colonel Mann a small bottle that the metropolitanS would take the joke seriously.
 One night. Dan Brent. then his city editor, complained of slack news col- umn. The managing editor said all right: "when we haven't any news, make fish storiesw Next morning The Register had circumstantial alluston to the reported chase and capture of an African shaver by revenue cutter. of some unheard of place on the Gulf Coast There was no statement of facts in 1t, but the story read as though 1t was old news. that the slaver had been abandoned. after liberating the unclaimed Africans op the mainland to roam at large, and defy the Freed- mans Bureau.
 Not a Southern paper even denied the story, or noticed it in any way; but several of "the brother"S sentiment fin the North and East cried Shameful I,awiessness of the RebelsF and one very progressive New York weekly printed immediately. a really fine picture of the supposititious shaver and
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-06-20
Old Editorial Days

DeLeon also wrote what was called the "pipe-dream' editorials. 'How to Give Mobile 100000 Inhabitants" There is very little dream-however much ''pipe' there may be about that effort today. It was he, too. who penned the first lines ever printed on the value and feasibility of the ''Northwestern" railroad, now the M. J. and K. c. As all remember. that road was devised and started by Col. W D. Mann while owner of The Register In the earliest 70's.
 The writer of this recalls the first meeting of the old Southern Press As- sociation at Mobile after the war. The Register made the convention its es- pscial guests. although there were two other papers. A truly wonderful week of much work and much more fun, wound up at @ banquet at the old Bat tie House. It was a notable dinner. Colonel Mann took the foot and put De Leon as toastmaster, at the head of the table. The writer was at his left. with the right chair vacant. for Henry Watterson expected on a late train, but not trsceabIe by endless teiegrams. He had potitfvely pledged his old school desk-chum to be on hand as orator in chief. It is not recorded that his absence was greatly felt. There
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-06-20

the short time that remains is to set forth the theory of natural selection. which embodies Darmin'S conception of the how .oe evolution.
 An examination of the conditions un- der which animals and plants are liv- ie furnishes c clew. More young are born than can possibly find room to exist. More seeds are produced than can possibly find room to Sprout or place to grow after sprouting. A sim gle pair of animals of any species whatever if unchecked would soon Ill the whole earth with its progeny. Even the smallest animals the protozo@s es their normal rate would soon nll al
 the waters of the globe. The congeP ell lays each year ,1S.0o0,0 ,0oo eggs each. If eAchb of these were matched. grow into maturity. reproduce at the same rate. and if this were to continue foF several years the entire ocean would be filled with cells. So 1t is with any species whatsoever. If there were no checks to its increase. the numbers of any species would be so great thai there would not be standing room for them on the earth nor swimming room for them in the sea. But as a matter of facts numbers of most species is nearly stationary. Why Is 1t that the vast9 increase that might occur. does not take place? Because this ten- dency to increase in a geomtric ratio is held in check. This check Is the struggle for existence. There ts an intense not always conscious) compe- tttion between individuals of the same species, between individuals of different species, between the individual and the inorganic environment This re- suits in the elimination of vast num- hers-the elimination of the unfit The most conspicuously colored insects will be the first to be devoured-other things being equal by the inRpct eat ing birds Therefore those colored like their environment will survive and by heredity their of spring win tend to be similarly colored. Can 1t" asks Darwin. "be thought improbable that variations useful in some way to each being In the great and complex bat tie of life, should occur in the course of many successive generations? If such do occur, can we doubt (remem- bering that many more individuals are born than can possibly survive) that individuals having any advantage how ever slight, over others. would have the best chance of surviving and of procreatins their kinds On the other
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-06-20
A &

was plenty of talk and wit and wine Tn that notable gathering. From mem- ory, after forty years, roster is not perfect Estill and his editor, W. T. Thompson of The Savannah News, were there also. Major .Thompson was fa- nous as author of Major JoneB's Courtship." Rare "Chariie" Cowardin of The. Richmond Dispatch. Riordan of The Charleston Courier. Henry Heiss. managing editor of The Nashville American; Ed c. Dill of The Picayune, Charles. (and probably John) Dimity of The New Orleans Times. dreamy able James R. Randall. then editing Col. James Gardner's Augusta Constitution alist," and Colonel Gardner himself were there. The Chevalier F. W. Daw- son of The Charleston News, was a striking figure.
 It is too curious a fact not to note here how many of the boys of that close antebellum coterie in Washington had risen to management of Southern journals that moulded opinion, at that time. Randall WatersOn. the two Dlmitrys. Dill. Riordan and Hsiss were all De LeLon's school or college ohums. Within three years of Appomattox. they were controlling the leading pa- pers of Augusta, Louisville, New Or leans, Charleston. Nashville and Mobile. Kad they held together-had no cratic
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-06-20

facts have no terrors The wonderful results of De Vries.
 Bateson, Davenport. Castle. Tower. Mac Dougal and many ohtrs, can hard ly be disposed of within the limits of a single lecture. Moreover 1t is our purpose to speak of Darwin's part in this great movement.
 But before taking up the question of natural selection, wish to bring forward on proof of the blood relation ship of animals. And this time we draw from the aeid of Bio-Chenistry.
 To make this clear I must remind you of somo of the facts of serum thereby. If the blood serum of man be injectd into the blood of rabbit. the rabb5t's blood when examined af- ter suitable interval win De found to. contain 2 preciptttne specific Tor human serum, that Is when added to the serum of man q precipitate is form cd. When added to the sermon of an orang-outang, c sprecipitate Is formed almost as intense aB in the case of man, Chimpanzee, same reaction and of equal intensity; old world apes. q reaction but some what less intense: new world apes. a reaction still less in- tense; serum of any animal not of the order of the primates. no reaction Please remember, these are facts. not theory and they are just the facts that the evolution theory would lead us to expect
 The facts of embryoiogy. compara- tive anatomy. geographic distribution. palaeontology. experimental breeding. and bio-chemistry all support the evo- luton idea. Among scientists indeed there is no debate on the subject. there Is no negative side to the case. The general proof of organic evolution is abundantly self evident But how does the modification of spaeies take place? What of the mechanism by which tt ia affected? These questions are being most diligently investigatd and results are being reached that promise much for the future. I am sure you find 1t of great interest to read of the rec markab1e discoveries of Wilson on the determination fo sex. of Tower and Macdougal on the direct modth- cation of species by the application of chemical stimuli Not less important is the work of Davenport and Castle in experimental breeding of Jennings on the behavior of animals. The names of many others should be mentioned in this same connection
 All that shall undertake to do iu
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-06-20

one "fiewed dc coop"-what A phalanx they might have madeI
 How many have gone ahead of sha still working diners that night at tha Battle House. Estill. Thompson, John Dimitry Dill, Henry Heiss, Riordan. Dawson, Randall, Charles L. Scott. John B. Hatcher. Evan Howell. CLariee l.. Lsangdon, rare old Reuben Mason Charles Forsyth. Albert Lamar. and many another worthy of note, but eiud- ing memory's sudden call. have crossed the river. May they rest in the shade of the trees!
 The only living ones recallable at this moment are: Watterson, Charles P. Dimttry (blind in New OrIeanaJ. Dan c. Brent, in Pensacola; Col. W. ID Mann fin New York, the writer, and DeLeon. blind. in Mobile.
 Watterson, that night, was as unre- liable. but as brilliant as his wont. At. ter the solids. Randall took his seat. Near midnight. in rushed a messenger with a telegram from the chaotic Ken tuckian. Ii was almost letter, My Dear Cooper: Missed the proper train and can't get another in time to join you in the flesh. But I am there in the spirit--and plenty of itl If unable to make the promised speech. let ms of- fer this eongenial sentiment: Alabama under the table! Fl. w"
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-06-20

of living things were extremely sim- pie in structure, that they were min ute masses of updifferentiated proto- plasm, but of course with the power Of building up new living substance out of the lifeless matter surrounding them As time went on slightly more com- plex organisms were derived by ordi- nary descent from these simplest an- cestral beings, and from these in turn arose more bigly developed descend- ants This process has produced in the course of vast periods of time the ex- isting animal and plant world. It fois lows from this conception that all hy- tng things are interretated. The world of organisms past and present might tely buried In, the earth 1aaye the ytipP of tts highest branch These rernergtne above the surface -represant the exia. ting species. as ses 4 .sss
 The study of the development of anil mals and plants has brought to light a large number of facts that are stmp- ly tnexpiIcable under the old idea of the special creation of zach individual species, but which coincide in .won- derful manner with what might be ex- pected under the hypothesis of de- scent.
 All animals and all plants exist at one LIIle aS SiuBlo C6lAss OOAAo heNos get beyond this stage. These are the simplest organisms. Others undergo a series of changes. That is. the single cell--the egg-divides into two cells, each of these again into two. making four, the eight sixteen. and so on, growth takes place. structures not pre- sent at first are formed and finally the adult condition is attained.
 A comparative study of the develop ment of the different animals brings out this fact that whereas they are all struetually alike at the start they diverge from one another to develop ment proeesds--ths more dissimiiar the adults, the sooner the divergence. the more similar the adults the longer they run. parallel with one another in development
 The results of animal and plant breeding remove the question as to whether species are fixed and change less or capable of evolving new Spe- cies from the category of theory to that of proven fact. The origin of species has been and may be observed. If there are any who are still uncon- vinced as to the fundamental truth of evolution. they are those for whom
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-06-20

But wan day, 'tis said, tn withrin hand iv despotism was laid on him an 1t kindIsd tn fires iv pathritism In his bosom It was . little thing. Wan iv tn minfons iv tyranny come along an discovered in our hero's barn cat a. R. an other initials that were meant rr e. C. but tn man that branded tn cows cudden't spell. In vain Ciprianio pleaded thkt tn poui- thry was his, that he'd paid fr 1t. that 1t had sthrayed into his Darn. that he was takin' care iv 1t fr e frind who'd give up -keepin' an gone to live in ., hotel, that 1t had been sent back firm tn laundhry be mistake. vTh' sathrap iv despotism dhrove off tn, cows an as they disappeared over tn hills an. Ciprianio Casthro looked into his empty barn he become rivolu- tionist. Nanny . rivolutionfst has been made tn same way. Tn reason we don't have thim in our favored coun- thry Is because tn goyermint nfver talked annything away firm us. It gives us things. It gives tn sugar thrust a tariff an 1t gives us other smuggisrs five years.
 Well, annyhow. whether 1t was fr this raison or some other like 1t tn historyan says Ciprianio Casthro shud- dered at tn wrongs iv his counthry an started a rivolution. There had been other rivolutiops in Vinzwala or as they ar-re called in that quaint language, siestas. But they amounted to nawthin' beyond makin' 1t hard f'r tn little Vinxwalans to remimber who was tn father iv their counthry that afthernoon. Tn raison they had failed was because tn Evolutionary army was niyer large enough. Ciprianio bein' bor-rn warryor med up his mind not to give amy such ad- vantage to tn fnimy. So he invited his brother-in law an his uncle to rally to his standard an they rallied. With this magnificent array he marched on tn capitol afther carefully lookin up tn name iv it in jography. Tn smouldhrin' hathred rr tn opprissors an tn enthusyasm fir tn army iv rivo- lution burst out as he proceeded an all along tn line iv march tn p6pylace rose on wan elbow an greeted their emancipator with frantic yawns.
 "At tn Capitol he met a desp'rit re- sistance. Long days tn fearful battle ragged. All tn horrors iv civil war at- tinded tn engagement. High an btt- ter wurruds were spoken. No quarter was asked or given. Tn city rang with tn despairin' cries iv Get of me foot Don't shove,' an 'Cow'rd.' to re- fuse light to Q lady
 "F"r days tn tide iv battle ebbed an flowed ontil tn peerless Casthro him. siIf dashed through all obstacles an plungin' headlong again tn govermins
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-06-20

of some African groups; at the same time cribbing the article as original |. Of course. there was no basis for 1t; and The Register article carefully avoided any allusion to facts.
 But DeLeon did better work than that sort of excellent fooling."
 Uncle Joe" Medili and Col John Forsyth were at daggers drawn. The famous editor of The Chicago Tribune said John Forsyth was "a hide-bound aristocrat,' and did not understand or respect the Western people (which was perhaps true). but he added that the Southerners all regarded them as "the lower strata of the mudsill" (which was nowise true). But when Colonel Forsyth took a years conge and placed a caSd at the column head that MT. DeI.son alone was responsible for the paper, the latter wrote that much dis cussed series of editorials on The Natural Alliance of South and West. which was the frst gun in the present battle for national and international waterways. Joseph Medin endorsed the articles, approved them in edito- rials and invited the young editor to Chicago for conference. Forsyth wrote to change, or discontinue. the edito. rials, his junior sent h1m the clipping from the column head, but the series continued.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-06-20
By F. P. Dur1r1e

foorces snapped his fingers in tn face iv tn able but ill-starred com mander. Don Gulpio de swizzle. This action has been denounced be sinti- mintalists as crooi an barb'rous an a blot on Casthros name. But. as Gin'- ral sherman said: War Is he'll Tn harshest measures ar-re sometimes hicissary. Casthro has often said he resthrained himsi1f on this occasion. If tn inthrests iv me beloved counthry required 1t I wud've pulled his nose, says he. Forchnitely no such exthreme was demanded. Tn opposin' gin'ral broke an fled an that night Ciprianio cestors. tn Inkies.
 Ills worruk was now over as he thought an he was prepared to return to his native roost. but tn grateful people iv vinxwala wud not have 1t so. Thrue to his republican thraditions he called f'r an i1iction rr prisidint be tn qualified voters iv tn Fatherland. Tn night tn tn palace. They showed that Casthro had received wan vote. his brother -in-i wan an his uncle wan. But as his brother-in-law an his uncle were in jail convicted iv threason again tn republic tn votes fir thim were thrown out an Casthro was unana- mously ilicted.
 TnAI'B as T6I Hb tn hoSSs What I'm goin' to tell ye now is thrue. Ciprianio made tn fine Prisidint. He was tn first South American Prisidint I iver heerd iv an tii' reason is he was so tbroubiasome. 'Tis like ye'er neigh Dor. If he's a quiet. honest. pesceable man ye ain't inthrested in him. But tf he keeps dog that's attintfve to tn calf iv ye'er feg as ye pass by. or doesn't shovel off tn snow firm In front fv his dure. or brutaily stamps on a definceiess pianoiy at midnight, ye find out all about him. So 1t vas With Cssthro. Who iver heerd iv th' name iv amy Prisidint iv Brazil or Peeru or Paktygonva or amy other iv thin noble republics that set 70 proudly iB tn Tim Crow section iv tn Brotherhoo6 tv Man7 That's because they're dacfnf men. But Caethro will>have all his q. ties fr histhry whin they're rnintioned as whst's-hfs-namef
 "As I told ve. he become public nuisnrce ars th' grand time he has iv it He abolished rivclutious as efim- note er' tucked af1 ti' rivointiontstr tn tagi. Thin ha took step thaS showed tn vicious side iv his charackter. He vvuaden't pay mt money to furriners whfu they needed it. "ris hard to ex- plain th' situstion to an onculdvated vnan ike ye. Hinnissv. who don't know anuvthinS ahous iternnvtional law. buf 'tis like this: If German comes to this cou~thry an starts m deI'ra- Stessen shop am ye get tick firm him