davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1909-10-15
Diagram Shows Manner in Which the Instrument Enabled Cook and
Peary to Tell the Way to the North Pole.

The sextant, whose service in polar trips las been reported by ~ TX
porers, is an instrument small enough to be conveniently held in the hand,
and is equally well adapted for measuring the altitude OF celestial objects
between the oon and sun or the 100 and a fixed star to ascertain the
longitude.
1t is called sextant because the measure is recorded on q arc of 60 de-
onestXth of a circle. 1t consists of a frame usually of metals tffened
by cross braces. The arc at the bottom of the frame is marked off with
double the number Of degrees actually measured. This is done because the
glasses attached to the instrument give a double reflection Of the objects
observed nd ths forma n angle with reference to ah other equal to ony
haf thu angular distance between such objects, n of which Is seen directly
n thu other by reflection. The arc Of 100 degrees thus records the actual
angle
Midway N the frane IN side is a telescope and opposite On the
other leg oft the fran is a glass, Transparent. in h upper half and snvered
in the lower half Both the telescope (ETin the accompanying hgure) and
the glass (H) in the figure, are firmly attached to the frame At the top
of the frame is a mirror &C in the ngue), which Is movable by means of
an arm (RM in the fgure) to which 1t is fastened, C is called the index
glass n the arm GRIND revolves around It. At NJ is a shifting scale for
making fractional Measurement and called a WERNER.
The observer takes the instrument In his hand and holds the telescope
horizontally. Looking through the telescope he nay see the horizon through
the transparent surface Of the horizon glass Fl. Then, If Wishing to bring
looking glass Tor the purpose Of catching the suns glare, and throwing it
into tn eyes If a companion. He turns the arm. RIM untlt the mirror c
catches sits reflections and throws it back to the snvered surface of the glass
II. When the u is thus made to coincide with the horizon the section of
the graduated arc over which the arm RIM has passed indicates the measure
of the angle lin degrees which is exactly determined by the movable frc-
tional Gale or vernier.
Arabian sronome are credited with having used a sextanta as fr
back IS the year 95, with a radius Of 9 feet 9 inches The modern instru.
ment was invented independently about 1870 by Thomas Godfrey of Phua
delphia and Captain Hadey Of the British navy.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1909-10-15

remained very complete for one of her
age. Her talent was in a measure her.
editary, since her aunt was a we'll
known harpist in her day. It was
through her playing hat Rosalie
Spohr, who had begun her musical life
as a pianist, turned her attention to
the harp.
A widow for more thar twenty years,
1t has been her devotion to her art that
made life interesting to her during all
this time. Her education was sound,
in the first place, for she studied for
two years under the harpist Grimm,
who allowed her to play in public at
the end Of that period, although it was
one Of his principles that a harpist
should study for ten years. Countess
Resale has been al intimate friend of
the German royal family, and both
Friedrich and the empress were de-
lighted to hear her play. Nowadays
she is a unique figure in the musical
and social life of Berlin and an in
spiration to the younger students, who
see what a JOY and consolation an art
ma be to one who has acquired it
faithfully.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1909-10-15

A writer in Tit-Bits says that a
wealthy gentleman living in North De
Won, who took a great interest in the
church, offered to give the choir a
treat, and decided on the really prince
ly one of taking them for a week to
Paris.
He escorted them himself to places
of interest and beauty in that charm
ing city, but not once during their
whole stay, or even on their return,
did one Of the men say to him that he
had liked the trip or had enjoyed him
self.
Naturally anxious TO know whether
they had done so, a few days after
their return he asked one Of the
churchwardens, a farmer in the vii.
lage, whether he thought the men had
enjoyed their time in Paris. The
churchwarden cogitated for a moment
or two.
We'll, sir" he said at length, 81
amt heard no complaints"
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1909-10-15

is a man of the people. When he
donned the tiara he declared that he
intended to be "the poor mans pope
The inaccessibility that was a feature
of those who reigned before him was,
as far as possible, to be relaxed, while
much of the severity and the strict
and complicated forms of etiquette OBJ
served by the holy see since the peri
cd of the renaissance was to be main
tanned no longer.
Formerly" says the writer, who
with his wife was granted an audi
enZa %privata," the etiquette was that
who had the honor of being admit
ted to an audience of the Pope should
make three genulexions as he enter
ed; the first on the threshold, the sec
ond a little farther, the third at the
feet of the pope, whose slipper, more
over, he was obliged to kiss. Leo
XIII. made only the rarest exceptions
to this rule; Plus x has abolished it.
He does not wish you to talk to him
on your knees, and, while you still
make a slight genuflexion on entering
aAAo ASlN III iS haotCAo " iaiSS Scu
up; and his friendly SIMPLICITY was
almost saying his cordiality-at once
puts you at your ease"
AS an example Of the pope's unas-
Stunning nature, 1t Is related that when
summoned from his home in Venice
to the conclave at Rome, he so little
doubted that he would return that he
actually took a return ticket on the
railway. He long kept this ticket we
are told. wealthy collectors strove
by every means in their power to be-
come its purchaser; he invariably re-
fused them. Last year the king Of
Greece, In the course of a visit which
he paid to the pope expressed a keen
desire to possess this little piece OF
cardboard, which has become for all
time historical, and the pope gave it
to him."
There Is one humble relic with
which the pope could never be con-
strained to part. This was his watch
"a quite ordinary and cheap affair.
1T marked the minutes of my moth
er's death struggles" he says, and
the hour of my definite separation
from the outer world, from space and
liberty. 1t has marked all the sad, all
the joyous, all the solemn moments of
my life. What jewel could be more
precious to me?"
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1909-10-15
SAVING THE BODY.
May Be Accomplished on the Other
SID of Your Outer Door.

There are folks who annually eX-
claim: I'VE simply must go come
where! The idea OF staying home all
summer! Why. we'd diet" My friend,
you will not die before your time II
you will get outdoors every possible
chance, and If there is no outdoors
to you home, you had, indeed, better
go somewhere else.and stay. But purge
your mind that you have to go 100
miles in a sleeping car to get the out
doors and scrape of the moldy notion
that the moment you get outdoors you
must tea around like q colt, says f.
L. Freeland in the Circle. Sit perfect
ly still and try to comprehend this
large and everlasting fact: Outdoors
Is Just like the other side Of yOur door,
waiting, like opportunity, for a chance
at you. If your door opens upon a
stationary odor pied M from some
noxious industry, YOU should remove,
exactly as If the odor were a visible
pile Of filth. The prime duty OF every
man is to locate his home so that 1t
is surrounded by unauthorized out
doors. And somewhere in that out
doors. somewhere. You certainly Will
have room to swing a hammock. And,
oh, who can tell the worth Of a ham
mock! That man can who can truly
estimate the value Of utter rest. Lack
of rest at the right moment, as in Il
fine machine the lack of a drop of oil,
throws everything out of gear and
the engineer into a frenzy. The wom-
an who never sees the ocean. nor the
hills, nor a stream-bisected pasture.
nevertheless a step ont OF her steam
ing kitchen, toss off her apron and
throw herself into the soothing Caress
of a hammock with almost, If not in
deed all, the assurance OF the some re-
cuperatio1-that n two weeks romp
might give her, if she does 1t at the
moment when the machine needs the
oil, every time. A hammock slung in
the coolest spot of anybOdy's outdoors
is salvation of body and mind. Just
because your soul is saved or ven be-
cause it isn't, don't neglect our body
and mind. Let a man dip into a ham
mock for fifteen minutes after the
days work and he speedily will won
der how he came to be cross with his
wife for asking if he felt the heat in
the office.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1909-10-15
"WoEs OF THE COUNTRY"
~~>cccSc1

An Atchison County farmer, says a
writer In the Atchison Daily Globe,
was dragging his mile of road" and
1t the corner met a neighbor, who had
a bad piece of road in front of his
farm. bad roads are the least OF my
troubles" said the second man, and
he continued, "did you ever stop to
think that this is a one-man country?
The listener replied that he had been
busy dragging roads lately, and had
not noticed it.
''Well," continued he who was not
worried about bad roads, "it is a fact,
and we are but little better off than
Russia. I can get along for the rest
Of my life, but I am alarmed for my
children. This one-man country and
the trusts are sapping at our very VI
tails"
It looks like rain" said the farmer
on the road drag, and I want to get
this road finished, but I'll take time to
give you a few of my ideas of things.
I'm the first place. good roads are Of
more Importance to me than this one
man-country talk you are putting up.
I should think a lot more of you If you
would get out your drag and fix up
that road along your place. I believe
that bad road is half responsible for
your sour disposition. l Know that
when I ride ver my good road I feel
all right, but the minute I strike that
rotten piece of road of yours I begin
to feel just the way you talk.
II have been an American and a
Kansan for fifty years, and 1 know
there IS nothing wrong with the coun-
try. There may be a few bad spots
your farm. and in your own disposi-
tion, but those few bad spots are not
the whole country, by a long shot.
You say you are alarmed for the
future. I should be, too, if l talked
and thought as you do.
IF you will read your Bible oftener
and subscribe for a few of the best
papers, you will see things differently.
III you drag that road Of yours all
Of your n%eighbors will think a lot more
Of you, and ever your own n will
take a more wholesome interest in
farm life. But as it is a mile to the
other end of the road and | have two
more rounds to make, I must be get
ting along before that rain catches
me-"
Farmer number one moved off. He
looked back and saw his neighbor still
standing, looking intently at the
ground. There was no indication that
his talk had any effect, 1t takes work
to drag a road, while it is not much
trouble to read a rabid. foolish news
paper and think about the woes OF
the country"
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1909-10-15
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lowances for veteran ministers Of the gospel. Quota
tons from utterapces OF the President of the United
States and from many o,ernors are given to show how
general the feeling is that something Of the kind should
be undertaken.
In a day of large giving, where people of great wealth
seek wise disposition of their accumulated millions, this
suggestion comes as one worth careful consideration.
The facts are well known. The self-efactng service OF
thousands Of faithful preachers Is a matter Of record.
The smallness OF the average salary Is attested by many
a table. The worthlness and the need are alike under
stood-Chicago Tribune.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1909-10-15

They Draw Crowds in New York.
A man filling a slot machine will
chewing gum.
The daily drop OF the Western
Union time ball.
A steeplejack painting a flagpole.
A sign painter lettering a window
Two draymen cussing each other.
An automobile with a p%uncturat
tire.
A masked woman in a shop win
dow showing off a massage instru
ment.
A Turk rolling cigarettes in a cigal
store.
A shipment Of silver bullion arriv
ing at the Sub-Treasury.
An ambulance stopping anywhere.
The arrest Of a pushcart man.
A cat up a tree.
An owl, a woodpecker or bluebirt
in City Hall Park.
A trolley car with a burned-out fuse
A broken down wagon.
Smoke coming from a subway en-
trance.
Any argument, If the d~isputant,
stand still.
Some on asking, els he hurt?"
A s~uffragette speech wagon.
Two dogs arranging the prelimi.
naries Of a fight.
A mouse that has lost it's way.
Hosting a safe into a. skyscraper.
Ducklings fresh from an incubator
On view.
A baseball bulletin.
Anybody standing still and looking
intently at the sky for five consecu
tive minutes.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1909-10-15
SIXTY YEARS A HARPIsT.
RosaIle Spohr IL Figure in Berlin's
Musical and Social Life.

NOSalIe SpOhr II f1Eurc In Berlin
Musical and Social Life.
One Of the most interesting charac-
ters in the musical life OF Berlin is
Resale Spohr, the harpist, who is a
niece of the great violinist Lou
Spohr, an exchange says. She made
her first appearance in public on Dec.
10, 1s49, at a concert given by Jennie
Lind. She attracted attention first be-
cause of her distinguished musical de-
scent, but after the world had once
heard her her art made her famous.
There are few women before the pub
lie to-day who play the harp as vlr-
tuosi. although one sees them occasion
ally in the opera orchestras. So it is
difficult nowadays TO realize that Ro-
salia Spohr toured Europe in triumph.
She found in Franz List a devoted
friend and enthusiastic admirer and
he was proud to play with her at Wei
mar as well as give hsF the benefit OF
his artistic advice. Her career as a
public performer ended after about
six years. Then she became the wife
of Count Saurma and the stage knew
her no more. She still lives in Berlin,
more than so years Did. but enthusias-
tie in her devotion to the instrument
with which she won the triumphs of
her brief professional career. For three
hours every day she practices the harp.
and her technique has for that reason
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1909-10-15

votes his life to teaching in college or university finds
some Of the anXietes lessened because Of the knowledge
Of a great fund for retiring allowances. The public
school teacher, the policeman, the fireman in the large
city, and sometimes other public servants are provided
for by pension systems. Even some corporations have
devised plans for aiding those who have given long
service to their interests,
No work for humanity is counted more valuable than
that done by ministers of the gospel. In the case of the
majority the opportunity for service appeals with
stronger power than the salary paid. All the pioneer work
is done by earnest men who are poorly recompensed
for their toll. as far as money goes. The missionary
In the newer settlements, the pastor OF the country
church, the minister In the small town-in fact, the
overwhelming majority Of preachers follow out their
careers with inadequate salaries, without opportunity
to save for the inevitable day Of retirement, and with
no assurance OF support in old age except that which
comes from faith.
The general recognition of the worth of the minister's
service to mankind and the cash payments for that serv-
ice stand in strange opposition to each other, In no
other walk Of life is the contrast so sharp. 1t is this
condition of things which prompted an article in a re-
cent number of the Northwestern Christian Advocate
proposing that the lafty Of all Christian churches unite
in the creation of a large foundation for retiring al
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1909-10-15
SOON WIRELESS TELEPHONE.
Man on the street Can BE called mt
Will Before Many Years Pass.

Man on the street Gan he Called mt
Will Before Many Years Pass.
1t is going to be a fairly comfortable
proceeding to penetrate any wilderness
with modern wireless devices. Now
adays, in order to telephone a man,
one must call up a certain telephone
located in a certain place. Unless the
man Is there you cannot talg withhim.
That will all be changed in the future.
One can foresee the time when the
man on the street, on the trolley car
or wherever he may be will carry in
his pocket an audion or receiver, listed
under his own number and tuned to
an affinity different from that Of any
other audion, Harper's Weekly says.
Should some one call that number,
Immediately the audion will QUIZ a
warning. True, the man will not be
able to telephone without connection
with . transmitted apparatus. But
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1909-10-15

these will be found in all vehicles and
even on street corners, as letter boxes
now are. All he will then have to do
will be to connect his receiver with the
transmitter, drop a coin in the slot.
and communication will be set up i'm
mediately.
A strong argument against the wire
less telegraph was hat outsiders
might easily pick up the messages
transmitted. This was true so long
as all instruments were tuned to a
single key. But a certain recent in
vention applied TO the telephone has
changed all that. Central will be able
to change the tune for different sub
scribers as often as there are num-
bers in the telephone directory. 1t is
done exactly as a violinist tunes his
instrument-by tightening or loosen
ing a device which in infinitesimal de.
gree increases or decreases the vibra.
ton as the impulses are sent forth.
1t may all sound visionary enough,
out not so far-fetched as did the prog.
nostications concerning the wire tel
ephone that were made some thirty
years ago. Even the wireless tele.
phone advocates do not claim hat all
these promises will come to pass in a
day. They contend, however, that
within twenty years the wireless tele.
phone will have entirely superseded
the present systems, and for the very
good reason that it will be cheaper to
install, maintain and operate. And
they claim that 1t will do things that
the wire telephone cannot do-th1ng,
that will be as necessary In the future
as ordinary ~teIephoning is today.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1909-10-15

trees have been get out on the Canadian rairies by the
ranchers. The ranchers do the work. and the trees are
furnished by the government nursery at Indian Head.
About 2,OOO,o 900 trees are going into the ground each
year. The aspect of many districts is rapidly changing
for the better under the arrangement between govern
ment and planters, and, OF course, the comfort Of tho
ranchers is increased by the protection against wind.
Farmers on this side Of the line have long been doing
what the Canadian ranchers are doing. The wind
break is an established institution in both countries.
But this planting of trees does not affect the main
question, Of oourse-the saving and replant1ng Of the
forests. Treeplanting on the prairies can be left to the
farmers. who appreciate its value. The preservation OF
the forests depends upon the public-Buffalo Express.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1909-10-15
POPE v THE POOR.

Has Abolished Useless FormnlttieS
and Is n Man of the People.
The extraordinary personal charm OF
Pope Plus x. and the democratic man
ners which obtain in the Vatican today
are revealed in an interesting inter
view in the Fortnightly. Pope Plus
K unlike his predecessor, Leo Kill,
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1909-10-15
SICK MAN ON WALL STREET.

Eject of jay Gould's Illness md
Death on the Stock Market.
Jay Gould was a man of q ply.
sique. In the evening Of his career
the state of his health became q mat
ter Of intense speculative interest in
Wall street. On rumors that he was
dangerously III prices would fall; On
these rumors being authoritatively and
convlncingly denied, prices would 70
cover. When there was nothing much
else In the stock market for spocular
tors to think about or trade upon,
days would be spent in ridiculous and
futile alarms. At length Mr.. Gould
became a chronic invalid. the strain Of
his life having hopelessly undermined
his health. and though by this time
his affairs were SO composed that his
death would not be likely to upset the
stock market, the fiction was KEPT
alive among spectators that ductua.
tions In his physical condition were
OF the utmost Importance.
The New York newspapers look
part in the discussion, says the New
York Evening Post. and when Mr..
Gould, accompanied by several doc
tors, went to Saratoga Springs. star
correspondents went along to see for
themselves. Their reports disaGreed
as hopelessly as the Wall street ru-
mors.
One morning this paper, whose cor
respondent at Saratoga Springs had
been writing Mr.. Gould up" for we'll.
sent down the story that the subject
of all this commotion had done {, dyo-
mile walk across country, had climbed
rail fences and leaped hedges with
the agility Of a %schoolboy, and had
returned fairly glowing with health.
That made a day for the bulls in
Wall street. They advanced prices fu.
riously. The paper whose correspond.
ent had been on the other side que.
ried him in harsh terms. Was 1t truo1
The next day he sent down his story,
declaring 1t was true that Mr.. Gould
had gone five miles across country:
but it was a terrible pity His coudi-
ton was such that his doctors had
resorted to heroic measures, and car
ried and dragged him over that dis
lance. and had brought him back Q
lettering, visible wreck. He would
perhaps never be seen outdoors again.
That made a day for the bears In
Wall street.
Five years after al. this Mr.. Gould
died, and the event caused hardly
any commotion In Wall street, Nin
souri, Pacific advanced.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1909-10-15

cause he cannot get employment Is deserving OF no such
honor. Usually he has some one dependent upon him
for support, and instead Of maintaining the struggle
and doing his duty to the last he cravenly gives up the
fight and deserts.
Human life Is a warfare against adversely. There
are those who triumph; there are those who go down
in the melee with their feet toward the foe, fighting
the good fight with their last breath; there are sulkers
and deserters and towards. The suicide is a deserter
and a coward and is worthy Of no honor.
or course, those who become insane and then COM
nit this crime are morally irresponsible and cannot be
condemned. Under the harsh laws of ancient England
the punishment for this crime, which could be inflicted
in no other way. was visited upon the dead body of
the man who took his own life as an object lesson to
teach people the enornity Of the ~nse.-Baltimo
Sun.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1909-10-15

Doubts may fit around me or seem
to close their evil wings, and settle
down: but, SO long as l imagine that
the earth is hallowed, and the light of
heaven retains its sanctity on the Sab
bath-while the blessed sunshine lives
within can my soul have
lost the instinct of its faith.-Nathan-
lei Hawthorne.
Dakota farmers' leader. (Canton, S.D.) 1890-19??, 1909-10-15

must change from time o time. In a particular year, for instance. the
United States spends on her navy far more than, say, Germany nay spend
on hers in the same time, although the navy Oft the latter is larger than b
navy of the former. In another ear the position may be- reversed.
1t has been well said that if o would have peace, you must prepare
for war and it is noticeable that this is the attitude taken by all tho great
powers at the moment. 1t may be recalled also that in a speech during tho
visit of the Czar the King said: Il am glad, sire, that you should ave had
al opportunity Of seeing, perhaps, the most powerful and largest feet that
has ever assembled, but trust that your majesty will never look upon
these ships a symbols of war. but o the contrary a a protection to our
coasts and commerce, and, above ALL for uphoding the interests of peace"
-(From the London illustrated News)