Evening star., 1909-02-28

word they are repete with meaning and
sufficiently definite TO meet all the re-
qulrements of the monkey mind TIE
brevity Of sentence does not necessarily
lessen its reality. as such, nor the brevity
of a conversat ton lessen it's reality.
Elaborated into human speech the
verbal formula may be varied i'm many
ways, but the essential thought involved
remains intact. The first sentence is in
the nature of an inquiry; the second con-
veys the information sought; the third
expresses a definite want and assumes
the form of a request or demand. Lit
orally rendered nto human speech the
bilingual record would be:
'Our'h-Hello. .here; where are you?
'Eu-nh-Here l am, under these palms
"Qhui-Well. wait there moment; l
want TO get with you.
I'm either case II is an Interchange of
correlated thoughts. and in either case it
constitutes an intelligent conversation.
Among the monkeys of this species
there are three other call sounds, which
differ from the one given and are also diff
ferent from each other. One of them is
used only by a monkey mother in calling
her young or in reply to its call: another
is used only by the young in calling It's
mother or in reply to her call. and the
ast is used only by the patriarch, or
s not however. the ordinary sound of
alarm: it appears rather TO be call for
:etreat. and is rarely uttered until The
Usual warning of danger has been given
This call for retreat as l interpret
to be. is singularly loud. piercing cry,
which is phonetically represented by XIII
u with strong accent on the initial
syllable. 1t is usually uttered two Or
hree times at intervals of ten or lfteen
seconds. and then elaborated into XIII
!, Oh fno hn
;yllable This modified form is uttered
few times. after which sometimes is
,tteEed series of staccato sounds re-
iembling 'a-ou-hou. repeated with great
.nergy and rapidty.
so far as | am able to interpret these
ounds khi-iu' and 'khi-iu-hou appear
be almost or quite synonymous. and
re invariably followed by a general re-
reat but 'a-ou-hou.' though usually as
ociated with the others, seems TO have
ONE other Specification.
when the call for retreat is given a
ew times by the leader of a family 1T is
frequently taken up by the leaders of
,ther families in contiguous parts of the
forest and thus it is often possible to
locate three orr four schools in as many
different localities. When taken up by
other leaders. the first form, 'khi-iu,' only
is uttered. and that rarely more than
once I have never known more than one
monkey in a band to utter this sound or
the others that follow it, and | have
never heard any monkey in captivity utter
any one; Of them.
The alarm sound of the nictitans is
a very obscure sound which is more like
a subdued cluck than it is like spoken
sound, and is always uttered at low
breath. 1t is uttered by any member of
the band, male CT female, on discovering
the approach or proximity Of danger and
is passed on and repeated by various
members of the troupe until the call for
retreat is uttered. after which it is dis
continued.
IF the danger apprehended appears
to be not very grave the retreat is quiet
and orderly: but If suddenly and seriously
alarmed the whole school breaks into a
stampede. in which every individual is
thrown upon it's own resources. The
alarm sound can not be represented by
letters.
another sound frequently uttered by
monkeys of this species may be phOneti-
cally recorded as 'chu-h.' in which the
initial phonetic has a soft guttera ef-
feet as i'm the Greek y. 1t is slightly pro-
longed and dominant and the vowel
much obscured. In meaning the word is
allied to warning of alarm, inasmuch as