Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1909-03-13

thousand feet q second or through wa.
ter at . slightly greater rate Of speed
and that when sound IL reproduced at
D distance by means Of wireless waves
its velocity u practically that Of light,
az $4,000 miles a second.
.sThis Is how have applied these
two well known scientific laws: A bell
ringing IN the air, IL the sound waves
are gathered by the transmitter Of a
wireless telephone, may be heard dis
tinctly IN wireless receiver one mile
distant In one one-hundred-and-eighty-
six thousandths Of second, or in.
simultaneously 80 far as the human
senses can determine. The same sound
travelling through the air will reach
the same receiving point just five sec.
o,ads later.
.sThese two sounds are identical In
tone, and It Is this fact which will
prevent any mistake on the part Of the
operator In picking out particular
bell The instant the, sound Of the
bell Il heard through the wireless re-
ceiver the operator presses button
which starts q device similar to stop
watch, except that the points around
the circumference Of the dial instead
Of representing seconds indicate dis
tances IN miles and feet
'sThe instant the sound Of the bell
reaches the operator through the air
or through the mechanism Of the sub
nariae bell he presses the button once
more. This stops the. clockltke de-
vice, and 1.-The hand Of the dial intii-
Gates accurately the distance between
the point where the sound originates
and the point of its reception. For
example, should the sound Of bell on.
beard vessel In a fog be heard by
means Of the wireless telephone and
arrive seven and half seconds ahead
Of the same sound going in the natural
way through the air or transmitted
through the water by means Of the
submarine bell device it is simple
matter to calculate that the vessel is
1900 feet distant, OF, not quite a
mile and a half away. The Indicator.
Of the fog phone, however, gives the
exllct distance in feet.
,'When the sound Of the bell is next
heard the operation Is repeated, and
the dial Of the indicator shows whether
the point from which the sound ema-
mates Is nearer or farther away than.
before. This knowledge enables the
man In the pilothouse to avoid all dan
ger Of collision. a bell ringing from
station on a rock or other menace to
navigation viii accurately indicate the
location Of such danger and make it
an easy matter for the pilot Of YES
Gel to steer clear Of it.
: TN some cases it is desirable to use
q submarine bell instead Of the ordi-
nary fog bell. This Is made possible
by the fact that all vessels are now or
soon, viii be equipped with the SUBJ
marine bell apparatus, and the wire
less telegraph system is now almost
universally ised by all seagoing ships.
EAT the receiving station the opera
tor has pair Of telephone receivers
held to each ear in the usual way.
One OF these is attached to the wire
less receiver, while the other connects
with the transmitter which picks up
the sound coming through the air or
water.
"yVhen It Is desirable to reach out
great distance for the sound of the
warning bell both receivers at the op-
orators ears are connected with the
wireless telephone receiver. When he
hears the sound Of the bell he presses
the button, and this. not only starts
the measuring device going, but
switches the telephone receivers from
the wireless receiver to the telephone
transmitter used to pick up the sounds
from the air or water. When the sig
nal is heard by way Of the water or
air the pressing of the button regis
tiers the distance separating the point
Of, reception from the other vessel or
danger point and at the same time
switches the head telephone back to
the wireless circuit.
ut Is q fact aften stated by the Of
fce1s Of sh.1 that it is next to i'm
possible to calculate Tie distance or
direction Of vessel in a fog by the
sound OF her bells or whistle coming
through the air. A naval officer told
me of point in Puget sound where
such a signal could be heard more
than humid d yards in one direction,
while in other directions it might be
heard two miles or more. The fog
phone sets such conditions as these at
A {3oy,on 20 Nav, vnrl. pnof
Commemorative Stamps.
why not issue 100000 battle Meet
commemorative stamps? They would
be snapped up in jiffy, says the New
Yorl. Press. Philatelists all over the
world would want them, and one at
least would be preserved in every fam
ily album IN America Issue these