davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12
THE CHYSANTHEMUM.
Japanese Legend Of the Origin of the
Many PetaIed Flower.

OoPaHNoS 1SSSHA W hhS " N'N
Many Petaled Flower.
The japanese have an interesting
| legend in connection with the origin OF
the chrysanthemum. In garden bath.
ed in the soft moonlight young girl
plucked a flower and commenced to
strip the petals to see If her fiance
loved her truly. OF a sudden a little
god appeared before her and assured
her that her fiance loved her passion
ately. Your husband will live, he add
ed. as many years as the flower which
| will let you choose has petals. With
these words he disappeared. The
young girl FASTENED to search the gar
den for flower which should have an
abundance of petals, but each one ap-
peared to promise but a brief future
for her beloved.
At length she picked up a Persian
carnation, and, with the aid Of gold
pin taken from her hair, she separated
each Of the petals Of the flower so as
to increase the number Of folioles and
Of the number Of years accorded by
the god to her fiance. Soon under her
deft fingers one, two three hundred
petals, thin, plant and beautifully
curved, had been evolved, and the
young girl cried for Joy to think of
the happy future which her ruse had
assured her fiance. So, runs the leg
end, was the chrysanthemum created
one moonlight night in a japanese
garden where silvery brooks murmur-
ed softly as they ran beneath the little
bamboo bridges.-LOndon Globe
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12
STONE PEDDLER TO DEATH.
Did It "Just for Fun Boys Say
When Arrested for Murder.

st. Louis, Motive boys. ranging
i'm age from eight to thirteen years,
were arrested in their class-rooms in
the Shaw school here and charged
with the murder of William Wachter,
a peddler, who was found with his
skull crushed. The arrest followed in
formation given to the police by Mrs.
Mary Goebehardt, mother of two of
the prisoners.
The boys are: Joseph Leo, George
p. Remmell, Frank Mamis and Hen
ry and Arthur Goebehardt
They told the police they had stoned
Wachter "just for fun"
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

1t was a mean trick, but, then, that
is the kind that's usually successful.
THAT dog" said the owner, will
bring me anything l send him for,
and / am willing to bet on it,"
Straightway bet was arranged,
and then the manager Of the billiard
hall suggested that he would like to
have the pool table brought to him.
Certainly" answered the owner Of
the dog, and he pointed to the table
and sald Fetch itw
The dog raced around it once or
twice and then grabbed pocket and
tore 1t off.
Hold onr' cried the billiard man.
Hell ruin the table"
"Of course" answered the owner Of
the dog, but II you give him time
he'll get 1t all over here. You didn't
suppose he could bring it in one trip,
did your"
But the billiard man paid the bet.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12
A. CAREFUL JUDGE.
Tho Way the Law Is Administered In
Merrle ENGLAND.

Merrie England.
A friend Of mine, wishing to make
present Of a ring to an acquaintance
who was on the eve Of being married.
bought the article and handed 1t to the
jeweler, with instructions to have q
suitable Inscription engraved upon It,
making stipulation that 1t should be
finished and returned by a certain
date, otherwise II would be useless.
Months elapsed before the ring was
delivered. 1t was sent back to the
jeweler. The tradesman took out
summons, and my friend had to come
back TO town and sit in q stuffy court
all day without the case being called.
Next morning he brlbed the usher to
let him know when the case was
called. He was sent for at lunchtime
and sat till quarter past listening
to anything but edifying matters
which had to be disposed Of first. BY
this time the old gentleman on the
bench was fast asleep. The jewelers.
case was called, and my friends So
licitor stated the defense. At its close
the legal functionary slowly dlsentan-
gled himself from the embrace OF
Morpheus, opened one eye, grunted,
"Verdict for plaintiff" and numbered
heavily out Of court. My friend was
furious and addressed the Judge in
terms the reverse Of polite. The usher
endeavored to pacify him and eventu-
ally led him out Of court, and after
pocketing another half sovereign he
remarked: "Yes, sir; it's very ard, /
know. But, you know, sir, he alters
gives a verdict for the plaintiff after a
o'clock"-London Strand Magazine.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

A north country parson thought 1t
absurd that a working class woman
should wish to christen her child
Laura Winifred Gwendolyn Gene
We've"
MY good woman, what ridicu-
lously long and fanciful name" he pro-
tested. "Why not choose something
simpler-Sarah, for instance? That
is my own wife's name"
"Ah, yes, Sarah's all very well for a
parsons wife, but hope my little gal
will look bit higher than that" an
swered the woman readily.
The astonished parson thereupon
performed the ceremony without fur
ther comment.-London Telegraph.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12
WANTED.

WANTED-Classifled ads, such as
help wanted; rooms or houses for
rent; second hand goods for sale;
in fact,any want you want to get
filled, the East Oregonian wants
your want ad. Rates: Three lin 8
one time, 20 cents; two times, 80
cents; six times, 70 cents. Five
lines one time, 30 cents: two times,
As cents: six times, $1.15. Count
six words to the line. Send your
classified ads to the office or mail
to the East Oregonian, enclosing
silver or stamps to cover the am
cunt.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

Lydia +. Pingham's Vegetable
Compound, an honest tried and true
remedy for feminine ills. holds the
record for the largest number of ac-
tual cures of any similar remedy, and
is prescribed and recommended by
hundreds of fair-mnded doctors who
do not fear to recommend n worthy
medicine even though IT is advertised.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

TO MAGAZINES, IL
you want to subscribe to magazines
or newspapers in the United States
or Europe, remit by postal note,
check, or send to the EAST ORE
CONAN the net publishers price
Of the publication you desire, and
we will have it sent you. 1t will
save you both trouble and risk. II
you are a subscriber to the EAST
OREGONIAN, in remitting you can
deduct ten per cent from the pub
lisher's price. Address EAST
OREGONIAN PUB. CO., Pendle-
ton, Ore.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12
He Rnard

Sam Sparks-Oh. yo' amt de only
seed in de sunhowah. Der's lots oh
uddeh gals dat hab called me "Sugah"
befo' All ebeh heahd oh yo'. Belinda
Sparks-Well, man, If dey called yo'
"Sugah" dey sholy must hab meant
loaf sugah.-Chicago News.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12
INSURANCE AND LAND BUSINESS

HARTMAN ABSTRACT CO., MAKES
reliable abstracts of title to all
lands in Umatilla county Loans on
city and farm property. Buys and
sells all kinds of real estate. Does
general brokerage business. Pays
taxes and makes investments for nom
residents. References, any bank in
Pendleton.
JAMES JOHNS, Pres.
w, S. HENNINGER, vice-pres.
G. II. MARSH. Sec.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

Professor Bates was quizzing stu
dent named Pond, who seemed to
know nothing Of the subject In hand.
"Are there no fish in this pond this
morning" he exclaimed at length.
"Yes, professor" replied the student,
"but the Bates no good."-Lippincott's.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

81 sleep with your letters under my
pillow" the modern lover wrote.
Then he yawned and muttered ia
himself:
AT least | go to sleep over the let.
ters. suppose It's the same thing
New Orleans Times Democrat.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

Tho East Oregoaian is Eastern Ore
gon's representative paper. 1t leads
and the people appreciate Il and show
II by their liberal patronage. II Is
the advertising medium Of the section
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12
Small Talk

1t is fact. as you may know,
While others 1t may shock,
That large scandals often grow
From the smallest kind OF talk.
Chicago News.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12
SECONDHAND DEALERS.

V. STROBLE. DEALER IN SECOND
hand goods. II there is anything
you need in new and secondhand
furniture, stoves, graniteware and
crockery, call and get his price. No.
.912 Court street.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12
FUNERAL DIRECTORS.
FRATERNAL ORDERS.

DAMON LODGE NO. 4. X. OF. P,
meets every Monday evening in I.
o. o. F. hall. Visiting brothers cor
daily invited to attend. A. E. Lam
bert. C. c.; r. w. Fletcher, X. of R.
and S.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

ENGRAVED CARDS, INVITATIONS,
wedding announcements, embossed
private and business stationery, etc.
Very latest styles. Call at East Ore
gonian office and see samples
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

DIR. LYNN K. BLAKESLEE. CHRO-
mic and nervous diseases, and dis
eases of women. X-ray and ElectrO.
Therapeutics. Judd building, corner
Main and Court streets. Office phone
Main u: residence phone. Main 554.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12
BOOMING HOUSES.

ST. ELMO ROOMS, NEW AND
first class throughout. One block
from depot. Rates SOC. 75c and 81,
Mrs. Allen Rhodes, Mgr.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

A warm theater with new and lively
pictures-the Pastime.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

FOR SALE-old newspapers wrap
ped in bundles of $50 each, suitable
for wrapping, putting under car
pets, etc. Price 15c per bundle,
two bundles 25c. Enquire this Of
flee.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

DIR. NJ S. KERN. DENTAL SUR
geon. Office, room is, Judd build
ing. Phone red 1901.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12
LIVERY AND FEED STABLES.

CITY LIVERY STABLE. THOMPSON
street, Carney & Kennedy. Props.
Livery, feed and sale stable. Good
rigs at all times. Cab line in connec-
ton. Phone main 20.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

SLOM KEE, CHINESE LAUNDRY:
family washing; work done by hand;
mending free; goods called for and
delivered, 40S East Court street.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

HORACE w. KING, CIVIL ENGIN.
eer and Surveyor. Room II, De.
spain building
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

PENDLETON IRON WORKs-RE-
pair work on all kinds Of machines.
structural iron work and machine
castings. Junction of Court and Alta
streets. Marion Jack. Prop; A. F.
May, manager.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12
DENTISTS.

E. A. MANN, DENTIST, OFFICE
Main street, next to Commercial
association rooms. Office phone.
black 3421; residence phone red
1851.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12
PHYSICIANS.

H. S. GARFIELD, NJ. D.. HOMEo-
pathic physician and surgeon. Of
flee Judd block. Telephones: Office.
black Bail; residence, red 1888.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

ENGRAVED CARDS, INVITATIONS,
wedding announcements, embossed
private and business stationery, etc.
Very latest styles. Call at East
Oregonian office and see samples.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

LEGAL BLANKS of every descrip-
tion, for county court, circuit court,
justice court, real estate, etc., for
sale at East Oregonian office.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12
7 Want Ads. I
FOR SALE.

FOR SALE-White Minorca cocker
els. The Mlnorca lays a big white
egg and Is the largest non-setter
bred. G. A. Robbins, 223 Logan
street.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

LET ELECTRICITY DO YOUR
work-1t's clean, reliable and con-
venient. Electric Sad Irons, guaran-
teed. $5.25. Electric Hot Water and
Curling Iron Heaters. Electric Coffee
Percolators, etc. A complete stock of
Gas and Electric fixtures. First-class
wiring Of homes. etc. ]. L. Vaughan.
1872 w. Court street.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

LEGAL BLANKS OF EVERY DE-
scription. for county court, circuit
court. justice court, real estate, etc,
for sale at East Oregonian office.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12
MISCELLANEOUS.

NJ. B. KEYS cab stand at Golden
Rule hotel. Phone main 25. Special
attention given to parties and dances.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

VAUGHAN BROS. DENTISTS, OF
flee in Judd building. Phone Main
"a.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

LAND FOR SALE-1OO.OO0 acres of
selected wheat lands in Alberta;
and choice fruit land in Umatilla
county. C. H. Sellers. real estate
agent, Pendleton, Ore.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12
ARCHITECTS. CONTRACTORS, ETC

n. A. MAY, CONTRACTOR AND
Builder Estimates furnished on all
kinds of masonry, cement walks, stone
walls etc. Phone black 1886, or Ore
gonian office.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

DIR. LLOYD D. IDLEMAN. DENTIST.
Sundays and holidays by appoint
ment. Schmidt building, Pendleton
Ore. Phone Main 52S. Office hours
a. m. to p. m.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

FOR SALE-160 acres partly seeded
to alfalfa; two good orchards;
house nicely furnished. Several
nice springs; fine sheep ranch;
good range no reserve; very near
railroad, and arranged for two
families. Address 6O7, Weatherby,
Oregon.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

JAMES B. PERRY, ATTORNEY AT
law. Office over Taylor's hard
ware store.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

LOWELL & WINTER, ATTORNEYS
and counsellors at law. Office in
Despair building.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

GEORGE w. COUTTS, ATTORNEY
at law. Estates settled. wills, deeds,
mortgages and contracts drawn. Col
lections made. Room II Schmidt
block,
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-02-12

RALEY, RICHARDS & RALEY, AT
torneys at law. office in Savings
Bank building.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1909-02-26
GERMANS BUY FRENCH LAND
First Step in Long Predicted Invasion
Is Taken.

Chicago Feb. ga special cable
gram to the Daily News from Paris
says:
The first instance of the long pre-
dicted indication of the Germans to
buy up large tracts of land in France
for industrial purposes In order to
escape the overcrowded condition OF
their own land has Just occurred,
much to the disgust of certain impor-
tant political and patriotic groups of
persons who for some time have been
reminding their compatriots that the
day would arrive when fhe German
with his large family and large busi-
ness interests would appear on French
soil to stay.
Three senators have brought before
the senate the outlines of bill forbid
ding henceforth the sale of any part
of French territory, either consisting
of islands or sites near the frontiers,
to any foreigners without the express
authorization of the government. That
this measure is directed against the
feared invasion and increase of a
German population in France is freely
conceded
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1909-02-26
NOW BEFORE GRAND JURY
Affairs Of A. Booth & Co., Bankrupt
Fish COMPANY.

Chicago, Feb. 26-Affairs of A..
Booth & Co. were under investigation
In two quarters-the grand jury and
In the court of Master in Chancery
Booth. The proceedings before the
latter were brief, consisting chiefly of
a statement by Attorney Jacob New
man, which was entered on the rec
ord, exonerating Harry L. Gordon of
Cincinnati Of any suspicion in connec-
tion with a check for $4,000 recently
produced In evidence. Mr.. Newman
stated that he had made an investiga-
tion and found that the check was
given Mr.. Gordon as legitimate COM
pensation for legal services rendered
to A. Booth & Co.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1909-02-26

oners, who belong mostly to the edu-
Gated classes, entails drastic changes
in food and method of living. They
all will be garbed in the rough and
uncouth ready made prison garments,
spotted with broad arrow, and their
food will be the ordinary prison fare
of thin porridge, watery cocoa and a
small allowance of meal and potatoes
once a day. They will not be al
lowed to communicate with each other
and they will be obliged to exercise in
single file in the prison courtyard.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1909-02-26
MAXIMUM FINE
ONLY $4,000
Standard Oil OffenseS May
Be Limited by Court
INTIMATION OF DECISION

Judge Anderson Declares That There
Can BE No More Convictions Than
There Were Settlements Between
Carrier and Shipper, Wherein Ac,
counts Were Balanced and Alleged
Rebates Paid.
Chicago, Feb. 26.-United States
District Judge Anderson broadly init
mated that he will rule that the unit
of offense i'm the Standard Oil rebating
case will be the thirty-six settlements
of freight charges. Under this ruling,
If made, fine of only $72O,0O0 is pos.
sible as compared with Judge Lands
assessment of $29,240, 900 in the orig.
inal case. The court said after listen.
ing to the arguments:
II think that there can be no more
convictions than there have been set
Elements, wherein the carrier and the
shipper have settled their accounts
and the shipper has received back the
difference between the valid rate and
the rate which was concession. OF
these settlements there were thirty
six"
In rendering this informal opinion
the court also disposed of the conten-
tion of the defense that the whole
matter was continuing offense sus-
ceptible to but one punishment.
eff that is your honor's opinion, "
Assistant District Attorney Wilkerson
said, "the government, to facilitate
the case, will proceed along the line
intimated. When the matter comes
before you for formal ruling we may
produce further arguments.
Not Pleased With Decision.
United States District Attorney
Sims left the courtroom quietly, ap.
pal emily in no mood to discuss the
question. He bss held all along, how
ever, that even the maximum fine on
the settlement basis renders the at.
tempt to enforce the Elkins law
against big corporations ineffective.
1alNAoiuCl iNSfCily Vi lilS
most prominent figures in Chicago s
commercial, social and civic affairs,
may be one of the jurors who will
hear the retrial of the Standard Oil
company OF Indiana on charges OF
accepting rebates. Mr.. Reyell's name
was among those found in the new
panel of $50 veniremen. The names
of Edward Ahlswede and j. c.
Vaughan, both at the head of impor-
tant interests, also appear on the
panel.
Argument as to what shall consti.
tute the basis of the rebate charges
shipments as contended by the gov.
ernment or settlements of freight
charges as contended by the defendant
was continued before Judge Ander.
son.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1909-02-26
CHURCH WORKERS
IN CONFERENCE
Convention Of Protestant Lay.
men in Pittsburg Today.

Pittsburg, Feb. 26.-What is de
clared to be the most important con
ference of the Protestant laity evei
held in the United States was begun
in this city today by representatives
of a large number of mems organiza
tions in the various churches.
The following church organizations
are represented in the conference:
Episcopal Brotherhood of st. Andrew
Interdenominational Brotherhood oil
Andrew and Philip, Baptist Brother
hood, United Presbyterian Mems
league, Congregational Brotherhood
Methodist Brotherhood, Mems Move
ment of the United Brotherhood
Church, Southern Presbyterian Broth
erhood, League of Universalist Lay
men, Canadian Presbyterian Brother
hood, Mems Movement in Christian
Church and the Presbyterian Brother
hood of America.
One of the most important features
of the conference will be the discus
SIGN of a proposition to arrange fol
cooperation of the various organiza
tions in the larger cities as we'll al
nationally with a view to unity and
cooperation both in church work ano
municipal Improvement. Another enc
suggested for the proposed federation
is the raising of the male portion o.
the church into as important factor
in church and charitable work as have
been the women of the churches.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1909-02-26
CROWDS AT COOPER TRIAL
Cross-Examination of Aged Defendant
Resumed

Nashville, Tenn, Feb. 26.-It was
thought last week that the limit in
crowds had been reached in attend
ance at the Cooper-Sharpe trial for
the murder of former Senator E. W.
Carmack, but the throng that sur
rounded the jail building almost be-
fore dawn made the other crowds
look like mere handful of casual
passersby The deputies at times had
to use force to keep the over eager
men and women from pushing pell
NELL into the courtroom.
The cause of the excitement was
the well defined rumor that Governor
Patterson would take the stand on
behalf of the defendants as soon as
Colonel Cooper was excused. When
court opened Captain Fitzhugh re-
sumed the cross-examination of Colo
mel Cooper.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1909-02-26
ALLEGED GRATING PLOT
SaIoonkeepers Asked to Name Who
They Paid for Protection.

Chicago, Feb. 26.-An alleged graft
ing plot, said to involve Chicago poll
ticians Of statewide influence, was re-
sponsible for the appearance of nearly
100 saloonkeepers before the grand
jury They were faced with the al.
tentative of indictment for maintain
ing gambling devices or revealing the
identity of those to whom they arc
alleged to have paid tribute for the
privilege of operating these machines.
The clique to which the tribute is
said to have been paid is alleged to
have divided 100000 within a year
through farming out unlawful priv.
ileges to keepers of saloons on the
outskirts of the city proper.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1909-02-26
PASSES THE DANGER POINT
Residents of Lowlands at Louisville
Compelled to Vacate.

Louisville, Feb. 26.-With every
tributary bankfull and swelling the
tide the Ohio river has reached the
danger line" for this point-2S feet.
A maximum stage of at least 80 feet
is anticipated before the rise halts.
Morning found the lower floors of
some fifty homes in Shippingport and
the western end of Louisville inun-
dated, while over twice as many were
awash in "the Point" district at the
eastern end, From many of these
places families were moved during
the night-others elected to stay in
their second stories. Cellars and
warehouses along the river front were
flooded, but ample warning has en-
abled merchants to move goods and
avoid damage.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1909-02-26
PEACE SOCIETY TO
Dine ROOT TONIGHT
His Work for Arbitration Is
Recognized.

New York, Feb. 26.-Recognition OF
the services of former Secretary OF
State Elihu Root in the cause of uni
versal peace is the purpose Of the
dinner to be given to the New York
senator-elect by the Peace society of
New York tonight.
Over 500 persons, guests and mem
bers of the society, will attend the
dinner at the Hotel Astor. Among the
guests who will address the society
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1909-02-26

will be President-Elect Taft, Gov
ernor Hughes, James Bryce, ambassa-
dor from Great Britain; Senior Ma
buco, ambassador from Brazil, and
Baron Takahira, ambassador from ia.
pan. The chairman in charge of the
dinner is Hamilton Holt, editor OF
the Independent, and the presiding
officer will be Hon. Joseph H. Choate,
former ambassador to Great Britain
Mr.. Root will deliver one of the ad
dresses.