Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1909-03-07
IMPROVING DAIRY
 INDUSTRY OF SOUTH
Better Cows More Home Brown Feed Better Products The Three Main Points That Every Dairyman Should Bear in Mind-Work of the Department of Agriculture Butter, Cheese, Cream and Ice Cream : Facts.
Mno-op>.A-1-o-

parent from the work of the Unite
 States Department of Agriculture il cooperat'cs1 with State authorities fo, the development of the dairy indus. try in the South. This work has bet, in progress three years under special appropriations made by Congress The Dairy Division of the, Bureau oi Animal industry has paved the way to better conditions by the introduc- tionr of more practical methods in the management of dairy herds. \ valuable feature of the work is the keeping of systematic records which enable the diaryman to determine which cows are profitable and which improbable and to eliminate the lat ter from the herd. Within two months after testing is begun with a herd the owner usually begins to cull out the poorest cows. and the next step of the progressive dairy man is to procure purebred bull.
 The Government work, under the supervision of B. Fl. Rawl, has been in the main personal effort among the farmers with a view to instruct ing them in better methods. The southern farmers have not been slow to adopt improved methods when the advantage is demonstrated. The idea that dairy COWS do not produce we'll in the South is incorrect. Success there, as elsewhere, depends on the quality of the cattle and the methods of handling them. The South offers a good field for profitable dairying, and how to develop the industry is the problem on which the Department of Agriculture is working. A careful survey has been made to determine the conditions and needs.
 Southern Butter.
 The creamery butter production of tue South is inadequate, due to the small number of creamerieS, although during the past two years several new ones have been established. The product of the southern creamery compares favorably with the northern or western products, but a shortage in the milk supply necessarily limits the number of creameries. with the result that large quantities of print butter are shipped into the South l from northern and western points.
 The farm dairy butter varies In quality. Some of the better equipped 1 dairies produce an article almost | equal to creamery butter. The coun- , try butter is of quite a different grade. Much of it soon becomes rancid, as a result of not having been properly washed when it was churned, and has to be shipped to the renovating fac ,olies. i
 Cheese.
 Less than Der cent of the cheese consumed in the South is produced locally. In 30 cities in l3 Southern |, States the quantity handled annually to approximately o,oo0 pounds. The per capita consumption is large, especially among the labor ng classes, who largely depend for heir monday meal on crackers and cheese; yet practically no whole-milk cheese of the Cheddar type is manu- factured in the South. A few small actories in South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia constitute the source of local output. It would seem, in view of the condition, that he South presents an attractive field or the manufacture of cheese. Be- ore a cheese factory could be oper- tied successfully. however, an ade- z luate supply Of milk would have to 'e assured. ,
 Cream and lee Cream. f
 The consumption of cream in the ( ;outh is small, due to the scarcity of , resh cream rather than to q lack Z 'f demand. The Quallty IS VarlaDie, I ome being equal only to rich milk. q Nhe result is that unsweetened con- i Iensed milk is consumed in large q uantities in the cities. and to some f xtent on farms There it large consumption of ice cream, but much n f the product is made from bulk Y ondensed or whole milk of low grade. z The price varies from 70 cents to s q ] gallon, the average being about f 1.5o. The city of Memphis has the z of shipping the largest quantity, one of it's manufacturers 9 making as high as 5000 gallons daily 2 turing the summer season. Ice cream f manufactured in Tennessee and Geor- sia is shipped as far south as Florida. e
 Southern Supply of Milk.