davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03
GASOLINE ENGINE SAVES DAY.
BY 1t Lands Thought Beyond Reach Of
Water Have Been Brought
Under Cultivation.

Irrigation problems have been sim
plitied in recent years by the introduce
ton OF the gasoline engine. Lands
formerly thought to be beyond the
reach of water have been brought un-
der cultivation. Long and costly
bitches have been rendered unneces-
sary. Fumes which are always cost
ly to maintain have been abolished
and large tracts of bench-bluff land,
lying high above running stream
or lake have been reclaimed
But irrigation by pumping was not
at first popular thing. People in
this new west thought that the only
way was to bring the water to the
land by ditch. They thought that
pumping water for irrigation would
be too expensive or that the water
could not be supplied in sufficient
quantities.
Ideas as we'll as conditions in the
irrigated country have changed, how
ever. Theories and notions have
given away before facts. The gasoline
engine has proven a success. 1t has
pumped water in sufficient quantities.
1t has done it SO economically that
many farmer with land which would
otherwise have remained dry, and
| therefore, unproductive, has been
glad to avail himself of it and has
found that he can farm with good
profit. Many fine farm producing
mixed crops, small fruits, vegetables
and grasses, has had no other means
of irrigation than by water pumped
by means of gasoline engine.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03
RAIN IN sEMI-ARID REGIONS.
Estimated That SO Per Cent. Of Water
fall in Humid Section Runs Of
in Streams.

Regions generally called semi-ario
receive less than 20 inches average
annual rainfall. Excepting limited
areas in the northwest and some parts
of California. this includes the whole
region west of the ninety-ninth or one
hundredth meridian. in Nevada and
California are limited areas with such
low rainfall as to be truly arid, In
the lntermountain valleys the precipi.
tation for the most part is during the
winter months. In the plains region
the greater part of the annual rain
fall is during the spring and summer
months.
Speaking broadly and comparing
large areas. il has been estimated
that 30 per cent of the rainfall in
humid regions runs off in the streams,
a portion OF this consists OF flood wa
ters which run off the surface and do
not enter the soil. but a large part is
subterranean water that finds its way
to the creeks and streams from the
lower depths OF the soil Estimating
in the same way. 1t is believed tina
about ten per cent. of the rainfall of
the plains region runs off in the
streams. For the most part this con-
siSts of storm waters. There are few
springs. and the streams generally
cease running soon after rains. If
the rainfall be is inches and the rum
off be ten per cent, about l6 inches
of rain will have entered the soil.
semi-arid regions and during some
years in any portion. the railfall may
be no more than ten or - inches.
For the most part the soils of the
plains region are loans of exceptional
fertility. when sufficiently watered.
The 16 inches of water absorbed
would saturate these soils with capil-
larry water to depth of five or six
feet if none We're lost between rains
by evaporation. The rains moisten
the surface to depth depending. Of
course, upon the amount of rainfall,
but the moisture is always confined 10
a few feet of the surface soil. 1t is
during exceptionally wet seasons only
that dry soils cannot be found at a
depth of three or four feet The con-
ditions are so different here from
those in humid climates that it is diff
ticult fully to realize them and their
bearing upon farm practice.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03
Moles Friends Of the Farmer.

A distinguished naturalist careful
ly examined the stomachs of Is moles
caught in different localities, but
failed to discover therein the slight
est vestige of plants or roots; on the
contrary, they were filled with the
remains of earth worms. Not salts.
fled by this fact, he shut off several
moles in a box containing sods of
earth, on which fresh grass was
growing, and smaller cage Of grubs
and earth worms. In nine days two
moles devoured 349 white worms, 1913
earth worms. Is caterpillars and a
mouse (skin and bones). which had
been alive in the box. He next gave
them nothing but vegetables, In "a
hours two moles died Of starvation.
Another naturalist calculated that
two moles destroyed 10000 white
worms, or grubs. in single year. If
this Is correct 1t Is a strong argument
in favor Of multiplying rather than
DESTROYING the moles.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03
SPOTTED BEAN WEEWi PEST.
Known for Many Years. GO. Found
in Western Country fee Few
Seasons Only.

One of the pests which come to our
bean crop is the bean ladybrd, also
frequently referred to as the spotted
bean weevil 1t has been known for
many years but has been found in.
furious only for few seasons in the
irrigated section of the western coun.
try. The insect is nearly hemispher
ical in outline and broadly oval. Its
length is little more than one-fourth
Of an inch. Its color is light yellow
ish brown with four black spots on
each wing cover. The insect is of late
mentioned as one of the worst enc
mics to bean crops in the west. In
both larval and adult stages it de-
yours all parts of the beans The
full grown larva is about the same
length as the adult The beetle makes
OF June to the middle of July and a
new brood appears in September and
October The winter is passed in
adult stage, and only single genera
ton has been observed in a year
Paris green is one of the most useful
insecticides for the destruction of this
species. However, great care must
be taken in its application for certain
varieties of beans are likely to be
killed by the burning Of the leaves. 1t
should be applied as an underspray
at the first appearance of the beetles.
Kerosene emulsion applied as an I'M
/ derspray gives still better results
a nil i,,tr ,rt :, L,
eggs at the first appearance is a pre-
Ventive measure practical only when
the crop is grown in small quantities.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03
EMeets of Tillaoe.

Proper tillage has two important eff
fects. First, the soil is brought into
the desirable condition already de.
scrfbed. 80 that there will be a deem
mellow, but firm seed and root bed
TO absorb and store the rainfall and
to prepare plant food. and, second.
the loss Of water by evaporation from
the soil is prevented as far as nos.
sible. Tho operations of tillage NAV
be considered under two heads-tba
preparation Of the seed bed, since it
is universally applicable; but there
are special cases where draining IL
the first requisite in bringing the soil
into condition.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03
Reform Needed.

In the vicinity of Mogador, Morocco,
there is an annual rainfall of 1880
inches. The farmers are SO greatly
in fear of taxation that they employ
no improvements in agricultural
methods. They rarely erect wind
mills, knowing that such Injuries in
dictate wealth and bring the tax col
lector down upon them
If crops fail-as is most frequently
the case, it is "the will of God"
The soil is rich and if operated
scientifically, would make rich coun-
try in a few years.
The semi-arid states have a few of
the lin God we trust" farmers, but
like the Moroccans, they are always
obliged to dodge the tax collectors
or move. Fortunately, this kind are
in the great minority, but it is most
often this style of farmer who fails on
dry farm"
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03
Whether for mailing or feed, the
white stage, just before it. is ripe,
is the proper one at which to cut bar
ley in order to get the most grain and
best results.
Caring for Chicks.

With soft-lined basket. covered
with some light material, proceed to
the mother hens nest. gently and
carefully put the chicks in the basket.
And after they are all removed from
the nest take the hen up and carry
all to the newly prepared home. Here
nave corn. water and feed for the
mother outside. Give her all she will
eat and give her chance to shake
herself Set the basket down by
your side until she has finished her
meal. when you may put her in. the
coop, then the chicks. Do not. feed
the little chicks until they have been
Matched 4S hours.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03
BEST TIME FOR IRRIGATION.
Secret Of Growing Potatoes, Melons
and Other Crops Is to Start
Watering Early.

The secret of growing A. No. 1 pc.
tatoes in the irrigated region Is to
start watering when the tubers be.
gin to set, says writer in the Mis-
souri, Valley Farmer. No check in
growth should be allowed, otherwise
when applied new growth will start
and a large number of small potatoes
will be the result.
The same holds true for tomatoes,
melons, peas and similar crops which
bear fruit, although they should not
be watered when in full bloom, as this
tends to prevent the setting of the
fruit.
Corn yields heaviest when it has
plenty of water when the tassel and
silk begin to form, and wheat, oats
and barley when the grain is forming.
1t is useless to water matured grain
or grass.
Shallow cultivation is given after
each irrigation as soon as the land
will admit without pudding the soil.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03
PRESERVE FARM FENCE
POSTS FROM ROTTING
Labor Of Replacing Them o nd
durable Ones Are Sources of Constant
Annoyance and Expense.

Every farmer is familiar with the
totting of his fence posts at the sur
face of the ground. The labor of re-
placing them and how to secure new
and durable posts are sources of con-
slant annoyance and expense. Even
the more durable woods such as
chestnut, white oak and cedar, decay
in eight or ten years. 1t is true that
there are few kinds OF woods in the
United States, such as locust and
osage-orange, which give much longer
service, but their supply, never very
large, is rapidly becoming exhausted,
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03

of merely coating the outside. If the
brush" method, or painting, is used,
the creosote should be applied at a
temperature of about $50 degrees F..
Two coats should be given at least "a
hours apart. If the posts are dipped
directly into the preservative, the
creosote should be heated to about
the same temperature. The best re-
suits of all can be obtained by first
creosote and then either transferring
them quickly to bath of creosote at
lower temperature, or else shutting
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03
Ignorance and Better Laws.

Public utterances designed to injure
the development of dry land districts
and based upon misunderstanding or
ignorance of facts were everywhere
actively refuted at the recent Dry
Farm congress held at Cheyenne, and
vigorous demand made for juctice and
conservatism on both sides of the ar
gument.
Better laws, more experimental sta.
lions and demonstration farms were
urged and farmers continually re-
minded of the necessity of careful
work and study of their own require.
nlents.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03
World 4. ,nterested.

What dry farming means to the
/ United States It means to every coun.
try in the world where there is semi.
arid land. possible of agricultural de.
velopment. It means ultimate recla.
NATION OF hundreds of millions Of val.
liable acres. billions added to the
wealth of nations and possible solu.
ton Of many Of the perplexing socio.
logical questions.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03
Green Manurino.

The practice of green manuring is
not much known of nor carried on as
much as it should be. If you cannot
grow half the garden or a portion of
it in alfalfa or clover for year and
pillow under when in bloom the follow.
Ing year, you should grow field
peas, which are next best eyery
year, and plow under deep at bios
soming time. By so doing you can
grow your late garden on the ground
after it has been green MANFRED, pro-
vided it is irrigated to rot the vege.
;tation plowed under.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03
DRY FARM NOTES.

In high attitudes, with ~ to IA
inches precipitation utilized under
alternate or biennial systems, every
crop possible of production under ir-
rigation is profitably grown without ir-
rigation.
With precipitation of Is to "a
inches, many farmers in high alti-
tudes are cropping annually.
Then again, many farmers under all
of the above named conditions are
failing continually.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03
Alfalfa on Sheen Farm.

! have been much interested in the
use Of alfalfa on sheep farms, both as
q pasture crop and as hay. Last sum
mer, while in. France, / saw MANY
focks hurdled on rape and sainfoin
fields, this being their only food dur
ing the season. The Frenchman is
very light feeder of grain at best
to any kind of stock. In fact, sheep
get very little as concentrates in
France. Yet, over there, alfalfa is a
universal and popular crop:-Ex.
change.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03
Feeding Hoqs.

It is waste of feed to give ali Of
the hogs on the farm the same kind
Of food, when there are in the herd
fattening hogs. brood sows, stockers
and sucking pigs.
In nearly all cases with hogs care
should be taken to feed according to
age, condition and time OF marketing.
There is no profit in stinting the
hogs in their supply Of feed In the
fall in, order that there may be- grain
In the bins next spring.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03
Money for the Women.

Bees, poultry and canning outfit
are means of making nice little in
come for the girl or woman who is
situated to handle them. 1t does not
require much capital to begin with
all three Of these industries. which ar.
SO eminently suited to the farm gtr:.
The price of a good typewriter and a
course Of study at a business college
will be considerably more than It
would require to start In this business
at home.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03

And now comes the disillusIoner to
remark that man-eating lions are the
old, decrepit fellows with bad teeth.
It is too bad. Next they will be tell
ing us that gorillas do not twist gun
barrels around their necks.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03

The season is at hand for the an.
nual Sunday drownings. Every sum-
mer the warning for prudence and
care Is given. and just as regularly
the warning is disregarded. This sea-
son wil! probably have its due share
OF water-pleasure tragedies.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03

A man has Just died In New Jersey
who left q fortune Of 100000. made
out Of penny toy shop. This was
absolutely untainted money, for every
cent OF It meant q child's happiness
given In return, which is rather rare
record as fortunes go in these days.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03

It is said that the best residents OF
Newport are to organize revolt
against freak entertainments, monkey
dinners and the like. They are join.
ing the safe and sane procession, go
far as the summer season is con.
cerned. And the monkeys will be quite
as well pleased as the best residents
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03

Great Indignation is being expressed
in Chicago over high poker playing by
fashionable women and homes are
being disrupted There must be some
stop put to this continual encroach-
ing by women on masculine privil-
eyes.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03

The action Of King Manuel of Por-
tugal in decorating his mother 70,
bravery In trying to defend him at the
time Of his fathers assassination and
/ his bestowal Of honor on the police
man who killed the murderer of his
father will doubtless make him doubiy
popular. There Is too much human
appeal in this tribute to mother love
and to heroism in humble life not to
arouse response In the popular heart.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03

Messina has had another earth.
quake visitation. Comparatively lit.
tie damage vas done, for the grim
reason that the destruction wrought
last December YVES SO complete. But
so severe were the shocks that, had
the city been in the former condition,
the disaster might hRve been on a
frightful scale. The circumstances
would seem to discourage the idea OF
rebuilding In SO dangerous a locality.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03
Movable Farm schools.

The United States department Of ag-
riculture recommends the establish.
ment of movable schools of agricuI
ture by the state experiment stations
Where is farmers can. be secured as
students the schools may be conducted
for year or longer. The kind of in.
struction will depend on the needs Of
the section.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03

As New Orleans inventor claims
that he has wireless device by which
swarships may be blown UP at dis.
lance Of four or Ave hundred miles.
The best that can be said about such
Inventions u that they make people
careful about giving provocation to use
them. Otherwise. they do not tend to
show the progress Of the humane in
humanity. \
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03

into hay. The winter feed of the
COWS is a little lock of hay night and
morning, possibly four or six pounds,
and bushel or more of cut maneles
It is safe to say that rs per cent or
more OF a Jersey cows feed in winter
is roots. WET.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03

All the world loves a lover, no mat.
ter what his salary: but when he as.
sumes the responsibilities of matri.
imony at So per week society's sym.
pathy justly becomes a desire to
spank.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03
Eggs and Butter,

With dozen fresh eggs selling at
about the same price as a pound of
good butter. thereis fine chance for
renewal of the old argument, the hen
against the COW. as source Of farm
profit
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03
pry4FarmIns.
A question frequently asked !:

A. question frequently asked:
What il dry farming r.
And which may be most easily, yet
enigmatically answered with:
1T Is not dry farming at all"
Dry farming 30 calledis farm
districts where irrigation water can
not be obtained or whore the supply
Of irrigation water IL inadequate to
meet the requirements Of the acreage
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03

The Chicago University professor
who says that woman is to blame for
everything ought to be ashamed at
this late date to be falling in line with
the generations of plagiarists Of Adam.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03


After having been caught in sudden
showers two or three times the intel.
ligent man learns to carry an umbrel,
la and thus bring on a protracted
drought.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03

The fine growing weather of the
last few weeks will tell on the cost of
food before long. and the story will
be of the right kind.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03

It is all right to sing and talk and
rave over the scent of the new-mown
hay, but take thought of the chaps
who have to harvest it.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03

1t Is said that the Cubans have no
love for Americans, which was to be
expected after we have done so many
favors for them.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03
TlIlIno Tia san

Prepare the Eonnd. plant the seed
till the soil and keep tilling and YOU
Will be kept busy gathering the crop
sHhsn harvest time comes
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03

Radium will not soon become a
household necessity. 1t is quoted at
$9,000,000 pound.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03

Soon areoplane accidents will be as
fashionable as appendicitis operations
were few years ago.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03

Long columns of hot weather ad-
vice are not needed. The best is the
shortest-"Keep COOL"
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03
Until the earth gets softer aero
planning is hardly likely to become as
safe sport as croquet.

This is the best month in the year
IN which to get statistics about the
kissing germs.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-03

Touch the picnic lemonade lightly.
Norwich bulletin., 1909-05-25

Mack as end men, with Victor Herbert conducting and his orchestra Of nfty accompanying the singing. this proved one of the best of the evenings many delightful features.
 The next number the Forum scene from Julius Caesar. served to bring before the footlights James O'Neili az Brutus and DeWolf Hopper as Marc Antony.
 Joe Weber and Lew Fields Recalled the
 Old Days.
 After Julius Caesar came a brief in. termissicn, then Joe Weber and Lew Fields, assisted by a company os stars. gave the old pool room speciality en- titled "A Game of Pool" which recall ed the old days and brought laughter till the tears came.
 Raymond Hitchcock as Chorus Giri.
 This was followed by After the Matinee" a song and dance. i'm which nine well known Lambs appeared as matinee girls. A sixty minute sketch written by George V. Hobart entitled Tuesday" brought the performance 10 a close. The scene depicted was a staRe at a rehearsal on the morning after a New York first night" Wilton Lack aye was the hero. Donald Brian the heroine. Digby Bell the wardrobe mis- .ress, Raymond Hitchcock the chorus girl. with thirty -se3en other stars in various roles
 David selaseo Dropped Out of the
 Clouds.
 As a climax David Beiasco droppod out of the clouds. accompanied bv thunder and lightning and a Lamb In- personating Oscar Hammerstein con Nerted the whole into grand opera into which everybody joined as the chorus