davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-11-28

From the ball of. the artificial foot. the substance is felt. toe shaped, and reinforced by a spring. The ankle joint is flexible and held to nexing shape by a cord and spring inside the wooden calf A brace strap down the shin front saves the knee from bend ing too far outward. With thigh amputa- ton and wearing a wooden leg, the wearer tips the ball and toe portion of the foot on the ground sas he swings the leg forward; the ankle joint closes, raising the heel and the friction of the shoe on the ground articu- lates the knee joint just enough to allow the foot to clear the ground and come back into position for the next step. sfl & &s
 Three Months Average Tinae.
 Ordinarily a wooden leg may be fitted within three months of an amputation which is normal in its recovery. Ordinarily, too, . person not unduly nervous. may step out and walk to car fromthe first fitting. using only a cane in place of the crutch by which he reached the saiesroom. He needs only . ilt- tie patient forbearance In allowing a little time for the amputated member to accom- modate Itself to the unaccustpmed pressure
 A good workman at the bench inlegmaking turns out a maximum of two legs 3 week. All legs are built tp order andJthe neasur- ing, fitting. and adjusting. requires time. Seyenty-five per cent of the work upon such a limb Is hand work. feQuirtnE s&he highest skill. The willow in use and known aa Eng fish willow comes largely from Maine end the northerly Atlantic coast country. It is light, snooth, and not disposed to split A wen made leg may last ten or fifteen years. owing to the care H recstyes and the extent of It's use But the sguarnptee of the best houses usually Is for five yearp. only. sr .
 Perhaps the highest devel0pment Of the artificial limb Is found in tlfe srtifcial hand, with its flexible thumb, which allow Of the holding of a cigar, pen. pencil er other small article between the thumb and fore finger. .sS The artificial leg and foot and arm and hand manufacture is on an established basis. Four or five years at the apprentices bench makes a master workman. of the worker. And especially if he has one or two wooden legs himself. they are unfortunate impedi- mentS' which make for his success at the trade.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-11-28
Hard Working Angel Get. Hi..

"WowF' says he " I'll pick out some body who will go down there an right Beans, who Is the worst clerk in the of- AceTD lac
 Remember pal. there was me, the little hardwoFking angel and all that sort of thing the kind of boy that the lightning strikes in - the books ...
 Freddy says Beans.
 The old man smiles. "Ah ha." says he 7 < I've waited long for a chance to soak that red headed Ioafer He's elected. Tell him that he Is appointed chief beef counter on the loading platform e
 Ugfll And me the hardworking angel. as I said
 Wen, was pretty much to the indigo that night, all right. Ed noticed that I'd been
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-11-28
attempt made to enlist the active support of every man?


 saa -
 Subject Viewed from New Angle.
 Now in the psst while the railroad unions have been usually conservative and the rail- road managers not bent on looking for trou- ble the relation between them has been one of armed neutrality. They have fought too many hard battles and too thoroughly tested the temper of each .other's steel to have softened their mutual respect with any gentler feeling. But this was getting at the subject from new angle-7that of mutual and enlightened selftnterest Here was a plan to keep up both dividends and wages a promising solution of asproblem which had worried both labor leaders and railroad man agers. alr
 # The conference adjourned with deter imitation to give it a fair trial. Meetings were at once held at every division point on the ., Omaha."s Each was attended by hun- dreds of men, The co0peration of every in- meant no cut in wages That was the argu- point which. struck home.
 Everybody, from general manager to sec, tion hand, had the right tb the floor at these meetings They criticised each other smart ly, but all in good temper. Omcers of the various unions presided. The general officers of the road. who attended almost in body, sat oh the floor with the rest of the work men. A freight brakeman said the station agents could save time, which means money, by having their waybiils ready and not keep ing trains waiting for them to be made out. The general claim agent pointed out that a lot could be saved in the way of damages If the agents and trainmen would be more careful in handling goods. Men from every branch of the service had suggestions to make Real enthusiasm and loyalty were a roused f..4 .. 3As.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-11-28
Employees Managers

be done by the earnest axid hearty coopera- ton of al the men employed on the line. A certain portion of the amount saved was airo due to the laying on of men and of certain freight trains. But more fthan enough re Inained to demonstrate the tremendous pos sibiNties Of the idea
 The managers of other raiiroads were quick fo re&lise itg value Patrick Henry Houla- han. who took hold al general manager of the chicaso and Alton whfIe the pan<c was years ago. at the mature age or lz. Houishan got his hrst railroad job ss . water boy out near Aurora, H. Here one begs to break the thread; Of narration long enough to re- mark that the vicinity of Chicago is the chosen breedfng and rsarihg ground Tor great railroad execufives. PerhAps there h some. thing dn the Gir; the climate, the spirit of the people. At any rate HQuiahap climbed slowly up the rairoad ladder, taxing only . single step at . time, until in January; lyO6, when all the railroad fat seemed to be in the financial fire, they nAde him boss Of the Alton. Naturally. with that long record be- hind him, Houlahap Knows and understands the individual workman in all the branches of the railroad service. He knows their methods of thinking, their weaknesses, thefr 'temptations-and their opportunities.
 Discussion Open to All. <
 The first step Houlahan took in the way of cutting down expenses was to order meet ings twice a month at every division head quarters on the system. The general mana ger himself attended these meetings as often as possible Always there were present all the division officers and as many men Of the operating force as could be spared from the work. Suggestions were Invited from everybody and the floor was open to per- fectly free discussion. The newest switch man was quite welcome to point out where. in his opinion. the division superintendent had made mistake.
 After these fortnightly meetings had been held for six months the balance sheet of the Alton for the fiscal year was prepared. It showed, as was the case with. every road, . considerable drop in gross Incomes loss of S720. .000--but at the same time running ex- penses had been cut down to the extent of s431,000 Most of. this saving had been ac- complished in the last six months, and .. great share of 1t was due to the added care and loy- alty on the part of the individual worknen. These co6perative meetings of officers and men are still kept up along the lines of the Alton.
 Having seen what the new spirit of mutual understanding and helpfulness would do on the Omaha" Mir. Gardner and his .asso-
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-11-28
By JOSEPH HOWELLS.

potential business of q, ,S25 600 a year fortle legmaker, to say nothing of the fact that the best houses guarantee e wooden leg for only five years. ;4 sre
 Cork leg was the old designation of the present day wooden leg.'' Cork once en-. tered into the mechanism of the artificial leg but as to a literal " cork leg. !" one never was made Today the average" woodealeg ? is a misnodner for the reason that it may have far more leather, rawhide, and felt entering into its competition than 1t has of the accepted English willow, of which the limb shape Is composed. .s t4 ,
 Everything in the making of the artificial leg depends upon the nature of the amputa- tion. If the knee joint is preserved, the wooden lower leg is made to articuhate at the; knee. but is attached to the thigh bone by a laced leather band. hung by straps over the shoulder or befted at the waist And even the artificial shank " portion may be half. it's length of heavy sole leather into which the stump of the leg Is accommodated. s- ,r
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-11-28

sT~--s ihen Harker took hold of the Big ! NsASf f' Northern steel works 1t was with
 NA these 'instructions from the presd- s&tY M M ddent:' The whole plant is demora- s.ssiaa % lizedsa Thes men don't do the work. dnsteadl of. an output Of 50,o00ttOhs esesteef ia monthrw sought t6sbe running 6B,0009 The
 eapacifsnas thexes Know, but utisosnethihe is wruns..a Welawant you, as Bupsrfntendento of the plant, to find out what the trouble is. remedy%it and, get the mills back ,om basis of LOO per centfe a *fsA sFfn A 2
 Harker knew only too weilswhat this task
 meant. He enalgo knew the reception fin. store for him If. he failed. He bade the prestaent' good morning, and went out into the mills
 to take his, new position andstos conquer san obstacle which had baffled apparently wisers heads than his. tt Tssas4;tre |; !. The new superintendent had come pp through the franks of steel, makers. eHis, first job in..the plant was that of cinder
 shoveler, the most menial job in the works.
 with a salary of IS cents an hour attached.
 Prom there he had gone to the open hearths,
 the blast furnaces, billet mills, power houses,
 foundries and all the other. departments of , the irnilHsa He was one of the men. In that
 big asteslammhufaetoryw who kneg the bpsineS4
 er0m tfs sfounadup., He had worked with, tbea znen1 SsisS make steel. had been one of 4hhan, had taken the; rebuffs and knocks which come to man in a big steel plant. whether he does his work or not. ,.ns,
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-11-28
Leg Making Work of Expert.

To accommodate the stump of the member Is the most delicate of the work of the leg maker A cast of this stump Is made in plas- ter of paris, but even here knowledge of the sensitive portions of the stump must be known from the point of view of the anato- mist. The whole idea of the cast is to ad- just evenly and comfortably the pressure on the stump, caused by the weight of it's DOT tfon of the body And to make this adjust nient comfortable, any bony structure near to skin and carrying nerves close to the sur face, must be relieved by putting more pres sure upon the f1eshy portions of the member.
 Wherever a stump is'sufhciently long to be accommodated at all, 1t Is fitted into this sole leather socket, adjusted anat0mically for ease and comfort of the wearer. But the leather and the wood are so joined and re- inforced that an expert manufacturer scarce ly may determine the spot. This is accom- plished by glueing thin rawhide over the whole limb, shrinking 1t on, and by sand papering and polishing and covering with enamel. .effectually obliterating every indi- cation. of it's component materials.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-11-28
proiit. Suffer severe crinp..

When the panic came the steel trust and other great corporations. of which the rail roads were the largest customers, refused. as a matter of business policy, to lower their prices. Taxes of all kinds staid at their high, levels And all over the country new legis- lation had put further and severe crimps into railroad profits. :;
 This, then. was the situation:
 A great chunk was suddenly and violently cut out of the revenues of the railroads. The cost of necessary supplies was kept up at the old prices. IL was possible to make slight reduction in expense by laying off men. But enough must be kept to keep the whole plant running and In order There seemed to be nothing to do but to cut wages all along the line. That was the only factor which the railroads were able to control. And re- trenchnent was absolutely necessary. Fur thermore. cut in wages probably meant q strike Most of the trainmen on the roads west of Chicago had just been given a 10 per cent increase in wages: The trainmen east of Chicago were just ready to present their claims for a similar increase when the panic struck. They were in no mood to
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-11-28

ciates determined to try something of the sAne Kind oyer the whole great system qf the Chicago and Northwestern rAilroad. The operating of1cers' association, composed of some fifty keen and alert men who have charge of the executive work on the sys- tenn, was set tp studying the situation. The problem was dinicult one. for the North
 western operates thousands of miles of track, employs tens of thousands of men and sprawls its length over dozen states. It was finally decfded to use the associations of station Agenks oh each division of the sys- tenn as centsrs. of the new propaganda-
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-11-28

Take the matter of wages; in 1891 the rail- road men of the country were paid $465, ,000.- 900. In 1907 their earnings were much over $1.0OoOO0.o 900. ss
 . When, after those fat years of prosperity and expansion, the panic struck the coun- try the railroads--as is always the case-felt it more severely than any other line of busi- ness manufacturer may weather hard times by cutting down his force, working j only threesdays a week. shutting down his plant entirely If that seems necessary. A railroad must run seven days a week; It may lay off men, but it must always keep plenty to move the freight trafnc and keep Its passenger trains running on schedule. To shut down It's plant for . day would mean in-i stant forfeiture of its charter
 The manufacturer. with all his plant safe ly housed, may walt with what patience he can, until the return. of public confidence makes 1t profitable to:resume, knowing that his loss from deterioration will be small. Most of the railroads plant Is out,of doors. exposed to all the destructive force of the weather Rails and steel bridges rust as fast in hard times as in good; unless m en are kept constantly at work the roadbed runs down as quickly in . panic as in q boom year. Idle freight cars standing out on the tracks in wind and rain and snow deteriorate almost as rapidly as when they are filled and being rushed about the country.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-11-28
Clew to Problem Found.

Harkery through long observation at close touch, thought he knew where the trouble lay. butehe wanted to be sure before mak- ing his final report to the president of the company He performed his duties as su- perintendent as only a man who is intimate
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-11-28
rir,s Month Show. Big Gain.

The first month after the. meetings were held the fuel bill of the :. Omaha" " was S.00O less than it had, been the month previous. The total saving in all operating expenses reached the large sum of $160, 900 in single month. And, it should be remembered, the Omaha l" had been before that time an ex- tremeiy well managed and profitable road. The great savings made did not represent the cutting on of any unusual and reckless waste It was simply an illustration Of what could
The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-11-28
Legss Worker Business Asset He Is He Makes Wooden Legs

HEN through some accident some worlds worker suffers amputation of a leg or both legs. flis sympa- thizers feel that in large measure his field of usefulness is spofled. Did
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1909-07-15

shat Il eOgsndersd by lax divorce
laws. Whom God hath ioiaed 10
gesher, let DO m an put asanier. The
Bible gives abe only real. ifs'd cause
tor an absolute divorce The minis
ters al Chriss can do - greAs deal 10
wards stopping the frequency OF d.
vorce. No seli-res2ecting minister
should solemnizs any marriage where
one or both oi the parties have been
divorced. save and except when that
divorce WAS granted for tha cause
and reason given and allowed in the
Bible. 90 course shers may be- and
there are exceptions in this master
as there are in all Others, for no vow
should be like unto those OF "the
Modes and Persiahs. which altereth
uot
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1909-07-15
MANN LETTERS TO MALONE

The Mann letters 60 Gen. Malone.
" hIch have been - wildly DISCUSSED. ARE
~ iollOws
Nottoway c. A.. Va Jan. 2O. 1880.
Gen Wm. Malone.
Dear Sir: intended going To your
house cn Thursday and as,,ia ''n Friday
night. bot on each occaSiop hal company
my self. and was so deprived al tile pleas
ure 81 seeing you during my brit stay In
the city. / did SO and have - talk with
Gen Boiling. and know s3tn-thiog of
your plans from him. aed write now TO
say that. ~ hils much prrisrriuy that you
should be our governor. shall. nvverthe-
less nj doe in your -ls-cti IA 10 the
senate ~ the United State. - which
position haze no doubt you Will b.
speedily chosen by the legislature about
to a-sefnbe
talkel VITA II. n. Dyson. OF this
county. aid Arrher Scott. our Rspresen-
fntiv-. p--si,us TO the election. and
inund them ne stiavorably inclined 10
you personally. And on Thursday morn
log last / again saw Dyson. who Is the
head and front OF the Republican party
la this county, and who elected both
Scott and Williams. aud he thought
thes would support you. This, however,
i no news. because ID sln told me he
had seen you. n I can be 81 any service
IN you In this section Il will be cheerful ,
rendered.
Most respectfully aud truly.
lSign ID W II. Mann
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1909-07-15
HE MANR-MAHONE LEIIERs
cOmmsnis On Thsm Ffom Iva OH, -sni Stand
polHtS.

Col James Mann, cAmpsikl manager
Tor Judge Mann, gave out this statement
In reference to the zen. Malone letter.:
Judge Mann's friends do not feel that
the letters published yesterday " IN have
any adverse effect upon the judges eau
didaey Tor the gubernatOrialn nomination.
The letters when elalyzed meaa only
this: That 3Oyears ago Judge Mann was
the friend OF man who P'tsrwards left
the Democratic party.
These letters were written 80 years
ago, and at time when Gen. Malone
was still a Democrat. The general as
sembly was elect d entirely upon the
debt question, the fight being between
readlusters and the iunder.. A large
majority Of both the readjusters aud
funders were Democrats
The best ey ldenee as TO how Gen
Malone was then regarded politically IN
Virginia i'll be found IN the fact that in
the election for the Senate at that see
sion OF the Legislature Gen. Malone re-
eeived In the senate IL Democratic votes
and Senator Withers l3. aud IN the house
Gen. Malone n .eived ~ Democratic
votes To 40 Tor Senator Withers, making
totei of 60 for Malone and 53 for
Nithers. In other words eliminating the
read uster- Republicans, Gen Malone re
csived majority OF the Democratic
votes in both the house and the senate
Read In the light OF contemporary h,s-
tory, the letters show only that Judge
Mann was then Gen. Mahone's personal
friend and well Hlsher. Neither Judge
Mann nor any one else anticipated the
future political attitude oiGen. Malone. "
Capt. Richard 5. Ker. mans ger Of MIR
fuckers campaign. had this to say:
1t scenes to me that the Malone.
Mann letters speak for themselves In No
uncertain tone. Personally, do not care
to comment on them. 10 seems TO be the
consensus OF opinion of others that read
In the light OF the memory OF the ex
treme-bitterness OF the lS79-SO contest
It " ~ produce a decided revp sion of feel
ing among those who have been inclined
To view with approval Judge Mann's dec
iarations OF constant and unisltei "a
democracy"
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1909-07-15

n the Clerks office of the Circuit court
of the county of King George on the
18th day Of July, 1909 BENJAMIN G.
Grymes, plaintiff, against G. w Ten.
nent, trustee; K. L. Owens, sheriff. AID
ministrator Of Raleigh Stuart. deceased.
Lewis A. Stuart, Ada Mullins. Anna
stuart, MedOra Stuart, Julian stuart.
Geo. Brown, Kate Stuart and w. A.
stuart, defendants. Petition in chancery.
The object Of this petition Is the sub
stitution OF a trustee 10 "a certain deed of
trust executed By Raleigh Stuart and
vile to q. W. Tennent, trustee, to secure
To Benjamin G. Grymes the payment Of
a certain note, made by Raleigh Stuart
and wife and payable TO the said Benjn-
min Grymes. And an affidavit having
been made and filed that the defendants
are not residents of the State OF Virginia,
1t Is ordered that they do appear here
within fifteen days after due publication
hereof, and do what may be necessary
To protect their interest in this suit. And
IL IL further ordered that copy hereof
be published once a week for four weeks
in The Free Lance a newspaper publish
ed in the city of Fredericksburg, Va t,
and that n copy be posted at the front
door OF the courthouse OF this county on
the 10th day of July, 1908. that being
the next Succeeding Monday after this
order was entered.
A copy-Teste:
e. l.. Hunter, Clerk.
Thos l.. Hunter, y. q. il5w4w
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1909-07-15
EVELYN THAW
STANDS BY HARRY
EeT Testimony Creates FAVOR
able Impression For Him.
WOULDN'T ANSWER QUESTIONS

Attempt 70 Make Her Admit Tha~
Had Threatened to XIII Her Fsils
Feared Going to Jail For Contempt
Says Husband Is Not Paying Her
Anything.
White Plains. \. Y, July 1A-Eve
Ign Nesbit rhaw. as pretty as ever
petulent aud school girlish. and dress
cd In the familiar blle which she AZ
fected 50 much during the trial OF
her husband. Harry X. ThAw. for the
murder OF stanford White. was on the
stand for more than an hour before
Justice Mills IN the supreme court
subPoenaed by the state in its fight
70 keep Thaw Ia the asylum for the
criminal insane at MatteawaE.
And though called by the state in ar
endeavor To prove Harry Thaw IRA
tional what Roger Clarke. the deputy
attorney general drew from her lips
created rather a favorable impression
for her husband
Refused TO Answer Questions.
Upon the ultimate outcome of Eve
Ign Thsws testimony the states fight
largely rests Mr. Clarke tried hard
TO get her TO admit that Thaw hat
threatened her life when she visited
him on one occasion after his com
uitment 10 Matteawan. but. turning
appealinSiy TO tho court she repeat
eddy refused 20 answer his questions
and after clash between counsel
Justice Mills ruled that he would hold
the COME rss,iOn in which the threat
was supposed 70 have been made q
confidential one between husband Rnc
wife. and therefore privileged unit
the state presented proof 10 show thai
Daniel O'Reiliy. the New York lawyer
who was present at the time. was not
then acting as counsel FOR both Mr.
and Mrs Thaw. This Deputy Attorney
General Clarke promised 20 DO. anc
Mrs. Thaw was excused after identi
flying a number OF papers in her hus
bands Handwriting
At one time when the fencing over
the admiss!hility % the questions ask
ed Mrs Thaw was under discussion
she turned 60 Justice Mills and said
VIII ] be- IN contempt II I don't an
swer? / cannot afford 10 10 TO Jail
and as my husband is not now pSying
anything 10 me I have not money
enough 20 hire COUNSEL"
Thaw watched his wife inteutly
while she was on the witness stand
but did not appear 20 be perturbed
by her presence
Favorable Testimony For Thaw.
Perhaps the most favorable BIT OF
testimony Tor Thav was that OF Frank
Toomey. HIS bodyguard for five or 81,
months al MAtteawan. He said that
Thaw had exhibited no irrational ten
denotes during that time.
The states representatives, announ
ced that they had retained Dr. Austin
Flint and Or. Charles b. Macdonald
who. with DR.. Amos y. Baker. Of Mat
teawan. will make up the states trio
OF alienists along lines agreed upon by
counsel. Thaw's counsel had not de
cided what alienists 10 call. II was
agreed that the states alienists art
TO be permitted 20 make a physical ex
animation Of Thaw in the Whit,
Plains Jail The mental examination
20 test his sanity is TO be co conducte,
In open court by the lawyers propteS
by the experts.