Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1909-02-22
a MoNG the important classes of


farmer what stock of goods
is to a merchant. He cannot keep
drawing on 1t forever without putting
something back. Ordinary crops take
plant food from the store In the soil
This must be replaced in some way.
Legumes. on the other hand, leave the
soil richer rather than poorer.
IL you will examine the roots of
clover plant carefully you will notice
numerous little swellings about the
size of pin heads or a little larger.
These are called nodules and are the
home OF certain bacteria. These bac
terra are minute one celled plants SO
small that thousands Of them can hang
on the point OF pin. We shall study
some of the different classes Of bac-
term In detail later. The ones that
live on the roots Of legumes have the
air into form In which 1t can be used
by the plants.
When clover stubble is plowed under
the nitrogen which is contained in the
stems and roots Is added to the soil
and can be used by the following crop.
Where the soil Is badly lacking In
nitrogen and humus it sometimes pays
to plow under the entire crop Of clover.
The nitrogen which leguminous
plants add to the soil is by no means
the only benefit which comes from
their use. Nearly all of them have a
long taproot, which forces It's way
down into the soil far below the depth
reached by the roots Of ordinary crops.
Alfalfa roots sometimes go down as
deep as thirty feet or more. Much OF
the plant food used by the crop is
brought up from this lower layer Of
soil, and some of 1t is left In the upper
soil when the roots and stubble decay.
The passage Of the long roots through
the soil also loosens 1t, and when they
decay add to the humus supply. Thus
the physical condition Of the soil is SO
improved that the more tender roots
Of such crops as corn can penetrate
It readily. Because Of these facts
corn, potatoes md almost any other
crop will grow faster and give a con-
siderably larger yield on a field which
has grown lesume the year previous.
The principal legumes IRE alfalfa,
clover, cowpeas and soy beans. AL
falfa is grown most successfully west
Of the Missouri river, although by no
means confined entirely to that local
ity. 1t requires some care to get
"a ,Jf oJp "a hnc
a soil that Is somewhat sandy and
should never be sown on soil where
the water table is liable to stand for
any length Of time within three feet
from the surface. "Wet feet" will Kill
alfalfa quicker than anything else.
{ AS general rule the best time to
SOW alfalfa is early in the full. The
ground should be put In the best pos
sible filth, and If MANFRED before SOW
ing the seed the chances of success
are considerably increased. The seed
should be sown at the rate OF about
fifteen pounds per acre. A light har-
rowing will cover it sufficiently. If
the young plants weather the first
winter successfully, the critical time is
past. The advantages Of alfalfa over
clover are its higher feeding value and
greater yields. 1t can often be cut
three or four times in season, with
yield of from one to two tons per
cutting. Alfalfa must always be cut
as soon as, about one-tenth OF the
plants are in bloom; otherwise the
vitality is weakened and the yield Of
the succeeding crops reduced.
There are several varieties of clover,
Of which medium red is the most wide