davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

perfectly sure that the loaded fork or
sling clears with the coarsest. hay, the
door is safer made IL by 10 feet
where the dimensions of the barn will
permit this. "a
Where the barn has a hip roof and,
its width is SO or more feet, the doors
may be made to roll aside on an over
head track, as represented in illustra.
ton, where the door is made IN two
sections sec These doors could also be-
hung tfl ll inside hinges and made to swing
out. So, too, could they be made to
TON aside on the inside of the barn,
u II this were thought to be more de,
sirable.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19
SCIENTIFIC CULTURE
Dry Farmer Does Not Raise
Crops Without Water.
Great Difficulty with Which Asri
cuIturist in semi.Arid Regions Has
to Contend is Lack of Moist
ure When Needed.

While the term dry farming has
| taken root so firmly that it seems i'm
! probable that any other name will
ever be applied to farming the lands
| of the semi-arid region without irriga
II. d. Campbell-"the father of dry
farming strenuously objects 1T
means nothing says he, lit stands
for nothing but farming in dry coun-
try and trusting to Providence for
results" From this it must not be in
ferred that Mr.. Campbell puts little
trust in Providence But he does be-
lieve that faith without work is a
poor crop producer. Not only does he
believe in work, but that work must
be intelligent. 1t must be. performed
at the right time, in the right way,
with full understanding Of the rea-
sons for every step. Hence he prefers
to call it scientific soil culture
The dry farmer $50 called) does not
farm without water as some have
expressed it. II he is a follower of
the Campbell system he uses as much
water as any farmer in humid regions
or even in irrigation districts. He
differs from the hap-hazard plains
farmer, from the irrigation farmer and
from the farmer in regions in which
the rainfall is abundant, simply in
the particular that he has learned how
to make use of water He has learned
q lesson that all ether farmers ought
to learn. If the irrigation farmer
would learn it, he would save the half
or three-fourths oil his expense for wa
ter and the reservoirs now construct
ed would suffice for two or three times
as much land as at present. If the
farmer in humid regions would learn
1t his crops would be insured against
drought (Which sometimes comes. even
In the most favorable places and in
normal seasons his harvest would be
much greater. The principles of scien-
tific soil culture are universal
Throughout the semi-arid region they
must be applied or failure is inev-
liable. In other regions they may be
neglected and certain measure of
success yet be attained, but if they
were applied everywhere the rewards
of the farmer would be far greater.
The great difficulty with which the
farmer in the semi-arid region has to
contend is the lack of moisture at the
time his crops need it. The rainfall
even though it be but ten or twelve
inches-is sufficient if it would come
at the right time. Sometimes it does.
and then the farmer who follows the
methods of humid regions
rejoices in good crops. More often
it does not, with the consequence of
crops ranging anywhere from fairly
good to total failures. depending upon
just how untimely the rains fail.
Under such conditions farming is a
hazardous speculation and the usual
fate OF spectators is ruin. II is the
claim OF the opponents OF scientific
soil culture that the element of risk
can be almost entirely removed; that
no matter at what time the rains
come, their moisture can be stored
in the soil, where it will be available
for plant growth whenever needed.
80 that prolonged drought need never
cause disaster.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19


fail in having his crop of flower buds
ready to open each spring than that
the nurseryman should fail to have
a crop of salable trees ready to sup
ply his patrons.
The conception of the bud as unit
of production is not wholly new.
though it will be new to many Amere.
lean fruit growers. In Europe the
fruit tree has long been cultivated
more or less from the standpoint of
the bud. But the pottering methods
Of training and trying fruit trees
practiced in European gardens are
impracticable in our land Of high
priced labor and extensive culture.
And yet the bud standpoint is un.
questionably the correct one. What.
then. can we do? We must make an
economical compromise between their
slow and tedious methods and happv.
go-lucky no-system Wemust find wav
of pruning trees so as to better control
thegrowth and to place the buds more
on an equal footing as regards light
and space
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19
PROSPERITY OF THE FARMER
Three Times as Much Corn Raised
This Year as in 18e6-Greater
Than Bumper Crop Of 'o6.

This year we shall raise 5000, O00,-
| 600 bushels of corn. 1t Is hard to
realize what that means, says writer
in Success Magazine. 1t is harvest
greater even than the bumper crop of
1906. These 3,OOO,O00,000 bushels will
be worth to the farmer over billion
and a half of dollars, or over three
times as much as the corn was worth
in 1906. Last year the value of all
farm products in the United States
was almost eight billions of dollars;
this year it will be over eight billions.
This is more than the entire wealth
of America in 1850. In 1850 the farms
of the United States were worth less
than four billions, to-day they are
worth twenty-eight billions. Every
day the farms of the country are
worth s3,400,000 more than they were
worth the day before.
1t is good thing for the people at
large that the farmers are getting
their share of the general increase in
wealth. The $S,o0O,OOO,OOO that they
get each year amounts to only $500
apiece when distributed over all the
farmers and farm laborers in the
country. But the per capita amount
is growing and is bound to grow still
more.
During the next 20 years we are
going to see a great revolution in
farming. Agriculture is to be more in
telligent and more intense, new plants
are to be introduced, better use is to
be made of the land, and an acre will
produce twice as much as it now pro-
duces. The benefit of this new pro-
duction should not be monopolized by
railroads, elevator companies and har-
vester trusts. 1t should go to- the far
mers and to the people, and it should
show itself in better food, clothing
and housing and in more widespread
education for the great mass of us.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19
POULTRY NOTES.

Latner eggs every day and when a
new nest is found keep those separ.
ate from the freshly gathered ones
Have your buyer test them and pay
what they are worth. This will not
lower the value of good eggs.
Keep out small and double yolked
eggs to use at home. The very small
eggs bring a lower price in the mar.
ket and the objection to the double
yolked ones is that they break easily
in shipping.
Two hundred and forty egg" hens
are scarce and probably always will
be. They produce but few that come
up to their standard. Sometimes the
fault is on the part of the male.
Hatch ducks by incubator or use q
chicken hen,
Keep a supply Of copperas water
where the fowls can obtain 1t.
Keep down the weeds and grass
where the small chicks must 70, u
It is better to begin the. poultry
business in the fall than In the
spring. Beginners should remembe,
this.
Give the poultry houses heavy
coat Of whitewash. This Is one Of the
best treatments for lice aid mites.
Orange boxes make excellent nests
They are cheap and can be burned IN II
IL you are SO neglectful as to allow
them to become lousy.
One rooster Is sIficient for ten 81
twelve hens or puHets.
Vegetables 4nf some kind should be
fed the poultry the year round; cab
bage, potatoes, beets. turnips, etc.
Ash IS the mineral portion of NOS,
feeding stufts, and IL used largely ii
|Smaksing bones, eggshells, etc 81
The man who said the best poultr,,
amen ION the farms are women, knew
what he was talking about.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19
DRY FARMING is HARD WORK
There Is No Mystic Spell to Produce
Plant Life in Semi-Arid Dis
tricta-Labor Needed.

In high attitudes. with 10 to IA
inches precipitation utilized under al
ternate or biennial systems, every
crop possible of production under irri-
cation is profitably grown without IT.
rigation.
With precipitation of Is to "a
inches, many farmers in high alti-
tudes are cropping annually.
Then again, many farmers under all
OF the above named conditions are
failing continually.
Bankers fail when they refuse to
bank along legitimate lines.
Merchants fail when they attempt
to conduct their business without due
regard for the requirements of their
trade.
Farmers fail in every part of the
world and under the most favorable
conditions unless they endeavor to
educate themselves into the methods
necessary for their particular soil, eli
mate and markets.
Dry farming demands unceasing la
Dor. There is no mystic spell to pro-
duce plant life in semi-arid district.
The price of success is Woodwork
work-and the expenditure of energy
enough to meet the immediate require
ments of each section of land and
each crop.
An "easy-going" farmer should not
attempt dry farming, neither should a
man who is financially unable to pur-
chase the necessary machinery and to
support himself while transforming
his farm from the time-hardened prai,
rie to productive field.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19
VARIED USES OF THE EGG
Hen Produces One of the Most De,
licious McrseIs to the HUI
man Palate.

The uses of the egg are varied. AS
a food it is unexcelled.- The invalid
and the strong use the egg without
question as to its high nutritive quail
tiles, and it has never yet been sue
cessfully substituted or adulterated.
Eggs vary greatly in flavor and
quality. Undesirable flavors may be
detected in the egg after feeding the
hens heavily on foods Of strong or
high flavor. If fed in sufficient guam
tity. beef scrap will give an odor to
the egg. 1t is important that no beef
scraps should be fed except of good
quality. Onions will give an undesir.
able flavor in the egg, and If suf-
ffcient quantity be eaten by the hen
the eggs will be unfit for use. Ii
It has been shown that certain
foods affect the color of the egg; feed.
Ing alfalfa literally will give yolks Of
high color.
The size of the egg is Influenced by
factors under the control of the poul.
tryman. Eggs from fowls having free
range where worms, insects and green
food were obtained weighed more
than eggs from similar hens kept in
small yards. ...s
Eggs for the fancy market should
weigh not less than % ounces per
dozen, with quality and color unob-
|jectionable. The color of the she'll Is
immaterial, though in some markets
the white shell egg and in others the
brown shell egg brings the higher
price. There is no difference. how
ever. in quality between the brown
shell and the white shell egg.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19
FARMING WITH LITTLE RAIN
Fundamental Ideas Are the Storage
of Limited Rainfall in the Soil
to Raise Crops.
By Prof. ]. D. Tinsley. Soil Physicist and
Field Expert. New Mexico Elk

By Prof. J. d. Tinsey. Soil Physicist and
Field Expert. New Mexico Elk
pertinent Stauon)
| Dry farming is a term which has
been introduced in recent years to
designate an agricultural method diff
fering from the production of crops
by an abundance of rainfall and by
irrigation. This farming with a limit
ed rainfall, while having become wide
| ly known only within the last few
years, is not a new thing in New Mex
| leo, for in certain sections the In
dians and Mexicans have practiced it
for a long time, especially with corn
| and beans. The Indians usually Sc
lect the sandy land at the mouths Of
arroyos and thus take advantage of
the natural mulehing of the sand
and the irrigation from the flood
waters of the arroyos. The Mex
lean name of it is temporal farm
ing. to distinguish it from farming by
irrigation. Dry farming conditions
range from the conditions found in
humid climates to those where the
rainfall is so small that only an &C
casional crop can be obtained. The
fundamental ideas of dry farming are
the storage of the limited rainfall in
the soil and the growing of those va
rieties OF crops which can mature with
minimum amount OF water. 1t does
not at all imply the growing of crops
without water There are two prin-
cipal cropping methods depending on
the amount OF rain; that OF growing
a crop every year and that of only
planting once in two years, saving
the moisture from the first to assist
the crop during the Second season.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19
HORTICULTURAL NOTES

n vi
Lettuce is soothing to the nerves
Sulphur is an ingredient Of celery !.
eating the plant helps keep of rheu-
,matism. ::S1@ i
Making ground around the pear
trees too rich invites blight. 81 Wood
ashes are the best fertilizer for the
Raising rl peaches s;ases has been discour.
aging business for the last four years.
put It's getting time for things to turn.
me apple shippers. associations es:s
innate OF the apple crop for 1909 is.
], ABOUT ten per cent. greater yield than
Inc small orchard is, as a general
thing, most sadly neglected. A little
pains will; bring these orchards into
profitable production. is;.i;s
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

- dACuoI ~ III place.
In planting we remove most of the
leaves and cut back the roots to two
or three inches, almost converting the
plant into bulb. Removing the
leaves diminishes the demand for wa.
ter while new roots are being sent
out, and shortening the roots encour.
ages the plant to send out new ones
from the crown, which it often fails
to do if the old ones are not cut back.
Further, a plant with shortened roots
is much easier to plant properly.
The strawberry may be grown on
any well-drained soil OF average fertil-
lty unless it contains much lime. If
fairly rich it is not necessary to an.
ply much plant food. would not use
any fresh stable manure except as a
winter covering, writes NJ Crawford
in Garden Magazine. Nor should it be
used then if the bed is to be kept
over another year. 1t will not only
bring in weeds, but will produce
rank growth that is very liable to
rust.
The preparation of the soil is an i'm
portant matter. 1t may be plowed
to the depth of a foot, but in
no case would l bury the good
soil under more than an inch or two
of poor subsoil. 1t should be made
fine and firm as deep as it is plowed.
The hardest clay with four inches of
the surface made fine, and that below
unbroken, will produce a better crop
;-
foot and only four inches pulverized.
Hollow places underneath are to be
avoided always, for the strawberry
plant will not bloom if its roots get
into hole. A. T. Goldsborough Of
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19
DOOR IN GABLE OF STABLE
Several Ways Of Arranging Entrances
to Permit Reception of Hay
One Method.

There are several ways of arranging
doors in the gable end of a barn to
permit the use OF a hayfork. Where
the hay is removed from the load with
sings, the door must have a width
nearly equal to that of the load itself,
and in the diagrams the door is repre-
scented as IL feet wide by II feet high,
says Country Gentleman. To make
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19
Wee,d...

Certain weeds are prevalent in. alf-
alta fields The chief ones are dod-
der. sweet clover. Russian thistle and
squirrel-tail grass. One Of these, dod-
der. is q parasite on the alfalfa. The
others are ali pernicious because they
occupy space that should produce sal-
falfa. Isl
Dodder. or .'loye-vine.', terminates
3 from seed and the young plant, when
of sufficient height. entwines itself
about the alfalfa stem and then be-
comes disconnected from It's own root
and thencefcrth feeds upon the alfalfa
, plant. II
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

careful TO see that the flap turns u
ifar. enough 70 close the opening in the
slb O half way up the bag. Pick
APPLES ~ pears. etc. and put in. this re-.
ceptacle. being careful not to brnise
the fruit When the bag is full lat i
down " your barrel (or box in which
you are packing the fruit. unh,, rev
..ne nap. and pull gently outward This
s la!s me fruit into the barrel ana ~
ssXoaas nruising, It's an easy proc roc
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19
VALUE OF THE FRUIT TREES
Treat Them So as to Obtain the
Largest Number of Buds-
Unit of Production.

We have been accustomed to regard
the fruit tree as the unit of production
in the orchard. But the tree is com,
posite and intricate organism. 1t is
more just and tends to simplify our
conception of the proper methods of
treating the orchard to consider the
bud as the unit of production, says
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

pldulS duQ ny SuaQ.
ing and watering.
The plant is ma
ture at the close
of the growing sea.
son, and remains
dormant q during
the winter. Its
leaves serve to
protect the crown
and hold the snow,
a n d 1t 8 roots
On u
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

opening of a grain
or gunny sack Sc
curely around the
rim Il; Cut the bot
tom out Of the
sack and turn up
2 Hap Then make
but tt in the
flap and sew a
strong button well
up on the side Of,
s. thu 49, fai
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

The postal authorities at Washing
ton have ruled that mail carrier Is
not obliged to deliver mall where
vicious dogs are kept. and that owners
q such animals must call at the post
ONCE fer what is coming to them.
That seems to be an equitable deci.
sion. Uncle Sam is under NO obliga.
ton to provide mali carriers as It'd.
bits for savage CANNES.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

An authority in a western university
declares that too much prosperity al.
lows students TO buy motor cars, and
that their studies suffer in conse-
quence- BE apparently holds that
work and a taste Of hardship will keep
e check the natural propensity OF the
average student to get into mischief.
no one can deny that a speeding car
Y terrible incentive TO the fast life.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

5ss.3s The Belgian concesslonalres in the
Congo are suing missionaries for al
legged libelous statements about cruel
sty to the natives. il the trials are
fair. they ought to afford a good way
of bringing out the truth about this
much-mooted point.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

Spain has a war abroad and a re-
bellion at home, which is enough to
make her unfortunate government
walk Spanish. At least, this is the
pleasant prospect If they do not win
the war and put down the rebellion.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

The sultano Morocco is writing to
the powers that he is afraid Spain has
Interior motives and that the powers
might as well look into the matter.
Which shows that these oriental bar
3barians have caught the infection Of
some European diplomacy In the way
OF slyly arousing international jeal.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19
PICK AND PACKING APPLES
Simple Matter to Do 1t Without Rruis.
ing Them with Use Of Device
Easily Made.

How to pick and pack apples with
out bruising them is a question that
we can solve fer, you, says Farm and
Fireside. This simple little bag is
the answer, and it is a very, very EASY
bag to make.
Take the handle and rim OF
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

Some day the world will really
come to an end, and it will be just the
luck of those prophets not to be on
the Job at the time
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

Actors are said to be scarce in New
York, but as this is the open season
for decayed vegetables and aged hen
fruit, there's a reason"
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

The annual average loss of property
by fire In Germany, Austro, Hungary.
Italy. France. Denmark and switzer
land is about SO cents per capita. In
the United States It is s2l47 year
The only consolation for Americans
- such figures and 1t isn't very sen.
Ssible--is the fact that they have more
per capita, than the Europeans to
burn,
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

With 1000 Immigrants coming in
one day New York may have to put
upper stories on its parks for lode,
ing places.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

1t is high time a stop was put to
those Spanish swindles. and it is also
high time that Americans grew too
wise to be caught by them.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

People continue to fall victims to
the, Spanish prisoner swindle. That
is what they get for not reading the
newspapers
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19
PLANT STRAWBERRY ANY TIME
Plant lie Mature at Close Of GROWING
Season, and Remains Dor
:nant During Winter.

skillful growers can plant straw
berries at any time by using ported
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

From impending lawsuits 1t is evil
dent that all persons who wear wings
are not angels.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

1t will not be long before the sight
of farmers coming to the city in au
tos will be SO familiar as to escape
comment
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

There are mighty few idle mills
and factories in this country now.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19
Demand for Hue kileberries.

Demand for HUG ieberries.
The garden huckleberries viii
grow and do well where tomatoes
VIII grow and they are just Is easy
70 grow as tomatoes, and there is a.
ways Z ready market for them.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

Here and there French aeronaut
succeeds very we'll without the aid of
queer-looking whiskers
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

One woman says that she stole two
shirt waists because she was hungry.
Still, shirt waists are not very tooth
some.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

Chicago has some fine skyscrapel
roofs which should look attractive to
aspiring aeroplane operators.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

1t is gambling when you lose and
speculation when you win. There is
no other difference.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-19

Merit and perseverance win except
in government land lottery.