davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-08-28
BY s. c. MILLER.

In tho raising of cattle it IS neccs-
sary 10 have clearly defined standards
before the eyes of the mind. a stand
ard is Il mental picture of what the
breeder desires. Without such stand
ard all breeding viii be without an oh
jcct and Will generally attain to MOTH
Ing OF Importance
Tho country is full OF cattle breeders
who have no standard They buy and
sell any kind OF cows and breed TO any
handy They have done more to pull
down standards than to bring them up.
They have had standards brought be-
fore them, but have not adopted any.
IL their children go on breeding as
their fathers arc breeding they VIII not
make any progress In thousand years
of effort.
The standard Of tho breeder of fancy
cattle is not the same as the standard
of the breed OF animals for the butch
cr Each must have Al standard OF MS
own. The breeder of animals to be
sold at 4 high price for breeding AMI
mails must have a standard before his
eyes that has already been set by the
cattle judges The nearer his animals
come to that standard the higher VIII
bc the prices they will bring,
All the animals that sell AT high
prices at tho great auction sales are
those that como close to the Ideal
standard of perfection established by
the judges Most OF the high hprlced
animals have taken prizes at tho great
shows Some beef bulls have been held
at $4,000 because in the great COM
peutivc contests they won. ilrst place.
The breeder of fancy stock must
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-08-28
INDIVIDUAL PEDlGAEES
Not Very Difficult to Obtain Ac-
curately and Are Valuable in
Building UP the Flock.
BY w. r. GILBERT.

The Importance OF the iambing sea-
son to the stud sheep breeder cannot
be overestimated. for as year succeeds
year 1t IS becoming more and moro cvi-
dent that the full individual pedigrees
are being required In Increasing num-
bers Tor sheep that are sold for breed
ing.
1t is said by many that II is almost
impossible to get the correct pedigree
of the lambs. This. however, has been
proved over and over again Go be n fall
lacy. for their arc many nocks scattered
throughout this country In which the
full individual pedigree OF each sheep
is recorded.
To say there is no trouble attached
to it would be wrong. but TO say that
the trouble entailed Is insurmountable
Is equally wrong, All that Is necessary
is that proper arrangements should be
made for the work. and If these ar
rangcmcnts arc made Il Will surprise
many To find how little time and trou-
bio Is necessary.
An hour or so I'm the largest Gocks
each morning viii suffice TO make the
necessary entries and 70 do the mark
Ing of the lambs.
The return FOR this littlc trouble is
great as it places upon record the
produce OF each individual in the HocR.
IL gives Il record of the result OF mat
ing OF the dimorcnt sires. it enables
thc flock owner TO trace out with Ger
tauty the result OF the making OF diC-
fcrent strains of blood and it shows
conclusiyeiy the value not only of the
different slres used, but also OF the In
divdual ewes OF the flock
In another manner 1t is valuable be-
cause it Is u check upon the shepherd,
providing record OF the number OF
lambs produced and the number
reared
1t enables many good cwc TO he
kept on as a breeder and records the
evidence as 10 whether ewes or strains
arc twin breeders or single lamb
breeders
The carly laNb in the ram breeders
nock is extremely valuable. particulars
~ In nocks where showing is largely
pract'ced and owing 10 thc closer attcn-
ton that has boon rivon to the age of
lambs it Is essential that all who are
exhibitors of lambs should bc able To
place. without question. the actual date
Of the birth OF their lambs on the en-
try form.
Al who arc breeders OF stud sheep
must be prepared to fulnl the require
meTts OF that trade. Some. perhaps.
may well say there Is no other require
mcnt for this trade than that which
they can already give. but tho day is
not far distant when the minimum re-
quircments OF pedigree In some. II not
all. OF Tho importing countries will be
thc sire. the dam and her sire.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-08-28
pY n. 2. RUSHING.

The best method naNc ever tried is
picking into baskets. THESE baskets
should be about heif -bushel round
baskets with drop handles.
The baskets should b. smooth on tho
inside-that is. free from strips around
tho inside or bottom. They should be
lined with burlap TO prevent bruising'
and a short iron hook should be at
tached to the handle to suspend the
basket from the limbs. so M to enable
the picker To use both hands.
The great advantage In using tho
basket / find Hes largely in the fact
that If the apples are carefully placed
in the same they are not bruised.
The worst objections | have to tic
baskets arc that they are not so handy
as the sack and that sometimes care
less picl1ers are disposed TO toss ap-
pies into them as they set upon the
ground or hang upon limb few feet
away.
My experience Is that apples packed
from the table and Immediately placed
In cold storage Gf they are TO be put
into cold storage) will give by far the
better results
This method adds two to four
months to the keeping qualities OF the
fruit.
You cannot afford to let your fruit
lie under tie trees or in a building
for Two or three weeks before you
barrel
Every days delay in packing and
shipping viii cost You money and quail
ity In your fruit and if you are not the
loser the party who buys it IS.
Fruit grown In a warm latitude or
harvested during a warm September OF
October must be quickly handled But
when properly handled at picking time.
as ! have suggested. there win not be
much room for complaint
A good barrel Is essential II you wish
10 store your fruit. have II keep well
and sell wcll. We suffer from lack of
good cooperage.
A tight barrel is the best and the
better II is made The better results you
wlll have. There VIII be less loss from
shTinkage of fruit, from rats and mice
and other causes.
In my orchard / have eight pickers
and six sorters and barrelcrs in each
gang. A good strong table, construct
cd of light strong material. is pro-
vided.
This table is set in the center OF six
teen trees, sometimes. II the fruit Is
scarce and the trees are very small.
the table is set in the center OF twenty
four or thlrty-six trees.
Four or six rows are carried forward
at once and the table is moved along
the center rows and set In the middle
OF the square at each move.
usually have one man that nails
the hoops. the head liners. and takes
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-08-28
HARVESTING EARLY POTATOES

Usually when the carly potatoes arc
ripe on the farm the season is so late
ono cannot use the land Tor a second
crop. We manage in this way: AS
soon as they are cultivated for the last
time with oar hand cultivator we make
Il drill and SOW our navy beans for the
winters use. They may he cultivated
with the wheel cultivator by removing
all but the two front teeth, and as soon
az the potatoes are dug the horse cul-
tivator can be put TO work.
II the rows arc four and ne-halr feet
apart then late cabbage and caulinowcY
may be put In the place the potatoes
occupied, or oven turnlps sowed in i
drill
In this way the land may be used to
produce three crops instead OF one and
the land not allowed to run TO weeds. as
Is often the case after carly potatoes.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-08-28
PICKING AND PACKING APPLES
Not Little is Lost in Improperly Preparing the
Apple Crop for the Market.

out the heads OF barrels. as it prevents
lcss in shipping and facilitates I'm the
examination and inspection OF fruit in
storage.
If YOU have good fruit and IT is worth
money in the market TO warrant
YOU in so doing. YOU should mako two
grades, one a strictly No. / or fancy
grade and another which viii take
fruit that is slightly defective but good
for Immediate use. commonly termed
No I'm the market
Usually 1t viii pay as well or better
to sell this No. fruit to the cvapo-
rator or the cider mill instead OF put
ting IL In expensive barrels and to this
add the cost OF freight and commits
stons getting no more and perhaps not
AZ much as you would have realized In
bulk.
Another advantage in selling TO the
cider mill or cYapor;itor is that you
take II out Of the market OF green
fruits and transfer IL into another or
dried fruit. whcro 1t does not come into
competition with your good green fruit,
Face the barrels with good, we'll
colorcd apples of even size. put in a
basketful OF another layer OF similar
fruit on top or the faccrS. then ill your
barrel with apples free from blemish
or worm holes Of size not smaller
than two and onc-half inches I'm diam
etcr for Ben Davis and Jonathan or
two and quarter for Wincsap.
Settle the fruit in the barrel as each
baskctful is empticd in by shaking the
barrel
This L. ,,or,y yr,ro,.fo,t -, ,.-., r,.
VIII be tight in the barrel and require
less pressing OF the head and consc-
qucntly less bruIsing OF the fruit.
When No. fruit Ia packed it should be
faced with No fruit
After the barrel is full and the fruit
we'll shaken down. adjust the apples oh
top so that they arc as nearly level as
possible.
This VIII Insure equal pressure
throughout the barrel VIII prevent
your fruit being bruised unequally and
will present a much better appearance
on being opened and the fruit VIII
have less slack as a result of few
months In cold storage.
Stencil or stamp name OF tie apple
on the face end of the barrel No. /
fruit should also be stamped with your
own name. on your No > fruit leave
your name of, but stamp the name Of
the apple.
When shipping to a commission
house they viii furnish YOU with a
numbered stencil which will answer In
place of your name for them 10 make
returns by
In hauling baIrcled apples to the car
and In shipping lay the barrels on the
side. never stand item on end if you
wish the fruit TO remain tight in the
barrels.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-08-28
ALFALFA IDEAL FEED FOR HOGS

Alfalfa alone Is good maintenance
ration for hogs. but combined with
corn nothing Will equal 1t as flesh
producer
If alfalfa cannot be had clover. rape
rye. peas. oats and wheat should he
useG Alfnlfa chopped and ground with
corn In equal amount or three 10 ono
produces excellent results.
Alfalfa meal under $50 ton is said
By some feeders 10 prove profitable
Alfalfa pasture Is great thing for
hogs and one OF the most important
crops hog raiser cen grow
The Nebraska station fed eight lots
on various fecds-corn and bran
corn and shorts. corn and alfalfa hay
ground and cut. corn and bran and
corn and shorts Both the alfalfa meal
and the chopped hay were prepared at
the station, the meal by running the
hay through grinder and the chopped
material by cutting the hay into one
half inch lengths with silago cutter
The test was planned so that the
cornmeal with chopped alfalfa and
cornmeal with ground alfalfa hay were
compared with mixtures OF corn and
bran and corn ana shorts with corn
meal alone.
Some OF the mixed rauons were
made up Of three parts of corn to one
part of the other products. and the
other half and half.
For convenience ground corn was
used with the cut or ground alfalfa
hay, and tho ration was molstcned With
water before feeding. This prevented
the feed from being blown by tho wind
and Induced tho pigs 10 cat up the al
1alfa better than they would otherwise
have done.
With the ration of corn and alfalfa
in equal amounts the reult was gain
of five and one-half pounds In twelve
weeks This was larger than any other
gain made on other corn combinations
and shows pretty conclusively that al
falfa is hard to beat.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-08-28
NUBBiNS OF FARM NEWS

Potato growing up in Aroostooll
county. Maine. seems to be a highly
profitable business. ono paper tells OF
a farmer in western Maine who sold
his farm for $4,000 the past year, moved
10 ArooStook. bought a farm there FOR
5000. From the profits OF his last
years potato crop nc paid of the mort
sage of $4,000 i'm fun.
Ncar;y sl6,000000 worth or forest
products. are made up into barrels
every year Some are used b. the
farmer for his potatoes and apples.
somc by the miller with his nour ana
meal. and still others by tile hardware
man with his nails
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-08-28

turc OF ;be soil and tho size OF the silo
TO be buIt. The top OF the wall should
be bcvcled outward. which permits the
water to 1ow nway very quickly from
the base OF the building.
Since the attachment OF tile blower
to the silago cutter it is not aS essen-
tial TO have the foundation extend into
the ground six fcct Tor the blower can
easily elevated tie green corn nifty feet
high. II a chain carrier Is used 1t Is
best to have the silo extend into the
ground dvc or six feet
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-08-28
KILLING CANADIAN THISTLeS

Tho experiment stations Of thE
country have undertaken To show the
farmers how To cxtcrminatc the Can
ada thistlcs and do 1t scientifically. 1
Is The most dreaded OF all weeds. be
cause its seeds are so easily distribut
ed, and it grows by underground
stems.
The life OF tho plant depends upoi
the green leaves above ground. Cut
ting these leaves and the stems twic
does not seem 10 affect the roots. wIdc.
have reserve material 10 draw upoI
but by continued cuttings this rc
serve will be exhausted and the plan
viii die.
Tho most successful of the state ox
pcrimcntS was in Illinois. The thistle
used in the test covered two and one
half acres very thickly OF rich blac
prairie soil. The thiStles were cut Jul!
II when in full bloom very close {
the ground. The ground was plowc
three Inches deep and narrowed. Hun.
sarIan millct was sown at the rate Q
ono buShel per acre. ON Sept
10 tho millct was ono foot high and tn
thistlcs four or flvc inches high
the ground was plowcd, agah
narrowed and seeded 10 winter rye a
the rate of one and one-half bushoI
per acre.
The middle OF the following April th
rye was turned under and the sroun6
thoroughly narrowed. Tho ground wa
plowed May % and Juno 20. on Ma,
% very few thlstles could be found
July II the ground was seeded TO mil
let which was cut for hay Sept
10. Less than fifty thistleS were foun,
on the two and one-haIf acres durin
tho latter half OF the season. The ne
total cost of this victory was s1o50 pc
acre.
ThiStlcs should not only be cut bu
burned. No trace or them should b
left. as the seeds are easily distribute
and VIII thrive under the most adycrs
w, Pratt, Missouri.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-08-28
Number Of ar,imnls


y suo should never be built over
twenty feet in diameter If II Is ncces-
sary to have more material 20 feed II
is better to build two smaller rccepta-
cies than one larger than twenty feet
IN diameter l; Involves considerable
more labor to handle silagc in very
large structure than in ono OF rcason-
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-08-28
ORpiEGTONS GOOD LAYERS

Tho bun orpngton has done Won
ders since its introduction into lhls
country from England. The fowls are
exceedingly attractive aud Jhc puIlets
oegln laying when nvc months old.
keeping at II without the break usual
10 pul!ets OF most breeds. An average
weight Tor bird at maturity is nine
to ZEN POUNDS, hence IL is cvIucnt thnt
as a table fowl they VIII closely an
proach the famed Plymouth Rock. AS a
layer they equal The LcShoTn and they
make excellent mothers. They appcur
to be quite rs hardy az the Plymouth
Rock. hence VIII do as well in cold
sections Both fowls and eggs arc
scarce m this country. and con-
scuuently high in price. but If tho
breed keeps up the reputation IL al
WAYS has had. more breeders viii
handle Ii, so that in year or two eggs
win be within range of the poultry
mans pockctbook.
\ bad case OF Ingrowing sclhshncss
sI. l,.,a
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-08-28
SHOWING INSIDE CEILING.

The bottom OF the silo docs not need
TO be made water tight: the ground. ss
i rule. makes the best Kind OF bottom.
especially If 1t is well drained. In some
cases II Is we'll TO drain the bottom OF
the pit with tiles. II rats and vcrmln
become troublesome II is we'll then &c
cement the bottom.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-08-28

The Storrs (Conn) station Il
carrying on an extended experiment il
feeding COWS IT consists OF foediut
two separate rations to two different
groups OF COWS. ono group VIII he Zee
very narrow and the ether very
wide ration. The outcome OF this cN-
pertinent will determine whether high
or low feeding has any effect upon The
vlEor. fertility or production of tht
dairy cow. They hope TO carry ON thif
work for several years
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-08-28

THO Following table gives Inc dimcn-
SioAs the sllo SHOULD be bunt for n
gwen number ol animals and the num-
her OF days that It WI feed them it
tiSo gives the approximate capacity OF
each SIZE and tho avclago number OF
acres OF corn it wiz take to nll the
alto.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-08-28

ways VIC have of storing some OF our
green crops.
In the beginning many ill-construct-
cd silos were built and eXtravaG3nt
claims were made for their use. In
many Instances the silagc was very
poor In quality. which led many
thoughtful and conservative people TO
condemn tho silo,
Since We have learned how 10 fiji
them properly the prejudice and sus-
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-08-28
BY PROFESSOR A. S. GLOVER,
I.iinoi. palIvmsn.a Association.

II is more than a quarter OF cen
fury since the American farmer be-
gan to can some OF his green crops in
vessel. called silo. There has been
much written and a great deal of cX-
perimcnting done TO prove the fcasi-
oility of preserving some OF our green
food In this manner. There is no long
or any question that this method Is one
OF the best as wcll as the cheapest
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-08-28

other country In tho English market
and sac more than the average paid
for esgS from other countries
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-08-28

\ bad case OF Ingrowing sclhshncss
is harder TO cure Than an insrowng toe
nall
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-08-28
A HANDY RACK

For hauling green corn.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-10-06

w. r. French appeared before the
board in reference to IN appropria-
tion for the publicity car furnished by
the Great Northern. The board grant,
ed $500.
THIRD DAY.
The board met at 10 a. m. and con-
tinued auditing bills:
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-10-06

The following proposals for furnish
ing coal to the court house and Jail
for the ensuing year we're opened.
Harris & Maze, mine run coal from
Havre Fuel Co. at 1875 per ton.
j. F. Curtis, Stockett Steinby mine
run at So. Is, or Steinby lump at s4.25
per ton.
H. LaBarre, Belt or Sand Coulee
mine run at 1915 per ton.
The board awarded the contract for
furnishing the coal as follows: H.
LaBarre, IS tons Belt mine run at
49, I per ton; J.. F. Curtis, Is tons
Stocket mine run at SO. Is, and lump
coal for the poor at Fort Benton and
vicinity at $4.25 per ton; coal to be
weighed on the county scales.
In the matter OF county road from
Fort Benton to Circle ranch road, the
report of the viewers was accepted,
and the same was declared to be q
public highway.
In the matter of petition for aban-
donment of q portion of the roadfr from
Benton depot to Narcotic
road, the report of the viewers was
accepted and the same was declared to
be an abandoned highway.
In the matter of the county road
known as the Wright road, the board
appointed the following viewers: A.
w. Merrifeld, Geo. W. Tope and
Jno. G. Sullivan.
In the matter of petition for a por-
ton of the Nottingham sawmill to the
Cascade county line road, the petition
was rejected for the reason that too
much money has been expended on
said road, and the time is coming
when said road will be used; but the
supervisors of road districts Nos. 4
and 10 were directed to discontinue
repairs on same until further in
structed.
Petition for bridge across Milk riv-
err at Savoy, action was deferred for
the present.
In the matter of petition for county
road from Savoy to the Dodson.Zort-
man road, the board appointed as
viewers, John Mcdowell, B. E. Bron-
son and Frank Kalusky.
In the matter of petition for a county
road from the Lees lake to Teton
river road to the Marias river, the
board appointed as viewers Jno c..
Sullivan, John McGraw and A. W.
| Merrifeld.
Judge Mcdowell appeared before
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-10-06

Fine Book and Job Printing q spe
cialty at the River PRESS office
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-10-06

IHe FcQUtSC OF CHG county SURVEYOR
for a deputy in his Office was granted.
SECOND DAY.
The board met at 10 O'Clock a. IN.
with all members present and contin-
ued auditing bills as follows:
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-10-06
Livestock Feeding Experiments

veStOC eeoinS experiments.
BOHEMIAN, October 2.-Prof. r. W.
Clarke Of the department OF animal
industry In the state college here has
just announced the results of some of
the experiments which he has been
carrying OF this summer. A com.
parison betweenfrosted and unfrosted
grain as q feed for hogs has been
made. The experiments made show
that when grain is badly frosted the
mortality of pigs is increased. Grass
and hay feeding has been compared
with grain feed for hogs. The results
show that hay OF pasture is neces-
sary in the raising of hogs. Glover
and alfalfa have been found to be the
best feed. Different breeds of hogs
are kept at the experiment station,
and work has been done to determine
the best breed for Montana. Some of
the best Berkshires in the state have
recently been received at the college
station. These are to be used to con.
duct breeding experiments with.
Feeding experiments have been made
with horses to determine how much
hay is required to keep the horse in
the best condition. Results tend to
show that the average farmer feeds
his horse more hay than ia necessary.
Sheep are being experimental with
to determine what feed Is the best and
to determine what effect different feeds
have on the quality of the wool and
the mutton. Breeding tests with sheep
are made. Among the varieties of
breeds kept at the college farm are
Shropshire sheep which were imported
from Europe two years ago.
Over 100 head of dairy and beef
cattle are kept at the college farm for
instructional and experimental pur-
poses. Experiments are now being
made to find the cost of raising beef
cattle, the loss in shipping long dis
tances, and the profit to be made by
feeding different rations. Steers are
raised at the college from some of the
best bulls in the west. The college
owns some of the best dairy cattle In
the country.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-10-06
OLD Time ENGLISH.
Words as They We're Pronounced In
Shakespeare's Day.

Words as They Were Pronounced In
Shakespeare's Day.
The innovation of pronouncing
Shakespeare's words as they were
probably pronounced in his own day
was carried out at a fete arranged at
University college. London. The ex.
pertinent inspired this comment by the
Manchester Guardian:
For zone touch of nature" Shake
speare probably said 'own tooch of
natter" and. very much like a modern
1rishman. he would say. "A haste that
wants discoorse Of rayson." 1t would
be "Loov's Labber's LOST and the
"Midsoommer Neecht's Drame." Scraps
of Hamlet" would sound thus:
"A haste that wants discoorse of rayson
Would have moorned longer"
they as pure French vi as grass
lgTacel."
"A broken vooice and his whole foonction
shooting lsuiting]
With forms to his consayt."
T take arms against a say Of troobles."
Our ancestors Of even some $50
years ago said Room" for Rome,
cheer for chair. ~'obleeged" for
obliged. greet boul" (the lou" as in
''out'o for great bowl" and. further
back. Milton would say billing water"