davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1909-12-23
Wood in Great Demand
Cold Winter Predicted

You have no dread of the cold, how
ever, ior you can get the best lG.inch,
Try oak wood at l.. II. Arneson's place
for 81 10 per rick, cash, Pole oak, mixed
with small amount of fir, at $lO0 per
'ick while it lasts. Call up +. +. John.
son at my place and the amount of
wood you want will be reserved for you
npon payment of one-half down, depos-
tied to my credit at the First National
Bank at Hood River l., II. ARNEsoN.
Place, one-half mile south from Oak
Gcove store, Crapler District.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1909-12-23
e. A. JEROME,


Having had several years experience in
drafting and building, would respectfully
solicit part of the patronage of the people OF
Hood River who anticipate building, Terms
reasonable, and satisfaction guaranteed. Of
hce al residence on Heights
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1909-12-23

Chased by a Sea Serpent.
"Ever see sen serpent"
81 was chased by one once"
"What did you dor
"Got up and lit the gas."-Pittsburg
Post
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1909-12-23

Youth-Oh, | don't want to take that
character. I'll make fool Of myself
sure. Maiden-Well, you said you
wanted an easy part.--Detroit Free
Press
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1909-12-23

years and have found that bow backed
and bowlegged men existed as long
ago as then and were just as bashful
and dIlident as now. BE bashful, be
diff dent no more. Pilgrim Joe has
cor.e 10 save You. While my remedy Is
new one. have tried It on my un-
Gle, my aunt my motherin-law, two
cousins and brotherin n-law, and II
has worked beautifully In each aud
every instance. My uncle was SO bow
legged that he appeared to be seated
on n cider barrel | rubbed his legs
only three times with my remedy, and
he appeared to be seated on an inch
board. Men came ten miles to see his
legs and carry away pieces Of them as
souvenirs
My mother-in-law was so bow backed
that she could almost pick a pin up off
the floor IN her teens. She rubbed her
own back four times with the remedy
and then Strengthened up with such a
sudden Jerk that her back comb few
out Of the window. She is now able
to look at the ceiling for the first time
in fifteen years. My aunt had one
short leg, resulting from broken hip,
she used the bowlegged remedy, and
1t either pulled the short leg down or
the long leg up, and within week she
attended country dance and led In
Money Musk" | don't claim that my
remedy will cure all such cases as
hers, as her being relative probably
had much to do with it, but it's sure
thing on the others
4 bowlegged man sees and falls In
love with handsome girl lie would
go counting but for his legs. He real.
ICES that he has no show whatever. A
Young man in the bloom OF health and
full of ambition would like to be elect
ed to the legislature. Alas, he Is bow
backed. He would be called crook
even before he took his seat. He must
poke along Ns he is--that is, 1t has
gone that way for 1000 long years,
but need go that way no longer Fifty
cents a bottle, and one bottle does for
the legs and backs Of an average fam.
lily.
While all my remedies are on sale al
respectable drug stores, am still trav.
cling over the country with my outfit
Buy of me when you can and thus pre-
vent mistakes. You also help the hea,
then in buying Of me. have regular
book account with the heather and set.
tie up with him every Saturday night
Such patrons us get external and in
ternal mixed up must take their own
risks.
Two weeks ago my outfit of moving
pictures which do move met with grief
while being exhibited at the town OF
Happy Day. The name Of the town
signifies that It Is n happy day when
one gets out of it. l thought | had a
large and cultivated audience, but soon
found myself mistaken was show
ing a picture of Faith knceling Mt the
foot of the cross when bad man IN
the audience claimed that Faith was
his runaway wife and demanded ia
know her whereabouts. After some
difficulty pursuaded him that he was
mistaken but there was more trouble
ahead, When | showed the picture OF
George Washington there were cheers
for Washington. Napoleon and Colum
bus. attempted to set the factions
right when a free for all fight took
place and the tent was torn down and
much damage done.
A Happy Statement,
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-12-18
NATIONAL EXCITED OVER
RECENT RADIATOR STRIKE

wINNEMUCCA, Dec. 17.-G. w.
Stowe arrived in town last evening
from National. He states that the
strike of high grade gold ore on the
Radiator group Of claims, which is be-
ing operated by Messrs. Dwyer, Cum
mings and O'Connell, is the great SEN
sation of the camp, with possibilities
of the find being even greater and
richer than the wonderful bonanza dis
closed in the Stall brothers lease ON
Charleston hill.
"That is a pretty broad assertion to
make" said MI. Stowe, "when it IS
taken into consideration that the
Charleston hill property has not an
equal in the state when it comes to
the quantity of fabulous ore developed.
Nevertheless the Radiator hill strike is
a bonanza already and the workings
are hardly out Of the grass roots. At
the present time there is a streak of
fifteen inches in width in the face Of
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-12-18

. 130-foot tunnel and gold can be seen
sticking from the rock for the full
width. The ledge 10 four feet wide
and assays, without the high grade
streak, from wall to wall $20S 70 the
ton. The ore is identical with the
rich rock in the property Of the Ma
tional Mining company of Nevada on
Charleston hill that started the move
ment to the camp and not only carries
fabulous values in gold but shows the
rich ruby silver as well. The rich
streak was first struck when the tun-
mel was only under ground twenty feet,
and was quite small at that point, brit
in following it in it began to get wider
until now it has opened into a VERT
able bonanza. The shoot so far is
ITO feet long and seems to be getting
wider as depth is attained. No sinking
has been done on the vein, but by the
length and ~permanency of the showing
no one has any doubt Of its going TO
depth.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-12-18
NOTICE OF AssEssMENT.
TO THE STOCKHOLDERS OF THE
PRECIOUS METALS MINING &
HrTr INC M.

TO THE STOCKHOLDERS OF THE
PRECIOUS METALS MINING &
MILLING co:
You are hereby notified that at a
meeting Of the Board of Directors Of
the above named corporation held on
the twenty-fourth (24th) day Of Novem.
Der, 1909, an assessment of n cent
per share was levied on all of the issued
capital stock of said corporation, to be
due and payable at once, and shall
become delinquent on the 9th day Of
December, 1903.
That all stock upon which the sail
assessment has not been paid on or be.
fore the 9th day of December, 1909,
will be offered for sale at public auc-
ton on the 31st day Of January, 1910, 1T
2 O'Clock p. M, at the business office
of said corporation, room 418, Chamber
of Commerce building, in the city OF
Pasadena, county Of Los Angeles, state
of California, and unless such assess
ment, together. with expense Of adver-
Using such delinquency is paid on or be-
fore said date, then and in that event
the said stock or SO much thereof as
may be necessary win be sold at said
hour and place to pay the delinquent
assessment together with expenses in
Cured.
Signed WILKIE P. GARRISON,
President
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-12-18
NOTICE OF FORFEITURE.

To VIM. B. Mcconnell, 625 New York
Life Building, Chicago, III.
You are hereby notified that during
the year ending December 31st, 1908,
the undersigned has expended four
hundred dollars in labor upon the four
following quartz lode mining claims:
White Rose, Copper Queen and Wild
Rose No. 1 and No. 8, situated in the
Montezuma mining district, Esmeralda
county, state of Nevada, for the pu-
pose of holding said claims under the
provisions of section 1924, Revised
Statutes of the United States, and, If
at the expiration of ninety days after
the date hereof, you shall fail to con-
tribute your proportion Of the expendi-
ture required by said section 1894, your
interest in the said claims shall become
the property Of the undersigned, who
made the expenditure required by
Dated, Goldfeld, Nevada, December
18th, 1909.
HARRY F.. PARKER,
JOHN IRA PARKER,
GEORGE A. SMITH.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-12-18
CRIPPLE CREEK HAS
SET A new RECORD

COLORADO SPRINGS, Dec. TO-
Bringing the total production of the
Cripple Creek district for the eleven
months of 1909 to $14,5O3, 212, the vari-
GUS mills and smelters handling ores
of the district the November
production to be 62,715 tons with a
gross total value of $1,29s,4S7. TIE
average value Of all ore treated during
the last month has been $22, a little
above the average for proceeding
months this year.
According to the analysis of the pro
duction of the gold mines in the United
States recently published by the United
States geological survey, Colorado is
again accorded premier rank as the
greatest gold producing state in the
union. It's production for 1908 is esti-
mated as $22,s71 900, Alaska being sec.
ond with $l9,s5s 500 and California
third with $40, 1929, 700. The United
States figures do not give the esti-
mate for the various districts, but ac-
cording to the figure of the bureau of
mines of the state of Colorado, which |
gives a slightly lower figure for the
entire state, the production of the
Cripple Creek district for 1908 was
$13, 8 !, this being considerably
below the total given by the mills and
shelters in their monthly statements.
With its regular production of this
amount. Cripple Creek still maintains
its reputation as the worlds greatest
gold camp" with prospects for a great
err advance upon the completion of the
deep drainage tunnel and a more gem
eral adoption Of methods for the treat
ment of the lower grade ores.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-12-18
Serial 10. oSo3.
A1YxxCAxx0N xo8 YA3133.

- - &Os.
Oct. Is. 1905.
Notice is hereby given that The Cold
field Sierra Mining Company. . Colorado
corporation. by John w. Bates, IL attor-
Goldfeld, Esmeralda County. Nevada.
has made application for patent for the
Ajax. Sierra and Sierra No. ? lodes, s.r-
yey No. 2sbs: in the east y Of SEC; =.
field Mining District. Esmeralda County.
Nevada; recorded in the ONCE of the
County Recorder Of sale County In Book
'K'' at pages 617 and SIG; and described
AJAX LODE.
Beginning at Cor. No. !; whence g. 2.
bears s. 37s o. E., 2sss.l4 feet; thence
r. thence sos e. e. w. ", s IS: 4, fi 800 e ss cSr; e sc Coz I:
No. 8; thence 8. 81 2s' F.. soo;z7 feet
to Cor. No. 4; thence 8. 20 49, W., 1900
feet to Cor. No. l. the place OF begin
ming.
Beginning at Cor. Nc. /; whence s. E.
Ger. Sec. 81, T. 2 s.. r. ~ e.. n. D. NJ.
bears 8. 40 TO- 80" E., 1613.6e feet;
thence N. 49, 49, E.. 800 feet to Cor. No.
2; thence ". TO- 22' w.. 1885 feet to
Cor. No. 8; theme s. 10. 49, w. 600 feet
feet to Cor. No. /. the place OF begin
ming.
Beginning at Cor. No. I; whence S. r.
Cor. Sec. 81, 7. Q s., r. - E., N. D. M,
bears s.. $50 49, E.. 1428.21 feet; thence
N. So Az W., 600.O1 feet to Cor. No. 2;
No. sHsAs ); thence N. ~ S. E.. 7s4.ss FEET
to Cor. No. 4; thence s. Sc 49, z. eoo.01
feet to Cor. No. &: thence 8. q IS, W:
734.93 feet to Cor. No. s; thence 8. z. o.
E., 765.07 feet to Cor. No. I. the place
Containing 3s.7Os acres, exclusive of
conflicts with the Elizabeth. Excelsior
No. 4, Excelsior No. s, Apple Tree n
New York locations GALL unsurveyed)
which are the only adjoining or conflict
ing locations shown on the plat OF the
Louis J. COIN. Register.
r. G. WITHERS,
Attorney for Applicant.
First publication Oct. %. 1909.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-12-18

Mr.. Kruttschnitt-The mileage, how
il only about 8 per cent Of the
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-12-18
Serial 10. o5e2.
APP11CArxoH xo1 PATENT.
=. 4. No..


O.. S. Land ONCE. Carson City. Nevada.
Oct. Is. 1903.
Notice is hereby given that Tn
Desert Chief Mining Company. an Ari-
zona corporation. by John ". Bates us
attorney in fact. h postomce az
dress is Goldheld, Esmeralda County,
Nevada, has made application for patent
for the Blu Red. Independence FTac-
tor. Angeius and Bill Nye Fraction
lodes, Survey No. 1874. in n. =. q, OF
the Goldfeld Mining District. Esmeralda
County, Nevada: recorded In the ONCE
of the County Recorder of said County
in Book 20" Of Mining Locations q.
pages "a. 81 and 266. and IN 9 "a "a
of Mining Locations at page 4I4s anu
described as follows:
BLUD RED LODE.
Beginning at Cor. No. 1; whence n. W.
Cor. Sec. 80; T; 2 8, i: - r.: "a. tSsn M.
6 Is. y Is: II E., 1925 feet to Cor. No: 3;
s No. s: II thence ss n n. IS 4. ' E.. 5ss.1s feet 70
Cor. No. 4; thence N. AZ Is W. $3.50
feet to Cor. No, s; thence >; 80 sce y" ~
1NfbEPENDENcE FRACTION LODE.
Beginning at Cor. No. !: whence =. ".
Cor: Sec. 90; T, e. 2 s s, r sss a f. fee n thence Il, M,:
In. 21o 81 E., 5s9.2 feet to Cor. No: 2;
thence S. 65o 16' E., 1875 feet to Cor.
No. 8: thence s. FL 81 W.. 599.2 feet 70
Cor. 4: thence n. 65e 16' w. 1497:75
feet to Cor. No. l, the place OF oegin-
ming.
Beginning at Cor. Nc. 1; whence y. ".
Cor. Sec. 80, T. 2 s., r. IS E.. M. u. M.
hears N. 7Ss So W.. 3123.4S feet; thence
Isl l5s 36' W., 6S1.82 feet to Cor. No. 2:
thence S. AS So E., 1900 feet to cor.
No. 8; thence N. Is So E.. SSl:Sz iee1
to Cor. Nc. 4; thence N. As So W. 1eoo
feet to Cor. No. l. the place OF Degin-
ming. opr
Beginning at Cor. No. i; wnencs n
w. Cor. Sec. 80, T. 2 s., r. - F.. IA. u
M. bears N. 75e Is W.. 2S5I.s6 rect
thence S. s4s 16' E., 60S.64 feet to Cor
No. 2: thence S. Is 81 W.. 1As5.SS zee
to Cor. No. 8; thence n. "a. ~ ".
ls5s.74 feet to Cor. No. 4: thence N. s
45' E., l474.44 feet to Cor. NO. l. TN
place of beginning. ..
Containing 28.125 acres. exclusive =
lconflicts with Surveys No. 22Ab. zSSe
I22a1. 23so, and the Christmas No. >. IN
-dependence and Black Ants location
~funsuryeyed): which are the only 40
lsoining or conflicting claims shown OF
the plat Of the approved survey.
LOUIS J. COIN. Register.
u. r. g.. WITHERS.
Attorney for Apptlcons.
First publication Oct. -. 1895.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-12-18

Word has been received from San
Francisco to the effect that the gu
preme court of California has sustained
the Judgment of the lower court in the
Ease of M. B. Leavens, the Goldfeld
assayer, convicted Of disposing Of
fraudulent mining stock in the bay city.
Leavens wal convicted last May and
will now have to m the Is
months sentence imposed earlier IN the
year. D. s. Truman was attorney for
Leavens.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-12-18

In the Matter Of the Estate Of Edward
w. Stewart, Deceased.
Notice is hereby given h q the un-
dersigned has been duly appointed and
qualified by the District Court Of the
Seventh Judicial District Of the State of
Nevada as administrator or the Estate
Of Edward w. Stewart, late Of said
County, Deceased.
All creditors having claims against
raid Estate are required to nle the same.
with proper vouchers attached. with the
Clerk Of the Court within three CD
months Of the first publication Of this
notice.
Dated at Goldheld, Nevada, Novem-
GEORGE w. WILSON.
Administrators of the Estate OF Edward
W. Stewart, Deceased.
D-4-4t.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-12-18
BUYS GOOD LEASE

P. H. Farrell, a Tonopah mining man,
has purchased an interest in the Nc
Weigh lease on the Blue Jacker estate
in Round Mountain, and the lease is now
controlled by Mr.. Farrell, and w. R.
Gibson and M. j. Mcveigh. More ex
tensive work will now be done on the
lease than heretofore. The McVeigh
lease has produced and milled some ore,
found in pockets in the vein system.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-12-18

ALL kinds Of state and mining district
maps. Maps showing roads,
trails, water and camps, for sale
1t The Newa
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-12-18
larry F. PARKER,
JOHN IRA PARK
GEORGE A. SMITH.


the District Cours OF the seventh
judicial District Of tho 0tote Of 1e-
vada, IN and for b County Of 1smse-
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-12-18

Subscribe for The Goldheld News and
Keep posted on mining conditions cf the
entire state Of Nevada
The oasis., 1909-12-18

intentional fraud in the transaction. in the judgment Of the Directors as to the value of the services rendered, or property purchased shall be conclusive 4rH:-The time of the Commencement of this Corporation shall be the date of the filing of a certified copy of these Articles of Incorporation Tn the office Of the Territorial Auditor, and the termination thereof shall be twenty-five (25l years thereafter " 5TH-The affairs of the Corporation shall be conducted by Board of nine Directors and the iolloWlng named shall constitute the Board of Directors until their successors are elected and qualified, towit: Thomas H. Kinnaird. David Barrow, Waller 0. Bullock, George K Graves J. w. Morford. L. c. Cox, II. K McAdams Desha Breckinridge and k. P. Perry There, after the Board of Directors shall be elected from. among the stockholders on the third tuesday in January, of each year, beginning January 1911. The officers of said Corporation, until their successors are elected shall be Thomas H. Kinnaird President David Barrow, Vice President, and J. w. Morford, Secretary and Treasurer
 6TH:-The highest amount of indebtedness or liability, direct or contingent, to which this Corporation shall at any time become subject shall be Five Hundred Thousand tS5OO OO0 OOl Dollars; which amount does not exceed two thirds 20 Of the amount of its capital stock
 7TH:-The private property of the stockh hold. CTS ot this Corporation shall be exempt from the corporate debts of every kind whatsoever IN WITNESS WHEREOF we have hereuntO set our hands and seals this 30th day of November, 1909. THOMAS H KINEAIRD, [SEALl.
 GEO K. GRAVES [SEALl.
 ]. W. MoRFoRD, [SEALl
 '- LEONARD G. Cox. [SEALl.
 DEsHA BRECKENRIDGE, tSEALl.
The oasis., 1909-12-18
ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
 -oF THE CERRO DE PLATA MINING COMPANY.

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that we the undersigned do hereby associate ourselves together for the purpose of forming as rorpora- tion under the laws of the Territory of Arizona, and to that end make the following statement: es lsT.-lThe ..names. Of the ineOrpOratOrs are Thomas H. Kinnaird, George K. Graves J. W. Morford, L. G. Cox and Desha Breckenrdge: and the name of the corporation shall be CERRO DE PLATA MINING COMPANY fThe principal place in which the buisness ofsaid Corporation is to be transacted is Nogales, Santa Cruz County, Arizona; and the corpora tion may establish branch offices either within CT without the Territory of Arizona where meetings of the Board of Directors may be held
 2ND:-The general nature of the business to be transacted by this Corporation is as follows, to-wit: to hold own and dispose of real and personal property in any State or Territory of the United States or in any of the possessions of the United States, or in any Republic, King dom, State or Frincipalfty other than the United States, or any of it's possessions; with full Ind unrestricted power where not pro. hibted or restricted by law, to purchase lease bond, locate or otherwise acquire, own, ex- change, sell or otherwise dispose of, pledge. mortgage, hypothecate and deal generally in real estate and any and all kinds of personal property, including stocks. bonds, and any and all other securities; to hold, own, acquire, lease, locate, explore, operate and develop mines, mining claims, oil lands, coal lands, and mineral lands, of all kinds to own lease manage, operate and control, waterways and water rights and machinery, andin gen eral to do all things necessary to the proper conduct of the business of this corpora tion in the Territory of Arizona and elsewhere not inconsistent with the laws of the United States and the Territory of Arizona or any other Kingdom, Republic, State or Principality where it may do business.
 3RD:-The authorized capital stock of this Corporation shall be One Million (SI0O0, 900. .O0) Dollars divided into one million q ,0O0 00O) shares of the par value of One ($100) Dollar each. Said capital stock shall be paid into this Corporation immediately upon subscription therefor, either in cash, services or by the sale and transfer to it of real or personal property for the uses and purposes of said Corporation in payment for which shares of the capital stock of said Corporation may be issued, and the capital stock so issued shall thereupon and thereby become and be fully paid and non. assessable; and in the absence of actual and
The oasis., 1909-12-18

twenty-ffth anniversary of conse- cration to the priesthood of the Very Reverend Ignacio Valdespino, Bishop of the Diocese of Sonora. The suspicious anniversary will be observed with great pomp and most elaborate ceremony, in which will participate many of the most emi- nent of the clergy of the diocese and of the adjacent diocese of Sina- loa, including Bishop Manga of the latter named see. The distin- guished prelate, in whose honor the solemn festival is 10 be con- dncted, is a very accomplished and popu' ar gentleman who will be the recipient of hearty and cordial congratulations from a wide circle of admirers in all parts of Mexico. When you want a sandwich see Johnnie at Hotel Arcadia Bar. If.
 Efk4Hf fEttt 70 tE8f
The oasis., 1909-12-18
Notice for Publication.
(REGIsTER.) Serial O1O67.J

department Of the Interior, '. s. Land Office at Phoenix, Arizona, Dec lS l9O9.-Notice is hereby given that Carlos Zomora, of Duquesne Arizona, who, on September 2S, 1908. made Homestead Entry No. 0l067, for N15 of. NW1l, and N12 of NEA, Section l5, Township 24S. Range r E., C. < s. R. Meridian, has filed notice of intention to make Final Commuta- ton Proof, to establish claim to the land above described, before Allen I Bird, Clerk of the District Court, at NOgales. Arizona, on the Ath day Of January, 1910. Claimant names as witnesses: Cosma Solano, of Duquesne Ari- zona, Delfno Solano, of Duquesne, Arizona D. G. Chalmers, of Duquesne, Arizona, Colin Cameron, of Tucson, Arizona. FRANK H. PARKER Register
 Dec. Is, l9O9-Jan. D. l9l0
The oasis., 1909-12-18
Notice for Publication.
(Serial No. 071nhN


 I INVITED STATES LAND OFFICE, PHOENIX. Arizona, December 13, 1909 Notice Is Hereby Given that Colin Cameron, of Tucson, County of Pima, Arizona. has filed in this office his application to enter under provisions Of Sections 23O6-7 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, the NEA of NE4 of Section l8. Township 24-S., Range l8-E., C. & s. R. Meri- dian. Any and all persons claiming adversely the land described, O" desiring to object be- cause of the mineral character of the land. or for any other reason to its disposal to applicant should file their sffidavits of protest on or before January 22, 1910 FRANK II, PARKER, Register. Dec 1S I9O9-Jan. 22, 1910
The oasis., 1909-12-18
TERRITORY OF ARIZONA

COUNTY OF SANTA CRUZ.
 l, Phil HerOld. County Recorder in and for the County and Territory aforesaid, do hereby certify that I have compared the foregoing copy with the original Articles of Incorpora- ton of the CERRO DE PLATA MINING COMPANY filed and recorded in my office on the llth day of December, 1909, in Book 8 of Miscellaneous records at page-et seq, and that the same is a full, true and correct copy of such original and of the whole thereof
 Witness my hand and seal of office this llth day of December, A. D. 1909.
 [SEAL. PHIL HERoLD Dec. IS, 1909--Jan. P, 1910. County Recorder.