davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1900-1911, 1909-06-11
WOMAN TRICKS
INSANE KOREAN
WIFE OF PHOTOGRAPHER PRE-.
VENTS MURDER
Fugitive Remains Safe in Closet, and
Baffled Enemy Commits Sui
eide Before the Arrival
of Police

SAN, FRANCISCO, June 10.-By the
courage and Quick-witted daring of
Mrs. Zoe Miller, Yung Sun Shan, a
wealthy Korean rancher of Upland,
was saved from death today at the
| hands of Chung 30 Hal, an insane and
infuriated fellow countryman and for
mer employe.
Mrs. Miller, to whom Shan. already
bleeding from wound in the breast,
appealed for help, hid him in a closet
and met his pursuer, engaging him in
talk until the police came. Then Chung
Bo Hal fired a bullet through his own
head, ending his life rather than sur
render.
The first encounter took place in the
rooms of the Korean National associa-
tion on Sacramento street. Chung, who
went from Los Angeles to Upland TO
work for Yung a short time ago. fol-
lowed his employer to this city, vowing
vengeance because he believed that
Yung had said he was insane.
Fires at Fleeing Man
Arming himself with a revolver he
entered the association rooms and be-
gan firing at Yung. One bullet struck
Yung II Kim, treasurer of the associa-
ton, in the thigh. Yung dashed out,
ran.
Running around the corner into De-
visadero street, Yung turned up the
first stairs he came to, those of the
Miller photograph studio. Mrs. Miller
met him at the top.
'Save me!' he cried.
without a moments hesitation, the
woman rushed her bleeding visitor into
closet.
Turning back to the stairs. she faced
Chung, who came up, revolver in hand.
She escorted him about the house but
kept him away from the closet.
The police had been informed of the
shooting, and Chung heard them COM
ing UP the stairs. He rushed into an
adjoining room and fired bullet
through his head. Yung San Shan, it
is believed, will recover, and Yung II
Kim's wound is not serious.
Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1900-1911, 1909-06-11
RYAN ELECTED PRESIDENT
OF AMALGAMATED COPPER

NEW YORK, June 1O.-John d. Ryan
was today elected president of the
Amalgamated Copper company, to sue
ceed the late H. H. Rogers.
B. B. Thayer was elected president of
the Anaconda Copper Mining company,
to succeed John d. Ryan.
Mr.. Rogers place as vice president
of the Anaconda Copper company was
filled by the election of F. p. Addicks.
Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1900-1911, 1909-06-11
MAN EATS BEER GLASS
AND, AFTER SUFFERING
INTENSELY, SUCCUMBS

NEW YORK, June 1O.-A freak wager
that ended fatally was brought to light
today when James Shea, laborer aged
80. died at his home in Brooklyn as the
result of eating a beer glass February
10.
since that time Shea suffered in
tenseIy as the broken glass penetrated
his system and came out in different
parts of his body.
Doctors wanted to operate upon him
as they said he could not live otherwise,
but Shea would not allow them to do
SO, and the end came yesterday.
Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1900-1911, 1909-06-11
HENRY GREELEY, COUSIN OF
CELEBRATED EDITOR, DEAD
Hotel Proprietor Who 3tarted occi-
dental in San Francisco
Passes from Life

FRJITVILE, Cal, June 1O-Henry
SincIaire Greeley cousin of Horace
Greeley, one of the greatest editors OF
America, is dead.
Greeley started the Occidental hotel
in San Francisco twenty years ago,
owned the Hongkong hotel in China,
which was one of the most widely pat
ronized European hostelries in the ORR
ent, and at different times hotels in
Honolulu, Salt Lake, Santa Barbara
and other places. Valuable land in
Sonoma county is also in his name.
To the tourists of the world he was
we'll known. and in Vermont, where he
built the famous Fountain Greeley
house fifty-three years ago. when he
was IS years old. Greeley leaves
nephew and niece in Iowa.
Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1900-1911, 1909-06-11
REGRET EXPRESSED IN
WASHINGTON AT NEWS
OF CHAPLAIN'S DEATH

WASHINGTON, June 10.-The news
of the death of DR.. Hale reached the
senate early today In the day and was
received with general expressions or
regret. No one figure has been more
familiar about the senate than that or
venerable Chaplain Hale and no po-
sition was more respected or beloved.
Bv his unassuming manner and genial
disposition he had become a general
favorite with the senators and em-
ployes, while his distinction IN the
world of letters and theology had
caused him to be generally sought by
strangers.
whether to a friend or casual visitor
he was uniformly courteous. On ac-
count of his advanced age he had In
recent years become so feeble he was
unable to rise to greet visitors and
this fact seemed to be source or hu-
initiation to him. He never failed to
excuse himself for what he seemed TO
regard a discourtesy.
DIR. Hale became chaplain OF the sem
ate, December IA. 1908.
The selection was made at the in
stance of Senator Hoar, who had been
his lifelong friend. During the greater
time of his term of office, DR.. Hale
used Senator Frye's committee room
as an office.
Accompanied by his private secretary
he would repair to the senator's room
half an hour before convening of the
senate and there remain receiving
friends until the time for his appear
ance in the senate chamber.
He always wore long clerical robe
when officiating and made the prayer
service of the senate impressive rather
than perfunctory. 1t was his habit to
repeat the Lords prayer and for many
years after he assumed his office he
would ask the senators to join with
him in doing so.
Repeated Lords Prayer
on account, however, of repeated
failures to obtain a response, he at
last desisted in his practice, but he
never himself ceased the repetition OF
that prayer as part of his own offer
ing.
DR.. Hale had been a distinguished
figure throughout the United States
and in foreign lands.
Literary work and remarkably ef-
fective Lend a hand" society which
he originated, made his name house.
hold word even in far countries.
OF this organization the mottoes Sc
lected by DIR. Hale are:
Look up and not down."
Look forward and not backward"
Look out and not in"
Lend a hand"
DR.. Hale's literary career began un-
aCOntinued on Page Eightl
Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1900-1911, 1909-06-11
COAST

Prosecution concludes case in trial Of Cal
houn.
Woman in San Francisco saves wealthy Ko-
rean from death at hands Of fellow country
man.
Tour is arranged at Seattle for the Japa-
nese merchants who will visit United States.
Wealthy rancher of Arizona is murdered for
his money.
New law prevents smoking OF cigarettes on
fair grounds at Seattle
Cousin of Horace Greeley dies at Fruitville.
Newspapers in Calkins syndicate are ordered
sold
Three trainmen killed in wreck in British
Columbia.
Native Daughters Of Golden West. in con-
veption at Del Monte. elect officers
Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1900-1911, 1909-06-11
steal Crate of Fountain Pens

SAN FRANCISCO, June 10.-Bur-
glars apparently inclined toward a
wholesale business IN the near future
entered the store of a stationer on
Market street early today and took
away crate of fountain pens valued
at $11S0
Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1900-1911, 1909-06-11
EASTERN

Edward Everett Hale, aged chaplain of the
United States senate, dies unexpectedly.
Wright brothers receive medals from Presi-
dent Taft.
Mrs Katherin Gould, testifying in divorce
case, does not recall seeing Actor Farnum
in 1908.
Victors in Indianapolis balloon race will
try for worlds record.
Former inspector scores meat inspection
methods at National stockyards in East st.
Louis.
Women and children transferred from the
steamer stranded near New York to tug boats
and landed.
Patrolman in New York city discovers pitt
full case of destitution of entire family In
tenement.
shriners decide to hold next national session
in New Orleans.
Former Confederate soldiers march in Mem
phis through streets underneath torrid sun.
Nine members of Black Hand society ar
rested in Ohio and will be tried at Columbus,
Progressive Republicans defeated in effort
to change wool tariffs as reported by COM
mttee.
Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1900-1911, 1909-06-11
LOCAL

To investigate mysterousscause Of death OF
patient at Patton insane asylum
Arrested on forgery charge, man claims to
be German nobleman.
Gas company is charged with rebating and
Offering bribe
Signatures on consolidation petition already
are more than required number.
Mrs. Fiske, actress, says Roosevelt dis
plays small bravery on hunting trip.
Trial of Bohemia club begins in police court.
Woman owner of Boston apartments acquit.
ted of liquor charge.
Directors of Humane Animal league declare
letters attacking president are ISLANDERS.
Boys confess they planned to lead criminal
careers.
Twenty witnesses corroborate testimony
given In school bonds suit
City officials pleased with example Of oiled
macadam road seen in Pasadena.
Woman alleges husband married her while
another wife was living
Jury convicts chauffeur of theft of motor car
Libel suits for 100000 against Express and
former city prosecutor dismissed
Attorney placed on trial charged with secur-
ing lease by forgery.
Three Chinatown visitors mistake merchant
house for opium den; arrested
Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1900-1911, 1909-06-11
AeropIane Nearly Completed

DAYTON, Ohio, June 1O.-The Wright
aeroplane to be used in the Fort Myer
flights will be completed in time for
shipment Monday or Tuesday next.
Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1900-1911, 1909-06-11
THE NEWS SUMMARY
FORECAST

For Los Angeles and vicinity:
Fair Friday; light south wind. Maxi
mum temperature yesterday, 70 de-
grees; minimum, 55 degrees.
Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1900-1911, 1909-06-11

Workmen Jest in Paris as hearse passes con-
tanning body of journalist
Imperial press conference at London ends.
English church pageant portraying history
of religious progress, opens near London
Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1900-1911, 1909-06-11

AS a result of this system the con-
sumers were anxious to change and get
the benefit of the cash bonus. About
fifteen cases were found where free
electricity had been promised and over
fifty cass where cash inducements had
been given, it is said.
When questioned the gas officials Of
fered the excuse that in cases where
money had been offered it was for
services rendered and not a rebate.
They claimed they paid certain per-
sons to watch out for their interests
Continued on Page Five'
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-10-11
HOBART.

John Hillman arrived yesterday with
his new Chalmers-Detroft touring car.
which is a beauty. He drove it out
from Detroit.
Mr. and Mrs. George Mellon of Ham
mond spent Sunday with relatives here.
c. F. Frailey. who was hit in the
head by Jim Nelson about three weeks
ago. was around town yesterday for the
first time. He is improving nicely now.
George Flick. operator al the Fort
Wayne. Is taking a two weeks vaca-
ton.
Misses Mary Blaemire of Hammond
and Anna Blaemire of Gary visited over
Sunday with the formers mother.
Mr. and Mrs. Frank Scharabaek and
daughter. Gertrude. OF Hammond spent
Sunday with relatives and friends here
7 The Reading club win give musica
this. evening at the Unitarian church. tc
their husband. school teachers, trustee
and ministers.
Miss Ruth Portmess spent Sunda.
with her parents
Miss Lille Kucoba transacted bust
ness in Chicago on Saturday.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-10-11
GRIFFITH.

p ]. Berieger and family visited
friends in Gary Sunday.
John Coleman and family were guests
at the home of L A. Southworth yes
terday.
Mrs Ed Dutton and her mother, Mrs.
Charles Dutton of Ross, visited rela-
tives here Saturday.
E. J. Nicholson of Ross was here
yesterday morning on his way to Chi
cago, where he went to see his sister,
Mrs. John Taylor. who is in very poor
health.
MT and Mrs. H walters of Merrill
willie were here for a short time yes
terday.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. R. Hielman and
family Mrs. Matt Austgen and family
and Mrs J. Minninger and sons Sun
dayed with Mr. and Mrs. Nick Min
ninger.
Peter ]. Bieriger visited Chicago Sat
urday.
Dan Walters has secured a contract
with B. Franz to do the cement work
for a new house near Merrillville.
| William Frfewald paid a visit t.
South Chicago Saturday.
| Scion WEIGH moved into the house
recently occupied by Mrs. Hines.
The interlocking tower which has
been here for eighteen years. with th'
old plant. was yesterday moved across
the Grand Trunk tracks. to be used foi
the new plant.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-10-11

making them during the first few min
utes of the game. This was Writings
first game, and they are well satisfied
with the work the boys did, and pre-
diet many victories for Whiting during
this season. Whiting had larger
crowd on the grounds than did the East
Chicagoans, and some great roofing
was done for the home team. Anoth
err game will be played between these
high schools in two weeks, when East
Chicago will come to Whiting. Crown
Point will be played on Nov. IS, and
Gary on Nov. 20. Lowell will also
be played. but no date has been set as
yet. The local lineup for the Whiting
East Chicago game was as follows:
Beaubien, left end Schaaf, left
tackle; Wuestenfelt, left guard; Adley,
center; Smith, right guard; Mcclellan,
right tackle; Bartuska, right end; Eat
on, quarterback; Peceny. left half;
| Greenwald, right half; Naef. fullback;
substitutes, Duggan, Girard, vogel and
Harris.
| FOR RENT-Five-room fat; modern
| convenience; gas; centrally located
Inquire J. G. Fischrupp. 400 10th St
second floor, Whiting, Ind. S-5t
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-10-11
BLACK OAK.

The report of the Black Oak school
for the month ending Oct is as fol-
lows: number of scholars enrolled 1S
cases of hardness, no days Of absence,
9 average daily attendance. 9 per cent
Of attendance, 95.5
Those who were neither tardy nor
absent are Blanche Shay, Laura
Strauch. Harry Cook. Vernon Shay
Berthan strauch, Harriet Shay. Lena
strauch, Laura Euler-Isabelle Kuhn
teacher
John Miller. Jr.. of St John transact
ed business here Friday.
Miss Violet Woodbridge of Ross gave
the weekly drawing lessons in the
schools here and at the Ridge Thurs
day.
Little John volkman of Hammond
grandson of Mr.. and Mrs. J. T Rel
land. died at his home at Hammond
The little fellow was 20 months ole
and was i'll but week with summer
complaint.
Mrs. Charles Strauch and Mesdame.
Joe and Anton Euler spent Friday a
Hammond.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-10-11
HESSVILLE.

Mrs. +. Jacobs and daughter. Alma.
and Bertha Junker Of Chicago spent
Sunday with William Dedelow's fam
lily
Mrs. X. Bunde and daughter, Mildred,
Of Hammond were guests Of Mrs E.
Hess Sunday.
Helen and Fred Otto Of Chicago spent
the week end here with their grand
mother Mrs. Otto.
Mrs. Otto spent the day in Chicago
Mr.. and Mrs. W. Corbridge Of Chi
cago spent sunday here at the home
Of R. H wiggenton.
It is reported that Mrs. Eichner was
married last week.
About fifty friends and relative
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-10-11
TAKE IT IN TIME
Just as Scores of Hammond People
Have.

Waiting doesn't pay
II you neglect the aching back
Urinary troubles, diabetes. surely fol.
law.
Doan's Kidney Pills relieve backache
Cure every kidney i'll.
Many people in this locality recon-
mend Doan's Kidney Pills.
Here's one case:
Frank butcher. 80 Ohio street Whit
ing. Ind, says: Kidney complaint and
lumbago caustd my health to become
so bad that could hardly do nv work
Terrible pains. sharp as knife -thrusts
darted through my back if I ATTEMPTED
to stoop or move quickly and I made
up my mind to do something for relief
Doans Kidney Pills had been highly
recommended to me and I procured !
box. noticed Improvement right away
after commencing their use, and in
less than five weeks there was no,
one symptom OF the trouble remaining
Ny health is now unusually good and
feel that I owe it all to the curative
powers of Doanes Kidney Pills"
For sale by all dealers Price 81
centss Foster-Milburn Co.. Buralo
New York. sole agents for the United
States.
Remember the name-Doans-and
take no other.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-10-11
No Reason
For Doubt
A Statement of Facts Backed
by a Strong Guarantee.

We guarantee immediate and positive
relief to all sufferers from constipa-
ton. In every case where our remedy
fails to do this we will supply it free.
That's a frank statement of facts and
we want you to substantiate them at
our risk
Rexall Orderlies are a gentle, effect
i've. dependable and safe bowel regu-
lator. strengthened and tonic. that are
eaten like candy. They re-establish
natures functions in a quiet, easy way.
They do not cause any Inconvenience.
gripping or nausea. They are so pleas
ant to take. and work so easily that
they may be taken by any one at any
time. They thoroughly tone up the
whole system to healthy activity They
have a most beneficial action upon the
liver.
Rexan Orderlies are unsurpasable
and ideal for the use of children. old
folks and delicate persons. We cannot
too highly recommend them to all suf-
ferers from any form of constipation
and its attendant evils. That's why
we back our faith in them with our
promise Of money back If they do not
give entire satisfaction. Two sizes: l.
tablets 10 cents and SO tablets % cents
Remember you can obtain Rexall Rem
The Rexan Store. The Lion Store
Pharmacy. Kaufman & Wolf. proprie-
tors: c. E. Nelson. r. P. manager.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-10-11
HEGEWISCH.

Mrs. Charles Fisher entertained a
number of ladies at her home on On
tario avenue last Friday afternoon in
honor of Mrs. Ed. Miles. who expects
to move away from town in a short
time. The ladies were entertained at
whist. Mrs. ]. Malkan received the
first prize and Mrs. w. c. Reed received
the consolation prize. About o'clock
the ladies were invited to the dining
room, where an elegant seven course
luncheon was served. The table was
beautifully decorated with pink and
white carnations and ferns. Those
present were as follows: Mesdames Ed.
Miles, S. Jones, Ed Hurd. A C. Nc
Donneli, B. A. Anderson, w. c. Reed,
A. A. Kuss. A. Mcconnell. Ed. Jacob
son, ]. Malkan, 1. Silverman and f.
| Guthridge. The ladies departed for
their homes at late hour. voting Mrs.
Fisher a very entertaining hostess.
Mr.. and Mrs. Arthur Anderson of Chi
cago were the guests of Mr.. and Mrs.
Ralph Watkins of Erie avenue over
! Sunday. They also attended the dance
Saturday evening and called on friends
and relatives Sunday afternoon.
Mr. and Mrs. Edward jacobson were
the guests of Mr.. and Mrs. J. Malkan
at dinner Friday evening in honor of
friend. who has been visiting here
for some tirae
Mrs. Miles of Logansport. Ind. is
here visiting her son. Ed. Miles, and
family of Superior avenue.
Mr. and Mrs Randolph of Crown
Point were the guests of Mr.. and Mrs
day.
John Hubbell, formerly Of Hegewisch
accepted a position as craneman in the
yard at the Western steel Car and
Foundry company last week.
The grand ball. given by the Ores
ton Pleasure club. at the Hegewiscf
Opera House. Saturday evening, was a
grand success. A large crowd from
out of town were present. and all seem
ed to have a good time.
Mrs W. Conlin has gone to East Chi
cago to take care of her brother. who
was severely injured while boarding {
street car last Sunday. He is reported
to be getting along very nicely.
Mrs. D. W. Dupes of Indiana Harbo
called on friends here Saturday after
noon.
Mr. and Mrs. v A. Beckman am
son. Clifford. spent Sunday Afternoon
with Mr.. and Mrs. Anderson at Rose
land
Mrs. H. Sendel is having her stor
building on Erie avenue remodeled
When completed it will be quite an i'm
provement TO that part Of the town.
Mrs. Roy Nellis. formerly Miss Mimi
Patton, was very pleasantly SURPRISE
last Thursday evening when numbe
) of her girl friends gave her kitchei
> shower at the home of her mother il
Burnham. where the newly marie
couple are residing at present. TIL
pretty little bride was at home bus
. preparing things for her new hon
when the girls came in and showere
! her with all kinds of kitchen utensil,
The evening was spent playing game.
after which a dainty luncheon wa
! served. At a late hour the guests de
parted having enjoyed a very pleasan
! evening and wishing the bride man
happy years of married life.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-10-11
MUNSTER.

Miss Eugenia Knots went to Chi
go Saturday.
Miss Ruby Wilson is spending the
week end at her home in Crown Point.
Charles Stallbohm was a Chicago
visitor yesterday
Miss Minnie Kaske saw The House
Next Doors" in Chicago Saturday.
Tony Kikkert, the son of Mrs. John
Kikkert. has gone TO live at Lansing
Ill. with his uncle. II. Kikkert. He
will attend the Holland Christian
school hereafter. Tony win be missed
by his many schoolmates here.
F. Roeber was a Hammond business
visitor yesterday.
Miss Winnie schoon is here to spend
Sunday at the home of her parents, Mr.,
and Mrs. G. 7. Schoon.
Mr.. Clausen Of Crown Point was here
for short time yesterday.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-10-11
LOWELL.
Meeting Is Held


The third annual picnic of the H. H.
Ragon Pupils association was held at
Sigler's hotel, Cedar Lake, Ind, last
Saturday. Two hundred former pupils
of Mr.. Ragon were in attendance. all
bringing their baskets well filled with
eatables. which. when spread on the
tables in the spacious dining room of
the hotel. was heartily devoured and
enjoyed in a palitable way by all
present. After dinner an interesting
musical and literary program was rem
dered. as follows:
Invocation. ....... Elder John Bruce
Solo. ................ Mrs. Otto Klein
Violin and Piano Observation-Disclosures.
Jessie Kanaar and Katie Kimmet
Address. .................. C. T. Bailey
Address. ............... c. E. Nichols
Essay: "Old School Days" .......
Observation-Disclosures. Martha SigleI
Poem ............... Jennie Dickinson
Recitation ..... Harriet Foster
Song: Faith Want ...........
Song: Twenty Years Ago" ........
.................H H. Ragor
Piano Solo. ....... Gertrude Dickinson
/ Solo .............M Mrs. George Foster
Benediction. .........E Elder John Bruc,
After the program a business meet
ing and election of officers resulted a!
follows:
Observation-Disclosures Bailey, Yves
Creek.
Vice president-c, Hayden, Crow:
Point.
Secretary-Elmer f. Ragon. Lowell
Treasurer-Mrs. F. Foster, Lowell.
These annual picnics affords an ex
cellent opportunity for old schoolmate
and their now aged teacher to NEE
and talk over olden times. and eacl
meeting is more and more enjoyed.
Mrs. Libbie Lenio and nephew. Jud
son Ragon. who have been visiting rel
atives here the last two months. an
Miss Ida Atkins. who has been visit
ing relatives here the last year. depart
ed this morning for California
Mrs. John Klein is visiting he
daughters in Hammond for a week.
Mrs John Hill was taken very Sc
riously i'll last Saturday and for som
children was all summoned to her bed
side
Mrs. H. S. Barr of Crown Point visit
ed her sisters Mrs. Emil sirois an
Mrs. P. L. Riggs here from Saturda
till Sunday
T. Sergeant is reported very seriousl
i'll
Oliver Palmer and Nathan Davi
who are working at East Chicago, Wis
tied their parents here over Sunday
Mr.. and Mrs. l. P Lavinder of Chics
go visited former acquaintance
Lowell over Sunday.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-10-11

made Mrs James Vanes the victim Of
a delightful surprise party Saturday
evening. the occasion being her 41st
birthday anniversary. They presented
her with beautiful sofa
Gladys German and Hester McLaugh-
lin Of the Hessville school We're ap-
pointed a committee to purchase flow
ers for Miss Anna Hopp. who is suffer-
ing with a growth in her throat. which
Ia of = sertors nature