The Kennewick courier. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1905-1914, 1909-12-31

deal Of good by eating wormy fruit
and thus destroying the worms.
Where 1t Is not convenient to allow
hogs or sheep In the orchard an occa-
sional load Of we'll rotted stable ma
nure will be beneficial DO not pile
this around the trees. but scatter 1t
evenly over the ground. Wood ashes
are good substitute for manure. but
can seldom be obtained in sufficient
amounts to be used to advantage.
II the orchard Is properly attended
to from the start little pruning will be
necessary. 1t is much better to pinch
of twig occasionally than to cut OF
a branch as big as -FOUR arm a few
years later. 1t takes but little time
to 60 over the orchard in the spring
and clip of such twigs as do not seem
to be needed. The object should be to
produce an even. spreading. some
what open head. II It ever does
become necessary to remove large
branches they should be cut close TO
the trunk and rhe wounds painted
with white lead. 1t is better to do
this severe pruning In. the winter tie
fore the sap begins 10 run.
& Spraying For Insects.
One of the most effective means Of
securing large crops Of fruit is spray
ing. Fruit trees Of all kinds are sub
jecr to many Injurious insects and dis
eases. which If left TO themselves will
materially lessen the yields. There are
two kinds Of insects-bfting and suck
ing. The former can be combated by
means of poisons sprayed upon the
leaves The sucking insects, Of which
plant lice are the most common exam
pies. cannot be killed In this way,
since they drill into the plant and suck
the Juices. The most effective remedy
for them is some tnsecficide which will
kill BY contact. like kerosene emulsion.
This is made by dissolving half
pound Of soap in gallon Of boiling
water. adding two gallons Of Kerosene
and churning the mixture violently un-
til the oil is thoroughly mixed with
the soapsuds. This il diluted with
nine times as much water before
using. 1t may be applied with spray
pump whenever the lice are trouble
some and Is very effective remedy
The biting insects are by far the
most troublesome in the orchard. OF
these the codling moth probably does
the most damage. 1t is the larvae
Matched from the eggs Of the codling
moth that cause wormy apples. The
tent caterpillar and canker worm at
tack the leaves. sometimes stripping
the tree bare. There Is no better rem
edy for these insects than paris green
dissolved in water at the rate of one
pound to 100 gallons. Three pounds OF
freshly slaked lime should be added to
prevent injury to the foliage. Paris
green can also be used for the plum
curculio and for the other insects which
attack the plum and cherry. The foil
age of these trees Is more tender than
that Of the apple, however, and for
that reason some less severe insec-
ticide, such as arsenate OF lead dis
solved at the rate of three pounds to
dfty gallons of water. is better.
Spraying For FUNGUS Diseases.
The most troublesome fungous dis
eases are apple scab, plum. pear and
cherry leaf spot and peach leaf curl
The most efficient fungicide Is Dor
deaux mixture. This is made by dis
solving four pounds of copper sulphate
and four pounds Of lime in fifty gal
Ions of water. The object Of q fungi
eide IL not to cure diseases. but to pre-
vent them. These fungous diseases
spread by means Of spores. which are
carried from leaf to leaf by the wind
When they alight on leaf. especially
il the surface. is a little moist. they
grow and produce another center Of
disease. II the leaf is covered with a
thin coating Of the copper sulphate
mixture the spores are KILLED before
they start to grow. Since fungicides
are preventives rather than cures it Is
important that they be applied early.
In order to save time paris green may
be added to the bordeaux mixture at
the rate Of four ounces to fifty gallons
or arsenate Of lead at the rate Of two
pounds to fifty gallons and one spray
ing made effective for both insects and
diseases.
II you have many fruit trees 1t will
pay to send to the experiment station
for spraying calendar. which will