davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1909-07-22
Making Money
| On the Farm
n.-Maintaining Fertility
By 6. v. GREGORY.
author Of Home Course In Modern
Agriculture"
Spyrisht 1909. by American Press
Association
Copyright 1909. by American Press
Association

KYOT all lands need tile drainage
I'M but there are none on which
the problem of maintaining
fertility Is not an important
JIM. Fertility Of the land in its broad
ess sense means its ability to produce
lnrge crops.
One of the important factors infu-
eDcing fertility is the amount of plant
fDod in the soil. Ten elements. car
tua, hydrogen, oxygen. calcium. mag.
Ifstum, iron, sulphur. nitrogen. potas-
1'un and phosphorus. are necessary to
1he growth of plants. From 80 to 95
srr cent of the dry matter Of plants Is
Easfe up of carbon, oxygen and by
Srpgen, which are obtained from air
ausa water. OF the others only three,
nSiTogen. phosphorus and potassium, are
Ess4'3 in such large quantities that the
supply in the soil is likely to become
Exhausted. These three are usually
ss'oken of as the essential plant foods.
Amount of Plant Food In Soils.
These plant foods are present in
Sarying amounts in all soils In many
cases 1t Is necessary to increase the
x9pply by the use of commercial fer.
siiizers. The real need of most soils.
however is not the addition OF more
III these materials. but the judicious
use Of those already there 1t is esti-
mated that there is enough phosphor-
W. ID the upper seven inches Of soil
ia the Mississippi valley to raise
hundred bushels Of corn to the acre
<Fesy year for sixty years and enough
s'ptxssium to last 600 years at the
ss'ps rate. Much of this phosphorus
nHu potassium is combined with other
Enaferials in such a form that it is I'M
available for the use of the plants.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1909-07-22

it Is allowed to decay in the barnyard
much Of the nitrogen Is lost, and rains
falling upon it also wash out other ele-
ments. The manure spreader Is an
implement that should be found in
every barnyard. The manure can be
loaded direct from the stables to the
spreader at almost all seasons Of the
year and spread in an even layer upon
the field. With a spreader the manure
can be made to cover twice as much
ground, so that the whole farm can be
gone over oftener.
While barnyard manure is undoubt-
eddy one Of the best means of main
tanning fertility, it cannot always be
had. Many farmers. because of their
location near markets which demand
certain crops, find it more profitable to
supply those crops than to raise live
stock. Others prefer grain farming
because it is less combining. Such farm
ers must have some method Of main
tanning fertility which does not depend
primarily upon manure.
The Value Of Glover.
The best substitute for manure Is
clover. Clover supplies an abundance
OF nitrogen. the most rapidly used Of
the three essential elements. Three
fourths of the air is made up Of nj
trogen. Clover and other leguminous
crops are able to get nitrogen from
this source by means Of bacteria which
live on their roots. These bacteria
change the nitrogen Of the air into nj
trates. u form in which it can be used
by the plants. Fully one-third Of the
nitrogen collected by the clover plant
Is left in the soil in the roots and stub
BILE. One crop of clover in four year
rotation will furnish nearly enough nj
trogen for the remaining three crops
In the rotation.
This is a much cheaper form of OBJ
tanning nitrogen than by purchasing it
In commercial fertilizers at 10 to Is
cents Il pound. 1t is much more profit
able to keep the nitrogen supply fairly
constant by the continued use Of rO-
tation with legumes than to add
large amount at one time. Nitrogen in
the form Of nitrates is readily soluble.
and every rain washes some Of it out
of the soil. This is not true Of the
other essential elements to any marked
extent. Too liberal supply of nitro
gen at one time tends also to promote
too rapid leaf growth at the expense
of fruit or grain.
The stubbe and roots Of the clover,
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1909-07-22
rubbish will do great deal to keep
up the humus supply. In addition to

FIG. Iv-LoADINo MANURE sPREADER.
some humus may have to be supplied
from some other source. This is espe-
cially true II the soil is naturally poor
In humus. One of the simplest ways
to supply this is by green manuring.
This means the turning under Of q
green crop, such as clover. cowpeas or
some other legume. This supplies both
humus and nitrogen. The best time to
pillow under such a crop is in the fall,
so that it will have time to decay be-
fore spring. A large mass of unde-
cayed material plowed under in the
spring checks the upward movement
Of moisture and is liable to make the
land sour.
Another method Of adding to the hu.
mus supply is by moving a crop Of
clover about haying time and letting 1t
lie on the ground. The second crop
can be cut in the same way or used for
fall feed or for seed.
"cIover Sick" Soil.
After clover has been grown for a
considerable length Of time, especially
II much has been plowed under for
green manure. the land is liable to be-
come ''clover sick" This Is caused by
an excess Of acid in the soil. This
acid can be neutralized by the applica-
ton Of ground limestone. Caus,ic or
quicklime is not so good as limestone,
since it burns up large quantities of
humus and in general is too violent in
it's action. Lime has another ndvan
taCe on clay soils In that 1t causes !, ~
particles to adhere together il large
masses. thus making ihr il ",
porous. The usual rate CT =. 49,.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1909-07-22

is from twenty to forty bushels to the
acre. With the application Of lime, as
we'll as with the adoption Of any other
new method. 1t is best to try 1t ON a
small scale first. Then If it proves
profitable its use can be extended.
The judicious use of clover or some
other legume will effectively solve the
humus and nitrogen problems. There
remains the question Of the potassium
and phosphorus supply. Clover also
aids with these. The humus formed
from it helps to dissolve the unavail-
able materials and prepare them for
the use Of the plant AS stated before,
there is enough potassium in the upper
seven inches Of the average prairie
soil to last COO years under the most
intensive culture and enough phos-
phorus for fifty years. Glover changes
this seven inches into twice as many
feet Clover roots 60 down ten or q
dozen feet or farther Alfalfa roots 80
down twenty feet or more. These deep
roots bring up minerals from the lower
layers Of soil and leave them where
the shallower rooted grain crops can
get them.
Making FERTILITY Available.
Gypsum. or land plaster has a con-
siderable effect In making potassium
and phosphorus available. Applied at
the rate Of 800 or 600 pounds per acre,
1t will often increase crop yields con.
siderably. It also has beneficial ef-
feet on alkali soils. Use one or two
bushels to the acre.
Probably the most effective way OF
making phosphorus. potassium or 9TH
er plant foods available is by tillage.
Frequent and thorough cultivation,
keeping the soil fine and mellow, ia.
vors the chemical processes by which
locked up plant food is made available.
1t must be remembered. however,
that the faster these materials are lib
Grated the sooner will the supply be-
come exhausted. When rotation with
legumes. tillage and the application Of
lime and gypsum no longer produce
results 1t is a sign that
there is lack Of potassium or phos-
phOrus. or both. In the soil. Phos.
phorus is more liable to become scanty
in amount since the supply is smaller.
Bonemeal and ground phosphate rock
are the best forms in which to apply
this material. The former is quicker
In its action. bat considerably more ex-
p'nsive. Potassium is usually bought
III the form Of muriate or sulphate.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1909-07-22

One Of the principal problems of the
farmer. then, is to make this stored fer
tility available.
One of the most effective means Of
doing this is by keeping the soil plen-
tifully supplied with humus. Humus
Is the name given to decaying organic
matter in the soil. 1t is the humus
that gives the dark, rich color to soils.
1t leaves that "brOwn streak In the
furrow" that farmers have long re-
garded as an indication Of fertility.
Humus gives the soil spongy texture
and greatly increases its water holding
capacity. 1t also makes the soil lighter
and warmer. Soils which contain large
amounts of humus do not bake or
become cloddy easily. They are mel
low and respond readily to cultivation
Humus contains considerable nitrogen
ard furnishes home for bacteria,
which aid in making plant food avail
able. Certain acids are also formed in
the decaying Of humus that aid in
making the phosphorus and potas-
stun available. 1t might almost be
said that the chief problem Of main
tanning fertility is the problem Of keep
ing the soil supplied with humus.
Maintaining tho Humus Supply.
Probably the best way Of maintain
ing this humus supply is by the liberal
use Of barnyard manure. The surplus
straw should be used for bedding. so
as to save all the liquid portion and
add to the bulk OF the manure. Shred
ded fodder is also good for this pur.
pose. The manure should be hauled
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1909-07-22

YOT all lands need tile drainage
I'M but there are none on which
the problem of maintaining
Coeur d'Alene evening press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1907-1929, 1909-06-11
WILL ENTERTAIN
WISCONSIN MEN
Commercial Club Appoints q
Committee to Look After
Visitors.

The Commercial club held its reg
ular dinner at the Hotel Idaho last
evening 1t was well attended. aud
a number of questions of general in
terest were discussed.
Deputy Fruit Inspector Buckley
advised the club that he had secured
an excellent space at the Alaska-Yuk-
on exposition for the county exhibits,
and that he was now engaged in col
lecting IL, and that as soon as collect
ed 1t wolld be sent to Seattle. He
asked all those desiring to contribute
and to turn over their collections TO
him here and II would be forwarded
with the remainder OF the exhibit
Mr.. Barr. OF the firm of VIM Barr
Chainey stated that AFT those desiring
to contribute to the exhibit could
leave their collection at the store OF
the firm and this met with the APP
probation of MIR. Buckley.
The attention of the club was
called to the fact that a delegation OF
Wisconsin men who are on a tour or
the west. and who for the past few
days have been visiting in Walls q.
will arrive in the city tomorrow at
II o'clock. and a committee was APP
pointed to meet the delegation. and
also TO entertain those composing 1t
during their stay In the city. The
committee consists of Hon. r. T.
Kerl, Z. y. LaVeine and T. {. Grier,
The club was also advised that a
pamphlet. descriptive OF the points
OF interest and the marvellous re-
sources of Occur d'Alene and sur
rounding country which was ordered
published and printed under the d.
rection Of the club some time ago
was about completed. and that Il
would be ready for distribution next
week.
Coeur d'Alene evening press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1907-1929, 1909-06-11
sUFF'RAGisT SAYS lag
IsLAToRs ARE DEGENERATEs
Displeased BecauSe pet Measure
FMils-d.

OAKLAND. Cal. June li.--Mrs
Lillian Conn. a prominent suffrage
worker OF San Francisco. caused 3
sensation in suffrage circles here To-
day by designating the members Of
the California legislature a. deEsn-
crates The remark VAS made Al
meeting 81 the amendment league
wasn in the course Of her address,
Mrs, Conn declared that the meas
ures the league desired passed wsre
deserving. and Also proceeded 20
tate that II women secure anything
al The hands Of the legislature 1t Ia
merely > personal favor She fur
Their said. II requires courage 10 X
before a body Of dsEeneraiss and
plead ; cause and they are mostly de-
generates as the splendid men lh
the senate are IN the minority.
Coeur d'Alene evening press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1907-1929, 1909-06-11
LARD FROM
SEWER AND FLOOR
Scraped UP and Sold to Peo-
pie as U. S. Inspected
and Passed.

ST. LOUIS, June 11.-After IS
months service as a United States
meat inspector in East st. Louis
hacking houses, J. G. Harms has re-
signed and has written a letter to
Secretary of Agriculture Wilson de-
handing an investigation of the meat
inspection system of the National
stock yards.
The inspection at the National
stock yards is costing the people APP
proximately 100000 year, and it
is not actually worth 81 to them"
writes Mr. Harms.
Il have seen from 1900 to 1900
pounds of lard spilled on the floor
and which ran down an open sewer
in the floor, the sewer outlet being
quickly blocked and said lard taken
up from the floor and out of the sew
er. both of which were unclean and
unsanitary from walking over the
spume and filth which naturally finds
its way into any sewer.
And your Drs. Clancy and Mead
er passed the same to the packers
over the protest of the inspector on
that floor, and it went to public
markets United States inspected and
passed
Coeur d'Alene evening press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1907-1929, 1909-06-11
PROF. FRENCH
HAS HEARING
Transaction of Experiment Sta.
ton in Spot Light

MOSCOW. Idaho. June ll.-Pro-
lessor Hirman T. French, who re-
Gently resigned the dictatorship Of
the agricultural experiment station
at the University of Idaho. was
granted a hearing extending over
two hours by the regents. While ad-
hitting that he had approved the
vouchers for the disbursing of the
Morrerl and Hatch government
funds, he said he did so reluctantly,
although these accounts, up to the
present year. had been examined
and approved by an accountant on
behalf of the United States.
In reply to Judge McCutcheon.
when asked IL he appeared before
the regents as a private citizen or
as an official of the agricultural col
lege, Professor French said: Il come
as a private citizen. My relations
with the institution are over, be-
cause, under no consideration, would
l ever undertake any work In con-
nection with President MacLean OF
the University"
When asked why he wanted
hearing Professor French said that
his grievance was because he had
not been accorded a hearing at the
time of his resignation and that he
was not given a chance to defend
himself. When asked why he did
not ask for hearing at the time, he
replied that he would If he had CIV
en- the matter a second thought
The substance of Prof. French's
statement was an explanation OF diff
ference of opinion between himself
and President MacLean, which was
of such a nature that the institution
was not large enough for both of
them. Developments relative to the
dissension in the experimental sta
ton stan and their different atti-
tudes will doubtless reach the eli
max at tomorrow's session and sew
eral removals are predicted.
Coeur d'Alene evening press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1907-1929, 1909-06-11
HEALTH CONDITIONS
ON ISTHMUS OF PANAMA
Reported Favorable Under American
Supervision.

WASHINGTON, ID. c., June IL
Health conditions on the Isthmus of
Panama, which have been one OF the
governments wonderful achieve
ments in connection with the work
on the canal. are favorable to an ex-
traordinary degree. Colonel w. c.
Gorgas who converted the disease in
fected zone into the most delightful
region in the tropics is bringing
about steadily improved conditions.
Last month there was not a single
death from typhoid fever on the Is
thmus. 1t is doubtless true that no
area in any of the great nations OF
the world having as large a pOpula-
ton can make a similar boast. NO
case of smallpox, plague or yellow
fever developed on the lsthmus' al
though all those diseases prevail In
the ports north and south OF the zone.
The deaths among the employees were
at the rate OF SIS per thousand and
the death rate for the total popula-
ton was the lowest reported since
American occupation.
II might be remarked. however
that the zone is a decidedly unheaith-
full locality for the warriors of the
prize ring. Sandy" odom. an Amer
lean negro and Arthur Best. Bar
badian. were convicted on the charge
Of prize lighting. sandy was hned
1900 and sentenced to serve Is
months at hard labor. Best vas
sentenced to pay $1,000 and serve
one year. execution being suspended
during good behavior.
Coeur d'Alene evening press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1907-1929, 1909-06-11
GREAT NORTHERN CoI.-
LISBON KILLS ENGINEER
Cras.h Of Trains Occurs Rounding
Curve Near Vancouver, u. q.

VANCOUVER. d. G.. June H.
Two engineers. Robert Nicholl and
A. L. McPhetters, were killed out
right aud a fireman. name unknown,
also mel instant death lass evening
in a head-on collision ON the Great
Northern railway near Burnaby. Ave
miles out OF Vancouver.
The trains in collision we're No.
ga. which left Seattle at sac a. m.
yesterday morning Tor Vancouver.
and a local bound for Ladner. %. e.,
which lett Vancouver al $:45.
The Ladner train WAS delayed In
leaving Vancouver by the draw
bridge being opened at the False
Greek bridge. Five minutes late, the
train was just entering VOLTS sid
ing when the Vancouyer-bound train.
whose engineer apparently believed
he had clear track. Numbered
around the curve The locomotives
were smashed In the head-on impact.
Fireman Blondeau, OF the Ladner
train, jumped aud his life was saved
Engineer Nieholl. of the LadneT
train was killed outright he had a
few minutes before obtained leave TO
go on his vacation tomorrow.
Engineer McPhetters. OF Seattle.
took the place OF Engineer McCade
on the fatal run today. MeCade on a
previous occasion had escaped death
by taking q holiday.
William curtis. a student engin-
eer. who was riding In the cab Of the
Laduer engine. vas cut and bruised
TIE coaches were not demolished
Two women we're severely shaken up
and were taken to the hospital. One
other man, a passenger. was also ser
iously injured.
Conductor flanagan OF the Seattle
train Was injured internally aud wRs
taken 10 the hospital. but Will prob
ably recover. The Injured we're
brought TO Vancouver on a special
train.
Coeur d'Alene evening press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1907-1929, 1909-06-11
TAFT TALKS OF
CHURCHES
This Country Broad Enough for
All Denominations and
Religious Liberty.

WASHINGTON. June 1i.-TAas
complete church emulation" Il
good thing and that there should 30
In this country no 'invidlous dlatlne-
tions in elections because OF religious
belief were the keynotes Of tha a.
dress made last night by President
Taft before the congress Of Roman
Catholic missionaries IN session TO-
day In this city.
Mr.. Taft spoke principally Of the
work In the Philippines and the aim
eultiea caused by the close relation
ship there OF the church and govern
meht lie expressed the opinion that
in the end the church would 81
strengthened by the change there. ''aa
freedom and federation and tbs COM
piete separation OF the church and
state have strengthened the church
In this country"
Referring to his visit TO Pope Leo
XIII and the subsequent settlement
Of the church problems in the Phillip
pines he declared that few extremists
In this country had found any excep-
ton thereto.
II venture 10 aay. added the prea-
ldent. that II this VISIT 10 Rome had
occurred 80 years ago Il would have
sunk any administration responsible
for Il, which goes TO show that this
country Is broad enough for all De-
nominations 10 work together for TIE
fatherhood OF God aud the brother
hood OF man. and 10 allow all OF ua 20
live here as American citizens. and
that we should make no Invldlona
distinctions In elections becanea %
religious belief
ROme's View of the Unitsd states.
ROME. June iI.--AfteF giving
ioas, Ia honor Of the guests ~ the
American college Jubilee today Mon-
signor Kennedy asked Archbishop
Farley TO propose the toast to the
pope. The archbishop compared the
pontihcaic Of Plus X with those OF
bis predecessors OF the same name,
and declared that the present ponti.
iicate surpassed all lie made spec
lal reference TO the manner In which
the pope. when summoned by Chrlsien-
dom. had guarded against the sin
called modernism. As was the case
under the reign Of Plus VI aud Plus
VII the pope had been made 70 unf.
fer through France. the eldest daugh.
ter Of the church.
Archbishop oconhell proposed the
toast. The United States lie de-
scrlbed the love the people had for
the church aud the pope. and espee-
lally their love for their country. The
greatest security In America against
the dangers OF license, he declared.
consisted IN the liberty Of the church.
Mgr Faiconio. the apostolic dele.
gate at Washington. gave a toast TO
the American Hierarchy. lie said
that he loved America because Amer.
leans wsrs among the best nabieets
Of the holy see throughout the world.
Coeur d'Alene evening press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1907-1929, 1909-06-11
col. GEORGE HARVEY
HARPER'a wERRY MOUTH
sPouts and sputtrrs Over Personal
Opinl0a of BsYRn.


LAWRENCE. Kansas. June IL
Col. George Harvey. Of Harpers
Weekly AZ a banquet given in bis
honor by > class In Journalism des-
ignaied Vim. Jennings BryAn's head
a. = breakfast food receptacle. The
colonel stated that after be had met
Bryan and talked with him some
time ago 10 London be became con
WINGED that the country should have
a democratic president. and that he
decided 10 give him the support Of
his paper. You remember Bryan
came home. said Harvey. land
made = speech IN Madison square
Garden. Then he came out here and
did the same thIBg and aA0wed that
bic head was full Of muah. and BE-
cause Of Il ! dld not see my way
clear 70 support him."
Coeur d'Alene evening press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1907-1929, 1909-06-11
INLAND EMPIRE DAY
AT SEATTLE EXPOSITION
Arranging for Special Excursions
From Spokane.

From Spokane.
SPOKANE, Wash, June IL
Spokane will present several novel
ties in its parade at the Alaska-Yuk-
on-Pacifc exposition grounds on
Spokane day, June 20. when its mem
bers will be joined by guests from
Lewiston. Wallace and Occur d.
Alene, Idaho, Nelson and Fernie, b.
C., Calgary and Lethbridge, Alta,
Paseo and other towns in the In
land Empire. The party now being
organized under the direction of l..
e. Monroe, secretary of the chamber
OF commerce, will be composed of
2i9 in one section of a special train
or $40 If two sections are run, as is
now expected. The first train will
leave on June "a, returning at noon
on June 2S.
The program includes the formal
dedication of the Spokane building
at the exposition. Rev. DIR. William
J. Hindley, pastor of Pilgrim Con-
gregational church and chaplain of
Inc chamber of commerce will be
The orator of the day. and there will
DE brief talks by Frederick f. Good
al. president of the chamber of COM
merce; Nelson s. Pratt. Mayor of
spokane; +. X. McBroom. chairman
OF The board of county commission
ers; Governor Marion E. Hay. E. F.
Iartier Van Dissel, chairman of the
BOARD Of trustees of the National APP
Pie show of 1909. and R. Insinger,
chairman of the board of control of
me National irrigation congress. The
exercises will take place in the adj
UlaistFaiion building. where the ex-
position band and the Elks' quartet
u spokane will furnish the music
me secodn day will be devoted to
3sh'-seeing and visiting the various
EXHIBITS, while on June % there will
y an all day excursion on board the
steamer Chippewa to the navy yard
hfemertOn. the San Juan island:
and Hood canal.
ar. Monroe has arranged for this
.s''ioation Of 10000 souvenir coins
'e'oee Spokane buttons. 1000 rib.
Jons and 1000 canes. The ladies Of
:, party viii compose the reeep
u committee at the exposition.
Coeur d'Alene evening press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1907-1929, 1909-06-11
LUMBER INDUSTRY
REVIVEs IN THE EAST
Heavy Ord-ru Received By Western
ManufmcturcrS.

SEATTLE. Wash. June H.
Washington lumhermen are highly
pleased today By eastern news ind
eating revival Of the lumber indus
try. News reached the city in the
form Of specifications for lumber or
ders aggregatinE over twelve million
feet. which are expected to bring In
10 the northwest over a quarter OF
a million dollars. Specifications came
from the ear manufacturers OF Chi
eaEO, 81. Louis and Milwaukee This
is the hrSt big lumber order received
in the state OF Washington for
nearly q year.