davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-11-15
AVIATION FUND INCREASED
ADDITIONS BRING THE TOTAL
UP TO $43,ose.
Washington Committee to Go With
Baltimoreans to New York
November %.

The aviation fund Of the Washington
Aero Club today reached $43,OS6. The
committee Of five that was named by
Thomas F. Walsh at a meeting at his
homo last Friday will meet with SIM
liar committee from Baltimore. named by
Col. Jerome H. Joyce. president OF the
Baltimore Aero Club, and will go to New
York November q, where they will lay
the proposal to hold the international
meet in Washington before the Aero Club
Of America. They will invite President
CORTLAND Field Bishop to send COM
mittee to Washington to look over the
ground and the decision about holding the
meet near Washington will be made soon
after that.
The list Of subscribers to the aviation
fund given out today was as follows:
H. X. Porter, 500; John Morris. So:
James F. Oyster, 500; Thomas w. Smith.
800: Byron 8. Adams, $50; James A. Ca
hill, $50: b. F. Saul. 500: Scott c. Bone,
500, u. 8. Porter. SIS; F. B. Mcclure. $50;
Hugo worch. 500; r. Harris & Co..
$50: F. S. Hight, $25: Friend. $3.50;
Hoover & Denham. 800: Samuel Ross.
800; b. F. Smith FireproOf Construc-
ton Company, $25; Shaw & Brown
Company. $40: William H. De Lacy. $40;
G. r. Heilprin. $25: George Howard,
500; William D. Hoover, $50: simpson
sullivan Company. $50 Total. $43.OS6.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-11-15
suBrERRANEAN ANIMAL LIFE.
Resembles General Type Of the
Country-changes in Animals.

VOuuLIy- AA @s'
From the Chicago Tribune.
The underlife Of the caves has a world
OF its own. Animals are born In subter-
ranean caverns followed out by streams,
develop, reproduce and die while forever
deprived Of the sunlight. There is no cave
mammal except a rat. nor IL there a cave
bird. There are no animals that require
much nourishment. -
Grottoes with underground rivers have
the most life. Usually the subterranean
life resembles the general types of the
country. It has entered the cave and be-
come acclimated there. undergoing divers
adaptive notifications. So We generally
find, in modified forms, the life OF our
time. But in some caverns there seems
to be the remains OF an ancient animal
life that has everywhere else disappeared
from terrestrial rivers and lives only In
certain caverns.
The creatures Of modern species that
conditions are sharply separated from the
light dwellers. Their skin Is whl,Ish, or
transparent. The eye atrophtes or disap-
pears altogether. The optic nerve and the
optic lobe disappear. leaving the brain
velop in proportion. Those Of hearing.
smell, touch. become large. sensitive
hairs, long and coarse, appear all over
the body.
These changes are produced gradually.
In animals kept In darkness 1t has been
possible to see the repression Of the eye
and the hypertrophy of the other sense
ORGANS. With fishes observed sinc' 1900
the absence Of light determined re-
markable arrest OF growth. Their length
was about two inches and their weight
less than an ounce. whereas similar fish
kept in daylight reached five inches ana
two and seven-tenths ounces.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-11-15
BACK IN THE DISTRICT JAIL
LETCHMERE BROUGHT HERE
FROM OHIO PEN.
Finishing Term There He Is to Be
Tried for Thefts From Ma
tional Museum.

Edward Letchmere. alias Clarendon
Henry. arrived here this morning in Gus
tody of United States marshal, from
Columbus, Ohio. having just finished a
term in the penitentiary there for stealing
a valuable painting from q Cincinnati art
museum.
Letchmere, who Is twenty-eight years OF
age, is to be tried in this city on a charge
Of stealing several exhibits from the Ma
tional Museum in January, 1907. He was
arrested January 10 of that year by De-
tectives Pratt, Hewlett, McNamee and
Helan.
Following the robbery in Cincinnati
Letchmere was arrested in New York city
while trying to dispose Of the painting
and was taken back to Cincinnati. where
he was tried and convicted. While in the
county Jail in that city prior to his trans
fer to the penitentiary at Columbus he
planned and successfully carried out a
daring delivery, In which a number of the
most desperate men In the institution par
ticipated. The men sawed the bars of a
cell and escaped.
Lethmere was placed in the north wing
Of the United States jail here. Five days
after being confined there he attempted
to gain his liberty and to take several
confidants with him. He had made
saw out Of the steel shank from one of
his shoes, and sawed two bars of his cell
door.
Later the Cincinnati authorities asked
for him and he was taken to Columbus
to serve his sentence. When his sentence
expired Detective Pratt Of this city was
waiting for him with a bench warrant
from Justice Stafford Of the District Su-
preme Court. He was given a hearing
before a United States commissioner and
ordered to be brought back to Washing
ton.
Warden Mckee stated that he expected
to receive Lethmere at the jail this after
noon.
at am not afraid Of him. said the
warden. He will be treated the same as
any other prisoner except that he will
have a special watch because of his at
tempt to escape when locked up before"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-11-15
Theaters Of Different Ages.

From the century
The difference between the playhouse In
which we see a drama OF Mr. Bronson
Towards today and the playhouse In
which Sheridan's comedies were originally
acted is greater than the difference be-
tween Sheridan's Drury Lane and the
house for which Congreve wrote and In
which Betterton acted. And that restora-
ton playhouse was very unlike the Eliza
bethan theater for which Shakespeare
wrote and In which Burbage acted. Even
more apparent il the difference between
the theater Of Dionysius at Athens and the
Roman theater at Orange. These theaters
are sharply distinguished from one an
other by their size. by their shape. by
their methods of illumination. by the alb
sence or presence Of real scenery, and by
the arrangement Of the seats for the spec
tators: and as we study these successive
changes we are confirmed In the convic-
ton that these physical conditions must
have exerted a powerful influence upon
tho dramatists who followed one another
down the centuries.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-11-15
had been frustrated by the removal Of
the negro.
Acryced of Indifference

Ship lived only a few blocks from the
fail. and when he was notified by the
F., trial judge and the prosecuting attorney
that a mob was at the jail he went there
, alone. Although for an hour in the midst
did not seek to obtain information so
that he could identify any of its men,
bers.
The court, In finding Shipp guilty. com
mented on a published interview alleged
to have been had with Ship. The peo-
pie of Hamilton county were willing to
let the law take its course until it be-
came known that the case would not
probably be disposed of for four or five
years by the Supreme Court OF the
United States,' It quoted Shipp as say
ing. But the people would not submit
to this. and l do not wonder at it."
Chief Justice Fuller, in pronouncing
people was significant. for he was a
candidate for reelection and had been
told that his saving the prisoner from
the first attempt to mob him would cost
him his place, and he had answered that
he wished the mob had got him before he
did
The court held that Gibson must have
believed mob would attack the Jail the
night johnson was lynched. but although
he was In charge of the jail more than
two hours before its arrival, he made no
effort TO summon assistance to repel the
attack The testimony of Mrs Baker a
white prisoner, to the effect that Gibson
told her before the mob arrived that IT
was coming and for her to go to her cell,
was referred to.
Williams and Nolan participated in the
lynching, the court held upon the strength
of direct testimony TO that effect. State
ments made by Padgett and Mayes were
held as evidence of their guilt.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-11-15
A Boom for Apple-G Growing.

From the Portland Press.
The New England fruit show in Bos-
ton this week, with it's accompanying leo
lures, speeches and literature. should give
orcharding q mighty impulse in this Sec
ers Is hard to start. We have in Maine
a live and energetic state genealogical So
ciety. whose papers form q prominent
and attractive part Of the agricultural
reports. and there are men like DIR.
Twitchell who in season and out of sea-
son have been urging improved methods
of apple culture. Efforts have been made
In other ways to work up interest and
give instruction. Notably there Is the
new state experiment farm in Monmouth.
be devoted largely to the making Of ex-
periments and the giving of object les
sons in orcharding.
All these things should make some i'm
preston, and they doubtless have made
some. but the observing traveller about
the country cannot fail to be impressed
by the number Of old and neglected or
chards and the scarcity Of young and
thrifty ones, cared for as they should be.
The apple Is the king Of fruits; It Is q
money producer; much of the lands in this
section 10 as we'll adapted to its produc-
ton as any In the world; there are gold
en- opportunities on every hand, but Ii
has been hard to arouse the people to
these opportunities. The Boston show
ought to help in stimulating interest. II
Is pronounced the largest and finest of
the prominence of Maine in 1t is crafty
ing to local pride. 1t all goes to show
the possibilities In the rocky acres of the
hillsides.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-11-15
NEW EPOCH BEGUN.
Natives In India to Share In Coun.
ellis Of the Country.

S1MLA. British India. November H.
The plan for the reform OF the British
administration OF India, which was out
lined by Lord Morley, secretary Of state
for India In the house Of lords last De-
cember. and which Is designed to give
India an embryo constitution admitting
the natives to an important share In the
legislation OF the country. came into
effect today. Thus begins a new and
striking epoch In the history of Brit
ish rule in India
For more than three years the i'm
pertal government and the Indian ad-
ministration have wrestled with the de-
tails Of the plan recently adopted Un-
der this program all religions and spe-
ctal interests may elect representatives
to the viceroy's and provincial councils
but in view OF recent anarchistic out
breaks a safeguard is provided in q
qualification which empowers the i'm.
perial and provincial governments &c
declare Ineligible those persons whose
election Is considered contrary to pub
lie interests.
The viceroy's council in the future
will have $40 members instead OF 1875
as formerly. OF whom 135 will be elect
ed. as against SO elected heretofore
The functions of the council will be
considerably enlarged. and IL will be en-
abled TO take an active part I'm the
making of the budget and all legisla-
ton. The new councils will assemble In
January.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-11-15
AWAITS HIS CONFIRMATION
NEW POSTMASTER TO TAKE
CHARGE AFTER SENATE ACTS.
Il in Receipt Of Messages Of Con-
graduation From His Friends
In Other Cities.

Dr. Charles p. Grandfield. the newly ap-
pointed postmaster at Washington. said
today he is making arrangements for
his bond 30 that there need be no I'M
necessary delay in taking charge Of the
office when his nomination was confirmed
by the Senate. He has no idea Of en-
tering upon his new duties until that
time.
DR.. Grandfeld said he was In receipt
OF a large number of letters and tele-
grams congratulating him upon his Sc
lection from postal officials and friends
in other cities. The doctor is widely
known throughout the country in postal
circles and very popular with its officials
generally.
He said he had nothing to add to what
had already been said as to proposed
changes In the Washington ONCE There
would be no sensational changes when he
took charge. he said, and no action taken
which need excite apprehension on the
part of any one. oPstal reforms in which
the Postmaster General is interested he
said. would be inaugurated and prosecut-
ed. but always with due regard to the
best possible service.
Although / may vote in Missouri" he
said, Il am not a politician, and there
need be no apprehension on that score"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-11-15
No Intention of Resigning as
Chief of Police.
TOO MUCH WORK AHEAD
Couldn't Think Of Quitting Job Un.
der Present Circumstances.
NO WISH TO BE COMMISSIONER
Use Of His Name for Place by
Friends Not Authorized by
Him, He Declares.

MAJ. Richard Sylvester, chief Of police
does not intend to resign.
In emphatic terms this afternoon he
pronounced unfounded the rumors to the
effect that he would soon relinquish his
position at the head of the police force
Of the National Capital.
Il have no aspirations to be a Com
missioner, and have no intention to give
up my present position" he declared to
a reporter Of The Star. MY friends have
used my name in connection with the va
cant commissionerships. but 1 have not
authorized It,
I have too much work for the police
department to push through to give UP
my position with 1t. My work for the
department is not completed. I have a
pension bill before Congress which !
wrote; and I have other matters for
the good Of the department which 1
wish to push through. Even though it
would be q sacrifice for me to stay
here. I could not give up my position
with this work unaccomplished."
Maj. Sylvester began his connection
with the police department in 1889.
when he was made chief property clerk
police chief. and his performance Of the
exacting duties Of the position, espe-
cially at fnaugurations and other times
when great crowds have been handled
In the National Capital. has won gen.
eral commentator for him.
Denied by Commissioner West.
Commissioner West declared this
morning that he had given no Interview
intimating that he expected that Mai
Sylvester would resign or that Mai
Sylvester had discussed such a prob
ability with him. although he was
quoted to that effect in a morning
newspaper. He said that he had been
told by Maj. Sylvester some time ago
or business opportunity which had
been presented to him. but that there
was no tntimation at that time or since
that the chief OF police intended to re-
sign or ask for retirement on a police
pension.
Both Commissioner West and Mai.
Sylvester declared that they had no
idea how the rumor Of the chiefs res
ignation originated.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-11-15
MINISTER HERE.
Il Awaiting ohdcial Recognition by
President Taft.

Senior Isidoro Hazera. who succeeded
Senior Espinosa as Nicaraguan minister
to the United States. is at the New Will
lard awaiting President Taft's conven-
fence to receive him in his diplomatic ca
pacity. In a recent interview. referring
to his mission, Senior Hazera said:
$50 long az / am the minister from
Nicaragua to this country shall strive
for closer fraternity and a warmer
friendship between the Central American
nstiops and with the United States. We
Of Central America have the greatest re-
spect and admiration for this great coun-
try. which, by it's virtues. has the bless
ing of providence. / have never been In
this country as a diplomatic representa-
tive. but I have travelled extensively over
all parts Of 1t. and know 1t Is . wonder
TT il because Of your progress, indus
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-11-15
ORIGIN OF THE ROD.
Used In Driving Oxen, It Came
Handy in Measuring Land.

From the buil0efe Joufnai
The origin of the rod, pole or perch
as a lineal and superficial measure has
been traced to the rod. pole or goad
used to urge and direct a team Of oxen
pulling a plough. 30 II came about II
was used as a convenient and handy
land measure in feudal times by the lords
In allotting plots Of land for agricultural
purposes to the villeins and others
One rod wide and forty long q. e.. one
furrow long. deep built up q quarter of
an acre. The furlong, or four poles wide
and same depth. e.. forty poles. one
acre-was a convenient length for a fur
row before turning the plough. OF
course these lengths somewhat varied In
different parts of the country where soils
and agriculture varied. but gradually the
slight variations grew less and finally
the present accepted statutory acre was
evolved.
Gunter's chain of sixty-six feet (ten
square chains to the acre. was invented
by the Rev. Edmund Gunter Q5S1-1626).
He was a professor of astronomy at
Gresham College. London. and ingeniously
adapted IL to facilitate decimal calcu-
lations in land measurements. The use
of the rod In superficial measurements of
brick work and lineally In hedges.
bitches and fences followed as a con-
| venient existing measure.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-11-15
PROPERTY HELD FOR HIS SONS
DISPOSITION MADE OF ESTATE
By GEN. coPPINoER.
Wills Of Former Paymaster Roch-
ester, Leopold Neumyer and
Other Field for Probate.

The will of Gen. ]. ]. Copinger. L. s. A..
retired. dated February -. 1892. was filed
today for probate. He expresses the de-
sire that his sons be educated In the Ro-
man Catholic religion until they reach
majority, when they are to be told that
such education was the wish OF their
mother and father and is to comprise a
part of their inheritance
With the exception of annuities OF so
to each OF his sisters. Alice and Margaret
Coppinger. the entire estate is left to the
CITY Trust Company OF New York in
trust for his two sons. James G.. Blaine
Coppinger and ConOr w. Blaine Coppin-
ger. until each attains the age of twenty
five years. when he shall receive his share
of the estate.
Will Of William Beatty Rochester.
The will Of Brig. Gen. william Beat
ty Rochester. dated May -. 1905. was
also filed for probate. To his son Will
liam b. Rochester, jr.. and his daugh-
ter. Alice Rochester Fenton. Is left a
one-third interest each On his entire
estate. The other third is to be held for
the benefit Of his son Henry NJ Roches-
ter for life. The testator declares he
had previously made over a quarter OF
his property to his invalid daughter.
Annie T. Rochester. William b. Roch-
ester. jr.. is named as executor.
Leopold Neumyer's Bequests.
BY the terms Of the will OF Leopold
Neumeyer, dated December II 1905, his
home at AT 10th street southwest, with
the household effects. is left to his three
daughters. Lily ID. Neumeyer. Anna b.
Neumeyer and May v. Parton: premises
sos street southwest is left to his
daughter, Ida NJ. Neumeyer: house sos
street to his grandson, Charles Ten
nesson; 215 10th street southwest to his
daughter. Lily D., and $40 Sth street
southwest to his daughter Anna. His
daughter May is to have premises 5l1 sth
street south west. his piano and all money
on deposit In the National Bank OF Wash
ington.
To his son, Edwin II. Neumeyer. is
left house No. 521 9Th street southwest.
subject to payment OF 500 to Ida M.
Neumeyer. The remaining estate is left
to the daughters. Lily D.. Anna b. and
May W, who are also named as execu-
trices.
One-Third to Son.
Louise Davenport by her will dated
August Il, 1908. leaves her son. Edward.
one third Of all her property. the re-
mainder to be distributed equally among
George, Roy and Louis Hughes. Rev.
william d. Jarvis is named as executor.
The entire estate OF Catharine c.
Gideon Is left to her daughter, Susan q.
Colt, by the terms of the mothers Will.
dated April -. 1891. and filed for probate.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-11-15
DECLARED ENEMY OF LABOR
STEEL CORPORATION CONDEMN
ED BY THE A. r. OF. L.
Special Meeting Of Delegates to Plan
Warfare Against Organization.
Mitchell's Speech.

TORONTO, Ont. November 15.-With a
unanimous chorus Of yeas" the Ameri-
can Federation of Labor today adopted
a resolution introduced by President p. J.
McArdle of the Amalgamated Association
Of Iron. Steel and Tin Workers Of North
America declaring the United States Steel
Corporation to be the most formidable
and aggressive enemy with which the
organized labor movement has to con-
tend. and recommending that q meeting
be held during the present convention OF
the executive officers Of all organizations
represented. and the president and secre-
tary Of the American Federation Of La
Dor. to outline a campaign Of organization
among the, employees Of the steel corpora
ton. and devise ways and means to max
ing the fight against that corporation
more effective.
The attack upon the saloon at yester-
days big temperance meeting in Massey
Hall by Vice President John Mitchell and
Treasurer John B. Lennon Of the Ameri-
can Federation Of Labor and President
Thomas L. Lewis Of the United Mine
Workers was the subject Of much quiet
discussion today among the delegates
Although the meeting was not directly
under the auspices OF the federation. II
was largely attended by the delegates and
was conducted by Rev Charles stelzle. a
fraternal delegate from the Federal
Council Of the Churches Of Christ In
America. The meeting has stirred UP the
representatives OF the brewery workers
bartehders and cigarmakers, and there Is
a possibility that they may have some
thing to say later in the convention.
Circulars caricaturing the prohibition
movement for workingmen and declaring
that q workingman's total abstinence
union was "a most needed organization
in the interest Of Quack theologians' were
distributed In the convention hall today
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-11-15
SQUADRON CHIEF GOES HIGHER
Rear Admiral Harber to Command
Pacific Fleet.

Rear Admiral Giles II. HARDER, now
commanding the third squadron Of the
Pacific fleet. will shortly be made COM
mander-in-chief OF the fleet as the relief
Of Rear Admiral Uriel Sebree. who is
coming home in anticipation Of his statu-
tory retirement February 20 next. Ad-
miral Sebree has had command Of the
Pacific fleet since October 8. 1907. and re-
Gently took the armored cruiser squadron
from San Francisco to Manila. Admiral
HARDER will be succeeded In command of
the third squadron Of the fleet by Rear
Admiral John Hubbard, formerly naval
aid 10 the assistant secretary Of the navy.
He was recently promoted.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-11-15
Wallets for Students.
From the Chicago Evening Post.


Undergraduates who entered the often
melancholy entrance to the deans Office
at Yale University this week were met
with the conspicuously posted sign, mo
private servants are allowed in the col
lege buildings" Yale has always been
opposed to Wallets. but to the western
collegian 1t must seem strange that these
luxurious impedimenta should have to be
formally barred from the campus. Such
a prohibition would sound like boisterous
farce at Illinois. and II would be little
short Of a riot call at Wisconsin. But II
is a more serious matter in the sophisti-
Gated east. and there are graduates of
Harvard today who wish that Yale's sign
board could have been posted in the mag
nificent private dormitories at Cambridge
q decade ago. Body servants are not
needed at our universities. little more
intellectual valeting 10 the tonic being
prescribed by every academic practitioner
from President Lowell down.