Custer weekly chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, S.D.) 1890-1931, 1909-07-24
IN CASE OF FIRE.
First Aid to the Burned and Injured il
Burning Building.

Burning Building.
| More than six thousand people are
burned to death every year in the
United States Many times thai number
are badly burned.
A burn of the first degree hurts only
the outside of the skin. The burned
place is red, painfully hot and tender.
When it gets well, the outside layer of
the skin is made of scales like those OF
a fish but very much smaller. To stop
the paiI from such burn the air must
be kept away from it. Lint or cotton
wetted from pint of water into which
teaspoonful of baking soda has been
stirred, should be put over the burn
and held by bandage. If there is no
soda use sweet oil or molasses. Many
mothers use scrappings from potato.
If a burn of this kind covers large part
of the body it is dangerous, and doctor
should be sent for. While waiting
for him an extensive burn should
be wrapped in cotton or covered
with -four. A very large burn
which only makes the skin red,
without blisterlng it, may cause
one to sink and die from shock and
pain. Big burns that are not deep, Of
ten come from gas or gasoline explosions
in which the heat only lasts moment.
In burns of the second degree there
are blisters. Blisters are made by
water from the blood being poured out
to cool the burn. The skin over the
blister should not be taken away, but
the water should be let out by a needle
prick at it edge. Clothing should be taken
off with care not to break any blisters
The skin over the blister is the best
covering for the raw spot under it until
the new SKIN grows. Burns of this kind
should have put on them soft rags, or
cotton, dipped in carron OIL, which can
be had at any drug store, or by cloths
smeared with tallow. Over the cloths a
bandage should be put.
Burns of the third degree take the
life out of all the layers of the skin and
sometimes out of flesh under them.
The skin is made hard like stiff paper.
The dead skin and flesh is gotten rid of
by matter forming under it. While
these deep burns are healing the flesh
under them may draw up so that a joint
cannot be moved. They always leave
bad scars. Any deep burn should haye
the care of a doctor quickly. Until he
gets there the burned one should lie
wrapped in blanket or put into bath
tub of warm water. Many persons say
burn should be held near fame "to
draw the fire out of it," That is foolish.
Most of the deep burns are suffered by
persons whose clothing is ignited. This
is because the fame is kept against the
skin so long. Children whose clothes
take fire are usually burned to death.
Scalds are burns from very hot water.
They are not likely to be deep because
the water runs off If the fluid is thick
er than water the scald is deeper. Both
burns and scalds are most dangerous to
children when on the chest.
Water will scald long before it gets as
hot as flame. Water heated to l30
degrees is as painful to ones hand as
the blaze from a match which is more
than 600 degrees. Passing a hand
through a blaze that hot gives little pain
but one would drop pan heated to l75
degrees.
Tablespoonfrls of coffee or soup heat
ed to 130 degrees can be swallowed from
a spoon without hurt but if the spoon
touches the lips it burns them. AL
though the skin on the soles of the feet
is the thickest on the body one cannot
stand on a hot plate which he could
hold in his hand without discomfort.
A red coal has heat of at least 900
degrees. Iron begins to turn at 100C
degrees and the blacksmith heats is to
more than 1900 to hammer it out. The
fame in a kerosene lamp is l400 or
more.
A child with clothing afire should not
run or scream. Running fans the
flames and screaming takes deep breaths
which draw the fame into the chest.
To put out the fire quickly wrap your
self in some wooden or heavy material
and roll upon the floor. Nearly always,
one can at once get coat or shawl, Oh
rug or bed or lounge cover, or portiere
One can help ones self better in this
way than by using water which quickly
runs off.
Any one seeing a persons clothing
afire should so wrap and roll him. Of
ten the one who is afire has to be thrown
down. This must be done to put out
the blaze and to keep him from breath
ing fame.
FRANK A. CRAFT,
State Fire Marshal.