The Cairo bulletin., 1909-10-09
COMMERCIAL APPLE GROWING.
soH. Location and varietIes--Necss
sity OF SheIter-Give the Trees
Plenty Of Room-points on
Prunlnu--Spray Often.

| ftoHty OF foom-folNte on
PrunIng-Spray Often.
/ First among the essentials OF 300
cess In commercial apple growing ID
that the soil must be adapted to ths
business and that very good and very
poor locations may lie side by stds
! Nearly every farm contains some
land that is adapted TO apple grow-
ing, although very few farms as .
whole would prove adapted to the tn
dustry. Soil and location are fully as
important factors as the climate a.
careful study of the conditions snr
rounding the orchards that we're
planted in the early times has proved
to US that In selecting an orchard site
the most important things to coGsid-
er are, the character of the soil, ex-
posure and shelter. says a writer in
the Country Gentleman Good, deep
soil, composed largely OF vegetable
matter, with sand and gravel or clay,
Is ideal. The scarcity OF timber tha.
formerly afforded Windbreaks makes
II essential that we select northeast
ern. northern or eastern exposures or
slopes for an orchard On land that
affords natural wind-break. or
where there is no protection from
timher-iand or groves, a double row
OF evergreens may be used to advant
age as q wind break.
After determining on the site of
the proposed orchard, the next impor-
tant step is that OF properly prepar-
ing the soil, The old saying that the
hole should be the same size as the
orchard" In d safe rule to follow AMI
fully fit the field at least one year
before the trees are TO be planted, 1t
is a loss Of time and money to plant
trees on wet and undrainEt soil We
have also learned that the selection
Of the varieties best adapted to onr
conditions In great measure means
SUCCESS or failure. The desire to
plant too many varieties Of apples has
resulted In flooding our orchards with
undesirable fruit, In many instances
without regard to market, demands,
quality or profit The most profitable
commercial orchards In New YORK
state are those containing from one to
three varieties Planting few chotcs
varieties for home consumption o.
for home markets is different pro-
position from commercial apple grow
Ing.
For commercial orchard In this
latitude there are three market ap-
pies that stand In class BY them
selyes, the Baldwin, Northern Spy
ANA Greening all great market IA
vorites that POSSESS good keeping
qualities. The 2O-ounce Pippia and
the Tompitin's County Kings are ex-
/ cellent fall and early winter apples.
bur they lnust be marketed. In their
season regardless Of the market con
ditions Hardy varieties Must be se-
lected regardless OF their beauty of
/ foru or quality. II is matter Of
/ aoi8 dollars and cents and not Of SEN
\ t.ment Select the best trees that
can be found. and above all. select
them from the stock Of some first
class nurseryman who sells good trees
instead Of making panic prices to get
rid Of u lot Of Old stock that has ac-
cumulated on his hands.
Iii setting out the trees, give them
plenty OF room | would set apple
trees ~ feet each way at leAst. II
yon feel that you cannot AFFORD to use
% nnual land, plan TO grow some
small fruit between the apple trees,
and by the time the apples are ready
to occupy the interspaGes The small
fruit trees may be removed and give
them the whole Of the field We may
be able to grow corn stalks and trees
by close planting. but when 1t comes
to growing tirst-ciass crops Of cora
and apples we shall find that 1t IL
essential that the stalks and trees
have plenty Of light, air and feeding
space for their roots believe that
there is but one way for trees to grow
10 insure the greatest hardness. The
practice Of low heading may be adap
ted to some sections Of the west
where the climatic. conditions are not
the name as In this state.
While advocating pruning trees
higher than Is the practice of many,
| am by no means In favor of high
training. Tho branches should afford
protection TO the trunks auring the
hot summer after the trees come In
to bearing My ideal tree Is trained
high enough to secure the growth oil
the branches at right angle7 with the
trunk. otherwise they will form what
has been aptly termed malformed
crotches, by the tendency of the low
or branches to an. upright growth
Every tree should have center shaft
on which the branches should be
regularly distributed. never allowing
| a number Of branches to cluster to-
gether on any one side to oyerbalance
the top Of the tree, Pruning Ia .
necessary evil and more Of 1t should
be done. Summer pruning has a ten-
l