The Ordway new era., 1909-05-07
" HAS ITS PLACE, BUT FOR HAY
CROP NEEDS PLENTY OF
MOISTURE.
LONG DR0uTH
GROWING ALFALFA SEED CAN BE
MADE PROFITABLE ON
DRY LAND.
BY p. X. BIinn.
Colorado Agriculture. College.

III farmer on the dry plains has
well that will furnish Just enough
later for fifty head of stock. it would
be absurd for him to try to keep sixty
or seventy-five head on the same sup
Fly OF water; and 1t Is equally ridcu-
lous for him to attempt to crowd the
plants in soil where the moisture is
limited.
Some plants may develop with less
moisture than others. but alfalfa is not
one of these plants; on the other hand
1t is conceded by all western farmers
that an abundance of moisture Is the
key to success in growing alfalfa for
hay.
When 1t is well established, alfalfa
will endure long droughts and still re-
Viye when water is applied; to that
extent, 1t is adapted to dry farming"
and its deep-rootinE tendency may en-
able the crop to grow without irriEa-
ton. If the roots can penetrate to the
Moist soil.
The number of plants to the acre
that can be maintained in the dry
farming" district has not been deter
mined: but at Rocky Ford, Colorado.
IN 1908. an alfalfa nursery plat with
out irrigation for eleven previous
months. produced at the rate OF two
and thrce-fifths tons per acre the first
cutting: and then made n second
growth equally as good, that was left
for seed The plat had been seeded in
1907 to Turkestan alfalfa and thinned
to single plants twenty inches apart
each way. II received one irrigation.
and was thoroughly cultivated that
year. The growth In 1908 was made
en- the moisture that was stored and
conserved In the soil, but such phe-
nomcnal yields can hardly be expected
without irrigation. In the favored
spots. before mentioned. alfalfa can
certainly be grown II once established
and properly managed.
The growing of alfalfa seed offers
great opportunities to the farmer on
dry lands. because the fact has been
well demonstrated that alfalfa yields
seed best when the plant makes q slow
dwarfed growth. when IL really lacks
for moisture, but has enough to set
and fill the seed.
Seed grown under dry conditions has
more vigor and vitality than seed pro-
duced with an excess OF moisture, and
IL IL usually free from dodder and
other noxious weeds II the field has
had any culture care. There is de-
mand for dry land alfalfa seed that far
exceeds the supply.
In establishing alfalfa seed for pro.
ductlon, under dry conditions, 1t Is re
commended to SOW In rows eighteen
or twenty inches apart, with two to
three pounds of good seed per acre.
A thin. uniform stand is absolutely
necessary. even to thinning, as in beet
culture: but the stand can usually be
regulated by the amount of seed sown.
1t has been found that plants twenty
inches apart will support each other
and not lodge or lay on the ground as
In thicker or thinner stands. With n
good stooling variety Ike the Turkes-
tan. plants six to twelve inches apart
in the row are thick enough. III all
the seed would Germinate. one pound
Der acre would be ample. but 1t is dii-
ficult to SOW small quantity uniform.
~ in the row. and for seed production
It might pay to space ana thin the
plants.
The row system is essential. rs 1t
permits intcrtillage to eradicate
weeds. and to conserve the moisture.
and also allows deep cultivation to alb
sorb winter storms, affording an op.
portunity to furrow out the rows and
TO direct or divert any surface water
that may or may not be needed. 1t Is
the only system that will allow the
t;llage that is so essential to all dry
farming.
The four-row beet cultivator. with
its wedding knives and other attach
ments. is an ideal tool for cultivating
the crop. A four-row drill adapted to
sowing alfalfa seed is needed to com
rlete the equipment, but the ordinary
beet drill, with the addition of an al
falfa or grass seeder attachment, can
he modified to suit the work.
The seed should be sown shallow,
not over an inch deep, and good re-
sults have been secured with the com
mon garden drill by marking out the
ground with the rows gauged in sets
of four to correspond with the iour7
row cultivator.
where there is an opportunity to
use irrigation or flood water, the iield
should be ditched in every other row,
and the burrows logged out with n
sIed made of short logs, eight to ten
inches in diameter and from three to
four feet long, spaced to fit two fur
rows. 80 that the water may be run
through as quickly as possible, for the
alfalfa crop for seed will need as little.
" ater as can be applied. A short rush
NJ water after sudden shower can
ha delivered over considerable ground
II the field is properly ditched.
Western Rye Grass.