The Washington herald., 1909-08-13

composed Of Monroe and Tompkins. was
elected without opposition. Monroe did
rot regard the existence Of parties as
necessary TO free government. and in 1875
Webster declared that It could not be
said that the administration now closed
had either been supported or opposed by
any party associations OF on any party
principles" The political theories Of the
man whom Hamilton had denounced as
IAN atheist in religion and a fanatic IN
politics" had triumphed completely. Ham
ntons contentious in favor Of q strong
central government. which would make
the Union great and glorious. had gone
down before the creed Of jefferson. who.
feeling a profound distrust for all govern
ment. proposed 10 narrow its functions
as much as possible by widening the
sphere Of individual rights surrounding
the citizen. Jefferson and his followers.
Influenced by the gospel Of the French
Revolution, regarded all state power as a
monster. Ike that Of FranKenstein, which
was 20 be restrained by written const-
tutiOnal limitations. 70 be construed
strictly IN favor Of individual rights. So
popular had that theory OF government
become at the beginning OF the second
administration Of Monroe that the masses
OF the American people were absorbed by
its exponent-the Republican, or Jeffer-
son, party.
One Party ShOrt-Iived.
The political inundation that thus swept
substantially all citizens into the arms
Of a single party was short lived. The
basic difference in constitutional con-
struction which had. at the outset, d.
vided Federalists from Republicans soon
divided, when applied 20 the bank the
tariff, and internal improvements, the Re
publicans themselves into two hostile
camps. finally known as Wings and Dem
ocrats. The organization first named be-
gan its career under the leadership OF
Clay and Adams; the second under the
leadership Of Andrew Jackson, whose trI-
umph in ISIS clearly revealed the fact that
the masses were coming into larger po-
litcal control At last the party OF the
plain people were no longer ashamed
20 call themselves Democrats. The period
between 1872 and 1856. occupied BY the
rise and decline OF the Wings. is marked
by the conflicts over the tariff. the Sec
ond United States bank. internal i'm
prOvements. the subtreasury, the veto
power. the annexayiya of Texas, the war
with Mexico. and. finally. the compromises
touching slavery in 1850 The neutral or
hostile attitudes OF both Wings and Dem
ocrats 10 the anti-slavery cause so dis
rupted the one and demoralized the other
as 70 open the way for the party Of aboli-
tion. the liberty party, which finally
trampled upon both.
When In 1910 the North-favored By 2
rapid Increase Of population and by leg
/ islauon that had excluded slavery from
l the region north OF the Ohio and from
most OF the territory west Of the Mis-
1 sissippi-wOn control Of the House OF
! Representative and seemed in the neal
! future destined 10 win the Presidency
| and the Senate. the South resolved to de-
/ fend herself against such results through
/ a policy OF territorial expansion. Thu,
! the extension Of slavery became the vita
/ political issue IN a mighty conflict who's,
/ last words We're spoken in "the battI,
I Of giants" between Stephen A Dougla.
/ and Abraham Lincoln The battle Of gi
ants was soon followed by the battle O
( millions, whose outcome has been
peace and a Unifcation so complete ant
profound as TO be almost worthy Of m,
! sacrifice. From the greatest of civil war.
the Republican party emerged. leading bl
the hand an indissoluble Union Of inde
| Structible States; and for fifty years
| excepting the two administrations Of on,
| Of the wisest. nObleSt and strongest O
/ Democratic Presidents-its history ha.
been the history Of the republic. So rap
idly did the process Of fusion advance
! in England after the Norman conQueS
! that a writer ar the time Of Henry I
| is obliged 10 confess that. without
| careful examination Of pedigree. it wa
impossible TO ascertain in his time VIII,
was Norman and who was English. AZ
ter abOlishing slavery and restoring III,
( Union. the Republican party has finalll
/ brought about a political fusion so com
plete that IN the last Congress il wa
/ impossible 10 ascertain without a careful
examination OF political pedigree who wa
p Democrat and who was a Republican
/ The Northern President who inauEurate,
this second era Of good feeling is s.
Ienamoved Of the South that he passed HI
Presidential honeymoon first IN this no
tel and then in Georgia Can we not al
unite IN saying: May he live long an,
prosper At last the cycle has com
round.
south Needs More Protection.
A little less than forty years after n
close Of the war OF the Revolution II
nation rested so completely from all kind
Of strife that even party divisions practi
cally disappeared. A little more tha
forty years after the close Of the grea
civil war the nation is again resting s
completely from all kinds OF strife tina
party divisions. so far as they rest upo
real differences Of principle, have praC
tically disappeared. But, as in 1870, thi
moment Of calm is but the prelude TO
storm which viii soon bring about ne1
party alignments. Just as the first Re
publican party, incarnate in the persO
Of Thomas jefferson, was divided int
Wings and Democrats, so the second Re
publican party incarnate in the person q
Abraham Lincoln. viii be divided int
two hostile political organizations. a
the first Republican party was rer
lsunder by internal questions purely ecC
nonic so will the second Republica
party be rent asunder by internal Ques
tiOns purely economic
When we look over our national ba
ance sheets. embracing the last fft
years we find that in 1850 the farm prod
ucts Of the agricultural and free trad
South were everything. and her minin
and manufacturing products compars
; lively nothing. When we look over IN
balance sheet as il stands to-day, we az
startled to find that the total values q
the South's mining and manufacturin
products exceed by many millions IN
total values Of all her agricultural prod
! ucts. including cotton. An economic revC
b luton has thus taken place which d
. rnarAs that the Snuth,s crnMInc NAM