davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1909-09-24
HEMINGER IS
FIRST CANDIDATE
keosauqua Man is Out With : car.
pa'an for State Superintendent
Of Schools.
pE,s MONIES.

DF's MONIES, Sept. PA. d
Heminger, county superintendent Of
Van Buren, county is the first man
to start an active campaign for nom.
nation for state office at the next pri-
maries. Mr.. Heminger wants to be
state superintendent and he was at the
capitol yesterday furthering tie inter-
ests of his campaign. He has had
cards printed announcing his candi.
dacy and distributed them about the
state house. They We're the first cam
paign cards seen in these parts since
last fall.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1909-09-24
interurban Renort

DES MONIES. Sept. 24.-The an
nual report of the |. & | 1nterurban
Railway company, running from Dav-
export to Clinton, Ia filed before the
railroad commission yesterday, shows
net loss for the year of $10,sS1.22
However, there is substantial profit
shown from actual operation Total
operating revenue for the year being
s147,73O2O. expenses s94,425.5S, leav-
ing net revenue of s4s,313.62. This
profit was eaten up by the fixed
charges, interest on the funded debt
alone being $52,500 a
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1909-09-24
Now Has a Quartet Of Elephants to
His Credit Since He Began
Firing Away in AZ
rica.
KERMIT ALSO GOT ONE
The Father Has Just Killed Two
While the Son Got Another
and Also Rhinoc.
erous.

NAIROBI, Sept 24.-Colonel Theo-
dore Roosevelt now has record of
having killed four elephants Camp
runners who arrived here today told
of the killing of the third and fourth
animals by the colonel who has now
finished his hunting in his present
location and was expected to break
camp today for the Guisa Marc river
Kermit also has an elephant to his
credit. He shot one on Monday and
further added to his laurels by killing
rhinocerous.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1909-09-24
THE WEA THEIR.
indications For Iowa, Illinois and Mls.
souri,. Wired From Chicago.

For Keokuk and vicinity: Fair to-
night and Saturday. Probably frost
tonight Warmer Saturday.
For Illinois: Fair tonight and SAT-,
urday. Continued cool. Probably
frost central and northern portions
tonight
For Iowa: Fair tonight and Satur-
day. Probably frost tonight. Warmer
Saturday.
For Missouri: Fair tonight and Sat-
day. Continued COOL Probably frost
extreme north portion tonight.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1909-09-24
The membership statement ju

issued by Head Clerk Hawes of the
Modern Woodmen OF America shows
smaller increase in membership than
usual. He says: The membership
statement for the two months ended
August does not show as large net
gains as the neignbors have come to
expect from each report. This is due
to the large list of temporary suspen-
sions in the semi-annual per capita
month of June, reported by clerks of
camps in the month of July.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1909-09-24
Fort Madison Democrat: Mr.

Fort Madison Democrat: Mrs.
Arthur Williams of ST. Paul, Mimi,
passed through the city this morning
en- route to Keokuk with the body of
her husband, the funeral service being
held at the congregational church in
that place this afternoon and inter-
ment made in the keokuk cemetery
Mrs. Williams is cousin of Mrs. s.
J. Mason of this city. Mr.. and Mrs
S. ]. Mason and Miss Pricilla Ever
hart attended the funeral. Mr.. and
Mrs. Williams were former residents
of Keokuk
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1909-09-24
Bia Price for Eve.

.SHELBYvILLE, H., Sept. 24.-Miss
Bess Southcott. who lost an eye and
was otherwise injured in the mysteri-
GUS explosion and wreck. of a Big
Four train at Sandford. Ind, January
19, 1908, has recovered judgment of
$500 from the railroad company.
This judgment is compromise, and
the money is to be paid within sixty
days.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1909-09-24
Explorer Is Guest Of Honor at Ovation
rendered Him by the Arctic
Club and Tells Of Sue
cessful Trip.
THE KEY TO THE SECRET
Says That Nothing is Impossible in the
Arctic II Man viii But Keep
His Body Warm and
Properly Fed.

NEW YORK, Sept. 24-Cheered by
thousand men and women as he en-
tered the banquet hall on the arm of
Admiral Schley, Cook tod his story
last night before the mott brilliant
audiences he has addressr since he
left Denmark. The banquet was given
by the Arctic club of America, OF
which Cook is member, in recogni-
ton of his announcement that he
reached the pole, and while there was
no Official representative from he
state or nation, the assemblage was
cosmopolitan and enthusiastic
Cook said: 1.-The key to the frigid
nothing In the arctic realm impossible
to man. If the animal fires have ade-
quate fuel there is no cold too severe,
no obstacle too great. No important
expedition ever returned because Of
unscalable barriers or impossible
weather. Exhausted food supply, re-
sulting from limited means and trans
portation has turned every aspirani;
from the goal. The most important
lesson of the ages in the polar quest
is that civilized man must bend to
the savage and simplicity Is necessary.
We. must begin with food and trans
portation to the wild man. Even this
must be reduced and simplified to fit
the new environment. With due re-
spect to your complimentary .elo-
quence, candor compels me to say
that the effort OF reaching the pole
is not one OF physical endurance, nor
is 1t fair to call 1t bravery, but proper
understanding OF the stomachs needs
and knowledge of limits of brute
force. of the motive power, be that
man or beast
Our conquest was only possible
with accumulated lessons of early ex-
periences. Failures of our predeces-
sors were the stepping stones Of
ultimate success Real pathfinder to
the pole we're early Danish, Dutch
English, Morse, Italian and American
explorers. With these we share the
fruits of which your chairman put into
my basket.
We arrived at the pole April 81,
1908 We discovered new land along
the 102 Meridian between the S4th
and S5th parallel. Beyond this there
was no life, no land The ice was in
large, and heavy fields with few pres
sure lines. Drift was southeast and
southwest Clear weather gave good
observations almost daily These
observations. combined with those al
the pole guarantee our claim. Wher
taken in connection with the general
record, you don't require this, but
this and all other records will come
to you. acknowledge to you, and
to living arctic explorers my deb,
OF gratitude for valuable assistance
but we must not forget the fathers
OF arctic polar travel There Is glory
enough for all. Enough for the
graves of the dead and the heads o.
the living. Many are here tonight ar,
too numerous to mention, must. The
names are too numerous to mention
Special mention for honrs but be mad,
to Greeley, Schley, Melville, Peary
Flala, Nansen, Abruzzi, Cagni, Syer
drup, Amundsen, Nordenskjold. mum
Der OF English and other explorers.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1909-09-24
Queer New York Street sions

A barber in the Bronx who halls
from Italy has sign painted on his
window "Barbitonsorial Parlor" And
on hotel by Bronx road is the an
nouncement, Automobile and Fun
eral Parties Cheerfully Accommodated"
New York Sun.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1909-09-24
Why They Howl.

When was in the east met
with many begging dervishes.e BIZ
thought they called them bowling
dervishes" That's what they be.
come when you don't give them any.
thing. 81 Mesgendorfer Blaetter.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1909-09-24
RUSSIA NOW
ADMITS TROUBLE
Say that there was Slight Disorder
and that Few Were
injured.

BERLIN, Sept. 24.-The Russian
authorities now admit that there have
been numerous slight disorders at
Kief and in the suburb of Skopogka a
clash occurred between the Jews and
Reactionaries during which the Re-
dictionaries attacked the Jews and in
the struggle few persons were In
jured.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1909-09-24
Hard-lHorklna Queen Bee.

A New York commuter has been
using delicate scales, and says that
he has a queen bee that lays three
times her weight in eggs daily when
she Is real busy.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1909-09-24
The Peary Club.

NEW YORK. Sept. Secretary
Bridgeman of the Peary Arctic club,
says no meeting of the officers of the
club has been called as yet to assist
peary in his campaign. In Portland
yesterday, Peary delivered to Presi-
dent Hubbard, all the papers and
data he had regarding his claim that
Cook did not reach the pole. Hubbard
is examining the documents. AS soon
as he has made up his mind, the of
ficers of the club will confer with
Peary and decide upon the course of
action. This meeting will likely be
held early next week. An announce
ment is expected from Peary himself,
but 1t will have the full approval of
the members of the club.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1909-09-24
That state Through Its Governor Be.
Iieves That He Was the Only
Man Ever at the North
Pole.
EXPLORER is GRAT1FIED
Tired Out With Shaking Hands and
Hearing Cheers, Peary Has
Gone to His Peaceful
Home.

PORTLAND, Maine, Sept. In
tensely gratified by the sadus "a of
thousands who welcomed back
from the North pole, but ID out by
the handshaking which sted until
early this morning, ..ry departed
this morning for Es.. - Island What
ever ammunition Weary may have
against Cook, isS st likely to be used
until next week. During pauses in the
speech making and cheering here.
Peary has been comforting with Gen.
Thomas Hubbard Of New York, presi-
dent of the Peary Arctic club and up
on his advice will probably depend
the matter. General Hubbard has
been asked by the explorer to take
two or three days to reflect upon his
report before deciding what is to be
done. There are some things in the
report wish to explain to Hubbard" /"
said Peary. After Hubbard has read
the document wish to go over the
report with him. / think / shall go to
Bar HaNbor to meet him. When
have talked with Hubbard I shall be
ready to answer all questions about
the discovery of the pole including
those about DR.. Cook"
Maine is heartily with Peary. Gov.
ernor Fernald touched the keynote OF
popular feeling when he said "Our
people are proud of the man who
reached the spot which no other liv
ing man has attained.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1909-09-24

Spanish Proverb.
All sorrows are bearable if there Is
bread.-Don Quixote.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1909-09-24
Daily River Bulletin.

River Forecast.
The river will fall slowly.
Local Observations.
Sept Bar.Ther. Wind. Weather.
2s pm. ;. so.1s SO Calm Clear
"a am. :. 3O.S1 As NV Clear
River above low water of 1854
feet A tenths.
Mean temperature. 81.
Maximum temperature. GO.
Minimum temperature, as.
FRED 2. GOSEwISCH,
Observer.
Gunnison news-champion., 1909-09-03

Some ducks from abroad have
been IN the county THIS week with
half a dozeu sample bugs,es, that
they are using to secure orders.
We u wager new hat that Gunni-
son local dealers can discount their
prlces on the same class of goods.
give better cash or time rates. and
with the sale furnish the additional
advantages of guarantee from hon
orsble home merchants, who will
make good any defects, and who
will have repairs ON hand, when you
need them. Don't let a smooth talk
er get away with your better judg-
ment. Buy standard material, and
get it of the man who is bound to
give you best prices in the long run,
the home dealer.
Gunnison news-champion., 1909-09-03
AM D. GSfS,A AAIG

IN NIRTtE f Decree. in favor Of T. A.
Mil aud against the Hill tiold Mining Conn
pnny. and " liam kcAloney. Trustee fore
closing u mechanics lien upon the property
hereinafter described. rendered t,y the Goupty
Court ~ ounni-on County and state 81 olors-
do. the stb day of March. 4. d 1879 where
by sm Commanded To make the sum Of eight
hundred ANA sinty-fve SSij10i Dollars and the
further suIn ot Seventeen and - ltu t<is iul
bsllar-. costs, with interest aud accruing costs
out 81 the following property, viz. TIE Iron
Hat The Golden Age. The Queen .f the West
The y b. >ellers he tldorado No. 3 The Tan
TN Nos I, :. A 3. THE tiuid oin. An uudi, iied
one-tLird "a interest in the Carbonate Ming.
An undivided oiie-tbird y interest in the
carbonate Queen. An undi viiei ouc-hai a ID
interest IN the tlgin. An uHdiviied one -ha II
- interest III the Hudson An undivided one.
third - interest IN the Pine Flat, Lode min
ing claims, siruat@d in the I in Cup Miuins Dis
irt L IN the County of GunnIson and state of
Colorado.
THEREFORE,, Rccording to the commands
and provisions al said Decree Of Foreclosure.
shall expose for sale at pablic auction, all the
right, title and Interest Of the above ma med The
tiiii told Mining Company and William N. Nc.
Money. Trustee. in the above descrit,ed pvou~r.
~ together with all the improvements thereon,
veide, and sell the same To the highest b,aier
Tor cash on Saturday. the +th day of ssptembe
a H. i~s., at ? clssk .. m. at til. west front
d ar ut the county eourt house. in the Town of
,'unnison, County of Gusnison and state of
Colorado.
Dated at hunuison. Col, RADIO. this 9th day Of
August, \. u. 1919.
PAT THANLoN.
Sheriff Of Gupnison County .
BY u. j. LEHAN, Under SheriH
Date 81 First Pub. August II. 1919
Date OF last Pub September 3ri 1919
Gunnison news-champion., 1909-09-03
NOTsCE Or rAppLsCATyoNtOH
fkAAGAfAk

Tow HON 1t May Concern:
Notice i hereby given that at the regular
meeting 1.-THE Board Of Trustees Of the Town of
bunhi-on, state of Colorado, on Tuesday the
Seventh Day Of September, A. II 1909 The
colorado Telephone Company intrn to spply
Va said Board of Trustees for the psssax. al an
.toihsnce granting unto II and its assigns a
franchise permitting aud authorizing 1t to have
the tisht,"f way upon. along or under the
streets, alleys or public ways and all extensions
OF The same OF said Town, for the purtose Of
erecting and maintaining Telephone poles and
"ther ppsratus and the laying aud string,nx
81 teisPhone wires ou the same. to be used in
carrying on the applicant : Telephone bus sipe.s
ana 10 have The privilege and DOW er ts, ,Io ali
Things pertaining to such business for the no
rod OF twenty years
lhe terms upon which said sra,,I,f.. Z.
sousht
the Town shall have the priviIer. a, .rx
time of strinelng and maintaining upon the
poles - the Telephone COMPANY within me
Town limits the wire and yols. fixtures peres-
-srN Tor nre alarm stem. such wi,e, 10 bue
.uung under supervision II The foreman of tb,
Teller hone Company VI ''''
The SAID Telephone Company shall before =,
enters uIoh The enjoyment of the francbi.e
hef.in granted. execute and delive 10 ,h. Town
Nbu III The penal sum II ten tho. Ss,d d,l.
isrs tsiu.i"Lpl, with good aud uffc lent s,r.,,
!" pe approved by the Board Of Trustees a
condition that it will hold the Town h.,,,les.
from any damage occssion-d nv uerlYenre ~,
want al care ON the part .f said 4 t,om,.n, -,
tne construction or maintenance Of IL. ,.l.
,hnne ~ stem within ssid Town
dhE oLORAIS TELEPHONE CONpANN
fuohsh-d Ane. 2'-sept. 3. 1919
Gunnison news-champion., 1909-09-03

News Champion ,s certain thsi
lands are lower and opportunities
greater from an agricultural stand
point right here about Gsnn,son,
than IN any other qsarter If Colo
RADIO. II }. true the attention Of our
ranchmen has been MAINLY occupied
ia raising hav and cattle. business
thai calls for low pr,ced land Never
theless two thirds Of the land under
cultivation could be devoted as
prUhtably to potatoes, gram and al
ialla as Montrose:and Delta land nov
SELLING for 500 10 $500 an acre
There was hundred thousand
acres near GunBison, which can he
reclaimed at reasonable cost and
would prove as good as any land
now used Yet here you can bay
raw land for from $40 g. $50 an
acre with perfect water right aud the
best cultivated land for $50. We
should advertise, and bring ia set
tiers. Then prices will rise, aud
with them the agricultural and busi-
ness prosperity Of our county.
Gunnison news-champion., 1909-09-03
INTERESTS LIE rDaE Orp.ER vAY

A great many lower valley people
who have been deceived by I'lnchot
palaver, continue to praise him,
while bitterly y complaining that Sec
retary Ballinger is not treating them
ialrIy IN the matter of Gunnison
tunnel aud High LIE Canal appro-
prlatlons. 1t looA, as though their
interests lay the other way. Money
Is not available 10 rapidly finish ali
the Reclamation projects started be-
cause restrictions on settlement.
the spy system, the harassing and
batting OF settlers upon our public
lands, and the absolute stoppage OF
settlement upon the two hundred
million acres OF forest Reserves aud
other land Withdrawn from settle
ment, have driven our homeseeke ers
te Canada They avoid American
lands, and So there is no money flow
ing into the Golfers OF the rec,ama-
ton fund. We have not admired
Secretary Ballinger, in everything
that be has done, but it looks Is
Though here be WAS exactly right
The clipping of Pinchots wings will
help the reclamation service fund,
besides aiding in the settlement OF
the west.
We need men here more that scrub
pines, that take 800 years to mature
aud that someone imaeines will affect
the water supply after they are
GROWN
Gunnison news-champion., 1909-09-03
OFFICIAL varkK - sUNN,s,N ooUAr
Ia SENATOR Prank Csasea II th.

In Senator Prank Csasoa II the
Denver Times. Culsrsio hse secuved
q live. ieari.-s. editor. Wtthost he
Ing bitter lee hss = most far seach,ns
grasp oi western coadst,oas aud tbs
faolle pen 10 pse-s h,s views. The
Times Is beee6ttiaS by his ability
and the feopSs of the ~es, are fos-
tunaie IN hss,ag ssch a spokessssa
lie 10 the hssi IAssvsr editor whe
seems 10 have sssd,~d psblsc land
questions ssf!.c.es,ly 70 attain . tirm
grasp Of their cosapl.csaed tacsoss.
Gunnison news-champion., 1909-09-03
lGnn WlllaIlDG
A~sSsG 80 sUAaSSsAs~Ss sSIA

>as.r. = l.slr.-ss, xssan. th~s- vssr-s.as -
.r..sr - a.. lsis.atY fossr1 - sssas--.a .ssts
f,.t..r.ss.- .serHAs ! asr~essa . ed
ss-ss.ts tlse .ar-~ss~a sr''s~fS of Marin
I.sx .sasa srr-sst IA -e8. - sstlz
.se -44e al fhs s.r--sssssl gtss~rSy af
..a n.s.a r.s lscss --sa sFss erty of
-r.ru s.~a 81 esss.. t~s -te.r-- toe es4sss
t4.E-f hsst~s-s ssss~ = sg"n- "sse -eA "'"Ss~ s%r
t-..t-t..,.d ...a i.-sss etc ss-s st~.of frosn 10
t-.t J.. f-ss.xs s-sss- - S-sa
Ii essa,asasca - AS s@-ssseHse n rs~ss
l,....r, %. --s.,aeass-sr .th. IsS 81 oc..-.
/. a.. -aa ~iH b. cssss.sed tss~resfsss- ssth
-ia asas~s slr.-sfty J. -.liss ior The ,<-; yrics
yht~ls~nss4
Ier.s- ~ -.le cs-h 90 aas of ~sse
VALENTINE Zk.II.I >sstF
c.s..-~rxsi.sr ~ fises-tsis of Martin Fo~sic,c a.
RH wktstNIR kstasu.x
Gunnison news-champion., 1909-09-03

W. l.. Bennett and son John re.
turned Monday morning from their
trip to the northwest. .lol,n was
taken quite i'll while away, bnr is re-
covering. Mr.. Bennett declares old
Gunnlson county is pretty good
place TO live in after all.
Gunnison news-champion., 1909-09-03
HOrsCE oS sslE on REAL x.r.rr

state Of Colorado
County Of tiunn,-,,n
In the ounfy Court. In Probate
In the Matter of the Estate of
ir"ls and Floyd Chapteli Minor
heir. 81 Cell Chsppell. D-ceo~rd.
by virtue of a decre,al order mad. ..a
ter.d ~ Sid Court on the letb d,y ~ a en
a. ID fss, the undersiened su.r,,isn Of ,S.a -. :.
w. 81 said miss.rs. was sathorized and a.,
rr rrcteu y" sell - private sale for cash Iots X,
.nnee - and konr a. in Block No Tvrp,,....
SIli IN the lem sf rest~d Bette Conn;v -,
"Ssnissa 50 state a Colorado. o'
49, .. pef>esnt "a said order the under.
vHsSd give Ds&lce that he will r.-er,ve h,as -
oe-enbed property at the Rank -,
netse 81 Se>t-d Butte in said r.n,.e
sey sne sp 70 ten o clock in the forcno.,a
s1sersey. fbe uth DAY of Septenh-r Is.S ~ =,
Hy vii he sod TO the highest .nd 80
- oefefs'f. i''r cs-h and tor not les IT,.
'nn epyf.i-ed valUe thereof 'n@A
ssssel A~gs.t Is. isn.
0>..s. Y. E METZLEH-
As8. 0sepe a IAD. n"s-
Gunnison news-champion., 1909-09-03
~ GU 0s Bs1i1inA

n nsuc--.,o,4ss.e N.sssc-l Bs~rssssvs
Uas ss.xx.-s.-i hy esss u iss Hss--s iasy-'et-
aui Sae Valuable ss.srssss.ssis = ts.s<ssse
8rsl r-s.-
Nearly fprss YEAR ago. In fercc as
essress-,. thai ks eslsld- bs the s-s 81 pHrs-
-ips.-rs.siTsed giyccriae- Asssra ~ eas-
tan ..sres 81 constantly ns~iniS ips'o
he... Ss.a ui.h the ala of appsrais.s Az
appliances a.s-seBsd fs< that plsrI~,e- ea-
9art from ossr u.ss-s Sall.s Sse native nss-
ascis.Sl rs-sss sAssr curative psss~'rssss
0och trsscs shAa by the sse 81 asssx.A,
- DeUcraliy cUyssyed- - the ncw ~ersor
eeasA -..s.dan Medical Ds>coscry.- hs
~ cuse of weak stomach, iIssisges;sou- =
1ypnopia. ssspsA ksss. q btlseaassss -
kH3ssA asonsGsaeuas Uss es~s oaAe, -
8 0sss s.s1r Ass oea. sssASss pssssc's
= 1850. - c.Hs~.sk =.
"a. = siens ss.ssS s.s:,.-.ssss9
0il -. - . = sse sA -
60 Asss.sss s.ISAV ~
lllR|
- suapii-d hy N. = v. resee. q
Ru1slo. \. T.. aud vii - nsi'ed 'r.s =
any ssse asking sssse By pstal care. =
Ietses sdsirp~ssd " the Ihrsss - sess&
Hvun these eaGiossemeBts. copied iroo
standard nse<iical t.-,ss 1T oil the diMes
eat srhools II yssct,ce. II viii ts iea,sc
sAas she ingredients COMPOSING the 's'oso
- Medical Discovery are advised hn:
ealv Sor the cure II the atose m.ntioI'te
diseases. but sl>o for the cure {" al ca
tarrtaI. bronchial and throst aeectiossA.
accomI,a iued v iIh catarrhal discharges,
hoar~.ne-s sore throat, lingering -
hang on coughs. and all those wasting
affections which. " pot promptly and
Ieoysriv treated are Liable b. terminate
Ia consumption. Take lW. fierce's Die
covcry In time and l-'r-rvere IN US u>.'
until you give 1t a fair trial and u Is not
likely to disappoint. Too much must NOT
h. exts.ct.d of it, 1t viii not perform
miracles 1t viii not cure consnmptio!s
in its advanced stages. No medicine VIII
Ii s',H cure the affections that lead uI -
CUssSnaptioc. n t.ak4n va time
Gunnison news-champion., 1909-09-03
'Cantaloupe Sundae. The besr
yet. Try one at GAZETTE BRos.
seice e nsseiagtsf Bead e
nnniueA;u,

Notice ia hereby given that the
Board of County Commissioners O,
Gunnison County Colorado, will
meet as . County Board of Equaliza.
ton at 10 clock .. m. Tuesday,.
Sept. 1th. 1909.
(sEAI) Attest;
P. J. Hurley, County Clerk.
Dated at Guanison. Colorado, this
3rd day Of Asgsst, A. ID. 1909.