davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The star and Newark advertiser. [volume] (Newark, N.J.) 1908-1909, 1909-03-24
REAL ESTATE.
TRANSFERS..
NEWARK

- Wy An
Henry Herfers to Arthur J. Fletcher,
g s. 18th st, 25 IT S fir Clinton av,
ofXl26. .,...-.+
Ernest z. Coe (exr) to Young Wom-
en- Christian Association e al,
cen sylvan ayi S6 # # N. 9Th st,
William Selby Co. to Salvatore
D'Auria, $ S It'll av. 10 it S g fr
Sheffield st. 60x196. 80.
Francis NJ. Jeffrey to Weequahic
thorne av, 100 # " fir Bergen st,
lSOx22S; and other tracts. .....,...1.
Anna j. Field Pennington to yincen-
20 Parrillo, e 8 McWhorter st, 100
II 8 fr Ferry st, 29x69. ..-............
Frank Nusbaum to Samuel Richeim-
e FIR Bedford st. 6Ox1OO. .............
Samuel Richeimer ct al to Frank
Nusbaum ms Springfield av. so TT
e fr Bedford st. S0x100. .......,.....
yudson Co., e 8 Ay r, 20 It S r.
land Newark and New York r. r.
Co, 3-100
Prudential Land and Imp. Co. to
Ghristine Buehler ct al, n e cor
Christine Buehler ct al to Florence G..
Nash. n 8 Clinton av, 10 # e fir s.
18th st. 3Ox107.
Alexander N. Fish to Andrew g.
Ericksen, W $ Sunset av. 300 it S fl
~ vi au6t nv. " 1uu. 3. .
Gottfried Krueger to William T.
Plum, W S Blanchard st. n fr line
Morris Canal. 75x261. .................
Same to Lyon & Son Brewing Co., n
s Commerce st, 525 TT n e Fl Null
berry st, S0x94..
Ellen ]. Brewster ct al to Elizabeth
Holland. s W cor Dickerson and N.
9Th st, 50x25. ........
Charles w. Beardsley .(trusl ct al to
John Thompson, $ $ Ha wthorne av.
H an p NJ o.. 7 a-I - nr-fAn N
William Harrigan SHERIFF to Rose
vile Building and Loan Association.
e $ Sanford st, LILA IT s fir Ire
William H. PECK ct al (exrs) to
s5l TT n fir Sussex av. BOXES; and
other tract Al.
George Glcim to John L. Miller. W $
Mead st, 112 TT n fr Commonwealth
av, s.xlM neutrality-suspicious.,
W S Milford av. $50 1T s fir Bigelow
ST, 25x132..
Weequahic Park Land and Imp. co.
to Fred G. Stickel. II $ Renner av.
$40 n " fr Seymour av, loox1oo...;-
10, II e S cor Sanford st and NAL
vern st, 25x100.
Domenieo Riyello to Antonio Saliva
tore, $ $ Clover st, so, fits c fr Mer-
a st. 25x76.
TOWNSHIPS.
Law renee +. Brown to Catherine E..
ay. 80 II = FIR Emmett 81. 5ix100,..
Maggie A Belc1er ia Charles Ever
SER oranue n s. clarendon nj Inn
n :, Pr ~j,9ents av E1yS 5e ~
Meiut.eit f;oon to :oh1 + Mek as
~ Orange r as Contra, Az 2os n
o fr Everryeen III. a5xllsl..
yiiffsp, Xvsis ~, ter
I~sxDlapnud N : Setter nj W fr
Yi6nsae c".s'rss,HA e,' f., Ian,ea r Ii,idc
s rirenso COR T,ideawand ii sr.i
HirnIaun ri f04xlb ="
Charles ni,sse,, Ia Ti.rt 1rsyton ~.
n1rton n y5fe S~f5i,trgetn ~ b
1T s W sr land 4shonag ~. Willis.
9eSxI6s
Smyrna times., 1909-11-10
PRESBYTERIAN PULPIT OF
SMYRNA DECLARED VACANT
REV. MlLLIGAN, STATED CLERK,
ANNOUNCES SAME OFFICIALLY
Choice of a Successor to Rev. Arthur
Richard Will Now be Made-Many
Candidates Will be Heard

Rev. ]. R. Milligan, of st.
Georges, stated clerk of the New
Castle Presbytery, preached at the
Presbyterian Church Sunday morning
and, in his official capacity, declared
the pulpit vacant. The Rev. Arthur
Richards, pastor of the church, it
will be remembered, recently resign
ed to accept the pastorate of the Doe
Run Presbyterian Church, near Coats
vile, Pa. Mr.. Milligan expressed
regret that Mr.. Richards was to leave
this church and Presbytery and in de-
claring the pulpit vacant, announced
that the Smyrna PresbyteIians were
in a position to receive and hear can
didates. Next Sunday the Rev. ].
C. Lovengood, of Wayne, Pa, the
first of the candidates. will occupy
the pulpit both morning and evening.
1t is probable that the Presbyterians
will look we'll into the matter before
making a selection. When a choice
is made a congregational meeting
will be held and a call extended.
Smyrna has one of the prettiest
churches and best appointed manses
in the Presbytery and as a place OF
residence cannot be excelled by any
town on the Peninsula. The church
is in healthy condition and among
it's up-to. date and modern improve
ments is a handsome pipe organ
When Rev. Richards was called two
years ago there were a number O.
applicants and it is safe to presume
that there will be as many more i
not greater number of applicant
this time.
Smyrna times., 1909-11-10
CHESWOLD FOREST FIRE
CAUSING STUBBORN FIGHT
HAS BEEN RAGING THREE WEEKS
ON FARM OF GEO. /. BUNKER
All Efforts to Extinguish 1t Without
Avail Peculiar Conditions Which
Surround the Cheswold Case.

Cheswold, Nov. 8-Mr. George L.
Bunker has been three weeks fighting
the most peculiar forest fires on his
farm, one mile south of Cheswold,
ever witnessed perhaps in this sec
tiOn. Its popularity is that the fire
is one to two feet under the earth's
surface and one acre or more of
branch land is actually moldering in
some spots and blazing in other spots
where the air has access and there is
no way yet devised to stop it.
Trenches have been dug to stop its
spread but to no avail and all effort
is considered hopeless until rain
comes. At intervals of a few Hours
tree falls to the earth with a crash
as its roots which support it are
burned by the fire entirely out of
sight. The strange scene is visited
by crowds to witness something they
have never before seen. A reason
for the strange occurrence runs thus
in the public mind he.e: the soil is
supplied with a network of vegetable
matter which, with the present dry
coalitions, the earth now having in
it less moisture than for years past,
perhaps only a spark from a passing
train was sufficient to fire the peat
formation underlying the surface.
Besides the loss of timber, which is
not a heavy growth, there is ques-
tion as to what damage to the soil
M. Punker may sustain by the
incident. Some argue the sol
quality will be improved.
Smyrna times., 1909-11-10
REV. BURKE IN AsBURY PULPIT.
Preached al Sunday Morning Service
and Delighted all who Heard Him

Preached at Sunday Morning Service
and Delighted all who Heard Him
In the absence of Rev. Robert
Watt, D. D., pastor, the pulpi of
Asbury M E. Church was filled Sun
day morning by the Rev. George w.
Burke, of this town. The latter has
been on the superannuated list for
several years and that he has regained
health enough to enter the pulpit
now and then, is a source of gratifi-
cation and pleasure not only to him
but to his many Smyrna friends who
hold him in highest esteem. Recent
ly Mr.. Burke made his first effort at
preaching since his condition of
health obliged him to give up.
Like his previous effort, his sermon
Sunday morning showed that he had
lost none of his old time vigor. He
preached an excellent sermon from
the text, "Prove all things. hold
fast to that which is good" During
the service a duet, prayer of the
Wanderers" was effectively sung by
Messrs. j. E. Hoffecker and L. M.
Price. The evening service was in
charge of the Rev. William FAIRIES
who preached acceptably to a large
congregation.
Smyrna times., 1909-11-10
STREET WORK NEARLY DONE.
Amber Davis & Co. viii Complete all
Streets and Cutters in Two Weeks,

Amber Davis & Co. viii Complete all
Streets and Cutters in Two Weeks,
Amber Davis Company, Philadel-
phia street contractors, who have been
in Smyrna since spring, first laying
the vitrified block on Main street and
later in building macadam streets
and relaying cutters, have nearly
completed the work required to be
done in town and will leave in about
two weeks. Like the Main street
block, the new macadam streets are
giving splendid satisfaction and are
vast Improvement over any road
building ever done in Smyrna. Mt.
Vernon, Delaware and South streets
are smooth and level and make easy
and splendid driving for all kinds of
teams and vehicles. Superintendent
Patterson has been on to his job from
beginning to end and his pleasing man
ner and obliging ways to say nothing
of his thoroughness in having the
work done, has made him and his
company many friends in this vicinity.
Smyrna times., 1909-11-10
QUIETLY MARRIED NEAR TOWN
Miss Edna Wilson Armstrong Becomes
Bride of George Turner, Philadelphia.

Miss Edna Wilson Armstrong Becomes
Bride of George Turner, Philadelphia.
A quiet wedding took place at the
residence of Mrs. Samuel Armstrong,
near town, at noon yesterday, when
her oldest daughter, Miss Edna Will
son Armstrong, was united in marri-
age to Mr.. George Turner, of Phila-
delphia. The ceremony was perform
ed in the presence of the immediate
families by the Rev. Charles H. Hol-
mead, rector of St. Peters Episcopal
Church. The groom is son of Mrs.
Mary E. (Driggs) Turner, of near
town, and is an electrician in Phila-
delphia. Mr.. and Mrs. Turner left
for a wedding trip and upon their
return will reside with the brides
mother until after Christmas when
they will move into their newly fur
nished home in Philadelphia. On ac-
count of the recent death of the
bride father, the ceremony was made
as quiet as possible. They have the
best wishes of large circle of friends.
Smyrna times., 1909-11-10
NEXT SUNDAY AT ASBURY.
Rev. Robt. Watt D. D. Will Preachiin
Morning-Platform Meeting EVe'g

Morning-Platform Meeting EVe'g
The pastor, DR.. Watt, is home from
the General Committee of Home
Missions and Church Extension which
met in WilkesBarre, and he will be in
the prayer meeting tonight, and in
his pulpit Sunday. The subject of
the morning sermon will suggest the
character of the discussion, els ,he
Church Dying?" This discussion
will hew to the line. In the evening
there will be a platform meeting
presided over by the Rev. William
FAIRIES. The meeting will be address
sed by the representatives to the
General Committee at Wilkes-Barre,
Hon. Walter o. Hoffecker and the
pastor. The messages from the
annual gathering are stirring and
full of interest to all lovers of church
and country.
Smyrna times., 1909-11-10
REV. R. K. STEPHENsONS TRIP
Interestingly Related at an Open Meet
ing Held In Odd Fellows Hall on
Friday Evening Of Last Week.


Friday Evening of Last Week
Odd Fellows Hall was filled with
an appreciative audience Friday eve
ming to hear the Rev. R. K. Stephen
son give an account of his trip to
Seattle, Washington, to attend a
meeting of the Sovereign Grand
Lodge of Odd Fellows. Rev. Steph-
enson was one of the representatives
of the Delaware order to that great
meeting and the description of his
travel, to say nothing of the great
Odd Fellows meeting, was listened
to with interest from beginning to
end. Mr.. Stephenson took his hearers
over the entire route on his western
trip and noted the many places ne
visited and their points of interest.
The address was concise and splen-
didly described and none who heard
it but came away delighted The
meeting was presided over by Charles
j. Sudler and was opened with a
qUarttte by Messrs. L. NJ. Price, W,
T. Massey, Thomas S. Start and Ir-
wing BrintOm. Prayer was offered by
the Rev. Charles 4. Holmead
after which the Rev. R. K Stephen
son was introduced, who for an hour
held the close attention of his hear
ers. The address was followed by a
recitation by Mrs. NJ. V. Ford en-
titled, Backward Turn Backward
Oh Time in Your Flight" The reci-
tatiOn was given to musical accom-
paniment by Miss Elsie Orrell and
was very effective. The Male Quar-
tette closed the program with "Poor
Little Lamb" The Odd Fellows
were accompanied by their wives,
sisters and sweethearts and the social
part Of the evening, aside from the
program, was one which was highly
enjoyed from beginning to end.
Smyrna times., 1909-11-10
REV. HOLMEADAD CLUB
Talks on the "City of Washington" Be-
fore the Twentieth Century Club.

Everybody enjoyed the Club meet
inglast Friday afternoon when Rev.
Charles H. Holmead, rector of St.
Peters Church of this town, de-
livered an address on "The City of
Washington His easy manner and
pleasant voice won and held his au-
dience with deep interest. He gave
the history of the city from its be-
ginning and traced its growth
through the century, relating many
amusing incidents connected there
with. The lecture abounded in en-
tertaining data not generally known,
and with interesting facts concerning
the life of the city, its government,
its public buildings, parks, drives,
etc. In speaking of the Capitol and
the great body of Con ress, he dopp-
ed hint as to the women's part in
sending the right sort of men to rep
resent US. In closing he drew
beautiful picture of the Washington
monument, straight, clean, pointing
heavenward, q symbol of noble man
hood. The musical number was "a
piano duett, Miss Lillian Speakman,
Miss Eba Wilds. Cor. Sec.
Smyrna times., 1909-11-10
SASSAFRAS MAN ENDS LIFE
Shoots Himself With a Shot Gun In the
Presence of His Wife.

VI ttS NhtiC'
A shocking suicide occurred near
Sassafras. Md, at l. AS O'Clock Wed
nesday afternoon, when John D.
Brice, a prosperous farmer of that
section placed a shot gun back of his
head and pulled the trigger. Mrs.
Brice, who was ready to start for
Middletown, where she intended
boarding one of the afternoon trains
for Wilmington, opened the door lead
ing to the dining room just in time
to see her husband place the gun to
his head and fire the fatal shot. The
whole affair was done so quick that
she hardly realized what had happen
ed until the body fell heavily to the
floor. Neighbors gathered and found
the lifeless body of Brice lying on
the floor with the back portion Of his
head completely blown off, and small
pieces of his head and great quanti-
ties of bood were scattered all over
the room. Mr.. Brice was aged
about 63 years and had spent his
entire life in and near Sassafras.
Relatives and friends had never heard
him threaten to end his life, and can
not understand his act. Deceased
leaves a widow, one daughter and
three sons to mourn his death. Fun
eral services were held at his late
residence Saturday afternoon at one
o'clock and interment was made il
Forest cemetery.
Smyrna times., 1909-11-10
REv.H.s. THOMPSON APPOINTED

Will 7 AXE the Pulpit and Pastoral Work
at St Michaels Vacated by DR.. Baker.
Rev. R. K. Stephenson, district
superintendent of Easton District,
has appointed the Rev. Henry S.
Thompson, of Glyndon, Md, father
of Mrs. L. M. Price, of this town,
to take the pulpit and pastoral work
at St. Michaels, Md, which has
been vacated by the Rev. DR.. Baker.
Mr.. Thompson will leave for st.
Michaels this week, have charge of
the prayer meeting service and
preach next Sunday. He will arrange
at once to move his family to that
place.
Smyrna times., 1909-11-10
Prominent Odd Fellows Coming.

Grand Master, Melville M. Wells,
of Wilmington, Delaware, and Deputy
Grand Master, ]. Willard Crossan, of
Centerville, Delaware, will visit
Morning Star Lodge, No. 6, l. o. o.
r., of this town, on Friday evening
next. November IL. All the members
of the Lodge are requested to be pre-
sent on that occasion.
Smyrna times., 1909-11-10
HOWARD sHusTER TAKES BRIDE
United in Marriage Saturday Afternoon
to Miss Elsie G. Rheims of this Town

Howard ]. Shuster, well-known
blacksmith of this town, has taken
unto himself a wife. Last Saturday
afternoon he and Miss Elsie c.
Rheims went to Clayton and were
married at the Clayton M. E. Parson-
age by the Rev. G. P. Smith, of st.
Paul M. E. Church. The wedding
was a surprise to many of their
friends and they have since been
showered with congratulations. They
are occupying the house on Mt. Vernon
street vacated by Reynolds Stevenson.
Last evening a crowd of their friends
gave them calithumpian serenade.
Smyrna times., 1909-11-10
ST. PETERS SUPPER AND DRAMA
Will be Given at The Century Club
House Tomorrow Evening

Don't forget the supper and bazar
to be given by the ladies of st.
Petar's Church on tomorrow Thurs
day. night beginning at $50 O'Clock
at the Century Club House. Chicken
salad and oysters, panned or fried for
25 cents. Cake and ice cream, a
table of choice fancy articles, a
table If fine candies, a pumpkin pie.
During the evening a drama en-
titled. "Toung DR.. Devine" by some
of the best of our local talent will be
given in the committee room for the
admission of 10 cents.
Smyrna times., 1909-11-10
Watching For Game Law viOIators.

Sportsmen of this vicinity, it is
understood, are putting detectives on
to watch for violators of the game
law in this vicinity. Better look out
for them. The cunning season will
open next Monday with good prospect
for game.
Smyrna times., 1909-11-10
FARM CHANGES AT cHEswoLD
Joseph Heintz Of Dover Purchases
the Jesse Williams Place.

Cheswold, Nov. 9.-Mr. Joseph
Heintz. of Dover, has purchased
Jesse Williams farm near Bishops
Corner, of IL acres and will move on
it. The price is stated at $1250.
Mr.. Heintz gets possession January
/. Mrs. Clarence Hazel has rented
her large farm near Cheswold to Mr..
Warren who leaves the Judge Hast
ing's farm, a late purchase, near
Dover. Mrs. Hall remains on the
farm.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1909-12-30

a delayed advertisement brings only the
aftermath OF trade. It's the first cali that
captures the procession of customers
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1909-12-30
HENTscHEL FUNERAL TOMORROW.

The funeral of Mrs L. HentscheI,
wife of Frank Hentschel who died
Tuesday at her home, 156 Barclay
street, after an illness of several years,
will be held from the home tomorrow
afternoon at O'Clock. Interment will
be in Evergreen Cemetery, Elizabeth.
Mrs. Hentschel was born in Germany
in 1866, coming to this city several
years ago. Besides her husband, she
is survived by two daughters. the
Misses Freda and Anna Hentschel, and
one son, Frank Hentschel
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1909-12-30
WOnen's Shoes

Women S "Navara
$50 shoes for zoo.
Button styles, made of
fine quality patent colt,
with good black cloth tops.
Plain or tipped toes and
Cuban heels. Very stylish
last and with hand Sewed
welted soleS. The "Nava-
ra" is a $50 shoe, but we
are going to offer = 0n
it to you at the ! eWa
spec. price, per pr. Lew
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1909-12-30
MOTHER AND AUNT DEAD,
UGHTER ALSO STRICKEN
Pneumonia Grips Mrs. Walter E.
Smith and Bars Her from
Parents Funeral.

Critically i'll with pneumonia at her
home, 279 Warren street, Mrs. Walter e
Smith Is unable to take any part in
the preparations for the funeral of her
mother, Mrs. Catherine German. who
died Tuesday at her daughters home
The mothers death occurred just three
days after her only sister, Mrs
Elizabeth Bennett, had died in the
same room, where both were i'll with
pneumonia.
Mrs. Gorman's funeral was to have
been held at st. Joseph's Church to-
morrow morning, but will probably be
delayed until Friday to await the re.
burn OF Mrs. Germans son-in-laN
Walter z. Smith. Mr.. Smith accom-
panied the body OF Mrs. Bennett. who
died Christmas night, 10 her home in
New London. Conn He was to have
returned to this city yesterday
Mrs. German was the widow of
Michael German, one of the old forty
niners He returned to this city in
1851 with q small fortune and married
Mrs. German few months after.
They went to live as the warrea
street house. where Mrs Gorman died.
which is now known locally as the
fCalifornia House" Mr. German died
seven years ago.
sgLast September Mrs. Benuet. who r.
50 years OH, came to this city with tne
iatention of spending the winter with
her sister. A few days before Christ
spas Mrs Bennet was taken III The
fezt day Mrs Gornhan became i'll
isnsunonia developed IN both cases.
On Christmas Mrs. Bennet became
worse end died in the early evening.
Her sisters death, within a few feet
Of her, In the same room, caused Mrs
German, who Is 70 years old. to lose
hope. and Tuesday she too died.
Mrs. German was born in ireland
and came to this city sixty years ago
she was one Of the oldest residents in
the Warren street section. and she
was the oldest member OF St Joseph :
Church.
One daughter only survives Mrs.
German. Interment viii take place in
The Cemetery of the Holy Sepulcfre.
MRS. NARY E. YATES.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1909-12-30
DR.. VAN DYKES DAUGHTER
IS BRIDES ATTENDANT.

AUBURN. Dec. 30.--New York and
Brooklyn society folk attended the we'd y
ding at Skaneateles Of Marion Willetts.
daughter of the late Joseph c. Willetts.
Of New York, who became the bride
of Ernest Cuyler Brewer, of Brooklyn.
The bride was attended by her sister.
Mrs Samuel Roosevelt Outerbridge, of
New York, who is a cousin of Theodore
Roosevelt.
The bridesmaids We're Adalia Meal
pine Pyle, Anna Dorman and Dorothes
Y. Ruxton- Of New York Dol,rny
Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood,
OF Auburn, and DorotheaS Van lsvkc. &
csugnter OF Henry Van Dyk. o.
Princeton Tho ceremony was ,,,.s
formed by the Rev. Frank N. Westcoit
AZ st. Jamess Episcopal Church.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1909-12-30
JERSEYMAN RUN DOWN BY
N. Y. AUTO AS HE SLIPS ON ICE

NEW YORK, Dec. 30 = William
Lance. a steamfitter, Of German Valley.
n j., was struck by the automobile of
former state Senator Jocob w. Welsh,
which was driven by Frank Ferder.
Lance had slipped on the ice, falling
in front Of the machine. His thigh was
broken, and his head, face and arms
were cut. His condition today is crit
fcal
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1909-12-30
MISS EMMA FRANCES WALSH.

The funeral of Miss Emma Frances
Walsh, who died yesterday, will be
held from the horne, 563 Broad street,
at 9:45 o'clock tomorrow morning. a
solemn high mass of requiem will be
sung in st. Patrick's Cathedral, the In
terment to follow in the Cemetery of
the Holy Sepulchre.
Miss Walsh was the daughter oil
Michael Walsh, a well-known wall
paper dealer. She had graduated from
st. Marys Academy, and was MEM
Der of the Sacred Heart Society of ST.
Patricks Cathedral, where she attend
ed. Her parents, two sisters. Mrs.
Frank Mullins and Josephine, and three.
brothers, John. William and George,
survive her.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1909-12-30
PLAINFIELD BROKER WEEDS.

PLAINFIELD. Dec ao.--The mar
riage of Miss Mary Westzell. of Potts.
vile, to J. M. Bettman, of this city
took place yesterday at the home
of the brides brother, e. Fl, Metzell.
1t was celebrated by the bridegroom's
pastor, the Rev. DIR. Charles Il. Her
ring, of the First Presbyterian Church
The bridegroom is broker in New
York, He met the bride here at the
home Of her brother, where he was
making his home.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1909-12-30

death She was the widow of Frederick
Yates, the son of former Mayor
Henry j. Yates, of Newark. Mrs. Yates
was also a member Of the Doane
Branch of the L. c. B. A. and of the
Rosary and Sacred Heart Societies OF
St. Patricks Church.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1909-12-30
JUDGE CROSS IS 50.

ELIZABETH, Dee. 29.-The many
friends OF Judge<Josepll Cross are con-
graduating him today II was the
judges sixtysixth birthday Yesterday
Judge Cross was born near Morristown
December 29 1913. He Is a former STATE
Senator from Union County.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1909-12-30
MRs. MARY E. YATES.

the funeral services Of Mrs. Mary
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1909-12-30

e. Yates, of 81 Lincoln avenue, who
died Tuesday from complication of
diseases, will be held tomorrow morn
ing at 8 o'clock, thence to Our Lady of
Good Counsel where q high mass of
requiem will be offered. Mrs. Yates
was born in this city and was
50 years old at the time of her
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1909-12-30

Fur Lined Overcoats-
English broadeloth lined with
natural black rat. otter collar;
regular $12S.00 a. nnI
and $4,000 coats; y1.V
special .......... OVo