davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Alaskan., 1909-01-09
AMERICAN SHIP
 AIDS DESTITUTE
tgy United Press.l

MESSINA, Sicily, Jan. 9.-The Gull goa. the ship chartered by the United States government and loaded with food. clothes and medical supplies for the Italian earthquake suffers, arrived here today. Ambassador Griscoll of Rome has charge of the distribution of supplies.
 full master; Clarence Olsen, senior warden: F. B. Wurzbacher, junior warden: Will Hillery, senior deacon; Roy E. Gault, junior deacon; Albert B. Towne. senior Steward; Lee Gault, junior steward; A. P. Drapes, secre' tary and Phil Abrahams, treasurer.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1909-04-08

clay workers call puddled. 1t has been worked and
re-worked by the wagon wheels and animals hoofs
until nearly all the travelled portion OF sticky mud
dy road is covered with a layer of this mpervious
puddled earth. As usually found on most of the
roads, this pudded earth is full of holes and ruts
which filled with water that cannot escape through
the impervious soil As long as the water remains
the soil dry and the road is kept in most
uncomfortable if impossible condition. 1t is also
matter of observation that this puddlcd earth when
compressed and tried becomes 5eJT Rayd On these
two facts, the imperviousncss of puddled earth and
its hardness when dry the theory of road drag
ging.
When the road drag is properly used it spreads
the layer of impervious soil the surface of
the road filling up the and hollows until smooth
surface is secured By forcing the mud into the ho1
lows and ruts, it is evident that the water must go
out which it does by running off the side of the road
The drying out Of the road is thus facilitated and the
road is made Immediately frner because the water
is squeezed 1t takes time reap the full
and ultimate benefit of the drag, but after the first
few draggings it will be noticed that the road is be
coming constantly smoother and harder 50 that the
effect of the rain is scarcely noticeable the water
running off the surface which IS smooth and hard
to absorb but little of it.
1t may be well to observe the action of the split
log drag in this connection. Now, grader road
machine, or even a single plank scraper shod with
will have a cutting action with tendency to leave
the soil at the surface of the road toughened and
Slightly lifted up. This condition is not favorable
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1909-04-08

from the end that is to be the middle of the road
locate the of the hole to receive cross stake
and p inches from the other end of the front slab
locate the center for another cross stake The hole
for the middle stake will lie line connecting and
half way between the other two See figure s. The
back slab should be placed in position behind
the other From the end which is to be at the middle
Of the road 20 inches for the center Of the
stake and inches from the other end locate the
center Of the outside stake Find the center of the
middle hole as before. When these holes are brought
opposite each other end of the back slab will lie
10 inches nearer the center of the roadway than =
front one giving what IS known as a set bacA ;.
The holes should be 2 inches in diameter. Care
must be taken to hold the auger plumb in boring
these holes in order that the stakes shall fit properly
The hole to receive the forward end of the chain
should be bored at the same time.
The two slabs should be held 80 inches apart bv
the stakes timber should be selected
for the stakes that each stake shall fit snugv into
the pinch hole when the slabs are in the proper
position The stakes should taper gradually toward
the ends. There should be no shoulder at the point
where the stakes enter the slab. The stakes should
be fastened in place by wedges only.
When the stakes have been placed in position and
tightly wedged, a brace inches thick and inches
wide should be placed diagonay to them at the ditch
end as shown in figure s. The brace should be
dropped the front slab that its lower edge shall
lie within inch of the ground while the other end
should in the angle between the slab and the end
stake.
A strip of iron about 81 feet long, 8 or inches
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1909-04-08

wide and 4 inch thick may be used for the blade
This should be attached to the front slab, so that
will be u inch below the lower edge OF the slab
the ditch end, while the end of the iron toward
middle Of the road should be flush with the edg
the slab. The bolts holding the blade in place sho'
have fiat heads and the holes to receive then She,
be cOuntersunk' Have the holes in the iron baC
made at equal distances from each end, that whe
one edge becomes worn the blade can be reverse
and the same bolts will fit
If the face Of the log stands plumb it is well
wedge out the lower edge of the blade with thre
cOrnered strip OF wood to give it a set like the bit
plane.
A platform of inch boards held together by thr
cleats should be placed on the stakes between tn
slabs. These boards should be spaced at least
inch apart to allow any earth that may heap up an
again The end cleats should be placed so that the
will rest upon the cross stakes but drop insi,
them, while the middle cleat can be shifted to eth
side of the middle stake. These ceats should exte;
about inch beyond the finished width of
platform.
An ordinary trace chain is strong enough to dra
the implement, provided the clcvis is not fastene
through link The chain should be wrapped aroul
the stake then passed over the front slab. Raj
ing the chain at this end of the slab allows the
TO drift past the face of the drag The other end {
the slab and is held by pin passed through a lin
One and one-half trace chains sufficient
l. In many logs the grain runs around the tree /
such a way that when split the slabs will be in
wind. If this wind is not more than inches il
feet the timber can be used to good advantage
setting so that the blade end of the log shah sla
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1909-04-08
ROAD DRAINAGE.

The most important subject that can be considered
in the construction repair of roads is that of drain
age; matters not whether the material is sand clay
gravel or macadam A road to be eoOd and to remain
good MUST be we'll drained. What we want is a
hard, smooth surface for travel. As roof sheds
water from building, 50 the road surface should
drain and dry off quickly, keeping the subso firm
and hard.
In building working any road the subsoil should
be given natural drainage if possible; if this cannot
be done it be drained artifciay in order to fur
nish solid foundation hold the wearing surface
roof upon which must depend to shed the surface
water. If the foundation is wet and sprngy no
amount of work upon the surface will keep road in
good condition
Do not forget that water will continually seek the
lowest level whether surface in subSOil, and in
doing so the natural flow is along lines of gradual
curves.
The great significance of drainage is too often lost
sight of in the repair of country roads. Time, labor
and money are wasted by an endless fight with water
and mud, when if the worker would pause to study
the principles involved and apply them to the case in
cause of bad spot in country road is often i'm
mediatcly where the result is shown but some dis
lance away
Never leave a bank ridge OF earth or stone no
matter how small upon the lower open side. The
drain off freely and neglect of this rule is
usually the cause of badly washed and quilted hill
sides. All drainage on hsides should be diagonally
the roadway to insure the easy and rapid flow
of water away from the road.
Give every earth road crown above the side
cutters of one inch to each foot of width.
Keep all water moving off of the road, out of the
road and away from the road
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1909-04-08

to prevent the water from soaking into and softenng
it; and if the surface flow of water is great
small round cisterns or basins be dug upon one
or both sides of the right of way and the water from
the road bitches led into them; thus the subso IS
drained and relieved of standing water ~
To take water out of the road we'll formed deep
cutters will accomplish much with frequent Culverts
to carry the water off to the lowest level. In some
cases sub-drains dug to feet deep on or both
sides of the u foot travelled road way and laid with
tile or field stone will be necessary dry out and
keep the subsoi hard and solid. Such stone drains
will repay their cost upon almost any earth road on
which there is large amount of travel.
The subsoil will dry out 50 much earlier in the
spring and all through the season the surface will
show the good effect Water will flow in drain
which has fall of but inch in one hundred feet
but the grading must be perfect to accomplish this
Drainage water must not only be taken from the
roadway but carried off of the right of way.
Upon hillside the gutter upon the upper side of
the road should be broad and deep enough to carry
away all water coming from the hill. All banks and
cutters should be given a slope of u feet horizontal
to foot vertical and the road surface should slope
both toward the gutter and toward the lower free
side, and there should never be ridge or bank TO
obstruct this drainage away from the road
All culverts and subdrains should be below the
frost line Do not wooden box culverts. Con-
crete stone or tile are much cheaper in the end. To
get the Cuvers properly placed requires deep side
drains cutters and great in the selection Of
the point where they put in, 50 that the water
taken from the road will be carried out of and away
from the right of way. If the necessary depth can
not be obtained better use hewed logs or wood mud
stills, or better concrete walls two feet apart in the
clear, and cover with three white oak plank 2X12
inches level with the road surface. Breakers or
thank you ma ans, should be done away with they
are at best makeshift for drainage. They are hard
upon the wagons where numerous prevent the proper
working of the road with the machine drag, and
are constantly either filing up and allowing water to
flow over them else forming a mud hole upon their
upper side. If water must be taken off the roadway
form a long shaped ridge with the point up the hill
then carry the water under the road by means of a
culvert
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1909-04-08
bitches AND CULVERTS.

In opening and excavating bitches it is too fire.
quently the custom to follow along the surface making
them of equal depth at all points 1t is wise to
do this, nor to commence the construction of a
road without thorough knowledge of the actual lay
of the land respects the line of drainage, and few
dollars spent in getting accurate profile of the
work will be returned many times over in essening
the cost of construction and expense of future main
tenance. There should be a continuous fall in the
ditch along the entire line of the road to prin-
cipal line Of drainage, and where low place inter
vencs side drainage should be provided for but it
frequently occurs that there is low place encountered
which is practically impossible drain either along
the road lateray in such the road should be
raised high enough above the highest stage of water
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1909-04-08

The drag should be light enough for one man to
handle easily and the weight of the driver is usually
sufficient.
dry log has its advantages, but anything will do
An elm, walnut chestnut soft maple are prefera-
bic TO oak or hickory.
The log should be to feet long and from 10 to
L inches in diameter and carefully split down the
middle The heaviest and best slab should be selected
for the front. At point this front slab inches
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1909-04-08

forward when the other end is perpendicul;
construction of the drag in this case is the
given above, but care must be taken tlat
bored to receive the stakes are plumb. No
under the lower edge of the blade is nee
using such log
Drags can be made either right or left h.
will best suit the lay of the ground upon wi
will be used.
CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE1
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1909-04-08
PUDDLED EARTH.

a sample of moist clay taken from roadbed will
be found practically impervious water it may be
roughly shaped into a dish of damp earth which will
be found tight Earth in this condition is what
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1909-04-08
A ROAD RED BOOK
OF Rules and Instructions for use of Super
Uisors in Garrett County, Nd

"A country road like every other piece of human
work, is bad toerable good, just in proportion
the amount of sense and ingenuity that has been
put into its construction; and we'll done job is
testimonial to the makers intellect.
A good road is splendid investment; it raises the
value of every of land within its reach it shortens
distance saves time, wagons, horse flesh, harness,
increases the load and lessons the burden and makes
it possible to haul two to market with the
power that now leaves one ton stuck in the mre 1t
brings us closer together, drives gloom, makes
neighbors of hermits discounts every farm mortgage
and brings JOY and COntentment to every community.
Imagine man, knee deep in mud, trying to look
cheerful?
Every citizen ought to contribute his mite of
sense to the management of the public roads. 1t is
the most important question that claim his atten-
ton. III b. Potter in Country R0adS
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1909-04-08
TO MAKE THE SPLITLOG DRAG.

Do make the drag too heavy; do not make it
OF sawed mbers for the sharp edges of the split
log will do more effective work.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1909-04-08
WHEN TO USE THE sPLIT-LOG DRAG.

The split-log drag should be used when the ground
is moist, but not wet that the earth will stick to
the drag Early in the spring when the frost is
ing of the ground and the roads sloppy it is
well to drag few times and hasten the smoothing
and drying Continue dragging throughout the
season, after eaCh rain, thus the surface will become
compact and hard and be in the the best condition to
shed the next rain. This practice will give the best
results.
The splitog drag is the most valuable complement
of the road machine, and will put the surface in
condition that the machine alone cannot do, if the
drag is used when the ground is moist.
Each farmer whose land abuts upon public road
should be induced to make and keep drag in
Many times after a hard rain the ground IS too wet
for him work in it, yet not too wet to the drag
short time spent upon the road with a team and
drag will not be missed and will add to his and
his nefghbors comfort when next they have occasion
to 90 to town.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1909-04-08

Not money alone makes good roads or makes the
roads better, but skill in plans and labor
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1909-05-23

See what Roosevelt is doing. A real
live lion hunt al Luna theater.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1909-05-23
INSCRIBED STONE MAY CHANGE
SOME ACCEPTED FACTS OF HISTORY

CHICAGO, May 22.-Positive proof
of the discovery of America more than
century before the landing of Co
lumbus, is the claim made for a stone
bearing an inscription in Runic char
acters and the date 1862, by its owner,
Hjalmar Rued Holland of Ephraim,
Wis, curator of the Sons of Norway
Historical Archives.
The Rhinestone, so-called because of
its Runic characters, has been plac ed
on exhibition IN the rooms of the
Chicago Historical society.
The stone was found in Douglas
county, Minnesota.
Copies of the inscription and photo
graphs have been sent to the Univer-
sity of Christiana, where no valid criti-
cism of its authenticity was offered
The inscription, as translated, reads as
follows.
Eight Goths and twenty-five Nor
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1909-05-23
FOR SICK CHILDREN
Mrs. Rose Hawthorne Lathrop,
Who Has Done So Much Good
Among Sick Children of New
York, Recommends VinOI.

'ln my work among the destitute
SICK give Vinol IN many cases where
IL would be impossible to give cod liver
OIL IN any other form, on account of
Inc extreme weakness of the patient Is
stomach. T have known Viuol to
restore appetite and infuse new life
III many cases of sick women and chill
aIen when everything else failed. Lit
Ne children seem TO delight in taking
Nino!.''
Lie reason Vino! is so far SUPERIOR
u old fashioned cod liver OIL and
'9ie'sions is because it contains all tho
'""a'cinall, body building elements of
eoaS ivers with the disagreeablc oil
eliminated and tonic iron added.
Ns body builder and strength ere
A'or 10Y old people, weak women, deli
case children, after sickness aud for all
pulmonary troubles, Viuol is recon-
hlcnded by over 5000 Of the loading
cFngglsts o3 Tie United States, Your
money will bo returned OIL demand if
F!noI fnils To benefit. Druehl &
fs;;akcn, also Smith Drag Co.. Salt Lake
. City
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1909-05-23

% CHEHALIS
80 SPOKANE
81 HOSPITAL
80 PHILIPPINES
33 POWER HOUSE
81 FIRE STATION
30 FISHERIES
SO RAILWAY EMPLOYEES
81 SERVICE
SO ADMINISTRATION
SO AUDITORIUM
30 FINE ARTS
Al WOMAN'S STATE
BUILDING
40 LAKE ENTRANCE
43 u. S. LIFE SAVING
"A MAIN ENTRANCE
As RAILROAD STATION
46 AMERICAN WOMAN'S
LEAGUE
~ MASONS
AS PHOTOGRAPHIC
40 IDAHO
80 PURITAN INN
81 SWEDEN
80 ELECTRICITY
53 DAIRY
81 GOOD ROADS
50 PARAFFINE PAINT co
56 MICHIGAN
81 DAUGHTERS AMERI.
CAN REVOLUTION
SIS BAPT1STS
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1909-05-23

wcgians upon voyage of discovery
from Vinland westward.
'sWe had a camp by two skerries
one days journey north from this
stone. We were out fishing one day.
When we returned we found ten men
red with blood and dead. Ave Maria,
save us from evil.
owe have ten men by the sea to
look after our vessel, forty-one days
journey from this island. Year 1862 -
Runic characters, In which the in
scription was written, are believed 10
have originated with the Phoenic ians
ana are known to have been used by
the early Norsemen. The language, as
explained by the translator, is that Of
early i.mes in southern Sweden and is
not greatly different from the Norwe-
gian language of the present time. The
store Is in an eXcaiieut State of preser-
va;iCn and most OF the characters are
| uprfpct
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1909-05-23
COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES
TO BE HELD ON JUNE )

The programme for the high school com
mcnccment exercises 10 he held Saturday
evening. June >, has been arranged and was
given out Saturday: Harry SVEN. presi-
dent, will deliver tho class address. while
Miss Eva Eesler will make the valedictory
ID, H. Christensen, superintendent OF the
city's public schools. will make the presensa-
ton of the diplomas. Following is the pro-
gramme in full
Grouping of tho class of 1909
tnorus .'.-'s... Senior class
Address President Harry Sven
Music ,..s-..: .,-... Male quartet
Scholastic ideas representing by groups
Ye Olden Times, Manual Training, Domestic
Science Gymnasium, Typewriting, Labora-
tory. Cadets. Art.
The New High School Building. ..-..
-.,.sH..'.. ...-...'.. .'--..,'s Lawrence Clayton
Presentation 10 School. Warren Stratton
Acceptance. ..........,. Alonzo Watson 10
Nnlodlctory ..s,.s...e-...- EVA kesler.
Presentation of diplomas s-,.....v.
........ Superintendent d. III. Christensen
Farewell song Observation-Disclosures. Glass
See what Roosevelt is doing. A real
live lion hunt at Luna theater
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1909-05-23
New Library Books

The following fourteen volumes will be
added to the public library Monday morning.
May 2A, 1909:
Miscelaneous-Am Institute OF Min.
ing Engineers, index 10 vol, l-35 OF transac.
tious. Bailey Cyclcpedia OF American Agr.
culture, vol. (iarm and community. (Ref,
erencel,
Jadn8sohn-Chnon ard fueuc
Lcnnan-llow to double the days work.
Lodge-Rosalynde.
Mayer-Public ownership and the tele.
phone in Great Britain,
San Francisco Citizens Henlth Commits.
sion-Erndicating plague from San Fran.
cisco.
Yilcs s. Furnivall. ds--Rogues aud vaga.
bonds Of Shakespeare time
Fiction-Bachcler Hand made genileman :;
Crawford. White sister; Hayes, Paul Anthony
Christian; Inner shrine; Lane, Eatrinei vii
hanson Set in silTer.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1909-05-23

tion shows the progress made up to
noon Saturday. 1t gives AN idea of the
immense proportions of the restaurant,
which, as construction proceeds, will
assume the shape of a real ship. This
new building extends out into the
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1909-05-23

Rapid progress is being made in the
construction Of the Ship restaurant at
Saltair, and there is no question but
that this new feature will be in readi.
ness for the opening day, Saturday,
May %. The accompanying illustra-
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1909-05-23

business lines are excellent. In fact,
although there are few features worthy
of comment. trade has been good and
complaints from local dealers in any
line are hard to find.
There have been a number of changes
in the investment stock and bond mar
ket. with Consolidated Wagon and
Machine company 8 stock showing con
siderable Improvement and with recent
sales at high figure. UtahIdabo
Sugar company stock changed hands at
a high figure, and few of the bank
stocks showed fluctuations in prices.
The increase of the capital of the Con
tinental National bank, formerly the
Commercial National. to $250,000 from
100000 is considered an excellent com,
ment on the financial situation here,
and the increase of the capital stock
Of Zion S Cooperative Home Building
and Real Estate company to 100000
is also remarked upon as a good sign
of the times The Merchants bank
will also increase the capital stock in
the near future, and on June the
stockholders Of the Home Fire Insur-
anee company will consider an increase
OF the capital stock. During the week
the Utah Hotel company was organized
with a capital of 81 800, 900.
Stocks and Bonds,
Following are the latest quotations
for local stocks and bonds:
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1909-05-23

The Isis and the Crescent never
snow pictures alike
Enough.
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1909-05-23

water some 800 feet from the main
platform, affording from either deck
commanding view Of all the sur
roundings of the resort. Being apart
from the other building the beautiful
sunsets on the lake may be seen TO
greatest ADVANTAGE
The Salt Lake tribune. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1890-current, 1909-05-23

INDEX TO BUILDINGS.
! GOVERNMENT
2 ALASKA
5 HAWAII
4 EUROPEAN
5 ORIENTAL
6 AGRICULTURE
Z MANUFACTURE
8 MINES
8 KING COUNTY
10 TRANSPORTATION
il MACHINERY
l2 FOUNDRY
l3 MUSIC PAVILION
IA Y. w. G. A..
is JAPAN
10 CANADA
II GRAND TRUNK r. R.
18 VANCOUVER WORLD
19 HOO-HOO
20 FORESTRY
81 OREGON
% WASHINGTON
% NEW YORK
% NATURAL AMPHI-
THEATER
% YAKIMA COUNTY
90 CALIFORNIA
81 EDUCATION
2S ARCTIC BROTHERHOOD