davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-07-01
ORCHARD SUGGESTIONS

Young apple trees may be protected
against the ravages OF destructive ami
NAL pests by wire netting.
In the warmer climates every one
who wishes a beautiful shade tree
should plant the pecan. 1t will not
only give delightful shade, but de-
licious nuts raised may easily be made
q source of profit.
Cultivate COW peas and red clover
In your young orchard. This will ben
eft the trees and at the same time give
you an income.
Cultivate around your trees with a
hoe several times during the year and
keep mulch of grass over the culti-
waited space.
When trees commence to bear use a
fertilizer rich in potash. Wood ashes
can be used to advantage at that
time.
The value of the fruit crop in Wash
ington, Oregon and Idaho last year
was almost S20,000.000.
White hellebore is a substitute for
paris green. 1t may be applied to the
bushes dry, mixed with three times its
weight of flour.
The national plant Introduction gar
den at Chico Cal, is experimenting
with the raising of the cork oak, which
has not yet been grown commercially
In the United States. The cork oak
thrives in Spain, where it is the basis
Of an important industry.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-07-01
FOR GOOD BUTTER MAKING

An overloaded churn is sometimes
The cause of slow coming of the but
ter. If the amount of cream is too
large for the size of the churn, turn
ing it over and over will not agitate
The cream sufficiently. The churn
should be less than half full, and should
not be turned too fast to allow the
cream to drop from side to side of the
churn.
Stop churning when the butter gran
ulates if you want to wash out all the
outtermilk.
When the conditions for the creEsn
Using are unfavorable put less milk
into the pans or cans; the cream will
rise quicker to the top.
Thin cream may be churned at a
higher temperature than thick cream,
and sweet cream at a slightly higher
pne than sour cream.
Fine butter has a clear, nutty flavor,
nice color (not too high), firm,
waxy texture, free from moisture, and
a grain which, Shen broken, shows Lire
east steel
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-07-01
A VERY WELL KEPT DAIRY


Levi p Morton, whose thousand acre
estate, Ellerslie, is one of the splen-
did show places on the banks Oh
the Hudson, was one of the first
of Americas wealthy men to incorpo-
rate dairy as conspicuous feature OF
his country place.
There is no attempt to produce Ger
tilted milk or to introduce any eX-
traordinary or fancy elements in the
dairy at Ellersle.
1t is a herd of Guernsey cows, intel
ligently selected, we'll housed and fed
and MIXED with due regard to clean
Illness.
ANY one who has an honest desire to
produce good milk can follow the eX-
ample set here with equal success. In
some respects it is more of an in
SEPARATION to the ordinary farmer and
dairvnan than are some of the more
nretentious dairies, with their exceed
ingly high ideals.
In buying cattle for this farm Mr.
Barnes, the superintendent has an eye
constantly on the future of the hero
as well as the present supply of milk tc
be obtained About $50 cows consti-
tute the herd, between so and 80 o!
which are being MIXED at present.
More than 600 quarts of milk is
shipped daily to New York. The mill
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-07-01
DANGER OF BARBED WIRE

Barbed wire is all right for stock
cattle and makes cheap fence, but it
is hard to construct such fence to
turn hogs, and, owing to its dangerous
chara cteristics, it is out of the question
for horses, and even for mich cows.
With the woven wire fence the post
expense is not SO great as that of
the other kinds, as they need not be
so heavy, and may be set a good dis
tance apart. Heavy end posts are
an absolute necessity, and they should
be set in the ground not less than
three and half to four feet deep. If
the line posts are twenty to twenty
five feet apart it is very good idea
to have every fourth post of good size,
longer than the others, to allow extra
setting. In setting end posts dig a
big hole, put the post in, and begin to
tapnp and ram from the very bottom.
not filling it too fast, SO as to get the
earth about the post packed from the
bottom to the top. The dead man"
plan of bracing post is perhaps better
than any other. The dead man" is a
short post or heavy stone buried about
three feet deep, four feet from the end
posts, and with a gable made of plain
galvanized wire to the post top and
around the dead man the post can be
held for years as firmly as when set
Be sure to use galvanized wire, as
black wire will not last more than six
or seven years.
A thirty inch high woven wire fence
two smooth No. 10 and one barbed wire
at the very top, makes a good fence
for any kind of stock, and can be put
up for less than 40 cents per rod, ex.
elusive of posts.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-07-01
A LITTLE DAIRY WISDOM

An overfat COW is never profitable
one to the dairyman.
A scrub COW will eat as much as
pure bred one, but there will be
great difference in the size of the milk
pail YOU will have to buy.
Keep the best heifer calves for your
own use.
Whether the profits in the dairy
business are to be large or small de-
bends more upon the man handling the
COW than upon the price of butter fat
Plenty of the right kind Of pasture Is
essential to the cows on the farm.
narrowing the pasture land in the
snring and fall will help out wonder
fully.
The number of cows MIXED daily
in the United States is estimated at
81 900, 900.
Three thousand pounds of milk was
converted into cheese at the same ex-
hibition. The product was distributed
among the visitors.
The advice to permit mold to ac-
cunulate in the dark, damp corners of
the COW barn is pretty good, but better
advice is to have no dark, damp cor
ners in the cow barn.
Be sure that the dairy COWS get as
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-07-01
PROFIT IN FRUIT

While the average money received
from an acre of apple trees will not
exceed SIS, in many cases, under mod
ern methods of high culture, proper
fertilizing and spraying of the trees to
destroy insects and fungous diseases a
yield of 5000 to $500 per acre is OBJ
tanned on many farms, and there are
we'll known instances where $500 has
been received for an acre of Baldwin
apples This has been done in Orleans
county in western New York.
AT yorktown Heights, in Winchester
county a farmer planted thirteen acres
to peach trees a few years ago. Three
years later he sold $1,000 worth of
peaches, and the next year the yield
brought $500. After deducting $1,10O
for expenses in the cultivation of the
crop and hiring teams to haul the
fruit to market, he put $4,000 in the
bank, making an average of $500 as
net profit per acre. The yield can be
increased largely by growing especially
fancy fruit
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-07-01
FEED THE PIGS SOUR MILK

1t seems that small amount of sour
milk is suitable for best purposes in
the stomach of the hog, and the re-
suits of feeding sour milk are equal,
sometimes superior, in the tests to
those of sweet milk.
This does not argue that you can
feed hogs vinegar or a very strong acid
as Lewis has pronounced decidedly
against sour swill, sour fruit, etc. as a
hog feed.
But the acid in what is termed sour
milk is not excessive, and seems TO be
about right for feeding purposes. A
great many years ago, before the in
PRODUCTION of separators, the dairyinan
soured all his milk before 'skimming,
as it caused the cream to rise better
and quicker, and pigs fed this milk
We're made to grow rapidly. In meas
ure it is better for pig feeding purposes
than separator milk, as the skimming
is not so clean and the butter fat is not
so fully taken out as by the separator
process.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-07-01
WOULD HAVE PURE MILK.

sells at no fabulous price, although it
brings little more than does ordinary
milk on account of its reputation. Ell
lerslie milk sells for Az cents a quart
as a minimum, and at times the price
reaches cents.
Many men who eat an inexpensive
quick lunch in dairy restaurants in
New York may enjoy the luxury of a
glass of pure Ellerslie milk at mod
crate cost.
The milk is shipped direct from Mr..
Morton's farm to a lunch company
which makes special attraction of a
good quality of milk.
Milking time begins early at Ellers-
lie, long before sunrise, but electric
lights make the great barn as light as
day.
The second milking comes at half
past 8 in the afternoon. Clean white
garments are daily provided for the
mixers, and cleanliness is insisted
upon.
AS soon as the milk comes from the
cow it is taken to the dairy, which is
near by, but does not join the barn
Here it is at once cooled by being
poured over iced tubes.
Part of it is then bottled by ma.
chinery and is ready for shipment. TIL,
remainder is put into cans, which hav,
been carefully sterilized, as have tn
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-07-01
MOST FAMOUS BEAR In THE WEST

What is perhaps the most famous
bear in the west to-day, and the one
seen by more people probably than
any other, is the famous Hearst grizzly
of the Golden Gate park, at San Fran
cisco, Cal. This bear is set in pit
with two others; those, however, are
not grizzlies.
Old Monarch, as he is known, is said
to tip the scale at 1,400 pounds. The
San Francisco Examiner is responsible
for his capture, which was effected
about sixteen miles from Santa Paula,
Cal, on Pine mountain.
Some two years before the midwinteI
fair of 1912 the bear was taken, but
he does not seem to have suffered by
his captivity in the least. If anything
he has prospered.
: During the winter his bearship eats
but little-twelve to fourteen loaves OF
bread will do for the three bears in the
cage, although in the summer thirty
five are needed. This is despite the
fact that he does not hibernate. Grass
and weeds, too, are given him at his
hungrier season.
| Captivity has not softened his griz-
Fly heart, and he will, moreover, attack
| his keeper if given chance. So the
keeper takes good care that the beal
never gets him in corner. In fact he
only enters the cage when he absolute
| ly must.
Four cubs have been bred from this
| grizzly; two of these, however, Were
killed by their mother because she had
no place to hide them.
4 AT the same time this full old
| grizzly, whose age is estimated at about
80 years, plays about with the Other
bears in the water as gently, it seems
as lap-dog.
Old Monarch was taken fifteen years
ago as a result of the attempt to cap
ture another famous grizzly, known as
"Old Club Foot" that had been at.
lacking the sheep about Pine noun
tain.
Instead of "old Club Foot" Mon
arch" was caught in the old log trap
and after being roped into sled wa!
chained down and then drawn ou
eight miles through the wilds into ;
cage, within which he was shipped t,
summer garden near Frisco.
He was later shipped to Golden Cat,
park.-F. ]. KOCH
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-07-01

bottles. A separate room is devoted
to the sterilizing process.
While large quantity of milk is sold
to New York city, the Morton house,
hold and all who live upon the es-
tate are literally supplied with milk,
as is Holiday House, nearby insti-
tuition supported by the Mortons, where
convalescent children are sent from
New York hospitals and are helped back
to health by the excellent milk and
other food and fresh air which they
enjoy there.
No butter is made at Ellerslie for
the market, but butter is made for
Holiday House and the Morton family.
Every pot being marked with an c.
this letter might well stand for excel
lence, but does, in fact, stand for Ell
lerslie.
The cows of Eilerslie herd are
housed in barn 296 feet long, and it is
a splendid building for the purpose
Ventilation and light are amply pro-
vided for by numerous windows
The floor is of concrete and the best
equipment for feeding the COWS has
been installed.
Mr.. Barnes believes thoroughly il
outdoor pasturing for dairy cows, con,
trary to the opinion of many dairy
men, largely because of the effect upol
the calves.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-07-01

width and depth, / foot deep and 2
feet wide. The partition between them
sets off 2 feet from the end, which
makes the feed box 2x2x1 feet. There
is door to the feed box through
which all feed may be given, thus pre-
venting any accident likely to happen
by going into the stall with feed or
lantern.
1 prefer concrete floors, but for those
who prefer plank the floor should be
about 8 inches lower at the horses
heels, with the plank running as shown
in the cut This makes the stall easy
to sweep and to keep clean.-J. Yves
ley Griffin.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-07-01

The bathroom may be entered from the rear porch
feature which will be appreciated by the men folks.
material entering into the construction OF any
building of will be governed entirely
local conditions would be simply waste of space
describe the same here.
The house is balloon frame ten feet to the
caves, half pitch; lap siding is used for
walls and built in of the colder states
should be lined with ship lap and this
stripped studding with lath the lah
plasterng nailed the strips. which
hafinch between the lath and sheathing
for mortar
This a solid job of plasterng and very
house. While it is not possible for any to give
intelligent estimate of building without being
the ground and being familiar with the local prices etc.
this house built times prices ranging
from $1,000 to s24oo bath and hot air furnace included
j. E. BridgElan, Lamar, Mo-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-07-01
Be GREATER, BUT IN THE
A VERY GREAT SAVING.

it comes in contact with the damp
earth, forms a breeding place for bac-
terra and fungi.
There are several preservative meth
DDS in use, any of which will aid If
properly applied.
Charring or plunging in burning coal
tar is very satisfactory.
Substitutes, such as iron and re-en-
forced concrete, are being used by
some, but their cost is so great that
their use as end posts only are to be
advised.
Rough and heavy braces are I'M
slightly and should be avoided in the
front fences and where cleanliness and
neat appearance are desired.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-07-01
WORLDS GREATEST PAGER
Marvel of Speed at Twelve Years of Age in l9O8-
Expected to Lower His Own Record This Year.

1:53 clip, and at the three quarters in
1:25k.
At the seven eighths the pacemaker,
driven by Scot Hudson, broke blood
vessel and slackened down enough to
shorten Dams tremendous stride of
twenty-five feet, and yet Dan Patch
finished that mile in 1:56A, which all
fair minded men must acknowledge
was by far the fastest and greatest mile
in the life of the fastest harness horse
in the world
Hersey states that when this hap
pened Dan was going easy and was not
firing, and that. barring the accident
to the pacemaker. Dan would have
surely beaten 1855
In no other year has Dan ever start
ed out with a mile in 900 and then re-
duced it at every performance. His
last mile is absolute proof that Dan
Patch in his twelfth year was faster
than ever, which is doubly remarkable
from the fact that Dan has been per-
forming these world famous miles for
six years.
From some of the comments I have
seen printed the readers would be led
to believe that it was a very ordinary
event for a horse to pace faster miles
at IL years of age than any other PAGER
has approached at any age.
l am sure that the facts carry me
out in my statement that Dams per-
formances in 1908 We're the most re-
| markable in his entire life, and indis-
putable proof that he was faster than
ever.
l have no doubt but what he will be
able to give good account of himself
in speed performances during 1909, to
the qualification of his millions of warm
| friends.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-07-01
POULTRY HOUSE FLOORS
Those Made Of Boards Are Deemed the Best De
spite the Cost-Cement Floors Good.

dry rot will not attack the wood, bun
is there any reason why the outsides
should not be made tight and the OPEN
1ngs for aeration be made in the floor
thus letting the air from the poultry
house pass into the space instead Of
the frigid air from out of doors?
Earth floors are becoming quite COM
mon, but they are difficult to keep
clean. Sometimes they are too wet and
sometimes too dry, and if the location
of the poultry house is low they be-
come damp, which is very detrimental
to the health of poultry.
An earth floor, to be kept in good
shape, would have to be kept covered
with litter of coal ashes. AS
matter of fact, the ordinary farmer
seldom does this; ideal conditions for
fowls are usually found only in the
institution that is devoted entirely to
the raising of poultry.
Ideal care cannot then be depended
on to give US results, and the dirt floor
will thus usually be found in very I'M
| tidy condition.
Sometimes in winter it freezes hard
and is a poor substitute for wooden
| floor.
| The cement floor is coming to be quite
| popular in some localities. but has the
disadvantage of being cold. Also it will
not entirely prevent the entrance OF
moisture.
A cement floor, like an earth floor.
has to be kept covered with something
in the winter time. 1t is, however, san
itary and easy to clean when 1t has
become dirty.
Water can be used upon it without
any injurious results. 1t will not become
the harboring place for lice and ro-
dents do not try to gnaw through it.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-07-01
FENCE THE FARM PROPERLY
THE FIRST COST Be GREATER BUT THE LONG RUN MEANS

All fence posts should be set per-
fectly perpendicular and the braces
fitted in closely and tightly.
Pieces of timber put in the ground
between the posts prevent their lean
ing toward each other, and also pre-
vent hole being worn under the gate
through which the shotes may go into
the corn field.
Short braces or blocks set on this
piece of timber and leaning against
the posts will keep the wheels from
running too near the posts.
A fiat stone should form the foot
of the underground brace. The earth
should be well tramped around the
braces and the posts.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-07-01
BY M. W. SAVAGE.

During the past few months have
noticed the various comments printed
about Dan Patch and his 1908 perform
ances. Some of these have been writ
ten in all fairness to the fastest horse
that has ever lived, and have been
based on facts. Others seem to have
been written under pressure of pre1u-
dice or based on absolute ignorance.
We have many truly great and fast
horses in this country, and new ones
will develop from time to time. AS
horse breeder I certainly believe this
or I would not continue in the business,
do not wish to appear as trying to
detract from the greatness of any
horse, but simply to state facts about
Dan Patch.
Early in the summer I stated that
Dan Patch was faster than ever, and
that, although he was - years old, he
would pace the fastest mile in his life.
Dams first fast mile last year was
the last week of August, when he paced
mile In 900, with every eighth in
10 seconds.
AT that time told Hersey that his
first mile proved my statement and
that 1t was the easiest and best mile
ever saw Dan pace, and I saw his
miles in 1861 and 1855.
Dams second performance was a mile
In 1.5B&, finished where a tremendous
crowd had taken possession of the
track, with just room enough for Dan
to pass between the crowding people.
His third mile was in 1: 5S and his
fourth mile was paced in 157A.
On Oct. IL, at Lexington, Dan paced
the first quarter in 20 seconds and the
second quarter in 271a seconds, a 1850
clip. He was at half in 56h seconds, a
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-07-01

With the constant increase in the
price of lumber there is a growing
tendency to use something else than
boards in the construction of floors of
poultry houses. There are many peo-
pie who consider the board floor the
best. 1t must be agreed, however, that
there is point in the advancing cost of
lumber at which the use of boards Will
have to be dispensed with.
Most people that construct poultry
houses are not so rich that they can
afford to pay out large sums of money
for any part of the structures.
The board floor is without doubt the
warmest kind of floor, and that is why
the writer favors it, The ideal way of
building such floor is to use matched
lumber for the top and rough boards
for the bottom, with tarred paper be-
| tween.
The thick, heavy tarred paper is the
kind that should be used. Much of the
tarred paper being used in house con-
| struction Is of very little value.
| 1t simply answers to fulfill the prom
Use of the contractor to put tarred pa
per in the walls. The heavy paper
costs more, but it is worth more than
| it costs.
A floor that is thoroughly well put
together will be quite warm, provided
that the space under it is kept tight
A floor of wood should stand foot OF
so above the ground, so that rats can
not get chance to gnaw it.
The trouble about the space under
the floor is that it is quite commonly
left open to the weather, and the floor
above the space becomes very cold II
the winter time
Some builders say that this space
should be left open to the air, so tina
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-07-01
THE COOLING MOTH.

something like the plumage of a bird.
On each front wing is a large dark
brown spot marked with streaks of
bronze or gold.
The moths begin to lay their eggs
at once. The egg upon a leaf or fruit
looks like a small white blister about
the size of a pinhead. They hatch in
about five to ten days. AS soon as the
young worm crawls from the egg it
begins to feed upon the foliage or the
young apples. Upon reaching the near
est apples about three-fourths of the
worms enter them at the blossom end.
The rest of the worms enter the fruit
through the side. The worms often
hollow cut the seeds, their work being
indicated hv the well known >xcreta
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-07-01

thrown out at the calyx, showing the
worminess of the apple.
In about month it eats its way
out through the side of the apple and
seeks a place in which to form CO.
coon.
The way to kill the apple worm is to
spray with arsenate of lead, paris
green and bordeaux mixture Just after
the blossoms drop. and again a week
later.
Woodpeckers and nuthatches destroy
millions of the appleworns by digging
them out from under the bark of the
trees in winter. Thoroughly scrap
4 ing the bark with sharp hoe so as to
destroy the larva is a great aid in
keeping this insect under control.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-07-01
BY j. w. GRIFFIN.

A great deal of unnecessary fencing
is being put on many of our farms. II
more careful planning and mapping
out of the fields was done there would
be great deal of expense cut off.
The end posts are the life of the
fence. and should be put in good and
deep, well tamped and braced.
Care in the selection of the posts,
especially the corner and end posts, is
very essential. The end or braced
posts should be large and perfectly
sound
If possible the posts should be sea-
soned, as a green piece of wood, when
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-07-01
UP-To-DATE HORSE STALL

The features of the horse stall shown
in the pen sketch are the hay chute,
manger, feed box and door at the rear
of the feed box. The hay chute is
built outside of the stall and connects
with the upper floor. 1t also has a
door near the top on the outside of the
stall by which hay may be fed from
the lower floor. The chute is 8 feet
wide and feet deep. The upright
bars are s inches apart The bottom
of the chute is made slanting to the
front, so with much or little hay in 1T
all will be in reach of the horse. The
manager and feed box are the same