davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The enterprise-recorder. (Madison, Fla.) 1908-1933, 1909-04-08
SOME TUNNEL BUILDERS.
The SOLITARY Bees" Dig Out Their
Homes Under the Earth.


Homes Under the Earth.
Not all the bees one sees on the
howers are the busy little fellows
who supply our tables with honey. or
course, you all know that the great
FAMILY Of bees may be roughly divided
INTO the social bees, those that live
together in populous communities and
the solitary bees which live only one
or two in home.
Instead Of building their homes Of
wax some of these industrious little
solitary fellows are tunnel builders
and eAcayate their homes in the
earth BY no means is theirs a light
TASK and the amount Of work some.
times done by a single bee is enor.
mous-alm0st beyond belief. It has
been approximately calculated that
the little blue digger bee CAugochlora)
digs such a tunnel in proportion to
her weight that if a man weighing IS
pounds would equal it he must dig a
mole four feet in diameter and 1895
miles deep. And this represents less
than half the work done, for this COM
putation takes no account of the
branches and cells. Furthermore, 1t
has been since discovered that this
little bee digs two Of these tunnels
during her lifetime.
The tunnels of some Of the solitary
bees are driven horizontally in the
sides Of steep slopes, and others are
sunk vertically from the surface Of
the level ground, according to the hab.
its of the different species Leading
from the main passageway, there are
short branches which terminate each
in a widened chamber or cell. The
whole interior Of this cell is plastered
with a cement that makes the walls
smooth and waterproof and also hard.
ems them so the earth does not fall
in.
These little bees differ slightly in
their opinions as to which is the best
food and, consequently, some species
store their cells with a pellet of pol
len while others are sure that honey,
with little pollen added, is by far the
best food for a young bee. In either
case, an egg is placed on the food
mass and the entrance to the cell
closed up. When the lowest cell is
properly stocked and sealed, then the
next higher one, and so on toward the
top. In this way the earth from each
succeeding cell fills the passageway
below it and so prevents access to the
cells by the natural enemies Of the
bees.-St. Nicholas.
The enterprise-recorder. (Madison, Fla.) 1908-1933, 1909-04-08

At 2 o'clock he goes out for physical
exercise and may not return until
about 8. Then comes the afternoon
tea, TO which one usually invites a
friend.
Dinner is served at Z o'clock in the
common dining room, where students
and teachers dine together. The place
in which Giffen has dinner is a big
fine room with a high ceiling. The
sides are panelled in oak and hung
with the portraits of ancient bene-
factors of the college. The silver
used at the table is from fifty to 500
years old. After dinner the students
usually go out to amuse themselves.
University Missourian.
The enterprise-recorder. (Madison, Fla.) 1908-1933, 1909-04-08
Experts In Climbing,

Some of the guides are experts in
climbing. There are a number who
are noted for their skill in what the
Alpinist calls snow and ice work"
That means going up peak which
has so many snow fields and glaciers
that its sides and SUBMITS may be
nearly covered with them. The gla-
cier guide can tell you all about cor
nices"-snow masses which project
from the edge of precipices and over
hang the valley beneath like the roof
of a house. Experience has told him
whether a cornice can be crossed safe
ly or whether It may break off If one
ventures upon It. He is also an ex-
pert with the ice axe carried in his
belt, cutting footholds in the glittering
walls that may rise so or 100 feet
above your head. These ice precipic-
es are frequently found at the heads
Of glaciers, which, as the schoolboy
knows, are merely rivers of frozen
water slowly moving down the face of
a mountain on account of the force Of
gravity and the great pressure Of the
ice masses Wnicn form their source
on the upper part Of the slope, 9th.
er guides make a speciality of rock
work." conducting persons up peaks
which may be only partly covered with
snow and ice, but having sides Of bare
rock so steep that in places the cliffs
may be almost straight up and down.
Here it would seem that one must be
as spry and as sure-footed as the
chamois- the rare goat that lives up
amid the Alps While the crevasse
and other dangers of the snow and
ice fields may be absent the mountain
may be so abrupt that the climber
must ascend hundreds of feet pulling
himself up with his arms aiding his
legs. while often the guide hauls him
to the top OF the most dificult slopes
~ main strength,-St Nicholas.
The enterprise-recorder. (Madison, Fla.) 1908-1933, 1909-04-08
Wallets FOR ALL AT OXFORD.
LIE Easy at the English University,
Says a Student From Missouri.


LIE Easy at the English University,
Says a Student From Missouri.
Morrison Beall Gihen, at the Uni
'ersity of Missouri last year and now
Rhodes scholar at oxford, has writ
Ua a letter to the head Of the Cos
Iopolitan Club in Columbia, of which
ne was charter member and the
Ala chairman.
mr. Giffen says that during the last
No months he has been kept busy
Preparing for an examination which
le must take before the Christmas
oxford has a peculiar system of
sAaminauon. There are three exam
nations only during the entire
sgufse' one for entrance, one in the
Ladle Of the course and one at the
Lie is very easy at oxford-per-
1sas too easy-thinks Giffen. There
s.e servants for everything. A days
p'osram begins at 7.30 O'Clock in the
-0inlng, when a servant wakes the
splaent and gets his bath ready.
= S'eekiast is brought into the room
a. $50 o'clock.
q. ron o'clock TO noon the student
\, supposed to study. At O'Clock a
11' luneh is brought into his room.
The enterprise-recorder. (Madison, Fla.) 1908-1933, 1909-04-08
WOMEN PAYING PENALTY.
Increased Death Rate Among Female
Waec-Earners.

Increased Death Rate Among Female
Waec-Earners.
Women have begun to pay the pen
atty for entering the fields of employ
ment formerly occupied by men eXclu-
siyely, according TO a mortuary table
for Manhattan and the Bronx recently
prepared by DR.. William II. Guilfoy,
the registrar Of records Of the health
department He has compared two pc
riods-1SG8, when women had not TAX
en- up general employment in CONNER
cal and professional life, and 1907
when there is hardly an occupation i'm
which they do not figure. Despite the
tremendous gain made in the fight for
supremacy over the great white plague
the deaths from all causes between the
ages Of 40 and Go or over show that at
the period when the manner of the past
life is most potential for health or dis
case, the death rate exceeds that OF
forty years ago.
Between the ages Of As and 81 in
1868 the percentage Of deaths from
all causes was 17,G9. as compared with
1867 in 1907; between the ages Of IS
ard g. 1868, 2937, and in 1907, 3s. AZ;
for Go years and over $40 in 1868, and
$3.50 in 1907. In tuberculosis Of all
kinds there has been a great reduction
in the death rate for all years. This
reduced the foregoing figures, or the
showing of an increased percentage Of
deaths would be still greater. From
other diseases the increase has been
uniform.
Life insurance companies have long
recognized this adverse condition, hay
ing observed the gradual increase Of
deaths among women who are in bust
ness. While the health departments
the country over keep the statistics
as accurately as possible they are not
as accurately as practically as by the
life companies, which figure the dan
gers Of risks TO a nicely unknown in
other lines of activity DR.. Guilfoy
gees great advancement in the fight
against tuberculosis, but even in that
disease he has shown that the mean
average Of death among women has
shortened the duration of life since
lS6S.-New York Tribune.
The enterprise-recorder. (Madison, Fla.) 1908-1933, 1909-04-08
And lie Probably Did.

what can l do" roared the fiery
orator, when / see my country going
to ruin, when 1 see our oppressors'
hands at our Threats, strangling us,
and the black clouds Of hopelessness
and despair gathering on the horizon
to obliterate the golden sun Of pros
perity. What, / ask. what can do?"
"sit down." shouted the audience.
New York Times.
The enterprise-recorder. (Madison, Fla.) 1908-1933, 1909-04-08
An Eneumbranee.

Little Helen had been very noisy
all day long. Her papa asked her to
stand IN the corner TO punish her.
After crying a while she very indig
nantly said. Il do wish papa had never
married in this family.
The enterprise-recorder. (Madison, Fla.) 1908-1933, 1909-04-08

The Laplander can travel about
$50 mile- day on his skates.
The enterprise-recorder. (Madison, Fla.) 1908-1933, 1909-04-08
A Talk With Luther Burbank

The Wizard Tells Of Some Successes and
Some Failures. - = =
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1909-04-08
RIVAL CANDIDATES HEARD
judEa Mann Speaks At chziottsUHls, NJ.
Tucker Al Accomsc.

Hon. II. ST. Geo. Tucker, candidate
Tor Democratic nomination for governor
against Judge v. II. Mann, addressed q
largs assemblage at Aecomsc c. II. Mon
Cay. he was introduced by State Sena-
tor b. T. Guuter. Referring to the
liquor question. Mr. Tucker said:
81 came here with no league behind
me. no W. c. T. u. back OF me, as un-
derstend my opponent has. l am here
~ Democrat, asking for Democratic
votes"
Mr.. Tucker charged that Judge Mann.
despite his ardent protestation OF opposi-
ton TO the liquor traffic, absented him
self when In the last legislature a bill
came up to stop the sale Of liquor on
dining cars.
Judge W. HMsnn wac greeted by two
large and enthusiastic audiences at
Charlottesville Monday. Judge Mann's
first address was delivered IN the court
house at O'Clock. He was introduced
by Capt Aicsiah Woods.
Capt. Woods stated that he was SUD
porting Judge Mann because he regarded
him as the author OF q great deal OF i'm
portast legislation and especially be.
cause OF his boldness and Leadership
In connection with the passage OF the
Mann bill. Capt. Woods said that be
considered that the Mann bill had done
more for breaking up OF hundreds oil
crossroads barrooms and liquor shops
thar any other legislation. He believed
that Judge Mann was q conservative
man and would not be dictated to by ex.
ttemists on either side Of the liquor ques.
ton.
Judge Mann's address at night was be.
lore the Mann Club, OF Charlottesville
500 strong.
Iodge Mann replied to statements made
by Tucker In his Manchester speech OF
March "a In references to Judge Mann's
position on bank examiners and on com
pu,sory education.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1909-04-08
FIGHT FOR FREE
LUMBER FAILS
COunteTvalIlng Duty is Cut Out
Of Tariff Bill.
81 DUTY TO Be RETAINED
An Attempt TO Take Hides From the
Free List Was Defeated BY Over
whelming Majority - Wransling.
Confusion and Fiery Language
Marked Debate on the Schedules.

Washington. April Z. 49, Wrangliug.
confusion. captious objections. per
sonalities and language bordering on
vituperatiOn marked the first days dis
cusSiOu of the Payne tariff bill for
amendment in the house OF represen-
tatives. With practically a full attend
ance. the members were wrought up
TO a high tension and were prepared
TO fight to the last ditch for those
things which their constituents were
demanding
The entire day practically was con
sumed I'm discussing the lumber and
hides schedules. Led by Mr.. Tawney.
OF Minnesota. the advocates Of free
lumber in the rough went down 10 de
feat BY the narrow margin OF six
votes. following the striking out of the
counteryaihng duty on lumber.
An overwhelming majority was mus
tered against amendment by Mr.
Scott OF Kansas. taking hides from
the free list and fixing a duty upon
them OF 10 per cent ad valorem.
The barley schedule came in for a
lively discussion. and when the bill
was laid aside for the day there were
pending two amendments. one raising
the rate In the Payne bill from Is to
p cents bushel and the other fixing
the rate at 10 cents per ad valorem
The sum total of the days work
with the exception OF the elimination
OF the countervailing duty on lumber.
which was a committee amendment.
was TO leave the bill in identically the
condition in which the committee re
ported H. This grants free raw hides
and duty If 81 per thousand on sawed
lumber
The amendment to the lumber
schedule strikes out the proviso I'm
paragraph 1s7 OF the Payne bill.
The paragraph fixes the duty on
sawed lumber at 81 per thousand feet
and also fixes the duty on other class
es OF lumber. The proviso requires
that the maximum rates provided for
in sections three and four Of the bill
shall be imposed upon lumber coming
from any country which fixes an ex.
port duty on lumber shipped to the
United States OF which in any other
way discriminates against or restricts
the expectation OF lumber OF other for
est products TO this country. The para
graph was directed especially against
Canada. and in case OF discrimination
would have had the effect OF increas-
ing the rates provided for In the main
portion OF the paragraph.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1909-04-08
MAY NOT CALL CONVENTION
Democrats Fer that "Dp" Plank Nigh, 8.
AdoptBd

That there Will be no State convention
OF the Democratic party this year Il
practically settled. The claim Il made
that II q convention were called the pso-
pie would disregard the wishes OF both
the candidates Tor governor and make a
declaration FOR prohibition.
liz convention were called aud the
candidates now In the field refused to
iIdorse q prohibition plank. choice OF
dark horse would not be improbable.
A new man would be at a great disad-
tage In having o short q time to make q
campaign, especially after the voters
have practically determined TOR whom
they will vote as between Mann and
Tucker
The vast majority OF the people are
strong Tor local-option. and n State
wide man Is named it might have the
effect OF driving many the voters away
from the party and give the Republicans.
already very active. an opening that
would put the Democrats on the deien-
sive
On the other hand, n the Republicans
declare for prohibition they will succeed
In carrying many Democrats TO that
point
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1909-04-08

We have all along held firmly to
the idea that the primary plan OF
nominating Democrats for Office
would not work satisfactorily. It's
enormous expense, which the candi-
dates must bear, while a most seri-
Gus objection, is still one OF the
minor objections. IL now develops,
as we predicted it would more than
two years ago, that politicians. and
she newspapers generally, which
have been unwilling to listen so any
thing but primary nominations, TO
the exclusion OF the convention sys-
tenn, are clamoring for a convention
In order that the Democratic party
may have an opportunity to go on
record as to State issues.
This scheme will obviously only
add TO the enormous expense now
obtaining to get a candidate before
the people. They have found she
primary plan utterly lacking az q
means Of nomination and defining
issues, and have learned thatit needs
to be bolstered up by a convention
In addition to prevent individuals
from propounding platforms for the
party. The only sure relief Is TO re-
turn to the convention plan, which lie
less expensive, performs the double
service OF nominating the candidate
and propounding the psrty's princi-
pies at one and the same time, while
it creates enthusiasm and not dis
sessions as the primary plan has In
variably done.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1909-04-08
VIRGINIA NEWS

John Armstrong Chaloner returned TO
his Merry Mills estate,in Albemarle coun-
~, from North Carolina, having almost
recovered from his nervous breakdown.
Suffolk Lodge of Elks. by a vote OF 80
to 10, committed themselves to contin-
ued prohibition in their home which has
always been dry. no effort to intr, duce
intoxicants having been made until the
town went dry.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1909-04-08
Headquarters For
Building Materials.

keep all kinds of North Carolina
and Virginia Lumber. dressed and
addressed, Shingles, LAths, Sash,
Doors, and Blinds, Lime, Cement,
Caleine Plaster, Plastering Hair,
Building and Paving Brick. Tin and
Iron Roofing, Cut and Wire Nails, all
Kinds Ready Mixed Paints and Dry
Paint, Linseed Oil. Turpentine, Dryer
Vanish and Lewis's White Lead,
Paint Brushes OF all kinds, window
8lsss and Putty, Builders Hard ware
Of all kinds, Tar Roofing, Sheathing
Paper and fine Brick.
Keep large stock OF Sewer Pipe and
Fire CLAW Pipe. (. ID. Cole.
Agent for sale Of bricks OF Fredericks-
burg Brick Company.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1909-04-08
To the Democratic Voters OF
Oranee County.

most respectfully announce myself a
for denomination for the Hous..
oil Delegates from this county, at the
Democratic primary election. 10 be held
some time this summer still advocate
better schools. better roads and eqnali.
ration OF tax assessments on both per
sonal and real property as far as posi-
Die. l voted Tor the Byrd law and / am
heartily IN favor of it's Enforcement.
also iaVor the greatest latitude of local
option and will cast my ballot for The
submission of the liquor question To the
whole people of this State. Thanking
you for the honOrs heretofor. bestowed
upon me, | am
Very respectfully,
Z. {. Taliaferro. Sr.,
u Orange. Va
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1909-04-08
LOCAL aARKETs

tCorrs-rt-c - StB o. H1ysN R-a
wA~et a. psf, 81 30. eOrs. 73 o. rs.
meal. t1.i5 g. $50 oats, IS 10
40 old hens. hive, 70 a. IL; dressed, Is:
spring chickens, - to Soc per pounc
eh'eaea i've. - -, Is; drawn. Is 90 IL.
undfawn. l3 TO IL: eggs. &c 60 IL:
isrd. 10 TO II; Jucks. live ) 10 10:
turkeys, live. 10; dressed. i6 to IL: bur.
ter. lb =" 20 old hams. 10 a. Is;
new hams. ~ % 10 lrssh pa
tatoes 60 - 20 sweet potatoes.
so 70 81; lambs, 81 so To e. 90; hides'
greco, To az; dry sslted. 4 to y; dry
hides, 10 to II; cali sk,ns M. l. 81 90
20 VI 20; baled hay. $t4 20 eli per ton;
leaf s1snse. 20 to IS per 100; hogs, SIC:
oesf. live weight, 3 20 &c; pork. q 70 81:
wool. 10 10 Is per 10; veal. ~ tn 8.
Early Rose potatoes. 81. 20 70 81 so. g.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1909-04-08
A GOOD GAME

0ne OF the best gamss OF baseball ever
played on the new grounds took place
between Frsdsricksbu'g College and Ran
dolph Macon Collsgs Monday evening.
A large crowd was present and st times
the excitement ran high. The game ~
suited in = victory Tor the visiting team
by q score % 3 20 1 Manning was IN
thu box for fredericksburg College. but
was not IN good shape. - he has been
suffering with a sore arm.
RaSrow's beautiful catch Of Bsnnett's
long fly TO deep center saved the game
for Randolph Macon.
EREnEnIrL SRIrRn Col L.c.e
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1909-04-08
THE DISAPPEARING sHAD.

shed, that delight OF the gourmet. IL
doomed to meet the fate which has over
taken the dodo and the iethyosaurus.
From every fishing ground comes the
same tale Of small catches. dwindling
with each succeeding year. From the
rivers OF Florida to the rocky coast OF
Maine the greed OF man has combined
with Lax laws and INSCRIPTIONS and
shortsighted fishermen 20 destroy one OF
the greatest sources OF cheap food the
world has known n the slaughter Is
permitted to continue for many years as
Il has during the decade or so past, the
time Is not far Of when that gsstronomic
dream known as plenked shad win be
reserved exclusively Tor the tables of
millionaires.
The repeated warnings OF the experts
OF the United States fish commission sp-
perently have had little practical effect.
The real remedy Il hey ond their iurisdic-
ton; II rests with the States. notorious
" slow 20 act when great Industries are
to be curbed and regulated. liz l. a prob
lem 10 conservation that demsnds imme-
diate attention, particularly In view OF
the fact that practically al food prod
ucts have almost doubled In cost to the
consumer within the past few years. Ii
is q question IN which the cities and
tONbc EONOuAtl Otarln 6ft
greatly nterested.-Wssh. Post.
We endorse all the Post has TO say
on this subject and it applies with
special force TO Virginia waters, from
which the shao areiast disappearing
Some idea OF the scarcity OF the fish
can be had from the prices prevailing
in fredericksburg now as compared
with six or seven years ago. Then
you could buy q roe shad In the mar
ket for thirty cents, now the price is
about seventy-five or two and one
half times more than was the case
then. Our fish laws are very lax and
should receive the attention OF the
next General Assembly.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1909-04-08
CHURCHMEN IN CONVENTION

Methodist Professionals Begin a Weeks
Conference In Baltimore.
Baltimore. April THE Methodist
Protestant Church Of the United
States began today a weeks conference
in this city. AS a preliminary to the
conference a public temperance meet.
ing was held. at which William H. An
dersOn. superintendent OF the Anti
Saloon league. told OF the progress of
the movement
The program Of the conference IN
cludes addresses by leaders OF the
church and others interested in reli-
gious work. II is regarded as certain
that Rev. J. NJ. Sheridan. president Of
the conference. will be reelected
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1909-04-08
EGGS FOR MATCHING

Barred PlJ mouth Rock 81 iori5
Rhode Island Red 81 for 10.
Brown Leghorn 81 FOR Is
Pekin Duck 81 for II.
Brown Chinese Geese 81 iorl2
Toulouse Geese 81 Tor II.
Bronze Turkey 50 Tor u.
Good hatch guaranteed. Beautiful
Collie Puppies now ready 70 ship
N. b. Rowe 4 Co.
fredericksburg. Va.
mari : ms 4 meod.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1909-04-08
VIRGINIA coNGRESSMsN DIVIDED

Nirginians IN the House voted Tuesday
rs follows on the Tawney lumber amend.
ment, Which provided for free rough
lumber: For it-Hay, Carlin and Jones.
Against it-Lamb, Lassiter, Maynard
Saunders. Glass and Slemp. Flood did
not vote. He was not In the House
The TawDey amendment is not consider.
ed a good test. Twenty-nine Democrats
voted against It, six OF them North Caro-
Ina Democrats, and one for It.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1909-04-08
DEATH

jamie Scott colored, OF spotsylvan,a
county, died Friday, aged 16 years. She
lie survived by her mother two brothers
and sister. Funeral Sunday 2 d m. az
Mount Ark Bell Baptist church, services
conducted by Rev. j. Robinson and
Rev. A. NJ. Carter.
The deceased was well esteemed and
the funeral largely attended.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1909-04-08
HOLY WEEK IN TRINITY CHURCH

Services as follows:
Monday. Tuesday, Wednesday and
Friday service with appropriate address,
: O'Clock
Thursday, Holy Communion, 1890
a. m.
Good Friday, u m. to / 80 D. IN.
Prayers, hymns and addresses on the
sayings from the cross.
All are cordially invited 10 be present
All seats free
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1909-04-08
CONGRESSIONAL

A senate resolution introduced By Sen
etor Daniel calls for information con-
corning the selling Of goods made In
America cheaper 10 foreign countries
than 10 the United States.
The motion to put lumber on the free
Hist was voted down by ITO to 17e.
NOR than 30 Democrats voting for pro-
tsction.
Senator Aldrish's committee Is putting
tbs f3nish'ng touches TO the substitute
tsyin biii and viii be ready TO report Il
70 The senate a. soon ss the Payne bill
passes the House.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1909-04-08

Three-bese hit. Pritehard; two-base
hit, Bsuman; struck-out, by Manning
l3. by Gravely 1; fret on balls, OF Man.
ming 1; double plsys, Barrow TO New
manS left on bases. Fredericksburg 3.
Randolph Macon 4; passed balls. Barr /;
nrst has, on errors, Fredericksburg :,
Randolph Macon L; sacrifice hits, GIL
lette, Newman; bit by pitchers, by Man
ning 1, by Grsvely l. Time Of game,
hour and 10 minutes. Umpire, Gould
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1909-04-08

IL doubtful about us, ask merchantile
ACKNOWLEDGMENT National Bank or tn.
Citizens National Bank OF Baltimore
Nd We handle Eggs. Poultry and
Butter exclusively. Batter Bros 10
W. Pratt Street. Baltimore. Nd.
Prompt returns. Let us have your
shipments