davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1909-05-28
BACK TO EAGLE RIVER

! N, M, Emmons arrived back in
baSIe River, Wednesday,, bag and
5aasga9e to again take up his resi-
luce 1IC"Ce' Mr.. Emmons moved to
r ~aGSau nearly two years ago and
W, eTLH.aucted a tea and coffee house,
"ulCh he disposed of Saturday on
rG5ount of i'll health of himself
s1o family. Nate will reside in
NV T"n and farm his place on the
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1909-05-28
WANTED-SEALED BIDS

Sealed bids will be received at
the office of the County Clerk on
Or before June 18th, for 200 cords
Of ) foot wood and $50 cords Of
IS inch wood. Must be body
maple and birch. The right is re
served TO reject any and all bids.
C. H. BLoHM,
4o-3t Purchasing Agent,
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1909-05-28
Bids Asked For

The congregation of St. James
Catholic church at Pelican lake.
intend to build church. and are
asking tor sealed bids. Informa-
ton can be received from Father
TopIak, as the new building will
be in his parish.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1909-05-28
A TarantuIa

While unpacking a bunch of
bananas Ihurday, G. L. Carter
discovered a Tarantula. He can
tured it alive and then took it to
the school house where 1t will be
preserved and placed in the lab
OratOrY.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1909-05-28
Are You Locking for TroubIe7

You won't find any dealing with
us. 1T you order a suit or a pair
OF pants they will be made as you
like them, you are pleased or
don't pay, F. F. Novotny, Tailor,
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1909-05-28
NOTICE

The piece of sidewalk, over the
swamp, on the county road, IS
hereby condemned and any and
all persons are hereby notified NOS
to take Gown the obstruction nail
ed at each end of said defective
sidewalk, nor to travel on said de
fective walk.
Bv order of Town Board.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1909-05-28
It is A Sad Tale

To tell friends when Some ig-
norant, un>crurul US tailor or
marchant attaches can to you in
the shape Of 4 bum, i'll fitting SUIT.
Order your clothes Of US, there
Isno element OF chance. Oul gar
meats are right in style, quality,
tit and price.
F. +. Novotny, Tailor.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1909-05-28
Caught Another Wolf

A: Manbeck landed another
"olI Thursday morning, this be-
ing the third he has got within 9
few weeks,
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1909-05-28

Decoration Dav.

sunday, May goth, being Dec
Grafton Day, will be observed in
sne different Churches here in an
EapPropriate manner.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1909-05-28
psrsonal and Local
happenings Around Town
Yrs. Aug. We'll and son Harr

,s,s Watersmeet visitors today. |
rovi Krake was down from Don
.json Thursday shopping. !
r.sve YOUR orders for Ice with |!
o,rt Hirzel, the ice man. i
qor SaIe-Small seed POTATOES.
{, cents bushel. James Mo@an
robn Bushey Of Hackley was
msIness visitor here Wednesday.
Amos Radcliffe was a business
.I.or at Merrill Tuesday.
IL Metz Of Rackley transact
Il business in town w ednesday
FOR Sale-6 horse power engine
Cheap for cash. P. D. Walsh !
rR BrazeIl of Iron River was
visitor here the fore part of the
geeb.
Sheriff McInnis of Crandon
spent Tuesday in town on bust
ness.
Atty. w. c. Smith of Merrill,
mas in town last week looking up
lax titles and attend the tax sale.
I'LL Loughlin returned Monday
from an extended cruising trip in
the west.
young daughter arrived Tues
day at the home Of Mr.. and Mrs.
L3uis Reightley.
0. A. Juva and Joe Friend were
Y ID from Lost lake Thursday on
u business.
Albert Caskey of Cisco lake,
a was a business visitor at the coun-
y seat Wednesday.
A. S. Smith has leased the Gaff-
1ey farm On lake ST. GERMAN and
will use it in connection with his
resort.
Mrs. 7, Johnson returned Mon
day from Milwaukee. where she
q spent several days on account of
. tie iIIness Of her mother.
Potatoes For Sale-A. w. Rich
ardson, 4 miles northwest OF Eag-
lie River. It
Bert TaImadge went to Wausau
i Monday to prove up on MS home
stead. Dave Seward and Adolph
i A2gIe accompanied him as wit
aesseS.
Mrs. Grant Fitch and children
arrived today from Desotah, Miss
2crt to jean her husband on the
'Iracnwyod Ranch on St. St. Ger
nua lake.
No extra charge for a big chunk OF
"25 for ice cream, if ordered of fIir=
"s~ Ice Delivered daily.
{. H. Philips of Wausau. NOV
ed here the first Of this week. We
understand that Mr. Phillips in
ads TO purchase Roy lannon's
o@o,r shop.
Fred MaIoy of Sayner, Philip
Faulkner Of Trout Lake and Joe
sue@d OF Lest Lake, were the
only J1rymen that were unnoti-
I,1 nut 10 attend court Monday,
AID they Spent Monday in town.
CLOTHES MAY NOT make
man, Out they undoubtedly help
4. make "A Impression. +. +.
@sEo.uy's clothes do not cost
any more than others, but they
~,'t"t-.y give you a prosperous
appearance.
Howard Lucas returned today
rem The Rhineiander hospital,
where he has been confined for
several weeks on account of an ac-
r~eAt received while at work at
'acNIey. His many friends are
s'eaSed TO see him in their midst
again,
supervisor Morrison has been
'S"Sy the past week overseeing the
leaning of the streets and alleys
@ound town, and everything looks
~sa, aud clean for the arrival or
,"s large number of summer visit
''S to our town.
NJ S. Fournier the popular sum
srsL resort man of Bu5fernut lake,
IFPsnt Wednesday i9 town. Mr..
5 ,JQTnler is buildlngh two and a
f f story cottage I36x28 with II
s ,To' porch aroundentire building;
ESQ ESQ one story cottage 1924.
- VI oass and trout fishing this IS
tie ideal spot.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1909-05-28

IgEAWi Wome s Way to Health
WE'VE 313 3rd St., Wausau, Wis.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1909-05-28

FOR SALE
White Plymouth Rock EGGS
For SetGing-$2.0O per Is eggs.
JOSEPH CROSS,
Ashland, Wis.
Gilpin observer., 1909-04-29
Black Hawk Death.

Thomas Moyle OF Black Hawk. son
of Mrs. Nicholas Moyle. died Friday
of heart trouble after an Illness of
two or three days. The funeral was
held Sunday afternoon under the d.
rection of the X. of P. lodge, Of
which deceased was a member. Ser
vices were held at the family resi-.
dence and were conducted by the
Rev. Mr.. Eitlegeorge. The funeral
was quite a large one.
Thomas Moyle was q years Of age.
He was born in Black Hawk and had
grown to manhood in that city. He
was a moulder by trade and worked
at McFarlane's foundry. Deceased
was well liked by all who knew him
and during his life's residence in
Gilpin county made many friends.
Gilpin observer., 1909-04-29
Interstate Fair.

Extensive and elaborate prepara-
tions have been under way since last
fall, for holding the second annual
Colorado Interstate Fair and Expo
sition. which will take place on the
permanent grounds of the institution
at Overland Park, Denver. the coming
September IL to IS, inclusive. Mr..
G. C. Fuller, the secretary Of the ex-
position, advises there will be liberal
prizes offered for exhibits of the pro-
duct of every industry, for the pur-
pose of encouraging their growth, de-
velopment and improvement, and
that the fair OF this year promises
to equal II not eclipse the most sue
ccssful of similar exhibitions held
throughout the middle and eastern
states. The premium list will be
ready for distribution the latter part
had by addressing Mr.. Fuller at Den
yer.
Exhibitions Of this character. where
ever held, reach and benefit every
avenue OF Industrial life. and are in
stitutions to be fostered and encour.
aged. That they are accomplishing a
great deal Of good in an educational
way. as well as interesting investors
In Colorado propositions. and attract.
ing immigration to the state. will be
appreciated by visit to any of
them; registry kept at one Of the
exhibits ut the Denver fair last year
showing visitors from every state in
the union, except six, and from near.
ly every foreign country.
Gilpin observer., 1909-04-29
Modern smeltino Co.

About the first of June another
smelter will be operating close to
this city. The plant of the Modern
Smelling and Refining company is
located at Utah Junction, with H. C..
Reno as the metallurgist in charge.
He has been examining the gold-cop-
per ores Of Boulder, Gilpin, Clear
Creek, Park, Lake and Summit coun-
ties, and, as result, ordered a 350-
ton matte smelter at the Colorado Iron
Works. The plant is now finished
and on the ground. Mineral carrying
above 5 per cent lead or zinc will
not be handled. The furnace is of
the hot-blast type, and the scheme is
largely automatic. The capital be-
hind the enterprise is from the east
and south. Western and North
ern Wyoming are expected to furnish
the bulk Of the ores.-Capt. Smith,
in Denver News.
Gilpin observer., 1909-04-29
Important Deal.

John s. Fragelius, Peter and John
Johnson and Charles Palmgreen this
week decided to the North Gilpin G..
NJ. company the following properties.
in Pine and Wisconsin districts: Dia-
mond Bill, Little Agnes, Luella D.,
Fayette, Diamond Bill from to 8
inclusive. Golden Star and Mckinley
lodes; also the Diamond Bill placer.
This deal is quite an important one
in view of the fact that the North
Gilpin company intends to commence
operations as soon as the weather
will permit.
Gilpin observer., 1909-04-29
CHAMBER OF
COMMERCE

A meeting of the board of direc-
tors Of the chamber of commerce was
held last Friday afternoon. The OBJ
ject of the meeting was to appoint
two committees to look into matters
OF vital concern to the county; also
to set date for the holding of the
annual meeting of the chamber. One
committee appointed is to investigate
the geological survey of the Central
City triangle. This work was COM
menced three or four years ago and
about one-third Of it was completed
when the work was stopped and since
that time nothing has been done. The
committee will communicate with the
government with the purpose in view
of having the work resumed and the
survey completed. Hal Sayre, H. P.
Lowe and r. L. Martin comprise the
committee.
The other committee consists of
r. l.. Martin, H. c.. Bolsinger and
Joel F. Vaile. This committee is to
investigate the water proposition be-
ing furthered by ]. c. Fleschhutz and
associates. The chamber of COM
merce is lending every assistance in
bringing water into the county, and
the committee appointed for this par
ticular purpose is a good one.
Thursday May 9Th, was the date
set for the holding Of the general
meeting of the organization. At
this meeting election of directors will
be held to fill the places of those
whose terms expire and those whose
offices have been declared vacant on
account Of non-attendance at meet
ings. The meeting will be held IL
the city hall and it is expected that
the attendance will be very large.
Gilpin observer., 1909-04-29
Death Of John CIymo.

Died-In Denver, Sunday evening,
April 25th, John Clymo, at the age
Of so years. The remains were
brought to this city this morning and
were taken to the Methodist church.
where services were held. Interment
in the City cemetery.
John Clymo was a brother of Mrs.
VIM. Bishop and Mrs. Arthur Liss.
and for number of years was a res.
ident Of this county. He was mem.
Der Of the Modern Woodmen. A
him.
Gilpin observer., 1909-04-29
Suffers Misfortune.

Suffering from fractures of both
wrists. badly discolored eye and
numerous bruises, Mrs. Annie Day,
40 years old, recent arrival in
Denver from Central City, was pick
ed up at o'clock this morning by
Patrolman Mcintyre, who found her
wandering aimlessly about in the
vicinity of Twenty-first and Larimer
streets.
Mrs. Day claims to have sustained
her injuries by falling down the stair
way in a rooming house at 1910
Arapahoe street, but the police are
not altogether satisfied with her
story. Pending an investigation
Charles B. Reed, who spent the
greater part of yesterday with Mrs
Day. is held in the city Jail. He was
arrested shortly after Mrs. Day was
picked up.
The woman's injuries were dressed
by Police Surgeon Ackley and she
Is being detained in the woman's hos
pital ward of the ail.-Wednesday' S
Denver Post.
(Mrs. Day was sent to Denver
from this city the fore part of the
year. She fell near the school house
and sustained a broken leg. When
taken to Denver she was placed in
the hospital.)
Gilpin observer., 1909-04-29
Surprlse Party.

Miss Minnie Welch was rendered
surprise at the home of her par
ents. Mr.. and Mrs. I. N. Welch, last
evening. The friends Of the young
lady spent the evening pleasantly in
playing various kinds Of games. Re-
freshments were enjoyed. Those in
attendance were:
Gladys Mallet. Lily Anderson. Hen
rietta Mathes, Viola Oliver, Kate
Comfort, Mildred Hepborn. Hazel
Stribley. Robt. Hearne, Geo. Mallet
Norman Davey. John Anderson. Wal.
ter Jenkins, Frances Keleher. John
McCallister.
Gilpin observer., 1909-04-29
Jury List.

Following is the list of jurors Sc.
lected to serve during the June term
of the district court, which convenes
on the 14th of the month:
Noah Mitchell, John Maddern, NJ.
a. Harris. j. F. Cheatley, Samuel
Walters, Thomas Chapple. N. Clan
sen. A. Henley, Peter Toller, Joseph
Ress. Samuel Whitman, John Cor
man. Frank Sparks, FRED Rowe, Wal
ter Sherer, Frank Pool, John Gillick-
son. w. G. Kriley. James McGinnis,
Charles Pheifer. Arthur Stronell. VIM.
Bray, c. Z. Phillips, Henry Boel-
lert, Nicolo Inama.
Gilpin observer., 1909-04-29
Card Of Thanks.

Through the columns of the OBJ
cere thanks to the many kind friends
and neighbors who assisted us during
the illness and death OF our beloved
husband and father. John Loughran
We appreciate the comforting words
extended and feel grateful for the
floral contributions.
Mrs. John Loug iran,
And Family.
Gilpin observer., 1909-04-29
Odd Fellows Celebrate Anniversary


Monday evening in their spacious
quarters, Rocky Mountain Lodge No
2. /. o. o. F., celebrated the Goth
anniversary of the founding of the
order. Close to 14O Odd Fellows, ,theil
families and guests were present. The
anniversary of the order is celebrat-
Ell OH the 26th of April of each year,
but this years affair outclassed all
previous ones in the point of attend
ance and general merriment.
Che program rendered was quite
lengthy and each number was deliv-
erod in a very pleasing and credit
able manner. After the program a
most delectable banquet was served.
Then the hall was cleared of tables
and chairs and dancing and other
forms of amusement were INDUCED
in until after l O'Clock. Following is
the program:
Opening Ode-I. o. o. F. Lodge.
Piano Solo-Miss Viola Oliver.
ADDRESS on ODD FellowShip-H.G G.
Shuck.
Vocal Solo-B. T. Moyle.
Recitation-Mrs. Sophia Sanderson.
Vocal Duet-Misses Bertha Rey-
nolds and Nellie Anger.
instrumental Duet-Miss Louisa
Gray and Mr.. Pearson.
Monologue-John G. Williams.
Vocal Solo-Mr. Hampton.
Piano Solo-Mrs. Inez Smith.
Vocal Solo-Miss Flossie Hoskin.
Piano Duet-Misses Louisa and
Fannie Gray.
Recitation-R. E. Ludwig.
Vocal Solo-Miss Mary Mcleod.
Closing Ode-Rebekah Lodge.
Gilpin observer., 1909-04-29

The special bearing the teachers
pupils and contestants to Idaho
Springs to participate III the Clear
Creek Valley Teachers association.
will leave this city at $3.50 tomorrow
(Friday) evening. The contestants
will return Immediately after the ses-
sion. Tickets for the round trip are
31.00.
Gilpin observer., 1909-04-29
Warming.
22d. l909.'

Notice Is hereby given that county
warrant No. 1851, drawn in favor of
Gilpin Independence mine, for $22.50.
has been lost by the rightful owner
thereof, and payment has been stop
ped on same.
Fritz j. Altvater,
County Clerk.
Gilpin observer., 1909-04-29
GAGGED, ROBBED
AND BEATEN

SosuAudy dl dDOuL IuluHlSuL un-
known parties went to the residence
Of Fred Warwick on Pine street, as
saulted him, ransacked the house and
stole a valuable diamond pin and
| $4,000 In money.
Mr.. Warwick was alone in the
house, his wife having gone to Dem
yer that morning. He had gone to
bed at II o'clock and about twelve
O'Clock heard the back door bell ring.
He got up to see who was there and
as he opened the door was pushed in
to the hall and two men who had
handkerchiefs over their faces poun-
ced upon him. He scuffled with his
assailants and was holding his own
until he was hit a heavy blow in
the back of the head. He was then
tied hands and feet, gagged and blind
folded. After they had their victim
securely bound one of the men ran
sacked the bed room in which Mr..
Warwick had been sleeping while the
man.
A valuable diamond stick pin val
ued at s125.00, a watch and chain
belonging to Mrs. Warwick and worth
upwards of $4,000, and s65.O0 in mon
ey were taken. The robbers asked
Mr.. Warwick about a diamond ring
1,a hod ~ rr-h oh Nv
wick had placed in the bank Friday.
One of the men remarked that he
had seen Mr.. Warwick with the ring
"Wednesday. The ring is worth close
to $4,000 and it is fortunate for Mr..
Warwick that he did not have it in
the house at the time or his losses
would have been greater.
After satisfying themselves that
they had procured all the jewelry
and money in the house the men
carried Mr.. Warwick from the hall
and threw him on a couch in the bed
room, placing a lot of bedding over
him. They then made their escape. Mr..
Warwick managed to roll off the
coucif onto the floor where after an
hours work he succeeded in freeing
himself from his bounds. The thieves
had used bed sheets in tying their
victims hands and feet.
AS soon as he was free Mr.. War
wick rushed down town and notified
Night Watch Gus Kruse and Marshal
George Launder. Two young fellows
in town whom Mr.. Warwick sus-
picioned, were taken into custody and
were searched. None of the stolen
property was found in their posses
sion. AS the assault was made in
the dark and as Mr.. Warwick was
blindfolded while the house was be-
ing robbed he could not positively
identify the two whom the officers
had taken in charge. They were
turned loose.
Mr.. Warwick feels quite certain
he knows who the perpetrators OF
the deed are but has no positive
2
made the two men did not talk very
much and what they did say was said
in undertones. One addressed the
other as Bill" and as they were
leaving one informed Mr.. Warwick
that he was Frank"
That the robbery was prearranged
and that it was committed by par
ties familiar with the house is most
evident. They knew that Mr.. War
wick's wife was away and that he
was in the house alone. 1t was a
very cowardly crime. When the mer
had Mr.. Warwick tied so that he
could, not resist them and could not
defend himself one of the men struck
him terrific blow in the face. Mr.
Warwick was badly beaten about the
face and the blow in the back of the
head left a large abrasion.
Gilpin observer., 1909-04-29
L. Parenteau CT P Cox
j. Reynolds RF E. Morris

Score by innings:
High Schools 5 1 2 O 0 0 3-14
Crackerjacks Il 30 3 0 0 0 o.
Prof. Herman of Boulder, was re-
cant school visitor. He was very
much interested In the weaving work
in the first grade and visited the
second grade to hear the little folks
give the flag salute tnd repeat the
flag poem. In the high school he
visited the various classes and ad-
dressed the students in assembly.
The penmanship contests between
grades and and between grade 6
against grades Z and for the month
of April. are drawing to a close. A
great deal of fine work will be dis
played on Thursday and Friday. The
blue ribbon for February was won by
room 5, consequently this months
contest is for the supremacy In writ
ing in these two rooms. The March
blue ribbon in the lower grade con-
test was won by room and the pu-
pills Of grade 4. room 3. hope to get
the April ribbon. Specimens OF the
writing of these grades will be on
exhibit in the reception room on
May IA.
Gilpin observer., 1909-04-29

James, young son Of Mr.. and Mrs.
Raymond Eccker Of Apex, died Tues
day Of convulsions. The funeral was
held Wednesday, interment In the
Catholic cemetery.
Gilpin observer., 1909-04-29

The office os Mrs. Fracis c. May.
hew. county superintendent of schools
will be closed on Saturday, May 1st,
on account Of the Clear Creek Valley
Teachers association held in Idaho
Springs.
Gilpin observer., 1909-04-29
Attention Rough a Ready Hook 4
L, Co, No. 1.

Regular monthly meeting will be
held at headquarters on Wednesday
evening. May 9th. 1909. at 8 o'clock
sharp. All members are requested
to attend. as business of importance
is to be transacted.
]. w. Sigi, sec'y.
VIM. e. Morris, Foreman.
Gilpin observer., 1909-04-29
Methodist Church Notes.

The Rev. John A. Davis, D. D.,
field agent for the Denver University
Chapel Fund, will be present and
speak next Sunday morning. 1t is
desired that large attendance shall
hear this address.
The Messenger Boys" were en-
tertained last Tuesday evening at
the home of Mrs. Harry Lake. A
good time is reported. Refreshments
were served before the evening clos
ed
Have you made your offering to
the church benevolences for this
year? Why not see the pastor i'm.
mediately. We must get this matter
out Of the way before June. Let
everyone make an offering.
The special revival services will
begin next Sunday evening. Let ev.
cry member and friend of the church
attend these services and aid the
pastor in this endeavor for righteous.
ness. We are not exclusive but in.
vite members of other churches to
come and assist in the meetings.
The following is the program OF
music for the Sunday services:
Morning.
Prelude, Allegretto in E flat Read
| Anthem, Te Deum in F Atkinsor
Offertory. Idylle --- - Gurlitt
Solo, The Voice TriumphantSt Stult.
Mrs. Ada Russell Davis
Postlude, March, William Tell
R0ssin
Gilpin observer., 1909-04-29

Read Tho oIlpIn Observer. s2.oo.
Gilpin observer., 1909-04-29

Read The oiIpin Observer, $500.
Gilpin observer., 1909-04-29

Evening.
Prelude Elevation in A flat -Guilmnat
Anthem, Gethsemane Palmer
Offertory, Slumber Song Booth
Postlude Swedish March Soedermann
E. G. Green l---- - --Organist
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1909-07-31
Red River Encourages Growing
of VetcheS.

When Red river overhowed I'D
1908 and covered the lands of the
planters, no one thought there
could be any bright side to the
situation. To the surprise of Mr..
Shultz, a well known planter of
Fulton, Ark, on 60-acre Bermn-
da grass meadow, there came up
this past spring a fine stand of
vetch, seeded there by the overflow
aud probably brought from New
Mexico. From this meadow Mr..
Shultz cut 1000 fine bales of hay
and will also get fine yield OF
Bermuda. The river gave fine
illustration of the value OF growing
vetches in the valley. From this
example, set by Red, a number OF
farmers in this section have decid-
ed upon planting vetches. Farm
and Ranch.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1909-07-31
The Sixteenth Amendment.

By the action of the House of Rep
resentutives yesterday the sixteenth
amendment to the Federal Constitu-
ton, authorizing Congress to levy
and collect an income tax, will now
be submitted to the Legislatures of
the several States for ratification.
Twelve States can defeat it; the as
sent of thirty-five is necessary to give
it force. In submitting the amend
nent to the Legislatures instead of
State conventions Congress made it
easier to defeat, as bare majority
of the Senate in twelve States eau
overcome the unanimous vote Of
thirty-four Legislatures, and State
Senates are easier to control than
State conventions.
The issue is one that will sOrely
test the good faith of the Republican
party. for this amendment cannot
be defeated without the votes of
States whose Republican Senators
and Representatives inCongress vot-
ed for the resolution. Having
brought forth the amendment as "A
| means of killing the income tax
| amendment to the Aldrich- Payne bill,
the responsibility for its ultimate
fate cannot be wholly shifted to the
States. 1t is now Republican
measure, indorsed by IA Republican
President and Republican Congress.
Its fate rests with Republican States
most servile to their party organiza-
ton and most likely to oppose any
1 measure to tax incomes.-New York
World, July 14th.