davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1909-10-13

GENTLY powerful to send ineligible elec-
trio waves strong enough to cause per-
eeptible currents In receiving instruments
miles away. Later Improvements IN the
coherer. increases in the power OF the cur
rents, extending the heights of the poles
from which the currents are sent out and
more delicate receiving instruments in
creased the distance. until now PARKWAY
Yippon has sent japanese code signals
that have been recorded by government
wireless receiving Instruments on the
Pacific coast of the United States.
Simple wireless Science.
But to tell In simple untechnical Ian
guage the real scientific principles of
wireless telegraphy is not so easy. First
of all it must be understood that the
waves going out from the operator Of
wireless dispatch office are sent by means
Of a powerful electric dynamo along
wires strung up to the very tip-top OF a
lofty mast. This mast is always placed
on the highest point that can be reached
in the city or locality where the appa-
ratus is to be placed
The receiving office is similarly
equipped. Thus the electric waves run
up from one operators desk TO the top
Of his wireless mast and go through the
air until they reach the wire points on
the receiving mast. Here they run down
to the ticker which sounds IN the ear of
the receiving operator. The sounds
made are exactly the same as those used
in telegraphing with wires--namely. the
Morse code of dots and dashes.
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1909-10-13
RECORD OF AERIAL FLIGHTS
GREAT PROGRESS FROM DAYS OF
ADER'S STEAM DRIVEN MONOPL ANE

aviation, the following table, showing
the gradual progress of record flights
subdivided into the monoplane and BIZ
plane, will tell an instructive story oil
the efforts made to remain in the all
with heavier-than-air machines. In
his list such records are only noted
which exceeded the previous best rec.
ord, except that Ader's flights are re,
corded for the purpose of comparison
with the Enthusiastically authentic per,
formances beginning in 1906. The
records, exclusive of the past weeks
performances at Rheims, are
Monoplane.
Alder, so meters, October 9, 1890.
Alder, 100 meters, September, 1891
Alder, -, October II. 1897.
Alder, 800 meters, October IA, 1897
Viria, 5 meters, October G, 1906.
Bleriot, TO 10 meters. April 5, 1907
Bleriot, 25 to 30 meters, July II,
1907.
Viria, 60 meters, July II, 1907.
Bleriot. 125 meters, July %, 1907.
Bleriot, 1856 meters, September II,
1907.
Bieriot, 200 meters. December 4,
1907.
Blerio-, 400 to 500 meters, December
6. 1907.
Bleriot, 500 to 900 meters, December
6, 1907.
EsnaultPelterier, 1900 meters, June
s, 1908.
Bleriot, 1900 meters. July 2, 1908.
>Bleriot, 0.2045 July 8, 1908.
BIer!ot, 0.02.45, July 3. 1908.
Bleriot, 0o5.47, July 4, 1908.
Bleriot, o.o7.0o, July 4, 1908
Bleriot, 0.0S.45, July 6, 1903.
Bleriot, 011.00, October 81, 1908.
Demarest, 0.13.23, April 80, 1909.
Latham, 0.37.37. May %, 1909
Latham, 1927, June 5, 1909.
*Nearly 5000 meters.
Bipiane.
Wright brothers. O.0o12, December
70, 1868.
Wright brothers, O.oO.3O. December
IL, 1903.
Wright brothers, 0.O0.59 CTS yards.j
December II, 1903.
Wright brothers, quarter OF mile,
August, 1904.
Wright brothers, first turn, Septem-
Der Is. 1904.
Wright brothers, first circle, Sep
TENDER 20. 1904.
Wright brothers, to IS minutes,
August-Septenber, 1905.
Wright brothers, o.18.09, September
&c, 1905.
Wright brothers, 0.1e.55. September
20, 1905.
Wright brothers, 0.25.o5. october 3,
1905.
Wright brothers, O.3917. October =,
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1909-10-13

So many long distance flights have
already been made and so many old
records have been shattered that the
present year is destined to rank in
aeronautic annals as a great record
breaking year in addition to exempt
flying remarkable progress in the SCI
ence of flying. Not until this year
has the monoplane attained position
at all commensurate with the notable
flights of the hiplanes, says the New
York Times With Bleriot's success
full fight across the English channel,
and Latham's long distance flight OF
one hour, minutes and 81 seconds
the monoplane has become a very
serious rival, not only in speed but
also in endurance of the biplane.
In noting the progress of the rec
ord for both of these types of heavier
than air machines several interesting
features appear. In the first place
the monoplane was the first type Of
the first investigators, or rather the
first, the Frenchman Alder. whose
flight of so meters (163 feet in 1890
is now generally accepted as anthem
tic Alder worked painfully at his bat
winged steam driven monoplane for
seven years, making at that time but
four flights and then nothing more
was heard of monoplanes until 1906.
Meanwhile the Wright brothers were
working quietly but successfully on
their biplane and their secret flights
between 1903 ana 1905, although more
or doubted until their pronounced
public triumphs last vea~, are now ac-
cepted without question. 1t is also
interesting to note that the Wrights
early fight have been the means of re
suscitating the almost forgotten efforts
of Alder. Indeed, the latter were
only actually recognized last year
after the Wrights had proved that
they had flown before Santas-Dumont.
thus robbing France of the honor OF
having seen the first mechanical
flight
To restore this honor to France,
Aders performances were investigat-
ed and fairly well authenticated. 1t
is now generally accepted that Alder
was the first man to be lifted on
the ground, on October 8, 1890, by
mechanically propelled heavier-than-
air machine. He had neither vertical,
horizontal nor lateral control of his
machine and thus can hardly rob the
Wrights Of the honor of being the
first men who really few. Ader's first
machine was called the Eole, and with
it he made two flights at Chateau
d'Armainvilliers. In 1897 he built the
Avion, still preserved, in Paris, and
again he made two flights, the last
one Of 200 meters 1884 feet.
Taking the early flights Of Alder as
the beginning Of the record series in
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1909-10-13

means tHterrupter Of the current ipto
regular wave lengths to produ' dots and
dashes, the iron filings had to be loosened
up and shaken back into their original
disorder between each signal This was
done by tapping the little glass tube in
which they were kept with p little ham
mer that worked all the time in auto
matte connection with the sending instrn-
ment
Photos show Features.
The photographs accompanying this ar
tiele show the principle spectacular fea'
lures Of wireless in marked way. The
photo of the machinery room pictures
the development Of tremendous electric
voltage which Is needed to force the wire
less waves across the Atlantic Ocean.
From two points In this powerful dynamo
there fiashes out q greenish light 80 ex-
traordinnrlly intense that 30 human be-
ing can work In the same room with II
without using speetaeles made of black
glass to protect the eyes.
Another photograph shows an operator
receiving wireless messages across the
Atlantic over telephone connection. In
this case the faint dots and dashes sent
across the ocean are run through an
intensifying or maenifying apparatus and
then sent through the telephone to the re.
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1909-10-13

ceiving operator IN this way many mes
sages a.e head that without the in
proved apparatus would be too weak for
the operator to understand
The huge wireless mist shown Is cx.
actly like the record breaking enc panned
by the United states government. but Is
not quite SO tall The esaat mast has,
as il shawn Ia the photo, various sup
ports To ENABLE wogaGcH to reach It's
top for any needed repairs
Many Recent measurements.
since the historic first detee OF was Ia
vented number have been perfected
that Of themselves 20 back to the origt
nal condition aud do NOT hive to be
tapped an the time like the front lius
eoherer or breaker M Of the electric cur
rent into dots aud dashes. according as
the sender manipulates his telegraph Key
The Italian Navy uses ane Of nercngy
Mareoni has now superhly perfected
magnetic coherer The ne Forest sys,
ten employs an electrolytie detector, the
Fessenden system has heat" deteesor
and In the English Navy they employ au
oil. detector
The whole plan Is that these deteetors
like the original coherer Of Ma'coni are
put Into the electric current or wave as
the key is pressed down aud they vary
the amount OF current sent out. To make
an unscientitic hat striking comparison,
they make the rtrrCat thicker or thlHner
and 30 make 1t different while the KEY Is
pushed down. This difference, according
10 length OF time, means d0i or a dash.
The dots DT dashes mean letters aud the
1af mn a
So much for the aienee Of the wireless.
Like all big ipvel tions and discoveries
when brought dowb to practical work It
is very simple, but It took $4,000 years
OF evolution before thr FIRST man achieved
this simple feat. Now every government
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1909-10-13

principal lecturer on Psychological medl
cine In the noted st. Bartholomew Hos
pital IN London, II Is stated that physi
clans frequently come IN contact with
the human tigers 10 more or less
stage OF development che scientist sug
gested that the state could prevent many
murders and lesser crimes 10 which VIC
lence Is used II physicians we're author
lied TO report TO the health authorities
...Sit embryonic cases of haemothymia
as they maS discover, The scientist sug.
gegts that such creatures should be sent
to institutions whore they could be both
cared for aud restrained.
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1909-10-13

White shoes are so universally worn
In summer that rules TO preserve them
and keep them in condition win sure
~ be interesting and beneficial.
In the first place, trees or their
equivalent are necessary. IL shoes are
to be cleaned properly. or, in fact,
kept in shape.
Some persons substitute tissue pa
per for the wooden trees. while others
fiji the foot of a stocking with sand
and work 1t into the shoe. Any con.
triVance will answer that keeps the
boot firm, SO shrinkage during clean
ing is prevented.
Foot coverings of heavy cotton, be.
ing more constantly worn, are apt to
become more soiled than those for
dress wear, and frequently mud gath.
ers between sole and upper.
This, OF course, must be removed
before the polishing takes place, for
to cover mud spots with the white
liquid is not only slovealy, but insight
by, says Elizabeth Lee in the New
York Evening Telegram. TO remove
mud that has entered the crevices, a
knife viii bee necessary, but spIashes
and spots on the uDpers can be taken
ont with stiff whisk broom.
Cleaning Heels.
Heels may be scraped, and If still
soiled, ns4y be washed off. The up
peers, however, must not be washed
There are number Of good liquid
whiteners ON the market read fJr
use which may be applied after the
mud Is removed, but d dressing which
may be made at home las for it's In
gradients one and one-half ounces Of
glue or gum arabic dissolved In 40
ounces Of water. Then one ounce of
vinegar and 20 ounces Of powdered
chalk should be added Before using
the contents the bottle should be
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1909-10-13

to cover the losses annually caused
by the diseases of plants and the var
ious troubles of farm crops, accord
ing to Mr. orion. He says the losses
from the cereal rusts and from the
numerous minor troubles of farm
crops. concerning which accurate data
are difficult to secure, amount 70
hundreds OF millions of dollars them
selves. He estimates the loss from
smut in oats at over $G,500,000; from
smut in wheat, s14.000,000; from bar
ley smut, 100000. and he says the
combined effects of the several kinds
of leaf blight in the potato is
minish the yield of this crop over
$36 100000 a year Vast as is the
direct loss from plant diseases, tbs
indirect losses are also great Tho
expense of treating plant diseases Is
very large.
Of still greater consequence is tue
indirect loss resulting from The fimi
tation of industries. The risk from
disease frequently operates to reduce
the production of an otherwise yailt
able crop and indeed in many cases
industries have been abandoned on
this account. The history Of the grape
industry IN America affords several
Illustrations Of this. According to Mr..
orion there has been of late a marx
ed increase in public appreciation oI
tie Importance Of improving crops
so as to enable them 70 ward off Dis.
ease. New methods have come into
use and valuable results have al
ready haen occurred. He predicts that
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1909-10-13

1905.
Wright brot h.rs, o.3s.O3. October 5.
1905.
o. Wright, 0.5731, Fort Myer, Sep
TENDER 8. 1908
0. Wright I0215, Fort Myer, Sep
TENDER 8. 1908.
O. Wright, 1.05.52. Fort Myer, Sep
TENDER 10. 1908.
O. Wright, 1.1O24, Fort Myer, Sep
TENDER II, 1908.
o. Wright, 1.1420, Fort Myer, Sep
tember Il, 1908.
w. Wright, 1.3125 As, France, Sep
TENDER 81, 1908.
w. Wright 1.5453 2-5, France. ne
cember Is. 1908.
W. Wright, 2.2023 Is, France, De
cember 81. 1908.
sommer, 2.27.15, France. August Z,
1909.
The Wright brothers first three re-
corded flights were made at Kill Devil
hill, near Manteo, N. c., and the
others. up to the Fort Myer flight o.
September So. 1908, were made on
their home grounds, near Dayton, q.
A prize of $4,000 has been offered
for flight in heavier-than-air fly
ing machine from Liverpool to Man
chester. The event is international,
and will hold good for six months.
Flights can be made at any time be-
tween sunrise and sunset, but II
hours notice must be given to the
Liverpool Daily Post who is in
charge of the competition. The ava
tor must start from within the bound
AIRY Of Liverpool and land without any
interme date stoppage within the
boundary of Manchester.
A prize of $4,000 has been offered
for thf first aviator who makes an
hours flight between the Kursaal and
the Estacade at Ogtend The dis
lance between these TWO places Is
about 500 meters, and the event is
being organized By the Belgian aero
club.
Captain Ferber. French ae:onaut,
won the military aviation prize which
was offered for flight of one kilo-
meter. Ferber used machine of his
own invention, and far exceeded the
requirements by making a flight OF
FIVE kilometers.
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1909-10-13
Animals are Poor Sailors.

The polar bear IS the only wild ami
NAL that likes trip on the water ae-
cordlng to a French scientist. who
has studied its behavior at sea. He is
quite jolly when aboard ship, but ali
other animals violently res ut such a
voyage and vociferously give vent to
their feelings until seasickness brings
silence.
The tiger suffers most of all. He
whines pitifully, his eyes water COW
tinually, and he rubs his stomach with
his terrible paws. Horses are bad sail
ors and often die on a sea voyage.
Oxen are heroic In their attempts
not to give way to sickness. Elephants
do not like the sea, but they are
amenable to medical treatment. A
good remedy is bucketful OF hot wa
ter containing three and onehalf pints
of whiskey and seven ounces of
quinine.--Fur News.
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1909-10-13

much more plant breeding win be
done in the future. He says the pro
ductiyeness OF all crops must be in.
creased and their quality improved
Yield and quality are naturally the
first considerations but attention may
profitabIy be paid In every case "a
reducing injury from disease. Mr.
0rton thinks II important that funda
mental study be made OF dis
ease resistance. He says too rttlt
Information is available In the whole
field Of breeding and the need fo1
Investigation Is great Problems OF
heredity ana OF pathology must be
s;udied
The greater number of plant dis
eases are due to parasitic plants
usually fungi or bacteria, which llve
u or on and at the expense OF tie
crop. The study OF the subject OF
parasites IS highly complicated
one Climate and soil have much t.
do. Of course. with disease resistance.
One Of the most interesting phases
# tie problem relates to the inner
itance of disease resistance The de
gree to which disease resistance H.
inherited naturally a mat er Of
fundamental importance TO the plant
breeder Everything indicates that
disease resistance is inherited By
plants The department of agricul
ture is going steadily ahead In tho
work Of overcoming and avoiding
plant diseases. A method of spray
ing trees has been devised which Of
fectively prevents the bitter rot Of
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1909-10-13
WLre(99~ ar AacS1 1ag ~

The coherer is the invention Of Mar
conf that makes it possible TO divide the
electric waves spouting out from the
sending machine into regular dots and
dashes so that these dots and dashes
can tell an intelligent message to the
receiving operator The original coherer
was based on the well-known fact that
metal filings have high resisting power
to an ordinary current of electricity, but
win line up Ike soldiers, shoulder to
shoulder, and condrct the electric power
of an oscillatory current. e. cur
rent that GIBBS and flows like big wave
on the ocean.
Thus the operator shuts down his key
or tapping machine like In ordinary tele-
graphing. This sends the oscillatory cleo
trio wave through the coherer-that is,
through the iron filings. Then be lifts
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1909-10-13
0aGeLHZnS N,L<slS5p
Z2G26o19

TT Bot eight hrl-f years ago a
- youthful and enthusiastic italian
IA scientist announced to an ineredu-
y Gus and jeering public that be
knew how to send telegraph dis
patches without the use of wire. This
was GuglielmO Marconi and at that time,
January, 1901, the young italian had ac-
tualiy succeeded with a primitive wire
less appliance in sending practical tele-
grams over a distance of several miles.
Since that date half a dozen systems of
wireless telegraphy have been patented,
and today each important nation has its
own methods and manufactures its own
special apparatus. 1t is only fair to
state that the system of Marconi is the
one most in use and the one which fur
nishes the marvellous trans oceanic wire
less dispatch service now used by the
newspaper world, as well as the principal
service for wireless dispatching of prt-
vate messages across the Atlantic.
Wireless has lost some of its first
bloom OF novelty and mystery. Still,
countless thousands are ignorant of its
basic principles and most people are still
uncertain as to the character and appear
ance of the ordinary apparatus employed
al sSAhiuE TIE WAtiSSS lueSdSSS uuElAtHE
on unseen electric waves through the
atmosphere, SIS oceans and continents.
Whiie Marc nj deserves all the credit
due the persistent and brainy inventor of
the frsr practical wireless scheme. accu-
racy demands that the bald fact be
stated that several systems Of wireless
communication were In use previous to
his accomplishment In the first month Of
1901. None OF them were of much prae-
teal value, but a. depended on the same
scientific principle that a live wire
charged heavily with electricity can COM
municate this currens very feebly to
another wire.
But the frequency of the electric pull
sations in these so-called Indicted cur
rents was small. averaging from 80 to 40
the second. Marconi first used a tremen-
dous current running up TO pulsations of
inconceiyable rapidity, way up in the
millions per second. He also first intro
duced the coherer hereafter to oe de-
scribed
1t was the use of tremendous currents
coupled with the employment of the CO.
aerer that made Marceni's system sun
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1909-10-13

apples. This disease has caused in
enc year loss Of over $1,000
A simple and effective method of pre-.
venting peacbleaf curl has been dis.
covered which already save hundreds
Of thousands Of dollars annually. rre
peach-twig blight in California which
has caused great loss has been con
trolled The nature and method Of
control of a disease known as the
little peach" which Threatened to
des roy the peach industry OF Michi-
gan and western New York have
been discovered A method OF con.
trolling the pear blight, which has
destroyed the best varieties of pears
in many parts of the country, inciud
ing 100000 Of orchards in Cali
fornia, has been discovered.
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1909-10-13

is spending huge sums in bringing the
wireless te perfection.
4. :. Plans Record HiGh Mnst.
The United States government. not to
be hehiud ether nations Ia wireless con
strGctien bas aaG specifications drawn up
Ter the latest wireless mast iu all the
world not excepting that nj Clnden.
ireland. where She Marcoui Company
sends on its messages across the Allan
tic TO this country. Great dGIcGlty has
already teen experienced In secnsiBs
proper site for this lofty wireless lalS'.
At first 4 was 10 have been ,oeated
IN Washington. nut the civic authorizes
protest d, Claiming Il would iuiure the
beauty OF the city. Then IL was de.
| ri0ed 20 sci the mast up In Annapolis,
hut this also It's heeu determined
against as II Tqs found thar the site
was not advantageous for the transmits
sior Of messages
The nat'oeal government viii have to
/ decide exactly wEero the most advantages
eaE he se,a,~vd IRON ii scientific Gtand-
poilt ans wht,s ,hc;e Is no local office
ton II is pjatned to have the worlds
record wireless RHtst near Washington.
as it Is deStrd 10 utilize it III the work
OF the ealher Bureau
IhF lps wish TO ohialn
" only from land eta
tie9s 4Hny vessels far out
~ Innovation the scieu-
TIL" fore weather. conditions he
! iieve waul0 enable them To lie fnr more
accurate III giving forecasts Of approach
/ ing storms over the ocean. aud would
I enable them 10 warn ships about to
/ leave Atlantic ports of danger fas better
/ than eau be doue uuder the present cor
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1909-10-13

up his key and the current stops It
depends on how long he holds down the
key whether it makes a long or short
wave. and this breaks the electric wave
up into dots and dashes which, IN the
Morse code, represents letters 10 the
alphabet.
That is wireless telegraphy in its
simplest sense aud as Marconi first put
ii before the scientific world. II re-
sembles the improved wireless methods
of today just as the early steamboat OF
Robert Fulton ON the Hudson resembles
the giant steamers that now race across
the Atlantic Ocean in less than 1--WE days.
But 1t Is real wireless teegraphy, and
since then there have been many and
most useful Improvements, but no new
scientific discoveries as regards W gless.
In the original coherer, which really
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1909-10-13
Anayzinq Mrderers of Lust for Blood

n BIQUIToUS science has now com
mepced to anRlyze even the obscure
W emotions which prompt the most
awful murders which che history of
criminal law can produce. Moreover, the
men who have begun to study just what
has given rise to such human hends as
Jack the Ripper" are scientists whose
names and titles are renowned the world
over as men of great scientific aeumen
and achievement
Prof T. Claye-Shaw, NJ D., F. R. c.
P, recently read before the Medico-Legal
Society of London an article dealing
with the motives and origin of "haemo-
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1909-10-13

development Of q peculiar feeling toward
the sight Of blood which is Inherent In
every human being, only In a much
slighter and very modified degree The
state of mind which actually produces
murderers is described as mingled with
a real lust for blood, and In modern
Jack the Rippers" as mixed also with
an abnormal desire for horrible notoriety.
He declares that such creatures are not
cruel for the sake Of hunting their vic
tins, but strive simply to make blood
flow In order to feast their eyes with the
scarlet coioring.
In fact, the whole idea as suggested
by Professor Claye-Shaw is that such