davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
ONE OF IoWA's FINEST BAR.
GAINS IN LAND.

No. A.
400 acres of land, 1874 acres in
cultivation. and balance is timber
and pasture, has a good house, with
six rooms, barn SO IT X "A #, gran
airy IA it X 20 it., corn crib and
machine shed rs it X 30 it. and
many other out buildings all in good
repair, has two wells and a living
spring, and this farm is all fenced
and cross fenced and lies miles
from town, and one and one half to
a church and one mileto school, and
can be bought for $1,000 per acre.
This land is cheap at $50. per acre.
but this man is bound to sell on
account of his health, have many
other bargains arranging from AZ
acres to IT'S acres and ARRANGING IN
price from $4,000 to $1,000 per acre,
Write for any sise farm YOU would
want and ] will send you same,
! also have SO barrel water pow
or grist mill all in the best OF re-
pair, will trade tor good farm, or
sell for cash, this mill belongs to
widow woman whose husband has
just died and she is unable to run
it, and does not care to rent it.
The mill can be had for $4,000. and
this is less than half what the mill
is worth. Enquire of
G. ]. WAGNER,
Lansing, Iowa.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
The Turks WONG erment.

Writing on the battle of NavarinO. a
contributor to the Cornliill Magazine
tells this striking little story.
I'm the morning the surface of the
bay was covered with floating spars to
which many poor wretches were cling
ing. calling for help in different
tongues, Among them We're many
Greek prisoners still with manacles
upon their limbs. An English lieuten-
mt who was putting ashore a Turkish
official was anxious to save some ex-
hausted men who We're clutchlng a
scorched mast. We must rescue
4 themv he exclaimed hotly.
"'Bahr answered the Turk. They
are only common soldiers and will soon
dfap Then he laughed.
"tGood heavens! exclaimed the Eng
/, lishman angrily. What is there to
hugh at?'
Laugh! said the Turk. BY Allah,
you English are a singular people!
Yesterday you came into the bay Willie
we were quietly at our coffee. You
knocked our ships to pieces, killed or
mApgled all our men till the fleet is one
vast slaughter house. and this morning
you pretend to be 30 humane that you
cannot pass score of wounded sol
diers without putting yourself out of
your way to save themp"
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
THIRTY DEAD IN
FLORIDA STORM
Key West Turned Into Mass Of
Wreckage; 100000 Lost.
MARTIAL Law is PROCLAIMED

Federal Government Asked to Send
Troops to Police the Devastated Sec
tion-choas Rcians on Every Hand
and Few Remain In Their Homes,
Hundreds of Which Have Either
Been Wrecked Totally or Rendered
Uninhab.tahIe.
Key West, Fla, Oct. 12.-As result
of the hurricane which struck the
southern coast of Florida, Key West is
mass of wreckagc.
1t is reported that thirty have been
killed and the damage to property is
estimated at S2,O00,OOO.
Martial law was proclaimed by the
mayor and the Key West guards arc
patroling tho city.
The United States government has
been asked to send troops here without
delay to assist In policing the storm.
swept area.
Chaos rcisns on every hand and few
remain in their homes. hundreds of
which either have been totally wreck.
ed or made uninhabitable.
The maximum wind velocity was
seventy-siH miles an hour and thirteen
inches OF rain fell within a few hours.
The wireless station was among thu,
buildings blown down.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
PRISONER TAKEN TO
BANK STEALS $1,000
Youth Shoots Policeman Who
Tries to Arrest Him.

Lawrence, Kan, Oct. 12-Armcd
citizens are searching for Earl Bullock.
an eighteen-year-old desperate. who
looted the State bank at Eudora. and
perhaps fatally wounded Policeman
Wilson Pringle.
Bullock was arrested by Deputy
Sheriff e. Woods on charge of rob.
bling a store. Desiring to talk with
Cashier e. f. Wilson, the deputy tool;
the boy to the bank
While Woods and Wilson were talk
ing Bullock drew two revolvers ard
ordered them to throw up their hands
Then he marched them into vault
and locked The door He took 81 900
and fed. Prinsle traced the boy to his
mothers home. The policeman wa:;
shot when trying to arrest young Bull
lock
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
SERMON REFORMS A WOMAN
Says She Doesn'. Know What Caused
Her to Walk Into Church.


Her to Walk Into Church.
Utica. N. v, Oct. l2.-At the conclu
sion of a sermon by Rev. Henry c..
Cooper on the subject, (which? Bust.
ness OF Bottles? Home or HELP" a
young woman handed the preacher y
note and quickly disappeared. The
note read:
81 thank you for your sermon. | dc
not know what made me enter your
church as am the proprietor of re
sort in Detroit. I cannot go back again
/ don't I;now what will become of me.
Please warn young girls that such q
life as i have been leading really is
only death | shall end my life, as |.
have nothing to live for and have
gone too far to be saved. have a
lovely mother who thinks I am dead
and it would be better If it were so.''
The minister notified the police, who
found the woman roaming the streets.
She was turned over to family and
later she will be sent to her mothers
home. She gives the name of Mrs.
Florence Hunter and says she left DE.
troit a few days ago. She is we'll sup.
piled with money.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
Hamilton. o.. Oct. PA light snow,
the first Of the season. fell here.
curzon and pavitt.

Once in the house of commons. when
George CurZon was making some de-
Tense us to alleged harsh treatment by
Turks of Cretan prisoners, he was in
terrupted by query from Mr. Davitr.
Were these prisoners handcuffed%
Quick as lightning came TIL. reply.
Eyes, and some honorable gentlemen
ought to be no strangers to handouts"
This was of course the signal for vio-
lent parliamentary tempest. A day or
two after Mr.. Curzon went up to Swift
MacNeill and expressed his sorrow ut
having used the expression and his de-
sire to apologize for it in the most
public manner why" he said, 81
thought the interruption came from
you and that you, of course, would
not mind. l was Mortified when l dis
covered that 1t was Davitt who had
made the remark OF course would
not be capable Of joking on the sub
ject of Imprisonment and handouts
with Il man who had endured nine long
years Of penal servitude."-Lo
Globe
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13


IN the series. Detroll showed III Tue
maj innings OF Tue pattle tlat II Is lar
from hopelessly beaten team
Ram iell frequently during inc nine
innings. Despite the @eather the at
tendance ls'2'" Droke an iocai
RECORDS 1or me Worlas SERIES
fi.tsnurs jumped lnto ieaa !uichls
ny scoring I'VE runs IN the llrst uinlhs'
iheN patted summers out OF the poS.
announcer run IN the second inning gave
fi.tspufs leao OF 10 y. Detro't
came 10 the lore Win one Oh the sal''
est raiiies ever maze ana scored louf
runs IN the seventn inning, pattlha
MADDOX hard ana PLAYING IKE nends'
WIN the score to 4, Plttspurg con-
nected win some OF WORKS curves IN
the ninth Tor two runs. with the score
TO against IT, the i)etrolt team even
theh aid not reaiiAe II was eeaten anu
smashed OUT TWO more runs IN the last
inning
Detroit outpa.teo rlttspere oy
margin OF one MT, settihg t"elVc 10
'he winners eleven.
Wlllett succeeded Summers IN the
nrst inning and did wen until ne was
taken out 70 allow MCINTYRE TO pat FOR
him in the seventh. Mcintyre struck
OUT.
MaauoA was ny, naio III .he c'oa,as
innings although Detroit couid 40 noth=
ing win nm IN tpe early sessions.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13

Rome. Oct. 1.-THE labor unions. the
Democratic and Socialistic parties and
the anarchists have called meeting;
for tomorrow to protest against the
military trial in Barcelona of Professor
Ferrer. the anarchist leader. The meet
ing has been prohibited by the police.
who threaten TO prevent it at any cost.
A general strike has been proclaimed
throughout Rome, The movement in
cludes all the tramway and cab lines
The police have been given orders to
prevent disturbances. Troops will sur
round the Vatican. The entire garrison
of Rome has been mobilized and the
cavalry horses have been gnshod to en-
able them to charge on the paved
streets.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13

c. R. Kluger, the Jeweler, 1860 Wir-
ginia Ave-, indianapolis Ind. writes:
81 was SO weak from kidney trouble
that could hardly walk hundred
feet. Four bottles of Foley's Kidney
Remedy cleared my complexion cured
my backache and the irregularities
disappeared and l can now attend to
business every day, and recommend
Foley's Kidney Remedy to all suffer.
ers. as it cured me after the doctors
and other remedies had failed"
For sale by Anders & Philips.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13

Kimball's Dairy Farmer is National
each month. on fine book paper, is ably
edited, handsomely illustrated and is re-
cognized authority on dairy farming.
Kimball's Dairy Farmer now has a paid
in advance circulation of more than 49,
600. Regardless of how many other pa
pers he may be taking, this little magazine
is worth many times its price to the man
that nlilks cows.
Kimball's Dairy Farmer is the only
dairy paper in Iowa. 1t not only covers
its own state and the great dairy work
now in progress there, but it deals with
dairying everywhere,
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13

To the Editor: 1 think Kimball'. Dairy
Farmer is the best paper in the United States
on the dairy subject-J. B. Scheller, Iowa.
To the Editor: Your paper has set me to
thinking about some dairy subjects that mean
greatest success in the world, remain, r. R.
Higgins, Presque Isle. Maine.
To the Editor: I enjoy reading Kimball's
Dairy Farmer from cover to cover. It is
some good i'll general farming, spiritual good
and higher morals.-Mark c. Curdy, Mich.
To the Editor: Will say in regard to my
subscription which expired Jan. 1, 1908, want
to have it sent to me right along as I don't
is the best farm and cow paper that I have
ever read-A. B. Kustabother, Iowa.
To the Editor: You will find enclosed soc
for which please extend my subscription. KIM
balls Dairy Farmer is the only paper that
lieve. The reason it suits is that we make our
living from cows and it is good text book.
is the kind that you give us points on: there
fore your paper fills the bill.-A. A. Duncan,
Ind
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
600
M
hons to
100000 FOR A COW

That is the handsome price recently paid
by an Iowa man, Hon. G. Nay, of Sioux
County, for dairy cow. This COW is now
entered in the great Iowa State Cow Con-
test. Other Iowa men are getting the
best dairy cattle that money will buy.
This big state contest, in which nearly
$4,000 in prizes are being given, has en-
tries from nearly every county. inSthe state,
and is creating more interest than any,
thing THAT has ever occurred aMBng the
farmers of Iowa and the Central Invest.
The work of this contest is being done
from the office. of Kimball's Dairy SFarn,-
er, Waterloo, Iowa.
Prof. H, G. VanPelt, head of dairyinc
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
BALLOT FRAUD INDICTMENTS

Jury Acts on Hearst Charge Tammany
Stole independence League.
New York Oct l2.- Nine men
charged with stealing" William r..
lIearst's Independence league for Tam
many at the September primaries have
been indicted.
Four arrests have been made. the
prisoners being men who served as in
spectors in district where a Tam.
many captain was elected an hide
pendence league leader.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13

Ames, has been appointed as State Dairy
Expert and has charge of the state educa-
tional dairy work under the supervision of
the Iowa State Dairy Association.
Prof. VanPelt has moved to Waterloo
and has headquarters in the office of Kim
balls Dairy Farmer.
Reports of all this great work are COW
cred fully by Kimball's Dairy Farmer.
pictures of the winning COWS are given.
The contest is now in full running and
will continue until August Is, 1910.
Kimball's Dairy Farmer gives SIS each
month to the cow making the best record
for the month
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
LEGS IN DRESS SUIT CASE

Discovery Leads to Belief That Woman
Was SIayer's Victim.
Tiverton, R. l., Oct. 12.-The finding
of the severed legs of woman in a
dress suit case brought to light what
the authorities are convinced is case
of murder.
A search for other parts of the body
is being made. Bulgermarsh road. OH
which the suit case was found. runs
from Newport to New Bedford. The
legs were wrapped In a New Bedford
paper bearing Sundays date.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
TOO POOR TO RETAIN ToGA

Senator Flint of California Says He
Can't Afford Reelection.
Los Angeles, Oct. Ex-senator Flint
says that when his present term Of
service expires in 1911 he will not be a
candidate for reelection,
If were rich man." he declares.
I would like nothing better than ia
remain in the senate all my life. But
i feel owe 1t to my family to get on;
of politics. can retire now from the
senate and pick up good living, but II
waited until the end of another tenn
would probably he too old"
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
THREE CHlNAMEN EXECUTED

In Electric Chair For Murder Of Four
Of Their countrymen.
Boston, Oct. 12.--Three Cinnamon,
Min Sing, Leong Gong and HON Woop,
were electrocuted at the state prison
in Charleston this morning:
They murdered four Of thair country.
men in q 'tong war" in Chinatown Gu
the night Of Aug, z, 1907.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
TAFT STUCK IN MUD BANK
Delay Only Few Minutes-President
Rides THROUGH oranoe Groves.

Delay Only a Few NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
Rides Through Orange Groves.
Pasadena, Cal, Oct. 10. To-Day
President TAFT is enjoying an auto ride
through the orange districts of River
side. He was entertained at luncheon
at Pasadena and at dinner at River.
side. Late tonight he will start for
the east on the latter half of his long
trip. and both in point of time and in
mileage, his journey will be half com.
pleted.
Much to the chagrin of the govern,
ment engineer in charge of the inner
harhor work at San Pedro the presi.
dents launch struck a mud bank in the
completed section and stuck fast for a
minute or two. During this time Taft
and the others had to change their 20.
sitions from stern to the bow of the
launch.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
EXPRESS OFFICE is LOOTED
Robber Binds and Gags Two Men and
Steals Thousands.

Steals Thousands.
Seattle. Oct. l2.-After binding and
gaggng chief clerk and his assistant
and carrying them to an unoccupied
part of the building, a robber stole
sacks of gold and silver money and n
large quantity of bills from the Office
of the Great Northern Express COM
pany. The amount missing runs into
thousands.
While A. P. White, tho assistant,
was at luncheon. e. w. Simonson
heard knock AT the door. Opening it
he was confronted by masked man
who covered him with revolver and
ordered him to open the safe. Simon
son, after complying. was bound and
gagged. The robber awaited the re-
turn of White. disposing of him in the
same way.
After short time Simonson freed
himself, and after liberating White.
gave the alarm.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
MAY CLEAR kINRAIDE CASE

Man In London States He Was Paid
$500 to. Kill Girl.
London, Oct. 12.-Edward William
Bedford surrendered to the police here
and declared that he is the man who
shot and killed Ethel Kinraide in Otta.
wa, Ont, last February.
The man states that another, whose
name he says he has forgotten, paid
him $500 for committing the crime,
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
HEARING IN LIBEL
CASE PROCEEDS
Court Sees Politics In Trial Of
Smith and Williams.
FURTHER ARGUMENTS TODAY

Judge Anderson Expresses Himself as
Being Inclined to Believe the Pur.
chase of the Panama Property Was
q Proper Subject For Newspaper
Discussion - Mentions Fact That
/ fcost Has Exceeded the Estimate
Made Originally.
4 Indianapolis, Oct. 70. That the
Panama libel case is more or less a
political matter" was the comment Of
II Judge A. B. Anderson, who is presiding
over the hearing of Charles r. Will
iliams and Delavan Smith, proprietors
Z Of the indianapolis News, whom the
government is seeking to remove to
the District of Columbia for trial on
the charge of criminal libel
"Tl,e whole Panama canal project IN
a great political project" said the
court, "and there has been much hon
est expression of opinion as to the ad.
visibility of having chosen the Pana.
ma route in preference to the Nicara-
qua route. and, since the cost of build
first estimated as to whether or not
the United States should own any AT.
lantic-Pacific canal
Press Has Duty to Perform.
"The press has a public duty to per.
form and In political discussions it
seems to me that the conception OF
libel should be greatly different from
the conception that should apply to n
case of libel on persons private char
acter.''
Stuart MacNaD'ara, special attorney
for the government, maintained that
the Indianapolis News, though printed
IN indianapolis. was published in
Washington as well es in many other
Jurisdictions; that copics of the paper
were sold In public there and that,
therefore. the crime charged was com.
mitted in Washington as we'll as else.
where
Judge Andersen asked Mcnamara
how. in his opinion. it should be de-
cided where such libel case should
be tried Mcnamara said that he
thought the first court in which an ac-
ton were brought should have juris.
diction.
Arguments Again Today.
"Wouid conviction In one jurisdic-
ton be q bar to further proceedings in
the same matter in hundred other
jurisdictions" asked the court.
Mcnamara said he was not prepared
to answer this question.
Mcnamara said the records at Wash
ington absolutely refuted charges of
corruption in the Panama purchase and
that the defendants had not considered
these records in publishing the charges
complained of
The only testimony offered by the
government consisted of copies of the
issues of the Indianapolis News con-
tanning the alleged libelous articles
and selections from the report of the
senate committee of 1906 which inves-
j tigated the Panama canal deal
Arguments will be continued today
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
BussE lNsPEcTs NEW YORK
Wants to See How Smoke Nuisance
Has Been Avoided.

Has Been AVoIded.
New York. Oct. l2.-Fred A. Busse,
mayor of Chicago. Is in New York
studying the electritication of steam
railway terminals.
"The people of Chicago" he said,
ARE clamoring for the identification
of railroad terminals to do away with
the smoke. SCOT and other incon-
yeniences. but before take any dras-
tic steps want to see the thing
work.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
Lake Superior ls Running High and
Shipping Is Delayed.

Duluth, MIMI, Oct. ia sixty-mile
northeastern. accompanied by snow.
sleet and hail. swept over Duluth and
vicinity. This region therefore is
wrapped in the first blizzard Of the
season.
Much damage of a minor nature has
been done at the head of the lakes.
Lake Superior is running high. Ship
ping has been delayed.
New Richmond. Wis, reports a fall
of SNOW.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
No Suffering.

1t was at breach of promise case,
and the rustic defendant was under
GROSS examination.
nNow tell me. please.' said the coun-
sci sterniy. zone the evening of the
10th when you bade her goodby did
she suffer you to kiss her?"
"Well," said the witness slowly, II
reckon now l did give her Il kiss or
two. but there wern't much sufferin'
about 1t us could see"
And even the learned judge conde-
scended to smile. Exchange.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
NEW ROAD IN WISCONSIN
Plan to Spend 100000 For Line
Eror1 Winona, MINI. to Snar+a

Plan to Spend $3,Utt,666 For Line
From Winona, Mimi, to Sparta.
La Crosse, Wis. Oct. President
w. i. Ferris OF tie La Crosse Water
Power company. admits that special
meeting OF the citt' council will be cali.
ed az which the company will apply for
a franchise to enter La Crosse with an
electric railroad to he run from Win
nna, MINI. TO Sparta, Wis, via La
Crosse.
Franchises will also be asked in
Winona and Sparta. The new road is
to cost s%,00ooG0. The franchise will
call for the completion of the road in
the fall of 1910.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13

ed Office of minister of the United
States to China. or will be permitted
to resume in that capacity his journey
to Picking.
1t is believed now that the whole
business has been referred by Secre-
tary Knox to President Taft. All the
indications point in this direction and
the matter is expected to remain in
statu quo pending receipt of advices
from the president.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
WRIGHT FLIES IN CIRCLE
Gets Around Army Aerodrcme In 1885

Seconds-Performance Record
College Park. Md. Oct l2.-Wilbur
Wright travelled around circle OF
about $50 feet in 1879 seconds. While
he did not assert that he had broken
any particular record. he did say that
the best previous time for circle was
close to one minute.
At times Wright tilted over his BIZ
plane until it seemed to make an angle
with the ground of close to forty-five
degrees.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
Libel on the or!aInal,

"why is Maude so angry with the
photographers"
.'She found label on the back of
her picture saying, THE original Of
this photograph is carefully preserv-
ed Boston Transcript.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
His Worth.

Jenkins Speaking TO his friend the
editor about the death of Richie, the
millionaire)-How much is he worth,
wonder? Editor Gbsentmindedly)-
Not much. Not more than quarter
of column at the outside.-Chicago
Record Herald.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
Diplomacy.

First Doctof-To what do you at
Z tribute his success as a physician?
Second Doctor-Fo his diplomacy. he
first finds out few things patient
doesn't like and then orders him not
to eat them Philadelphia Record.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13

Chicago, Oct. l2.-Wet grounds pre-.
vented the fourth Cubs-sox contest.
Boston, Oct. l2.-Rain kept the New
York Giants and Boston Americans
from playing the third game of their
post-season series.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
Woman Owns Household. y
The wife in Abyssinia always owns
the house and contents.
When He 1akes Second Place

When He Takes Second Place
Though his wife frequently may
have tried to make him realize it. a
man never realizes just what an in
eidental and insignificant thing he is
until the Baby comes to the house.
Syracuse Journal.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13
GIRLS RESCUE TWosTUDEhTs
Exhaustion Had Almost Overcome
Them When Help Arrived.

Them When Help Arrived.
Madison. Wis. Oct. 12-Bernarl
Berssenbrugge. of Rotterdam, Hol-
land. and Lewis Bennett, of Fail
mouth. Eng. both engineering stu
dents, were rescued from capsized
sailboat by two young Madison girls.
The Young men were in the water
for half an hour before Emma Pagen-
koph and Sophia de Marinette, who
were hurrying home from Maple Bluff
in small rowboat discovered their
plight. Exhaustion had almost over.
come them.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13

Famous Steeplechaser shot.
Belmont Park, n, Y, Oct. I'm q
hurdle race here, Sandy Creeker. q
well-l,nown horse, broke his leg and
was shot.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-10-13

Fall colds are quickly cured by
Foley's Honey and Tar, the great
throat and lung remedy. The genu-
inc contains no harmful drugs.
For sale by Anders & Philippss