davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1909-11-12
ALIAS SUMMONS

IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE
SIXTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT, County
OF Bingham. State of Idaho.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1909-11-12
FOR DISCHARGE
IN BANKRUPTCY

IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE
UNITED STATES, FOR THE
SOUTHERN DIVISION, DISTRICT
OF IDAHO.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1909-11-12

BY w. H. Clyne, Deputy Clerk
w. A. Beakley, Attorney for Plaintiff
Address Blackfoot, Idaho. 1876
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1909-11-12
ORDINANCE NO. lit.

IS0aI- n
Attest: T. J. johnson, Clerk.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1909-11-12
EXCURSION TO CHICAGO

The New Lava Side Ditch Co.,
Dated Oct 16, 1909. 49,!
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-09-15
FARMERS INTERESTED
IN INSTITUTE WORK

J c. Elliott superintendent
'ounty Farmers Institutes of th,
tate board of agriculture. reports Z;
emarkable interest IN county ins
utes for this month. The progressiy,
armers in many of the best agricul
ural counties have become deeply I'M
crested In county exhibit Of agr.
'ultucal products both 8t home.
ne state fair and state board head
luarters, and the demand for speakers
md Judges to attend these numerou
meetings has constituted heaW
iraft upon The available supply OF
ipeciaists among the faculty of tn
N & VI. college whose services are
given freely to The promotion Of iht
D itute work superintendent Elliott
now preparing his itinerary for tho
annual institute meetings to be held
n each county of the state during the
present institute year These Will b
wo-day meetings, at which, in addi
ion TO the regular election OF offic
'rs and delegates, a splendid prog'an
of Illustrated lectures and special
demonstrations will be given.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-09-15
APPEALS FROM OKLAHOMA
AND LOGAN COUNTIES
IEs s.EBs --- zsas9-KEE
By Agreement Of. Parties Detl
sion Of Court Will Apply
to Both Counties
IEIE

The supreme court today heard al.
suments in the mandamus caat
brought by Attorney General Charlie
West and County Attorney E. E Rear
len, of oklahoma county, agains.
Charles McCafferIy. county treasuret
If oklahoma county. to compel the lat
er 70 issue tax warrants against -four
cen thousand Oklahoma county prop
srty owners for the collection of bacl
axes on $1,000000 worth Of property
which had been omitted from taxation
and listed under the tax ferret law b,
FAX Ferret Pittman under contrae
with the county commissioners Of Ok
ahoma county County Treasurer Nc
1afferty is opposing the mandamni
action. alleging that the tax ferre
aw never was legally enacted II,
also questions the jurisdiction of the
'ourt i'm the case, besides setting M
he allegation that the act of the Sec
md legislature repealed the act of tn,
First legislature as to taxes listed
gainst property prior to statehood
ST = rn'ton ard County Attorno'
ne areumen I'm the case and GeJrgs
MatlOck represented McCattertF
BY agreement Of parties the cour
consented that the seven tax ferret
ases appealed from the Logan county
superior court be submitted on the
same arguments and briefs in the Ok
ahOma City case and that the deci
ion i'm the Oklahoma City case apply
o the seven eases from Logan count
which We're consolidated with the Ok
ahoma City case
The cause of John G. Lieber, jus
lice of the peace, VS.. Laura Araugh
bright was argued before the courl
his afternoon
The two cases Of NJ X & T. rail
way company VS. state, appeals from
orders of the corporation commission
which We're on todays assignmC/
we're continued for the term by agfe}
ment
Assistant Attorney General George
llenshaw, counsel for the corporation
commission, made a mbtion to dis
miss appeals taken by the NJ r. q
T., Santa Fe. Midland Valley, Frisco
Rock island Fl Smith and Western
Kansas City Mexico and Orient ana
the st. Louis Iron Mountain railroac
companies ON orders issued by the
commission on The grounds that tho
railroads attorneys had failed to fllc
any briefs in the case. The motion
was taken under adyisement by ho
court.
The court issued an order for /,
special term Of district court to be
leld in the Seventh Judicial dstricl
at Coalgate on September 19.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-09-15
OKLAHOMA WILL GET
PROPER CONSIDERATION

superintendent G T. Bryan, OF
the live stock department of the state
board Of agriculture, has been in
Chicago the past week in attendance
at the annual meeting Of the Nation
al Live Stock association and super
intendents of live stock from the va
riOus states and representatives Of
the Federal bureau of animal industry
which fixes the Federal quarantine
line and makes the regulations gov
erning quarantine matters. Mr. Bry-
an was made a member Of the com
mittee to draft quarantine regula-
dons. make the quarantine lines, and
open seasons for the ensuing year.
This was an important recognition OF
the great live stock interests of Ok
lahOma, and enables Mr.. Bryan to
see that the interea's represented by
the board Of agriculture Of this state
are given proper consideration
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-09-15
BONDS ARE VOTED FOR
GUTHRIE'S NEW RAILROAD
Officers Are Elected and Con.
StruCtiOn Work Begins
Next February

Special to Daily Leader
Arnett Okla. Sept l5-DirectOrs Of
the Mountain Valley a. Plains Rail
road company which has projected a
line from Cimarron Texas, 10 Guthrie,
Okla, have issued bonds rot to ex-
ceed $4,000 per mile for the con
struction OF the road. II. S. Wana.
maker announces that the bonds have
been contracted for and that construc
tion will begin by next February.
The road is TO run from Guthrie
through Arnett to Higgins. Texas. anu
Cimarron, New Mexico the contrac;
upon which the Guthrie bonus notes
aggregating $4,000 were subscribed
providing that construction work
should begin at the Guthrie end OF
the line and that the line should be
compile ed to Higgins, Texas. II two
years.
The stockholders elected the follow
ing board of directors: Jay NJ. Cogan
of Canton, Ohio; H. S. Wanamaker, ol
Amistad, n. NJ, Del w Harrington, oI
Delhart. Texas: George w Carr. Of
stone. Okla: Ben o. Byce. of Dal
hart. Texas; +. e. Harrington. of Clar
endon. Texas; NJ Weimer. of Amis ad
n. NJ: c. A. Macy. of Amistad. n. NJ.
O. E. Neil, NJ F. Word and f. f
Plank Ct A-nett.
~ the directors meeting Jay Nj
Cogan vas elected president. II.
Wanam lker. vice president and gener
~ manager q + Null. secretary an,
Del W. Harrington, treasurer.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-09-15
PONCA INDIANS SUE ON
LAND ALLOTMENTS

II IS seldom that the United States
Government is made the defendant IN
cases filed in the Federal courts, but
such has occurred IN three suits filed
in The circuit court of the Western
district OF Oklahoma By Ponca In
lians asking hat the Government be
compelled to recognize their claims
land allotted to the members OF
he Ponea Indian tribe, Of whom they
laim TO be heirs.
One Of these cases is brought by
.ouisa Poor Horse, who claims title
o an allotment made to Angie Red
Soldier, deceased Ponca Indian in
1895. Louisa Poor Horse claims to
be the mother OF the original allot-
ee. but alleges that Nina Weakbone,
widow of Stands 3lack, alleged to be
he father of Red Soldier, is now in
possession OF the allotment and that
her claims are recognized by the
secretary of the interior. The other
claimant whom the plaintiff would
have dispcssessed OF title in the land
is Grace No Ear, daughter of Mrs.
Weakbone.
The other suits are brought by
George. Seward and Zack Smith, in
fant Poncas, and by Mary p. King.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-09-15
SEEKS TO RECOVER
ON REGISTERED MAIL
Echo Of Wreck Near Dover When
Passenger Train Crashed
Through Bridge

An echo of the Rock Island wreck
near Dover on September Is, 1906,
in which several lives were lost when
a passenger train crashed through
the Cimarr0n river bridge at thar
point into the stream swollen by
floods, is found in a suit filed by
United States District Attorney John
Embry in the circuit court on behalf
Of the United States Government
asking for damages to the amount OF
6,7OS SO for the loss OF registered
mail in the wreck This will be the
hIst test Of liability of the railroads
for the loss OF mail matter
The petition recites that the Rock
Island had been awarded the contract
for carrying the mail over the por
ton OF the line from Caldwell. Kas. J,
TO Terral, l. r.. for the period begin
ming July T., 1896. to June 30, 1910,
for consideration Of $4S,2S9 90, and
agreed TO give The mail safe trans
portation 1t is alleged that the road
through gross negligence knowing
Tie bridge 0f the Cl }rr,l uem
Dover to be unsafe, continued TO rur
trains over it, and that on September
S the bridge collapsed carrying the
entire train, including the mail car
with the registered mail, into the
swollen stream, and that none of this
mail was recovered and that the com
pany has refused to reimburse the
United States Government for the
loss sustained OF the amount lost
$4,000 was in currency shipped from
the Citizens bank at Lawton to the
National Bank of Commerce at Kan
sas City.
The petition charges that the
bridge of the Cimarron was only a
frail pile structure, the piling driven
into quicksand and not resting on
earth or rock foundation, and that
he company knew the bridge to be
unsafe owing to the shifting nature
Of the quicksands in the river during
freshets. In addition to the iudg-
ment. the Government asks interest
on the amount at per cent from
September Is, 1906.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-09-15
LONGEST TOUR EVER
MADE BY A PRESIDENT
OF THIS NATION
START MADE f =
BOSTON i MORNING
Started Directly ruI Chicago
Where He Is Due 10
Arrive Tomorrow

Boston, Sept 15-fresident Taft
left Boston at 10 o'clock this mornins
on a thirteen thousand mile tour OF
the United States. the longest tour
OF the United States ever made by a
president of the ma ion. Between the
time of his leaving Boston and his ar
rival at Washington ne Will have
Travelled 1886 miles and be on the
road fifty-six days. He will be in chi
cago from 80 a. m. Thursday Sept.
16, until 245 the following morning,
or fifteen and quarter hours. Sept
IS and 19 will be spent in st. Paul
and Minneapolis.
The next stop of any length will be
at SAL Lake, where the President
will remain from 4:30 of Friday, Sept.
"a. until noon of Sunday, Sept 26. Al
Seattle he will stay from Sis p. m,
Wednesday, Sept 20 to p. m. Friday
Oct. l. san Francisco VIII get an aft
ernoon and evening Oct. Z, s and 9
will be spent in Yosemite National
park in California
At Corpus Christi, Texas. on Oct. is
Mr.. Taft will leave he train and
spend four days on his ranch
At ST. Louis, where the President
arrives on Oct. 25, he will leave tn
train for the steamer Mississippi
which will carry him down the river
to New Orleans with many stops on
way After a week th.ough the South
ern states the President will wind up
his land Journey in Washington at
8.35 p. m November 10.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-09-15
RAILROADS ANSWER TO
CONTEMPT CHARGES
Corporation Commission Likely
Effect Settlement With Pullman
Company for Lower Rates

The corporation commission held
another busy session today hearing
evidence in the contempt cases
against the various railroad com
panies for violating an order OF the
commission requiring all supple
mental tariffs issued by the com
panes to be filed with the commits
sion before becoming effective. The
hearings We're held upon complaint
being filed by Rate Expert c. b. Bee
of the commission
The case Of Sumner Gin and Ele-
yator company VS.. Western Union
company and Frisco railroad, in
which the cOmplainants ask for tele-
graph service, and the complaint OF
J. II Bells, VS.. Frisco, asking for
seed house site at Mannford, were
dismissed, the causes having been
settled out of court.
The complaint of T. A. Chandler
VS.. the M, X. and T. and Santa Fe
railroads charging violation of order
No. 4 Of the commission was contin-
ued for the term
Chairman Love this afternoon con
tinued for the term hearing on pro
posed order No. 81 requiring all rail
road companies to hold trains thirty
minuteS at junction points TO make
passenger connections fol tho reason
that the railroads were now giving
better connections and that all com
plants lodged with the commission
asking for such an order had been
Withdrawn
An order was also entered continu-
ing for the term hearing on the pro
| posed order of the commission fix
/ ing the rates TO be charged by the
Pullman Car company between points
within the state. Chairman Love an
nOunced that the matter would likely
be settled without a hearing. The
/ Pullman company has already agreed
to give the rates named in the pro.
/ posed order for berths. but has not
as yet agreed TO the price designated
by the commission to be charged foI
seat rates between points in the state
The commission is this afternoon
| con tuC'i1g a hearing or proposed
| order No 60 which requires all rail
! read and transportation companies
! electric light, heat and gas com
rlnies to give the exact change tc
patrons. The order is aimed at rail
road agents who do not give back
the exact change on tickets purchas
ed al the window The railroad com
panies and express companies die
not oppose the order, except as tC
giving the exact change where the
transaction is not made at the station
or Office ol the company.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-09-15
CONTRACTOR SEEKS
To TIE UP CITY FUNDS

On September 20 at Enid Judge
John H. Cotteral, in the United
States circuit court, will hear an ap-
plication for a permanent injunction
asked by w. w. Cook a contractor
of Pittsburg, Kas to restrain the
city officials Of Pawhuska Okla.
from disbursing $1734S.SS raised
from the sale of water works and
sewer bond sales. Cook claiming that
this money is due him for work done
in constructing the water works and
seWer systems at PaWhuska, com
pleted by him in August, l907 Cook
alleges that the city of Pawhuska is
seeking to nullify the contract with
him, Notwithstanding he was award
ed the contract for constructing the
improvements aud is about TO use the
money for purposes other than those
for which ii was set aside in the
100000 bond issue voted by the citi-
zens of pawhuska A temporary re
straining order has been granted by
the court.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-09-15
TODAY IN THE
DEPARTMENTS

Charters were issued today as fol
lows:
The Lake West company of Bos-
we'll with $4,000 capital stock. The
ineorporators are: James II Arm
strong, J A Armstrong and w. l..
Armstrong, all Of Boswell.
Armstrong Brothers OF Boswell,
with $4,000 capital stock. The in
corpOrators are, J, Z Armstrong. J.
A. Armstrong, w. l.. Armstrong, all
of Boswell.
Wilcox Memorial Methodist church
of Lowell with the following trustees:
A. l.. Ralston, NJ. l.. Simonson, j.
r. Nayler d. NJ Easter and G. II.
Ralston, all of Lowell.
The Union Coal company Of Meal
ester, filed an amended charter in
cieasing its capital stock from $50,
600 to 100000.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-09-15
MAJOR RAhSUa WuULD'hT
ACCEPT WIFE'S CREED
Claims, as Result, That His
Good Name is Being
Attacked

Atlanta. Ga. Sent Philosophy
rs blamed by Major } r Hanson. pres
idcnt of the Central Of Georgia for the
marital trouble which led h's Wife.
Mrs cora n Hanson To bring sut
ecently for divorce Mrs Hanson
harged cruelty and too much atten-
ION on the part of the major to- Jack
lOruer, now Mrs. James McNicar, a
beautiful young society woman of New
FORK Major Hanson filed his answer
1day i'm the superior Cour, of Fulton
Ounty II contains 9 pages of print
a matter and categorcally denies
ach Of his wiles charges In condu
'ion he says:
rheosopny at Fault
Further answering plaintiffs bill.
defendant AYERS that until theosophy
anne in as an element Of discord he
lad a united and happy family The.
sophisis of defendants family soon
dded 70 the zeal of new converts the
rroganCo, intolerance, aggression ana
igotry of fanatics and sought to lead
b. drive even one arl ud them into
aeasopdy The defend MT S home al
daeon soon became he headquarters
this character of work in he city.
'aford0rt nfueal to entert9in t'
l e.a. oning q theospAis.
aoause De regarded it as a modern
ofm OF pagnism caused The first
mango in plaintiffs feeling toward
i'm when every effort to force de-
oudaut to bear the burdens OF theoso-
hy by putting up money for the uni
rrsa brotherhood scheme had fail
d. The plaintiff. with one other mem
TT of her family resolved 20 attack
i'm in such a way that public defense
pould be impossible and destroy him.
hey Used TO Be Kind
"Before members of defendants
mily became thcosophists they were
ind considerate and respectful, af
orWards hey opposed in every con
eiyable way the wishes of the de-
ndant. Defendant does not believe
his cruel and unjust treatment by the
Members of his own family WAS due
any natural pervorsity on their pare
ut was due TO .he fan tlcism result
* from the acceptance by them OF
strange religion.
"The defendant further alleges tina,
he association with Mrs McNicar is
"a mere incident in the campaign
against him by The thcosophis-6 Of his
lmly, because hey could not force
inn to bow his neck to the yoke OF
thesophy."
Both Major Hanson and his wife
ire well advanced la years while Mrs.
lcVicar is quite young.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-09-15
VERDICT Of MOT GUILTf'

After weighing the evidence sew
eral hours the jury in the case of the
State vs.. Van II Williams. i'm which
the defendant was charged with OBJ
tanning money under false pretenses.
returned a verdict Of not guilty when
the district court convened this
morning
The cases Of Charles Castanian VS..
Choctaw o. and ". Ry. Co. and
Joel Ferguson VS.. NJ. o. and W. Ry
Co. We're dismissed upon motion OF
the plaintiffs at their cost.
The case of State vs. Claude Aney.
in which the defendant was charged
with a statutory crime, was dismiss
ell b. the court for failure OF the
state TO prosecute.
The case of W. F. Power VS.. G..
Z. Swan was stricken from the trial
calendar
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-09-15
Q 0 Q Q O . O o O Q 0 Q o Q c Q {
WEST DECLINES An OPINION

Attorney General Charles West in
a communication 10 Governor Has
kel declines 10 give an opinion on
the TAYLOR election law, either as 10
whether q is now In effect. or as To-
the merits Of the case tie states
that the people of the state may soon
De given am opportunity 90 pass upon
the merits Of the law and for that
reason declines 10 discuss that fea
turc. white the ether question is now
before the supreme court and that
until a decision is rendered he would
not venture an opinion
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-09-15
COLLAPSEs ON LONG WALK

I.aporte, Ind, Sept. 15.-Mrs.
Jennie Orcutt Of oklahoma City
walking to Albany n Y, where her
mother lives, reached Indiana Har-
Dor, Ind, last night in state of total
collapse and today her condition is
regarded as serious. 1t appeared that
she was the wife of William +. Or
eutt of Oklahoma City. and that she
left her home after a quarrel.
She decided to start for Albany,
n. Y. but as she had no money with
which to purchase a railroad ticket
she decided to walk the distance,
working at odd times to supply money
for urgent needs.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-09-15
BASEBALL FANS LAST CHANCE

Manager Howard Price. OF Dee Cuth
ric baseball club. announces that the
s Nhihiuon series scheduled to be play
"a between the S/Iators and me OK
ahoma City team of the Texas lea
que at oklahoma City next SUNDAY
ana Monday had been transferred to
luthrie ami that these two games
sim be the last to be played on tn,
ocal diamond this year Seven on
he old Senators team will particip te
n the games The proceeds so to
he benefit of The Guthrie players
All loyal Guthrie fans are urged Ia
ttend The games scheduled for the
middle Of next week have been called
off on accoun, of the two shows eX
tibiting here
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-09-15
SAY HUSTON IS SLATED
FOR ENBRY'S POSITION

A. II Huston. district Judge Of th,
Eleventh Judicial district, when seen
by a Leader representative relative to
the Washington dispatches announc.
ing that he had been endorsed by Con
gressman Mcclure to succeed John
Embry as United States attorney for
the Western district of Oklahoma
stated Yes, have been rendered the
position, and am codsniiregnotchCv
position, and am considering the mat.
ter"
Judge Huston was elected TO his
present position on the advent OF
statehood and has proven himself an
able jurist.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-09-15
TO INSPECT GOOD ROADS WORK

President j. p. Connors, Of the
state board of agriculture. has ac-
eepted an invitation from President
Yoakum to join his party composed
Of the presidents of the Farmers
State unions of Texas, Oklahoma and
Arkansas, and visit the leading cen
tral-western states where the work of
good roads development is being car
ried forward by competent engineers.
Mr.. Yoakum has become an enthus-
last on the subject of good roads, and
President Connors expects to obtain
many practical ana useful ideas on
the subject of good roads building
which will be made the subject of a
bulletin, at a later date by the de-
partment of which he is president
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-09-15
SUPPORTS SUICIDE THEORY
fBy Assoclated Press.l

Washington, d. c., Sept 15-Al-
though the report of Surgeon Spears
Of the navy, who made The autopsy
on the body of Lieutenant Sutton. has
not been submitted TO the navy de-
partment, it is known the autopsy dis
closed nothing inconsistent with the
theory that Sutton shot himself and,
in fact, the tendency of the surgeons
report is to support this view.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-09-15
OKLAHOMA PREFERS
To WAIT AND SEE

Chicago, III, Sept IS When the
rust company section Of the Amer
can Bankers convention met TO-DAY
he committee on protective laws ne.
ported that its efforts to protect the
word Trust to provide for efficient
state supervision, and to place il
he category OF crime The circulation
lf false reports of a banks condition
laye been particularly active Sey
'ntean states, including Kansas. have
.4,.- tc oOAsllefins H. The
leseu general law of Missouri is
ltld 10 be adequate protection, bui
oklahoma and two other states con
ider present action unwise
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-09-15
LAFoLLETrE AFTER BALLlNeER

Washington. Sept l5- Senator La
Toilette has taken a hand i'm the Ball
ugerPinchot controversy to the eX
tent of calling the attention OF the
President 10 the laNity in the enforce
ment OF he work OF caring for the
forest area within the Wisconsin In
lian Reservation. This was done re-
Gently i'm a letter sent by the Wis
cOnsin senator to President Taft Sec
retary Baninger would give out no
statement today concerning these
charges.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-09-15
TWO KILLED IN DUEL.

Neosho, No, Sept. 15-4In
duel following a quarrel on the Main
street of this town today. Henry e
Estes. a prominent farmer living near
here, shot and killed Ben" Mar
shall, a town character, and in turn
received wounds from which he died
a minute later.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-09-15
0 Q o o o O Q 0 c 0 Q 0 o Q Q o Q
WEATHER FORECAST.


} New Orleans. Sept t5 Tonight {
, fair ma warmer u west. Thurs (
; day fair. warmer in West
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-09-15

The funeral services for the late
Charles Howe were conducted from
the home of his daughter, Mrs
Blanche Satterthwaite, 11J9 W. War
ner avenue, Tuesday morning, Rev.
r. L. Noblitt pastor of the First
Christian church. officiating. Inter
ment was made at Summit View Gem
etery.