The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1909-08-13
America in the Philippines
NI.-AMERICAN PHILIPPINES POLICY
BY Frederic J. Haskin.

Manila P. There are today three
| general theories of colonial governme mt:
First, the control Of the colony by force
while its resources are being exploited for
the benefit of the ruling power Second,
| the control Of the colony by force, coupled
with a just and equitable administration
with due regard for the rights of the
natives. and only incidental advantage TO
. the ruling power. Third, the guidance and
control of the colony by sharing the bur
den Of government and using force only
when moral suasiOn fails, the sole object
being the betteTmsnt of the condition Of
the natives.
The first theory has been all but aban-
doued. The Dutch still enforce il in Java
and BOrneO, and it is to be found in some
other places. 1t was this kind of admin
tstTatiOn which lost Spain its empire and
made twO-thirds of the Latin world re-
publican The second theory is that pur-
sued by Great Britain in dealing with its
important possessions inhabited by races
other than white, such as India and
Egypt. In these cases England does not
insist upon the word colony, and divides
the administrative offices with the ma
tives up to a certain point. But the Eng
fish power is always supreme and prepOn-
derating in every department.
The third theory, representing a COM
bination Of altruism and practical common
/ sense, is being put into operation for the
first time in modern history by the Amer
leans in the Philippines 1t is not pos
sibie as yet to describe ii as being more
than an experiment, yet il is an expert
ment which promises great success. The
English in India and other oriental places
abe Incorporating in their condemna-
/ ton Of the American policy. They assert
! that il has moved their subjects TO al
most open rebellion. They ask why the
Americans, when first confronted with
colonial problem, were not content TO lml-
tate the example Of England instead of
bringing out an entirely new theory for
Z Experimentation.
The practical difference between the
three systems Of colonial administration
/ is manifest in every aspect Of life in the
several colonies In Java, the Dutch treat
the natives with a cruelty never expert
enCed by African slaves in any country.
A Javanese servant must approach his
master kneeling, and some of them arc
forced TO crawl on all-fours when in the
dread presence of lOrGly Dutchman. The
condition Of the natives in Java is that
Of most abject humiliating servility. In
India the native CrOuChes at the road
side when a white man passes, afraid of
the riding whip he knows so we'll An
Indian policeman salutes every white man
who passes, fearing dismissal and punish
ment If he should omit TO thus recognize
the inherent superiority OF the English.
Every Indian native, except in the native
states, has an air Of hangdog serv1iity.
In the Philippines the atmosphere is en-
tirely different The Filipino holds up his
head with q proper pride-sOme AmeTi-
cans think with improper arrOgance-and
he looks the American or any other man
straight in the eye without flinching-
The Filipinos are thoroughly imbued
with patriotic natiOnalism, and they do not
love the Americans. It will require at
least one new generation before gratitude
will wipe out the memory Of the recent
clash of arms The conditional promise
Of dependenC5 conveyed to them in
many ways from the American govern
ment results in more or less constant agi-
tation. When this agitation Is permitted
to pass unrebuked. as il always is unless
there is Indictment TO violence the FIJI
pinO is sstOnished.
The ordinary Filipino regards the gov
eminent as his natural enemy. Until the
Americans came It was so, and he hash
had time yet to grasp the American idea
Therefore when politician comes along
and makes a radical speech, demanding
immediate independence. his auditors look
u0on him as something Of hero. In
the Sranish days. as they know Iuu Wen,
he would have paid the penalty OF his
life for such utterances. When the Amer
I lean government does nothing, the natural
conclusion is that the Americans are too
weak or too timid 20 enforce their VIII.
: This oriental habit of mistaking Kindness
for fear is not to be easily eradlcated
memory OF government except as a cfuei
Despite this difficulty and the constant
agitation of the FilpinOs, despite the de
termined opposition of certain class OF
I Americans in the islands VINO insisted
upon retaining the full powers OF con-
Guering nation, and despite much nasty
and unwarranted prejudice at nome the
Americans in the islands Kept on with
their policy OF a government OF the III
pinos by Americans and flhphos' TOT
Filipinos
Consequently Filipinos hold the great
ma ioritv of the administrative ottces in
the islands, they have majority OF tAe