davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1909-10-14
How Cost Of Living Has Shot Up
During ~ Years,


Expert Shows That the General
Average Is More Than 40 per
Cent, but On Such Luxuries
|, Az Newlywed's. Little
Home the Increased
Cost Is About 100
Per Cent.
There is nothing above the sea or
under the sea that interesls-that
comes home to the American people
today-more than the increased cost
of living.
This. nation has passed'through 10
generally fat years ; fat crops and fat
pocketbooks for the Harrimans, for
the Morgans and for all the trusts and
monopolies. But they haze also
been 13 years OF fat prices that the
everyday city man has had to pay.
and Is years OF lean tables for him
who couldn't.
Figures of 1896. compared with
those of 1909 show that the increase
is 49.1 per cent in Is years, which
means that the dollars yoa' had in
1896 must be over S1.49 now to 60
the same distance.
But the average OF. 40. / doesn't
tell the whole story. Newlywed isn't
thinking altogether about food and
clothing. He wants to build a little
house. 1t he had married 10 years
ago, good hemlock lumber for that
house would have cost him SLIPPER
1000 feet. Today it costs $40. So
an increase of nearly 100 per cent!
It's a kitchen problem, too-this
increased cost of living. There are
10 commodities higher now than they
were a year ago today, and they are
what are called CONSUMERS goods
the kind that the workingman buys
the most Of. Included in this list are
flour, eggs, pork, mutton, chops,
cheese and other eatables.
During the second administration
of Grover Cleveland a tailor in Pu-
eblo paid $3.50 a yard for cloth tina,
he o pays 1915 for. And it's
not worth ,S1:00 he told a reporter
for Thc,Sun.
The hog was. "just a hawg" ir
1896. Now he can give a roya'
grunt, for he is worth nearly THREE
TINES as much as ne was then, ever
before the squeal was taken out O
him by the heartless stockyards folk.
of Chicago, That is all they leave
out of the hog, you know, when the,
get through with him. Everythin,
/, but the squeal is turned into money.
There is little comfort in what tn,
future holds forth, either. il we be
believe experts and look at the figure.
81 the Ad;ich tariff bill. In the mar
kets there's an impression that .ther,
will be further advances in.ail whole
, sale lines and that before the end>o
|. the year it will cost more to live thai
ever before in the history. ofsth,
world. !
' This is the age of aeroplawess. asasSs
splendor and devil-may-sare expsszA
lures for clothes and luxuries.
Who pays! Probably YOU do,
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1909-10-14
A,Shakino I'd

may all he very. we'll so far as aie trusts
are concerned, but not when it ONE to
chills and fever and malaria. QUIT the
q%uinine and take a real cure-Ballard's
Herbine. Contains no harmful drugs
and is as certain as taxes. If it doesn't
cure, you get your money back. Sold
by Globe Drug Store. %
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1909-10-14

Even if vow. are reasonably sure OF 60
ing toaissve.r, You should take outin'
surancacassipst going elsewhere.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1909-10-14

IS TO SIS SAVED.

We sell oneAway Colonist
Tickets daily, Sept. 18th. to
Oct. 18th, 1902. to. points in
California, Oregon. Wash
ington. British, Columbia
Alberta. Montana; Idaho,
Utah. Nevada. Arizona. New
andiOld Mexico.
Liberal stopovers allowed.
Tourist sleepers to LoSAn-
geleS and San Francisco
without change.
For Particulars call on,or
address.
j. w. MCCEAIN,
P;. &. T. A. Sedalia. NO..
T.. G. MORGAN,
LA. Versailles. Mo.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1909-10-14

The prettier a girl is the more often
she wants to be told about it.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1909-10-14

Don't expect a woman u take a hint
unless it is a fashion hint.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1909-10-14

! Be sure Of, ou-,ballast before vcntur
ing on s.inatrihIonial voyage.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1909-10-14

Ever notice how easy it is to roll off a
pay roll?
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1909-10-14

1t a shame for a MAJ to waste MS
time trying to deceive his wife.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1909-10-14

Great deeds. compel regard The
world crowns its doors. That's why the
American, people, have crowned DR..
Kings New Discovery, the King of
Throat ana'Lung, remedies. Every atom
is a health forceS It. kills germs, and
colds and lsx.irps vanish. It heals
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES and coughing
stops. SeEe. lmfained bronchial tubes
and lungs are ,uted and hemorrhages
cease. n~ Geo. More, Black Jack, N.
g., W. Ines ut cured Ms of lung trouble.
pronoupced hopeless by all Doctors
5Oc, $itW. Triak bottle free. Guaran.
teed by.Msntzsl nsngCo.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1909-10-14

A good crop of wild oats will grow
where weeds wouldn't grow before.
Morgan County republican. (Versailles, Mo.) 1906-1914, 1909-10-14

Perhaps the water wagon would be a :
more popular conveyance II it.were.
equipped with %pueuuiath tixrs.,
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1909-08-04
ANOTHER MATCH ON.
Jack williams ChaIIsnee Accepted by
Jack Donovan.


Shortly before the beginning of the
wrestling match between Zello and
Council last night. Jack Williams. ex-
heavy weight champion of New Eng
land. issued a written challenge to
Jack Dohovan. of Philadelphia. for a
catch as catch can. best two in three
wrestling match for a percentage of
the gate receipts and a side bet of
800. Williams was called to the
stage where he met Donovan, who ac-
cepted the challenge. The articles will
be signed In few days and the match
viii probably be pulled on about the
middle of next week
Williams will weigh at the mat
about 900 pounds, while Donovan will
tip the scales in the neighborhood of
173 pound.
Williams mas bat.led with some of
the best men in the business. He
stayed fifteen minutes with Hacken-
schmidt, the former heavy weight
champion when he was touring the
country shortly before he was de-
feated by Gotch. While Gotch was
still champion he fought him for TWEEN
ty minutes in an exhibition bout and
the champion was unable to secure a
fall. William also stayed thirty min
utes with Beale. who at one time was
an aspiran. for championship honors.
Donovan stated last night that he
was ready 10 meet Williams at any
time and hoped that the match could
be pulled of before he went West.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1909-08-04
SHIPPING REPORT.
Tuesday, August 8. 1909.
Arrived.

Steamer Batoum (Br) Stewart, port
Arthur-to Chesapeake & Ohio Coal
Agency company for bunker coal.
Steamer Chelford (Br) Wood. Gull
porto Chesapeake & Ohio Coal
Agency Company for bunker coal.
Schooner Rebecca Palmer. Camp
bell, Boston-to White Oak Coal Com
pany in ballast
Schooner Baker Palmer. SmeeG.
Pcrtland-to White Oak Coal Com
pany in ballast
Schooner Singleton Palmer. Potter.
Bcston-to White Oak Coal Company
i'm ballast
Schooner Florence NJ Penley. Jane
son. Bostcn-to Smokeless Fuel Com
pany in ballast.
Schooner Grace A. Martin Harding
Boston-to Chesapeake K Ohio Coal
G. Coke Company in ballast
Schooner Margaret Haskell, Nc
Kown BostOn-tC New River Consoli-
dated Coal Company in ballast.
Schooner Laura NJ Lunt, Wry. New
York-to Maryland Coal & Coke Com
pany in ballast
Schooner Jennie F. Fighter, Haw
kinS. New York-to Chesapeake &
Ohio Coal & Coke Company in bal
last
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1909-08-04
CanIendsr for Today.
EIGHT MORE 5CHCOkERS
COME FOR COAL CARG0ES
Eighteen Sailing Craft Now Anchored
m Harbor Awaiting 5erths at
Coal Docks.

Eight mere Schconers arrived in
port yesterday from New England
ports to load fun cargots OF coal at
the local coal docks Ten schooners
arrived Monday. making a total OF
eighteen OF theses vessels 20 come into
porf in two DAYS.
Besides the schconers many barg, 2
and one OF two steamers are in port
for cal cargocs. Other schoOners
and barges are bound this way and
arc expected 20 arrive in port within
few days. The total amount ..
bottom in sort a. this time u
aAou- $4,000 tons.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1909-08-04

when some women are liable 10 BE-
most jealous OF any attention shown
ether women by their husbands he
also said that he thought she had
taken the poison on the spur OF I'll
moment. and in a III OF dependency.
Mrs. Nicholas returned here Satur-
day from Philadel. hia. where she
spent several weeks with relatives
and friends. She was accompanied
home by her son. Harry, who arrived
AT New York last week fIom the
Philippines on the United States army
transport Fitzpatrick. He sailed IRON
this port Tor Manila on the fitzpatrick
in February. She was also accom-
panied by her young daughter, who
visited I'm Philadelphia with her me
little girl is said L. have been in bed
when h,r mother drank the poison.
Went to Picture Show.
Mrs. Nicholas and her husband APP
parently We're On friendly terms Mon
day night and are SAID to have a.
tended a moving lecture sh5w to-
81 Their.
Sine the suicide all kinds of ru-
mcrs have been current here as TO
the causes leading up to the woman s
rash act and the matter has been as
cussed In all parts OF the city
Mrs. Nicholas was A. years old and
had lived here many years. She was
a native of Philadelphia and has many
relatives in that city.
Mr.. Nicholas is a well known BAR
Ger. being proprietor OF two shops
here and IA hair dressing and mani
cure shop.
The funeral will take place at
o'clock this afternoon from the resi-
dence. the services being conducted
by Rev. Lloyd T. Wilson. ID. d., pas
tor of the Newport News Baptist
church. Interment will be made in
Greenlawn.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1909-08-04
sehriner Iaksn 10 New YORK.

William II. Ticho. New YORK de-
tective. left yesterday afternoon Tor
that city. taking with him LHppo
Schriner. who is wanted there on the
charge % abandonment Ticho secur
cd Governor Svanson's signature 10
the reqnisition papers saturday and
returned 10 this cts early Yesterday
morning
schriuor. who was arrested hero
some time ago stated thai b. vas
willing to support his family Y they
would come % this city 10 live but
ackowhgcd that D. has contributed
nothing towards their support since
h. Ieff New Ycrt
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1909-08-04
FIVE PALMER scHooNERs.
Bio Vessels Gather rere to Load
Caruoes OF Coal

Five schconers of the big feet own
ed by William +. Palmer are now al
this port waiting TO load cargOes oi
coal. Two of them came in port Mon
day and three others a1rivei yester-
day. They arr all five-mastcrs. They
are: Jane Palmer. HarwoOd Palmer
Rebecca Palmer. Singleton Palmer.
and Baker Palmer.
The five schooners will take a total
of about 5000 tons of coal h re Tor
New England.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1909-08-04

The follow ng bulletin has ben a.
sued by the branch hydrOgraphic Of
fee ~ Norfolk.
July p Absec1n bearing WV
ikW Grue) a OFT ? minles distant.
saw a large log over two feet in d.
ameter. Vigilant tsch) BrsDnan.
Jaly Is. Hcg Island. Va. bearing
WIN Uruc) abouJ ; miles distant.
passed a number q poles and railroad
ties. Champion (sch.) Grow
July Il. Lat $685.. long. ff-52. saw
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1909-08-04
Iehish Valley Baraes Sail.

The Lehigh Valley barges Bear
Greek and BeIIewcod finished loading
csrgoes " coal at tnis port yes roay
for New England ports. They are
steel bsrges and are among the best
equipped craft OF their kind that ever
visited this port.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1909-08-04
Pennsylvania Leaves Yard.

Having had her hull below me
wateriine cleaned and painted, the y
YP. x y. steamer Pennsylvania mas
left the local shpyard and r srmed
her regular runs between Norfolk.
Old Pcint and Cape Charles
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1909-08-04
Cleared.

Steamer Andyk CDtchD Walraven,
Norfolk and observation-disclosures
American Line
Steamer Johanna (Swed.) NOyberg,
Rio de JaneirO-BerwindW White Coal
Company.
Steamer ChelfOrd (BrD Wood. Car
diff Chesapeake & Ohio Coal Agency
Company
Steamer BatOum (Br) Stewrt. Liv-
erpool-Chesapeake & Ohio Coal
Agency Company.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1909-08-04

a large red conical buoy marked :
in black, f1ating about feet ou'
OF water. Assyria tGr. So Graiiis-
July 10. Lat. 1915: long. l9-5O'
passed larg quantity q wreckage
covered with marine growth. Mary
land (Br. So McNath.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1909-08-04

You ca- never - quite sure where = eohf Is 70
nr % hit 700 n he faii and winter II nav -~ifs
~ ne ho~ela prripcinE scvrrs pain. In ne sum
uer ~ nay Trvc yrl cole With diarrhora o. nurn-
yo1rsgr VIII fears II zrperdicitla o. lrca---a-
t1or % the bowels A. .hs frrt rirn q TIE r.sin
~ cr-rp take ferry Jaws Pairkillrr IN uarrn
rSeeten~d wafcr ard rsief VII corn~ Il on~e
InerS T. bit ono Fainki1er. PERM Davis. Il Il
~ put 10 n = lars Sc sire ~ vsE ss th- -,ru-
zr sc $50
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1909-08-04
Ernorts for Rotterdam.

Carrying a part cargo OF miscei-
Ianeous exports loaded at th's port
the Holland lntr Andyk
steamed yesterday for Rotterdam wa
Norfolk
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1909-08-04
Two Bunker steamers Here.

Two steamers arrived here yssier'
day t. lead fuel coal. They were the
British steamer Cheiford, from Gulf
port for Cardin. and the British
steamer Batonm from Port Arthur Tor
Livf TpCOl.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1909-08-04

You're not like lightning. anyhow.
Dinguss." said Shadboit reluctantly
taking out his pocket-book. ~Yoa can
strike the same man dozens Of umcs :
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1909-08-04
Sailed.

Steamers Andyk (Dtch.) Wslraven,
Norfolk and Rotterdam; Johanna
(SwedD Rio de JaneirO: Raven
scraig, Johnson. Providence; General
VI. s. Mills tU. s. mine planter Old
Point Comfort
Barges Bear Creek for Quincy
Point: Bellewcod for Plymouth: Berk-
shire for Newburyport; Indiana for
Boston.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1909-08-04
ACTIVITY At COAL DOCKS.
Big Daily Dumping N spite o. Rainy
weather.

In spite Of the rainy weather there
Il much activity AZ the local coal
docks and the Cummings Tor August
are beginning well Monday tho
dumuiugs fotaied 2oeos tens for the
WORKING day. This IS rather heavy
dumping even for a clear day
Al Of the bcrths a. the coal docks
are hIied nov and many vessels are
waiting In the streams 20 load csrEoes
OF coal.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1909-08-04

defensive. Zelio 81 once secured a half
Nielsen and Council. showing the best
form he had exhibited during the
night. as quickly broke it. putting his
opponent on the defensive and finally
after the two had rolled off the mat.
getting his shoulders to the floor. At
the time Zello's shoulders were a
fun two feet from the mat and referee
sherman decided that il was no fall.
ordering the men to resume their
former position. despite the howls OF
the crowd
For three minutes after the fight
was renewed the men fought like en-
ragged tigers. back and fourth they
struggled and for while II looked
like anybodys fall. but with a quick
full Nelson. Zello once again had his
opponent down and the fight was
ever
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1909-08-04
Mrs. Mary Nicholas Commits
Suicide After Quarrel With
Her Husband.
PHYSICIAN ARRIVES TOO LATE
Leaving Son to Care for Mother,
Nicholas Rushes Out for Assistance,
But Deadly Poison Takes Almost
:mned. ate Effect-Coroner States
That Woman Was Very Nervous.

Following a quarrel with her nus
band. Henry o. Nicholas. in which
she is said TO have virtually charged
him with intimacy with other women
during her r, cent absence from the
city. Mrs. Mary c. Nicholas, OF 23O
Twenty ninth street, committed sui
eide at her home about o'clock yes
terday morning by drinking caiDoiic
acid. She died before Il physician
could reach the hcuse in response 10
a hasty summons from the husband
The trouble between the husband
and wife started just before they ana
their son, Harry Nicholas, who re-
turned here Saturday from the Philip
pines, sat down 20 the breakfast Ia
BILE. Mrs. Nicholas is said 70
have accused tne son OF TAX
ing his fathers side and the boy burst
into tears. A few seconds after TINS.
Mrs. Nicholas left the room and, walk
ing TO the pantry, took bottle or
carbolic acid from shelf. She then
walked across the room TO door
leading into the hall and in plain
view CT the father and son at the
breakfast table.
Said Good bye"
Facing the man and boy she said,
good bye" and then. turning her
back on them, drank the poison.
Instantly realizing Mrs. Nicholas
purpose. the father and son jumped
W from the table and ran TO her. but
they were too rate TO prevent the
fatal act. Leaving the boy 20 watch
her. he rushed out OF the house to
nearby telephone and summoned Dr.
T ]. Kagey. The physician hurried
to the house as quickly as possible'
but Mrs. Nicholas died before he ar
ried. ..-
DR.. Kagey Immediately summoned
DR.. r. b. Gary. the coroner. After
examining the body and hearing the
statement OF Mr. Nicholas. DR.. Gary
decided that no inquest was neces-
sary.
When communicated with by
Iailv Press reporter yesterday after
noon DR. Gary discussed the case
with reluctance He said that before
Mrs. Nicholas drank the poison She
had some words with her husband
and that the son was in tears
When ask d what was the cause oil
the quarrel, DIR. Gary said he would
rather not discuss that phase OF the
case, but in response to a direct ques-
ton. he said that Mrs. Nicholas mad
accused her husband of paying atten-
ton to other women, or something
of that sort"
Was Very Nervous.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1909-08-04
Was Very Nervous.

The coroner went on to say mat
Mrs Nicholas was of a very nervous
temperament and was just at an age
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1909-08-04
No One Surprised.

Altogether the result of the fight
was not surprise. Many in fact
were pleased with the showing made
by the local man. while a few were
heard TO express disappointment. On
a whole. however. according TO sport
ing men he did wonderfully well for n
beginner and at the conclusion Of the
contest was complimented by Zello.
Council on the other hand was sure
that there was not a man I'm Newport
News in the strong mans class
The match was refereed by John
Sherman. of Phoebus. and Jack Dono-
van. local wrestler acted as time
keeper. Billy Moran acted as sec
ond for Zello while. Harry Paul
worked in the same capacity for
Council.
The Bell theater was crowded.
every seat being taken and early in
the night s. r. O. signs were hung
out.
Though it was stated that the match
would be pulled on promptly at 9:15
o'clock II was an hour later before
the wrestlers got on the mat and for
long while n large crowd was kept
standing in the rain.
Daily press. [volume] (Newport News, Va.) 1896-current, 1909-08-04

The third began very much as the
two proceeding falls. the men battling
back and forward scrcss the mat.
Council fighting hard on the defensive
and his adversary doing everything
IN his power TO quickly end the bat
tle. u was three minutes before eth
er mar vas on his feet aad when
hey fell Council vas again on the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-05-01
WhitteIsey-Morqan.

Opelika, May 1.-(Special.) )-Mr and Mrs. Cornelius Sheldon Whittelsey of Opelka announce the engagement of tbeir daughter, Miss Annie Mae Whittelsey and MT. John Irvine Morgan of Wilson, NC, the wedding to take place at an early late in June. Miss Nyhittelsey is one of the most charming young women of this city and her going away will be depored by large circle of admiring friends. She is a graduate of the Opelka High school and of Converse college. Spartanburg, s. c. Mir Morgan, the groom-to-be,A Is a noteworthy business man, occupying the responsible position or manager of the Southern Cotton oil Mills of Wilson.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-05-01
SOCKET

The "art exhibition to be given by the Serno club In the parish hall of St. Mary s church, will open today. There will be two performances, at 2:3O and 7:3O D. m. Fifteen reproductions of famous paintings will be displayed, and Tennysons sir Galahad' will be represented by seven tableaux. During the tableaux Mrs. J.. A. VanHoose will read the poem.
 At the afternoon performance Marajoh and his holy elephant will give a perform ance for the children. A small admis- sion fee will be charged. The proceeds will be given to the building fund of St. Marys Free Kindergarten.
 The School Improvement association of East Lake held an interesting meeting this week presided over by the president, Mrs. E. G. Burchfied. About 50 mem- bers were present A pleasing programme was rendered by Mrs. King and Mrs. Bar nett, the subject being "Writers of the South.' The literary programme was fol- lowed by a recitation by Miss Maroney. Miss Jones and Miss Lavender rendered piano solos and Miss Mcclure gave a vocal solo. The programmes were in water colors by the school children. Dr.. Dowell closed the exercises with talk upon the needs of the school, and the as- sociaton. After the exercises there fol- lowed charming social with refresh ments. The association is doing great work in bringing teacher and patron in closer touch with each other.
 Miss Loula Keeling will leave for At lanta this morning to attend the May music festival.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-05-01
Seasonable Jottings

Cheer up! Cherries are ripe-on hats
 The first suffrage stamp was bought by the President and he galantly pasted it on letter to Mrs. Taft. Here's pointer for stamp collectors.
 The spring of 1909 will go down in his- tory. as a champion gale-maker. Coy, uncertain, feminine spring The, wind bloweth where it listeth. taking with it everything in it's path, whether men, women, children, rubbish pile or dusty street.
 The best seller in English book stories is "A Book on Etiquette" Are English manners deterioratlng as much as that?
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-05-01
zSS. zSS.@FE~MINLlIENC@-N -N e6XEUBL LESSn9F NgIRSs9S SSlfN@W R N&I44eIW

While "iAshes of Roses" is the popular is just as stylish.
 A woman in Philadelphia who kept her money in her rat was robbed not long ago by a highwayman, who discovered where she did her banking. Certainly was a ratty proceeding?
 The spring lover in this year of grace 1909 does not admire a woman for her hat but in spite of it.
 -ss
 The directoire sash continues in favor on modish gowns.
 Nothing is pretter than the woods at this season, with the beautiful dogwood in quantities everywhere. Automobilists returning each afternoon with branches of this first harbinger of spring look as if they were decorated for a floral parade.
 An ingenious mother who went on a picnic recently took a dress suit case along, and putting a pillow in it, made a comfortable resting place for her little tot. The salutaton of the hour: Have you \ taken your fiannels off?''
 All the people who don't own an auto mobile are busy thinking what good time those who do are enjoying now in this warm spring weather.
 Some of the new chapeaux are drawn so far down over the eyes that the wearer looks like a villain in a cheap 'meler- dramer."
 The merry merry maiden nov throws dull care to the winds and goes a-picnick- ing.
 Boots laced up the sides the dernier cry of modishes, but it Is safe to predict that they will not be popular, unless my lady has a maid, for husbands will prob ably refuse to perform the irksome task. Did any one suggest that the coiffure would decrease in size this season?" The current number, so to speak, Is made up of curs and braids and rats and any old thing that's handy.