davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27
WOMAN IS SHOT BY
6-YEAR.OLDS SON
MRS. A. M. oLMEM SERIOUSLY
INJURED ON CHRISTMAS DAY
ACCIDENT NEAR PIKE
LAKE.

Duluth, Dec. 27.--Mrs. A. M. Olmem,
wife of a farmer living near Pike
Lake was. shot through the hips at
noon yesterday when a rife which her
6-year- old son was playing was acct
dentally discharged.
DIR. Robert Graham, the attending
physician. declined to give a definite
opinion last night as to whether or
not the wound will result fatally. Mrs.
OImem's condition is considered Sc
rious.
None of the family knew the rifle
was loaded. 1t had not been used for
some time.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27
CHICAGO FACES COAL FAMINE.


Chicago, Dec. 27.--With no encour-
agement for better weather, Chicago is
facing coal famine. Railroad off,
Gals and owners OF the large coal
corporations admitted that the supply
is insufficient and the cold weather
has hampered traffic so much that II
will be impossible to get the needed
supply here before a week and not
then unless the cold snap blows over.
Many families living in apartments
got UP in cold house with the fur
mace yawning, empty and black to-
day. Coal Is being sold at premium
here and coal wagons are the busiest
vehicles on the street Only a small
portion OF coal Is being given to each
customer so as to stave off the com-
plete exhaustion OF the supply until
the weatE.r permits the railroads to
take the coal from the mines.
Railroad men say the cold weather
has impeded transportation 50 much
they have bee nunable to bring the
coal here
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27
find BODY;
THROAT CUT
Nude, Frozen Body Of Missing
Youth Discovered

PittsTburg Pa, Dec. 27.-Practically
the entire detective forcc of greater
Pittsburg attempted the solution today
of the death % James Lawrence
Friel, a 14-year-old boy, whose body
was found yesterday in an abandoned
house on the north side, practically
nude, frozen stiff and the throat ter
ribly Iacerated with knife.
Young Friel had been missing
from his home since Dec. Is. A
search by the police and the family
was without avail until yesterday
when small boy, playing in the
rooms of the abandoned house, acci-
IDENTIFY stumbled onto the body.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27
PARTS OF WRECKED
SCHOONER FOUND.
BELIEVED THAT VESSEL STRUCK.
ROCKS IN STORM AND CREW
OF TWELVE Persisted.

Boston, Dec. 27.-Masses of the
wreckage apparently from the Ave
masted schooner David Palmer of
Boston, were found on the beach at
Hull today, and It, is believed that the
vessel struck on one of the outer
lodges of the harbor during yester-
days storm and went to pieces with
the loss of all on board. a total of
twelve men. The Palmer was sighted
off Cape Cod on Saturday in Mass
achusetts bay.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27
P. 0. Deficit
EXPLAINED
Postmaster General Hitchcock S
Annual Report
SUGGESTS MANY REFORMS
CARRYING SECOND CLASS MAIL
AND RURAL DELIVERY ARE THE
TWO GREAT SOURCES OF LOSS
TO TT y 9osToFFlcE DEPART.
MENT. &


Washington :. 27.-The annual re-
port Of Postm, General Hitchcock
made public " z day deals largely
with the deficit tp'1147s.77o, which
the new administf q faced when it
took hold of this i'm, g mt department
OF the federal COVE. - MT
Mr.. Hitchcock says - part:
Recent Investigations have shown
that the two great sources of loss to
the postal revenues are second class
mail matter and rural delivery.
The loss on second class mail mat
ter has been increasing for many years
until 1t now amounts to $64 1000, 900.
The loss from rural delivtry, a SER
vice begun hardly dozen years ago,
and of unprecedented growth, reaches
as high as SIS, 1000, 900.
fCOnfFnunf on
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27
one KILLED
SCORE HURT
Interurban Car Jumped Tracks
and Upset

Detroit, Dec. 27.--More than a score
Of passengers were hurt last night and
one was killed outright as the result
of an interurban car on the Detroit
United railways jumping the track
and tipping over,
FRANK KENDALL. % years old, of
Plymouth, Mich, was crushed to
death.
RICHARD ROE. 7 years old, of De-
troit, suffered the cutting off of one
Of his hands, and is in a critical con-
dition.
The other passengers were less SER
iously hurt. The accident happened
on curve four miles north of the
village of Wayne.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27
Many Lives Lost In Worst
Storm of Years
STARTED ON CHRISTMAS
STREET GAR SERVICE AND RAIL.
ROADS CAUGHT ENTIRELY uN.
PREPARED AND ARE ENTIRELY
UNABLE TO COPE WITH THE
SITUATION.

A Christmas blizzard, the sever
est storm experienced in the east
in twenty years, tied UP local traf-
fic this morning I'm the cities from
Pennsylvania 10 Maine and disar-
ranged the train schedules
throughout half dozen states. The
conditions, however. are rapidly
improving, and railroads and mu-
nicipals are today bending every
effort to move inter-city and local
traffic. There Ia reason to believe
that conditions will be normal
again by Tuesday night, when an
other storm is expected from the
west.
A number Of persons have met
their death through exposure or
accident. I'VE I'm Philadelphia and
a dozen or more in New York.
Final reports Of fatalities i'm
New England have not yet come
20 hand.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27
SETH BULLOCK
RE-APPOINTED
MARSHAL OF SOUTH DAKOTA,
CLOSE PERSONAL FRIEND or
ROOSEVELT TO SERVE
FOUR YEARS MORE.

Washington, Dec. 2T.--It was an
nounced at the White House today that
Seth Bullock, United States marshal
for South Dakota Is to be reappointed
for another term Of four years from
Jan. 13 next. Bullock has been known
as close personal friend of Theodore
Roosevelt. The reappointment is to
be both recognition of what Bullock
has done as well as compliment to
the former president.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27
eNAws MEAT IN CAVE.
Chicago Detective Finds Man shiver-
ing With Cold and Hungry.

Chicago, Ill, Dec. 27.--After living a
hermit existence for more than a year
in cave at West Fifty-seventh and
South Whipple streets, Frank Kort,
IS years old, a veteran of the civil war,
was discovered yesterday by Detective
Hogan Of the Englewood station and
win be sent to a daughter in Duluth.
The detective found the man shiy-
ering in his cave home. weakly gnaw-
ing on a chicken which he had fried
on spit.
A small blaze in fireplace dug into
the ground was the only source OF
heat in the cave, and threw out but
little warmth.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27
BROTHER SHOT FOR WILDCAT.
Physician Rushed to Hunter Who
May Die.

Ladysmith, Wis, Dec. 27.-Dr.
Landmark Of Ladysmith was called
today to a clump of trees several
miles north Of here where Willis Bisn-
op of Thorp. Wis, is lying near
death from a bullet inflicted by his
brother, with whom he was hunting.
and who took him for a wildcat. 1t lie
not thought that he will live until
morning.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27
STORM PREVENTS
TAFT'S N. Y. VISIT

Washington, Dec. 27.-on account
of the uncertain traffic conditions
owing to the storm. President Taft
has cancelled his engagement to dine
tonight in New York city with An
drew Carnegie and to speak before the
American Historical association in
Carnegie hall.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27
KlIIed GOING 70 Auto Show.

Columbus, o., Dec. 27.-Frank Nc
Gill, 3s years old, of Coshocton, while
en- route in an automobile to Columbus
tonight to attend the Columbus Auto
mobile show, was instantly killed. His
machine skidded In the snow and
turned turtle shortly after he left
Newark.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27
Governor Eberhart Fears Con-
ference Has Failed
DISAGREEMENT At NOON
RAILROADS WILL NOT AGREE TO
TAKE MEN BACK ALL AT ONCE
WANT TO REFER WHOLE Az
FAIR TO THE CHICAGO CON-
FERENCE.

st. Paul, Dec. 27.-AIl efforts Of
Governor Eberhart to end the strike
have apparently failed because of the
refusal OF the railroad officials to
agree to a reinstatement of the men
who went out, to their old positions at
once.
Just at present the governor can
see no way to bring the contending
parties together. The final Disagree
ment came at noon today, when Third
Vice President Slade of tie Northern
Pacific and j. M. Gruber, general
manager of the Great Northern, hand
ed the governor a written communica-
ton in which they restated their will
ingness to submit the matter of wages
and hours of labor to the Chicago con-
ference, but that they could not agree
to reinstate the men TO their old posi-
lions at once, but would take them
back when there were vacancies. The
railways have given the men until
Wednesday TO accept their offer of
Friday
Chicago Conferences Resumed.
Chicago. Dec. q. - Representatives
of the switchmen's union and officials
of the railroads resumed today their
discussion of the demands of the rail-
road employees here. f. O. Melcher,
vice president OF the Chicago, Rock Is
land and Pacific railroad, acted as
chairman of the railroad conference
committee.
The switchmen were represented by
Vice President s. e. Herherling and
James B. Connors OF the Switchmens
union
Arguments for the switchmen, who
were demanding cents an hour, with
double time for Sunday and holiday
work End time and half for overtime,
had already been presented, and the
meeting today was scheduled to take
up the employers side of the dispute.
There was a general belief that the
railroads would offer an arbitration Of
the differences between them and the
labor organization.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27
HAS NO VOTE;
DISFRANCHISED
PECULIAR PUNISHMENT Melted
OUT TO WOMAN IN INDIANA
COURT.

Laporte, Ind, Dec. 27.--Although In
diana women arc not permitted to vote.
Special Judge Truesdeli in tho circuit
court, today when he sentenced Mrs.
Alma Cromwell. wife OF d well-t0-do
farmer. to the Indiana snatate prison
also disfranchised her for two years.
Mrs. Cromwell was convicted for subs
ornatlon OF perjury. Tier sentence Ii
fFoma two to twenty zone years.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27
Drank Alcohol; Stabbed Sell.

Hot Springs, Ark. Dec. 27.-After
drinking pint Of high proof pure
alcohol In an attempt to commit sui
eide, Joseph Bowden. wealthy
merch ant OF Salmon. Idaho, succeed
ed in accomplishing his purpose to-
day by stabbing himself I'm the neck
with pair of scissors
Dependency over Ill health is given
as the cause Of his act
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27
coupIe Aaplnyxiated.

Boston, Dec. ~. whether Eric
Hanson and Miss Lea F'lieg, whose
bodies were found today In lodging
house la the Roxburg district were
accidentally asphyxiated or committed
suicide, the police have not determined.
The gas jets were open. Hanson was
IS and Miss E7ieg ~ years old.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27
indiana millionaire DEAD.

Nashville, Tenn, Dec. 27r-Stoughtou
j. Fletcher, millionaire owner OF the
Fletcher National bank Of Indianapolis,
Ind. died today at his country seat
near Gallatin, aged 5s. He leaves a
son and three daughters. one or the
latter being Mrs. Booth Harrington.
wife Of the author.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27
70 RESUME CONFERENCE.
Wage Demands Of switohmen to Be
WeIahed in Chicago.

Chicago, Dec. 37.-The conference in
Chicago relative to the wage demands
for railroad switchmen will be resumed
Monday when union offlciols and rep
resentatives OF the western railroads
will meet.
The Brotherhood of Locomotive Fire
men and Enginenen has presented de-
mands to forty-two railroads west of
Chicago for wage increases ranging
from is to 40 ptr cent over the present
scale.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27
BANK HEAD SHOOTS SELF.

rTcsiueht OF WtHterSet kfoWa) tnsti-
tuition Found Dead by Cashier.
Winterset, Iowa, Dec. 27.-J. H.
Winterode, president of the Citizens,
National bank, committed suicide by
shooting himself through the right
temple. Ill health is said to be the
cause.
W. ]. Cornell, cashier, found the
president sitting ait his desk with a
bullet hole through his head.
He was a native of Pennsylvania
and is survived by his wife and three
children.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27
suLLErIN NuMeER rAIRTEEN.

Forum circulation Of
the territory by this fail
resul for
direct the appealing
Of wellas all
neghborhood lively
in he ss
Advertisers generally frank the pulling
Moornead outlying territory we'll
territory.
GUARANTEED CIRCULATION in EXCESS or 1900 DAILY
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27
supervisors at Omaha.

u. w Meelxer. census supervisor
for the Ninth district. has received d
dispatch requesting he join the western
supervisors at Omaha, Neb. Jan. 4
and 5.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27
Bryan AhlA 70 Travel

Miami, Dec. 27.--Wm. r. Bryan left
here yesterday for Knights Key. go
ing thence to Jamaica. where he will
join his family. He was Sreatly inn
proved In health.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27

New York, Dec. 27--Late reports
this afternoon show that eighteen per-
sons in and near New York persisted
in the Christmas blizzard or from &C.
cidents caused thereby. six of thls
number died from exposure after be-
ing caught in snow drifts which they
were unable to penetrate. Others were
drowned and several were killed by
trains.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27

Philadelphia, Dec. 27.-Philadeiphis
today Is still In the grip Of the biizzart
which descended upon this section o,
the country Christmas day Genera
business was tied up worse than for
many years and prospects are that Il
will be several days before conditions
become normal.
Railroad traffic and the street cal
service are still in bad shape. The
snowfall was one OF the greatest in the
history of the weather bureau and
caught the railroads. street car com.
panies and other public service con.
Germs wholly unprepared to cope with
the situation. Reports received TO-DAY
showed that FIVE persons lost their
lives during the storm, most OF thG
deaths occurring during the height OF
the storm Christmas night and Sunday
morning, and in each case death wal
due to exhaustion.
Thousands Shovel in New York.
New York, Dec. 27.-Hard work Al
night by thousands OF men on the
city's streets broke thetieup caused by
the greatest December storm in years
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1909-12-27
THE WEATHER

snow hurrfes tonight or Tuesday,
not much change in temperature.
Barometer. 1887; maximum tempera-
ture 12; minimum temperature. . be-
low zero.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1909-04-29
Two Porters at Kapiti Stricken
Efforts to Keep It from the
Roosevelt Party.
HAS DESERTED FIRST CAMP
Ex-President shot Two Hartbee SITS ana
Thompson's Gnzcllc--kermit and
Guide Got Buck-None Of
ROosevelt's baggage Miss.
ing-People Kept Away.

Narobi. British East Africa Aprr
25.--After brief hunting expedition
last evening at Kapiti Plains, ex.
President Roosevelt and his party
broke camp and started for the ranch
of Sir Alfred Pease. on the Athi river,
to-day. Colonel Roosevelt spent part
of yesterday afternoon sorting his kit
while Kermit and several OF the men
went to try to their luck with tho
rifles An old settler, who seemed to
take liking to Kermit offered 10
show him a likely place for good
sport. They succeeded in bringing
down one buck.
Colonel Roosevelt's first hunt was
favored by fine weather, and he en-
joyed the experience immensely He
bagged two hartbeests and a Thomp
sons gazelle. In one respect NJ.
Roosevelt was somewhat dsappoint
ed as he had been anxious to secure
a Grants gazelle, whose massive
horns are much sought after for
trophies The hunt lasted several
hours and all the members Of the
party were wen tIlSu OuS wien tA'N|
returned to the camp.
Smallpox Is prevalent at Nairooi. ana
two cases have developed among the
porters at Kapiti. These have been quar-
antined and the strictest precautions are
being observed to prevent spread OF
The disease among these attached to the
Roosevelt party. The danger Of this is
now considered slight The police still
maintain their measures for the protec-
ton OF the Americans from annoyance.
They will not permit any, except those
designated by Colonel Roosevelt to 60
with the expedition It has now been
definitely learned that none OF Mr.
Roosevelt's baggage is missing and thai,
nothing has been stolen. Game was very
numerous on the plains to-day.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1909-04-29
Burned to Death at Their Home
in Mill Village near
Rutland.
KEROSENE CAN EXPLODED
believed Tim; Mrs. Hnwlcy WAS Try.
Ing to Light Fire in sitting Room
When Accident Occurred-Wns
Alone with Child and Helm
Arrived Too Late.

Rutland. April 22.--Mrs. Arthur T..
Hawley, age s2 years. and her infant
son. Roy, were burned to death at
their home in Mil village. two miles
north Of this city. this morning AT
$50 o'clock. They were alone in the
house and It is supposed that the
woman's clothing caught fire while
she was attempting to light a fire
with Kerosene and that the fire com
municated to the furniture and after
wards reached the baby who was
several feet away from his mother
when found
r. NJ Pennock, neighbor. saw
smoke pouring from the doors and
windows OF the Hawley house and sum
moning help found the furnishings Of
the sitting room and Kitchen burn
ing, the charred body OF the mother
on the kitchen floor near the sink
and the babys body in the sitting
room. There was a shattered kero
sene can near the sitting room stove
leading to the belief that the con
tents Of the can exploded while th'
woman was starting the fire with oil
setting FIRE to he'd dross She evi.
IDENTIFY rushed to the sink for water
leaving the baby in the burning room
but was overcome before she coult
help herself.
The unfortunate woman was the
daughter Of Nathan w. Chandler OF
Hubbardton, well-to-do FARMER
Her husband is a milk dealer and wa:
delivering milk at the time Of the
accident.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1909-04-29

weather and crop conditions coupled
with the knowledge that abundant money
and big gold output are favorable to ex-
?ansion inspire encouragement Railroad
earnings and bank clearlngs maintain
their recent level of gains, the former
showing an increase Of IL per cent. for
the first two weeks Of April over 1908
with a decrease of rs per cent. as COM
pared with 1907. While advices from the
principal cities continue favorable, re-
tail business, which is generally the last
to feel and the last to recover from de-
preston. does not appear to be as active
as other trade conditions would warrant.
Commercial failures this week In the
United States are 235 against 24S last
week, 249 the preceding week and %8
the corresponding week last year. Fail
,tcs in Canada number IS against 20 last
week, % the preceding week and q last
year.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1909-04-29
Only a Filling In Business Done
in Jobbing and Wholesale
Trading.
WEATHER IS TOO COLD
Spring Business ms n Result Has Dccn
Disappointing - Tariff Uncertain
~ Hns Depressing influence
ON In,iustry-OutlOok Good
for Summer and Fall.

New York, April 2S.-Bra dstrect's state
of trade will say tomorrow:
Trade conditions are without much
change. and irregularity is still the lead
ing features in crop. business and in
dustrial lines. Wholesale and jobbng
business for Immediately delivery Is Of
filling in character and az retail trade
has not expanded greatly. sales arc there
by limited. Results of spring business
areas n whole disappointing. There is,
however more doing in wholesale lines
for next fall and winter, and the tone
in this branch IS fairly optimistic. Cen
orally speaking the weather this week,
except ut the South has been too cold
warm spells and sprnclke weather have
evoked n fair trade in some sections.
Collections show little change and arc
classed as slow to only fair. as whole
Money is easy and this feature still favors
Spectators in securities and commodities
There are isolated reports, however, that
commercial demand shows signs Of pick
ing UP.
Taken as a whole tariff uncertainty
and backward weather and crop condi-
tons are still bar to fullest activities
in trade and industry. but the under
lying feeling is that with the removal
of these restrictions the outlook is for a
good summer and fal, trade
business failures for the week ending
with April % were 247 against co1 last
week. 254 in the like week Of 1903. 1877 in
1907, III in 1905 and 1913 In 1875.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1909-04-29

divorce case was continued at the re-
quest Of the attorneys
The entry of settled and discontinued
was made in the case Of the People s
National bank of Barre VS.. j. r. Wood
ward. The suit was brought to recover
the face Of a note with interest. The
case Of A. Morrison of Barre vs. Daniel
Emery, general assumpsit, has been set
tied and discontinued The case OF Gal
lagher Bros of Barre VS.. G. X. Scott e.
Co.. general assumpsit, has been re-
ferred to j. W. Gordon.
Judge Stanton has appointed Assista nj
Judge William j. Clapp as receiver for
the firm of Whtcomb Bros. manufac-
tJrers of machines. in order to settle ur
the affairs Of the partnership. Frank
Whitconb petitoned for the appointment,
of a receiver. and in his answer to the
court Harry a. Whtcomb acquiesced In
the application.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1909-04-29
Kidney and BLADDER Diseases

are indicated by one or more of these
symptoms, Viz: Pains and Weakness in
the Back. Lame Back, Dragging sensa-
ton in the Back and Loins, Muddy thicl;
urine. a white deposit brckdust deposit.
Puffness under the Eyes. Bloated an
rearance of the Face, Swelling Of Ankles
anG Feet. Drowsiness, Loss of Memory.
bropsy, Blood Poisoning and Rheu-
iatism. Rydale's Kidney Remedy is
guaranteed by lis TO give satisfa ction to
all sufferers from Kidney or Bladder dis
orders. J. w. O'Sullvan. Burlington.
VI; Shanley e Estey. vvinooski, Vt:
junction Pharmacy, Essex Junction, VT:
w. s. Nay &, Co, Underhill Vt
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1909-04-29
He Is Charged with Kidnapping
and His Wife with the Same
and Aiding kidnapping
SHE HAS MANY ALIASES
Names of NcDcrmotL Parker, Miner.
Norkc and Boyle Given in the In
dictmeut--Trini begins Next
Frlday--BoyIc Ordered to
BURGER Proof Cell.

Mercer. Pa, April 23-nd+stments
were returned here Tonight by the Mer-
Ger grand jury against James II. Boyle
and his wife in connection with the alb
tluction Of Willie Whitla Of sharon, Pa.
which occurred on March 18th
\ true bin was found against Boyle
charging kidnapping. The maximum
sentence is life imprisonment In the
case of the woman, tho same bill was
also returned with an extra count
charging her with aiding, assisting and
ahetting IN the kidnapping. The indict-
ment against Mrs. Boyle identifies her
as follows:
Marie Doe, alias Helen Anna McDer.
mott, Parker, Miner, Norke and Boyle"
The trial Of the abductors will begin
next Friday April 90
The grand jury reported that sheriff
Chess had been instructed by them 70
place Boyle in burglar proof cell be-
cause Of recent attempt to liberats
him by parties on the outside