Baxter Springs news. [volume] (Baxter Springs, Kan.) 1882-1919, 1909-06-24

the form of an arc of a circle instead
of that of the usual straight line. Con-
siderable skill is required to use the
ak effectually. AS the face reaches
position above the convenient reach of
the clipper q ladder formed of a round
pole bearing triangular blocks at
tached at intervals along one side Is
placed against the tree and the chip
per climbs to the required height.
Dipping is accompanied once every
two weeks in much the same manner
as by the cup system in the United
States, the dipper carrying a small
paddle with which he cleans the gut
ter and scrapes out the cup. On high
faces the cup is removed by means OF
piece of strap iron bent so as to
form a part Of a circle and attached
to one end of an extensive pole. At
the end of the season the cups, gut
tiers and nails are removed and the
scrape cleaned from the face and
caught on a cloth spread on the
ground at the base of the tree. Since
the face is only about four inches wide
the percentage of scrape to dip 10
small.
AS the trees become larger and the
first face attains to considerable length
q second is started about one-third OF
the circumference of the tree to one
side. Upon the attainment Of the sec.
ond nearly to full length a third is
made. BY the time that the third has
reached full length from II to IA
years have elapsed since the first was
started. If desired, the tree may be
logged at this time, although usually
the bleeding continues for some time
longer, more new faces being made
until eight or more have been formed,
but never more than single new one
each year. The fourth is placed near
the first, since by that time 1t has
nearly grown over again. In this way
the tree always has sufficient bark to
allow growth to continue practically
undated. This method of bleeding
is known as bleeding alive" as in con.
trast to bleeding to DEATH" which Is
often practiced upon trees that are in.
tended to be removed for lumber or
other purposes. In such instances the
faces are placed close together and
are continued for only about three
years when the tree is cut The cup,
or Hughes, method has been in use
since 1910. The yield of gum varies
from three to five pounds per face per
year in the case Of bleeding alive"
By bleeding to death" a yield of from
Is to 20 pounds per tree is obtained.
Copper stills used for distillation are
usually heated with steam and
equipped with theromstats, so that the
operation is conducted throughout
upon a definite basis, which guarantees
uniform and high-grade results.
Turpentining Is carried on in south
west France along the shores of the
Bay of Blscay and is really only SEQ
ondary reason for planting the forests.
This whole region was at one time
threatened with devastation by sand
dunes, which were constantly moving
inland. driven by ocean winds. To fix
these dunes the Maritime pine was
planted in conjunction with hardy
grasses primarily to form a forest
cover and to protect the soil from the
winds. The pine is a small tree with
coarse textured wood, but which is
utilized for timber purposes after its
life of furnishing naval stores is
ended. 1t yields an abundance e
resin quite comparable to that of the
western yellow pine of the United
States, though not in such copious
amounts as does our long-leaf pine of
the South Atlantic states.