davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1909-09-30
Bates Co. Girls Pioneers.

Misses Lena and Ida Inglehardt,
daughters of Herman Inglehardt, of
Charlotte township, passed through
Butler Monday on their way to Mid
land, South Dakota, where each has
filed upon a government claim of 100
acres, which they will prove up.
They were fortunate in securing adj
joining claims, upon which they will
build, and be a help and comfort to
each other. These are spirited, intel
ligent and courageous young ladies',
both exceedingly good-looking and
charming, and one of the greatest
troubles they will have to contend
with, will be in keeping off persistent
suitors, until their claims to the land
are finally established.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1909-09-30
Wedding Anniversary.

At the pleasant country home Of
Mr.. and Mrs. 7. P. Crawford, 4 miles
northeast of Butler, on Saturday,
Sept. Is, 1909, from 10 a. m. to 8 D.
m. was celebrated their 10th wedding
anniversary. A large number of rela.
tives and few intimate friends were
invited. The beautiful autumn day
added much to the pleasure of host
and guests. The house was PRETTY
decorated with evergreen and golden
rod and on the veranda were decora-
tons of the same and letters 30" in
evergreen. AT 2 O'Clock the guests
were inuited to partake of a sumptu-
Gus dinner served on the lawn. The
table fairly groaned with good things
to eat, prepared by the hostess. A
number of beautiful and useful pre-
sents in china were received. Those
present were: Rev. A. H. Lewis, j.
w. Lewis and family, S. C. Lewis
and family, Russell Lewis and family,
Walter Wright, wife and baby, w, S.
Chandler and family, Perry Osborn,
wife and baby, A. c. Roster and fam
lily, F. II. Mcdowell and family, E.
II. Roster and wife, p. NJ. Skiles and
family, Mrs, Spriggs, C. NJ. Barley
and wife. A Guest.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1909-09-30
County Court.

The Bates county court met as a
board of appeals on merchants state
ments Monday. Those present were
Presiding Judge Harper, Judges A..
D. Hyde, L. S. Paddock, Surveyor
Jno. Etter, Sheriff w. j. Bullock,
Clerk c, j. Weeks, Mayor of Butler
j. f. Williams.
After the proceedings of the board
of appeals, the court transacted the
following business.
VIM. Witt, assessing West Boone,
$29.s2.
On presentation of physicians GER
tificate Geo. T. Williams was exempt
ed from road work.
The court agreed upon legal fees
with T. j. Smith and Frank Hage-
man for services to be rendered in
suit against River Drainage Dist. No.
| by Wills ct al.
j. j. Cameron, trustee Lone Oak,
given warrant for $3.50, portion 1909
dramshop money.
Timothy Foohey allowed So, $50. So
on End Div. Drainage work, 10
per cent being retained on estimates.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1909-09-30

the United States for SOL ,287, 800
probably will be tried by the United
States court of claims during the
coming winter.
This suit, which is one of the larg-
est brought against the government,
was instituted some time ago by the
Missouri, Kansas &: Texas Railroad
Company, one of the land grant rail-
roads, by the filing of a petition in
the United States court of claims in
which it was alleged that by acts of
congress the United States had agreed
to convey to it the fee simple title to
every alternate section of land to the
extent of ten sections per mile on
each side of its line through Indian
territory and Kansas, and that subse-
quently many of these lands had been
decided to the Indians in severalty
and had otherwise been disposed Of
to the great loss of the railroad COM
pany.
In its petition the company prays
that an account may be taken to- as.
certain the value and extent of its
land grants improperly and wrong.
fully taken from it by governmental
authority and that judgment be rem
dered for the amount stated.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1909-09-30
Notice.

No Ice is hereby given that at the annual
~ ne'r = II tue stockholders OF the Charlotte
Mcfad ,en Hall In the v ilage oi Virginia.
.n.rtpt,- ow p, Rats County, Missouri,
T. n O'Clock the forenoon on Tuesday. the
vrn dayof Decemb r. ls0s there win be
no snree rector OF salt Co .pany to hold
omp ny, and taaY- will also he submitted 10
sa stockhoid re at sal Getting 10 be thsn
= t'rrr vo ed upon b, hem, Proposition %
nefrasr th.ra iist ct OF OF said Company 10
snin 1T Four Tnnusand DolIsra. "
September u Loo
n u. HARDiNGER. President.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1909-09-30
Wants So, 900 For a Wink.

Kansas City, Mo. Sept.-Because
the conductor on Vine street car
winked at her and tried to hold her
hand in a street car crowded with
passengers, Ethel Yoakum brought
suit against the Metropolitan Street
Railway Company in the Circuit
Court this morning for So, 900.
Not content with humiliating her
with his improper attentions, she said
in the petition, the conductor signal
ed the mlotorman to start the car as
she was alighting, causing her to be
thrown to the pavement.
For injuries she suffered in the fall
she asks an additional 5000. She
says tall occurred on April l6 1909
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1909-09-30
Lying Like a Dog.

The San Francisco lawyer who ac-
cused witness of lying like a dog"
owes an apology to the dog. A dog
doesn't lie. That is one human trait
that has been omitted in his make up.
A dog may be thief-many dogs are
but dog is not liar. A dog may
bark up the wrong tree, but he
doesn't bark with the intention to de-
ceive; it is because he believes there
is something up the tree, The dog
may be the victim of circumstances,
but it is not with malice pretence (if
that's the term), that he seeks TO de-
ceive the man. By nature the dog is
truthful. He never wags his tail in
the presence Of his enemy. Man may
"smile and be a william" but the dog
never smiles when he does not mean
it in the very best spirit, Falsehood,
as matter of fact, is not in the dogs
vocabulary. Cats are VIGOROUSLY de-
ceitful. Without notice they viii
scratch the hands that fondle them
But the dog always gives notice o.
his intentions. The expression TT
lie like a dog" is false in itself. 1
men were as truthful as dogs WI
would have more happiness in thu
J world. II dogs lied like men, there
would never be coon freed or ;
squirrel ed.-Ex.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1909-09-30
BATES COUNTY SCHOOLS
AND TEACHERS.
By County Superintendent, p. NJ. Allison.

By County Superintendent p. NJ. Allison.
Miss Stella Pheasant, of Pleasan
Ridge in Hudson township, has an
enrolment of forty pupils all doing
fine work. She expects to have ;
school exhibit at the Association il
October and try in the spelling con
test.
Miss Mary Fry, of the Fry school,
has six girls and one boy enrolled,
She has very nice school and her
pupils are taking as much interest as
could be expected of a school with
forty pupils in attendance. They
have a good working library and 9TH
er equipments in proportion.
We visited four of the best equip
ped school rooms in the county this
week. They are Harmony, in Shaw
nee township; Freeze Out, in Spruce
township; Mckinley, in Mingo town.
seip; and Mingo, in Grand River
township. II is beyond our ability to
say which is best, but il is very no.
ticeable that these schools all have a
good interest in their work and a
progressive school spirit among the
patrons. Freeze Out excells all of
them in furniture and has the credit
of having the finest teachers desk
and chair in the county, none except
ed.
The same ten words were used as
test in spelling this week that were
used last week. About $50 pupils
tried the words this week, as last
week only two pupils spelled all of
them correctly. The two spelling all
the words this week are Ruby Mullen
and Ebert Chapman, of Mingo school
in Grand River township. One hun
dred pupils missed only one word of
the list this week.
The Reading Circle work is OPEN
ing up exceedingly well all over the
county. The following chairmen re-
port very interesting meetings. Miss
Evelyn Lawson, Deep Water town
ship; Mr. A. W. Conrad, Hudson
Twp; Miss Myrtle Burch, Pleasant
Gap Twp; Miss Ella Mcclure, Elk
hart Twp; Mr.. S. Z. Smith, West
Boone Twp. The majority of the
townships held their meeting the 25th
and their reports had not reached the
office yet We hope that every teach
err in the county will enroll in this
work and help the teachers of their
township to make this work as inter-
esting and profitable as possible.
The teachers of Praire township
organized their Reading Circle work
last Saturday evening at Papinsville.
Miss Pearl Kemper is chairman and
assigned chapter to each teacher for
them to prepare on and lead in the
discussion of the chapter assigned at
the next meeting, which will be held
at Prairie City Oct. 9th. We feel
quite sure they are going to have one
of the best Reading Circles in the
county.
Miss Kemper, of Prairie City, has
an enrolment of 40 and claims to
have one of the neatest and cleanest
school rooms in the county. We feel
quite sure she has not exaggerated in
the least Miss Grant, of Papinsville,
school has Is enrolled and a good
school spirit. This is her second
term there and the patrons and pupils
are well pleased. Miss Aims, of Mis-
sion Branch school has an enrolment
of ten, five boys and five girls. All
are doing good work. Miss Aims is
a Rich Hill graduate and is doing ex-
cellent work.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1909-09-30
Sheep For Sale.

20 head good grade Shropshire
ewes for sale in lots to suit. One half
mile west Of Passaic. ENQUIRE or
address, Chas. s. Conklin
4s-5t No. 4, Butler, Mo-,
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1909-09-30
statement.

ole" Is hereby ivan o all creditors And
q nj r-ss.d In the tate Of -aran e.
Aug h-'rasel that ., j. r Jen.ins.
aiini' sra srisi 20 ate, intend TO MAKE
irsnent t;treof st be next term AZ
M bfi paft, tr haze urt. In Rrtes q mn.
tat d Missouri 3 Il. held ct utter.
as nrt. on the sth da . Noysmhsr IN a,
-. $500. ]. X ,iENKI 8,
Administrator.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1909-09-30

~ ,.sh7rey gv ~ y All credltovs and !.
2 h'ts =, ret 4 y h. state Of Elisa Ann
Lsa'Ast s 80 ira ! Jerome Lernastrr.
as II hia-.of. > sAs nsrs fes1n a
ass os'a'- on I, In BATS e6nS-
AZ Mica q Be hell 4 Busleg.
Two S1sSxsrrp,
- dminfstrafof.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1909-09-30
The Katy Sues Uncle Sam.

Washington, Sept-A suit against
the United States for $6l, 2S7, 800
probably will be tried by the United
States court of claims during the
Omaha daily bee., 1909-07-24
Other BigB Bargains
UNDERWEAR

UNDERWEAR
Cream color with tan stripe, a
garment that was intended to be
sold for 75c, sale price 25c. Mems
extra light weight, sleeveless IN
dershirts and knee length drawers,
garments that retail in Gents
Furnishing Goods stores for 75c,
sale price 35c.
Genuine Porosknit Underwear,
light blue shade, regular soc gar
ment, sale price 35 cents.
Mems Union Suits, blue and
salmon color, that sell in Gents
Furnishing stores for $1.25 and
$3.50, all sizes, sale price 69c,
An elegant line of shirts, in ev-
cry late pattern, with or without
collar, sale price 4Sc.
President Suspenders 39c.
Shaw Knit Hose zoe.
Mems soc Suspenders 25c.
Mems soc flowing end Neck
wear Csc.
A big lot of our 25c N~eckwear,
your choice 15c. and many other
similar bargains which this space
does not allow us to mention.
Mems fancy hose, large variety
of c%olors. worth up to zoe; sale
price, &c.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1909-04-13
GRAND JURY
IS EMPANELED
AND CHARGED
Strong Charge Delivered by
Judge Wolfe on the Two
LynchingS in Pensacola,
Which He Told the Jury
To Investigate.

The spring term of circuit court for
Escambia county convened yesterday
morning. with Judge J. Emmett Wolfe
presiding and State Attorney KehOe
in attendance.
In the forenoon the Venire was
called and from the number the court
selected a grand jury of eighteen men.
whose duty is to investigate capital
cases and return true bills where the
evidence presented mstifies- This jury
is composed of the following: l. Earei
Thornton. foreman; John G. Caro-,
clerk; Philip Peake, Jr., Fred. Abbott.
J. b. Stewart. Chas. l.. Durant. w II.
Hollifield. Joe Sheppard, Z. l.. Shelby,
J Thos. CoIvin, Edward de la Rua,
William Bailey, Joseph Creighton, B en-
Brewton, l.. Carlson, J. F. Helton, d.
D. Douglass and Ben FOrcheimer.
JUDGE WOLFE'S CHARGE.
In charging the jury Judge Wolfe
explained the various grades of hOmi-
eide He instructed the jury to in
Vestigate the Iynching of Dave Alex
ander. cOlored, on April ). in the
Plaza, and the negro Leander
Shaw a few months ago at the same
place. He told the jury that every
man who composed these mobs or
who participated in the lynchings is
guilty of murder and should be so
dealt with. In regard to lynchings,
The judge. said that the real injury OF
lvnchfng Is not 70 the man who is
so dealt with, but to the body polite
as il lowers the respect and fear of
the law, which must be obeyed under
all circumstances
At the conclusion of the charge the
jury withdrew and organized, after
which it begun its investigation.
From the nature of the witnesses
summoned to appear before the jury
il is believed that the killing of young
Mertins last Aiardi GraS by Eastman
Spears is being Investigated, There
are one or two other cases to be in
vestigated. ana it is believed the jury
will then take up the Iynchings.
SPEARS IS IN JAIL.
Eastman Spears is IN the county
Jail and has been for several weeks.
He was removed to the navy yard
with other prisoners few hours af-
ter the killing but Sheriff Van Pet
stated that the man had spent only
one night at the navy yard. the off,
ciaIs declining 10 allow him to re-
main there longer. The negro was
not brought back to the city with
other prisoners on the boat the fol-
lowing afternoon. but the sheriff went
TO the yard in, his buggy and secured
the negro. driving through the
streets with him. The general sup
position was that the man was at the
yard all the time.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1909-04-13
HABEAS CORPUS
WRIT UPHELD
BY n. !. COURT
5. S. Carvalho and Other
New York Men Released
on Criminal Libel Charge.

new York. A0riI I2--Thc writ OF
4ahcas corpus secured on behalf of
s. =. Carvalho, Bradford Merrill and
Edward II. Clark, officers of the Star
Company. publishers of the New York
american and Evening Journal, in
the action brought against them for
criminal libel. on complaint of John
ID. Rockefeller, Jr., was upheld by
Justice Gerard. in the supreme court
today. aud the defendants were or
dered discharged.
When corporation published the
Loci" says Justice Gerard every
person who at the time OF publication
is in any way engaged in the actual
management OF the corporation is
subject 10 prosecution. but some proof
Of actual management must be made
to hold any person for trial
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1909-04-13
|NTERURBAN
CARS COLLIDE,
MANY ARE HURT.
Head-on Collision Near Gary
Ind, and Ten Men Are IN
Hospital For Treatment.
b. Associated Press.

Gary. Ind. april I2.-Ien mon Wers
seriously injured and a score badly
hurt i'm a heaG-On collision on the
Chicago. Lake Shore and South Bend
interurban lines two miles west OF
Gary today. But one person on the
east bound car, which carried twenty
people, escaped without injury Of
some kind
The front ends of the two cars were
teleScOped when they struck Eight
or more of the most seriously injured
were hurried to d hospital here,
where the report is all will recover.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1909-04-13

Washington, April I2.-The amend
ed tariff bill is now on the sepate
calendar and by agreement reached
on the floor, consideration Of the
measure Will begin Thursday. The
bill was laid before the finance COM
mittee with the Democratic members
present at ten o'clock this morning,
and after thirty minutes of ParIeyiug
vote was taken on the question of
making a report to the sena'3 today.
All the Republicans voted in the at
firmaive and the Democrats in the
negative.
Report is the bill will not contain
all the changes in rates the finance
committee proposes to make, although
there are several important amend
ments, such as the restoration OF the
Dingley rate on wOmen'S gloves and
hosiery, placing the works OF art on
the free list. and an assessment duty
on iron ore have been made, the reve-
nue. producing possibilities are little
changed. The increases provided are
mainly in the schedule covering
Injuries, the entire liquor schedule
being materially advanced. Increases
on wines and spirits are expected TO
bring about $500 900 additional
revenue.
INCREASES NOT SUFFICIENT.
Senator AldCic-I stated the-cOmmit=
tee realized the Increases thus far
will not be sufficient to cOUnterbal-
anCe the loss in revenue that Will re-
SUIT from reductions and frightening
the free list. This shortage viii ne
cessitate further increases on GER
tain Injuries and the committee in
tends TO report some changes at an
early date which it will ask the senate
to adopt,
In discussing the revenue features
of the bill Senator AldTich insisted
that the amended senate Payne bill
viii provide sufficient funds TO meet
the expenses of the government with
Dut resoTting to any but import
taxes.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1909-04-13

The steam yacnU Sultana, owned by
r. II. Hartman. the railroad king,
which left Tampa Sunday night, is ex-
pected TO arrive here TO-DAY, with a
party of ten on board, headed by Gen.
eral Manager Young of the Southern
Pacific
In the party are Julius Kruttschnitt.
vice president of the Southern Pacific;
s. NJ. FELTON,, director of the Mexican
Central; William Hood, of San Fran
cisco, chief engineer of all Hartman
lines, and c. w. Jungen, a manager
of the Southern Pacific steamship line.
The local pilots have been keeping
close lookout for the yacht, but
owing to the rough weather on the
gulf it is thought she put into some
nearby harbor until the weather mod
crates.
GO DIRECT TO CHICAGO.
Immediately upon the arrival of the
Sultana Mr.. KTuttsclnitt will board
a private car, which has arrived here.
The car viii be attached TO the first
train leaving Pensacola for the NORTH
and will be carried direct 10 Chicago
The destination of the remainder OF
the party has not been learned, but
it is presumed they will also go TO
Chicago and there be joined by Mr..
Hartman.
The visit of the party 10 Tampa is
said TO have been in connection with
reports thai Mr.. Hartman coutcu1-
plates acquiring the Seaboard Air
Line
No information has been received
in Pensacola t3et Mr.. Hartman would
join the partyk at this place.
The Sultana, which is fitted in pal
atial style, is ls1.1 feet long. 2S feet
breadth and drg.ws 1872 feet of water.
She was buiLSin 1890 at BROOKLYN
power of 4S0- ger gross tonnage is
$50 and net tohtag 229. She carries
crew of %.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1909-04-13
BY Associated Press.

Paris. April 12.-TheOdore RooSe-
welt and correspondent OF lie jour
nal are engaged in a controversy re
gaTding the yeracity OF the CORE
sPOndent. lie Journal sent It's repre-
sentative 10 Naples to see Mr.. ROOSe-
Welt and subsequently, the paper pub
lished a long interview with the for
mer president Of the United states
which was widely copied Upon ar
rival at Port Said last Friday MT
Roosevelt sent a Cablesram TO Il failH
paper saving that he had given no
such Interview. This was published
together with the assertion Of the
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1909-04-13
BY Fred M. Allen.

Tallahassee. April 12.-Caaracteriz-
ing as Il perfect farce Inc present
method Of submitting constitutional
amendments TO a referendum. as ignO-
rance of their meaning renders the
voters distrustfUI. Governor Gilchrist-
in d special message 70 the legisla-
tuTe today, recommended that adv2T-
tisements of amendments be publish
ed before the election giving d brief
summary OF the meaning Of the pro-
posed change and what 1t Will bring
about be included.
In another message today Governor
GHchrist recommended that senators
and representatives in congress be ASK
eded by concurrent resolution to Op-
pose the clause in the Payne tariff
bill which viii levy ad valCTem
on ksinit which enters INFO fertilz-
iers used BY Florida fruit and veopta-
Continued on Page TwO.)
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1909-04-13
Roosevelt i'm Row With
French Newspaper Man

correspondent that he talked half an
hour with Mr.. Roosevelt and that the
text of the interview as given. was
strictly accurate. This denial coming
to the eye of Mt. Roosevelt at Suez.
he again cabIed Paris Teiterating his
denial and characteriZing the inter
view an an impudent fabrication
without a particle of foundation" He
saws also that he never saw the cor
respondent of lie Journal.
The correspondent has replied with
4 new an rmation of the truth of the
interview and declares that he Il pre-
pared To bring further proof OF ms
yeraCity,
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1909-04-13
Voters Ignorant OF Their
Meaning and Become
Distrustful.
BEARD IS TURNED
DOWN BY SENATE

REPORT on HIS
RESOLUTION ATTACKING ELI
GIBILITY OF WRITER'S AND MAS
SEY-BILL IN HOUSE FIXES
MAXIMUM RAILROAD FARE AT
23-4 CENTS PER MILE-ANTI-
RACE TRACK GAMBLING AND
POLL TAX BILL ALSO INTRO
DUCED.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1909-04-13
EIeCtrOCufed for the
Murder of His Mother

minute the wire was Teadjusted, IA
current was turned on and one mI.S-
ute later Carlin was pronounced dead.
CaFIin had been an inmate Of charit-
able or refOrmatoTy institutions q
greater part, Of his life, beginning IN
infancy when his father died. lie
blamed his mother for permitting him
to remain in these institutions and
when he was released from the re-
formatory a year ago. he Immediately
purchased a revolver. went direct ~
his mothers home and killed her.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1909-04-13
TROOPS WANTED
DURING N|GHT
RIDER TRIALS
Governor Patterson Upon
Request of Court Sends
Militia to Humphreys
County to Protect Officers.
-E9 8zs5c1s,.d press

Nashville, Tenn. April 12.-Atter a
conference today between Governor NJ.
r. Patterson and Adjutant General
Brandon regarding the application OF
Judge Cook, Attorney General Bow
man and citizens of Humphreys
county. asking that troops be sent
there during me trial of the night rid
ers, in order 10 protect the officers of
the court and to insure the enforce
ment of the Law, it was deemed eXpe-
dent to grant the request and p or
50 soldiers will be sent TO Waverly to-
morrow.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1909-04-13
POLICE CHARACTER DEAD

Louisville. Ky, I2.-Jim HOft, one
of the best known police court char
acters OF the city, who figured prom
inentIy as d suspect in the murder
case of Mrs Virginia Ely. met a
tragic death today. While driving a
cart on G street between Floyd and
Brook. ne was struck by north
bound freight train on the Louisville
and Nashville railroad and died fif-
teen minutes later from his injuries.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1909-04-13
WATCHING sMUGGLERs.

Merida. Yucatan, April 12.-Immi-
grafton inspectors from the United
States. under the direction of A. C.
Chez. are in this section gathering
information concerning slOOps that
frequently put out from points along
the coast with Chinese aboard. The
belief is that the aliens are trans
fCrring to sea going vessels TO be
landed later at Texas ports. The
representatives of the United States
are seeking to arrange with inspect
OrS at Mexican ports TO work with
them in suppTesSing the traffic.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1909-04-13
DEPUTY KILLS
MAN On STREETS
Of MARIANNE
". White Shot and Almost
Instantly Killed DR.. S. B.
Alexandria, a Dentist
Special to The Journal.

Mariana. April 12.-Deputy Sheriff
J. Y. White shot and almost instantly
killed Dr. \ 3. Alexandria, dentist
on the principal street of the city TO-
night. the shooting taking place short
" before 10 o'clock
It is stated. though not authorI,a-
lively. that the dentist had made
some remark about or TO a member
of the deputy sheriff's family.
DR. Alexandria had been here for
some time. though many of his rela-
tiyes reside elsewhere.