Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1909-09-24

best spray to use at all times Is a very
hne mist, that will Goat through the
trees like fog, applied under a pres.
sure OF 1875 to $50 pounds to the
square inch. The o-chardist who notes
carefully the character of the various
insects and fungous enemies which
attack the apple crop. and studies
the effect of different methods of ap
plying spray mixtures, may vary this
arbitrary recommendation to good ad
vantage. Dormant tree sprays may
be applied under very high pressures,
as much as 200 pounds to the inch
being an advantage. Applications of
Bordeaux-Paris green mixture should
be made at pressures of not over 125
pounds per square inch. When thrown
with greater force, the small particles
OF gritty matter which Bordeaux mix
ture contains cannot fail to injure to
some extent the skin of the apples
and the foliage on the tree. The writer
believes that, II Bordeaux mixture be
applied alone, 100 pounds pressure is
sufficient to secure fine misty spray
that will fall softly on the leaves and
fruits, giving an even coating of Bor
deaux, that the spray will not run to-
gether into drops as quickly as 1t
would II the particles were driven to-
gether By higher pressure. Arsen-
ate of lead applied alone for the first
brood of the cooling moth, should be
put on under high pressure, the high
er the better up to 200 pounds. At
this high pressure, the poison
Will be driven through the ru-
diments of the stamen deep in
to the calyx cups of the young apples.
Paris green applied with smaE
quantity of line and very carefully
strained through fine sieve might
also be applied at a high pressure,
perhaps $50 to IFS pounds per square
inch, though the gritty particles Of
lime would endanger the skin of the
apples and the foliage to some extent
Following the spraying for the first
brood of cooling moth. it may not be
necessary or advisable to make any
applications at pressures higher than
10 bounds. In deciding on the char
acter of his spray, the grower must
also take into consideration the dense.
ness of the foliage, the height of the
trees, and the distances to which the
spray must be thrown.
II Is customary to advise spraying
until the surfaces of the leaves are
coated with spray in the form of very
fine drops, disseminating the operation
just before the drops begin to run to-
gether and dripping from the foliage
commences. In practice it is difficult
to attain this ideal completely, but
the more nearly 1t can be approached
the better. Yet for the careful and
observant orchardist, variations from
this treatment may be an advantage.
In spraying dormant trees for San
Jose scale, 1t is almost impossible to
coat every twig and fork in the tree
with lime-sulphur solution, unless the
operation Is continued until there is
more or less dripping from the trees
When to Spray.-The most effective
spraying is preventive spraying. II
the foliage and fruit be thoroughly
coated with poison or fungicide before
the first chewing insect or the first
fungus spore light uron them, the
insect will be destroyed at its first
meal and the first funaous infection
fungous diseases have become plenti.
full both are more difficult to control.
They multiply more and ever more
rapidly. More of them will find unpro-
tected spots on the foliage and fruit
and secure not only one meal but
several, if they be insects, or obtain
foot-hold from which to grow and
spread, if they be fungi. The orchard
list may, therefore, accept the follow
ing as the first principle in regard to
time of spraying: Spray to coat the
foliage, twigs or fruit with poison or
fungicide just before an attack by
chewing insects or fungous diseases
Is expected.
Spraying has been found so uni
versally profitable that it seems
scarcely worth while to discuss its
benefits. The ever increasing army
OF insect and fungous pests requires
ever increasing vigilance and persist
ence in the application Of preventive
and remedial measures. The enormous
increase in the area being planted
with apple trees throughout every i'm
portant apple growing region In the
United States Is res; In an In.
creasing production of this crop. The
public taste is becoming more and
more discriminating AS q result Of
these factors In the orcharding busi
ness, the possibility of disposlng of a
poor grade Of fruit is decreasing, at
the same time that the actual amount
Of insect and fungous injured fruit
is increasing. These self-same condi
tons, however, create the opportunity
TO make large profits by producing a
high grade of fruit A first-class
grade Of apples cannot be grown in a
region such as Illinois, where insect
and fungous pests are very prevalent
unless special precautions are taken
to guard against them. Illinois pro-
dLces certain varieties of apples Of
unsurpassed flavor and market value,
when free from imperfections caused