davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
Intensive Agriculture.

Intensive agriculture always follows
in the wake of scientific methods,
which involve more thorough tillage.
Every inch of ground is employed to
best advantage, SO that a ten acre
farm will often yield as much as so
acres did before, and with less eff
fort. Irrigation has intensified farm
ing tremendously. 1t has ushered in
the era of small farms-closer neigh,
bors = rural society - and better
homes. 1t eliminates chance in agri.
culture. While rainfall is uncertain
irrigation applies water to each crop
exactly when it is needed-to produce
best results. 1t is scientific opera
ton. But the value of irrigation is
not fully understood until we consider
the tremendous acreage and fertility
of arid soil-needing but the magic
touch OF water to bring forth Law.
ishly. ~.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
PROTECT THE BIRDS.

William butcher. president of the
American Audubon society, estimates
that birds save American farmers al
nually 200,000.000 in the destruction
of harmful insects and noxious weeds
He further computes that the savings
would amount to $3S,000,000 more if
that old harridan of tyrant, Fashion
did not decree that milliners shall or
nament women's hats with the plum
age of many of the most valuable of
the feathered tribe. Scientists have
estimated that human life on our plan
ct long since would have been extinct
as consequence of the destruction OF
vegetable life If birds had not come to
the rescue and made perpetual and re-
lentless war on insect life. says the
Cincinnati Enquirer In this good year
1909 the joint worm Is playing havoc
with the wheat crop of central Ohio,
and that could not have been II The
men and boys of Ohio had not Levied
constant war on the farmers best
friends, the birds of the field, the or
chard and the forest. Every bluebird
is annually worth to the farmer triple
its weight in silver, and every wren is
annually worth to the gardener its
weight in gold. The sapsucker is in
valuable to the fruit grower, and the
woodpecker does yeoman service in
the cause of rich harvest.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
Moisture ca,s.-sz.s,...

While the cf01s--yz-oen 81 ies GsOi.s-
ture is 81 important thtsiGr n Z eF
no means al II Z celr zrss al glsany
vital things 10 - carefully sssz.stq..-
cred if We are TO rssca 15s high HnE.
OF yield in all aslds tAas ror seems
possible.
While we do not wish TO CONVEX
the idea that our system Is so elabor.
ate and full of details that the aver
age farmer cannot grasp !. in tts en-
tirety, for it is not. says CampoeIIss
Scientific Farmer Yet there are so
many details. eve4s one Of which
must be fully understood. that i, is
entirely out of the question to cover
the field as We nov understand it in
SO short space. We can only deal
with the main or fundamental princi-
pies.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
DRY FARMING is NOT NEW.
Has Long Passed the Experimental
Stage and Shows Astorish-
ing Possibilities.

The last word in agriculture, and
Some idea of the significance o; ,hs
new science was shown by the recent
congress OF dry farmers AT Cheyenne.
which shs attended by about eco
delegates. including several sroui fer,
eign countries. Few OF these msn ara
theorists Almost all are practical
tiilers OF the soil. some on al sStsa-
sive scale
The object was 10 discuss methods.
and in this they had the adYaptsss OF
advice from fellow farmers ara rem
government experts. The dry ta-rs-
ess have set out TO conquer the arid
ity OF the western plains, &sG .aey
feel certain that many wll,0a scres
which have not been considered .,
fit residences for coyotes arg ucs qRl1s
susceptible OF cultivation 5u, c14y w
become the stock tagtsulus sscgh9a q
the country.
There is nothing rev AEON. .ne
basic principles OF dry farming Z.
was practiced by the arcisrs t,sye,
tians and Aztecs /. cuusiscs u epG.
serving in the son such G&.4-sl ues,
ture as falls. small though ,g nay De-
and by following ore-hGE me 'aaQ n
alternate years raise RE Greg wisa
two years moisture TIE eCr<srY4t.cR
is done by maintaining r4ver;e,.
dust mulch which e-sass nv caps
larity of the sun : -3yiS vii snts rrIDtS-
ture underneath D-v farming 1as
long passed the sSpeEi-n sncal sage
and the exhibit Of grain. Sa-ase. vss,s-
tables and fruits raised ey THIS glss:s
made ct Cheyenne #srs asloa sh1es
in SD. and quality
When II IS Known mat 3areas chs
last five years u Colac&to 4lacg To-
100000 acres q arid lands have beer
put under dry farming 10 tie ere-sa-
dous enrichment Of ne state. II vii
be seen what possibilities there are in
the new science Of Agriculture
The eyes OF the whole world s-s
now upon these dry lands o. western
America Australia. South Africa,
Russia, Asia AMI South America each
have hundreds OF millions OF arid
plains upon which the rainfall Is so
far below normal that they ars use
less for agriculture by the ordinary
methods OF farming Their delegates
have gone home full OF the American
idea, which promises to change the
face of nature ali over the globe.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24

Now they are saying that ex-Presi.
dent Reyes of Colombia, who cabled
his resignation from Europe. "salted
down" SIS, 100000, and his countrymon
are asking where he got 1t and how
they can oblige him to give 1t up. But
these may be merely malicious mis-
representations. Castro. who left
Venezuela for venezuela's good, in the
opinion OF great many persons. was
credited with fabulous riches. But ac-
.cording to later developments his pos.
sessions shrank to comparatively
little measure.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24

As Was expected, the cotton crop Of
1908 was larger than the spectators
for rise pretended, says the st. Louis
Globe Democrat. 1t amounted to 49,
6S7 900 bales, SO the bureau OF the CEN
sus says, or 2.212,00O more than that
Of 1907. Only twice-in 1904 and in
1906-was the yield greater than that
OF 1908. The crop of 1904, which broke
all the records, was little below the
$4,000. 000-bale mark. AS, at present
prices, cotton is highly profitable
crop. the presumption is that the acre,
age of 1909 is up at high figures.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
The Homemade sprayer Complete.

The Homemade sprayer Complete.
up the piston to the handle of the
pump so as to get full stroke. AS
only small amount of liquid is
needed in spraying, the object of this
reduction of cylinder is to lessen the
flow and Increase the pressure. The
reduction of three to two halves the
flow and doubles the pressure. Mount
the pump on the barrel and the barrel
on the riding cultivator frame. Make
an agitator as follows: In the bar.
rel, near the bottom, on the end or
head of the same, hang with a T.
hinge board made of oak 1x6x2 feet
to swing up and down. Connect the
board with the pump plunger by
steel rod so that it will swing up and
down with the stroke. The steel rod
should enter the barrel through an
opening made to pour in the liquid.
use this machine to spray my hen
house with lime and coal oil at the
rate of 100 square feet per minute.
1t makes a good job at whitewash-
ing as well and is death to bugs and
microbes on my fruit trees.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24

St Petersburg reports that the pres
ence of cholera is initiating seriously
against summer tourist travel This
ought to be reassuring to all Europe.
When people wisely stay away from
centers of disease there will be less
likelihood that the germs will be scat
tered all over the continent If st. Pc
tersburg cares for the traffic she has
lost temporarily she should hasten her
sanitation and also increase effort to
stamp out the cholera. The drinking
water there is contaminated. and every
tourist who goes to the Russian CAPT.
tai takes a risk every time he drinks
water that has not been boiled.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
CARE OF VEGETABLE, SEEDS
Should Be Cut and Gathered Early in
Morning: While the Dew ts
Stiri on. &'s.i =.

Seeds Of parsnips, carrots, onions
and satisfy should be gathered when
the seeds are fully ripe, says writer.
lin the. Baltimore American. Cut the
seed heads early in. the morning, when
the devils on; the seeds will rot scat.
ter OUT. place on canvas sheets and
expose to the sun for few days to,
dry out. Only the largest and fully
developed heads should be gathered,
as these heads will always have the;
heaviest and choicest seed. The seeds
should not be allowed to get wet.
Place the sheets containing the seeds
in room free from mice for few
weeks to harden before putting in
paper sacks.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
SHEEP NOTES.

Always have plenty of fresh, clean
drinking water handy.
The successful shepherd is the one
that carefully cares for the little
things.
One Of the very best feeds for ewes
with lambs is oats and wheat bran
mixed.
Sheep have excellent digestion and
hence they utilize food to the greatest
degree.
Keep the floor of the sheep quar-
tiers dry, and to this end use plenty
of bedding.
If sheep are not kept constantly in
good condition the quality of the wool
is affected.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
Spray for Celery.

Celery blight can be controlled by
spraying with ammonical carbonate
of copper. To make this dissolve
three ounces of copper carbonate. in
pint of ammonia, and add rs gallons
of water. To make copper carbonate,
dissolve five pounds copper sulphate
(blue vitrioD in Ave gallons Of wa
ter, also six pounds carbonate of soda
in five gallons of water. Mix the two
solutions slowly, stirring well. Let
the mixture stand until next day to
settle, after which pour OF the liquid.
Pour on ten gallons Of water, let stand
until next day, and repeat the opera.
ton after which strain and dry the
blue powder, which is the copper car.
Donate.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
ORCHARD NOTES.

Keep the tree, like the animal, that
proves itself.
1t is said that alfalfa is injurious
as an orchard sown crop.
If you plant your young orchard in
garden crops, ETC., don't fail to fer.
tilize them.
What's the use OF buying trees if
you are going to allow the horses and
cows to destroy them?
Barnyard manure, cotton seed meal
and acid phosphates are excellent fer
ulizers for Irish potatoes.
1t is said that success with apples
in ATTITUDES below Red river is a, mat
ter of variety. soil moisture and plant
food only, ..zf
1t requires some ingenuity to bring
tender. young plants through their
first three weeks OF, existence when
the sun is hitting them at about 100
degrees-but it pays. "i.'
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24

The broWn-tail moth; female moth
above male moth below, Iarva or cater.
pillar at right, slightly enlarged.
short brown hairs in addition to the
long ones.
The full-grown. larva changes to a
pupa within a cocoon which it pre-
viously makes with silk and leaves
These cocoons may be in groups OF
singly in some secluded spots or al
the tips of branches of trees on
which they have fed. The cocoon is
SO loosely made that the pupa may be
seen through it.
The moths of both sexes are pure
white with the exception of the aldo
men, which is dark brown. The tip
of the abdomen of both sexes, more
pronounced in the female. bears a
small tuft of brown hairs, from which
the insect gets it's name The female
moth has an expanse of about one and
one-half inches while the male is
somewhat smaller. The moths are
strong fliers and are readily attracted
to lights.
In addition to the severe injury that
this pest will do to fruit, shade and
forest trees, and the consequent cost
of fighting it, there is another feature
connected with it's presence that is
very troublesome, if not alarming,
that is. danger to the health of
people.
The larva or caterpillar bears tiny|
hairs which are barbed and when the|
insect molts these hairs are she'd
with the skin. Upon drying, these
skins and hairs float about in the air
and are a source of constant trouble
to persons living in an infested dis
trict. When the caterpillars skins, or
even loose hairs, come in contact with
the skin they cause severe irrita1
ton. A large part of the popular
feeling in New England that the
brown-tail moth must be exterminated
is due quite as much to the preva-
lence and annoyance of this rash as
to-. the loss of vegetation from the
work of the caterpillar.
With this pest undoubtedly the
easiest and practically the only effec-
tive means of artificial control where
established is by cutting off the over,
wintering nests during the late fall,
winter or early spring and destroying
the tiny larvae within. This, of course,
can be supplemented by spraying with
an arsenical mixture, when the larvae
appear on the foliage in spring.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
Let Autos DRAG Roads,

An autoist in Missouri suggests that
the owners of automobiles be given
the privilege of dragging the roads.
Surely we farmers would not object
to this. 1t is a good idea, for most
any automobile can pull log drag
as well as team and they can do the
work so much quicker. This is a good
suggestion for the lawmakers and
we hope there will be law before
long providing for the dragging of
roads by automobile power. Let them
get busy in good cause.-American
Agriculturist.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
Improbable Weeds

Most farmers know that it is not
profitable to raise weeds II is I'm.
derstood that they take food that be-
longs to other plants, use as much wa.
ter and, in many instances, shade the
plants. There is an attempt being
made BY the department of agricul-
ture to prove whether weeds are poi
sonous to cultivated plants or not. So
far as the department has gone. the
results indicate that some weeds are
poisonous and may work more in.
jury to crops By poisoning than by alb
sorbing moisture and fertility from
them.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24

Baby carriages, along with other We
hicles, must carry red lights at the
rear, In accordance with the speed
laws Of Los Angeles. This is the FIRST
given anywhere OF the dan.
ger to the public from baby carriages.
aside from their painful. though rot
perilous. practice Of rolling over feel
sngs and toes on the sidewalk.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
silo the Corn crop.

The blades and stalks Of the corn
crop alone contain As per cent of the
nutritive value of the entire crop, is
what we wrote for the Farmer of last
week, page 4, and not five per cent. !"
as it was printed. We have called at
tention to this fact several times in
order to prompt farmers to silo their
corn crop when they have live stock
to feed, as As per cent. is too great to
allow to go to waste.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
Te.tina the Weil.

Before going down into well test
the purity of the air by lowering a
lighted candle or lantern. If the light
burns dimly or goes out the poisonous
carbonic acid gas "damps" can be
driven out by lighting a quantity of
turpentine and rags in kettle and
lowering to the surface of the water.
and then later pour several bucketfuls
OF water into the well from the top.
Test again with the lantern and note
the improvement
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
Planting Alfalfa.

In order to obtain a deeper soil,
more amenable to intensive cultiva-
ton, some have tried planting alfalfa
The results obtained have been sur
prising in the success which attended
the experiments. The clovers and 9TH
er fibrous rooted plants have the same
effect in loosening the soil and max
ing 1t finer and more tillable. Aud
every one knows that when corn fol.
lows alfalfa, there is well defined
increase In the corn crop over land
which has not had the plant grown
upon 1t.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24

The English prime minister. in
speaking on the possible invasion OF
England, the national bugaboo Just
now, gave the house of commons the
gloomy information that II once Bri-
Itannia ceased to rule the waves. some
body else would boss her. II this does
not produce adequate appropriations
for national defenses. other appeals
are useless.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
Feed for pioe

Well bred or even good grade pigs
should weigh so to 80 pounds when
weaned at three months Of age, and
should then go on alfalfa, clover or
other fresh green pasture and have
corn twice day. Late in the sum-
mer there should be ready for them
a pasture Of rape. field peas, or soy
beans, besides the corn. II their teeth
become sore, change to shelled corn,
soaked "a hours in water. slightly
sailed. 800.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
HORTICULTURE.
tllgeeAa4#&1l14
'ssEESSKFss@
HARMFUL BRoWN-TAlL MOTH
In Addition to Injury II Does to the
Trees 1t Carries Disease
Germs.

There is but one generation OF the
brown-tail moth annually in New
England. The insect winters as Q
tiny larva or caterpillar within a
web or nest made of silk and leaves
woven together tightly. The nests
will vary in size usually from three
TO four inches in length and will con-
tain 200 or more caterpillars.
These nests are securely attached
to the tips Of trees or plants on which
the caterpillars were working before
Information.
In early spring, as soon as the buds
Of fruit and shade trees appear, ac-
cording to Howard. these one-fourth
grown caterpillars emerge from their
winter quarters, and Immediately COM
mence feeding upon the buds and
blossoms and later the foliage. The
young caterpillar is of blackish
color and covered with very small
hairs. The full-grown larva is about
two inches long, reddish brown in
color, with broken white stripe on
each side and two red dots in the
back near the hind end. The body
is covered with numerous tubercles
bearing long barbed hairs. The tuber-
cles along the back and sides of the
abdomen are thickly covered with
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
Cow Is Neulected.

No animal on the farm is drawn
upon SO gseatly and gets SO little for
what she has to do as the COW. We
demand Of her that she give milk
enough to make profit; that she pro.
duce healthy, vigorous calf and that
she support herself in good health.
No wonder the Hindoos considered
her as one of heavens most precious
gifts to men.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
Beneficial Cultivation.

1t y by some considered that is
inches OF water Is sufficient to mature
crops. This ts probably true if. the
water can all be made available for
beneficial use But in sections which
receive annually twice Is inches crops
are sometimes cut short for lack of
moisture. Cultivation OF the moisture
is the best insurance that can be
taken on crops in almost any agricul.
tural region.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24

Biz orders for steel. notably for the
|kinds used / In structural WORK. con.
ltinue 70 pour IN. this being one of
he most marked indications Of the
co,ttinuous performance in industrial
ACTIVITY.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
Gathering Er:t.

Fruit should be gathered with the
same care that melons are plucked
from the vines. Leave all unr'ne fruit.
to be gathered later even if this does
.necessitate going over the tree again.
! This will cause the late crop to in.
crease in size aDG flavor.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24

"A man In Brooklyn. bitten by dog,
worried himself to death, although
lphysicians assured him he had no
signs Of the dreaded disease. This In.
Stance shows how dangerous are the
,senseless panics and "mad-dog' scares
which come about regularly every
summer.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
HOMEMADE SPRAY OUTFIT
Suitable One Can Be Put Together
In One Day by Any Workman Who
Is Handy with Tools.

The spray pump described below
cost me $11. One of standard make
and not so powerful was priced at
$45. Any ordinary workman who is
handy with tools could put my sprayer
together In day. 1t has proven so
valuable to me that l wish to make it
known to everybody, says Charles A.
,Vanoselle. in Scientific American.
1T was assembled from the following:
A riding cultivator frame, pole and
wheels (old scrap iron), a good coal
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24

The Simplined Spelling society has
held IL third annual meeting. AS a
reminder to 3 forgetful public that the
society Ii still In existence. the meet
5ing appears to be qualified success.
Otherwise the public is still spelling
The same old way.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
Spray the Trees,

Turn over new leaf and spray the.
non-bearing trees this year. It, was
more scab than drouth that prevented
fruit buds last year-the one. supple
mented the. other. 1t takes grit, grace
and greenbacks to do this. Trees with
no fruit on them need only to be
sprayed with the Bordeaux mixture.
but If bag worm, tussock moth or tent
caterpillar be present then add an
arsenical poison.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
clean lin Fence Row.

Use the moving machine for clean.
ing up fence rows both in the field
and along the roadside. Weeds and
other undesirable growth take up val.
liable room, prevent nutritious grasses
from growing, and their seeds scat.
ter over the land. Cut them before
they go to seed.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
Corn Cultivation.

Break the crust after each rain in
the corn field, even after the corn
has been cultivated the last time. A
two-horse cultiyator can be worked
In the corn field when the corn is al
most as high as the horses backs, ii
the work is done In the afternoon.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
Grit and Lime for CHICKEN.

Irtt ana IVme TOT ChtckenS.
It Is we'll to keep grit and lime
within reach of the chickens all the
time. 1t is true that in country
like ours, they can gather plenty Of
srit from the fields. but it is q mat
ter OF convenience to keep it about
the house where the hens can get
at IT.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
Thresh Wheat and oats.

Arrange to thresh wheat and oats
Just as soon as possible after harvest.
The longer they are allowed to stand
in the held the more they will waste.
It Is poor business management to
grow grain crops and allow them to
spoil or depreciate in the field.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-24
Cut Weeds In cnrn

It is q good plan to go over the field
of corn after cultivation is done and
cut out stray weeds that escaped the
cultivator. A good hand can make
from s. to $40 a day killing these
big weeds in corn with corn at the
present high price.