davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
Do Roots Poison the Soil?

No one knows so we'll as the prac-
tical farmer how rapidly a naturally
fertile soil may be exhausted by cul-
tivation. In this country, the tobacco
lands of Virginia afford an example
of this rapid decline In fertility. The
abandoned New England farms, too,
help to illustrate the effects produced
by the constant cultivation of the
same fields. Land that once yielded
crops as If by magic now requires an
artificial preparation before 1t will
reward the farmer for his strenuous
labor in the field.
Sir Oliver Lodge, the eminent Eng
lish scientist, is reported to have ex-
pressed his belief in the theory of
the poisoning of the cultivated lands
of the world. The advocates of this
theory believe that the systematic ro-
tation of crops is needless. They be-
lieve that 1t Is impossible to exhaust
the ground by crop, as the food sup
plies in the soil are too great to adj
NIT of such a result. Other causes,
therefore, must underlie the failure
of crop to what was once fertile
soil, and, according to the believers
in the theory, this failure is due to
root poisoning. According to the
poisoning theory crop does not do
so well when it Immediately succeeds
another of the same sort because it
excretes an active poison which is de-
structive of its own germs. Artifi-
cial measures :e recommended not
so much as food for the plant as a
remedy against these root poisons.
Very thorough investigation has,
however, recently been carried out at
Rothamsted, perhaps the most scien-
tific farm in the world, which tends
to show that adherents of the poison
ing theory have not yet succeeded in
fully proving their case. If this the
ory be true, manure, In the true
sense, will no longer be necessary, but
something to destroy the poisons ex-
creted by the plants will serve more
useful purpose. AS the root poison
is admitted to exist in small quanti-
ties only, the treatment of land by
any new process looking to this end
should be much cheaper than under
the present system of fertilization
Philadelphia Record.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
Beets For Stock.

Beets and mangels are greatly rec
commended by seedsmen. We raised
some mangels some few years ago;
the stock liked them only fairly we'll.
We never raised any more until last
season, when we conceived the idea
to raise some of the half sugar, stock
beets, to try, our main object being
to have them for our brood sows
when pumpkins gave out.
We planted these in rows about
thirty inches apart for conveniences
in cultivating. We worked the soil,
which was naturally rich, into very
good shape; as we had no seed drill
we drilled them in by hand and COW
cred shallow by hand.
The first cultivation was tedious
with hoe and fingers but they grew
fast, and made fine lot of beets for
the small patch we had in. The sea-
son though was so dry they probably
only got half size; after two or three
sharp freezes we pulled them out and
''ricked" them up on a naturally we'll
drained spot, covered with a layer of
straw, then dirt; we opened one end
q few days back and they are in fine
shape. The horses and sows went for
them in grand style. We never tried
the other stock on them. l believe
they will prove profitable. Abraham
Bros, in the Indiana Farmer.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
HOW TO GROW BEANS.

Everyone wants snaps, but most
farmers content themselves with one
planting. The Refugee bean is best
for early planting, as 1t is little
more hardy than others. Later, plant
Valentine. Plant just enough for
temporary supply, and as soon as
those are we'll up, plant more and
keep this up till September. Then.
If you have lot Of green pods when
frost threatens, gather them and put
them in stone jars in strong brine,
and you can take them out all win
ter and soak over night in fresh water
and they are just as good next day as
fresh ones, and you can have them
all winter.
Plant Lima beans in rows like
snaps and gather the green beans as
fast as ready. Do not let them ripen
for they will stop bearing. but If
regularly gathered as fast as ready,
they will bear all summer Any sur
plus of green beans can be dried for
winter use and will be better than
ripe ones.-Farmers Home Journal.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
Potato or Hill Onion.

This onion is becoming more of a
favorite each year because of its abil-
tty to withstand the severe colds of
the winter, and its freedom from the
ravages of the "onion maggot." Sets
planted in the fall produce market
able bulbs in late June or early July,
just at the time the market Is bare
of fresh stock, and therefore bring a
desirable price. The large bulbs
planted in the spring make sets by
the fall, thus making it necessary for
the onion grower to save mature
bulbs for spring planting, in order
to keep up his supply of sets. The
matured bulbs should be stored in
thin layers in a dry, well ventilated
place.-Farmers' Home Journal.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09

Voo In three-Quarter length and also
includes the fashionable Dutch col
lar. In the illustration 1t is shown
made Of handkerchief linen with COL
lar and sleeves embroidered, but 1t
will be found available for any sea-
sonable material that is thin enough
to be tucked successfully, and it is
equally desirable for the separate
blouse and the entire gown.
The blouse is made with fronts
and back. 1t is tucked in extremely
becoming lines and the closing is
made with buttons and buttonholes
at the left of the front. The Dutch
collar finishes the neck. The long
sleeves are made in one piece and fit
the arms exceptionally we'll, but the
three-quarter sleeves are slightly full
and are gathered into straight
cuffs.
The quantity of material required
for the medium size is four and sew
en-eighth yards twenty-one or twen-
ty-four. three and one-fourth yards
thirty-two or two and five-eighth
yards foDty-four inches wide to make
with long sleeves; three and seven
eighth yards twenty-one or twenty
four, two and seven-eighth yards
thirty-two or two and one-eighth
yards forty-four to make with three
quarter sleeves.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
BUTTER FAT SUBSTITUTES

At the Nebraska station tests have
been made to determine whether or
notscorn oil could be substituted for
the fat removed in skimming the
milk, but unsatisfactory results were
secured.
1t is always well to teach the calf
to eat hay and grain as soon as possi-
BILE. With the dairy calf this grain
mixture should consist of equal parts
of cornmeal, wheat bran and linseed
meal. The calf should not be per-
mitted to become fat, but should be
maintained in thrifty, growing con-
dition. A handful of the mixture
placed in the feed trough before the
calf will soon get 1t in the habit of
nibbling at the grain and from then
on 1t will eat more and more each
day.-Weekly Witness.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
Misses Seven Gored Skirt.

The skirt that includes pleated side
panels Is one of the very latest that
has appeared and 1t Is exceedingly
graceful and satisfactory from every
point of view. There Is still the
close fit over the hips, while COM
Portable flare is provided at the lower
edge and consequently greater grace
In walking. This model Is adapted
to the suit, to the separate skirt and
to the entire dress and to every sea-
sonable material that is heavy
enough to be made In SO simple q
style.
The skirt is made In seven cores.
The side-front cores are Tapped over
the side-back cores above the panels
and the closing is made invisibly at
the left side. The panels are pleated
and Joined to the turned under edges
of the cores, which completely con-
ceal the seams.
The quantity of material required
for the sixteen year size is seven and
one-fourth yards twenty-four or
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
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they are dried and warmed at the
start. But pig that is dry, warm
and fed can stand good deal of cold.
Another method that we have tried
successfully is to have tub in the
pen and have gallon jug full of hot
water in 1t, and as fast as the pigs
are dropped put them into the tub
and cover 1t over with an old horse
blanket. In an hour or two, or as
soon as they are all dried Off we'll,
put them with their mother.
The second important point that is
too often neglected is the protection
of the young pigs from injury by the
mother. To do this we nail narrow
planks around the pen, one on each
side, five or six inches from the
ground and eight or ten inches from
the wall of the pen. These planks
keep the sow from laying down
against the sides of the pen and the
pigs are not nearly so liable to be
mashed.-Indiana Farmer.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
FINANCE AND TRADE REVIEW
IMPROVEMENT EVIDENT
Gain In Optimism Manifest, There.
fore, Particularly for Dis
tant Future.

Improvement is more In evidence
this week, but irregularities In
weather and crop conditions and ebb
and flow movements In trade and in
dustry prevent definite general char.
acterization of the situation as 9
whole. House trade with jobbers and
wholesalers Is not usually active at
this season and efforts to attract bus
mess by clearance sales and liberal
advertising have not been altogether
successful. There Is further ap.
parent gain in the optimism with
which the outlook for the more dis.
tant future Is viewed, contracting,
rather sharply with some Of the re.
ports indicating backwardness Of de-
mand for immediate consumption. In
the leading industries the strength OF
demand for iron and steel in most
finished forms is notable and the rail.
ways seem to be buying more freely
The shoe and leather trades are In
better shape, due partly to the great
strength Of hides and the finished
products of sole and upper leather.
Higher prices for shoes are geing
paid. There are reports OF further
gains in demand for wooden and worst.
ed goods; yarn mills catering to this
demand are said to be running full,
and raw wool is very strong. High
prices of raw cotton are said to cur.
tain profits on goods.
Business failures in the United
States for the week ended May 81
were 2O5, against 219 last week, 263
In the like week of 1908; 142 in 1907;
III in 1906, and 16i in 1905."-Brad-
streets.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
Potatoes Under Straw.

have big pile of straw and would
like to use 1t on potatoes. Please ex-
plain how it is done. What do l do
after plowing and narrowing the
ground? A. F. S.
Plant the potatoes in pieces, cut in
the usual way, two or three eyes to
the piece, about fifteen inches apart
in rows thirty inches apart, pressing
into the ground slightly. Then cover
with straw, two or three inches deep.
If covered too deep they may rot.
If the season happens to be a wet
one there is danger of rotting even
with light covering, and here is per-
haps the principal objection to this
method. 1t is just the plan for dry
soil or dry summer.-Indiana Far
mer.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
A PLEA FOR THE LAWN.

How much more attractive the
country homes would appear If we
would see that the grass be kept
moved closely with the lawn mower,
not once or twice during the summer,
but quite frequently, say every week
or two. Country people are usually
very busy throughout the summer
and fall months, but If little special
effort were made each and every one
of us could soon get our lawns in
such condition that they would not
require great amount of time or
labor to keep them green and velvety.
But the grass should be moved fire.
quently; If not the weeds grow rapid
ly, and eventually kill it out
The well-kept lawn. with its
smooth green sod, flower bed or
two in some pretty design that meets
the fancy, few climbing vines, some
roses, lilacs and other shrubs make
even the most homely and unpreten-
tious abode take on an allurement
and attractiveness that the finest
architecture cannot give.
There is everything in environ
ment, and We owe 1t to ourselves and
to our children to surround the home
with all that Is good and true and
beautiful; and when we do. our lives
will be made much brighter and hap
pier thereby Reed Polk, in the
Indiana Farmer.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
GOOSEBERRY BUSHES.

Keep an eye on the currant and
gooseberry bushes. After the first
new leaves come, examine the bushes
daily; and the moment you see
currant worm, get busy. The SIM
plest, best remedy is solution of
one ounce of fresh white hellebore in
three gallons Of water. sprinkled or
sprayed on the bushes when the first
worms appear. Delay means disas-
ter, for these ravenous worms, left
unmolested few days, will strip
bush of all its foliage, and then of
what avail is treatment? A second
brood of the worms sometimes ap-
pears, which necessitates a second
dose of poison.-Farmers Home
Journal.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
Farm Notes.

Separate good, rich cream, then
churn it at lower temperature
Milk is used raw, while most other
food products are cooked in some
way. The very fact that milk is a
raw food should stimulate those en-
gagged in its production to the greatest
possible care.
Never put warm cream and cold
cream together. Use separate cans,
Don't say you can't afford it. You are
in the dairy business every day in
the year. If conducted properly
there is money enough in 1t to buy all
the necessary tools.
Milk may be unclean and unfit for
use from either internal or external
causes. The COW may be diseased or
the surroundings and the utensils
may be dirty. Trouble may come
from disease in the families of work.
men engaged about the premises.
Epidemics of scarlet fever have been
traced to this source.
A quart of milk is said to be equal
in nutrition to pound of beefsteak.
1t is also said to be equal to two
pounds of bread. A pound of steak
costs anywhere from ten to thirty
cents, according to the cut and the
market. Two pounds of bread cost
usually from ten to twelve cents. Why
should milk sell for less than bread
or beefsteak?
Milk and cream take up odors and
taints from unclean vessels in which
they may be placed, or from any sub
stance emitting an odor. They are
easily spoiled and made unwhole-
some for food If any dirt or filth gets
into them. or II they are covered up
tight so that the fresh air does not
get to them to remove the odors and
gases which may be forming in them.
Good butter contains from twelve
to fifteen per cent. of water. Some
butter makers try to increase the
weight by increasing the moisture
content. This method is not honest
and 1t is not good policy. Such work
Is characterized as. fraudulent. At
tempts are being made to regulate 1t
by law. In fact. some authorities
claim that the pure food law as It
now stands covers it.-From Dairy
Notes." In tho Agricultural Epito.
mist.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
CARE OF THE CHERRY:

The cherry needs but little prun-
ing, and is, in fact, easily injured by
cutting the main limbs. Such work
as is generally needed should be con-
fined to thinning the fruit spurs in
the top of the trees and the keeping
of the centre open. The outside limbs
will droop more or less and this
shows that the trunk needs shade.
The finest cherries are usually grown
on these under limbs in the deepest
shade and proves that while the
cherry delights in warm soil and
sunny slope it has a way of its own
of protecting the fruit and does not
require pruning like the peach and
apple.-Farmers Home Journal.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
To Save the Early Pigs.

At least two points are important
IN saving the early pigs that are
quite generally neglected. The first
is to keep the pigs from chilling i'm
mediately after birth. One method
which has been found effective on our
farm is to have bushel basket by a
warm fire at the house and as the
pigs are born put them into smaller
basket, cover them up warm and car
ry them to the basket at the fire. II
It IL In the night It means a whole
nights work. This Is kept up until
the SOW is through farrowing. The
pigs are kept in the basket until they
are dry and warm through and
through. and ready for something to
eat. BY this time the SOW will have
become quiet. Then they are carried
70 their mother. and see that they
~ eomething to eat. II It Is very
the sow should be In warm
Portable quarters. or else the
chill. no m4tter how well
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
The HOOfs of Animals.

The hoofs of animals are constant
1y growing. When they walk around
on the ground the sand, stones and
other hard surfaces wear the hoofs
away enough to keep them in normal
condition, but stabling cattle with
other animals and keeping them for
months on soft straw gives the hoofs
an opportunity to grow because they
get very little wear. 1t is often nee
essary to give them attention with a
pairing outfit along this time of the
year r-Epitomist.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
Gasoline Engine,

What do you know about the prac-
tical working of the gasoline engine
for plowing and seeding operations? :?
Some farmers seem to think 1t is the
coming plan on large farms. Exper-
tments have been tried for complet-
Ing the operation of plowing, harrow
Ing and seeding at one operation by
hitching the different implements be-
hind the gasoline engine. We would
like to have photographs and de-
scription of such outfits. - Epito-
mist.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
SEA KALE PROFITABLE.

Sea kale should be in ev.y garden
and would be good money-maker
for our commercial growers. Seed
sown in the spring makes plants that
will yield the next year and a patch
handled like asparagus is good for
many years to come. 1t actually
pushes up the ground in slabs after
the last freeze in spring. The
bleached stalks are prepared and
eaten like asparagus.-H. B. Fuller
ton, Experiment Station, Huntington,
L. |.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
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A1dRTlC CUETURAES&
ls.s3
LIME FOR BEETLES.

Flea-beetles have in recent years
been very destructive to young cab
bage, radish and turnip plants. To-
bacco dust, applied freely, will usual
ly drive the pest away. Plaster flaw
ored with Paris green, or slug-shot,
will also help in most cases. Lime
freely applied will dispose of the
radish, cabbage and onion maggot.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
Something to Do.

Don't allow your breeders to stand
around huddled up In corner of the
hen house If you want fertile eggs.
Give them something to do. Make
them hunt their food in the litter. An
active hens is worth dozen inactive
ones in the breeding pen.-Farmers
Home Journal.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
Fabric Shoe Favored.

The new fabric shoe is one of the
most attractive of the new footwear.
The shoes are shown in all the popu-
lar shades of cravenetted cloth, with
the flowers of the same color, but
satin striped. No more luxurious
shoe could be imagined.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
Point d'Esprit Wells.

The new lace veils are decidedly
becUming. Their foundation Is best
described as a point d'esprit, the net
quite fine and the spots, which are
very close together, mere pin dots
These are bordered on three sides
with lace four inches deep woven In
the veil. They come in all colors.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
A Braided Corday.

A Corday In fine hair braid.
trimmed solely with twis. Of black
tulle drawn through an immense jet
buckle, taking almost all tn, front Of
the hat, was striking model.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
Ottoman Silk Frocks.

The heavy ribbed silk that used to
be called bengaline and is now called
Ottoman, and which came into fash
ion last season, is out in a new and
softer weave for afternoon frocks.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09
A Touch of Color.

A pretty touch Of color Is intro
duced into the pongee gown by means
Of the Persian nets.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09

The latest storm doors for large
business places are revolved by elec-
trio motors.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1909-06-09

Glossy Surface.
Ribbons like dress materials have
a satiny, glossy surface.
Los Angeles herald., 1909-10-09
Among the Boxers

Next Tuesday evening will be me-
morable date for Danny webster, Tor
he has the chance of lifetime to gam
the championship of the bantam class
of fighters, and he has long sought this
opportunity Webster has made the
concession of getting down TO 10
pounds for Attell, and If he can be
strong at the figure he expects to have
a great chance to annex the title and
the gold belt which T. ]. McCarey has
offered for the bantamweight cham
pionship, and which now is being MADE
for the coming event.
Webster has cleaned UP all of the
bows at the bantam limit in Los An
geIes, and for the past six months he
has been trying to get a match with
Monte Attell. While the mark which
Danny is to make requires great sacrl-
fee on his part he feels sure that he
can be strong at the figure. and if con-
fidence counts for anything Danny al
ready has the title for himself.
Attell has made such a good showing
I'm San Francisco during the last six
months that he appears to the fans up
north to be invincible in his class, and
he will have a big following in his COM
ing scrap with Webster. The odds are
in favor of Attell, 10 to being the pre-
yailing figure in yesterdays betting.
"A
ing yesterday, and in the afternoon he
worked out at Doyle's camp, punching
the bag skipping the rope and boxing
seven rounds. He used for sparring
partners Freddie Corbett, Manuel
Torres and jeff Boyd. Monte showed
up fast in his mitt exercise and he
kept his opponents hustling all the
time TO keep out of the way of his well
directed blows.
ut % CT dfa hfo
road stunt in the forenoon, and later he
appeared before a good-sized crowd in
the gym of the Eastside Athletic club.
He used all the apparatus in the room
and then boxed eight fast rounds with
Harry Baker. Danny was down to
1851 and will have no difficulty in
reaching the limit by o'clock Tuesday,
when the weighing-in will be done at
the office of the Pacific Athletic club
in the Wilson building.
Hobo Dougherty and Kid Rees in a
ten-round bout will be one of the in
teresting >parts of the program Tues
day evening. These boys put up such a
good article of hsticuffs at the last
show of the club that the fans have
been desirous Of seeing them in a long
er contest, and ten sessions will give
each a chance to show just how good
he is, as they have been training to the
limit and will be fit to go the route at
fast gait.
Gene McGovern and Frank Harris
are training at Venice for their respec-
tive goes with Billy Cappelle and Kid
Barnes. McGovern will be seen for the
first time in Los Angeles, and, while
modest himself, he comes heralded as
one of the swlftest little lads in the
Cream City of the middle west. Harris
also has some reputation as a tough
puncher, and the local boys will have
to go some to hold up the supremacy
OF the coast.