The news=record. [volume] (Enterprise, Wallowa County, Oregon) 1907-1910, 1909-03-13

"A the legumes. The soil is to the
farmer what a stock of goods
is to a merchant. He cannIt keep
drawing on it forever without putting
something back. Ordinary crops take
plant food from the store in the soil
This must be replaced in some way
Legumes. on the other hand, leave the
soil richer rather than poorer
II you will examine the roots of
clover plant carefully you will notice
numerous little sN.ellings about the
size of ri heads or a little larger
These are called nodules and are tbs
home Of certain bacteria These hoc
leria are minute one celed plants,
small that thousands of them can hans
on the point of pin. We sLall study
some of the different classes of bac.
terra in detail later. The ones thai
live on the roots of legumes have the
power of changing the Nitrogen Of the
air into form in which it can be used
by the plants.
When clover stubble is plowed under
the nitrogen which is contained in the
stems and roots is added to the soil
and can be used by the following crop.
Where the soil is badly lacking in
nitrogen and humus it sometimes pays
to plow under the entire crop of clover.
The nitrogen which leguminous
plants add to the soil Is by no means
the only benefit which comes from
thafr Nnnrlx, oil nf lar
long taproot, which forces its way
down into the soil far below the depth
reached by the roots Of ordinary crops.
Alfalfa roots sometimes go down as
deep as thirty feet or more. Much of
the plant food used by the crop is
brought up from this lower layer of
soil, and some of 1t is left in the upper
soil when the roots and stubble decay.
The passage of the long roots through
the soil also loosens it, and when they
decay add to the humus supply. Thus
the physical condition Of the soil is SO
improved that the more tender roots
of such crops as corn can penetrate
1t readily. Because Of these facts
corn, potatoes and almost any other
crop will grow faster and give a con.
siderably larger yield on field which
has grown legume the year previous
The principal legumes are alfalfa
clover, cowpeas and soy beans. AL
| falfa Is grown most successfully west
| Of the Missouri river, although by nc
means confined entirely to that local
jtv If ranl1iraS tn yat a
| good stand of alfalfa. 1t does best or
a soil that is somewhat sandy and
should never be sown on q soil where
the water table is liable to stand fol
any length of time within three feet
from the surface. "Wet feet" will Kill
alfalfa quicker than anything else.
AS general rule the best time tC
sow alfalfa Is early In the fall. The
| ground should be put In the best pos
sible tilth. and If manured before SOW
Ing the seed the chances of success
are considerably increased. The seed
should be sown at the rate Of about
fifteen pounds per acre. A light har
rowing will cover 1t sufficiently L
the young plants weather the frs
winter successfully, the critical time 1.
past. The advantages of alfalfa ovel
clover are its higher feeding value ant
greater yields. 1t can often be Gu
three or four times In season, will
a yield Of from one to two tons pei
cutting. Alfalfa must always be Gu
as soon as about one-tenth Of tn,
plants are in bloom; otherwise tn,
vitality is weakened and the yield o.
the succeeding crops reduced
There are several varieties of clover
Of which medium red Is the most wide