The Intermountain Catholic. (Salt Lake City [Utah] ;) 1899-1920, 1909-08-14


ian 'ie Cardinale Padrone') had a large share in
the ceremonies as he doubtless had decided in
fuence in the nomination of those to be appointed
Cardinals, and that the red "berretta" or hat was
placed on the head of the chosen one by the Pope
himself, saying at the time, "Esto Cardinalie
thou art Cardinal" and making over him the
sign of the cross.
ELECTIN OF CARDINALS TODAY.
According to the modern ceremonial the Pope
summons Consistory, and, after delivering an APP
propriate address, asks the Cardinals their OPINION
with the customary formula, what think ye!"
Then all present, except the Pope, rise, take OFT
their scarlet "berrettas" or caps, and bow assent
whereupon the Pope proceeds to create the new
Cardinals with the words: "By the authority OF
Almighty God, of the blessed Apostles, Peter and
Paul, and of our pronounce, ETC. Ihe ap-
sent creations or appontees to the Cardlnalate re-
ceive the insignia of their rank by the hands of two
Papal messengers; one of whom Is a layman and
member of the "Noble Guard, carrying the "zuc-
Ghetto" or skull-cap, the other, ecclesastlc OF
some minor prelatic rank in the Popes household
bringing the berretta If the head OF the country
to which the messengers are sent be Cathohc, he
is authorized to place the cap drought by the Mon
signor Ablegate) upon the head of the new CaTdl-
nal the function taking place in the Royal or I'M
perial chapel; but in other countries, like England
or the United States, Bishop or an Archolshop Is
nominated by the Pope for the ceremony
The expression applied to a Cardinal of being or
having been reserved in petto, means to be created
Cardinal but for reasons known only to the Pope.
not published at once promulgated as such. 1t
is not certainly known when this practice began.
and the subject has been otter confounded with
secret or private creation chat it difficult to state
a precise time. The 'secret" creation simply
the creation of Cardinal without the customary
/ ceremonial. 1t originated-1417--wlth Pope Mar
tin V.-of the Princely Collona House probably
urged thereto by the jealousies and dangers which
still fingered after the great schlsm OF the west
was happily ended. The other Cardinals were con-
shifted and when notice was then given to the hon
ored person. who was not however, yet allowed to
assume the distinctive dress, or the station OF his
rank. In the Gin petto" appointments, only the
Pope and some confidential dignltary knew the
names of those reserved.
It is related of certain prelate (Vanozzl, who
was much esteemed by Gregory XIX. for his great
learning and faithful service, that having been
commissioned one day to take note OF the names
of few Cardinals to be created in the next Con
sistory he had the satisfaction to be ordered to
write his own name IN the list. Although bound
to secrecy, he Welded to the opportunities OF the
| Cardinal Nephew and showed him the list. This
violation of his trust coming to the Popes ears he
summoned the prelate and ordered him to erase his
own name from the paper-and that was the end
of Vanossi. The celebrated jesuit (also Cardl-
naD and the historian of the Council OF Trent,
Sporza Pallavcini, gives curious reason-one that
certainly shows how great the idea entertained
in his day, the middle of the seventeenth century,
of the Roman Cardinalate-why the epresslon
Creation of Cardinal is officially used. He says,
in the first volume of his "Hstoria," that it meant
to intimate by the word that the excellence OF the
dignity IS so exalted that all degrees of inferior
rank are as though they not; so that when the
Pope makes man Cardinal it is as If IN the
sphere of honors he called him out of non-exlstence
| into being.
! Il IL
| of the new Cardinals, the Pope performs on them
the ceremony of "Sealing of the Lips" that is to
! saw. he imposes on them the honor and obligation
of withholding their opinions until questioned AT
| +he end of the Consstory, when the Junior Cardl-
nal-deacon rings little bell, the Pope unseas their
lips by saying Gin Latin), 1--WE open your months
+bat in Consistories congregations and IN eccles-
! ;as+ical functions we may be able to speak your
| oniniop. In the name of the Father, and of the
! Son and of the Holy Ghost, Amen; making over
them. the meanwhile three times the sign OF the
! Gross. This ceremony of closing the mouth must
be very old, for 1t is mentioned IN the thrteentn
century bv Cardinal Gastani, nephew of Pope Bonl-
| fore VIII as existing before his time. BY this
ceremony il is intended to impress upon the newly
! elected cardinals the wisdom of prudence and re-
serve of speech in august assemblies of thlr order
The College of Cardinals is the seed and germ
of the Papacy, and the greatest act that one OF us
members can perform is to take part IN the eecton
! of Pope This is done In a convention called the
| uConcIave" which is subject to many regulations
whom in session. The present order OF this assem-
b T,' dates from the Pontifcate of Gregory XIV, in
G PGa1 uA When the city Of Rome not possession
- some foreign invader or terrorized by some ma
t;re ecoundre like Rienz the election of Pope
took place in the Quirnal Palace, and by secret
80 When the ballots were all in, the urn was
oorr;ad 70 chapel, called from the circumstance
Gaela Scrtini" and there the votes were count
ID ap When the election was completed the senior
Sardinaideacon. whose Office corresponds to that
If the ancient sub-deacons of the Roman church
az announced the result to the people.
III o1entors of the Pope Any foreign bishop in
oe nr,r,nnon with the Holy See who happened to be
IN Rome during vacancy in the Pontifcate was
~ TO vote for successor to the chair OF
peter, Thus when Cornelius was elected Pope III