davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24
SHEEP NOTES.

Teach the youngsters to nibble
clean hay as soon as possible.
Always provide a lamb creep, so the
toddlekins can feed undisturbed.
Keep salt always before the sheep,
young and old.
It Is a poor farmer who will feed
good grain to sustain ticks on his
sheep.
In feeding cows milk to lambs Just
dropped dilute 1t with about one-third
water.
II sheep are kept dry, it is a good
plan to mix little sulphur with the
salt occasionally.
i A great many breeders are inquir.
ing now for their pure-bred rams and
they are showing good judgment in
doing SO.
Length Of staple is often begotten
At the expense of fineness, and this
should always be avoided.
A sheep that will not yield a profit,
no matter how well bred it may be,
should have no place on the farm.
Your success will depend largely
upon the quality of the animals you
select to start with.
At this time Of the year you are
more apt to neglect your sheep than
at any other time. Guard against this
and see that they do not suffer.
DO you know that timothy hay is
not good for sheep. but that alfalfa
and clover cannot be beaten?
II the boy Is looking after the flock
teach him the first thing that sheep
are dainty and will suffer for water
rather than drink from dirty vessel.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24
LIVE STOCK NOTES.

Do the pigs squeal because they
are hungry or cold? Find out; there
is no profit in either condition.
For horses that are confined to the
stable on dry feed, hot bran mash
once or twice each week is most bene-
fetal.
In handling sheep teach them to fol-
low. The owner or caretaker should
be so familiar with his flock that it
will follow wherever he leads.
Don't let any one chase the young
lambs. 1t is all right to take them
up in the arms, but if your sheep
know you, you can do that SO gently
that no disturbance will follow.
A spirited horse will in the end be
made slow and spiritless by constant
nagging. twitching of the lines. peev-
ish urging and other wearing proc
esses that fretful drivers practise
Pigs are not well protected by ma
ture and to thrive they must have
warm winter quarters free from drafts.
They must have good range for
exercise, but they must have warm
| AuollSlo LII NAlSh " SlCCP
Don't dispose of the regular breed
| ing mare because she is getting old.
A single foal will pay her keep,
even If she does not do much work,
and she will not bring much on the
market anyway.
| Pastures are usually not what they
should be or might be on the average
farm. They should be made to pro-
duce to the utmost in forage, and
weeds not at ALL Fill the soil with
grass roots and the weeds will sue
cumb.
Top dressing the pastures and mead
ows with barnyard manure will
greatly stimulate the growth of the
grasses and add much latent fertility
for use of future grain crops. Put the
manure on the grass any time and all
the time.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24
STUDY OF DRY LAND FARMING
Government Experts Making Extensive
Investigations at Several Stations
Throughout Country.

The department of agriculture has a
corps OF experts whose entire time is
devoted to the study of dry land agri-
culture. They are not carried away by
the enthusiasm which has been mani
tested in some quarters, but they are
convinced that the experiments being
carried on under the general definition
OF dry farming, will result in the addi-
ton to the productive agricultural
area of the United States of vast
amount of territory.
The region in which these expert
ments are being made, and in which
the government is making it's investi-
cations, Is bounded on the east by the
ninety-eighth meridian; on the north
by the Canadian boundary; on the
south by the thirty-second parallel,
which comedies with the southern
boundary of New Mexico; and on the
west by an irregular line which marks
approximately the contour of the 500
foot level of altitude in the foothills
of the Rocky mountains. In this vast
territory, larger than Germany, the
government now maintains IL expert
ment stations for the investigation OF
methods Of dry land agriculture. These
are situated: One in Montana, two
in North Dakota, one in South Dakota
two in Nebraska, two in Kansas, one
in Colorado and two In Texas. Through
these stations the government is gath
Tering data which will show the mum.
Der of acres under cultivation. the
amount of rainfall in each section. the
regularity of the precipitation from
year to year, the yield per acre in vari
GUS grains, and other incidental In
formation. 1t is not believed by the
experts that It will be possible to
reach an accurate conclusion as to the
true value Of dry farming until this
data has been collected for number
of years.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24
OPEN AIR ORCHARD HEATING
How Fruit Crop Of 1909 Of Grand Val.
= ley in Colorado Was Saved
from Frost.

The 1909 crop of fruit in the Grand
Valley in Colorado, from the Pals
AIDES above to Iona below, valued at
100000, owes its existence to a
unique battle which was waged
against Jack Frost at a time when the
fruit was at it's tenderest age, says
Scientific American. BY unusual gem
eralship and the work of hundreds OF
enthusiastic volunteers the tempera-
ture in these orchards was actually
raised eight and nine degrees over ~
miles of territory and precedent was
established which will mean much to
the future.
In California it is said that the tenn
perature has been raised heretofore IN
some single orchards two or three de-
grees, but never to eight degrees, and
never before has the work been car
ried on over so great an cara. Plans
arc now on foot to have every bearing
orchard in the Grand Valley protected
by next season, not that there is any
likelihood of frost every spring in this
section, but because the protection OF
tUlS year eADGTltuCc Is
cheap insurance.
The raising of the temperature over
this large area was accomplished by
means of some 100000 smudge pots Of
many different types, some burning oil
for fuel and some coal, and placed at
intervals in the orchards. Oil was
carried to the pots in wagon tanks
equipped for the purpose. Spraying
machines were also used in distribu-
ting the oil. A large supply of light
ers was kept in readiness in a dry
place. Many of these lighters were
made by wrapping waste about
twisted wire.
All operations were. directed from
Grand Junction. Weather stations es.
tablished over much of the territory
and equipped with thermostats when
the threatening weather arrived made
half-hourly reports on the tempera.
ture to Grand Junction. When, final.
ly, the danger point was approaching
warning was sent to all the ranchmen
to light the fires. Volunteers also in
nearly all walks of life made their
way in automobiles and wagons and
on bicycles over the entire area.
So well did this orchard-heating
idea work that, while the temperature
outside the heated area dropped as
low as 20 degrees, within the heated
area it did not go below 29k. Seven
ty-five per cent. of all the fruit trees
which were in bloom were cared for
directly, while even orchards owned
by those who were skeptical Of the
idea were saved by the fires of the ad.
joining territory.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24

high and uses hose and hoe to com.
plete the shaking. The mixture is
then run out of the spout through
strainer into 50-gailon barrel. This
barrel is then filled up, and one gal
Ion will contain two pounds of lime.
The barrels for the different solutions
are placed where convenient. In dis
solving copper sulphate we place
short tripod on the end of an open So
gallon barrel near full of water, sus.
pend 100 pounds of the copper sui
phate in sack, dipping considerable
distance into the water. AS the COP.
per sulphate dissolves the sack is
raised. While using from one barrel
another is in preparation. A gallon
OF this solution contains two pounds
CT copper sulphate, thus giving a unit
measurement.
Following is the method of pr ced.
ure in putting on load of Bordeaux
mixture and insecticide. The wagon
is driven alongside the lower platform
to correct position. If power is used
tc elevate water the pump is at once
started. Then the water is started
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24

The custom Of turning up the trous-
ers In damp weather presumably orr.
ginated in the metropolis of Great
Britain. Its practice there has been
universal for several generations, and
mas been initiated by Americans af.
fecting English styles. Years ago,
when the fashion of trousers too long
for the legs Of the wearers, with the
deliberate intention that they should
be perpetually turned up, was first in.
PRODUCED. the humorous paragraphers
said that Anglomaniacs who adopted
II were going about with their trous.
ers turned up because 1t was raining
IN London. From London. however,
cs'tles now warning voice to the eff.
ssfect that turning up the trousers is a
practice prejudicial to health. London
~ suffering from an epidemic of in.
7lhuenza, and physician connected
with one Of the great hospitals sug.
gests as among the causes Of the out,
break the habit Of turning UP the
trousers.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24

- . ( i y. :
plenty from cake feeders. It il a
safe prediction that much grass beef
will be delivered at western markets
during this fall.
Chicago and Omaha cattlemen are
interested mainly in the beef crop
from the northwest, mainly from Ne
braska, the Dakotas. Montana and
wyoming. Owing to an influx of Set
tiers, the marketward movement Of
grass cattle from this region will he
heavy, but few southern stockers will
De put on. When the snow flies, go
per cent. OF the cattle grazing on the
northwestern range will be on fenced
pastures and the tenure Of those will
be short because the settler is clam
'oring for access to every Indian reser.
walton between the Missouri river and
the Pacific Coast, and the final dis.
tribution cannot be long deferred.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24
BIG WESTERN
BEEF CROP
High Cattle. Prices During Last
IS, Winter and Other Factors
Increase the Supply.

Packers are viewing with ill-con-
cealed complacency preparations for
the marketing of large beef crop all
over the west. High prices paid for
corn and hay-fed cattle at Chicago
and other western markets last winter
have enthused the grower and the
SPECTATOR. Texas stock cattle, de-
spite prolonged drought in that
state, are selling around the highest
prices on record owing to the pres
ence of the speculator. whose money
is always good, although he frequently
fails to get 1t back, and is facing such
a prospect now.
A heavy movement OF cattle has be.
gun from south Texas pastures to
those OF Oklahoma. In Texas rain
has been so great that no fat grass
beet IS available, but there win be
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24

American exporters, It appears from
e report Of Special Agent Butman. are
not sufficiently courteous in their bust
ness correspondence with Spanish
I, American dealers. and the fact is rep.
resented as operating to our disadvan-
take. Politeness goes far with the
Latin-American buyer. he points out,
and an instance is cited Of loss Of
trade due to q curt acknowledgment
by q New York house of a check from
Panama importer. Except with the
mercantile firms Of the old school with
which traditions are strong. the omis.
sion has become general from COM
mercial correspondence Of the formu-
Has Of courtesy which once character
Iced It. The little niceties Of phrase
sology with which letters were begun
3or ended are dispensed with under the
new order Of Office economies, in
which ~ time-saving has become the
main thing.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24
Madagascar Cattle.

In the great African island OF NADIA.
gascar zebus form an important ele-
ment of agricultural wealth. In the
northern and northwestern parts of
the island large herds OF these ami.
mails are raised. but they are found
more or less abundantly in all parts
OF Madagascar. says Youths Compan-
Ion. After crossing with European
cattle the hump of the zebu disap-
pears and the yield of milk is in
creased. but the meat of the UNI.
crossed zebu is superior. Large Flu.
ropean horses do not thrive well In
Madagascar, and one Of the problems
before the French colonial govern
ment Is the development of race Of
small horses suited to the climate and
the character of the pasturage.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24
Land Adapted to Irritation.

Approximately 100000 acres OF
lands in western and southwestern
states are adapted to irrigation, which
If reclaimed at an average cost Of s25
an acre, would be worth not less than
$500 an acre or total of $4,000, 0O0,-
900, and provide homes for more than
100000 persons. The economic value
Of irrigation cannot be measured in
dollars and cents, but crops Of from
$500 to $1,000 an acre are not rare in
the irrigated districts. There are al.
ready 100000 acres under irriga-
ton and the reclamation service es-
Inmates it will have reclaimed 2,0O0,-
900 acres, at Cost not exceeding s7o..
100000, before the close of 1911.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24

form, are two mixing tanks, made by
saving 200-gallon oil barrel through
the middle. A discharge hose from
each of these joins together by means
of "Y" connection into one hose. 1t
will be found convenient to have a
hose of large diameter two inches)
with valve shut-off near the tank,
and just low enough to reach either of
the mixing tanks, and another five
eighths or one-inch hose long enough
to reach any part of the platform, with
a shut-off nozzle. On the corner across
from the supply tank is lime-slaking
box, about two feet wide, four feet
long, and one foot deep, elevated three
feet from the platform. This is pro-
vided with four or five-inch slide
opening and spout on the end near the
bottom. Half a barrel of lime is
dumped into this mixing box, the op-
orator stands on box one or two feet
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24
HOW SPRAYING MIXTURES
ARE MADE AND HANDLED
Platform for Years by New York Horticulturista
with Improvements Time
Suggested.

The accompanying illustration gives
good idea of practical spraying
platform which has been in use for
years, with much success. The roof
is not shown, and while desirable, is
not necessary. The enclosed part is
ten by sixteen feet, seven feet above
the ground, with an open platform
three by twelve feet, and three feet
below the level of the rest. About the
only use we make of this platform is
transferring barrels of lime and sacks
of copper sulphate, ETC., from the
wagon to the mixing platform, where
the difference in level is a great con-
venience, enabling two men to handle
barrel of lime easily, and in filling
the wagon tank this low platform en-
ables a man to handle the hose from
the mixing tanks without getting into
a tortuous position
The water supply tank is set four
feet above the platform level, and in
enc corner out of the way. This may
hold 800, 400 or 500 gallons. Close to
this, and along the edge of the plat
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24
MisIeadine Term Of Dry FARMING.

Unfortunately the misleading char
acter of the term dry farming" has
caused a great many people to base
unfounded hopes of wealth and af-
fiuence upon the opportunities to take
up free land in the west. 1t hzs been
demonstrated that in majority Of
cases the farmer who succeeds in So
called dry farming operations is the
same farmer who would apply the
most modern scientific methods to agl
riculture in a humid region. Where
conditions are reasonably favorable
and where the farmer will faithfully
observe the requirements of more
or less imperfect scientific schedule;
the results often have been nothing
less than wonderful.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24

The disruption Of the international
potash syndicate. which is reported
from Germany, calls attention to an
industry that has grown to enormous
proportions In recent years. Potash
= used for reyiying Impoverished
soils. There are immense beds Of 1t
ir Germany and In the United States.
During the present year Germany has
taken steps to prevent the expectation
Eof potash from Germany. It Is ex.
spected that very low prices will result
from the disagreement between the
owners Of large German mines.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24
Value Of Dry Farmlnu.

It is the belief of the men at the
head Of the organization now holding
its meetings in Billings that the value
Of dry farming process to the United
States will be much greater than the
gold mines Of Alaska and Nevada. The
work Of the dry farmer is still largely
experimental. and the sitnation de.
fmands the largest possible extension
of educational and scientific facilities
Already the dust overcoat has turned
many thousand acres Of desert into
blooming and fruitful gardens: It Is
not beyond belief that twin vet bring
ali the Great Plains under control q
the sower and reaper
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24

The popular conception Of warm
countries. IKE Mexico. IL that they are
lands Of plenty. because Of the succes4
sion of crops that can be readily
raised. But Mexico reports an experi-
ence suggesting q different state Of
things. An appeal comes from Guiana.
juato. where the crops were destroyed
nv az unusual visitation Of cold
weather and frost, ,.he government
has ordered from the United States by
telegraph 100000 bushels Of corn. and
undoubtedly more win have to be pro.
Svided.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24
FORMS OF A HORSES HOOPS

The form of horses foot deter
mines the peculiarities of the shoe that
is best adapted to it. Viewing the
foot from the side the regular posi-
ton is that shown in which the weight
will be borne to best advantage. With
the regular or normal shape the weight
falls near the center of the hoof, and
is evenly distributed over the whole
bottom of the hoof. The toe points
straight forward and when the horse
is moving forward in a straight line
the hoofs are picked up and carried
forward in a line parallel to the mid
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24
STILL THE LAND OF PROMISE.

s. Is
That America is still looked upon al
land OF promise by the people of for
eign countries is we'll illustrated by
the desertion of some 200 men from
the British warships which visited
New York for the Hudson. Fulton eel
sebration. The United States is still
the lure of Europe, says Cleveland
Plain Dealer. The Eldorado is yet
west of the Atlantic. The experience
OF the English feet is but a repetition
OF what has been met many times be,
fore by fleets visiting the American
coast. There is always the tempta-
ton for the visiting tar to come ashore
and forget to return. Perhaps they
nave relatives in this country ready
to shield them and give them a home
and start in the new world. Per-
haps they have merely absorbed the
current European opinion that the
way to fortune and comfort lies
through the gates of New York. A
striking contrast is offered between
the experience of the American feet
on Its recent world tour and the usual
experience of the fleets visiting this
country. 1t was one Of the boasts of
the returning American ships that the
men aboard and ashore had conducted
themselves with almost project de-
,corum; that none had deserted, though
opportunities to do so had been many.
This Is not to argue that American
tars are any better grade of men
than those of other navies-though we
are pleased to believe they are-but
merely indicates their different point
OF view.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24
Good Farmino.

So thoroughly has the gospel OF
good farming been spread through.
out New Jersey that the farm pro.
ducts OF that state were $50, 900, 900
as compared to the $26, 100000 eight
years ago. The secretary os'the state
board Of agriculture declares that this
increase Is due largely to scientific
farming as taught by the state insti.
tntes at the agricultural colleges.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24
Dairy Stables Whitewashed

The dairy commissions are demand
ing that stables be whitewashed regu-
larry. While this may kill some dis.
ease germs and will make the stables
look nice. it does not insure pure milk
The COW must be healthy and fed on
wholesome food. This is more impor-
tant than whitewashed walls, cement
floors and the uniform of the man who
does the milking. Cleanliness is neces.
sary out first Of all the milk must be
pure when drawn from the udder.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24
Persian Lambs.

Che department. Of agriculture is se.
rinasly considering the Introduction
lnto this country OF Bokhara sheen.
from which comes the fur called "Per,
alan Lamb" All Astrakhan fur is now
raised ON territory tributary to the
Caspian sea. The best fur ID taken
from the lamb when 1t is only four Of
ave days old. The Bokhara sheen a,so
make good mutton.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24

No man can AFFORD to pitch hav nv
hand. No man can afford to plow
with walking pillow if it is practica.
bic to use q sulky. No man can @af.
ford to use a double-shoyel cultivator
II 1t Is practicable to use a double cul.
tivator. Improved machinery pays s
good profit on the Investment.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24
MIX That paws.

L, Horton, one of the biggest retail
ers OF milk in New York state, is
charging 20 cents a quart for some of
the milk he sells. This milk is pro-
duced by the owner of farm at New
burgh, N. T., and cleanliness is insist
ed on to an extent almost unbeliev-
able. The cows are washed and
wiped with spotless linen, and when
the milk is obtained it is handled as
though 1t were champagne. The milk
Is sold to the "gilded rich" in New
York CITY SCI
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24
die line of the body Horses that are
"toe-Wide" are likely to interfere
when in motion.
Work for TOP of,Ladd...

- " ~ TT - " VtIIdOOSTs
10 not hesitate to work for the ton
rounds of the ladder In the poultry
business The higher you get the less
crowded it is, and therefore the bet
ter the business pays. says writer in
an exchange. You may feel a little
lonesome at times. but It is the Kind
OF loneliness that is right easy to bear.
SO ! say. hustle for the top.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-24

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