davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1909-08-09
TO STUDY WATERWAYS.
National Commission Sails Tuesday
on Ten Weeks Tour.

Washington Aus. s-Seven Of the twelve mem
hers Of the National Waterways Commission, a
commission authorized by Congress 20 investigate
not only the waterways OF Europe aud Canada, but
the waterways % the United States for the pur-
pose Of making recommendations for the improve
ment Of the rivers. harbors and canals Of this
country. will sail on Tuesday the North German
Lloyd liner Kronprinzessin Cece a ten weeks
investigation and examination OF the waterways Of
Europe
The party will include Senator Burton ~ Ohio
chairman: Senator Gallinger. OF New Hampshire.
vice-chairmsn. accompanied by his son. William H
Galnger; Senator Simmons. % North Carolina. the
new chairman Of the Rivers and Harhors Commit
tee of the House. .. s Alexander and Mrs. Aexan-
der, Representative and Mrs. Stevens OF Minnesota;
Representative Wanger. Of Pennsylvania and Repre-
sentative Sparkman. OF Florida. Representative and
Mrs. Cassidy OF Ohio also accompany the party
together with Professor Roland G. Mcpherson OF
Johns Hopkins University; Professor Emory r.
Johnson, OF the University OF Pennsylvania Colonel
William II. Bixby. Of the engineer corps OF the
army, and Herbert Knox Smith. chief OF the Bureau
of Corporations and the secretaries Of the COM
mission, Woodbury. Pulster and Joseph Mccain
II is the intention Of Senators Piles, az Washington;
Smith. Of Michigan, and Lorimer. Of illinois, and
Representative Moon. OF Tennessee also members
OF the Waterways Commission. 10 join the party on
September at StrassburE where the comrrfttee
will begin Investigation OF the Rhine.
The itinerary includes visits 20 the great COM
mercia OF Europe and the capitals OF the
Old World in order that a first hand study may be
made not only of the waterways but OF the trans
portatOn problems which closely related To
the use Of the water freight and pas
senger carriers.
Emory r. Johnson. who holds the chair of trans
portation and commerce in the University OF Penn
sylvania, will accompany the party the repre-
sentative OF the National Rivers and Harbors
Congress Mr.. Johnson will not only submit his
findings as an independent observer to the Ma
tional Waterways Commission. but Will make
port 10 the National Rivers and Harbors conven-
ton. which will be held in Washington on Deem
Der s. 3 and 10.
Mr.. johnson will investigate the relation Of
waterways to railways and the industry and trade
or these waterways and furnish such material in
the way OF documents and illustrations as will as
sist not only the commission in making it's report
10 Congress but the National Rivers and Harbors
Congress in carrying out its platform. which calls
for a comprehensive policy OF federal waterway
development.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1909-08-09
CANNON SPEAKS OUT
PARTY PLEDGES KEPT.
Says PAINE Lac Is Sound and Looks
For1card to Ten Years Prosperity.
IBy Telegraph % u Tribune.l

Chicago, Aug s-''The proof of the pudding is in
the eating. Wait until the new tariff law has been
tested by the people. and then we VIII know how II
suits Personally. believe that Republican
Congress has kept the pledges made by the Repub-
iican National Convention in the platform adopted
in Chicago; and. mark you. emphasize Repuoh-
can platform"
Speaker Cannon thus stated his views upon the
Payne tariff law. "Uucle Joe'' was ar the Union
League yesterday for an hour, on his way home TO
Dsnville. from Washington.
"I am going back 20 Danvfle, 10 attend TO Can
mons business" said the Speaker, good-naturedly
do you think the new tariff law viii be salts
factory 10 Illinois Republican and Illinois sener-
allyn the Speaker was asked
81 know OF reason why II should no;, an
swered the Speaker.
The new tariff law is a good law. II marks the
beginning OF a stirring epoch OF commercial pros
perity, believe said Speaker Cannon. Il look
forward 10 at least years OF splendid business
and national growth Under a Republican admin
istraton the United States will take another great
stride forward
The House bill in its original form was first
disapproved-I was going 10 say damned-by the
newspapers A little later II saint in COM
parison with the Senate bill The conference bill
consider a fair maintenance Of the pledge which
was formulated and announced in the Chicago
platform.
In framing the bill the workInsman, the labor
ing classes and their rights were first considered;
employers Of labor. and finally, and against their
WILL the rights OF the importers. In my Judgment.
a fair test OF the law will demonstrate that IL is
a good law for all classes of the nation. Let's give
IL q trial. and then viii where stand
Senator Albert r. Cummins, of Iowa homeward
bound from Washington. at the Congress Hotel
this afternoon talked freely OF the campaign plans
Of the progressive wing of the Republican party.
Senator Cummins emphasized the critical issues
10 he pushed 10 the fore by the progressives the
following:
First-Placing in control at the head Of organized
Repubcansm who Will stand absolutely by
platform pledges
Second-Struggie for this policy every conven-
ton local. Congressional or state. between and
1912 where there are enough progressive Republi-
cans 10 make IL worth while.
Third-No general revision OF the tariff for per-
haps q decade, but revision from time to time IN
particular schedules. expert investigation demon
strates 10 he necessary. and at the time
forming with the broad principle of protection.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1909-08-09
MISS KELLERMANN AND NELSON BOX
Diver Spars with the Dane at Benefit and
Police Captain Looks On.

The Newsboys Home Club added nearly 81 700
TO ITS treasury last night. the result of the
benefit at the Herald Square Theatre. Gus Ed
wards. Annette Kellermann, Gertrude Hofrmann
Lolita Faust. George NJ Conan. Thomas A. Visa
Harry Williams and Grace La Rue were sou,e OF
those that appeared.
The real excitement OF the entertainments came
Wheh Annette henermann offered TO put on the
boxing gloves with Battling" Nelson A,,ar ar.
Dane had shown her several moves and shifts an
the art OF fighting. the two spared Presently
Miss kellermaan caught Nelson clean under ,ha
jaw and he was apparently counted out
soon afterward Nelson put on the gloves with
Leach Cross. and the two gave a two round boxing
exhibition In the audience at the time was Police
Captain oBrien. II Is probably the FIRST time an
exhibition Of this kind has been permitted 10 60 o.
IN theatre on Sunday But II was a beneft ,o-
the newsooys. and perhaps that had something 70
do with a. "
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1909-08-09
TRAIN KILLS CHILD RACING FOR 1T
Crushed Under Wheels as She Tries to Gross
Tracks to Station Platform.

While running ahead of her parents I'm an srort
to be the first to reach the cars. Sarah SCHROEDER
nine years old of Morris and Grafton av.rrsv
Woodhaven, Queens. was killed by Rockawav
beach train at the RamhlersvilIe station yester-
day. The train was bound to the Delancey street
street station from Rockaway Beach, and the
SCHROEDER family at first mistook II for a train OF
the Long Island Railroad. and began to run for n
as II approached the station. They had been to
Ramblersville for swim. and wished TO take a
train for Flathush avenue.
When the Brooklyn Rapid Transit train came in
sight little Sarah gave cry OF pleasure and dashed
ahead OF the little party. Mr.. and Mrs SCHROEDER
saw the train was not the they wanted and
called to Sarah TO stop. She did not appear TO
hear them, and continued on dashing on TO the
tracks to get TO the other side OF the train BE-
fore the motorman could apply the brakes the
Ehud had been crushed by the front wheal.-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1909-08-09
r. GILMAN HEAD WORKER.
Succeeds DR.. Hamilton at University
Settlement.

Robbins Gilman has been selected by the council
OF the University Settlement Society succeed Dr.
James H Hamilton resident hee1 worker. The
change will take place time this month az the
convenience OF DIR. Hamilton
Since his resignation DR.. Hamilton has continued
acting head worker at the particular request OF
the council until his successor should Be ready 20
take charge. DR.. Hamilton will 90 abroad for a
years study.
Mr. Gilman. the new head worker IL a gradual.
Of Williams College. OF the class % go. He has
had considerable business experience and has done
civic and philanthropic work in this city and IN
Youkers. where his family reside. He Is familiar
with the work OF the Settlement and tbs prob
lens Of the neighborhood and has received much
assistance In familIarizng himself with the details
Of the situation from DR.. Hamilton. He will. OF
course reside at the Settlement
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1909-08-09
OLD PORTSMOUTH BACK.
Cheers Mark Her Stately Course
Up the Bay Carving Militia

The old sIoop-of-war Portsmouth. now tal
rugged ship. which got back with three divisions .
New Jersey naval militia from their annual tour
OF duty yesterday. save lovers Of the odtns
sailing ships a rare treat yesterday afternoon IS
she stood up the bay under cloud Of canvas sna
Is rugged 20 royals. and carried them with %
maintophiast staysI. and a foretOpmast siaSsF
standing jib and jb forward. She was pre'N
sight. with her tall white spars and black uss-1s'
her black top sides and open gun ports, picked ~.
with white. The big Red star boat Lapand passea
her, bound in, and as the c2lors dropped ana N7''
up again. a big cheer went up from the Ley
lands decks from the returning Americans A.
the way up the old sloOp-Of-war was saiuleu "
tugs and passing steamers and ferryhoats-
She left HOboken July with three diviSlons =
the New Jersey naval militia on board un''s
Commander Edward Nice. Peters. an entauS'sN
on sailing vessels. There has been talk OF ~
ting the Portsmouth out of commission ana -
three divisions went out with a full compsiae-.
on what may be her last cruise. The MS. ""
divisions were commanded BY Lieutenans D :
Sloper and Theodore NJ. Smith The taliU'
engineer division, was under Lieutenant HeH'
CsOldinG
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1909-08-09
PLAY GUITARS AS HOUSE BURNS.
Little Thing Like Fire Didn't Disturb This
Birthday Party.

The poles Of the Morrisania station experienced
considerable difficulty last night IN getting party
OF birthday celebrators to leave the two story
frame house. No. $50 Morris avenue. when fire
broke out IN the cellar.
The nrst floor OF the house Is occupied by John
Green. who has grocery store there. In the rear
OF the first floor Is the home OF Mrs Anna Ronli-
celina- Her daughter Emily was one year old last
night and her rooms were packed with guests IN
honor OF the occasion. When the fire. the cause
OF which was unknown. broke out IN the cellar
smoke nned the house The fremen had trouble in
extinguished IT, and were forced lay eight lines
OF hose before they conquered the flames
Patrolman Wolf reported that the guests at the
birthday party continued TO play on their guitars.
mandolns and other instruments while the smoke
poured into the rooms they were In
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1909-08-09
MRS. THAw PREFERS BLooMINGDALE.
Hopes Her Son Will Be Sent There if Not Set
at Liberty.

Harry X Thaw spent quiet day at the county
jail at White Plains yesterday No one visited
him His family remained at the Carlyon Arms,
where they have lived since the present proceed
ings began. Mrs Thaw Harry's mother. said last
night that they would remain at White Plains
until the question of her sons sanity was finally
disposed OF. She seemed very cheerful and full Of
hope.
Mrs Thaw expressed herself satisfied with the
case. she said her expectation was that Justice
MINIS would set her son at liberty, but that even
IL the justice did not see fl 10 free hin, n. ,,,,
commit him 10 some institution other than Nc.
teawan Her preference would he BIoonoirsasIa
in White Plains AT BloomingdaIe Thap, v,,,,,a -
nnoer Dr. H Ernest Schmidt. a resident OF White
Flsths' VINO Is known to and friendly with Justice
Mills.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1909-08-09
RECORD FOR IMPORTS.
Crude Material for 1909 Greater in Volume.
but Less in Value.

Washington. Aug. s-An records for the i'm
portauon or manufacturers material into the
United States were broken during the fiscal war
just ended. according to the Bureau OF Statistics
in a statement made public to-day
Raw wool. raw cotton. silk hbres hides and
SKINS india rubber. tobacco, tin. copper lumber
ana certain articles included under the general
group chemicals. drugs and dyes" are the prin-
cipal articles imported for manufacturing. and in
nearly all OF these the quantity imported in 1903
exceeded that of any earlier year. There are a
few exceptions; raw wool. pig tin lead cotton and
lumber show in certain earlier years quantities
slightly in excess of the figures OF 1909.
While this is the highest record as 10 quantity
OF manufacturers materials imported. IT does not
represent the highest values. The figures OF the
bureau show that the value of crude materials
imported for manufacturing in the fiscal year 1903
was 100000 below the value of this group Of
imports in 1907.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1909-08-09
MOSQUITO BAR FIRE MAY BE Fatal.
Delicatessen Dealer Badly Burned, His Wife
and Mother Slightly.

IN nre caused by gas Jet ignitng the MOSQUITO
net canopy over his bed. on the first floor OF the
Tls mouse AT NO S1 Third avenue. Herman
STORE Keeper was so severely burned last night that
ne Is expected 10 die His wife. Marie while trv-
ing 10 put out the flames in her husbands night
oosnes' was burned about the hands and forehead
s gu Ner hair was snged. His mother who rushed
from an adjoining apartment N ala - s .1s..eu
",ia", vas burned about the neck ana hands
All me tenants OF the six-story building r,,sbad
INTO the street. and were QUOTED with grs., s,ez
euly. Many were in their night clothes. They
80 nor Ie.urn TO their apartments until the FIRE
confined 20 Hingse's rooms ~ was
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1909-08-09
woMAN's WIT SAVES TWO LIVES.
Mrs. Turnbull Jumped and Told Chauffeur to
Follow as Train Wrecked Automobile
IBy Telegraph to The Tribun.


Babylon, Long Island, Aug. 6-Ths presence OF
mind Of Mrs Turnbull, widow of George r. Turn
bull saved her life and the life Of her chauffeur
Eugene Donley, when the Patchogue express. west
hound. IN charge OF Conductor Thompson, struck
the automobile in which they travelling yes
Ierday and reduced IL TO scrap iron
The accident occurred at the LAtchfeld avenue
crossing of the Long Island Railroad. a quarter Of
q mile west ~ the depot Mrs Turnbull in
the body OF the car. Donley started 10 cross and
as he re6ched the track Mrs. Turnbul the train
rapidly approaching from the west She opened the
door ami ieaped out the time calling TO the
chauffeur jump. Donley followed Mrs. Turnbul
40 place of safety. and moment later the loco
motive struck the car carrying il about hundred
feet The car, which was a new one was valued
a 5000
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1909-08-09
GUARDING AGAINST RAT INFECTION.
Health Surgeons at Leading Shipping Points
in World-Especial Vigilance at Shanghai.

Washington, Aug. s.-A plague Infected rat Of
the kind that infest the wharves OF Chinese ports
may make his nest in csrgoes consigned TO tho
United States. and. IL he escapes detection. may
cause an outbreak OF the plague some other
disease in an American port
1t is TO guard against this that the United States
Public Health and Marine Hospital Service has
its surgeons stationed at all of the leading ship
ping points throughout the world TO enforce rules
which will safeguard against infection vessels
bound for American ports. The acting assistant
surgeon of the service Mr. Ransom. reports from
Shanghai that vessels bound for American ports
are not allowed TO go alongside wharves when
loading, and required to have rat guards on
all their lines. In order TO obtain bills OF health
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1909-08-09
AUTO FRoLIos IN HUDSON PARK.
capers Merrily Across the Lawns and Rams
New Rochelle Detective.

H. A Dewey. Of Aqueduct and fremont avenues.
Inc Bronx, manufacturing chemist with Offices
at No. IS Liberty street was AZ the u,ha., =, =
runaway automobile yesterday at Hudson PARK
In New Rochelle. While his was taking a swim
In the Sound Mr.. Dewey remained in the machine.
but the police told him that automobiles were NOT
allowed to stand in the park. and advised him 10
move on.
Mr.. Dewey does not know all that sboul1 10
known about operating automobile but he said
ned try. He started with a rush. and the saso-
lene Frankenstein got away with him He ber-an
10 ron across the lawns and narrowly miss trees
ana nnalIy struck Detective sannel. Of New Ro-
chelle knocking him down and sn-ainirg b,s a,l.,
No arrest was made
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1909-08-09
RAID At ATLANTIC crTv
Police Seize Gambling ParouB,-.
MALTA at Hotel Malqtesto
tRy Telegraph to The Trlbun. :

Atlantic City. Aug Scores Of men. us.. -.
roule'.e ana faro bank as side line OF ul.s-''.
were taken by surprise after rnidnivbt s'e2sus
when the patrol wagon drove IN 10 ~ ~ az.
tesla and squad OF policemen enter.1 - - 4
and seized all the gambling paraphernsla ,ass
II into the patrol wagon and drove OF. NJ -
were made. S''7s's
The hotel Is run BY David Holland forrsr
OF the Aqueduet racetraek. in New York "a =
and Charles Gondolf former proprietor NJ ~ ,,r-
ionatres Club, which was raided in cbsl,s. ~.
year. were credited by the police with The 80
ship Of the stun conhscated The police bsv. 49,,
out word that gambling OF every charactsr M.
stop. -''
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1909-08-09
BUSY ON BIG FLEET.
Some Battleships Even COaled on SUNDAY "
Hurry to Get Away.

Old Point Comfort. Va. Aug. Sine ,1 1910,
battle neet anchored in two long lines y ar
Roads. or Old Point was TODAY the scene s,ra
nation the preparations for departure " v,,r,ui.
work on the drill grounds south OF 'Ao - Al.
capes being evident on board every one -
teen big hghting machines - ssvsraI
Contrary TO custom. except IN Wsi rrsss YES
sels~tbs Wisconsin the Kansas. the 6sorsa "a :.
the nfssissipui-have been ordered to san ~ vas
target range tomorrow afternoon anu anu .sr,aiu-
necessary for them to coal to-day ,ss arl
der OF the hSet will follow them ~ snoarA
grounds as soon as they get then SO
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1909-08-09
WOMAN HURT IN AUTO CRASH.
Two Machines Meet While Turning a Corner
in New London, Conn.

New London Conn, Aug e-While turning the
corner or Biaclhan and Truman streets this noon
automobiles driven by J. Taylor Armstrong OF this
cry ana c e White, OF Andover, Conn came
into collision and Mrs Armstrong. who accom-
panied her husband was caught In the debris and
badly cut and bruised
Mr.. White and family. with l. Y whitconnb ana
FahatS' IN me other auto were on their way 10
Ocean Beach when the accident occurred The
Armstrong machine was wrecked Mr. Armstrong
Is a brother OF B !. Armstrong. Mayor OF New
London Mrs. Armstrong is daughter OF Dr. Ed
ward Prentis
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1909-08-09
BRAKE FAILS, AUTO sMAsHEs RIG
iBy Telegraph TO The Tribune

tAy Telegraph % The Tribune
Stamford, Conn. Aug. S-The driving chain m
me automobile Of Mrs Eliza @. Morris. a New
York woman. who is spending the summer =,
Sound Beach. Conn, broke on a steep hin hare
this afternoon, and the emergency brake failed 10
hold the car. II hacked down the hin al a higb'
rate OF speed and crashed into a vehicle in which
were Joseph Zetta and ID. Francis, OF Noroton
Their wagon was smashed, and they were thrown
out and injured. but not seriously. Alfred NJ
Morris, OF New York. a Of Mrs Morris hts
VIE and two children were IN the with the
cnslneur, Castor Nevejsns. None OF them was
hurt
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1909-08-09
FLED AFTER HITTING MoToRoYoL1sT.
Yonkers Insurance Man Knocked Down and
Automobile Party Speeds AWAY.

Kay c Baroalow. an insurance man, who lives
al No. 10 Woodward avenue. Yoakers, was run
Gown iast evening by an automobile in which we're
I'VE or SIX persons He on a motorcycles and
had just turned into Garden street al Palisade
avenue when the automobile came around the cor
ner behind him and hit his machine. knocking him
on and wrecking the wheel
fart OF has clothing caught in the automobile and
'Hr. bareaiow vas dragged hundred feet The
aulonooiie old not STOP The clothing tore and
ar Barcalow rolled into the gutter. DIR. shana-
man, who attended him. fears internal injuries NAV
have resulted. besides the cuts and bruises
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1909-08-09
STRUCK RETURNING FROM FUNERAL.

on her way hack from funeral in Washington
cemetery yesterday. Mrs Regina Tresser OF No
81 East sth street. Manhattan. knocked down
ny an automobile owned and driven by Isaac Tay-
Dor. OF No 20 Montgomery street. Brooklyn Per-
SONS AZ the korn Hotel opposite the main entrance
of The cemetery, hurried the aid Of Mrs Tresser
Edward Getz. living al the Fort Lowry Hotel. Bath
Beach, took the injured woman 70 the Kings
County Hospital, where n was said that she would
recover. Taylor Was locked up in the ParkyflIe
police station.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1909-08-09
BABYLON ROUNDS UP AUTO spBEDERs
Village President Makes One Arrest and $50
Fines Are Imposed

Babylon y. Y Aug. s--The authorities enforced
The speed ordinance this afternoon. and a result
six arrests were made. The defendants with one
exception pleaded guilty and paid fines OF $50 each
They were Charles Grepps, Freeport: Charles
Fuschler. Brooklyn: Arthur Schiffel Manhattan:
James Moffatt Brooklyn. and A. ]. Akin. Man
haitian.
Louis Hendel. who drove a car for Dr. Oscar A
Ferrlne. OF Brooklyn, pleaded not guilty. and his
employer put up 800 bail for the appearance Of his
chauffeur for trial on August ls One OF the
arrests was made by Chester o. Ketcham, the
village president, ir person.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1909-08-09
TwENTY-FoUR THROWN FROM AUTO.
One Woman Badly Hurt in Accident to Sight
Seeing Car.

Washington. Aug. s.-Two dozen passengers. four
az whom were injured one seriously. were thrown
last night from sightseeing automobile running
between Chesapeake Beach and North Chesapeake
Beach. Nd. bathing here.
Mrs. Mary r. Thornton Of this city who sus-
tanned fractured ribs and injuries 10 her hack.
brought here and taken 10 a hospital. The injuries
81 the others were slight
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1909-08-09
CHAUFFEUR KILLED ON Joy RIDE
Car Runs Into Milk Wagon at Shrewsbury
Mass.-TWo Arrests Made.

worcester, Mass. Aug. "a Joy ride" early TO-
cay ended fatally for Stanley Taylor, OF Boston
a chauffeur, who II is said was in his EMPLOYERS
car without leave when il ran into a milk wagon
in Shrewsbury Taylor was thrown from his sea,
and died soon afterward
Al me ume OF The accident there were FIVE in
me party. TWO OF these, John J. Barrett and H
T. Riley OF worcester, have been arrested by the
ponce on the charge OF larceny. The others have
NOT Deen found. The machines was owned by Will
lam B. Clarke, OF this city
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1909-08-09
DEATH FOLLOWS sKYLARKING.
Trouble Began When a Mans Hat Was
Knocked OFF: It Ended with a Bullet

Chsska. Tenn. Aug. s-Joseph Burnfn thirty
years old. was shot and killed to-day by Brandon
Mcmahon. thirty-fve years old Mcmahon I'm a
playful mood. knocked of Burnfn's hat Angered
az this. Burnhn attacked Mcmahon with stick OF
wood. knocking him down.
While lying on the ground Mcmahon drew his
revolver and hred three shots. One bullet struck
Burnnn near the heart, killing him Instantly Nc
Mahoa surrendered.