davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1909-03-05
DELAYED MAILS.

The bad weather aud sBow of We'd
nes6ay and Thursday, and the heavy
travel Incident TO the inaugua ion in
Washington rave csused much delay in
the runniDg of the trains and The mail
service north a1d west OF this city, has
beer badly sfiscied. No nails from
north of Washington fave been received
here since WEDNESDAY night, causing
much Inconvenience to meic hsnts, tusi-
ness men snd 9th rs
Iv.nLnyaucon half shell Chat
LyHnndVenS ing dishes. Broiled
on toast. ard BRILL'S Celebrated Single
Fried al the OPERA HOUSE CAFE.
Cherrystone and Little
Neck CLANS.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1909-03-05

THE ANIMAL MEETING Of tie stock.
4 holders Of the N. AUTH PROVISION
co. will be held at the Office OF 7. K NJ.
Norton, 1873 south Fairfax tttet, Alsxsndria,
Va, on Thursdsy, March 25th, 1909, at 8
p. m. GEORGE W. FIRROR,
mar5td Secretary.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1909-03-05
Coke Domestic Cox,

All kinds OF Coal, Wood and Coke Best
quality ami prompt deliveryAt bottom prices
Phone;s5. DEW. AITCHESoN, iO7 50 iii
Boyal street
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1909-03-05
Local Matters.

Sun and Tide Table.
Sun rises tomorrow at 6.27 and sets at BOZ
high water st 2. AZ 8. m. and 1853 p, m.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1909-03-05

Previous subscriptions. "".,s.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1909-04-11
WESTERN NATURE STUDIES
ARID FARMING-TT's RULES AND REASONS.
BY ). H. PAUL.


The facts and principles Of arid farm
ing was the topic treated a few days
ago by Professor HOgensOn before the
writer's classes in nature study at the
university.
1t turned out that comparatively few
Of the students knew the methods OF
culture peculiar to this kind Of west
ern soil cultivation. and it may be
that readers generally viii be interest
ed to learn the practices of this new
species of agriculture peculiar to the
semi-arid west.
What is Dry Farmins7
The term dry farming" is likely to
mislead. without water for the plants,
there can be no farming. Arid farm
ing might be a better name for the
operation, but a resolution to change
10 the latter name failed of adoption
at the last dry farming congress.
Dry farming. then. signifies. not the
raising of crops without water, but
without irrigation, and this result is
accomplished by the storage in the
soil of the moisture from rain and
snow. To grow crops in regions where
the rainfall is very light, the main
problem is the storage or conservation
of the rainfall.
Dry farming requires careful atten-
Storing the water II must be more
scientific than the ordinary farming of
the east; its various rules must be
strictly carried out; the principles Of
success are here not merely advice;
they are commands to be carried out to
the letter. or failure win be the result.
Future of This Industry.
Dry farming promises to become a
Franwaorfnnf industry IN this state
Utah has perhaps 2o.0O0,0O0 acres of
land suitable for dry farming opera
tons; and only a small fraction Of this
land has yet been put to this use. We
still grow most of our wheat, oats and
barley on irrigated farms; but the
time may not be far distant when
practically all OF the cereals raised in
the semi-arid regions will be the prod
ucts of unirrigated lands, while the
areas that can be irrigated viii be de-
voted 20 more intensive farming. Dry
farms, however, viii produce more
than grains, and already potatoes, SUI
gar beets. alfalfa and certain fruits
have been successfully grown without
irrigation.
Deep Soil is Necessary.
For successful dry farming, deep
soil. say at least four feet, is required.
A shallow soil does not afford the
moisture storage capacity essential for
the production of good crops. The one
great problem is the storage OF water
in the soil, and for this purpose there
is not much choice between sandy and
clay soils. The sand is formed into a
surface mulch with less labor than ie
the case with clay, but the latter viii
hold more moisture in the form that
Is available for plants That is. the
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1909-04-11

clay, being composed OF very fine par
| ticles, each of which carries its own
/ film of capillary moisture, carries
I total OF such moisture far exceeding the
amount carried by sand. The reason
for this difference is due to the soil
/ texture. since the finer the particles the
more soil grain surface there is TO
hold the capillary water In clay soil
there may be from $4,000 to 80. 900
grains Per linear inch in each line Of
soil, while in coarse. sandy soil the
number of grains may be reduced to
| twenty-five or thirty per linear inch
/ Thus, the clay holds more capillary
Water-the moisture film around each
soil grain-and this is the only form Of
soil water that can be held in the
ground during our long dry summer.
For IL the water is free. that is. if II
merely fills the spaces between the soil
grains, the particles do not hold it. and
the water VIII sink into the earth from
the force of gravity. Free water will
evaporate also more readily than the
capillary or film moisture held by each
soil grain
Control of Evaporation.
The evaporation of water from either
the free or the capillary condition
takes place chiefly at the ground sur
face, and is well-nigh prevented by
keeping the surface layer of soil finely
pulverized, preferably in the form of
dry dust-mulch, as this prepared up
per layer is called. The dust mulch
cuts off the small capillary openings
that extend to the soil surface, and 1t
is through these openings that the
moisture escapes. If the soil bakes, It
viii crack, and these wider openings to
the surface viii act like chimneys 10
carry off the moisture. Now We know
that clay soil bakes more readily than
sand, hence in a soil with a somewhat
sandy surface il is easier to form the
/ impeTYiOus mulch by surface cultiva-
ton. Thus each soil has its advan-
tages. and the ideal soil would be one
mainly clay underneath and mainly
sand at the surface.
How Much MeIsture7
Dry farming, it has been said, re-
quires a considerable rainfall The
average precipitation in Utah is per-
haps twelve inches per year. An inch
Of rainfall means the fall of a layer of
water one inch in depth over the en-
tire surface of the land, and this means
113 tons of water per acre. 1t has been
found that to produce one bushel of
wheat requires forty-f1ve tons of wa
ter. Our average yield of wheat on
dry farms is eighteen or twenty bush
els per acre. Twelve inches of rainfall
gives 1856 tons of water per acre; and
since il requires fOrty-five tons of wa
ter for each buShel of wheat raised.
our average yield Of dry-farm wheat
might be thirty bushels per acre if we
could save all the moisture that falls.
but this we cannot do. Yet. by stOr-
ing the moisture for two years, and
planting only every other year, we
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1909-04-11

Mays
to
is
the
The flower OF
Indian unisexua the male
mass-From United States Department Of AgricuIure
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1909-04-11

may save enough moisture to produce
forty or fifty bushels per acre. This
twO-seasOn storage is effected by means
of summer following. that is, blowing
the land in summer, but not planting
till the next season.
The Fall Flowing.
As soon as the crop is harvested in
the fall the land should be deeply
plowed and left rough and uneven.
without narrowing, until spring. The
uneven surface, with its large expos
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1909-04-11

ter variety of oats may readily be
raised on dry farms. This variety, the
best known for this purpose, Is one
that is black i'm the heads, and so re-
sembles Wild oats. This kind, how
ever, lacks the beard and the fuzzy
kernel Of the wild variety.
A dry farm fall barley, the California
prolific, likewise promises increased
success. Thus far a spring barley has
been used with fair returns
A Fine Bronze Grass.
The best grass for the dry farm is
the large bronze grass, BrOmus iner-
mis-, the most valuable crop for west
ern unirrigated lands. II yields from
two to three tons per acre of a hay
that seems equal to timothy in feed
Ing qualities. There are many kinds
of bronze grass, none of the others OF
any special merit, and most Of them
worthless. The little June grass
that is covering our hills is really a
bronze grass-BrOmus tectirum nudus-
and is not only worthless, but danger
Gus. It causes the rapid spreading of
forest fires, since it becomes dry and
ttnderlike before midsummer. The fod-
der bronze grass mentioned above does
not thrive on irrigated lands, prefer
ring the Selni-arld regions IL forms 2
sod and makes good pasture, requirins
no transplanting. It is sown in early
spring and lightly covered after
broadcasting. The drill puts it toe
deep into the ground. Very light har-
rowing with brush gives It a sufficient
earth cover. One-haif inch being deep
enough. In early spring, before the
snow disappears. it may be scattered
on top Of the snow. Eighteen pounds
of the seed should be sown per acre.
Job White is back again. Not well
Vet but able to be at his Office. 232 W.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1909-04-11

Job White is back again. Not well
yet, but able to be at his Office, 232 w
Second South. Ind. phone 326.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1909-04-11

TrIbune-Reporter Printing Co.,
&c West Second South. Phones 71S
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1909-04-11

II any reader Of this announcement,
after carefully studying every claim
make and upon investigation does not
find that ] am all that I claim for my
self and that 7 have the best equipped
office IN Salt Lake, 1 will treat him FREE
OF all charges
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-01-01
Street HatS--SpeciaI $500

About of to be closed Saturday The
all in the beginning that only desirable hats
are left now 90 is the lowest price to which such millinery
could be reduced.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1909-11-17
A REALLY" Historical Room.

At the annual meeting of the
county board last week a resolution
was adopted giving the soldiers of
Grant county the use of the Historical
Room, on the ground floor of the court
house. for g. A. R. purposes Tt is
proposed by members of the local G.
A. R. post that glass cases be secured
for safe keeping of old war relics,
which G. A r. posts and individu.
ais will be asked to contribute for the
purpose of making the room one of
really and truly historical interest.
Hundreds of old soldiers have interest
ing souvenirs of the war which they
would probably give if assured of the
safety and preservation of same, and
the room would thus be made most
interesting one to visit.
Tom Cox Post No. 1872 @. A. r.
at its last meeting passed resolution
of thanks to the county board for its
action.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1909-11-17
The Harter- Maiben Wedding.

Rev. Charles w. Harter, pastor of
the Baptist church of this city, and
Miss Elizabeth A. Maiben. daughter
of Mrs. Bertha G.. Maiben, were
joined in marriage by Rev. W. H.
Hannsford at the Congregational
church on Sunday. November IA,
1909, at eleven o'clock. Although
no public announcement of the fact
had been made large audience filled
the auditorium with expectant faces
when the usual service CT the church
began at 10 80 o'clock. At the proper
moment Mrs. Hannaford took her
place at the organ and began playing
the harmonious wedding March
by Mendelsohn The folding doors
in the rear of the auditorium were
thrown open and Mr.. Harter and Miss
Mainen appeared and passed slowly
up the aisle approaching the pulpit
The bride was richly attired in
cream colored satin and wore white
veil and carried bouquet of beautiful
cream colored roses.
Mr.. Hannaford, the BRIDES pastor,
met the couple in the area in front
of the pulpit, which had been beauti-
fully decorated with smilax, carna-
tions and chrysanthemums, by Mr..
and Mrs. @. d. Stratton, and, in a
brief and simple ceremony registered
thel1 mutual covenant and pronounc-
ed them husband and wife, the soft
tones of the organ mingling agreeably
with the voices during the ceremony.
Mr.. and Mrs Harter and a few of
their immediate friends then with
drew from the church while the
pastor returned to the pulpit and
proceeded with the customary services
of the day.
Mr.. Harter's sister and her hus-
band, Mr.. and Mrs. w. II Foulk, of
Waterloo, Iowa, were guests from a
distance. Miss Maiben's relatives
and friends and the members of the
Baptist church and country congrega.
tions were quite generally present.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harter will be absent
from the city for few days but will
be back in time for Mr.. Harter to fill
his appointments next Sunday.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1909-11-17
COUNTY CONVENTION
OF SCHOOL BOARDS
Another Interesting Annual Ses-
sion Held Here Monday.
About One Hundred Present, Represent
ing All Parts of Grant County.
Lively Interest Manifested.

The school board convention held
here Monday was we'll attended and
all displayed lively interest In
the different topics under discus
sion.
The disposition Of those present
seemed to be to talk right out in
meeting and this disposition aided
more materially than any other thing
toward making the convention sue
cess. Little difficulties that had
come within the experience of the
different school officers were brought
up and if not solved, they were, in
most cases. brought nearer solution.
Following the opening remarks by
Supt. Brockert, Judge E. B. GodselE
delivered very interesting address
which touched on different phases of
school work.
Inspector W. E. Larsen then spoke
on ''The Relation Of Education to the
Development of the State. " The
relation is of course, obvious to the
average citizen but the speaker put
it before his hearers in a new form
Inspector Larsen has On inim1tably
brisk manner of address that holds
the attention of an audience to the
conclusion.
In the Round Table Discussion
led by John H. Ralph Dist. No. 4.
Liberty, and Christ Hartman, No. 2.
Waterloo. many matters of universal
interest to school board members were
brought before the convention.
One of these regarded the hiring OF
teachers. the question arising whether
they should be employed before the
annual school meeting or not. The
gist of the final decision seemed to
be that if the work of a teacher is
found generally satisfactory the school
board should take steps to secure her,
services for another year before the
annual meeting, if necessary, but in
all events the sentiment of the tax
payers should be found favorable
before contract is entered into.
The fact that most able teachers
secure their positions early in the
year was one reason advanced, why
school boards are usually anxious to
fill vacancies as soon as possible.
The total enrolment exceeded 100
The following towns were represented
many of them with large quotas
Wyalusing, Waterloo. WingviIle,
Little Grant, Smelser. Platteville.
Bloomington, Patch Grove Potosis
jamestown. Marion Mt Ida, Mt
Hope, Melville. Lima, North Lancas-
ter, South Lancaster, Clifton. Liberty.
E1lenboro. Hazel Green, Harrison,
Glen Haven, Fennimore. Cassvills
and Beetown.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1909-11-17

Port Hudson was besieged, and the
high water mark of the rebellion
was in sight, that a public meeting
Of these knights was Eeld in Potosi.
1t could not have been an accident, a
gathering of this clan. because on
the morning of the day of this gather
ing, banner on which was painted
rattlesnake. was stretched from the
old Bantll house across the street.
During the day anti war men gathered
under the banner. Old Glory was
nowhere to be seen. The speakers
were profuse with bitter anti-union
sentiments, such as would not have
been uttered before Capt. Schwan g
Company had gone. Loyal people,
men and women, watched the pro-
ceedings from the distance. 1t was
during the peroration Of one of the
speakers. that some one in the
audience pointed toward the Wis
consin House and exclaimed loudly,
Look there There was an ap-
parent CONSERVATION among the
assembly, the speaker stared silently at
the apparition. Over in the upper
window in the Wisconsin House a
loyal woman like Barbara Frietchie,
when Lees Army passed through
Frederick town, was waving the Stars
and Stripes. Efforts were made to
get to the room where the loyal
woman was, but she had taken the
precaution to lock the door. The
Stars aud Stripes waved until the
host dispersed. 1t was not long time
ago when an old lady told me that a
boy was seen upon the roof of the
house with fish pole and line to
look the flag from the window. That
was the last meeting of the kind
that was held in PUtosi. The rattle
snake banner disappeared during the
night. The battle of Gettysburg
and the fall of Vicksburg was the
beginning Of the end of the war.
The story of Potosi Barbara
Frletch;e has been denied, but the
statement from different persons, and
the admissions of her husband con-
vince me that it must be true.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1909-11-17
jubilee Bazaar Next Week.

On Nov. 23rd. gath and 25th St
Clements con gregation will give q
bazaar. The Jubilee year was opened
on Oct. IS, with Jubilee mission
which closed Nov. 1, 'O8, to which
everybody was invited. On August
26, 1909, religious and social cele-
bratlon took place in commemoration
of the 50th anniversary of st. Glenn
ent's congregation. Now to close the
Jubilee year another celebration of
financial nature will take place in the
way of bazaar to create a fond for
the comfortable heating of the build
ings of the congregation. The fol-
lowing will be some of the features
The entire first floor of ST. Clement s
school hall will be utilized for the
erection of booths il which various
articles will be on saIe-dolls. chill
drel s dresses, aprons, fancy needle
work, souvenirs of various kinds,
farm products Of various kinds,
poultry, wood, grain, ETC..
The doors Will open at 30 on eacR
afternoon and will remain open all
afternoon and evening. Admission
tickets will be sold to adults for %
cents. The red ticket is good for the
entire first day the green ticket will
be honored the entire second day and
the yellow ticket will be good for the
entire third day. Children will be
admitted free to the age of II. A %
cent supper will be served each even
ing from o'clock until all are
served Dining hall on second floor of
school hall; chicken pie supper on
Thanksgiving evening. Various en-
gram.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1909-11-17
Death of Harry Strong.

The body of Harry Strong, whose
death Was reported in last week s
Herald, arrived in Lancaster Thurs
day noon and interment followed
shortly after in Hillside cemetery.
Rev. Hannaford officiating.
Further particulars state that death
was caused by asphytiation. Harry
lived at the home of his uncle, j. O.
Twitchell, a wealthy piano manu-
facturer, at 1851 Grand Boulevard,
Chicago. He had retired Monday
night in his usual happy, light
hearted mood after spending merry
evening with friends The morning
following his aunt discovered his
death.
As the electric light bulb was in
proximity to the gas jet evidently the
boy had inadvertently touched the key
to the latter, as he turned off the
electric light. The key working
easily, allowed the gas to escape and
the window being closed the room
soon filled with the deadly fumes I'm
observed by the sleeping boy.
Harry being an optimistic. happy
disposition, was naturally one OF the
most popular students in the Wendell
Phillips high school.
At the time of his death he was
much elated over the fact that he
was pledged to the Kappa Phi
fraternity and was to have been in
itiated Friday night,
Two years ago his guardianship was
transferred from Lancaster to Mrs. j.
~. Twitchell His relatives were
deeply attached to the bright cheerful
boy and treated him as a son.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1909-11-17

is interested in public improve
ments was willing to advance money
for the work and await return from
collections without interest on same.
The painting was estimated to cost in
the neighborhood of thirty or forty
dollars. But as the collections grew
slowly. only averaging something
over one dollar q month, this plan
was abandoned, and the money collected
was used for toilet articles necessary
for the accommodation of guests. At
the rate contributions were being
made it would take nearly four years
to gather funds for repainting the
room; also damper was put upon the
plan by the chronic kicker, who said
sob it is good enough as it is. -
This statement is made now, in
stead OF at the end of the year, to let
sucn know the money is used as it
was intended, for the improvement OF
the place or for toilet articles and for
matron of roon for extra work.
The amount collected from Febr uary
Bird to November 3rd was $12. 81, Of
this amount there was used 81 80 for
sundry supplies and necessary ex-
penses. Therefore there remains on
hand 81. 81 which will be used for
necessary articles as required and a
decent couch is badly needed even
now.
The room is a great comfort to out
side guests and very nicely kept by
the present overseer. Mrs. Winchell,
NJ. S.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1909-11-17
High School Notes.

At the nesting of the Forum
Debating Club last Wednesday the
following subject was discussed by
the members: Resolved, That the
telegraph be abolished from all rail
road systems of the United States
and the telephone be installed in its
place. The prevailing sentiment
was in favor of the telegraph.
Anyone interested in these meetings
is invited to come on Wednesday
evenings at 7:3O
A new debating society has been
organized. It held it's first regular
meetingin the laboratory Wednes'y
and adopted name and constitu-
ton. 1t will be known as the
webster Debating Society" Ed
ward Kemper was elected pl esident,
Will Duncalf vice president, Fred
Philbrfck secretary, Floyde Suttlo
treasurer and Maurice Ziegler SER
geant at arms. Monday evening will
be the regular time of meeting I'M
less otherwise designated.
The following is the program
which was given by the Kairos Club
last Friday:
Song High School" School
Recitation. Irene Casper
News of the Alumni ..Ettie GriSwOld
PianonSolo ....................-.... Elisha Kinzel
Mask from Shakespearrs Tempest.
Leila Goble, Geneva Blackburn,
.-.--..-Genevieve Bennett. Helen Godfrey
Gems From Examination answers.
...................Lela Bennett
Song school Days''.................. School
Next Saturday the Senior and
Freshman boys will play foot ball
against the Junior and Sophomore
boys at the fair grounds. Every
one is invited.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1909-11-17
The Ladies Rest Room.

In the REST Room last February
was placsd little bank for penny
collections, with this thought in
view:
If collections gathered by such
small deposits from the many guests
using same would admit, to use same
for repaintipg the room in some
lighter color to make it more cheer
full, as we'll as cover up the patched
appearance caused by other improve
ments in the room. Had the collec-
tiOns justified the act. within two
years or so, lady of this city. who
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1909-11-17
Four Auction Sales.

Four auction sale announcements
appear in The Herald's auction
bulletin upon another page today.
One is that of Frank Taylor, adj
ministrator of the estate of the late
Russell Taylor, sale occurring tomor-
row, Nov. IS. The others are those
of Henry Knoke on Dec. 1, Writ
Kilby, on December 3, and Alfred
Duncalf, administrator of the estate
of the late Thomas Duncalf, on
December Z.