Wheeling majority. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1907-192?, 1909-12-30
ROasts ,
U. S. @Stta|''

Paul U. Kellogg, who is connected
with the Pittsburg Survey, handed the
United States Steel Cooperation a
number of hot shots at the. opening
meeting of the Twentieth Century
Club, held at the State Mutual restau-
-rant last Saturday evening.
Mr.. Kellogg spoke from personal
observations regarding the deplorable
conditions under whic- hthe men have
to labor. and said that the six-day
week had grown to seven, and the ten
hour day to twelve; that the men had
lificulty in maintaining the .acQuaint-
ance of their children.
Mr.. Kellogg said in part.
American spread-eagleism has ma
tured notably in the past ten years.
but there is still youth and ginger
enough in it to declare that WE CAN
DO it. The great civic responsibility
IF democracy in American industrial
districts is then just this, to come
lbreast Of and improve upon the
community standards reached under
my other system of government; and
20 do this in a democratic way as dis
inct from a despotic or pafernalistic
way.
With sue ha goal in view where
shall we begin? The Pittsburg Sur
vey was an attempt to get at a clear
view of the conditions of life and la
Dor as they found expression in TIL e
wage earning population of one Am
erican district. We brought to Pitts
burg for short periods men and
women whose experiences or achieve
ments in other cities fitted them to
make rapid, first-hand inventory of
the Pittsburg situation in their special
line. We attempted to bring down
our discussion of all. problems to
their effect upon actual families and
wage earners;s and we combined both
civic and Industrial Subjects within
the scope of our inquiries. These, in
their combination, distinguished the
survey on the one hand from the re-
ports made in other cities, such as
Chicago and Boston. along lines of
sanitary or civic Improvement; and
on the other hand distinguished it
from the exhaustive researches made
by other agencies into particular
problems of social we'll being-such
as tuberculosis, factory legislation.
infant mortality and public education
to name examples. =
There is something further, syn
thetic and clarifying, to be gained by
a sizing up process that reckons at
once with many factors in the life of
a great civic area, not going deeply
into all subjects, but. offering sub
stantial exhibit of the community as
a going concern. This is what the
examining physician demands before
he accepts us as an insurance risk,
what a modern farmer puts his soils
and stock through before he plants
his crops, what the consulting electrl-
clan performs as his first work when
he is called in to overhaul manu-
featuring plant. And this, in the
large, was the commission under
taken by the Pittsburg Survey.
For the most part, civic commits
sions and labor bureaus have not had
much to do with each other. Yet
these two factors as round in the life
of an Industrial district are utterly
1fors, notably representatives OF the
immigrant races of the district. These
investigations included that of indus
trial accidents. typhoid fever; the
women employing trades, hours, wages
and organization in the steel industry.
I can best illustrate the work and
the methods employed by the Survey
BY coming back tor my original propo-
sition: If the res onsible citizenship
Of an American Industrial community
; to meet standards it must address
itsel ito the conquest Of the physical
environments Of the city and the re-
.orranization and bordering of social
machinery.
AS an illustration of the cost OF
aa,ov n the conquest of physical en-
..,.onment this typhoid situation is
significant.
In cooperation with coiumDian
sa.t,oment we collected data for six
1910 for wear. showing the proper
ito moi wage earners among typhoid
patiens, the income before and since
the number of weeks sick the loss IN
wages by patients and by those who
are Obliged to give up work to care
for them, sickness expenditures for
s.ato,s nurses. medicines. foods, flu