davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-10-03

of the cards involve great expenditure
of labor and material, the packing of
them for distribution is no small matter.
AS the cards come in a stream from the
banding device they will he placed by
hand in tagbOard cartons, which will ac-
cOmmodate 500 cards each. These Cartons
are In turn packed In wooden cases and
stored away in a burglar and tireproof
vault prepared for that particular and
exclusive purpose.
The department requires that the cards
be packed in cases .of various sizes the
smallest containing 5000 single or 2oOp
double cards, cases of different sizes be
ing required in order that the acquisitions
may be filled, without further packing of
the cards, as they come in. whether they
be from the postmaster OF Squeedunk for
but 1900 or from one of the large cities
of the country for 10000 or more. Not
only the number OF cards to be put in
case and the manner of packing are speci-
fled, but also the thickness of the lumber
the manner in which the cases must be
built and even the size OF the nails to
be used.
At the present time there are but two
styles of government postal cards. the
ia by 51a inch card with which we are
all familiar and the double or reply card
which Is 51a by 61a inches. But after
January l a slightly smaller card will be
added. the dimensions of which will be
) by inches.
In order that the public printer may be
dOIe Hieet Tie ucllldiluS VI Inc
department. he will keep on hand at all
times a supply Of at least 30.0oO,600 cards.
This Is necessary because of the fact
that. as in commercial business. orders do
not come in with any degree of regular
ity. and a large reserve must be main
tanned in order that all acquisitions may
be filled without delay.
Many contingencies might arise which
would prevent the printing OF postal
cards for an indefinite period. for which
reason the public printer will maintain an
additional reserve of at least N.oO,pO
cards, making an emergency reserve stock
of at least 100000 cards.
While the printing has been done by
private contractors. 1t has been the prac-
tice to have an agent Of the postal service
witness the destruction of all spoiled
postal cards and spoiled postal card paper.
which spoilage amounts to more than a
ton each month. 1t is not known as
vet whether this practice will be con-
tinued after the printing is turned over
To the government office.
Nearly one hundred million OF the postal
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-10-03

eminent, and when its new buildings are
finished and its equipment fully installed
this autumn so that the scientists can en-
ter in earnest upon their novel investiga-
tions it is believed that this experiment
station above the clouds will contribute
more than any other factor to Increased
accuracy in weather forecasting. OF
course. the entire country will have the
benefit Of the advance information on the
weather thus obtained, but Washington
city and vicinity will be especially infu
enced owing to the proximity Of the OBJ
servatory to the District of Columbia.
The project of this weather bureau sta
ton for upper air exploration is not new
one. though the institution in its present
guise, and particularly its home. now
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-10-03

weather bureau officials, within some
miles of the observatory.
This isolation, which, as may be surmis-
ed, has had its disadvantages, is exactly
what the government wanted for Its oo-
servatory. There are number of reasons
for this. In the first place. the study Of
the upper air, demanding, as it does, the
daily use of kites or balloons, requires
locality with high average wind velocity
one where sometimes during each day
there is strong probability Of having a
wind OF at least eight or ten miles per
hour.
1t also calls for location ten miles or
more away from cities and electric night
wires, since in populous section loose
wires falling down as the result of acci-
dents to kites or balloons IN storm
would prove very troublesome and even
source OF danger. Besides. the sur
rounding country for fifteen or twenty
miles should be comparatively open, so
that lost kites and the costly instruments
they carry can be readily recovered. Sec
ondly, magnetic work Of the most impor
tant character is a feature OF the opera
tons Of this laboratory and this requires
a location remote from cities. Thirdly,
solar Investigations, which are likewise in
cluded in the research work call for a
place away from the smoke and dust of
cities and above the haze of the valleys.
Fourthly, the physical laboratory which is
part of the institution must be free
from the disturbing jars Of heavy traf-
flc. Added to all these specifications was
the supplementary consideration that 1t
was desirable to have this very important
part of the weather bureaus work done
as near as practicable to Washington, in
order that the central Office may be as
closely in touch with 1t as possible. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-10-03

NEW Weather Forecast
~ ing Station Is Located
in Mountains of Virginia.
Buildings Will be Completed
This Autumn Upper Air
Exploration Expected to Give
Accuracy to the Forecasts
Work Was Retarded by Dis
astrous Fire of October "a,
1oo7-Blaze Resulted in Loss
of Main Building, Contain
ing Laboratories and Offices
Kites and Balloons Will
be Used in Making Expert
ments.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-10-03

will be an impossibility.
Hardened steel plates or nickeled cleo
trotypes will be used in the printing, from
which many million impressions can be
made without any appreciate wear of
the printing surface. The dies from
which these plates are made are fur
nished by the Post Office Department., and
the Postmaster General reserves the right
to change the designs for the cards at
any time
1t would be quite interesting to witness
the operation Of these machines as the
wide band of paper is passed through
them. the paper slit into strips the length
of a card. these strips passed under the
widths. and the cards automatically
counted into packs of twenty-five each.
and the familiar band secured around
them.
While the processes in connection with
the manufacture Of paper and the printing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-10-03

which will be suitable to be written upon
with either ink or pencil.
One of the shortest sentences in the
specifications of the department is the one
In the paragraph relating to paper. which
says: 1T must contain no ground wood
cause Of past experience cannot be stated.
but it is one Of the most important from
the standpoint Of the users OF the cards.
A large portion Of the wood used in
papermaking has not been subjected to
chemical treatment, being what is known
as mechanical wood" 1t is reduced to
pulp by pressing large blocks of the wood
against revolving grindstones. which tear
the fibers from the mass. the ground wood
being washed from the stones by means
of a continuous flow of water. Though the
blocks of wood are placed so that the
ibers will be torn laterally. the grinding
action Of the stone has the effect of maxi
Ing them very short, which, with the in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-10-03

boards broken into small chips. The chips
are then passed under heavy rollers, which
bruise them in a way which will allow the
boiling solution to thoroughly soak them
They are then passed along revolving
screens. through which escape the d TT
and dust set free by the crushing. the
clean chips being carried on to the boiler
or storehouse.
Chemical pulp makes a much stronger
and better felted paper. susceptible to a
better finish. and there is little doubt but
that this requirement Of the department
VIII result In greatly improving the quail
ity of the cards. This paper will be
brought to the printing office in mann
moth rolls weighing nearly GOO pounds
each. and from each roll there will be
produced over 10000 cards
The printing will be done on specially
constructed presses capable of carrying
nearly 100 printing forms and making
more than 5000 impressions per hour.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-10-03
3RoFFE 55oR
ALFEEDJ.HEiNEY

varied requirements made il no easy task
to find an ideal site for the new institu-
ton, but the domain finally discovered in
the Old Dominion seems to have proven
itself possessed of exceptional qualifica-
tons.
One of the principal buildings in the
group of new structures recently erected
at Mount Weather is the physical labora-
tory. This is a three-story structure Of
stone construction throughout and with
immense pillars Of solid concrete support
ing the portico. The whole building Is to
be given over to scientific purposes. De-
partments for the testing of instruments
and the invention and construction of all
forms of apparatus will be conspicuous
features. The third floor of this $50, 600
building will be given over to spectro-
sccpic work of the most important char
acter. short distance from this lab
Oratory building is a handsome frame
dwelling Of the type usually found in resi-
dental suburbs. Since the fire this has
served as living quarters for practically
the entire staff at Mount Weather, but
when work at the observatory is Oh a
permanent status it will he converted into
a tWo-fa Hly residence for the use Of
couple OF the scientists. who will bring
their families to the mountain top
The main observatory and administra-
ton building, which will serve in sense
as the keystone of the Mount Weather
group is not yet completed. but will be
finished this autumn. This building,
which will cost $4,000. is a three-story
structure of fire-proof construction The
first story is constructed of solid concrete,
while the upper stories have a facing
of brick, backed with terra-cotta. Alike
to all the buildings at Mount Weather, the
whole construction, and especially the fit
ting of windows and DOORS has been plan
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-10-03

chemical wood and must not contain more
than 10 per cent filler" This will result
In its being firm and ''snappr,' and az it is
also required that the paper be of uniform
color, ''as clean and free from dirt, specks
and discoloration as the art of paper
making will permit suitably sized and
calendered, finished alike on both sides
with smooth, even, hard surface, one is
justified in expecting a satisfactory card,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-10-03

cards are delivered in sheets containing
sixty cards each. the object being 10
afford supply of cards III a form which
can be more readily handled by COM
inerCial printers. many OF whom have
Gust olnorS who require thousands of cards
with the same form printed upon them
The form TO be printed Ia set mp as many
times. or many stereotype or electro
type plates are made, as can he used 10
advantage. TINS making a great saving
in the press work and a considerable re-
duction In the cost to the user.
The same system of rigid inspection will
of course be applied 10 the postal card
stock as it is Delivered from the mill
as is applied to all other paper received
at the government printing Office. This
is particularly necessary because of the
fact that under the terms of the. Post
master Generals award TO the public
printer the former may reject all cards
which do not come up to the department
standard of excellence i'm quality OF
paper as well as IN typograph appear
ance. This inspection is done by board
composed of three officials Of the offlce
who from long experience have become
expert in Judging the quality of paper,
and no paper is accepted at the govern
ment printing office, and of course pay
ment is not made therefore, unit. this
board certfies to the public printer that
the stock is of the KIND and quality
agreed upon and equal in every way to
the standard sample
A more concrete idea of the magnitude
of the undertaking TO furnish the govern
ments postal cards may be formed from
the following figures showing the APP
proXimate quantity of materials used dur
ing the course of a year in their manu-
facture and packing: Postal card stock,
5. 100000 pounds; printing ink. 900
pounds; paper for banding cards in pack
ages. 14.45O pounds: tagboard for car
tons, 1900 pounds; lumber for cases,
$4,000 feet; ma Is. ~. $40 pounds; twisted
strapping wire, 1850 feet.
When the new cards make their ap-
pearance early In the new year the users
will no doubt congratulate themselves
upon the fact that at last they have
a card In which they can find satisfac-
ton in using and for which even the
most patriotic need not feel obliged to
apologize
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-10-03

ink-and that too without It's being nee
essary to use a stub pen. 1t is fact, long
recognized. that the stock used m them
at present is of very inferior quality.
The familiar spectacle of a postal card
bearing a message which appeared to
have been begun with writing pen and
finished with stick-and a very blunt
one at that-wiIl soon be one of the relics
OF by-gone days. The very commonplace
design used to give evidence to the fact
that ii is postal card and Is supplied
With all necessary postage will give way
to one Of some artistic merit Another
fact. and enc which has been greatly
deprecated. is that the postal cards sup
piled by the government to its patrons
are very much inferior to the cards of
some foreign governments.
-.
These facts had been brought very
forcibly to the attention of the Postmas-
ter General. and they SO impressed him
that, when the question Of arranging for
the manufacture of postal cards after
the expiration Of the current contract, De-
cember 81 of the present year. was taken
I'D, he gave to the commission having
the matter in charge instructions, the car
rying out OF which will give to the public
a much more attractive and. one might
almost say, more dignifed postal card
than that to which they have been ac-
custoned.
After the end of the current contract
period the entire work Of manufacturing
these cards for the government, as well
as the supplying of them to the patrons
of the postal service as at present, will
be done by federal employees, excepting
only what might be termed the prepara-
ton of the raw materials, among which
the principal items are paper and ink.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-10-03
A S III [ n G T o Ms

A S III [ n G T o Ms
unique weather.
forecasting outpost
in the mountains Of
northern Virginia
is on the eve of be-
j n 6 pronounced
complete. This in
Stitution, known as
the Mount Weather
observatory, is one
of the most impor-
tant under the gov
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-10-03

HE millions OF US
ers of the govern
ment postal card
will no doubt be
pleased to learn
that very soon
their Uncle Samuel
will begin to sup
ply them with a
one-cent message
bearer upon which
they can really
write with pen and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-10-03

crusting matter surrounding each fiber,
makes 1t all but impossible to produce
from such pulp paper which can be sat
isfactorly written upon.
On the other hand, chemical wood I'M
dergoes treatment which produces
longer t1bers and removes the incrusting
matter. Instead of cutting the logs into
blocks they are slit into boards, after
which the knots are cut out and the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-10-03

A novel feature in connection with these
structed SO that they can be locked in
such a manner to render impossible
the printing of even one card. and to I'M
lock the press will require the simultane-
Gus action of two dissimilar keys. which
will be in charge of two officials. each
having one key. so that the surreptitious
printing of cards by dishonest employee
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-10-03

among the nations of the globe with
for and devoted almost exclusively to
aerial research. A piece of land was Sc
cured in an isolated part of the Blue
Ridge mountains in Virginia and work
was inaugurated on an establishment that
is expected to do much to meet the
future needs OF meteorology and will
play most prominent part in ultimately
enabling long-distance forecasting-that
is, the forecastnS of a type of season
rather than the mere prophecies from day
to day such as are now gwen out. Tn
fortunately, however. the weather bureau
was greatly retarded in this new line of
work by a disastrous fire which occurred
at the newly established observatory on
the morning of October D. 1907. and
which resulted in the total destruction OF
the main building, containing the labora-
tories, offices, etc.
The whole project for this upper-air
exploration station represents a scheme
so new anG untried that it was feared
in obtaining the appropriations necessary
for the rebuilding of the structures need
ed, but this did not materialize and now,
almost on the second anniversary of the
fire, the officials are ready to take pos
session of new home that is much
more complete and pretentious in every
way than were the old quarters. More
than 100000 has been expended upon
the buildings of this lofty sentinel post
the one and only institution among the
weather bureaus 300 stations in all parts
of the country that is devoted specifically
to research work. Best OF all most Of
the new buildings are of the latest ap-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-10-03
BAL1ooN ARD KITE. HOUSE,,

ned with especial care in order to afford
protection against the high winds that
sweep over the mountains in winter. The
first floor Of the main building is to be
given over to offices. while the second and
third floors Will be occupied for the most
part by living rooms for the scientists.
Beyond the administration building in the
most Isolated part of the grounds are
two buildings from which the visitor is
barred If he carries a watch or offers a
disturbing influence of any kind. These
frame structures constitute the magnetic
observatory and the delicate instruments
with which they are equipped enable a
study Of this regular and irregular
changes in the magnitude and direction
of the earth's magnetic force. In this
same vicinity is a small frame building
that constitutes q shelter for the appara-
tus that has been set up for observations
Of the suns radiation.
One Of the most important acquisitions
Of this scientific community amid the
mountains is new central heating and
power plant. The power house, of stone
and concrete construction. cost, with its
equipment, more than $4,000. 1t con-
tains a 4o-horsepower engine directly
coupled to a twenty-five XIV. generator.
which supplies the current for lighting
and heating the buildings: operating the
machinery in the laboratories; producing
the hydrogen needed to initiate the ball
looms: making liquid air, and operating
the great reel upon which is wound the
looms that are sent aloft with recording
instruments.
The stone and frame building which
served as a powerhouse in the early DAYS
of the Mount Weather observatory is
now used as kite and balloon house,
and is the headquarters OF the five men
who devote all their time to aerial work,
under the general direction of William
r. Blair, and with the supervision Of
Prof. Alfred ]. Henry of Washington
the executive officer in charge at Mount
Weather. More than twenty-five kites
are constantly kept on hand. including
the models used by all the various for
eign governments that have undertaken
scientific kite flying. There have lately
been added to the equipment several
specially designed kites for use in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-10-03
IHEREELHOUSE

nearing completion, are of comparatively
recent inception. Some years ago the
scientists at various United States
weather bureau stations and at the Blue
Hill observatory near Boston took up the
study of the best methods for lifting self
recording instruments high above the
earths surface. Up to that time all hui
man knowledge of the conditions of tenn
perature, pressure, humidity, wind veloc-
ity and direction and other ingredients of
the weather had been based upon observa-
lions made at or near the surface of the
earth Spurred by the necessity tor a
better knowledge of temperature and 9TH
er conditions at great attitudes, the sci
entists first took up work with ingenious
forms of kites and this was supplemented
in 1904 by the use Of specially designed
balloons as vehicles for carrying the Their
mometers and other instruments to
heights that could not be reached by any
other means.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-10-03

proved tireproof construction SO that the
safekeeping of the valuable instruments
and the invaluable records to be obtained
is pretty we'll assured.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-05-22
EMMANUEL MOVEMENT
is CALLED QUACKERY

Boston.-Quakery menacing the
church was seen in the Emmanuel
mental and spiritual healing move
ment tonight by DIR. Thomas P.
Darlington, health officer of New
York, no made an address at the Epis-
copal congress. DR.. Darlingtons at
tack on the new psychotherapy was
made during a discussion of the idea
in which it was strongly defended by
Rev. Lyman P. Powell, of North
hampton, Mass.
THE danger of the movement is
not to the medical profession, but to
the church." said DR.. Darlington. 1.-The
church has at many times in the past
suffered from quackery. If psyche
therapy becomes a function of the
church the opportunities of such peo-
pie are multiplied"
Rev. Mr.. Powell said "The EN-
manuel movement is the first intelli-
gent and systematic effort to save
phychotherapy to scientific medicine
by placing the responsibility on the
doctor for the determination of the
times and instances in which it is to
employed, to save it from appropria-
tion to the use of schismatic cults by
reinforcing it with faiths common to
the Catholic and Protestant alike"
An attempt by so-called radicals in
the church to have members of the
other denomination invited to deliver
addresses was defeated by the gener-
al committee in charge of the con-
gress.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1909-05-22
STORY OF THE
BASEBALL MASK
WAS FIRST INVENTED BY
HARVARD BASEBAIiL CAPTAIN

First Thought of by Man Whose
Family Objected 10 His Catching
Because of the Danger-Wire Maker
OF Boston Assists With the Idea -
Harvard Baseball Captain Patents
it-First Mask Still at Bridgeport,
Conn,