davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09
HARD WOODS OUT WEST.
Experiments With Eastern Growth by
the Forestry Department.

Experiments With Eastern Growth by
the Forestry Department.
1t will interest of forests in
any section Of the country to hear that
the hard woods Of the east are to be
experimental with on the Pacific coast.
The United States forest service is
planning to introduce a number Of the
more important eastern hard woods
into California and will this year ex
pertinent with chestnut. hickory. bass
wood, red oak and yellow poplar or
tulip trees. Small patches Of these
trees will be planted near the forest
rangers cabins on the national forests,
and if these do well larger plantations
on a commercial scale will soon be es-
tablished on wider areas.
There are over 1875 different species
Of trees in California, a number Of
which produce some Of the most valu-
able varieties of lumber in the coun-
try. Although considerably over one
half Of the species are hardwood or
broad leaved trees, yet, with the eXcep-
ton of the exotic eucalyptus, there is
not a single species Of hard wood here
ranking in commercial Importance
with the leading eastern hard woods.
Climatic conditions in many parts Of
California are undoubtedly favorable
for the growth of a number of the val
liable hard woods. and the absence of
these trees is due mostly to unfavor-
able factors of seed distribution.
If the experiments are successful a
valuable asset will have been added to
the forest resources Of California
should prove of special benefit
to the local furniture and vehicle in
lustries. Chestnut and red oak are
highly esteemed fer furniture.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09
Ensilaoe Hints.

Three tons Of silge are, generally
counted equal in feeding to<one ton of
hay. A yield of fifteen tons of corn
per acre is considered a fair one.
A silo is not an expensive structure.
One built Of slaves to hold eighty tons
can be built inside Of a barn for $50
Good silage depends on the stage of
maturity of the corn, the air tightness
of the silo and carefully filling the silo
SO that the silage will settle evenly.
An animal will consume about a u
bic foot of silage Thirty to forty
pounds) daily. This can be used as a
basis for estimating the size of the<silo
needed.
Build the silo twice as high as it is
in distance across. Make it air tight
and strong enough to resist the lateral
pressure, often amounting to several
hundred pounds per square foot at the
bottom. .~
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09

possible. Get the 'star" colonies to
swarm so that the queen cells can be
saved and the queens introduced into
poor colonies. Such queens must first
have mated. and that requires extra
hives. If the queen cells r allowed
to hatch inside of cages, these: virgin
queens may be fortified by only a
handful Of bees in suitable small hives.
Use small frames of such size that
four Will fit into a regular brood
frame. The miniature hives will hold
two frames. A three-eighths incLs
hole is boxed at the bottom of one end
of the baby hive to serve as an en-
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09
4 BOY CAN MAKE TT

should be wen seasoned Steinl the
stand any color that suitss your fancy
and smooth lightly with fine sandpa-
per and give 1t Il or TWO coats. OF
varnish-
The lumber should be from, n to
one.and a quarter inches thick-'the top
and the shelf from twenty to'twenty-
four inches square The legs 7 three
inches wide and thirty inches long.
Fasten the stand together with finish
ing nails and set, the nails below the
surface of the wood. After applying
the stain fill the holes with putty col
ored with the stain used OH the stand
Make all orner and edges; straight
and square. Shape the shelf as shown
with a small compass saw. When the
stand has been all. fastened together
smooth the sharp corners very lightly
with the sandpaper, barely taking off
the sharp orner Thin cleats should
be nailed or screwed to the underside
of the top and shelf. A similar table
| built Of oak would cost from Soto $40
\ at your home furniture Dealers.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09
NEWS Of WORLD.
important Events Of the Week
IN Condensed Form !.
FOREIGN NEWS.

In response to an urgent summons
from Colonel Liakhoff, the Russian
commander of the shah's military
forces, Russian achievements are
fastening toward the Persian capital,
al the city IL believed to be in immi-
nent danger of attack from the revo-
lutionists.
The internal peace Of Morocco is
again threatened by the depredations
Of the rebel, Roghi, to whom a large
number Of the tribes are reported as
swearing allegiance. Another factor
is the series of raids conducted by
the suItan's rebenicus brother, Mulai
Kebir.
Advices received at Paris from the
governor of the French Congo state
that patrolling parties recently had
two sharp engagements with tribes
men, in which the French lost five
men killed and nineteen wounded. The
tribeamen were dispersed with heavy
loss.
The German reichstag further added
to the governments difficulties IN it's
proposed. financial reforms by reject
ing, by a vote Of 1874 to 1856, the impe-
rial ministry's; bill to extend Inherit
aEce taxes to direct heirs. including
widows and. children.
According, to news received. in Ma
Mia Lieutenant Noble, with a COM
pany of the Twenty-third consyabulary,
struck part Of the Davao mntineers
on the 18th and killed Sergeant Aca-
demia,. leader Of the mutiny, in the
ensuing fight
It il reported from Uskup, European
Turkey, that General david Pasha-
has suffered a serious defeat at the
hands of. 14,0n0} Albanian insurgents
near Petch in a. vain attempt tor dis
lodge them from a, nstrrow pass.
A large rowboats carrying five Amer
lean and. four English tourists and.
four Irish boatmen was swamped' in:
a gale while crossing Lower Killarney
lake. ALL. of the tourists and two. of
the boatuen were drowned.
Queen Victoria, Of Spain has gipsn
birth to a, daughter, The birth OF: a
princess is, particularly pleasing to
both the king and the queen, as tlnsy
had hoped that this child. the third;
would be- a girl. The first two chill.
dren are boys, Prince Alfonso, born
May 10, n07, and Prince Jaime. bonn
June 90, 1908. i
At least a DOZEN lives were lost,
and fifty persons injured in a fire in a
moving picture hall in Bel1agur, Spain.
The hall caught fire and a fearful
panic ensued, men, women and CHI
dren being trampled upon
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09
TERMINATION BOX.

some fairly good fields of corn will soor
convince any mar that poor stands are
responsible for a loss of 10 to Is pei
cent of our corn crop. All the euuip.
ment that is necessary are q shallow
grocery box, three to six inches deep,
and some blotting paper or pieces Of
cloth. The box is filled to within an
inch OF the top with wet sand or saw
dust. Over this is spread Il piece of
muslin that has been marked off in
checks an inch and a half square. The
checks may be numbered, or by mark
ing II corner it is easy to count in
regular order to any particular check.
The size Of the box depends on the
umbe of ears to be tested. A box
~ by 80 inches is large enough for
24O ears. In order to save tineA,a and
trouble the ears of corn should be
laid out IN a regular row side by side,
where they need not be disturbed. for
a week Or ten days. Then, starting\at
bne end of the row, take up each ear
in order and with a small knife blade
pick out six kernels. Place these kerr
.nels on the check in the germinator
r3A-
corresponding in number to the num-
Der of the ear in the row Of corn. The
kernels should be selected from differ
ent parts of the ear and not from one
spot. Cover the corn in the germina-
tor with some wet plotting paper Or
thick cloth and set the. box in a warm
place for q few days. If left we'll
moistened and kept warm the corn
wifi germinate,in five or six days.
There is much\to be learned from d
termination test. Usually the kernels
from some ears do not have the power
to terminate at all. Others, although
sprouting, show a lack Of vitality, Civ
ing weak, sickly plants, while some
grow vigorously from the'start. Those
ears lacking in vitality and gerninat
ing owe should be discarded. Such
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09
CONGRESSIONAL DolNGs.

The wood pulp provision, as adopted
In the senate. provides for the free
admissions Of mechanically ground
pulp, but it is provided that if the
president. finds that, the United States
is being unduly Disseminated against
by the imposition OF al export charge
on wood pulp or pulp wood or print
ing papess or that. the expectation of
these articles to the United States is
being prohibited, aduty Of one-twe1th
Of q cent per poundss provided for
The finance committees recomnuen-
dations on the lumber schedule were
adopted in the senate in every in.
stance AS adopted the schedule is
Is per cent behM the Dingley rates
and Us per cent above the provisions
of the. Payne bill. rs 1t passed the
house. .
The senate adopted amendments in
creasing the dlty ON shoes from IS to
20 Per cent ad. val0rem and fncreas.
ing the duty on sole leather from 5 to
10 per cent adj valorem, the lower fig.
ura representing the house. rate in
each
Within Eve, minutes the census ap.
preparation bill was passed by the
senate in the form in which it vas
passed by the house. The bill appro-
pirates 500 900 for taking the thir-
teenth census.
On the eve of the expiration Of the
current fiscal year the house author
lied an emergency appropriation Of
$1O,G Goo, 900 for defraying the expenses
of taking the thirteenth decennial cen
sus
The amendment of the finance COM
mittee fixing a duty of Is per cent ad
valorem on hides was agreed to in
the senate by 8, vote Of 46 to 30. This
Ia the rate Of the present law. Il
The corporation tax amendment to
the tariff bill. as approved by Presi-
dent Taft, has been presented g the
senate.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09
A Novel Mission Stand Table.

Tie stand table shown in the illus
traitor will be found a. welcome addi-
ton to the list of odd pieces of furni-
turc that are usually found in any
home. The construction of the stand
is easily within the mechanical posi-
bilities of talmcst any man or boy who
has a few tools. The uses that will
be found for the table will be many,
such, for instance, IL a reading table,
lunch stand, smoking table, ETC.. and
when stained Va light green it makes;
a very pretty flower or porch stand.
Any lumber may be used, but 1t
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09

ears are largely responsible for poor
stands of corn, and they make it neces-
sary to plant more seed than is needed,
thus making thinning compulsory.
It Is natural for the corn to cross.
There ia even an interval Of two to
four days between the time Of silking
and the shedding Of the pollen Of the
same plant. II the laws Of inheritance
holds true in plants as in animals
and al experiments lead us to believe
they dot u Just n important for
~ 10 know tho character Of the plants
that furnish the pollen, o.. IN other
words. ~ male parents Of our ed
coen. . - hnow tn seharactee ofsthl
plant ut bsaEs IL sar-the femaall
possnk
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09
THE DEATH RECORD.

Right Rev. Joseph b. Cotter. aged.
sixty.fve years, head Of the Catholic.
diocese Of Winona. MINI, is sdcssa 81.
q complication of heart tsasle aad,
Brghts disease. sg&
John r. Considine, formerly lro;,.is
etor Of the Hotel .etropsis, &
York, and widely known an eng s.
ing and theatrical men. lead
Miss Sarah sOrne Jewett, ssardseees'
as one OF the foremost wor Wri tf
.of America is dead SSs nth s..
Wick. Me. gS 58SsAs VI s@s sSi ssa g8ss
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09
The New Indian.

Ha HL re- 80 ENL ~ r. H-H=e
Poor Lo. may yet. Have . monumeat
CT his own, rearing-t1at' b. an exalted
position. aanong the. white races Of this,
continent Every yanr Canada reports;
an increase Of the Ind1an population!
Some estimates place the. number OF.
Indians In the United Srates today as;
high as at any time known to authan-
tic history. In colonial, days a coaple,
Of thousand whits'troops, eonstituteNa a
large. army. It is not likely that tf1eir
red. foe eutnumhered them more than
two. to one. But no:loRger ago thanathe-
seventies. after our- government had
bunched the Indians ina restricted: ter
ritory, the chiefs could get togatnef
1900 or 5000 lighting braves.
The majority Of the Indians in. the
United States are something: better
than semicivilized. Only a fraction
cling to sayagerx. Thousands 1--we
peaceably among themselves and on
good terms with the whites. In the
natural order of things their number
will increase. The unreclanmable saw
age is the, one. destined to die. out. As
things are, the Indian population here
remains about stationary and may
o show progress. as in Canada. The
new Indian IS in agriculture, In busi-
ness In college and yer in the ma
tionaf senate. Surely the modern red
skin need not die in order to score as
a .good Indian"
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09
I''rT n - Tl770S iVN3
Heat and Fresh Arr

It is ungrateful US well as tnwiss
to knock the weather man when the
mercury In the thermometer gets am
bilious Of a rise. One way and an
other summer heat lures and drives
humanity outdoors into the fresh air.
Thousands Of city folks sleep on
the roofs and in parks and squares
who but for the oppressive heat would
never .inhale during sleep so much as
a single breath Of fresh air. Outdoor
air is hot and even sitting, but far
less sitting than air shut between
walls and kept from motion.
City folks are not alone in prefer
ring the outside Of a house to the IN
side in summer. Even in the open
country a large part Of the house, espes /
ciaIIy in the upper stories, is too hot
for comfort. The country kitchen
travels to a shed or shady tree. The
table goes under a tree also unless
there is a spacious open porch. AT
night all doors and windows remain
open, the largest and ARREST rooms are
Invaded by sleepers, and everybody be-
comes a fresh air fend In the process
OF getting cool quarters. The moving
air may seem as hot to the face as
dead air but it is invigorating to
breathe. Players play harder and bong
or IL, hot werfr,ar shan i'm cool and old
out bscause they breathe more fresh
air in. twenty-four hours. And folks
who loaf should thank tire heat for
forcing them to Loaf in the open air.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09
Summer wasn't lost In those excep-s
tionally rare June. days; simply let go.
to get a, better hold.

Slump In Prices, and Trace.
A failing of Of about $20O.OO0.O00 i'll:
the export trade Of thts country for
the year 1909 as compared with the,
average Of 1908 and; 1867 Is apparent
from the figures gathered by the bu-
reau Of statistics. TIE causes n
nounced. for this. decline are q redilc-
ton lin demand, and . reduction. in
price Of, the articles, exported. In some
cases. the prices 4 the same as they
we're one or two, years ago, perhaps
higher; so the slump IN totals is due to
Reduction in the. quantity bought by
foreign countrdhs:. Where the old fig
ures Of quantity ore maintained the
prices, are lower:
The decline in demand for American
goods is not exceptional. All export.
ing countries: have felt It more or less.
Exports TO, our heaviest foreign cusesIl
toner, the. United Kingdom. declined
$64,OOO. 600, In the ten months ending
April. 1909. but the total decline In
imports By the. United Kingdom was
$~123,O0O.0O0. In the decline foodstuhs;
and manufactures share eqaally, and
these two. items represent fully nine.
tenths Of the fail In values. the remains.
ing testh standing for the loss on eot-
ton. For this item the quantity -
ported shows marked increase, but the
drop In prices will cause a slump. OF
about $2o,0o0,O0O in the total valse, for
the current year. @
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09
Farm ana
Garden
IMPROVING CORN CROPS.
termination Test and the Crossing Of
the Seeds.

termination Test and the Crossing Of
the Seeds.
Experience has taught farmers that
ordinary seed corn selected in the
spring from the crib stock does not
all come up, so they plant more than
is wanted or would do we'll on the
land, expecting to thin to the desired
stand. A better way is to plant seed,
all Of which will terminate and give
strong, healthy plants, using no more
seed than is necessary. The methods
commonly practiced do not give salts
factory corn even after it is thinned,
and replanted orn seldom amounts to
anything except to furnish a little
fodder. A little time spent in count
ing the missing stalks and hills in
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09
Changing tho Constitution.

aRS SNS0u8AuB VAO NOU0t1JWVAVWs S94s
The national constitution win surely
be a yoke II the people come to believe
that It cannot be changed for their benz
eft. Still, 1t Is a fact that d measure
Of relief-as. for instance. an income
tax-Inay find favor with the masses
and vet prove unequal to running the
gantlet Of both houses Of congress and
upward Of forty state legislatures.
Not only has the constitution never
been lightly changed, but 1t has never
been really amended without great diff
ficulty, and then only to adapt it to the
needs Of practically a new nation. The
first ten amendments, constituting a
bill of rights, may be regarded as a
part of the original work and neces-
sary to complete 1t. Without the elev-
enth amendment. fixing the status of
the states before the federal courts,
and the twelfth, creating the present
electoral system, the constitution would
not have been a working instrument.
The first ten were adopted when the
constitution was but four years old
and the other two after the lapse Of
eleven and. sixteen years, respectively.
The last three amendments were
forced by a political revolution affect
ing all Of the states. Changes wrought
by use and custom, sanctioned by freer
judicial construction, have perhaps
been more potent in adapting the con-
stitution to the times than formal.
amendments Of the text.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09

No point as yet in the Wright broth
ers' declaration tliat "the aerop}ane' R
as safe as,the automobile" Most aero
planes are as inert as a played out
watch ans go only. when carried.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09

An authority says that the balloon
ing record was made twenty-five years
ago and. the altitude is two and three
fourths miles. So ambitious aviators
will find plenty Of room at the top"
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09

American communities now project
ing fairs In the near future are taking
note that many Of the important build
ings Of the Alaska Yukon Pacific expo
sition are built for permanence. Seat
tie sets a good example in saving cost
fly labor and material that too often go
to waste after brief service.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09

Ch1oroform at sixty would have-
spared Chicago the spectacle Of oeto-
genarian burglars and INDICATED the
@sler theory.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09

DR.. Eliot soon found that people
don't care for a stars advice on the
best books to read. but r merely cu-
rious to line up a stars opinions along
side Of their own.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09

II comets have to do with heat
waves, astronomers would do well to-
keep their zeaF' for discovery on' ice
until the w~inter~solstice takes hold
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09
crop Conditions Nay I, 1904.

Crop Conditions May I, 1904
The crop reporting board Of the bu-
a of statistics, United States de-
partment Of agriculture. estimates
from the reports Of correspondents
and agents Of the bureau as follows:
On May 1 the area Of winter wheat
to be harvested was about 27,S71,OOO
acres, or 2,47s,OOO acres 81 per cent?
less than the area harvested In 1908
and 2,163,0OO acres az per cent? less
than the area sown last fall, 30,0S4.OOO
acres, which includes 10000 acres OF
winter wheat sown in Montana not In
Guided in the December estimate.
The average condition Of winter
wheat on May 1 was S3.5 compared.
with 1922 on April 1, 80 on May j.,
1908. and SO the average for the past
ten years on May 1.
The average condition of rye on.
May / was S8.1 compared with 81 on
April i, 9O.3 on May 1, 1908, and sd
the average for the past ten years on
May |. "'srs" "s--s
The average condition Of meadow
! (hay) lands on May / was 64.5 COM
! pared with 93.5 on May !, 190e. and e
ten year average on May loffS9sb.
The average condition Of pastures
on May 1 was SOL compared NTH PIG
in May ], 1905, and q ten year ayefaa Is
on May 1 Of 50. ! Il III.
Of spring plowins cal per Naa
completed up to May 1comparss6d MA tth
CSC per cent on May J., 1006,aau4Elst e9
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09

Tie governments ice plant effects a
saving Of 81 per ton. Still. that's no
proof that the average citizen can go
into the business and make his ice bills
look like 80 cents.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09

a foreign fleet .can easily invade
New York If the sailors Of the nd
vance guard come equipped with open
Spocketbooks.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09

Teaching girls to whistle is a high
or education fad which runs full tilt
against the classic saying, "Whistling-
girls and growing hens are sure; to-
come to some bad end"
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09

Crowd chasing a five dollar bill that
was blowing away blocked New
York's great thoroughfare. Chasing
and blowing FIVE dollar bills is a com
NOR occupation in New York. but as
it's usually done by the same people
the town isn't often upset taat way.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09

The way; some suppression now
rsents get to, work. the proper tide
would be-. -Society for the Swatttng'
OF"
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09

If the duty or, cocaine gets revision
upward out Of sight the ultimate con-
sumner needn't look for public symRa-
thy.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09

"All1 things come around to him who
waits" according to the philosopher,
but the Marathon runner isn't q phi
9losopher.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09

The Instant the THERMOMETERS riDes 10
Sse psop,lee n sorry that ttsyj Knocked
~ bsiatsd wtntsr.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09

It is not the that is ttesk'
myth so much as it lis; the stuff which,
he ought to be at work en-
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09
4 arm ano
Garden
LESSONS in HONEY CULTURE.

Mating Queens With Baby Hives
Suggestions For Apiarists.
There is a great difference In the
surface storing abilities Of the colonies
in an apiary. Some colonies + dis
appointing. After an apiarist has the
desired number Of colonies, swarming
generally is suppressed as much as
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09

So neal and yet SO far is by no.
means an unhappy Situation If you
mean, the north pole in dog days.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1909-07-09

The longest day this, yenr was also
the hottest: in regionsv where Old Sol
gpt, in record work.