The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-04-16


 he declared, that we must bear the white mans burden, but we insist that the credits as well as the debits be en- tered upon the ledger"
 Mir Ously sketched the educational de- velopment of Texas, showing that hin- drances 1t had encountered were com mon to all southern states. He said that the limitation placed upon rural school taxation was one of the cruelest of re- actionary statesmanship deemed as safeguard by the framers of our constitu- ton of 1875 as safeguard against the loot and corruption of reconstruction"
 In a comprehensive manner the speaker outlined the progress of the new educa- tional wakening which had taken definite form early in 1907. It had resulted, he said, in the establishment of many new schools and in the extension of educa- tional advantages to all parts of Texas. It had demonstrated too, again the wis dom and generosity of the people in all matters of public concern where they that in any southern community the cause of public education .is certain to encounter more or less opposition on &C., count of the mistaken notion that the ne- gro should not be educated or should not be too much educated. He should be edu- cated according to his nature .his needs and his destiny. which differ froiA the na- ture. the needs and the destiny of the white man as widely as black differs from white.
 "The man who advocates or contem- plates social equality Is a dangerous zealot or more dangerous demagogue. How ever, ito strengthen the weak to encour- age the downcast and to lift up the low lY-these are the first concern of organ ized social effort. and as far as they may fall within constitutional limitations they are the solemn duties of government
 1E T.0,.
 After discussing the agricultural, in- dustrial and social advantages of Texas, applying his remarks so far as possible to other southern states, MT. Ously said:
 If any peril threatens the republic it lies not among the comfortable farmers of our agricultural states, but among the disinterested toilers of the manufac- turing centers. Why. up wonder where they grow so rich 1t takes million toilers to make one multi millionaire and a thousand millionaires to hake one phil anthropist. Therefore, I plead for a pub lie policy that will promote the pros perity, the culture and the contentment of rural life and l sound the warning that therein lies the hope of virtuous and self-governing people.
 "In the old days We had here an aris- tocracy of wealth and culture whose beauties and delights the history of tho world had not matched. But 1t was doomed to fall because 1t rested upon the shoulders of human bondsmen Let Us rear in it's stead another southern arstoc- racy consisting of the uniform prosperity, enlightenment, contentment and sover- eighty, of the plain people to whose edu- cated intelligence is committed the de- mocracy of the ark of the covenant of an everlasting citizenship which in the early day was the type of the best Amer icanism and make it again the hope as in the beginning it was the strength of the republic of our fathers
 In his consideration of the question of Reorganization of Rural Life" Dr. John Lee Coulter of the University of Minnes sota took a somewhat pessimist view of the present condition of agriculture in this country. He maintained that 1t never could be elevated to the place 1t de- serves among the industries until 1t Is placed on a profitable basis.
 The American frontier Is a thing of the past" said he with it's disap- pearance the extraordinary movement of masses of people into the agricul tura force which caused the bulk of the moevment was a belief that agri- culture would be the most profitable in- dustry. This same movement brought with 1t a carelessness-often a neglect of detail=generally a slipshod method of work and of business. The evil re- suits we know only too well. Condem- nation is folly constructive policy is now demanded.
 Dr. Coulter then briefly sketched an other movement--a movement from the rural communities to the towns and cities. This meant the growth of cities and the establishment of the wactory system. Comforts and conveniences were offered in the towns that the country did not afford and many farm CTS of the younger generation em- braced these advantages by leaving the plantation or the farm. This economic movement he thought, was not entire ly to be condemned, because by better methods of farming and utilization of wastes the modern commercial system largely had been brought about and, to an expert, the movement toward the cities had been forced upon some farm CTS.
 Advice to Farmers.
 The sepaker strongly urged the farm CTS to work together for that combi- nation of quantity and price of their products that would bring the great est surplus. or profit. If the quantity threatens to be too large" he main tained, "one of three things must be decided upon. All goods may be sold to the best advantage at market rates. This Is ruinous and must be discarded. The second choice Is limitation of out put. This Is little better than the first; probably worse. It may prevent the low price and waste, but does not make any supply available in bad sea sons--does not relieve want and stirs up petty warfare. The third Is to look upon the product of a years labor as a stock of goods which can be converted into visible supply at will. In order that this third alternative may be car ried out intelligent sorting, grading, packing and storing are essential''
 Dr. Coulter expressed the belief taht if this policy should be developed, all agircultulre, as great oclection Of branch industries, would be most profit able. He admitted that 1t was selfish ideal, but added "the same system could be converted into a desire to be of the greatest possible service, based upon equity, or fair profit of all Then the effort would still be to sell for less than cost of production plus a fair profit; but never to hold for higher profit just because the power was present"
 At considerable length pr. Coulter out lined what he termed the new agricul- ture ini which men and women worked for a reasonable and just profit through economical, scientific and progressive methods.
 New Agriculture.
 When once this new agriculture is es- tablished the farmer will no longer ex- ploit nature and having done so sell the
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