Clarke courier. [volume] (Berryville, Va.) 1869-1997, 1909-12-29

no
Ultimate Execution b. the Liesdsmsr
OF Charles .. Of England.
a tale as stirring as any fiction cop,a
De based on the part played by the se.
uerrn'g IN the history OF some OF tho
prinsipai countries. writes Hugh NJ.
smith In the National Geographic Mag.
a~ihe- Its spawning and feeding
grounds have determined the location
OF cities. aud In several instances the
actual destiny OF nations and the fate
OF monarchs appear TO have been an.
vowed IN the herring fishery. Even
to-day the herring Is factor In EN-.
pire.
Countries In which the quest OF tho
nerrng Is an important industry are
me United States. the Canadian prov
lnces OF New Brunswick. Nova Scotia.
Quebec and British Columbia. New.
tonndland. England. Scotland. Wales
ana ireland. Norway, Sweden and
denmark. Russia. Germany. Holland.
Belgium. France. Japan and Siberia.
lie prosecution or the herring fish
cry and trade has been considered NOT
beneath the dignity of nobility and
royalty Fitz-Greene Halleck tells us
that
Lord Stafford mines for coal and sal,
me Duke OF Norfolk deals in malt.
Inc Douglas IN red behring's.
In 1917 the Duke OF York and other
PersonaScs OF rank formed a corpora
ton called THE Company OF the ROYAL
Fishery OF England" for the purpose
or carrying on the herring fishery In
the North sea. They built a fleet OF
Dutch buses" and manned them
with Dutch fishermen and then were
bankrupted by the capture OF their
vessels during a war with France. In
lf20 some 1900 OF 1.-The principal gen.
uemen OF Scotland" formed a com
pany for herring fishing. but were
quickly disrupted. leaving n mournful
lot OF stockholders.
In 100 the Prince OF Wales became
president. or governor. OF n herring
fishery. with a capital OF S2.JOOOO
whose members were among the first
men I'm the kingdom" one Of the pro-
motors being General James Ogle-
thorpe. founder OF the state OF Geor-
gia. Stock was taken with eagerness,
vessels were built quickly. and efforts
were made to learn the secrets of the
Dutch methods OF curing herring. but
the company soon suspended. and its
failure cast on the English herring
fishery an odium that continued for q
long time.
IL Is matter OF great historical in.
lRFn.f H..I,A "A
have been prime and perhaps the
most important factor I'm the over
throw OF Charles l.. whose attitude
townrd the development OF home and
colonial fisheries was nest unreason.
able and unfortunate. At a time when
the Dutch herring fishery had attained
such magnitude and importance that
II was regarded rs the right arm OF
Holland" and when the sturdy Dutch
fishermen were pursuing their lucra-
tive calling under the announcement
OF their government the English peo.
pie were chatting under the grievous
restrictions imposed by royal approval
on all who desired TO engage In fishing
anywhere on the American coast be
grees OF north latitude.
This effort on the part Of the crown
10 interfere with the cherished privi-
lege OF free fshing had begun under
James and was beQueathed to Charles
and was perhaps the first in the series
OF farreaching differences that sprung
UP relative 20 the prerogative of the
81
ject.
At the same time there was another
restriction placed on the fishermen NJ
home. When James assembled the
throne OF England his navy consisted
OF but thirteen vessels. and Charles
succeeded 10 war fleet but little
stronger and utterly inadequate to
cope with the navy OF the Dutch or
French
After Charles he'd been successfully
opposed by the commons in his plan 10
have no fishing conducted on the
American shores except by permission
Of the company OF "noblemen. knights
and gentlemen" known as the council
OF Plymouth he levied ship money
on the fishing and mercantile vessels
at home in order 10 build up his navy.
with the distinct object OF breaking
up the Dutch herring fishery on the
shores Of England and driving the
Dutch from THE four narrow seas"
over which England claimed jurisdic-
ton.
At the expense Of the fisheries and
navigation Charles finally fitted out
the largest war fleet England had ever
had and succeeded In his purpose. so
far as the Dutch were concerned. but
the levying Of ship money" stirred
up civil war at home. and Charles paid
the extreme penalty.