davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1909-06-10

ton of the future farmer of the noun
tains. Some agricultural subject de-
serves. and must have a place In the
common school curriculum, a broader
recognition needs to be given 1t in
the high schools, soon to be estab-
lished in Eastern Kentucky; and also
a manual training department must be
had in connection with these high
schools II they are to Wit
ally affect rural conditions In the
mountains. God has given to the
mountaineer a sturdy frame and a
sturdier spirit, why should he sell
the birthright of his children, by re-
fusing to break away from precedent
and send his boys and girls to school,
where the essentials OF farming, house
keeping. and the trades can be learned
and they return to cheer, bless and
make sacred the life of the home.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1909-06-10
IN WASHINGTON

The question in the Senate this
week has been whether American
makers of cotton cloth need higher
tariff protection. OF course we supply
three fourths of the worlds raw cot
ton (S4S1, 100000 but when it
comes to manufactures of cotton
England and France surpass us by
far. We do make many coarse cheap
cotton clothes, however, and supply
enormous amounts to China, especially
in the northern part. Senator Smoot,
who acts for Senator Aldrich In this
matter, wishes to furnish higher pro-
lection for the finer grades of cot
tons, while leaving the rates as at
present on the coarser grades. OF
course all the Senators from the cot
ton growing states are secretly in
favor of any and all kinds of protec-
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1909-06-10
THE BEST OPPORTUNITY

Every father or mother who is
worthy of the name is trying all the
time to do for their children all that
they possibly can. They have dreams
of seeing their little ones successful
and happy and respected, and they
are working in one way or another
to bring the dreams true. But chill
dren turn out differently, and it is
pretty we'll understood that one main
reason is because parents treat them
differently.
No one can deny that the best
thing a father or mother can do for
a child is to give it the best possible
preparation for life. Some parents
work hard to save money to give the
young folks a good start. That is good
as far as it goes, but money may be
lost. People who are less wise will
indulge their children, "spoil' them.
Neither of these courses shows the
highest wisdom.
The best thing is to make the child
right. What is put into him or her
cannot be lost or stolen-the worth
of the man or woman will produce
wealth more than any money that
can be left by the parents. And be-
yond all this is the real happiness
that comes and can come only to
those who know themselves and are
good, clean and upright and strong.
In building the right kind of char
acter in a child nothing can take the
place of home training. The father
anc mother must do the first and
most important work. But when 1t
is done, it Is not enough. There is
much that neither father nor mother
can possibly do. And the wise and
really good parent is the one that
knows this and, when the time comes
that the greatest good for the child
can be found outside the home,
is willing to give up the selfish plea
sure of seeing the child around, and
send him or her to the place where
that good can be found.
The training a young person gets
outside the home is known of course,
as education. Its results are clearly
seen in the young people who are
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1909-06-10
NEWS OF THE WEEK

after her. tho she was on the shore
of Goat Island. only $50 feet from
the brink Of the tremendous catar-
act. He reached her body, and the two
were carried against a stump and held
there for an hour by the current be-
fore help could reach them. During
this time the woman died and the
man was finally rescued almost dead.
His act is considered one of the BRAY
est ever known at Niagara.
DENY MASSACRES:- The Turkish
ambassador at Washington has given
out statement that not more than
1000 Christians have been killed In
Asia Minor, instead OF 25.0e0 as else
where reported. His story is doubt
ed.
MANIAC RUNS AMUCK:-A pig
sticker In packing house In Massa-
chusetts went crazy last Saturday.
and ran amuck. Using the big knife
with which he worked. he killed five
men and seriously injured three 9TH
ers before he could be subdued.
THAW LoSEs:-Harry X. Thaw's
persistant attempt to get out OF pay
ing any penalty for the killing OF
Stanford White leads him to OCCASION
al disappointments He escaped the
death chair on the ground that he
was insane. Now he has been try
ing to get out OF the insane asylum
on the ground that the trial Judge.
who sent him there, had no right 10
lock him up on such insufficient evil
dence. The Appellate Division of
tn Supreme Court OF New York. with
a wisdom as unexpected to Thaw as
It is unusual. has decided that he
must stay in Jail.
DISFIGURES. SISTER:-Flying in
to a rage because he learned that
his twenty year old sister was about
to be married. W. u. Blessing OF New
Orleans attacked her with a Ratchet
last Thursday and finally threw acid
into her eyes. She may recover but
will be disfig,ired for life.
RIOTS IN PHILADELPHIA:-The
brotherly love of that famous city
has been manifested recently In riots
in which over a hundred men have
been seriously hurt and the police
have been "powerless' which means
scared. The trouble came as usual
over a strickland after all II was
settled by each side giving in some
thing, and the men going to work
on about the same terms as we're Of
fered at first.
CHAUFFEUR TO JAIL:-Wllliam
Darraugh. the chauffeur who was re-
Gently found guilty in New York Of
manslaughter for running over a
small boy, has been sentenced TO
twenty years in Jail. We hope there
are a few cells vacant for some of
the others of this kind
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1909-06-10
AGRICULTURAL POSSIBILITIES IN
APPALACHIAN AMERICA
by HERBERT LEE HENRY

In all ages, in every land, and in
every civilization, the mountain peaks
in human character have sprung
from social conditions, the home life
of which was close to nature and ma
lures God
The great men of history, among
whom are Abraham, David, Cincin-
natus, Washington and Lincoln, have
all been moulded by the formative
influences of rural scenes and condi-
lions. This being true it is well
worth our while to consider the ma
terial and economic problems that
confront the farmer in Appalachian
America.
wish TO present in a brief way
some of the wrong methods of farm
ing in the mountains and to suggest
some way of lettering conditions.
First, the farmers of this vast re-
gion have for a century been cutt-
ing down their virgin forests, clear
ing new fields, and sacrificing the
poplar, oak, walnut, chestnut, spruce,
and hemlock to the demon fire.
Second, year after year these fields
have been planted to corn and the
loose humus-fllled soil plowed up
to wash off during the first beat
ing rain, to enrich the valley farms
miles below.
Third, a poor grade of stock-cattle,
sheep, hogs, and horses are bred, 10
be only half way cared for and sold
to drovers to be finished off for the
final market and for top prices.
Now what can be done to better
these conditions? First quit cutting
down trees until we learn how 10
do it with the least amount of waste,
and how to market them to the best
advantage. Some one will say, "But
we must clear more fields so as to
have a fresh soil to work as soon
as the old one is gone" But you do
not have to. Well what should we
do? Why, simply go to work with
barnyard manures, legumes, such as
clover, cowpeas, alfalfa, and rotation
of crops, and build up the soil ON
the old neglected field till good crops
can again be produced. But some
would say, 1--WE are not able to wait
for this slow process of regenerat-
ing the soil" Wait. II as much time
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1909-06-10
WHY NOT YOU?

Every young person is looking for
ward to making the best of himself
OF herself. Every such person who
is really in earnest, and who is
trying to find the best way to do
this will be especially interested to-
day in the young people graduating
from the different college courses.
These young people have done
just that-they have put in several
years of work putting training, and
information into themselves, and they
have thus made more of themselves
than any one can who does not get
an education.
Every one of these young people
has had to work hard for what he or
she got. Every one has made sacri-
fices. Every one has given up plea
sures, and closed their eyes to tenn
porary advantages and gone straight
ahead after the best thing-educa-
ton. Several of them have worked
lOl bACg ho'O 6Ce SAhA
you would have to. And today they
are getting the first installment of
reward-the diploma which proves
their worth. The much greater re-
wardc will be collected all thru life
in happiness and money and useful
ness and honor. They will so out to
make the world better. They will be
a blessing and honor to the people
who are their kin, and to the COM
munity where they were born or
where they may live.
There are probably a couple of
thousand young people on the Campus
today who ought to be planning to
begin the courses these young folks
have completed. Probably few hun
bred are making such plans, and the
rest are letting their opportunity slip.
The first class are the ones that will
win success ard honor and usefulness
and happine3s-the rest are the ones
that will spend their lives envying
their more successful acquaintances.
Which class are you in?
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1909-06-10

appearing on the platform in the
Tabernacle today. A finer set of
young people could not be found any
where-none so good could be got
together II only those without educa-
ton were chosen. The education has
added greatly to the natural worth OF
each who appears today, and it will
add to the worth of every good boy
or girl that gets it.
Different kinds of young folks need
different kinds of education. Many
schools teach only one thing, but
Berea teaches many, Berea is really
a group of schools Notice the boys
and girls trained as carpenters, farm
ers, nurses, teachers and so on
each for the thing best suited. And
so almost every young person can
find here the thing best suited. Few
schools anywhere, and none near here
offer so many varied opportunities,
all excellent, as are given in Berea.
Think what it would mean to be
a parent to have a child of his gradu-
ating from that platform today. You
can see some such parents in the
audience, and they are all happy look
ing. Think how pleasant it would be
to know that your children have the
best possible preparation for life
that they are ready to meet the Fate
that is coming to them! Think how
pleasant to know that they have
mingled here with the best young pee
pie from many different communities
and have made friendships which will
always be valuable and pleasant
These young graduates are people
whose parents have really done the
best for them. They are the ones
best fitted for life They are living
illustrations of the truth that the
parent that loves his children best is
the one that secures the best educa-
ton for them.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1909-06-10
WATCH FOR IT

The Citizen is sorry, because OF the
press of other matter, to be obliged
to come out this week without the
usual installment of the splendid seri-
al story which has been interesting
our readers. We are very sorry to
disappoint them even for one week,
but can promise that 1t will be there
in full next week, SO there will be
no permanent loss.
Next weeks Citizen will contain:-
A full account of Commencement
Day.
The rest OF DIR. Cowley's splendid
and helpful article on tuberculosis,
which begins in this issue.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1909-06-10
PRIZE BIBLES

Prize Bibles to be awarded-l9O9
Tuthill, Lillian. Bible ", College.
Marsh Elizabeth, Bible IL, College.
Bozarth, Willard. Bible /, College
Beecher, Henrietta, A. Bible
Academy. -
Howard Lorena, Bible Z. Academy.
Hobgood. Guy, Bible c. Academy.
Whit, Edward c., Normal w.
Long, Hardin. Normal III.
Randall, Jas. r., Normal III.
Denis, Slagle, Normal /, Div. /.
Jenkins, David, Normal, Div, 2.
East, Rufus, s Sr. l.
Russell. Jno. Jackson. Sr. II.
Gouge, Nottie. Sr.
Hays Ala, Sr. ii.
Beck. Myrtle, 6 Sr. I'll.
Bratcher, Gertrude, Sr.
Williams. Henry L.. 4 sr.
Smith, Laura b., Jr.
Brady, Fred d., Jr.
McWhorter, Stella, 6 Jr.
Lewis, Mabel, 5 Jr.
Anderson, Walter, 4 Jr.
Casteel, Pearl, 3 Jr.
Mcclure, Lee, ungraded.
COLORED GRADUATES.
Fisk University.
James Bond.
Robert Ely.
Blanche Atwood.
KENTUCKY NORMAL.
Robert l.. Combs.
KNOXVILLE COLLEGE.
Norman Williams.
Margaret Kavanaugh.
Zephyr Mays.
Mabel McElroy.
Frances Woods.
STATE UNIVERSITY.
Ode Miller.
Ethel Lewis
wILBERFoRCE UNIVERSITY.
Charles David.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1909-06-10


was spent in building up the soil of
the worn out fields as is spent in
clearing the new, 1t would soon be
evident to the mountain farmer that
he could afford to do the former.
Now what about corn? Should We
stop raising It? No would not say
to quit raising corn, but stop trying
to put every field except the barn
lot in corn every year. But what
should we raise in its stead?" Raise
the smaller grains, such as wheat,
oats, rye and such grass as timothy
clover, red top, and orchard grass.
but these grains and grasses VIII
not yield paying quantities and there
fore we can not afford II" Listen,
do you remember what heavy crops
of these grains were raised twenty
years ago on the same fields? Yes
Well the plant food for these has
only been taken from the soil, or
wrong methods of cultivation have
rendered it difficult for the soil to
give up these foods. Use some lime
or potash, pillow under cowpeas, or
best of all utilize all the barn yard
fertilizers. But will these smaller
greins replace in money value the
crops of corn?'- Perhaps not at first,
but listen again. The mountains were
rot made for grains. There is the
best opportunity just now opening
for the mountain farmer in the field
of diversified farming. The raising
of fruits and vegetables to supply the
rapidly growing demands in the min
ing and numbering centers that are
springing up all over the mountainous
sections of America. Can these be
grown? Most certainly. have seen
twenty-five acres of waste land
covered with wild strawberries from
which the people of the neighborhood
gathered a store for table use for
the whole year. Grapes thrive well
also on the sunny slopes of the rocky
fields where it is hard to raise any
thing else. These fruits can be mar
keted at a goodly profit j have
known OF several individuals who
make a respectable living on two
and one half acres of ordinary noun
tain land by scientific truck-garden-
ing.
And last, would not have the
mountain farmer to quit raising stock,
but If he would succeed he must
quit keeping four calves which would
sell for thirty-five or forty dollars,
and keep one; or / might say two
which would bring sixty dollars when
one year old, a thing have known
to happen. Also great strides could
be taken in the selection Of cows,
the raising of sheep on the mountain
range, and the more scientific breed
ing of hogs for the home and the
horses and mules for the general mar
ket.
All Of these things could not be
reached at a single bound, but to the
wide awake farmer success must
come with patience and labor. When
the farmers of Appalachian America
recognize that the most valuable
piece of property belonging to the farm
Is the sturdy boy who tolls uncom-
plainingly all day and sits at his fire
side at night, then, and not till then
will the keynote of the situation be
struck.
Now what can be done to give the
boy the chance he so richly deserves?
Simply make him your working part
ner, instead of a claim to be work.
ed for profit. And l would not close
without saying a word for the educa-
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1909-06-10

A fine article, of value to farmers,
by Francis Clark.
A helpful article on the selection
of the best possible school teachers.
Some of these articles will be Of
value to every one. Most readers
will find them all valuable. Don't
forget to read your paper thru, and
IL you haven't subscribed, do so now,
so that you will not miss this I'M
usually fine number
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1909-06-10
Remedy for Hoarsen.ss

A simple remedy for hoarseness and
an irritating tickling" in the throat
consists OF making a gargle of an egg
oea'eh 10 a roth and adding half a
glass OF warm. sweetened water. Drink
tnis every little while, rather than all
at once. as most men drink all liouIds-
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1909-12-11

HONEST DEBTS.
Bldg. Salt Lake City. Utah. ;.
Some People Don't Like Us
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1909-12-11
@ENzRAA
t]UHLTNBER

with his whole fleet and in addition
landing LOO infantry on the CheSa-
peake shore. Washington dispatched
Lafayette with 1.200 regulars from the
main army to cooperate with the
French and to assume command of the
forces in Virginia.
1t looked as If Arnold was Gagged sure
enough and there was great rejoicing
when big fleet arrived. But the re-
jolcing did rot last long. The fleet was
that of Admiral Arbuthnot. 1t had met
Destouches off the capes and smashed
the Frenchman. With the fleet came
5000 men under Gen. Phillips These
men were to unite with Arnold's, the
whole force to join that of CORVALLIS.
YORKTOWN.
The clouds hanging over Virginia
were growing darker The British.
tired of inaction, and now having
great preponderance of force, took the
aggressive, ascending the James river.
On March % they attacked Petersburg,
Muhlenberg, with 1000 milItiamen, con-
Quoting the defense. The British force
of 1900 was resisted stubbornly for two
hours. and then the Americans retreat
ed. The conduct of the militia won the
highest praise, and the resistance was
so spirited that the British We're de-
layed sufficient time to permit La
fayette to join forces with MuhlenberG
anu CH6CludIly prevent JulCllou VI
the commands of Phillips and Corn
wallis at Richmond. where they had
planned to come together.
Phillips after some raiding returned
to Portsmouth, where he died and Ar
mold resumed command. CORVALLIS
and Arnold Joined forces on May 20 at
Petersburg and then began that fine
game between Lafayette and Cornwall
lis, which resulted in the Yorktown sur
render. CORVALLIS looked upon Lafay-
cite as Insignificant. No doubt he was
far below the British lord In ability.
but it is unwisc to undervalue an op-
ponent. And then CORVALLIS was ham,
pered by his orders from Sir Henry
Clinton. When orders came for them to
retire from Virginia he planned to en-
bark at Portsmouth. but Yorktown was
forced upon him and when on Aug rs.
1871, the fleet of De Grasse arrived in
the bay CORVALLIS was doomed.
In the attack on the two redoubts
that forced the surrender the Baron dc
Vlomenil led the French party that cap
tured the right redoubt. and Alexander
Hamilton and Gen. Muhlenberg led the
American party that stormed the re-
doubt to the left, MuhlenberG being IN
command.
THE CLOSING CHAPTER.
So far as military matters were con-
cerned Peter Muhlenbergs career was
closed with Yorktown. He was made
| a major general. and n grant of 30. 900
acres of land in the Ohio valley was
made to him in recognition of his serv-
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1909-12-11

larger measure of freedom, religious
and political, in the New World, and
how they had gone into the wilderness
to get 1t. He told of his father, the
patriarch of the church In America,
and of his work. He told of his own
career, tf his trip to Germany as a boy.
of his attendance at the University of
Halle. of running away after striking
a brutal instructor, of enlisting in a
regiment of dragons. of returning TO
America and completing his education
under his fathers direction and of his
admission into the ministry.
And then he took up the wrongs of
the colonists. In clear, plain way he
sketched the attitude OF England to-
ward the American subjects. the harsh.
unbending, unsympathetic' character OF
the king; the insistence of the ministry
in imposing whatever in the way OF
taxation 1T saw flt to visit upon the
colonists; the denial of the right to the
colonists of having any voice or any
representation in the matter of tnNa-
tion; enforcement by military power of
the orders OF the crown when these or
ders conflicted with the legal rights OF
the people. and of a multitude of other
acts that had embittered the people. He
traced step by step the aggressions OF
the government, and named one by one
the privileges that had been withdrawn
from the people. With every withdraw
al of privilege the freedom of the peo-
pie had been restricted more and more.
Absurd laws had been brought into use,
the only purpose of which seemed TO be
to harasS, embaIraSs and madden The
people In his own case, for example,
how ridiculous 1t was to compel him
to go to London and go through the
form of being admitted to the Church
of England ministry before he would
be permitted to become pastor of the
Lutheran church at Woodstock He
told of the efforts made by the colonists
to protect themselves, first by appeals
to the governments sense of justice,
then by blunt refusal to submit to acts
that invaded their legal rights and then
by threats of armed resistance. In
words that aroused the coldest he told
his parlshioners that, although the
brunt of the contest was being borne
by the English speaking colonists, the
German colonistS of the Blue Ridge
valley and the German colonlsts
throughout the New World were no
less concerned. A struggle for freedom
was one of sacred character. Invasion
of the rights of the people was the
concern of all. He feared and he be
lieyed there was no withdrawal from the
stand taken either by the crown or by the
colonists. Each had gone too far to ac-
cept anything except complete sur