davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Los Angeles herald., 1909-09-05
EXPLORER TELLS
OF GRIM VOYAGE
BR0NZED BUT HAPPY N0MAD
SHOWS IRON NERVE
THOUSANDS cHEERAs TRAVELLER
RETURNS TO DENMARK
Or. Cook Declares He VIII Prove to
All Scientists He Reached Goal.
Has Valuable Data for
biologists
CONTINUED from Page Three,

real research. A great deal should be
learned about the winds, currents and
the tides. An immense amount of
work can be done; work of real value,
for any phenomena there found and if
understood will throw light on our
own conditions"
John R. Bradley, who financed Dr..
Cooks expedition, has submitted
vouchers and cancelled checks which
indicate that the planting of the
American flag on the north pole cost
nearly $4,000
At first it was said that the expedi-
tion had cost only $4,000, and Nj.
Bradley showed a Cancelled check
which indicated that DIR. Cook himself
had spent $1,000 of the total fund for
Individual supplies he required and
that he had $1,000 in cash with him for
incidental expenses when he started
on the dash for the pole from Green
land.
No definite arrangements have been
made for the reception of DR.. Cook 1r
America, but it is quite certain to be a
notable one. Efforts are now under
way to have him here in time for the
Hudson Fulton celebration. the last
few days of the month and the first
few days in October.
Los Angeles herald., 1909-09-05
TROUBLE CROPS OUT
AT STEEL CAR PLANT
ALLEGED LEADER OF STRIKE
BREAKERS MISSING
Several Men Wanted in Connection
with Federal Peonage Investiga-
ton Dlsappear-8uslness
Becomes Stagnant

PITTSBURG, Sept. 4.-Trouble has
cropped out in dozen different places
in Schoenville, where the plant of the
Pressed Steel Car company is tied up
with a strike. Several men wanted in
connection with the federal peonage in
vestigation are missing.
Samuel Cohn, the alleged leader of
the strike breakers; his chief hench-
man, big jack Shepard, said to be
former member of the Monk Eastman
gang, and Il. A. Farrell former chief of
the car company police, have disap-
peared from the city.
Two members of troop B, Pennsyl-
vania state police, quartered at Schoen-
vile, were arrested and court-martialed
early today. After a brief hearing
they were sentenced to dismissal.
Daily the condition of business in
Schoenville becomes more stagnant,
Los Angeles herald., 1909-09-05
HENEY RECEIVES
PUBLIC OVATION
toontlnued from Pare Ono,


minutes took place, and even after Mr..
Heney had spoken forty-five minutes,
the audience refused to disperse, calling
upon the prosecutor to go on.
Other speakers were Assistant Dis
trict Attorney John O'Gara, Hiram
Johnson and John w. Sweeney, former
president of the Metal Trades council.
Mr.. Johnson said that the fight against
graft in San Francisco had just be-
gun and that Heneys election would
insure a continuance of the prosecu-
tion.
Every mention of the names of
Heney. Rudolph Spreckels and James
municipal graft was the signal for an
outburst of cheers, handclapping and
waving of flags.
Petition in Evidence
In the lobby of the theater were
petitions in support of Mr.. Heney's
candidacy on an independent ticket,
the prosecutor having said that he
could not, under the law. accept the
Democratic nomination rendered him at
the recent primary. These were
signed by several thousand voters dur
ing the evening.
Heney said he had no apology for his
methods in the graft prosecution, but
he would, he declared, answer those
who had said the graft prosecution was
hurting business.
when our ancestors held the famous
Boston tea party business undoubted-
lv was hurt" said the prosecutor
Likewise, when Washington passed
his terrible winter at Valley Forge, in
stead of surrendering to the British
business also was hurt.
"And so it was in the civil war.
Business was hurt, and while business
wanted the war to go, it caviled at the
methods of Grant.
an the graft prosecution it is neces-
sary to ask what kind of business is
hurt, and then to reflect that President
Roosevelt characterized that kind Of
business as one that ought to be hurt
so badly that it would be blotted out. >"
Los Angeles herald., 1909-09-05
VICE PRESIDENT SAYS
NORTH POLE BELONGS
TO THE UNITED STATES

UTICA, N. Y, Sept. Allow does
the United States stand regarding the
ownership of the north pole as dis
covered by an American?" Vice Presi-
dent James S. Sherman was asked to-
day.
fright on top of it," answered Mr..
Sherman similingly.
1--WE own it, then?"
Certainly. The United States flag
was planted there by its discoverer,
DR.. Cook"
There is no commercial question in
the discovery to the United States" he
added. 1.-The value is purely senti-
mental to us. 1t is supreme honor to
have made such a great discovery"
Los Angeles herald., 1909-09-05

indignant at the idea that DR.. Cook S
statement of his discovery is held un-
true by some people. The pole surely
has been discovered. know DR.. Cook
personally, and I vouch for his au-
thority."
The Geographical society has invit-
ed DIR. Cook to lecture in Brussels.
He probably will be heard the same
evening as Lieut.. Shackelton, the Eng
lish explorer who recently led an ex-
pedition to the Antarctic.
Los Angeles herald., 1909-09-05
FORMER ARCTIC CLUB
OFFICER SENDS CABLE
POLE HAS BEEN FOUND

NEW YORK, Sept. 4.-Ralph L..
Shainwald, formerly treasurer of the
Arctic club of America, cabled to the
club from Copenhagen today, declar-
ing the North Pole had been reached.
Mr.. Shainwald went from Paris to
Copenhagen to represent the Arctic
club in welcoming DR.. Cook. The mes
Melville today, reading as follows:
Cook sends greetings to Arctic club
of America. Pole has been reached
without doubt. Wonderful demonstra-
tion here"
The Arctic club also received mes
sage from Rear Admiral George w.
Melville today, reading as follows:
do not give credence to reports that
Cook has discovered pole. (Signed)
Melville"
Los Angeles herald., 1909-09-05

RDEN, n. Y, Sept. 4.--The condition of
"a e. III. Hartman, Americas railway
IA king, who has been seriously Ill for
some months here and in Europe, was
reported tonight to be somewhat improved
A rumor is in circulation here, which none
of the Hartman household will confirm
that Harriman's physicians have recon-
mended a trip to his oregon ranch, ana
that a special train will take the magnate
westward within fortnight. 1t is said Mr.
Hartman personally considers himself able
for the journey, although he has had no
active interest in his gigantic business af-
fairs for several weeks.
Los Angeles herald., 1909-09-05
To Produce Reeswak

WASHINGTON, Sept. 4-Beeswax is
designed to become one of the staple
exports of Uganda. Consul Arthur
Carrots of Zanzibar declares the ma
tives of Uganda are becoming enthu-
siastic in the domestication of bees Tor
the production of wax This is one Of
the few products which can be export
ed at any profit from the land of the
Nile.
received of the time it took DR.. Cook
to travel from the eighty-second par
aIlel to the pole, admits that DR.. Cook
is the first person to reach the north
pole.
Los Angeles herald., 1909-09-05
SAYS MRS. COOK is
OVERCOME BY NEWS
OF HUSBANDS LUCK

NEW YORK, Sept. A message
from Mrs. Frederick A. Cook today in
formed her friend, Mrs. r. I. David
son of Brooklyn, that the explorers
wife was still in Portland, Me.
Mrs. Cooks reluctance to talk about
her husbands reported exploit was ex-
planned by Mrs. Davidson today
'I think" said Mrs. Davidson, that
Mrs. Cook is merely overcome by the
magnitude of the news that came as
unexpectedly to her as to the rest of
the world.
Reports of a GOODNESS between DIR.
Cook and his wife have no foundation"
Mrs. Davidson said.
Los Angeles herald., 1909-09-05
Wreckaee Crosses Pacific

VICTORIA, B. c., Sept. 4-The gov
ernment steamer Leebro. which re-
turned yesterday from Triangle island,
off the northwest coast of Vancouver
island, where a lighthouse is under con-
struction, reports that wreckage of
japanese sampans and some Japanese
hardwood trees, evidently washed
across the Pacific by the Japan cur
rent, have been found by the light
house builders.
Los Angeles herald., 1909-09-05
HAMBURG GEOGRAPHIC CLUB
INVITES COOK TO BE GUEST

HAMBURG. Sept. 4-The managing
board of the Hamburg Geographical
society has telegraphed the congratu-
lations of the society to Dr. Cook, in
viting him at the same time to be the
guest of the society on his way from
Copenhagen to New York.
In case of acceptance, the board will
invite distinguished geographers and
scientists from all parts of Germany
to take part in the reception to the
American explorer.
Los Angeles herald., 1909-09-05
MANY CHINESE STUDENTS
SEEK AMERICAN COLLEGES
Nearly Six Hundred OrIentaIs Assem-
BILE at Peking to Be Examined
In Competition

PEKING, Sept. 4.-Nearly six hun
dred Chinese students, ranging from Is
to 40 years of age, assembled in the
offices of tho board of education today
to take part in the first competitive
examination for college courses in the
United States.
The cost of these courses is to be met
with a portion of the Boxer indemnity
returned by the United States to China.
Los Angeles herald., 1909-09-05
EXPRESSES CONFIDENCE IN
EARNESTNESs OF EXPLORER

NEW YORK, Sept. 4.-Confidence in
the truth of Dr. Cooks statements was
expressed by Langdon Gibson, of Sche-
nectady, an explorer and a brother of
Charles Dana Gibson, the artist. lie
said:
'I have known DR.. Cook for a great
many years and have put in whole
year in the Arctic regions with him and
have never in all my experience OBJ
served anything in him other than to
make me feel absolutely sure as to
his integrity and earnestness of pur-
nose 4"
Los Angeles herald., 1909-09-05
TAFT CONGRATULATES
DISCOvERER OF POLE

BEVERLY, Mass, Sept. 4s-President
Taft today made his first official com
ment on the reported discovery of the
North Pole by Dr. Frederick A. COOK.
In answering a cablegram sent to
him by DR.. Cook reporting he had
reached the coveted point, Mr.. Taft
cabled his warmest congratulations, de-
claring the pride of all Americans had
been stirred by the news and the re-
Los Angeles herald., 1909-09-05
MANY FIGHT FOREST FIRE
IN NORTHERN WASHINGTON
One Hundred Men Go from Coeur
d'Alene, Idaho, to Combat
Big Blaze

SPOKANE, Wash, Sept. 4.-Nearly
100 men were sent out from Occur
dAlene, Idaho, this morning to fight
a forest fire near Hayden lake, the re-
sort where some of Spokane's wealth.
lest people have their summer homes.
The fire burned over about three
square miles Of land, but has done lit
tie damage as yet.
Ground will be cleared on top of a
hill which the fire must cross to reach
good timber, and 1t is believed this
will check the flames.
Los Angeles herald., 1909-09-05
ENTIRE PRESS OF ITALY is
CONTEMPLATING POLE FINDER

ROME, Sept 4.-The entire italian
press is extending an enthusiastic well
come to DR.. Frederick A. Cook, the
American explorer, who reached Co
penhagen today. Even Captain UNI
berto Cagni, who accompanied the duke
of the Abruzzi to the polar regions in
Los Angeles herald., 1909-09-05
SAYS AMERICA MAY
WELL BE PROUD OF
DR.. COOKS SUCCESS
nnTrc,c,rrT 6

BRUSSELS, Sept. Accommodating
today on the achievement of DR.. Cook,
M Lecointe, director of the Brussels
observatory, said:
"America may well be proud of the
success achieved by DR.. Cook. am
Los Angeles herald., 1909-09-05
nHer cook Eree Passaqe

BREMEN, Sept. 4.-The North Ger
man Lloyd Steamship company has
telegraphed an invitation to DR.. Cook
to be the company's guest on his
homeward trip to New York.
Los Angeles herald., 1909-09-05
TWO TONS OF POTATOES
ARE COOKED AT ONE TIME
Potato Day at Greeley, Colorado, At
tended by Thousands Who
Are Fed Tubers

GREELEY, Colo, Sept. 4.-Two tons
of potatoes, believed to be the largest
amount cooked at one time In one
oven, were pulled off the Goals here
today in the celebration of "Potatoe
Day"
The ovens had to be especially pre-
pared in a great field, and several hun
dred attendants were kept busy serv-
ing the hot .spuds' to thousands Of
visitors who thronged here on excur-
sion trains.
The object of the potato banquet was
to demonstrate the adaptability of this
section of the state to potato growing.
Los Angeles herald., 1909-09-05

Lose a good-pay tenant, or boarder7 Let
a want ad help you to take 1t like a philoso-
pher,
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-12-25

and acting mayor Of the eity BIG
Tim" Timothy d. sulliyau. The State
Senator. 70 nov the only one o. The
famous suliIvan6 left
Little Tin. When BE- 1rH started
% work. a mere boy. ran copy fof
the Newspaper men from The Tombs
police court 10 their 0Glocf. Later
be went into partnership uib Big
Tim" in q saloon.
Both had the genius Cor politics and
also shrewd Business heaaa Bob
made moaey and yei kspi their fol
l0slng o. lers prosperous days iati-
mates say thai "I1ttis Tin shs the
sFalns q ths elias suilivtn. ane thaf
% nnaurcd u4ny q hll beiisf'ksoEa
mrfSraI FeEfufrr
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-12-25
LETTUCE is ADVANCING.
Farmers About Gainesville Get on
Cutie Lot Friday.

Since the little jump In the prie,
Of lettuce the truckers of this section
were busily engaged all of Friday In
loading refrigerator cars for the pur
pose of getting the goods to the mar,
ket
For some time this vegetable has
been as low as 40 and so cents per
crate, which did not pay for the ship.
ping. and as a consequence the truck.
ers have ALLOW ed It to lay In the fiela
for the want of market, but the ad.
vance OF Thursday put them all busy
to cutting and packing,
The congested condition OF the mar.
ket Is due largely to the extra heavy
crop planted in South Florida. and
1t is stated that from ten to twenty
cars have been moving from that sec.
ton daily, but the general average OF
the crop was very poor. and this was
what caused the decline 10 the mar.
kets.
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-12-25
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC
SOCIETY DTSPLEASED
At Suggestion Of Admiral SChIey That PearyS Data
Be Sent to Copenhagen for Examination.

WASHINGTON. Dec. 24.--Rear AID
miral schley's demand that Command
er Peary submit his polar data to the
consistory Of the University OF Co
penhagen for verlncation, following
that body's reputation OF Dr. Cook,
has raised storm among the mem.
bershlp OF the National Geographic
Society, which gave Peary a clean bill
OF health
The leading members esaim that
the scientists OF the United States
would be bemeaning themselves n
they acknowledged that their findings
needed veriiicatlon. There seems 20
be no disposition 10 withhold from
the Copenhagen board the data iled
by Peary, bat there Is a well.donned
opposition against turning Il over to
the Danish scientists for official nc.
ton.
The argument advanced by Admiral
schley that such examination would
remove all question OF doubt from
the climax OF Peary has been found
Impeachable by American scientists
and therefore the question IL not
whether Peary Is right. but whether
The scientists are wrong.
Nothing can be gained by submit.
ling Commander Peary's data 10 the
University OF Copenhagen. said Prof !
who was chairman OF the |
'ommittee that passed upon Poary's
roofs. "and do not see any reason
Why he should"
Rear Admiral Chester. who attack.
d Cooks data some time ago, de.
bounced the proposition Of Admiral
ichley as absurd" he declared no
I'd not believe that the University
{ Copenhagen would consider max.
ne a request for the proofs, and that
be- whole matter was n mares nest.
10 also drew attention 10 the fact
hat the Royal Geographical Society
England and tho Geographical 40.
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-12-25

ciety OF Berlin had already acknowI.
edged Peary as the dlscoverer OF the
pole, and that the latter society had
planned TO honor Peary In Berlin next
year Also no touched upon tho YER
diet OF the Duo d'AbruEzl. himself an
explorer OF no small fame. that Peary
had placed foot on the apex OF the
world. as additional proof why the
demand OF Admiral schloy might well
be ignored.
That DR.. Cook was not decorated
by the King OF Denmark az has been
generally supposed. 10 the substance
OF statement made here last night
by DR. Maurice f. Esan, United
States minister 10 Denmark Dr..
Egan, who 10 on a leave Of absence
from his post, IL spending the holl.
days IN Washington.
Contrary to the general accepted
opinion, DR.. Cook was not decorated
by the King" said DR., Egan last
night THE King held his deeora.
ton back awaiting the decision Of the
University Of Copenhagen. The hon
orary degree the university conferred
upon nr. Cook and the medal which
tho Royal Geographical Society Of
Denmark gave 10 him. were not for
his supposed discovery OF the pole.
but for his previous achievements IN
polar exploration, particularly HE
work IN the Belglca expedition. Ha
viii NO, be asked 10 return these
lonora
III Commander PoaFy had appear
ID IN Copenhagen a short time after
70 discovered the pole. he would have
ecelyod a reception equally ~ on.
huaiaatIc from the King and tho peo
'le.
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-12-25

| music OF all four pieces. Facslmlles
Of the original manuscripts are repro
duced in the volume.
The history Of Yankee Doodle" Il
described as "a perfect maze of con.
flictlng stories" and countless add.
lions 20 and variations from the orlgl.
nal AS many as fourteen variations OF
the Star Spangled Banner" are
noted, accompanied by a gradual pro
cess OF polishing and modification.
The year In which America" was first
sung In public Is fixed as 1882 but the
exact place and date was not definite.
ly ascertained. Hail Columbia" u
strictly a product Of the United States
IN both words and music. In contradis.
tinctlon &c America" and The star
Spangled Banner" both Of which
partly originated In England Mr
volume is not free for dis
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-12-25
|hiGf Of Division Of Music
Says Dixie Is National Air

AsHINGToN, Dec. 24.-"Dixie"
l.y been proclaimed as first in
80 songs and music in patriot.
saanU"
The verdict OF o. G. Son.
me- Of the division Of music
war o. Congress. who has
from the Government
exhaustive report ON four
|... Eu'ieaI compositions.
Doodle though no longer
.'Ds i' stu a national air.
only to Dixie" in the
contest
80 s,'l and evolution Of ~Yap.
49, Star spangled Banner.
49,. -o'A and America" are
II. ~ '''ail in Mr.. sOnneck's
~ bed as far as possible.
..-.lon OF both text and
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-12-25
On Brain Of Millionaire
Hangs Legality Of will

INDIANAPOLIS. Ind. December "a.
Portions Of me brains Of George
Rhodlus. a milll0naire Who died a few
days ara IN sshltarium foF the
treatment of nervous diseases. yostor.
day were taken 20 the laboratory u
a paihologlst BY aaihOrlty Of the
probhis court and hIs report upon che
eondition Of The tissues may have
an influences Ia the disposition oi
Rhodius fortune.
Aiienlsis have been divided ~ %
Nhethsr Or not Rbodlns was insane.
since his alleged abduction % Louis.
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-12-25
IAV. GIVES REAL LIVE
WASHINGTON GOSSIP
Injector Loeb is Now Thorn in the Side OF Re-
publican Politicians High Up.

Big Chiefs. And they do not dare re-
move him, thanks to the ticklishness
OF public sentiment on all matters
pertaining to sugar. And wise Mr.
Loeb. Jr, knows they dare not place
the skids under him-at least not
now. And as for after while-well
Mr.. Loeb will look out for after while
after while. IT. r. will be here then.
That's what Mr. Loeb is waiting for.
but don't say anythlng.)
In the meantime Loeb comes to
Washington every week or so, throws
out his chest, looks wise, and SAYS
to the correspondents: Just had
talk with the President and the big
party leaders. They all endorse my
work up in New York. They want
me to keep the good work going. Get
the men at the top, is what they all
advise"
OF course! 1t wouldn't be healthy
politically to say anything else. No
one is denying the Loeb interviews.
And no one is going to deny them.
And Mr.. Loeb, Jr.. is Just loved to
death by the standpat Republican
leaders; oh, yes he is--NoT
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-12-25

VIE three years ago and his marriage
there 10 a woman Of this city known
~ Elmer Dare The woman's appeal
20 the indiana Supreme Court from
q lover courts annnlImont Of the
marriage on the ground that Rhodlus
vas insane nov IL pending
The contents Of Rhodins viii arc
not 70 b. made known until after
his funeral. bui ono II the dead mans
relatives already has filed In court a
complaint that be vas dsmsnted from
pafesls and IN the control Of eonsplra
tors when be- made the viii
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-12-25

fellou-Nofkmen on The roof vas a
eoufagsoas set John Rifk lay On The
edEs ~ The roof. Wblls Oscar Ioha.
800 efaHied over The roofs edge
and bans face downward. Kirk hold
ing him ~ the legs Johnson grab,
bea iaFiinEa wnsts and lifted ths
nearly exhausted man ~ main force
% ths roof level where rescued and
ffseuer we're hauied % safety b.
hirk shiie the crowd beiga cheeres.
~ nfema feiehe4 a. sesne iaof
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-12-25

Jimmy" Garfield, antiBallingerist.
says someone has been fooIIng him.
ne had Il all planned out 10 b. a
stAndpatier. because some folks told
him be could have the Ohio Governor.
ship nomination II be- would only slt
steady 10 the boat Nov be dlscov.
ers the villains had their fingers cross.
ed all the time Ne feels 40 lnsurEsd
that be l. contemplating going on the
warpath
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-12-25

4 gASHINGTON, Dec. .-(SpeclaD
-Iong Mr.. Loeb, who started out
, aenOgrapher, fell into politics
1entally, but is now (much to
chagrin OF the party in power)
elor for the port Of New York,
hying his wires to capture the New
4 GovernOrshlp.
N Loeb is an interesting chap, par
aafy to the Sugar Trust; also
NJ Cannon, Mr.. Aldrich, and 9th.
q the reactlonary group. II you
rot know Mr.. Loeb, you ought to
trQuainted, because his star is
beginning to rise. He is q politi-
y Of the new school, having learn.
hh trade under the tutelage of
D Master Politician. One of the
policies" which Mr.. Loeb picked
slHe sitting around the White
e was the art of forcing your
N htO the newspapers" It is
ln this connection, that Loeb
sufficient number Of canned
loas house scandals lying around
sfice in New York to keep the
X IN reading matter until spring.
ah the leaders OF the @. o. p.
As least idea of Loeb's prylng
SItion he would not now be col
for the port Of New York. He
more likely be minister to ST.
For II the truth must be told, |
ought to be, Loeb, Jr.,, is a
q lhons In the sides of the |
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-12-25

Senator Robert NJ. LaFollette OF
Wisconsin. one Of the revolution
lists Of the Senate. went TO the White
House TO see Taft about some Wis.
consin matters.
Tell the Senator 10 come back
early next week" was the greeting
from the Presidential Office.
Tell the President" replied Ia.
Toilette. that when be wants mo be
can send for me-"
Later Senator Dolllyer OF Iowa
another "reyolutlonlst IL reported to
have had the same experience.
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-12-25
Man Suspended in Mid-Air
Rescued by Fellow Worker

NV YORK. Dec IA uhoie
aaiiaiios Of orsmsB. 9Th asSaraius.
twaoa out yesterday % an alarm frots
q paHiesifiekeu erous ~ Bgooms and
ofesn streets uhsfs chhstisa Jssi
tHr 3 paiaisr. b. fsillsr fro,a . seaf
faid had rratpse tAs eags ~ . sire
siEa an4 hsnE ruspsuas6 10 mld air
iaF abeFs ths street gsFilnr's ssu,
pseiea gogsgh Brown fea fosr
sfpsia see ess hfnns eru,fs4
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-12-25

New England States, and the antaEon.
ism in that section against Aldrich
and Cannon is something amazing. l
look to see the next House Demo
cratic by a liberal margin. When the
New England States are hostile TO
the Republican party. look out for
Democratic landslldes In the West
and Middle West"