davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1909-12-02
COUNTY BOARD PROCEEDINGS
ANNUAL SESSION OF THE
COUNTY BOARD OF SUPER
VISORS OF. WOOD COUNTY
WISCONSIN,

Grand Rapids, Wisconsin, Novem-
Der 9th, 1909.
The County Board of Supervisors of
Wood County convened pursuant to
law, in annual session at the Court
House, in the city of Grand Rapids,
Wisconsin, on Tuesday, November
the 9th, 1909, at 2 o'clock, p. m.
The Board was called to order by
Chairman, O. G.. Lindemann.
The Clerk called the Roll and the
following members answered to their
names:
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1909-12-02

ter Irene Mr.. and Mrs. Simon Plum,
and Mrs. Plum, all of Marshfield
spent Thanksgiving Day in this city,
and family.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1909-12-02

C. R. Goldsworthy, supervisor
from the Town of Hansen, Geo.
Schmidt, deputy supervisor from the
Village of Auburnda1e and B. Host
erman, deputy supervisor from the
9Th ward of the city of Marshfield
were sworn in by the Clerk and on
motion seated as members of this
Board
On motion duly seconded and car
ried, the reading of the Journal of thu
last meeting, was dispensed with.
Communications read and referr-
ed.
Bills read and referred
Upon motion the Board adjourned
until Wednesday at o'clock p. m.
November 10th, o'clock p. m.
The Board met pursuant to adj
journment and was called to order
by O. G. Lindemann, Chairman.
Roll was called by the Clerk and
all members were present.
On motion the reading of the Journ
al of the previous meeting was dis
pensed with.
The Per Diem and Mileage report
for the July session was on motion
referred back to the Committee for
correction.
TO THE HONORABLE, THE
COUNTY BOARD OF WOOD COUN-
TY:
|, the undersigned District Attor-
ney for said County do hereby sub
nit my report in writing on the state
ments of the Justices Of the Peace,
COnstables, ETC., filed with the Count,
Clerk of said County and by him de-
livered to me in accordance with
the provisions of Sections 677 and
6SS of the Revised Statutes.
The amount set opposite the names
of the respective parties in the fol-
lowing report have on examination
been found to be legally chargeable
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1909-12-02
DIR. HUMPHREYS SPECIFICS.
Directions with each Vial in Five Languages.
English, German. Spanish, Portuguese and French.

No. FOR Price
1. Fevers, COMPOSITIONS, Inf1ammations ......25
2. Worms, Worm Fever, or Worm Disease. .25
3. Collie, Crying and Wakefuness of Infants 25
4. Diarrhea, OF Children and Adults. .......".25
5. Dysentery, Gripings, Bilious Colic.........25
r.. Coughs, Colds, Bronchitis. ..................25
8. Toothache, Faceache, Neuralgia. .........25
9. Headache, Sick Headache, Vertigo. ........25
10. Dyspepsia. Indigestion, Weak Stomach. rs
13. Group, Hoarse Cough, Laryngitis- ..........25
Ia. Salt Rheum, Eruptions, Erysipelas. ........25
Is. Rheuma tism, or Rheumatic Pains. ........25
Is. Fever and Ague, Malaria. %
H. Piles, Blind or Bleeding, External, Internal 25
L g. Ophtha mia, Weak or Inf1amed Eyes. 25
10. Catarrh, Influenza Cold in Head. ..........25
20. WhOoping Cough, Spasnlodic Cough .......25
Fl. Asthma, Oppressed, Difficult Breathing. ....25
"a. Kidney Disease, Gravel. Calculi. ..........25
%. Nervous Debility, Vital Weakness .....1 90
20. Sore Mouth, Fever Sores or Canker.
80. Urinary IncOntinence, Wetting Bed. ......25
81. Sore Throat, Quinsy and Diphtheria-
35. Chronic CONCESSIONS, Headaches ..........25
~. Grippe, Hay Fever and Summer Colds. rs
A small bottle of Pleasant Pellets. fits the vest
pocket Sold by druggists GENT on receipt OF price,
Medical Book sent free
HUMPHREYS HOMEO. MLDICNE CO.. Corner
William and Ann Streets, New York.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1909-12-02

No. u
StateOf Wisconsin VS.. James Will
liam, assault and battery.
Fees Of G. d. FritZinger, justice 81 II
s 8 Edward Quin. witness. So
No. 70
State OF Wisconsin VS.. Sam Pinpa-
nowski, vagrancy
Fees of G.. D. Fritzinger, justice So 80
William Berg, witness. -. / 08
" j. Z. WEIGH, officer 49,. l 81
No. "a
State of Wisconsin VS.. Geo. Lyanna,
larceny.
Fees of G. D. Fritzsinger, justice IS ST
8 j. d. Gibson, officer. -. %
g 8 John Garihee. witness. /. . So O6
No. Is
State of Wisconsin VS.. Ed. Morarec,
abusive language.
s. j. t. WEIGH, officer. $40 l 81
g William Berg witness. -. l O8
No. rs
State of Wisconsin VS.. John WollOck
larceny,
Fees of j. d. Fritzinger, justice So q
6 g John Lindahl. witness. =. | O8
No. II
State of Wisconsin VS.. Frank Wei
bauer, bastardy.
Fees of @. d. FritZinger, justice "a OIL
Clara GOden, witness. -. | 4S
No 10
State of Wisconsin VS. Frank Pipe,
assault and battery.
Fees of @. d. FrtZinger, justice So 50
e s. Mrs. Bertha Pipe, witness, "a
No. 70
State Of Wisconsin VS. Fred ZWicke,
receiving stolen goods,
Fees of q. D. Fritzinger, justice So 68
g . j. d. Gibson, officer 80. 27
g Rudolph Schiller, witness. 08
No. 80
State of Wisconsin VS.. Edward
Hokamp, assault and battery.
Fees of 6. D. FritZinger, justiceS28 80
g : DR.. Hart Boyer. witness A
(To be continued
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1909-12-02

Miss Anna Klug entertained few
Of her friends at her home Tuesday
evening in playing progressive whist.
At the close of the playing it was
found that Mike Hayes won first favor
and Miss Mae Griffin took consolation
in the second favor.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1909-12-02
CONTRACT LET FOR
INSIDE FINISHING

The building committee made up Of
stockholders in the Wood County
Natl Bank, let contract Tuesday to
the Wollaeger Mfg. Co. of Milwaukee,
for the furnishing and finishing Of
the interior of their new bank build
ing, which is now being plastered
The finishing material will consist Of
marble, bronze, and mahogany wood,
with tile floor, all of which is includ-
ed in this contract. Work will COM
on this job just as soon as the
is completed and dry
for work. They secured the
contract by being the lowest bidder.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1909-12-02

State of Wisconsin VS.. Johanna
Gentel, abusive and Obscene language.
Fees of Charles Hahn. justice. 81 90
:. A. E. Gerwing. officer II
No. 81
State of Wisconsin vs. Linus
Wright, abusive and obscene language
Fees of Charles Hahn, justice So II
:. :. A E. Gerwing. officer. 3 II
The Irish standard., 1909-02-06
ROOSEVELT WILL SPEAK,
Going to LIncoIn's Birthplace for
Centenary Exercises February IL.

Louisville. Ky, Feb. 1.---Only the
number Of persons who can be called
into a great tent will be permitted to
witness near lIodgcnvillc, KY. ON
February 12, the exercises comment
Grating the centenary Of Abraham
I.incoln's birth.
Though President Theodore Roose-
welt, Cardinal Gibbons, Bishop Gallo
way, former Gov. Folk and other men
of national Importance are scheduled
to make addresses not by any means
will all of those who wish to attend
the dedication be able to be present.
Tho program thus far includes the
dedicatory address of Mr. Roosevelt;
address by Gov Folk as head Of
the Farm associations; Gov. Augustus
Il. Wilson. on behalf Of Kentucky;
Gen. James e. Wilson, for the SOL
diers of the union, and Gen. Luke u.
Wright, secretary of war, for tho sol.
diers of the confedcracy.
Bishop Galloway will pronounce tho
benediction and Cardinal Gibbons the
invocation.
-Four trains will be run to Hodgen-
ville out Of Louisville on the day, the
third Of which with a fve-minute stop
in this city will bear President Roosc-
welt, who returns to Washington that
night.
The Irish standard., 1909-02-06
LEWIS WINS AGAIN
Is Reelected President of
Union Miners,
BEATS WALKER BY 10000
Report Of TeIlers Is Received-Other
Officers Are Elected-W. D. Van
Horn Leaves vice.Presidency to
John T. Dempsey.

indianapolis, Feb 4.-Thomas l..
Lewis of Bridgeport, o., yesterday was
reelected president of the United
Mine Workers of the United States
and Canada by a majority of more
than 10000 votes over his opponent,
John H. Walker, district president of
Illinois,
The report of the tellers of the bal
lots cast in the election of last Decem-
Der reported that as none of the can
didates for vice-president or secre-
tary-treasurer had received majority
of the votes cast, it would be neces-
sary for the delegates assembled in
the convention to decide the contest.
Ballots then were distributed.
Clash Causes Withdrawals.
Before the delegates had begun to
mark their ballots, w. D. VanHorn.
president of the Indiana district, arose
and withdrew as a candidate for vice
president. He had received more than
$4,000 more votes than his nearest RI
val, John T. Dempsey of Scranton, Pa.
"I wish to thank the unions you rep
resent for their votes for me-" said
Mr.. VanHorn, but because of the ac-
ton of this convention in deciding
against us in our controversy with
the national officers. I shall withdraw"
Cries of "No, No."
There were cries of "No, No." from
all over the hall.
"Too late, now" shouted VanFIorn,
II withdraw"
tration was not unmixed, however, for
on motion of President Walker Of
Illinois the convention adopted res
olution instructing that the operators
of the mines in Usage county, Kan,
must confer with the striking miners
in that field for the purpose of arriv-
ing at terms of agreement.
Other Officers Elected.
The other officers elected we're as
follows:
Auditors and credential committee,
John Mossop, North Lawrence, o.;
Harry Baker, Centerville. Ia; Patrick
Fitzsimmons, ELEPHANT, Pa.
Tellers-William Young, Ehrenfeld,
Pa; William Fftzsimmons, Dunmore.
Pa, and Arthur Blakely, Bonanza,
Ark
Delegates to the American Fedora
ton of Labor-TL. Lewis, Bridgeport,
o.: John Mitchell. Spring Valley, Ill. {;
John H. Walker, Danville, ILL.,; w. B.
Wilson, Blossburg, Pa; John P. White,
Oskaloosa, Ia; G. w. Savage, Column
bus, O., and Frank ]. Hayes, Collins.
Vile, Ill.
The Irish standard., 1909-02-06
TAFT AT CULEBRA CUT;
APPROVES GATUN DAM
Smoothes Out fractional Differences
Canals Completion by 1915 Pre-
dicted by Goethals.

Culebra, Panama, Feb. 2.-William
II. Taft and the engineers accompany
ing him arrived here yesterday on a
special train and made a detailed ex-
animation of the IA miles of the
Culcbra cut.
The fact that the existing plans for
the lock and dam at Gatun are salts
factory to the visiting engineers has
created a local feeling of optimism,
and the fears of delay in the compile
ton of the work have been relieved.
MIR. Taft expected that the views of
the engineers regarding the situation
at Gatum would be favorable, and
their findings consequently did not
come as Il surprise to him.
That Mr. Taft is acting as pacifica-
tor in the strong postelection factional
feeling which at times has been very
marked, is shown by the fact that invi-
tations have been sent to both Presi-
dent Ohaldia and Senior Arias, at ono
time opposition candidate for tho pres
idcncy, to the dinner and reception ar
ranged for tonight by Herbert G..
Squiers, tho American minister, in
honor of the American prcsident-elect
Air. Taft yesterday afternoon called
upon ex-President Amador, who is ill.,
Amador and President Obaldia have
not been on friendly terms for a long
time because of political differences
Mr.. Taft wishes to make it plain that
his cordiality is toward Panama as a
whole. and not toward ono political
faction.
Both sides Of the controversy which
has arisen through the commissary
system will be given a hearing, but
he will make no recommendation with
regard to the treaty, which refers tho
question Of arbitration. Without doubt
the commissary will continue, al
though so-called Injuries will he elm
mattel. Mr.. Taft has expressed full
confidence in the judgment of Sccrc-
tary Root in this matter.
Lieut.. Col. Goethals declared today
that naval vessels would sail through
the lock canal by January 1, 1915.
The Irish standard., 1909-02-06
AERohAuT CORPS oReANlzEp3
Milwaukee Mon viii Ask Congress fer
Equipment.

Madison. Wis, Feb. 4.-Artic1es OF
Incorporation were filed yesterday by
military aeronantlc corps. the first
In the United States. The name Of
the corps is the Wisconsin Nationals
Aeronantic and Signal corps" Among
the incJporators are DR.. A. Rudolph
Silverston. John Il. Hansen, O. J. Han
sen, +. j, Matchette and DR.. Louis
Fuldner, all of Milwaukee.
General James Allen, chief signal
officer Of the United States army. says
In letter to DIR. Silverston. the or
ganizer Of this corps. and also the
founder of the Milwaukee Aero clubs
II trust you may meet with success
in the organization of the aeronautic'
corps as troops Of this character will
be Of great value in time of war in
expanding the small body of regular
troops which will be available for this
duty"
The uniform and equipment will be,
Identical with that Of the United
States signal corps.
Congress will he urged to provide
the equipment and dirigible airship
for practice work.
The Irish standard., 1909-02-06
CLAIM A CANADIAN CITY,
Labodie Heirs Will Sue for the Site
Of VAUDEVILLE.

South Bend, Ind, Feb. &c. II. La
bOdie, treasurer Of tho Hamilton Ma
tiOhal Insurance Company, with head
quarters in South Bend, has completed
arrangements to file suit at Toronto.
Canada, to recover for the LabOdie
heirs tho site of Walkerville, Canada.
Twenty-Five million dollars is involved
LabOdie bases his action on a grant
made to bis ancestors by the govern
ment when they emigrated from Eng
land and settled In Essex county,
Canada, the grant including all Of the
land now known as WalkerviIle
Seventy-five years ago the Labodies
built a distillery which has now
grown into mammoth concern. About
1850, it Is claimed by Labodie, the es-
tate was unlawfully sold to Hiram
Walker.
The Irish standard., 1909-02-06
hNT|-AL|EN LAND
BILL IS DEFEATED
DREWS MEASURE LOSES OUT
IN CALIFORNIA ASSEMBLY,
Vote az to 28-Storm Of Protest
Arises Despite Elimination Of
Japanese Only"
Clause.

Sacramento. Cal, Feb. AFTER q
debate extending from II O'Clock yes
terday morning until p. m. the as.
semhly by vote of 4S to % rejected
the bill drawn by A. M. Drew barring
aliens from ownership of land in Cali
fornia.
The bill had been amended at the
request of President Roosevelt and
Secretary Root so that the clause APP
plying It to Japanese only was elm
mated, making the bill apply to all
aliens. but the measure aroused q
storm of opposition SO that long be.
fore the debate was closed by Mr..
Drew 1t was apparent that the meas
ure would be defeated.
In substance the objection to It was
that It would drive at least billion,
dollars of foreign capital out Of the
state and might ieopardize the pres.
ent friendly commercial relations
with Japan.
Carson. New. Feb. 4.-The assem-.
bly, of the Nevada legislature at tho
afternoon session yesterday passed
the anti-Japanese resolution as.
amended The amendments eliminate
all reference to federal interference
but urges the state of California to-
pasa stringent measures to exclude
Japanese. There was hut one vote,
against the measure-that Of Assem-.
blyman Church. Republican member
from Lincoln county. 1t is likely that
tho resolution will he delivered to the.
senate today. The assembly resolu.
ton No 2, which asks that feet OF
warships he kept in the Pacific, was
passed without question or amend.
ment.
The Irish standard., 1909-02-06
HELEN MALONEY WEEDS
OSBORN SECOND TIME
Again Bride of New Yorker Whose
Marriage Her Father
Had Annuled.

Philadelphia, Feb. 3.--Miss Helen
NJ. Maloney of this city and Arthur
Herbert Osborn Of New York were
married yesterday by Rev. Stephen M.
Lyons at st. GATHERINGS Roman. Cath
Ollie church, Spring Lake, N. j., where
Martin Maloney, father Of the bride,
has summer home.
The marriage of Miss Maloney and
Mr.. Osborn marks the elimination of
a. chapter of what may properly be
termed an international romance. It
began in October, 1907, when the So
cial world was startled by the an
nouncement that Helen Maloney had
eloped from her fathers palatial sum-
mer home at Spring Lake, N. j., with
Samuel r. Clarkson of London, who
had been a guest at the home of Mr..
Maloney, who is one of the wealthiest
men of this city and prominent so.
cially. Mi. Clarkson occupied good
social position in London and it was
understood that he was a sutton for
Miss Maloney's hand.
For a time after the elopement the
young couple were missing but Mr..
Maloney finally located them in ELL
rope and brought his daughter back
home.
In the meantime the discovery was
made that Miss Maloney had gone
through marriage ceremony with
Arthur Herbert Osborn of New York,
who was then a student at Princeton
university.
Finally the matter was taken to the
New York courts where action was
started looking to the annulment of
Miss Maloney's marriage to Osborn.
The annulment was granted on the
ground that they had never lived to-
gether.
The Irish standard., 1909-02-06
100000 SECURITIES GONE.
Sidney c. Loves Suspension 10 Costly
to w. II. Moore.

Chicago, Feb. 4.-The disappearance
of securities, supposed to be in the
strong box of the firm of Sidney c..
Love G Co., which quit business last
week, is said to have cost w. H.
Moore of New York $2,OOO,OOO.
When the announcement was made
that Love was going out of business
it was stated that Moore of Diamond
Match fame had come to the rescue
of his old friend and protege and
had advanced $2,O00,OO0 to take care
of the business abandoned by Mr..
Love. AS a matter of fact, Mr.. Moore
did not put up a cent. He simply ar
ranged for the taking over of Loves
trades by other firms and smoothed
the young mans exit from business.
The Irish standard., 1909-02-06

Pittsburg congressman has been ma
king an extensive sturdy of the subject
and has collected mass of data.
Since the introduction of my bill, I"
he told the COMMITTEES. 81 have had
communications commencing the
measure from individuals and COM
mercial bodies throughout the coun-
try, and l hope for its passage at this
session.
Some one has denied our right to
carry sucll law as is proposed into
effect without international agree
lnent. No such agreement is neces-
sary. We have the same right to re-
quire wireless instruments as to re-
quire ife-preservers on ships. The
right to enter our ports is one that
we can deny or make conditional. The
French assembly has followed our ex-
ample and begun consideration of a
measure similar to mine. No nation
will resent, but all will welcome the
passage of this bill by congress-"
The Irish standard., 1909-02-06
DOCTORS DEATH A MYSTERY.
LifeIess Body Found In Chicago Hotel
by Chambermaid.

Chicago, Feb. DIR r. Fl. Holyoke,
40 years old, Of Lincoln. Ncb., was
found dead in his room at the Windsor
Clifton hesel yesterday morning.
Whether he committed suicide or died
from an overdose Of morphine or
cocaine taken accidentally, the police
couldn't determine
DR.. Holyoke had been a well-known
physician of Lincoln for nearly fifteen
years, and was at one time county
coroner. A widow and daughter sur
vive him. Mrs. Holyoke obtained di.
vorce two or three years ago. Dr.
Holyoke came to Chicago nearly a
month ago for treatment for an all
ment, the nature of which his brother
a physician Of Lincoln, did not dis
close
The Irish standard., 1909-02-06
FLEET ORDERS ARE3 CHANGED.
Direct Contradiction of#EarIy Request
Graft to Navy Yard.

San Diego, Cal, Feb. AIN accord
ance with suddenorders received from
Washington, the entire torpedo fleet,
which has been in local waters the last
several weeks, sailed yesterday for
Mare island navy yard. These orders
are in direct cont radiction to those
received a few days ago, which pro-
vide for a. practice cruise north as
far as Port Hartford. The cruiser AL
bany also sailed.
The Irish standard., 1909-02-06
TELLS OF CORRUPTION FUND.
Interview with "Dry" Agent Stirs West
Virginia Senate.

Charleston, w. Va, Feb. 3.-An in
terview purporting to have been given
to a Huntington (W Va.) paper by
Theodore Alvord, former president
and now legislative agent of the Anti
Saloon league, charging that 81, 900, 900
has been raised to defeat the pending
prohibition amendment in the senate,
aroused members of the upper house
yesterday. Senator Adam B. Little.
page Of Kanawha county denounced
the statement as untrue5 and an
nounced that he would offer resolu.
ton calling for an investigation of the
charges. He further said he would
move the election Of Alvord from the
senate If 1t were shown that he gave
the interview. ~
The Irish standard., 1909-02-06
COMPLETES CANAL INSPECTION.
Entire Line Carefully Scrutinized by
the President-EIect.

Culebra. Canal Zone, Feb. 4.--Presi-
dent-elect Taft yesterday completed his
inspection of the entire line Of the
canal, for he visited and examined
the Pedro Miguel and Mirafores lock
sites and the Pacific entrance to the
waterway.
In the course of the oaMernoon Mr..
Taft received at CuleBra the men,
bers of the Isthman Red Cross So
ciety. TIC
Mr. Taft will leave Colon for New
Orleans Sunday afternoon, instead of
Monday, as previously arranged. The
engineers Of his party. yesterday were
at Cufebra examining data and re-
ports concerning the work on the
canal.
The Irish standard., 1909-02-06
FOUR SHOT IN COURTROOM.
Girl Arrested After Tragedy Which
May Cost Two Lives.

Fort Worth, Tex, Feb. 1.-Two per-
sons were, it is believed, fatally
wounded and two seriously hurt when
six shots were fired in the district
courtroom from the crowded corridors
here to-day. The trial of Willie Null
house was proceeding.
Dave Ross received bullet in the
back and arm, James Smith was shot
in the head, three bullets took effect
in John Haines' back and arm and A..
P. Wiley was wounded in the leg.
Verna Ware and her brother.
Charles Ware, were arrested charged
with the shooting. It. is thought
Haines and Smith will die and fears
are entertained that Ross will not re-
cover. Wiley will recover.
The Irish standard., 1909-02-06
TROLLEY COMPANY TO SETTLE.
Minneapolis, st. Paul & Suburban.
Files Gross Earnings Report.

The Minneapolis, st. Paul & Subur.
ban Railway company yesterday for
the first time filed report Of its
gross earnings with the state railroad
and warehouse commission. The COM
pnny, which covers the lines of the
Twin City Rapid Transit company to
MinnetOnka, White Bear and Stillwar
ter, will pay the per cent gross earn
ings tax to the state, but no taDes
directly to any of the towns and VII
lagos in which it owns property and
right Of way.
This action, according to Willard ].
Held. general manager Of the Twin
City Rapid Transit company. is the
result Of the decision Of the Mime.
sofa supreme court on the companys
ability to exercise the right of eminent
domain to condemn property for ter
the Minneapolis, St. Paul & Subur-
ban company to be railroad.
"This decision leaves US no alter.
natives" said Mr.. Held today. 1.-The
road is held to be railroad and there
fore Is under the jurisdiction Of the
state railroad and warehouse commits
sion. We must file our report and
pay the gross earnings tax"
In the report filed today the gross
earnings of the suburban lines are
given as $4O7. O6O.81. The 4 per cent
gross earnings tax on this will net the
state S16.282.43,
The Irish standard., 1909-02-06
FEARS INsANITY;2.klLLs SELF.
Horace Butler, Member Of Old Now
York Family, a Suicide.

New York, Feb 4:--Horace Butler,
a member of one of the Oldest families
of Manhattan, died in Flower hospital
yesterday from a bullet wound in the
right temple, inflicted by himself with
suicidal intent in room at the Hotel
Roland, where he had registered under
several letters In which he declared
that the fear Of going insane had
driven him to his act Of self-destruc-
ton.