davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-08-29

and Cohen is represented by one person, and that is a woman.
 That the trained nurse is not an en- tire1y modern person Is evidenced by the fact that the directory of 179S has the names of thirteen persons who advertise as public nurses" The great surgeon of the day was Dr. Samuel Ward, of No 46 Broad street, and the great phy- sician (for in those days the two call
 ings were sharply differentated) was pr. Romaine, residing at No 33 John street.
 Lesser New York had only one morn- ing paper-the Advertiser and the Commercial Advertiser had just come into existence as an evening paper. Noah Webster, of dictionary fame. was editing the latter paper. Peculiarly en- ough. it was a time when people wrote precisely, but spelled very much accord ing to taste or whm.
 New York then had a literary journal called the Time-Piece. It came out thrice a week, and one number reports a Christmas gathering of the German society at which the mayor, Richard Varek. presided. The health of the president of the United States was drunk, but the company also drank in silence to the memory of Queen Anne, [ who first promoted German immigra- ton. and before the meeting closed the mayor proposed the toast: May the descendants of Germans never disgrace their ancestry"
 The newspapers of the day showed little interest in foreign affairs, the evo- lution of the new republic was a matter of all-absorbing interest. Yet at that time Napoleon Bonaparte was in Paris, where he was being feted as the "Paci ficator."
 In 179S there was but one theatre in New York. It stood in John street and had been popular since colonial days. Study of the play bills shows that the popular plays were High Life Below Stairs" "She Stoops to Conquer" ""The School of Scandal" and shakespeares ''Tempest." Before the close of the year a theatre was built and called the Park and this soon became a fashion able house. There was a race track near Chatham Square, the races usually beginning al one in the afternoon.
 Battery Park furnished a pleasant , rendezvous of an evening. William street was the principal retail thorough fare. The folk of that day were slaves to fashion" no less than the people of today. A gentleman wore a queue and and powered his hair. Even the artisan class wore cooked hats. Women wore large, heavy hats, which one para | graphist refers to as particularly in- l convenient when riding In carriages. | In one of the papers a writer drops l into rhyme the butt of his shafts being 1 the cumbrous skirt of the ladies:
 Hail, mighty hoop, the thing of joy To ladies over fifty.
 To thee they owe the sprightly step 1 And bulwarks if they're thirty" l In 179s all the furniture in the fashion
 able houses was imported from Eng
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-08-29
WHEN GREATER NEW YORK
 WAS LESSER NEW YORK

Henry Waterman in N. Y World.
 A London musician, named William Priest, visiting New York in 179S, was so impressed by what he saw that he wrote a book, and this is what he had to say of the present-day American metropolis: New York is a London in miniature. Populous streets, hum of business, busy faces shops in style. Let London look to her laurels. Before the nineteenth century shall be quite over the little pro- vincial. lately colonial, town across the seas will be in dangerous proximity to London's greatness"
 On New Years day of 179s the little provincial town comprised only $40 houses. The estimated population of the area now known as Greater New York was Manhattan Island, 23,6l4; Kings county. 99Se; Richmond, 3152, and the portions of Queens and West Ches- ter, 13,000.
 The relative property value of Greater New York, as compared with a century ago. is almost more remarkable than the increase in population In an old docu-
 
 within the town limits Not a single building is rated at more than $5OO0, Nicholas Crugers house in Broad street is valued at S3200 Chancellor Livingston's in Broadway at S3000, and that of Gulian Verpank at 5000. The most valuable piece of property in town was the resi- dence of pr. Van Zandt, in Water street, which was rated at $5000. Peter Stuy- vesant's estate in the suburbs was put down at s13,0O0, but nothing within the town limits approached that figure unless one except the holdings of Trinity parish
 The town tax was estimated at the mod est sum of $150,000, while the bonded debt was only s9O0O0.
 Longworths register and directory is very small volume compared with Trow's directory of today. Among the names of the citizens of century ago are those of many leading families of the present. John Jacob Astor, who had been fin the country about fourteen years, oc- cupied a shop No. S1 Queen street, be- tween Cherry and Munroe. He sold pi- amos, imported from his brother in Lon don, and paid cash for skins of roccoons and musl<rats.
 Longworth's shows four Vanderbilts, of whom two were cobblers. John Van- derbilt, however. is set down as a di- rector of the Bank of New York. He resided in Staten Island
 The Roosevelts appear as sugar re- liners, their shop not far from Astors. Alexander Hamilton has a law office in Wall street, and so has the old firm of Campbell & Cutting. A Dutchman named Cryger dispensed porter and punch at No. 69 Cherry street There are not a dozen brokers in the whole directory, and the absence of Hebrew names Is notable. Only four persons bear the name of Levy,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1909-08-29

land, and as there were no factories and mills in this country, housewives raised their own flax and made their own lin- en. In those days people were, out wardly at least, more courteous than at present. When a gentleman met lady whom he knew he bowed and scraped his foot on the ground. When he had had enough tea he placed his spoon across his cup. One man, ignor- ant of the custom, had his cup filled again and again until he protested vol ubly, whereupon profuse apologies fol- lowed Afterward he never forgot that a hospitabe hostess considered it proper to press her guest unless the spoon were placed across the cup.
 St. Paul's church had been built about ten years and commanded a fine view of the Hudson and Jersey coast. Neither in St. Pauls nor in Trinity was there much singing. Chanting was considered popsh Sermons were long and often dry. so that at the close 1t was quite necessary to have a bell attached to the pole on which was the offertory bag. the jlngling bringing the slumberers back to life. But if the congregation were sleepy and inattentive they were not kind to any who jeered or scoffed at the preacher such critical folk were sum marily dealt with by law.
 Besides Trinity and St. Paurs there were three Dutch places of worship, four Presbyterian, one Catholic chapel one meeting house of the Society of Friend ship and one Jewish synagogue.
 Notwithstanding William Priests statement that the New York of a cen tury ago wore the aspect of business &C., tivity they took things pretty easily ct that time. They struck lights with flint and steel in a finder box; they knew nothing of gas and were content with tallow candles and sperm oil, and they were such stay-at-homes that two coaches week suffieed to care for the traffic between Boston and New York. Stage coach mall. both northward and southward, left three times week. and there were coaches from Jersey City to Philadelphia five times a week, stopping at Princeton for dinner.
 A hundred years ago people were hanged in New York for stealing: there was public whipping-post west of the city hall, and close by were the stocks where the unfortunate were pelted with ancient eggs. The jail is said to have been guiltless of discipline, new arrivals being bounced upon by their fellow prisoners and robbed.
 Beef, pork, salt fish, potatoes and hominy were the staple foods all the year. and rum was the common tipple of the people. The supply of water was not thought fit to drink and most of the people were supplied daily with casks, the water being taken from large pond, the site of which Is now covered by the Toombs prison Noah Webster writes of this pond as almost mile from the city," a statement that gives good idea of the area of the town.
 In the books and papers of that time Brooklyn is always referred to as a village, but Rockaway Beach had both 0 place on the map and a reputation, for even in those days little neck clans were brought from its shore as great delicacies, and its white sand was sprinkled on the floors of the public courts and offices.
 Such place was the Lesser New York.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-10-02

Nv YE awoke on Cape Robertson
W. and went ashore before break
w fast. The coast here rises
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-10-02

out into the bay and anchored for a
few hours. Oomanooi was but one OF
six villages in which the tribe had d.
vided its $50 people for the current
season.
To study the people, to further en-
courage the game of barter and to en-
Joy the rare sport Of yachting and
hunting in mans northernmost haunts
we prepared to visit as many villages
as possible.
In the morning the anchor was rails
ed. and the yacht set sail to a light
wind headed for more northern vii
lagos.
Ducks were secured in abundant
Seals were given chase, but they were
able to escape our craft. Nearing
Saunders island a herd of walrus was
seen on a pan of drift ice far ahead
of the yacht
Two with splendid tusks were OBJ
tanned, and two tons of meat blubber
were turned over to our Eskimo al
lies.
An Eskimo Widows Story.
Among the Eskimo passengers pac-
ing the deck was a widow, who. in
tears, told us the story OF her hfe-a
story which offered a peep into the
comedy and tragedy of Eskimo exist
ence. She had arranged den under
q shelter of Sealskins among the an
Choir chains. We had offered her a
large bed, with straw in it. and a
place between decks as a better nest
for her brood of youngsters. but she
refused, saying she preferred the open
air on deck.
She had come from American shores
and. as a foreign belle, her hand was
sought early. AT thirteen Ikwa intro
duced her to a welded life not strewn
with blubber. He was cruel and not
always truthful.
Two girls graced their home. One
was now married. When the young
est was out of her hood, Ikwa took
the children and invited her to leave,
saying that he had taken to wife
Ahtah. a plump maid and a good
Seamstress.
Nance had neither advantage. but
she knew something of human nature,
and soon found another husband. a
good deal older. but better than the
first. Their life was hard one, for
Nordingwah was not a good hunter.
but their home was peaceable. quiet
and happy. Two children enlivened
1t. Both were ut her side on the
yacht a boy Of eight the only deaf
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-10-02

It was noised about at Etah that prepa-
rations were in progress to try for the
pole most of the men on board the
yacht volunteered to serve.
Captain Bartlett, skipper Of the John
r. Bradley, said that he also would
like to stay; but, if compelled to re-
turn, he required at least a cook and
an engineer to take the yacht back to
Newfoundland.
The situation was eased when the
captain was told that but one man was
wanted. No group Of white men could
possibly match the Eskimo in his own
element The willing hands of a tribe
of $50 people were at my disposal.
More help was not required.
But companion and a general over
seer was in demand for this post.
Rudolph Francke was selected. An
nootok was to be the base of opera
tons.
But there is no harbor near this vii
1age to facilitate a rapid landing Of
supplies, and to hasten the departure
of the yacht on her homeward Eun
everything for the polar campaign was
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-10-02

shallow water. unknown rocks and
much ice drifting about no comfortable
berth could be found for the yacht. II
the overloaded decks were to be clear
ed at all 1t must be done quickly.
The launch and all the dories were
lowered and filed. Eskimo boats were
pressed into service and loaded. The
boats were towed ashore. Only a few
reached Annootok itself, for the wind
increased and a troublesome sea made
haste a matter of great Importance.
Things were pitched ashore anywhere
on the rocks where a landing could be
found for the boats.
The splendid efficiency of the launch
proved equal to the emergency, and in
the course OF about three hours all was
safely put on shore in spite Of threat
ening winds and forbidding seas.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-10-02

Following is the complete list Of the
supplies provided from John r. Brad
Iey's yacht for the polar dash of Dr.
Frederick A. Cook:
Eleven cases of -four, twenty cases
cornmeal, six barrels cornmeal, thirty
nine cases biscuits, twelve barrels bis
cults, four cases rice.
One case smoked corned beef, four
cases pork and beans. eight cases ham.
Eve cases bacon, fifteen cases pemmi-
can, one case beef tongue, two cases
Goldfish.
two cases potatoes.
Twenty-one cases sugar, six cases
tea, ten cases coffee.
Four cases milk, one case eating but
ter, one tub butter for cooking, one
tub lard.
One case soups, one case catchup. one
case pepper, spices. horsoradish. ETC.;
one case vinegar, pickles, mustard, etc.
One case assorted jams and fruits,
one case strawberry juice for drink
ing, one case salt, one case raisins and
currants, one case maple strip, one
case dried peaches.
Nine cases tobacco. one case wash
ing and baking powder.
Seven cases matches. seventeen cases
coal oil. lis gallons alcohol one case
candles. 11S bags coal, four stoves,
two alcohol stoves. lamps.
One canvas boat, one case rides,
1000 rounds ammunition, one Win
chester rife, 1000 rounds ammunition,
one thermos bottle.
Two pairs shoes, complete cooking
outfit, hickory wood for fifteen sleds,
from. copper, nails and screws.
Bedding. sleeping bags. one silk tent.
One box tools for ironwork, one box
carpenters tools, one pair ieldglasses,
one camera. with plates.
Two dories with oars, one dozen
panes of glass for windows, fifty feet
stovepipe. three chairs.
Twelve fox traps. one keg black
powder. one box books, 200 tin boxes
with wood outside.
Wood for building house. rope. Irvine.
charts. maps, instruments, compasses.
knives and needles for trading with
natives.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-10-02
Explorers Own Account
of His Journey to the
Goal $50 Hunting Adven-
turesAmOngtheE skimos
FIRST ARTICLEl

cause there were not enough wives for
all. By mutual agreement several men
had exchanged wives. In other cases
women had chosen other partners, and
the changes were made seemingly to
the advantage of all, for no regrets
were expressed.
There was an average of three fat.
clever children for each family, the
youngest, as rule, resting in pocket
on the mothers back.
Dwellings of the Eskimos.
The tent had raised platform upon
which all slept. The edge of this made
a seat. and on each side were placed
stone lamps. in which blubber4 was
burned. with moss as a wick. Over
this was a drying rack, and there was
other furniture.
On board the yacht there had been
busy days of barter. Furs and ivory
had been gathered in heaps in ex-
change for guns. knives and needles.
Every seaman from cabin boy to cap
tain had suddenly got rich in the gam
bic Of trade for priced blue fox skins
and narwhal tusks.
The Eskimos were equally elated
with their end of the bargain. For a
beautiful foxskin of less use to a ma
tive than a dog pelt he has secured a
pocket knife that would serve him half
q lifetime.
A woman had exchanged her fur
pants. worth a hundred dollars. for a
red pocket handkerchief, with which
she would decorate her head and tgloo
for years to come.
The midnight tide lifted the yacht on
an even keel from her makeshift dry
dock on the beach, and she was pulled
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-10-02

brought on deck while the vessel was
still at anchor in Etah. and below all
was prepared for the expected storms
of the return voyage.
Starting For Annootok.
Late in the evening of Sept. 1 the
entire village of Etah was taken
aboard, the anchor was tripped. and
soon the Bradley's bow put out on the
waters of Smith sound for Annootok.
The night was cold and clear, bright
ened by the charm of color. The sun
had just begun TO dip under the north
ern horizon. which marks the end of
the summer double days of splendor
and begins the period of storms lead
ing into the long night. Early in the
morning we were off Annootok.
The weather was now changed. A
Gtrong wind came from the sea. With
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-10-02

JOHN r. BRADLEY, BACKER OF DIR. COOK.
over Kane basin. into Kennedy chan
mel. but the experiment is always at
the risk of the vessel.
There was no special reason for us TO
hazard life; therefore the yacht was
here prepared for the return voyage.
This was to consume several days, and
we sought to occupy the time In ex-
ploration and sport
Much Game at Etah.
The vicinity Of Etah is notable as
the stamping ground of DR.. Kane and
DR.. Hayes in the middle of the last
century. There were no unexplored
spots in the neighborhood. but there
was good deal OF game near.
Far beyond. along the inland ice.
were caribou. but we preferred to con-
fine our exploration to the seashore.
The bay. waters were alive with
elder ducks and guillemots. while just
outside walrus dared us to venture on
an open contest on the wind swept
seas.
After ambitions for the chase and
local exploration were satisfied we
were told that the people Of Annootok,
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-10-02

wv re awoke on Cape Robertson
AA/ and went ashore before break
w fast. The coast here rises
suddenly to an altitude of
1000 feet and is crowned with an ice
cap. 1t is picturesque enough. Large
bays, blue glacial walls and prominent
headlands offer q pleasing variety, but
it is much like the coast Of all Green
land.
1t had, however, the tremendous ad-
vantages Of a southern exposure and
rocks. providing resting place for the
little aux in millions. These little
birds darted from the cliff CO the sea.
Rather rich grassy verdure also offer
ed an oasis for the arctic hare, while
the blue fox found life easy here, for
he could I'LL his winter den with fat
feathered creatures.
AS we approached the shore 10 men,
8 women, 81 children and 100 dogs
came out to meet us. I count the chill
dren and dogs, for they are equally
important in Eskimo economy. The
latter are by far the most important to
the average Caucasian in the arctic.
Only small game had fallen to the
Eskimos' lot, but they were eager to
venture out with us after big game.
At last Mr.. Bradley had found a suit
able retinue Of native. guides. and we
were not long in arranging a compact.
Free passage, the good graces of the
cook and a knife each were to be their
pay. A caribou hunt was not suffl-
GENTLY novel to merit a return to
Olrick's Bay, where intelligent effort
is always rewarded. but it was hoped
we might get hunt at Kookaan, near
the head Of Robertson Bay.
Setting Sail Fer Etah.
This venture, however, failed, though
it gave us an interesting chase about
dangerous waters. in a violent gale.
We returned to the igloo to do homing,
paid of our guides, made presents to
their women and children and set sail
for Etah.
Clearing weather after the storm at
forded delightful yachting weather. A
fairly strong offshore wind filed the
big wings OF canvas. The cool air was
bracing, while the bright sun threw
glittering smiles from slant to slant
The seamen forward sang Of the de-
lights of fisher folk.
A photograph sent music, classical
and otherwise, into the arctic air from
the cabins. At table there was a kind
OF continuous performance with a
steady hand and receptive stomach.
During two days of stormy discom-
fort several important meals had been
willingly missed. But In the arctic
food accounts must be squared as
quickly as possible.
On the following morning we passed
Cape Alexander and entered Smith
sound. Half gale came from the sea,
and we entered Foulke ford. The
town Of Etah was composed Of four
tents, which for this season had been
pitched beside a small stream just in
side Of the first projecting point on the
north shores.
Inside this point there was sheltered
water to land the Eskimos' kayaks.
1t also made good harbor for the
yacht. 1t is possible in favorable sea-
sons to push through Smith sound,
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1909-10-02
he Conquest of the Pole
By DR.. FREDERICK A. COOK

Copyright. 1903. by the New York
Herald Company. Registered In
Canada In Accordance With Copy
right Act. Copyright In Mex
leo Under Laws of the Republic
of Mexico, All Rights Reserved
Omaha daily bee., 1909-10-05
l.

CARPETS, Rugs, House, Etc, cleaned
by the compressed air and vacuum system.
THE IDEAL AIR CLEANING co.
200 Douglas Block. Both Phones.
Omaha daily bee., 1909-10-05

Advertisements for the want I'D
columns will he aaken untfl ~ m. for
n evening edition and untII st3O y.
m. for the morning and sunday edi-
tons.
Cash must aceompany ali orders for
want ads and no advertisement Will
he accepted for less than no cents for
fret insertion.
Rates apply 70 either The Daily Or
sunday nee.
Always count sir words 60 = line.
CASH RATES ron WANT ADS.
REGULAR CLASSIFICATION - one
Insertion, 4 Ia cents per word and 4
cent per word for each Subsequent
insertion. Each insertion made on
odd days, 1 1-2 cents per wOFdI $50
per line per month.
want sds for 7ne nee may be left
at any of the following drug stores
one IL your "Eorner dFuRRist"-they
are all branch offices for The Bee
and your al Will be inserted Just Ne
promptly and IN the same rates ne az
tho main office I'm n Nee building,
seventeenth and Fnrnsm streets'
BePanek. s. A.. los s. 18th 81.
Becht Pharmacy. Benson. Neh.
Bemis Park Pharmacy, SSd and Cunning.
Blake's Pharmacy, 2S5 Sherman Ave.
Coughlin, G. r., 9Th and Pierce SITS.
clifton HI Pharmacy 2sis Military Ave
Conte. ]. B., 31st Ave. and FarnRm ~
Crissey Pharmacy, 24th and Lake StA
Cermak, Emil ions S. 18th st.
Ehlers, p. H.. 2S02 Leavenworth St
Foster g. Arnold. 21S n. 18th st.
Freytag, John j., 1914 N. Ath St.
Florence Drug Co. Florence. Neb.
Greenough, q. A., 1924 +. 18th st.
Hanscom Park Pharmacy, l401 ). 18th 81.
Hayden. William c., 1920 Farnam ST.
Hoist, John, 514 N. 10th st.
Huff. A. L., 1924 L~eavenworth st.
King, r. S., 283S Farnam St
Kountze Place Pharmacy. 2601 N. 24th 81
Lathrop. Charles e, 1924 N. 2th ST.
Patrick Drug Co.. 1902 N. Path 81.
Snyder Pharmacy, 10th and Lake SITS.
Omaha daily bee., 1909-10-05
BIRTHS AND DEATHS.

Births-E. n, Bowerman, 1922 North
Twenty-eighth boy; Fred Kern, 1910 Dor
cas-, girl; Herman ThLessen, SlU South
Twenty-fourth boy; James Zeerulak, 1902
South Thirteenth, girl; Joe Naviatil, 1225
South Fifteenth, girl; Timothy Kelly, $3.50
Patrick avenue, girl; Salvatore Nanfito,
1901 South Twelfth, girl.
Deaths-John J. Kinney, 4SS South TWEEN
ty-fourth, SO; Amos v. Pearsall, 1912 Geor-
gia avenue, g.; Elizabeth #. Burt, 1864
Leavenworth, IS; Josephine Costello, 1894
Myrtle avenue, s. John j. Cooper, 2612 Sew
ard, u days.; Hulda Sandberg, 1850 Hamil
ton, as; John FlRnnery, st. Joseph's hos
pital. So; James Murphy, 243O Blonde, AZ.
Omaha daily bee., 1909-10-05
HELP ~WANTED-MALE
Factory and Trades--COntinued.

wANTED-Young bookbinder, two
thirder, with good experience as forwarder.
A good growing position. Hub, kearney,
Neb.
Omaha daily bee., 1909-10-05
LODGE NOTICE
Clan Gordon, Attention.

Ciansmen will please attend the funeral
Of late James Cuthlll, Tuesday, October 8,
at 2 o'clock, from parlOrs OF Bradley &
Dorrance, Nineteenth and Cunning. X. q.
Watson, Chief; James c.. Lindsay, Sec.
Omaha lodge, No. /, Royal Achates, will
give a social dance in Baright hall, Nine
teenth and Farnam. Tuesday night, Oc-
tober 5. All members Of the order and
their friends bear this in mind. No cards
of admission required. Union music. Tick
cts, 25 cents.