The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1909-09-19

storage warehouses, where eggs, pOul-
try and meats are sometimes kept for
two years. 1t would be possible to
have partridge in the middle Of sum-
mer were it not for the game laws.
Is it any wonder then that the tour
ist from England or the continent IS
astOunded when he visits this country
and sees how much ice is consumed
and how abundant it is7 In England
even families of the middle, well-to-do
classes seldom have ice. As a nation
the Englishman does not believe much
in cold drinks, and, therefore, but lit
tie attempt has been made to intro
duce the general use Of ice there.
The business founded by Frederick
Tudor was that Of trafrlcking in ma
tural ice, but natural ice had It Iimi-
tatlOn5, and, although vast quantities
Of 1t are now being shipped, the other
phase Of the business, that Of artificial
Ice, is making giant strides, and ice
factories are now forming in almost
every country under the sun. In the
West Indies, n CentraI America, in
South America, IN Africa, and, indeed,
wherever a Yankee may be found may
also be found an ice plant, for the
American, If he IS going to live in
warm climate, is also going to have
means for having his iced drinks when
he wants them.
Nor is It on land that icemaking has
been brought to a high efficiency, for
nowadays practically every naval YES
sci IN the world that is capable of
making an extended cruise is fitted
with icemalxing machinery, No first
class passenger ship would be at all
attractive without such & plant, while
there are many small steamers that
have been built for the carrying
trade between the West Indies and
Central America and this country that
are equipped with rerrigerating ap-
paratUs.
The liners that ply between Australia
and England and the continent bring
millions Of caTCesses Of sheep and
beeves across two oceans in their cold
storage compartments. All this has
been developed within the past fifty
years. but the greatest development
has been within the past ten or twelve
years. It might be said, however, that
the business has not yet scratched the
surface and has a splendid future.
The production OF cold by artificial
means had its beginning in Egypt
where ice and snow were not available
The Egyptians discovered that by first
heating the water and then exposing
It TO the night air in receptacles
wrapped IN straw the water the next
morning was cooler tnan the atmos-
phere.
From Egypt the knowledge spread,
and the Greeks took it up, as did the
Romans. Those people, however, had
the advantage Of being able to procure
snow and ice, and it is said that Nero
was the first man to establish an ice
house. Snow was gathered and packed
in cellars, and it kept fairly well.
But anyone can store away Ice and
keep Il, or at least keep q certain per
centag6 OF il, but In countries where
there is no snow or ice and ice is
wanted il IS necessary 90 manufacture
It. As far back as 1850 Blasius Vile
fr8nca wrote upon methods Of making
fee and carried on experiments. In the
centuries since there have been hun
dTeds Of others who have written and
experimental, but II remained for Dr.
Gorrie, an American, to produce a ma
chine that would reduce water TO a
solid state. In 1850 the physician ex-
hibited his machine, but It was laughed
at. People Of those days were prone
to laugh at things out Of the ordinary,
and five years later DR.. GOrrie died,
without having been able to see his
patent carried out.
There were others who were working
or LIle lOedy ana III 1906 Llo uTSL aTIl-
fetal plant IN this country was estab-
Hshed IN New Orleans. In 1870 there
were four such plants in the country.
in 1880 there were thirty-fve, in 1890
there were 200, IN 1900 there were 500,
while now the number IS estimated at
1000, and there are now very few cities
OF any size that are without them.
IN the making Of ice there are two
systems used, commonly known as the
Compressor" and the absorption" sys-
tens. The former system, by far the
most common. involves three successive
steps, respectively, called compression,
condensation and expansion. Anhydrous
ammonia, or ammonia which contains
no water, is subjected in the gaseous
form to q pressure OF from 125 to us
pounds per square inch by means Of a
specially constructed pump.
The next step is the reduction Of the
compressed gas to liquid. and this is
done by condensation and by passing
the gas through coils Of pipe in con-