davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-11-17
HORSESHOE LUCK.

An Old Myth That Goes Back to the
Greeks and Their Sea God.
OF all the emblems for good fortune
the horseshoe stands among the first.
Everybody knows it is unlucky to pass
a horseshoe on the road without pick
ing it up. 1t is a luck emblem of the
greatest power. We are indebted for
this statement to old tales centuries in
age that have descended from father
to son, from mother to daughter.
through the years.
The old myths repay research. The
luck of the horseshoe has a most re-
spectacle beginning. 1t is traced to the
religion of the old Greeks and their sea
god, Poseidon. who was identical with
the Roman sea god Neptune.
TO Poseidon horses were sacred. and
to him they were sacrificed. Poseidon
was believed to have created the first
horse when be struck the ground with
his trident and a horse sprang from
the hole, which afterward became a
spring. The sea god was the lord Of
springs. To him all springs were
ascribed. In the shape Of a horse he
sometimes wandered by the shores of
his ocean domain, and where he struck
his boots deeply there the waters gush-
ed out and permanent springs were
found. This is the reason why horse
shoes are reckoned lucky. Going to the
root of the matter, one sees a nature
myth as the root principle. From the
sea all rain comes. and to the sea all
springs owe primal origin. and to the
rain and the fresh waters, sea derived,
we owe all fertility or earth.
The old Greeks therefore w%orshiped
Poseidon as the fortune giver through
his springs. They gave him horses, his
precious beasts, and they adored the
footprints Of horses when they found
them, for they might be the very foot.
prints of the god himself.
When the horses came to be shod the
transition of the luck emblem from the
footprint itself to the shoe mark, prac'
tically the same thing. was easy.
Pegasus. the winged horse, from
whose hoofs the water springs gushed
c~opiously when he came to earth, has
been credited with the origin of the
horseshoe luck.
The horseshoe was a specific against
earthquakes. 1t would keep a house
safe from harm by earth shaking
Again one perceives the sea myth
Poseidon was the shaker Of the earth
Team Owners Gazette.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-11-17
SWINGING THE ARMS.

The Habit . Relic Of the Time When
Man Went on All Fours.
Sir Victor Horsley. lecturing before
the Medical society of London. y.
planned our habit of swinging the arms
when walking. which he stated was
quite unnecessary. as a relic of the
days when we walked on all tours.
Then we had to use rms as we'll as
legs. Although their use serves no
purpose when walking upright, we
still keep on moving all four limbs
alternately or in progression. Sir Vic
tor set forth some new facts concern.
ing the functions Of the cerebellum,
the mysterious and little understood
hind part of the brain.
primarily the cerebellum must be
regarded" said the lecturer, 'as a sen.
sorry organ which has an important
part in the correct performance Of
many Of U automatic actions. Walk
ing. standing and running are good
examples Of such actions, which can.
not be accurately carried out without
. normal. well balanced cerebellum.
Newborn animals cannot stand. They
sprawl, and before they can stand.
walk or run they must acquire this
power. For conveniences in life this
ability to stand must be secured with.
out the animal having consciously to
think what he is doing. The fully de
veloped cerebellum supplies this power
unconsciously."
In proof Of this Sir Victor pointed
out that the cerebellum Of a full
grown cat showed fully developed cells
and f1bers, whereas in newborn kit.
tens the brain in the c%erebellar portion
Is not yet organized into active nerve
tissues.-New York Times.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-11-17
Sheepmen Resist Dipping Order.

SHERIDAN, Wyo., Nov. 8.-Sheep.
men in northern Wyoming are prac.
ticslly in open revolt against the pol
icy of the state aud federal officials in
dealing with the eradication of disease
among their 6ocks. Woolgrowers
have virtually given notice to the gov.
ernment representatives that the fam
Gus order No. 20, directing that any
herd in eight counties found to be in
fected with so.called lip and leg ulcer.
alton must be dipped, will no longer
be obeyed, while the state board of
sheep commissioners declare that the
order is still in effect and shall be
carried out until further notice.
With a view of getting in better
shape for the fight, the Sheridan
County W~oolgrowers' association 10
sending out letters to its members stat
ing that a special assessment OF $40
has been levied upon each.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-11-17
An Editors View of Religion.

In reply to a subscriber who asked
him what he considered the best system
of religion, q Kansas editor gives his
views as follows:
SIN our humble opinion the best
system of religion is that which brings
to you the greatest peace and comfort.
The only religion we know in this
country is the Christian religion
based on the teachings of Jesus-a
religion which, we believe, has been a
marvellous aid to mankind.
"The details of a mans belief, the
denomination with which he shall
affiliate, the in which he shall
practice his religion, the ideas he may
have of heaven and hell, his concep.
ton of his duty to God and his fellow
men, are questions which he must
fight out for himself; and his account.
ability, so long as his conduct trans.
crosses not on the rights of others, is
to his maker alone. Every man should
strive to live in such a manner that
when he places his head on his pillow
at night it will be with the feeling th at
he is at peace with his God, his fam
lily, his friends and his banker. A
religion which brings so fine affecting
whatever it may be called-is worth
striving for. Perhaps this is not an
orthodox view, but we are answering
our correspondents question to the
best of our ability"
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-11-17
THE STATE TAX LEVY.
Attorney General Gives Opinion To
State Board Of Examiners,


HELENA, Nov. s.-If the suggestion
Is adopted which Attorney General
Galen makes in an opinion to the
state board of examiners today, an
action will soon be instituted in the
courts to settle the question of wheth.
er, II the assessed valuation of O
erty exceeds $500, 0OO, 600 for 1910, the
levy will be q mills or II mills, the
latter figure being the amount the
state constitution provides the levy
shall not exceed when the assessed
valuation exceeds $500, 900, 900. The
valuation this year lie $3.50, 401 ,O64, an
increase OF $50, DOC, 900 over that Of q
year ago. and If the same proportion.
ate increase is made this year, the
valuation will exceed $500, 00O, 900.
Despite the provision of the constitu-
ton, it is the opinion of the attorney
general that, as the last le .islature
fixed the levy for 1909 and 1910 at 81
mills and Al the constitution is not q
self'executive instrument, the levy of
q mills will remain in effect until
changed by the legislature, even
though the valuation exceeds $780,.
O0O, 1000. The opinion says, in part:
"As the Legislature only meets once
in two years and it alone has the au.
thority to fix the levy, it neces sarily
follows that the only construction to
be given section 9 of article IL of the
constitution is that when the total az.
sessed valuation reaches $500, 0OO, 900
or more, the rate shall never there.
after when levied by the legislaturel
exceed II mills on each dollar of VAL
uation.' For we must presume that
the trainers of the constitution of the
state foresaw the possibility of the
valuation of the state increasing from
one class to another between sessions
of the legislative assembly.
"But the rate of the levy fixed by
the legislature at its last session,
which was constitutional and valid
under the total valuation of the prop.
erty OF the state - then shown, must
necessarily continue in force until the
next meeting of the legislature, at
which it fixes the a t of the levy for
the next succeeding two years."
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-11-17
THE FARMERS INSTITUTES.

Unquestionably the annual farmers
institutes are an agency for much
good among the agriculturalists o.
Montana, says the Helena Independ'
ent. Through the fundamentally o.
the dissertations on modern farming
provided by the experts q large meas'
urc of valuable information is con
veyed to tillers of the soil. Montaua't
griculturists undoubtedly rank al
high in their profession as those o,
other states, probably a little higher,
If we may judge by the compliment
ary remarks heard at our last state
fair when such authorities as James ],
Hill told US they had seer nothing SO
good in all their travels, it is safe to
assume that our farmers head the list.
But no man v crowds 80 much in.
side his head that there is no room
for more. The men who produce
what others eat are always ready to be
"shown" how they may improve their
crops and add to the productivity OF
their lands. That is the purpose OF
the farmers institutes.
Prot. F.. S. Cooley of the Montana
Agricultural college at Bozeman is
superintendent of the farmers insti.
tutes. Prof. Cooley is an eminent
authority himself, but he is constant.
~ on the alert for other experts in
that line. This year he has secured
Prof. Thomas Shaw of Minnesota and
they are now touring the state in the
interests of the farmer, whethe" be is
the "dry" sort or blessed with an
abundance of water.
Prof. Shaw Is an eminent authority.
He is the author of numerous works
on animal breeding, feeding and gen.
eral culture. He has also written
about forage crops, soiling crops and
the silo, how to grow clovers, grasses,
grains and eradicate noxious weeds.
The farmers of Montana are fortu-
nate in having the advantage of such
expert information and they should
profit to the fullest extent by attend
ing the institutes wherever held.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-11-17
BY r

When President Taft characterized
the course of inland waterway i'm
provemunt in the United States as "a
procession of jerks" he epitomized
not only the interminable and costly
delays attendant on the work, but the
strange Indifference of congress from
the beginning of improvement, in 1923,
down to the present day. It was q
homely expression, but it was terse
and comprehensive. Equally true was
his statement that the value of the in.
land waterways was increased with the
completion of each improvement.
The policy of Improvement by jerks
was the certain begetter of the pork
barrel. Under that policy no atten-
ton was paid to the fact that the in.
land waterways form q chain of
highways, with the improvement of one
emphasizing the value of all, but with
no possibility of the complete i'm.
provement even of one of the great
natural highways when appropria.
tions were made more for the enhance.
ment of congressional reflections
than for the advancement Of trade and
commerce through relief from freight
COMPOSITIONS that come oftener and
grom more costly with the growth OF
the country.
There has been no part of the presi.
Dental itinerary attr acting more seri-
Gus attention than his trip down the
Mississippi river. There was nothing
of politics in the river trip. Blu,
waterway improvement on definite
plans to be undertaken on the recon
mendatton of the engineer corps of the
army upon the merits of the streams
upon their tonnage bearing capacity
when improved, with appropriation
sufficient for the work, and with tn,
federal government pledged to com
pletion of work undertaken.
The river itinerary was an objec
lesson. The entire country is con
WINGED that the vital Importance Of tn
work has at last been recognized AM
placed upon q plane of recognition b
the government from which 1t canno
be displaced. 1t was an object lesso'
of the hitherto forgetfulness and in
difference on the part OF the genera
government. It vas q magni1cen
recognition of the inland waterway q
the certain and the cheapest possibl
means Of communicate between
shipper and receiver. and as a regu
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-11-17

This bank solicits accounts, and
offers to depositors absolute security,
prompt and careful attention, and the
most liberal treatment consistent with
safe and profitable banking. Buys
and sells foreign exchange, drawing
direct on all principal American and
European cities, and issues It's OWE
Letters of Credit.
Interest paid on time deposits. The
highest cash price paid for approved
state, county, city and school bonds
and warrants.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-11-17

That fine old New Highlander, DR.
Oliver Wendell Holmes, laid down the
rule that the law Of the road entities
a mar to two looks at every pretty
woman. This fair and proper limit
provokes no complaint in Kansas City,
and it is not commonly exceeded,
though we would have to 60 far afield
to find a locality with more women
worth looking at than are seen on the
streets Of Kansas City every day.
Kansas City Times.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-11-17
COST OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

The average yearly expenditure fol-
each pupil in the public schools o
this country is given as 1852 in thu
recently published report of the com
missioner of education. In 1870 4
al only SI5 IS. Montana ranks third
among the states In the per cspits
outlay. Nevada has the highest year,
ly expenditure, s52. Is q pupil, followed
by New York with ISL so. Montans
with S49. 40 and California with s49. %.
In the south the expenditures a pupil
range from s6 81 for South CaroIina
to go. 36 for West Virginia.
One-thfrd of the states spend from
CPS to $40 q pupil. The fact that one
fourth spend less than els and one.
fourth spend more than S35 Is an indi-
cation. says the commissioners, "of
the great variety In support of public
education, and, I believe, in the OPP
portunity afforded for school training
in our various commonwealths."
While 1t does not necessarily follow
that the children upon whom the most
is expended are the best educated, yet
there Is no other comparison possible.
At least where conditions are nearly
similar the rule would hold good.
From earliest days, Montana has
been generous to its public schools.
It's people submit gladly to special
taxes for the cause of education, and
there is never q demand from the
schools that is not mel readily. The
federal government twenty years ago
granted a vast empire of the public
domain to the public school system of
the state, to be held In perpetuity by
the commonwealth for the cause of
education. From these millions OF
acres a fund has sprung, the income
from which alone ia available.
The permanent school fund is grow.
ing constantly and in another twenty
years will have re ached immense pro.
portions. The income from this fund
is apportioned each year among the
school districts, the division being
made according to the number of pu.
pills in each community. 1t is a fact
that while the population of the state
has been growing steadily with a cor.
responding increase in the attend ance
of the public schools, the income fund
has been keeping pace also and about
the same amount is received by the
various districts each year.
Montana's public school system is
founded on q firm base. Without di.
rect taxation, it could exist in a way,
and with the people willing and anxi.
GUS to support their schools literally,
the standard of teaching and the ia
%cilities for educ ational work gener-
ally ought to increase with the years.
Instead of being third among the
states in respect to the per capita
costs of its schools, perhaps Montana
is destined to head the list eventually.
Butte Inter Mountain.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-11-17
Great alls Power Corpanv.

TRENTON. N. j., Nov. S.-The
Great Falls Power company of Jersey
City was chartered today with an au.
tnor'zed capital stock of 81, 900, 900.
The company's purpose is to ACC uire
and deal in water rights and power to
generate electricity for all purposes
by water power.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-11-17

lator of freight rates absolutely just
and equitable in its operations, en-.
forcing its judgments through the in.
exorable operation of the law of sup
ply and demand.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-11-17
Had All the Others,

UVOO MI SUO 0S1J0T8
"Were you yer In lover" asked the
sweet young thing.
NO." replied the bachelor, "but you
can't mention any other fashionable
disease that l haven't had."-Detroit
Free Press.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-11-17
Wanted Harmony.

Soda Fountain Acknowledgment Ia
vor, please? Silly Young Thing-Have
you anything in pink to match this
gown?--Harper's Weekly.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-11-17

W. G. CONRAD, Pres.
JAMES T. STANFORD,
Vice-Pres. and Manager.
A. E. SCHWINGEL,
Cashier
OMAR j. MALCOLM,
Asst. Cashier.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-11-17

Parties wishing to purchase live
stock will find some attractive Offer
ings in our advertising columns.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-11-17
DIVING BELL SPIDERS.
Gathering Air For Use In Working
Under Water.

Gathering Air For Use In Working
Under Water.
The diving bell spiders gather air to
use just as a soldier might draw We.
ter and dispose it about his person in
water bottles. They do this in two
ways. n of which is characteristic Of
many Of the creatures which live both
In and out of the water, as the spider
does. The tail Of the spider is Gov
cred with black. velvety hair. Putting
its tail out of the water. it collects
much air in the interstices Of the vel
vet. It then descends, when all this
air drawn down beneath the surface
collects into a single bubble, covering
its tail and breathing holes like a coat
Of quicksilver. This supply the spider
uses up when at work below until it
dwindles to a single speck, when it
once more ascends and collects a fresh
store.
The writer has seer one of these
spiders spin so many webs across the
stems of water plants in a limited
space that not only the small water
shrimps and larvae. but eve a young
fish. were entangled. The other and
more artistic means of gathering air
employed by the spider is to catch a
bubble on the surface and swim below
with it. The bubble is then let go into
a bell woven under some plant, into
which many other bubbles have been
drawn. In this diving bell the eggs
are laid and the young Matched under
the constant watch Of the old spider.
London Saturday Review.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-11-17

Water right blanks-only correct
form published--for sale at the RIVER
PRESS office.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-11-17

True valor lies in the middle, be-
tween cowardice and rashness.-Cer-
vantes.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-11-17
Heredit,

Heredity.
"Scaddsworth's grandfather was a
barber"
"Was he? Then Scaddsworth's habit
of tucking his napkin under his chin
as if he were going to be shaved must
be a relic of barberism."-Chicago Rec
ord-Herald.
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-11-17
Conrad Banking
COMPANY,
GREAT FALLS MONT
(Unincorporsted.)

PAIL UP CAPITAL,..,.....,.S ION n
INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY OOo. 900
The river press. [volume] (Fort Benton, Mont.) 1880-current, 1909-11-17

Local Securities 4 Specially.
Interest Allowed on Time Deposits
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1909-10-28
Small Blaze

There was quite a little blaze early
Sunday morning in the new Allen
block and it might have made a bad
fire but for its timely discovery by
Messrs. Wilkes and johnson who were
dining at the Limit Cafe The blaze
was discovered at one o'clock and was
caused by spontaneous combustion of
rags used in wiping off the stain being
applied to the interior. 1t was soon
extinguished but not until after dam
aging the floor, ceiling and walls to
the extent of a couple of hundred of
dollars. Insurance was carried on the
building but things might have been
pretty serious if the fire had gained
much headway as the firm of Gibson
Allen Co., had new fixtures to the
value of 81 300 stored in the room.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1909-10-28
RobertSon-Cash

George M. Robertson, cashier Of the
First National Bank of Cottonwood
and Mrs. Emily Cash were united in
marriage at that place last Sunday
afternoon by Rev. Mcdonald of this
city. The groom is former Grange
vile citizen and previous to going to
our neighboring town to reside was
mayor of Grangeville. He is a promi-
nent business man of Cottonwood and
has an excellent standing in the COM
munlty. The bride is sister of Mrs.
Vincent ofthis city and a lady ofmany
womanly traits who has host of
friends here and in Cottonwood. The
marriage came as surprise to the
n, many friends of this worthy couple.
The Free Press wishes to be numbered
with the congratulating friends.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1909-10-28
PlatS Filed in Lewiston Land
Office This Week
SHOWS ENTRY IN IDAHO co.
Location of the Road To Mouth
of Middle Salmon

The Lewiston land office Monday
received plats showing the location of
the fourth twenty-mile section Of the
new survey being made down the
Salmon river by the Pittsbnrg and
Gilmore railroad. The plat is accom-
panied by letter from w. Nj. Nc
Cutcheon, president of the road, with
headquarters at Pittsburg, Pennsyl-
vania. The letter says, in part: This
is portion of the extension of a
branch line from Salmon City to the
mouth of the Little North Salmon, to
total about 92 miles, being an exten-
sion of a branch road, leaving the
main line at Timber creek, Lemhi
county" The letter further explains
that the plats of surveys of the first
three twenty-mile sections have been
filed in the Haley land office, but
that part of the territory covered by
the survey Of the section is located
in the Lewiston district An examin-
alton of the map shows the plat APP
plies to section Of road extending
along the river in the vicinity of
Horse creek, and near the mouth of
the Middle Fork of the Salmon river,
referred to in the letter empties into
the main Salmon about twenty miles
east of Eakin.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1909-10-28
No Stage From Sites

There is no regular stage from
Sites to Elk City at the present time
and according to Mr.. Clitsome, who
owns the line, there is not apt to be
any for some time to come. The gen
tleman was in the city last Saturday
night and certainly paid his compli-
ments TO some of the people of Sites.
1t seems there is and has been for
some time a factional fight down there
and if a man did this or that one fac
ton would at once boycott him and
1t kept man ON the hum at
tending to his own business. There
are some good business men in Sites
but there are some who call themselv-
es business men who sure do seem to
raise "Old Ned" according to Gilt
some. Elk is a fine camp and there
is all kinds of travel going in therefore
the camp will not be long without
daily stage and "A good one.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1909-10-28
A New Home

The Gibson-Allen Co., expect to be
in their new room about the first of
next week at which time will occur
the fall opening. 1t has been the
privilege of the writer to have seen
their new fixtures and we want to say
when arranged in the new room and
with the immense stock now arriving
Grangeville will. have the swellest Jew
elry store in the state of Idaho. The
fixtures are golden oak and the new
trays are a dark green. Everything
that goes for convenience and style
will be found in the arrangement of
the new store. The stock purchased
is little the best grade of goods we
have ever seen in city Of this size
and equal in quality and style to the
latest in the cities.