The news=record. [volume] (Enterprise, Wallowa County, Oregon) 1907-1910, 1909-11-20

several months for chance use In the
last stages Of the return; but, since
food supplies are necessarily limited.
delay is fatal. Therefore when open
water prevents progress boat be-
comes in the nature of life pre-
server.
Foolish indeed is the explorer who
ignores this detail of the problem.
Transport Of boat, however, offers
many serious objections. Nansen in
troduced the kayak. and most explor-
ers since have adopted the same de-
vice. The Eskimo canoe serves the
purpose very well, but to carry it for
three months without hopeless destruc-
ton requires an amount of energy
which stamps the polar vept'.re with
failure.
Selecting a Boat.
Sectional boats, aluminium boats,
skin floats and other devices have been
tried, but to oil there is the same fatal
objection Of impossible transportation
1t seems rather odd that the ordinary
folding canvas boat has not been press
ed into this service.
We found it to fit the situation ex-
actly, selecting a twelve foot Eureka
shaped boat with wooden frame. The
Stats. spresders and floor pieces were
utilized as parts of sleds. The can
vas cover served as a floor cloth for
our sleeping bags. Thus the boat did
useful service for hundred days and
was never in evidence as a cumber-
some device.
When at last the craft was spread
and covered, in it we carried the sled,
in it we camped. in it we sought game,
the meat Of which took the place Of
exhausted supplies. Without it we,
too, would not have returned.
Preparation of the staple food sup
ply is of even greater Importance than
means Of locomotion. To the success
of prolonged arctic enterprise in
transit successive experience is bound
to dictate wise choice of equipment,
but 1t does not often educate the
stomach.
From the published accounts of arc
tic travellers it is impossible to select
satisfactory menu for future explor-
ers, and 1 hasten to add that perhaps
our experience will be equally unsatis-
factory to subsequent victims.
Nor is it safe to listen to scientific
advice, for the stomach is the one or
gan of the body which stands as the
autocrat over every other human sense
and passion and will not easily yield
to foreign dictates.
The problem differs with every man.
1t differJ with every expedition, and II
is radically different with every ma
tion. Thus when De Gerlache forced
Norwegian food into French stomachs
he learned that there was nationality
In gastronomics.
Depending on Eskimo Food.
In this respect, as in others, 1 was
helped very much by the people who
were to line up my forces. The Eski.
mo is ever hungry, but his taste is
normal. Things Of doubtful value in
nutrition form no part in his dietary
Animal food, meat and fat, is entirely
satisfactory as a steady diet without
other adjuncts. His food requires mel.
ther salt nor sugar, nor is cooking a
matter of necessity.
Quantity is important, but quality
applies only to the relative proportion
Of fat. With this key to the CASTRO
nomics Of our lockers, pemmican was
selected as the staple food, which also
served equally well for the dogs.
We had an ample supply Of penn
mican, made by Armour, of pounded
dried beef, sprinkled with a few
raisins, some currants and a small
quantity Of sugar. This mixture was