davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1909-08-14
Medicine in the Sea.

The sea, according to certain scieut-
lists, can furnish not only nouri*hment.
but medicine. A distinguished French
practitioner prescribes the drinking of
sea water as cure for diabe.cs. the
water being aerated in order to rc-
move its impurities and, to some ex.
tent, its nauseous favor. 1t las also
been administered with success in
cases Of bronchitis and pleurisy. Tx
periments carried out on consu;mptivo
patients show that subcutaneo,1s in.
jections Of sea water are beneficial. AZ
all events in the early stages OF tnbnr.
culosis. Bread made with sea waite
is said by those wi have tried il 10
be most appetizing and nouriShing.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1909-08-14
Baby Morphine Fiends

are made by all soothing syrups and
baby medicines that contain opium
and narcotics. McGee's Baby Elixir
contains no injurious or narcotic
drugs of any kind. A sure ana safe
cure for disordered stomachs. bowels
and etfulncss-splendid for teeth
ing infants. Sold by Elko Drug co.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1909-08-14
Doq's Good Sense Saved It.

In the big food which recently per.
vaded the Almond Valley, near Perth,
Scotland, plowman suddenly rcmcm'
bered that he had left a dog in Il
shed He hurried to its rescue and
was gratified 10 find that the dog had
shown the sense to get into wash.
ing.tub, and was comfortably floating
about In It's ark.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1909-08-14
$4,000 Reward

would gladly be paid for u cure by
rheumatism, yet II they only knew
1t, they can be cured by n few bot ties
of Bailard's Snow Liniment, and
the price Is only, 25c, SOC and S1.OO
per bottle. Sold by Elko Drug Go.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1909-08-14

Marrying for Money.
Most men who marry for money get
something that Is far less desirable.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1909-08-14

Subscribe for the INDEPENDENT.
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1909-03-05
NEWS Of PRINCE EDWARD AND
ADJOINING COUNTIES.
PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY
Darlington Heights.
March 3rd, 90.

Rev. j. b. Williams preached a
splendid sermon on the third Sunday
at Spring Creek Church. His subject
was: Is thy heart right ?"
On last Saturday morning, Mr.. FL
mer Gibson's little boy had his thumb
and three fingers partially shot off
with dynamite cap. The child is
getting on nicely.
Mr. Henry Pettus was badly kicked
in the face at Bethlehem church last
Sunday.
Miss Mabe McNenny will soon be
at the home of Mrs. S. g. Anderson.
Mr.. Henry Anderson is improving
and is able to ride out on the farm.
Miss Mary Dillon, who has been
spending some time at home, has re-
turned to Washington to attend the
Nurses Association and the In
auguration.
There has been such an improve
/ ment in DR.. Holidays roads that
makes us wish that all supervisor
were road doctors" at least.
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1909-03-05
Raines
March p 1909.

March ,, 1909
A reception will be given at the
home of Mrs. Jennie Blanton on next
Monday the Sth, in honor Of the birth
day of Mrs. j. II. Davis, and all who
have an invitation are gay with anti
cipation, as every one enjoys an even
ing spent with Mrs. Blanton.
We are sorry to report that Mr. D.
ID. Price continues to be on the sick
list.
Mr.. Charlie Wilkerson, OF Peters
burg, visited his cousin, Mrs. Robert
Allen this week
think there are some ladies' IN
this neighborhood who can almost
beat the Farmville chicken raisers.
Mrs. n. q. Flippen has nice lot OF
young chickens, and gets an average
Of 40 eggs a day, and Mrs. 7. 7. Hol-
man will have some nice frying-size
chickens for sale in a few weeks.
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1909-03-05

10 90 deeper until il i, hard to get
along horse back. There are places
that know are worked with the ma
chimes at least twice year, and are
now worse than ever. There is piece
Of road between here and Farmville
that was worked up TO Hoyle and up
to-date in the fall of year or so ago,
and that winter teams would stall go
ing down hill and horseback riders al
ways Stunned.
In proof of what hold, that a good
road cannot be made in red clay with
any machine, we have only to look at
High street in your town, where the
red clay was dumped, and then drive
from Worsham to Felden, or from
Felden to Meherrin or to Briery
Church. am persuaded that the on
ly thing to do with the clay roads is
either to pole or macadamize and let
the gray, sandy roads be kept level
and drained.
Rev. Mr.. Conrad preached an able
sermon at Mt. Pleasant Church last
Sunday from the parable of the two
men going up into the Temple to pray.
He analysed the character of the two
men-Pharisee and Publican-and
asserted that we had the same classes
in our midst today.
Mr.. Walter Overton and sister, Hen
nie, of the Tredway neighborhood
were visitors at Mr.. j. h. Aliens and
Mr.. Creed Ranson's Saturday and
| Sunday.
Mr. and Mrs. y. w. Scott, Mr.. and
Mrs. Frank Ransom and Mr.. and Mrs
. r. W. Diggs spent last sunday with
Mr.. and Mrs. Brown Watts, Of scot
lege Farm
Mrs. j. r.. Allen, who has been on
the sick list, IS improving.
Mr.. Crawley Campbell, of Prospect
s is i'm the neighborhood visiting friends
and relatives.
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1909-03-05
Monday, March I.


Mayor Tom L. Johnson oil Cle's'
.,-t has officially announced his IN
..-.r t1 become lawyer
Daniel Bneeman, of Kleinfelters'
vs pa uas killed under a tree that
ts--fJ.m Noll were telling
r Chinese arrested at Roches-
r- s. 81 nr being illegally in the
rr ordered deported.
r robbed Of their pay
wore found murdered at
IS tmoreland county. Pa
.tra of the Arkansas leg
1ment engineers viii
new state capitol. under
to see IF the work has
done.
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1909-03-05
Beck
March 3, 1909.

MAith Cd, i'N''
Mrs. Willie Weaver and little daugh-
ter, Ruth, were the guests Of her sis
Ter. Mrs. Henry Jenkins, from Thurs
day until Saturday Of last week.
Nh and Mrs, j. f. Thomson en-
tertained last Thursday night in hon
or of their guests, Mrs. Henry Jenk-
i'm, and her sister, Mrs. Willie Wea-
yer.
Miss Dayie and little brother visited
their sister. Mrs. f. b. Fitzgerald last
week
Mr.J. G.. Moring was in Farmville
last Friday on business.
Miss Mamie jenkins was the charm
ing guest of Miss Elsie Meador' last
Saturday and Sunday.
The marriage Of Miss Mary Wilson
Leath to Mr.. William Bernard Far
rar. which has been announced to
take place March nth, at g O'Clock T.
NJ. in the Presbyterian Church, Burk-
eville. Va, proves of great interest tc
this community, as both parties are
well known here.
Mr.. and Mrs. Chas. l.. Elliott wei
coined into their home last Sunday
morning fine baby girl. Both moth
or and baby are doing nicely.
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1909-03-05
Felden.
March lst, 1909.

March lst, 1907.
EdHor Herald:-I see one of your
buckingham correspondents, in writ
inc ON the good roads movement, says
that they are going TO buy a road
machine mules and various other
things. And he seems to expect that
after using it for time, the road mil
lennium will dawn upon them. II
Won will allow. would like to give
the Buckingham people, and inciden-
tally some others, the results OF some
experience and much observation as
to machine-worked roads, as practiced
i'm this county and Others that / nave
travelled through theoretically, the
road machine is all right, but practi-
callv il does not pan out the good
road. The theorists and writers and
takers on the subject say you must
have the road high in the middle and
slooping on the sides to drain that
will carry Off the water, and there you
are for a good, hard road. Now what
il the result? The machine comes
along and piles up the dirt in the mid
die of the road, In some places from
twelve to fourteen inches deep, leaving
beautiful drain on each side. Now
Init never rained, we would have an
ideal road, but there comes a rainy
smell. and we have a good road, but IL
is about two feet below the surface
Wherever there is red clay, and just
here I want to say that generally
speaking, gray, sandy roads do not
need much work, except to fill W
holes and cut bushes, and instead OF
the water running off every morse
track and wheel rut acts as well ol
spring. and holds the water ike
hueket. for the next horse and venice
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1909-03-05
Cumberland. c. II.

March 3, 1903.
We were very much grieved yester-
day to receive a telegram telling Of
Rev. j. b. DuBerry's death. He was
phstor here for some time and was al
WAYS faithful TO his duty, neyershirk-
ing anything and ever ready to lend a
helping hand. lie was loved by all
who knew him. Our hearts 90 out in
sympathy to his loving family. lie
was living in Saluda, MiddleseX Co
AT the time of his death, and will be
buried at Ashland, Va.
Mr.. William Hendricks, we are sor-
ry to say, is still quite sick. We do
hope him a speedy recovery and hope
TO see him on our streets again real
soon.
Miss Helen Flippen is visiting her
fiends in Richmond. She reports
having "the time Of her life.' She
witnessed the home coming Of the
fleet.
Mrs. c. d. Diggs returned from
Richmond last Saturday She visited
her sisters, the Misses Anderson.
Mr.. aud Mrs. G.. 5. Stuart and little
boy are staying at the "Inn.' The
little boy is growing like man and
is always smiling.
Mrs. G.. Z. B. Smith is quite indis-
posed this week.
DR.. Weisiger Is visiting in kich-
mond.
Mrs. Bryan Straother, Of Chester, Is
staying with her sister, Ms Z. Hen
bricks. 80
Mr.. and Mrs. Dandy, Of Fsrmyille'
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1909-03-05
Travis
March ,, 1909

Messrs. Winston Clark and Tucker
Morrisette spent Saturday and Sunday
with Mr.. Temple Gillian.
Miss Ethel'Ligon was the guest OF
Miss Pearl Bruce Saturday and Sun
day.
Messrs. Aumon and Carroll Bass
spent a pleasant evening with Mr..
and Mrs. J. r. Bruce Sunday.
We are glad to welcome Miss Trina
Bass back to our community, after
spending several months at Clifton
Forge and Natural Bridge.
Mr.. Basil Bruce who has been
in Richmond at the Memorial Hos
pital for several weeks, has returned
home. 'ssN
Rev. w. j. Shipman is visiting
among the members of Old SANDY
River" this week We are Away
clad to have him with us.
Mrs. Agnes Foster is spending som,
time with her daughter, Mrs. }. !
Clark.
Misses Lockett Garnett and Wi
Vaughan visited friends in this com
munity Sunday.
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1909-03-05
CUMBERLAND COUNTY
High Bridge

March ., 1909
Mr.. and Mrs. John Garnett visited
Mr.. and Mrs. Mettauer Crute Sunday
evening.
Little Charles Madison spent Mon
day with Woodfin Lyon.
Mr.. f. W. Madison and family
spent Sunday with Mr.. and Mrs.
Lewis Crawley
Mrs. Crawley went to Richmond
last week to bring home her little son
who is much improved after two
months treatment at the Memorial
Hospital
Messrs. Tom Scott jim Crute, Asa
Smith. David and Anderson Lyon,
went to town today to join the Farm
Vile Guard in their trip to Washing
ton.
Prof. r. L. Blanton was with his
home people Sunday
Messrs. Wyatt Crute and H. T.
Lyon visited Mr. Anderson Lyon
Sunday and Monday.
The young people in the neighbor-
hood enjoyed a social at the home Of
/ Mr. VIM. Walker Among the guests
from a distance was Miss Belle Bro
sius. of Marian, Va
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1909-03-05
tuesday, March ..

ta passed a bill penslonns
t. of SIP month dependent
army nurses of the Civil
nate confirmed the nomina'
0rge S. Terry. of New York.
.t- amt treasurer Of the United
States Circuit Court of APP
.fa John X. Richards died AT
Cincinnati. O.. of Bilghts
H vartz. thirty-one years old.
with his father in the book
l-r mess in Pittsburg, fell from
tsH aoor window and was fatally
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1909-03-05

He who lives, and strives, and SUI
fers for others dear to him is to be
envied, he who lives only for himself
is poor.
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1909-03-05
I've Stock Markets.

100 Union Stock Yards
Slows. choice. $1,000 $50,
aly. prime wethers. s. sc
and common $3.50 3.5O ;
as. veal calves S9U $50.
.wcr. prime hes yies. $3.50
e.iums. S6.70Qe.75, heavy
i0G SIS. ligl I Workers
pigs $J75G $50; roughs
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1909-03-05
W. 7. BLANTON,
Ieweler aud Optician.
FARMvILLE. VA
MAlN s1REEr

MAIN STREET iA''' liz ~
IN THE CLERKS OFFICE OF THE CIRCUIT
j COURT Of the County of Prince Edward on
the Bird day Of March. 1905
Mr.. S. +. Duvan. who is Mrs. VIM. Duvail. n
len T.. Bishop. who was DuFali' ana ,. ~
Bishop. her husband Nina II. Duyali' a; NJ
Duyall w. G. Duvall, b. B. DuyaH ana y. a.
DuvaU adults: and +. A. Duvall and W. >.
Duvall the last two being infants VINO sue ny
" NJ DuvaU their father and next friend,
and ~. n. Duvall. husband of said $. p. Du-
vail in his own right and as executor OF MIS-
Ida +. Thackston. deceased. .........''f laintifs
against
I. II. Dickinson. Sheriff and Administrator oil
w W H. Thackston. deceased; I. II. Dckin-
son Sheriff and Administrator Of w. ii
ThackstOn deceased. 7. II. Dickinson Shef
1T and Administrator of g. NJ. lhachsion
deceased. and the unknown heirs ~ any an'
who are non-residents OF I. NJ. j hach'ioh
deceased. ......... -..-'''---'' Del enlahl7
The object Of this suit is 70 sell for partition
the real estate situated IN the Town Of farmFilie
/ Prince Edward County. Virginia, OF when W
I H. Thackston died seized and possessed and u
/ divide the proceeds arising from said sale among
/ those entitled thereto a.,
/ And an affidavit having been made and nice
/ that the defendants. the unknown heirs, If any
7 and unknown heirs Of g.. VI. Ihackston, deceased
are not residents Of the State Of Virginia, u p
ordered that they do appear here within ID day
after due publication hereof. and do what may D.
necessary 90 protect their interest III lila SUIT
% O''' HORACE ADAMS. Clerk.
IN c-,,e M inch Sat
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1909-03-05
roVoENSED NEWS ITEMS.

-,si+ion treaty with France
AT favorably reported from
va .ommittee on foreign rela'
Gooding Mason. assistants
,f.nt of the liability depart
r' Fidelity and Casualty Co.,
r' Son, died at his home at East
o.,,e IS j. ,na
aorers working in one OF the
j wnoels at the edge Of the
N,'- liver in Jersey City were in
h-- em4d by coming in contact
ga tactric light wire.
' c..~ras Campagnolo. thirty years
O- and Raffale Carfaro. twenty
o. aee were hanged at Weth-
Y'.s conn for the murder of Da'
en- EN- sbeehan in New Haven on the
". O.. aug is last.
rrdsy, February 26.
~...s.t annuel session Of the trans
, Dry Farming Congress VIII
,.tsfi at billings. Mont.
p Gentry. Of Atlanta, Ga was
~ resident of the Southern Bell
s-...t,re company at an annual meet
~ be- stockholders and directors
sra- francisco de la Barra, the new
...-., AMBASSADOR TO the United
.....s nas presented to Secretary OF
bacon by Senior Alvarez, charge
-.r..-.s of the embassy.
tn sears in the federal prison IN
.-.-~ Ga for each. and a fine Of
.s.h was the sentence imposed
rs.. Platt in the United States
New Haven. Conn. upor
Howard and William Carlton
...t.rc into the postofiice at Eas'
ya. and Morris Conn.
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1909-03-05
PRODUCE QUOTATIONS.
Closing Prices For Produce
r4 Live Stock.

losing Prices For Produce
rd Live stock.
IpHlA - FLOUR quiet.
AIDES. S4.250 4.75, winter
city mills fancy S5lo
rR quiet, at s42O0A25
ak. No. 2 red, western,
ly. No. . yellow, local,
30 . white. clipped,
yer grades, 5oc.
timothy, large bales
Live steady; hens. l6l y
ROSTERS. 1912 10 lie
choice fowls, 16c.; old
.f. extra creamery, &c
selected. % a 20c.i
western. 2lc.
tcady. per bushel, 81
Potatoes steady, pei
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1909-03-05
Wednesday. March 3.

Il1 IT, Leaser. a prominent stock
,ntsr " Paterson. y. j.. committed
vrle bis home by inhaling gas.
1ere.ar, ransacked the residence OF
John RYAN the well known broker
ami sporting man. at Cincinnati and
au.l tt0 in cash and $500 worth
diamond
leaving note directing that his
..s.n 20 a medical school. Dr.
M r. q foreign newspaper cor.
0mmitted suicide I'm his
BOARDING house in New
Fort of New Jersey. sign
vling for the voluntary
national guard officers
Ntr-two years and for
retirement at The age
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1909-11-18
a Clerical Error.

On a recent jury day in the first
district court a stOlid looking Ger
man presented to Justice Joseph a
certificate from he commissioner of
jurors. After a rapid glance at the
document the justice ordered the
man to raise his right hand and adj
ministered the oath.
your name is Herman Kaufman
Eyes, your honor"
"This paper" continued the court,
requests me to excuse Herman Kauf
man from jury duty on the ground
that he is dead. Now, remember that
you have sworn to tell the truth, ana
think well before you answer: Are
you dead?"
MOO, your honor
THAT will do Now AXE this paper
back to the commissioner of jurors"
The man did so When the COM
missioner examined the certificate 1t
bore the following endorsement in
the Justices handwriting: "The de-
ceased, appearing before me in open
court. insists, under oath, that ne is
not dead. Please investigate and, II
his testimony be false have him in
dicted for perjury. New York Times.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1909-11-18
Good Fall Conditions

In most sections of the country the
fall pastures are good, and in many
places they are excellent-better than
they have been for years. Good late
pastures are good for the dairyman.
as well as for the general farmer
and stock grower. Good field forage
late in the season helps to keep up
the milk COW and give quality to the
cream and butter. 1t is good for the
young heifers and nonproducing COWS
putting them in good shape at little
cost for the winter Keep all of the
dairy stock out on pasture as Ions
as it is good and the weather ana
soil are fit Do not however. com
pei them to remain out in rains or
SHOWS, or on the soil when it is too
wet Tramping wet soil, even past
ure, will do more harm than the good
secured from the pasturing.
The dairyman must work hard ana
keep close at home, but present con-
ditiOns are such as to make him feel
happy in his work. Dairy products
are commanding the best of prices.
and it seems that consumers are
never satisfied with the amount pro
duced. Distributors and commission
men are calling for more. More men
are going into the dairy business,
but it seems that the more that go
into it the more demand there is
for the products.
There is a large field open to the
small dairymau who makes his cream
into butter to make extra profits by
securing private customers and Sc
lect trade in towns and cities IF
you turn out a good grade OF butter
nodded in one pound brick prints.
and a few town or city people come
to know the purity and freshness of
your product, together with your in
dividual honesty, they will soon give
you orders for more than you can
supply. The writer makes butter to
sell. A city man recently visited mis-
farm and took dinner with him. and
incidentally sampled the butter He
went home and told his neighbours
about the quality of the butter. with
IN two weeks time he and his neigh
bors gave an order for all the but
ter he produced at 5 cents more per
pound than was received for it on
the open market. All of the butter
was taken by the people in his block,
and yet there was not enough to
go around. Consumers of food pro
ducts are always willing to pay
little more for what they get IF they
are sure that the food is pure an0
made by honest people, who are care.
full to maintain their integrity. 1t is
really better to have a private trade
than to sell on the open market, for
one then is in close touch with the
consumer, and it is the consumer that
sets the standard of quality after all.
The better we understand the wants
of those who consume our dairy pro
ducts the better position we are in
to meet those wants, and get paid
for supplying them.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1909-11-18
Poultry Notes.

When it comes to the selection of a
breed one must decide between
weight and egg-laying capacity. The
small hens, of which the Legnorn is
a type, will lay the most eggs, but
they figure very lightly from the meat
standpoint. The larger breeds DO
not lay so many eggs, but when you
come to eat or sell one the weight
counts.
The American breeds, of which the
Plymouth Rock is a type, are spIen-
did chickens to keep. They VIII lay
more eggs than the very heavy
breeds, although not so many as the
Mediterraneans, and they are weighty
and of good meat quality for the ia,
BILE or for sale. 1t is not so mucn
the breed of chickens you keep as
the way you keep them.
Never forget that poultry requires
grit and lime for digesting food and
forming egg shells. On many farms
the supply of pebbles and other ma
terial for grit soon become exhaust
ed and should be constantly sup,
piled. Once or twice year a wag-
on load of small gravel should be
hauled from some stream for the
fowls to work over. Lime is best
supplied by giving the fowls access to
crushed oyster shells.
The maintenance Of productiveness
and vigor are essentials in poultry
keeping, and when both can be real
lied the work will pay. Feed the
hens and provide them with good
shelter, but do not try to keep them
in a dollhouse. Housing them too
closely and warmly will soon result
in the lowering of vigor and vitality.
Productiveness cannot long be main
tanned when the vigOr of the flock Is
low.
Although there may not be any Wis
ible lice or mites in your poultry
house it is a good thing to whitewash
it two or three times a year. The
whitewash not only cleans and dtsin-
fects it, but It absorbs unpleasant
Odors and makes the interior smell
sweet and clean. 1t also makes the
inside of the henhouse look bright
and cheerful, which is appreciated by
people if not by hens.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1909-11-18

under them so that they will dry on
all sides At night protect them with
straw. canvas, or some covering TO
keep out dampness and prevent pos
sible freezing Uncover them each
morning for exposure to air and sun
and let them cure In this manner
from three to five days. Be sure
that any soil that may be remaining
on them is perfectly dry before they
are placed in storage.
Be careful in handling cIumps OF
dahlia tubers not to break any OF
them from the crown from which
they grow. The buds on each tuber
are at the top and in no other place
In dividing the clump care must be
taken to secure at least one bud with
each tuber 1t is best to divide The
crown by cutting with a sharp knife
for if a tuber is severed from the
clump without the terminal bud il
will no more grow than a piece or
dead wood, Clumps may be divided
in spring at planting time as we'll
as in the fall at digging time.
Dahlia tubers are comparatively
easy to keep, the conditions being
about the same as those for pota-
toes. See that they are dry and we'll
cured before storing anad store in a
frost proof cellar, where they will
not become damp during the winter
Gamma bulbs should be kept perfectly
dry and in a very mild or warm at,
mosphere. They will rot very quick,
ly in a cool, damp place. Dry and
cure them thoroughly and pack III
perfectly dry sand or dust. G1adoha
bulbs must also be we'll cured and
dried before storing. They should be
kept in extra dry atmosphere and
where they will not freeze. A good
way is to place them in paper flour
bags and hang them in some up
stairs room, where the air is dry and
mild.
1t is we'll to examine all bulbs at
intervals through the winter to see
what they are doing, and II any OF
them are spelling, separate the spoil
ed ones from the good. A little al
tention in this way may prevent d
choice collection from becoming
worthless.