davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1909-01-05
DRY ROT IN CORN.
A Disease Which Threatens to 6s-
come a Serious Matter.

SOINc q OSI lOhS
The name dry rot is derived from
the way the ears are affected in the
field. "In general the husks tend to
turn prematurely yellow to sooty, and
the ear becomes partially or wholly
shriveled and much decreased in
weight. Sometimes the ears remain
upright with the husks closely adher
ing to them. In other cases the shanks
| are weakened, and the affected ears
hang limp from their attachment. or
| the diseased condition may not be de-
tccted until the husk Is removed"
There are several kinds Of dry rot,
due to different causes. The most
common and that which has during
the past two seasons caused about 90
per cent of the damage in Illinois is
due to a fungus known as Diplodia
maydis. Ears infected with this fun
gus "shrivel up more or less, darken
in color and become light in weight"
The kernels are also shriveled, very
brittle and loosely attached to the cob.
the ear. kernels cob and husks and
produces many dark brown, two celled
spores which serve to propagate the
fungus.
In the case Of the diplodla disease
and quite probably I'm that Of the other
forms the fungus perpetuates itself
over winter on the old diseased ears
and old stalks. It is not usually diff
cult to find throughout the summer in
old curnfieldS. where the disease has
previously prevailed. many pieces Of
old cornsralks which are infected with
the dlplodla fungus. Stalks known TO
be two years old have been found still
producing spores. During moist period
spores ooZe from these stalks in album
dance and are blown sinaIy or in
masses long distances. rs has been fire.
onentlv demonstrated h~ cyncriwcnt.
The fungus does not. according to
present knowledge. grow uuar any
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1909-01-05

SecOnd.-To build up the fertility of
the soil and especially TO increase the
amount of organic matter or humus.
Third.-To secure an adequate in
come during each year of the rotation.
Fourth.-To keep the land free from
weeds that are liable to root knot.
\ list uf the crops not liable to root
knot which can be used in such rota
tons follows: Corn, winter oats, rye.
wheat. crab grass. Iron cOwpea. velvet
bean, peanut. beggarweed.
Some of the crops susceptible to mem.
atodcS and therefore to he avoided in
rotations for root knot are cowpeas
Except from, alfalfa, vetch. SOY beans.
clover, sugar cane. tomatoes. okra. Gu
cumberS. cautaIoupps. vatcrmclons
celery. beans, sweet potatoes. tobacco
potatoes, peaches. figs. muberrics. The
Iron cowpca is occasionally slightly af-
fcctcd in Florida. but is practically i'm
mune in the cotton belt. Seed of the
Iron cowpea containing almixtures OF
other kinds is dangerous and should Ie
avoided.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1909-01-05

In grating the tomato on the potato
or the potato on tomato, or in making
any other graft of similar herbaceous
plants, the simpler methods are pre-
ferred. The saddle graft and splice
graft are the ones most commonly
used. The splice graft Is made by
simply cutting the scions a smooth
slanting cut The stock is cut In the
same way, and the two members are
tied together with their faces Joined.
In order to get the best results it is
desirable to have the CRAFTS made Of
rather tender shoots. such as have
only partially hardened. In order to
get Il proper union with this sort of
tissue it is necessary that the cut be
made with a very sharp knife. prefer
ably with a razor. The two parts are
hen rather tenderly joined together,
using very soft cloth bandages or
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1909-01-05
porr57;ds grass. cbufas and summer

Bermuda grass, chufas and summer
oats are slightly susceptible, but prob
ably can be used in rotation when root
knot is only slightly prevalent. Many
weeds are also to be avoided because
subject to root knot. The commoner or
these are maypop, Indian potato, saw
brier, red root or pigweed (amaran-
thus and purslane.
The following treatment is suggested
for fields infected with both wilt and
root knot:
Beginning in the fall, sow winter
oats. These may be cut for hay In
May or allowed to ripen. Follow the
oats with Iron cowpeas, sown broad
cast or. better, in drills, where they
can be cultivated once or twice. Cut
.hese peas for hay and plOw the land at
1nce for another crop of winter grain.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1909-01-05

YOUNG COTTON PLANT DYING FROM WILT
This may be succeeded by corn, with
Iron cowpeas or peanuts between the
rows. The third year wilt resistant
variety of cotton may be planted.
Wheat or rye may be substituted for
oats and the velvet bean for the Iron
cOwpea, especially in the more south
ern districts.
Considerable relief is often obtained
by single years rotation with oats
followed by crab grass or winter oats
or rye followed by Iron cOwpeas, but
not all the nematodes are destroyed
the long run to practice a three year
rotation like that previously described
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1909-01-05

brooded in brooders was 1O.S per cent
in four weeks and of incubator hatched
chicks 33.5 per cent.
The mortality in hen hatched chicks
brooded under hens was % per cent
and of incubator chicks 1872 per cent.
In other tests the mortality was 46.5
per cent for incubator chicks brOoded
by hens and jS.4 brooded in broUders.
Hen hatched chicks made greater
gain In weight than incubator chicks,
whether brOOded by hens or brOoders.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1909-01-05
success In Breeding Hogs.

A farmer who has been breeding
hogs for twenty-five years and has
been unusually successful was asked
how he did it. His reply, in substance,
was that he provided good decent quar-
ters, plenty of shade, good pasture,
variety of good food, good water. al
ways fed for vigor and gave the hogs
regularly ashes and charcoal. This Is
all simple, but all good.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1909-01-05
HONy's Thisl

We offer One Hundred Dollars Reward foy
my case of CatarrE that cannot be cured by
Halls Catarrh Cure.
j. CHENEY & CO., Props Toledo, o.
We the undersigned, have known F. J. Che
rey for the last 10 years, and believe him per-
iectly honorable in all business transactions
and financially able to carry out any obliga-
tions made by their firm.
WEST TRUAx, Wholesale Druggists, Toledo, o.
WALDINd, KINEAN g. MARVIN, Wholesale Drug
gists, Toledo, o.
Halls Catarrh Cure is taken internally, ,Scting
directly upon the blood and mucous surfaces Of
the system. Price, 75c. per bottle. Sold By I'll
Druggists. Testimonials free.
Hall s Family Pills are the best.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1909-01-05
Keep Sowing.

Sow something whenever the ground
is cleared. Nature abhors bare
grounds. Crimson clover is excellent
for sowing among all garden crops at
the last cultivation This will live
through the winter and may be turned
under in spring, thus adding humus
and nitrogen to the soil. Rye may be
sown for cover crop, used for spring
feed or be turned under as green ma
nurc Rape or turnips may be sown
for fall growth and are beneficial TO
tho coil
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1909-01-05
An Alfalfa Harrow.

The culture Of alfalfa has now
reached the point In this country where
II Is creating new lines Of industry
aside from the growth of the crop. \
convention OF alfalfa millers was re-
Gently held I'm Kansas. Many people
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1909-01-05
Chemical Action Of Manure.

Manures act chemically on soils by
adding new stores of plant food, and
by their decomposition in the soil they
give off carbonic acid gas, which unites
with the soil waters and increases Its
dissolving action on mineral plant food.
1t also provides the formation of hu-
mates in the soil and thus renders In
ert mineral plant food more available
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1909-01-05

moiStened raffia. 1t is desirable, fur
thermore, to cover the grated plant
with bell jar or hand glass Of some
sort for 4 few days I'm order to prevent
too rapid evaporation. II It IS left e1-
posed to the open air, especially II the
atmosphere is rather dry. the scion
dries out and willis SO badly that 70
cannot recover The saddle graft is
made by cutting the stock wedge shap
al. while the scion Is cut with Y
shaped slit 50 that Il will ft down over
the wedge Of the stock. The rest OF
The process IS carried out exactly as
already described for the splice graft.
Fall Care Of Orchard.
In sections where the ground Is very
rough the orchard should not be culti-
waited, especially in the fall. In hHly
sections where the ground does not
freeze and where there is a great deal
Of rainfall during the winter the
ground is apt to be mellOwed by the
cultivation, causing the best part Of
the soil 10 wash away during these
winter rains. But IN sections where
the ground Will freeze during the win
ter. in level locations. fan cultivation
will prevent the soil from wasting
away. To turn Up the mellow ground
10 the action OF the frost renders many
Of the unsoluble minerals plant food
elements available for the trees. which
Is valuable in developing and maturing
the fruit Cultivate between the rows
allowing the ground 20 be reasonably
porous. 50 the freezing vii be as bepe-
ncial as possible. but the dirt must not
he allowed 70 remain In large luuus
which VII expose the roots Of the trees
10 the cold weather.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1909-01-05
ROOT KNOT AND WILT.
Rotation of Crops For Controlling
Them In Cotton Growing.
By W. A. ORION. Bureau of Plant In

\ rotation of crops must be worked
put in detail for each farm 10 fit its
particular needs The essential princi-
pies to he observe are as follows:
Fi"St.-To use crops immune to root
knot in order to starve out the pest.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1909-01-05
Z arm ana
Garden
HENS VERSUS INCUBATORs.
Result Of Some Recent Experiments
In Chicken Raising.
BY JAMES DRYDEN.

By JAIL0 DIX DT1N.
Artificial incubation in recent years
has assumed large proportions. Large
numbers Of incubatOrs and brOoders
are purchased in every community, en-
failing in the aggregate a large invest
ment Of capital. 1t Is admitted that
there are great losses In the artificial
incubation of eggs and brooding Of
chicks, and many explanations are
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1909-01-05
wood Ashes For Horses.

A little wood ash is held to be very
beneficial to horses. 1t is given a tes'
snoonful at a time, sprinkled on feen
of oats.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1909-01-05

A can of carriage paint will not cost
much, but It will make the buggy look
better, and you can put 1t on yourself
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1909-01-05
INDEPENDENCE Z MONMOUTH
Railway.
FROM INDEPENDENCE.
FOR DALLAS.

NNONh A~'DA@A A@A'bENSHs
FOR DALLAS.
Train No. "a. Leave Independence daily, 500
a. M; lv. Monmouth, 6:l5 a. NJ. ar. Dallas, 640
am.
Train No. IS. Leave Independence, daily,
1850 a. m; ". Monmouth, II :65 a. m. ar Dal-
las, IL 80 a. m.
Train No. 20. Leave Independence, daily,
6:l5 p. M; lv. Monmouth, 6;3 p. m. ar. Dallas,
6:55 p. m,
FOR AIRLIE.
Train No. e.. Leave Independence, daily,
7:3o a. m; lv. Monmouth, 7:40 a. M; ar. Airlie,
S:l5 q. m.
Train No. 70. Leave independence, daily, $3.50
p. m; lv. Monmouth, $3.50 y. m; ar Airlie, 4:25
p. m.
FoR MONMOUTH ONLY.
Leave Independence, daily, 2:SO p. m.
No. l0l arrives Monmouth 7:2O IN.
FROM DALLAS.
FOR INDEPEEDENcE.
Train No. 65 Leave Dallas, daily ex. Sunday,
$50 a. m; ". Monmouth, s:55 a. m; ar. Inde-
pendence, 9:l5 a. m.
Train No. lOl. Lv. Dallas. Sunday only, 6:55
a. m; ar. Independence, 7:30 q. m.
Train No. 90. Leave Dallas, daily, D. m; lv
Monmouth, lbs p. m; ar. Independence, 40 p.
m (This train connects at Monmouth for Air
le)
Train No. II. Leave Dallas, daily, 7:35 D. m
w. Monmouth, s p. M; ar. Independence, s:l5
p. m.
FROM AIRLIE.
Train No 6s. Leave Airlie, daily, ga.m lv.
Monmouth, 9;S5 a. m; ar. Independence $50
a. m. (This train connects at Monmouth for
DallasD
Train No. p. Leave Airlie, daily. sos D. m;
lV MOumnnth & n m, Ind
sos p. m.
Train No. 100 leaves Airlie 4:45 p. m. SUNDAY
ONLY arrives Monmouth $40 p m. arrives Inde-
pendence 5:SJ p. m.
FROM MONMOUTH ONLY.
Leaves Monmouth for Independence, daily at
2:oop. N.
The Cairo bulletin., 1909-12-14
ZZEQDORE ROOSEVELT

out amy tine tracks maze ny the win
animals IS they had passed and re
passed In the snow Several times
we dismounted TO examine them. A
couple OF coyotes, possibly frightened
by our approach, had trotted and
Ioped up the valley ahead Of us, leay
ing a trail like that OF two dogs; The
sharper, more delicate footprints OF
fox crossed our path, and outside one
cng patch OF brushwosd a series Of
round imprints in the snow betrayed
where a bob-cat-as plainsmen term
he small lynx-had been lurking
around 10 try 10 pick up a rabbit or
a prairie fowl
AS the dawn Redeemed. and 1t be,
came light enough to see objects some
little way on, we began to sit erect
in our saddles and to scan the hill
sides sharply for sight Of feeding deer.
Hitherto we had seen no deer tracks
save inside the burberry bushes by
the river and We knew that the deer
that lived in that impenetrable jun
gle We're cunning whitetails which in
such a place coaId be hunted only by
aid Of hound But just before sun
rise we came on three lines of heart.
snup1u luUlulaIns IA tnr SNOW, NiiiGi.
showed where as many deer had just
crossed a little plain ahead Of us,
They were walking Ieisurely, and from
the lay Of the land we believed that
We should find them over the ridge,
where there was brush couee.
Riding TO one side Of the trail, We
topped the little ridge igst as the sun
famed mp, burning ball OF crimson
beyond the snowy waste at our backs
Almost Immediately afterwards my
companion leaped from his horse and
The Cairo bulletin., 1909-12-14
NEW YoRKs GREAT t:ARXEr.
Wher, s95.ooo,ooo Worth Of Prcsb
sions are Sold Annually.

Down along the docks Of the North
River between these and lludaoa
street for blocks is d region of hustle
ANA of traffic congestion, Of big es-
Establishments and sidewalks piled with
packages and cases and crates o ali
kinds. This region is the realm OF the
produce men
Street after street, every spot is
devoted to the one business and the
strange visitor would imagine this was
some world emporium making ready
10 ship TO every corner Of the earth.
1t is shipping, but chiefly for the pur-
pose of distributing consignments to
the many sectioua of the great me-
tropolis itself
Down here all Is strict business, as
carding to Alcolm. and one does not
lmbibe any atmosphere Of the clover
field or the poultry yard, nor does one
have time TO descant OA the worth
oil The business hen or beaueous kline
What one hears about here is eases
uf irsts, packages of prime &c.
For here as indicated are handled
the countrys most precious. for most
ptrishable dairy and poultry products
from day TO day In a year there pass
through the hands of the merchants
SIS cocoa worth of these products
SIS 600. 600 worth if cheese $34000,001
worth of butter, $25 100000 worth oi
eggs aud $3l.s00,0oQ worth Of poultry,
New York consumes 100000 cases
OF eggs alone-eaeh case containing
thirty dozen eggs. The average price
Of these eggs is for the year % cents
q dozen. OF this number there may
be from 100000 to 100000 Of refrigcra-
tor eggs which are stored or distribu-
lion to the retailers and sold 70 the
consumers through the regular chan
nels.
In the height of the season the re-
ceipts may sometimes be as high as
10000 cases or more in a single day
the prices fuctua ing according to the
condition OF supply and demand as
! well US OF me eggs themselves, the
range 70 prices during the year being
! from perhaps 40 to IL cents 4 dozeL
| lit wholesale.
The high prices occur daring The
late fall and winter when production
is ordinarily at its lowest point; but
during February and early MAJ /. ac
The Cairo bulletin., 1909-12-14
Birds as Scouts,

During the night, Jdly %, before
the battle OF Sadowa, q division COM
maaded by the Archduke, rereating
before the Prussian army had bivou-
acEed near town In Bohemia, facing
narth.
At midnight the Archdphe when
resting i'll a PEASANTS cottage, was
awakened by the arrival Of a gypsy,
who Insisted on seeing him Pc sonally,
having come to report the advance
Of the eaemy,
The Archduke, who spoke Romany
aueu,l.:. asked How 10 you know?
Our outposts have not reported any
movement.
"That. Your Eighness, is because
the enemy il still some way off"
Then how do you hnow?"
The gypsy. pointing to the dark sky
lighted by the moon, observed; You
see those birds flying over the woods
from north to south?'
YES, what Of them?"
Those birds do not fly by night un-
less disturbed. and the direction of
their flight indicates that the enemy
is coming this way
The Arehdula PUT his division under
arms and re-enforced the outposts,
which. III Two hours time were heavily
attacked London Gazstte
The Cairo bulletin., 1909-12-14

The wolves, two IN NUN per-
had crept mp close before being dis
covered. and had then raced down on
The astounded heifer almost before
she could get fairly started. One
brute had hamstrung her With a snap
OF his yise-like jaws. and once down
she was torn open in twinllling.
No sooner was the sun up than a
warm west wind began to blow III our
faces The weather had suddenly
changed and within an hour the snow
was beginning to thaw and to leave
patches OF bare ground on the hill
sides. We left our coats with our
horses and struck of on foot for q
group of high buttes cut up by the
cedar canyons and gorges, in which
We knew the old bucks loved to lie I
t was noon before We saw anything
more. We lunched at a clear spring
not needing much time. for all wP
Aad to do was TO drink a draught OF
icy water and MUNICH a strip Of dried
vlnison shortly afterward, a5 we
were moving along hillside with ST.
lent caution. We came TO sheer can.
Won Of which the opposite face was
broken by little Lodges grown UP Win
u ind-beaten cedars AS we paeped
over the edge, my companion touched
my arm and pointed silently 10 one
Of the lodges, and instantly | caught
the CLINT Of d bucks horns as he lay
half behind an old tree trunk. A
slight shift Of position save ne a
fair shot slanting down Between his
shoulders. and though he struggled to
his feet he did not go 50 yards after
receiving the bullet.
This was all we could carry Lead
ing the horses around We packed the
buck behind my companions saddle,
and then rode back for the doe, which
I nut behind mine But We were not
destined to reach home without a
slfsht adventure When we got 10
the river we rode boldly on the ice,
needless of the thaw; and about mid.
wav there was a sudden, tremendous
crash h. and men, horses and deer We're
scrambliug together In the water amid
slabs of floating ice. However. il was
shallow and no worse results followed
than some hard work and chilly
bath But what cared We We were
returning triumphant with Our Christ.
mas dinner.
The Cairo bulletin., 1909-12-14
a Cure for All Evils.

In certain parts OF Worcestershire
and StafFordshire, in England, the idea
prevails that a silver coin from the
Christmas moSning offertory is a soy,
ereign remedy"for any Ill that human
flesh is heir to. Accordingly, any
householder who happens 10 have an
ailng child or other person in the
house HES him to the clergyman Of
the parish on Christmas morning, and
asks as a favor sacrament shilling
The coin given in exchange has to be
obtained by collecting a dozen pennies
from as many different maideus, and
then changing the coppers for silver
shilling. For this coin the applicant
receives the coveted sacrament shil-
ling. which, on being taken home. is
hung round the ailing ones neck and
is popularity supposed to effect a rapid
and complete cure of the complaint.
no matter what it may be
The Cairo bulletin., 1909-12-14

MI DECEMBER. while 1
Was out on my ranch. so
much work had to be done
that 1t was within a week
Of Christmas before we
- - 1919 ~pv
The Cairo bulletin., 1909-12-14
What Wealth viii Bring,

You want an airship, madam in
quiries the suaye salesman. Certain
ly. We are now taking orders for the
latest model aeroplane.
"Aeroplane?' shifts the naughty
lady, whose husband Mapped to strike
the right side of the market. Plain. ~
want you to understand that we
want the fancy kind. with as many
trimmings as can be put on it."-Chi-
cage Post.
The Cairo bulletin., 1909-12-14

raised his rine. and as he pulled the
trigger | saw through the twigs Of a
brush patch on our left the erect,
startled head OF a young b!ack-tailed
doe as she turned TO look at us, her
great mule-like ears thrown forward
The hall broke her neck, and She
turned a complete somersault down
Hill, while a sudden smashing of IN
derbrush told OF the fight of her ter
riied companions.
We both laughed and called out
dinner as we sprang down toward
her. and in few minutes she was
dressed and hung up by the hind legs
on a snail ash tree The enlrai,s
md yi"ccra We tArew OF 10 one lido.
after carefully poisoning them from
little totte OF strychnine whics, {
'ad In NY rocket Almost every c}'
lenan carries lDison and neglects no
nance OF leaving ont Wolf bait. for
he wolves are sources az serious loss
The un.encpd and unhoused nou!,s
ID herds la this instance we felt
NJ eularly reyan2erul because Il,
a. trt a sAsY days siace we had lost
irs rcag3ing hotter The tracks
ne hillside where the carcass lay
.tt
The Cairo bulletin., 1909-12-14

much work had to be done
that Ii was within week
OF Christmas before We
were able to take any
thought for the Christmas dinner. The
winter set In lsts that year. and there
had been comparatively little cold
weather but one day the Ice on the
riyers had been sufficiently strong to
esabIe ns TO haul up wagonload OF
h2pr. With enough salt pork TO last
tEsEugh the winter. and very few
ffSssbf canned goods, TO be used at
special feasts. We had some bushels
of potatoes. the heroic victors OF
struggle for existence in which the
rest OF our garden vegetables had sue
cumbed to drought. frcst and grass
,hsppers; and we also had some wild
pluns aud dried elk yeutson. But we
had no fresh meat, and so one day my
foreman and | agreed to make hunt
on the morrow.
Accordingly one OF the cowboys
rode out In the frosty afternoon to
fetch in the saddlaband from the pla-
teau three miles off. where they were
grazing IL was after sunset when he
returned.
Il was necessary to get to the hunt
ing grounds by sunrise, and Ii still
lacked couple OF hours OF dawn when
ih2 foreman wakened me as lay
aaleep beneath the buffalo robes.
dressing hurriedly and breskfasting
or a cup of coffee and some mouth
fiils OF bread and jerked elk meat.
we slipped out TO she barn. threw fhe
lsrddles on the horses. and were off
The air was bitterly chill; the cold
had been severe for two days, so that
the river ice would again bear horses.
beneath the light covering of pow.
derry snow We could feel the rough
t.,.ind ike wrinkled iron under the
The Cairo bulletin., 1909-12-14

I, .ses neoIs. inere was no moon,
but the stars shone beautifully down
through the cold. clear air, and our
willing horses galloped swiftly across
the long bottom on which the ranch
house stood, threading their way delft
w among the ciumps Of sagebrush.
A mile on we crossed the river. the
ice cracking with noises like pistol
shots AZ Our horses picked their way
gingeriy over It. On the opposite
siha was dense jungle Of bull berry
bushes. and ON breaking through this
We found ourselves galloping up a
iony, winding valley. which led back
ilany miles into the hills The cram
MES and Iitile side ravines were filled
With hrushwood and groves of stunt
cd ash 'By this time there was a
tsdnt fush Of gay Ia the east. and as
~. fs,sin y ess-f 49, 49, cat.tn .i.- =