The Washington herald., 1909-04-18

cious. and intelligent. and could be nat
tered. So when they hinted that such a
man as he might control the fortunes OF
South America. he saw himself another
conquerIng hero like the little artillery
man OF Brienne. The disillusionment was
paid for by the Paragusyans at the high
est price ever contributed by a nation In
q similar cause.
In 1863. while our own civil war was In
progress. there was civil war in Uru-
quay. The party which was in power at
Montevideo was 70 the liking OF Lopez,
ant In agreement with mis- plans for the
future, but the governments at Buenos
Ayres and Rio de Janeiro favored the
cOOrS Of the rebel leader FiOre. They
accordingly furnished him what aid was
ct their disposal
/ Very quickly Lopez sent both Brazil and
Argentina notes saying that they must
keep their fingers out Of the Uruguayan
plot. The big countries did not know
whether TO be amused or angry. Here
vas this little upstart, az the head Of the
/ supposedly poorest nation in South
America. attempting 10 dictate terms 10
them. Finally they replied by sending a
gunboat or two UP the river t. make a
/ demonstration"
| The counter demonstration Of Lopez
showed that he meant business BY the
/ lst OF August. 1854 he had massed an
army Of $4,000 men. the most formidable
force In numbers ever gathered on the
continent. They were armed with rusty
0id flintiocks. macheteS and axes, and
were only half-clothed. bat tday were the
most Obedient servants any master ever
/ had. It is said that hoggings were re-
ceived by the soldiers complacentlv. only
bringing from them the remark; IF cur
father does not fog Us. who will:' They
called their officers father"
struck Blow ut Brazil.
With this force Lopez struck blow at
Brazil. In the province Of Matto Crosse;
and whereas he could readily march on
them from his position, the only adequate
attack they could make on Paraguay was
from the south. by way OF the Plata
River, and then only after a Journey Of
1000 miles.
After a battle in which Lopez was de-
feated came a bloody struggle at little
trading post called Curapayty. II there
We're ever any accusations of ope-a. b0uffe
warfare against either Brazilian OF Para
guayans. this was the final refuJlJiOn
An English engineer had fortified posi-
tiOn for Lopez. at a place when was in
/ itself almost impregnable. Lopez had
| 2o0o soldiers, and good battery. mod
ern for that time. Against this position
! 1900 Brazilian soldiers threw themselves
! three times IN the face Of a hail Of can
lister. Half their number were killed or
wounded; yet not until the word Of re-
treat was given did they retire.
The sun OF the fortunes OF Lopez. how
ever. was going down. Cholera devas-
;ated his camps. and at Humaita. on the
Paraguay River, he was defeated by the
allied forces Of Argentina, Uruguay. and
Brazil. On March I, 1870. in an attempt
20 escape. the dictator was speared by a
! common soldier. Thus perished one OF
the South Americans who in the wild de-
sire for personal aggrandizement. saw his
country ruined about his feet At the
close OF the war scarcely one-tenth OF
the male population was alive The wom-
en- (whO had also fought side by side
with the mem had TO found. practically
a new country. through their valor and
labor.
ROsaS. of Argentina.
Another soldier who attempted TO carry
into effect his monarchicaI dreams was
Juan Manuel Rosas, OF Argentina He
lived many years before Lopez. and was
a different kind OF man. Lopez had the
tice. Lopez spent his youth surrounded
by enervating luxUries; Rosas had plenty
OF money. but preferred 20 live a Jesse
James kind of existence on the rolling
prairies OF his fathers estate, south OF
BUenOs Ayres. lie was a daredevil
horseman-the King OF the Pampas"
some called him-and he was the idol OF
the gauchOs.
in 1879 the victories Of Gen. LavaHe
over msrrgent spirits made that warrior
dictator. But Lavalle vas worried by
the pretensions OF such men as Paz, in
the province OF Cordoba, and Quiroga.
in the province Of Cuyo. and finally gave
up his unhealthful position The time
was ripe for a strong man. with an iron
hand and equally hard heart Rosas
came TO the front; drove the rebels from
their strongholds. and was named by
terrorized legislature 'RestOrer OF the
Laws" The sum Of public power" was
officially given him by statute; and ROsas
proceeded TO make the utmost dividends
from that sum.
Rosas established reign Of terror that
made itself felt even in Europe. He re-
placed the old BucnOs AyTes cOlOrs OF
blue and white by his own color, red Il
was death to be seen wearing blue in any
form IN the streets. His gang OF des-
peradoes. recruited from the cowboys OF
the plains. secured the city OF Buenos
Ayres. numbering pillaging as they
pleased. They called themselves The
Massorca." and Il was a kind OF black
hand organization, according to the
stories told Of its warnings. its extortions,
and crimes.
Oversteps the Bounds.
But at last Rosas. who was reaching
out in all directions for territory and
money. and who had unquestionably made
plans for warfare against the neighboring
republics overstepped the bounds He
quarreled with Great Britain and France;
he defed their combined power, and m
suited their representatives. Both sent
fleets to Argentina, but somehow they
did not see At TO press the case against
the erupting dictator and received his /
flauntings humbly.
In 1915 Urquiza. Rosas' Marshal Ney."
turned against him. The ambitious plot
ter was defeated in a bloody struggle at
Caseros. Argentina. and had TO retreat to |
his stronghold in Buenos Ayres. Public |
sentiment. which was with him during /
his success, turned against him in his
discontinue. He was hoOted In the
streets. and finally took refuge on Brit |
ish maE-'O-war. on his way 70 that gay
est OF sad exiles-Faris. The only monu- |
ment to his memory is the superb park /
just outside Buenos Aypes. which had |
been his prineely estate.
Dom Pedro, OF Brazil.
Another South American who fen VIE |
tim TO his own unlimited power and am |
hilton was Dom Pedro 7 of pro I'll pedr, 1