davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
CANNON is COMING TO
MEND ILLINOIS FENCES
Speaker Says Work Of Tariff
Revision Was Done Well.

New York. Sept. 7.-"Uncle Joe"
Cannon, speaker of the house. is in
New York, purely on private bust.
ness. my son." he said. He will re-
turn TO Danville, ILL.,. today.
You see" said Cannon, confidently,
I've been in congress so long that it
behooves me between sessions to look
after my fences bit, so that may not
starve. I'm poor man. although
somebody has said somewhere or other
that I'm a millionaire. All bosh, you
know"
What do you think of the tariff re-
vision by the last congress. Mr.. Can.
non?'
q think it's ancient history now"
laughed the speaker. But" he con-
tinued. its the best thing done by
congress In fifty years. When yon con-
sidersthat a public measure like that
requires a majority of the 1892 in the
house and the 80 in the senate. you can
bet the majority cannot be wrong"
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
THRILLING ESCAPE OF
LINERS PASSENGERS
Vessel Strikes Rock and. Is
Battered to Pieces.

st. Johns. N. F., Sept. Thrilling
scenes attended the loss of the Allan
line steamer, Laurentian. bound from
Boston to Glasgow, which piled upon
the rocks near, Cape Race during a
dense fog.
The vessel is a total wreck, but tho
fifty passengers and forty members of
the crew reached land after trying ex-
periences.
The Laurentian was speeding along
when she struck the rocks. The ship
rehounded heavily, the shock throwing
most of the passengers. who were
asleep, from their berths. They STAN
NEEDED for the deck without stopping to
dress. Orders were given to put over
board the boats.
a fishing boat piloted the life craft
to harbor where the passengers and
crew were cared for by the fisher folks.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08

In Missouri there are only S7000O
acres of public land left, and the only
United States land office is at Spring
field
The loss by fire in Maine last year
was more than $4,OO0OOO. the highest
for ten years. The heavy losses In
Portland account for the greater part
of the excess.
There was time when Ohio was
noted for its forest products. Last
year it yielded only 100000 feet of tile
io.25G. l54.o00 feet of lumber cut In
the country. Pennsylvania. which
used TO lead in this industry. now
ranks as eighth among the states.
Washington coming first and Louisi.
ana second.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
Laundry Lines.

Pull lace gently, opening the mesh
with the left hand as you iron with
the right.
To make woulen goods look like new
Dnd to restore their life and color, add
one-half cup of vinegar to the rinse
water
If you scorch IL garment when iron.
ing it rub Il lump of dry starch on the
narl;. then sponge it of Repeat till
the yellow disappears.
Instead of adding bluing to water In
which lace has been rlnsed try making
the final rinsing in milk 1t gives q
lovely creamy tone to the lace.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
CRAFT and BOMB
TRIALS TO START
Inspector Mccain and Altman
Brothers at Bar To-day.
SIMPLY A MISSING WITNESS

Former Chief of Police Who Now Is
Beyond the Jurisdiction of the
Courts of Cook County Was to Have
Been Asked to Testify For Accused
Police Commander-other Hearing
Expected to Throw Light on Series
of Chicago Explosions.
Chicago, Sept. 1.-Two trials, one
growing out of the graft inquiry in
which Edward Mccain, suspended
police inspector, is the defendant ac-
cused of accepting brides. and the
other out of bomb explosions, in which
Vincent and Joseph Altman are tho
defendants, will begin today.
Mccain will be put on trial before
Judge Barnes. In the true bill upon
which the first trial is to be based Nc
Cam is accused of receiving S475 as a
bribe and graft money on July 1, of
the present year, from Louis Frank. a
partner in Frank Brothers saloon,
West Madison and North Halstead
streets, for permitting various dis
orderly houses to run during July.
1909. without police molestation.
Attorney James Hamilton Lewis.
former Judge Charles G. Nicely and
Attorney w. 7. Underwood will be in
charge of the defense of Mccain, and
States Attorney Wayman will per-
sonally conduct the prosecution. Both
sides declare that they are ready.
Departure of Former Chief of Police
Shippy to Europe brought to light the
fact that he is person whose testi'
mony was wanted and who is beyond
the reach of the criminal court Of
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
FLOOD AGAIN CAUSES
DISASTER IN MEXICO
Ten Towns Wiped Out and Thou.
sands Of Lives Lost.

Mexico City, Sept. THE town OF
Tula was visited by another flood. A
number of houses were carried away
and rich plantations destroyed. Alb
lect misery prevails.
General trrevino places the deaths
for the state of Nuevo Leon officially
at 1900.
A number of towns on the Rio
Grande have not yet been heard from.
The towns of Albania da Cos and
Aramberri are reported destroyed,
making ten towns in all partly or
wholly wrecked.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
ROUTES WERE NEARLY SAME
Gannett, the Geographcr, Says Both
Picked One General Course.

Gannett, the Geographer, Says Both
Picked One General Course.
Washington, Sept. 7.-"Should an
American first of all place the stars
and stripes at that coveted spot. there
is not an American citizen at home or
abroad, and there are millions of us,
but what would feel 4 little better and
little prouder of being an American;
5 and just that added increment of pride
and patriotism to millions would Of
itself be alone worth ten times the
( cost of attaining the pole.
Commander Peary almost three
years ago thus prohpetically outlined
his view of the value and interest at.
tached to the achievement he now an.
nounces.
All Washington Delighted.
The penetration of the frozen heart
OF the arctic circle, the news of Peary's
feat following close upon the heels of
DR.. Cooks planting of the American
flag at the same spot, evoked enthus-
iastic plaudits in Washington
Everywhere among army and navy
officers and scientists and official
Washington generally only words OF
praise were spoken for Peary.
'.Such wonderful achievements as
this make epochs in the history of the
world declared Captain Veeder, in
charge of the United States naval OBJ,
cervatory, "and | have no doubt that
this discovery will add immeasurably
TO the sum of human knowledge"
Captain Veeder greeted the an.
nonncement of Peary's attainment Of
!, the pole with hearty "goot q and adj
ded that he was immensely p.eased to
know that the American navy was at
least second In the race.
-Peary adds still another name to
the long list of American heroes" said
Professor aAsaph Hall of the observa'
tory. 81 0d not know him personally
but had come to have the greatest
admiration for him."
Peary's Name on Hero List.
Those persons who had associated
with Pea:y here speak of him as n man
OF wonderful capacity for doing things
and they instantly accepted the state
ment that he had discovered the pole
The courses taken by Peary and by
DR.. Cook did not differ very materially
according to Professor Henry Gannett
the geographer.
"Peary's plan was to get up, to tho
northeastern cape of Grantland, where
he made his former headquarters be
fore the ice closed in" said Gannett
III should say he took about the same
course this time. Dr. Cook started Ii
Etah or place near there and crossed
oyer into Grinnell land to some poin
on the north coast near where Pear.
started"
Peary's attainment of the pole
crowns the work of expeditions that h,
has led for number of years. Hi.
last expedition was in 1906, when b,
means of the little arctic steamer
Roosevelt. and by journeying OIL
.sledges he succeeded in reaching $
.,r-,~,-r .,-t,,-r-- --'-r'T- ---------------
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
COOK HELPED BY
SvERDRUP MAPS
! Rasmussen Says American Did
What He Hoped to Do.
GIVES REASON FOR SUCCESS

Danish Explorer Familiar With the
Bleak Regions Traversed by Intrepid
Brooklynite Declares the Feat Was
Achieved Because the Man Who
Found the Pole Lived as the Eskimo
llves-Declares He Has Travelled
Faster Over Ice Than Speed Claim
ed by Cook.
Copenhagen, Sept. 1.-THE wife OF
knpd Rasmussen, who was associated
with DIR. Frederick Cook in Greenland,
has received a letter from her husband
by the steamer Hans Egedo. The ex-
plorer writes:
Il never was so much moved in my
life as by the success OF Cook, for |
hoped to carry Off this triumph my
SELF
Mrs. Rasmussen said that her hus-
band always had been of the opinion
pole and that he believed DR.. Cook had
succeeded because he managed to live
like the Eskimos.
sverdrup consratulates Cook.
My husband said Mrs. Rasmussen,
was the first to congratulate DR.. Cook
and he listened to the testimony of
the Eskimos which is by no means
negligible. They do not understand the
use of instruments but they know how
to make observations of solar light.
My husband does not doubt in any way
DR.. Cooks yeracity. lie is even morti-
fled not to have performed the feat
I himself. He none the less congrat,i-
lates the great explorer"
The explorer Sverdrup came from
Christiania to congratulate DIR. Cook.
OF Sverdrup Cook said:
This is the man to whom owe my
success in life
Sverdrup answered.: what you
have done is great, beautiful; tell
yon SO from the bottom of my heart"
DR.. Cook explained that Commodore
Sverdrup had spent years in the diff
ficult and inglorious task OF mapping;
the polar regions. 1t was by following
the indications on the maps>o Sver-
drup that he was able to find his way
SO rapidly to- the north pole. Speak
ing of this achievement, Sverdrup
said:
He Has Travelled Twenty-Five Miles.
II believe Cook arrived at the pole
because he did not cling to the old
route usually followed, that which
I Peary Is now following. The rapid
currents of this route which carry OFF
: the ice may be said to make it i'm
possible to reach the pole. Dr. Cool:
had the good sense to follow his own
idea in the matter of route. He tool;
the only good one on account of the
slow displacement of glaciers north OF
Nansen sound, and he had the delicacy
to say that revealed the route TIC
him. That is true. | am the first tc
publish survey.
He had with him Eskimos carefully
chosen. Rasmussen, the explorer ii
-.Greenland, knows better than any one
alive that country and its inhabit
ants, and Rasmussen had absolute
faith in DR.. Cook. Finally. none but {
mailman would think that Cook has
not a convincing series of correct OBJ
servations. When he makes these pub
& lie all doubts will fall to the ground
But" questioned correspondent
cit has been declared that he could
not make a speed of fifteen miles {
day"
'srhat objection" replied sverdrup
"is without foundation, fer have
often covered more than twenty-fiv.
miles day"
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
HASKELL AS DRY CHAMPION
Calls on President to Help to Enforce

Calls on President to Help to Enforce
Prohibition Laws.
Guthrie, Okla. Sept. 7.-Governor
Haskell has addressed a letter to
President Taft in which he charges the
federal government with giving aid to
violators of the prohibitory law il.
Oklahoma. He writes:
I'VE appeal to you to recommend at
the coming session of congress the
enactment of legislation to the end
that the government may at least
cease to give aid and assistance to
those who would violate the laws of
this or any other prohibition state or
DISTRICT"
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08

Don't sugar the fruit that is served
at the table, suggests a competent
housewife. Have your berries or
sliced peaches or other fruit nicely
prepared and set on the table without
sugar. because If any of the fruit Is
left the sugar will make it look unap-
petizing If served at another meal
Serve the sugar separately In II shaker
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
SPANISH ARMY REINFORCED

General sotomayo Is Taking 1000
Men to Oppose the Moors.
Madrid, Sept. THE twelfth divi-
sion of the Spanish army, consisting of
1000 men under the command OF
General So.omayo. has been ordered to
Melilla, Morocco, to campaign against
the Moors.
Premier Maura said that another d.
vision might be modified immedi-
ately.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
TWO RECORDS SHATTERED
Lunehi SETS New Mark For 700 Yard

Lunehi scts New Mark For 700 Yards
Run-Patt Adams Other Hero.
Celtic Park. l.. l.. Sept. Emilio
Lunghi beat the worlds record for the
700 yard run. His time was i minute,
27 2-5 seconds.
Platt Adams made worlds record
in the standing hop, skip and jump,
covering 80 feet, az inches, beating
Malcolm i7ord's record of 81 feet, 10
inches, which stood since 1884.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
TWO WOMEN CLAIM BODY
Both Assert They Are the Widow of
Man Killed by Train.

NdH Niiteu ny IRAN.
Goshen, Ind, Sept. 6.-Two women
al here asserting the widows right to
the body of B. f. Craighead, who was
killed by train in Chicago recently.
The body was brought here by Mrs.
Craighead of this city and buried.
Now another Mrs. Craighead of Wan
gekan. Ill, arrives with her daughter,
Mrs. Eula McGuire, and declares that
Craishead was her husband and de-
mands that the body be disinterred
for identification.
The Waukegan Mrs. Craighead said
that her husband left home for trip
to Shreveport, La, and did not return.
No decision as to whether or not the
body should be uncovered had been
reached. Craighead, it is said, was
known in several cities as Drexel.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08

Cook county Counsel for Mccain de-
clared their client expected to prove
important facts by the former chief
and that his departure was a loss to
the defense. s,
The trial before Judge McEwen of
Vincent and Joseph Altman, charged
with throwing of the bomb near the
Chicago Title and Trust company
building, is expected to lay bare facts
about the numerous bombs which have
been thrown in various parts OF the
city at various times.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
REBEL TREATED LIKE BEAST
Ell Roshi to Be Released From iron
Caae-To Pay s1.2oo.ooo.

Cdge-Fo Fay S1,2UU,UUU.
Tangier. Morocco, Sept. Eel Roghi.
the rebellious subject of the sultan
of Morocco. who was recently carried
into Fee prisoner in an iron cage, is
i'll and the sultan has given orders that
he be no longer exposed to the public
gaze.
Ii is understood that FL Roghi will
order his European bankers to pay
over to the sultan the sum of $780,.
600.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
TAFT AND MlKADo's SON
Prince kinoyoshi kuni to Be Enter

tanned at Summer Capital.
New York, Sept. THE mikado's
grandson, Prince Kinoyoshi Kuni, who
is coming to this country to represent
Japan at the Hudson-Fulton celebra-
ton, is expected to arrive in New York
tomorrow. He will be received by
President Taft in Beverly on Friday.
The prince has been travelling il
Europe and has been entertained roy
ally in the various capitals.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
MISS STEWART WEEDS sEPT.15
aeiress to Marry Prince Miguel of
Eraoanya In Scotland

''e'' eSS 70 WeTTy VTIE'Ce WIgUeI OF
sraeanza In Scotland.
Dinswall, Scotland, Sept. THE
proclamation of the banns at Dingwall
of the marriage Sept. 10 at Tulloch
castle of Prince Miguel of Braganza
and Anita Stewart constitutes the first
announcement OF royal marriage in
Scotland since the Reformation.
Prince Miguel is the son of the pre-
tender to the Portuguese throne; Miss
Stewart is the only daughter of Mrs.
James Henry Smith of New York, by
her first marriage.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
The Weather.

Following is the official weather fore
cast:
Illinois and Indiana-showers today;
cloudy tomorrow.
Lower Michigan and Wisconsin,
Partly cloudy today and tomorrow.
Iowa-Partly cloudy today; showers
tomorrow.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
A SPOT Of Security.

isn't it a shame to keep those poor
lions caged?
Lady" answered the keeper at the
zoo, they're much happier and safer
there than they would be roaming the
African jungles. Washington Star.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
TAFT MAKES APPOINTMENT.
Selects Henry Hoyt as First Counsellor
of State Department.. II

of State Department.. II
Beverly. Mass, Aug. 31.--President
Taft disposed of important state de.
partment matters with Secretary
Knox.
He has decided to make Beverly the
summer capital again next year.
Among the announcements made
was the selection of Henry Hoyt,
former solicitor general, las counsellor
IF the state department. This is
.ewly created Office.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
Launch Smashed and TWO Die

Hampton, Va, Sept 1.-Two men
were drowned by the sinking of
launch from the supply boat Panther,
in Hampton Roads. The little vessel
drifted under the Panther and was
smashed by her propeller.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
Suspense.

Mrs. Kawler-Can your new girl
cook?
Mrs. Crossway-I haven't dared to
ask her yet.-Chicago Tribune.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08

"My wife is awfully good to me-"
"Lucky man! How does she show
it,"
"She lets me spend all the money l
save by shaving myself to buy base
ball ickets."-Cleveland Leader.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
Poisoned Food,

II poisoned by mushrooms. decayed
vegetables. fish or shelltish. the accept
ed antidote is powdered charcoal. fol-
lowed by two tablespoonfuls of castor
oil. followed by stimulants.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
Wonder of Wonders.

A young man, writing to his sweet
heart, started his letter this way:
Dear Mabel-As this is Sunday and
l had nothing else to do l thought l
would write to YOU"
He wondered why he never heard
from her again.-Judge.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
A Sign.

Il understand Brown is baseball
fan?"
What makes you think 500"
Mrs. Brown told me this morning
that she had quit getting hot meals for
supper" Free Press.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
Sharp.

0HarP.
Mrs. Sharp-So you told Mr.. Jones
you wished you We're single once more,
did you?
Sharp with quick wiD-Only that
might have the happiness of marrying
you again, darling.-Bos Transcript.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
Handy Wins ren.Mile swim.

st. Louis, Sept. HAIRY j. Handy
of the Illinois Athletic club won the
ten mile swim in the Mississippi river
here.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
TORPEDO BOATS FOR TAFT
Division of Fiotilla to Escort President
Down the Mississippi.

Washington, Sept. -Four torpedo
boats have left Hampton Roads to pro-
coed to ST. Louis and escort President
Taft down the Mississippi river to New
Orleans as a feature of his coming
uanscontirental tour.
The vessels are the destroyer, Mac
Donough, and the torpedo boats, Thorn
ton, Tingey and Wilkes.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
The PHILIPPINES.

The Philippines lie wholly within
the tropics. reaching at the south TO
within ~: degrees of the equator.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08
HONoRsTOYouTHFuL GOLFER
Evans, Jr, Has "a In the Tournament
at Wheaton In

at Wheaton, III.
Wheaton, ILL.,, Sept. Z. = Charles
Evans, Jr., the eighteen-year-old cham
pion of the Western Golf association,
carried off the honors of the first eigh.
teen holes qualifying play for the ma
tional amateur golf championship with
IA.
T. NJ. Sherman. son of the vice
president. has rs.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-09-08

$50 he didn't swear OFF,"
No. Stopped entirely Browning's
MAGAZINE
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1909-01-08
THE TARIFF AND WOOL.

Millions of dollars have been invest
ed in sheep, and in many of our
states il is one OF the leading indus
tries, or products. Thousands OF men
are dependent for their livelihood up
on ihte employment wllich this industry
provides. Ii would be grossly unjust
to destroy or even TO impair a bust
ness of this tmporante and which
no one denies has been built up un-
der the shelter of a protective tariff.
No public interest 10 be compared in
magnitude with that of the wool in
dustry calls for reduction in the duty,
and Congress should not listen to any
suggestion that a reduction be made.
1t will not cleapen the poor mans cloth,
ing but 1t will deprive the poor man
of thousands of dollars which he now
receives from the sale of wool and
lambs and deposit that money into the
hands Of tbe rich Australian sheep
growers. or almost as bad, into the
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1909-01-08
DR.. and Mrs. Pendleton Entertains.

A. elegant 8 o'clock dinner was
given In honor Of Miss Airline Cook,
OF kuttawa, KY, TO the officers and
members of Co. H, at the home Of
DR.. and Mrs. F.. B. PendletOn on
Union strcst, on the evening of Jan.
2, 1909. The dinner was served in
three courses and declared by all pres
ent to be the most delightful re-
past of the season.
The evening was spent in playing
various games and in other amuse-
ments. The occasion in every respec,
was a most felicitous one, and the
hest and Epst ess are to be congratu-
lated. Those present were:
Capt. DeWeese, Miss Monroe; Lieut..
Woodward, Miss Poppie Nall; Corpl
Kcown, Miss Ru-h Riley; Musician AL
lison Barnett, Miss Anna f. Keown;
Serg. Raymer Tinsley. Miss Alice
Kecwn; Private Robt. Halliburton, Miss
Jennie Taylor; McHenry Holbrook Miss
Mary Marks; Musician Trimbla Pen
dleton, Miss Airline Cook; Frank Fore
man, Miss Catharine Pendlcton; Pri-
ware Weston Meloncon, AnastA Patin.
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1909-01-08
Doings of the City Council.

The Hartford Council met in
regular monghly session Wednesday
evening, ard wound up all OF the
old business for the year 1908. The re
port of the tax supervisors was re-
ceived which showed the taxable prop
erty of the city to be about s450,000
The tax rate was fixed at 75c and ST.
so poll, which is the same as last
years rate. A large number of claims
were allowed. The final statement for
the year. A contract which had been
made by a subcommittee, consisting
of lmen,Simmerman, Griffin and
Birlohead, with the Hartford Stone and
Construction Company 10 furnish be-
tween 1000 and 1900 cubic yards of
crushed limestone rock for street pur-
poses during the year 1909, was rau-
fled by the council. Clerk, c. NJ.
Grove filed his resignation, and Mr..
George Lewis was elected to succeed
him, filing bond, which was approv-
ed by the council and he at once
took the oath of office and assumed
his duties. The City Attorney was
directed to take steps TO acquire for
the city, on the street known as
Hardinsburg road, adjacent to the
lands of Capt. S. X. Cox, sufficient
ground for street and sidewalk pur-
poses. The City Attorney was also
directed to take necessary legal steps
TO secure the building OF sidewalks
on all streets in Hartford which have
been hretofOre ordered, and the or
der has not been complied with.
The City Council being whhout a
place for meeting has rented the room
over Lyons grocery, on Center street,
for meeting place for the present year.
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1909-01-08
Musical Opportunity.

In the days when Hartford College
was the musical center for this sec
ton, /, in turn with other eastern
teachers had charge ct the music de-
partment (piano and organ). During
most OF the succeeding time / have
taught few pupils at the request
OF former patrons. Now nscessi;y re-
quires that / resume teaching in car
nest and / bespslk a share Of Hart
ford patronage.
A choral class is being organized
to meet at my house Friday night All
in chorus singing are in
vited to GOMEZ but by their presence
they do not obligate themselves TO
become members.
LIZZIE w. THOMAS.