davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Dickinson press., 1909-10-30
PRESS BULLETIN NO.. SO.
Deterioration in Wheat Yields Due to Root RIOTS and Blight
Producing Diseases.
u Ii. /. BolLEY. se...,...

For a number of years the
writer has been convinced,
through his observation and ex-
periments, that the .lessened
yields of wheat upon NORMALLY
well cultivated but old wheat
lands of the Red River Valley
and various other spring wheat
areas of the northwest, are not
due wholly to soil deterioration
as to valuable plant food. It is,
however, quite commonly assert.
ed and has been the usual belief
that such reduced yields should
be largely attributed to a loss
of valuable nitrogen in the soil.
My experiments, consisting of
carefully planned paintings, un-
der green house and field condi-
tons, upon virgin soils and old
wheat soils, covering a number
of years and conducted for the
purpose of trying out various
ideas as to the cause of such
crop deterioration, have each
year given results OF such nature
as to convince me that one of the
chief causes of the gradually re-
duced yields in the case of the
wheat crop is not directly asso-
ciated with a deteriorated nitro
gen condition, but is brought
about primarily by specific crop
diseases which are more or less
affected by the characteristics
of the soil, and especially by at
mospheric conditions.
Indeed, the results of the ex-
periments planned and executed
by the Department of Botany of
the North Dakota Agricultural
Experiment Station are of such
nature as to show that the chief
cause of the general deteriora-
ton of the yields of wheat on
Red River Valley lands rests in
the action of parasitic fungi,
causing root rot, willing and
blighting of the straw and heads,
so that even on fertile lands the
The Dickinson press., 1909-10-30
CERTIFICATE OF CORPORATE Elk
BTENCE

State Of North Dakota. Department Of
State.
Whereas. Thomas Germo. Cornelius Williams
and Frank Hutchinson have filed In this once
q copy of their Articles of Association and an
Organization Certificate. as provided in Sec.
tions 1855 and 1851. Chapter 81, Revised Codes
1905, said chapter being the law governing the
organization and management of State
Banks. setting forth all the facts required to
be stated in said sections, and have In an re-
spects compiled with the requirements of the
law governing the organization of State Banks
as contained In the .chapter herefnbe1ore re-
ferred to:
Now. therefore. I. ALFRED BLAIsDEIL4
Secretary of State of the State Of North
Dakota. by virtue and authority of law. do
hereby certify that said parties. their associ-
ates and successors. rave become Q body
polite and corporate. under the corporate
name Of FARMERS AND MERCHANTS
STATE BAN (of Taylor and by that name
are hereby authorised TO commence the basi-
porate seal: to sue and be sued. purchase.
hold and convey real and personal property,
Is provided by said chapter: TO have
succession for . period Of twenty-five
years: to make contracts and to have M
enjoy all the rights and privileges granted TO
State Banks under the Laws Of this State, sub
ject to their Articles Of InoorporAtion and an
legal restrictions d liabilities Ia relation
thereto.
In Testimony WhereofyI have hereunto set
my hand and Anaxe tho Great Seal Of the
State OF North Dakota, ct bismarck, this 9Th
day of August, A. D. 1909.
[sEALl ALFRED BLAISDNL.
l0'l64t Secretary Of State.
The Dickinson press., 1909-10-30

yield of seed may be reduced to
such extent as to deceive one in
to believing that, the land is worn
out for wheat. !.
This if correct, is very impor-
tant and may we'll give much
hope to the farmer; for, if such
losses are largely due to parasitic
action rather than to material
losses in fertility, possible rem
edies may licin different lines of
procedure than in the case of lost
fertility. Further, our experi-
ments seem to furnish a material
basis for the belief that proper
handling for disease prevention
may largely restore the yielding
power of such soils without great
cost.
Details regarding the charac.
ter of the parasites studied aud
regarding the proofs that there
may be poor yields even on soils
of high nitrogen fertility, wher
these parasites are present, and
therefore that deterioration in
crop yields is not alone to be ex-
planned upon the basis of lost
nitrogen, must await publication
in a regular bulletin or report. I
need not say more at this time
than to afimm:
~ That continuous wheat
cropping has, in my belief, been
chiefly instrumental in the intro
duction of wheat parasites into
the soil and into the S eed, and
that these parasites are caeired
in various ways from field to
field and especially are transmit
ted from crop to crop by way of
the seed.
ca That through the prac-
tice of continuous wheating, soils
in many cases have become in.
fected with from one to three or
four definite parasitic fungi
which attack. after the same
manner as the fax-wi1t fungi at
tack and destroy the fax crop
on old fax lands, and therefore
The Dickinson press., 1909-10-30

ually cause seed deterioration BY
internal attack and, even though
the new lands were wholly free
from disease, disease. infested
seed sown there continues the
trouble.
Advice for Next Years Crop.
(1) Rotate, thus giving the
wheat fungi which are now
known to exist in such defective
fields, a chance to diesout. Corn
culture and other crops than
cereal associated with close pas
ture, are most likely to give ben.
efcial results.
ca Sow only plump, proper
ly colored seed wheat, for some
of the chief wheat parasites
which we have been studying in
fest the kernels of diseased
wheat plants internally, and are
thus carried each year to the
new crop. No diseased grains
retain a normal color, shape and
size. Therefore, grade the grain
80 as to eliminate the shrunken
and shrivelled seeds.
60 Treat all seeds by the for
maldehyde method: for the seed
from infested wheat crops also
carry the spores of the wheat
parasites upon the outside of the
grain, as in the case of smut,
and the forma1dehyde treatmen mt
easily destroys all such spores.
This is one of the explanations
why treatment for the prevention
of smut has always shown an in
The Dickinson press., 1909-10-30

crease of crop, even though the
grain so treated is known to be
free from smut. This method
Of handling seed will prevent
sowing large quantitiesos spores
Of the wheat parasites uponsun-
infected or slightly infected
soils.
90 Avoid so preparing the
land as to produce an excess of
available nitrogen fertilizers in
undue amounts Immediately
preceding the. wheat crop, un.
less the large available nitrogen
supply is counterbalanced by
phosphates or other mineral fer
tilizers suited tohasten maturity,
and harden or stiffen the straw;
for wheat on such lands falls an
easy prey to the tung1. A crop
of corn. or fax or millet upon
such lands; proceeding the wheat
crop, will be apt to leave the soil
in such condition as to conduce
to the formation of a sitter
straw.
(5) Give the soil thorough
cultivation, drainage and iera'
ton, and yet have the seed bed
thoroughly compact. These are
conditions which are particular.
ly favorable to the production oil
the wheat plant, conditions which
it can stand twell, while the re.
verse conditions are apt to be ia.
vorab1e for the growth of fungi.
Agricultural College. N. D.,
August, 1909.
The Dickinson press., 1909-10-30
HORSES WANTED

Would like to buy about 90 head of
horses, mares preferred; broken or un-
broken, nothing ove E years old. Can
take; them from nj year up. Will pay
a good price for the right kind.
EUGENE WEIGEL,sHebron. Io-2-tf
The Dickinson press., 1909-10-30

S0Su WuS0S JANUS Moy OS S0lO W
be "wheat-sick" in exactly the
same sense that old fax lands
have previously been termed
"hax-sick."
60 We have found that vari-
Gus types of fertilizers and
chemical substances applied to.
the soil, and various methods of.
treating the soil, have a marked.
effect upon the type of injury
that these fungi are able to ac-
co,nplish. For example, by
special treatments of such old
"wheat-sick" lands we have been
able to heighten the destructive
effects of the diseases upon the
crop. In certain other cases we
have been able to greatly modify
or improve the character of the
seed and straw produced.
() The diseases under con-
sideration may attack the crop
directly by way of the seed, by
way of the soil. or through wind
blown spores.
(5) The destruction of the
crop so far as reducing the yield
of plump seeds is concerned,
seems to be quite closely proper
tionate to the speed of maturity
and to the hardness of the straw;
that is to say, a stiff, harsh
straw suffers less than a soft,
succu1ent straw.
co. While there is sufficient
fertility available in our Red
River sells to produce an album
dant growth of straw, the quality
of the straw produced is often of
such nature that when attacked
by the various soil and seed in
Testing fungi it is unable to re-
sist. The result is that the
grain fails to fill. In many
cases the young grains are cut
off from the mother plant by the
action of intervening fungi be-
fore even the milk stage is
reached, with the result that all
of the grains of a head, or most
of them, are shrivelled. The
action of the fungi is greatly
heightened by hot, moist wealth
er and poor drainage. The fungi
often attack the grain internally
and usually fruit upon the straw
giving it a spotted appearance
to the upper portions. 80
AS yet I am unable to propose
as definite methods of treatment
of wheat seed and wheat soils as
I have done in the case of flax
seed and fax-sick soils, but our
experimental results are of such
direct nature as to warrant the
belief that sanitary methods of
soil culture and of seed treatment
similar tolthose advised for the
elimination of fax-wilt fungifrom
seed and from soil will work
wonders when applied to seed
wheat and to the so-called worn
out" wheat soils; and will, l be-
lieve, do much to bring future
wheat crops up to the old time
standards of stiff. bright straw
and plump grain.
There must be consistent ro-
tation, planned with a view Of
eliminating these accumulated
fungi from the soil, and when
fertilizers are added, it must be
done with an understanding of
the needs of the crop. For ex-
ample, a soil which contains an
excess of nitrogen as against
pyosphates, potash and other
mineral elements, will produce a
slowly ripening, soft strawed
grain which falls an easy prey
to such fungi as are now known
to attack wheat.
Previous to wheat culture,
therefore, there should be such
an adjustment Of crops as to as
sure that the wheat crop which
follows will not have an excess of
s H5S8E -. .sg&E4 49,. y > -
The Dickinson press., 1909-10-30

Bring your printing to this Office.
The Dickinson press., 1909-10-30
100000 Women Use It

figure that 30o, 900 housewives now us It every day
use It for laundering and for dish-washinR--use It because
III very much better than Z merely good soap.
want You housewives who use merely good soap to
know Galvanic-the best--to Judge by results which = the
best soap.
Gaivanic Soap cannot harm the clothes.
I've So years. experience crystalMsed g this soap.
Galvanic makes the clothes cleaner and whittier and goes
twice a. far az . yellow soap.
No boiling required. No rubbing-euzcept very soned
spots.
Cocoanut oil IL one reason.
I 60 1913 miles to Csylon for this oil. sss@s#s
Others won't use II because its ezpensive. ~ It's I'M
mensely effective. ##sa ssss
But nothing's too good Tor thoss 10000 Who D. Gal
vanic Soap. $
They deserve to ben. @ I make Is
The Dickinson press., 1909-10-30

They deserve q big cake for Sc, % I giveit.
! can afford to make less profit, for they'ns
always use my soap.
Don'tyou want to know what they're gettinRl
Don't you want to try this soaplY
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1909-04-29
TURKEYS NEW RULER.
Abdul a Prisoner and Brother Is Pro-
claimed Sultan.

CoNsTANTINOPLE, April 27.-Abdul Ia
mid III was driven from the throne of the
Ottoman empire today and his brother,
Mehemmed-Resehad, weakling under
the title of MahommedV V, reigns, but does
not rule, in his stead.
Some hours before parliament approved
the decree of deposition soldiers of the
constitution went to seize Abdul Hamid.
He was found in the harem and quickly
driven to the Chcragon Palace, where the
elder brother, Sutton Murad V, who was
also deposed, was incarcerated for more
than twenty years.
Abdul Hamed's dethronement was not
technically an act Of parliament or of the
Young Turk committee. 1t was accom-
plished in the only lawful manner, by a
decree of the Shiek Al-Islam, the head
OF the Mohammedan church.
The city remains quiet, but the streets
arc full of people. The chief topic of dis
cussion is the future treatment of Abdul
Hamid, who will be kept a close prisoner
wherever the assembly decides he shall
be incarcerated.
Mehemmed-Reschad, who comes TO the
throne, is a nonenity. This is in his favor
for he will reign only in name. He has
been virtually a prisoner throughout the
reign Of his brother, and it is not surpris-
ing that he is little more than a sonsualist.
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1909-04-29
sviiIe.
recial Correspondents Of The Argus.

oISSai correspondence OF The Argus.
Everybody is busy making garden.
The mines here have resumed work
again.
Fay Hartsell was Kingwood visitor
Saturday.
Dave Edward was a Tunnelton visitor
last Saturday.
Philip Caufield was in Tunnelton Fri
day on business.
John Holman was in Tunnelton satur-
day on business.
Mrs. Henry Rehe. of Grafton. is here
visiting relatives and friends.
Our boys say il is just as good TO loaf
as TO work except on pay day.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Rhodes were Wis
iting at Joe Miller's last Friday night.
Miss Nellie Swearingen, OF Kingwood
Is home visiting her parents for a few DAYS
Oscar Rhodes, from near the camp-
ground, was calling on friends here last
week.
Miss Catharine Dembrie, who has been
Elsltlng her parents here, returned 10
Grafton last Sunday.
There was party given at Sam Ayers
mans Saturday night. A large crowd
was present and report a fine and dandy
time
The only excitement in our little town
Is the passing Of the daily train on the
West Virginia Northern, and then the
girls get TO wave at Jackie.
John Korte and Frank Holman were
Sunday visitors atJames WrighPs. There
must be some attraction down the lane
Tor these two. How about Il?
John Homer passed through here SAT.
qrday Co visit his parents near Irona
JOHN IS jolly young railroad man from
near Fairmont and we are all glad to see
him.
Benedict Greaser passed through here
Sunday afternoon and evening and Tho
best Of II IS hc had a different girl each
time. Re careful, Ben, OF You Won't
know which is your best girl.
Frank Koch, our genial merchant. mot
with slight accident here last Monday.
While going from the porch be made A
misstep and fell from the parch and
spraned his knee, but is able to be ont
again. RED Eye.
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1909-04-29
Greed Collins Dead.

Greed Collins, of Pennsboro. one of the
best known citizens of the town and at
one time the richestm man in Richie county.
dled at his home at $50 Friday after
noon. His death was the result of a ner-
vous breakdown which has kept him bed
fast for several months. Mr.. Collins was
the principal owner of the Collins Lum-
Der Company, of Pennsboro, which in
turn was the owner of the Deckers Valley
Lumber Company and the Lick Run Lum-
Der Company, along the NJ. & X. He
was a leading banker OF his county. Some
months ago he was forced into bank
ruptcy and he gradually decliued until
death ended his career. His funeral oc-
CURED Sunday from his late home.
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1909-04-29
Warning Against GRATING.

Determined that petty grating, which
is said to have been practiced in several
OF the state departments in former adj
ministrations, cannot he charged TO his
administration, Gov Glasscock has issued
rigid orders providing for the straight and
narrow way in which state employees shall
walk. No officer of the state may sell any
supplies OF any kind to the state, nor NAV
he purchase any goods for the use of the
state from any other person in the EN-.
ploy of the state State officers cannot
present each other with gifts. None oil
the employees OF the state may accept
presents from any company doing bust.
ness with the state. The last provision
and the provision which prohibits state
employees from selling goods to the state
have been violated in recent administra.
tions
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1909-04-29
Twilight.
Ipondenee Of The Arrus

opechi NorreSpondcncc OF The Argus.
Rev. S. y. Hawlcy was calling on friends
down on Birds creek last Sunday.
Nelson Erwin moved from Kanes Greek
back to his farm near here last week.
Coda Gross, who taught the Kanes
Creek school, left for her nome i'm Bnck-
harmon last Friday accompanied by her
sister, Mrs. j. A. Sterling, Of Manown.
A merry crowd drove up from King
wood last Saturday evening 10 the resi-
dencc OF Rev. y. y. Hawley, where Harry
y. Boone and Miss Nettie Bucklew, Of
kingwood, were quietly married.
Henry Riggleman, OF near Gordons
church, was calling on his many friends
IN this section last week. He expects TO
take q trip soon up in Randolph. where
he VIII visit among relatives for some time.
A very pretty wedding occurred at the
residence Of the officiating minister. Rev.
;. L. Hawley, last Friday, April %. The
contracting parties We're Emerson Fazen-
baker and Miss Rosa Turner. daughter
oil Thomas Turner, out near Browns Mill
Tom Dolan, who has figured in n sem
sational episode with Gladys Wamsley at
Morgantown, was i'm the vicinity of Kanes
Creek one night last week. He left very
suddenly and IL is surmised that officers
We're on his track and he was Guiding
them. Tom lived at one time in this
neighborhood and was not then consid-
cred desperate.
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1909-04-29
COUNTY Correspondence
Interesting Letters from a Host OF
Argus Writers.
SOMETHING DOING IN THE COUNTRY
Bright Bits Of News and Gossip Abou,
You and Your keishbor-The
Events OF Week.
Ear.

Special Correspondence Of The Argus
Miss Alfred Cupp is on the sick list
Mrs. Peter Hickey health is improving.
Hugh Kelley was at Bruceton Sunday
afternoon.
Gay Guseman went TO Addison, Pa.
Sunday last.
Clyde Forsythe has gone TO Friends
vile TO work.
Miss Bliss Frankhouser is staying at
her uncle's, w. A. Wolfe.
Aldine Livengood, of Cuzzart, was n
business caller here Tuesday.
Miss Georgia Conner, of Uniontown. IL
with Grandma Hickey near here.
Drs. Nedrow & Son, of Bruceton, were
at John q. Kelley's Sunday last.
Mr.. and Mrs. Milton Fike, OF Hazelton,
were guests at Alfred Cupp's Sunday.
j. j. Kelley was at j. T.. Jenkins at
Morgans Glade Wednesday on business.
Mr.. and Mrs. Elisha Ringer, of Guse-
man, visited at Ezra Kclley's recently.
Marshall Spiker visited his sister, Mrs
Emory Cupp, near Clifton Mills, the past
week.
Rev. T.. S. Withers, of Brandonville.
preached for our people again Saturday
night.
Hugh Kelley took Il calf TO Charley
Collins, the huckster, at Bruceton We'd
ncsday.
Harry Benson went TO Brandonville
last Wednesday TO visit his mother, Mrs.
Sallie Benson.
Miss Alice Guseman, who stayed at
John q. Kelley's the past week, returned
home Saturday.
Miss Goldie Smith who had been visit
ing her uncle, w. G. Smith, returned
home Wednesday.
j. @. Hickey went TO Uniontown Thurs
day accompanied by his sister, Mrs. Anna
Conner, of that place.
John, Victor, and Melvin Cupp went
to Friendsville after furniture and ON
other business Thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. G. Smith visited Mt
Mrs. Sarah Kelley's Tuesday night and
part OF "Wednesday of last week.
Cyrus Miller and Floyd Schnopp at
tended the funeral of Joseph Ringer, sr.
at the Ringer cemetery Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Jonathan Spiker drove
to Brandonville Saturday TO see the lat.
ter's mother, Mrs. Sallie Benson, who is
very ill.
The infant daughter of Mr.. and Mrs
John Q. Kelley died Monday morning
| April rs, and was buried at Centenary
Tuesday afternoon.
| Mr.. and Mrs. George Neman, Mr.. and
Mrs. Melvin Cupp, and John III. CupI
attended the funeral OF Jesse Knox al
Salem last Wednesday.
| Isaac AMMAN, who has been MOVING
his property from Maryland the pas
| week, brought his wife "Wednesday anC
they are living here now.
John NJ. Smith, our newly commits
stoned postmaster, took charge OF tn,
postotiice requisites here Tuesday las
and moved them short distance from
here and set the Office uD on the corner.
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1909-04-29
MAY MErEoHoLocY.
Month VIII GLOW Win Sunshine and
Be Free from Frost.

Peter X. Smith forecasts the weather
for May as follows:
The storm exciting causes for the month
Of May are much lcssened this year over
what they were for the past several Mays.
Hence causes denote il bright. rosy
month, glowing with sunshine. And,
indeed, even in the cyclonic belts these
destructive storms will be much reduced
in force. The causes which bring about
frost are at minimum. II any frost
should appear it will be light. May will
have its refreshing showers, which will
be followed 10y cooler conditions. May
will open with rain on her border in
western and central parts.
On the last day Of April warm wave
will be developed, bringing on cloudiness
and rain. The wave Oh IL passage will
break and form electric showers in many
places rs il moves on eastward. Fair.
cooler weather will follow.
a wave Of disturbance will be central
on the 9th. The period will start with a
warm wave ON the 9th. Cloudiness and
rain viii be on transit, passing east ON
the 9th, 9TH, and Sth. A change TO fair,
cooler weather will follow the western
flank of the wave, which may be cool
enough for frost.
A storm period comes on the 18th. 18th.
and 18Th. A change to warmer will be
experienced on the 10th, and on the 18th
and 18th thundershowers will lnaterialize.
On or about the 18th cooler weather will
prevail. There should be no alarm at
this time of frost danger II any il will
he very light.
"A change TO much warmer will be ex-
perienced on or touching the 18th, which
VIII develop storm wave that will be in
force 10 the 10Th. A series OF thunder
showers of much strength will prevail gen.
orally at this period in most parts of the
country. After the passage of the wave il
viii be much cooler on or about the 10Th,
a storm period is central on the 23d
9th, and 25th. Thundershowers will
develop and in places storms of wind will
show up with much vigor. Thick cloudi
ness and light rains will materialize on
the storm days generally.
The last period is central on or touch
ing the Goth, which is likely to bring sew,
eral stormy days touching the Goth. TIL,
storm wave is likely to break up into
thundershowers, which may daily appear
10 June | or 2.