davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1909-04-10
The Licorlee Shrub.


The licorice shrub is like the hazel,
growing to the height Of four or five
feet, and the root is the only part that
has value. II is found in damp, sandy
places. chiefly along the banks Of riy-
ers around the Caspian sea, and is dug
by peasant women. who earn from 10
TO Is cents a day working for the
licorice collectors. The root sells for
a few cents pound In the raw state.
The larger part Is shipped in that con.
dition, but about 20 per cent Of the
product Is boiled and crushed, and the
juice Is made into the hard black paste
such as can be bought in the drug
stores. In 1913 an Italian began to
cultivate llcorice. and since that time
many people have adopted the indus
try because the cultivated root con.
tains much more sap than that Of the
wild plant and costs very little more
The only attention necessary Is to keeT
the soil loosened and well watered
The cultivated licorice brings much
higher prices In the market and pro
duces a much greater quantity OF
paste In proportion.-Chicago Record
Herald.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1909-04-10
Oriain Of the Opera.

In one sense the opera is one Of the
Oldest forms Of entertainment. for its
origin is to be found I'm the old Greek
drama. In Its modern sense, how
ever. II dates from the year 1900.
when Perl produced the first true
Italian opera to grace the festivities
Of the marriage OF Henry ". OF
France and Marie de- Medici. The
work attracted great attention. and
many italian mobiles figured In the
cast. In France the opera was the
outcome of the ballet and in England
Of the masque. Purcell Is entitled to
the honor Of producing the first real
English opera. although one OF Ben
Jonson's Mosques was set 20 music rs
early as 1917.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1909-04-10
CALVIN n. TAYLOR,

Attorney at Law. Berlin. Nd. Promp, attention
given all business.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1909-04-10

STATE OF MARYLAND.
Office Of the State Insurance Department.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1909-04-10
Fire Insurance.

For ninety mine years the Hartford Fire Insur-
ancc Co. has insured against loss by fire. and in
business in America. Il has not only promptly
paid every individual loss but has given safety
and satisfaction TO its policy holders in all the con-
fagrations Of American history. The Hartford
stands to-day with large assets and ample hnan-
cial resources the leader among fire companies.
But its proudest asset il its reputation for COM
mcrcal honor and good faith II will sell you
honest and safe insurance. Losses paid Cash
Without Discount" Is not this the Company you
want?
Appended hereto find abstract Of its annual
abatement for the year ig0a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-23
DIXIE" LEADS IN FAVOR.
DECLARED. FIRST AMONG OUR
AMERICAN PATRIOTIC SONGS.
Verdict Of the Library Of Congress,
Division Of Music Chief,
o. G. r. Sonneck.

Dixie" has finally been officially pro-
claimed as first in American songs and
music in patriotic popularity Such is
the verdict Of o. q. T. Sonneck, chief OF
the division Of music Of the Library OF
Congress. who has just issued from the
government press an exhaustive report
on four famous American musical COM
positions. Yankee Doodle" though no
longer q national song. is still a national
air and second only to Dixie in the
popularity contest.
The origin and evolution OF Yankee
Doodle" Star Spangled Banner" Hail
Columbia and America are treated in
flll detail in Mr.. Sonneck's volume
He has furnished, as far as possible, a
correct version of both text and music
Of all four pieces. Facsimiles of the
original manuscripts are reproduced In
the volume.
The history Of Yankee Doodle is de-
scribed as "a perfect maze Of conflicting
stories" and countless additions to and
variations from the original AS many
as fourteen variations of the Star
Spangled Banner" are noted, accompa-
MED by a gradual process of polishing and
modification. The year in which "Ameri-
ca" was first sung in public is fixed as
1852, but the exact place and date were
not definitely ascertained. Hail Column
bia'' is strictly product of the United
States in both words and music. in con-
tradistinction to America" and 1.-THE Star
Spangled Banner" both Of which partly
originated In England. Mr.. Sonneck's
volume Is not for free distribution.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-23
ALUMNI OF THE WESTERN
HIGH SCHOOL ORGANIZE
Officers and Board Of Trustees Elect
ed-since 1893, 655 Students
Graduated From Institution.

The Western High School Alumni As
ISOLATION was organized last night by
more than 200 former pupils. The meet
of the school. 8. Duncan Bradley, presi-
dent of the class of SO, presided as tenn
porary chairman. George Harrison. pres
ident of the class of o. acted as tenn
pOrary secretary.
Following the reading of the constitu-
.tion, the officers and board OF directors
were elected as follows: President, g.
Duncan Bradley, '9S; vice president, Miss
Alberta Walker, '97; secretary. George l..
Harrison, president class 'O6; treasurer,
Bryan Morse, 'O5; board of governors,
Jesse Morrell GoodpaStnre, 90, chairman;
Miss Mary Radford, 'O9; Spencer Gordon,
'O6; d. Baer, 'O8. and Miss Ruth Riser, 'O3.
Miss Edith Wescott, principal Of West
ern, delivered an address in which she
announced that since the first GRADUATE
ing class In 1893, 655 students had been
graduated from the school. s. Duncan
Bradley. 49,. George J. Harrison, 'O6;
'86: Miss Ruth Rizer, 'O8: Miss Adele
Taylor, 'O2; Miss Helen Nicholson, 'O8
made brief addresses.
Musical numbers were given by Miss
Ethel Holtzclaw Gawler, Miss Alberta
Walker, Miss Dorothy Wagner. Miss Enid
Holden, Miss Mary Pugh. Miss Madeline
Davis and Miss Esther Lnkins.
Following the entertainment there was
dancing in the gymnasium.
The officers Of the class who had charge
of the entertainment are: President. VIII
liam Leetch; vice president, Miss Isabel
Murphy; secretary, Roger Bone; treas
urer, Miss Elizabeth Ar7nes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-23
AsHEv1LLE, N. c.

The winter season here gives Indication
of being one Of the most prosperous In
the history of the resort. The vanguard
OF the Florida bound tourists is beginning
to arrive and will remain until after the
holidays for the shooting.
Deer have been plentiful this season,
and several parties have gone out for a
ten DAYS hunt, returning with deer. wild
cat and occasionally q. bear. The bird
shooting is good also; and the several gun
clubs have all been entertaining parties
from the north and east.
The Country Club has formally opened
its handsome new clubhouse, and the golf
tournaments for trophies offered by the
directors are being played over the course
mas week will be the big Country Club
ball.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Vanderbilt have
arranged to go to their Davidson River
the annual Christmas tree will be given
as usual for the tenantry OF the Biltmore
estate.
The hotels have all arranged elaborate
programs for Christmas week. and the
Battery Park Hotel will give the usual
handsome ball. which viii be on larger
scale than usual An old English hunt
bali will be the climax OF the Christmas
festivities and win take place at that
hotel.
The Good Roads Association has put
the thoroughfares OF the immediate VI
cinity and the mountain roads In splendid
condition. and motoring IL becoming more
popular than ever on the mountains. The
Motor Club members are making seventy
Ave and hundred-mile Journeys. with oc-
casional jaunts Of several days through
the mountains.
Nearly all the cottages are leased for
the season, and all OF the handsome Van
derbilt cottages In Victoria have hssn
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-23
COMMISSIONERS IN FAVOR
OF UNIVERSAL TRANSFERS
1ndorse Bill introduced Last Session
and Which Has Gone TO Both
District Committees.

The District Commissioners have asoiu
undertaken a fight for universal trans
fers. The bill introduced last session
has gone to both District committees
with the earnest Endorsement OF the
board.
The purpose OF the bill Is to require
the interchange OF free transfers be-
tween the lines OF the Capital Traction
Company and the Washington Railway
and Electric Company at their several
interesting points
In sending the bill to Congress this
week the Commissioners explained:
THE Commissioners have. In the past
given their approval to this proposition
and have met all objections OF the rail-
way companies as to matters OF finance
and administrative diniculty with tie
statement of their belief that the imam
cial burden which would be imposed by
the passage OF such q bill would not be
q heavy one and the administrative difzi-
Guilty would be easily eur1uountahae.
The proposition Of the interchange OF
transfers between the competing railway
lines is one involving distinct and very
great convenience to the railway travel
Ing public. The incidental financial losS
slight, and should be required Of them
in view Of the fact that the franchises
Of these companies are valuable. pncti-
cally perpetual and certainly not more
than moderately taxed.
The Commissioners recommend 6avur.
able action on this blu with the addition
Of a penalty clause"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-23
TO MAN THE WAKSHIPS.
In Time Of War $3.50 Officers and
72,261 Men Are Needed. :

To man the American warships IN time
Of war would require $3.50 officers and
72.2S1 men and In time of peace S,ss.
officers and 00.002 men. according tie
Capt. N. r. Usher. assistant to. the bu-
reau Of navigation. In q statement juss
made public. These figures do not In.
clude officers and men at shore stations.
-Four new battleships are to be com
migsioned. as well as fifteen new large
torpedo boat destroyers and seven sub
marines. It ID anticipated that the Ohio.
Wisconsin and Missouri will 90 tempoya.
rily out OF commission and that the Dep-
yer and three others of her class will -be
replaced by the New Orleans, Cincinnati
and Raleigh. which are practically Ct o.
same class.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-23
GUM DROPS IN PLATE.
Church League Complains of Candy
Shon Omen SUNDAY.

WOODBURY., N. j.. December 2S-On
complaint OF the Mems League Of the
Presbyterian Church, G. w. Scheminant.
jr., a Broad street confectioner. whose
place Of business adjoins the church, was
before Mayor Ladd charged with selling
candy on Sunday.
Last Sunday two gum drops were
found In one Of the collection plates. It
was stated that these came from Schema
nant's store. and later. one Of the officers
made q purchase there, hence the COM
plant,
: Scheminant was given to understand
that he must close his store on Sunday
hereafter. He says that if he is closed
up all the cigar stores and other places
doing business on Sunday must close
also.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-23
States This hair is handled by commis-

States. This hair is handled by cOmmis-
sion merchants who send agents through
out the interior of China to purchase it
from the peasant women. The profit is
very large. The dealers pay compare
lively small price, and sell at very high
rates. Before it is shipped it is sorted
and classified according to color. length
and quality, and 1s thoroughly disin-
fected.
Formerly the wigmakers and hair
dealers depended upon the peasant girls
of Europe for their supply, and in
France. Bohemia, Hungary. Poland and
other countries 1t has been customary for
buyers to attend certain annual fairs at
which they were expected, and the crop
Of tresses was waiting for them. In some
of the countries considerable part of
the supply comes from the prisons. A
woman who Is convicted of q peniten-
tiary offense suffers the penalty OF hav-
ing her head shaved and the jailer has
the hair as a perQuisite.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-23
BACK FROM TIBURON.
Treasure Hunters Mute Is to Results
Of Their Search.

NOGALES. Ariz., December 23.-Sev-
eral members OF party of fifteen Amer
leans who passed through two months
ago to explore Tiburon Island. In the
Gulf OF Lower California, for hidden
treasure and mineral deposits, ARRIVED
yesterday on their way homo.
For weeks it had been feared that
they had been lost or killed by thu
cannibal Seri Indians. The American 8
reported that they had met with no Ar.
cidents. but were mute as to the resulr
of their search. Their comrades VIII
return in a day or so.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-23

ASHEVILLE, N. c.. December 2S.-Be-
sidewalk by a drunken negro, Lloyd Nor
ris white, aged twenty. had his throat
cut by the former last night and ne Is
now in the hospital In a critical conii-
ton The boys assailant ran and was
lost In the darkness.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-23
Beausst for Popular Concerts.

CINCINNATI. Ohio. December "a
William n. Ampt, an attorney known
AZ "Citiaen'' Ampt. who died last. week,
bequeathsd his entire estate OF $150.0OO
to the city OF Cincinnati for concerts
for the people. His will was filed SOS
probate yesterday. The estate is to be
held by his widow during her lifetime.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-23
Postal Savings Banks.

In reply to an inquiry I would say
that practically every European coun-
try and several American countries
have postal savings banks. and the
latest statistics given by the States
mems Year Book show that the num-
her OF depositors and the amounts on
deposit in each country, so far as re-
turns can be obtained, are as follows:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-23

It matters little what It is that you
want-whether situation or q servant-a
want ad In The Star will reach the per-
son who will I'LL your need.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-23

Of longitude, and will fold to about the
size OF a page OF an ordinary atlas
tnns is. eighteen by twenty inches ap-
the equator and go north and south and
east and west from the meridian OF
Greenwich.
All of the sheets of the United States
pasted together, not including Alaska,
will make a map Of about eighteen feet
east and west, and about twelve feet
north and south 1t is probable that
sooner or later the maps will be declared
free OF copyright, SO that any publisher
who has the courage to take the risk
and the trouble will be at liberty to re-
produce them in atlas form
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-23
LOOK FOR
THE
ELK HEAD

taken by prominent eastern people Gsr shs
season.
In anticipation OF the heavy Cuisines
all the hotels have been taking adlvnneS2o
OF the lull between tho summer and winter
seasons to make extensive iniproveueuks.
Remodeling and refurnishing have done
on an extensive scale. and the visitors 60
Ashevifle this winter will he cared eor
better than ever before
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-23
Source Of Human Hair Supply.

China 10 becoming the principal source
OF supply Of human hair, which. as every
woman knows. II In the greater demand
than ever to reinforce nature. Last year
more than 100000 pounds were shipped
from HonSkong alone to the United
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-23
Existing Maps Not Uniform.

The advantage Of having a map of the
entire world upon a uniform scale and
a uniform base for geology, as we'll as
topography, will be appreciated. There
is no uniformity whatever in existing
maps. Very few Of those representing
the different countries are drawn upon
the same scale.
For several years the astronomers OF
the world have been working together
to make a uniform map of the heavens.
They have divided them into sections.
which have been assigned to different
Observatories and astronomical societies.
The headquarters are In Paris, where the
Photographic prints are sent to be fitted
together and reproduced. 1t Is the work
OF years and Is engaging all the best
astronomical talent in the world. A
uniform map Of the earth is OF even
greater practical Importance, as every
body will appreciate.
No Longer Strikebreakers.
any more of Pinkerton guards to keep
the peace where there are labor troubles.
and to protect the strikebreakers.
At the first opportunity submitted this
question to William A. Pinkerton, the
head Of the service. which bears his own
and his fathers name, and he explained
ItdL tucy ndu UOI JuTulSUSO BudIUS IOI
strikebrealsing for fifteen years or more.
Previous to that we. used to do con-
siderable business wherever there were
labor troubles by furnishing men to be
utilized as sherihs. constables and other
officers Of the law. The labor organiza-
lions throughout the country, however,
have secured legislation In almost every
state prohibiting the employment OF dep
uty sheriffs or special guards who are not
residents OF the city or the county in
which they are employed. These and
other laws which have been passed in
the interest Of the labor organizations
have made 1t prohibitory for us to do that
kind Of work, without running contrary
to the law, and therefore we simply
abandoned 1t. We haven't furnished
guards for any purpose in the past fifteen
years. and we do not intend to resume
that kind OF business. AS long as the
laws sustained US and made it. legal we
were perfectly willing to furnish men to
protect strikebreakers and non-union la
borers when they were in danger: but
when the law stepped In and put its
own safeguards on work Of this kind In
the interest Of the labor organisations we
Quit !"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-23
Special Symbols for Roads.

There will be special symbols for main
and secondary roads; for railways. built.
projected and In construction: telegraphs,
post offices, boundaries international and
provincia) and towns Of varying import
ance.
The spelling Of place names in inde-
pendent countries will be that in use by
the country. while In the case Of q colony.
protectorate or possession, it Will be that
Of the governing country. In cases where
oficial names differ materially from local
names, both will be given.
separate sheet will be published con-
tanning a complete list of all the symbols
used, the various types Of lettering, rules
for transliterating the same sound In
different languages, the scale Of hypso-
metrical coloring. and SO on, while the
most important symbols will be shown on
the margin Of each sheet.
Each sheet will bear an international
number and also the name OF the most
important place or feature on the sheet,
so that, in whatever country or language
1t may be issued. it can at once be ordered
by it's number and name. The numbering
starts from $50 degrees east or west Of
Greenwich, and the sheets are numbered
from one to sixty, increasing in an easter
" direction The zones extending from
the equator on each side to So degrees
north or south latitude will be given let
tiers from A to v. The polar areas will
be lettered z, preceded by the word north
or south. Thus each sheet can be identt.
fed nv It's number and letter.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-23
Each to Do It's Share.

Each government is expected to do it's
share of the work. and the more inapor-
tant nations will divide up among them
selves the rest Of the labor. The geo.
logical survey at Washington represents
the United States, ana has already done
nearly one-haif Of this country. Great
Britain, France. Germany. Austria and
Russia have also been at work for two
years or moro. Canada 10 doing it's
share. Mexico has promised and un-
doubtedly viii act promptly now that the
details are decided: but none OF the Cen
trail or South American countries has
taken any action. 30 Tar a. known. The
United States government will be ex-
pected to do the Philippines, Hawaii and
the other islands OF the south Pacific in
addition to It's own territory. Russia,
France and England have already done q
good deal In Asia and will be expected to
complete that continent. Africa will be
divided among the European nations &C.
cording to their colonies and protec-
t6ries. Australia and New Zealand will
furnish their own maps. The work In
the European countries 10 already pretty
we'll advanced. particularly In France,
where the general stan of the army and
in Austria, where the Military Institute
OF Vienna, have already been actively in
terested.
Il Is probable that the United States
will be asked to submit this project for
action at the international American con-
ference which sits at Buenos Aires next
summer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-23
Division Of Expenses.

The expense Of the map will be paid by
the respective governments. by seosraph-
ical societies and other od1cial and un-
official organisations, and each govern
ment will adopt its own plan Of distrib-
uting the results Of its work to the pub
lie. It II not necessary for any person
to have the entire map. unless desired.
The sheets for each country viii be en-
tirely independent. and the projection
adopted will permit every sheet to At ex-
actly together with each Of the four
sheets adjoining It's four sides. These
conditions are made possible by adopting
what ID known as modified polyconic
PROFESSIONALISM is. by making 1t Q plane
instead OF spherical surface.
Each sheet. therefore. will be indie
pendent as far. as it goes. will comprise
four degrees Of latitude BY six degrees
The Washington herald., 1909-01-03
CORBETT'S Def IS 4 JOKE
Looks Like a Bluff OF Advertising
Dodge.
Jack Johnson Could Easily " hip
Former heavyweight Chap,
Is Opinion.

New York. Jan. Sporting men we're
inclined to-day 90 riGieuIe the report taat
James J. Corbett. rather than have the
heavyweight championship retained by a
negro. would come out OF retirement and
make a match with Jack Johnson.
Those who discussed the matter along
Broadway to-day said that il was either
bluff or an A1vertising dodge C0r5ett
has not taken part In a fight since JET
fries knocked him our in ten rounds in
Frisco on August t. 1893. He says. how
ever. thar he has been taking light ezer-
else ever since and can get Into hrst-ciass
condition with about a months hard
training
C0rl,etJ has always been q sticGie- for
physical condition and has taken excel
lent care Of his health. but when il comes
% fighting Johnson, nobody believes that
be would have q chance o. beat him
Corhe-ts greatest showing in the ring
was I'm his first battle with Jefriss II
Conev Island. IN 1870 Jeffries chased him
Tor twenry-three rounds, Corbett out
pointing him in superb style. but the
moment Corbett decided 70 stand ID and
meet Jens rgSHes ne was quickly
knocked out