davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16
4 FEDERAL CHILDREN's BUREAU


The Presidents recommendation to Congress
in his message of yesterday is twofold; first he
calls its attention to the conclusions of the re
cent conference on the care of dependent children
which met in Washington. and asks that the
laws and practices in regard 10 dependent chill
dren in all federal territory be put in harmony
with those conclusions; and, second. he urges the
establishment by Congress of a chlldrens pu-
rpau Directly, the national government can Go
little toward carrying out the recommendations
of the washington conference, for the care OF
dependent children is a duty of the states, ana
in the nature of things the number of such
children in federal territory is small. But IN
the District of Columbia the nation can set an
exampIe TO The country Of the enlightened treat
ment Of children who come under public care
Half the difficulty of getting things done right
by any state is removed when philanthroplc per-
sons interested can point elsewhere 10 an eAdin
pie both of methods and of means
Now. a federal children's bureau can carry
ont in a practicaI way the hopeful modern CON
ception of preventive philanthropy, the idea
which inspired the Sage Foundation Social
workers no longer hope TO relieve poverty and
distress already in existence, but they hope as
the result of study to remove their causes and so
IN redure them in the future. Such bureau as
the President recommends could 60 TO the roots
of many vitally important social questions for
their roots are in childhood and In the conditions
under which children are reared. Chldreh,
moreover. are about the only crop in this coun-
try which the nation has not some bureau study
ING. but II is surety more important that they
should grow up into efficient citizens than that
the kernels TO q head of wheat should be III
creased by ten. And those who pooh-pooh the
idea that a children's bureau can accomplish
any practical good probably used few years
ago TO pooh-pooh agricultural experiment sta
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16
rHE DIPLOMATIC CORPS.
rFrom rhe Trihnne Rureau.1

From The Tribune Bureau
Vyashinpton Feb 1.-THE Belgian Minister and
Baroness Moncheur invited to dine with them TO
night Mr.. and Mrs. George Howard. countess
Iuise-Alexandra Won Bernstorff. Miss de Lager
crantz. Miss Yvonne Townsend MISS Cui'l % %
New York; Baroness Marguerite Moncheur' COUNT
Alexander Torok. Prince Vincent zu NindIsCh-
Craetz Franklin Ellis and Francis Janssens
Herman de IAgercrantz Swedish Minister anu
Count Motke, Danish Minister, who have gone u
New York to attend a dinner given tonight by the
Scandinavian Society will return here tomorrow
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16
ROBERT A. TAFT INITIATED.

initiated into the Yale Chapter OF Phi Beta Kappa
at the 10th annual dinner tonight was Robert A
Taft son of the President-elect. Professor Charlie
ton NJ Lewis. of Yale, POSTMASTER, and ad-
dresses were made by Simeon E. Baldwin, Chief
Justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court and
Professor c. H. Judd and Tracy Peck, of Yale and
T. r Abbott, OF Princeton
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16
OPERATION ON BISHOP ROSS.

Baltimore Feb 15-Bishop E. f. Hoss. OF the
Methodist Episcopal Church South. underwent a
surgical operation this morning at Johns Hopkins
Hospital for intestinal trouble. He was upon the
table for nearly two hours which an hour
longer than expected the surgeons finding his con-
dition much worse than had been thought This
evening the physicians gave hopeful report his
condition
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16

waged against the great white plague to-uay
than was conducted twenty or thirty years
apo In influenza. which was practically IN
known to earlier generations, has been tound
an agency which predisposes those whom IL
afiicts to a variety of other disorders, among
which Is the most fatal of acute diseases OF the
respiratory organs. There is greater occasion
now than ever for studying how to conquer
pne1InOnia
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16

The Texas Legislature, having left no possible
excuse for profanity in that happy common
wealth. would be quite within its rights II II
made swearing anywhere, not merely through
telephone. a criminal offence. Anybody VINO
would swear in Texas after all the Legislature
has done exhibits an objectionable incapacity
to appreciate the blessings of a near-Providence
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16
CARNEGIE GIVES 100000 FOR LIBRARIES

Cincinnati, Feb 15-Lihrarian Hodges, OF the
Cincinnati Public Library, received word from An
drew Carnegie to-day that he had decided TO give
the library 100000 with which to build three
branch libraries. Some years ago the Cincinnati
library received $4,000 from Mr.. Carnegie for
branch libraries
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16

Thss neacspaper is o4cned dnd published on
g-he Tribune Association. q NoiC York corpora
sfon. ONCE ard principal place OF osS'ReSS'
Tribune Bsilaing. No. f54 Nassau STREET Ae0
YOrk; ogdcn Mills. president; James ". Du'.
~e,, .errefary and treasurer. The address Of
the osfoers fs the Office Of This ReirspopeT.
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16

Honduras having ratified extradition treaty
with the United States. Honduran territory IS
to be closed to the fugitives from American
justice who have heretofore made 1t a haven IN
time of need. If extradition extends much
further. absconders will have TO give up the
pleasures OF civilized life for the loneliness OF
the untamed jungle.
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16

The retirement Of Lord Charles Beresford Will
be much regretted in the British navy and by
the British nation, and there may be lot OF
wrangling over the causes Of II in parliament
and the press Condor Charlie" himself, how
ever. epigramrnatically expresses the spirit
which has dominated his whole career in max
ing no other comment upon it than, 1T is my
business TO obey my order"
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16
WISCONSIN NO CRITERION.
From rhe syracuse Herald.

There is scarcely diatrbe aimed at the pro-
posed reform that does not include a reference to
Senator Stephenson's lavish use of money the
Wisconsin primaries That Incident no more dis
credits the principle of popular primaries than does
the Improper use Of money at the polls dscredit
tho principle Of popular elections in which all OF ts
believe. But these obiectoTs forget-or deliberately
ignore the fact-that Governor Hughes's recon-
noepdations In connection with the subject included
one ca ling for a limitation of the OF money
candidates for nominations at the primaries ma
legally expend
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16

II Liberia can be rescued from danger and re-
lieved from serious embarrassments by any such
simple expedient as the sending thither OF q
United States commission the giving of such
assistance as has resulted so happily in Santo
Domingo. there ought TO be little hesitation In
doing IT,
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16

And now It is proposed 10 cart the Liberty
Bell frcm Philadelphia to Seattle to serve as
raree show at the Aiaska-Yukon exposition.
Why not mount the thing permanently on
wheels and keep It moving from Dan TO Beer
sheba? We should think that even the present
Mayor Of Philadelphia would have sense OF
the fitness of things which would restrain him
from giving his approval to any more such hip
podroming Of priceless relic.
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16
KANsAs's EXPERIENCE.
From The Buffalo Commercial.

AS for the Kansas verdict on the comparative
merits of the two systems ldirect and convention
the lower branch Of the Legislature OF that state.
the masses both parties to break the grip of the
two machines. with corporation allia noes on the
state and local government. Speaker DoIley de-
clares that kansas would no more return to the
convention system OF ten years ngo than 1t would
70 system of the Jayhayykers and
Redleas OF nifty years ago
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16

A deep water channel from Chicago to Buffalo
is now talked Of It seems to be a far more
promising project than that of such channel
from Chica go 10 the Gulf.
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16
NEW YORK SOCIETY.

Lady Constance Stewart Richardson's pas seul
was the feature Of a matinee artistique given yes
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16
DIRECT NOMINATIONS.

EVERY VOTER HIS OWN DELEGATE"
From The Oswego Times.
The direct primary makes every voter his own
delegate to say whom he wants nominated for this
Office that once he has tasted of this liberty OF
action no power earth win be able to choke or
fool him into giving IL up
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16

The women OF Sweden have won the Suffrage
so quietly that the coming change attracted no
attention 1t was a bloodless revolution Ihe
stern sisterhood of suffragettes will have no pa
thence with so tame an affair.
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16
HOW HUGHES HAS WON.

Both sides indicate purpose to appeal to the
people sustain them. Governor Hughes has
won al his battles on such appeals, 1t is some
thing FOR the organization leaders to follow
that plan. In Itself this departure is cause for
qualification. All public questions should be deter
mined N the light OF public discussion
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16
1IR. TAFTS QUIET TRIP.
No Speeches on Hay to Washington
Goes OUer dugural address.

Cincinnati Feb 15.-President-eIect and Mrs. TAN
left here for Washington little after noon to-day
While his trip is primarily to receive and transmit
TO President Roosevelt the report Of the board Of
civil engineers which accompanied him to Panama,
he will take advantage OF the visit TO consult re-
garding his Inaugural address, his Cabinet and
other matters.
Before leaving Cincinnati to-day Mr.. Taft was
visited by a COMMITTEES from Kilwinnng Lodge OF
Mssons, Of which he is to be made member at
sight on Thursday night He was also invited 10
attend the opening. IN June. Of the AIaska-Tukoa
exposition Seattle by Secretary Josiah Collins.
who came here for that purpose Mr.. Taft will
turn Thursday, to remain three days.
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16
WEDDINGS PAST AND TO COME

Miss Isabelle Victoria Hoyt. daughter Of Mr.. and
Mrs Hazen l. Hoyt married yesterday AFTER
noon to Charles Anthony Fowler, jr. The csre
nony was performed by Bishop GailOr. Of Tennes-
see a cousin Of the bride. at the home of the
latter's parents. No West S2d street. The bride.
who was given away by her father. was in gown
OF white satin trimmed with point lace. with which
she wore a tule VEIL fastened with a pearl pin end
orange blossoms. She carried white orchids Her
bridesmaids were Miss c. NJ Graham. OF Austin,
Tex and Miss Helen d. Smyth They were dressed
In bIue satin with directoire coats or white mar
ouisette Their bouquets were of American Beauty
Toass and pussy willows Northrup Fowler was MS
brotber's best man. and the ushers were Hazen L
F4ovt tr Clarence N Chauncey. J. Gilbert WI
son ir Quentin F. Feitner, Charles A Murphy,
Reginald NJ johnson. George c. Parsons and Henri
De Soto Beales.
Miss Edith Toms Bell will be married ct noon
ton,orrov TO william H P. Phyfe. at the home OF
her father. Jared W Bell No PAS Lexington ave-
nue..
Francis stuyvesant Peabody. president OF the
City Fuel Company. OF Chicago got hcense -
the city Hall yesterday to marry Mrs. Mary Ger
trude Bryant. daughter of Jerome Sullivan OF .l9
Hotel Aberdeen. Fifth avenue and S2d street Tne
marriage is to take place soon. after which, !" =
understood they viii sail for Europe
Mrs Bryant is the widow OF James J. Bryant
and has visited frequently in Chicago. where sne
met Mr.. Peabody. who is a widower Mr.. Peaooay
lives in Lincoln Park Chicago. He has two emu
dren-Miss May. who Is attending schooi II -
East, and son, Stuyssvant
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16

Parkersburg. ". Va, Feb i5.-President-elsc:
and Mrs. Taft went through this city tonight on
their way to Washington. where they viii arrive
early tomorrow morning The Presideut-eect
cupied his time in the afternoon IN going over his
inaugural address. the first copy OF which he has
prepared This address viii make about five thou
sand words and require something Ike half an hour
TO deliver.
Despite the rain. many people came 10 the various
stations along the route to get glimpse OF Mr..
Taft. and he appeared at the window OF his state
at the door. He made speeches
General c H. GrOsvenor. OF Athens. Ohio, boarded
the train at that point and had conference with
Mr.. Taft during the run 10 Parkersburg- In Wash
ington Mr.. and Mrs. Taft will be the guest OF Msa
BOardman, at 18th and streets.
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16
Inder TO Advertisements.
lcsp7lork DAILY Gribn1fs

TUESDAY. FEBRUARY 1e, 1903.
New-York tribune., 1909-02-16

Mrs. George s. Eastwick gave small luncheon
followed by bridge. at the St Regis yesterday
Among her guests were Mrs. F. Burial Holman,
Mrs John Clinton Gray. Mrs. J. J. Wysong. Mrs
Gouverneur Kortright, Mrs. Charles F. Holman
Mrs. Alfred Kessler Mrs. William Pollock, NrA
spotswood D. schenck and Miss Alice Preston.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-06-09
HONOKAA
DIVIDEND
FIRST INCOME FROM PLANTATION
STOCK EXPECTED NEXT MONTH
STOCK MARKET LIVELY.

1t is generally reported on the street
that Honokaa plantation will start the
payment of a dividend of one half of
one per cent in July. No meeting of
the directors of the company has been
held to considered the matter as yet,
but it is understood that a meeting
will take place in the near future.
Mr.. f. A. Schaerer, of the planta-
lions agents, stated that he had no
thing to say on the subject till after
meeting had been held. The crop
for the present season has run well
over the estimate made by the manag-
er and in general the affairs of the
company have prospered greatly. This
will be the first dividend paid by Ho-
nokaa.
In the stock market today there
was a great deal of business. Prices
have come back to their old place OF
a month ago, that is before the strike
and from the present indications are
liable to go still higher in some cases.
Oahu is selling for S32.75 and it is
understood that if big block is Of
fered higher figure might be OBJ.
tanned. Eva is sold today at S29 with
little offering.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-06-09

reservations of an ambiguous nature
and until these reservations are sat
isfactorily explained to the Depart
ment the award of the contract will not
be made. Mr.. Leech accompanied his
bid with a certificate check for $4,000
as a guaranty that he would execute
the bond and fulfill the contract, but
he accompanied his bid with a re-
servation as to the bond indicating
that he might ask that the condition
requiring that a bond be given be
waived. The Department, of course
would not waive sach an important
condition, and if the bidder is not
prepared to furnish the required bond
the award probably will go to the
San Francisco Bridge Company, the
next lowest bidder whose bid was
81 10000
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-06-09
MAY need
new BOAT

The matter OF preserving the birds
on Laysan, Bird and the other OUTSIDE
islands of the group which are used
as breeding places will be taken up
actively by Captain Rees of the Naval
Station The authority to handle this
matter in a more active manner than
heretofore has been given him by the
proclamation of the President setting
aside the islands as reservation upon
which the killing of birds is absolutely
prohibited by law.
In speaking of the matter this morn
ing Captain Rees said.
/ am not prepared to say just what
will be done in the matter at present
| have always looked after it to Ger
tain extent, but the proclamation VIII
give a large scope to the duties in that
that regard. No, cannot say that
the Iroquois will be used for patro'
duty in the work, but it is possible
that she may make trips for that puE-
pose. | might decide to ask Tor an
/ other vessel. The Iroquois, oil course
has made a number of trips to MID
way. but she is small for the work ana
perhaps hardly suitable in some ways
THE presidents proclamation Tor
bids the killing of birds on the island'
mentioned at any time of the year
The islands are the property OF the
Tinted States and it will be just az
much of crime to kill birds there a.
to kill the elk in Yellowstone park
Ia plan will be devised whereby th'
birds can be fully protected, but as
saw this has not yet been worked out
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-06-09
HaCkfeId
Buys Land

A big real estate transaction was
recorded today by which the Union
Feed Company has transferred to
Hacldeld & Company 22,275 square
feet of property on the northwest side
of Edinburgh street between Queen
and Halekauwila street. The consid
Grafton named is $3S,977.75. The pro-
erty was released from a mortgage for
the exact amount of the price speci-
being the party by whom the loan
had been made.
axSBSHSESESMSMSHSMSHSASASH
Der of Japanese strikers were using a
jury room in the Judiciary building
for a meeting place where they had
been addressed by Maxine end other
strike leaders
Pass book No, 2O9O on Bank of Ha-
wall, Ltd, has been lost.
The case of Frank Kruger VS.. the
estate of David Kawananakoa for
judgment on note for $500 was be-
fore Judge Whitney this morning. As
there was no defence the plaintiff will
be given favorable decision tomor-
row morning.
! You can be clean for little money
/ if you are a patron of Benson, Smith
& Co., Ltd, at the corner of Fort and
! Hotel. Five cents will buy a scrub
brush that will remove dirt from your
hands as quickly as the snow fake
melts in the sun.
Idle money is money wasted. Why
not start savings account today with
Bank of Hawaii, Ltd You can save
a little at time, for 81 open an ac-
count. The Bank of Hawaii makes
saving a pleasure. Cor Fort and Mer!
chant streets.
The United States Civil Servic,
= Commission announces an examination
at Honolulu, on July 10, 1909, to Sc
, cure eligibles from which to make Ger
titication to fill a vacancy in the pc
sition of paymaster's messenger, a
5000 per annum, in the Paymaste
Generals Office at Honolulu, Hawaii
( and vacancies requiring similar quail
| ifications as they may occur in thi
vicinity.
| The best beef and mutton is tina
which has been thoroughly chilled al
ter it is taken from the slaughte
house. The Metropolitan Market con
= tains some of the best and tenderes
!. beef and mutton in the city becaus
e it has been chilled, not frozen. 70
n can get the other kind cheaper som
places but you get tough meat whe
= you buy 1t.
There will be special meeting q
Il the Chamber of Commerce in it
= rooms in the Stangenwald buildin
s tomorrow Thursday afternoon, g
three o'clock, to listen to an addres
a by Professor Thomas A. Jaggar Jr
q Professor of Geology in the Massachu
/ sets Institute of Technology, upo
If the proposition to establish an obsel
v vatory and laboratory at Kllauea, I
study earthquakes and volcanic oh,
IA nomena. The public are invited to a
tend.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-06-09
DAILY STOCK REPORT

Between Boards IS Pioneer $165 90;
30 Oahu Sugar Co., $50 rs; 10 Kekaha
$175. 90; 10 Kekaha $175. OO 80 Haw
c. & 5. Co, $50. so; Is Haw. C. & S. Co.
$50 50; Is Haw. c. & S. Co. $50 So 1O2
Honkaa ST. 25 so Honokaa $17 25; %
Honokaa SIT 25 10 Paia $40, $24O 90.
Session Sales: Waialua 1914 90; 80
Hon. r. r. c.. com, $50 90; 20 Paau-
hau $24 1856: 20 Paauhau $25 90; Z Paa-
hau, $24 S75; so Eva 500 90; 100 Eva
$29 90; 20 Eva $29 90 35 Hin. R. 4.
Co., com, $50 90; Olaa 81 S75; 10
|. S. N. Co., 1852 SO; Olaa "a 375; &c
Olaa 4.375; Olaa 81. 975; % Olaa
81. 375 80 Olaa $4 S75; so Olaa 81 375;
10 Haw. c. & S. Co., $50 So.
Quotations Bid. Asked.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-06-09

The incorporation papers of the
Omaopio plantation have been filed,
the incorporators being H. p. Baldwin,
j, p. Cooke, S. NJ Damon and e. b.
Paxton, the par value Of the stock be-
ing s35 600
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-06-09
A GREAT
HOLIDAY TREAT

The Star tomorrow afternoon will
announce the most thrilling interest
ing picture program ever attempted in
Hawaii, to be put on for the first time
at the big Empire theater on Kameha-
meha Day-Friday. The views are
of Hawaiian historical and other scenes
and will particularly delight the Ha-
walians and kamaaina haoles Look
ont for the full announcement in these
columns tomorrow.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-06-09
Honolulu Iron Works.
STEAM ENGINES, SUGAR MILLO
SoILERs, cooLERS. IRON, BRASS
AND LEAD CASTINGS.

Machinery of Every Description
Made to Order. Particular Attention
Raaa 70 ships Blacksmithins. Job
work Executed on Short Notics.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-06-09
BUFFALO SAILSEARLY

The L. s. cruiser Buffalo Captain
Brown, will sail from this city for
Guam and the Philippines tomorrow
morning at o'clock 1t was rather
expected that she would wait over for
the mail due here on Friday by the
Alameda, but on account of the fact
that she will be closely followed by
the transport which sailed from San
Francisco on June 5, it was decided to
go ahead as stated
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-06-09
ALOHA PARKS
THE GREATEST

Manager Love, of the Aloha Park,
has prepared for his patrons on Kane
hameha Day a great surprise in one OF
the rarest picture attractions ever seen
here. Inc views are local and of
such character as to be of thrilling
interest TO every Hawaiian and ka-
maaina in particular. Manager Love
does not wish to ta1k about this great
program today, but watch out for par
ticulars in The Star tomorrow after
noon.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-06-09
WANTS TO
RIDE IN AUTO

Mayor Fern at the meeting OF the
Board of Supervisors last evening pre-
sented a very polite request for an
for use in getting over the
face of the City and County, inspec-
tin roads and other public works, etc.
Other heads of departments had gas
machines and found them economi-
cal, why should not the Chief EXecu-
tive officer of the City and County oil
Honolulu be the possessor of a ben
zine buggy?
There was no comment made at the
meeting, the request being referred
to the ways and means committee.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-06-09
LORD ON A
BIG AUTO TOUR

WASHINGTON, May 2S.--E. ]. Lord
and wife of Honolulu leave here to-
day for New York, form which city
they will start tomorrow by automo-
bile for Denver, Salt Lake City and
Seattle. They will have several friends
in the party, one of them being Miss
Margaret Clark, daughter Of United
States Senator Clark of Wyoming
Mr.. and Mrs. Lord expect to make the
journey to Seattle in about 20 days.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-06-09
w. G. Irwin & Co., Ltd
SUGAR FACTORS, COMMISSION AGENTS
AGENTS FOR

AGENTS FOR
Oceanic Steamship Co. San Francisco
Cal.
naldwin Locomotive Works, PhilH-
dslphia, Pa.
EakAlsu Plantation Co, Hilo Sugar
Company Honolulu Plantation Co..
Hutchinson Sugar Plantation Co.,
Kflauea Sugar Plantation Co., olo-
walu Company, Paauhau Sugar Pan
tatfon Co. Waimanslo Sugar Co.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-06-09
THE WEATHER.
Local Once, U. S. Weather Bureau
Young Building.

Honolulu, 4. H., June 9, 1909.
Temperatures . a. m; a. m; 1C
a. m; and morning minimum.
"A; n; 81; so; 70
Barometer ,,d,Sns. absolute humid
ity (grains per cubic FOOT; relative
humidity and dew point at s a. No.:
1905; 5.S76; SO; CO.
Wind: VelocreS ana direction at : a
m. s a. M; 10 a. M; and noon:
u e. 10 e; II NE.
Rainfall curing n hours ending 8 a
b.. Trace.
Total wru,, r4uVvnent during "a hours
ended at noon: 238 miles.
wA. p. s'rOCKMAN,
Section Director.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-06-09
SMOKER TONIGHT BY THE Y. NJ.

SMOKER TONIGHT BY THE Y. M. L.
'There1l be a hot time in the old
town tonight" at st. Louis College
Alumni Hall when the members of
the Y. NJ. I. give their smoker The
air may be blue but there will be no
blue" feeling around when things get
busy at o'clock. There is a large
class of candidates for initiation, the
ceremonies for this beginning prompt
ly at 7:3O, the doors being opened for
invited guests at 8. To any friend of
the Y. M, l. who may have been over
looked in the invitations, the Commit
tee extends a cordial invitation to be
present