davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sauk Centre herald., 1909-12-09
Baqs Popular Gifts.

Bags of all kinds are always well
liked presents. They may be made
fat or round and be for either useful
or ornamental purposes. but in any
guise they are most acceptable. Some
Of the bags this season are built on a
foundation of covered cardboard. and
the most beautiful of all are Of POM
padour ribbon gathered round a fat
The Sauk Centre herald., 1909-12-09
THE NEWEST SEWING BASKET.

inside rim is attached with baby rib.
bon an emery, and a small pair of
scissors have their handles decorated
with a rosette Of baby ribbon. and Oh
the underside is white dress hook
which is secured to loop of silk made
in the ribbon. The scissors when
needed are merely unlocked and re;
placed at will.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1909-12-09
Christmas Presents
FOR
GRANDMA
! AND
AUNTIE

CySadiauf lier wi' appreciate sew
ing hasket o3 tra q aw variety. which
will save be ,uble of hunting
about h tb sgiaA> - bag for her
sewing scrims ihis convenient
model is .l..ryled vut wiyh a, straw bas-
ket somewhat 81 tac er e. of a mat
ting tray. which is 70 he Irchasad in
the shops for dtrins WITH atet sils. The
basket has an Cp@c woeG rim ~ straw.
through which ,;0Lca an inch and Il
half is threaded. f'~ the inside 1t in
tervals the ribbon 7nlssed 'nc0ugh
spools Of silk and tn. threaded in 'tnd
out Of the straw beaolrs tUt'' tAc vest
position is reached. Al 'ut siH poots
of silk or cotton are supUs"C AID "
paper of needles is attIt ted i1 the
same fashion. The ribbon breeding
ends at the sides of the i'askat IL
prettily tied bows. The bottoi1 Of the
basket is fitted with a sachet nao Ct
silk. and in the center is a toma lie
pincushion of the same silk. L Fhr
The Sauk Centre herald., 1909-12-09
DAINTY AFFAIR IN sCRIM.

Ger Ssh, while wall of Troy is done
sgoun6 tHe outer edge Of the sachet
to biEe 81 evidences of the stitching.
TO make This little gift one would
-eqIiEe 6ve cent package of dried
Ia e8der, bit Of muslin measuring
6 cS ~ inches piece Of scrim 8 by
IL iNcl.es anu faree shades of lavender
embroitary silk Make a bag of the
muslin measuring . ~ inches. of
course tqbiGg og enough for ,one-quar-
ter inch seams on Il Wish the laven-
der and sc v st up Fo!d he scrim so
it measures Dy { }nchcs and en-
broider the drsigD In ti2s middle Of one
side. The base should De done with
the middle color. tie TWO rCutar flow
ers and the leaves oE the dare ast shade
and the rest Of t1e flowers IL the
lightest shade. Tlie G1ae sev The
scrim on three sides O. he MACHINE.
wrong side out. This ~il rase tie
bag. Now turn 1t rigEt side o.. 10
sew it like French seam on:- a,,'f
inch from the outer edge.
This will leave the third .jZe.
will be at either one end or
still open. and through this 0ut sae
muslin bag Of lavender. The racher
then needs only to be sewed up c. loe
remaining side. the embroidery gone
over the stitches. and the gift will gl
complete.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1909-12-09
A Smart Breakfast Tray.

If you are handy with your embroid-
cry needle make one Of the smart trays
that are the most up to date Christmas
presents the shops are showing The
The Sauk Centre herald., 1909-12-09
A Smart Hathox.

This is a gift easy to make and one
that will be appreciated by the woman
who is short of drawer or cupboard
room. This hatbox is a good, strong.
The Sauk Centre herald., 1909-12-09
The Hatpin Vase.

"Auntie'' will doubtless be charmed
if some of her relations give her hat
The Sauk Centre herald., 1909-12-09

bon. 1t is pretty little hatpin holder
and something quite novel
The Sauk Centre herald., 1909-12-09
$45.OO


25
for coupons and
Arizona republican., 1909-02-03
Safeguard Against Extortion.

It is an admitted fact that the Great Lakes constitute the nations chief safe guard against oppressive railroad rates. They are the regulators of our great com merce and the traffic on the lakes saves 10 the people of the United States s50O,- GOO, 900 annually, or S6 for every man, woman and child of our population. Transportation over the lake waters in modern steamships costs from one fifteenth to one-ouarter of the prevailing railroad rates. It costs only two cents per bushel to ship grain from Duluth to Buf- falo and only eighty cents to carry a ton of ore between these two points. This Is exactly one-seveuth the cost of railroad transportation for the same commodities between the same ports.
 In passenger rates nearly like differ ence is shown. During the season of 1908 the splendid passenger service of the Great Lakes was used by more than 16.000,000 people and the ratio of tn- crease indicates that this total will be doubled fin less than a decade. The railroad fare between Detroit and Buffalo is s7, but by steamer one can travel the geo miles between these
Arizona republican., 1909-02-03

Trent Navigation project. now Is open from Lake Simcoe to tpe head of Hailey's Falls, q distance of I35 miles. Nearly ell the unfinished portion is under con- tract
 In a few years the movement of ore to feed the hungry furnaces of F1ttsburg will be by an all-water route, as q canal from Ashtabula to the great city of iron and steel will do the work Of fifteen railroads at the cost of one.
 Today the Great Lakes hold the key to the commercial supremacy of America. Great capitalists, of course, are vitally interested in the traffic but most of the shipping on the Lakes belongs to the masses. the stock in the owning com panies being held by hundreds of thou sands. As the shares are among the most profitable and the safest investments in the world they have become the property of small investors sucl as farmers, me chanics and clerks and it is an interesting lacr mat one-third of the farmers in the lake counties of Ohio have money invest ed in lake shipping.
 Of all the needs of Great Lakes ships and shippers the greatest Is for an ade- quate and reliable means of communica- ton from ship to ship and from ship to shore. It is to meet this demand thot hundreds of artisans and mechanics now are engaged in the construction of wire less telephone stations along the shores of the Lakes and in installing instru- -::ents on the Lake vessels.
 l!o sooner had the wireless telephone become a commercial practicability, through the perfected inventions of Dr. Lee de Forest, who previously had won distinction in the wireless telegraph field, than it's adaptation became a matter Of greatest concern to the shipping inter ests of the lakes. When the De Forest system vas installed and successfully tested by the United States Navy with the result that Admiral Evans was able to be in constant vocal communication with all the officers and ships of the great Pacific fleet on its cruise from Hampton Roads through the Straits of Magellan and thence to San Francisco, there came insistent demands for an ade- quate wireless telephone system for the
Arizona republican., 1909-02-03

opportunity to have made port or a safe harbOr. As 1t was, they had no warn ing of impending danger.
 Another great peril to lake shipping is that of collision and condltioas in this respect grow worse from day to day. During the whole eight months of the shipping season each year, scarcely day passes without one or more collisions. These conditions, which of course are especially acute in time Of fog, could be almost entirely obviated by wireless tele- phonic communication from ship 10 ship and, as all the dangers which surround the shipping interests on the lakes natu- rally compel the exaction of excessive insurance rates, this in turn reacts upon the freight tariffs so that the over coming of the, perils from storm and col lsion means a material reduction in cost of present lake transportation which, in spite of every existing obstacle, is ex- ceptionally low.
Arizona republican., 1909-02-03

1908 nearly half of the worlds total supply of iron.
 Total Tonnage for 1908.
 During 1908 20ooooooo bushels of grain and II ,OOe,000 barrels of Tour were shipped from Lake ports, the grain ship ments from Port Arthur and Fort Will liam alone being well over s0,OOo,OOO bushels. At least 9O,OO0,OO0 bushels of wheat, G0,00O.OOO bushels of other grain and 7,500,0OO barrels of flour passed through the "Soo" canals and 10000, 900 bushels Of grain, conservatively rep resent the total shipments from Chi cago, Milwaukee and other ports whose eastbound commerce does not pass through these canals. The years Ium- Der shipments aggregated nearly 1,5OO. 0OO.000 feet. or enough to build more than 75.0o0 houses of eight rooms each.
 Taking the 'sSoo" canal as It's center and drawing a circle having a radius of $50 miles, 1t would be found to include four of the worlds greatest ports, Buff falO, Cleveland, Chicago and Duluth. Within the circle or upon its cIrcum- ference are such other ports as Detroit, Toronto. Dunkirk. Erie. Conneaut, Ashta- bula, Lorain, Sandus1y, Toledo, Gary, Milwaukee. Ashland, Superior and Port Arthur. The eight states along the Great Lakes are in reality the heart and power Of the nation. Within their borders dwell 35, 5,000,000 people and upon their shores center the greatest industries of the world. Should the lakes disappear sud- denly the industrial supremacy of the United States would receive a staggering blow from which t might never recover and more than half the population of the nation would be vitally affected. The steel industry would come to an untlrnely end
 With all the great shipyards straining every effort to meet the demands Of the lake commerce, shippers agree that they never VIII be quite able to meet the re- Quirehnents of the traffic. Everywhere from Duluth to Buffalo the shipping is crowded, in many cases dangerously so. The greatest ocean ports never have known such blockades as Duluth has seen on more than one occasion. During one month alone last year there were 1.221 arrivals and clearances at this port, an average of forty a day. Steamers pass through the Detroit River on an average of one every twelve minutes, night ani day. Harbors and canals must be en- !arged to facilitate the growing business and unless there is some means available for the protection Of this vast shipping, the tragedies Of this next decade will be greater than those of all the past. In the wireless telephone it Is believed that protection has been found.
Arizona republican., 1909-02-03
An Enormous Flect.

The freight conveyed over theso waters Curing 1908 was more than seven times az much as the whole world car ried through the Suez Canal in the same time. Four thousand freight steamers, 250 big passenger steamers and about 2J.0OO pleasure and other craft comprise the enormous Great Lakes fleet, which uses upwards of three million tons of coal in single year, or enough to heat every house in Chicago for three years.
 The Pittsburg Steamship Company, which is merely the carrier of the United States Steel Corporation, alone owns ships with a combined capacity of 650. .O00s tons Of ore during a single trip. If the ships Of this company alone were placed end to end they would cover q distance Of eight miles and during the eight months of Great Lakes navigation each year they carry as much freight from Lake Su- rerior to Lake Erie ports as all the ves- sels Of the world take through the Suez Canal in q whole year. In weight of freight annually handled, Buffalo and Duluth are the worlds greatest ports, while the ton mage handled at Ohio ports alone exceeds that of'all the ports Of France. During 1907 approximately 1oOo00.OOO tons of freignt were shipped in Great Lakes bottoms. This would be enough to i'll 2,5O0, 900 forty-ton freight cars, or a train that would girdle the earth and extend from New York to San Francisco in addition. More than 90 per cent of this immense total consisted of 37,513 500 tons of iron ore. 14,- 100000 tons of coal, 11O,59s. .927 bushels of grain. 1,159, 757 tons of flour, 14,sss,- OPT bushels of flaxseed and mor, than 1000, ,0OO, 900 feet of lumber. .s
 Greatest of an lines of lake traffic Is that fin iron ore, and some 800 giant steamers are engaged solely fin its car riaee. This ore commerce has doubled during the last six years and the steel men believe it will be doubled again dur ing the next ten, for three little patches pf the Great Lakes country produced in
Arizona republican., 1909-02-03
zr1IRELEss telephony. thai latest,

TVTIRELESS telephony thai latest NkI and in many ways greatest, won
 w der Of this electrical age, Is on the eve Of working a complete revola- uon in the methods of handling the enor- uroa5 shipping Of the Great Lakes.
 Already, at scores of points along the lakes, the towering poles of the wireless telephone system, each with its anteaaae Of wires, are being put ta place 50 that by next Spring the system which already has made itself invaluable to the great Pacific feet of our navy, a5 well as 10 the navios of Great Britain and Italy, will be in use from end to end of tho chain Of Americas inland seas. By use Of this system marine insurance rates will be reduced to Q minimum, owing to the fact that all storm warnings may be transmitted tnmediately-r 10 lake vessels so that they will have ample time to make safe harbors and. used in conjunc- tion with the enormous existing land sys- tenn Of wire telephones, will make 1t pos si5Ie for persons either on the shores of the lakes or hundreds Of miles away, to talk with officers Of or passengers on any Of the vessels engaged in the lake trade.
 Without the enormous expense of wire maintenance that Is necessary fo- the wire phone systems. and also with out the expense of an expert operator as Is necessary with wireless telegraph systems, the use of the wireless telephone will be within financial reach of the most modest sailing craft plying from port to port.
 Few persons, even those directly con- nected with commerce on the Great Lakes, realize the enormous interests rep resented in that trade; therefore few re- allze the vast boon conferred by the latest electrical marvel. Eighty per cent. of all the water tonnage of North America Is carried on the Great Lakes. Thirty thousand craft of all classes today are engaged ia the lake trade. and the lake eh.pyards are from one to three years behind on their crders from lake ship-owners. Although one-half of all the vessels built in the Western Hemi- sphere in 1908 were for the Great Lakes trade. the need for more bottoms has be- come SO acute that steamship companies engaged in the trade recently have been obliged 10 go to English and Scotch ship yards with orders.
Arizona republican., 1909-02-03

ports for s2.50. vhi1c one day each week fare of S1.2J prevails.
 Tie future of the Great Lake com merce is something so vast that none but the most venturesome would chance q prophecy. With the great Mississippi sys- tem 10 the southwest, soon to be connect cd with Lake Michigan by way Of the ship canal which Chicago is building into the Illinois River, vessels will be enabled shortly to pass from the Great Lakes down the Mississippi to the Gulf. To the northwest lies the great wheat country of central North America, the focal point cf which Is the growing city of Winnipeg, located at the junction of the Assini5oine, now navigated for 300 miles. and the Red River of the North. up which steamers can go to the Minnesota, through the great wheat fields of the United States, thus bringing her sphere of influence south to Grand Forks and Fargo in the Dakotas
 Lake Winnipeg, which is as large as Lake Erie, now is being connected by locks with the Saskatchewan River syS- tenn. navisable for nearly 1000 miles in to the very heart of the worlds greatest grain fields. Soon this great inland water system, centering in Winnipeg, twill have an outlet into Lake Superior by means of canal running through the Winni- peg River, already navigable for 200 miles; Lake-of-the-Wood Rainy River. Rainy Lake, Nemekan Lake, Loon L,\5e. Nequokan Lake and others, requiri\y only a few miles 0f actua1 canal ht1ild- ing to bring down to Thunder Bay the product Of a region which already is becoming the worlds granary, although the Canadian grain trade is but in its infancy.
Arizona republican., 1909-02-03
Storms Do Terrific Damage.

The Great Lakes are known as the most treacherous highway in the world
 Great storms. coming up at few hours notice. do enormous damage to shipping. Scores of vessels suddenly and myster- iously disappear each year, leaving no trace behind them. According to the re- cords more than S15, 1000, 900 worth of freight has been lost on the lakes, involv- ing the wrecking of 14,000 vessels and the total loss of more than 2,OOO ships. During the last thirty years, in which time the records have been practically complete, the wrecked vessels numbered some 5000, nearly 1.GOO of which were total losses. while the loss in cargoes alone has exceeded S12,OOO,0O0 in this same period. A notable case in point oc- cured in 1906 when the steamer "Flagg" went down with a cargo of metal worth S1, 900, none of which ever has been recovered One of the most horrible dis asters in the whole history of the Great Lakes was the wrecking Of the "Griffin" and her destruction near Cleveland, .n- volving the loss of 2S6 lives Thousands of other tragedies mark the history of the treachery of Great Lakes storms.
 During the first week of October. 1908. a round dozen ships. valued approximate ly at s500.000 each. were wrecked during a severe storm. The net losses during this week were not far from s1. OO0, 900. Warn irgs of the storm that caused this damage were posted by the United States Weather Bureau eight hours in advance and, had the lake vessels been equipped with wireless telephone apparatus at the time, every one would have had ample
Arizona republican., 1909-02-03
No Franchises Are Required.

One of the advantages of the wireless telephone is that it does not require a franchise right to operate or right of way from any government, state or num- icipality. It talks through the air and is the only known method of vocal inter- ship communication or of talking from ship to shore. In case of fog or storm the sound of the human voice. projected by this means. Is as clear and distinct as at any other time. and the invention is therefore peculiarly adapted for safety signals and life-saving service. A distinct advantage of the wireless phone over the wire phone is that the buzz Of the wire al- ways is absent. As any ships officer can talk by wireless phone as readily as by wire phone on shore. all expense of an expert operator Is eliminated and the apparatus is placed within the reach of the most modest boat afloat.
 The antennae wires of the apparatus arc strung to the masthead of the ship by
Arizona republican., 1909-02-03
Projects To Relieve Congestion.

The congestion in the Detroit River Is to be relieved by two Canadian projects giving free outlet over British soil to the shipping of the great Northwest. The first of these, the Georgian Bay pro- ject is to take in the French River, Lake Niplssing and the Ottawa River. thus connecting Lake Huron with the St. Lawrence at Montreal. The second, the
Arizona republican., 1909-02-03


 the first to utilize wireless telephony, l: since has been installed on many of the ships os the Italian Navy, while the navy of Great Britain is following the same course with all possible speed.
 What Wireless Telephony Has Done.
 Already, from the station which the top of the Eihel Tower in Paris, tests have been made which carried the hu- man voice clear and distinct to beyond Marseilles, 600 miles away. In this country successful tests have been made for q l distance of 150 miles, but when the new | station is completed in the ffty-second 1 story Of the huge Metropolitan Life campanlle in this city, 1t is confidently expected by the wireless telephone ex- perts that they can project the voice much further than at the Paris tests. Tn fact, the inventor, de Forest. has de- clared that within a short time he will be able to send messages between these two greatest stations so that the voice spoken in New York may be distinctly and im- medlately heard in Paris.
 When one considers that thirty years ago the present wire telephone system was laughed at as being nothing moro than clever toy, and that Prof. Alex ander Graham Bell nearly wore his heart and soul out trying to get the small sum of money needed to construct his small test line for three miles from Boston to Somerville. the suggestion of wireless talking from New York to Paris Is not to be cons.deret as a smile-provolzing proposition.
 In establishing its syStem of wireless telephony it Already has been announced by the Great Lakes Radio Telephone Com pany, of Cleveland, which controls the De Forest system for the territory in question. that it wilswork in conjunction with all tho existing wire telephone systems whether Bell or Independent. By a simple con- trivance the wire phone system can be connected with the wireless system at any Of the Iatter's central stations so Hat person located at a regular long distance telephone in New York, for in- stance. can be connected through a wire less station at Cleveland and hold con versations with Q business associate trav- cling as Q passenger on a steamer out in the middle Of Lake Erie.
 Each central wireless station will have its apparatus attuned to a certain nun Der of vibrations on the principle of 4l tuning fork. The attuning of an in- strument can be changed by d switch, just as the switchboard of o central wire station can be regulated by the insertion Of plugs. Tn this way when a Lake steamer, for instance, desires to talk with Cleveland. it's operator will throw the switch to the number Of vibrations called ! for by Cleveland. When the wire instru- l Hsnt on the steamer is in repose. it will 1 Crop back 70 a certain specific number Of vibrations so that 1t can be reached hv | any central station calling it's E-mber. ! or. by means of an Aerephone autouatic 1 signalling device. can be reached by any | station sending out storm signals in dark | ness CT fog. Tn this way each instru- | ment can be so regulated that 1t can | either take up general calls from any | direction or only specific calls for it's | own number, as might be desired
 No Franchises Are Required.
 n-z At
Arizona republican., 1909-02-03

lakes. Although the American Navy was the first to utilize wireless telephony, I. since has been installed on many of the ships os the Italian Navy. while the navy of Great Britain is following the same course with all possible speed.
Arizona republican., 1909-02-03

1908 nearly half ot the worlds tot supply of iron.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1909-03-24

the patient. eX-
haustive, merci
less task of over
hauling all that
was writ t e II
about the facts
of u a t ure, of
classifying it for
his special puf-
pose. Of accumu-
lating more facts
t % N ev ry
source and then
slowly building:
up a structure
of yerifable the
DRY on the mys-
terry of what we
call crea t i o Il.
Darwin's career
comes near TO
justifying the
worthless sneai.
that genius IS
the art Of taking
pains. His great
ness shows IL
the he rculea n
labor of t h o S e
twenty invalid y
ception and cor