Arizona republican., 1909-02-17

ed that Tuberclebacilli are not only
 the cause of tuberculosis, but they
 are the only cause and without them
 there can be no tuberculosis.
 Experiments and researches made
 in all parts of the world for the last few years, have only served to en- phasize and strengthen this state
 ment This germ is so small that it can only be seen and studied with the aid of a high power. microscope.
 It appears like a slender rod, and is so short that if twenty of the bacilli
 were placed end to end they would span a distance about equal to the thickness of ordinary writing paper. The germ does not grow or; multiply outside of the living body or animal.
 but it may preserve its life. and ca
 pacity for doing harm for a long time. It is destroyed by direct sun l light in from few minutes to sev- eral hours, according to the thick
 ness of it's covering, but in dark dirty and protected places it lives
 and remains active for weeks or
 months It is destroyed by boiling or | by a temperature of 1855 degrees
 Fahr or certain disinfectants, but
 will stand great cold, even freezing
 and again grow and multiply when given favorable conditions,> suscepti- bility or predispositions. These ex- pressions relate to the adaptability of an animal to the growth of the germs of a disease Any condition that
 makes it easier for disease produce ing germs to grow in an animal, in- ha r1raIfcnnsftipn | bility of that animal to disease. Un- der certain conditions animals do not contract disease that they are exposed to because their tissues are not in a state that is favorable to the growth of the germs of such dis ease, just as some soils are not fla
 vorable to the growth of some seeds.
 The most important conditions that increase the susceptibility of animals to tuberculosis are:
 Heredity-It was formerly thought that tuberculosis was frequently in-
 herited directly, but all of the in vestigations that have been devoted to this subject during recent years show that such is not the case and that instances in which animals are born with tuberculosis are of the greatest rarity, but where an animal has tuberculous parents, it is often born with a weak constitution and is usually exposed to the disease from the very beginning of its life, so the chances are in favor of it's acquiring the disease very early in life.
 Close Stabiine-f there is a tuber- culous animal in a herd, the disease spreads most rapidly when this ani- nal is brought into close contact with its associates, because then the germs pass into the healthy animals most readily and in abundance; hence close stabling and bad ventilation have great deal to do with the rapid ex- tension Of the disease in a herd, but in this territory this would cut but little figure as most cows are not stabled at all.
 Feeding-Tuberculos can not be caused by food unless it contains the germs of disease or has been con- taminated by the products of a tu- berculous animal. Improper feeding that leads to weakning of the con- stitution will predispose to this dis ease or to others and favor the pro- gress of the same in animals exposed to it.
 Excessive Milk YieId-This acts as a predisposing cause when a prolific milller does not receive food of the quantity and quality that are neces- sary to restore the material taken from her system in the milk.
 How Conveyed-Tuberculo is conveyed to healthy animals through the organs of respiration The ma terial coming from a diseased COW containing the germ, may dry and pass into the air as dust and be in- haled by healthy animals and this will lead to the development of the disease in their respiratory organs.
 Through the digestive tract, food or water that have been contaminat- ed by the expetorations of tubercu- lOus cattle, may produce the dis ease in the digestive organs of ami mals habitually fed upon it. There are various other ways in which the disease might be conveyed, but I deem them hardly worth mentioning, as the above mentioned ways will be found the most frequent.
 Symptoms-Tuberculo begins in such variety of ways and such a variety of organs that it is not char acterized by a definite set of symp- toms. The evidence of the disease depends entirely upon it's location and extent of development Among the most common symptoms, might mention coughing, abortion, unthrifti- ness, cancellation, frequent bloating, hard Jumps in udder, enlarged glands about the throat, etc, any or all of these symptoms may be entirely ab- sent. In animals in which the dis ease is widespread and extensive, I have seen tubercular cows that from outside appearances were as healthy as cows could be. Therefore the ab- sence of these symptoms is not a proof of freedom from tuberculosis.
 There is no positive diagnosis of this disease beside the clinical diag- nosis. We have the tdberculin test, which is the most reliable way of detecting the disease; the test is made by taking the temperature at intervals during one day, injecting the same evening, and again taking the temperature of cows the following day as before. A rise in temperature of two and one-half degrees is supposed to indicate that the animal is tubercular. But there are a great many conditions which -l.