Weekly journal-miner., 1909-09-15

Owing to the recent discovery in
 the Tip Top mine in Yavspai county,
 the following article is of especial
 interest in this section:
 The world has heard more about
 the rare metal, tungsten, in the past
 year than it ever did before, although
 it has been known to scientists for
 nearly a hundred years. But it was
 not until the General Electric Com
 pany began to make the flamen5s for
 ineandescent lamps out of this rare
 metal resulting in the greatest econ
 omies and benefits to the users
 of electric light since the beginning
 of artificial illumination, that the
 public came to know there was any
 such metal.
 Years ago tungsten was erroneous
 ly taken for tin ore. Its appearance
 is black to brownish black, it's luster
 is metallic and it has a streak verg- ing between black and reddish brown, according to the prevailing proportion of iron or manganese.
 It is known to occur in commercial quantities in Australia, South America and in some European countries. In
 the United States it is mined in Boulder county, Colorado, and some less important deposits are reported in Maine, Oregon, Arizona, California and Nevada. Probably the most i'm portant and extensive deposits how ever, are now opened in Stevens eoun- ty, Washington, where it occurs in great quantities in real Assure veins of persisteney and great extent.
 Tungsten is one of the most valu- able of present known metals. Its general use is of more recent date, but its rare value as an alloy of steel was secretly exploited by Krupp, of Germany; Armstrong, of England, ard few other leaders among the world s steel manufacturers for years before it's valuable qualities become gener- ally known. Today it enters into more manifold uses both as an alloy and principal constituent than any other known metal.
 Tungsten is to the steel industry what copper is to the electrical indus tries. As an alloy of steel it's varying qualities and uses are remarkable and are more or less determined by the proportions used.
 Though the metal tungsten mas high melting point, it is readily taken up by steel and forms the hard, compact alloy. The metal is readily | obtained in pure condition in the electric furnace.
 Tungsten steel containing to 6 l per cent of tungsten is very hard and tenacious, though workable. Ten per cent of tungsten renders the alloy so hard that it cannot be worked with the lathe and must therefore be forg- ed or ground.
 The use of tungsten in the mauutae- ture of armor plate, ordnance and projeetiles is now generally and well understood. The great Krupp works of Essen, Germany, as they were the pioneers, are probably now the lar gest consumers and most advanced users of this unequaled metal which nardens and toughens the product as 80 other known alloy.
 The manufacture of self-ha.dering tungsten tool steel has become an important industry. In the structural Iteel industry these qualities of the alloy are forcing its use in sver increasing measure. In bridge york the same reasons are operative O ultimately compel the extended use If the tungsten alloy. Not only is he greater strength an important tenn, but the non-eorroding qualities if tungsten steel and the resistance o disintegration by electrolysis are I peeially desirable factors for railway 'ridges and structures similarly eI- . 'osed to eorroding and disintegrating influences.
 The time is not far distant, if not lready arrived, when manufacturers f steel rails will use tungsten in heir steel; this addition will not only reelude the possibility of crystahza- ion of the steel-the direct cause C f so many railroad accidents but F i'll materially add to the wear and il fe of the rail. a Mine operators are introducing lt 1ngsten drill steel. Manufacturers n agricultural and contractors sools [ re using tungsten for blows, scrap b rs, picks, shovels and journal bear. u