davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23
MIX and Milking.

Many people believe that milk ia
ready-made and stored In the udder OF
the COW simply awaiting the milker.
This impression is corrected by the
statement OF the well-known scientist,
John Burroughs. who says: Most
persons think that giving down or
holding up the milk by the cow is a
voluntary act. In fact. they fancy
that the udder is vessel filled with
milk. and that the COW releases or
withholds II jus: as she chooses. But
the udder is a mandatory: II. is
filled with blood from which the milk
Is manufactured while you milk. This
process is controlled by the cows
nervous system: when she Is excited
or In any way disturbed. as by a
stranger. or by taking away her calf.
or any other cause. the process Is mr..
rested and the milk will not flow. The
nervous energy goes elsewhere. The
whole process is as involuntary as Is
digestion In man and Is disturbed or
arrested in about the same way.-In.
LLAMA Farmer.
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23

IL was an ingenious husband who.
according to writer in the New York
Sun. sent his wife shopping in a taxi.
cab. A friend who happened 10 see
him say good-by TO her from the curb
remarked on his apparent extrava.
gance.
IT'S economy. really" said the hus.
band. Whenever she's in a store
she'll be worried to death because
that taxicab is eating up money ali
the time. and so she won't stay long
enough to spend half as much as she
would II she went on foot or In q
street car"
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23

The period OF usefulness OF good
sheep varies much with the breed az
well as with individuals OF the same
breed. Some become Improbable at
three or four years Of age. others at
ten or twelve OF even older. Whenever
sheep begins to show signs Of weak.
ness. evidence OF disease or lack OF
thrift and vigor IL should he removed
from the flock. "All Is lost that is
poured into q cracked dish;" all ia
lost that Is put into an unthrifty
sheep-wcrse than lost often, for a
diseased sheep may do great damage
TO the flock. and when one loses thrift
II loses its natural power TO resist dis
ease. Nature has marked such A one
for destruction. and the shepherd
should forestali nature by disposing OF
it-Orange Judd Farmer.
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23
PORE OLD DAD.

Ye kin sca'ce pick up paper
An it's poets corner greet,
'Cept ven see er pirty poem
Bout the mother. sanity, sweeti
But yell have time Assay
Eyes will be cr-achin' bad
Ere ye'll ovcrtake er poem
AT this time for pore old dad!
No. 1t isn't willfu In EN-
Them that write of mother dear,
That that's never notice taken
OF her old man settin' near.
No. it's never meant TO slight him.
But hit looks little sad
All the bouquets made for mother,
Not bloom for pore old dad!
True. uor mother watched above us
Till her gray old eyes would ache.
But old dad he bumped TO feed US
Till his back would nearly break,
Mother crooned abve the cradle.
Gave devotion, all she had;
Still that wasn't any circus
AT this time for pore old dad.
Do not take one line from mother
When you write the soul sweet song
But IL thar's word for father
Now and then II won't be wrong.
Pore old soul! Hes bent and wrinkled
An | know 'twould make him glad
II. while you are praisin' mother
Somethin's said for pore old dadl
Anonymous.
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23

II wish." said an experienced veteri-
nary. that had all the cloth which
has been wasted In manufacturing
cuds to replace those lost" This is
one OF the dregs OF superstition which
still clings in some places. The cud
Is returned to the mouth after enter.
Ing the first stomach. and Its loss Is
generally an indication OF indigestion.
This is most prevalent In winter.
when cows are heavily grained. Should
1t appear in summer when they are on
pasture. but receiving some grain, 1t
Is well to remove the latter ration for
few days. After day or two give
pound OF EPSON salts and ounces
ground ginger root mixed In two
quarts of warm water After she re.
sumes her cud feed for a time on
green grass and good hay. gradually
working back to the grain ration.
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23
The Farm c-.an separ.tor.


Butter making In the home dairy
and creamery has been almost revo
lutionized by the introduction OF the
farm separator. which separates
cream from milk by centrifugal
process. The shallow pan or crock
system and the deep-setting system
have been largely eliminated. and
with their exit considerable part OF
the drudgery OF the household disap-
peared. The farmer Is now no longer
required to make the daily trip to the
creamery: he can retain the skim milk
to feed his calves and pigs and de-
liver the cream. sweet. every other
day, when properly cared for. and
this substitution of cream delivery for
milk delivery by creamery patrons
saves them labor and millions OF dol.
lars yearly In expense.-Report Secre-
tary United States Department OF
Agriculture.
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23

A very common trouble In every
dairy Is to find an animal with the
point OF the teat closed. either due to
a bruise OF teat itself or to infection
OF the milk duct which causes a liz.
tie scab to form. and unless this Is
properly haidled with care and clean.
liness the infection Is apt TO cause
loss Of the entire quarter. Thoroughly
wash the part In an antiseptic solu.
tion: then dip teat plug into a heal.
Ing ointment and insert II. allowing
same to remain from one milking 10
another. In this manner closure can
be overcome in a very simple and sat.
fsfactory way. A milking tube should
not be used II IL can possibly be avoid.
ed. as there is much danger OF infect.
Ing the entire quarter by its use
Denver Field and Farm.
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23
Flowers as Food.

An interesting development of the
use Of flowers for food is recorded In
the daily papers. says the London
Globe. The use OF candied petals Of
the violet as sweetmeat has long
been known, but the practice is now
arising of preserving flowers whole.
You may now buy bunch. say of vic
lets, for your buttonhole. and after.
ward eat them. As matter OF fact,
number Of flowers are habItually
eaten. Cloves. capers. caulifowers and
artichokes are all flowers. or parts OF
flowers. before the blossoms have ex.
panded.
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23
Dynamite for Tree Planting.

Holes for tree planting. according
to the Engineering Record. have been
excavated by the Long Island Rail-
way by blasting with dy smite. A
hole about two feet deep was first dug
with a posthole augur at an angle Of
about S5 degrees with the surface and
loaded with half stick Of 40 per cent
dynamite. This shot makes a hole
about two feet deep and three feet in
diameter. leaving the earth In the
bottom pulverized suitably for plant.
Ing. 1t Is stated that two men can
thus excavate $50 holes per ten.hour
day at a cost Of about 7ia cents per
hole.
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23
The Popnr.

The poppy throughout the East "a
an emblem OF death. In many parts
OF India this flower Is planted upon
graves and in cemeteries. Whether
or not the idea was suggested by the
poisonous character Of the Juice is un.
certain. II is believed that the poppy
was known as funeral plant TO the
ancient Egyptians. for upon the tombs
opened by Belzoni there appeared rep
resentations of plants which were evi.
IDENTIFY intended for poppies.
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23

Is set on 2x6-in. runners and the house
II #. I in. long and #. in. wide.
A tight, smooth floor. with no cracks
or knot holes. Is essential. The frame
VIII allow 16 It. boards and battens to
be sawed in two.
At each end Of the house Is a door 2
II. wide and 2 II. 6 in. high. which
slips up and down between grooves or
cleats, and is held up by a rope passing
through a small pulley at the ridge.
1t Is quite desirable to have doors at
both ends.
A necessary adjunct to a sanitary
pen Is the ventilator in the roof Two
OF the IL In. roof boards are sawed off
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23
Pickle for Curing Meats.

Fourteen pounds salt. four ounces
saltpeter. two ounces saleratus. five
pounds brown sugar, tablespoonful OF
red pepper. twelve gallons OF water.
to be mixed in cold state. The
above quantity Is sufficient for 400
pounds. II the pickle gets moldy. boil
and cool and use again. For picking
beef. four gallons of water. one and a
half pounds Of brown sugar. six
pounds salt. two and half ounces OF
saltpeter to hundred pounds OF beef.
Rural New Yorker.
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23
Congregational seeds.

The National Government is becom.
ing more liberal to the agricultural
interests each year. The appropria.
tion bill has reported. covering all
appropriations made for the Agrlcul.
tural Department. amounts this year
to s13.773.276. which is an increase
of sSS9,450 over that OF last season
The forestry service has secured an
increase OF 100000 for fire protec
tion. Last years forest fires were an
object lesson.
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23
War ON Had seed.

Good work In detecting aduIterated
seeds Is being carried on by the De.
partment OF Agriculture. OF I.47i
samples Of seeds taken last year lO2
samples were found adulterated or
misbranded. The department publishes
the results Of the test. together with
the names OF the firms that sold the
seed. II is claimed that since this
work began the trade in adul,erated
seeds has fallen OF greatly.
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23
Cheap Hiding.

Uncle Zeke (back from the city)-
You talk about cheap ridin'! rode
twenty miles on street k'yar. an all
1t cost me was nickel.
Uncle Jed-Gosh! That amt moth.
In. When was thar last year rode
to the top OF the tallest buildin' I'm
town an II didn't cost me blamed
cent Chicago Tribune
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23

The San Jose scale is the insect
that should be sought out and fought
az all seasons Of the year. II is a
soft.bodied insect protected by a waxy
covering which can be penetrated only
by very corrosive chemicals. Owing
to injury TO foliage. these chemicals
must be used in winter or when the
trees are dormant.
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23
Pure Milk,

Certified milk sells in all large cities
for about twice the price OF other
milk. II is absolutely clean. no i'm.
pur!ties being allowed to get into the
milk. A layer OF fine cheesecloth IS
stretched over the milk pail. a layor
OF absorbent cotton Is placed upon
that. then another piece OF cheesecloth
There Is no sediment In the bottom
Of the milk vessels of milk treated in
this way. II is not expensive either.
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23

1t is mothers duty to keep con-
'tantly on hand some reliable remedy
Tor use in case of sudden accident or
mishap to the children. Hamlins Wiz
ard Oil can be depended upon for just
Iuch emergencies.
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23

few inches from the ridge. Strips 2
In. thick are nailed above the battens.
which will raise the ventiiator 8 In.
above the roof boards and give ample
ventilation while preventing direct
4rafts.-Farm and Home.
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23
Creamery Butter Production.

The 1900 census gave the total
amount OF creamery butter made in
the United States as 42c.i2s. 900 pounds.
II 1904 the figures had increased 10
81. 10000 and Il is estimated that
the 1910 figures win reach fully 7as,
eo9. .eeo pounds.
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23
served 'Em Right.

Uneasy lies the head that wears
the crown" quoted the student.
do you mean 10 tell me-" eIclaim-
ed the seif-made man. that those king
buffers wear their crowns to bed?"-
Kansas City Times.
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23
The Apple Country Of Euro,..

Normandy is the apple country o,
Europe. Germany Is its best customer
The apples which could not be sold
were turned into 100000 gallons Of
cider. which is the favorite beverage
AZ ths Inhabitants Of Northern Franco
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23

When 10,

When lovel, woman buys bonnet
Constructed Of some shredded hay
She piles a lot of fruit upon II
And walks along the Gay White WAY.
New York Evening Mail.
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23
a Pleasant Surprise.

"She married the old fellow for his
money and he hasn't got any"
Wasn't she dreadfully disappoint.
sdr'
Not bit. She's got it"-Balti.
more American.
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23
DUCHESS or NLaLBOaCuon

The Duchess of Marlborough has be.
come deeply interested in philanthrop-
ic and educational work among Lon.
don working girls. being actively con.
nected with the management OF the
National Physical Recreation Society,
OF which King Edward Is also a pa.
tron. The society. established in 1886.
furnishes opportunities for working
girls to obtain instruction In physical
education. providing hundreds OF in.
structors for Its numerous gymnasi.
ums. The Duchess recently presided
at the thirteenth annual drill compe
tition. given by the pupils OF the So
ciety for challenge shields and med.
ais. and she presented the tokens to
the winners.
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23

Does your husband worry over
money msttersr"
NO; it's lack-ofmoney matters that
worry him."-Houston Post
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23

Mothers will find Mrs winsiow's Soothing
syrup the b'st remedy Ia use for their childre1
during the teething period.
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23

"We're thinking of keeping a cow"
said Mrs. Lapsling. "A neighbor OF ours
has big vacant lot where We can pas
teurize her."
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23

Aucns Foot Ease Is n certain cure for hot
sweating, eallus. aud swollen, aching feet, Said
py MI druggists. Price Doe. Don't accent auy
.uostitutc. IFlnl package FREE Addrcs.
Allen 5. OlmsIed Le Row y Y - ',N'Ns.
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23

TUFtHHfe HOW HouEe.
A small house which can be occupied
by brood sow and her litter is the
best for raising strong. healthy hogs.
II is the most cleanly and sanitary.
and with well-arranged yards the pigs
can be cared for with practically no
more labor than in a long house.
A very economical and useful house
Is shown in the accompanying cuts. It
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23
Reward OF Dupiicity,

Tommy. do you know where little
boys go that tell iiesf"
You bet do That's the way most Of
'sm get to go TO the ball games"
The Echo register. (Echo, Umatilla County, Or.) 190?-1909, 1909-07-23

II costs a. much to b the father
Of belle ~ It does 10 ewn . race
aorsA
The Robesonian. [volume] (Lumberton, N.C.) 1870-current, 1909-06-07
Sale of Land.

Under and by virtue of the pn,.rr
vested in ne by an order of the Ilerk
of the Superior Court of Robeson Cuun-
ty, made in a Special Proceeding emit
tied Ellen f. Bear and Annie Laura
Mcqueen VS.. Pauline NJ. Littleiuhn and
others, will sell at public auction for
cash, at the court house door in Ium-
berton, North Carolina, on Monday.
June Dist. 1909, at ~ O'Clock, NJ. the
following described lot of land in the
town of Lumberton, North Carolina.
to-wit:
Beginning at a lightwood post in the
line of Fourth street in said town.
South of Lots 121 and 108, at a point
about 60 feet West from the Southeast
corner of Lot 12l, and runs North IL
Ea t, los feet; then about East - feet
then about South to the line of said
Fourth Street to point on said street
80 feet from the beginning; then about
| West with the line of the street to the
beginning, being the same land convey
ed by e. T. Williams to Elizabeth vii
liams by deed dated March oath, 1887.
and registered in Book H H II, page
9l5, in the Registers Office of RObeson
county, North Carolina, and the SAINT
conveyed by the said E. T. Williams
and Elizabeth Williams to the plaintiff.
and defendants by deed dated June 6
1904, and registered in Book u U u U
page POP, IN the office of the Registe
of Deeds of Robson county, N. c.
Dated this 18th day of May, 1909.
w. S. BRITT,
| Commissioner.
! Wishart & Britt, Attorneys for Peti
TONERS. 5-24-4mon
The Robesonian. [volume] (Lumberton, N.C.) 1870-current, 1909-06-07

with Mr.. and Mrs. A. H. Currie.
Mr.. W. S. McNair has pur-
chased Ford automobile.
Mrs. B. F. Mclean is visiting
her daughter, MIS-. Morrison, at
Morren.-Mr. Frank Mclean
came home Tuesday from Chapel
Hill.-Mr. Vanduzen, of Will
mington, spent several days IN
Maxton this week.
Rockingham sent a fine team
here Thursday to play Maxton,
but the game was prevented by
rain.
Mr.. Walter Jones, who has
been assistant postmaster fol-
several years, has gone to Fair
mont to open a mercantile bust
ness. Mr.. Jack Carter has tax
en- Mr.. Jones place in the post
Office.
Miss Lillian McNair delight
fully entertained her friends a
Cowper Hill, about one mile iron
town, Wednesday evening il
honor of her guest Miss Clar
Love, Of Champaign, Ill. r.
The Colonis Va ldeville CO
filled a two-nlghts> engagmen
here this week.
, Mr.. Jno. McAlester, of Re
Springs, was in Maxton yestel
: day. Mrs. N. A. Brown, of Re
, Springs, was in MaXton yestel
! day for several hours on her wa
home. -.-~
t Maxton, N. c.. June 5, 1909.
The Robesonian. [volume] (Lumberton, N.C.) 1870-current, 1909-06-07
Sale of Land.

Under and by virtue of the power
vested i'll me by an order of the Clerk
of the Superior Court of Roheson Coun-
ty, made in a Special Proceeding emit
tied Isaac F. Bear, by his next friend,
Ellen E. Bear, Elk Parte, will sell at
public auction for cash, at the court
honse door, in -Lumberton, Robson
County, North Carolina, on Monday,
Jun 21st, 1909, at Il O'Clock M, the
following described lot of land in the
town of Lumberton, Robson County,
North Carolina, to-wit:
On the North side of Fourth street
in said town bounded on the East by
the stable lot of Owen Dees; on the
North by f. D. Mcneil, and on the
West by lot owned by Mrs. Ellen E.
Bear and others, beginning in the
North line of Fourth Sire ct, as set out
in the official map of the town of Lum-
berton made by J. E. Purcell, at q
stake, Dees' corner, and runs about
North with and beyond his line los feet
| to stake; then about West % feet tt
a stake; then about South with the line
of the lot owned by Mrs Ellen E. Beal
and others, 1O5 feet to stake in the
line of Fourth Street; then about Eas
with the line of said Fourth Street q
feet to the beginning, being the same
lot conveyed to the said Isaac F. Beal
by E. T. Williams by deed dated june
25th, 1907.
Dated this 10Th day of May, 1909.
w. S. BRITT,
Commissioner.
TONERS. 5-N-4mon
The Robesonian. [volume] (Lumberton, N.C.) 1870-current, 1909-06-07
RED SPRINGS REVIEWS.
Delightful Social Events Bap.
fist Church Calls Il Pastor
Singing Class Enjoyed-Per
sonal Mention.
Correspondence OF The Robesonian

Correspondence OF The Robesonian.
Miss Melville Gibson is at home
again after teaching the past
winter in Greenville.
The singing class of the Ok
ford Orphanage give US a con-
cert Friday evening. The chill
dren were Wei trained and they
afforded the people of Red
Springs an evening of rare
pleasure and enjoyment. A nice
sum was received at the door
and also a liberal collection was
taken up during the evening. We
always enjoy the visits of these
little fatherless ones and wish
they could come more than once
a year.
Messrs. Russell Livermore anC
Henry Gaddy have returned
from the University.
The party chaperoned by Mr.
A. B. Pearsall to New York ant
other Northern cities returned
home Monday. They report
very pleasant trip.
Mr.. Roscoe D. Mcmillan, VIII
is studying in the medical de
partment of the University o
Maryland, is at home for the va
cation.
Mr.. Arthur McRae, who grac
uated from Davidson Colleg
this year, is now at home.
Miss Lucy Williams gave a de
lightful party Thursday evenin
to her many friends in honor {
Miss Bessie Peace, of Whining
ton. The young people enjoye
,, Miss Williams hospitality ver
j much and at a late hour r,
y luctantly departed. Those pre-
d ent were Misses Bessie Peac
a Margaret Dixon, Annie Bel
: Williams, Allie Pearsall, Luz
u deVane, Margaret William
o Elizabeth Vardell, Genevie,
e Mcmillan; Messrs. Will Tow
The Robesonian. [volume] (Lumberton, N.C.) 1870-current, 1909-06-07
News Notes and Personals From
Abbottsbung. &
Correspondence of The Robesonian.

Correspondence of The Robesonian.
Hot weather has come and
farmers are chopping cotton.
Berries are still fine but there is
no sale for them.
We were sorry indeed to hear
of the death of our friend J. J.
Mcmillan, near Dublin, of typhoid
fever. He was a fine young man.
Misses Helen and Mary Nc.
Leod, of ElizabethtoWn, have re-
turned home after spending some
time at their grandma's picking
berries.
Mr.. Nat Cashwell, who livec
near here, died of typhoid fever
yesterday.
Mr.. w. D. Buie, of Nashville
Ca, and his sister, Miss Katie, O.
North Brown Marsh, were call
ing on their aunt, Mrs. McEWen
last week. s
Miss Edith Gooden has return
ed from Chadburn, where she ha'
been packing berries. s.
Mrs. Wilton McCallum, %
+ Clarkton, was in this vicinit
+ Sunday.
Miss Kate McEWen is visitin
{ this week at her old home nea
! here.
f Abbottsburg, N. c., June
4 1909.
D r r
The Robesonian. [volume] (Lumberton, N.C.) 1870-current, 1909-06-07

any special amount of nerve 10
10 a thing so necessary and so
right, the leaving undone Of
which is so dangerous.
Our attention has been called,
too, to a very dangerous place on
the street between the Gospel
tabernacle and the Jewish syna.
gogue. A deep gully edges the
sidewalk and a misstep there ir
the dark would result in injury
certain, perhaps serious or fata
injury.
The Robesonian. [volume] (Lumberton, N.C.) 1870-current, 1909-06-07
MONDAY. MAY 7. 1909.
UNSANITARY CONDITIONS.

We are glad to note that some
cleaning up has been done in
town within the last few days,
but much remains to be done.
DIR. N. A. Thompson is health Of
ficer of the town and he is paid
$50 a year for his services, yet we
understand that he has never
brought many cases of unsanita-
ry conditions to the attention of
the sanitary officers, and none
recently. 1t does not take a
physician to see that unsanitary
conditions exist, and if DIR.
Thompson will not call them to
the attention of the sanitary of.
ficers they should call them tt
DR.. Thompson's attention.
We believe the sentiment of the
people of the town would b.
solidly behind the commissioner
if they would require, as the,
have the right to do, all propert,
owners who are in reach of sewe
lines to connect. What's tn
good of the town spending owe
$4,000, as it did last year, to ex
tend water and sewer lines,
the people who can do so are nc
required to connect? Some nor
resident property owners EMO
revenue from houses situate
right along sewer lines, yet the
have not put in water works an
their houses are a nuisance and
source of danger. They are n,
likely to connect unless made
do so. 1t ought not to requil
The Robesonian. [volume] (Lumberton, N.C.) 1870-current, 1909-06-07
=. mrs. Eli a NJ. Byri1.

Mrs. Eliza M. Byrd, daughter of Jo-
seph Regain and Mary Regain, was born
August q, 1885, and died at her daugh-
ter's, Mrs. Fannie Rozier,f May 9, 1909.
She joined the M. E Church South, at
Regain, when young woman. She re-
manned a fnensber of the church of her
choice until the day Of her death, She
was laid to rest in the old graveyard at
Regan church with appropriate services,
conducted by her pastor. She leaves
three children and many friends to
mourn her departure until the cords
now sundered. shall BE- reunited on the
general. resurrection morn, May the
good Lord comfort the sorrowing hearts
of the bereaved ones" = -
.--s@ ..>l1=A.::-.- WA. JENKINS. <,