davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-08-14

A four-days' test run made on il6
tons Of Victor ore at the Murray mill
returned a gold brick weighing 4sls
pounds and worth about $4,000, which
fully demonstrated the value Of the ore
and the a~dapability of the mill for
its treatment. TIE purchase of the
Proskey lease was MAJ ts1ause of the
fact that ore has been aeyeloped insthe
Victor lease sto III Yidelines Of the
|Proskeg- ole has yeit opened in the
Victor from a d. II Of fe1t to
800 feet, and for Slopes afe now -
shape for a hess.y production. Eight
men are working in the mill and
twelve in the mine, and this force will
be added to at once. Mr.. Cook is in
charge of operations at the mine an
mill.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-08-14

solidated company are the basis Of the
assurance which is felt in the ultimate
success of deep development on the
Poleverde.
The shaft on the Goldfeld Annex
lease on the Poleverde is now down
$40 feet, and is being pushed down
rapidly with the 1,000-foot mark as
the objective point. Manager Hici:-
man has a force Of ten men at work,
and there is good reason to believe that
this lease will prove to be a winner.
A considerable amount of ore was
shipped from this ground in the early
days Of the camp, but it was bunchy
and not persistent enough to make a
steady production. At a depth OF
1000 feet thorough prospecting Of the
ground will be made by drifting and
prosecuting. The lease is situated nos
far from the Clelinont shaft, and is
conceded to have splendid possibilities.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-08-14
VICTOR SHAFT is BEING
SUNK THROUGH NEW VEIN

without any attempt at making a ship
ping production.
w. II. Stills, manager of the Nevada
Gold Ore lease on the Gold Bar is ex-
peeted to return from an extended east
ern trip within a few days to resume
work on the lease, which is backed by
strong financial interests in Ohio.
Arrangements are being rapidly
contaminated for starting up work on
the old C. o. d. lease, and Thomas G.
Lister, who is promoting the project,
writes to Manager Koontz that the
outlook for an early start are exceed
ingIy good. Mr.. Lister was here re
Gently from Los Angeles making an
examination of the ground, with which
he was somewhat familiar, and ex-
pressed confidence in being able 10
open pay ore within a very short time
after getting operations under way.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-08-14

camp on vacation this summer than
for several years. This is explained by
the fact that this is the first summer
the people have had enough money to
go on, and argues a healthy condition.
The meeting OF the American Nil. 2
congress; the probable coming OF tho
shops of the Tonopah q Goldfield sail
road from Tonopah to Goldfeii; tie re-
turn of host sof vacationists who now
are disporting themselves from or
ccean to the other, but who mus. ge
turn to the grind with the beginning
of fall; these are some of the strong
est reasons given by the busioess men
of the city why things should ;amodi-
atcly improve AFT, the end of iusust.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-08-14

be readily seen that there is "some
thing DOING in Ely.
cit might Le of interest TO state thu.
the great smelter is being constantly
added to until it will be producing 20
600 tons per day. This. they state will
employ 21, 700 men and would sustain
a population of los, 500 people. This is
the work of the Guggenbeim interests.
.tWhile ] was there | had the pi, as
ure of meeting and eonvcrsing with
Mr.. Thomas +. Cole, of the Colc-Ryan
syndicate. | invited him to the con
gress and he told me if possible he
would come and bring his friends. Mr..
Cole is not only of the copper kings
of the world but he is also a Traveller.
He told me of having Travelled 15,geo
miles in one year. / am glad to knew
that Mr.. Ryan is coming TO the cor-
gress and that his decision is made. IF
Mr.. Cole does for Ely what the othes
company has done 10th Ely and Ne.
vada should pat themselves on The
back and say "What good luck.'
"National mine is great. | saw
some ore from this mine at Winnie
mucca. 1t makes a mining man smile
all over to have 1876 pounds of ore
that will net him s10,055, OF go
pounds that after deducting all charges
brings him $10,7l9, and 475 pounds of
the low grade that nets him $2,401.14;
five tons at 1926 per ton; 472 tons
that brought over $4,000. ] tell YOU
there is nothing wrong with the won
ders of Nevada, and Baron Munchau
sen, if he lived today and lived in Ne
vada, would be where he could proper
ly express himself and still be perfect
ly truthful. The wonders of Nevada
are world wonders and some OF the
things are so great that one must see
to understand.
try know of Nevada is largely hear
say in most eases and what they are
going to see for themselves and know
for themselves as their own experience
will surprise them and they will return
to their homes wiser men and we be-
lieve not sadder but gladden. men for
the possibilities which this mining con
gress will open to them in the way Of
investing their surplus capital
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-08-14
ONSOLlDATED'S PAYROLL
FOR JULY WAS $4,000

Sixtyeight thousand dollars "a distributed Wednesday by Gold
i field Consolidated Mines company as the payroll for the month of July,
= divided among 500 employees. Other companies and leases through
Ia out the district which paid today added approximately $4,000 to
Ia the disbursement. The Florence pays o. the 9th OF each month, and
Il this payroll was a little over 81 1000. The total payroll of the mines
n of the district at the present time is estimated at about $l6oWoO,
which is some what less than it was a few months ago. This is due
! 10 the suspension of operations by several leasing companies but
4 within the next two months this figure will be considerably increased
s hy new operations which arr o being shaped up, and the monthly
4 payroll will again be close to 100000. There is every indication of a
4 great deal of renewed activity within a short time, and the present
dulness in certain portions of the camp will give place to LEI oper-
y ations IN a N extensive scale.
sAxaS = 4 = = = = = J. + 4 = , + = = + = = = + Z =
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-08-14
0 LE-RYAN CROWD WILL
ATTEND MINING CONGRESS

check for $4,000 in payment for the
claims, Mr.. Cole placed his hand on
Elliott 8 shoulder and said: "Now,
Mr.. Elliott, I am going to be in Gold
field for the Mining Congress. | am
going to come in my private car and
bring a big party of friends with me.
7 believe it is going to be the greatest
gathering of mining men that ever got
together in the country. / will surely
be there with my friends, and when
you 90 back to Goldfeld, ! wish you to
make hotel reservations at once for my
self and party
Mr.. Elliott says that Mr.. Cole is
thoroughly enthusiastic over the min
inc outlook in Nevada, and will be a
great "booster' for the entire state,
as well as for Ely.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-08-14

level. fifty feet above the new cross
cut. Various tests on the ore gave
values ranging from $40 TO $50 per
ton. and the streak ranged from one
to four feet in width. 1t will take a
few days yet to penetrate the vein sui
fcieutly to tell just what will be ae-
yeloped Mt the l50-foot level, but the
indications above justify a very hope
full view.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-08-14

Sinking has been resumed on the
Victor shaft of the G. O. ID. Consolidat-
ed, and the shaft will be put down
10 $50 feet bfore any lateral work IS
done below the $50 level, where cross
has been in progress fol some
time. The bottom of the shaft is now
In a vein that was opened IN the stump
below $50 feet, and the object OF re-
Mming sinking is to get down through
il and prospect it by laterals from that
point. Manager Koontz considers this
one of he best veins he has yet en-
conferred in the Victor workings,
based upon its geological construction,
he anticipates some very interest
ing developments in the way OF ore
he gets it properly opened. Con
siderable work is still being done on
the ore shoot at the 400-level, but It
Is purely in the way of development
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-08-14

fhos. +. Cole, head of the Coie-hyan
Syndicate that controls the big cop
per mines of Ely and is known as n
ri the copper kings of the world
will be in attendance at the forthcom-
Eng session of .,ne American Mining
congress in Goldfeld, coming in ms
private car with a large party Oh
Friends and mining magnates who are
among the leading mining men OF the
entire country. Reservations OF apart
|ments were made for the entire party
n the Goldfeld hotel today by Ole FL
|llott, who has just returned from Ely,
where he and "Tex' Richard closed a
deal with Mr.. Cole for the sale of some
Ff the mining interests in which Rick
ara and Elliott were interested.
When Mr.. Cole handed Elliott a
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-08-14

Wingfeld, is authorized to executeAthe
leases with prosnective operators.
The Wingfeld properties embrace
much Of the most promising ground in
the Goldfeld district contiguous to the
big producers, and persistent and in
telligent development should bring
forth numerous producing leases. With
q number Of other outside properties
joining the shippers and several show.
ing signs Of doing the same thing, Mr..
Wingield s announced desire to get
things going again on the large terri.
tory which he controls, opens a most
hopeful outlook for renewed a~ctivit'
throughout the district. p
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-08-14

". r. Garrison of Pasadena Calf,
nas been in Goldfeld for a couple OF
nays to complete arrangements for re-
sinking on the Garrison lease
y the Atlanta. A heavier plant 1T ma
fA'hery will be installed this week,
~nd the shaft sent down another hun
'"ed feet as quickly as possible. A
|''sseut will be driven from the shaft
II open the ledge that was struck some
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-08-14

Chas. j.. spilman, the well known
mining writer, formerly mining editor
OF the GoleieId Chronicle. but more re
Gently in charge of the townsite affairs
Of the town Of Bob, near Luning, will
leave Goldfeld in the morning for an
extended visit to Los Angeles and other
places on the coast. He expects to be
away from Goldfeld at least six
months.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-08-14
GARRISON LEASE WILL
SINK TO ANOTHER LEVEL

time ago in a crosseut from the 4oo-
level. Mr.. Garrison believes that he
will find shipping values with the aa-
ditional depth which will be secured
by the proposed work, and if It does
not show at that point, he VIII pu'
the shaft down a hundred feet FUR
Their. The ore recently cut at $40 feet
in the Cherokee shaft greatly eneour-
ages Mr.. Garrison in his operations.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-08-14
GOLDFIELD BUSINESS MEN
OPTIMISTIC OVER FUTURE

Z How do you find business was the question put to dozen Heading merchants by The News this 4
+ week, and the nvhbh reply was Good dH steadily getting better =
: Despite the fact that hundreds of people are out of codhed temporarily business is better today =
= than has been for many months and there Hmem money in circulation The casual observer sees the +
= street quiet and thinks the town is dead but the books of the merchants and thu accounts at the banks =
+ show a healthy and cnnnyn improving condition With the full promise oa splendid n and winter The =
+ encouraging conditions are these E
. More men at work in the mine thar for the past year. =
= Developments ore at great depths in old producers =
= Finding of ore on inside nmpoMcng ground =
E Almost cmn prospects of occurring Tmph and Gdfed railroad shops general offices and large =
+ foundry and the accompanying Increase of 1000 population .
& Encouraging prospects of GddfadEy abroad and the consultation of all Southern Nevada rail =
+ Dads with Gdddad the most important railroad center in tn ehnmo west =
= It is the general feeling among merchants that those who can stand the strain and are in reasonable =
+ financial cndtin to hdo on will be the men who viii reap uer wMd +
= = = = = : = = = = = = = Z +.% Z = = Z = : + 4 = 7 + Z Z = = = = : + = + = = Z = 7 = Z -
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-08-14
EXPECT TO GET ORE SOON
ON RED TOP EXTENSION

flee for reaching the ore. Another raise
Las been put W from the 500 level to
connect with the old Macmillan work
ings, and the Macmillan drift is beng
continued to the southeast towara
where the Red Top ore shoot should
come down.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-08-14

Almost without exception, the mer-
chants of Goldfeld are very optimis-
tic of what the future holds in starn
for the camp, and more than one ct
them, in expressing his views regasd-
mo business conditions, asserts thet
beginning about September !, condi-
lions in Goldfeld will begin to notice
ably improve, and gradually continue
to get better until they are quite lAor-
NAL, if not equal to times as they were
in the fall of 1906 and the first hsif
of 1907.
Mining Conditions
Mining, of course, is the basis Of
Goldfeld's prosperity, and the improve
ment in mining conditions accounts for
the improvement in town conditions.
The Improvement has been so grad
ual as hardly to be appreciated by
people generally, but it shows upon tae
books of the merchants as it does ipon
the ~payrolls at the mines. More meu
are on the mine payrolls right now
than for many months and the number
is gradually but constantly increasing
For instance, there were in July 94c
men paying dues at the Miners hos
pital, as against $50 in June. This
number includes only the men who arc
working for the larger companies and
does not include leasers. BY the end OF
this month there will be over 1000 men
paying dues at the hospital.
Business is also stimulated by recent
development in the mines. The finding
of ore bodies at great depth in the
CONSOLIDATED, the improvement. OF con
ditions in the Diamondfeld district
the finding of ore in the near non-pro
dueing area, the promise Of ore on thu
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-08-14
OFFICIAL CALL ISSUED
FOR MINING CONGRESS

, The official call for the 18th !
, annual session of the Ameri-
, can Mining Congress, to be held
, in Goldfeld September "a to De-
, tobsr 4, was issued from the Of
? fee Of the secretary in Denver I
, Saturday. The text of the Of I
; cial call will be received here
, shortly. The call states the pur- I
, poses of the coming session of I
, the congress, and designates the !
, apportionment and appointment !
, Of delegates.
The log cabin Democrat., 1909-10-06
BEN 1. GRIFFIN
 FOR CONGRESS-

In this issue of The Log Cabin Dem ocrat appears the formal announce ment of Ben L. Griffin of Faulkner county as candidate for Congress from the Fifth congressional district of Arkansas, subject to the action of the Democratic primaries. Mir. Griffin needs no introduction at the hands of this paper, as he is no stranger to the people not only of this district but of the entire state.
 He was for three years the state secretary of the Arkansas division of the Farmers Union, and it was large ly through his efforts that this organi- zation built up a membership from a few hundred to nearly S0.000 mem- bers in this state. In the national union, also, he has been recognized as one of the leaders and has taken an active part in shaping the policies and affairs of this great organization. He founded and for several years edited the Arkansas Union Tribune, one of the unions strongest organs, During his years of work with this organiza- ton Mir Griffin has done perhaps more than any other man in Arkansas 10 break down had feeling and to es- tabhsa cordial relations between the farmer and the merchant, and he to- day enjoys Che confidence and respect of both classes,
 Ar. Griffin IS .n every sense of the word a self-made man. Raised on a Mississippi farm, deprived by dire poverty of Che opportunity of an edu- cation, be was further handicapped at the age of 70 hy the loss of his right arm in a miil accident Unlearned and without means. working on the farm as tenant, he began to study at night and attend school at such times as he was able until he acquired a good, practical education, and is well posted on state and national affairs.
 One of MT. GriAins strongest argu- ments for his election is that, not be- ing a lawyer and having no large busi- ness interests to look after, he will, if sent to Congress, devote every hour of his time to looking after the inter ests of his state and his constituents His unusual opportunities both to fee snd to understand the needs of the farming classes places him where hs can be of more than ordinary esrvics to an agricultural people.
 It has been known for some time that Mir. Griffin would make this race md he has received hundreds of en'
The log cabin Democrat., 1909-10-06

By Drummer Hardware Co.-best three loaves of bread baked by girl under 16 dshpan-Miss Gertie Grum- mer. Best display of fruits, Jeihes and preserves in glass, Bucks cook stove. S19.50-Mrs. L. E. Halter. DEPARTMENT TEXTILES. Mrs. B. T. Deal and Mrs. J. Haydon, superintendents Best and prettiest quilt made in 1909 by Faulkner county lady-Holly Grove Lodge No. 95, first; Mrs. W. 5. | Hines, second. Cotton quilt-Mrs. Cal Canada.
 Display of Needlework, 6 pieces Mrs. Fanny Farmer. Piece of fancy work by child under 14-Miss Helen Harton.
 Point-lace Handkerchief-M .Em- ma Martin.
 Hemstitched Tablecloth-M Mary Hol> omb.
 Home made counterpane-Mrs. I'd Schroll
 Knit counterpane-Mrs J. R. Mar tin.
 Homemade linsey-Mrs. Jim Me Moran.
 Hemstitched handkerchief Miss Salle Hildreth.
 Child's centerpiece-Helen Farton.
 Hand-painted sofa pillow - Mrs. James Ligon.
 Drawn-work pillow shams- Miss Mary Holcomb.
 Fancy table cover-Mrs. H. Martin.
 Prettiest sofa pillow-Miss Ethel Stewart.
 Centerpiece-Mrs. Hamp Martin.
 Bead work-Miss Louise Austin.
 Shirtwaist-Mrs.F Frank Jones' Display of doilies - Mrs. Frank Dely.
 Child's doily-Bessie Martin.
 Display of lace-Mrs. Frank Dely
 Homemade rug-.Mrs. W. M. Bar ley.
 Dressed doll-Mrs. NJ. H. Cole.
 Homemade basket-Mss Ava Will son.
 Fancy mats-Mrs. Frank Dely.
 Knitted mittens-Mrs. Cal Canada
 Mems socks-Mrs. NJ. N. Harrod. : Display of drawnwork-Mr Frank Dely.
 Display of Battenberg-Miss Daisy Bruce.
 Worsted quilt-Mrs. N. V. Johnson Quilt made by girl under 15-Miss Mary Wilson.
 Battenberg table cover-Mrs. Hamp Martin.
 Linen stock collar - Mrs. Lottie Stevens.
 Battenberg collar-Mrs. John Dun away ST. Homemade rug-Mrs. Cal Canada
The log cabin Democrat., 1909-10-06
THE PREMIUM WINNERS
 (Contiued From First Page.)

first; L. E. Halter, second.
 One dozen Brooms, Arkansas made J. & Means, first; G. w. Ballard, second.
 Six stalks Sunhower-L. E. Halter, first; J. E. Haas, second.
 Bale Alfalfa-J. D. Moix, first; L. E. Halter, second.
 Six bundles Millet-L. E. Halter, first; J. ". Mathews, second.
 Burr Clover-L. k. Halter.
 Vetch-L. E. Halter
 Bucllwheat- E. Halter.
 Six bundles Red-top-L. E. Halter. Six bundles Timothy-L. E. Halter, Blae Bermuda Hay-L. E. Halter. Bale Clover Hay-L. E. Halter. Bale Crabgrass Hay-L. E. Halter. Bale Peavine Hay-L. E. Halter. Collection of Stock Peas, shelled, consisting of three or more varieties L. E. Halter first; August Heins, sec ond.
 Three stalks Soia Beans-W, J. Caid, first; D. o. Harton, second. Three stalks of Cotton, bottom-R. Smith, first; II. E. Cook, second. Three stalks of Cotton, upland-L. F. Halter, first; John Fluckiger, sec ond.
 Best and largest display of Tame Grasses grown and exhibited by one person-L. E. Halter.
 VEGETABLES.
 Peck Irish Potatoes, Red Triumph L. E. Halter, first; J. P. Balmat, sec ond.
 Peck Sweet Potatoes, any other kind HI. c. Nixon.
 Squash, summer variety, one speci- men--L. E. Halter.
 Improved Striped Curshaw-Geza Soos.
 Mammoth Field Pumpkin = Geza Soos.
 Large Pie Pumpkin-L. E. Halter. Spanish Peanuts = L. E. Halter, first; John Fluckiger, second. Watermelon, single specimen-Geza Coos.
 Citron, single specimen-Phil Nab holz.
 Onions (Multiplying)-L E. Halt CT.
The log cabin Democrat., 1909-10-06
Miss

Hemstitched handkerchief - Miss Della Pence.
 Wool scarf-Miss Bell Thornton.
 SPECIAL PRIZES. By Henry Frauenthal, $5- Fanciest sofa piIlow-Mrs. James Ligon. BvJ.J. Livingston, cut-glass vase Prettiest piece of fancy work-Miss Mary Colcomb.
 By H. B. Ingram, $5-Fanciest cen terpiece-Mrs. S. E. Greeson. Judges-Mrs. J. J. Doyne, Mrs. G. H. Burr and Miss Millet.
 DEPARTMENT J.-ART. Misses Emma Rasor and Lucy Liv- ingston, superintendents.
 Collection Oil Paintings-Mrs. w. Rivers.
 Oil Painting-Mrs. W. w. Rivers. Faulkner County Oil Painting Mrs. W. w. Rivers.
 Portrait Paiting-Mrs. G. M. Gore. Landscape Oil Painting-Miss Bes- sic Randell.
 Water Color Picture-Miss Mary McCulloch.
 Study in Fruit-Miss Lucy Living l ston.
 Animal Study-Miss Mary McCul- loch.
 Display Crayon Work-Miss Ava Wilson.
 Display Pencil Drawings-R. Will son, Normal school.
 Drawing by Child Under 1o-Eu- gene Alison.
 Floral Decoration - Miss Della Pence.
 Painting on China, Specimen-Miss Bessie Randell.
 Map Drawing Normal exhibit.
 Pyrography-Ow Haydon.
 Product Map-Jno. Lachowsy, Cath olc school.
 Collection China Paintings-Mrs. W. w. Rivers.
 Relief Map-Julia Balmaz, Catholic school Old papers for sale at this office.
The log cabin Democrat., 1909-10-06

Cucumber Sweet Pickles-Mrs. L. E. Halter.
 Blackberry Preserves = Mrs. Cal Canada
 Plum Preserves-Mrs Tom Wren, first; Mrs. Cal Canada, second. Peach Preserves-Mrs. L. E. Halter, first; Mrs. Tom Wren, second.
 Apple Preserves-Mrs. L. E. Halt CT, first; Mrs. Nj. H. Cole, second. Pear Preserves-Mrs. M. F. Dickin- son, first; Mrs. Cal Canada, second. Quince Preserves-Mrs. L. E. Halt CT.
 Fig Preserves-Mrs. L. E. Halter first; Mrs. Tom Wren, second.
 Grape Preserves-Mrs. Tom Wren. Tomato Preserves - Mrs. Frank Dely, first; Mrs. L. E. Halter, second. Citron Preserves-Mrs. Frank Dely. Ground Cherry Preserves = Mrs. Frank Dely.
 Strawberry Marmalade-Mrs L. E. Halter.
 Blackberry Marmalade-Mrs L. E. Halter.
 Plum Marmalade-Mrs l.. E. Halt CT.
 Apple Marmalade-Mrs. Frank De- ly.
 Peach Marmalade-Mr Frank De ly.
 Pear Marmaalde-Mrs. L. E. Halt CT.
 Blackberry Jelly-Mrs. Cal Can ada, first; Mrs. Tom Wren, second.
 Strawberry Jelly-Mrs. L. E. Halt CT.
 Raspberry Jelly-Mrs. L. E. Halter.
 Plum Jelly-Mrs. Tom Wren.
 Apple Jelly-Mrs. L. E, Halter,
 Crabapple Jelly-Mrs. L. E. Halter. Quinee Jelly-Mrs. L. E. Halter.
 Muscadne Jelly - Mrs. Tom Wren. Grape Jelly-Mrs. Tom Wren.
 Sun-dried Apples-Mrs. M. J. Gore. Cuil-ul leu tdClltS MI Nl D. . Gore.
 Canned Cherries-Mrs L. E. Halt CT.
 Canned Plums-Mrs J. F. Raney.
 Canned Peaches-Mrs. J. H. Hartje, first; Mrs. L. E. Halter, second.
 Canned Grapes-Mrs. L. E. Halter. Canned Blackberries-Mrs L. E. Halter
 Canned Tomatoes J. w. Akin. Best display Pickles, etc.-Mrs. Tom Wren.
 Best display of Preserves, Jellies, etc.-Mrs. l.. E. Halter. SPECIAL PRIZES.
 By Cole & Company-Best cake baked from "White Crest" flour, one sack of same-Mrs. Fife Lincoln. Best pan of biscuits from same, same prize Mrs. J. M. Ligon.