The Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1???-1928, 1909-10-10
FORMAL GARDENS or OLD HoL
.sxt. LAND. x,e.a,


American formal gardens are pat
termed largely under early Italian,
English, French and Dutch Designs
and there are many features used to
day in oar new world estates taken
directly from the picturesque gardens
of old Holland, which, because of the
fiat. marshy country, with no hills.
2 rocks or terraces. had speculiarities
entirely their own. The FIRST varia.
ton OF Dutch and Flemish gardens
from accepted Italian and French
styles is in the absence OF walls and
slopes and. the substitution of canals
or water bitches for fences, says
Town and Country" In 1871 John
Evelyn wrote: THE hedge OF water
in the form of lattice work which
the fountainer caused to ascend out
Of the. earth BY degrees exceedingly
pleased and surprised me for thas,
with the prOfuEe wall. or rather q pal
isade hedge Of wsters, was the whole
paSterre cnvircn~1." II landscape
gardening was m accurate descrfp-
ton Of the planning Of pleasure
grounds In other parts OF Europe,
waterscape gards aing would be the
correct term to apply 10 the Dutch
style. for water ID the main natural
feature Of the ID Itch garden 'of the
old ,clzssic patter~. But It must mot
be supposed that the I DatcAman
spared pains to- hiring his garden up
tn tho proper ARTIFICIAL level BY the
Ingenuity he dcvotSd 10 artistic deco
ration: TINS We rezd " ARTIFICIAL
ceyea or, srcttoss with Qunint carvings
and pisstering and frunco painting.
: fEiirshseld wrote In FITS: "Dntch
garhcns only opreant straight lines
and a profusion on syntKetry and reg
nlarity i entirely IN tbs Old French
taste. The Giterencss that may be
noted Ii that the gardens Of Holland
are more confined, more Intercepted
with waters" t4
Dutch gardens. Of course, had to be
fiat. 40 there are no hills In Holland;
consequently, there are no terraces or
waterfalls The artificial grotto. how
eyeE was largely used In Holland.
and because these grottns were often
so unceutk III fSeir carvEhgs the
word ~GrDtesque" had It's origin in
this form of garden ornamentation.
Erasmus thus describes a typical gar
den deaign:
I'm form. perfect square and
walled. it's contents appealed to the
pleasure of the higher senses. each
sweet herb having its own parterre
arranged In military squads. each
with its standard Or inscription Amid
the scented herbs a fountain with
marble channel divides the garden
into halves. Three covered alleys
serve as out40fAdoor studios or dining
rooms or conversation halls. 9 support
ed by columns at regular intervals Of
imitation marble One ailsys faccs the
rising sun; another. the setting gun
"A third runs north and south. They
are paved with mosaic and the walls
are painted with trees and birds. ser.
penis and vipers. The witchen or
herb garden is spacious and divided
into two parts, one containing all the
edible herbs and the other the botari-
ical plarts The meadow is devoted
to grazing and inciosed by quick.
thorn hedge. There liz an ayiary
where the birds are so tame that dur
ing the supper u ~ perch upon the
table and are fed by hand. At the
end of the orchard is IA garden Of
bees" - "1F
II lis by the study yof classic models
such die these that we can work out
In our own land effective I and beau
'tifuf pleasure grounds in our country
estates, but It is necessary always Of
course, to use i, discretion and taste
in adapting these designs to new con-
.ditionS. AHs,s As s,sNsps r+t .s8t, S