davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1909-03-11
TREE DWELLING ANTS.
South American Insect That Acts a
~ Plant Guardian.

South American Insect That Acts a.
y Plant Guardian.
Ant defenders Of plants and trees
are some Of natures pretty marvels.
The Cecropia adenopus is a remarka-
BILE tree of south Brazil, widely dis
tributed through the tropics. Its slen-
der trunk Is crowned with long leaves
at the ends Of the branches.
A few active ants run continually
along the branches and the leaves, but
If the tree is shaken slightly an army
Of ants rushes out by small apertures
ready for a savage assault on the In
truder. The ant is the terrible guard
ian that the tree has retained to pro-
tect it from its most formidable me
my, the leaf cutter ant.
The defenders rarely leave their re-
treat, where they live on small whitish
egg shaped bodies about one-twelfth
Of an inch long, known as Mueller's
%corpuscles. These are formed Of deli
cate tissue, rich in proteids and all, as
rations for the. garrison of defender
ants to feed upon. The curious ar
rangement by which entrance is made
to the hollow stem has been studied by
w. Schimper.
Just above the point Of insertion of
each leaf extends nearly to the supe-
rior node a superficial groove, at whose
end is a rounded depression. There
the tissue is thin, like a diaphragm in
a tube, and it also is soft. The hole
by which the ant enters is always
pierced at this spot. The ants seem
to have made their entrance through
the groove originally because it was
at the top. In the n Of this
plants further development natural &C.
lection augmented these natural ad-
vantages, 10 that finally the thin, frai
diaphragm as it exists today was DE-
veloped.-Chicago Tribune.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1909-03-11

The weather isideal at Calgary
to see land-no snow to bother.
Call on Loney and arrange to
make the trip-fare only $500
from Minot and return.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
HANDS CRACKED
RAW AND SCAf
ltched and Burned Terribly Arms
Affected, Too Gould Not Move
Thumbs Without Flesh Cracking
Sleep and Work Often Impos-.
sible-Was Fairly Worn Out. i. s
a. " VI" -" 49,. y
CUTICURAs SOON. CURED III:
HIS FEARFUL ECZEMA !. !.

~! About a year ago an itching humor
began to appear around the back Of my
hand. It started in to spread, and
pretty soon it covered both my hands
and got up over my wrists and even
up to the elbows. The itching and
burning were terrible. My hands got
all scaly and when scratched, az I
surface would be covered with blisters
and then get raw. The eczema got so
bad in around the pit Ct my thumbs
that could not move the thumbs
without deep cracks appearing: ] went
to my doctor, but his medicine could
only stop the itching and did not seem
to heal my hands up at all. AT night
/ suffered 80 fearfully that could not
sleep, often lying awake until we'll toward
I am chef and steward by trade and
had to give up my place, as my hands
were so terrible to look at that they
did not like to have me around about
the food. I could not bear to touch
them with water, but when ! positively
had to get my hands clean would rub
them with oil.
three months and kept trying zinc
and tar ointments and such remedies
with no particular benefit. I did not
know what to do, for I was fairly worn
out. For long time several friends
kept asking me why I didn't use Cuti-
cura and at last I thought I would.
First I got the Cuticura Soap, then
Cuticura Ointment and at last Cuticura
Resolvent. I put the Cuticura Oint-
ment on at night, covering my hands
with light cotton gloves. In the morn
ing the inside Of the gloves would be
lined with scales, sometimes half az
long as your finger, leaving nice healed
! month was cured and have kept so
now for nine months. My hands and
arms are perfectly clear Of all traces Of
eczema and think am well rid Of it.
Walter n. Cox, 16 Somerset st., Bos-
ton, Mass. Sept. rs. 1907
Cuticura Remedies are sold throughout the world.
GanL Mailed Free. Cutisass Book On Elm pbaass6
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
- First publication Jan. 49,
Citation Hearing Petition for Appoint
- ment Of Administrator.

- First publication Jau. w.
Citation Hearing Petition for Appoint
d. ?" ment Of Administrator.
State OF North Dakota, county OF
Burleigh, IS.
In County Court, before Hon. M. J.
Mckenzie, Judge.
In the matter of the estate OF May
Milk, deceased.
4. C. Tees, public administrator
petitioner, VS.. Lillian Mills. Ida
Hughes, Martha Dahl, Mary Haight
and Lena Dahl, respondents.
The state of North Dakota to the
above named respondents, and all
persons interested in the estate OF
May MIlls, deceased:
You, and each of you, are hereby
notified that T. c. Tees, public admin
istrator of Burleigh county, North
Dakota, the petitioner herein, has
filed in this court his petition. pray
ing that letters of administration up
on the estate of May Mills, late of
the city of Bismarck, in the county
of Burleigh, and state of North Da-
kota, deceased, be granted to T. c.
Tees, public administrator of Burlcigh
county, and that the said petition will
be heard and duly considered by this
court on Monday, the LIST day OF
March, A. D., 1909, at ten o'clock in
the forenoon of that day, at the court
rooms of this court, in the county
court house in the city of Bismarck,
county of Burleigh and state of North
Dakota, and you, and each of you,
are hereby cited to be and appear
before this court at said time and
place, and answer said petition, and
show cause, If any there be, why
the prayer of said petition should not
be granted.
(SEAL.) BY the Court:
-. M. J. MCKENZIE,
Judge of the County Court.
Dated the 18th day Of January, A.
D., 1909.
Let the service of above citation
be made by publication.
(SEAL.) H%>% e. III
- M. J. MCKENZIE,
Judge Of the County Court.
B. AUGER,
Attorney for Petitioner.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
Rank Fooiishness.

"When attacked by a cough or cold,
|. or when your throat is sore, it is
rank foolishness to take any other
medicine than DR.. Kings New Dis
covery," says G. o. Eldridge, of EN-
pire, Ca II have used New Discov-
cry seven years and know 1t is the
best remedy on earth for coughs and
colds, Group, and atll throat and lung
troubles. Ny children are subject to
Group, but New Discovery quickly
cures every attack" known the
world over as the King Of throat and
lung remedies. Sold under guarantee
at Beardsley & Finney's drug store.
SOC and 800. Trial bottles free. :
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
LAME EVERY MORNING.

A Bad Back 10 Always Worse in the
Morning. Bismarck People
are Finding Relief.
A back that aches all day and caus-
es discomfort at night is usually
worse in the morning. Makes you
feel as If you hadn't slept. at all.
Can't cure "a bad back until you
/ cure the kidneys. Deans Kidney Pills
cure sick kidneys makes you feel
better, work better, rest better and
sleep better. --. go |,
~4 Permanent cures in Bismarck prove
the merits of Doan's.
r. Miss Elizabeth Mahoney, Thirteenth
st., Bismarck, N. OAK, says: "A few
months ago felt very lame and weak
was restless at night and would
arise in the morning feeling tired.
and worn out. My back was so sore
that I could not stoop without suf-
fering severely. Learning Of Doan's
Kidney Pills decided to give them a
trial, and procured box. They gave
me relief at once, continued and
was rewarded with a complete cure.
I am glad to recommend Doan's Kid
eyn Pills" :'':@ -
For sale by all dealers, Price 50
cents. Foster-Milburn Co., Buffalo,
New York, sole agents for the United
States. =
Remember the name-Doan's-and
take no other.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
|PILES CURED AT HOME Bl
new ABSORPTION METHOD

+ you suffer from bleeding, itching.
blind or protruding Piles, SEM
me your address. and ! will tell yo
how to cure yourself at home by tt
new ABSORPTION treatment; and will s.
SO send some of this home treatmen
free for trial, with references from
your own locality If requested. I'm
mediate relief and permanent cure
assured. Send no money, but tell
others Of this ofte:.:. Write today to
Mrs. M. Summers, BOX p, South Bend
Ind
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30

A Christening In Sight.
A Mobile lawyer was surprised when
his negro gardener called at the once
accompanied by q large wheelbar-
row. '"',' d. ~,
d "Marse Robinson" he said, 7 wants
to know eft you'd MUD lendin' mo
some Of yo' scyciopediaro an diction-
aries an any other big books. sab"
Upon my, soul" exclaimed the
astonished lawyer. What on earth
are you up tor
' Every important occasion, Marss
Robinson. Very important occasion.
deed. Sheba an me want to hunt up
q name fob de baby."-9uccess Maya
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
STOMACH TROUBLE AND DiGEs'
1fE3ts 4. TI0N I'LL $S%&sA r

t,&5 4. IION. $$$%Is x
Every family here ought to keep
some Diapepsin in the house, as any
one of you may have an attack of i'll
digestion or stomach trouble at any
time, day or night.
The harmless preparation will di.
gest anything you eat and overcome 4
sour stomach five minutes after
wards.
|, II your meals don't tempt you, or
what little you eat seems to fill you,
or lies like lump of. lead in your
stomach, or if you have heartburn.
that is a sign of indigestion.
Ask your pharmacist for a 50-:en:
case of Pape's Diapepsin and tax, one
trlangule after supper tonight There
will be no sour risings, no belching
of undigested food mixed with acid,
no stomach gas or heartburn, ful!ress
or heavy feeling in the stomach, nau-
sea, facilitating headaches, dizziness,
or intestinal gripping. This vii! a.:
20, and, besides, there will be no
sour food left over in the stomach to
poison your breath with nauseous Cd
ors.
Pape's Diapepsin is certain cure
for all stomach misery, because 1t
will take hold of your food and d.
gest it just the same as If your stonl'
ach wasn't there.
Actual, prompt relief for all yo'r
stomach misery is at your pharmacist
waiting for you.
These large 50-cent cases contain
mora than sufficient to cure a case
Of dyspepsia or indigestion.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
Tins First impression.

e. .t. .g,- 1.
KEN. Tins First impression.
Little Tim had never enjoyed .
glimpse Of the country. All his lit
tie life had bsen passed among the
crooked courts Of : great city. One
day the teacher took him out for : 4
jaunt In the woodlands. ~ -
!. Tim, she. said, impressively, -
they stood on the crest Of . hill. lis.
1T that ] beautiful sunset! Just look
at the greats yellow orb surrounded
~ the white feecy clouds
Tim Eazed at the beautiful picture
Tor few moments and then answer.
Cd: 5.S. quo q sss E#@ \
:. "Yessum. It looks exactly like .
fried egg" ... ,S..-5. y. - j IL ]
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
For Sale.

Complete candy making outfit, mar
BILE slabs, etc., power ice cream freez-
er, white enameled store partitions
set with French plate mirrors; shelly:
ing; show cases: soda fountain that
cost $1,000 six years ago; soda foun-
tain glassware and everything re-
Quired for first class confectionery
store. Now located at Bismarck, N
D., in storage. Terms to suit pur
chaser. For particulars and photo
graphs of fountain and fixtures set -ul
write s.4 ="
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK,
Crookston, MINI
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
Maine Sexton for IS Yea ..

After sixty-six consecutive years
service Obed w. Russell has resigned
40 sexton of the Union church in the
town Of Phillips, and he is probably
the dean Of Maine Sections. And for
Ill these services he has never &C.
cepted cent in payment.
All the old Phillips families Of HIS
dme have been greeted by the sound
Of the bell rung by Mr.. Russell's
steady hand. and when the last scene
Of all came It was Mr.. Russell who
sounded the mell. In those days there
was Z custom to signalize the depart
uro OF each member Of the church BY
telling the bell at intervals Of about
thirty seconds to the number Of the
doparted's years, and on many occar
sions Mr.. Russell has been called
from his warm bed to climb the steos
pie In an sorts Of weather.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30

COAL am selling the famous
White Ash Coal. Phone your Or
ders and get prompt delivery. A.
F. Marquett, agent. Phone "a. Of
fee, 1923 Fourth street.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30

: Duluth, Mimi, Jan. 29-C1ose wheat
Il harr 1.OSA, arrive 1 northern 1.07
", 2 northern 1861, on track 1 north.
ern 1.07A, 2 northern 1.05A, May 1.07
u. July 1.07H. 4
Durum-On track No. /, SO, No. 2,
81, May SO, July 9311h. ,-,.,.~>- 4: h
Flax-To arrive 1.57h, On track
1.57h, May 1.571s, July 1.57h, y
,Oats-To arrive 49h, on track 4s
u. =
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
Continuous Performance.

~Why have you quit work?'
II Just put in twenty minutes saw.
lne wood" replied the actor who had
hired out on the farm.
= = well, you amt in vaudeville. Yours
playing In the lsgit now" z35%@4 n
IL He elderly and rich)-Don't you
think, Miss Flighty. that you can learn
TO love mo Shells going to coSe
you q good deal for my education. nd.
-Bostons Transcript. q ID Il VI
He thought he would be shrewd "
And wed for money; ~ IN u =
Well, now he is beshrewed- 7 #fS&
10 that not funny? &
- sa Philadelphia Press.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
A. Cure for Misery.

II have found a cure for the mis-
cry malaria poison produces" says
r. M. James, of Louellan, s. C. TITS
called Electric Bftters, and comes In
sec bottles. It breaks up a case Of
chills or bilious attack in almost
no time: and it puts yellow jaundice
clean out Of commission" This great
tonic medicine and blood purifier
gives quick relief in all stomach, Nv
.er and kidney complaints and the
misery Of lame back. Sold under
guarantee at Beardsley & Finney's
drug store. u s4.1 : : 5ss$.5
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30

:. SITUATIONS WANTED-MALE
WANTED for boy. Of Is;
good morals. To do chores for his
board and go to school. Address
w, care Tribune Office,
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
An Old story.

- An Old Story.
The candidate will soon come forth.
And shake you
BY the hand. - p
East, west and south and north
He'll take you
$40 BY the hand.
! ,. -.
Then with q spanking team he'll come
And to the polls
He'll take you. -;
And when election week, by gum
:, ~! =. IT. cycle rolls C. So -,
He'll shake v~ss' ..
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
A hioher Health Level.

'"I have reached a higher health
level since I began using DR.. Kings
New Life Pills." writes Jacob Spring
er, of West Franklin, Maine. *'They
keep my stomach, liver and bowels
working just right" If these pills
disappoint you on trial, money will
be refunded at Beardsley & Finney's
drug store.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
MON EY.

New York, N. Y, Jan. 29.-Money
on call steady, TX to percent, ruling
rate 2 percent, closing bid ~ percent,
offered at 2 percent. s
Time loans dull and heavy, 60 days
2 toh percent, 80 days 2A to ~ per-
~
cent, six months 3 percent. j
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
&. Easy.

H., IL. = -. Easy. ~
Z; Little Wife-Granddad. what makes
( man always give . woman . 'dia-
mond engagement ring?
4 0randfather-The woman. ss2s la
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30

q q 80 80 49, $$@$
q Dunraven Place. ~. =
q A new and modern boarding 3
= house, where the comforts OF .
> home will be found. 212 Third =
q street. - ), :, n. ..,>4, ,.fs..s
***$********** 49,
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30

St. Paul, Mimi, jan. 29.-Cattle- = y
Receipts 400; steady and unchanged.
Trade hampered by storm. " 4 !, .,s sEs II: Il
Hogs-Receipts 1000; S to 10 high
~er. Range $40. to 6.15, bulk $50 to
$50. $50. .'' '.'~ @S
Sheep-Receipts $500; steady and
unchanged, lambs steady, 800 to 7.25.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
For safe.

Bunch Of Is horses and 18 colts.
Well bred; from yearlings to six
years old. ~ mares in lot: all mares
bred to registered Percheron stallion.
For further information inquire of
VIM. Bohm. Box 116, Mandan, N. D.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30

Minneapolis, Mimi, Jan. 29.-Close
wheat northern 1.09s to y, arrive
LOGS, 2 northern LOTS to 1.0777s,
arrive LOFTS, 8 northern 1.04% to
LOGS. y
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
| ! H Markets k; !: Is
STOCK.

Chicago, Ill.,, Jan. s29.-Cattle-Re-
'ceipts 1000; market steady Steers
400 to TOO, cows 800 to $50, heifers
800 to SITS, bulls $40 to 800, calves
$50. to 800, stockers and feeders ESQ
to $40. 81 'E5. > sS ~
Hogs Receipts 1900; market 10
to rs higher. Choice heavy shipping
$50 to $50, butchers $40 to 6.55,
light mixed 600 to 6.15, choice light
e.15; to e.25, packing $40 to $50, pigs
ATS to $50, bulk of sales 6.15 to Gas.
sheep-Receipts 5000; market
steady; Sheep :4.25 to $50, lambs $50
to IT'S, yearlings 500 to 6.s5. sz*:, 81 81
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30

Have You Notieed3
Most politicians are 'iron mem"
You'll notice about the town;
And that's@why they look 90 rusty
when =.
The party throws them down. =
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
GRAINS.

GRAINS. Il ~, ... -, I'D. s. 81
Chicago, Ill.,, Jan. 2s.-Close wheat
May 1.o7h to y July s75s, septem.
Der 947s, December 95h. -. 4 4
Corn-January 5sA, May e2%, July
62#, September 62A to H.. ..ssz. !.
Oats-May 81, July 469s, September
$685.. Il
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
! MALE WANTED.
BLACK DIAMOND COAL.

BLACK DIAMOND COALITION
the famous satterlund mine-can now
be had in Bismarck by 'phoning John
Larson at the Dakota Lumber COM
pany Offices. The best coal on the
market; greatest units Of heat: Try
It. ;##r. .@&as n, ~ =
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30

$500 will guarantee income Of $500
Is yearly. Bank references required In
reply. The A. A. Company, COZ EN-
s$pire building, Denver, Co.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30

!, S> Good Beef.
Logan has some good beef he il
selling by the chunk very cheap.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
rha. cry plrector,

The City Directory VI
ID on sale ct the Bismarck Station
cry Co.'S on Firth street. The price
is $1.50 and there are only i few left.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
lleed o oI,,IoesI

s55 Uood 10 oluoeoes y s
while ~ Vermont I had some pure
unplo 1yFAl ss 5s
What Of that p se: FRI 8
II think could learn to like II, onco
I became accustomed 70 4.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
!. Il Does the Business.

Mr.. e. p Chamberlain, Of Clinton,
Maine, says Of Bucklin's Arnica
salve, It does the business; have
used 1t for piles and It cured them.
Used It for chapped hands and II
cured them. Applied It on an old sore
and It healed It without leaving 4
scar behind s csc, at Beardsley Z
Finney's drug store
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30

Parcel and baggage delivery. Maher
Dray Line. Phone 423.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30

New ladies' Oxforsis and chfldren's
shoes and Qxfords are now being
shown II Webb Brothers.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
FOR.sALE- House, rooms, new and
strictly modern. Good location. Ad.
= dress p. O. Box 316.s .

FOR SALE New modern house. Elk:
cellent location. Will accept part
cash balance monthly payments.
Up. o.. Box ssO1, Phone 40. II.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30
! POPULAR WANTS
WORD
wANTED-Mtsc ELLANEous,
WANTED Laundry, sponging and ms
pressing, at 312, corner srd and
q Broadway. Satisfaction guaranteed

WANTED-Plains sewing done at 319
aaBMandanA avenue. ! fa,<,s -. ..~:.;Y :;
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-01-30

FOR SALE milk and separator
+. cream at .122, First street. Phone
1856. 4. IA; 4 ID >.5.... 3',. ~.
The Washington herald., 1909-02-14
PANAMA CANAL PROBLEM.
Why the Lock scheme Il Superior
20 Open waterwax.

From .bs St. Loais Republic.
These who have given more than super
hical study 70 the canal problem know
that such a thing az an absolutely open
cut from ocean to ocean. without any
lock. Is practically impossible There Is
q difference IN the water level or the two
oceans Of about twelve feet, and this can
only be overcome by building a lock.
which would. therefore. be necessitated as
a feature Of the Pacific coast end Of the
canal. in any event. but this is a rela-
lively subordinate feature in determining
the comparative value OF the two types
Of canal Other more important factors
dictated and justified adoption Of the lock
plan.
The time It would take to complete the
work and the cost Of construction were
very properly classed as important fac
tors. The enterprise will cost less money
and VIII be sooner finished by the plan
adopted than could possibly have been
the case II the canal had been cut 70 the
level Of the Atlantic Ocean Instead OF
being eighty-hye feet higher. But more
important even than these considerations
is the fact that ships win take about
eight days in transit across the isthmus
n the lock canal. and would have re-
Quired ten days 10 navigate sea-Ievel
canal
This advantage Of time follows from
the fact that most Of the distance is
traversed N two great artificial lakes. in
which steamships may move at a speed
impossible within the waII-confined
stretch OF a legitimate canal The Pan
ANA ClEal the United States Is building
is a canal IN fact for less than oae-third
OF its length.