davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-08-07
o @ @ @ O @ @ O o @ @ O G @ c
THE BUSINESS MAN WHO
DOES NOT ADVERTISE.

9 The business man who does 9
& not advertise simply because q
o his grandfather did not, should o
. wear knee breeches and queue. G
. The business man who does not g
. advertise because it costs money, g
> should quit paying salaries for g
& the same reason. @
. The business man who does g
. advertise but who insists on .
9 cheap space. should wear blue g
9 jeans overalls because they are q
= cheaper than tailor-ma le cloth @
@ ing.
. The business man who does .
. not advertise because he cannot Q
9 know absolutely that 1t is going @
. to pay, should commit suicide 9
. TO avoid being killed by an ac- 9
o cdent. q
9 The business man who does g
. not advertise because he don't q
. know how himself, should stop O
. eating because he can't cook. O
q The business man who does O
@ not advertise because he tried G
o It once and failed, should throw O
Q away his cigar because the light q
Q went out. O
. The business man who does O
0 not advertise because someone O
o said II did not pay, should not 6
Q believe the world IS round be- O
o cause the ancients said Il was G
. flat @
o @
o O O @ @ @ o O G o O O o O 0
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-08-07
statesmen WANTED

S~~N~S~-~r~~~se~>~~~~~~~~ ~~~~>~~~~s~~~~~~~~S~~N~~~
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. salesman to
cover Oklahoma. with staple line
High commissions with liberal week
l. advance for expenses. Permanent
position to right man L. II Drake,
Asst Supt, Detroit, Mich
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-08-07
TOWEL SUPPLY.


~>~~~>>>~~~~-~~~~~~~~-~ ~~-~~~~~~-~-~~~~~~~~~-~
J. ID CRAYS. Proprietor.
Towels and Aprons of an kinds fur
nished at Yery reasonable rates. S..
me before you buy j. d Crays.
PHONE NO. 6t0.
oklahoma State Manual
The Oklahoma State Manual fo'
1909 is now ready u is an encyclo
pedia Of statistical information. Give.
names Of ali the state and county Of
ficers, their postoffice addresses
county, judicial, congressional and
senatorial districts. names and ad
dress Of members of Constitutions
Convention; first and second legisla
ture, population. wealth of state am
a hundltd other items of interest an'
value. Price 75c. Address Leade
Printing Company, Guthrie, Okla.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-08-07
EoR RrNr

rOR RENT Furnished house. from
July ] 10 November ]. 20 man and
Wife. 407 r. Washington. Phone
ll27.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-08-07
HELP WANTEo-FEMALE

WANTED-A bright hustlng lady SO
ncitor to travel. gooi proposition to
the righ' party. Address Guthrie
Daily Leader. circulation department
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-08-07

o O O O o O o o O o O . - : Q c
o FOR SALE-Mail boxes; approx o
q ed by pOstoftlce department. =
Q Leader office. n. O
o 90 90 DO O @ o o O o o o o
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-08-07
AGENTS WANTED

AGENTS WANTED-New sieve
strainer and splash preventer; sold
to agents at prices that def compe-
titiCn, sample mailed free, 81 so
daily easily made Write and let us
prove it. Seed Filter Mfg. Co., New
York.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-08-07

SANTA FE
East Bound
EASTERN OKLAHOMA

East Bound
No 400 Ar. .............. 1915 am.
No. 4l8 Ly. (eXx Sunday $3.50 am.
West Bound
No 410 Lv. ............. 500 pm.
No 4l7 Ar lex. Sunday) :. 2:l0 pm.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-08-07
LADY WANTED

10 Introduce our large ana com
pleta Fail line Of beautiful wool
dress goods. silks ana fancy waist
ngs The latest up TO date New
York City patterns. Hanisomest
line cf materials ON the market
Dealing direct with DE mills YOU Will
find ous prices loW Profits $40 40
to $50 % weekly Samples ana full
Instructions packed i'm neat sample
case. shipped express prepaid No
money required Exclusive territory
WrJe fer particulars BE first 10 ap-
ply STANDARD Dress Goods Co.. Dept
rs RinghamtOn. A. Y.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-08-07

WANTED-Good boy, 16 to 20 years,
to learn bookbinders' trade Lib
eral contract Apply at once at
Leader office.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-08-07
FOR SALE
FoR SALE.

A 5room modern house on North
Broad good cellar, well. cistcrn. ce-
ment porches and walks. chicken
house anl yard, good shade. Price
s. 10000.
A fine property on West Noble
consisting of q 6rocm house mod
en. good cistern fruit stable. ON g
lots a corner. Price $500 Terms
A 7room modern house on North
Capital Boulevard furnace. gas. elec
tricity, cistern. Price $1,000. 30
A beautiful modern home on East
Noble, 8 rooms. A great bargain.
Desirable vacant lots in any part
of he city
INSURANCE.
We write: Fire, Tornado. Life ana
Accident Insurance.
M. w. GIBSON.
, 1909-07-24

The decision Of the Dor Board to in
clude the widening ~a1eepening of the
"Haul-over" channel in projected dredg-
ing works, as published he proceeding"
of its meeting, is propand will complete
after many years what avs seemed to US
to be an unfinished The opening
though made chiefly welieve for sanitary
reasons to allow a free net from the har-
bor-has been used as sort- cut by small
boats, but ia going thrd which, owing
to its narrowness and Ialowness, grent
care IS required 'to catche centre, while
its passage at night Is solFhut risky. Now
that the improvement ole channel is to
be made however, it may taken for grant
ed that it will be effactetn a manner that
will make it's passage ear and safe at al
times for the biggest hhg boats and 81
milar sailing craft. The In and material
for blasting the shoaI q to arrive tror
Copenhagen on a warsb.-St. 1homa
bulletin, @0Jt9y.
, 1909-07-24

to deport any such.e bandying about
of such expressions when caught the
trebng ought himseibs thrown into a
fire." could be omityith proprioty and
the community be better off for 1T.
Up to now we can loo,h horror and dis
gust upon the orgies nected with mob
and lynch law in otherds. Let US CON
tinue to do so; let US cue to boast that
We are law-abiding aorderly, since we
have a reputation alongse lines.-Ibjd.
, 1909-07-24

said the internal affairs of other coun-
tries do not concern England, and the a
bominable things which had been said upon
this subject could only be regarded as mau-
ifestations Of futile folly.
A Paris despatch says that NJ. Bourgeois
being still absent, Pre9identFalhAres has sum
moned NJ. BRAND, who is now considering
the reconstruction of NJ. Uemonceau's Ca
binet, and a more Radical administration
is expected, which will be distasteful to
the moniod classes, and the extremists will
also be dissatisfied.
The riots in Spain continue, loyal troops
have disarmed a mutinous battalion at Bar
celona. The reserves have been summoned,
Parliament is to be asked for further credits
and King AIfonso's visit to England has
been indefinitely postponed.
Washington July 23rd-Upon request the
State Department has authorised the United
States Ministers to take charge of the inter
ests of Bolivia and Argentina at their re-
bpective capitals. This is the first time
countries severing relations have placed
their affairs III the hands of the Unit
ed States. 1t is believed that Bolivia
and Peru will negotiate directly for a
modification Of the award. The incident
has caused President Alcorta to cancel his
consent TO arbifrate the boundary between
Bolivia and Paraguay.
The Verdi sailing today from New York
carries aight million dollars in gold for
Buenos Aires.
New York, July 23rd
Flour, Blended Clears per barre SIS
Meal, kilndried, per barrel 800
New Seasons Pork
Haauv Maao Do~lv 600 O01
S,uar Crystals per 100 lbs 1856
MuscovQdo 89otest l00ftv- 9.45-
N0Iasses Eng. Istds. per gal. no quotation.
Liverpool Cotto", Ioidd!ing Upland 6 1920
Exchange, New York&London so days sight
4.86
Exchange NewYork and london, sight 1879
London, July 23rd
Dem. Crystals las. 6a-15s. Sd
cu Muscovado, foating terms, in
US" Uond, los. 3d-l0s. Sd
German beet 88f. 0. b, los. Sd
Java Sugar 95oio Gibraltar or Channel tol
orders, floating terms. lis. AID.
Demorara Rum, Is 6d--1s. 74d.
Cocoa, Trinidad, good m%iddling Red, pr cwt
54s. q.
Cotton, medium Fine Stat Liverpool, nominal
Is. Id.
Bank Of England Rate Of discount p.
Consols 844
Three per cent. Rentes in Paris 81 IL
, 1909-07-24

The Danish steamer 81. Jan, Capt. Inge-
mann, winch arrived here on Friday from
London, made a record trip between ports
having made the run in u days 9 hours,
the shortest passage heretofore was fourteen
days so Captain Ingemann holds the
palm,-MajI Notes, JaIy 10.
, 1909-07-24

Another diabolical attempt to set fire in
the town was made yesterday afternoon in
the Atheneum. At about half-past one
o'clock someone passing up from the wharf
saw smoke coming out Of the building and it
was soon discovered that some miscreant
had been in one of the rooms, thrown oil
over a couple of shelves of books and start
ed a fire, Fortunately it was discovered 80
soon and suppressed. We hear that a
coolie man was jostled about or in some
way maltreated by the crowd which gather
cd about the place, some person or persons
having given out that he may be the frebug
in our midst. Come now, citizens, let us be
careful. Let the authorities look after the
matter Of suspects. They have tho power
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1909-05-16

Plant food is most abundant near the
top of the soil. 1t is there, say. in the
first six inches that the air. the rain,
the frost the fertilizers. have their
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1909-05-16

them also. And after the harrow has
been employed during the first few
years a small pillow may be used and
the top layer turned completely under
to become the feeding layer of the next
season. Flowing brings a new layer
of earth to the top, where ii also will
soon be converted into a layer similar
ly fertile. to be plowed under for the
succeeding year-a kind of rotation of
soil layers that is of the utmost adj
vantage to the trees. resulting in the
production of fine and abundant fruit.
a little deeper each year, thus bringing
into the fertilizing zone fresh materials
from the deeper earth strata.
The same conditions hold good in the
preparation of soils for any kind of
crops.
The depth to which the soil should
be prepared depends upon the depth to
which the plant roots viii penetrate.
Wheat. oats and other small grains are
shallow rooted and do not need so deep
a seed bed as corn or root crops.
Soils that have always been plOwed
shallow should De deepened gradually
by setting the pillow to go about one
inch deeper each season until depth
of eight or nine inches has been
reached. If this deepening is not done
gradually the soil will be injured and
poor crops viii result for several sea
sons.
Air in the Soil.
The authorities on soil matters esti-
mate that about oue-third of the total
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1909-05-16

strongest effects i'm preparing plant
food, because these are the soil regions
most accessible 10 these various agents
OF the changes that take place in the
disintegratiOn Of rock into soil and plant
food. The result is that the roots of
trees, developing fastest in the direc-
tions in which plant food is most abun-
dant, tend to come very near to the
outer surface of this top soil layer.
Here, when drought comes on, they
will suffer and shrivel from the heat
and the dryness of the air. which is
abundant in the spaces Of this loose
top layer.
Now. in cultivating this top layer,
say, by the use of a spike-toOthed har-
row, we cut off most Of the roots that
come too near the surface for their final
good, and thus send the roots a little
deeper into the soil. This result has
several great advantages: the feeding
roots go deeper and secure better pro-
lection against the summer and fall
heat, and these rOOts-they are the
smallest rootlets and are tipped with
innumerable fine hairs-are greatly
multiplied by being cut off, since theS
branch more prOfusely each time an
end is severed. But in going deeper,
they come into contact with a more per-
manent supply Of soil moisture. and it
is from soil moisture alone that plants
secure their food from the earth.
Dissolved in Soil Water.
Part of the food Of plants, as is well
known, is taken in by the leaves in the
form of carbon dioxid; the carbon is re-
tanned for the production Of starch,
sugar and vegetable fiber, while the
oxygen is breathed out again into the
atmosphere. But we are speaking here
only Of the mineral part of plant food
the part obtained from the soil: and
this part is taken in only when il has
been dissolved in the soil water.
II salt or sugar is placed in water il
quickly disappears; the water dissoIves
it-takes # into solution.
All the food that comes from the soil
must be in solution before it can be
used by the plant. The water that goes
IN Arough the roots passes out through
the leaves into the air and leaves the
plant food behind to build up the tissues
Of the plant.
What Cultivation Does.
Stirring the soil and breaking nm tbe
ciods brings the water into contact
with more soil surface and hastens the
solution of the plant food.
In the heavy soils the water passes
downward so slowly that plants in
their early growth send cut only very
shallow root system, because the free
water is so near the surface and be-
cause the common field plants VIII not
send their roots into free water. In
time the water makes its way far be-
low the roots of the plant: a drought
comes on, and the plant dies or shriveIs
because the root system in its early
4.f
the film water (that is, a thin water
coating on the soil grains). which
would supply it during the dry season.
When the top soil of orchards has
been cultivated from the first, the sur
face seeking roots have been contin-
ually cut off until the roots have per-
manently established themselves be-
low the harrow line. which is about
four inches below the surface. Weeds
start above the harrow line. so that
that surface cultivation gets rid of
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1909-05-16

Professor NOrtnrup spoke before the
nature classes at the university last
Monday on the care of the fruit or
chard. His lecture embraced more or
less OF the following topics:
Stirring Of the Soil.
The first point to be observed is that
the surface soil around fruit trees
should be stirred and regularly cult
waited during spring, summer and fall
What il aimed at is to rotate the top
layer Of soil by turning it under each
year to form the feeding layer for the
roots that seek the surface in search of
sufficient air heat, moisture and plant
food
For the feeding roots Of planted trees
come TO near the surface Of the soil;
they spread out in the upper layers Of
the soil. The roots that go downward
seek the soil water; those that come
near to the surface get most Of the
plant food. The top layer of earth is
the principal feeding layer for the
plant; and the object is to renew this
layer by turning il under every other
year in order that it may become the
feeding layer for the upper plant roots,
which. as stated. are the principal feed
ers. In other words, the work of soil
top layer % earth. which is about six
inches i'm depth, and which is the main
soil laboratory I'm which plant food is
prepared by the various natural agents
assisted by man.
TiIlsge and Cultivation.
The operations of tnlage and cuItiva-
ton consist simply Of loOsening and
stirring the soil. Tillage includes both
the preparation before planting and the
working Of the soil after the crop is
planted, while cultivation includes only
the stirring Of the soil after the crop
has been planted.
For moist soils 1t is best TO practice
deep tillage in the preparation Of the
seed bed and shallow cultivation after
the crop is planted. Deep tillage gives
the plants a large amount of room in
which to send their roots in search of
plant food. allows the soil To drink in
the rainfall more freely, and permits
the air to enter the soil and help in the
preparation of plant food. Shallow cul-
tivation checks the rapid loss of water
from its surface, kills weeds, and helps
10 admit air 10 the surface layer Of soil.
Plants are like animals in that they
must have food and drink or they soon
sicken and die. Animals can move
about from place TO place and secure
their food, but plants must get their
food and water by sending their roots
out into the soil. The tiny roots which
spread out through the soil are busy
all Of the time taking up water from the
soil for the use Of the stalk and leaves
above. This water. as il goes into the
plant through the roots. carries with it
the plant food which it has dissolved
out of the little sod particles.
The importance of these facts as ap-
piled 10 orchard tillage becomes more
evident when We consider the manner
in which the roots Of trees grow and the
gespeCtiye areas at which they chiefly
absorb nutrition and soil water
Region of Plant Food.
Plant food is most abundant near the
top of the soil. 1t is there, say. in the
first six inches. that the air. the rain,
the frost, the fertilizers. have their
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1909-05-16
THE SALT LAKE HERALD: SUNDAY. MAY 16 1909

deprive the plants Of needed moisture
In such cases it is necessary to treat
the land in such a way that its water
holding capacity is increased. This
may be done by blowing under stable
manure or any well rOtted vegetable
matter, which assists the soil TO hold
water like a sponge.
BY the time the cultivation reaches
a depth Of ten inches from the surface
every surfaoe-seeking root viii have
been cut of till it has branched and
multiplied enormously in the zone just
beneath the ten-inch line. These root
branches, with their innumerable root
lets and feeding tips, enable the tree
to increase many fold its feeding abil-
ity. and upon this depends very large
ly the vitality and fruit producing
power of the individual tree and of the
fruit orchard as a whole.
Let US note, then, the conclusion Of
the swhole matter; it viii pay, and pay
well, TO cultivate the ground of the
orchard lust as we do that of the veg
etables or field crops. The cultivation
should begin at the first and should
be continued as long as the orchard is
maintained.
Pruning the Trees.
Another branch of orchard culture
taken up by the professor was that Of
pruning the trees.
Orchard and shade trees should be
pruned (cut back heavily when first
set out, because the roots have always
been greatly reduced in the process Of
digging them out at the nursery. Roots
in their new (transplanteG) position are
not able to take up Immediately the
food and moisture with which they
come into contact; and, i'm order to
support the tree, the area of its top
branches must be even more severely
reduced than that of the roots has been,
because the food ard moisture. required
by the growing parts cannot be met so
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1909-05-16

successfully by a trausplanted tree az
bv one that is thoroughly established
in the soil.
The First Cutting Back.
All mutflated or dead roots should
first be removed by making clean cuts
Fruit trees will stand severe root prun-
ing: but evergreens will not, since tnelf
gummy sap congeals and smothers the
roots at every cut place
The branches of shade trees, other
than evergreens, are so trimmed as to
develop a compact head high above the
ground: while fruit trees are so trimmed
as to branch low and open so as to pre-
vent the shading of any branch by the
others. For this result the branches
should be left at equal distances along
the stem, evenly occupying the space
within a symmetrical outline.
THE Tower branch may be five OF six
feet from the turf line, the second
branch should be at an angle of 80 or
degrees from the first one, and several
inches above it rather than in the same
plane with it. The third branch may
be SIS or 90 degrees from the first, and
from four to eight inches above the sec
ond branch. '-COrbett.
If branches are left opposite each 9TH
er, they are likely to spit open when
weighted with fruit or with heavy
SHOWS The main branches should there
fore be three or five in number, rather
than two. The plant has a natural ten
dency to divide in twos, and this must
be prevented by pruning
The Later Pruning.
Apple and pear trees are made to
branch about three feet from the
ground, while peaches and plums are
headed at eighteen or twenty inches in
order to make harvesting easier and to
reduce the effects of winds and storms.
The fruit tree is pruned each year dur
ing the first ten years of its growth.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1909-05-16

The Knights of Columbus Minstrel
show, salt Lake theatre, May u.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1909-05-16
To Hold the Soil Water.

condition most prevalent IN the soils
of our state, soils that are quite sandy
and gravelly may allow the water to
pass downward too rapidly and thus
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1909-05-16

space occupied by sand and about one
half of that taken up by clay is occu-
pied by the soil particles themselves
and the other half is taken up by air.
if the soil be dry. For the best growth
of crops about half Of the space not
occupied by soil should be equally di-
vided between air and water. This is
because the roots, as well as the
leaves, must have air-plenty OF oxy-
gen-since they must breathe. IF the
soil is not drained this space becomes
entirely filed with water. and the
plants whose roots are feeding in the
soil are -suffocated from lack of air
and oxygen. Some plants, such as the
cypress and water lily. have special
structures which enable them to OBJ
tain their oxygen from the air and wa
ter while their roots are entirely under
water but our common field plants do
not have this power and must not be
covered in the free water of the soil
The only water that is taken in by
plant roots is the thin film-the capil-
larry mOisture-that adheres closely to
each soil grain. Free water which
fills the spaces between the soil
grains, literally browns the plants by
cutting off the air and oxygen from
the breathing pores of the roots.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1909-05-16
When to Prune.

with most OrcnardiSts and 1ara..
ers pruning can best be done d-,-f--
the winter or early spring montHe lug
where the object is the removal of $50,
branches this season is uudorbt.5-.
quite as satisfactory as any Other
fact, pruning during late spring sb..--.
the time OF just previous to the bg-5-
ming Of growth. is particularly a5,s-
tageOus with the peach. because at +L..
season, as rule. all injury TO the s-
nual growth from winter killing win t--
apparent and the primer can take s=
vantage Of this 10 remove all dead --
injured branches and at the same +i---
modify his plan so as TO leave a r-s..
mum quantity of wood iu order ta p.
cure a profitable crop of fruit vbf.,
might not be possible were the rersi
practice of removing Oue-ha1f tho any
nual growth followed in such szzs9rs
With the apple and pear. which sua,-
less from winter killing. the arrr-1
pruning can as well be done ir Fab-,-
airy or March, i'm the north. as az sr-
other season. With the grape. hqv-rrg-
which is likely to produce q heavy Co.,
Of sap If the pruning is DELAYED mtr
late in the season, it is uud7rbfafr-
best TO do the pruning during the rsts
fall and early winter months AM
substance which is not corrosive or def
Timental to growth which viii rrors--
the hesrtwoOd from the attacks Of r,+
spores will prove q satisfactory ro,.er
ing for a cut surface. Among sr.l
substances may be mentioned v-ri.s
lead, yellow ocher, coal tar and graffir-
wax. '-COrbett, United States Dens-t-
ment OF Agriculture.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1909-05-16
WESTERN NATURE STUDIES
BY }. Il. PAUL.

THE TILLAGE AND PRUNING OF ORCHARD TREES.