davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1909-09-16

ago. In the famous parish of Cripple
gate. where Cromwell was married and
Milton lies buried. Daniel Foe was
born. his father being a butcher Daniel
adopted the de" to his name.
The family were strong dissenters
and Daniel was sent to an academy at
Stoke Newington and educated among
the nonconformists to be minister.
Not feeling himself fitted for this call
ing, he began to write. But he turned
aside for brief period to take part
in the rebellion against James ii, and
was in the service of the duke of Mon
mouth He then went into various
business enterprises, but was rather
unfortunate Then came a period of
public service under William III. who
showed much interest in him, and
whom Defoe called 1.-THE glorious and
immortal king"
All this while he was writing books,
essays and pamphlets: but he sprang
into fame through a satire he wrote
called The True-Bor Englishman."
1t was a work of verse, and the sub
ject was the irony in the objection to
William as a foreigner, and the claim
for pure English blood in nation that
was crossed with nearly all races in
Europe.
After King Williams death one of
his pamphlets, 1.-The Shortest Way
With the Dissenters." threw him into
purison for long time, till Queen
Anne released him and gave him mate
rial aid
When he was So years old he began
on another line of writing, and when
he was So the first volume of his Rob-
inson Crusoe appeared. Four editions
were sold in four months. Then came
the second volume, and a year after
the third volume was published, called
Serious Reflections" This volume is
a series of ideas on morals and relig-
ion and is hardly a part, in any way,
of the Crusoe story, and is rarely
published.
With a book so popular it was nat
ural that stories should at once cir
culate as to the foundation of the tale
One of these was that it was really
taken from the papers of Alexander
Selkirl. the Scotch sailor who was put
on shore at Juan Fernandez island, af-
ter a quarrel with his captain, and who
remained there four yers.
In the years following Defoe did
tremendous amount of literary work,
much of it excellent He covered a
variety of ground. from fiction to his
tory and travel Sir Walter Scott
thought his Robinson Crusoe" the
most widely read and universally adj
mired book in the English language.
He published 21O works in his busy
life
He had manw unfortunate business
experiences, and said of himself:
No man has tasted differing fortunes
more,
And thirteen times l have been rich
and poor.
Defoe is buried in Bunhill Fields
cemetery, London, opposite the house
and church of John Wesley. This GEM
etery occupies the site of the great
February pit, into which bodies were
The monument above his grave was
erected by the contributions of school
children in England, to whom he had
given so much pleasure by his famous
life of Crusoe.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1909-09-16
Italians Arrested.

ROME, Sept 16.-Commander Bor-
saline, of the Italian navy, and two
Austria today, following a daring bal
loon flight of hundred miles from
Venice. There are no details but it is
believed the men are charged with
being military spies.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1909-09-16

terday they failed to elect a sue
cessor to fill the vacancy on the board
caused by the death of Hartman. 1t
is belived his successor will be named
at the next meeting.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1909-09-16
BIOGRAPHICAL CALENDAR
September 16
DANIEL DEFOE.

Daniel Defoe. whose great tale of
adventure, Robinson Crusoe," gave
to the world an immortal character in
fiction. was born in London 24s years
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1909-09-16
No Elector.

NEW YORK, Sept. 16.-Although the
New oYrli Central directors met yes
New-York tribune., 1909-01-24

fort committee the exact places where his per
sonal tastes and pocketbook can be humoTed For
many days before the date of the big show the
patient members of the public comfort committee
are in conference with bonlfacss. boarding house
keepers and private householders The hotel man.
age- who offer five hundred at s.
a day receives more courtesy than the lone
widow who to list her hall bedroom for 81
in fact, IT is safe say the hall bedroom repre-
sents worry and work the part OF the
busy committeeman. for the woman who owns il
is generally very particular to state at length just
what sort of person she will take and what sort
she will receive under any conditions. and the
the desk must take down all the details
she will not allow her house go the list
Just previous to the last Inauguration a commit
tee on historic sites was appointed and the result
OF it's labors IN putting up attractive tablets all
over Washington was SO we'll received that it's
work viii be duplicated this year Scarcely city
block be found in the capital that has
tached to it some interesting historic association.
and much of the pleasure of many visitors Is de-
rived from viewing the places tenanted by
the heroic figures OF history.
The of the thousands OF soldiers miIitiamen
and marching clubs that come to swell the IN
augural parade is always one of the gravest
problems TO be handled by. the committees. The
marchers must be fed and housed and entertained
IL they moi treated pretty we'll they are likely
treat themselves. Members OF the committees
that oficiated at the Mckinley inauguration in
1901 stiII shudder at the recollection Of the way-
militia boys from Pennsylvania, who came in
great strength, were perhaps the NEST frolicsome
of the lot Several thousand were uuartered in
the War State and Navy Building, and the way
in which they trough housed that beautiful
structure caution. They carved their In
taIs on the pretty doors. removed the bronze door
knobs and played ball with them. and broke as
many panes of glass as they could find when their
superior officers not looking Between times
they sailed forth 10 raid banana carts and pie
wagons.
On of the way TO and from Washington many OF
the troopers from Pennsylvania and elsewhere
found congenial sport in defaeing the woodwork
of the parlor and sleeping The states from
which the riotous soldiers hailed received bills In
due time and paid for the damage. Last Inaugural
ton the merry marchers not so much given
to enjoyment at the expense of property and the
inaugural committee devouty hopes that they will
be still their good behavior next March MANY
of the troops will be quartered in the government
buildings. and thousands viii bring their tents and
pitch them in desirable locations about the district
The great ellpse south OF the White House will he
filed with the snowy houses of shelter and evep
the market spaces. with which Washington is well
New-York tribune., 1909-01-24

by his step-brother Peter the Great Peter was
twice married His first wife Empress Eudoxia,
was a lady OF noble BIRTH whom he divorced.
while the son she bore him was put to death
for treason. some say by Peters own hand. This
son had married Charlotte, Princess OF Bruins
Wolfenbuttel. She. after giving birth to q
son (who eventually succeeded to the throne as
Peter ID. was officially announced to have sue
cumbed to a sudden Illness but is known to
have escaped TO America with German officer
in the service of her father-in-law and TO have
spent the remaining years OF her life III peace
and happiness in Louisiana. she and her second
and German husband finding their last resting
place not far from New Orleans.
Peter the Great after the dissolution of his
marriage with the Empress Eudoxia, thereupon
married Catherine, who, born of peasant parents
had been a chambernaid at a village inn and
had lived under the protection Of several officers
including Colonel Cheremetieff and General
Menchikoff. before she aroused the admiration
and won the heart, the hand and the crown of
the Emperor. When he died she reigned in his
stead for several years. On her death her hus-
bands grandson-that is to say. the son OF the
Princess Of Brunswick -Wolfenbuttel. who had
fed 10 America-succeeded to the throne, reign
ing for three years as Peter II He was fol-
lowed in turn by the Empress Anna. niece of
Peter the Great and one of the two daughters
of his elder brother and predecessor. Ivan V.
Anna died unmarried after ten years reign.
darkened for Russia by the domination eXer-
cised over her by her low born Courland favor
ite Biron, founder Of the now princely and ducal
house Of that name.
It was that he might be Regent after her
death that she bequeathed the TO Ivan
VI infant son Of her sisters daughter Anna,
Duchess of Brunswick. The boy reigned only
few months, being deposed by a revolution
which placed upon the throne Elizabeth, the
younger Of the two daughters of Peter the Great
by Empress Catherine. Elizabeth, who prompt
ly consigned Biron TO Siberia and young En-
peror Ivan with his mother TO Archangel
reigned twenty y-two years. and on dying left her
throne to her sister Annals son. Peter. Duke of
Holstein- -Gottorp. who succeeded Peter Ill
This Peter married Princess Catherine OF An
halt Six months after his accession he
deposed by his wife with the assistance OF her
favorites. the Orloffs. who few weeks later
New-York tribune., 1909-01-24

obligingly transformed her into widow the
death of her husband being soon followed by the
removal of Emperor Ivan VI, who since his
deposition by Empress Elizabeth had been con-
fined as a prisoner of state in that gloomy
stronghold of Schusselberg. Catherine relgned
from 1862 to 1896 Two children were born to
her during her marriage to Peter III prior 10 his
accession. One OF them, Princess Anna. sub
sequentIy became the first Queen of Holland
The other, boy, succeeded his mother as En-
peror Paul and was the father of Alexander !
and of Nicholas I of Russia
CROWNS GAINED THROUGH MOTHERS.
If l have endeavored to set forth here the de
scent of the crown it is because there has been
so much confusion. owing to q similarity OF
names and to princes and prncesses succeeding
one another out of their proper order, that even
Russians themselves are often found TO be at
sea in the matter. Perhaps the best indication
of the ignorance which prevails in the domtn-
ions of the Car concerning his house is the fire.
quent remark that there many families
among the Muscovite aristoCraCy who can boast
of more illustrious lineage than the Roman
New-York tribune., 1909-01-24

nations. It falls the lot of the reception
committee to be at the station to meet the Gov
ernors of the states and other distinguished visi-
tors when they reach thue capital. and SO long as
such notable guests are in the city their comfort
must be provided for with the greatest OF
II Governor Farwest wants TO ride around the
capital with his family staff the reception
committee must get him carriages automo-
bles; If he expresses desire to go the theatre,
the reception committee bustles out and gets him
choice seats; If he wants to know If his old school
boy chum Colonel Downsouth is in town the
ceptlon committee gets busy and searches the
hotels and boarding houses until the colonel IS
found, Every Governor has some member of the
reception committee constantly at his beck and
call, and If he does not enjoy himself while at
tending the inauguration he is hard TO please.
The legislation committees chief duty year
after year has been to Jolly Congress into pass
ing bill allowing the of the Pension Building
for the ball. Each year until the present it has
succeeded in this mission. but four years ago when
Congress showed inclination TO be churish I'm
the and refuse the of the only available
big hall I'm the city. the arranging for the
Inauguration CT MIR Roosevelt promised that 1t
would be the very last time the favor would be
asked. BY the year 1909, the inaugural committee
asserted very hopefully and very emphatically the
business men of Washington would have splen-
did and eommodous auditorium of their own.
Now that promise has come back to haunt Mr..
Stewagen and his assistants Washington has
'hne big auditorium ready for four-year hop.
Soon after the last inauguration was over an
auditorium project launched but for some
other it did not voyage very far.
The committee on transportation Is another one
that Is successful in direct ratio TO It's "blarney-
ing abilities Its Office is to wheedle the big rail-
road organizations into making rock bottom round
trip, stop-over rates for the travelling public dur
ing the latter part of February and the first few
days of March. If railroad rates To Washingtc:.
high in Inauguration time. the attending crowd
will be small; IL they low, the visitors VIII
pack the hotels and boarding houses until cots IN
the halls and the doorsteps worth a dollar
a look. Four years ago most of the railroads made
exceptionally favorable rates visitors coming from
all parts Of the United States for about one fare
for the round trip.
Perhaps the busiest committee of the entire lot
is that of public comfort. The men composing this
overworked end of the big job get up list of ali
the hotels roomng and boarding houses and pri-
vate homes that will offer accommodations to
strangers for inaugural week. The rates they will
charge, the number OF persons they can accom-
modate and all the facts relating to the style OF
cheer they will promise carefully tabulated
When the stranger gets within the gates. there
fore. he find by application to the public COM
New-York tribune., 1909-01-24
RAGING PIGEONS.

The Chicago poultry show VIII have large NUM-
bers OF the racing pigeons to delight fanciers TINS
little known sport a fascinating subject. and is
the object OF half dozen clubs Of Chicago Every
summer varying in length from one hundred
to one thousand miles held, and the competi-
ton between the breeds at this years show will
be keen.
the strongest of all pigeons They cover hundreds
of miles a speed faster than express trains.
A mile minute is not unusual in hundred
and two hundred mile races. Stops necessary
longer Journeys for rest and food. the pigeon
cannot keep up this average, but amazing rcords
made. For the shorter young pigeons
used, and older for the endurance tests.
Each OF the clubs holds average of one race
week. PRICES sweepstakes, with bets the
side by owners Of the birds No attention has been
paid the sport by officers of law and 1t is per-
haps the only betting sport openly conducted IN
Chicago. The stakes high. and sus-
picon OF dishonesty enters into tho contests, The
winners receive enough to defray expenses and the
pleasure of vel! earned victory rs their chief
award.
When club announces race the entries each
marked with a registered number the silver
band about the right leg, taken in specially de-
signed baskets to the starting point. The starter,
who is provided with stop watch. releases the
birds at the same instant and takes train to Chi
cago Nashville. Tenn, is fsvorite starting point
Indiana for lG0 and 200 mile dashes- Usually the
pigeons beat the starter home.
At the home loft of each racer is clock with
slot into which the registered band OF the racer is
dropped by the owner as soon as the bird returns.
and the clock stops when the band is pushed
through the slot. thus marking the exact moment
at which the racer arrives The pigeon having the
declared winner.
Winners are given certificates and may thereafter
awards special prizes for winners ail Distances
Chicago Tribune.
New-York tribune., 1909-01-24

offs, the impression being thus conveyed that
the dynasty which now regns at St Petersburg
unknown prior to Peter the Great. or at
the very most, previous to Gear Michael Ro-
MANOR. But If Michael Romanoff was elected
in Moscow by the boyars to be their ruler IN
1913, it was as l have shown above, mainly on
account of his lineage being not only superior
to, but more imperial than, that of any OF the
candidates or Of those taking part in the elec-
Iion.
Not one of them could show direct de-
scent from Rurik. the founder of monarchy In
Russia, and from the last Christian rulers OF the
Eastern Empire who reigned at .Constantinope.
OF course. 1t may be urged that Nicholas ii is
descended only from Rurik and from the By
zantine cmperors Of Constantinopie par les
femmes'-that is. on the distaff side. This
might even be asserted Of his descent from
Peter the Great. But there is hardly a reign
ing family in Europe which is not similarly
situated. Thus, the House OF Hapsburg became
extinct in the male line with Charles VI, the
father of the Empress Maria Theresa, and
Francis Joseph. the present ruler OF the Dual
New-York tribune., 1909-01-24

the playing Of the bands the pageant of marching
soldiers, the ball in the Pension Building and the
gathering Of distinguished visitors from all over
the world not at all necessary to the installa-
ton of the Executive They all help make the
show worth seeing, however and each return of the
quadrennal March finds the officials in charge of
the arrangements outdoing their predecessors-fnd
them giving the visitors a bigger show than ever
for their money.
In the first place. the who manages the
spectacle, who starts the wheels going and keeps
them moving until the new President is planted
firmly in the White House. is generally a plain
everyday business man of Washington city He
is appointed by the Chairman of the National Com
mittee-Republican Democratic the case hap
pens TO be-who in turn was the campaign manager
OF the new President This time Frank II. Hitch
cock. who managed the campaign that lifted Mr.
Taft out of the War Department and put him into
the White House. held few conferences with him
self and decided that Mr.. Stellwagen was just
about the best man in Washington for the place OF
inaugural chairman In making the selection,
which was announced November "A, Mr. Hitch
cock undoubtedly consulted the President-elect and
the business men of the capital, but far as the
face Of the returns show he solely responsible
for Mr.. Stelwagen's appointment
Chairman Stellwagen is peculiarly fitted for the
duties of the inaugural charmanship, for he
served treasurer Of the committee four wears
ago, when Mr.. Roosevelt formally indicted
into office. and has had a wide experience in
managing large financial enterprises. He has been
closely identified With many public movements and
is regarded as one OF the most substantial busl-
ness men of the capital. Soon after receiving
his appointment Mr.. Stellwagen announced the
selection of an advisory committee of three in the
persons OF General John NJ. Wilson retired), John
Joy Edison and Charles J. Bell. General Wilson
was the Roosevelt inaugural chairman four wears
ago; Mr. Edison discharged the duties four years
before that, at President McKinley's second in
auguratlon and Mr.. Bell was the chairman twelve
years ago, when President Mckinley succeeded
President Cleveland. The experience they gained
on those occasions is proving of great value to
Mr.. Stellwagen this year. With their help the
various committees were made up and the
actual work of preparing for the inauguration
started.
The comprehensive scope OF the work now 60
ing rapidly and surely may be imagined
when Is told that there are committees on
finance expenditures, reception. legislation press
printing, souvenirs and tickets, medals and
badges, transportation. public comfort public
order. military organizations. civic organza-
t.ons, reviewing stands street decorations illu-
minations fireworks. music. ballroom decora-
tions, comfort at ball. floor. supper carriages
and auditing. The duties devolving upon most
of these committees are apparent from their desig
New-York tribune., 1909-01-24

Monarchy, is only Hapsburg through woman
King Edward. too, derives his throne OF Great
Britain through his mother. while the only con-
nection Of the House of. Hanover, to which she
belonged, with the Stuart. the Tudor and the
Plaptagenet dynasties. which had In turn
reigned over England, through the distan
side The Kings OF Portugal and Of Spain owe
their crowns to women instead OF male an
cestors, and one can Just as we'll deny that En-
peror Francis Joseph is a Hapsburg and the
King of Portugal Braganza as te contend that
Nicholas III Of Russia Is neither 2omanoff no.
q descendant from Rurik and the Greek en-
perors of Constantinople.
If Is fitting on the whole. that Russia should
celebrate the tercentenary OF Michael Romanoffs
election to the throne OF Russia by a great in
ternationaI exhibition at Moscow. for the nation
owes a great debt to the Romanoffs-a fact
which is too often overlooked In the dayswhen
Jamestown and other American cities were
founded Russia was still stepped in the worst
forms Of Oriental barbarism. and she remained
an Asatic rather than European nation when
all the arts of civilization fourished under
Louis XIV Of France 1t is under the direction
and guidance Of the Romanoffs that these Tar
+ars have been transformed In a little over two
centuries from an agglomeration OF Asiatic
tribes into q great European nation and from
despotism infinitely more oppressive and bar
barous than that of the Chinese emperors into
q constitutional monarchy. It is the Romanoffs.
in one word who have turned the face of Russia
from the rising to the setting of the sun, and
the international exhibition, by opening up the
great Muscovite Empire to the trade and In
dustry of the world will crown their work OF
tbras centuries EX-ATTACHE-
New-York tribune., 1909-01-24
WHEN 500 FOOT
METEOR Hit EARTH
MADE HOLE NEARLY a
MILE WIDE IN ARIZONA
Dug Sir Hundred Feet Ont of Sol
Scattered Itself OUer
TzcentN Miles.

Copyright. 1909. By John EIfretn wa.N,a.,
That gigantic -netcorite. perhaps FIVE hundr.s
feet in diameter. once fell In the Arizona ds,.r+
tearing out a hole three-quarters Of mile acro..
and over six hundred feet deep Is announces a..
a probability by DR.. George P. Merrill head e,r,-
tor Of geology in the National Museum at Wssb-
ington Under grant from the Smithsonian =,
stituton he has examined the spot thus apparently
struck by such tremendous iron projec+ila b,-ta5
from the heavens, and a summary Of the rs.ri,,
OF his expedition was the other day presentAd e,
the regents OF ths institution by its s-c~sts-,r
Charles d. walcott
Nowhere else earth has science ,cu,a 49,,
dence Of such marked havoc wrought by = raiszsI.
hurled from a neghboring heavenly body Ipnaztna
ton at once sets to work to picture the awful re-
suits which would have followed had this enormou,
mass-with a diameter nearly as great an +ha
Washington monument Is high-sallen uuon ,on,.
great city, MASKING to powder hundreds Of thcu
sands OF unsuspecting mortaIs within the ,r,-,.
date area OF impact and manning others for un:Is.
around.
The spot where the great n1eteorfts str7,ex IL.
down In Coconino County. Western central Arizona
twenty miles out in the desert westur.rs =,
the Navajo reservation and few miles from Can
yon Diablo-Canyon of the Devil Looking south
from the Santa Fe Railroad the traveller sees -1s
ing above the level OF this plain the form Of low
hill Indeed IL Is called Coon Mountain or Coon
Butte But venturfng nearer he finds IL TO be a
terfals Of all sizes, from microscopic dust N
blocks weighing hundreds Of tons
Old settlers have ever been satisfied In their b.
lief that this crater was caused by volcanic action
But the fact that no other volcanoes were near
this region and the further fact that its sednpen
tary rocks have not been disturbed by anv m
heaval caused biologists to indulge IN no Iittls
speculation as to the source That great meteor
ite might have been the cause was first suggested
some thirteen years ago. but abandoned for IN
sufficient evidence. But lately Daniel NJ Barrngsr
well known mining engineer. and BENJAMIN c.
Tilghman, expert projectiIes. who had held IN
the belief that giant meteorite caused the great
depression, proceeded to sink shafts in and abou.
the crater with view of locating the fallen bo4v
and Of exploiting II source CT meteorie nickel
iron and platinum. They have so far failed 70
find IT, but a result OF their borings they be-
came satisfied that great meteor produced ths
crater, and it was their report this effect that
led DR.. Merrill to investigate.