davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-02-16
HILLS As SHEEP PASTURES
A Plea For the Raising of More
and Better Sheep on
Our Small Farms.
BY PROFESSOR J. ]. HOOPER,
Kentucky Agricultural College.

The number of sheep in the United
States is decreasing, while the con-
sumption Of mutton is increasing, and
as result we find sheep commanding
high price. 1t is not at all improb-
able that these high prices will con-
tinue for a long number of years.
Farmers now understand that there
is money in sheep and they are in
curing how they can best start a
flock.
Every farmer who has any grazing
land can protitably raise some sheep.
Hilly pasture land is in abundance in
many sections-hills that have not been
cleared of their timber-and there are
millions of acres of such land which
will afford good browsing for sheep or
,Angora goats.
For billy lands I can recommend any
of the Down breeds-Southdown and
Shropshires. The Leicesters or Lin
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-02-16

forced with humus, water and plant
food, are peculiarly adapted to all kinds
of truck crops
g. Early truck crops are more safely
produced when a maximum of sand
and minimum quantity of clay pre-
vail.
8. General or late truck crops are
most safely produced when the sand
type carries the minimum of the
coarser and the maximum of the finer
sand grades.
4. Fruit growing calls for consider
able clay as part of the sand type
S. The best corn crops are produced
where neither sand nor clay predomi-
nates-the silt materials producing the
best results
6. The general grain crops are best
suited where furnished a silt type of
soil.
Z. Wheat is most at home in soils
where fine silt and clay predominant.
s. Grass fancies most those soils that
carry high percentage of clay.
8. Potatoes prefer a sand type where
medium sand prevails, where silt is
present in a medium quantity and
where clay is present only in moderate
quantities.
10. With these special types must be
included good tillage, humus, air,
moisture and plant food.
Such congratulations must be &C
copied not too literally, but they are
of large value as indicating the posi-
bilties of the land owned by the in
dividual farmer and from which he
expects to win livelihood. If they do
or inc ho tn C,,0c rtoir
lines that offer the assurance of gen.
erous crops they will have served an
important purpose.
They perform another function of
prime Importance to the one in quest
of land on which to establish himself
in rural home, in indicating, very
broadly of course, whether the acre
age he contemplates buying possesses
the elements that harmonic with
plants for the future and will contrib
ute to his success.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-02-16
CONVENIENT CATTLE BARNS
Excellent Stable For the Con-
servation of Energy and
Material in Feeding.

The general plan of the experimental
feeding plant at the Illinois station for
the feeding of 200 head of beef cattle
in carload lots and individually con-
sists of a storage barn facing east and
west and two rows of feed lots con-
nected by paved alley, lying east and
west from the west side of the storage
barn.
South of the feed lots is a corn crib
144 feet in length and north of the
storage barn is a 20X2S foot engine
house. On the west side of the barn
and north of the alley are stock scales.
The barn can be modified to meet
the wants of smaller feeders and the
plan is here presented because it offers
so many valuable suggestions TO farm
ers. aza
There are twelve feeding lots in the
two rows mentioned, seven of which
are situated on the south side of the
alley and five on the north side.
All face to the south and all are
paved with brick with the exception
of three lots on the north side of the
alley, one of which is used for expert
menting with cattle fed in an ordinary
earth lot.
The sheds on the south side of the
alley are open on the south side, while
those on the north side are inclosed
and provided with large sliding doors.
None are paved
Feed carriers convey the concen-
trates and chaffed roughage from the
second floor of the storage barn to the
lots on the south side of the alley.
The storage barn, containing silo,
feed grinder, cutter and shredder, feed
bins, stalls and storage room for rough
age, is of plank-frame construction,
FL the framing material being of two
inch lumber sized to 17s inches. 1t is
44x72 feet and is divided into five bents
The two north sections contain a
30-ton silo, feed bins, cutter and stor-
age for baled hay.
feed cutter and grinder are located
near a AKA foot bin on the first floor.
This bin has capacity of 800 bushels.
Just above this bin and in connection
with it is a smaller one with capacity
of 100 bushels.
Grain is scooped into the south end
of the lower bin and elevated into the
one above, from which it runs into the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-02-16
NO MORE THAN He EXPECTED


A Missouri farmer was converted Il
the way of thinking of sect which
periodically was inspired with a fore
knowledge of the imnlinence of the
day of doom and set the date, prepar-
ing for Gabriers greeting. The date
was set and the day came. The farm
er donned his white robe and went OUT
into the fields to await the coming
meeting with the celestial throng.
The day passed and the farmer. hav.
ing arisen at the stroke Of midnight
on the morn Of the eventful day, grew
drowsy, and throwing himself down
upon a pile of hay fell asleep. Some
mischievous boys set fire to the hay.
The smoke and the heat soon awoke
the slumbering farmer and, sitting up
with start, he cried with the anguish
of the lost: Just as expected! In
h after ALL"
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-02-16
MUSHROOM BEDS IN A CELLAR
FOOD VALUES OF EGGS

The California experiment station re-
Gently conducted a series of expert
ments, the chief object being the ex-
animation of eggs to determine Wheth-
Ell or not there was any basis of fact
for the popular opinion that eggs with
brown shells have higher food value
than those with white shells.
1t has been said by some that brown
eggs are richer than the white ones,
but this statement is not borne out by
chemical analysis and the physical ex-
animation proves that the main points
of superiority, though extremely slight,
are possessed by the white eggs.
The minute differences which are
found between the two groups are ex-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-02-16
RULES FOR SUCCESSFUL FARMING

To my mind the ideal system of man
agement to maintain our income from
our farms with reduced labor and
capital must come about in the fol-
lowing manner:
More economical production in all
lines and reducing the amount of labor
by growing more clover and grasses.
Keeping live stock to harvest these
crops and selling only finished prod
uctS.
Selling fewer raw products and max
il g more finished ones, such as milk,
butter, eggs, poultry, beef, pork and
mutton.
Turning the less profitable land into
pasture and grasses and working the
best land more intensely.
Growing cash or market crops that
give high returns for the labor en-
ployed and fertilizer used, such as
potatoes, fruit, etc.-B. Lara, Wiscon-
sin.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-02-16
FROST ACTION ON PL0WED GROUND

1t is universally admitted that spring
grains thrive best on land that has
been plowed the fall previous This is
undoubtedly due to the fact that the
frost acts in a beneficial manner in
dividing the Jumps, yet this is not al
ways so, for on certain types of soil
fall ploWing causes it to break and be-
come hard to work in the spring. Such
soil is usually in poor condition and
needs manure or green forage crops
turned under to increase the humus
content. Fall blowing enables us to
sow oats earlier in the spring and ex-
periments have shown that oats sowed
late do not as a rule give a good yield.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-02-16
GROUND PLAN OF ILLINOIS CATTLE
FEEDING PLANT

rELDiNu LAM.
The a engine house, which is not shown here is
20 by IS feet and is located near the north.
west corner of the barn and is connected
with the machinery inside the barn BY a
Full details Of the building with dimensions of
material cam be had by applying to Professor
Il W Mumford, Urbana, ILL.,, for Bulletin
grinder, and when ground is ele-
waited to the bins on the second floor.
When ear corn is fed in the form of
corn and cob meal it is scooped from
wagon into the grinder and elevated
as in the case of shelled corn or other
grain.
If fed finely broken (similar TO
crushed corn) it is run through an
ensilage machine and blown into bins
on the second floor, as is also done
with hay when fed in a chaffed state.
but II fed broken by hand it is scooped
from wagon to the second floor
through the same opening by which the
feed carriers leave the barn
Other feeds, such as oil meal. COT
tonseed meal, gluten meal, bran, etc
which are always purchased in sacks,
are conveyed to the second floor nv
mana from wagon in driveway of
barn. AS these feeds are needed tbev
are weighed during the day, placed in
feed carriers and conveyed at feeding
time to the lots south of alley.
There are four double, two single and
four box stalls in this barn used for
feeding cattle where individual records
Of grain and feed consumed are desired.
These are situated under the loft. that
part OF the barn having a second floor.
The feed managers are placed low in
lie nd
width; those in the box stalls are bolt
go TO the sides so they can be taken
out when necessary.
The lots on the south side of the
alley are each AZ feet long by SO feet
woe, exclusive of shed, with a 12x36
shed open to the south. Each lot is in
crossed by board fence feet inches
hlgh. All lots are paved with bricl,
Inc sheds are not paved
These lots have gates leading into
eacn other to the alley and out of the
south end of the lots. There is also =
gate in each lot so placed that II To-
gether with the gate between the 1ots
Tan close the space between the fence
and feed bunk, thereby making If nos
sible to confine the cattle under the
shed while the lots are cleaned and in
Each lot is furnished with a feed
DUNK for concentrated feed and two
managers for hay. One watering tank
is provided for two lots.
The shed south of the alIev 10 o5o
rect long and u feet wide and is III
vlded into seven equal commandments
by the extension of the same fences
which separate the corresponding feed
lots.
The feed hunks are feet inches
by IL feet and are located feet !
inches from the shed.
Two hay managers in each lot are
built of material of the same size and
in the same manner.
Galvanized iron tanks 2x2xS feet are
SO placed that the steers in the two
lots have access to one tank The tank
is set in wooden box, the size Of
which leaves space of inches be-
tween it and the tank, in which NAV
be placed filler to keep the water
from freezing. The box and tank rest
upon platform raised inches from
che pavement.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-02-16
NOTES OF THE FEED LOT

In feeding pigs shorts or alfalfa beats
wheat bran when used as one quarter
of the ration.
hay in the winter unless they have
previously been matured on the young
alfalfa.
In feeding beef pulp the best results
have been obtained by using two
pounds of pulp to one pound of grain
in the ration for hogs.
Very slowly our farmers are COM
ing to recognize the value of roots in
feeding all kinds of farm animals. We
ought to grow more of them.
1t is mistake to believe that alfalfa
is purely fattening ration, especially
for calves. On the contrary, it is d
growing ration.
Corn makes fat, while alfalfa is rich
in flesh forming and bone building ma
terials.
Cow pea and alfalfa hay is an excel
lent substitute for wheat bran for the
dairy cows.
Wheat bran is preferable, however,
because it is less bulky.
Northern farmers have been slow to
adopt cottonseed meal, but in the south
it is regarded very highly.
Some farmers still doubt the value
Of shredder corn slower, but careful ex-
periments show that it more than pays
for the investment in shredder and
the work.
When you find cattle leaving much
of their feed in the troughs it is well
to slacken up a bit until their appetites
become keen enough to clean every
thing up.
Alfalfa meal contains about IA per
cent of protein, about 2 per cent of sap,
IS per cent of crude fiber and per cent
of ash.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-02-16
PORTABLE HOUSE AND FENCE

Fig No. 1 illustrates the feedhouse,
which is by 16 feet, 6 feet high at
back and 8 feet in front.
The back and ends are solid, all the
openings being in front.
1t is built on portable runners like
the portable hoghouse, and although
rather heavy can be moved with two
horses when the ground is frozen or
wet after a light rain.
The feeding floors are made of eight
or nine by IL inch planlls laid side by
side and held together by three cross
pieces by or 2 by spiked to them;
then a by along each edge to keep
the corn from pushing off the floor
while pigs are eating.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-02-16

The principle is that it Furnishes
when the animal pulls too hard, but
eases UP the instant the pressure is
taken off.
There is the draw strap over the
head and through the bride rings,
shown in cut No. 2, which is we'll
known restrainer, but it is not always
successful.
Either a straight leather, rubber or
iron bit can be used with this rig and
a jaw strap is needed to make it eff
fectiye.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-02-16

coins would probably do we'll in the
level, fertile sections.
My advice is not to engage in the
sheep business at all unless you can
give the sheep the care and attention
which they demand. Sheep will not
thrive unless they are looked after
carefully.
AS general rule when properly
managed they can subsist on land that
Will not support larger domestic ami
mails. They eat nearly all of the weeds.
| do not pr nd to be able to say
just how the .'mer can start a flock
OF sheep in the most economical man
ner, as this will depend upon the loca-
ton of the farm and the available sup
ply of stock ewes in the locality.
AS a general rule if it is possible to
secure the foundation flock near home
that would be preferred to buying them
at distance.
In selecting and buying ewes be very
careful not to get disease. Watch for
scab. They should always be dipped
before leaving their old yards, and if
possible dipped again on reaching the
new home. Look for ewes that show
good breeding.
the butchers and can frequently be
purchased at very reasonable price,
can be economically carried over the
winter, and after lambing time in the
spring they can be culled out and the
poorest ones fattened and sold.
Every flock of sheep should be looked
over very carefully each spring and no
poor ones left in it.
Thu CHI
before breeding and should have sniff
clent 1000 at all times. Old country
shepherds claim that by "nushing"-
alloWlng them free run Of succulent
pasture-Just before and during the
breeding season the ewes will produce
larger number of twins.
Ihe selection Of the ram to head
ones flock is very important matter.
by all means pick out u good, vigor-
GUS pure-bred ram
In a grade flock the pure bred ram
eNerts at least half and probably more
than half of the influence on the lambs
mat he gets. Select ram that is
low set, deep in body, wide of bacl,
and heavily muscled over all parts
especially in the leg of mutton-the
highest priced cut in the whole BODY,
Examine the fleece carefully. Secure
RAM that is well wooded over the
belly, as this will insure against colds
and pneumonia When the sheep have
to lie on cold or damp ground
AS general rule the production tt
market sheep will bring in as great
profit as the rearing of fancy stoc.
oheep VIII thrive on most of the foods
produced on the average farm.
A good mixture to supplement pas
ture IS ten pounds of cornmeal ter
pounds of bran and two pounds of oil
meal.
| Corn makes, an excellent fattenine
food. Alfalfa makes an excellent pas
ture, and the same is true of clover
but care must be taken to prevent
bloat when first pastured.
The hay from these pasture forag
crops is excellent for sheep.
The largest cranberry hog in tbe
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-02-16
HANDLING DEVICE

Get three quarter inch strap Ga
thin, pliable one doubled and sewed
with rounded edges is the best) about
twelve inches long, or long enough to
go around the lower jaw of the horse
and through ring at each side of the
mouth, as shown in the upper right
hand cut, and a ring seweu in each
end to buckle driving lines into. Use
noseband or overdraW on bride.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-02-16

Potatoes for seed can be kept from
sprouting by putting them in crates
early and placing them in plenty of
light near an open window. Later they
can be set in an outbuilding and given
protection on frosty nights. When SO
treated the sprouts will be short and
st,,hiru # any should anpear-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-02-16

r see corn which,
whch
an e ~ n ~
OF a number these pusm b
u a narrow of nkniedo
9 by more thar
mi O ~ NJ ul egh
shodte
unt the corn sthnougH
fl g or n below
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-02-16

Inc largest cranberry bog in the
world is being established just outside
Slascouset, Mass. 1t will cover 500
acres The work of laying out and
cultiVating the bog has been going on
Tor over two years and 800 acres will
soon be under cultivation.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1909-02-16

The engine house, which is not shown here is
~ by rs feet and is located near the north
west corner of the barn and is connected
with the machinery inside the barn by
leather belt.
Full details Of the building with dimensions of
material cam be had by applying to Professor
y W Mumford, Urbana, ILL.,, for Bulletin
The Washington times., 1909-10-03
Art Ware Was Never So Exquisite

IT. HERE is no doubt that we are
gradually approaching the as
petite ideal OF Thoreau in our
decorative art. IL is said Of
him that when he discovered piece OF
ore on his mantel shelf required daily
busting he at once thrust Il out. While
we haven't reached this extreme as vet
stiIl the piece of bric-a-b ran without a
hint of utility must be Of much artis-
tic worth 10 find a place in the tasteful
home of today. There Is one combfna-
ton of art and utility. however. in
which fancy Is running riot these davs
The home without lamp is a cheer
less rarity. From the hall 20 the he'd
rooms, mellow lights CLEAN through
shades Of glass or parchment or silk.
For the drawing room or the living
room, the floor lamps are much used
with a variety OF shades An entireIv
new offering is stand OF carved wood
in Italian Renaissance, with which pIas-
ter IN paris Is combined, and the whole
is covered in soft tones or bronzed. one
particularly handsome one had a shade
made of "A crimson silk shawl, elabor-
ately embroidered and with a heavy
silk fringe. The four corners were al
lowed 10 hang in long points. The
empire shades Of delicately tinted silks.
ribbon embroidery forming garlands or
medallions, strike the note of perfec-
ton I'm room of the Louis period.
These are also shown with parchment
paper, hand painted, covering a founda-
Gion Of shirred silk
A decided novelty in these Empire ef-
fects is the little Dresden china head
and bust Of a grande dame. attired in
brocaded, lace trimmed gown. under
whose voluminous skirt a tiny electric
bulb is placed. The effect Of these
quantity Illuminated figures is delight
fully unique.
The plain silk shades, with the ruch-
ing at top and bottom, are always IN
good taste. Cretonne shades, finished
In gold edging, in a pattern matching
other decorative fabrics in a bedroom
are very reasonable and may be made
The Washington times., 1909-10-03

Gotta are being extensively displayed.
These are for the most part in the
soft, old ivory tint, but occasionally In
the ousts or jewel boxes. rich colorins
Is used Russian copper, which has an
iridescent glimmer distinctive OF this
ware, is now being shown with deco
rations Of enamel. This combination is
very striking.
Increased interest in plaster casts is
being manifested. These are particu-
larry appropriate for halls or fireplace
decoration. NOthingis more artistic
The Washington times., 1909-10-03

at home by a woman with clever I'm
gers. In the more expensive art glass
dOmes, the laburnup2. that we used TO
see In our grandma Tiers garden, has
lent itself so well TO this work that II
Is much used The Tiffany clusters in
the inimitable favrile are infinite in de-
sign, and hopeless in price. The latest
production OF the TIFFANY workshop is
new turquoise glass which is to be
seen in unique vase designs.
Window boxes. jewel cases, fern
dtsheS. and busts in the Italian terra
The Washington times., 1909-10-03
ALL THE SAME.

MY dear. suppose we take the chill
dren to the zoo tOday2'
why. John, you promised to tzke
them to mothers"
"Au right, IL it's ali the same to the
children. ''-Browning' Magazine.
The Washington times., 1909-10-03

than one OF the Bucca della Robbia or
Thorwaldson conceptions. OF some Of the
modern reliefs toned TO carry cut the
harmony Of the room.
The Washington times., 1909-10-03
By MARGARET HORTON.

TX IHEN the little bride. flushed
NV of face and shy of demeanor.
" " buys the furniture this fall
rlDr. 10. -.--. - L..
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-01-30
IA iIloads and Steamboats, 8.
Maine CENTRAL R. R.
In Effect Oct. 5. 1903.

Trains leave Augusta as follows:
GOING WEST-3u A. NJ, except Mon
day. Portland and Boston: e.ss A n.
Lewiston, Pennington. Ranse,ey, ROCK,
land. Portland, Boston. Montreal ana
Quebec 1856 a. NJ, Brunswick, Lewiston.
Pennington, Rockland, Portland, Boston:
sos p NJ local: 355 P. NJ. (eXrress'
Brunswick Rockland. Portland; Boston;
71S p. NJ, Portland; 1913 2. M. Lewiston.
Bath, Portland. Boston. Sundays 959
NJ, 3333 AMI 10. 43 P. M. Portland, Boston
GOING EAST-125S A. NJ. SkoWhegan.
Bangor, Bar Harbor. St John. Halifax
Aroostook. Sunday morning does IN. not
connect for Skowhegan or beyond Ban
gor; 300 A. M. (express). Bangor Calais
and Bar 1erbor; SOS A. M local to Bel
fast, Foxcroft and Bangor; 90S
local to Belfast and Bangor; l20s P NJ
Waterville, Foxcroft. Bangor. B. & x
&, Calais St. John; and an, Halif ssas "a
P NJ, (express) Watervfns, Bang2r.
Bar Harbor: 800 p. NJ, Waterville
Skowhegan, Belfast, Foxcroft Bqnsor
and Mattaryamkeag; 7.3l P N Water'
vile and skowhegan: a17 A NJ sun'a
rnly, Bangor:
.yusta for Hallowel. Gardiner ana S,'rr
Iardiner at 740 M. 1.25. 5,10: ID
MORRIS MCDONALD. v an" y
WV Ronrr1p- q p A
u,
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-01-30
FARM NO. s.

Contains 100 acres. broad level fields,
fine pasture, large wood lot, cuts 80 tons
hay, wood enough on farm to pay for it.
4 mile from hustling village of Weeks
from church, school stores and mills
buildings in fair condition. telephone in
stalled, cream bought at your door. Will
sell for $500, part down, balance on
easy terms Address, KEN n Esf5E.C
COUNTY FARMS, Copper's Mills, Me
j30d3t
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-01-30
FARM NO. a.

One of the finest in Kennebac County !;
A 100 acre farm 40 acres in tillage rest in
wood lot and pasture, cuts 40 tons of
hay, over 700 cords of wood on farm to
pay for it, is mile from r. r. station.
church. school, stores, post Office and
mills. telephone and r. T.. ID. service.
Water installed in all farm buildings.
$500 if sold at once to settle estate. Nd
di ess KIINNEREC COUNTY FARM,
Coopers MINIS. Nc. i30l3t