davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Elk City mining news. (Elk City, Idaho) 1903-1913, 1909-10-30
cause sensatlon b Japan.

These circulars have created some
thing OF a sensation in Japan. Effort
is being made TO prevent the spreading
of their contents among japanese Of
The ignorant class because they may
arouse bitter feeling.
Meanwhile there ls reason 10 believe
that Japan has called or will cali the
attention of the Chinese authorities 10
the illegality of the boycott propa.
ganda, demanding that the circulars be
outawed as illegal documents and that
the Popular Association of the Three
/ Eastern Provinces be brought under
discipline.
Tie exact method by which China d
able 10 control her people in this way IL
not known. bnt h s believed here tina
the government 0f China can suppfes
promptly amy boycott movement. Al
uerchanff of standing in China have OF
fetal rank aud can be disciplined.
Elk City mining news. (Elk City, Idaho) 1903-1913, 1909-10-30
dap pazed 81 Aaonlla.

With Dis eyee wide open in fixed
Stare. Dis body emaeiated and his
cleells sunllen and hif haif standing
almost on end, n. OgnIa, q japanese,
haf laIn in comatose condition in %
PORTLAND hospital for nearly fis
month"; Once every lo minutes thf
nafieni draws in long breath without
rnploelahle m0lomenf and slowly 49,
pela if
Elk City mining news. (Elk City, Idaho) 1903-1913, 1909-10-30
LATE MINING NEWS.

Roslyn, Wash.-The fact that eigh
nules and a kitten were found aliv'
october in slope No. /, where a min
xplosion occurred Sunday, October 3
aused hope that Pumpman John (
ones might be alive, but his body wa
ound October 9. The bodies of Pc
.arich and Tomach are still in the min,
For Bureau of Mines.
Before leaving Butte Representativ
-harles y. Pray announced that at tn
coming session Of congress he is g
ng to make a big fight for the estal
shment OF a bureau Of mines in th
national administration. He thini
congress will pass the measure.
Koyukuk Cold Output.
NJ c. Jensen, who returned to 5
attic recently from the Koyukuk di
trict, in Alaska, in speaking Of Il
gold output in that section, said:
IL think a fair estimate of the tot
output for that country, including Il
work Of last winter and the past SUI
r.er, is $35O,O0O. Some Of the clair
were exceedingly rich, while othe
were only fairly good propositions.
A new strike was made on Noli
creek, a tributary Of Wiseman cree
and good results were obtained. 1
result is that a new town has be
established, called Wright City.
There is plenty Of grub up the riv
The prices are pretty high. Flour
$40 a hundred and bacon from 40
50 cents pound. Ny belief is ii
the upper Koyukuk viii continue
be a large producer for a long time
come.
The steamer brought down $225,'
in gold.
Has Good Showing.
The drift on the property OF
Golden Eagle Mining company,
Gated on the Montana side Of the Co
d'Alenes. is now IN about 300 feet
the ore exposed some time ago
holding out splendidly. The ore b
IS from two 10 four feet ia wa
and Is Of a clean shipping grade
good showing 81 ore has been made
the upper worllings.
Injunction on Republic.
The old Republic Mining comp
has served an injunction against
Kew Republic company and has siol
operations al the mine. located al
public. Wash. The old Republic q
pany charges that the property
illegally foreclosed upon and sold
taxes by Ferry county aud that >
Ritter. treasurer and a. b. i5ei
prosecuting attorney of the con
were parties 10 this procedure
proited By ii.
Aged Miner Cleans Up ss,Os1'
Louis Felimau. "a pioneer mining
4 of Murray Idaho. has made hie e
up ou placer property and shi
I02 ounces of gold "a tAe govern
% office af Helena The gold assa,s
ID IN NNN H'If'f IIN"i'|~ " '"''f
ot sa.O3f5O ile ls nearly 4 yea
ago and SOD bale aud hearty an'
tsis In the del elopmeHi oi nr
friIes.
n NeW STRIKE on United.
"a Donmd Nolnf managei pf ihf 4
4 Copper mlnr. Henr NhfNeiapI lf
"a Strike of 80 feei ri nigh grade
sr copper ole on the elQaseui ffon
i. main tnnneI, ahiel y n $500
anl ai depth of faV feet ~
p flf IlcAeai flI|If maaf fN|a afaf
iae sleNf|ah camp llerf NIl y
DilI sAIf pN ~ Hi pH0f HlH
no..flf flisnQeo
A. compleasor fQf pnoif
Ilm NNtIH mWNFHi HI
lnoI0 N|nInF eompani Hf Nf.
NN.. MaNNH alIHNHfNfNI
lIr aI.0nN. ~ NHH'NN ~
Elk City mining news. (Elk City, Idaho) 1903-1913, 1909-10-30
JAPs BALK ON CHINESE BOYCOTT
Attempt to Shut Off All Commerce Gre
ates a Sensation.

Copies Of circulars issued in north
China by a body of Chinese calling
themselves the Popular Association of
received in japan after having been
spread broadcast. The circulars contain
infammatory statements against the
japanese. They bear upon what is
called the weakness of poor China,
aud the "resulting aggression of
Japan"
Assertions are made that Japan has
devastated the arabic lands of north
China and has enslaved laborers along
the line Of the Antung Mukden rail
road, that japanese officials have beaten
the men, insulted the women and ter
rorized the people.
The circulars point out that the
weakness Of China in a military sense
makes it impossible for her TO resent
the treatment Of Japan, and calls upon
the people Of China generally TO refuse
eli dealings with the japanese. All stu
dents and persons who value freedom
are called upon to propagate the doc
frines and join in adopting the program
D Of the association. Failing in this, they
{ are threatened with violence and ever
D death. The circulars conclude with thu
D request that Chinese vehicles, vessel
and railroads refuse 10 carry Japanes'
0 goods. An endless chain is sought il
the request that all patriotic citizen
into whose hands the circular may fal
shall have them reprinted and scattere
roadcast, until Japan is completed
shut out from all commercial commun
= cation with China.
Elk City mining news. (Elk City, Idaho) 1903-1913, 1909-10-30
Injunction on Republic.


Louis feltman. pioneer mining man
of Murray. Idaho has made BIZ clean
up on placer property and shipped
l02 ounces of gold a. the government
office al Helena The gold arsass Fls4.
a. me ounce, making total valuation
0i saO3.5O. ile ls nearly tfalf "a
ago and SOD bale aud hearty ana af
asis lu fAe development oi hir prop
--L-l--
Elk City mining news. (Elk City, Idaho) 1903-1913, 1909-10-30
For Bureau of Mines.

Before leaving Butte Representative
Charles \. Pray announced that at the
coming session Of congress he is 60
ing to make a big fight for the estab-
Lshment OF a bureau Of mines in the
national administration. He thinks
congress will pass the measure.
Elk City mining news. (Elk City, Idaho) 1903-1913, 1909-10-30

Roslyn, Wash.-The fact that eight
mules and a kitten were found alive
October in slope No. 1, where mine
explosion occurred Sunday, October 3,
caused hope that Pumpman John E
Jones might be alive, but his body was
found October 9. The bodies Of Pc
zarich and Tomach are still in the mine
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-09-09
DONEGAL

Several from here are attending
the State Fair at ST. Paul.
A. A. Tingwall made a business
trip through here Tuesday.
Miss Jane Collins is teaching at
Clifton in the Manion district.
Miss Anna Kolar is at St. Paul
for few weeks visit with friends.
Miss Hattie Nichols of Belle
PLANE is visiting her aunt, Mrs. ].
P. Adams.
Mr.. and Mrs. H. Bonner visited
at the home of the latter's sister,
Mrs. Van Adams, Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Joe Kordovsky of
St. Paul spent few days with their
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. George Fox.
Miss Ida Finn went to St. JOS
eph's Hospital, St. Paul, Monday
and underwent a successful opera
ton for appendicitis.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-09-09
THEY NEVER FAIL
That IS What They Say About
Them in River Falls, and 1t
Is Therefore, Reliable

Another proof, more evidence,
River Falls testimony to swell the
long list of local people who endorse
the old Quaker remedy, Doan's
Kidney Pills. Read this convincing
endorsement ofthat remarkable prep
aration:
James Crowns, Third and Cedar
Sts., River Falls, Wis, says; II
am getting well along in years and
my kidneys had been disordered SO
long that | did not expect anything
would cure me. Doan's Kidney
Pills, procured at R. S. Freeman &
Sons Drug Store, however did me
a wonderful amount of good. | was
feeling very badly on account OF
sharp pains in my back and my head
ached almost continually. The kid
ney secretions were also very fire.
quent in passage and deposited a
dark sediment. Doan's Kidney
Pills have relieved me of all these
troubles and | am glad to tell others
about them"
For sale by all dealers. Price so
cents. Foster Milburn Co., Buffalo,
New York, sole agents for the Unit
ed States.
Remember the name-Doan's-
and take no other.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-09-09

Tickling or dry Coughs will
quickly loosen when using DR.
Shops Cough Remedy. And il
is SO thoroughly harmless, that DR.
Shoop tells mothers to use nothing
else, even for very young babies
The wholesome green leaves and
tender stems of lung healing
mountainous shrub give the curative
properties to DR.. Shops Cough
Remedy. 1t Gains the cough, and
heals the sensitive bronchial mem
branes. No opium, no chloroform,
nothing harsh used to injure or sup
press. Demand DR.. Shops. Ac-
cept no other. Sold by K. S. Free
man & Son.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-09-09

Suffered day and night the tor
ment of itching piles. Nothing
helped me until | used Doan's ONT
ment. 1t cured me permanently"
Hon. John R. Garrett, Mayor,
Girard, Ala.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-09-09
SOUTH FORK
P. Jensen was in Ellsworth
Tuesday.

J.P. Jensen was in Ellsworth
Tuesday.
The Ladies Aid will meet with
Mrs. Geo. Carley Thursday, Sept.
I6. All are cordially invited.
Mr.. and Mrs. Steven Browell
went to Downing last week to visit
Mrs. Browell's sister, Mrs. Ernest
Flint.
The school board has been put
ting a new basement in the school
house and making other improve
ments.
Axel Olson came down from
Lindstrom, Mimi, Saturday to join
his family. He has been spending
some time at John Peterson's. They
returned home Tuesday.
Mrs. William Lowell and daugh-
tiers Helen and Lora have gone to
Washington to visit Mrs. Lovell's
father, George Elliott, and other
relatives, and to take in the exposi-
ton.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-09-09
WEST TRIMBELLE

Peddlers were numerous the past
week.
Shock threshing is nearly com
pleted.
Ed. Tobias and family spent Sun
day at A. Killian's.
Mrs. Keiser and children visited
friends in this vicinity Tuesday.
Geo. and Irving Dean are attend
ing the high school at Ellsworth.
Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Rock are the
happy parents of brand new boy.
School commenced in Dist. No. s
Tuesday with Lizzie Raphael at the
helm.
Ray Williams of River Falls
made business trip through here
recently.
Jas. Harris passed through here
Saturday on his way to Prescott to
see his brother Peter, who was
badly hurt in fall from a load OF
grain, a wheel passing over him.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-09-09

Charlie Elliott spent Labor Day
at home.
Miss Alice Griffin is spending the
week with friends here.
Herbert Deyarmond recently re-
moved from Chicago to Minneapo-
lis.
There will be services at the usual
time during Rev. S. V. 5. Fishers
vacation.
Mrs. Herbert Robinson of Board
man made weekend visit at the
Cole home.
Those who attended the social at
Mr.. Morrow's Monday night report
a delightful time.
School began Monday in the
Harding Kelly district with John
Hawkins as teacher.
Messrs. Mackin and Burrows and
wives and Mrs. Beda Spence Of
Boardman spent Friday and Satur-
day with the Fuller families.
Mr.. and Mrs. Herbert Gill and
son were recent callers at Charley
Fuller's home. They came through
by auto from Urbana, ILL.,, on their
way to Mortified, Mimi.
Messrs. Joe Wadsworth, Ed
Hamilton, ]. Rogers, 0. w. New
comb and Cotton Whitcomb, with
ladies, were out Friday evening to
help F. N. Fuller celebrate his
birthday anniversary. They left
beautiful chair as a souvenir Of the
occasion.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-09-09

It's pity when sick ones drug
the stomach or stimulate the Heart
and Kidneys. That is all wrong
A weak Stomach, means weak
Stomach nerves, always. And this
is also true of the Heart and Kid
neys. The weak nerves are instead
crying'out for help. This explains
why DR.. Shops Restorative is
promptly helping Stomach, Heart
and Kidney ailments. The Restor-
alive reaches out for the actual cause
of these ailments-the failing Gin
side nerves." Anyway test the Re-
storative 48 hours. 1t won't cure SO
soon as that, but you will surely
know that help is coming. Sold by
r. S. Freeman & Son.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-09-09

A clever, popular Candy Cold
Cure Tablet-called Preventics-is
being dispensed by druggists every
where. In few hours, Preventics
are said to break any cold-com-
pletely. And Preventics, being SO
safe and toothsome, are very fine for
children. No Quinine, no laxative,
nothing harsh nor sickening. Box
Of 48-25c. Sold by R. S. Free
man e Son.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-09-09
First publication Aug. 10, 1909
Circuit Court Summons
CTATE OF WISCONSIN, Circuit Court fc
~ Pierce County

STATE OF WISCONSIN, Circuit Court for
~ Pierce County.
Ella T. Mcmahon, Plaintiff VS.. Catherine
Lynch, George NJ Powell, and - Powell,
May Powell, and -- Powell. the unknown
wife of George May Powell William K.
Stevens, and l.. w. Stevens his wife, Louisa
Dickinson LorenZa l.. Lewis, and - Lewis,
the unknown wife of LorenZa l.. Lewis, Christy
W ales wife of Sherlock b. Wales Sherlock B.
| Wales, Ausutsa Wales and AIDA l. Wales, sole
surviving heirs at law of Samuel Wales, de-
ceased Abbie S. Cairns, Rola w. Cairns, single,
William Il. Cairns, Dora Cairns, his wife, and
| Gertrude Cairns, sole surviving heirs at law of
George w. Cairns. deceased. Mary ID. Morse,
Calvin Randall Morse. single, and Julia A.
Morse, sole surviving heirs at law of AbneT
Morse, deceased, and all the unknown surviving
widows, personal representatives heirs and
legateeS of each or either of said defendants
who are deceased at this time, if there be any
such defendants and all other persons UNI
known claiming any estate, right title orinter
/ est In or lein or incumbrance upon the property
described in the complaint in this action and
their unknown heirs Defendants
THE STATE OF WISCONSIN: TO THE SAID
! DEFENDANTS AND EACH OF THEM:
You are hereby summoned to appear within
| tw enty days after service of this summons ex
! elusive of the day of service and defend the
| above entitled action in the Court, aforesaid
| and IN case OF your failure so to do, judgment
! will be rendered against you according to the
| demand of the complaint, Of which copy is
| herewith served upon YOU
W. Z. KNOWLES PLAINTIFFS Attorney
| T. o. address, River Falls, Wisconsin.
| Notices hereby given that the above entitled
action is brought for the purpose of quietng
| the title of the above named plaintiff in and to
part of Section Six 90 Township Twenty
| Seven (2O Range Eighteen 1S) West, Pierce
| County, Wisconsin, described as follows to-
| wit: Commencing at the southeast corner OF
/ the southwest quarter of Section Six 10y,
| thence north to the main travelled road running
! southerly from Cascade Avenue in the City OF
| River Falls, thence northerly on center of said
| highway to the one-eighth line running north
south on said one eighth line to the south line
| of said section, thence to place of beginning.
w. p. KNOWLES, PLAINTIFFS Attorney.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-09-09
STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.
RIVER FALLS. WIS.
STUDENTS ADMITTED AT ANY TIME.

English, Latin and German
Courses leading to the Diploma
which, when Countersigned by the
State Superintendent becomes a
Life State Certificate.
Elementary Course leading to
five Years State Certificate. No
tuition is charged to those who de-
clare their intention to teach in Wis
consin.
Model Schools of nine grades with
free tuition Early application for
a place in these grades is essential
as there is not room for all who
wish to enter.
Preparatory first half of the year,
tuition 65 cents a week.
Summer School six weeks begin
ing last week in June. Tuition
$500.
For further information address
the President. H. L. WILSON.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-09-09

A pleasing, good, high grade.
truly favored, amber colored cup OF
coffee can be had-and without the
real Coffee danger, or damage tc
health-by simply using DR.. Shops
new substitute, called "Health
Coffee" Pure, wholesome, toasted
cereals, malt, nuts, ETC., make DIR.
Shops Health Coffee both health
full and satisfying. No 20 to SO
minutes tedious boiling. "Made in
a minute," says DR.. Shoop. II
served as coffee, its taste will even
trick an expert. Test it and see,
Stewart Mercantile Co.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-09-09
ONLY the Truth.

Two tramps approached railroad
telegraph office not far from New
York the other day and looked hun
grily through the window, but there
was not dinner pail in sight to in
duce them to ask for food One OF
them finally tapped on the window
and the operator left his key long
enough to inquire:
well, what can do for you?"
Gust report two empties going
East replied the tramp, with a grin,
and started down the track toward
New York.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-09-09
NEIGHBORHOOD NEWS
FARGO

Shock threshing is completed in
this neighborhood.
Mrs. Charles Dopkins has return
ed from Pueblo, Col.
Albert Wilcox and family visited
at Earl Schoonover's Sunday.
Dana Plumly and wife of Ell Paso
visited at M. McCue's recently.
Mira Hawley is attending the
Normal school at River Falls this
year.
A number from here are attend
ing the State Fair at St. Paul this
week.
School began last Monday with
Miss Sophia Stetzel of Trimbelle as
teacher.
c.. S. Wilcox and family and
Sherwood Freeman visited at w.
Ellis Sunday.
w. w. Wilcox and family of
South Fork visited at r. S. Will
cox's Sunday.
Miss Lettie Hunt has returned to
Minneapolis after a weeks visit
with her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. J.
b. Hunt.
Frank Carlson and family, Mr..
Peterson and family and Mrs. Axel
Olson and children visited at Aug
Halls Sunday.
Mrs. J. E. Johnson returned last
Tuesday from Dawson, MINI. Her
daughter, Mrs. Albert Soderberg,
accompanied her home for few
days visit.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1909-09-09
KENNEDY CORNERS

Miss Florence Mclaughlin is
spending few days in this vicinity.
Mr.. and Mrs. Mike Jennings Of
Martell spent Sunday in this vicin-
ity.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Mckinley Of
Viking drove through here last Sun
day.
Mrs. Chas. Stouffer of Roberts
spent few days with her daughter.
Mrs. John Kelly, recently.
Mr.. and Mrs. Otto TIintz have
returned to their home in Cloquet.
MINI, after spending few weeks
with her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Will
liam Scott.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1909-04-23

is considered as one of Weber and
Fields greatest hits and has been
played to crowded houses in the met
ropolitan cities. The company is
composed of twenty-five people, the
majority being beautiful maids of a
tender age, and who created havoc
among the members of the bald
headed row in Reno theaters where
they have played for the past nine
weeks.
Manager Aylesworth Of the Butler
has secured the company for a four
weeks engagement, two of which
will be played in this city. The show
viii be changed three times a week
and each performance is guaranteed
to produce two and one-half hours of
solid fun. The prices will be 25c,
soc and 75c.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1909-04-23
Especial to the Bonanza. }

RENO, April 22.-In one of the
most spirited and sensational poker
games ever played in the west, be-
ginning early last night and lasting
until an early hour this morning.
John Harnan, the millionaire mine
owner of this state and Colorado,
shuffled away $17,5OO to Ole Elliott.
The Goldfield capitalist, mine owner
and saloonkeeper
The game played was stud poker
and was played by the two men in
the cardroom of the Overland hotel,
in the presence of a large number of
interested spectators. Eye witnesses
state that never before have they
witnessed a game of any kind which
was more interesting and which held
bigger stakes than the quiet affair in
which the two mining men were
principals last night at the Overland
hotel.
Only about $3.50 in money was
on the table during the game, but
two bookkeepers kept books on the
game. They were Jack Ramsey, day
clerk at the Overland, and bar
keeper of this city. About o'clock
this morning Harnan was indebted
to Elliott in the sum of $4,000, ac-
cording to the books kept by the two
men. 1t is said by onlookers that at
one time he owed Elliott $22,500.
Toward the end of the game Harnan
had a run of luck and cut his losses
down to about $4,000.
The biggest pot made during the
game held $4,000, and was won by
Elliott, who had an ace in the
hole. Both men were "bluhng,
and on the showdown Harnan had a
king buried. Elliott turned over his
ace and claimed the big pot.
Harnan lost $4,000 in one pot. He
staked this amount on a pair OF
mines, and when the showdown came
Elliott disclosed pair of aces.
The men played silently and vita
very little comment. The only halts
in the game were caused by cigars OF
drinks being served to the men. Dc
casionally Harnan would whisper tC
the bookkeepers for information a.
to how the books stood, and wher
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1909-04-23
RICH STRIKE MADE
IN UNION NO. 9
AT MANHATTAN
Promises to Become Second Mohawk
milo Plamenaz the Lucky Operator
of Leases Strikes Ore That Will Put
Him on Easy Street

MANHATTAN, April 22.-The
Plamenaz lease on the Union No. 8
gives greater promise of developing
into a second Mohawk than anything
yet encountered in Manhattan. A
representative of the Mail visited the
mine this morning and to say that he
was surprised with what he saw is
putting it very mildly
At the 291-foot level, in the in
cline shaft, body of ore has been
broken into that is richer than any
thing else found in the camp. From
the surface to the bottom of the in
cline the lead has been followed,
varying in width from only a few
inches to two feet. Drifts were run
on the $50 and 235-foot levels and
ore was taken out that milled on an
average of $40 to the ton in gold. A
drift is now being pushed south on
the 235-foot level and the incline is
being sunk on the vein.
In the incline shaft below the 1885,
loot level and down to the 282-foot
point, the pay streak was cratic,
ranging from four to twelve inches
in width. At the 2S2-foot point the
pay streak was four inches wide, and
at 291 it had widened to twenty
inches. Fourteen inches of the vein
matter is conglomerate composed
principally of altered schist and su-
gar quartz with considerable of the
characteristic egg-shell spar of that
section of the camp, and six inches of
blue lime-shale sulphide The in
cline is being sunk, breaking from
the hanging wall, which is very
smooth and along which is a highly
oxidized gouge of tale and mangan-
ese. Concerning the value of the ore,
Mr. Plamenaz gave out the following
statement to the Mail
THE fourteen inches of altered
schist and quartz will run between
$500 and $4,000 to the ton and the
sulphides will average close to $3.50
lper ton. From the latter l had an
average sample run here which went
$145.60 and another in Tonopah
which went $161.30 in gold to the
ton. At the 2S9-foot point l took a
sample across fourteen inches of the
unaltered schist on the footwall and
it assayed $3.50 per ton"
The hanging wall is porphyry and
the footwall is schist At the 245-
foot point the ledge begins straight
ening up and is now approaching
nearly the vertical.
To prevent ''high-grading, Mr..