davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wenatchee daily world. [volume] (Wenatchee, Wash.) 1905-1971, 1909-08-19
PROF. WALDEN ON CARE Of.
SP|TzENBERG APPLES
Answers Query of C. A. Leedy Of
Sunnyslope as to Why His Six Year
Old Trees Would Not Bear This Sea-
son as Politically as He Imagined
They Should

shoot, the larger will be the amount
of food stored up. In the case of
plants, therefore, in which we desire
TO increase the number of Towering
buds, our method of cultivation aims
at producing as large a number Of
leaves as possible, and at giving them
a sufficient time for assimilation. But
we must also ensure a period of rest
at the right time
We smile at the idea that our fruit
trees must wait twelve or fifteen
years before We can expect the for
nation of fruit buds. But we must
bear in mind that this book from
which We quote was written in Ger
many and has to do with the condi-
tons there. In some parts Of Amer
lea the same conditions largely OBJ
tain, but not so on the Pacific coast
Here trees reach the bearing age in
half the time and sometimes much
sooner. But the underlying principles
are the same, and if we can rightly
apply them, we can intelligently pro-
coed What Sorauer calls the period
of ''apical growth" is what causes
the variations in the coming into
bearing of our different varieties of
apples. Till this youthful period"
is passed, no fruit buds will be
formed. Do what we may, we can
not do away with this "apical
growth" No doubt but Mr.. Leedy has
noticed this difference in coming in
to bearing.
Let me give an illustration from
my own experience: In the spring of
1905 We top grated about 1000 of
our oldest apple trees. They were
mostly Ben Davis, Missouri Pippin
and Northern Spy. We grated these
trees to Rome Beauty, Jonathan,
Winesap, Arkansas Black. Spitzen-
burg and Newtowns. The stock on
which we grated seemed to make no
appreciate difference on the earli-
ness of bearing-the difference was
wholly in the scions, hence, it was
the variety that made the difference.
In two years after doing this grating
that is, 1907, the results were as fol-
lows: The Rome Beauty tops aver
, able apples to the tree; the Jonathans
came next with about half that many;
the Winesaps did not yield a half
box to the tree, and the Arkansas
Blacks about the same; but the Spit
Zenburgs and Newtowns did not aver
The Wenatchee daily world. [volume] (Wenatchee, Wash.) 1905-1971, 1909-08-19

Professor Walden. horticultural
editor of the Ranch, in the current
number of that publication, answers
a query of c. A. Leedy of Sunnyslope
regarding the care of Spitzenburg ap-
pies. The question and the answer
is as follows:
Twill you kindly tell me If you
ever had any experience in forcing
Spitzenburg apples to bear? Our
Spitzenburg trees are in their sixth
season. We rather expected fair
crop on them, but instead there are
scarcely any. We summer pruned
them last season, thinking this would
encourage them to set fruit buds,
which they seemed to DO, but the
flowers failed to appear. Some say
to starve them for water. Would
like to have your opinion on this sub
ject."
This letter opens up very impor-
tant matter which needs attention
from our intelligent fruit growers.
have never mad any experience in
forcing the Spitzenberg, but | have
studied this whole question of the
formation of fruit buds and have ex-
perimented to some extent in this
line. I believe 1 can best answer Mr..
Leedy's question by general treat
ment of the subject.
There, are a good many things we
should understand that bear on the
formation of fruit buds First, it may
be stated that there is a marked diff
ference in varieties of the apple in
coming into bearing. l shall quote
literally from Sorauer's great work,
"a Treatise on the Physiology of
Plants" in setting before our readers
the causes that lead to the formation
of fruit buds SOrauer says: 'In the
case of trees, we may also observe
that the formation of fruits is not
commenced in the earlier years of
growth, when the trees are occupied
with the development of their crown.
Oaks generally attain an age of fifty
years, frs twenty years, and our fruit
trees, with artificial aid, twelve or
fifteen years before the development
of new branches has so far abated as
to allow the formation of short flow
ering shoots to take place. Only when
this youthful period is over does the
APPEAL growth of the branches cease
at the proper period and sufficient nu-
triment is stored up in the axis. The
greater the number of leaves on each
The Wenatchee daily world. [volume] (Wenatchee, Wash.) 1905-1971, 1909-08-19

the penalty of light crop or no crop
at all the next summer. It Is possible
that friend Leedy may have allowed
his trees to be irrigated too late, or
possibly there is seepage of water
that keeps up the growth to the detri-
ment Of the formation of fruit buds.
1t is we'll known that summer prun-
ing tends to fruitfulness. The reason
for this is that the returning sap is
checked and thus stored up about the
fruit spurs. 1t Is possible that Mr..
Leedy's summer pruning last year
The Wenatchee daily world. [volume] (Wenatchee, Wash.) 1905-1971, 1909-08-19

was unsuccessful owing to the too
free use of water late in the season,
thus resulting in changing the al
ready formed fruit buds by turning
them into leaf buds, as we certainly
did in the case above cited.
Some one may want to ask how we
can proceed where We do not irrigate.
That is hard question to answer.
We should try to secure the rest rec
commended by Sorauer by ceasing cul-
tivation at the proper time. Usually
it happens that the railfall is light
in the latter part of summer and in
such cases nature helps us out. But
I have no doubt that there are times
when the scant formation of fruit
buds and the consequent shortness of
the crop the next season is owing to
the stimulating effect of late summer
and fall rains. The causes Of this
shortness of the crop is not very Of
ten sought in the conditions that pre-
vailed the previous season. We have
been in the habit of claiming much
for irrigation in fruit growing be-
cause we can control our water sup
ply by giving it to our orchards when
it is very much needed, but we have
not been in the habit of claiming that
We can benefit the crop by withhold
ing the water supply when it may af-
feet the next years crop. But irriga-
ton works both ways.
We must bear in mind that on the
Pacific coast. and especially the
north Pacific coast, We are growing
fruit under conditions dissimilar to
those in any other part Of the world.
In some respects this is greatly to
our advantage, but we must remem-
Der that under such conditions new
problems may arise and we must
learn to solve them. I have repeat
eddy said in these columns that some
of our favorable conditions give us
an advantage that can no where else
be duplicated. This Is great asset
for us, and we are likely to make all
We can out of this fact. But there
are some things that we must thor
oughly understand, as far as they can
be understood, or we are likely to
suffer from our mistakes. 1t is
great pleasure to me to give my de-
clining years to the study of some of
these problems and trust that the
reads of the The Ranch may be prof.
tied by my studies.
The Wenatchee daily world. [volume] (Wenatchee, Wash.) 1905-1971, 1909-08-19

ship. The fight is still a year dis
tant, but when it comes the Buckeye
state will undoubtedly be the focus
of all eyes in the political world, for
the result probably will have an I'M
portant bearing on the next presi-
Dental contest
Governor Harmon will be renomi-
mated by the democrats without OPP
position, according to the present
program The republican leaders
recognize the necessity of defeating
him for a second term in order that
he may not become a formidable fig
ure for the democratic presidential
nomination in 1912. If he should be
reelected to the governorship, he un-
doubtedly would be a strong figure
in the next democratic presidential
convention. If defeated he would
probably not be. The Ohio republi-
can leaders have no desire to see
the presidential campaign with VIM.
H. Taft of Ohio and Judson Harmon
of Ohio leading the two tickets, es-
pecially If Harmon should be made
governor twice. So they are already
laying the wires to accomplish his
political downfall.
Nearly every prominent republican
in Ohio is being considered by the
politicians to determine whether he
is the right man to pit against Gov
Harmon in the coming race. Senator
Burton was mentioned for a time as
possible nominee for the governor
ship. but his stand in regard to the
tariff bill is believed to have put him
out of the running. Representative
Nicholas Longworth is now one of
the possibilities who are being dis
cussed for the governorship. Ex-
Secretary of the Interior James r.
Garfield is also mentioned, as is rep
resentative Albert Douglas, who sue
ceeded the veteran Grosvenor. Still
others whose names are mentioned
in connection with the head of the
next state ticket are Judge Taylor
of Cleveland and Carmi Thompson,
former secretary of state of Ohio.
1t is regarded as quite likely that
President Taft will have a Ginger
in the pie when 1t comes to the
final choice of a candidate for gov
ernor on the republican ticket. At
least 1t is not possible that a man
will be nominated without the presi-
dent puts his stamp of approval on
him. The republican leaders of Ohio
believe that the stand taken by the
president for lower duties will help
the republican party to pull through
In the Buckeye state at the next
beneral election.
The Wenatchee daily world. [volume] (Wenatchee, Wash.) 1905-1971, 1909-08-19

age five apples to the tree. In 1908
the relative proportions remained
about the same. The fact is that the
Spitzenburgs and the Newtowns are
last in coming into bearing. Why
one variety of the apple will come in
to bearing early and another variety
will be late is something we can not
answer. Why the stock will not at
feet the scion in such cases Is equally
unsolvable. That the same variety
of apple will come into bearing SOON
err in one locality while it will be
lated in another, and sometimes not
many miles away, is an undisputed
fact, but what leads to this difference
we know but little about. We may
say that it is the climate Or the soil,
or both, and may be right in our con-
lectures, but neither is wholly under
our control.
Some things are made very clear
in this extract from Sorauer One is
that we must have a good growth Of
leaves to secure the formation of
fruit buds. If the leaves are in a
healthy and vigorous condition there
will be storing up of food material,
which is an essential to the formation
of fruit buds. The closing statement
in this quotation is the key to what
we can do in assisting nature in this
work of forming fruit buds. Note
well this statement: But we must
also ensure period of rest at the
right time" But what is the right
time? This able writer shows that
fruit buds are formed in the latter
part of the summer But this forma-
tion of Towering buds will not take
place If we stimulate the growth of
the trees at that time. The terminal
buds must cease or no fruit buds will
be formed and even If they are slim
ulated, they will turn to leaf buds.
want to give again my experience
along this line. When we were pick
ing some Rome Beauty apples in Oc-
tober, 1906, found that a leak had
sprung in a flume and the ground
around a half dozen trees was so
soaked we could not drive across it.
We thought nothing of the matter till
the next years crop was ready to
pick when we found that while the
other trees adjoining yielded from
twelve to twenty boxes to the tree,
these six trees did not yield one box
to all of them. This puzzled me, so
read Sorauer's book again carefully
and found these statements bearing
on the case: IF water is freely given,
and no resting period is allowed, the
leaf development alone takes place,
as the tip of the shoot grows on con-
tinuOusly, and remains the center of
attraction for the ascending sap"
therefore, in many respects, the same
structure as the normal green leaf,
and We must, therefore, not be sur
priced if at times, when there is a
considerable tendency for the devel-
opment of green leaves, the stamens
themselves should become transform
ed into green leaves" page lis.
/ could quote much more from this
book to the same effect, but must for
bear at this time. The lesson we learn
from this way of viewing this matter
is that if we want to assist in the
formation of fruit buds we must not
apply water to our trees late in the
summer. Give the trees a rest, or pay
GENERAL ADVERTISING
The Wenatchee daily world. [volume] (Wenatchee, Wash.) 1905-1971, 1909-08-19

Columbus, O., Aug. 19.-The po-
litical pot in Ohio Is already begin
ming to simmer In anticipation OF
the next contest for the governor.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1909-12-10

VAT ASHINGTON, Dec. 9.-More than
W. a dozen delegates to the conven-
tion of the National Rivers and
Harbors congress telling what they
thought about the policy of improving
the water ways of the United States
and methods that should be pursued
in bringing about the end desired by
all, characterized the meeting of that
organization. One of the strongest
pleas for national Improvement Of the
waterways was made by Secretary
Nagle of the department of commerce
and labor who declared that the ma
ture of the Interstate navigation made
it incumbent upon the government to
provide water courses for commerce
Neither private enterprise nor stats
appropriations could be permitted to
improve these highways of the ma
tion, he said, so that If they were to
be looked after at all, the general
government must do it. Without max
ing distinct reference to the issuance
of bonds for the work, he suggested
that whatever was to be done should
be accomplished in a way to insure
the prompt completion of compre-
hensive project. '..
Representative Hampton j. Moore,
president of the Atlantic Deep Water
ways convention, aroused an unusual
degree of enthusiasm He showed how
the east had been outstripped by the
middle and far west in transportation
facilities, which in the car shortage
of 1906 and 1907, caused the people
Of the east to awaken to the need of
the inland passages along the Atlantic
coast as a means of placing induss
tries there more nearly upon an equal
ity with those of the middle west and
of the Pacific coast.
One of the most interesting speak
ers of the day was Senator Burton,
who without taking issue with those
who advocated a bond issue, reminded
them that he had a couple OF "don'ts"
for them to remember. He admonish'
ed them not to allow any sectional
ism to enter into their efforts for wa
terways improvement and cautioned
them against abusing the rivers and
harbors committee.
]. A. Cullilane, chairman of the New
York canal commission, indicated his
dissatisfaction with what the national
government had done for water inn
provement by showing that while con-
gress had appropriated $4O,OO0,OOO for
such work in New York the state it
self had appropriated $35o,000,OOO for
that purpose.
Herbert Knox Smith, commissioner
of corporations, suggested to the dele
gates the wisdom of providing in any
thing they should do that local COM
munities to be benefited by water
ways improvements should furnish
suitable terminals.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1909-12-10
INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION IS
FAVORED BY FEDERATION

WASHINGTON, Dec. 9.-Industrial
education, which formed a lively topic
at the Toronto convention of the
American Federation of Labor. is to
be taken up with the national depart
ment of commerce and labor, it was
announced today.
AS result of the deliberations at
Toronto. committee was appointed,
consisting of President Gompers, Vice
Presidents John Mitchell and James
O'Conner, and Secretary Frank Nor
rison, to confer with Secretary Nagel
and Commissioner Neill with a view
to having the labor bureau make a
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1909-12-10
Officials ! Would Gioe
NoA SSiStdnce to
Enton1bed Men

NHERRY. H., Dec. 9.-InQuiry by
the coroner's jury into the cause
of the st. Paul mine disaster, in
which 300 men were killed, came to
an abrupt close today without YER
dict being reached
The jury announced it would not
consider returning verdict until
Alexander Rosenjack and Robert
Deane, missing witnesses, either had
been found or county officials showed
evidences of a genuine desire to find
them.
1t was agreed 10 adjourn until Dec.
20 to give officials opportunity to
search for the witnesses.
Immediately preceding the adjourn
ment, John Hand. miner from Spring
Valley, who was among the first res
cuing party to enter the mine while
the fires were raging the day follow
ing the disaster, testified that he had
heard signals for assistance from en-
tombed miners, but that he could get
no help from officials or experts to
whom he told his story.
The miner said he was standing at
the top of the shaft when he heard re-
peated tappings that could not have
been caused by anything but the picks
of the entombed miners.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1909-12-10

A LL the members of the Brother
went out in sympathy with the
switchmen's union when the strike
of that organization was called a week
ago Tuesday, last evening reported at
the yard office for work. The men
had little to say except that they
were obeying the orders of the leaders
of their union and that at the time
they walked out they believed they
were doing the right thing. Some of
them admit, however, that there was
some confusion regarding the original
strike order, and that the B. r. T. men
who left their jobs understood that the
orders had come from their own union
or that their union was in sympathy
with the switchmen.
AS a result of the return to work
of the members of the B. R. T. three
switch engines were operating in this
city last night and additional crews
will be put to work today, five men
who have been off being assigned to
day work According to Agent Vel
tum this places the road in excellent
condition to handle all freight and the
embargo which has been placed on
shipments is removed and the depot
will be working full blast today
At the Great Northern yards the
places of the six members of the
switchmen's union who walked out
have been filled by strikebreakers and
the road is reported to be handling all
its business in a satisfactory manner.
Yesterday stock for shipment was
loaded at the stockyards and several
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1909-12-10
HANDS OFF,
SAYS CHINA
Administrative Rights
Were Not Conferred
Upon Russia
CT. PETERSBURG, Dec. 9.-The de-
tnilr of +hn r,n4oa4- As ~.

CT. PETERSBURG, Dec. 9.-The de-
tails of the protest of the Chinese
government to the Russian memo
randum has been received here. In it
China declares specifically that the
administration of affairs at Harbin
and at other points in Manchuria does
not concern Russia.
The protest also contends that the
agreement of 1896 between China and
the Russo-Chinese bank, creating the
Chinese Eastern railway as we'll as the
Harbin agreement of last May, yield
no administrative rights to Russia
On the contrary, the contract of 1896
entrusted the defense of the railroad
to China.
1t is thought the protest may be
preliminary to demand by China
for the withdrawal Of Russian railroad
guards in Manchurias
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1909-12-10
UNIVERSITY RECTOR DECLARES THAT
COOK CHARGES ARE BASED ON FICTION
Man Who Says lie Was Not Paid for Work, Alleges That He
Assisted in Faking Explorers RecOrds--hed9es
In Statement but Expresses UnbeIief

COPENHAGEN, Dec. 9.-Dr. Torp,
Y. rector of the University of Copen-
hagen, said tonight that the
charges published in the New Times
against DR.. Frederick A. Cook are
based on pure fiction.
Nevertheless, he added, he would
accept the offer to examine the docu-
ments presented by Messrs. Loose and
Dunkle, which the Times has agreed
to send to Copenhagen.
Walter Lonsdale, secretary to DR..
Cook, who brought the explorers rec
ords to Copenhagen, also declared that
the accusation published in New York
and London against DR.. Cook were
totally unfounded.
He said that the papers delivered to
the University of Copenhagen con-
tained the original observations made
by DR.. Cook on the expedition, without
alterations.
Mr. Lonsdale said that the explor-
er's report was founded on these and
dictated by DR.. Cook to him, no other
persons having anything to do with it.
Loose and Dunkle, Mr.. Lonsdale
added, were guests at the Waldorf
Astoria when DR.. Cook was there, but
the explorers acquaintance with them
was slight.
The committee which will examine
DR.. Cooks records is composed of the
following:
Prof Ellis Stronger, director of the
astronomical observatory; Dr. C. F.
Pechule, astronomer attached to the
observatory; Gustav Holm, explorer;
Prof. A. B. Yensen, director of the
school of navigation; DR.. Doyder, di-
rector of the meteorological office, and
DR.. F. A. Engstrom, director of the
I4und observatory. ..
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1909-12-10

WASHINGTON, Dec. 9.-Attention to
WI plague conditions on the Pacific
coast is given by the surgeon
general of the public health and ma
rine hospital service in his annual re-
port made public today. No cases of
human plague occurred in San Fran
cisco in 1909, he says, and there were
only four cases of rat plague. The
effect. of inspections by the service in
San Francisco, he continues. has been
to place San Francisco in a satisfac-
tory sanitary condition. The service
has been engaged in war of exter-
mination on rats and ground squirrels.
and while many squirrels have been
killed on the coast, only in Contra
Costa, Cal, was serious condition
of infection found among them.
In India, according to the report, the
plague has shown noticeable decrease.
For the fiscal year 1909 there were
16S, ,4O3 cases, against 730,720 for the
previous fiscal year. and more than
1,022,000 for the fiscal year 1907. The
United States continues to be menaced
by the plague IN the West IndeS as
we'll as in the Azores.
The surgeon general discusses the
hookworm disease at some length, and
says that "the failure of required leg
islation has prevented a campaign OF
education in connection with the state
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1909-12-10
PUNISHED FOR DOING DUTY
r OFFICER SECURES RELEASE

LOS ANGELES, Cal, Dec. 9-After
serving. two and a half years in
Mexican prison. Antonio Feliz return
ed to Los Angeles today. Feliz was
employed as a special officer by Sher-
iff Hammil of Los Angeles county,
then chief of police, to bring across
the Mexican line Juan Pueblo, who
murdered a Mexican in Santa Monica
in 1904. He succeeded in delivering
his man to Hammil, but was himself
captured by the Mexicans and was
condemned to be shot for abduction,
Through the efforts Of Sheriff Hammil
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1909-12-10

Please notice that l have never
said that DR.. Cook is about to submit
my calculations to the University of
Copenhagen as his own observations.
Dr. Cook never intimated such to me.
l was working for money and was in
different on that point. New, haven't t
received my pay. / don't express an
opinion about when or how DR.. Cook
wrote up his record books.
DIR. Cook never allowed me to in
spect his original records, or, indeed
any more of them than has been pub
lished in the newspapers"
Captain Loose said the writing down
of seconds in DR.. Cooks reports of
his observations did not show "a skill
full attempt to deceive"
The limits of error were so great
that the recording of seconds would
not be of the slightest value in adding
accuracy, declared the captain
Still, of course" he added, 'Dr
Cook could have looked at his instru-
ments, seen the seconds and put them
down consistently if in ignorance OF
their lack of Importance"
AS to whether he thought it pos
sible for DR.. Cook to declare now that
these calculated observations by Cap
tain Loose were simply for comparison
of his own, Captain Loose said:
"Dr. Cook probably will say this, but
why does he need any such calcula-
tions and reckonings backward as
made for him? Why did he need any
one to make calculations for him, il
he is navigator and mathematician
and if he went to the pole and took
careful observations on the way to
and from the pole?"