The Republican., 1909-12-09

tnluIulIZe Cne Danger ana To C5fTry Ure
surface water To lis nearest and best
exit point II is Lot enough to get the
water of and our from the road, but il
must he got away from the road.
When we have done this we can com
mence 10 property construct the sub
grade. and not before.
As general proposition. in accom-
plishing a well built Sub-grade it is al
ways well To rcmnve all Ioam. roots
and vegetable matter from the pro
posed travel part Of the road: also
everything of Springy nature or any
thing found i'll eNcavaIiu@ for said
roadway that will be liahlc 20 hpave or
settle and ill al such places with
clean sand or gravel
Where il is necessary To ill To trim"
the Sub-@rade up to the height required
/ have found in my practice where the
filling exceeds one foot in depth that
the filling should be deposited in
courses not TO exceed twelve inches i'm
depth. loose measurement. and require
that each course shall he extended
across the entire ill and completed be
fore commencing another course. no
matter if the ill be two or twenty
feet And this method should be fol
lowed with each succeeding course m
til the established grade is reached
The constant travelling over each OF
the courses by the teams employed in
handling the material will remove the
possibility of ever having "a cracked
ill or one that will slide after the road
has been constructed This Is Il very
important matter. | find. and / have
used it in my work in my own state
! also find that in the cuts il is well
not to plow down below that point
that is to be the finished grade ot the
sub-grade but TO keep it a sufficient
height above that SO that when the
roller is placed on the work it will
make good solid foundation. and Won
will not have TO resort to Cling in the
cut to bring the Sub-gradc up TO the
grade desired. These two principles
of cut and fill will be found to work
to great advantage in the proper con.
StructiOn OF Il road.
The shape. or contour. of the sub
grade has been somewhat a matter of
controversy. some engineers holding t.
the level line foundation and putting
on an extra depth of stone or material
in the center to make the contour or
shed from the ccuter line Of the road
to the bermS or shoulders. while other
engineers have given the Sub-grade or
foundation upon which the wearing
material is 10 be placed the same con
tour rs the finished road. have used
this latter method in my own work in
my state by reason of the fact | he
lievP IT makes a better foundation and
that the uniform depth of stone at the
shoulders will assist in holding the
crown of the road in shape and fur
nish a sustainment at the shoulder
line better than to have less depth
of stone at the shoulders and Il greater
depth at the center of the road 1t
also assists i'm case of breaking up of
the road or a fracture or other dcyel-
opments in draining to the side, or
shoulder. Of the road
The forming of the shoulders is a
very important matter They are real
ly the support of the road 1t has al
ways been my practice when making a
shoulder in the fills 10 lay out my road
and put the newly added material ten
or twelve inches into the new travel
path. tamping it down firmly and then
cutting back to the line thereby max
ing good. firm shoulder to work to
and to hold in place the stone or grav
el in the travel path of The road.
1t is a difficult matter to treat this
question as inteIigently through the
medium of the written word as it
would he with charts. but if these
principles are followed in building the
sub-grade a good foundation upon
which to put the wearing surface will
result.-JameS II. Macdonald. State
Highway Commissioner of Connect
cut. in Good Roads Magazine. New
York