New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1909-01-13
OLDEN DAY SURGEONS
They Were Exempt From Jury
Duty In Capital Cases.
IN A CLASS WITH BUTCHERS

IN "A CLASS With BUTCHERS
Thought to Be Too B1oodthirsty to
Calmly Pass on the Taking Of Hu-
man -Executioners Performed
Operations and Acted as Doctors.
When Great Britain's statute book
was still in the Draconian state from
which it was redeemed by Sir Samuel
Romilly and the penalty Of death was
inflicted for the most trivial offenses,
surgeons were exempted from serving
on juries in capital cases.
It must not be supposed, however,
that this was because their profession
was believed to make them too humane
for such work as was then imposed on
jurymen. We are sorry to say it was
for the opposite reason. They were ex-
empted on the same ground as butch.
ers, whose occupation, it was thought,
tended to make them too bloodthirsty.
This ought not perhaps surprise us,
since two or three centuries ago ex-
ecutioners not infrequently performed
surgical operations. This seems to
have been particularly the case in Den
mark. At any rate, we have more
knowledge Oh this point in regard to
that country than any other.
In Janus some time ago DR.. X. Caroe
of Copenhagen published a number Of
documents bearing on the subject. The
most ancient Of these bears date July
"a, 1879, and is license issued by
Frederick H. to Anders Freimut, ex-
ecutioner of Copenhagen, granting him
the right to set bones and treat old
wounds. He was expressly forbidden
to NEEDLE with recent wounds. In
1909 it is recorded in the municipal
archives of Copenhagen that Gaspar,
the hangman, had received four rigs
dalers for the cure of two sick chill
dren in the infirmary.
In 1888 Christian w. summoned the
executioner of Gluckstadt, in Holstein,
to examine the diseased foot of the
crown prince. In letter addressed to
Ole Worm, leading Danish physi-
clan of the day, Henry Roster, physi-
clan in ordinary to the king, complains
bitterly of the slight thus put upon
him. He says that for two whole
months the hangman, "who is as fit to
treat the case as an ass is to play the
Tyre" had the case in hand, and the
doctor was not asked for advice, and,
although the case went steadily from
bad to worse, the executioner received
fee Of 200 rigsdalers and large
silver goblet-"rewards," says the doc
tor plaintively, (which the greatest
among us would not have received
had he succeeded in curing the prince
according to the rules Of art''
Again. in 1851, Christian V. gave a
fee Of 200 rigsdalers to the Copen-
hagen hangman for curing the leg of
a page. In 1895 Andreas Liebknecht,
the Copenhagen executioner was in
such repute or his treatment of dis
ease that he wrote book on the
subject Gin the name Of the holy and
ever blessed Trinity" In 1882 Bergen.
an executioner in Norway, was au-
thorized by royal decree to practice
surgery.
Even up to the early years Of the
nineteenth century this extraordinary
association Of surgery with the last
penalty Of the law continued. Erik
Peterson, who was appointed public
executioner at Trondhjem in 1896,
served as surgeon to an infantry regi-
ment in the war with Sweden and re-
tired in 1914 with the rank of surgeon
major. Frederick I. of Prussia chose
his favorite hangman, Coblenz, to be
his physician in ordinary.
1t might be suspected that this pc
culiar combination Of functions had
its origin in satirical view Of the art
Of healing, but in the records we have
quoted we can trace nothing Of the
kind. Perhaps the executioner drove
trade in human fat and other things
supposed to possess marvellous heal.
ing properties. He may thus have
come to be credited with skill in heal.
ing, though the association surely rep.
resents the lowest degree to which the
surgeon has ever fallen in public es-
TEEN and social position. Compared
with the hangman, gladiator and
even an undertaken may be considered
pectable.-British Medical Journal.