davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04
: REQUEST REFUSED.
Admiral Schroeder Declines to Turn
Williams Over to Civil Authorities.

Provincetown, Mass, Aug. 3.-Rear
Admiral Schroeder tonight refused 20
surrender David w. Williams, Of
Marietta, Ga, to Ernest Bradford Of
the state police. who came from Bos
ton today to arrest Williams as a re-
suit Of the boxing bout held on the BAT
tleship Vermont, Friday night. when
his opponent Harrison n. Foster, was
so injured that he died soon after. It
was claimed that the bout was arrang-
ing picture machine.
The warrant charged Williams with
manslaughter. Admiral Schroeder. in
refusing to give up the man to the
state authorities. stated that he did not
deny the jurisdiction of the state, but
that the government had instituted an
inquiry and he wished to wait until
that investigation had been concluded
before acting further in the matter.
He promised officer Bradford that he
would notify him tonight or tomorrow
morning of the result of the inquiry
and as to whether he would give Will
hams up. 1t was stated that if the
man will not be surrendered by Ad-
miral Schroeder Attorney General
Malone will take the matter up with
the authorities at Washington.
The fleet was augmented today Dy
the arrival of the fast cruiser squad
ron. consisting of the armOrod cruiser,
North Carolina and Montana and the
second-cfass cruiser New York, which
arrived early in the day from tn.
Mediterranean. tOn board the North
Carolina were Lieut.. Ut1ey and DR.
Cook who are expected to leave at
once for Annapolis as witnesses i'm the
Sutton trial. After being in the har-
Dor two hours, the two armored cruis-
els left for Boston, while tonight the
New York went up to Bston to coal
None of the crews came ashore
There was little practice or drill Of
any sort aboard the ships TO-DAY. the
crews being busy in preparing the YES
seis for~the start for Hampton Roads
tomorrow. All the fleet, with the ex
ception of the battleship Maine, will
make an early start. according to the
plans tonight
The Maine will remain behind. owing.
1t is stated to minor trouble with her
boilers. which must be repaired. She
Will leave as soon as the repairs can
be made.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04

White T'lains, n Y, Aug. 3.-=Three
of those medical men known as all
EXISTS, who have such a familiar part
of modern criminal court procedure
united in the supreme court today to
make it unpleasant for Harry *.
ThaW.. All three testified that re was
insane, and when Tbaw took the stand.
briefly after some disconcerting testi-
mony, he was plainly rutf'ed and merry
Gus, but Mr.. Jerome dismissed him
after few comparatively unimport-
ant questions.
Of the aliensts who testified-Dr
Austin Flint, DIR. William Hirsch and
DIR. Amos H. Baker. the last named
gave testimony of the most import
ance. He is acting superintendent OF
Matteawan and appears as witness
without compensation, the only alienist
in the case with this distinction. Jus
tice Mills called attention to this fact
and took a hand in questioning him.
DR.. Baker said that in his opinion
Thaw was not only insane now. but a
dangerous person to be at large.
1t was shortly after this declaration
that Mr. Jerome quickly called Thaw
to the stand. He was pale and APP
parently shaken and kept removing
trict attorney put some rather inco-
herent notes written by the prisoner
in evidence and asked him to explain
them. After parties back and forth
and luxurious explanations by Thaw
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04
WINTHROP,
Winthrop Team to Play
At Watervi|Ie TODAY.
Successful Food Sale al
Congregational vestry.
Other Local Items and lettings
Of Personal Interest.

Misses Bertha and Alice Wentworth
have returned from Wilton.
Carl Hartman has gone on trip to
Boston.
Mr.. and Mrs Fred Goodwin OF
Brookline, Mass, are stopping AT
Cralg's Point.
Lee Hanson has gone to Danvers
Mass, where he will be employed in
the Insane hospital.
Mrs. Geo. Fl. Webster and daughte,
Grace, of Somerville. Mass. are stop
ping at the home of n. n. knight.
Geo. Hamblen is making a 10-days
visit at Canton.
Jean Cote left yesterday for trip &c
Canada.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Taylor and fami-
ly are visiting relatives i'm Brunswick
and Bath.
Miss Lena Nelson. who has beer
stopping at Eaglecrest cottage has re-
turned to her home in Wakefield, Mass
WinthrOp's defenders Oh the diamond
will meet the Fairfield team at Water
vile today. There is a game at home
Saturday with the Gardiner club
A very successful Food sale was held
yesterday afternoon at the Congrega
tional vestry, large stock of goods be
ing disposed of and good sum realiz
ed. The tables We're i'm charge of Mrs.
Winnie Gale and Mrs. c. H. Shaw.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04
GUESTS OF HONOR.
Continued from Page One)

the world. 1t most certainly presents
excellent openings for capitalists. and
ample inducements should be offered
them to come here. The home maker
and actual settler and not the specu-
lator. should be encoura ged in making
TINS white mans country.
Remember that righteousness and
our real ultimate self-intereSt demand
that the blacks he treated Justly. 7
nave no patience with Sentimentalists.
and / think that sentimentalitv does
more harm to individuals than brutal
lty. therefore | believe in helping the
missionary, of whatever creed, who is
laboring sincerely and disinterestedly
with practical good sense.
cit is natural that I should have a
peculiar feeling for the settlers. They
remind me of the men in our West.
with whom l worked and in whose as
piratlons ! so deeply sympathize" In
conclusion Mr.. Roosevelt drew a COM
parlson of the conditions as he had
found them in British East Africa with
those that confronted the pioneers of
Western America.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04
PUBLISHERS GET CONCESSIONS.
John Norris Issues Bulletin Regard
ing Tariff on Pulp and Paper.

New York, Aug. 3:-John Norris.
the American Newspaper Publishers
Association has issued bulletin relat-
ing to the tariff on pulp and paper in
which he says:
I'm the proposed tariff bill publishers
have secured the abolition of the duty
of $1.67 per ton on ground wood. They
obtained reduction from Sc per ton
to SHE per ton on print paper-a saving
of approximately $2.700000 per anum
in the cost of news print paper to con-
sumers. The publishers had asked for
free print paper. The selection of the
House had recommended 50 per ton. The
Senate raised the rate to 81 per ton and
the conferees had substantially agreed
on compromise rate of So per ton
when President. Taft announced to
Congressional callers on or before Sat
urday, July "A, that a 81 rate was nee
essary for the application of the pro-
lection principle to print paper. The
President made this announcement
without that full and impartial ascer-
tainment of cost to which the consum-
ers We're entitled. and in disregard of
numerous and voluntary assurances
that he had given in favor of the lower
rate. In accordance with that intima-
ton from the President, the conferees
reported $3.75 per ton. which will prob
ably he adopted. If the publishers had
not inaugurated their campaign for a
reduction of duty it is likely that the
papermaliers would have secured an
increase from Sc per ton to So or $40
per ton on print paper upon their rep
reservations that American wood had
increased in cost to the extent of Sc
per ton of paper produced
Under the new schedules each province
of Canada is regarded as unit so that
Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, which
expectation of pulp or paper. can imme-
diateE avail themselves of the new tariff
rate. Quebec has stumpage tax of
p cents per cord of wood cut from crown
lards for expectation from which the pro-
vince obtains a revenue of $4,000 per an
mum. There is no stumpage in Quebec on
wood cut from other lands. ontario pro-
hibits absolutely the expectation of wood
cut from crown lands. New Foundland
also prohibits the expectation of pulp
wood.
american papermakers hold leases on
l.. 900 square miles of crown lands in the
province of Quebec for which they pay
an annual rental and i'm addition fixed
price of Ga cents for every cord cut These
leases expire in 1910, and it is given out
that within three weeks from the date
of the signing of the Payne bill the terms
of the new Quebec leases will be promul-
gated. 1t is barely possible that Quebec
may regard the new legislation as the
best obtainable and abolish its stumpage-
tax If it should prohibit the exporta-
ton of pulp wood cut from crown lands'
the American owners of timber rights
are prepared to set up complaint OF
A serious tanSle is threat
cred with possibilities of pulp wood
and a trade war between Canada
and the United States
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04
GEN. H. G. WORTHiNGToN.
Last Lincoln PaIlbearer Dies in Wash
ington, D. c.

Washington Aug. BY the death
of Gen. Henry G. Worthington at Gar
field Hospital the only living reminder
OF the assa ssination and burial of Pres
ident Abraham Lincoln has passed
away.
Gen. Worthington was the last sur
wing pallbearer who otticated at the
k,neral of the martyred President. He
as an intimate friend of the American
Emancipation. and one of the proudest
3nemories of his long. eventful and
courageous life was that he assisted in
Ef2ring the distinguished President to
HIS last resting place.
Gen. WOrthington was 81 years old,
having been born in Cumberland, Md,
in 1928. His family connections brought
him from his earliest infancy into close
acquaintance with the leading men OF
the times. His father, while a slave
owner. was an antislavery advocate,
and was a friend of the great Clay, af-
ter whom the. general was named.
Taking up the study of law in his
youth. Gen. Worthington went to Cal
ifornia to practice opinions brought
him into hostile contact with the pro-
slavery sentiments held by most of
the prominent men on the coast, and
the result was a series of sanguinary
ducls. six out Of seven resulting fatally
to his turbulent. His public career was
equally turbulent and varied. He held
seat in the California legislature and
later was leader among the vigilant-
es. He afterward became a congress
sional delegate from Nevada, collector
of the port of Charleston, S. c.. minis
ter to Uruguay. United States court
judge, and major general of militia.
To this was added an almost success
full candidacy for the place of United
States senator of election by only two
votes.
Gen. Wortnington enjoyed the friend
ship Of Gen. Grant, and throughout his
long life was much in the company Of
the great men of the country.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04
MONARCHS CRUISE
While Their Ministers Dis
CuSs Matters 0tDip|0maCy.
Edward and Nicholas Watch
Yachts Race at CoweS.
Rulare Eninv 1hanae a1uae Alma rh
Rulers Enjoy Themselves Aboard
King Edwards Cutter.

Cowes. Aug liking Edward. accom-
panied by his guest, the Emperor of
Russia. ~lElo arrived here yesterday.
spent the day cruising on his old cut
ter Britannia, and in the meanwhile
NJ. lswClsky. the Russian minister Of
foreign affairs: Count Benckendorif,
the Russian ambassador to Great Brit
ain and Sir Edward Grey. the British
foreign secretary, discussed matters
OF diplomacy aboard the admiralty
Yacht E,nchantress.
King Edward and the Emperor wit
messed the start of the race for the
Kings cup, the principal event OF Re-
gatta week. as we'll as the COMPETE
ton of the i5-nletre boats. In this
event. King Alfonso's Hispania made
her first appearance in English waters
and took first Prize By a good margin.
She DEBATED five English. three Span
ish ard one French boat.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04
BANANAS GALORE.
Philadelphia Has Received About 61,'
100000 Since July 1.

Philadelphia, Aug. bananas should
he within the reach of every one if the
shipments of this fruit continue at the
rate that they have been coming to
the port within the last month. Over
5000 punches are being unlOaded from
three ships that entered the port re-
Gently. They We're the Livingstone
with 10000 lunches aboard; the Bea-
trice, with 17,433 punches. and the Alice
with $3.50 punches.
Since the first of July. thirty-one
shiploads of bananas have been unload
ed here. They aggregated a total of
609.333 punches. which is said to be the
average. Philadelphia has handled Co.
933 900 bananas during the month. 1t
is figured that this would give each
man. woman and child about forty ba-
nanas for, the month. or nearly half
bunch.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04

II rarely caused death and except IN
the last stages the patient might retain
his faculties unimpaired.
"Paranoiacs,' he concluded impress
sively. never recover"
DR.. Hirsch varied the general verdict
by declaring Thaw a degenerate para
noiac.'
Charles Morschauser Thaws attor-
ney, attacked this testimony with ev-
ery legal eXpeGient In DR.. Flint'S case
he endeavored to show that he had
gwen contradictory testimony in two
previous cases where he appeared as
an expert. He caused DR.. Hirsch some
unhappy moments by inquiring about
a book he is writing.
"Do you. in this book, claim that
Jesus Christ was a paranoiac?" he
asked.
The alienist's reply was that he
would not like to give any opinion on
the subject.
The alienists today delivered their
opinions of Thaw in answer to Jer-
ONES Hypothetical question. only a
small part of which was read. 1t dealt
mainly with Thaw's family history and
his early lie
The states alienist will occupy the
center of The stage for two days more
Mr.. Morschauser will continue tomor-
row his examination of either DR..
Flint or DR.. Hirsch, both of which
were left unfinished. DR.. Carlos F.
Macdonald has yet to testify. He will
be called by Jerome.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04
MADISON.

BLACKWELI.-Mr. and Mrs f. A.
Hilton of Norridgewock, Mrs. Barnes
and daughter, Maude, and Mrs. r. NJ
Gates and children, all of Skowhegan,
also Mrs. Maud Walton of Massachu
sets were guests Sunday of Mrs. Nj
NJ. Moore.
Misses Pearl and Eda Daaforth have
returned home from Pennington where
they have been the past three weeks
attending the summer Normal school
for teachers.
Mrs. W. Mantor PASSED Sunday in
Madison
John Murray of Madison passed the
Sabbath at home.
Mr.. and Mrs. +. T.. Davis attended
the Grange at Madison Saturday night.
Miss Lula Holway returned home
Saturday from Portland, where she has
been attending business college.
Miss Mary Livingstone. who has
been visiting her grandparents, re-
turned last week to her home IN Mad
ison.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04
PROTECTED BY NAVY ALONE.
Prime Minister Says EngIand's Safety
Rests on Naval Supremacy.

London. Aug. Bin the house of
commons today Prime Minister AS
qulth. announcing the result of an in
huiry Instituted at the ungent request
of FieM Marshal Lord Roberts by the
committee of national defense, regard
ing the possibility of an invasion of
England. said that the conclusions ar
rived at by the committee were that as
long as the naval supremacy of Great
Britain was adequately assured an in
vaaiHn on large scale, such as by 120,-
900 or 150.p00 men. was utterly impos-
sible.
IT, however. the command of the sea
should he lost Great Britain's suhjec-
ton hv an enemy would Re Inevitable,
whatever the strength of it's military
might be.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04
A PRELIMINARY LESSON.
First Regiment Receives instructions
At Portland ortifications.

Portland. Me. Aug. 3-An examine
ton of the Qualifications in small de-
tachments with regular officers and
non commissioned officers instruction
in nomenclature and uses of different
parts of guns, carriages. instruments,
etc. including dismounting blocks and
observation of drill by the regulars
occupied the time today Of the LIST Reg.
Gf the National Guard of Maine, when
is having its first tour of duty virtually
as a part of the coast artillery of the
Portland district.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04
THREE AL|EN|STS SWEAR
HARRY THAW IS INSANE.
SLAYER Of Stanford White Has Trying Day in Court
At White Palms. jerome Calls Thaw to
Stand After insanity Experts Testify.

as to the meaning of certain writings,
he said:
And I want You to know Mr..
Jerome that many of these notes you
call suggestions We're written at the
request of my lawyers
Mr.. Jerome pointed his finger at the
witness ana said:
DO you mean to sit there and tell
us. who observed you in both hOmi-
eide trials, that you did not believe
you knew more about the case than
your lawyers did?"
Il do, was Thaw'S Quick reply.
You We're nice and docile all the
time?"
Il think ! behaved myself
Never discharged some lawyers"
"Uh. yes: discharged some lawyers. =
And yet you did not Interfere at
aIlo"
only when I thought it was ahso-
loutely necessary
Then you die offer some susses-
tons, take it," said the district at
tornev sarcastically.
"Oh, yes. SOme,' was the reply.
Thaw was excused after a bit more
Of this ordeal. and Dr. Austin Flint
was called. Dr. Flint described para
noiac as person dominated by GER
tain decisions. whose mental and
physical state might not otherwise be
affected except insofar as these delu-
sion.s influence him. The progress of the
disease was usually very slow, he said.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04

The horse driven by Chales Carson
of Randolph became frightened at the
cars in Depot square Monday at II
o'clock and tried it's best to get away
rofm the driver. Mr.. Carson held the
horse, but SO doing, broke the saddle,
one of the shafts going between the
animals forward legs. and other dam
might have resulted had she not been
held by bystanders. At the time OF
the accident there were two working
cars. two special cars and two reg
ulars cars in the square. making It
quite a busy place.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04

Mr.. and Mrs George Cooling and daugh-
ter. Doris of Winthrop were guests of
Mr.. and Mrs. c. NJ. Stevens Sunday.
! Mr. and Mrs. Hollos Bickford of Read
= field We're guests Sunday of Mr.. and Mrs
Abner Wing.
! F.. w. Abbott met with quite an acct
dent Friday while riding on some
Wheels the horse made a dash to one
side throwing him, the wheel passed
over his head cutting one ear badly and
/ otherwise tanning him.
| SIDNEY.
Mr.. and Mrs. Herbert Morse of Arson
passed Sunday with her mother, Mrs
Esther W oodcock.
Miss Iva Manson of Oakland is visiting
Miss Amanda Ellis.
! The annual picnic of the NJ f. Sunday
school will be held at Ellis grove We'd
nesday. Aug. II. All are cordially invited
ito attend
Mr.. and Mrs G.. r. Reynolds passed
Sunday with friends at Oakland.
Mir and Mrs. j. T. Wellington of Nor
wood Mass, are visiting the Iatt s sis
ter. Mrs. w. w. Carter
Arthur Pettigrew of Oakland was call
ing on friends here Sunday
NORTli-Mr. and Mrs. f. 3. Cannon
were made happy by the advent of a little
son. born July Both.
The Ladies of the Baptist church will
hold social at the parsonage Tuesday
evening. Aug. 10. Ice cream and cake will
y" served.
Miss Edna Reed of North Vassalboro
was guest of Mrs. Albert Chadbourne
few days recently.
Miss Ethel Springer of Philadelphia oc-
cuped the pulpit at the Baptist cl irch
Sunday morning. Her talk on her
work in the slums in that city
Mr.. and Mrs. Joe Prescott and daugh-
ter. lone of Boston. arrived Saturday for
visit with Mrs. Prescotts father, Geo.
Barton
Mr.. and Mrs A. r. Story of Taunton.
Mass. are guests of DR.. and Mrs r. l..
johnson.
Mr.. and Mrs. Samuel Clark and two
children of Winslow recently visited
the formers aunt. Mrs Frank Abbott.
The friends of Mrs. Nellie Reynolds
Scouler. formerly of this town but for a
long time resident of North East. Pa.
were shocked to learn of the sudden
death by heart disease of her eldest son.
Calvin Reynolds Scouller of Cleveland
Ohio. Mr. Scouller was connected with
the firm of Pierce & Co, wall paper
dealers. Mrs. Scouler and family have
the heartfelt sympathy of her many
friends in their sad bereavement.
Ny. and Mrs. Everett Hoffsis of JEFF
ferson are guests of the latter's parents
Mr.. and Mrs. Ed Sibley.
Al Dlummond of Augusta was guest
Sunday of his brother. A. r. Drummond
Wilmer Hussey of East NasSalboro
visited his uncle. Il. Il. Hussey Sunday.
Mrs. Lucy Robinson and brother.
Emery Nash of I.akeshore. We're calling
on friends Sunday
Mrs. Hannah ,MaXfield and daughter |
Mrs. Valentne and two sons of Phila-
de!pha. are visiting at S.~N. Wates.
Mrs. Ruel Pitts of Vassalboro was a |
guest Sunday of Miss Olive Palmer
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04
Goinq to Seattle?

Special low reduced rates daily via
the Chicago & North Western Ry, to
the Exposition at Seattle, the Yellow
stone Park, Yosemite, Colorado and the
Pacific Coast.
4 Choice of routes. Electric lighted
luxuriously equipped trains.
maps and itineraries of personally con-
Quoted tours.
j. E. Britain. Gen. Agt., c. & N. w.
Ry., 800 Washington St, Boston. Mass,
aug4wed3t
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04
CHILD IN ODD ACCIDENT.
Fall Through Window While Swinging,
Cutting Throat.

Wilmington, Aug. 3-Helen Frederick,
9year-old daughter of Charles Frederick.
while swinging on a chewing gum ma
chine in front of her fathers candy store.
at Pleasant and Franklin Streets, slipped
and fell through the large plate glass
show window. Her throat was badly cut.
1t is hoped that she will recover.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04
PROPOSALS FOR BUILDING WA.
TERVIlLE HIGH SCHOOL.

Sealed proposals for the general con-
tract for building the Waterville High
School will be received at the Mayors
Office until 7.45 P. NJ. August 9th, 1903, at
which time they will be opened In the
presence of the Building Committee, ar
chitects and contractors bidding
The Committee reserve the right to re-
ject any and all bids.
Plans and specifications can be ontain-
ed at the Mayors Office
Per Order
BUILDING COMMITTEES
july -. 1900 tv1<da~
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04

Ira Elkins. while at york on theAnew'
addition to the schoolhouse in Ran
dolph Tuesday morning got some lime
in his eye and the eye became so pain
full that it was necessary for Mr..
ElSns to leave his work and have
physician remove the lime.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04

Mrs. r. E. McCausland of Portland
who was in Gardiner Monday after
noon to attend the funeral of the late
Miss Laura E. Page, returned home
Tuesday and was accompanied by JOHN
Page, who will visit her for a sha1
time. &!
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04

The Misses Clida and Olive Rogers
of Medford. Mass. have returned to
their home after a visit with Mr.. and
Mrs. Herbert Twomb!y of Highland
avenue,
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04

Mrs. c.. Il. Brown of Manchester.
n. H., Mrs f. H. White of Lewiston
and NJ. ]. Googin. was one of the par
ties registered at the johnson House,
Tuesday
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04

D. NJ. Wises ad. auction prices on
clothing offers some exceptional val.
ues if the excellent suits the scribe
saw quoted at only $3.50 are criterion
to go by. All is, call and see.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04

The many friends of Mrs. c. e Ie51es
OF Central street, Randolph Wilt q 49fas
to learn that she is confined
house by illness. s5S3
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1909-08-04
SENATE WILL VOTE ON
TARIFF BILL TOMORROW
CONTINUED from Page One.)

tact of coal tar, paints. etc, which had
got adrift during heavy weather. The
quartermasters efforts saved the lives
of the captain and a seaman and he re-
covered the bodies of five shipmates
who already had been overcome by
the poisonous gases.