davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-05
NEVADA EXPERIMENT STATION
Considerable Progress Made In Dis
covering Crops and Methods Best
Adapted to Conditions.

Through the construction of large
storage reservoirs and irrigation
works the United States reclamation
service is preparing for agricultural
usefulness large areas of land in the
arid region of the west. AS these
lands are largely taken up by settlers
from the older states farther east who
know little or nothing about the diff
culties they will have to meet. the
reclamation service some time ago
called on the United States depart
ment of agriculture to establish exper-
iment farms to assist in working out
the problems involved in these new
conditions. A number of such farms
have been established and it appears
that the results Of this experimental
work will be of great value.
One Of these irrigation schemes,
known as the Truckee-Carson project,
is located in western Nevada and COW
ers 100000 acres of irrigable land.
Alfalfa, cereals and many vegetables
and fruits can be successfully grown.
But the peculiarities of the desert
soils and especially their lack of or
ganic matter, make farming on these
soils difficult task for the inexperi-
enced settler.
The Carson experiment
farm was established on tract of des-
ert land near Fallon, New, in the fall
of 1906, the United States department
OF agriculture and the Nevada expert
ment station being co-operators in its
management Experiments in crop
growing were begun in 1907 and the
operations have been greatly enlarged
since. Considerable progress has been
made in discovering the crops and
methods best adapted to the condi-
tons. However, the experimental
work on this project has only fairly
begun and it will take several years
to fully determine the field and gar
den crops and the fruits which can be
most profitably cultivated and the best
methods of soil management.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-05
CONSERVING WATER IN SOIL
One Great Source Of Loss Is by Evap.
oration-Land Should Be culti-
waited at Right Time.

The great thing during seasons Of
scant or average rainfall is the con-
servation Of the water after it has
been stored in the soil. The one
great source of loss is evaporation.
Few have any conception of how
much water may be lost in this way
The amount, of course. will vary with
the situation. exposure. temperature,
etc. 1t is not known what the exact
loss from soils would be. but it is be-
lieved that so long MS the soil Is bare
and looks moist on the surface, evap-
Grafton Is robbiug it OF its moisture,
but as soon as the soil looks dry or
is hidden by Il crop, the rate of evap-
grafton falls off very rapidly
These latter conditions are, best
brought about by cultivating and seed
ing as soon ms the land is dry enough.
If there are two plots of soil side by
side. and one is cultivated and the
other is not. the evaporation from the
cultivated one is much greater for
day or so than from the other,
but this evaporation takes place chief
ly from the loosened portion, and
hence in a very short time provided
no rain falls, this layer becomes dry
and acts as blanket to protect the
soil below, diminishing the evapora-
ton.
Hence. it is a matter of vital i'm
portance that the soil should be cult.
waited at the earliest possible moment.
a delay of one week in this operation
after the soil is fit will rob it of from
one to two inches of water, an amount
sufficient to tide the crop over a
drought Deep cultivation is not ad.
visable, for all of the loosened layer
dries out in dry weather, and since
the deep blanket is little if any, more
effective than the thinner one, the
extra loss from the thicker blanket
is not atoned for by greater saving
of water in the lower layers, and is
net loss to the plant.
With cereals the conservation of
moisture by cultivation may be con.
unued till the grain is nicely up. If
rain has come, packing down the soil
and destroying the loose blanket, and
thus setting up rapid evaporation
again, 1T is good practice to run over
the crop with a light harrow and re-
store the blanket. The saving in mois-
ture will more than atone for any in
jury the harrow may do the young
plants. With hoed crops. theoretical
ly they should be cultivated after ev-
cry heavy rain.
In humid sections, where the rain
fall is usually sufficient to saturate
the soil, after harvest conservation of
moisture is not essential, but in semi
arid regions the tillage right after
harvest is essential for the purpose
of conserving moisture.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-05
The Rabbit Pest.

Rabbits are the greatest pest that
the Australian pastoralist has to con-
tend with. If these rodents are at all
numerous on station property they
do enormous damage to grass.
In summer, when any water that
might have been lying about has been
dried up by the evaporation and the
grass has become dry, rabbits swarm
toward the tanks, dams or other wa.
ter holes that have been sunk.
Every evening, after the cattle have
taken their last drink, strip of wire
netting is run around the tank or
dam. Outside this netting fence holes
are dug in the ground and filled with
poisoned water and these in turn are
inclosed by another strand of netting,
pegged down to within few inches
of the ground, being sheep proof, but
allowing plenty of room for rabbits
to get under.
The rabbits make for the dam. but
their way is barred, they drink at the
poisoned holes with, to them, disas.
trous effect. In the morning there
are to be seen hundreds and thou
sands Of dead rabbits scattered about
the country.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-05

jelly. unfermented juice. etc, is all
important factor in balancing the
markets. We are building factory az
North East. The company is capital
lied at 100000 and plans to have one
of the largest plants in the United
States. This will greatly affect the
shipment of grapes from our station
and give us home market for much
OF the grapes of our vineyards.
Women help board themselves in
the boarding houses that most of the
growers have built. These houses are
furnished with stoves, tables, chairs
and mattresses. The pickers provide
their own sheets, quilts and provisions.
Butchers, bakers and grocery wagons
visit those houses away from the town
and keep them supplied from the
stores. We have found it necessary to
insist on certain rules among our help.
There are always some of the girls
who will keep late hours if we allow
it, and by disturbing the tired ones.
put the whole force on the dry dock
for the next day. Therefore, fixed
hour for retiring is one of the most
important.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-05

A man 80 years Of age. who had
been sentenced for life, has been par
doned and released from the New Jer
sey state prison at Trenton. He was
committed many years ago, and he
comes forth to world which bewil
ders him because it is SO different
from that which he knew. He had
never seen trolley car, the automo-
bile was an undreamed-of machine for
general use when he was incarcerated
and In many other respects extraor-
binary changes have been wrought
during the term Of his Imprisonment
Such an incident gives the world it,
self q little opportunity to note how
fast it is going. though very likely
the old globe will not take time to
give the matter much heed, but will
let out another speed notch and hus
tie on to still greater things.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-05
COW PEAS
GREAT CROP
An Acre VIII Pasture Twenty
Hogs Several Weeks, Giving
Superior Quality of Meat.

Some varieties of COW peas nave up
right bushy forms of growth; some
trail along on the ground like vines.
The pods vary in length from four to
~ inches.
The colors are as various as those
of the rainbow-white, red, green,
brown, pink, purple, black or notified.
In shape they also differ; some are
round, others fiat or kidney shaped.
The time for maturing ranges from
60 days to three or four months
Drilling the seed is preferable when
hay is wanted.
After corn is laid by COW peas are
drilled in between rows and they will
yield a fine pasture for stock after
the corn is gathered. When drilling
for this purpose the later kind are
best.
Three pecks to the acre for this
work Peas should be sown not over
three inches deep and the soil must
be dry and warm.
When drilling for hay any after
culture aids very much in the yield.
When the peas begin to show signs
Of ripening, by the pods and foliage
beginning to turn yellow, we NOW
for hay.
Let the vines remain as cut for at
least "a hours, to cause whiting, and
throw into small piles or cocks to dry
out thoroughly.
They should not be drawn in for
several days If the weather will allow.
After hay is well cured 1t may be
drawn to the barn or shed.
II the trailing sort are planted care
must be taken in stacking that good
ventilation is given to prevent mold.
A good stand will yield from one
and one-half to two tons per acre.
In the north 1t is a valuable drought!
resisting plant and will grow where
almost any other plants would perish.
Many farmers save only seed sum.
.cient fog their own use, as the labor
ID tedious.
The pods are plucked BY hand, ~
when the bush sort ID grown the plant
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-05

is pulled and stored away until some
convenient time when they are
threshed out with a fail or BY ma.
chine.
If the trailing sort are wanted the
vines are moved and treated as above.
some Wasteage occurs in this meth
cd, but this can be utilized in pastur-
ing afterward.
Green COW pea hay is more nutri-
tious than red clover and contains less
dry matter for total weight than any
OF the grasses or clover.
When planted for green manuring it
Is advisable to turn hogs or any stock
in the fields about the time the pods
are ripening
Hogs, especially young pigs, thrive
on the succulent growth and the quail.
ity of the meat is very superior.
An acre of COW peas will pasture IS
or 20 hogs several weeks. The worst
drawback is the first cost of the seed.
but when once you have started their
growing you can save your seed at
half of first cost.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-05
Bisutphide Of Carbon.

Bisulphide Of carbon comes as a
volatile liquid, and its vapor is used
for killing weevil and other noxious
insects. The yapor is po;Sonous only,
when y is inhaled. When treating
seeds with the yapor, none Of the va
,por penetrates the seeds. although q
small amount may hover In the bin or
boz I'll there has been . thorough air
Ing Wheat and other grains and
seeds are treated with bisulphide Of
carbon A large quantities., and the
seeds are used for animal feed and hui
man food without danger Of poisoning.
Theirs q no danger whatevers ia using
besns q other ssds thus treated.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-05
New Cross Of Hoes.

Tamworth sows, new cross which
Is resulting well at the Agricultural
college. is that of breed known as
the Large Black upon Poland China.
The Large Black is an English bacon
breed of very unprepossessing APP
pearance.y They are long, narrow and
leggy with enormous ears. Their
worst fault is that they are very hard
to drive or handle because their eyes
are SO completely hidden by their
ears. The only place the, Large Black
is likely to find in this country is for
purposes Of crossing, as the pure
breds possess no merits sufficient to
warrant displacing established breeds,
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-05

careful thought had been given to the
question of how to secure the very
best results. Not only thought, but
judicious and careful work had been
done. This corn was of the best, of
good color, sturdy, stout and with
large ears which gave promise of n
bountiful crop. The soil looked rich
and productive. There were no weeds,
but there was good dust mulch, and
it was plainly evident on the face of
everything about the farm why one
failed and the other succeeded.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-05
Trees in Chicken Yard.

If you are arranging for new poultry
yards, locate them permanently, and
in the fail set them with fruit trees,
plums, pears. etc. Poultry and fruit
of these kinds seem to work hand in
hand. The trees win furnish shade
for the chickens, while the chickens
will gather the insects which ordinari.
ly injure the fruit.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-05
Don't XIII OFF Hens.

Do not go to killing off your hens
that do not lay UP to the $50 year
standard. Work for as high an aver
age in your flock as you can, but do
not insist upon the impossible. You
read good deal about the wonderful
record some individual hen has made.
but the money makers are the good
all around average fiocks giving us
about $50 eggs to the hen. Let the
good work go on.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-05

Signs Of progress: Railroads carry.
ing more freight than ever before, al
though the great grain movement is
just beginning. Demand for more roll.
Ing stock. Iron and steel mills rushed
with orders. Farmers asking for help
to gather crops. Wholesale and retail
trade improving daily. Money easy
and payments prompt That optimistic
feeling all along the line. Get aboard!
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-05
Mash for Chickens.

A mixture of bran, shorts and corn
meal in equal parts kept in the kitch-
en- makes the preparation of mash
for laying hens easy. While the din
ner is cooking throw all table waste,
vegetable and apple parings into q
kettle and boil till done. season as
for the table with salt and pepper, and
thicken with the mixing meals. II
there are no meat scraps add a table
spoonful Of beef scraps for each hen
every other day.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-05
CROPS AND COST OF LIVING.

Predictions Of cheaper living, based
upon ample crops, must be taken with
some caution. We are not confronted
by the problem of two-dollar wheat,
which Mr.. Patten probably did not ex-
pect when he was predicting it last
spring. His prediction served his
purpose. admirably. Instead of ship.
ping wheat into Chicago and breaking
the May market-the sort of thing that
mas broken nearly every predecessor
OF Mr.. Patterns bull operations-th
farmers held on to their wheat and
waited for that two-dollar quotation,
says the Philadelphia Record. The
harvest began less than q month after
the May option closed. and we now
have every assurance that the wheat
crop will exceed 700,oOo,o00 bushels,
and may reach 735,60o,000 bushels,
wheat Is selling in Chicago for less
than a dollar. Food ought to be, and
probably will be, oheaper than it has
been lately. But cotton and wool are
high and textile prices show no dis
position to recede. Nest of the prices
are rising. Structural steel is not q
commodity that the average citizen
purchases, but he is affected by its
price; and all steel prices are up. |
Hides are on the free list but the |
shoe stores and factories are stocked |
UP with goods purchased before the !
repeal OF the hide duty, and prices are
not yet coming down. The most i'm
portant item of expense is rent. and |
with the growth of population that |
tends upward, but the extensive build !
ing operations all over the country
may keep abreast of the demand. /
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-05
Benefit 81 LARGO corn g cor. y }

All we need is a large corn crop to
put the price Of shoats and steers
ready for the feed lot almost on the
prohibitive list "a few are always
ready to pay almost any price to get
something to feed when grain Il
plenty.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-05
The French minister Of ju

The French minister of Justice has
sent orders to the district attorneys
throughout France to prosecute vigor-
Sously the cases Of cruelty to domestic
animals. He adds that the prevalence
aof this evil Is distressing and that
a 10 largely caused by the indiffer,
sence Of the authorities II oflcials
would heartily co-operated with the
anti.cruelty societies here our own
streets might be saved some revolving
revelations Of brutality.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-05
Care of Colts.

The colts training must begin
shortly after birth, A halter should
be put on. SO he can be caught and
handled every day. Never tease him.
Never deceive him., but treat him
kindly and firmly
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-05
what the nyers need to make them
happy u petrol put up In tabloid form.

New York city now talks Of hav.
Ing = -. 600. 900 automobile and aero
plane racing park over on the
New Jersey meadows. The park will
III reached by the Hudson tunnels.
suggesting the three modes Of locomo-
i ton under the ground. on the earth
ma IA the air. Some Of the particle
pants may SO higher II II to be hoped
n1t lower. M
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-05
Feed for the aelfer

Feed the heifer calf on muscle and
bone making feed to obtain large
frame. Feed plenty Of roughage to
develop large stomach capacity.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-05
Blood for Eeed.

In butchering, place bucket Of
bran or shorts where It will catch
the blood. and use as mash with scald.
ed alfalfa. s54
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-11-05

You cannot expect your apple trees
to bear much fruit until they have
been planted six or eight Tears. V
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1909-10-15

were for boys mad girls. But this
drummer that stayed all night at my
house said that the greatest books
had been written by old men. There
fore they ought to be read by old men.
RE opened up new view of life. He
showed me that as long as man
lived and kept his health he could
develop and expand. He left book
with me, and 1t want long before
discovered that | had just begun to
live. This man sold things--and in
meeting men came away from them
with better knowledge of human ma
ture. Knowing so much of the weak
ness OF man, he could better admire
HIS strength or pardon his faults"
But you are forgetting the Gospel"
said Mr.. Nudge
"Oh. no. The drummer is good ex-
| qualification of the Gospel. He goes
into all the world The Gospel was
never commanded to stand still. II is
running stream. Stagnant water
breeds pestilence. The Saviour OF
man was the most liberal man that
ever lived. He had no home. The
drummer is liberal because his home
is the world. He meets a local preJu-
dice and turns II into national liber-
ality He demands place where he
may spend his leisure hours, and pub.
lie Libraries mark his course. The I'M
rest you speak OF has stimulated trav.
ell, and travel is the picture that goes
In the book OF education The drum.
mer must be active and therefore he
must be sober. His achievement over
drunken competition is the greatest,
the most vivid temperance lecture
ever delivered. IL makes sobriety a
business rather than mere inactive
virtue. What are you fetchln, on here,
madam? Lemonade? Wen drink II
to the drummer"
Copyright. by Ope Read.)
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1909-10-15
Sentence sermons.

1t is better to be regarded as
prude than to rot as a mental garbage
can.
Where mans life does not preach
his preaching cannot live.
People who think they were born
to regulate the world are always
afraid they will die from being over
righteous.
Cynicism is a pain due to attempt
ing to eat all life's fruits too early in
the season.
Half of the business of lifting peo-
pie up is a matter of cheering them
up.
The prayer that rises in the heart
always works way out to the feet
and the fingers.
The empty head is easily wrinkled
into burrows that look like deep
thought
He who misses the spirit OF the law
always makes most of the letter.
It's an awful thing to be green, but
fits a good deal worse to be--born
dried IN
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1909-10-15

teacher than experience It Is example.
Envy as generally understood may be
a bad thing. but II is active envy that
makes the world move forward. The
drummer brought stories with him.
They illustrated life. A community
that has only old stories lives In the
past. The drummer's new stories
duickened the intellect. They made
the mind jump Trade"
"Ah." Mr.. Nudge broke In. II thank
you for the timely introduction of that
well.worn word. You would place
trade above everything"
We'll, | wouldn't place II below
everything. Trade is the exchange of
materialized ideas. II is the circulat-
ing blood of a nation. Art is a sort OF
fever and marks disease. Literature
is a prescription, and II 1t don't help
life fails to do II any good l want
to tell you, a drummer first set me to
readin' OF course knew what books
were. But thought that when man
got along we'll In life he ought to think
of everything except books. They
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1909-10-15

ton; and yet the hotels were so bad
that hungry dog might be excused
for giving it the go-by. Why. whit
leather was as tender as a lambs
tongue compared with the beefsteak.
The biscuits were just about as diges-
tible as door knobs. The salt pork
might properly have been labeled the
enemy of mankind The butter looked
as IL II had been made of the milk of
COW that had just seen ghost.
What's the name of that place where
they used to torture folk--the lnquisi-
ton? Yes. Why. II a man had been
snatched out of the Inquisition and
put into that hotel he would have
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1909-10-15

understand why anybody should con-
slider II eccentric TO bury dog In the
family lot.
II never had more faithful friend
than Jack" he said, "and why should he
not be placed with the other mem
bers of the family? He was lacking
in none of the Ave senses which pos
sess, and he stood by me as long as he
lived. He was dumb, to be sure, but
he knew how to love. how to be faith
full, and when he died lost one of the
best friends ever had or ever could
have.
II have no patience with those per-
sons who would make heaven with
no living creature In It but human
beings. God created other creatures
besides human beings. and he called
his creation all good What right
have we to declare II all bad with the
exception of humanity? | belive /
shall meet my dog In heaven just as
much as | believe that shall meet
my sister there.
IL have a horse, too, which has a
pldce IeSelNcu ioi hSi III lhS i"hiiy
lot. She viii lie side by side with the
dog when she dies, for ! shall bury
her there II / outlive her, and shall
leave orders to that effect II ] die
first"
Mr.. Kelly has coy home in the
heart of MacIndoes and every one
likes him. He is a well-read man. cd
ucated by home study, and there are
few questions of the day in which he
does not have an active interest.