davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1909-06-18
4 WISCONSIN MAN PAYS
BEMIDJI COMPLIMENTS
Thinks Postoffice Report Good Indica-
lion Of Business Here. congratu-
lates Postmaster Erickson.

C. N. Johnson of Merrill, Wis,
who was a recent visitor IN Bemidii,
looking after some personal matters
for several days, has written the
following letter to A. r. Erickson,
postmaster of this city, which indi.
Gates that the Badger" gentleman
was greatly impressed with our city
and people:
Just read an account of your
raise in wages and also pleased to
see the good likeness of yourself and
your assistant. Allow me to con.
gratulate you upon the splendid
record the Bemidji postof6ce is
making.
AS the postal receipts of a town
is fair reflection of the business of
the town, Bemidji is evidently pros
porous as well as the postoh6ce.
And Bemidji certainly deserves to
prosper; and with all the good fel-
lows there boosting it cannot help
but prosper.
Your office is about thousand
dollars ahead of ours here, though
we have about 10000 people.
Since I was at Bemidji I have
gone into the newspaper business,
having bought out daily here. This
added work keeps me very busy.
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1909-06-18

Accompanying the program, which
the committee are issuing, will be
thefollowing which is called General
Information"
Bemidji Bemidji is an ideal
spot for such a conference. It's
beautiful lakes, stately pines and
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1909-06-18

miss it. Pastors are asked to make
every effort to have their church
officers and Sunday school superin-
tendents present. Our aim is in
struction for equipment and for
service"
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1909-06-18
HAVE SECURED SPLENDID
CORPS OF INSTRUCTORS
w. B. Stewart and Miss Anna Shetland
Preparing for Sixth Annual
Training School.

The Sixth Annual State Teachers
Training school for this section of
the state will be held in Bemidj il
beginning Monday, June Ri, and
will continue for six weeks with
the following corps of instructors:
J. H.. Hay of Thief River Falls,
superintendent of schools at that
place, instructor; Prof. b n
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1909-06-18

Great interest is being manifested
in the forthcoming annual session
of the Bemidji Bible Conference,
which will be held in Bemidji, July
2O-25, and already there is much
inquiry as to the program of the
conference.
The program committee of the
conference has prepared a program
and has it complete, ready to issue
to the public, and in speaking of
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1909-06-18

delightful climate make it possible
to spend a pleasant and a two-fold
profitable vacation. ....
Expenses-Rooms can be had at a
nominal cost, from $50 up, per
week, or one can get room and board
at 81 per day. There is an oppor-
tunity for camping, and thus further
reducing expenses. Tents may be
rented at 81 to 81 per week. A few
rooms and tents will be donated,
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1909-06-18
BIG PLANS BEING MADE
FOR BIBLE CONFERENCE
Presbyterian Officials of the Bemdji Bible Conference
Have Secured Good Speakers for the Meeting July
2O-25.-Program Planned for Outing.

The committee gives the following program,
just completed today
Tuesday Evening July 20
500 Opening Address Conference
ton DR. Inccock
Wednesday, July 21
FORENOON SESSION
800
1000 THE
The Rdeemer
AFTERNOON SESSION
200 The Relation the Books the Bible another
500 "A Fourfod
Thursday July ~.
FORENOON SESSION
900 a
1000 THE Gelesnof
AFTERNOON SESSION
500 Religion and Medicine Dr. Sdtau
Friday, July 23
FORENOON SESSION
Dpnsion,"
1000 THE Man Stau
100 m First Lecture Apocalypse Gelesnof
FORENOON SESSION.
2oo m Open Hour DE- Sotau
500 John Calvin afrFor Hundred Years. Luccock
Saturday. July, "a.
Gelesnof
AFTERNOON
p on Bemidj.
soop Sacred Concert, Prof M G. Martini Director
Sunday July rs.
FORENOON SESSION
a Preachin Service.
800 p M Closing Service D Sotau
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1909-12-23
BY Aisernon eayssssn.
pryl-AA H00n 1~,, VIZ -4~~

-VNvpyA16HIs ASVks ny w. ". 1Aed.sA'J
Bullion sat at the mahogany desk in
his private office running over a heap
Of financial documents M papers. A
red a fire glo&ed in the CRATE: the
electric lights We're shining brightly;
dusk was coming or with a rapidness
Of a winters afternoon. From the
street. muff1ed by many heavy doors,
came the confused o q of traffic. the
sound Of changing bells. rumbling trucks
and hurrying feet as the holiday crowds
elbowed and shouldered along the glis-
tening Icy pavement. So cold it was
that men pushed along against the
wind, their shoulders hunched, their
hands pressed to their numb ears, their
breaths showing like smoke in the
frosty air.
A secretary opened the office door
marked private" n stood deferentlal-
ly awaiting the great mans notice. A
few minutes elapsed before Bullion laid
down the paper he was studying and
looked up. his bushy eyebrows raised in
annoyed Interrogation.
"a committee of citizens, sir. desir-
.ng to bring to your notice the deplor-
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1909-12-23
BY e. ).

History will tell you that Thurlow
Weed. when attending the first whig
caucus at Buffalo, was so struck with
the personal appearance Of a young
lawyer Of the name of Willard Fillmore
that he induced the Buffalo politicians
to nominate hin for and elect him to
the New York legislature. 1t will tell
you that Mr.. Weed was Willard Fill
mOre's political SPONSOR; that the two
men We're very intimate for years, but
that after Mr.. Fillmore vas elected
vice president of the United States he
developed an intense jealousy Of Mr..
Weed that led to their complete polit-
teal and personal e~strangement. It
will tell you, further, that this bitter
enmity ended only after a quarter Of a
century had passed, but it does o tell
how this was unexpectedly brought
about through the simple agency OF a
bow to a woman. Charles C. Clarke. of
New York city, who knew both Fill
more II Weed intimately, told me the
story.
In the autumn of 1873, Mr.. Weed, fol-
lowing his habit Of years, went to Sar-
atuga Springs to spend the month. He
the faithful and constant companion of
his old age. At that time his eyesight
was SO obscured that he was Just able
to distinguish the outlines Of persons
he met, depending upon their voices to
recognize them.
"One afternoon as Mr.. Weed and his
sister were driving over to Saratoga
lake they met a carriage going towards
the village, whose occupant, catching
sight of Miss Weed, lifted his hat and
bowed with courtl2 grace. Mr.. Weed
turned qu%estioningly to his sister.
".Harriet,' he said, ''idn't that gem
tleman bow to US?
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1909-12-23

Yes was re reply.
WHO was it?' asked Mr.. Weed \
could not distinguish his features
Miss Weed hesitated. Brother she
said at last, that was Mr. Fillmore
Mr.. Fillmore!' exclaimed Mr..
Weed. Mr.. Filllnore!' For several
to his sister.
Harriet he said, when we return
to the village / will seek him out ana
offer him my hand. We r old men
row., and cannot afford too remain enc
mics any longer
"Once back in the villa :, Mr.. Weed,
by inquiry, learned the name OF the no.
tel where MI. Fillmore was stopping.
He went there Immediately and In
quired for his old enemy.
HI is sitting on the veranda with
Mrs. Fillmore the clerk told him.
Won't you take me to him?' asked
Mr.. Weed.
He was led up to where the ex-pres-
ident was sitting. Mr.. Fillmore he
said. And Mr.. Fillmore caught both OF
Mr.. Weeds hands in his, and in that
instant all the enmity of a4quafters ola
century was ended. Side by side the
two old men sat for an hour upon the
piazza, becoming. the good friends they.
had been In the early days whefi@ Mn
ard Fillmore was growing into prOmi-
fence
Two or three DAYS before l was told
this story, I called upon Mr.. Weed.
The talk turned upon Mr.. Fillmore. Mr..
looked into mine, a peaceful smile
lighted up his face. It is one Of the
happtest recOllectiOns Of my life that
Mr.. Fillmore and l. became warm
friends again before he died, he said
Copyright, 1903. by E. j. Edwards.)
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1909-12-23

AS her husband wrapped a ragged n
worn shawl about her bony shoulders
she clasped his grimy hand and tried
10 smile reasuringly up into his face.
Supporting her in his arms. n half
carrying the blind old woman. the lit
mothers skirts, the old man limped
painfully toward the open door.
On the threshold he paused to look
PACK at the miserable howell that for
years had been his home. When the
ICY wind struck her the woman in his
arms was seized with a At of coughing
mat SCENE to rack her frail form be-
You'd human endurance. She threw her
arms about the old mans neck.
I'm choking" she gasped, Choking"
And the words died away in q hoarse
rattele in e throat. A convulsive
tremor passed Eel her flesh; her arms
relaxed The man fell upon his knees
III his arms the dead body OF his wife.
1t seemed to Bullion that 1t was his
own body pierced by the icy wind. his
own heart rung by the dying woman's
cry. He awoke with a start to find
himself sitting alone in the familiar
Office. Their vas the warm fire. to be
sure; it was late and he knew that his
70 take him home to a cheerful. sump-
tuous house and a smoking dinner.
With a pang of s-elf-reproach he
jumped to his feet and pressed the cleo
trio button on his desk. The secretary
entered again.
Call back those gentlemen. Don't
waste a minute. I have reconsidered
my hasty decision. These crimes In
the mining region must cease immedi-
ately. Such a state of things Is a dis
grace to a Christian community"
The astonished subordinate bolted
from the room and Bullion was left
alone. A kindly light that seemed to
emanate, from the spirit within lit up
his face; for the flrst time in years he
felt the sense of spiritual beatitude
bred only of benevolent deeds.
From the street, came the rumble Of
traffic; to Bullion's ear 1t had lost its
raucous note. To his fancy it rose like
an anthem sounding his praise from the
threats Of the millions Of the down
trodden.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1909-12-23
~ SaR51rY CAROL
YMIfknSN opnNa1. R1.Y
""|sSss..s.".~ 1kAEAHT
vIV/k1eU qka1 BRIAN RIGHTS
NaNfD

he felt solid earth beneath his feet
again. Dumb with surprise. he gazed
about him. He found himself stand
ing with the unwelcome visitor stu
moor swept by 'stinging' gusts OF sleet
and rain. Indeed, SO surprised vas he
that when his guide motioned to him
to follow ne obeyed without question,
and side by side they pushed on across
the frozen turf toward a distant light
which lickered fcebly in the gloom.
AS the distance lessened Bullion per-
ceived that the point of the light to-
ward which they were directing their
steps emanated from the window Of
a dilapidated hovel. shakily propped on
the stump Of rotten trees. The wind
howled dismally about its dripping
caves and the fey rain a in at the
wondering what type of humanity
could live In SO squalid a structure.
Bullion approached and peered in at
one Of the grimy panes. The picture
of poverty and restitution that met
his y seemed to mark the depths of
human misery. A bent and aged man
formed the central figure OF the scene.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1909-12-23
OWNERSHIP OF WIVES DRESSES
lt 10 Held That Husbands Have No
Pronerty in Thar.

From the London Daily Express.
The court of appeals has decided that
a wife's dresses are her own property.
and do not belong tc her husband.
The point was raised during the hear
ing of a county our case brought by
Masson-Templier & Co., costumiers,
against Mrs. c. de Friers. The county
court judge held that the wife's dresses
belonged to the husband. and could not
be seized for a debt owed by the wife,
and a divisional court confirmed this
decision.
eth dresses were bought by the wife
with money supplied to her by her hus-
band" the master of the rolls stated
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1909-12-23

|HHra .hH rt4zT1N -Hra.-tr-
week. 1t IA agreed that her return
would be a suitable time sforethc ex-
plosion of the mine.
Ten days later James Parsley burst
in upon the village philosopher like a
motor car with a leaking valve.
Thomas Whelk was gardening, and
dropped his trowel.
What's wrong, James?' he asked,
soothingly, as his visitor mi INTO q
rustic seat.
But James Parsley only groaned.
What's the natter" inquired Whelk
again. You look harried and fuster-
e.: Tell me al. ahsut II. Didn't your
little plan. work? q
Work! BY gum! How I'm alive. I
don't know. You see.s I learned up all
the speech In the ook and trained UP
with my eye. same as I said / would. I
couldn't alter the room much. 80. the
parlor was much as usual when she
came; And then shed got her sister
with her, who had come to spend a few
DAYS. You never met her sister, Mrs
Toler, did you?"
I've heard you speak of her."
An, but 'tisn't for me to cay all I
1 lr about my wife's relations. Mrs.
when tell you I married Jane Esther
TO stop Mrs. Toler marrying me willy
nilly you'll see what 1 think OF her.
so she was there. too?"
|, 80 Iout IL maze up My mind SO
! liked Jane Esther with my eye, like
u SAID In the book: and I gave her the
first speech. Madam / we've
had enough of this nonsense. 1 gave
you your fling and you took 1t. Now
= gong to nave mine. In future.
to this house. and that's me-
Never knew such a thing 'appen
before says Jane, all puzzled like.
linen, says Mrs. Toler, you'd bet
ter put him OFF to bed at once and put
a hot plaster on his chest. It strikes
me it's the beginning of the END. NV
Edward was took that way Just three
weeks before he died. It's took i'm In
the braln-it always goes for the weak
est spot
An would you believe it?" con-
tinued Parsley. Them two women
forced me right into bed, and took
turns all night dosing me with Cruel.
oh, it's horrible"
Il -s'pose they think you're better
now" said Whelk, with a grin.
Yes. But here's the strangest part
of 1t. What do you think she says this
morning."
II give it up"
She says, It's the poor mans spirits
that is all gone wrong, Jane Esther.
You must brighten him. He mustn't
be allowed to nope round the house
n let is mind all get rusty. He must
" company. You keeps him too close,
down Sistar 1ann e p shn lelnow ~ se
vva nts co,nnnnn he a sns sovs oAi' le
thnre niaa as ntes. lsoW, snn
heard nf n ,etirad ~, senn.ue...an Y
here, what aardens smS d H.. , y ~
nnna,, no1ie5 SItyham. civ IVES .svn, II
That's me" said Whelk proudly.
".'Oh. he's q very vnlgar. pmp,,, says
what took nlaca 4 nMhon,s tha ,ii = ~
and argues and at last nav .sr a.sues
la~ 49, lHV
Nh Mrs mere To, 10 i thanLa ana = ia sa, rs 10 TO-; yGn, canse
Danv" 49, -" !,
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1909-12-23

yesterday in delivering Judgment.
Since the married women's property,
held by her as a separate property. YhS,
husband exercised no control over her
in the matter. So
IF a father makes an allowance To-
a daughter, n It is irrelevant TO nay
that they were bought with the fathero
money!"
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1909-12-23
scripturai Precedent.
From the New York Sun.

Jonah stepped ashore. ss
II left my records IN the whale, ~
observed. anybody who wantssto@aee
them can go after hem. SS#@s8a
It was noticed that nOne Quest31n6A
his exploit. sSS
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1909-12-23
GIFTsoF HANDKERCHIEFs

Christmas presents Of q pretty. and
also of an inexpensive and useful char
acter, may be made from handker-
chiefs, either plain. henstitched or
embroidered. colored or white.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1909-12-23

A dust cap may be easily made from
one handkerchief. Fold one side in
half and overland the edges together.
Pleat the fullness toward the seam and
featherstitch each pleat down. The
pleat at the back of the cap should ais
be featherstitched. Then turn the cor
ners up and tack in position. Turn the
peak at the top toward the back and
fasten. A rosette of ribbon will add a
pretty finishing touch.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1909-12-23

able condition of affairs in the anthra-
cite region and to ask your intervention
on behalf of the AFFLICTED miners. They
regard Christmas as a fitting day
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-08-14

tive of some mercantile house which
wished to sell groceries or other goods
to the ship, went aboard at time
when the guard was about to present
arms in honor of the departure from
the vessel of His Excellency, the
Governor. He was, according to GUS
tom, courteously requested to remove
his presence from the quarterback,
to make room for the salute to the
governor, nor even then had he deign-
ed to give his name or his BUSINESS.
Hence, through the Jealousy Of a
Fort street curio dealer and the over
enthusiasm of the collector, who, per
haps, took it for granted that every
body In the Navy knew him by sight.
was very disagreeabfe state of af-
fairs brought into existence
Customs officers made the rounds
of the curio stores and seized the
tapas which had been purchased from
the Chinese, through the honorable
the Chinese, though the honorable
dealers who had paid him.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-08-14
SATURDAY LAST DAY.

The grand clearance sale at Sachs
will close positively at one O'Clock
Saturday afternoon. This week will
be your last opportunity to participate
in the wonderful bargains. Come
early.
xSXSXSxSXSxSXSXSXSxSx=xSx
ment to the troops at Leilehua, Fort
Shafter or Waikiki, il may be said that
the 1O5th and l49th Coast Artillery are
as fine a looking lot of men as ever
were gathered in Honolulu. Major
Cree is to be congratulated on the per-
sonel of his command
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-08-14
BUFFALO WILL
MAKE LONG STAY
ARRIVES FIR ORIENT WITH MANY SHORT
TERN BoARD-wIL L REMAIN TILL AUGUST 90 THEN
GOING FRANCISCO OFFICERS ON BOARD PAS
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. MANY PRISONERS MAINLAND

Hoyt, p A. surgeon, b. o. Holliwill,
boatswain; c. e. Babson, chief gun
ner; A. Anschutz, machinist: P. B..
Fox, machinist; s. B.. Weygant, pay
clerk; Fl. 'Hatchmann, gunner; e. l..
Hutchins, 3rd asst. engineer, U. S.
Naval Auxiliary; Mr. Gearing. +. e.
Lander, captain, U, S. NJ. c.; A. h..
Randall, 1st Lieut.. u. S. M. c.; II. G.
Bartlett, 1st Lieut.. U. S. M. c.; S.
w. Began, 1st Lieut.. U. S. M. c.
After leaving here on June 7, the
Buffalo went to Guam and then to
China, She met the Asiatic squad
ron at Shanghai and got rid Of the
enlisted men whom she had on board
foF the various vesseIs, then going
to Cavite. She sailed from there for
San Francisco. via Guam and this
port on July 25 and mas had good
weather all the way.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-08-14

The U. S. naval transport Buffalo,
Captain Guy Brown in command, ar
rived this morning from Guam and
Manila. after a pleasant passage ano
docked at the naval wharf, opposite
the st. Louis. According to Captain
Brown he will probably stay in port
till August 23, then jeaving for San
Francisco.
The Buffalo has on board a number
of short term men who are returning
from service in the Asiatic squadron
and in addition carries twenty-five
prisoners, who are being returned to
the mainland to serve sentences
which have been passed on them by
courtmartials in the Orient. Boat
swain Dale and Gunner Hactman, OF
the cruiser Denver are also on board,
courtmartialed in connection with
naval scandal which took place ON
the Denver, in which it is stated that
the ship was looted of practically all
tilG pldUo WIN was llONdDlCs
The decision of the court has not yet
been made public, but is evidently
adverse to the two men or they would
not be returned to the mainland as is
now being done.
The Buffalo is also bringing through
number Of officer who have been
ordered to other duties. The list of
her officers and the passengers on
board is as follows
Guy w. Brown commander, com
manding; T. D. Parker, Lt.-Comdr.,
executive officer: ]. L. Nelson, p. A.
surgeon; ] p Helm, asst. paymaster;
G. Nygaard, boatswain, 3rd div; r.
E. Simonson, chief gunner, powder
div; G. S. Kendall. chief carpenter,
End div; p. ]. Kendall, boatswain, 4th
div: ]. E Venable. machinist ST.
engineer officer; L. r. Ford, machin.
ist; A. S. Merkt, machinist; E. Damn,
paymaster's clerk.
Passenger officers: H. II. John
stone midshipman II. II. Palmer,
asst paymaster; r. F. Greene, boat
swain; w, H. Sampson, carpenter; J.
M Ober, machinist; p. Burke, ma.
chinist; M c. Dale boatswain. r. e.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-08-14
JEALOUS WOMAN
TIPPED SMUGGLING
TO BUY CREAM OF SAMOAN TAPAsg A HoNcl1Bbs
LECTOR ST rACKAB14E WISE TO OF Gu
RIOS TO LOCAL CHINESE ST LOUIS TAR AND sTACKABIE
STARTS ODD EXCITEMENT

Whatever may happen, by civil pro-
ceedings or courtmartial, to the un-
sophisticated tar who innocently sold
certain Samoan tapa TO local Chi
nese, the boys of the United States
cruiser st. Louis, to certain extent
individually and somewTar collective
ly, have given it out that the Pacific
fleet due here in September, to stay
a month, will be advised by them az
to how their shipmate was exposed
to the local customs service by Ho-
nolulu merchant
tt is now ancient history how co..
iector of Customs p. f. Stackable,
choosing an inopportune time, when
the cruiser was saluring Governor
Frear who was then visiting aboard
The st. Louis. boarded the naval YES.
sci and made some remark about
landing everybody in Jail for a few
Samoan tapas that had found their
way ashore, breathing vengeance for
alleged smuggling, and the liFe.
But how Collector OF Customs e.
r. Stackable was puO wise tc the
bringing ashore of certain Samoan
tapas, shortly after the arrival here
of the cruiser. has not before leaked
out. 1t was thuswise:
The Chinese dealer who s?cdreG
certain tapas from member of the
company of the St Louis communi-
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-08-14
EIGHT KILLED IN
RAIL WRECK
PL AIMED SERIES
OF BANK ROBBERIES

yesterday
holding Valley
had planned robberies
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-08-14

According to the officers of the S. s.
Alameda the accommodations for peo-
pie coming to Honolulu from the coast
will be crowded to the limit for the
next few weeks. 1t seems that so
many people have booked to come
down from San Francisco to Hawaii
by the Alameda on her next trip that
with three in each stateroom, the ship
has more wishing to came than she
can carry. The same condition is true
of the Lurline, which sails at about
the same time, and of the Siberia,
which arrives here on August 80.
The rush is due to the increase In
the tourist traffic to some degree, but
also to the great number of local peo-
pie who are on the Coast and who wish
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-08-14

Gated with various curiO dealers as 10
whether or not they wished 20 buy
tapas of him They, being wtnlg
looked over his stock and made our
chases according to their desires. But
one lady was late at the sale and,
when she had found that the best Ia
pas had already been plr hased by
her rivals, went at once to the 3ol'
lector of Customs and All, acI MIN
that a Chinese had been nuy.ng 'Gpas
of a member of the St. Louis crew.
Thus informed, Stackable, without
announcing who he was, and prob
ably being mistaken for the boss Of
stevedore gang or the representa-
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-08-14
CHINA and Crete ARE BOTH LOSERS
THREE STEAMERS
OVERLOOKED

ALAMEDA LURLINE SIBERIA HUNDREDS PEo-
TO HONOLULU ABOUT sEPTEMBEFH1- IN A
RULE OCEANIC BOATS NE KIT voYAGE-ADvANCE BOOKINGS
ARE DOUBLE THOSE THIS