Clarke courier. [volume] (Berryville, Va.) 1869-1997, 1909-12-08

deal OF good by eating wormy fruit
and thus destroying the worms
Where Il II not convenient - allow
hogs or sheep Ia the orchard an occa-
sional load Of well rotted stable ma
nure viii be- beneficial DO not pile
this around the trees. but scatter n
evenly over the ground Wood ashes
are n good substitute for manure. but
can seldom be obtained in sufficient
amounts 20 toe used 20 advantage.
III the orchard is property attended
10 from the start little pruning will be
necessary. Ii Is much better 10 pinch
or twig occasionally than TO cut of
a branch as big rs your arm a few
years later. IL takes but a little time
10 go over the orchard i'm the spring
and clip OF such twigs as do not seem
20 be needed. The object should be TO
produce an even. spreading. some
what open head. III II ever does
become necessary 70 remove large
branches they should be cut close TO
the trunk and the wounds painted
with white lead. Ii is better TO DO
this severe pruning i'm the winter be
fore the sap begins 10 run.
Spraying For Insects.
One OF the most effective means Of
securing large crops OF fruit is spray
ing. Fruit trees OF all kinds are sub
ject to many injurious insects and dis
eases, which If left to themselves will
materially lessen the yields. There are
two kinds Of inSects-biting and suck
ing. The former can be combated by
means Of polSons sprayed upon the
leaves. The sucking insects. Of which
plant lice are the most common exam
pies. cannot be killed In this way,
since they drill into the plant and suck
the juices. The most effective remedy
for them is some insecticide which will
kill by contact. like kerosene emulsion.
This is made by diSSolving half Il
pound OF soap in gallon Of boiling
water. adding two gallons Of kerosene
and churning the mixture violently I'M
til the oil is thoroughly mixed with
the SoapSuds This is diluted with
nine times as much water before
using II may be applied with a spray
pump whenever the lice are trouble
SOIAt anu - a WY tAAtNNlNt
The biting insects are 10y far the
most troublesome in the orchard. OF
these the codling moth probably does
the most damage Ii is the larvae
hatched from the eggs of the codling
moth that cause wormy apples. The
tent caterpillar and canker worm at
tao, the leaves. sometimes stripping
the tree bare. There is no better rem
edy FOR these insects than paris green
dissolved in water 1T the rate OF one
pound TO 100 gallons. Three pounds OF
freshly slaked lime should be added 10
prevent injury TO the foliage. Paris
green can also be used for the plum
curculio and for the other insects which
attack the plum and cherry. The foil
age OF these trees is more tender than
that Of the apple. however. and for
that reason some less severe inSec-
ticide, such rs arsenate of lead dis
solved at the rate OF three pounds TO
fifty gallons Of water. is better
Spraying Fer FUNGUS Diseases.
The most troublesome fungous dis.
eases are apple scab. plum. pear and
cherry leaf spot and peach leaf curl
The most efficient fungicide IS Dor
deauX mixture. This is made by dis
solving four pounds OF copper sulphate
and four pounds OF lime In City gal
Ions Of water. The object Of n fungi
eide is not TO cure diseases, but 10 pre-.
vent them. These fungous diseases
spread by means OF spores. which are
carried from leaf 10 leaf by the wind.
When they alight on n leaf. especially
II the surface is a little moist, they
grow and produce another center OF
disease II the leaf is covered with a
thin coating Of the copper sulphate
mixture the spores are killed before
they start 10 grow. Slnce>fungicides
are preyentives rather than cures IL is
important that they be applied early.
In order TO save time paris green may
be added 10 the bordeaux mixture at
the rate OF four ounces 20 fifty gallons
or arsenate OF lead at the rate OF two
pounds 10 fifty gallons and one spray.
Ing made effective for both insects and
diseases.
If you have many fruit trees IL VIII
pay TO send 90 the experiment station
for a spraying calendar. which will