davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15
RAIL FENCE PHILOSOPHY

A great many men have beautiful
theories about farming, but they do not
stand tho test OF actual experiment.
These men arc like those dreamers who
write books telling people how to get
rich but who have to borrow money
to pay the rent.
A farmers success Is not always
measured by his acres. There arc bet
tor things in life than mere land
Vaudeville Is all right on the stage
of a city theater. but sadly out of
place I'm a farmers institute
Some one has said that as weeds
keep us busy cultivatins the soil they
may be blessings In disguise; but
most OF us would rather receive our
blessings In the regular way.
The boys who leave the farm for
the city and succeed there are all
thoroughbred.
There Is no one thing that does a
farmer more good than to travel among
the successful farmers in other sec
tons of the country and study their
conditions, study their system of crop
rotations and how they market their
products.
The man who is always asking your
advice seldom follows it. He is just
feeding you one form of nattery
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15
CHEMISTRY OF GROWTH
Some of the Things Which Arc
Necessary to the Growth
Of Trees and Plants,
BY H. H. SHEPARD.

When any substance Is burned. o,
heated to high degree. In confined
space where not much II any air can
enter. II turns to charcoal.
Ihis black charcoal Is almost pure
carbon, and makes up a large share OF
the cells and tissues of plants. This
carbon comes to the leaves from the
carbon dloXide OF the air.
Thus 1t Is plain that large amount
OF this gas Is required in summer 90
satisfy the needs of the millions OF
growing plants.
Plant foods arc taken from tho soil
and air. Small amounts come from
the soil, and very large amounts come
from the air.
Roots OF plants push down and out
I'm the soil In search OF plant food
/ They struggle for their share when too
many plants grow in one place
The same is true OF leaves. They
reach UP and out in search OF air md
light. When growing plants arc crowd
ed their leaves struggle FOR free, open
space
When leaves arc shaded by tho leaves
OF other plants they arc not able to get
al much air and light as they need
hence their growth and fruitfulncss
arc checked.
Since so much carbon Is required by
growing plants, and there is so small
an amount In the air. there is flerco
struggle among the, leaves Each leaf
tries to get as much air and light as 1t
can
For this reason most Of the leaves of
tree and OF many other plants arc on
tho outermost and topmost branches
and twigs.
Those on the lower branches and
near the center of the tree arc shut
away from air and light hence they
arc able TO do only n little work.
Climbing vines creep and Chamber up
and over high objects to get into free.
open space They carry their leaves
upward and outward to wherc they
can get plenty of sun forces and car
bon.
Many plants in tho woods spring up
early in the season They do this in
order to get needed light and air be-
fore the trees out forth their leaves to
shut them out
When the forest trees have como into
full leaf these carly spring plants have
| finished their growth Then they 60
to sleep in the protecting soil to await
the coming OF the new spring.
Besides eating carbon dioxide from
the DIR and taking in sunshine, grow
ing leaves give off wafer. When the
roots drink up foods from the soil.
these foods arc dissolved in large guam
titles OF water.
II all flows to the leaves to mix
with carbon dioXidc and be made into
organic compounds. Some water IS
used in the foodmaking process, but
a large amount IS not needed and is
thrown off by the leaves,
Water thrown off by the leaves in
the food making process flies away
into the air as vapor.
The vapor OF course cannot be seen.
yet it is escaping from active leaves
all the time.
on sunny days and in dry weather
water evaporates from leaves very fast.
At such times IL there is plenty of
water In the soil to be pumped up TO
the leaves they remain fresh and do a
vast amount of work. II. however. at
such times the soil should be dry tho
leaves will give off moro water than
is supplied them; hence they wilt or
roll up.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15
BY AUSTIN B, FLETCHER.


The nnscadam type of road surfacinC
is particularly well adapted to main
highways connecting centcrs of popu-
lation on which there is moderate
travel
1t lis not an economical form Of
pavement for the main streets OF cities
and large towns and it Is usually too
expensive for country roads other
than the main highways.
1t resembles closely gravel road.
When road built OF gravel is not
quite sufficient TO resist successfully
the wear and tear of the traffic over IL
macadam surfacing may usually be
substituted for tho gravel with salts
factory results.
sometimes macadam surface may
De used with economy when the con-
o'tions arc such that a gravel surfs co
would satisfy the demands OF tradlc
out eood gravel cannot be obtained at
reasonable cost.
For ordinary country roads cxpcrl-
ence has shown that tho broken-s stone
SURFACE need not be moro than from
twelve TO fifteen feet wido IL suitable
shoulders arc built on each side
Twelve feet allows two vehicles to pass
each other safely. Fifteen feet ls
more satisfactory. particularly whom
motor vehicles arc passing each other
III the stone is less than twelve feet
wide there Is likelihood that tho
edges OF the macadam Will be shearod
on oy wheels unless the shoulders arc
made of especially good material
Whatever may be the width Of tho
stone, the shoulders should be nrn
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15
STRAWBERRY PLANTING

Ny Strawberries arc set out the first
week in May, and it takes Il week To
dig and set the plants. which Is plenty
long enough to leave the weeds. so
start the cultivator just as soon as
get through setting and keep IL going
rs the weeds show themselves.
l think that there is 10 danger of
over cultivation. ] narrow up the cul-
tivator as the runners spread and fra,
to leave the plants I'm uniform matted
rows two or two and q half feet wide
Right here let me say that long ago
gave up trying TO carry over an old
bed. as L would rather set new every
spring and care for the now bed than
clean out an old one l used TO trv
setting in the fall. but it only gave mo
extra work in wedding with a greater
percentage OF wintcr-killcd plants thai
had 10 he reset in tho spring and, worst
OF all, an inferior quality Of fruit. So
| abandoned fall setting altogether
| do not trim the roots, althoucb I
like the plan. Time tx worth too much
| use i'm setting a hoe. Buy a now
hoe. as good a one as I can find; cut
the handle Oft To fifteen 10 eighteen in
chcs long, then cut ono side OF the hoe
OF to a point the right side for a
right hand man and the left side fo,.
left hand man. 1 find this tool very
valuable in wedding. so much so that
most Of my mon choose it In preference
TO any other.
Taking this hoe and sticking il into
the ground Its full depth and drawing
1t toward mo enough to give room for
the roots of the plants To set behind
it SO that the roots will be straight
down in the ground / then place the
plant in and withdraw the hoe. ana
taking both hands. press the plant in
firmly. the harder tho bettor, unless
the ground is very wet.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15
SPRING BERRY NOTES
p1AcKprnn1rs AND nAsrBERRlEs.

BLACKBERRIES AND RAsPBERRrEs.
Don't neglect To cut out all OF last
years bearing canes. IL you have not
done 40 already
Don't forget TO burn these old canes T,
they are a menace to the coming crop
as they are likely To contain diseases
and insects.
Don't overlook tho fact that the suck
ers must be cut away from each hill'
leaving only four or five strong ones
to each hill for next years crop.
Don't act as though you had q
grudge against all these berries; but
give them good soil, proper cultivation.
reasonable care and attention. and they
Will pay you IN many ways.
Don't plow too deeply during the
growing season. especially. or you will
destroy the small roots feeding near
the surface
Don't forget that these cane fruits
are not octogenarans; new planta- :
tions must be made every few years.
CURRANTS AND GooSEBERR1ES.
Don't fail To start few new plants
by burying good strong branches, leav-
ing the tops out OF the ground few
Inches. and tying them to stakes. They
Will be rooted by fall
Don't forget that the currant worm
hates powdered white hclleborc, either
in dry form busted upon the leaves or
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15

along the coast line Is sufficiently wat
cred by rains to permit of diversified
farming.
Another belt interior to this. but
narrow in proportion TO the whole
continent, is suitable for grazing. and
on this belt the vast nocks of sheep
are maintained
The dry season is long. and it is
necessary to resort TO water holes.
which the rains, in their brief season,
MI and provide stores for the long
period Of drought
For the past few years the heat and
drought in Australia have been OK
traordlnary. The water holes have dried
up and millions of sheep have perisbed
OF thirst
IL Is likely therefore, that so long
as the wool supply OF the United States
furnishes but little more than half M
the amount needed by our manufac-
turers sheep raising will remain a yery
profitable industry, and there viii
be little danger in the next decade of
our overstoclling either the mutton or
wool market.
however, the United States is not
the only country which shows a lam
gushing condition OF the wool indus
try.
In germany the decrease has been
marked, but whether because of the
low price OF wool or of the high nrice
oi idinos we are not advised: although
Is likely that owing to the higher
prices Tor meats which have prevailed
III Germany in the last few years the
,ochs nave gone to the butchers. as
they nave In our own country.
me 1armer naturally favors the
quickest market. A lamb can be turned
INTO money In q much shorter time
than wool and when the prices arc
advantageous the lambs go to tbo
butcher. ''
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15

nothing like establishing a good honest
reputation for yourself Do this and
your honey will sell itself.
One day while working in the apiary
a gentleman watched me. He was anx-
ious to know how l managed to get
the honey from the hives He asked
Was 1t at night when all the bees
are asleep" That. of course. would
be the very worst time of all. for bees
know nothing about sleep. but work
twenty-four hours a day. There is
plenty OF work for them TO do In the
hive at night. such as evaporating the
honey building comb, etc.
1t is the custom of bee keepers gem
orally to select warm and clear days
In which to perform the operations OF
the hive The older bees that consti-
tute the field force are out then In
quest of nectar and pollen and the
manipulations are more easily per-
formed.
Bees that are swarming or those
that are out in the fields gathering
nectar and pollen very seldom
volunteer an attack or course a bee
hive should not be pulled apart every
few days Tor mere curiosity. but cx-
2Inined only occasionally TO ascertain
progress
Why do bees swarm. anyway Why
don't they settle down and stick to
their knitting instead of breaking I'D
housekeeping just at time when
everything begins to look prosperous ?
Well. the fact Is prosperity breeds dis
content. and the old home is becoming
too crowded. Besides, It is natures
way of providing increase and pro-
longing the race. Providence has given
the honey bee this instinct
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15
HONEY BEES PROFITABLE
Honey Is HeaIthful and Always
Commands a Good Price if
Marketed Properly.
BY F. G. HERMAN.

Honey does not injure the teeth as
candy does 1t is an excellent remedy
for most of the lung and throat affcc-
tions and is a good substitute for cod
liver oil. Honey is laxative and seda-
tive and Is especially valuable in cases
of bladder and kidney diseases.
Thousands of bees pour In and out
of the hives many times day; thou
sands more swarm over the combs.
each untrammelcd by rules and with
no set task. No bee works for itself;
the multitude works as though ii were
one bee.
If you desire to advertise your honey
and work up a trade. place your name
and address on every package. Labels
arc all right for glass jars. but for
comb honey either have d printed car
ton or stamp your name on the section
with rubber stamp. If you are capa-
bic of producing n fancy article you
deserve the credit for IL and all Of
the trade there Is to be had. There is
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15
SKIM MILK FOR PIGS

An interesting feeding test by the
Storrs Connecticut experiment sta
ton shows that skim milk alone is
too bulky for pigs and that II costs
more to produce 100 pounds OF gain
than most other feeds.
In this experiment the test covered
eighty-siX days. Three pigs fed skim
milk only. weighing on an average
2i,3 pounds at the beginning, gained 62
pounds in SO days. The average daily
gain was .72 pound; 2,739 pounds of
milk were required for 100 pounds of
gain at cost of S5.4S.
Three pigs fed grain and skim milk
q to -, weighing on an average 2i.5
pounds at the beginning, gained 119
pounds in sc days. The average daily
gain was l. 3S pounds: o35 pounds Of
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15

FED SKIM MILK AND GRAIN IN pRopon-
TIoN OF 1 TO y,
ginning, gained 40 pounds in Sc days
Tho average daily gain was AZ pound
The feed required for 100 pounds of
gain was AS pounds and cost $5.i5
In this trial the largest and most
economical gains were made by those
lots receiving milk and grain i'm com
bination. The least gains were made
by the lot receiving grain only. Al the
arbitrary prices assumed for feed the
lot receiving skim milk only made
gains at the the greatest cost
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15

the hive. Your alightIng board Is as
wide as you want ii and Will not get
out OF place either on hive on the
ground or on one on a high bench.
Bend the wire at such length as to
leave no space for the bees to jump
over from the board 10 the hive An
old barrel will furnish stun TO make
them, some slaves being plenty wide,
or a biscuit or cracker box. when one
has no lumber to cut up. Wire should
be near the end to be out OF tho way.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15
s.s S55zs5szzz1lfS~
L. r <-S4S " ~ e&$S
SsvreaSA @YE ~ W
5ssI:5s sGs W :
.'N@

skim milk. 23S pounds of grain were
required for 100 pounds Of gain at a
cost of s420.
Three pigs fed grain and skim milk
l to 81, weighing on an average 2S
pounds at the beginning gained 10
pounds In SO days. The average daily
gain was LIS pounds, The feed re-
quire1 for loo pounds of gain was
1.3dl pounds of skim milk and 16S
pounds of grain and cost $4.36
Three pigs fed grain only, weighing
on an average 253 pounds at the be-
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15
WOOL MARKET FAVORABLE
Reduced Yield in Other Lands
Has Given the Industry an Inn
petus in United States.
By C. MILLER.

The fact that the wooden manufac-
turers OF the United States have been
obliged to import millions of pounds
of wool in order to keep their mills
going has revived interest In the qucs-
tion OF sheep raising In many parts
of the country where flocks have not
been maintained for many years.
The dcmand for lamb and mutton at
prices higher than they have been for
generation has kept down the lockS
so that the total increase in the num-
Der of sheep in the United States has
been but 10 per cent in twenty i've
years
The worlds production both OF sheep
and wool has been greatly lessened In
recent years by disasters which have
overtaken tho industry in two of the
greatest sheep growing countries. Ar
gentIna and Australia. In the former
country disease has killed millions of
sheep.
In Australia only a narrow strip
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15

No. 1 Is timber hitch. the greater
tho strain the tighter 1t VIII hold.
No. is a catspaw. an endless loor
utilized where great power is required
No. is Glove hitch and shows its
application around a pole.
No. is AN application In securing a
rope to a timber used in scaffolding.
No 5 is a fishcrmans bend useful
when thick rope is made fast to a
ring.
No. 6 Is a rolling hitch used chiefly
in making one rope fast to another
when held tight.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15

in solution, This Is also good. or rather
bad, for the span or measuring worm
that prefers gooscberry leaves,
Don't think any old corner in the
garden is good enough for the goose
berry, Just get few really fine sorts
and give them good care and see what
a fine berry the gooseberry really is
with half a chance.
Don't neglect TO cut out all the old
shoots of the currants, and allow only
five to eight bearing branches-that is,
il you want exhibition berries.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15
BEE HIVE CONVENIENCE

The following is description of an
allghting board for bees which has
many good qualities.
Put two small clcats on tho under
side of the board with nails and then
drive Is end of wire through the
board and clcat. leaving out the stout
end hook. Hook the stout end into
the entrance so as to catch inside OF
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15
SOME USEFUL ROPE TIES

Every boy on the farm ought to
learn how 10 make knots which VIII
hold and which can be easily united.
Tho following suggestions illustrated
by the cuts will be helpful.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15
TO KEEP PAINT BRUSHES SOFT

Take a common water pail. paint It
wcll on the inside and drive small
nails into the side of the pail near the
top. Place them low enough so that
WI the pail is half 0lled with water
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15
USEFUL DAIRY SUGGESTIONS

a man who Is feeding silage this
winter for the first time says that II
Is surprising how it cuts the cost Of
milk.
In every dairying neiGhborhood there
arc plenty of farmers who are feeding
a dozen COWS the year around to pro-
duce the same amount Of butter fat
that half a dozen good COWS would give
A curry comb and a good stiff brush
applied with grit and patience. cspe-
cially in the spring. viii do the COWS
good and make them feel good too.
Hurry the pals Of fresh milk out OF
the stable just as soon as you can after
milking MIX is just like a sponge
about taking in foul odors.
Good authorities say 1t should take
butter about three quarters of an hour
to come If 1t does not perhaps the
cream or the churnIng room arc too
cold.
The cows need fresh air, exercise and
all the sunshine they can get these
days.
The cows will pay us back In good
milk and butter if we remember that
they enjoy vegetables along with their
hay and supply their wants. They
must miss the green grass drcadfully
these white days.
Never complain about a cows big
appetite. The moro hay you carry
TO hcr manGer the more milk she VIII
ing the heavy mixer.
Sec that the COWS have a warm shell
ter these cold nights. Chilly COWS don't
give much milk.
on bright days open tho stable WIN
dowS and let tho sunshine In Then
open the doors and let the cows out
Provide plenty Of good bedding In
the COW stable.
Every mixer who Is rough with the
cows should retire from that business
at once.
II a COW Is a machine to change food
into milk she appreciates kindness
Dip the grain scoop deep when feed
ing the heavy mllker.
Feed no dry. dusty fodder before
II dusty, sprinkle,
For tho hundredth time! Wash tne
udder Just before milking and wipe
with a clean cloth or sponge.
Abe Snyder u farmer living near
OwasSo. Okla. was bitten by co"
afflicted with rabies. He died lie"
days afterward. The COW had neen
bitten by dog two weeks before, nu.
showed no signs of the disease un'n
she attacked her master as he was
her.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15

all the bristles and head of the brush
will he immersed. BY this means
brushes can be kept in fno condition
just AS long as water Is kept in tho
pail. Never place brush In water
previous TO using it. because the water
will cause It to become Uoggy and
wholly unft for painting.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15

The Ladies' SILK Culture society OF
California has several acres planted to
mulberry trees and they plan to teach
children the silk industry.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15

A curry comb and good stiff brush
applied with grit and patience. cspe-
cially in the spring. viii do the COWS
good and make them feel good. too.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15

a fullgrown fox was killed at At
lantic City, n. j.. by game rooster
owned by John Carroll The fox seized
plump hen from the roost, and the
game cock flew at him. Hc sunk his
long spurs into the foXs eye, reaching
the brain The Reynard fell over a
corpse. When Farmer Carroll opened
the coop he found the rooster strut
ting over the fox's body.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15

Hurry the pals Of fresh milk out OF
the stable just as soon as you can after
milking MIX is just like a sponge
about taking in foul odors.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15

a man who Is feeding silage this
winter for the first time says that It
Is surprising how it cuts the cost OF
milk.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15
WE ARE FOND OF SUGAR

Uncle Sam has a big sweet tooth
We Yankees consume nearly 400. 900
tons of beet sugar every year and still
are hungry enough to buy 5000, 600
tons more from Europe This is not all
beet sugar, but it is sugar and costs
millions.
We have hfty-seyen sugar beet fac
tories working three months each year.
grinding. boiling and squeezing the
sugar out OF nearly 10000 tons of beets
every working day, but this docs not
nearly I'LL our wants.
These facts are encouraging to beet
growerS-or ought to be
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15

In every dairyinG neiGhborhood there
arc plenty of farmers who are feeding
a dozen cows the year around to pro-
duce the same amount of butter lat
that half a dozen good COWS would give
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15

Good authorities say 1t should take
butter about three quarters of an hour
TO come. If 1t does not perhaps the
cream or the churnlng room arc too
cold
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-05-15

Abe Snyder. u farmer living near
Owasso. Okla. was bitten by co"
afflicted with rabies. He died fe"
days afterward The COW had been
bitten by dog two weeks before. ou.
showed no signs of the disease unth
she attacked her master as he was
milking her.