davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Fargo forum and daily republican., 1909-05-29
START BAR EXAMINATIONS.
Tuesday Is Time When Law Men Viii
Begin, Writing.

Grand Forks, N. D., May 29--The
annual bar examinations will be con-
Quoted in the law school in Grand
Forks commencing next Tuesday. The
senior class of the law school will
write. The supreme court will hold A
special session here the latter part Of
next week or the first part of the fol-
lowing week, at which time the sue
cessful candidates will be sworn in.
The Fargo forum and daily republican., 1909-05-29

'sWot ye readin' about. Chimmy?"
sAbout a guy named Hannibal. He
wuz de greatest general Of bis time:s'
"Football or ring Kansas City
Journal.
The Fargo forum and daily republican., 1909-05-29

the animal, which had beer grazing
near, tin II was upon her she was
knocked down and trantpled upon and
sustained terrible bruises. .wing to
her advanced age, son.c fears are en-
tertained as to her ultimate recovery.
The Fargo forum and daily republican., 1909-05-29
NEW STATE DEPUTY NAMED.
p. }. Murphy of Grafton Appointed az
Successor to Late "A. s, Oliver.

Grand Forks. N. D., May 29.-P. j..
Murphy of Grafton has been appointed
as state deputy Of the Modern Wood
men of America, Grand sodge of North
Dakota. Mr.. Murphy Will take the
position made vacant Dy the death Of
Hon. II. S. Oliver of Lisbon, one Of
the pioneer residents of. North Dakota,
The Fargo forum and daily republican., 1909-05-29

of the Great Northern railroad at
Larimore, but who has lately been
employed at Denbigh. has resigned his
position and viii take place with the
First State bank at Denbigh.
The Fargo forum and daily republican., 1909-05-29

Grand Forks. N. D., May 2s.-N. b
Matthews. who was formerly agent
The Fargo forum and daily republican., 1909-05-29

Talent knows what TO do: tact know.
what not = -
The Fargo forum and daily republican., 1909-05-29

Drastic laws to insure a safe and
sane Fourth will not be half SO ef-
fective as the woodshed interviews Of
our grandfather's days.
The Fargo forum and daily republican., 1909-05-29

Men will fret and men will, pcold
about the hats women wear, yet never
think OF setting good example by
reforming their own headgear.
The Fargo forum and daily republican., 1909-05-29
LARIMoRE COMMENCEMENT.

Will Take Place Next Friday Evening
Robertson to Speak.
Larimore, N. d.. May 2s--The com
mencement exercises Of the Larinaore
high school viii take place on Friday
Of next week DR.. e. r. Robertson OF
Grand Forks viii deliver the COM
mencement address. The class day ex-
ercises of the. seniors will take place
next Wednesday evening.
The Fargo forum and daily republican., 1909-05-29

Choice prairie lands; good relinquisn-
ments. cheap. Free homesteads located
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26
READ THIS.

Tt is astonishing" remarked a we'll known authority on Diseases of the skin, how such a large number of peo- pie, especially ladies, are by attractive ly written advertisements, induced to purchase some of the many so called Beauty Creams now on the market, not knowing of course that they most ly contain oly or greasy substances that clog the pores of the skin and are for that reason the very worst things that they could possibly use. My treat ment of Pimples, Blackheads, Blotch- es and all eruptions of the skin, are as follows and has invariably proved very successful. Wash the face carefully every night before retiring with warm water and little oatmeal tied up in a small cloth bag, then after drying well. use the following inexpensive and perfectly harmless prescription which can be filled at any Drug Store. Clearola boz. Ether l oz. Alcohol ozs. Use this mixture on the face as often as possible during the day, but use night and morning anyway, allow. ing it to remain on the face at least ten minutes, then the powdery film may be wiped off. Do not wash the face for some little time after using. By following this simple treament, yor will soon have clear and Brilliant Complexion.
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26
The NeWtoWn Bee. Newtown. Friday, February 2o, iees'
South Britain.
ITEMS OF INTEREST.

Mrs Hall has been seriously Ill with tonsilitis. Dr Green attends her.
 Mrs Arthur Munson is visiting her slster-in-law in Lakewood, N. J.
 A,r and Mrs Stephen Baker of New York were in town over Sunday,
 Mir ana Mrs harvard Mitchell are in Bellyiew, O., where they attended the wedding of Miss Marion stahl.
 Miss Susie Mitchell visited In Waterbury over Sunday,
 John Mitchell has been III with grip,
 Mir West, leader of the orchestra, who was taken Ill with acute iEdi- gestion at the dance, February l2, has been confined to his bed since.
 The attendance at the schools has been small owing to the colds and sore throats of the children. Hardly a family Las escaped the epedemic.
 Mrs Liebert entertained her brother and lady friend, over Sun day.
 Mrs William Fowler has been con fined to her bed for several days.
 Mrs Jessie Fowler and sons spent a week at c. B. Pierce's.
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26
Brookfield.
NEWS HEREABOUTS.

MT and Mrs Maybury of New Jer- sey were the guests of MT and Mrs Pope on Sunday and Monday.
 There are quite a number of our farmers who have not yet got in their supply of ice. AS all the old ice has gone the promise for another crop is not very flattering.
 The Ladies Sewing society met immediately after the service on Wednesday for work.
 A daughter was born to MT and Mrs Martin on Friaay of last week.
 At the meeting of the Country club, held at the home of MT and Mrs Eugene Lake, last week, Miss Flora Griffin and Clark Joyce received the first prizes and Mrs J. Howard Peek anu Dr Ryder the consolation.
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26
Bulls Bridge.
NEWSY NOTES.

Miss Ida Frank and Miss Tracy of Dover was il the village, WedntS- iav
 Jerome Judd returned to Water bury, Thursday.
 Mrs Charles Bolt spent a few days, last week, with her son in Waterbury.
 William and Frank Goodsell of North Kent were in the village, Tuesday.
 MT and Mrs c. H. Hoag visited MT and Mrs Louis Darling at their home in Danbury, last week.
 Miss Lida Woodir of Wingdale, N. r., was at Mrs B. c. Hoags over Sunday.
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26
Stevenson
NEWS AS THE BEES SCRIBE
 FINDS IT.

NEWS AS THE BEES SCRIBE
 FINDS IT.
 c. D. Hine of Hartford will speak on school topics at tn church, We'd nesday evening, March 3.
 Little Viola Botsford was taken to the New Haven hospital last Sat urday, fer another operat.on.
 Mrs J. B. Griffin and Olive Owens of Briarcliff Manor, N. r., are visit ing at S F. Owens.
 Charles French is having an addi- ion built onto his house. A carpen' ter from Waterbury is doing the work.
 Mrs Charles Smyth of Bridgeport has been a guest Of MT and Mrs c. N Hararg for a few days.
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26
AuCtiOn.

Twill sell at Public Auction on Thursday, March IS. at 10 a. m.. at my place in Brook field Iror Works. my Hay and Straw. corr, and Rye potatoes. vinegar, wine press. wheel barrow, Humber wagon, two seated family wagon, road cart, carriage. harness. single gll,t and double. milk cans, tobacco press, Stalh and hay cutter. milk sleigh. ploughs, harrow grindslones, a fine two-seated trap. ridger ana marker. potato coverer, one set of light 0oOs with long box. feed box. cross cut saws whiffietrees, apple press. barrels and heads fly sprayer. l will offer my black team ol horses if not sold before and three yount COWS, four or five hives of bees. George L Corbin. 0. Marcy. Auctioneer. If stormy lfrst fair day.,
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26

A. E. Brinton of New Milford, for many years with A. H. McMahon, has rented the plumbing shop of R, H. Beers, and will opn a plumbing. timing and iobbing shop thcreabout March |. He lores by first class work to merit a share of the public patronage.
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26

DIsTRICT OF NEWT0WN. ss. Probate D Court, Feb. 20. 1909. s .,
 Estate of Anna Maria sherman, late ot the State of Florida, deceased.
 Upon the application of Seymour l.; Hub bell, administrator praying for an order au- thori2ing and empowering him to sell cer- tain real estaUe belonging to. said estate. as per application on file more fully appears IL lORDERED, That said application be heard and determined at the Probate Office in New town in said District, on the 27th day Of te }; A. D. 1909. at 9 o'clock in the forenoon, an9 that notice be given of the pendency or sald application and the time and place of near ing thereon by publishing the same one Clilie ", inssome newspaper having circulation Tn said District and by posting a copy thereof on the public sign-Dost in the Town Of New town in said District. ,a.. William J. Beecher. Judge
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26
nIsTRToT oFHUNTINGToN. ss.. Court of

RESTRICT OF HUNTINGTON. ss', Court Of D Probate. Feby. l5. 1909. ,., u.,.,. Estate of Harvey r. Peet. late Of Hunting ton in said district deceased.
 The Court of Probate, for, the District of Huntington hath limited and allowed SIX months fromthe date hereof for the creditors of said Estate to exhibit their claims lol Settlement Those who neglect to present their accounts, properly attested, within saiu time, will be debarred q recovery. All persons indebted to said Estate are fe' duested tomake immediate payment to G- Edwin c. Shelton, Administrator
 k. r, D, l4. Stepney Depot Ct'
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26

STATE OF CONNECTICUT. District of S bridgeport, ss, Probate Court February 9. 1909. ar.,,o. late ot tha tnxn of Monroe, in said district, deceased.
 The Gonrt of Probate for District of Bridge port hath limited and allowed . months from date hereof for the creditors of sall Es- Those who neglect to present their accounts, properly attested, within said time, will be de- barred a recovery, All persons indebted 70 said Estate are requested to make Immediate payment to .,,-,....o.
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26

NOR sALE-A well located farm 3 1-2 miles
 T from the center of the very thriving city of Waterbury, Connecticut, and six minutes walk from trolley. IA miles from the cen ter of Middlebury where there if now build
 ing S3OO,OOO Young Ladies Seminary There
 are 80 acres of good land, ? apple orchards, cherries pears. peaches. etc. A nine room house, barns for 20 cows 5 horses, sheds, henneries, running water at house and barn. It is beautifully located on a. high rolling. ridge of land, and. with a, double roy, of sugar naples lining the drive from high way to house and view into or different townships. Address the owner, Loren R' tNarter, II East Main street. Waterbury, Conn
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26

NOR sALE-Two set of double coach har- \ ness. one cost s245 and l5O.OO: will sell for $50 and $50: don't forget to see Barhite about Rubber Tires; he can save you money. 2Vd Black Rock ave-, Bridgeport.
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26
DIsTRIcT OF YEW MILFORD ss. Probate

RESTRICT OF NEW MILFORD ss. Probate D February l5, 1902 ,n-,,..o, in said district, deceasRt.s .,...a ,t, Said Court has limited and allowed I, SIX SIX months from the date hereof for the Creditors of said Estate to exhibit their claims to the AdmlnlstratrlX. ,a.so,,. tho,, Those who neglect to, present. theif accounts, properly ,attested. Withliii, sani sa,u time. wifi be debarred q recovery All per- sons indebted to said Estate are requested 10 make immediate payment to
 Isabella A. Smith, AministratrlS'
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26

EOR SALE OR RENT-Good pasture, wei T watered, no brush in it, two horse and :; 7 one horse spring wagons to sell cheap. Will w. Clarke Woodville, Conn.
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26

EOR SALE-Two high grade typewriters, Y nearly new. A good one S2S. A better one s35. IrvingS. Holmes Ridgefeld. Conn.
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26

NOR SALE-Houdan cockerels from the T famous Riggs Straln, g and s3 each about 20 fine birds to select from. Old Horace Lyon Place. Huntington, Conn.,. near A. Roswell. P. 0. address F. Meeker, Shelton, Conn. R. F. D, &
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26
Probate Notices.

STATE OF CONNECTICUT, District Of S Bridgeport, ss Probate Court, February {, lH~, uu,.... e p,roay Ista of ina tavn of Monroe, in said District, deceased, The Court of Probate Tor the i,lsIrlst pl pridpeport hath limited and allowed sls months from date hereof. for the creditors gl said Estate to exhibit their claims 70 tlip aa, their accounts, properly attested, Withlh sala time. will be deharred recovery MI per, sons indebted 10 said estate are felhested to make immediate payment 10
 ida E, Eastwood, ESeeutrlx.
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26

rOR SALE One cheap work horse, years ! old, weight 115o, price $50 if sold at once. George R. Wilson. Taunton district, New town, Conn. Telephone i6-3.
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26
For Sale.
The Smedley Co.,,
IT Brewery St.. New Haven, Conn.,

JUANTED-A years job tie hewing. or tim
 W Der cutting Address z, New Milford'Ct K, D..
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26

vATANTED-To buy. old useless horses to w butcher, and all dead horses and cows re- moved free of charge. Fred Daniels, 25oI Madison Ave-, Bridgeport, Conn. Telephone 1S1l-6.
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26

wANTED-A position on 2 farm; good W milker and teamster. @ fIank TSion rnos,
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26

ZINC LEO--A magnificent long haired An A gora Cat of great value will be at service hereafter at Walsh's Cattery. Walnut Tree nabe ma sanay cats bousht muGn, % sold and boarded
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26

NOR sALE-A good Oliver Typewriter, lroas. Oliver. Pox s. Havleyville. Com.
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26

yI7ANTED-A good steady position in saw W and feed mill by steady, honest. cap- able, willing American married man handy at running saw mills, boilers, engines and other machinery. Call or address D. Ernest Penny Danbury, Conn. k. F. D. 20.
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26

HOR SALE-One roan horse. weight about T 1900 lbs, perfectly sound and gentle every where, years old. Inquire Ottos Market. 3O4 Main street, Danbury, Conn.,
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26

r OsT-At Town Hall, Monday night, a purse L containing sum of money and K. Of C. pm. n:
 Reward for return to BEE Office, NeWtoWn'Cs
The Newtown bee., 1909-02-26

SEND l2 cents (stamps) for recipe for finest S Orange Jelly you ever tasted! Easy to make. Mrs H. B. Mutt. l753 East 4Sd St. Los Angeles, Cal.
Evening star., 1909-02-26
CURB ROOSEVELT, SAYS BRYAN
WANTS Law TO MAINTAIN
LIBERTY OF PRESS.
Threat to Bankrupt Papers for Crit
icism of Officials Step Toward
Despotism, He Says.

LINCOLN, Neb., February % W. J.
Bryan in the forthcoming issue of his
Commoner will say about the President $
libel suit:
''rhe President has secured the indict-
ment of Mr. Pulitzer of the New York
World and Mr.. Smith of the lndianapo-
lis News. They are accused of libeling
the President, Elihu Root. then Secretary
of State: the Presidents brother-in-l law.
]. Pierpont Morgan, William Nelson Crom-
we'll and Charles P. Taft
This is the first effort that has been
made in nearly century to throttle the
press by federal prosecution. and it ought
to arouse enough indignation to make it
the last for another century.
Congress ought to pass a law imme-
diately withdrawing from federal courts
authority to prosecute for criticism of
governmental action.
IF every newspaper proprietor Is to be
threatened with bankruptcy by federal
prosecution in case he dares to say q
word against the action Of a federal Of
fetal, we will have taken the first step
toward despotsm. 1t will cost Mr.. Pulit-
ger and Mr. Smith more than the fortune
of the average man to defend themselves
in the suits brought. What chance, there
FORE would the average editor have in
such a case?
Our state laws are sufficient for the
protection Of the individual, for any per-
son who is injured by libel is at liberty
Evening star., 1909-02-26
LECTURES ON BRITISH ISLES.
Capt oldroyd Illustrates Remarks
With Many Views of Tour.

illustrating his remarks with more than
100 beautifully colored stereopt!con views
taken with his own camera, Capt. Os-
born II. Oldroyd. owner of the Oldrovd
Lincoln memorial collection. lectured in
the Friends Meeting House. 1911 street.
last night, on his recent tramp through
England, Scotland and Ireland.
The meeting house was crowded to hear
the speaker, whose lecture was the first
in a course to be given for the benefit
OF the Washington Meeting of the Friends
Miss Imosene Neu1and sang the national
airs of the countries described by the lee
turer as he referred to them.
Nearly the entire trip taken by Capt
Oldroyd was made on foot or i'm the third
class railway carriages of those three
countries. and he was. therefore able to
relate many incidents and interviews re-
vealing the real life of the people. A
number of views and references were
made to homes of many of the famous
characters of history and literature
Among the homes shown and described
were those of Sir Walter Raleigh. at
Youghal. Ireland: Robert Burns John
Knox, in Edinburgh: Ann Hathaway,
Charles Dickens and Shakespeare. Some
other views were those of Westminster
Abbey, Bank of England, Buckingham
Palace, house Of commons. Leather Bot
tie Inn. Burns mausoleum in Dumfries.
and Londonderry.
The next lecture in the course will be
given in the meeting house on Thursday,
March II, by Capt Thomas H. Mckee
on Character Pictures in National Life y
Evening star., 1909-02-26
ADDITION TO PARK SYSTEM.
Proposed Acquisition of Part of Old
B. & O. Right of Way.

The District Commissioners have asked
Gen. Marshall, chief of engineers of the
army, TO accept jurisdiction over two
small tracts of land in Northeast Wash
ington with view to their incorporation
in the park system of the District. This
land forms part of the old right OF way
of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, and
has been conveyed to the United States
under the provisions Of the act of Con-
gress approved February II, 1901, pro-
viding for the elimination of grade cross
ngs I'm the District of Columbia. One of
the tracts in question is on the north side
of / street north between 9Th and 9Th
streets east, adjacent to square SS1. The
other section is at the intersection of 1th
and X streets northeast, adjacent to
square SSS.
The transfer is asked by the District
Commissioners In accordance with the
provisions of an act Of Congress approved
July 1, 1898. The matter has been re-
ferred to Col. Bromwell, the engineer Of
ficer in charge of public buildings and
grounds, for report.
Evening star., 1909-02-26
CADET CORPS ANNUAL DANCE
CORCORANS CELEBRATE 26TH
ANNIVERSARY.
National Rifles Armory Scene of
Large Assembly-Colonial Cos
tunes Worn by Members.

Several hundred couples tripped over the
floor at the National Rifles Armory last
night at the twenty-sixth anniversary
dance of the Corcoran Cadet Corps, Com
pany L, 1st Regiment of the National
Guard, District of Columbia.
There were twenty numbers on the pro-
gram. while several extras were also rem
dered by Clicks Orchestra. Dancing
started at o'clock and continued until
midnight. The colonial costumes worn
by a number of members of the corps
presented a striking appearance on the
ballroom floor.
The committees in charge consisted of:
Executive committee-Capt. c. Eugene
Edwards. First Lieut. Charles A Meyer.
Sergt. G. J. Tucker Sergt. George E.
Hunter. Sergt. +. B. Germon, Cadet
Henry Rees.
Floor director-Sergt Edward W.
Clements.
Floor committee-Corp J. A. Giovan-
noni. Corp. f. Frank Lusby. Corp. Fl. w.
Buell.. Cadet r. D. Coleman. Cadet w. b.
Courtney. Cadet w. J. Turner. Cadet T..
Collngsworth Cadet A. d. Langley. Cadet
Robert Vernstein. Cadet V n. Hutton.
Mrs. c. Eugene Edwards. Mr.. and Mrs.
Frank Sigourney, Serst and Mrs.
Michael +. Drew George Wylie, Leo
Trudewind. Mr.. and Mrs. Dougherty, Mr.
and Mrs. Harrington. Mr.. and Mrs. Lang
ley. Mr.. and Mrs. G. Almond. J John
son, c. Johnson. Miss Atwell, Miss, Brodie,
Miss Cost. w. ]. Burns Miss Giovanni ].
Monicure. Mrs. Baden. Miss Baden, Miss
M. Collins, Miss X. Hamman. Mrs Col
lingsworth. Miss Alice Weaver, j. w.
O'Boyle, Messrs. Hutton, Rees. Turner,
Brady, J. Sewell, Mcdowell and Buell.;
Sergt. and Mrs. Tucker. Mrs Carll
Mrs. r. Dougherty. S. Cohencous J.
Cohencious. Mr.. King, Mr. Rosenthal.
NJ. Mcdowell, Lieut.. and Mrs. Meyer,
Lieut.. and Mrs. Hazard. Mr.,
Sartain. Lieut.. and Mrs. D. B. Mil
ler, jr:: Lieut.. James H. Reynolds, ir;
Miss Marguerite Burns. Mr. Buell., Mr.
Courtney. Miss keegin. Mrs. Terry Miss
CARL, Miss buckingham, Miss Foster.
Burns, Capt. Boman, Miss Stolker,
and Mrs. c. Eugene Edwards. Mr.. Mu-
shaw, Miss kahlert, Miss Lannon, Miss
Cady. Miss Rich. Miss Rodda Mrs. Hut
ton. Miss Essex, Miss Minnie Wylie. Mrs.
G. W: Wylie. Mrs. Zier. Miss Follen.
Miss Dean. Miss Mae Rees. Miss Annie
Ebert. Miss Emma Ebert Miss Olga
BarntZ. Miss Maybelle Buckingham. Miss
Florence Marks. Miss Lou Montague.
Miss F. W. Clements. Miss Christine
mond. Miss Gertrude Topley Mrs. Baden,
Mrs. Thorpe. Mrs. Anna McGarvey. Mrs.
Redman, Miss Ollie Meyer. Mr. Tucker.
Mrs. Tucker. Mrs. W. A. Slater, and Mr.
+. A. Herring of Harrisonburg Va: Mrs.
Backing. Miss Beaton, Miss Hayes, Miss
Cooley. n. c. Dimond, Miss Moran Miss
Robey and Miss Burns.
Evening star., 1909-02-26
STEAMER TULIP FLOATED.
Service Boat Pulled Off
Shoals by Sister Ships.

The lighthouse service steamer Tulip,
which went aground on the shoals in the
Potomac at the entrance to Port Tobacco
creek Saturday last, was floated Wednes-
day evening by the lighthouse service
steamers Maple and Holly, on their way
from this city to their stations on Chesa-
peake bay.
The Maple and Holly had been used to
convey officials of the lighthouse service
bureau to Hampton roads to witness the
Homecoming of the uorldgirding fleet,
and had brought their passengers to this
city on the return trip. They remained
here but a short time after landing their
passengers before starting for cruises on
the bay.
On their way down the river they sent
lines to the stranded Tulip. After pulling
at her for several hours they succeeded
I'm getting her into deep water.
The Tulip is a new boat. having been
built less than a year. AS yet she has
never visited this port. though 1t is stated
she has several times visited the lower
Potomac. The vessel was not injured.
Evening star., 1909-02-26
THIMBLE sHoAL SIREN MUTE.
Lungs Give Out While Roaring
Salute to Battle Fleet.

The big fog siren at the Thimbe Shoal
light station in lower Chesapeake bay is
silent. It's lungs gave out last Monday
come to the feet coming into Hampton
roads from its world d-encircing cruise.
1t had just reached the highest note Of
"a great below of welcome when, all of a
sudden it stopped short. Its silence was
felt.
The stoppage was caused by some dis
arrangement of its air-compressing ma
chinery. Until this is repaired the sta
ton will be unable to sound its usual fog
and thick weather warnings.
Mariners will therefore recollect that
for the present their notification of the
wherea bouts of the Thimble light in fog
will be two bells, struck by machinery, a
single blow every five seconds. The fog
signal sounding apparatus will be re-
paired soon as possible.
\ notice 10 mariners regarding changes
in buOyage in waters of the fifth district
has been issued follows:
Chesapeake Bay. Main Ship Channel,
Va.-Smith point shoal buoy. 10. spar in
winter. reported missing February =, has
been replaced
Elizabeth River. Va.-The following
buoyS were replaced and their positions
verified:
spar found out of position.
Channel buoy, H. a spar, found out of
position.
Channel buoy. 16. a spar, found missing.
Channel buoy, "a, d spar. found out of
position.
Lambert point buoy. Ill, temporarily
wooden spar. found out of position.
Evening star., 1909-02-26

The large brick dwelling of John IT.
Holt, situated near White Hill, Va. WAS
destroyed by fire.