davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Arizona sentinel., 1909-05-27
POSSIBILITIES 0F YUMA
 REGlOH JkFATHOMED The Soil Simply Marvellous in Its
 Pr0duCtiyeHeSS And the Climate is !ntOxiCatingly
 SaIgbriouS
BY GEORGE \. BURTON, Ia los Angeles Times.

IL Is very far from a standardization since thrce little open boats under the flag Of Spain first touched the waters Of the western hcJnf- sphere and revealed the new world to the eyes of Europeans. It is only little over a century since the United States of America sprRRx so to speak, like Pallas Athene from the brain or love, a completely armed ad- ai;ion to the family of nations. It is but little yer half a century since California be- s-an,e a part of these United States of America, and less than a generation since the settle nlcnt of the Great South vest began.
 In all the l25 years since the Republic was founded. also in the half century since Call fOrnia became one of the States of the Union. and during every year of the last thirty, a re- alization of the vast riches Of the American continent, Of the territory of the United States and Of this Great Southwest has been more and more astonishing 10 the minds oi men One would suppose that by today we knew pretty thoroughly what the undevelop- ed resources Of the Great Southwest might reasonably he expected to become. We have not reached the depths Of thls great ocean oi wealth with our plummet line yet.
 Tn a residence of forty years on inc Coast shc writer thought he knew a little about what there is on the Coast, and as most of shcse years have been spent in and around Eos Angeles. he naturally had little con peit that he was pretty well acquainted with the Great Southwest Last week trip 10 the Colorado River bottoms. below Yuma made Nam feel as a tenderfoot wbo had come in on The last train. New to hiaa, this wonderful region and its possibilities arc pretty vel known to a great Toany readers Of Fsse Tisnes by the stories published. if not by tue demon ssration Of their own eyes.
 Yuma lies on the map just twelve. miles from where the government is putting in the great Laguna dam, at the confluence of the ciila and Colorado Rivers. 1t is twelve miles from Yuma down the river to the Mexican boundry line on the Arizona side Of the river At one point, just below Yuma. the interna uoaal boundry line runs up along the rivel which there takes westerly trend and from Numa to Mexico IS only few miles.
The Arizona sentinel., 1909-05-27
ONCE A MIGHTY STREAM.

Ages ago when the mountain ranges Of Arizona and California lowered toward the stars. ali least twice as high as they do now, -s,ins were very freduent and came down in torrcntial volumes all along these mountain ridges The Colorado River in these past ages was mighty stream, sweeping down debris in tons every second of its flow. The Cobra sio sink was at that time great inland sea, which spread over the country on both sides of where the river now runs. As the erosion sf winds and storms, landslides and glaciers wore down the mountain ridges year by year, She great river carried down, vast amount er silt. erosion from the rocks full Of phos' phates, times and dIsintergrated granites, as well as the vegetation along It's banks; and this was all deposited tn what are now the sinks of the Colorado.
 AS the mountain tops were worn down, inc rains became less frequent and less i'll volume but the erosion of rocks aad rIVeT banks, the srces and vegetable laoHld torn from the banks still came down and settled iRto the bottom of the great inland lake. This geogical process went oA from age to age to our time, leaving the ColorSs5O at Yuma q stream a bout half a mile wide. aud being at the present lime about twenty feet deep il the deepest portion.
 It is not necessary to remind Californians that the Spanish missionaries and explorers called this river the Colorado because Of the reddish color of its waters. 1t is the Colorado upin the Grand Canyon in Arizona and down past The Needles. But at this time oi the year. after passing the mouth Of the Gila, Instead Of the rcd river it becomes the brown river It actually looks today as if ten pel cent Of its flow was silt and only ninety peI cent water.
The Arizona sentinel., 1909-05-27
RICHES OF SOIL WONDERFUL

But the object Of this story is to call atten- ton once more, and for perhaps the thou sandth time, to the riches of the soil along the Colorado on both sides, incident to the .lcpositidg of this mass of debris during all the past ages. Going through the country on the Arizona side of the river, for several pailes below Yuma, one encounters the same type Of country and soil that is found in the Emperial Valley country around Brawley, Calcxico and other points west Of the river The fertility of the black prairie soils of llli- aois hasa .onished people engaged in agr- culture for nearly one hundred years. The fertility Of the valleys Of the Nile has been a matter of history for at least COCO years. Those who are familinr with Illinois prairie soil, and those who know what the valley of the Nile is for agriculture. know that this lower Colorado River region surpasscs both of them.
 Ifyou ask farmer along this stretch of suuntry if the soil is six feet, his eyes will open with astonish naent ai your ignorance. Sse wilt tell you no one knows whether if is S0 feet, 6oe or 6f19 feet deep. It is practically without bottom. It is so thoroughly we'll yaixec with sand, Gisintegrated granite and other rocks that it never breaks. It is as easily worked as heap Of ashes, and re- Epopds to cultivation in a way that is mar Telos1S.
The Arizona sentinel., 1909-05-27
CUT SEVEN CROPS YEARLY.

Arizona has established an experiment station in the heart Of this big valley, which B some tvcnty-four miles long, and in spots ncn 10 twelve nsies wide, down OH the lower Teves The results are wonderful. Last week they were cutting a crDp Of alf8fbs OR this c1- periroental farm. and for seven consecutive months they VIII cut succeeding crops. Tho only months whom tho cropls not eut bsre arc December and January.
 Cotton and tobacco grow with tho greatest nlxuriancc, and this rich alluvial se9l VII ht zoted in a very few years as the ideal spot fl the whole country for dairying, hos raising the rr0dection of poultry and vegetables wEicf one bcSitatcs to call early or lase- & they wil be perennial. New potatoes will bc preGucet iu the middle of January, tomatoes VIII b ripe by the first of March. ripe grapes will b' gathered in tho early days Of May. and spri cots by the middle of the same month Chic kcny and turkeys flourish there in the Siptc time beyond all experience anywhere else
 The rainfall iS exceedingly light and conc only three or four times in whole winter With an abundance Of green alfalfa and vcget able the dry and not overloaded climat prevailing in tho wiDtCr months, chickens ar free from the disease that make their raising difficult elsewhere There is no spot in South ern Illinois or Missouri so adapted to the pro auction of corn as this valley along the Cobra 60 River. With alfalfa and corn- the butter cheese eggs, poultry and pork to be raised on xwenty- acre farm will amaze those who hay the experience in American agricultural affair
 The winter climate around Yuma is 8 thin 50 intoxicetingly saluorious That no words cs describe it. Those deserts Of America zS VI have rccarlcd them heretofore. seem to tget thc Ills that human EatIlrc elsewhere ES . prone 10 contr3c: and suffer from. The atHaoe phere is as dry as punk, the skies cloltsIe7ssl -iear tie air mild 1s possible, aHt f77eT
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1909-08-27

Captain J. J. Rahm has juss re-
ceived his new power launch Mar
garita" from the Michigan Steel Boat
company. The launch Ii eighteen feet
long. four and half feet beam. with
a sia horsepower engine. canopy top.
and capable Of carrying comfortably
fourteen passengers. Her speed IL
twelve miles per hoar. Besides the
the captain has twelve row.
boats Of different sizes which can be
secured at reasonable rates by apply
lng ut his new boathouse on the Up
per lake. The Ms.garita will be
used Tor the passenger business in the
Upper lake and can be chartered At
rates upon application to
Captain Rahm.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1909-08-27
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION
Not Coal Lasd.

Department Of the Interior. U. 8.
Land once at Lakeview. Oregon.
August l6, 1909.
NOTICE Ii hereby given that John
II. Coiburn Of Olene. Oregon. who. on
December 6. 1907. made Homestead
Application 1910. Serial ,Oi50s. for
SEN Of Nwk. Eh Of Swh. Nwk
Of sen. Section II, Township 80
South. Range 10 East. Willamette
meridian. has iled notice OF inten-
tion to make Final Communication
Proof. to establish claim to the land
above described. before c. r. DeI.ap.
County Clerk. at Klamath Falls. Ore
gon. on the goth day Of October.
1909.
Claimant names - witnesses:
John Slade OF Olene. Oregon.
Herbert Upton OF Olene. Oregon.
Lee Wrightmeyer OF Olene. Ore
gon. ss .-,sF
A. 7. Wilson OF Olene. Oregon.
ARTHUR w. ORION.
S-is $50 Register.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1909-08-27

flIc In this once sworn statemen. and
application, No. O1S37. to purchase
the WI VI SEX. Section 20. Town.
ship 81 South. Range , East. Will
lamette meridian. and the timber
thereon. under the provisions Of the
act Of June .. 1875. snd aets amsad.
atory. known - the Timber asd
Stone Law" at such value - might
be nxsd By appraissnent. aaA thas.
pursuant to such application. the land
and timber thereon have been ap-
praised. June ~. 1903. the timber g.
timated 6+s board feet st e0.7s per
N. and the land SIso.so: that aid
applicant will offer final proof In sup
port Of his application and sworn
statement On the 3lst day o. oesobsr.
1903. before r. ". Rishardsou.
United States Commissioner. at
klamath Falls. Oregon. t.
Any person ID At liberty to protest
this purchase before entry. or initiats
\ contest At any time before patent
issues. by Ming . corroborstsd an.
davit In this once. alleging facts
which would defeat the entry.
ARTHUR w. ORrON.
'S-ls. io-1S Register.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1909-08-27
PACIFIC AND EASTERN RAILWAY
WILL ~ EXTENDED


Extension of the Pacinc Il Eastern
railroad to the timber belt. the fnal
winding np and adjudication Of It's
Indebtedness ss well M the involved
finances OF the defunct Medford 4
Crater Lake railroad was assured
tuesday morning. when John Roberts
Alien Of New York. owner Of the Pa
ellie a. Eastern. paid 10 Receiver J. r.
kcddy Of the Mcdford n Crater Lake
railroad s77.i25 for 100000 worth
of Pacific a Eastern bonds. which
were turned over to Receiver Reddy
Dy Receiver T. G. Dcvlin Of the Ore.
gon Trust q Savings bank In OK.
change for 1si.50O certificates Of dc.
poSit on the dcfunct bank. The Ger.
tihcatcs Of deposit represented the
proceeds of tho sale Of the Mcdford 4
Crater Lake railroad to George Estes
and associates Of Portland. Tho nego.
'intlons were completed by Mr.. Allen.
Receiver Rcddy and his attorney. A.
v. RonmcB, and Attorneys Franklin
Grliiith and $. u. Lithicum Of Port
lahd. who represented Receiver Ucy.
lin. before Judge ~. X. Hanna nj
jacksonville.
Tho Gcrman-American bank. which
had assumed the assets and liabilities
Of the Oregon Trust. and Receiver
Dcvlin agreed before Mr.. Allen prr.
chased the Pacific Il Eastern stock. to
iurrcndc, the old Pacific 4 Eastern
bonds they held and accept In lieu
hereof new bonds. This agreement
hoy rcpudiated ms soon as Mr.. Allen
nndc bis purchase. and then repudi.
i'cd the certificates Of deposit held by |
Receiver Reddy. forcing him to bring
suit to establish their validity and de-
mand an accounting. Since then they
agreed TO surrender the bonds In ex.
change for the certificates Of deposit.
Mr.. Allen made two propositions,
the frst to purchase the certificates
II doposi, at their face value. $751;.
500. paying $4,000 down and the
1alnnoe In quarterly payments ex-
tended throughout the year. The
ictond proposal was to pay cash less
discount Of 8 per cent. which WAS
-,,eptcd.
The transactions concluded today
open tho way for the speedy settle
mont Of the Mcdford 4 Crater Lake
'ailroad receivership and the iiquida-
Ion OF Its Indebtedness aSsoon as the
'ourt passes upon the validity Of the
'laims. They place Mr.. Allen In po-
Iition to deliver his new issue OF
'onds as soon as the local bondhold.
'rs comply with their agreement and
urrender their old bonds for the new.
rhc new bond issue has been placed
nd the money Is available for the
extension.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1909-08-27
snsRlrrs sAlE

Whereas. judgment was rendered
cent per annum from the seth day Of
April. 1909. and Thirteen and Twen-
ty-hvs One-hundredths dollars
(ela.ss) costs and 1lsburssnents oe
and entered on the 3sth day OF April.
1909. u IN action u tie Juslice
Court for the Precinct oe Linkvills.
klamath County. otate AZ Orsgoa.
before A. D. Miller. Justice Of the
Peace for said precinct. between H.
w. Kessss. plainti6. and J. =. eulli-
van. defendant. In favor OF plainti9
and against defendant for the sum Of
Seventy-nvs dollars (e7S) with inter
sst thereon at the rate Of six co. per
cent per annum from the 3sth day Of
April. 1903. and the further cum Of
Thirteen and Twenty-Five 0ns-hun-
dredths dollars (@is.sbl costs and
disbursements; and whereas . tran
script OF said judgment and proceed
inss had before said justice Of the
peace In ssid case has been Alsd In
the o0ce Of the County Clerk OF
klamath County. Oregon. and which
satd judgment was duly doeketsd n
the judgment docket Of the Circuit
Court % The otats Of Oregon Tor tAs
County Of klamath. % the 18th day
Of Nay. iooo. and the sun Of osven-
ty-ovo dollars (o7B). with lntoroot
thsrsoG1&g S1eyo11 eesso4 s(oD ~
said action . nov due thelSoa; a11
~ virtae9se ~ szeeutie8 iCss1 u,
Ae Clerk ~ u Circuit GouH ef thS
TATE oe rspa Tor ~ cGpx(po(
Klamath Atssaid $1,000 1n0S
naadlis ~ % satisfy IA iu1G-
usnt. iatereet an4 essle ~ q ~
psesesal prepssty y ~ ~ ~ oHl1
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1909-08-27
NOTICE E1H PUBLICATION.
iNot Coal l.andAD

u bHpAftmrnt of the Interior. 4. $.
/ Land OfiiCc at i.nkcyicw. Oregon.
August .0th. 1903.
Notice IN hereby given tha, william
PITTS. whose pOs,oif,cc address u
klamath Falls. Oregon. did. on the
10th day oi March. 1903. nic in this
one" sworn statement aud applIca.
lion NS oiIo.. to purchase the VIZ
NV section \. township rs \.
range . y. willamette Meridian. and
ihr timber thereon. under the proN.
nlrrn Of The act of June J. 1875. and
acts amondhiOfy, known a. the Tim.
hcr aai Stone Law" ," at such value nc
might De- fNoi by appralscmcIt. aud
that pursuant 10 such application,
ih" land aud timber thereon have
boon appraised, June iith, 1909, the
timber estimated at $1,000 board
i,'t at $50 per i.oOO. and the land
$500. that said applicant will ofIcr
nnal proof In supper, of his applica.
ton and sworn statement on III. Esd
iay ~ October. 1909. before Il. ".
richardson. 4. s. Commissioner, at
klama,h Falls. Oregon.
Any person IL at liberty to protect
MS purchase before entry. or initiate
n contest AT any time before patent
Issues. by nllng a coroboratcd aal-
iayli In this onicc. alleging facts
which would defeat the entry.
ARTHUR WILSON. Register.
S.?3.lO-.2.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1909-08-27

van. and for want thereof. thsn oct
Of the real property belongisg 70
said J. y. Sullivan. IN said County oe
klamath ana STATE Of Oregon. sn6
not being able. after Ailigtae ssaseh
and Inquiry. to And any personal
property bslosging 70 J. 2. Oullivas
IN said county. out oe which % satis.
~ said judgmcat or any part thereof,
I have levied upon The foilovine q.
scribed real property Of the dssssA.
ant J. z. Sullivan. to-vit: 0BH Of
SEX Of Ssetios -. Nwk Of NwA
Of Section -. EN- Of Mex Of 0ee.
tion -. Township - South, Ranes
- East Of Willamette meridian n
Oregon.
Notice 10 therefore hereby givsn
that BY virtus Of said e1ecutioa
will. on Monday. the 3oth day Of Az.
gust. 1908. at the hour Of 3 O'Clock
In the afternoon OF said day. at Tie
front OF the courthouse door II Klan-
ath Falls. Oregon. sell at public aue.
tion to the highest bidder for cash n
hand. the above Described real psoe-
erty. or % much thereof q nav -
necessary to satisfy said judgment -
favor Of II. w. Ksssss and asninse
J. e. Sullivan. togPthsr With al esses
and disburssmsnn that have o. nav
accrue.
Dated at Klamath Pals. 0ssOon.
this 3oth day Of July, 1893.
W. D. DARNB0.
Sheriff Of klamath Cosssy.
7-so sAs
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1909-08-27
livinp Over cataeembs.

Paris. In many Of Its districts, In
built over the cataconlbs. saya lIar'
per's Weekly. These vast subter.
ranean chambers and galleries produce
that peculiar cavernous sound which
IL heard In the Luxembourg. Montpar.
nasse. vaugirard. Montrougs and
Mon,souris quarters whes heavy carts
pass rapidly along the coaresly
metaled roads The strsets are ttoo
IKE monstrnus druu,s sbeetlng fuuprSl
marches 10 the grave over that vast
common grave Of ten, centuries Of
Parislans With tn millions OF skelston
dead. That quaint little Gothic house
At the corner of the Boulevard Ras'
rail. which many an American artist
must wmemher nom his student daya
actually has a private stalrcsse lead
lng 10 the catnenlnbs from heueath q
hrrneticWlly tloas'd .'ees rl4h just y
trOMl Of lhs dvOrslsp. sisf
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1909-08-27
NOTICE ~ SETTLEMENT OF
FINAL ACCOUNT

NOTICE is hereby given tha, AloS
Martin Jr. administrator Of the ~.
tate of Rodney $, Bowen. deceased,
has filed with the County Court n,
klamath County. Oregon. for settle.
mcnt his nnal accoun, In the admin
istration of the snid estate; and that
Monday. August seth, at ?:oo D. m,
NJ the courthouse In said county aud
State Is the time and place fixed for
Ihc hearing OF any aud all objections
to said final account and the settle
mont thereof and any person inter
rs,ci may appear and iile exceptions
to said account and contcs, to same,
ALEX MARTIN JR..
Administrator OF the Estate Of Rod.
ncy = Bowen. Deceased.
s.? S-2S
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1909-08-27
NOTICE H0R PUBLICATION.
o. o. Land OOce q Lakovlov.
Oregou, April 20. 1905.


NOTICE 70 hereby givea that
DANIEL JOHNSTON. Of klamath
Falls. Oregon. who. on Nov. -.
1908. made Timber and Stone Sworn
Statement No. 0ss7. for M Sk.
Section II. Township - O.. Range
~ T.. VIII. Meridian. hes alsd
notice OF intention to make Final
Proof. to establish claim to the land
sbove described. before County Clerk
Klamath County. at his Once at
Klamath Falls. Oregon. On the 18th
day Of August. 1903. -F I.
Claimant names ~ wttnessso:
Frank n. Upp. OF klamath Falls.
Oregon: Henry 09snbseAer. ee Kla-
math Fails. Oregon: ALVIN J. swift.
Of Klamath Falls. Oregon: John
Anssi. Of klamath Hsils. Oregon:
Lester Kirkpatrick. oe klamath
Falls. Oregon: Joha J. Furbsr. Of
P0ksgama. Oregon.
J. N. WATSON.
sis Rsgistsr.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1909-08-27
THE DIAMOND CUTTER.
His Skill Has Much 10 % With the
or,iiianey Of the Gem.


or'iiianey of the Gem.
When the expert l"oks ut u diamond
he can tell you IN ~ mnn"nt where II
came from aud even whether u was
cut lately ar same years ag,'. lie
kuuws by Its color whence u comes
fpr the color of the brazilian diamond
differs from TINT ~ the South African.
and even In South Africa difcrrut col.
prs are found IN different mines.
In the rough the diamond has little
brllllnncy. for there Is n crust that
must bc cut away before II can prop
erly rrfract the light. aud II II this
power ~ refraction which makes the
brllliancy ~ n diamond anl has ~,
crything To do with It's value In the
market. The skill ~ the dIa atnoiid cut.
ter has much Z" do with brlngin. out
this brilllancy, ilr must d" the nost
he eau with the rough stone before
him aud iosc as little as tsbssible ~
the precious weight m IN" stone.
Diamonds are found In all kinds of
queer shapes. for the carlni nlay he
In any position while being crystailis.
ed. and tho act u capitalization may
affect only parts of that carbon. When
the expert cutter hns u rough diamond
before him he Judges almost Instantly
how II will cG. IL the grsatest nd.
vantage II II lnciines t. the pear
shape he win make pear shaped sia.
mond Of II. II Il be square or round
the cutting will follow the natural lines
as closely as possible. M That the loxs
may be reduced to minimum.
To make the stone m brilliant a.
possible the diamond cutter cuts many
facets 10 as to rcfract the light from
M many points ~ he can. A full cut
brilliant has Ht least forty-eiRht facets.
and M expert are the cutters that they
often cut diamonds sO small that Il NJ.
Iuircs n hundred to weigh a carat.
Each has forty.eiHht facets.--Cleve.
land rlain Dealer.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1909-08-27
NOTICE OF FILING OF PLAT
United States Land Once. l.akeview
Oregoa. August 8. 1903.

United States Land once. l.akeview,
Oreeoa. August 8. 1909.
NOTICE is hereby given that towa-
ship pls,s surveyed under Contract
No. 73s. for Sections Z. IS. ~. so
and 81. Township 81 South. Range I
Bast. Willamette meridian: Sections
Il to Sc. inclusive. Township IS
South. Range % East. Willamette
meridian; Sections I to 50. inclusive.
Township 81 South. Range sS Fast,
Willamette meridian. and supple
mental plat Of segregation survey Of
Sections I. .. ls. 81. % and So.
Township 81 South. Range ~ East.
Willamette meridian. will be AlcS In
this once ON September 18th, 1909
On and after said date all OF said
lapds will be subject to selections.
entry or hling ON. II said lands are
not otherwise reserved or appro-
priated.
ARTHUR w. oRroN.
aas Regiater. .
FRED P. CRoNnAILLnR.
n Receiver.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1909-08-27

A little store with the best In the
grocery lins-eiean. new. fresh. and
prices reasonable. One trial will
convince you that It IL the place 70
trade. i.I0tf
Coeur d'Alene evening press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1907-1929, 1909-12-20
HOG STEALING
CAUSES WAR
DESPERATE BATTLE BETWEEN
WHITE MEN AND NEGROES
THREE DEAD.
Troops We're Called to Guard
Against Outbreak.

GRAND ZANE, La. Dec. 20
Three men are dead and several ser
iously injured, the result OF a des-
perate battle between a party OF
white men and negroes near this city
early today. Troops have been sum
moned to guard against another out
break, as more serious trouble Ii
momently expected.
The trouble started when John Al
len. white farmer. accused Belle
Bower, a negro. of stealing some Of
his hogs. Bower and his brother-in'
Law resented the accusation and
opened Are on the white men. Bow
err and his kinsman were instantly
killed when the Allen party opened
FIRE. Allen was seriously injured and
died an hour later. Other negroes
and whites who we're led into ths
battle kept up the fight for an hour
SIX OF the wounded were negroes.
Coeur d'Alene evening press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1907-1929, 1909-12-20
VAS GEr1Tan hREAKRAsT
ron HER MorHER
And Three Chilarsa Were Burned %
Death.

49,
CHICAGO. Ill.,. Dee. 2o.-Mary.
aged s; Charles. aged =. and James.
aged 2. children OF John Parmona.
we're burned to death in their home
early today while the little girl was
attempting TO cook breakfast for her
parents. Parmona and wife rose ear
ly this morning and went to shed
near theif home to butcher a COW.
Fifteen minutes later the woman saw
smoke pouring from the kitchen and
rushed to the house where she was
horrifed to see the lifeless forms
Of her little ones stetehed on the
door. the two younger ones dead
and lying BY their side vas the 1t
tle girl who, as her mother entered
the room, raised herself and gasped,
Il was getting breakfast FOR man.
ma" She died a few minutes later.