davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1909-04-01

first of the month with an avalanche in
Switzerland which cost 81 lives.
among the lost being several Ameri-
cans. Three days afterward came the
schoolhouse fire at Collingwood, o.
One hundred and seventy-eight chill
dren burned, trampled and crushed TO
death! No adjectives and no words OF
any language could adequately de-
scribe such an appalling event. Vlo-
lent death invested with terrors al
ways strikes humanity with peculiar
fiendishness when it seizes as its prey
helpless and innocent children. This
holocaust OF childhood stunned the
country into oblivion of lesser calam-
tiles, while the despairing shrieks, or
hundreds of mothers and fathers rang
across the world The month closed
with an earthquake in Mexico In
which 500 people were killed and
mine explosion at Havana, Wyo,
which added 20 more items to the long
toll of the years violent deaths.
Fire and earthquake gave place to
flood and storm IN April, and the loss
of life leaped upward with terrific
bounds. The first great disaster of the
month occurred In China, where 1000
people were drowned in a food which
inundated the province of Hu-pih. A
few days later two railway accidents,
one in Australia and the other in
Alberta, accounted for IS more un-
fortunates. On April "a series of
cyclones of unprecedented fury burst
over the southern states, destroying
36S lives, annihilating villages, and
devastating property to the extent of
millions of dollars. Mississippi paid
229 lives to the rage of the storm,
Louisiana contributed 1903, and Ala
bama 81.
While the cyclones were still ravag-
ing the south. in far northern Alberta
snowslide buried 40 persons and
obliterated village. The last week
of April saw last supreme effort put
forth by the malign fates to make the
first of the month of spring the most
deadly of the dread year. Forty lives
were lost in a railroad accident In
Australia and % more in a similar dis
aster in Mexico A landslide at Notre
Dame de ISABELLE Canada, added 36
to the swelling total, and finally the
Japanese cruiser Mutsushim blew up
and 240 members of its crew persisted.
Past Mere Foretaste of Future.
Ii might well have seemed that the
fury of the fates would have been ex-
hausted by this time, but instead hui
mainly had only experienced the first
few blows of the terrible scourging
which was to be visited upon it, In
the first three days of the next month
26 persons We're burned to death in
America. Is in Norway, and the col
lapse of a tenement in London ac-
counted for 20 more. The following
day ferryboat capsized in Russia and
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1909-04-01

even many years, to grow TO maturity.
These simple plants known as bac-
terra, however, under favorable condi-
reproduce themselves in less than an
hour.
The relation of bacteria to tempera-
ture is most interesting and important.
A certain amount of heat is essential
and certain amount is fatal. Each
particular variety of bacteria has an
upper and a lower temperature limit
beyond which 1t does not grow and
a certain temperature, called the op-
timum, at which it grows best
Most forms occurring in milk find
their optimum temperature between 80
and 90 degrees Fahrenheit. Few bac-
terra grow at all above 100 degrees and
at 125 degrees the weaker ones soon
die. An exposure of ten minutes at
$50 to 160 degrees Fahrenheit Is fatal
to nearly all bacteria which do not
form spores. Spores, as previously
mentioned, are destroyed only by pro-
longed boiling, exposure to steam un.
der pressure, or to high degree of
dry heat With dry heat, such as is
obtained in an oven, much higher TEN.
perature and longer exposures are nee
essary to secure the same results. In
the laboratory small TASKS of milk are
sterilized by holding them in a small
steam boiler at temperature of 24S
degrees Fahrenheit for Is minutes
(See Fig. Sd
II the milk Is cooled and held at so
degrees Fahrenheit or, better still, 40
degrees, growth is checked at once and
multiplication is very slow.
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1909-04-01

the earthquake at Lisbon In 1858,
when $4,000 lives had been lost. This
terrible tragedy had been for ever
century and half the object of the
awful dismay of the world 1t be.
comes almost insignificant I'm view of
the calamity which befell in the clos
Ing days of 1908. For every soul that
went out at Lisbon two were quenched
In Sicily and Italy and 5000 more
were added for good measure
Another point OF interest, especially
for those who cherish the venerable
superstition aneut the unluckiness of
the number 10, is the discovery that
there was a disaster on every thir-
teenth day OF the month for the first
seven months of the year, The rec
ord was started on January 10, the
date of the Boyertown theater fire. A
month later there was boiler ex-
plosion in Pennsylvania followed in
March by an avalanche which took Is
lives In Siberia. April 10 saw a flood
in China which cost 1000 lives. and
the same day in May similar disas.
ter was responsible for the loss of
10000 people. while AZ people died in
cyclone in Louisiana. June 10 a
dynamite explosion took nine lives in
Winnipeg. and on July Is AZ lives
were lost On storm off the coast OF
Spain.
Another curiosity is discovered In
connection with the highly-useful ele
vator which has made possible sky
scrapers. While 1t is fairly common
TO hear of accidents in elevators. few
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1909-04-01

II has been assumed by many wri
tiers that milk is formed in the udder
entirely from bacteria. This has fire.
quently been disputed and is still a
matter of some doubt. However, the
best authorities agree that milk is
bacteria free when formed, unless the
udder is so injured or diseased that
there is direct passageway from the
blood vessels to milk ducts. 1t should
be remembered that an injury so
slight that it would escape the most
careful examination might be sufficient
to allow the passage OF bacteria.
Even If the milk is secreted bacteria
free, 1t is very difficult to obtain it
perfectly sterile. Bacteria work their
way into the milk cistern through the
opening in the teat and find there
conditions under which they can grow
and multiply. This growth is ordin.
arily confined to the lower part of the
udder, and the greater number OF the
bacteria are washed out with the first
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1909-04-01

probably of little practical Importance,
but 1t may have some relation to the
comparatively slow development of
macteria in the udder
The real contamination occurs after
the milk has left the udder. In spite
OF careful milking. dirt. PARTICLES of
dust, hairs, even bits of manure from
the tanks or udder of the COW may
fall into the milk All of these things
invariably carry more or less bacterial
contamination. Manure usually con.
talns large numbers of bacteria, many
OF them being kinds which produce
very undesirable changes in milk; and
the dry dust of the stable floor con
tains great numbers and varieties Of
bacteria. This dust soon settles. and
an open milk pail catches surpris-
ingly large amount,
But the contamination does not end
here. The pals or the cans may not
be properly cleaned, and the corners or
seams may hold small particles Of
dirt or sour milk. These impurities
are full of bacteria. which quickly find
their way into the milk. The cloth
through which the milk is strained
may not have been properly scalded.
and the bacteria are not only not all
destroyed, but have actually multiplied
in the damp cloth. When the strainer
Is used again many of these bacteria
are washed out by the milk
If cooler is used IL may add to the
contamination If 1t is placed so that
it catches the dust Finally, the bot
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1909-04-01

few streams of milk. Sometimes. how
ever. the growth may extend into the
smaller milk ducts, and the last part
OF the milk will contain nearly m
many bacteria as the first.
Inflammation of the udder or fermen.
tation of the milk in the udder rarely
occurs, because there is only very
small amour, of milk held In the Nd
der, and most OF the bacteria found
there have little or no effect on miIh.
1t is also true that fresh milk, like tho
blood. contains some substance which
has an inhibiting influence on bacteria.
This influence Is so slight that u is
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1909-04-01
Few Fatalities in August.


August was the most merciful
month in the year. In the United
States the death roll was ITO, prin.
cipally caused by floods in North and
South Carolina and Georgia. The
biggest disaster abroad was a cyclone
was closely followed by a mine ex-
plosion in England with 70 fatalities.
The total deathroll for the remaining
disasters was 81. the largest single
item being 80 lives lost In forest fires
in British Columbia
The United States was still forum
ate through September with total
of fatalities merely an olnting 10 80,
but abroad the ominous figures com
menced to mount with rush again.
Five thousand lives were lost in a
flood in India and l40 through ferry
disaster at Symrna.
October was the month of the great
forest fires which devastated Michi-
gan, destroying so lives and $4,000
600 worth of property. A typhoon in
the Philippines added its quota of 800
souls, and second typhoon off China
claimed 5000 victims.
Both al home and abroad November
proved a comparatively innocuous
month. although II was marked by two
comparatively large disasters. Three
hundred and thirty lives were lost
in a mine explosion in Germany. and
12S deaths resulted from the burning
of the steamer Sardinia at Malta.
December and Yuletide came and
exhausted humanity saw the black
year drawing 10 a close in apparent
calm. They were looking forward to
the new year in eager hope that the
evil days were over. when the great
est blow OF all fell
On December 2S, 1908, occurred the
great Italian earthquake, the most
stupendous disaster of the worlds his
tory Even yet it is impossible to
make an accurate estimate OF what its
cost was either in loss of human life
or property, 1t is known that 1876 ,00C
people persisted. but in actual fact
it is probable that figure is far below
the real number of victims. In mate
rial loss it is impossible TO name any
figure,
Far Surpassed Lisbon Disaster.
Up 10 the time of the Italian earth
quake the record disaster had been
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1909-04-01

people realize what a heavy toll IT
takes on life. In the United States in
1908 los people were killed and 81
injured in elevator accidents.
significant feature of the list is
the exceptionally high number of fatal
tiles which resulted from the acct
dental discharge of high explosives.
In spite of the elaborate precautions
which are generally observed in the
handling of such material as dyna-
mite death marshaled a large army
OF victims from premature explosions.
Altogether 499 lives were lost through
this class of disaster.
Dangers Surround Earth's Delivers.
An examination of the figures brings
home forcibly the terribly dangerous
conditions under which work the men
who go down into the earth to delve
for wealth. From every country in
the world which owns mines was con-
tributed the tale of a grewsome un-
derground tragedy. In all 2,270 min
ers were sacrificed, and the universal
distribution of the disasters would
seem to indicate that no precautions
can be taken which will guarantee
safety with any certainty to the sub
terranean workers.
In considering the statistics given
here 1t must not be forgotten that
they do not include many thousands
of violent deaths which would run the
total far above its present tremend-
Gus total of over a quarter of a mil
lion. No account is taken in these
figures of single fatalities, such as
persons killed by street cars and in
other thoroughfare accidents and the
long list of individual deaths for
which the railroads are annually re-
sponsible. Also the criminal statistics
are not included, and it Is only too
true that the number of persons who
meet their death from assassination
every year is a large one. Suicides
also are not included, nor the big
number who lose their lives through
individual drowning accidents, care
less handling of firearms, and the
numberless other stray hazards which
surround life.
If all these figures could be collected
and added 1t is not an exaggeration
to say that 1t would be found that at
least 100000 persons came to violent
end during the fatal months of 1908
That is TO say that the year saw the
violent destruction of population OF
city almost as large as Pittsburg. AS
matter of fact the true figures would
probably be much in excess of that
number.
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1909-04-01

Gus calling of so miners. Within two
weeks similar accidents in England
and Spain had called 90 more men to
their account, while a dynamite acct
dent in California was paid for with
80 lives.
AS If each month was endeavoring
to Guido in horror its predecessors,
March opened with record of terrible
disasters, among which is numbered
the most heartrending American trag-
edy since the Iroquois fire, The
carnival of destruction opened on the
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1909-04-01
Fig. 4.-Bacteria with Hair-Like Ap.
pendages Which Enable Them 10
Swim About in Water or Milk.

ties in which the milk is distributed
may not have been properly washed
and steamed, and thus may become an
other source of contamination.
The contamination from each indi-
vidual source may be small, but taken
all together 1t has a serious influence
on the quality of the milk. II ex-
traordinary precautions are taken 20
prevent contamination, the number Of
bacteria in the fresh milk may be kept
down to few hundred per cubic cen.
timeter; with careful milking II may
easily be kept within. few thousand;
with careless milking and handling the
number will vary greatly with circum-
stances and may exceed 100 900.
The bacteria in milk from COWS
kept in stables may be different from
the bacteria from cows on pasture.
Bacteria which occur rarely in milk
during the winter months may become
numerous in the summer, and specific
lamentations which are almost IN
known in the summer may appear in
the autumn or winter.
1t should not be assumed that all
bacteria are harmful either to milk or
to the human system. In fact, MANY
kinds of bacteria will grow in milk for
a long time without changing its taste
or appearance, while many OF the fer.
mentatlons which make milk undesir.
able for direct consumption are used
in making butter and various kinds OF
cheese. Very few of the bacteria
cause disease or produce poisonous by.
products.
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1909-04-01

by typhoon and the total OF her dead
was Increased 1000. The following
day another thousand lives were sacri-
feed in a mine fire at Kewang, China.
June apparently despaired of ever
competing successfully with her sister
month. However, she continued to
pile tragedy on tragedy. On the first
of the month an accident ON the Amur
river in China resulted in SO deaths.
flood in Mexico On the fourth a
typhoon on the west coast of Australia
wiped out 270 lives. and two days aft
erward another cyclone burst In Ne
braska at cost of 2S lives, TO be fol-
lowed the next day with another cy-
clone In Iowa which increased the list
by five On the same day 20 persons
were lost in food in Mexico and is
in an explosion in Vienna. The month
of roses concluded its list with a tor
nado. which struck the Portuguese
coast and slew 400 while Oklahoma
contributed 100 more of her citizens
to another storm.
AS far as America was concerned
July was the most merciful month of
the year. Fifty,two lives was the en-
tire tribute collected in the United
States through the agencies of flood,
fire and storm. This leniency was
more than compensated, however, by
the list OF fatalities abroad. On the
second of the month Batavia, Java,
was ravaged by a storm which de-
stroyed 900 lives. On the same day a
mine explosion in Russia was resnon.
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1909-04-01

121 passengers were drowned, A
week later another terrific cyclone
burst over the doomed southern
states and took toll of AZ lives in
Louisiana, I in cast Nebraska, and IA
in Oklahoma.
The sequel to this prelude came on
the 18TH when 10000 lives went out
in another Chinese flood at Hankow,
Beside this appalling tragedy a rail-
road accident in Belgium with 60 fatal
tiles seemed trivial. AS grand
finale the Inflated Hankow was struck
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1909-04-01

ANH lNETEEN HUNDRED AND
wi EIGHT--the most terrible
hN year of disaster in the his
~SACtN tory of the modern world.
,~N That is the black record
w. which Time has entered in
his books for the year
which has just closed. A quarter of
million people destroyed in awful
catacylsms. billions of dollars worth
of property wiped out of existence, a
sum of pain and human anguish which
can never be expressed in words or
figures-such is the balance which
must be carried to the debit side of
the worlds account books.
The mention of the word catastro-
phe will of course bring the thoughts
of every one back TO the great Italian
earthquake. the greatest single dis
aster in the worlds history, tragedy
which cost 125,000 lives and wiped out
OF existence great and historic cities.
In the shadow of that terrible holo-
caust the world has failed to realize
that 1t was merely the climax of a
long series of horrors which followed
oAS vi Vic hVCis vi TIC otllSl llOIb
the first day of January, 1908, to the
first day of January, 1909.
The chimes of the rejoicing bells
that rang In the new year of 1908 had
not died away when the grim fiend of
destruction commenced it's work in
mine at Carthage, N. M. Twelve
miners were blown out of human rec
tnpnitinn and ha
opened.
The first big blow fell IL days later
when 800 people were incinerated in
a restaurant fire at Canton, China. II
was followed the next day by trag-
edy in America which shook the coun-
try to the core and sent thousands
into mourning. The opera house at
Boyertown, Pa, was burned down dur
ing an amateur performance, and 172
charred and mangled bodies were sub
sequently taken from the ruins.
The first month of the ominous
year waned to a close amid a series of
minor disasters at home and abroad
which were overshadowed by the hor-
rors which preceded them and the
yet greater horrors which were to
come. The first of February ushered
in the first cyclone, which devastated
Mississippi, leaving 20 dead bodies
and hundreds of ruined homesteads in
its wake Two days later news was
flashed across the wires that mine
explosion in Japan had destroyed 81
miners and that p lives had been
lost in snowstorm in Algeria
Devastated by Cyclone.
Scarcely a week had elapsed before
the cyclone fiend made its second ap-
pearance. sweeping through Mime
sofa and Texas, claiming 13 lives. On
the same day mine explosion in
Natal put an abrupt end to the hazard
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1909-04-01

The Individual Hen.-Bear in mind
that there is more In the individual
hen than in the breed This has been
proven By the trap-nest Beginners
frequently blame the breed for failure
when the fault is really with them
selves or the individual hens. Be
cause eggs are 40 cents dozen and
hens are not laying is no reason why
the breed of hens should be changed
Perhaps the hens are non-productive
or they have not been properly fed OF
cared for.
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1909-04-01
Influence OF Tenn
perature on Bac.
terra Ordinarily
Found in Milk,

What the bacteria lack In size is
made up in their great numbers and
powers OF reproduction. A cubic cent?
meter of milk. which contains about %
drops, frequently contains thousands,
sometimes millions, even hundreds of
millions, of bacteria. A single drop
of sour milk may contain 40,000,00
bacteria.
Bacteria reproduce themselves by a
very simple process, known as fission.
The cell becomes elongated and par
tition wall is formed across the mid
die. The two cells thus formed sepa.
rate, and we have two bacteria. Higher
plants may take weeks and months. or
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1909-04-01

mensions. It Is
only when we con.
slider them in the
a ggre ate that
they reach units
of measure with
which we are IA
millar. II is esti-
mated that II 25.-
900 average'sized
rod-shaped bacteria
were placed end to
end their combined
length would equal
an inch. The weight
of an average
bacillus is so small
that II has been
estimated IL would
take over 600,000,-
900, 900 of them to
equal one gram,
or 16.S00,0 900, 000.-
900 TO weigh one
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1909-04-01
THE PRESENCE OF
BACTERIA i'm MILK
Facts Regarding Their Development 20
Become m

Bacteria are so small that 1t is diff
ficult TO form conception OF their di
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1909-04-01

sible for 235 fatalities. On the 18th
81 lives were lost in a storm off the
coast of Spain, and on the 18th food
in Asia Minor swept away 1000 PEG
p1p
The Spanish Fork press. [volume] (Spanish Fork, Utah) 1902-current, 1909-04-01
Devastated by Cyclone.

Scarcely week had elapsed before
the cyclone fiend made its second ap-
pearance. sweeping through Mime
sofa and Texas, claiming 13 lives On
the same day a mine explosion in
Natal put an abrupt end to the hazard
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1909-12-18
CHRISTMAS HOLIDAY

Illinois Central Ry. will sell round
trip tickets to stations in Kentucky,
Ind, H.. Miss, La, N. Car, S. Car,
Tenn, Va, Ga, Fal. and Ala at re-
duced rates for the round trip.
Dates Of sale. Dec. II, IS, 81, %,
%. "a, 25, 81, 1909, January 1, 1910.
Final limit, tickets good to leave
destination returning not later than
midnight of January 9Th, 1919.
For further information in re-
gard to rates, routes, etc. call on
or write Agent Illinois Central Ry.
Hopkinsville, Ky, I. L. Morrow,
Agent.
Hopkinsville Kentuckian. [volume] (Hopkinsville, Ky.) 1889-1918, 1909-12-18
4 Ten Years, Penanee.

1t is happily seldom that the revenge
of disappointed husband takes quite
such an extreme form as in the case
Of tie man whose will ran thus: when
TenenIDe, tnat. the on.y happy times
ever enjoyed were when my wife
sulked with me. and when remem-
Der that my married life might. for
this reason. be considered to have been
fairly happy one because she was
nearly always sulking. am constrain-
ed to forget the repulsion the contem-
plation Of her face inspired me with
and ieave ner 'rne sum OF 100000 on
condition that she undertakes to pass
two hours IA day, at my graveside for
the ten years FOLLOWING my doccase. &,
company with her sister. whom | have
reason TO know she loathes worse than
she does myself. London Tit-Bits.