davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1909-08-08
Chicago News Letter

Chicago. Aug. About 5000, 900. 900
of insurance and about 100000 mem
hers viii this year be represented at
the twenty third annual meeting Of the
National Fraternal congress in Boston,
beginning August 10. This does not
include all of the fraternal beneficiary
associations which have outstanding
insurance aggregating nearly $1,000
900, quo for there has come split
among these associations like that
years ago among national building and
loan concerns. The split Is the result
Of the congress adopting new NOR
tally table that destroyed the princi-
pal charge Of the old line companies
that fraternal orders did not charge
rates adequate to protect their con-
tracts. some fraternafs which have
issued benefit certificates al too low
a rate ami had been compelled 10 quit
have been pointed To by old line con-
Germs aa examples,
The split between the orders which
have declared for rates adequate tn re-
deem their outstanding certificates and
the seeding ones is expected to be ir-
renarabiy widened or healed at the
convention this year. accordingly as
the societies persisting in giving cheap
rates subscribe IL the reform or not
For the fraternal congress has begun
a determined effort to secure state
ID EiSlatinn which will protect the pub
lie from the orders Wetcl refuse to
heed or act on the warnings of the
insurance departments that they cam
not pay out to widows and orphans
g. the death benefits contracted for if the
premiums or assessments do not pro-
vide the money with which to do it.
one order with nearly Il million MEM
hers and billion and Il half of out
standing benefit certificates was forced
To retire from the congress because of
the advanced stand taken by the con-
gress for legislation and rate read
justment.
The situation differs from that of the
building and loan associations before
state supervision in Illinois and other
states exposed the rottenness Of many
and precipitated a crash because the
fraternaI congress has declared openly
that the advancing age Of members nj
cheap rate societies compels radi-
cal change of rates to make them meet
their obligations President A. l..
Hereford last year in his annual mes
sage declared: On December 81. 1906,
there We're $50 fraternal beneficiary SO
aieties in the United States and II in
Canada. which number is rapidly in
creasing. These societies range from
the highest degree of responsibility to
the worst kind of fakes. They had
nearly s.06h. oa0 certificates in force.
with indemnity amounting to almost
81. 0ah, 900. 600. and their receipts in that
year amounted tn more than slS.6oa.-
oga This vast army ut S00a.eaa trust
Ing. conftding members is marching To
old age and In certain maturity. The
societies that are operating on made
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1909-08-08

United States navy in the first decads
Of the twentieth century is not only Il
seaman. qualified by regular appren-
ticeship in the navy. but IL also an ex-
pert mechanic, an electrician. stu
dent Of the principles ef steam engi-
neering and man of thorough practi-
cal and theoretical knaeTledge of high
explosives. Since 1Ss3 the United States
govern ment has maintained schools for
its gunners. where the men not only
acquire all the knowledge that may
be learned from books, but also get
practical object lessons in the ordnance
factories where our heavy weapons are
manufactured. This course, which IL
very comprehensive. consumes II
weeks
The classes in gunnery are open to
any young men who have served their
time in the navy as apprentices ana
received the rating as seamen. pro-
yided. Of course. they have good rec
ords tn their credit During their per-
Tod of probation ere they attain to the
dignity Of gunners on shipboard, the
young men perform all sorts of tasks
a miniature gun. a tedious task which
they must discharge unaided ut any
step from the time the metal is pro-
cured from the foundry until the deli
cate breerh mechanism is attached To
the completed weapon. Blue prints are
studied. guns are taken apart and reas-
semblea. and in the end each specialist
who Is qualifying To be dead shot
is able To reproduce any position of q
gun that may lee broken. a knack that
is likely to prove useful many times
on shipboard.
When young gunner who has grad
uated from one af Uncle Sans schools
takes up his studies on man-of-wai
he can do almost anything with a bis
gun except shoot IT, Just at first hs
Is not allowed To attempt this indis'
crIminateiy. for ammunition costing
$500 per round cannot be used reckless
ly. The preliminary steps in the max
ing Of an expert gunner are. therefore
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1909-08-08
POISONOUS PLANTS
DANGEROUS
FOREST SERVICE INVESTIGATES
THE SUBJECT OF HARMFUL
WEEDS AND GRASSES.

The poisonous plant Investigations on
the various national forests are being
continued during the present season.
For several years the forest service. in
cooperation with the bureau of pIanS
Industry. has been making poisonous
plant Investigations on the national
value to staekmen. While the number
of such Investigations is Of necessity
limited. every effort is made tn give
prompt attention to localities where
great or unusual losses Of stock have
occurred.
The annual loss from poisonous
plants in many localities is quite
heavy. aud some ranges are becoming
practically useless on account of these
plants, or if used the losses by dearf
are 50 heavy as to materially cut into
the profits Of the business
While no general plan of Kidding the
range nj these plants has yet been de-
slsed. il has been possible by close
the particular species of plant respon-
sihle for the trouble Many times an
exhaustive study of the plant has
proved that IL occurs only ON small
areas. which could easily he avoided
Other poisonous plants like the I.u-
pines or Wild pea have been found Ia
be almost harmless al certain times Of
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1909-08-08

taken by means of what is known as
sIhcalther practice. For this a small
gun t. placed beside or within a big
rifle and practice starts with firing at
a small target placed at a reduced
stage, when gunner becomes suffi-
GENTLY adept ta manipulate a l3-inch
gun. inciosing n one FOUNDER weapon.
SD az to hit slx-foot target at 100
yards with the small projsctile, IL Is
figured that he can he trusted To hit
fuil-siZed ship mile distant ii the
small gun be removed and he be al
lowed to fire the full charge in the big
peacemaker. with the handling OF
which he has become familiar. Then
he takes his place among the full
Pledged gunners at target practice and
tries his skill at sending steel missiles
through targets in the form of rectan-
gular sheets of white canvas lIx21 feet
in size. supported on boats located
some $500 to 1000 yards from the bat
tleships.
II Is estimated that Uncle Sam Is
not spending less than $1,000. 900 this
year to stimulate good craftsmanship
in the navy. and a considerable slice
of this will be burned up during the
next few weeks off the Virginia and
North Carolina shore. However. by no
means does all of this money go for
food for the big barkers. liberal
share of it goes rightfully enough to
the men behind the guns. A first-ciass
gun pointer for one of the large size
naval guns Is allowed $40 per month
in addition tn his regular pay, and
other gunners receive proportionate
extras, whereas all of these men have
a chance at the valuable prizes for
craftsmanship offered by Uncle Sam
and by the officers Of the various war
vessels. Incidentally there is recogni-
ton fol the operators of the range
finders" upon which much depends in
target practice. and for the bluejack-
cts who display accuracy and celebrity
in the delivery OF ammunition TO the
guns in acknowledges who deserve
their share of the glory for the
triumphs of target practice.
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1909-08-08

it was IL cents on the dollar as COM
pared with 12a cents for 1906. and in
respect To protection in force the gross
expense last year was sl.39 as com
pared with sl32 for 1906
Zeno NJ. Host. when commissioner of
insurance in Wisconsin. was an ardent
champion of fraternal insurance. about
which he said:
'Fraternal societies by their method
of economy of management can grant
insurance at less cost than does the old
line company. Fraternal insurance
properly conducted more nearly cover.
all the needs Of the people
President Taft. in communication.
said: Il realize the power which these
fraternat associations exercise for the
good of the members and their pro-
lection in sickness and the protection
at their death Of those depending upon
them, | sincerely hope that the eff
forts of all may be exercised in per-
fecting and perpetuating a system by
which the two commendahle purposes
of all such societies may lie fully
achieved
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1909-08-08

control systems that have been in
stalled on our moderniZed fighting
craft and will also demonstrate the
value of the new policy Of permanently
clearing the decks Of everything not
likely to prove of use under war con-
ditionS.
Many persons who. laying aside all
patriotic prejudces. are conScientiouSly
convinced that the American bite
jackets are actually the best marks
men in the world are awaiting with
keen me rest the outcome of the Au-
gust and September target work In the
South Atlantic. The scores which have
been made public from time to time
during the past half decade have
seemed to justify the belief that the
American naval tars lead the world
both in rapidity and accuracy of fire,
but within the past few months there
have come some disquieting rumors of
some remarkable scores made in for
eign navies. particularly the British.
Consequently there is a considerable
portion of the public that keenly
awaits the latest tangible evidence on
the subject,
Whatever superiority our naval
marksmen do show will doubtless he
due in great measure to the policy of
affording them plenty of practice. 1t
Ii the conviction of the officers of our
navy that the way tn learn To do Il
thing is by doing 1t. and especially do
they adhere to this prescription in the
case Of gunnery. Then. too our navy
now has the best of talent behind the
guns. Time was. not very many years
ago, either. when the major portion of
the enlisted men of the navy were for
eign- born-professional sailors at
tracted To the Yankee service by the
high pay. Now more than IS per cen,
of the population in our warship com
munities II made un of native born
Americans, and the influence Of their
patriotism, intelligence and enthusiasm
Is nowhere more manifest than in the
work with naval ordnance.
The man behind the gun in tho
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1909-08-08
I1e1s1 5adLaa IHeGU0S

tice in rough water is to be inaugu-
rated
The men behind the guns in the
United States army have had plenty
of practice in hitting moving targets
canvas structures lowed past the bat
tieships by tugs or other vesseis-and
they are accustomed to working uncon-
cernediy on swaying platforms that
rise and fall with every roll of the ship
but they have had little practice in
training and firing the big shooting
irons when their own craft and the
object aimed at are both pitching and
tossing in tempestuous sea. IL will
he new experience and valuable one
for both officers and men. The battle
ship fleet will rendezvous for this tar
get practice at Hampton Roads within
sight of the spot where the Monitor
and the Merrimac had their historic
duel, and will then pass out to sea
portion of the target practice will
unquestionably take place on the
southern drill ground. but the fleet
will move off the Virginia and North
Carolina capes as weather conditions
suggest in search of rough water
According to the prearranged pro-
gram all the battleships will drop an.
Choir in Hampton Roads on Monday.
August ., or soon after. A week or
more will be devoted Ia coaling ships
"a job not relshed by either tn.
jackies or the wearers of gold braid
ana then after a short season of roll
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1909-08-08

ing practice under way or at anchor
hooks" and steam away To the marine
rifle range. The middle of the month
is expected tn see all of the warriors
on hand for target practice, which. as
has been explained. will continue for
several weeks. Thus the navy will
be putting its prize marksmen through
their PAGES at the same time that the
regular army and national guard of
the several states are conducting their
great annual craftsmanship tourna-
ment at Camp Perry, Ohio.
Additional interest is given to the
forthcoming naval target practice by
the reason of the fact that it will be
the first gunnery since the remodeling
Of the hattleships--a costly reconstruc-
ton which was undertaken expressly
to improve conditions when the craft
should be engaged in battle. Thus this
target practice becomes in substance
test not only of Workmanship, but
of various innovations which have been
introduced, For instance. il will in
some degrees prove the efficiency OF
those new skeleton masts, those UNI
slightly steel structures that resemble
IL peach basket inverted, but which, il
is claimed. have such staying powers
that three-fourth of the mast can be
shot away without imperiling the
nerves of the battleship in the mill
tary tops" The target practice will
afford a splendid test of the new fire
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1909-08-08

the year. and at such times may he
eaten by all kinds of stock with little
danger.
An instance Of the benefit of these
Investigations is found on the Manti
national forest in Utah. Considerable
loss by death was sustained each year
among sheep being taken over an old
established trail to summer ranges
Upon investigation by an expert it was
learned that the immediate cause of
death was a snecies of chokecherry
upon which the hungry sheep browsed
as they passed over the trail Having
determined the specie of plant respon-
sible for the losses. the remedy was
simple but effectual. Certain portions
of the old trail were abandoned and
along other portions the chokecherry
bushes were cut out. The method of
handling the sheep was also changed.
Instead of large bands which could he
moved but slowly. smaller bands were
trailed. and SO far as possible they
were allowed to fill up on healthy for
age before entering the dangerous
area. The trail was also improved
wherever practicable. and by this
ihfaHS II Was fehrs4uAa ID get the sheep
through in much better shape and
with little or no loss.
Areas where poisonous plants are
particularly plentiful are Tagged by
forest rangers 50 that the herders may
have warning of their condition. and
where the area involved is not too
great in extent. fences are built
around them SO that stock like horses
and cattle could not reach them. 1t is
believed that some nf these poisonous
plants can he chnked out h. planting
certain aggressive grasses. which in
time will take fun possession of the
ranges Other plants like the wild
rarsnip which is SO fatal Ia cattle.
grow tn such height as to be easily
seen. and are not So numerous but
that they can be completely eradicate :
from a range by pulling them up by
the roots.
Cooperation between the ranger
force and the Interested stackmen
promises to work wonders along this
line. and every effort will be made tn
assist the stock owners ia protecting
their stock from death by these plants.
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1909-08-08

While the evolutions of this record
breaking fleet of Is or Il hattleships
and attendant smaller craft are ex-
p.cted to establish new mark in
teamwork on the high seas it is the
target practice which is the overshad-
owing headliner of this naval program.
There are II number of circumstances
which bestow unusual Importance upon
this repperng of the bullSeyes. For
one thing it is not only the first target
practice of the reorganized battleship
fleet which now ecrolis all of our lat
est and best sea warriors, but ii is the
first target practice of the historic
fleet in nearly year. 1t may be re-
membered that after the floating for
treSses returned from the historic
round the world jaunt they imme-
diately scattered the various navy
yards for repairs that required several
months. Thus the regular spring tar
get practice had to he omitted Now
the gun play that is to continue for
several weeks will constitute merging
or combination of the spring and au-
tumn record target practice.
Finally, as contributing interest to
this coming canonade on the oceanic
shooting gallery il the fact that a
brand new stunt is to be tried with the
big Understanding less than target
practice in rough water in the open
sea. This is not only a genuine nov
city insofar as the United States navy
is concerned. but it is in effect an alb
solute innovation among the navies of
the world. Nevertheless moments
thought will demonstrate its value.
To be sure, most of the great naval
battles have been fought in harbors
or other sheltered localities. or at least
under placid weather conditions, but
there is no surety that the next time
Uncle Sam is called upon tn fight his
fleet may not come upon the enemy
in the open ocean with a heavy sea
running. Now ii is an axiom with the
boys in blue that victory Is likely to
come To the side that gets in the first
effective blows. and ii is in prepared
ness to do it first" that target prac-
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1909-08-08
GgZLzzS @e
AzxzZNZZ.l2z AE04<0

+ carefully arranged program.
i that has been in preparation for
months past, is carried out as per
schedule this month will see the most
significant target practice in the his
tory of Uncle Sans navy. Combined
with this crucial test Of craftsmanship
Of the best men behind the guns will
be Il series OF battle drills and naval
mancuvers that will give the officers
and bluejackets of Americas great
battleship fleet a chance to prove their
mettle under conditions more nearly
appruXimating actual warfare than
anything that has heretofore been con-
ceived. In it's way this momentous
war game will be quite as important
and as beneficial to the participants
as the famous round-the- world cruise
from which this self same fleet-now
reorganized and improved - returned
about six months ago.
Withal. this summer tryout of our
heaviest lighting ships Is going to be
spectacular in the highest degree.
However. there will be few. if any.
spectators at the big show. primarily
because ii will be held so far from
shore as to discourage onlookers. There
are several reasons for the selection of
n little frequented section of the Attain
tic ocean for this big burning of pow
der. For one thing. the naval officers
prefer tn carry on their practice at the
targets in "a locality where there are
comparatively few Interruptions from
passing shipping. and equally potent as
n factor in favor of an isolated oceanic
target range is the privacy afforded.
The navy department is not anxious
for spectators of any kind on such ian
occasion. and there are contain classes
of observers whose presence might be
decidedly objectionable. There Is no
doubt that the military and naval rep
resentatives of foreign powers now
stationed in this country to make notes
for their respective governments
would give a good deal to be permitted
to view the forthcoming dress re-
hearsal in the South Atlantic.
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1909-08-08
Diarrheea Cured.

My father has for years been
troubled with diarrhoea. and tried eT-
cry means possible IN effect cure,
without avail" writes John FL. Zlrkle al
Phllippi. w Va. He saw Chamber
tafnas Collie. Cholera and niarrhoea
Remedy advertised in the Philippi Re
publican and decided Ia try il. The
result il one bottle cured him ana he
has not suffered with the disease for
Is months Before taking this remedy
he Vas a constant sufferer He IL
now sound and well, and although 60
years old. can do as much work as a
young man" Sold hy all druggists
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1909-08-08
.,.s3.31s.s7I.3i5 So. SIC. 4aa, So

Under the stimulus given the safe
and sound fraternals by the adequate
rate decision the gains i'm insurance,
amounting during the last year to over
quarter billion dollars. il likely To
give the old line companies a merry
chase. Their advantage il in eo-op-
Grafton and low cost of management
The reports To the congress last year
include this summary: The combined
expenses for management during the
year We're sS.3i5,3as.ia The expense per
capita for management was slsS. as
compared with sl.sa for 1890 and si.sl
for 1906, while based on benefits paid
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1909-08-08

quate rates of assessment cannot pos
sihly meet their obligations, ii they
continue upon their present basis, and
as consequence the time is not far
distant when these societies must go
out of existence and their members be
deprived of promised protection. and
the fraternal beneficiary system con-
demned as the building and loan as
sociations We're "A few years ago. unless
some action is taken by the legislative
bodies of this country requiring all of
the societies to operate on Il solvent
basis. The National Fraternal con-
gress has pronounced i'm favor of ade4
auate rates. and the societies connected.
with its stand for honesty, for solyency
and for the fulfilIment of promises
made"
Aetuaries and executives have shown
keen interest if not anxiety over the
altered status Of the fraternal insur-
ance movement since the congress took
its firm stand for adequate rates.
Prior tn that time the direct pradic-
ttons concerning fraternal and assess
ment insurance were freely made. but
the record shows that of all insurance
written during 1907 that of the old line
companies was but - per cent more
than half of the insurance in force
January /. 1905, that of fraterna1s was
Ss.5 per cent of the whole. The totals
OF insurance i'm force at the last COM
pilatinn-for 1so5-were as follows:
Written i'm In force Dec
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1909-08-08

An Italian engineer has completed
small hydroptane capable of skimming
the surface of the water at rate of
- miles ar hour,
New-York tribune., 1909-11-14
TRE sTzrEs HIGHT4Ys.

When the effects os rhe neu highway
eide, certain provisions cf which went
into eject On November !. have become
apparent il IS probable that The road
situation il this state VIII show marked
Improvement There ere several feat
uEes Cf rhe new law which stand fer
bettermsnt of conditions. townships are
invested with more responsibility. each
having rs C0-n superintendent, subject
q lie contro! a. TIE town board. the
beard in csru being compelled 70 meet
fcr highway purposes On petition OF
fHenty-lE taxpayers. Authority gees M
ron TIE town board L the county su-
per.ntendcnt and then 70 the state COM
miesionsrs. who have q broad contrel -
every road in the state outside u The
cities. Under the new system al the
expense q the state roads is borne by
The state, ~ county roads Is the state.
county ana town, jointly, aud or the
town roads bv the town with lie aid of
the State. Because Of this share Of
state ria running through the entire sys-
ten, tie state authorities have tie fnal
word GA tie construction and ualnten-
aRce = every highway under their juris-
S.ciiou
but q is not alone TIE ofhciais who
nre interested Ia the operation of che
hcw law. Much of the responsibility for
ise condition aud atfraetiveness of the
Highways ls p!aoed o. the abUtting nron-
priy owners. ho are required 10 remove
80 oisirucfions within the boundaries OF
fhf highway IA front 0f their land
which Lave been placed there with their
oonsent. They VIII receive bounty %:
81 year for maintaining PUZZLE
watering trough aud ~ for each thgas
irees i.'fs may SCI out along the high
way liae. ai.d hYe iaxlayers Ia a town
slis may ccmpei the erection of guide