davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29
TOO MUCH WATER DISASTROUS
While Irrigation Is Good Thing, !,
Must Be Properly Handled to
Get Best Results.

While irrigation is very good
thing too much water is very disas-
trous. We know one instance in which
an orchard of several acres was
planted. Soon after the water had
been applied above it seeped out on
the slopes of the bench and rendered
the upper part Of the orchard impass-
able for man or beast. In few days
the first three rows of trees next to
the bench were practically all dying
or dead, except on small knoll Of
rising ground which was high enough
to escape, and the injury was extend
Ing to the next few rows adjoining. A
deep trench was dug so as to inter-
cept and drain the seepage water with
the result that the land below the
ditch was hard and firm while that
above was impossible as before. The
trees below this ditch rapidly recov-
cred their vigor and it appeared that
the orchard was saved. A cave-in oc-
CURED, however, in this ditch near
one end, damming up the water for a
small distance, when it Immediately
appeared on the surface in the or
chard below the ditch and within
three or four days the adjacent trees
were brown and scorched as il they
had been swept by fire. The ditch
was cleaned and repaired and the wa
ter soon subsidized from around these
trees and all but one of them recoy.
cred and put forth a new crop Of
leaves, the one next to the break be-
ing the only tree that died.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29
DRY FARMING EAST AND WEST
Well Tried System Of Agriculture and
Can Be Relied Upon Where
Rainfall Is Scanty.

Dry farming may be relied upon
where rainfall is scanty. 1t is we'll
tried system of agriculture, and is
based on scientific principles and the
practice Of ages Mr.. Campbell has
| systematfzed some very old practices
| and has preached them to the despair.
Ing farmers of the semi-arid west, un-
TIL, aided by several seasons of exces.
sive rainfall, those regions have i'm
bided hope instead of despair, and
successful farming seems likely to be
extended over thousands of square
| miles where it would be impossible
without the dry-farming system. But
he has never preached it as a substi-
tute for rainfall, nor has he ever held
out to those countries the deceptive
hope that the climate will ever change,
says Farm and Ffreside.
The fates-or, as the ancients called
1t, the stars"-have decreed that the
lands under the lee of the Rocky
mountains must always be content
with scanty rainfall. This does not
mean that great populations of happy
sustained there; but it does mean that
such populations must succeed in spite
of the aridity.
In fact. the existence of this vast
arid region and the methods rendered
necessary by it's natural conditions
seem likely to prove blessing to the
farmers of all the nation. Dry farm
ing has it's lessons for the farmers of
the humid regions as well as for those
depending on irrigation. If twenty
inches of rainfall will mature crops,
why should more be used when re-
ceived through bitches? Or if IS
inches c;sl be made to do, why use
more? Why not use the excess to
help out the dried-up acres beyond
the present limits of the flow? In
brief, the conservation of moisture in
the soil has one of it's chief uses in
extending the irrigable area of the
nation by making one gallon of water
do the work done under more waste
full methods by two.
And over the entire country, where
rainfall is relied upon, the season is
an exceptional one in which droughts
of more or less severity do not occur.
And whenever drought occurs, the
remedy is dry farming, whether the
location be in Iowa or Ohio or Colo
RADIO. This present season has been
one Of widespread and long continued
droughts in some regions east of the
Missouri Crops have been shortened
up in yield-perhaps by just the amount
which turns profit into loss-by lack
of moisture. And yet there were CO.
pious rains early in the season. Dry
farming would have held these rains
in the ground, and would have as
sured plentiful crops all over these
afflicted fields. Dry farming won't
hurt anything in wet season; and it
is salvation in a dry one Study it.
1t is worth your while.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29
DRY FARM CONGRESS CALLED
Be Held at Billings, Mont, October &c
to %, to Discuss and Compare
Methods of Utilization.

A dry farming congress is called to
meet at Billings, Mont, October 26 to
%. TO discuss and compare methods
by which the great area of arid land
can be profitably utilized.
ITO encourage the use of methods
by which, in districts where rainfall is
slight, or irrigation water is limited,
the actual productive acreage can be
increased
ITO create closer cooperation be-
tween the government and state ex-
perts in charge of dry farming expert
mental work and the actual farmers of
the arid districts.
ITO enlarge the plans for carrying
on a great educational propaganda by
which, eventually the arid districts of
the entire world can be populated by
prosperous and contented agricultur-
lists.
ITO encourage legislation looking to
increased federal and state appropria-
lions for the establishment of more
experimental stations.
ITO study methods and results of
dry farming operations. Among the
rules of the congress are the fol-
lowing:
All farmers living where rainfall is
less than 20 inches per annum depend
ing solely upon rainfall to grow and
mature crops. are eligible to compete
for premiums at this Dry Farming
congress.
Exhibits shall represent crops sea-
son of 1909 and shall not have been
grown upon irrigated, sub-irrigated OF
seepage land.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29

more certain than crop raising in
many localities usually having an
abundance of rain; and under this
system much land still open to the
homesteader will produce as many
bushels of grain in given number
years as much of the high priced
wheat lands of the country.
Biennial cropping, while it gives the
farmer as high as double the yield per
acre which he would otherwise OBJ.
tain. calls for a larger farm, as 1t
reduces the number of acres under
crop, and it was to meet this condi-
ton that we secured the passage of
the 320-acre homestead bill.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29
Binding Alfalfa.

In recent years some prefer to bind
the alfalfa in bundles and shock the
same as wheat or other grain. The
advantage claimed for this method is
that 1t requires less help, since one
man may do the harvesting and put
the crop into the shock if help is
scarce: the alfalfa may be cut little
greener, and the straw may cure and
keep better than when put up loose.
When bound and shocked the alfalfa
should stand two weeks or SO until
dry enough to thresh. II put into the
stack, threshermen prefer to have it
loose, as bundles are more apt to be
damp and tough, but II fully dried
when stacked alfalfa should keep well
in the bundle. It is suggested to
stack with layers of straw between
layers Of alfalfa. in order to take up
the moisture.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29
To Make Arid Lands Fertile.

The main idea of irrigation is to
make arid lands fertile. The attend
ant result has far greater interest to
the United States. For the cherished
thought of nation of home owners is
getting steady encouragement wher-
ever this work is being pushed.
The word irrigation is full of mean
ing to the people of certain of
the western states. It's story is
told in stages. There is hopefulness
as the project is presented. There
is development as its effects begin to
appear There is assured prosperity
as the desert blossoms as the rose.
And the desert is blossoming, not for
owners Of vast areas, but for hun
sdreds and thousands of individuals
who are carefully cultivating compare
lively small farms with most salts,
factory results. .
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29
Faith and siaht.

hear men praying everywhere
for more faith: but when l listen to
them carefully and get at the real
heart of their prayers. very often it is
not more faith at all that they are
wanting, but a change from faith to
sight. Faith says not: II see that it
IS good for me, and SO God must have
sent it." but God sent It, and so 1t
must he good for me-" Faith walking
In the dark with God only prays aim
to clasp its hand more closely, does
not even ask him for the lifting of the
darkness so that the man may find
the way himself. Rev Phillips
Brooks.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29
DRY FARMING SOILS
Careful and Proper Ti||age In
sures Success with Cereals
and Vegetables.
Large Areas Of Land Popularity Sup.
posed to Be Worthless Except for
Grazing Purposes Converted
Into Prosperous Farm
Communities.
BY CONGRESSMAN F. w. MoNDELL,
OF WYOMING.

Experience, extending over long
period Of years, has demonstrated be-
You'd question of doubt that with
careful and proper tillage, all of the
cereals, and a large variety of vege-
tables, may be successfully and profit
ably grown in loan soil where the
average rainfall does not exceed Ia to
Is inches annually.
The dry farmer should select loan
soil. Personally | should select for
such purposes what might be called a
sandy loan, and this being done, sue
cess, with the rainfall indicated and
thorough tillage, is reasonably certain.
My experience with dry farming eX-
tends over period of 20 years, in
which time | have seen areas popu-
larly supposed to be practically worth
less except for grazing purposes, con-
verted into prosperous farm commune
ties. Some of the crops | have seen
raised have been phenomenal. Where
the location has been carefully select
ed and the cultivation has been thor
ough, recall practically no failures.
1t is my opinion that there are very
large areas which are still open to
homestead settlement quite as good
as those which have been settled up.
on heretofore.
My own experience in dry farming,
has been under the ordinary annual
crop system, but l am firmly of the
opinion that ultimately, in this land of
limited rainfall, VIC shall adopt the
biennial system now so successfully
practiced elsewhere. This system
consists of cropping one-half of the
farm each year, and summer filling
the remainder. Under this system,
dry farming, SO called, is safer and
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29
When TO MIX Heifer.

A heifer should be bred to freshen
at "a to 80 months old, depending on
the size and condition of the heifer at
the time Of breeding. It is held by
the best breeders that it is well to
milk the heifer at least II to 70
months before permitting her to go
dry. as the first period of lactation
tends to establish the length of the
lactation periods that follow. The
heifer should be bred, however, so
that she would have about two, and in
some cases three, months rest, de-
pending upon the size and growth Of
the animal.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29
POULTRY YARD NOTES.

Don't wait until young poultry begin
to droop and die before looking for
lice
When you have set all the eggs you
care to for the season, send the roos-
ters to market. Their room is better
than their company.
Az every chick Matched carries the
blood OF the male. 1t is important that
great care be taken in selecting the
head OF the flock.
Hens feel the warm weather as
much as other folks. Give them a
shady place to sit down once in awhile
and rest They win do all the bet
ter for It.
Some folks think that hens do not
need oyster-shells when they can run
Out. Just try giving them some and
see how that is You win be wiser
after that
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29
WILL TRY AMERICAN PLAN
Much Land in Arid Regions Of Aus
tra!ia May Be Utilized for
Va Agriculture.

Australia resembles the United
States not only in size but in the fact
that large area has long been con-
sidered unfit for agricultural purposes
owing to the meagerness of the rain
fall. The proof given by a Nebraska
farmer that railfall Of IL inches un-
der his system would produce better
results than one Of double that amount
under the ordinary method, is of i'm
mense importance to both countries,
where so many million acres are in
the arid zone.
The American system has been
tried here by p. Pascoe, the apostle
and pioneer Of dry farming in South
Australia, who speaks Of it in the high
est terms. A method OF dry farming,
or, rather, as it is called here, OF
soil culture, has been practiced In
this state for the last 10 years
by r. w. Peacock, the manager
of experimental farms at Coolabah
and Bathurst, and an extended trial Is
to be given to the two systems the
American and the Australian-almos
at once. An area Of 1000 acres Is te
be devoted to the former. while three
lots OF so acres each are to be sci
apart to try the latter.
There does not appear to be much
difference between the two systems
The American method consists in keep
ing the surface under cultivation loose
and finely pulverized SO that the rair
may percolate through to the compac
soil beneath. The Australian methot
Is to keep the dust at the bottom, thu
granules Of soil next and the clods OF
top. The object In each case appear,
To be the same TO deepen the soil AMI
lead to the free access Of rain to pre-
vent evaporation. surface roofing ant
the organization Of weeds.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29
Perils Of Orchards.

Even If an orchard does have rea-
sonable care and become source of
revenue it is always facing a peril
which is more pronounced in an irri-
gated country than elsewhere. In
good years like the present the
branches bend low in early summer
with the weight of promising fruit
and the owner cannot bring himself
to thin the crop for the sake of the
tree. He props the weighted limbs
with old boards and prongs only to
find later in the season that the wind
breaks down the brittle branches or
the fruit is too small to be of any
commercial use.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29
Provide for comfort.

y In raising chickens for profit, do not
waste money in making houses and
equipments look like pictures, but pro.
vide plenty Of comfort for the birds.
and do not overlook that caring for
them ought to be thought Of when
building or furnishing the house, to
the end that the work can be done
quickly and with ease s3g7a
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29
Fall Litters.

The man who raises pure bred hogs
rarely breeds twice year; but the
commercial hog raiser finds it profit.
able to get litters both in the spring
and fall. The fall litter is the more
expensive to raise, but unless there is
an unusually large supply Of hogs in
sight, The market prices will be better
than for the spring filters. 81
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29

The state department at Washing
ton has been notified of the estab-
lishment Of steamship service between
Acajutla, Salvador and Salina Cruz,
MEXICO, the Pacific terminus Of the
Tehuantepec railroad. that Will re-
duce the time Of the mails from New
York to Salvador from Is to 8 days.
This will facilitate business, and dem
onsyrate that improvements In the
mails and tn shipping will increase
trade between North and South Amer
fen.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29

That tho barnacle is bothersome
beast has been in evidence before and
since Dickens used 1t as an illustra-
ton OF certain human qualities. The
big battleship South Dakota was dry
locked at Mare Island navy yard re-
Gently and 600 tons of barnacles were
scraped from the bottom. 1t Ia such
accumulations that hinder the speed
Of many Of the sWiftest Warships.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29
CARING FOR BERRY BUSHES
Time for Tipping Raspberry Is When
Long, Slender Branches Incline
Toward Earth.

Many of our readers have Black
Cap raspberries as we'll as the pulple
Columbian and Schaffer red rasp-
berry bushes which do not produce
sprouts, but must be tipped to prop
agate new plants. The process is
so simple that anyone who can handle
a spade may succeed with the work.
The opportune time for tipping rasp-
berry bushes is when the long, slen-
der branches incline toward the earth
and form roots on the terminals on
irrigated ground. Nature must be
assisted in the covering of the ter
minals to insure a full supply of
plants. A spade is the ideal nipple
ment to use for the purpose. Thrust
the blade into the soil and push the
handle forward which will open the
earth to receive the tips of the rasp-
berry bushes. With one hand grasp
the slender cane and hold the ter
minal in the opening while the spade
is drawn out with the other. The
soil will Immediately fill the cavity
which should be firmly packed with
the foot to keep the branch in the
new home, where roots will soon form
on each and every lateral twig or
terminal thus covered. These root
ed ends will become independent of
the parent plants as soon as they
take food for growth from the soil.
However, 1t is best to leave them
undisturbed until they are needed for
planting next spring. If large num-
Der of plants are desired the parent
bushes should be pinched back to
about three feet when the growth is
well established. This treatment will
produce large number of lateral
shoots, each of which may be tipped
as suggested.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29

The occultation OF Mars by the
moon the other night was spectacle
interesting to astronomers, but not i'm.
portant In revealing anything not pre-
viously known. Fgurative. Significance
# had none whatever. more's the pity.
An occultation OF Mars that would
mean the end o. wars on earth would
call for q special assembling Of the IN
ternational Peace Congress at The
Hague to adopt resolutions Of congrat-
ulation.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29

The speed nuisance has become so
bad In Chicago that 1t is seriously pro-
posed to equip the street crossings
with bumps" to jar the autoists into
some recognition of the life, safety
and right to the streets of others. The
remedy Is drastic. but trifle print
tive. A few speed maniacs serving
workhouse sentences would doubtless
dispose OF the nuisance.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29

II the proposed oiling of roadways
In the parks affords relief from the
dust in these pleasure spots, why
would It not give comfort on resi-.
dence streets which have the nature
of boulevards? The cost Of the oil
and the application Of it might be off.
set to large extent by reduction
In the cost of sprinkling service due
to the absence Of dust on the oiled
streets.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29

A few pounds of
bronze in t h e
shape of a bell
with a crack in 1t
were some time
ago p a r a d e d
through the streets
of Boston and
gazed upon by
thousands. T h e
bronze was not
especially valu.
able, but it was
associated with a
great event in his
tory. This bell rang
ont for liberty on
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29

One national government is INSTALL
ing an expensive wood-testing bureau
at the University of Wisconsin. evil
IDENTIFY be.nE willing to hope that
there will De wood to test for some
time yet.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29

Mexico is now getting more than its
share of earthquakes and tidal waves.
The losses Of life there have been
very large and the destruction Of
property tremendous. Italy is again
going through the same experience
and the people of both countries live
In fear that the worst has not yet hap
pened.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29

While the constitution follows the
flag under most circumstances 1t may
find difficulty in following the flag to
the pole and camping out permanent
ly on moving hummocks of ice.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29

The pole has claimed its full quota
of human victims. Now that 1t has
been found, aviation is going to take
Its place in the sacrifice of life to gain
victory.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29

There seems to be no such thing
in the world as an automatic and in
violable polometer to ring bell when
man reaches the boreal climax
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29

Peru Is sending it's presidents son
to learn scientific farming in Wiscon-
sin, though llama raising is but indif
ferently taught there.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29

The extraordinary popularity of fine
choice of Starch matter of great i'm
portance. Defiance Starch, being free
from all injurious chemicals, is the
only one which is safe to use on fine
fabrics. It great strength as a stiffen-
er makes half the usual quantity Of
Starch necessary, with the result Of
perfect finish, equal to that when the
goods were new.
A Distinction.
Tommy-What is the difference be-
tween vision and sight?
Tommy's Pop-Well, my son, you
can fatter girl by calling her a
vision. but don't call her sight.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29

A Brooklyn girl has gone through
He'll Gate, an aquatic feat attempted
by many men who have failed in it.
The gentler sex is just now decidedly
in the swim.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29

There is many slip between be-
Ing talked of for a federal appoint
ment and the actual seizure of the
plum.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29

Those who missed the occultation of
Mars recently did not miss much.
1t was less exciting than some of the
things one hears in the airshaft of an
apartment house.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29

Like the north pole, the HALEY com.
ct is billed for discovery by process.
sion of scientific scouts.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29

At any rate the world is glad to
think that finding the north pole is
no longer diminishing business.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29

We have it at first hand from the
poet that summer will not last for.
ever.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29

Halley's comet has had it's eycur
sion ticket stamped in Heidelberg.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29
The Liberty Bell i
of the Soul
By REV. A. c. DIXON, DID,,
Pastor of tho Chicago Ave. (MoodyO t
Church. Chicago.

proclaim liberty throughout the
land to all the inhabitants thereof
Leyiticus 25:1O.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29
Clean, Cold. Rich cre.m.

6tCNIUe
Clean cream, cold cream and rich
cream are the three words which tell
1.-THE secret Of producing sweet cream
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-29

In standing off the Moors Spain has
a permanent job.