davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Willmar tribune., 1909-06-23

Petition of c.. E. Monson and
others for the extension of State
Road No. l of Kandiyohi County,
from the Village of New London to
the county line between Kandiyohi
and Stearns Counties, was present
ed. read and considered:.
Commissioner N. B. johnson
offered the following resolution
which was adopted by full vote ;:
RESOLUTION DESIGNATING A
STATE ROAD, TO BE BUILT OR
IMPROVED UNDER THE JURIS-
DICTION OF THE STATE HIGH
WAY COMMISSION OF MINNIE
sofa.
Pursuant to Section Nine (9)
Chapter one hundred and sixty
three Q63) General Laws of 1905,
be it resolved by the Board of
County Commissioners of the Coun-
ty of Kandiyohi, State of Minneso-
ia, that the road hereinafter de-
scrlbed as an extension to State
Road No. l. towit:
Beginning at the northeast cor
ner of Block Four (4) Of Louis Lar
sons Addition to the Village of
New London, thence running north
erly thru the W. of ne4 of section
3; thence northeasterly thru W. of
sci and ea of ne4 of Sec. 3, all in
Township 12l, Range "a; Thence in
the same direction thru the sci of
Section 81, Twp. 122. R. "a until
the road crosses Grow River after
which it practically follows the Sec
tion line between sections 81 and
IS, and q and 26 until it turns east
and runs thru the center of the nw4
of and the WI of ne4 of section 26;
thence northeasterly thru the mel of
nei of section 26, and the nw4 of
section rs, to the section line be-
tween sections "a and q which it
follows to the east boundary line of
the Township of Burbank; Thence
east on the line between sections
10 and 80, 20 and 20, 21 and %, %
and 27, % and 26, "a and Is to d
point on the east boundary line of
Kandiyohi County, being the main
travelled road along the route de-
scribed between the points of be-
ginning and termination, in said
County of Kandiyohi be and the
same is hereby designated State
Road for the purpose of having the
same constructed or improved in
accordance with the provisions of
said law.
Dated at Willmar, Minn., June
l7th, 1909.
By the Board of County Commits.
| sioners.
Thos. H. Olson, Chairman.
Attest: John Feig, Auditor.
SEAL.
On motion recess was taken un.
til 8 O'Clock a. m., June IS, 1909.
The Board met at 8 o'clock a. m.
June 18, 1909. Members present
johnson, Kloster, Swenson and
Chairman Olson. Absent: Syver-
son.
Application of the Town of Har.
rison for an appropriation from the
County Road and Bridge Fund was
presented, read and considered, and
on motion the same was granted in
the sum of 5000.
Commissioner J. o. Kloster was
appointed as a committee for above
appropriation.
All other applications for aid
from the county Road and Bridge
Fund were laid over on account of
lack of funds.
Commissioner N. B. johnson
offered the following resolution
which was adopted by a full vote:
Whereas Chapter 1873 of the Laws
of Minnesota fr tho vaar 1910 ox-
Willmar tribune., 1909-06-23
First publication June 2-lwl
Order Limiting Time to File Claims,
and for Hearing Thereon.

ESTATE OF WAN RASMUSON. Deceased,
STATE OF MINNEsoTA
County OF Kandiyohi In Probate Court.
In the Natter of the Estate of Swan Ras-
muSOn, Decedent.
Letters of Testamentary this day having
been granted to Edward r. RAsmuson
1t is Ordered, that the time within which all
creditors of the above named decedent NAV
present claims against his estate in this court,
be, and the same hereby is, limited to six
months from and after the date hereof: and
that Monday, the 9TH day OF December, 1869. at
| O'Clock P. NJ, in the Probate Court Rooms
ut the Court House 1T the City of Wimar in
said County, be, and the same hereby is, fixed
and appointed as the time and place for hear
ing upon and the examination, adjustment and
allowance of such claims as shall be presented
within the time aforesaid.
Let notice hereof be given by the publication
OF this order in the Willmar Tribune as provid-
ed by law.
Dated June lst, 1909. A.. NORDlN
lSEALl Judge OF Probate.
GEO. BITTERNESS.
Attorney at law.
Willmar. Mimi.
Willmar tribune., 1909-06-23
First publication June %, 1909 4w)
Citation for Hearing on Final Account
and for Distribution.


ESTATE OF ISADORE v. BURR
State of Minnesota, County of Kandiyohi In
Probate Court N
In the matter of the Estate of Isadore V.
Burr, Decedent:
The State OF Minnesota to all persons inter-
ested IN the final account and distribution of
the estate OF said decedent: The representa-
i've OF the above named decedent having
hled In this Court his final account of the adj
mlnlstratlon Of the estate of said decedent, to-
gether with his petition praying for the ad-
]ustment and allowance of said final account
ana Tor distribution of the residue of said
estate to the persons thereunto entitled:
dneGefsEe. di9e, You. and each OF you, are hereby
cited and required to show cause, if any YOU
have, before this Court at tue Probate Court
Rooms IN the Court House in the City of Will
mar IN the County of Kandiyohi, State OF Min
nesota, on the Goth day of July, 1902 at one
granted. Ao' VIC
Witness. The Judge Of said Court, and the
1909. o1 'une'
COURT A. NORDIN.
SEAL Judge OF Probate,
Attorney for Petitioner,
Wmar, MINI.
Willmar tribune., 1909-06-23
First publication June 2-4wks.1
Citation for Hearing on Petition to Sell
Mortgage or Lease Land.

Mortgage or Lease Land.
ESTATE OF ALFRED HOLMGREN, De-
ceased.
State of Minnesota, County of kandiyoli
in Probate Court.
In the M after of the estate of Alfred Holm
gren decedent.
The State of Minnesota % all persons inter-
ested in the mortgaging of certain lands be-
longingto said decedent The petition ofJ oseph
Holmgren as representative Of the above am
ed decedent being duly filed in his court, repre-
senting that it is necessary and for the best
interests of said estate and Of all interested
therein that certain lands of said decedent
described therein be mortgaged and praying
that license be to Joseph Holmgren grant
ed to mortgage the same;
Now therefore, you, and each of you, are
hereby cited and required to show cause if
any you have, before this court, at the Pro-
bate Court Room in the Court II ouse in the
City of Willmar, County ok andiyohi, State
of Minnesota. on the 29th day of Tune
1909 at one O'Clock p. NJ, why the nrayer
of said petition should not be granted.
Witness the judge of said court, and the
seal of said court, this 1st day of June
1909.
)Court A. F. NORDIN
! Seal Judge of Probate ourt
GEO. H. BITTERNESS,
Attorney for petitioner,
Willmar.
Willmar tribune., 1909-06-23

tends the Torrens system of regis
tering titles to real estate to the
entire state of Minnesota, and the
Register of Deeds Of each county is
thereby made ex-officio Registrar,
and is required to give a bond for
the faithful performance of his du-
ties Hereunder; therefore
Resolved that the bond of the
registrar in and for Kandiyohi
County, Minnesota, be and the same
is hereby fixed in the sum of $780,
90, and to have sufficient surety to
be approved by the District Court.
The Board proceeded to audit
bills filed against the county and
the following were allowed in
amounts set forth:
NAME AMT AMT
CLAIMANT. FOR WHAT CLAIMED ALLOWED
Ant
Willmar tribune., 1909-06-23

Knicker-Why did you discharge
your chauffeur? Bocker-He persisted
In taking his friends out when the
cook wanted the auto-New York Sun.
Willmar tribune., 1909-06-23

Order Limiting Time to File Claims.
and for Hearing Thereon.
ESTATE OF ANDREAS HAAGENSON, De-
ceased.
STATE OF MINNESOTA,
County of KandyOhi, In Probate Court
In the Matter of the Estate of Andreas Haag-
ensOn, Decedent.
Letters Testamentary this day having
been granted to Andreas Hanson.
1t is Ordered, that the time within which all
creditors of the above named decedent may
present claims against his estate in this court,
be, and the same hereby is, limited to six
months from and after the date hereof: and
that Monday the 10th day of December, 1909,
at o'clock p NJ, in the Probate Court Rooms
at the Court House at the City of v ill1nar in
said County, be, and the same hereby is, fixed
and appointed as the time and place for hear
ing upon and the examination, adjustment and
allowance OF such claims as shall be presented
within the time aforesaid.
Let notice hereof be given by the publica-
tion of this Orderin the WiIlmar Tribune as pro-
vided by law.
Dated June IA 1909 A. F.. NORDIN,
[SEAL Judge of Probate.
Willmar tribune., 1909-06-23
An Ancient CITY.

Rhodes still survives, medieval
city in all its defensive war gear of
tower and curtain and keep. It is the
city which the knights of st. John
erected in the midst Of the Byzan-
tines after they had been driven out
Of Jerusalem In the early fourteenth
century. Probably few travellers real
ize how well preserved the tremen.
dous Notifications and dwellings are.
The easiest and safest way to de-
stroy ordinary black gunpowder is to
throw it into water, which dissolves
the saltpete1.
Willmar tribune., 1909-06-23

FIRE. CYCLONE AND HAIL
INSURANCE written in leading
American Companies at low rates.
Inquire of Hans Gunderson, Agent,
Opera House Bldg. If
Willmar tribune., 1909-06-23

On motion the meeting ad-
journed.
Thos. H. Olson,
Chairman of the Board of County
Commissioners of Kandiyohi Coun-
ty, Minnesota.
Attest: John Feig,
County Auditor and ex-officio Clerk
Of the Board.
SEAL,
Willmar tribune., 1909-06-23

is of
oad satisfied collected
Willmar tribune., 1909-06-23

to construct bridge across Judi
cial Ditch No l. Of Meeker and
Kandiyohi counties, and which said
bridge is located in public highway
in said Town, in section 80; that
said bridge is not situated within
the limits of any incorporated city
Of the first, second or third class.
that said town has provided for the
payment of one-half of the cost of
the construction of such bridge;
that the total cost of the construc-
tion of such bridge is $500; that
the taxable valuation of said Town
for the year 1908 is the sum of
$261 ,212; that said cost exceeds one
eighth of one per centum of the
taxable valuation of said Town ac-
cording to the last equalized valu-
alton thereof, and praying for the
appropriation from the General
Road and Bridge Fund of this
County of sum of money equal to
one-half of the cost of the construc-
tion of such bridge, to be used in
paying for the expense of the con-
struction thereof, and upon reading
and filing said petition and upon
hearing the evidence produced in
support of the same, we find the
allegations contained in said petit
tion are true.
Therefore, Resolved by the Coun-
ty Board of the County Of Kandi-
yohi, Minnesota, that the sum of
$3.50, or as much therefore as is
necessary be, and the same is here
by, appropriated from the general
Road and Bridge Fund of the Coun-
ty of Kandiyohi to be applied in
payment of the expense of construc-
ting bridge across the said ditch
in section No. 80 of said Town, to
be paid upon the order of the
Chairman of this Board and the
County Auditor upon the accept.
ance of said work by the committee
hereinafter named.
1t Is Further Ordered that, G.
J. Swenson and Thos. H. Olson,
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1909-12-04


the Pace au palaIs ue BOURBON me famous
ola leglumlSt SAID
Don Jaime has ceased to be prince de
Bourbon just as Albert Edward was no longer
prince OF Wales after ne had become klns.
NHeh ua'eILns incoS"i'o ne - no" 'ne uuNe
" lS t'ee % II
1aIeS J. ~ "S no. S,,rIaa
,t,IT 'o' "P|'" ou1 ~ wiz p'oD'D'' " r,,,
w. % ~ - 90, w, 49,
P'"'I"'TS u'"SI ,'le "ll9 ~ , 'i,' ~ ,',S
laI W. nav n1n ~ I1' NV Ia,
o"' '''' ou' 81 '+J t,','i,1 800,
"g - .ou'e, - ll2 ~
'D,.. "''V. ANY T,a, "orIl.
o,d ,rrca Tines did We rrocIoim tho tradi,
tf,,.oI lr,,. Il a roi eet mort. ,iva 10 ROT, We
,,r,.,rair,GI Non raiIna nrirra dc po,rhor the
s,,..l.."r ~ mat Ior, and i1Iuetrtous line of
live ,.ro have shea ca much mstar an
t,rarra A. this ancient ana intcraetipe care.
r,,',. .l., ola L.o,,1o,r ,rilrs vyoro renr,goted
~, -, e,,,r.t ID CatboIinaar
Wy .n ,.,.u... ,,'.~...- -. ,.,....,.o no
van .,5a. ~ ,,ta I,,1t, -
n, ,,,,a-a1 -,',. r,arr (t,rl+to f.. ono
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1909-12-04
BREAKS COLD IN A DAY.

This prescription Is one OF the very
best known to science. The ingre
dents can be gotten from any good
druggist, or he will get them from his
wholesale house.
Mix half pint OF good whiskey WITH
two ounces Of glycerine and add one
half ounce Concentrated pine COM
pound, The bottle Is to be shaken
each time and used In doses Of a tea
spoonful to tablespoonful every four
hours. The Concentrated pine is
special pine product and comes only
In half ounce bottles, each enclosed
In an ahr-tight case, but be sure u .
labeled Concentrated.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1909-12-04

The engagement of Mr. Hiram Har.
desty and Miss Suzolte Snarley is an
nounced, 1t occurred the other even.
ing at 9:i5 on the red sofa in Miss
SuarIey's parlor. The young lady was
dressed I'm black. and wore no orna-
mcnts She did not look unusually
pretty, and what caused the young
mans mental alteration Is not known.
Neither one could remember exactly
what was said, and both admitted 1t
was not the first time he kissed her.
We print the details for the romantic
young things who are always curious
to know how an engagement Is brought
about. Atchison Globe.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1909-12-04
TORE HIS SKIN OFF
In shreds-Itching Was Intense
Sleep Was often impossible.
Cured by CutIcura In Three Weeks

AT first an eruption OF small pus-
tulcs commenced on my hands. These
spread later to other parts Of my body.
and tho Itching at times was intense.
so much SO that | literally tore the
skin off in shreds in seeking relief.
Tho awful itching intcrfercd with my
work considerably. and also kept me
awake nights. l tried several doc
tors and used a number OF different
ointments and lotions but received
practically no benefit. Finally ! set.
tied down to the use of Cuticura Soap.
Cutlcura Ointment and Cuicura Pills,
with the result that in n few days all
itching had ceased and in about three
weeks time all traces Of my eruption
had disappeared / have had no trou
BILE Of this kind since. II. A. Kruts.
koff, 57li Wabash Ave, Chicago, H..
November lS and 2S. 1907"
Potter Drug 4 Chon. Corp. Solo Props, Bostoa-
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1909-12-04

church He has been pro-
claimed king by his party.
But let his trusted chief,
his quasi-prime minister, the
man who has directed the
Carlist movement since Don
Carlos was a beardleSS
youth, and who is the power
behind the throne in all the
recent happenings, tell the
tale.
Count Urban de Maille,
the Carlist chief, recently
received me at his home in
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1909-12-04
Catarrh Cannot Be Cured

with LOCAL APPLICATIONS. M they cannot rrauA
the scat OF the disease. CntRrIh IL blood constt
tutiona disease and IN order 10 It you take
internal remedies. Hairs CRtaTrh euro il taken In
ternn.y and acts directly upon tho blood and mucous
ruriACra Hairs tRtaTth Cure Ia not quaCk mcdi.
cine II was prescribed by OF tho best physicians
In this country for years and regular prescription,
II ia composed OF tho best tonlcs known. combined
with tho best blood purifiers acting directly on this
mucous surfaces Tho perfect combination OF the
two Ingredients is what produces such wonderful re-
suits In curing cntRrrh Send Tor testimonials, free.
Y. j. CHENEY & co, Props. Toledo u
SOli by Druggists, price 7iC
TAKE HANS Family Pms for constipation.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1909-12-04
a Domestic Advancement.

"Blustcr and his wife seem to get
along very well together"
That's because they have set aside
ono day in the week to do all their
fighting. on the other days they
keep the ponce."
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1909-12-04

.,ll o,,,.. y,ll Nnn
.liu, r,,,I,. MINOR, i4
,,,..t,',o,. J., gr,i,
,,a1 a., ,.n,.h,l
,..,s I h,.r y,r,r,rd
,,,,,,r,,,s I,t,nrs - ON
,. ,,,r Ar,,,,r Ann,
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1909-12-04

He DOORS of France as we'll
as of Spain are now closed
against Don jaime, the
chiyalrous son of the late
Don Carlos, duke of Mad
rid, who ruled over the
north of Spain under the
title Of Charles VII. The in
discretion of the Carlist
committee in Paris in pro-
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1909-12-04

The worm may turn, but the grind.
stone has 70 be turned.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1909-12-04

nr Pierce. Pheasant pcI'o's nr't put MP an years
tgn They regulate ami Jaw IRumlo stomach, liver
and bowels. 5ugnr-cuatHl tiny grauulDS
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1909-12-04
THE BOY AND HIS AUNT.

Little Nephew-Auntie, did you
marry an Indian?
Aunt-Why do you ask such a silly
question, Freddy?
Little Nephew-Well I saw some
scalps on your dressing table.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1909-12-04

claiming Don Jaime heir to the throne Of
France as we'll as Of Spain, has galvanized
into Efe the law of expulsion concerning the
The Republican journal. [volume] (Belfast, Me.) 1829-current, 1909-03-25
Without Morphine or Danger
Gus Drugs, Cures Colds, and
all Throat and Lung Troubles,
Prevents Pneumonia. SO Years
in Use.
OVER-CUTTING OF FORESTS.

WASHINGTON, D. c., March %, 1909.
1t has been estimated that the amount of
wood annually consumed in the United
States at the present time is TWENTY
three billion cubic feet, while the growth
OF the forests is only seven billion feet.
In other words, Americans all over the
country are using more than three times
as much wood as the forests are produc-
ing. These figures are based upon large
number of State and local reports collect
ed by the government and upon actual
measurements.
The State Forester of Connecticut, in
a recent report, has given figures on
growth and use in New Haven county.
which give many more valuable details
than are generally to be obtained, and
will illustrate how the forest is being re-
duced by over-cutting. In this county a
very careful study was made on each
township of the amount of forest, the
rate OF growth, and the amount of tim
Der used. For the year 1907 the timber
used was 100000 cords, in the form of
cordWood, lumber, ties, poles and piles.
The annual growth on all types of forest
land. including the trees standing on
abandoned fields, for the year, reached
total of 70, 900 cords. Thus the amount
cut yearly exceeds the growth by so, 900
cords.
The amount of standing timber con-
sldered as merchantable and available for
cutting within the next few years was
found to be 100000 cords. Each wear
the annual growth increases the supply
on hand by 10000 cords, while the use
decreases it by $780, 900. The net reduc-
ton is therefore $4,000 cords year. If
the cut and the growth remain at the
present figures, the supply of merchant
able timber will be exhausted in about
twenty years. At the end of that time
there will be large amount of forest
standing in the county, but it will be in
tracts under forty years of age, contain
ing wood below the most profitable size
for cutting. Cordwood could still be cut,
but supplies of the most profitable prod
ucts, like ties and lumber, would be prac-
tically exhausted.
Connecticut's case illustrates what is
meant when the exhaustion of the timber
supply is spoken of. 1t does not mean
that every tree will be cut and that the
ground will be bare. 1t means, on the
other hand, that year by year the people
OF the country are cutting more timber
imam the forest grows, and that within
comparatively short time the continued
loss Will have so reduced the forest that
1t will be difficult and expensive to obtain
timber of useful size in sufficient quantity.
The Republican journal. [volume] (Belfast, Me.) 1829-current, 1909-03-25
PROBATE COURT.

The following business was transacted at the
March term of Probate Court, Judge George E.
johnson presiding:
Petitions for probate of wills were filed by
the estates of Mary A. Thompson, late of
Montville; George B. Hughes, late of Frank
fort; Jedediah ]. varney, late of Unity
Petitions for license to sell real estate were
filed by Frank o. Smith, late of Belfast; Addi-
son B. Sparrow, late of Freedom.
Petitions for allowance were filed by estates
of Frank W. Sylvester, late of Freedom; Gilman
Morrill,, late of Winterport
Petition for distribution filed by the estate of
George P. Ward, late of Thorndike
Petition by heir or devisee. filed by estate of
Inez R. Kendall, late of Winterport
Accounts We're filed by estates as follows.
Golde M. Patterson of Morrill,, guardian s; Lewis
H. Matthews, late of Searsport, first and final;
Inez R. Kendall, late of Winterport, first James
H. Whitcomb, late of Morrill,, first and final;
John B. Perkins, late of Palermo, first and
final; Lucy Ann Knowlton, late of Northport
trustees first; John Murch, late of Unity, first
and final Frank o. Smith, late of Belfast, first
Emily M. Brown, late of Liberty, first Charles
Wesley Brown, late of Liberty, first Ambrose
Thompson, late of Searsmont, first and final
Iva L. Rand of Troy, guardians first and final
Petitions for probate of will granted estates
of George F. Ryan, late of Belfast; Jane R.
Smalley, late of Belfast; Elizabeth C. Randall
late of Belfast; Mercy M. Written, late of
Burnham; Maria L. Willard, late of Winter
port; Arthur j. Trevett late of Prospect; Eliza
B. Benner, late of Northport.
Petitions for administration allowed estates
as follows: Rose R. Wise, late of Belfast
Nahum L. Simmons, late of Morrill, Joseph H.
Sweetser, late of Searsport.
Petition for guardian granted estates of
Lena and Elouise Woodbury. of Morrill,, and
Bernice Woodbury. of Morrill,.
Accounts were allowed estates as follows:
Henry S. Park, late of Stockton Springs, sec
ond and final; Stanley B. Rand of Troy, guar
dams first; Clifton D. Rand of Troy, guardians
first; William B. Sprowl, late of Winterport;
third; Nellie v. Crosby of Winterport, guard
ian's fifth; Martha C. Tozier of Thorndike,
guardians first Orren W. Berry, late of
Searsmont, first and final; James P. Showers,
late of Stockton Springs, first and final; Caleb
Y. kimball, late of Jackson, first and final;
Emily Forbes of Brooks, guardians fourth;
James F. Smalley of Belfast, guardians sec
ond and final
Warrants and inventories were allowed e.
tates as follows: George H. Carter, late of
Troy; Mary Ann Jennys, late of Monroe Addi-
son B. Sparrow, late of Freedom; Maria H.
Thompson, late of Montville; Thomas Shaw,
late of Troy; Frances F. Hoffses, late of Nor
rill; Cotton W. Mears, late of Belfast; Sarah
G. Averill, late of Searsport; Amasa E. San
ford, late of Liberty; Noyes X. Wentworth,
late of Belfast; John w. Carleton, late of
Winterport; George Herrick; late of Belfast;
Gilman Morrill,, late of Winterport; Lucy A.
Bennett late of Belfast; Esther C. Frye, late
of Belfast Frank 0. Smith, late of Belfast.
The Republican journal. [volume] (Belfast, Me.) 1829-current, 1909-03-25
SAVING NAMES RESOURCES.

Governor B. NJ Fernald of Maine told
the Sons and Daughters Association of
Maine, at their ninth annual banquet in
ODD Fellows Hall, Waltham, Mass, last
week that the saloon question is not the
only vital one now before the citizens of
the Pine Tree State He said that it is
equally important to conserve the natur-
al resources, to save the forests and
waterpowers now being wasted. The
governor said that if Maine had not al
lowed the control and ownership of pub
lie lands to pass to private individuals
years ago it would be one Of the richest
commonwealth in the United States.
Realization of this fact is dawning upon
Maine people and they are determined
not to make another similar mistake.
Now they will save their waterpower, al
though they will be watchful that bust
ness is not unduly hindered. Governor
Fernald declared that his State is grow
ing rich very fast.
The greeting to the Maine executive
was extended by Fred D. Welcome, who
presided as postmaster. Other speak
ers We're Mayor Edward A. Walker of
Waltharn, Senator John L. Harvey, Rev.
Roscoe L. Greene of Waltham and Rev.
George M. Dodge of Roxbury. Two
hundred men and women were present.