The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1909-08-06

ccedcd III cullning the rufIlcd waters nj
Inst a. - = ~: ,sf s-5 (. *
HISTORY OF THE BILL.
The new turlT law will be known in
history as the Payne bill. taking It's
name from the chairman Of the house
committee OF ways and means. the
Hon. Serene Il. Payne Of New York.
who also lind n part In framing the
Iczlnley ind Dlnglcy acts. Actually
1t should perhaps he called the Puyne-
Aidrlcl blu. us the chairman OF the
senate finance committee has bad quite
us much to do with debating Its tlnn!
provisions us AIR. Payne. On this Hue
OF reasoning. however. there nre those
who Insist that 1t should be called the
Taft bill, rs the hand of the president
has been seen In nil the moves that
have shaped 1t from the days OF the
Republican national convention TINT
nominated him aud adopted pink
for tariff revision up until the hour OF
the tlnnl fight in conference committee.
when the big man in the White House
mnde !, his historic fight for free raw
materials and for carrying out the
promises of the party.
1t Is the first time there has been n
change of the tnrIfr laws III twelve
years. the Dingley act having gone
Into errcctuiu' 1907. The inception Of
that Inv, WINS strlktnsIy like that OF
thett present. : In encll cnse 1t WIS en-.
acted by IN extrn session Of congress-.
called MS the first act Of nn incoming
administration. More noteworthy still.
each of these extrn sessions was called
to meet on March Is. the first one
having been Issued by William Alckln-
ley OF Ohio. The Inst by William How.
urd Taft OF Ohio. " s'3' IS !
Tho Tariff Plank.
The nglintion within the Republican
party for II. revision OF the Dlnslcy
net Inns gone on from the days OF the
iowa idca'' until ut last 1t culmtnatcd
in the plank In the last Republican
platform beginning:
''1'hc Republican party declares un-
equtvocnlly for revision of the tar.
In by special session of congress I'M
metlIntely following the Inauguration
OF the next president"
In his campaign on that platform
Mr. Taft construed this plank rs mem.
In: revision downward. a point TINT he
insisted on I'll his speeches aud finally
clinchtu In Ills inaugural address when
he said TINT conditions had so changed
relr....,1 to the Dinglcy net TINT they
"WIll permit the reduction OF rates In
certain schedules and will require the
advancement Of. few, IL any," Thnt
meant revision downward. which was
recognized substantially by the house
bill. but was changed to actual re-
vision upward by the senate bill. 1t
was ut thls point that the president
quietly but firmly injected himself
into tho Eight In the conference be-
tween the two houses. the house stand.
Ing behind him and forcing the senate
to yield. The Payne bill In Its present
form Is the result.
First Tariff Bill.
The first thrift bill enacted In the
United States was that Of the First
congress-. The opening section of thnt
bill stated TINT. III addition to securing
money for the support Of the govern
mcnt, the tariff was adopted for the
encouragement and protection of mali
ufncturcs." From that time political
parties of national scope have clnshed
on the Issue OF the tariff rs to whether
or not 1t should be more than "for
revenue only.
The expenses Of the war OF 1872
ncccssitnted material increase In the
thrift, but IN adjustment occurred two
years nfter the close OF tho wnr
through nj net prepared BY Henry
Clay.
II. 4s,G the tariff was Jumped up
few pegs. and n year later 1t went
higher. from 81 to IL per cent. '
When. In 1882. n BILL establishing
protective tariff policy passed.
South Carolina refused to recognize
the validity of the Increased duties
and threatened to scccle. President
Jackson had to dispatch n wArshlp to
South Cnrollnninn waters. '
A horizontal reduction of the tariff
took place. In 1888. Twelve years later.
under Folks administration. bill
drafted by. Robert ]. Walker, secretary
of the treasury. WIS adopted. standing
mildly for the protective policy. THIS
bill lasted until 1857. when n reduction
to oO!A per cent occurred on the aver
ngc duties. Actually free trade sys-
tom. this low tariff proved adequate
for NIL government needs until the out.
brehk OF the civil war. when IN In
creased Income wns ncccssltntcd.
Tho Morrill, Bill.-.
1crr f,4arorynsJ
duties about ont.thlr1. and the tax
vas extended to include tea, coffee