davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1909-08-02
NATIONAL BUREAU Of
COLONIZATION
IS PLANNED
STEER IMMIGRANT
TO B0UNDLESS WEST
Especial correspondence to Morning lournall

Especial Correspondence to Morning JournalI
Spokane. Wash, july 29-Wautcd
a bureau o colonization under the
control of the federal government to
direct the current of immigration to
the reclaimed and unsettled lands of
the country and show the homcsecker
how he can make sure OF a generous
living and enjoy a satisfactory social
life.
Levi Grant Monroe secretary of the
Spokane chamber Of commerce, and
representing that organization as a
delegate at the seventeenth sessions
of the National Irrigation Congress in
Spokane. August . to n, viii present
the foregoing proposition for endorse
men at one Of the meetings. In sup
port Of the movement he said.
"Recognizing the faet that the ass
sanitation of foreign population is be-
coming more difficult year by year
and that he congestion of the large
cities is already a national problem.
the best solution, in my Judgment,
would be a well organized aud fully
MINI, h,,raan !, frf,rn,G.n ..n
duc+oa ~ mo aoyar,,na,t e,.h 4,
d.r,r,r.r, v.nrLtn. IAN h,,.d lr..
with the cooperation of the CONNER
cial organizations. could handle the
newcomers from ror.ior lands and
n,oIo ~, sa1f -s,,unrrnr ,tr,ost
fron, ~, hogfnntng
"Io,c mn ,hat o.o,11 il. ia,
,,oars ar aa,.i,o ,r on, nonnl.
thoronoh L-nooIndgn az nm, ,ossihtu.
tioy in n r..o,rc,s ~ IN,
,o,,+r 1-hi. ,-r,rv.t.n ..,..th
oannil.d XXI ,.s.ntoI H. .-.rnr.t.
cam, III ,,. n,orn n.,i.bt ,tt.
tho noo,lo ~ IN. crnu,l.,l ,rnt.rs IN
aaiIatia W., ntl,.r .[,, n,,
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1909-08-02

Dos Moiue I'll. Aue Nl-
said tonight that Manager Houls, oC
tho omaha Western league F-raaH
team has p)urrAt-,F Manager aNiitn
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1909-08-02
xEmamMMa N N n N q n

D The Missouri Society or Kew
! MeNieo meets the second We'd
q ucsday Of each month at odd
A FclloWs' AulI. 81 Snusa Sae-
. oud street. N,St meeting, We'd
4 neslay. August 11th, 1909.
Headquarters al Room 4,
n Barnett building, Second and
n Central. Phone 10f9.
All M%issourilns are request
ed to call ana register.
n o j KRAMER, Sec'y.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1909-08-02

Portland, Aug. carson pitched a
superb game today until the eighth
when Oakland punched hits on him,
lnd hat combined with miserable sup
)ort. gave the visitor the game.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1909-08-02

Dce Moine> Is: Omaha ;.
MoineS. Aug. omaha tied the
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1909-08-02

Journal Want Ads. Get Results
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1909-03-18
RULED MILLIONS
NOW A PAUPER
Jessie Mansfield Who Caused the Death
OF Jim Fisk Now Living on CHARITY
in SOath Dakota.

WATERFOWL. 5. Especial. -Jo-
sic Mansfield. tie actress for whom
Edward :. Stokes killed Jim Fisk iu
the Grand Central Hotel New York
III January. 1872. for seven years has
been resident Of this city under the
name Of AIRS. Mary Lawler. Vet il was
only yesterday her identity became
known
The woman is penniiess and a par
aiytic. and is seeking entrance 10 a
convent. For several months she has
been living on the bounty OF friends
and money for her support has been
raised BY card parties and voluntary
subscriptions.
The woman was the cause OF one OF
the greatest tragedies in the history
OF American finance aud is ending her
DAYS in narrowing obscurity. There
was no suspicion Of her identity when
she was brought here In 1902 By NJ
ID. Flint. at that time one OF the most
prosperous business men IA Water
town. Flint was her brother.
Film, lived in the largest house in
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1909-03-18

the view at o-ginnins -s- aovement
for such a reunion % Us
Resolved los the su-.t.ors OF the
philadelphia Brigade. Tha- We unite iu
recommending 90 the comIaud ers-in
chief OF the Grand Army 80 the Re
public and the United Confederate Vet
Grams that they 90 noW begin the
work necessary 20 sing about such
reunion; and.
Whereas. il IS espec -ally desirable
that the survivors OF SAe Union and
Confederate armies. Who took part in
the battle OF Gettysburg. shall be
brought together upon this occasion
IL Is. therefore. fGrther
Resolved, That We veQues. he COM
manders- in-chief OF the 6 a X. and
I. C. v. TO promptly brine Ills matter
10 the conslde ration 81 che Governors
OF the eighteen Northern and eleven
Southern Sattes. represented IN that
battle By soldiers from their respective
States IN order that provision may
be made for taking The survivors Of
that battle 60 the historic neld of Get
tysburg
Resolved, That IL is deemed advisa-
bic that the reunion shall continue
tor the three days corresponding with
the battle, and We recommend that the
orator for the first day shall be the
c0mmander-in -chief o9 The Grand
Army OF the Republic For the sec
ond day the eOmmandef-irl-ehie Of
the United Confederate Veterans. and
that the President OF The United States
be requested 10 deliver the Grafton or
the third day Of The reonion-
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1909-03-18

the city and close to &c he built "a
small cottage for his sister He gave
her TWO servants. and for five years
she lived there iu ease and comfort
Flint never even limited 10 his most
intimate friends that the old woman
was Josie Mansfield. and he died with
out disclosing the secret
When she first came here the woman
was almost helpless paralytic She
gradually recovered strength and viz
or however. and gave herself 10 deeds
or charity She went about in a car
riage. helping the poor. and for that
WOrk vas supplied literally with mon
ey by her brother.
Two years ago Flint died RE had
tailed 20 assign the cottage 70 his
sister His estate vas found % be
involved and only a small amount re-
NAMED after all creditors had been
satisfied. The woman lived sparingly
or that remnant until about three
months ago, when she came to the
end OF her resources. Sne had made
many friends here and they offered
assistance. At first she refused but
nnally she was forced 10 accept
Her identity was made Known bv an
old commercial traveller. who recog-
nized her By the traces OF the beauty
that cost Fisk his life and blasted
the career OF Stokes. Despite the ef-
iect or the paralysis. which has been
growing on her steadily for the last
year. she still preserves distinction
or face and an attraction which seems
To defy time itself She broke down
when informed her story was known.
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1909-03-18
5OTH ANNIVERSARY
OF GETTYSBURG
BIue and Gray Reunion at Phiiadei-
phin Planned 20 Celebrate the
Resolutions Are
Passed

PHILADELPHIA. - Special - The
Philadelphia Brigade Association,
composed Of survivors OF the Sixty
ninrh. Seventy-first, Seventy second
ana One Hundred and Sixth Regiments
Of Pennsylvania Volunteers. who par
ticipated In the battle of Gettysburg.
have passed the following resolutions
in reference 90 the forthcoming re-
union Of the Confederate and Union
veterans on the occasion OF the fiftieth
anniversary OF that battle:
Philadelphia. March 2. 1908.
Whereas. the hfueth anniversary Of
the battle OF Gettysburg is approach
iRg ard.
Whereas, that anniversary VIII form
a htttng occasion for reunion OF the
survivors OF the Civil War. a reunion
OF eNe Riue and Graz, such as never
has eeen Witnessed on any battlefield
in The history OF the world, and with
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1909-03-18
FLAG or VIRGINIA
FLOAT TO CHINA

XII HMOND. VA-Special Adm
tant-General Anderson has sent a
handsome Virginia State dag 10
OhSrles DENLY. the American consul
general az Shanghai. China. for use b,
the American volunteer company in
mat city. The company consists 81
sixty American citizens. including
Consul DENLY. and was organized for
tne protection. OF the American resi-
dents la Shanhai
IN MS letter requesting that the com
Pany Dc furnished with the Virginia
ecloTs, Consul DeBby stated that h.
vas the purposc OF the company 10
use the nag on all American national
holidays, on the occasion Of the yisif
10 Shanghai OF distinguished Ameri-
cans. and az balls and public enter
talnmeuts under the auspices OF the
American colony.
The nag Is OF the regulation size and
color and has the Virginia coat o. arms
In the centre.
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1909-03-18
STATE MONUMENTS TO
WOMEN OF THE CONEEDERACY

The women o. the Southern Confef-
eracy. God bless them Now the South
VIII. az last. honor them For some
years a movement has been progress
lne throughout the South. Co paw q
tribute 70 their GCdlikc hcroism. and
~ ~ SOW eliminating in success. IL is
proposed 20 erect in each State OF the
Soutb monument 20 those glorious
women. n woulC be useless 20 at
tempt 70 measure out 90 them full
Justice. or even go show the SOuths
complete appreciation SuCa would be
neToRo the powers CT men While
shafts have arisen iu every part OF
the South Co the heroism of the men.
who most vaiiantly bautled fo~ the
Southern Confidence. yet but one.
modest monument at Fort Mll. s c.
has been erected 20 pcrpetuate the
ewes greater fame 81 IFS self-sacrifc-
ing devoted. peerless Women. Thank
COD that this stigma viii not much
longer rest upon O grateful people.
Plans OF the Work.
Thc plan adopted was Co secure the
Hecel for a typical and most highly
artistic figure and two expressive alto
RELICS. and from the models 90 have
bronze replicas or duplicates cast. SO
III.
set. After continued and exhaustive
thought and labor these models have
bees completed The bronzes are thor
QUICKLY typical Of ;he most prominent
features OF the Confederate woman's
sublime part il The drama OF war
She Is portrayed as the inspirer Of
deecEs " vBlor and patriotism. the
nurse tn the wounded and the sup
porter Of the home The artist Nj
Louis Anatefs. At Italian sculptor
nov living IN Washington. ID c.. has
most artisttcaliy placed IL In immor-
tai hronae This work OF his places
him among the greatest artists OF this
age HIS name. his fame VIII ever live
ia association u-ith this magnificent
triogte 10 our noble women
Woman's Inspiration.
Tae crowning figure is statue 81
the Confederate woman-classfcall
Sarbed- Patriotism and devotion beams
from her beautiful lofty. inspired
face. The fsce not soft or lasciYious
out truly. highly. purely strongly wo-
manly. gentle yet determined and ir-
spfred. The attitude is superrls eA-
pressive OF the sentiments which
spirituaizes the face With one hand
she extends the beloved fag 81 the
tonfcueracy and With the other a
5r-.-r s,y,-5 r. -f.s... .t.
uaily seems 60 speak Co her defenders
say rEs ciOriousiY follow this flag bear
h-,,,s,. -. .-....- 49,.
D, vonr gC,,,,-,. --,.-.,... -t
piv ..rrect =, h ,.,,.-,,.. ,.,,,.,..,,
~ tbo ,-r,,ev ,.r, -..f. .t. liz.
sae.,ss ~ 49, eo,,.n ..,...,i.
Woman a. Nurse.
Tse Alto-reIief plate ron tho Rat-
tleheid shows the Confederate NO
maa ia her tender m.uisfratious to
the wounded the nurse In rhe ceu-
ter foreground woman SITS with
wounded soldier resting cu her lau as
With gentle hands She binds his gan-
ing wound OF perchauce brushes the
death damp from his brow Around
her RACES the battle with its dead
scattered on the h.ld aud the columns
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1909-03-18

each state. from the cost g. 000 the
amount heretofore contributed GA each
state VII be- deducted. and tho hal
ance Nill De- the amuunt necessary
tor che people of each state fo con-
tribute. to enable their State to secure
the bronres
How Much Money Each state Co Raise
To receive for erection "a bronr.
casting of tne womans figure ana fhe
TWO aito- relief tablets the people of
eacn state must nen raise the amount
Opposite tan name ot faeIr State. s.
follows
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1909-03-18

ana expressed the hope chat she would
hud shelter behind the walls OF
convent
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1909-03-18

Unless you have a reputation as a
nshter you can't aford 20 pose as a
psacemaker.-Ch3cago News.
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1909-03-18

When widow tells a man he Is @dif-
terent that's his cue 20 sir uD and take
notice.
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1909-03-18

ne above poys only for the bronses
ne cost OF the pedestal and erection
must De- added OF course each state
can determine for itself how elaho-at,
such a pedestal NAV 81 Tf IA b..
ileFed that the peopel OF any stat.
having paid for these highly artistic
oronzes whose lesson viii D. Of in
calcuiaoie benefit 20 ia people and
~lth great propriety appeal 90 thu
80 islAture Tor an appropriation OF
tLu.ovv or $4,000 or $4,000. OF such
amount a. may Do necessary ~ 49,.
a suitable pedestal. II * not Doaslhi.
that any state or the South uill even
hesitate 90 make most liberal appro-
priation 90 honor its heroic Daughtsrs
Virginia gazette. [volume] (Williamsburg, Va.) 1893-192?, 1909-03-18
Duty Veterans and SOas.

To the various Confederate saaa-a-
lions 81 each state. most na-+ic,,l,-t,,
the sons OF Veterans uho have nm
d"rtaken the conduct 90 The work 80
iar and The Veterans themselves. who
So Well know what the women did ana
how much they deserve. and have dome
So much already FOR the WORK. Ia CON,
mltted the raising or their states
quota. They are directly responsible
Tor The success of the movement ir
their respective States Xi-rtnlans
must see that Virginia has her Uon
en monument ana Alahauftrs thar
her patriotic Daughters are honorad
'n and hF their state The various
state ORGANIZATIONS Will Be- called unun
TOT committees to CARRY cn this work
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-08-31

First published in the Guthrie Leader,
Aug IS 1907
Notice of nnual meeting OF the stock
solders of THE BAIRD RAILWAY
STEEL TIE COMPANY. INCORPO.
RATED
Notice is hereby given that the An
rual Meeting OF the Stockholders of
The Baird Railway S eel Tie Company.
"a Corporation duly organized and
chartered under the laws Of the Ter
ritory Of oklahoma. will be held as
provided by the by avs Of said com
pony on the first Saturday of Septem-
Der, 1909, being SATURDAY. SEP
HFN8ER 4TH. 1905. at Thirty Min
V,es after Eight O'clock p. m. at
Room s Dewey Block. in the City OF
Guthrie Oklahoma, for the purpose
of electlng not less than Three ca am
not more than Eleven On Directors.
ae said meeting shall determine. aud
40. to perform amy and an other hus.
ness that may come boytrc said meet
ing
Dated at Guthrie OkDhoma. August
18th, a. ID. 1909
ARCHIE NJ BAIRD.
President.
tSeal) WM H. HOLMES.
Secretary.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-08-31
The New Oklahoma Road Law.

The New Oklahoma Road Law
1t is now ready. The new road Law
Just passed by the legislature. bounl
10 pamphlet f0rm. Price 25 cents for
single copies. Better prices given in
quantities This IS an entirely nos
and complete law aud repe3ls ali other
road laws heretofore existing and
should be in the hands of everyone
who is Interested in good roads. order
'ow and iamiiiafize Yourself with me
aew law. Sent TO amy address upo
receipt Of 25 cents Ia money or stamps
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-08-31
TOWEL SUPPLY.

J d. CRAYS, Proprietor.
Towels and Aprons of all kinds fur
nlshcd at very reasonable rates. Sec
me before you buy J. d Crays
PHONE NO. 6t0.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-08-31
The NEW GAME LAW
= = y . 9 q . @ @ q Q
FORM ONE MORE HAST

: You have probably sot ye {
0 formed enough habits. 1t is {
. likely that you would find the {
0 "ad Answering habit dividend {
. paying one-and one that would c
0 never lure you far away from the c
0 best thrittcreed ever devised. {
0 A habit IS usually formed {
O through yielding to natural incli- {
0 nation. The ad-answ wering habit {
. will have to be cultivated per. {
o haps against present inclination, c
. and through an effort OF Will. {
O You are not in the habit Of say. {
0 ing impossible" are your {
0 0 O o o o O O @ O @ O o o 0 {
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-08-31
LADY WANTED

10 introduce our large and com.
plote Fall line OF beautiful wool
dress goods, silks and fancy waist
ings The latest up to date New
York city patterns lIandsomest
line of materials on the market.
Dealing direct with the mills you will
md our prices low Profits $40 90
20 $50 % weekly. Samples and full
instructions packed in neat sample
case. shipped express prepaid. No
money required Exclusive territory.
Write for particulars. BE first 10 ap.
ply. Standard Dress Goods Co, Dept
rs, Binghamton. X. Y.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-08-31
tlirst published in Daily Leader August
-, 1909
STATE SCHOOL OF MINES AND
METALLURGY
Mflburfon ni1,

STATE SCHOOL OF MINES AND
METALLuRGY.
WHburton. Okla.
The state Board of Public Affairs win
receive sealed proposals. until twelve
O'Clock noon, September 20 1909 for
the erection ana completion of the Ore
Dressing and Metalurgy building com
plete, and for the ground or basement
story Of the main Lecture aud Laboratory
building Of the School Of Mines and
Metallurgy in the State of Oklahoma. To
be built at Wilbur.on. Oklahoma. in strict
accordance with the plans specification
and details as furnished by Howe & Holt
Architects. Kansas Cit. No to be
erected under the supervision of the
state Board Of Public Affairs, conforming
20 the conditions Of addcnda TO specific
cations and notifications Of the plans
IS well rs the terms of proposal and
contract.
Plans and Specifications may be seen
at the office Of the President. Dr. Geo.
E. Ladd, Wilburton. the office Of the
State Board of Public Affairs. the office
of the Architect of the state Board of
Public Affairs at Guthrie and the office
of Howe & Holt. Kansas city Mo.
All proposals shall be submitted on
each building separately ana in dupl-
cate ou forms furnished to actual bidders
by thu Arehi'ecl for the state Board OF
Public Affairs. and no proposal submit.
ted other than ou iHis form VIII have
consideration
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-08-31
LEGAL NOTICES.
N-I~e~s-e~1Fr----~N-1~l
lFitst Published iu Daily Leader
August III tgUgl
ANNUAL REPORT COMMISSIONER
or LABOR

Bids Will be received ID the office
of the state Board of Public Affairs
up until noon August 80. 1903, for
printing and binding one thousand
copies of the Annual Report Of the
Commissioner of Labor SpeciEca-
lions are on file at the office OF the
State Board of Public Affairs. GutA-
rie and may be obtained upon appli
cation to he Secretary
Tho Po7rd reserves the right TO re.
ject any o, a.. bids ll-3t
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-08-31
, Q o o 0 o o o O o o o . Q o {

, 70 some people. opportunity" {
, is merely q word, used by essay
, lists, poets and ad-writers. 70
. ad-readers and answerers, how {
, ever. the word has more fully de I
@ fVed itself
9 l.. you nave read and answered
O more ads this last month than In [
Q any other like period OF your lie,
@ you have made some important
Q strides forward n 4 business way
.
e s e . q o o o o o O o o o O
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1909-08-31
Oklahoma state Manual


Oklahoma state Manual
The Oklahoma State Manual for
1909 is now ready Il is an encyclo-
pcdia of statistical information. Gives
names OF all the state and county Of
ficers their postoffice addresses.
county judicial congressional and
senatoria' districts. names and ad.
dress Of members Of Constitutions.
Albuquerque citizen. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1907-1909, 1909-05-20
CUT ALL WIRES
AND MAKE ESCAPE
Many Murders Have Been Com
mitted on Range Which Has
Long Been In Dispute
Between Sheep and
Cattle RdiSerS

Grand Junction, Col, May 2O.-As
result of a battle between the sheep
men and the cowboys on the contest
ed range near Atche, Col, yesterday
5000 head of sheep were killed and
two sheepmen injured.
According to the reports that were
received here today the cowboys dash
ed in upon the herders, tied them to
the trees, then rode among the sheep
and killed them, consuming the en-
tire day in their wholesale slaughter.
In order then to keep the news
from leaking out, the cowboys cur all
telephone and telegraph wires and
then made their escape IN the hills,
leaving the herders tied to the trees
where they were found sevcrai hours
afterwards
The range upon which the crime
was committed had long been contest
ed and several murders have been
committed from time 10 time iu quar-
rels over the right to use II. It is
located in an isolated section of west
ern Colorado.
The guilty participants IN the act
may never be apprchended, although
the authorities have taken up the
trails they took in their flight, and
will use every effort TO run them
down.
Albuquerque citizen. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1907-1909, 1909-05-20
COAST ARTILLERY TO
HOLD tXAMINAT TIURS
Vacancies 20 be Filled of Second Lieu
tenants i'm the Coast Service Ex-
aminations Very Rigid.

orders have been received by the
adjutant general of the territory to
conduct examinations on the 18th of
July, for vacancies in the position of
second lieutenant in the coast ar
tillery corps Several members of the
New Mexico militia are preparing for
this examination. Under the condi-
tions specified, the questions will be
placed in the hands of examining
boards from the regular army. The
subjects included are international
law, the constitution of the United
States. electricity, mechanics and
chemistry with the optional subjects
of higher mathmatics mechanics and
electricity. Diplomas from recognized
institutions will be honored. The ex-
aminations are rigid, and include GER
tificates as to the moral character of
the applicants. The appointments are
made subject to appointments of
graduates of West Point and the men
of the coast service who pass the
examination.
Albuquerque citizen. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1907-1909, 1909-05-20
) = . . . . . = . = . = = .

Charlotte.~ n. c.. May 20.-Presi-
dent Taft's presence at Charlotte to-
day lent notable interest to the an
nual celebration of the signing of the
Mecklenberg declaration of inde-
pendence which it is claimed was
the first step toward liberty by the
American col3nists.
The Mecklenberg declaration of in
dependence has long been the sub
iect of a most stubborn controversy
1t is declared by the supporters of it,
that it antedates the famous declara-
ton of independence Of July 4. 1916,
and has also been repeatedly de-
nounced by many as a myth.
Great interest was centered in
take toward the Mecklenberg declara-
ton which was that regardless of the
exact language of the original dec
iaration the copy of which was de-
stroyed by fire, the fact remains that
there was a declaration on the part
of the citizens of North Carolina.
He pointed out that one of the most
important things that is connected
with it is the ability of the Anglo
Saxons to rule the impressive way they
went about il and the manner in
which they maintained and guarded
civil liberty.
The date of the Mecklenberg dec
laratlon is given as May 20, 1875,
and since 1925 the people of North
Carolina have been observing the
day as the day of the first American
independence and is a day of gem
eral celebration.
After the main celebrations of the
DAY have been concluded. President
Taft will at o'clock deliver an ad-
dress to the colored citizens of this
city for which elaborate preparations
have been made.