The citizen. (Honesdale, Pa.) 1908-1914, 1909-11-12
TEACHERS INSTITUTE
NOW in SESSION
Held In the New High School Audi
COrium-Instructiv Speakers
Fine Weather and Q Sue
cess in Every Detail.

| al exercises were conducted by Rev.
w. H. Swift of the Presbyterian
church. After music, DR.. Schmucker
spoke on "The Meaning of Flower"
Know the purpose of each part of
the flower. Use a microscope in or
der to study each part. The speak
er illustrated the subject of fertili-
zation and the use of the parts by
description and illustrations of the
nasturtium.
DR.. Rigdon's subject was 1.-THE
Study of Grammar"
English Grammar is the most diff
ficult thing to learn or to teach In
our public school course. Mathe-
matical facts are absolutely fixed.
Language is continually growing
and changing. Sentences may have
more than one meaning.
In order to correct a mistake we
must know the principle of Gram
mar and be able to apply it. We
must proceed from the stage of un-
conscious error through conscious
correctness to unconscious correct
ness.
| DR.. Rigdon spoke first in the after
noon on Physical Efficiency" We
emphasize the training of the mind.
The body ought to have little
more attention than most of US give
to it. A sound body is worth more
than lands or bank accounts. We
should give our attention to being
well. Health is something we should
think of as duty; we have no right
to be sick when it is at all possible
to be well. Every disease that
shows itself is contagious. Nervous
ness is contagious in the schoolroom.
An ugly voice will be copied by the
children.
There are five things to think of
in trying to keep well-food, air and
exercise, bathing and sleep. There
are more people killed by over-eat-
ing than by starvation. Fresh air
is the main source of health
Breathing good, pure air in a proper
way will help to right living. Sleep
is the thing that builds up the body
better than anything science knows
about.
DR.. Schmucker continued his in
struction on Nature Study. A
theory of nature study in a single
sentence. Nature study is the study
of Nature. You cannot get it from
books or by listening to lectures.
The first thing to overcome In this
study is fear. We have fear of the
living things. When we get ac-
quainted with the insects and other
living things we shall learn not to
be afraid of them. There are only
two poisonous snakes known in this
=. country, the rattlesnake and the
adder, and they are very scarce in
most localities.
A new and pleasant feature of
Tuesday afternoon was the visit of
the G. A. r. Post. 1.-THE Star Span
gled Banner" was sung as a greet
ing to the soldiers, after which Post
Bugler John Fischer sounded "The
Assembly" Post Commander Will
son then gave an outline of the
causes of the war, the army organi-
zation, and methods of operation.
The lowest unit of organization was
the company, with three commits
stoned officers and ninety-eight en-
listed men, commanded by captain.
Next was the regiment, consisting of
ten companies of infantry, or twelve
of cavalry, commanded by a colonel
Next was the brigade, consisting OF
several regiments, the number de-
pending on their strength, and COM
manded by brigadier-general. The
usual number of regiments in a bri-
gade was four; but Warren's bri-
gade, at the battle of Gaines's Mill
had only two; other brigades had
three. During the last year of the
war, after the regiments had been
"bled down to quarter size," as the
losses were described by the men
in the ranks, there were brigades
with from six to eight regiments
Next was the division, commanded
by a major-general. 1t usually con-
sisted of three brigades, but some
times a fourth was added. Next was
, the army corps, commanded also by
major-general. This usually con
sisted of three divisions; but some
times a fourth was temporarily
added; and in McClellan's Chicka
hominy campaign, upon the organi
. zatiou of the provisional 9th and 6tt
corps, every corps was cut down tt
! two divisions. In connection will
e this, two sheets of canvas, each si1
r feet by nine, were suspended on the
: wall. On one of these were painted
C the corps badges of the army of thu
Potomac, and the corps, divis
r ion and brigade headquarters flags
9 The first corps badge was a disc, thu
g second a clover leaf or trefoil, thu
y third a diamond; these were jocular
5 ly called the bull'seye, the ace O
: clubs, and the ace of diamonds. TIL,
y fifth corps badge was a Maltes,
Q cross, the sixth a Greek cross, tn,
8 ninth a shield, on which were q can
9 non and foul anchor" the eleventh
( a crescent, and the twelfth a Ave
Q pointed star. These were worn oI
d the caps, and their color varied will
/ the division; those of the first di