davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-06-26
FOR GOOD BUTTER MAKING

Work the salt into the butter thor
ouehly. but do not work it long enough
to break the grain and make the butter
salvy.
An English authority on butter max
Ing claims that adding ono pound OF
salt to every gallon of cream imme =
diately after it Is taken off the milk
aids In ripening the cream and gives
from 10 TO 20 per cent more butter
than from cream that has no salt in it,
The buttermilk is, Of course, useless,
contains so much salt. but its loss is
more than made up by the large guam
tity and better quality of butter. it is
claimed. Has anybody tried 1t over
here?
To prevent the taste of turnipS in
the butter from COWS fed on them, a
western creamery practices the fol-
lowing method: Put the cream into a
vessel and place in hot water at 200
degrees, When the cream reaches a
temperature of 1f5 or $50 degrees set
the cream dish in cold water to cool IL.
Experiments seem to show that the
longer the interval between milking the
poorer the milk The milk is impover-
ished by the absorption of the fats
after it is Secrcted.
If milk which has been set for some
time and on which the cream has part
ly raised is stirred the cream never
raises again fully. so there is a consid-
cradle loss Of butter from 1t.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-06-26

have failed on account Of nor dotn,,
thls' Proper firming of the soil helms
10 exclude the air from the roots and
prevents the plants from drying up.
In sections where irrigation 10 no+
practiced plants are preferably trans
planted during a rainy spell II tbis
cannot be taken ADVANTAGES of n u,iII
oe necessary to water the plants bv
hand until they are established WI,
uoins this do 1t thoroughly: q uttlo
water Is sometimes nearly as bad as
none "
III moving the young plants from the
peo 20 the held and until set out
sHoulu De protected from the rays
''e sun 10 prevent willing This
pto'ection can be given by wrapping
the roots up in a wet sack or carrvine
~ ,he helo In bucket or tub with a
n''ie water In the bottom to keen the
loo's MOST When digging the plants
'u' u 'ne seed bed use a shovel or
9p"uc ana avoid breaking Off as many
iootS DIS possible 1t is also better to
Wo' tle ned tlrst. II the plants are
very tall IL will be well 10 cut off .
par Oh INC TOP This operation viii
not hurt the plant and helps 10 keen
'' "'i'i''6' dS IL prevents excessive
evaporation of moisture from the plant
through the leaves
Before transplanting the soil should
DC Wei prepared. being properly fined
ana leVeled' Plants usually take root
more quickly in freshly stirred soil
-Nitcr the land has been properly pre-
pared mark of tho rows where the
plants arc to be set This may be done
IL IL is desired to plant on ridges with
q plow; IT on the level by a marker
one thing to keep in mind is to make the
rows straight and the proper dIstqnce
apart 1t never pays TO crowd plants
l3y so doing crop inferior in oualit,
is liable to be produced.
Transplanting can nearly ALWAYS bc
successfully done with most plants II
the proper care Is observed. Some or
the things to keep in mind arc; Dir
plants carefully protect them from the
sun after digging until transplanted
supply plenty of water TO transplante6
plants, set the plants properly in the
hole and firm the soil around the roots
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-06-26
KILLING MUTTON SHEEP

The work OF killing and dressing q
sheep Is a little more difficult than
dressing a hog. but when the art Is
thoroughly mastered the work Is speed
lily and easily done.
Sheep 1 intend to kill arc removed
from the rest OF the flock from eight
put them in a rather close, dark pen
without food, so as to allow the storn- :
ach and entralls to clean.
In killing the sheep. / put 1t on its
left side in a V-shaped trough about
a foot and half above the ground.
1 tie the feet and place the animal
so that its head will extend beyond the
end of the trough. 1 place one hand
on the back of the neck and the other
under the Jaw. Thcn, by quick mo-
ton | break its neck to end all suf-
fering.
The animal is not only rendered un-
conscious by breaking its neck. but 1T
will bleed more copiously after being
stuck.
AS soon as tho neck Is broken stick
the animal with a sharp knife just
back of the ear, being sure TO sever
both juguIar veins. / cut through the
bat am careful not to sever
the rullet, as its contents would come
up and spoil the flavor OF the meat.
After killing the sheep. 1 start skin
1ing on the hind legs. insert gambrel
md hang up tho same as with hogs.
never let the wool touch the meat
md am careful not to cut into It, I
ct the knife slip down sideways and
Keep 1t clean by frequently dipping it
n water
After the skin is pulled from the hind
egs it is dubbed" off with a short,
!loan stick
In removing the entrails, I split the
mmal down the belly from tail to
,reast bone. being careful not to cut
he entrails.
I divide the hams with a sharp knife
nd when the carcass Is spread open
o cool 1 wash it off by throwing a
ucket of clean, cold water over it,
tier which 1t is ready to cut up.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-06-26
KEROSENE VERY USEFUL

Every day almost we arc findln, out
now uses for simple thines-and fow
furnish better material than kerosene
Ihe latest is that it will clean q clocl,
perfectly. 'Placo n piece OF cotton
saturated with kerosene in tho bottoro
OIL a clock and shut ii up four dave "
an eAchange. AT the end of that
tlme the cotton Will be black with dirt
"u 'ne work DONE clock which
nSd peen silent for a number of years
ana ocned the attempts OF the best
inachlnist OF the family was given tho
test' so skeptical were we that it was
lorSotten until week had olapsod
inc cotton was not much soiled-
"hich only decreased our faith Rut
the clock was wound. started and ha g
gone merrily every since
y nelGhbor claimed that she cleaned
ohe oil the small clocks which have mo
way oil opening up the works nv soal.-
hIs II 10 Kerosene. Whether the fumos
d thc kerosene would be equally euc-
te9Slul with a watch and vet not In
iuTe II III any way is yet to be seen
II machine of any sort has become
sunltned and needs cleaning koroscno
Niu DO the work quickly and thorouch
y lubricating oil should bo addod
iiter the dirt Is removed.
II screw has rusted In and roeroo.
90 turn. pour little Kerosene ora,,,,a
~ let 1t stand for a fcH moments o,'l
uy again. ana
10 remove machine grease from ~,
hands, wash in Kerosene ana a.. '''e
soap and warm water Korosa,,' - u.
sAcellent Tor cleaning wash basins 10 =,
time, but should be used snarI1y % eVery
paint-B. L. p. i''eS OF
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-06-26
SHEEPFOLO WISDOM

| The ewes and lambs should be kept
separate from the rest of the flock
until the youngsters are weaned.
Many farmers think this is unneces-
Sary, but our experience Is that both
lambs and ewes prosper better If they
arc not subjected to annoyance by the
rams, wethers and barren ewes Of tho
general flock.
The lamb knows its mother by her
voice only, but she knows her OFT
spring by smell. This Is why a eve
can be forced TO accept her own off
spring by holding her or combining her
head in Stanchion while the lamb
SuckleS. After a day OF two the lamb
knows Its mothers voice and she be-
comes accustomed TO the smell of her
lamb and no further trouble follows.
This ability OF the lamb to distin-
guish It's mothers voice, even in
large flock is quite remarkable. We
have seen a lamb go direct to its
mother when called. although there
were hundreds of lambs and ewes
bleating vigorously at the same time.
After the lamb is a week or so old
1t seldom if ever makes a mistake in
Its mothers voice.
One thing should be remembered as
OF great importance-thc vent, alton cf
the lambing barn. II should be kept
warm. but the ventilation
must be as nearly perfect as Gun lie.
Lambs arc tender things ana cuic;oly
suffer from the effects OF bad cir The
barn must be perfectly dry also as
wet moldy straw or muddy floors viii
cause disease to attack the youngsters
and prevent their proper start and de-
yelopmcnt.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-06-26

cream and butter, or plenty OF ice and
a refrigerator, | would advise you not
TO make butter in summer time.
| II may be n hardship for some house
wives to give up the pittance they get
for country buttsr" but l believe that
even woman Is entitled TO a fair
compensation for her labor. The same
milk, time and work that arc put into
ordinary butter making under favor
able conditions, | believe, would give
better returns il devoted to growing
calves. pigs and poultry. and if the
returns from the calves. pigs and poul-
try would be given to tho farm wife
for her very own, as the butter money
is. the results would be stil better.
IL YOU insist on making butter in a
small way, then I beg of you to supply
yourself with the necessary appliances
for doing 1t we'll and put your product
on the market in the best possible con-
dtlon.
There is a gap between the producer
and the consumer that needs to be
looked after. Neither the milk pro-
ducer. the creamery nor tho private
dairymen arc responsible for all the
rancid and ill-navored butter which
reaches the consumer
The purest and sweetest butter made
can be inoculated I'm a few hours with
destructive bacteria and nauseating
odors while in the hands Of the gro
ceryman and commission house. Let us
have inspection of creamerics and
dairies in the interest OF public health
and let us also insist that the inspection
include Ice boxes. refrigerators, cellars
and back rooms Of the grocery stores,
where dairy products and food products
are stored and handled.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-06-26
KING OF ROVERS 72O76
DO NOT FORGET THAT

IL great temptation TO rush the
work these first warm days; but VIC
may do the soft teams great harm by
giving them heavy tasks before thev
become seasoned. Better go a bit SLOW
II YOU arc going to paint your house
YOU should wait till the heavy sprine
rains are over or it may be expenajve
Ihunderstorms are coming R,n q
ground wire from the wire fence into
the earth about two feet The rround
wires ought TO be placed twelve or
htteen feet apart. but every fiftv foot
VIII do. Animals are often killed hv
lightning while standing near wire
fences ""9
n thermometer is not of much usa
except as a matter OF satisfaction hut
d barometer tells when storms or fan
Ing weather is coming and that Is neH,s
worth money-particularly In harvest
time 'Ei 'Se'
Sulphur burned in the pouItr, bor.o
when the doors and windows arc sb,,t
Kills every mite and louse. The burn
ing should commence now and he 70
peated every month in the wear Pa
careful to keep tho hens out and to-
out yourself tin the place is U,ou
cleared by half hour OF fresh air
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-06-26
SAVING DECAYING TREES

The formA method of working In
failing trees with cement was never
successful fer several reasons. One
was that tho cement seldom II ever
adhered to the wood. so the swaying
by wind of the tree very generally
made larger the treated crack between
It and the wood.
Water penetrated beyond the filling.
so the decay increased rather more
rapidly than before attempting a
remedy.
The improved idea is in removing
from the interior all of the rottinr
mass. There remains only a living
shell Of sapwood and bark. and into
this cavity a steel brace is nicely in
serted and bolted in place.
The next important step is to cut
watcrsheds-preventlng any moisture
from entering. There are deep grooves
cut about one inch inside the edge and
opening out to the ground below. Ce-
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-06-26
GARDENING MADE INTERESTING

In recent issue some experiment,
were outlined that would show tn,
growth OF peas and beans. with tn,
suggestion that a note book record oil
later developments would be very inter
esting. The suggestion is so good thai
1T Is worth repeating and enlargine
Tor such study Is wonderfully fascinat
ing
II the beans YOU arc watching happier
TO be of tho pole" variety. watch the
way they climb their pole and ther
watch the other vines and note the
dlilerence in the way they twine-
some going always toward the sun and
others the opposite direction.
All vines ha@Ja wonderful fascina-
ton when one begins TO study their
habits. for their ways OF working seem
as intelligent and their movements as
voluntary as those OF a person-but
they must be watched to learn these
things
Another interesting study is the re-
latonship Of plants. Not every boy
knows that the onions he Is growing In
the vegetable garden are full cousins
to the hyacinths and lilies In the flower
garden. There are more than a thou
sand members in this circle of relatives
and they VIII be found in very unex-
pected places.
a third line OF study that holds many
surprises Is the various kinds of seed
formation-the way they are produced
and scattered. There may be some sur
prlses, too. in trying to learn how
many of our foods and drinks are
merely seeds prepared in various ways
Not only food, but clothes as well
show up some surprises when they are
really thought about. When a boy is
reminded that his straw hat and his
cotton shirt grew in the field he sees
them with new eyes and probably be-
gins to trace other belongings back
to their origin-Farm World.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-06-26
cow PEA Is VALUABLE

The cow pea hay is very rich In
protein and Is regarded as being nearly
as valuable, pound for pound. for feed
as wheat bran.
Several times I have planted COW
peas between corn hills with a hand
corn planter just after the corn was up.
The cultivation of the corn also cul-
tivatcS the peas and they make good
growth without inturinG the corn Tho
ground IS made richer in nitrogen for
the growing OF the peas and they make
better seed than when they are SSWn
broadcast.
Some make the mistake OF sowing
COW peas on weedy land AS the peas
do not make much growth FOR few
weeks after they are sown the weeds
get tho start OF them, and the result Is
a failure.
The COW pea is a southern plant and
requires warm season to make its
best growth.-A J. Legg.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-06-26
VEGETABLE TRANSIT Lam TING
Much Care and Attention Is Re-
guired to Compensate for
the Shock in Moving.
By J. {. MUNDELL.
Now Mexico College df Agriculture,

Moving plants from one locality to an
other is more or less OF Violent OPP
Grafton, BY the process the plant is
deprived OF quito number OF its feed
ing roots and for time is cut off from
its water supply; consequently it is
necessary to exercise considerable care
with the plant until 1t again becomes
established in the soil TO help
insure this an abundant supply of
moisture in tho soil at all times Is es-
sential to keep the plant from whiting
and incIJc it to take hold of the soil
quickly. In sections where irrigation is
practiced the transplapted plants
should be irrigated Immediately after
settling, and frequently afterward until
danger OF their drying out is passed.
This can be told by the plnnts freshen-
ing up and starting new leaves. 1t is
also very essential in setting the plants
out to firm the soil well around the
roots. This is very important and
should not be neglected. Many plants
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-06-26
MAKING COUNTRY BUTTER
1t Is Decided Waste of Time
to Make Any but the Very
Best Product.
7T7r7WEF1

II Is not profitable under any con-
ditions TO make country butter" II
you cannot make a good product and
place it on the market so as to COM
mand the price OF good butter. don't
make any. IL you have the ability to
make a good article. secure the price
to which its quality entities it by put
ting in up in neat. clean. attractive
packages, with your brand upon 1t.
II you sell through q grocer. sec that
he does not ruin the flavor OF your
butter by putting it in an insanitary
ice box OF that he does not inoculate
it with rancid butter or other bacteria
infected articles before it reaches tho
consumer otherwise your reputation as
q butter maker is ruined.
II you have ten OF more cows or five
genuine dairy cows. ii will pay you to
use a separator Your Dream Will be
in better condition and the milk will
be fresh and sweet for feeding calves
or pigs. Unless you have an abundance
of pure, cool we'll water conveniently
located to cool tho milk and keep the
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-06-26

mont is packed tightly into grooves.
forming a channel down which the wa
ter flows.
The cavity is afterward wired
throughout thoroughly
The cement is worked moist and
built out In the tree shape. Any bark
that is cut away for an inch or two
IN ofder 10 prevent bruising as the fill
iS n 10 III progress viii soon cover the
nlieu spot SO a passerby can scarcely
detect the wound at all
IN very large cavities the opening
is covered by utilizing large strips of
zinc. '' -
nature helps in this kind OF now
work in trees. for the place soon heals
over. 'ieeiS
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-06-26
MEAT MEAL OFTEN RANCID

Poultry meats In tho dried form are
made from hotel scraps, broken down
animals, slaughter refuse. fer
tilizer tankage, etc. In every case.
nearly. there is chance that the ma
terlals become tainted before cooking.
with resulting high favor if no worse.
In addition to this 1t is the case that
various brands differ so much in quail
lty that it is necessary TO be familiar
with the brand or to have accurate In
formation respecting it or one cannot
feed IL intellisently.
One popular brand claims guar
antced analysis of 40 per cent. | sent
samples OF another which did not guar
antce any analysis to our experiment
station and it was reported TO carry
60 per cent Of protein. The brands
differ widely in fat content also There
IS ono brand of dry poultry meat on
tho market which IS supposed TO be
composed of liver only. One would cx-
pcct il to be high in protein. ! do not
think that this is claimed for it, how
ever, Theoretically ii ought TO fur
nish the very best OF poultry meat,
but it is very hard to distinguish from
dirt when ground, and this is true of
sum" olutI DldluS ~ lp lilc lIBtI POI
ton. Often, too, there is wool or hair
mixed with the meat. and this must
be detrimental.
Poultry keepers arc rather keen for
hazlcts. which are never in large sup
ply in our locality. In these they get
liver. with other meat and some waste
The largest poultry farm l ever visited
used hazlets, boiling them and mixing
the mash with the hot liquid in which
they were boiled. The Australian con-
test people used boiled liver twice d
week and no other meat.
This is not heavy feeding. appar-
emily. yet they got results so good that
thirty-tl five out Of 500 were lost from
excessive laying" and if I understand
the language OF the report the heat
deaths also had this trouble as n basis
One may get deodorizcd bloodmeal
and avoid the fat. bone and strong
odor objections to tho ordinary meal,
but this Is so very concentrated that
many think 1t unwlse to use its. G.
Valentine.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-06-26

FRONT ELEVATION Of a PRACTICAL
Many different styles of chicken
houses prove equally successful in the
hands OF poultrynen. so that it is
unwise to recommend the universal
adoption of any one form. IL the
following points are given careful
study any farmer should be able to
build successful chicken house. suit
able to his wants and purse.
The house must be planned for the
hens comfort first. and then the
owner may add such embellishments
as may please his fancy. The hen
needs. first OF all, floor space, a place
to eat and scratch. The more floor
space the hen has the better. but the
space above should not be too great,
so as to maintain the proper temper
ature from the animal heat of the
hens. All things considered. house
just high enough for a man to walk
erectly and a floor space of about
five square feet per hen would be
advisable.
Floors are commonly CONSTRUCTED of
earth. boards or cement Cement
floors are perfectly sanitary and easy
to keep clean. The objections to their
common use is the first cost of good
cement floors Cheaply constructed
floors will not last. Board floors arc
very common and are preferred by
many poultrymen, but if close TO the
ground they harbor rats. while IL open
underneath they make the house cold.
Covering wet ground by board floor
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-06-26
UNDESIRABLE OAK PRUNING
watchful Care in Summer When
Insec.s Lay Their Eggs May
Save Our Shade Trees.

However desirable II may be to have
a judicious pruning of our oaks. we
can hardly trust to beetles to do tho
work as we wish IL done. and durlne
the summer of 1905 Elaphidion GER
tainly exceeded the limit and caused
much anxiety to owners of oak trees In
various parts of the country, Further.
since IL sometimes attacks the apple
and other quite valuable trees. 1t calls
for some attention.
During July one may observe beneath
oak trees many fallen twigs and In
somc Instances small branches. with
leaves still attached and generally
withered. though sometimes still green.
a glance into the tree will reveal pos
sibly other twigs hanging suspended
with whiting or wilted leaves, not yet
dislodged by the wind The pieces on
tho ground. when examined. exhibit
clean cut OF break at the, large end,
and II one cuts into the twiS with
knifo a whitish worm is disclosed lying
In the burrow thus opened. This is the
Iarva OF tho oak pruner. which when
fun grown Is. a little moro than one
hale inch Long. and transforms into
blackIsh or brownish black beetle of
about the Same length.
Tho lffe history OF this pest is such.
cvIdeucing apparently marvellous in
sttnot that 1t commands our admira-
fipn. Tho female beotle. according to
Fitch. -normally lays her eggs In spring
or summer onga green sucoulent twig
tnsan anglo ,batween leaf twig and leaf
stalk This cation affords tho young
tender food ofctho right nature, easily
9btafnTd. As fhe Iarva grows older 1t
works Into the older wood, At this
ittme the WORN Is about half grown
According TO the above writer and
cfheTa this larvn needs moisture to go
through with its transformations to |
tho purai and later to tho imego stage.
Thf9 evidently it could not obtain il |
tHe t%ig remained on the tree. 1t |
Therefore proceeds to cut off tho twiS
width has afforded II homo so that |
fhts WIN lie on the moist earth during
the outumn and winter. This is very
nice operation. evidencing apparently,
as stated above, remarkable instinct
Fitch claims that the entire larvaI
and pupal stage is passed within the
twig- From personal observations.
however, we are led to believe that
such may not always be the case.
Our attention was called by a corre-
spondent last August to the fact that
many fallen twigs examined contained
no worms Later. In September. we
noted this also. and were not able to
find a single larva in any twigs cx-
amined. large number being cut open
for examination.
This can hardly be accounted for by
the work of insectivorous birds. since