davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1909-08-14

On the above dates you can buv
excursion tickets 10 the following
eastern cities, and at Chicago OF Isl.
Louis buy daily 30-day round trim
tickets at the lowest rates in wears
to New York, Boston, New Jersev
New England, Atlantic Coast, and
Canadian resorts. Omaha. Kansas
City, $4,000. Chicago, $500: ST.
Louis. $500; ST. Paul, $500: Pc.
oria, $5110. Other eastern points in
DrOpOTtfOu
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1909-08-14
DAILY LOW RATES

On other dates than those named
above somewhat higher excursion
rates with longer limits are in effect
to principal eastern cities.
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1909-08-14
RICH AND IRWIN BALKY
But Nevertheless Wild West Show
Will Continue Today at State
Fair Grounds.

Despite the fact that Jack Rich and
the Irwin brothers have pulled out of
the Wild West show, the exhibition of
early days on the plains will be pre-
scented this afternoon at the fair
grounds. The original contract called
for four days. Yesterday, however, J.
c. Leary, the big chief of the show,
obtained permission from the state fair
people to run Saturday, as the venture
had not been a financial success. He
thought another day with good patron
age would help. At this internal trou-
bIes between the bosses of the show
broke out and Rich and the Twins
pulled up their stakes
Mr.. Leary said last night,tha a good
show would be offered. The announce
ment made yesterday at the grounds
that the show would be continued one
day was received with applause.
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1909-08-14
THE BURLINGTC rs
THROUGH SERVICE

Every day through standard ana
tourist sleeping car service Via
scenic Colorado and Denver To ths
East. Personally conducted east
bound excursions frequently each
well
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1909-08-14

Floating at saltair-it's glorious.
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1909-08-14

Continuation Of cowboy sports and
races at fair grounds. Consolation
purses. open to all contestants not
winners Of principal prizes in the late
tournament. Fast and funny pro-
gram. General admission: Bleachers,
&c. grand stands and boxes. SOC.
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1909-08-14

"ROyai" Stale bread Depot,
Open every morning. Entrance on
Third South. Good bread very cheap.
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1909-08-14
Chance
in Years for a
Vacation East
DATES OF SALE
ROUND TRIP RATES

July %, "a; August 18, "A; septem~
Der 10, II.
The Salt Lake herald-Republican. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1909-1918, 1909-08-14

Floating at saltair-it's glorious
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
GRASS MULCH IN ORCHARDS
New York Experiment Station Finds
cultivating or Dust Mulch Meth
cd to Be Preferable.

The New York Agricultural Expert
ment station has compared cultivat
ing and grass mulching an orchard by
actual practice and found in favor Of
the cultivated or dust mulch method
and the difference in favor of the cul-
tiyated plot was mainly attributed to-
the better moisture content of the soil,
the sod using too large proportion
OF the water for the good of the trees.
1t would be interesting for U. P. He'd
rick, in charge, to carry the expert
ment on a little farther by watering
the sod orchard once or twice during
the dry season, or have both plots
irrigated alike.
Some of the best apple growers on
the Pacific coast have done more or
less cropping principally with the
leguminous grasses, lately, but they
use more water in the irrigations than
when clean cultivation is the prac.
tice. The station report did not indi-
cate the character of the grass and
sod. 1t makes wide difference
whether timothy or vetch is grown,
and whether the mulch is two or four
inches deep. Moisture control is the
greatest object in crop production and
how to solve the problem of handling
the orchard soil most economically
with that In view Is largely a local
question, depending On amount Of rain
fall, natural moisture content of the
soil and convenience for irrigation.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
A Disk Harrow.

months will be lost All this may
seem like vast amount of labor 1t
is true that there Is much more la.
Dor in it than in the ordinary hit-and.
miss, trust-to-luck methods of farm
ing. But while the wheat crop of
the whole United States averages less
than IA bushels to the acre, the con.
sistent practicer of scientific soil cul.
ture sometimes threshes more than 60
bushels to the acre, and rarely less
than 40 bushels. Really, it is time that
the American farmer should wake up
The German farmer obtains an aver.
age Of 27.6 bushels of wheat per acre :
the British farmer, 1872 bushels; the
Dutch and Danish, more than 80
bushels: but the American farmer
with a superior soil, is content with
1875 bushels per acre. The difference
In yield is due simply to the difference
In methods. 1t Is not for more
work that scientific soil culture stands
but for work that will be more pro
ductive-not for harder labor. but for
more intelligent labor.
An Illustration is given above of q
disk harrow, an almost indispensable
implement on any dry farm.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03

The use of the most modern math-
eds" in farming in Kansas is by no
means restricted to the huge ranches.
In nearly every locality in the state
there are farmers who are using trac-
ton engines, with either steam or
gasoline for power, to plow and har-
row.
Near Muscotah, Kan, there is a
ranch comprising $50 acres, on which
the blowing and narrowing is being
done with 20-horse power gasoline
engine. This hauls four 14-inch gang
plows and a two-horse harrow-the
equivalent Of saying that the engine
does the work of 20 horses. The dis
lance traversed-and it's over tough"
soil, tools from two to two and one
half miles a day. One harrow is
placed off to the side SO that the re-
suit is double narrowing of the
ground without making second trip.
There were many doubters of the
advisability Of investing in an engine
for a tract of $50 acres. It was con-
sidered too small an area to warrant
the initial expense for the machine.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
ALFALFA SPOILED BY RAINS
Does Not Mean That Damage ls TREY.
ocabIe, for II Often Turns Out
to BE Pretty Good.

Some alfalfa hay has been spoiled
the present season by untimely rains.
but this does not mean that the dam.
age Is irrevocable for such hay often
turns out to be pretty good article
after all. The late John G.. Lilley .of
Colorado discovered nearly 40 years
ago that Alfalfa, which was supposed
to have been spoiled by wet weather
until II was: fang.burned as black as
Erebus was greedily eaten by the
stock. lust as II nothing had ever
happened to It. In one instance some
burnt alfalfa was hauled on and
thrown into ditch in pasture on
the Green Mountain ranch in Jefferson
county. The stock running In the pas.
ture left the native grass to eat the al.
falfa In the arroyo and 1t was All
cleaned up Id this way. Burnt alfalfa
ID all right when fed on the home
ranch. but would not anaawer at all IL
sent to market or the mill.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
Value Of Orchard.

The value of the farm orchard and
berry patch to the farm family can
scarcely be overestimated We are
not strictly vegetarian, either by ma
ture or by habit. yet 1t is serious
fact that all Americans eat too much
meat for their best health, beauty and
mental vigor. Regular and heavy
meat diets clog the system, impeding
free circulation Of vital fluids and
making the mind sluggish. Fruits
carrying a high content Of digestive
juices make digestion easy and nutri.
ton complete; they clear the system
of impurities. keep the skin open and
complexion fresh and make the mind
keen and active. Every good farmer
sees to it that the home orchard pro.
duces enough fruit for home use and
for sale. The utility and beauty of
the farm orchard make it worthy of
the best attention. and it makes the
farm a picture worth looking at.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
DIFFERENCE IN DRY FARMS
Successful on Different Kinds Of Soil,
That of Sandy Variety Being
Easiest to Handle.

Dry farming has been successful on
various types of soil, both light and
heavy. Sandy soils are more easily
handled, make a better surface mulch
and do not puddle as readily as clays
or clay loans. Their capacity for
holding moisture is much smaller than
that OF heavy soils, yet they give up
to crops quite as much water. Crops
may reduce the moisture contents in
sandy soil from 26 to II per cent.
Light soils have not as strong capil-
larity as the heavy types. In a very
fine soil capillary attraction may
raise water from depth of six feet
or more, while in a sandy soil mois-
ture may not rise more than foot or
two, the distance depending upon the
degree of fneness. Soils may be so
porous as to allow water to gercolate
through them and be lost By under
drainage which would be disadyan-
tage. Heavy soils are somewhat diff
ficult to handle. They can not be
worked when at all wet and must be
taken when just right. AS a general
thing the heavier soils are the more
productive. Sandy soils are warmer
and quicker and lend themselves
more readily to cultivation to con.
serve moisture.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
METHODS OF GROWING WHEAT.
Like Everything Else There IL Right
Right and Wrong Way-condi.
tions Requisite to Success.

There is a right way and wrong
way of growing winter wheat, like
everything else. The conditions re-.
quisite to success are rich land, we'll
prepared seed bed seeded by the use
of drill to a hardy variety of win,
ter wheat, such as the Turkey Red,
and its kindred varieties, at the,
proper season. If any Of these con-
ditions are wanting, the crop will,
be decreased proportionately. II the
land is not rich, 30-bushel crop of
winter wheat cannot be expected, to
say nothing OF from 40 to 65 bushels
which western growers often take OF.
II the seed bed is not properly pre-
pared, whether the land IL rich or.
poor, the planter need not expect a
large crop. Softer varieties Of winter
wheat are not adapted to this country
II winter wheat is sown broadcast In
stead OF drilled Y is more than likely
to fail. for while we have known good
crops to be grown from broadcast
seeding, It was only when the land
was rich, water was plentiful and the
season favorable.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
BEAN RUST DISCOVERED
AMONG COMMON PLANTS
Similar Character that Which
Vheat-E1as Three Stages
BY Ii

Fora number of years we have
had under observation rust occur
ring rather abundantly on the COM
mon bean, especially the pole bean.
During the summer of 1908 specimens
of the rust were sent in by CORE
spondent from Grinnell, Ia, where it
was common and destructive. During
the same season the cluster-cup stage
was collected by one of us at La
Crosse, Wis.
The finding of the cluster-cup stage
on the cultivated bean has not hereto
fore been mentioned by American
writer's on economic fungi, although it
is commonly observed on some of the
wild beans. That this stage has been
found is Of especial interest as it ac-
counts for the source of infection of
the cultivated bean.
This bean rust il it's development
is not unlike the common wheat rust,
which has three stages. In the case of
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
APPLE BARRELS
VERY COSTLY
Z Manufacturers Report Good In.
uuary for Finished Stock,
Also for Slaves and
Heads.

Barrel manufacturers report good
inquiry for finished apple barrels,
also for slaves and heads. Prices
promise to rule about as high as last
year. says Orange Judd Farmer. In
general way new apple barrels,
,hree-bushel standard. are quotable in
"a wholesale way to 80 to IS cents
each. A manufacturer at st. Louis
quotes S5 cents I. o. b. "A Kansas
City cooper quotes No. apple bar
rels at So cents and No. 2 at 80 cents
I. o. b. factory. He writes that apple
crop is light in that section. With no
relief in price Of containers, this fact
must be considered In contracting
the crops now on the trees. s
The price of new apple barrels in
the west is much as last year, coepers
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
TRUTH ABOUT DRY FARMING
TilIins the Land to Secure Good Re.
suits with Limited and Small
Amount of Moisture.

Not for 20 years after the beginning
it realized that more than one system
OF agriculture was needed there. When
homesteaders by tens of thousands
had left their claims, discouraged,
and crop failures had brought i'm
mense financial loss, two new ideas
were brought into prominence.
The products exploited in areas of
low average rainfall must be different
! from those grown in areas of gener-
I Gus moisture.
| Tillage must be adapted to the con-
ditions of soil, elevation and average
precipitation
The dry year preceding 1899 called
attention to the first, writes Charles
NJ. Harger in Review of Reviews. I'm
portations of Kaffir corn, sorghum and
other crops that will give yield with a
moderate amount of moisture, were
| tested and proved the salvation of
many homes in the high plains portion
of the middle west Where wheat and
J corn failed, these crops made both
| 'roughness" and grain, enabling the
farmer to gain a livelihood from
a system of mixed farming that in
cluded cattle and cereals. While the
| range was free and abundant, this
was easy and few titled acres suf-
feed to earn for the farmer-ranchman
a regular income.
When, with increased demand for
n n n ,;r;c Nd
the settler was compelled to lease or
to own all the land he utilized, an
other problem was before him and
the second proposition came into
prominence-how to raise a general
variety of grain and fruit without hav-
ing the rainfall usually considered
necessary.
This was the basis of interest in
dry farming" soil culture" "scien-
titic farming" the Campbell system"
all meaning the same thing-tilling
the land to secure results with small
amount of moisture
Into it blends the first problem, for
both work together in the accomplish
ment of the best results. The settler
must solve the whole in order to live
beyond the line of 20 inches of we'll
distributed rainfall annually.
At the beginning, the new idea was
Systematically worked out by one man,
H. w. Campbell, who is known as the
father of dry farming or soil culture
as definite undertaking. He expert
mented in western Nebraska and west
ern Kansas; then received the en-
| couragement and assistance of trans
continental railway companies, their
managers shrewdly realizing that if it
! could be established and could ac-
complish what was claimed for it, the
peopling of vast areas of practically
unoccupied prairie would follow.
Model farms were established and
attracted wide attention; experiments
were extended until the farmers of
surrounding counties, and finally over
nearly all the semi-arid region, were
| Interested
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
Machine for Burning weeds.

A weed-burning machine is being
used extensively on the railroads in
California, particularly in the sections
where the fine climate and rich soil
constantly produce prolific crop OF
weeds. The machine is gasoline
burner, consuming between. rs and
100 gallons an hour under, leo.poundl
sir pressure. It kills all vegetation
on or near the surface, and for three
or four feet beyond the ties on each
side, covering about so miles day.
The machine consists of an ordi.
nary HAT car on which is carried q
l,0O0-gallon tank and battery Of
powerful burners. It is all under com.
plete control Of one operator, the bat.
3 terry OF burners being raised and low
cred by a derrick attachment.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
RAW PRAIRIE LANDS
Wise to Give Full Season to the
Storage of Moisture.
Consistent Practicer of Scientific Soil
Culture Sometimes Threshes 60
Bushels to the Acre, and Rare
ly Less Than 40.

| On raw prairie lands, which in some
localities are so hard and compact
that it is probable that they have
not been dampened to depth of two
feet for centuries, it is wise to give
full season to the storage of moist
it into the proper physical condition.
| II winter wheat is to be the crop, the
! sod should be broken in the fall or
| winter. whenever convenient Mr.
| Campbell recommends breaking to a
depth of three to four inches, and
then rolling the sod as fiat as pos
sible. to hasten decomposition. Then
1t should be disked or narrowed, to
loosen the soil particles as thoroughly
as possible, in order that the moisture
OF rains or melting SHOWS may sink
into the ground, instead of draining
uselessly off the surface. After every
rain the ground must be thoroughly
narrowed. creating the soil mulch
that holds the moisture in the subsoil,
instead of permitting capillary attrac-
ton to draw it to the top, to be lost
In the dry air. II the soil mulch is
properly maintained it will be found
that by August the sod and the sub
soil beneath to depth of two or three
inches. will be well decomposed The
ground should be plowed again, to a
depth OF two and half or three
inches below the frs: blowing. If a
sub-surface packer is available, it
should then be used to compact the
subsoil, after which the land must be
thoroughly narrowed, to place the all
important soil-mulch in proper condi-
ton to fulfill its double office of facil-
ltating the percolation to the subsoil
OF future rains, and OF preventing the
loss of moisture by capillarity and
evaporation.
This method gives ample time for
the storage of moisture and for the
placing of the seed-bed and subsoil
into the best possible physical condi-
ton for the development of the plant
roots. After the blowing and prepare
ton OF the soil mulch has been COM
pleted, if any rains come before seed
ing, the soil mulch must be restored
just as soon as the ground is dry
enough to permit it to be narrowed
without adhering to the teeth of the
harrow. Otherwise, the surface will
become hard and compact, capillary
attraction will draw the stored-up
moisture to the top and the labor of
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
IRRIGATION BONDS IN EAST
Fast conquering Eastern Financial
Markets Where Short Time Ago
Were Frowned Upon.

Financial leaders who have devoted
their lives to development" enter
prises say that the success of under
taking which requires heavy cap
italization" depends primarily upon
the progress made by it's bonds upon
the money markets of the country.
Big business, they declare, is all
lender takes bond as surety. This,
they say, Is particularly true of all
western development schemes, which
are promoted principally by eastern
capital, when they are promoted
at all
A well-known irrigation promoter
said the other day that it has been
less than five years since Wall street
looked with suspicion upon any man
with an irrigation bond who attempt
ed to dispose of it for real money to
the men who are daily dealing in all
classes Of municipal, private and gov
eminent bonds that pay usually the
lowest rates of interest offered on Sc
cured investments. Until within the
past three years, he said, the people
of the east knew nothing of western
irrigation bonds and did not care to
learn anything about them.
Within the past two years condi-
tons have altered wonderfully in re-
spect to these bonds. The profession
al money lenders, instead of waiting
for the bonds to be brought to them,
and then refusing to talk about them,
have begun coming to the west in
search Of high class irrigation secur-
tiles. The leading bond men of the
east are beginning now to agree with
development" bonds of the western
country are high class securities that
are always marketable.
During the past summer one of the
leading insurance companies of the
east sent its president to the western
country to investigate irrigation Sc.
curit1es with view of loaning money
on them. 1t is understood that the
president reported favorably and that
the insurance company is now Of
fering to do what no similar company
ever before offered to do, to make
loans on these securities
Recently large New York bond
house of nearly half century's stand
Ing sent one of its representative out
to investigate irrigation bonds as an
investment. 1t is understood that this
man reported most favorably upon the
subject.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
Worlds Hop Crop Small.

The 1909 hop crop of the United
States. according to Orange Judd
Farmer, is $4,000 bales, compared
with 243,000 bales for the last
year. This years crop 1t appears is
the smallest since 1896. The crop by
states is given as follows: California,
$4,000; Oregon, $1,000; Washington,
$4,000 and New York, 10000.
The worlds crop, including that of
the United States. is also said to be
short. Commercial estimates place it
at 650,900 bales, compared with 1922
200 last year; 33 cents has been paid
growers in New York state, and the
market is well established at 81 to
80 cents for ordinary lots. On the
coast dealers are offering % to %
cents, but growers are demanding 25
cents per pound.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03

| The number of the cups (aecidia)
varies from 4-6 in the smaller spots to
2O-25 in the larger spots. They are
pale in color, the peridial cells being
colorless. The spores are spherical to
elliptical 1926 u in diameter, minutely
roughened. The spermogonia are on
the upper surface of the leaf, minute;
the spermatia small. spherical. The
uredospores occur in spots which are
at first roundish, but later, becoming
continent, for IRREGULAR patches fire.
quentyl quadratic in form; the sori
or pustules of the fungus occur on
both surfaces of the leaf, and not in
frequently on the pod and peduncle,
varying from few to many in spot.
The uredosorf which contain the sum-
mer spores are yellowish brown and
appear during the summer.
While usually not &c Of the most
troublesome diseases of the bean, it
! occasionally becomes SO severe as to
cause serious loss. 1t is recorded by
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03

The national game Of baseball is
constantly achieving nsw triumphs. A
match was played In Berlin recently
for the benefit Of the American wo.
iman's club. and was dignifed BY some
unusual features. The mines were
headed respectively b. Count Won
lBernst0r6. the German ambassador
~ the United States, and Capt Heath
~ the British embassy. while the re-
manning players were chosen from the
United States embassy and from the
american colony IN the German cap.
;afal. Az
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03

asking something close to IS cents
each for new barrels, standard size.
Some Of the large growers buy bar
rel stock and put up their own bar
rels. This season such will cost them
about 80 cents. or possibly a little
less, In thus handling them.
In the apple territory between Gin
cinnati and Philadelphia there is
nothing to indicate any lower prices
for apple barrels with lumber and
timber held SO. continuously high. Man
ufacturers in West Virginia are uuot-
ing new barrels at 80 cents each.