The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1909-11-26


record second to none in building
cement plant. tnat will produce
portland cement at q minimum cost.
In fact every department OF the Port
land Cement Company is In the hands
OF an expert.
Mr.. K. NJ Newton. who is stopping
at the Westminster Hotel will be
pleased to explain in detail the advan-
tageB that the Tidewater Cement Com
pany will have, and the profits 10 be
made from the plant
Chas A. Matchen, who will be the
general manager OF the plant, was
general manager OF the l.ehigh Port
land Cement Company for az years
and manager OF the Alpha Portland
Cement Company for 6h years. Mr.
Matchen stands high as a producer Of
portland cement.
The chemist is one OF the most inn
pOrtant factors connected with the
he is responsible for the quality OF
the finished product
This department will be in the
hands OF Richard X Mead Mr. Mead
has been associated with the portland
cement industry In the famous Ie-
high district ever since that great field
was opened He has been called 10
a great many plants to regulate their
mix, and has been directly connected
with several OF the largest mills IN
that district MIR Mead Is also editor
OF the "Chronical Engineer author
OF Portland Cement" and The Chem
ist Pocket Manual" The TldeWater
Portland Cement 90 are fortunate to
have the services OF such an able man
az they are assured the highest grade
Of portland cement on the market
The necessary prophecies for max
Ing high grade cement are as fol.
lows
Lime Is derived from limestone and
is made by snbiecung limestone to
heat When this Is done in properly
constructed kilns with temperature
sufficiently high and maintained for
requisite periods OF time. the stony
character OF the limestone IL changed.
The lime 80 produced is softer. gen
orally lighter in color than the lime.
stone. and when brought In contact
with water eagerly absorbs Il. finally
falling into state OF paste. tn which
condition IL Is ready for mixing with
sand TO form common mortar Tha
principal change which took place In
the limestone during It's action OF the
heat was an expulsion OF q gas known
aa Carbon Dioxide. When this gas IL
formed by the heat acting on the lime.
stone, the term which Is used TO de-
scribe the process Ia association, for
the association OF the limestone with
the gas has been broken,
Silica ls most widely distributed In
nature forming more than one-half OF
the solid parts Of the earth II occurs
In many forms and In different min
erals. Granite Is more than two-thirds
Silica Clay contains high percent
ages of Silica Sand "a nearly pure
Silica Quartz IN crygtahzed pure
Silica Pure Clay or Kaoiln sometimes
Called China Clay, r. nearly one-half
Silica. The principal Ingredients OF
glass is made from nearly pure Silica
Sand
Alumina Is a necessary constituent
OF Clay Smooth. sOapy claya have
more Alumina than harsh brittle Clays
The compound OF Alumina are so
widely distributed that Aumina makes
about one-tenth OF the earth's weight.
The principal form In which Alumina
occurs Is Corundum; Bauxite is an
other form In which Aiumina occurs
and is the principal source OF the metal
Aluminium.
The Oxides Of Iron and the forms
In which they occur are too well
known TO need any mention, save 10
say that II occurs in large and small
quantities In principally all soils and
that II is the common component OF
all clays ard shales
Portland Cement has been made by
taking pure Silica, Lime and Oxides
Of iron and Alumina In correct proper
tons, grinding them very finely, then
Hubjecting the mixture TO intense
heat. thereby forming Portland Ce-
ment Cllnkers OF good quality, which
after grinding produced cement
nearly similar to the standard brands
OF Portland Cement OF commerce.
Obviously, however. such method OF
manufacture is impracticable on &C.
count OF the cost OF raw materials and
the greater cost OF the manufacture In
all the operations. Now, II a limestone
of such analysis can be found that,
when mixed with the proper mixture
OF clay, the limestone will carry about
seventy-fiye per cent of pure lime
stone, thirteen per cent. OF silica and
approximately six per cent OF com
bined oxides of iron and alumina, the
resulting mixture will be of the proper
chemical composition TO produce ce-
ment
/ There are other materials which
might be. and are used TO produce the
desired chemical composition, but
since limestone and eiays are more
widely distributed In nature, and are,
OF this account, commercially at
tractiye when found In the vicinity OF
places Of demand for Portland Cement,
1t can be said with certainty that the
| principal sources of Portland Cement
are, and will continue to be, Limestone
and Clays.
BY far the greater portion OF lime
stone deposits are unsuitable for Port
land Cement, for some OF the following
reasons
/ First-Too great an expense to
quarry.
Second--Unsultable composition.
Third-Lack of uniformity.
! Fourth--Too far from points OF large
consumption OF Portland Cement.
| The limestone is quarried from de-
posts which have been found to be OF
suitable composition. After the stone
IS quarried In sizes as large as can
| be we'll handled by men, 1t Is placed
In cars or skips; then sent to the
Crushing Mills where large gyratory
Oh Jaw Crushers reduce the stone To
! the afza of two inohaa ora ,,oAo~