The Springdale news., 1909-07-16
Must the Calyx Cup of the Apple
 Be Filled?

SluSC oluuiCu tilC SOuilHS fIOtH and nonographed the then exist ing knowledge of the insect in Bulletin l42 of the Cornell Agri- cultural Experiment Station Since then l have closely followed the excellent work done, both m the East and the Far West. by which much new information has been gfeaned regarding the life history aud methods of controlI- ing this pest But I was hardly prepared for the accusations that Eastern entomologists were lax and not up-to-date in their advice to their constituents, as set forth III the article entitled Filling the Calyx Cup in the June, 1908, number of this journal.
 Fortunately 1 had been making some photographs of calyx ends of developing apples for my class work when the above article ap- peared. The pictures we'll illus trate the outer and inner ealyx cavities, which are separated by the ring of stamens, with the large feshy pistll extending up through the center. The bases of these stameus set very closely together and come up close around the pistil. 1 was also surprised to find that even after their tips had wlthered and the calyx lobes had closed in, the sta mems remained fresh and plump at the base and around the pistil, and thus still formed a partition or wall between the two cavities. In fact, So tight barrel did the stamens form between the two cavities that 1 became d doubt ing Thomas as regards the as- sertionS of some entomologists that It Was absolutely necessary to drench tree with spray sufficiently foreeful to drive the poison into the lower calyX cav fty III order to obtain satisfactory results against the codling moth.
 After reading the asSertlve and accusing article above mentioned. on June 2, l went to nature for the facts as regards the feeding habits of the young codling moth larvae. Do they feed any III the upper calyX cavity after squeez- ing through between the closed calyx lobeSz Or do they go ou down through the closely set row of stanens into the lower calyx cavity for their first meals? The answer to these questions would determine If It was necessary to drive the poison spray into the lower calyx cavity.
 I found that in every case where the young larvae had en- tered the apple at the calyA end 1t had stopped to feed in the out CT calyx cavity. Furthermore, the larvae had fed in the outer cavity for several days, or through the first larval state. The only ones l found going far ther into the apples had head diameter of about .54 mm., which corresponds almost exactly to Simpsons recorded diameter for the head of coddllng moth larvae in the second stage. At D on the plate Is shown such larva i'll the second stage that was just going into the lower calyx cavity. It had fed quite extensively around in the upper cavity, part ly on the fleshy stamens, and a few pellets of it's excrement had dropped into the lower cavity. l was unable to obtain any evil dencp that tha larvae worked their way into the lower calyx cavity without first taking sever- al meals in the outer cavity. Several other Eastern entomolo- giSts with whom have discussed these facts have made similar ob- servations. . The young codling- moth larvae may have different