Omaha daily bee., 1909-12-10
BREEDERS IN HIGH OLD TINE
Fairly Revel in Maze Of HOmozyony
and HeterozyOny
ALSO FRoLIC OVER GRAFT HYBRID
Simple Little Address Follows on
Grain sorEums, which was Pre-
ceded by OrEy IN Heredity
and Nutrition.


A series OF discussions Of highly techni-
cal subjects occupied the American Breed
ers' association at the Rome hotel last
night. Or Charles b, Davenport Cold
spring Harbor, Long Island, n. Y, led the
evening program with a talk on The DIFF
ference Between Homozy gous and Heter-
ozy Eous characteristics" Prof. G. c.
Guthrie. University Of Pittsburg. spoke on
graft hybrids. and r. c. Ban, washington,
d. c., talked on the breeding OF grain
sorgums. A number OF other lectures and
talks OF similar nature followed. tn
Breeders association will meet again this
morning
Three men Of national reputation ad-
dressed the meeting OF the association at
the National Corn exposition Thursday
morning and each advanced some idea
which set their hearers TO thinking, H.
Waters, dean OF the Kansas Agricultural
college. took the stand that breeding was
secondary to good feeding when It came TO
a matter Of putting broad hips on cattle
The other speakers were Wilet NJ. Hays,
assistant secretary Of agriculture. and Prof.
w. J. Spillman Of the United states De-
partment Of Agriculture.
If you would have a big, broad steer
you must see that he is well fed from
his youth" said Dean waters. speaking
on The Influence OF Nutrition on Anil
NAL Type, or the Effect Of Feeding on the
Types Of Animals
students have always approved OF the
stand that heredity plays the most lmpor-
tant part in shaping cattle and have en-
deavored to accept the theory that feed
and environments we're secondary TO hereo-
ity. / will try to measure the Influence OF
nutrition and leave the Gbalanoe to account
for by heredity.' a "A '
While Mr.. Waters is now at the head Of
the Kansas Agricultural college he worked
out the theories advanced while connected
with the University of Missouri.
IN studying beef cattle fed in different
ways It has been found those heavily fed
widened and developed much more symet-
really, while those more sparseiy fed
grew in height. When cattle are taken to
the ranges they soon reach the sunfish
type, narrow chested and .slSping groups.
This shows apparently that T. y q question
Of nutrition and comes about generally In
the first generation.
The cause is indicated 70 be partly me-
chanical. Fiji the stoipRch and yeu dis
tend the ribs and that pressure may extend
for increased width on the ground Of feed
Alone, OF II may w phg HAeAeeANN" ~
practical significance OF his IL that It is
necessary for us to give animals from their
birth most ample SUPPLY Of feed or degen-
eracy will set in"
Selection and BreedinE.
with reference 10 the principles In
volved in their Improvement by selection
ana breeding, we may divide animals and
plants into three general classes said
- 81 NTnNNa1. ENANna
| Department of Agriculture, in sPeahdng on
Application Of the Principles Of Heredity
to the Improvement Of Piants and AMI
mails" 81
The higher animals are all found IN the
third Of these classes. while plants are d.
vided among the three classes, : said he.
'The first class Includes the crops that
are not ordinarily propagated from seed,
such as apples, peaches, pears, Irish pota-
toes, sweet potatoes and those varieties
OF onions which are p~ropagated from sets.
"The second class includes those crops
that are propagated from seeds. but In
which. under ordinary conditions, there is
little or no cross fertilization. The most
Important crop in this class are wheat,
oats and barley.
9TH third class includes those organ
isms in which cross fertilization normally
I OCCuFHs IL lnCluQtE hi the nAkleE AululAlh
Amongst plants there are some species In
which cross p~oilenation is necessary to seed
production. but generally speaking most
plants in this class are what we describe
as open polenated-
V~eRetRtively P-rODaEated Crops.
Since, the earliest attempts to improve
crops by selection the opinion has prevailed
that It was possible. by selection. to pro-
/ auna aIuanaF anu LFnH - ohavCa Nb.t -.
desired in a crop. This opinion was based
on the fact, which has been thoroughly
established, that II we select a large num-
Der OF individuals on account OF excellence
In some one character and continue such
selection from year to year., without keep
ing our selections separate, do get
gradual improvement. That Is. mass selec-
ton gradually changes a crop In the direc-
ton OF the selection.
ION very interesting deduction from the
law Of accumulation is this: tha when a
horned animal crops out In a polled breed,
or a red animal occurs in a black breed.
both OF the parents OF such an animal are
impure with reference to the character
which crops out. A few horned calves are
born In all polled breeds, which simply
means that there are some individuals In
the breed which are not pure bred with
80 NANN oAASt 81 GhAnN q ANM AN4
calves occur In all black breeds OF cattle
which show that some individuals Of the
breed are not pure bred with preference
the black color.
by taking advantage Of the law OF re-
combination it is possible to produce almost
an indefinite number OF new breeds, breed
ing as true to type as our present breeds.
Private Agencies AZ work.
Wihett NJ. Rays, spoke OF the o~rganiEa-
uons OF private agencies as well as public
which were assisting In the work OF ad-
vanced breeding OF plants and animals. He
said that the American Breeders assocl-
alton was trying to bring about the wide
cooperation Of public and private enter
prises TO work along more effective lines,
10 help experimental stations and depart
ments OF agriculture in the work Of apply
ing science TO breeding, and TO help each
other.
MT. Hays told Of the wonderful lot Of
research being carried On BY the Depart
ment OF Agriculture and the eXparimentai
stations, the university laboFators and the
Carnage institutes as wen as the Werk
In foregn countries both In relation "a