Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1909-08-05
HISTORY or THE BILL.

last. -
HISTORY. OF THE, BILL. !
The new tariff law will be known in
history as the Payne bill, taking Its
name from the chairman Of the house
committee Of ways and means, the
Hon. Serene q. Payne of New York,
who also had a part in framing the
Mckinley and Dingley acts. Actually
1t should perhaps be called the Payne
Aldrich bill. as the chairman of the
senate finance committee has had quite
as much to do with debating It's anal
provisions as Mr.. Payne. On this line
Of reasoning, however, there are those
who insist that it should be called the
Taft bill. as the hand Of the president
has been seen In all the moves that
have shaped it from the days Of the
Republican national convention that
nominated him and adopted a plank
for tariff revision UP until the hour OF
the final fight in conference committee,
when the big man in the White House
made his historic fight for free raw
materials and for carrying, out the
promises OF the party. ~
It is the first time there has been
change Of the tariff laws In twelve
years, the Dingley act having gone
into effect in 1897. The inception OF
that. law was strikingly like that OF
the present. In each case 1t was en-,
acted by an extra session Of congress.
called as the first act Of an incoming
administration. More noteworthy still.
each Of these extra sessions was called
to meet on March Is, the tirst one
having been issued by William McKin-
ley Of Ohio, the last by William How
ard Taft Of Ohio. .s- ..-.-z.4... g..
.r.,-. The Tariff Plank 80
The agitation within the Republican
party for a revision Of the Dingley
act has gone on from the days Of the
iowa idea" until at last It eliminated
In the plank In the last Republican
platform beginning: *> y >'s;.-
1.-THE Republican party declares I'M
equivocally for a revision of the bar
if by: q special session Of congress i'm
mediately following the Inauguration
0f the next president" . =:
In his campaign on that plat
MI. Taft construed this plank as mean.
ing revision downward, point that he
insisted on in his speeches and finally
cunched in his inaugural address when
be said that conditions had SO changed
relative to the Dingley act that they
twill permit the reduction Of rates In
certain schedules and will require the
advancement Of few, II any. That
meant revision downward, which was
recognized substantially by the house
bill, but was changed to actual re-
vision upward by the senate bill. II
was at this point that the president
quietly but firmly injected himself
into the fight In the conference be-
tween the two houses, the house stand:
ing behind him and forcing the senate
to yield. The Payne bill in its present
form Is the result. 1. g.. - =
4, - :, ~ First Tariff eiii. =. :,
The first tariff bill enacted In the
United States was that Of the First
congress. The opening section Of that
bill stated that, in addition to securins
money for the support Of the govern.
ment, the tariff was adopted for the
encouragement and protection OF man
ufactures.'' From that time political
parties Of national scope have FLASHED
on the issue Of the tarin as to whether
OF. not 1t should be more than "for
revenue only ;a Il %Ss
The expenses OF the war OF 1872
necessitated material increase IN the
tariff. hut al, adjustment occurred two
wears after the close Of the var
through an act prepared by Henry
Clay. s. 5: sssEs s ;.5jsasssse f.
.:5 IN 1929 the tariff was jumped up q
few pegs, and a year later It went
/ higher. from 81 to Al per cent. 4 III
when, In 1892, bill ablishing q
protective tariff policy was passed,
South Carolina refused to- recognize
the validity Of the increased duties
and threatened to secede President
jackson had to dispatch = warship to
South CarolInatan waters. S s5ss
iy.sA horizontal reduction OF the tariff.
took place In 1899. Twelve years later,
under PoIk,s administrat alton, a bill
drafted BY Robert ], Walker, secretary
5of the treasury, was adopted. standing
mildly for the protective policy This
bin lasted until 1857. when a reduction.
to 2O1kk per cent occurred on the aver
age duties. Actually q tree trade sys-I
ten, this low tariff proved adequate
for all government needs until the out
break Of the civil war, when an n, !
creased income was necessita
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