Clarke courier. [volume] (Berryville, Va.) 1869-1997, 1909-09-15

els 70 the acre. the medium drty -four
and the heavy sixty-two The differ.
cncc may not be this grea, very time.
but IL will always be ri.,,t enough Il,
pay well for the latss "a fanninr
There Is an objccilOn To using th..
heavy oats for seed In thar they tend
Go become n little later each year This
can be avoided by Introducing some
new seed OF an early variety every
few years. Directions FOR breeding
seed oats will be given In article 4.
= After the oats are cleaned aud grad
cd they should be treated for smut.
Smut is 4 black fungus that grows
from a tiny spore that lodges beneath
the hull when the cat Is I'm bloom and
the kernel open. when the hull closes
the Spore Is held inside until the next
season. when II sprouts and sends n
thread up through the stem TO the
head. There the smut grows. produc-
ing n black mass where the head
should be. Often as many as 10 per
cent OF the heads will be affected IN
this way. These black heads arc not
easily noticed. so that the damage is
usually underestimate.
The simplest method OF treatment is
20 spread the oats out on a tight floor
and sprinkle them with n solution OF
one pound OF formalln to forty gallons
OF water. This amount is sufficient
for forty bushels OF oats. Shovel the
oats over two or three times until they
are thoroughly wet. and then pile them
up and cover them with blankets or
a.,
will penetrate beneath the hull and
XIII the smut spores. In the morning
the oats should be spread out again
and shovcled over occasionally until
dry. They can be Sowed wet. but in
that case the secder should be set TO
SOW about buShel to the acre more.
as they do not run through as readily.
This work should be done on n warm
day, as freezing while the oats are wet
will injure the termination. This treat
ment costs only about cent bushel
and is very effective.
Preparing the Seed Bed.
One of the most neglected points in
cat culture is the preparation of the
seed hcd cats du better Ron "a rather
irm ~c,'d b,'d u the ;ield WAS la corn
the year previous d will not bc ueS.cs-
sary &" u'ow unless the ground is very
hard % should ar disA.G Thoroughly.
however. To- cut up the stalks aud pull
verlzc the upper two or three inches.
II VIII usually 5e profitable To let the
disk "lUp half" rs this does away
with ridges and leaves the land in
better shape. one narrowing after the
dislSing leaves the ground I'm splendid
shape To- receive the seed
Methods Of Seeding.
There are several methods OF seed
ing. OF which the end gate seedcr IS
the worst and the disk drill the best.
The two main objects I'm seeding are
20 get the seed I'm evenly and at ap-
proximately the same depth The end
gate seeder fultills neither Of these re-
Quirements. The broadcast sceCler scat
tiers the seed evenly. but Il is covered
no better than with the end gate seed
er since both depend upon the disk for
covering The disk drill is more ex-
pensive and does not get over the
ground rs rapidly, but II distributes
the seed evenly and puts # AT the
same depth. The seed is dropped i'm
burrows made 10y the disks and thor
oughly covered. SO that one narrowing
Is all that Is necessary after drilling.
Experiments show a considerable adj
vantage I'm yield In favor OF the disk
drill
At the Iowa station the average o.
four years experiments showed nine
bushels 10 the acre In favor OF drilling
over broadcasting. From half n BUSH
81 10 bushel less seed 20 the acre is