The Carlisle independent., 1909-10-21

and independence to be found on the bars of the Forty Mile, the Stewart and at Circle City.
 With the increase of population came the rep resentatives of the American and Canadian gov ernments, custom houses established and court decisions took the place of the rude jus dce dispensed by miners meetings With the order of things came also the necessity of a determined line between the two countries.
 The United States claimed under the old Rus sfan treaty. line running up Portland canal to ahe Seth parallel of north latitude thence to fol- low the summit of the coast range to its inter- section with the Hist meridian In the absence 2 of definite mountain range near the coast, the the to be not than ten marine leagues distant from tide water.
 Canada claimed that the line should follow the coast range paralleIing the general contour of the coast and cutting across all inlets and iords. There other contentious of minor impor- tance, but the real trouble that Canada thought she was entitled to a seaport which would allow of shipments through Canadian ter ritory to the valuable Klondike.
 AS to the Hist meridian being the rest of the boundary, there dispute. This line starts at a ridge of Mount Saint Elias and runs through to Demarcation Point on the Arctic ocean
 Maps showing a strip of land along the coast were made, archives were rummaged every avail able bits of history and tradition were searched and the whole mass submitted evidence to a tribunal of three Americans, two Canadians and
 
 The sitting of the evidence required three months. The opposing counsel helped by the geographic experts put forth their best arguments. vote was taken, and the result showed four to two for the United States. the lord chief justice of Eng land Lord Alyerstone, casting his vote with the Americans.
 Naturally the Canadian representatives felt greatly disappointed but the evidence was too conclusive to allow of any other outcome
 Then came the question of what mountains con- .stituted the coast range. In places a compro- mise was effected departing slightly from the claims of the United States.
 It was decided that certain welldefned peaks on the mountains fringng the coast should con- stitute the main points the boundary. Lord Alverstone, welding blue pencil, marked on the proper mountains. The members of the tribunal were all eminent jurists but this did not make them proficient in the intricacies of contour maps and the advice of the experts constantly re- queeted.
 The location of the boundary was left to two commieisone MT. o. H Tittmann superntend- ent of the coast and geodetic survey, for the United States, and Dr. w F. King, chief Domin- ton astronomer. for Canada.
 Wherever the blue-pencfl mark appears on the map this point without any recourse is boun- dary point, even though higher and better point may te but short distance away
 To follow the sinuosities of the mountain ranges in this country would be hopeless, so the cefpn. n.issioners will probably decide that a straight line connecting the various blue-penc cied point shall constitute the boundary.
 The actual demarcation the boundary to be . satisfactory to both govern nts, must be done jointly By thts 1t is not meant that there is d4