davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-08-06
THE INJURED.


WALTER WALENKI, 1006 White
Oak avenue, Whiting; shoulder
dislocated.
MRS. GERTRUDE KLEIN, 423 In
dianapolis avenue, Whiting; !;
left shoulder and head hurt.
JOHN CHRISTOWSKI, 5034 For
sythe street, right leg broken.
FRANK AGASSE, Indianapolis av-
enue, Hammond; arm cut and
bruised.
EDWARD HENDRICKS0N, 342
Central avenue, Whiting; face
and legs bruised,
RICHARD KLEIN. 423 Indianapo-
lis avenue; left shiulder and
head bruised.
JAMES R. SPRIGGs, 241 Logan
street, Hammond; internal in
juries, right leg badly cut; will
recover.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-08-06
Buried Tomorrow.

Helen, the five months-old daughter
OF Mr. and Mrs. Charles Vonasch, 412
Oak street, who died last Wednesday,
will be buried tomorrow afternoon
Services will be held at the home OF
the childs grandmother, Mrs Mi'Ier
2S6 Price place Interment will be al
Oak Hill cemetery. The child had been
sick ten days.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-08-06
SHOT At HIS WIFE

a. report to the effect that a man liv-
ing in the neighborhood of Calumet
avenue and Fayette street shot at his
wife. is being carefully hushed up by
-his snefghbews~ and friends. The bullet
is said to have missed the mark, but
this did not alleviate the feeling ex-
isting between the couple. No report
was made at the police station.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-08-06
HAMMOND
MAN KILLED
Many From Whiting Are in
the Wrecked Street
Car at Time.

Conductor Otis Best of Hammond was
killed and fifteen passengers injured
at $40 o'clock last night, when a fast
Pennsylvania train crashed into Ham
mond, Whiting and East Chicago street
car on indianapolis boulevard and One
Hundred and Sixth street.
The railroad crossing where the
grewsome accident happened is one of
the worst on the whole line, and con-
sidering everything, it is believed that
the accident was Unavoidable At the
time the conductor fagged the crossing
not a train was in sight. An instant
later, when he had stepped upon the
front platform of the car as it started
to cross. d fast dummy train rounded
the curve and in fash the street car
was struck and demolished.
WITH TERRIFIC FORCE.
The force with which the engine
struck the car not only caused the
front vestibuIe to collapse, bat threw
the body # thetrucks, turned it dag
onally across the rails. where it top
pied over on its side. The fact that the
car turned over was responsible FOR ali
of the injuries to the passenge none
OF whom were hurt seriously When
the car fell showers of glass was hurl-
-esl-asaengs @tke- pan1e-striclzen psssef1g-
ers and many Of the seats We're twist
Continued on Page Eighty
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-08-06

In spite of the fact that the employees
of the Chicago City Railways company
and the Hammond. Whiting and East
Chicago lines voted overwhelmingIy to
strike at the polls yesterday, the people
Of the Calumet region, as well as the
2,500,O00 in Chicago still hold out hopes
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-08-06

A big neckwear sale this Saturday.
$50 dozen Mems neckwear. a fine as
sortment of patterns in the latest de
signs, for this sale, 25c. Hub Clothing
& Shoe house.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-08-06

Tickets on sale for the Hammond
Sangerbund picnic at Summers Phar-
macy, and Singer Sewing Machine
store. 214 State street-tf
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-08-06

a big special in mems suits for Sat
urday only. Any $50 and SIS suit in
the house, S15. Hub Clothing & shoe
house.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-08-06

A silver" dress shirt the best shirt
made for the money. 81. The Huh
Clothing Co
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-08-06

Gentlemen wanted who are looking
for good 81 shoes for $3. Apply at the
Hub Clothing House, Hammond, Ind
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-08-06
| KILLED, IS HURT
In CAR CRASH
Street Car and Passenger Train Come
Together with Tragic Results
Last Night
MANY LOCAL
PEOPLE HURT
THE DEAD.

The DEAD.
OTIS BEST, % years old, residing
at 3O5 South Holman street, leg
cut off and skull fractured; died
two hours after the accident.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-08-06

Mems 50 fine, straw hats for Satur-
day only, soc. Hub Clothing & Shoe
house.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-08-06

B|]GABOO
SAYS DOC.
Lake County Medical AS
sociation Hears Splendid
Paper at It's Midsummer
Meeting at Lake Front
Park Yesterday.

Heredity, that vehicle, which has for
ages carried the burden for most of
what is good and bad in man, was tenn
porarily placed on the shelf yesterday
by. at least, one Hammond physician,
DR.. A. A. Young. who read an able pa
per before the Lake County Medical
society yesterday in connection with
the society's picnic at the Lake Front
park The chains of ancestry evidently
do not confuse DR.. Young, for his pa
per was almost a radical departure
from the old and accepted theory of
heredity.
Citing the Scriptures to show that it
was ordained that every organism
should beget its kind, the author con-
tinued in his arguments based along
scientific lines that each new organism
is separate and distinct from its pa
rent. To uSe his own
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-08-06
Cells for Reproduction Only.

Stated in the simplest terms, the
new individual is the result Of the un-
ion Of a single cell from the male pa
rent with a single cell from the female.
These two cells are in their turn deriva-
tives of cells which, from a very early
period of embryonic life, can be seen to
have been segregated for reproductive
purposes, and apparently for nothing
else, and already exist at birth an lie
latent or, at most, very slowly increase.
In other words neither is the piecing
together of contributions from the vari-
Gus tissues and organs of the body.
Both are derived from germinal It's
sue, which is evidently set apart from
the first so as not to be subjected to
the performance of functions other than
those Of reproduction"
Diseases Not InheritubIe. Says Young.
Having laid down these premises, DR..
Young, TO further prove his stand, said
that gross mutilations of limbs or trunk
Of either parent cannot reproduce them
selves in the offspring He cited the
case of scientist. who to prove this, cut
| off the tails of long tailed mice for
| twenty generations-cut them off I'm
mediately after birth-and yet the
twenty first generation were born with
tails as long and with as many verte-
brae as those of the first
Delving into the science of heredity
little deeper. DIR. Young proved his
theory that diseases, such as tubercu-
losis and smallpox are not hereditary
Altogether it was an exceptionally
good paper and brought forth a spirited
discussion.
Another feature of the meeting wa!
the basket picnic. The ladies Of tn,
doctors had accompanied them to LAX,
Front park. and constituted the ban
quet committee, having arranged a mos
tasty lunch. The weather was ideal
and the occasion one OF the most pleas
ant that the doctors have enjoyed in
long time.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-08-06

Continued on Page Seven)
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-08-06

Increasing eIoudiness followed
by showers, probably thunder
storms today and Saturday.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-08-06

(Continued GA Page Three.)
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1909-08-06
WITH TERRIFIC FORCE.

CONTINUED on Page Eight.)
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

The Klssimmee Valley Gazette
makes the following suggestion: The
time draws near when the few r..
naming heroes OF the Lost Cause
viii once more assemble Ia annual
reunion. this time ~ Memphis. Tenn.
The railroads could do no more gen
or0us an act than "a grant them rate
% one dollar for the round trip from
any part Of the United States. There
are few loft 90 take advantage ~ the
railroads generously. and Il viii be-
bat a short time until they are only
sacred memories. i.et us make the
time set allotted them az peaceful
and happy az poasible-not wait IN
tl thoy are dead and then build
monuments oKtolllng their bravery
aud virtues"
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27
LEGISLATURE DISPOSED
OF MUCH BUSINESS

TALLAHASSEE Nay twin
~ ftzrrinE o. soot q . MD Invest
ezfioa. tks kIllnE % ths BTnnn state
prirfinE pfznf IN and the passase %
~ TsTior STATE szarEnfy - hank D.
pests EeaEgrs. tbe HgaEs puf Ia q
b1Ey nessl0l yesterday. A number
- osher measures Were acted upon-
Representative keller q Baker C.
fen1ef ths state Eusr1ntY % hank
deposits EeaE1rs. u Eas passed by
q vote - - % "a
NJ Har6ee fnfrDd1eed resolution
% senf q o0nuittse % three % the
Western Cni0n o9ios % see u any
q the members q TIE House have
bsea sending -dsadhead~ messages.
and % make report % sane 20 the
House. Adopted
Rssolufion b. Mr. MahaHsy-TO al
loS no member % SPEAK more than
Eve MINUS sEeept the intrOdueer o.
tks bln OF resolution. Amendment
adoDtsd. striking cot except the In
trodBeer.- Resolution vas adopted.
stills sa Third Reading.
House BIN So. GO. b. Mr. Newton
-Resulating the list % pension re-
esivers and creating q State Board o.
PenEiOns.
Amendment By Mr. Wells: ANY
person. who enlisted IN this state and
served actively Tor slE months. shall
receive the benefits Of this aet."
Lost.
Amendment adopted b. Mr. Blan-
ton % include the value Of pension
eTs vife's property Tor assessment
Many amendments lost and ruled
out % order.
Amendment adopted % employ q
clerk instead % having the work Of
the board performed By Comptroller
clerks. The bin passed b. a vote
q A % &c.
Mr. Kelly moved for reconsidera-
ton today.
IN the vote on the pension BIN.
Hon. James r. Alexander asked that
en- explanation Of his vote be record
"a e. follows:
4 vote no and IN explanation Of
my vote viii say. a. a son Of a Con
federate soldier. ! viii never vote
for apy bin or measure that viii deny
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

Apropos q ne rscsrt obssrranrs
q Mothers nay. says Tts Ttura
Trihuns. us recall a. eiog1erf trit1,s
uhich uaa delivered D. william
J. Bryaa a. FrsderickaturE Va car
ing The famous campaign % isFs 20
tha nofher % washirrt1-- sad ths
nofsd crater.
-Freder.cksbgrE 90 not a large r.-y
aid yet u - rich in lncide-ts q
great historic ra'ue. Here tke u5-
men % Auerica have reared q uC-l-
mert 70 Mar. the mothsr q Wsst.1g-
ton. am glad % stand o. this srot.
Q an glad % feel the ila1encss uti-h
surround her grave. il q es-ga. 30.
especially in q campaign Ike tE.s.
there 81 much @ bitterness. ard cone
tines q abuse. spokeu against tle
Candidates Tor public oflce. bat my
fuends. there f. one character. fbe
mother-a candidate Tor the afec-
tions % an u1ankinf-aEainst whom
20 true mar ever uttered a NoTl q
abuse. There g. one name. mCther.
Which f. never found upon the tongue
q the sIanderer-in her presence ali
criticism O. silenoed. The painter
has. With his brush. transferred the
landscape % the canvas With such
hdelity that the trees and grasses
seem almost real: BE has even made
the face o. q maiden seen instinct
with life. but there is one picture 80
beautiful that no painter has ever
been able 70 perfectly reDroduce Il.
and that IL the picture Of the mother
holding IN her arms her babe. Within
the shadow o. this monument reared
to the memory q each one q rs. I
bow in humble reverence 20 mother
hood"
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27
Live Oak Man Nabbed as
He Set Building AbIaze

LIVE OAK. May 2i.-Early yester-
day morning a man named Con vas
arrested IN his meat market which Il
o. charged be set anre. The store o.
IN a building on Ohio avenue. Late
Saturday evening be was found by
officers az the building. and told them
he was watching his building In the
fear that a negro boy who was In
his employ intended 20 set Il afre.
The officers sent him toward home
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

telling him that they would watch.
Later. they assert. Con returned. and
the night marshal and two other men
say they saw him as he went into his
store. and hiding outside watched him
when he poured kerosene about IN
the building, and struck a match 20 H.
As he came out Of the building he
was arrested and placed IN jail.
Con begged the officers to shoot him.
The building was saved from total de-
struction by the FIRE department.
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27
FINISHING WELL

This f. the time wien in most
places schools are closing for the
summer vacation. and the con-
meneements- Of schools and colleges
are a reminder that thousands OF
young people are being graduated 20
enter upon their life work
To maay young people there comes
the temptation in the last year OF
school 20 let Up a little on their
studies because OF the feeling that as
the end Is 50 near Il does not matter
For more than one reason this IL a.
mistaken idea. The last years work
should be the fitting crown Of the
work OF previous years. Then. too
the last year IN school g. 20 be con
sidered in its relation 90 the future
In most cases a young man passes
directly from school % his lie work
As the word commencement indi-
Gates. his life Is not closing when b.
leaves school IL Is really opening
before him with all is possibilities
and n fullest success T. 70 attend that
life he must BE- adequately equipped
This means that the young person
must finish well al school in order
20 commence well and continue well
In the business or profession which
he enters. II Is not slipshod but
thorough work that wins.
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

A convention % the orango and
fruit growers of FLORIDA win b. held
IN Tampa. beginning June lee AZ this
meeting the report ~ the delegation
sent 30 California 10 study tho meth
ode u the sroweFs % that State VIII
b. Submitted aud "a d anticipated
ma mech good VII accrue 10 tho
Fiorida fruit producers az q result or
ihe c0nF0nti0n. .t...
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

"a liberal and Just pension % an Old
.Confederate soldier or he uid0E-OT
Tor any biz o. measure that vii re-
quirs an Old Confederate soldier %
make an AFFIDAVIT that be is q pauper
before recsiying said pension A.
consider this bin unjust 20 the old
Confederate soldiers and their widows.
vote no. and WiEh 20 60 on record
81 fayOring q liberal and just pension
law for the old Confederate soldiers
and their widows. The present BIN
is neither liberal OF Just. in my
opinion
the SENATE.
slxty-One bills passed 70 third read
ing. killed OF Withdrawn was the rec
ord made b. the Senate Monday. Il
was the hardest grind Of the session
and strict business made things
hustle over the calendar.
Among the most important meas
ures killed vas the House bin BY Mr..
Wal q Bradford. which provides for
the reimbursing Of parties losing
property or cash BY theft.
An important measure introduced
vas the FlOurnOy bin providing for
coedueation IN all the schools, col
leges and universities Of the State.
Among other bills passed 20 third
reading were: The Cook joint resO-
luton calling for a revision Of the
constitution; the Hosford bill creating
a State forestry commission, and pro
vidlng Tor the conservation Of the
forest resources Of the State: and the
Humphries bill allowing the Board OF
Commissioners OF State Institutions
20 sell or lease phosphate beds lying
On the waters owned by the State.
The Senate passed 20 third reading
a bill which was amended % allow
sheriHs 20 accept passes. but Il kill
"a an amendment offered by Senator
Humphries 20 include newspaper
men. Senator HUMPHREYS held that
Il r. a reflection upon the newspaper
men % the State 10 say that they
would be Influenced by free transpor-
tatiOn.
senate Bill No. 36S. by Mr.. Nc
Creary. relating 20 the division Of
counties into road districts. was ad-
vanced to third reading.
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

n Nc. James Patton's recent wheat
manlpulations really DO bring about
q wholesale corn bread revival In
this country. u may b. that he was
q blessing IN disguise. after an. Corn
bread r. not only exceedingly good 10
eat and highly nutritious. bat com.
paraiiyoly Inexpensive. This a. no
ioko d h delightful and undoubtod.
d. cheerful truth.
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27
.LynCherS Hang Man as
Warning to Negroes

LINCOLNTON. Ca. May 25.-Early
yesterday Albert Aiken, a negro. was
taken from the lincoln county jail
here aud swung 10 a tree az Dry
Fork creek. three miles from Lincoln
ton. The body vas filled with bull,
lets. Upon the body Was pinned this
placord;
"Notice-Thls Il what win happen 10
al negroes On Lincoln county under
similar circumstances.
(signed) REGULATORS"
Amen cut John Spires. q white
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

The Pensacola Journal says; There
were three arrests and convictions iu
Gainesville last week for cruelty 20
dumb animals. A good work. Il
should be kept up until every human
brute gains AZ least the faithfulness
and patience OF the poor beast be
delights In torturing."
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

The Times-Un short Talks"
says: The wicked Florida editors
are making much OF the story that a
burglar who Fansacked a Tampa resi-
dence left only a lady's bathing suit.
But burglars can't be expected 20
think OF every little thing. Tampa
Tribune. OF course not: Gad burg.
lars are not expected 10 carry mt
eroscoPes around With them as II they
we're bugologists"
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

farmer, Thursday morning. Spires
condition grew worse and ne Is now
reported dying. The white people IN
Lincoln say that negro secret socie-
ties are being formed for illegal acts
and the inference Is that by the
Bnehing Il Is hoped 20 awe the ne.
groes.
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

The Pensacola News says: The
White Springs Herald does not be-
lieve that a man who Is going 20
another world would like 20 go by
Jacksonville on his way. but Il Is a
fact that people have been known Co
go 20 Joyous Jagxonyille and get
away sober"
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

- Bnn So n Tkraesa-WeF
fM - WDF2 80 SeaF. .fl-sg
- N11 80 IL Afianfa foa-D
WeNElT COnafl41ttom e. Tanrs 40
- nnn an1 rs Afiarfa fCal
Heml wegElT goggnal &C. gear fEf
~ So arf Ths $685. WeaklT
ISmegCn,os &c gsar ....... 10
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

Formef STATE superintendent w. 81.
8heafs wlli b. principal % me Lake
land HiEh school the nest term Sc
o. ga educator % great ability and
fhe Lakeland people are fortunate Ia
securing be services.
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

The Southern Argus says: The
refusal OF the Legislature 70 re-appor-
ton the State In obedience 20 the
constitution and in compliance with
their oaths is a blot upon the records
OF that body"
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

Tho Georgia papers announce that
senators bacon and Clay are together
od an tarih items except lumber.
surely there must b. some way 20
bridso over THE difference, or sans
plank Il over. Or s0msthlng
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

Queen wiibslmlna q Holland looks
a. n sha mlEht D. iegelhsaded
enough 10 si9estep induieenflY the
adgice sbe a. desfiBed ~ get from
Der old maid relatives Oh boz % rear
fhaf baby.
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

DeInnd a. having troubles o. her
OWB. Three members % the city
council have rendered their realgna-
tions a. a result, Il n said. Of the
defeat % 10 charter amendment hill
which Governor Oiichriat vetoed. A
special election viii b. held 10 ON
lhe vacancies.
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

y. gWift 4 Co. patent lawyers.
Washington. .. G.. report the f0ll0E-
ing patents issued 20 FiQridians last
week G. W. Akers. Jacksonville.
torch; = G. crawsou. Pensacola. nut.
lock.
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

u n not e. ail certain that Presi.
cent Taft's inaamed eye d The re-
suIf ~ Fiding 10 me WiBd. The Pfeai.
dent bas been trying FeFy hard o.
ses q way ouf ~ fhe tariff tangle.
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

Al election Wiil b. held in Sun.
ter county On Juiy sth % decide me
c0uuty Eits location. Bumteryilie H.
fbs present ssat o. government Web.
steF. c0ieman and other places have
been menilOnef a. oandidaiea
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27
STATE PRESS COMMENT.

The Tampa Tribune says: ~NIr-
Bryan says Frank Clark ought 90
have sense enough 20 quit; but Frank
would have a hard time borrowing
any OF that particular brand Of sense
from W. j."
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

n many more animaia lite TIE
6ust~ over n Afriea son. ws fear M
ian4seaDs wlli b. AZ ehswed ~ D..
Sore fhs coionsi sets Wsli started on
fhaf hunf
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

TeEns a 90 osIY siate IS ssosst
- Ave hsifrteses a. SIZE - besF
taTtia
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

PhilafeiD1ls's discovery - ei.z9 ID
&c elfy Treasury io0ks as n someoae
80 besn su9ieasafIy magnanimOss -
go. @kseD fhs ehanss.~
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

Want Advertising is a force which
you can harness. and with which yos
can drive your plans And purposes
10 any desired dsstinatios
Gainesville daily sun. (Gainesville, Fla.) 190?-1938, 1909-05-27

a message - Mars can - aeBt
~ gioo91 go. aags Pfofessor Picker
fnE Let's aen1 u marked Scoliect =
80 ses Stat wfn haDDen.
Goldsboro semi-weekly argus., 1909-04-10
UP AGAINST THE WOMEN.

The tricksters who prepared the
Payne bill seem to have oHended tne
women because they are unrepresented
in Congress. They put heavy addl-
tional duty on perfumer1es and tollet
articles. On fancy soap the duty
named is Is to 20 cents a pound. Crude
cocoa is to be taxed cents pound.
1t is now on the free list. This IN
crease would carry up the price Oh
chocolates. Feathers and furs are to
be subjected to a largely increased
duty. and hair is to be taxed 70 per
cent. more than Mr.. Dingley ventured
to impose. ALI pins with ornamental
heads are to pay a higher duty, ana
the woman of the future who buys
mirror will be taxed more. Gloves
are to pay 81 and SIS a dozen at the
.ustom house. according to their
length, and the duty on all hosiery
mas been inc: a.. ed. Nearly all tie
imported goods that won q buy will
be more haa'r'igf taxed
These taxes upon women are arous-
ing the organized women of the land
The American Federation of Women
Clubs is moving against the d1scrlml-
nations of the tariff bill, and it will
not be at all strange if strong LOBBY
headed by Mrs. Carrie Chapman Gait
should enter the Capitol to stay there
until the determinations agalns'
women are taken from the Payne bill