davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Tucumcari news and Tucumcari times. [volume] (Tucumcari, N.M.) 1907-1921, 1909-08-14
Cultivation.

ne SEED Ded ana SOIL RESERVOIR nav
ing been properly prepared, the next
important matter IL the subsequent
cultivation; for it il by this means that
the moisture will be retained in the
soil. A dry, loose layer Of soil on tho
surface IN n poor conductor Of water
and one Of the principal objects Of
cultivation is 10 maintain such a lay.
er-called a soil mulch. All are fam.
liar with the use Of straw, litter aud
similar materials for mulching on a
snail scale. These would be too ex.
pensive for n whole farm, and fort.
unately they are not necessary, for
the soil mulcn is much cheaper aud
very effective IL kept IN a proper con.
dition. This layer may vary in thick
ness from one TO three inches, but 1t
must be kept loose, II is very I'M.
portant TO avoid turning up the moist
soil to the surface TO dry out and the
letting 81 dry surface soil down to
take away some OF the moisture.
When land has once been put into
good condition IL need not and must
not be stirred below the depth n the
mulch while the crop is growing.
This surface cultivation TO maintain
the mulch il the most important point
IN which the methods Of dry farming
differ from those used in humid re.
gions. This may seem TO the farmer
accustomed to humid conditions like
very poor cultivation, but II is one Of
the secrets Of success in dry farming.
While the crops are growing the
surface should he stirred after each
rain just As soon AS the soil il dry
enough to work, and in periods Of
drought the stirring should be done
frequently. Even when there is nO
crop on the land the surface should he
kept loose. Very goNd crops have
beeu obtained in New Mexico for the
past six years with very little attention
TO the details Of cultivation, because
Of the good rains but the d~roughty
conditions OF the past season have
very clearly demonstrated the value
Of thorough and proper methods Of
handling the soil.
Seeding and Planting.
The planting should be deep In or
der to get the seed into the moisture
below the soil mulch. For this reason
the use Of a drill or planter is much
better than sowing broadcast aud
blowing or narrowing in the seed.
Listing has given very satisfactory
results with corn and members Of the
sorghum group, but listed crops usual.
ly mature In one or two weeks later
than surface planted which sometimes
resulto in their being caught by frost.
Sometimes the seed may have to be
] planted quite deem In order To reach
The Tucumcari news and Tucumcari times. [volume] (Tucumcari, N.M.) 1907-1921, 1909-08-14
PUTTING IN A SEVER
SYSTEM FOR CLOVIS

Clovis, n. NJ, Aug. iO.-The contrac.
tors who have the work Of putting
in the sewer system, the electric light
system and the water works extension
have representatives on the ground and
work is To begin in earnest at once. II
il hoped that within six months, at
least. all work will have been com.
pleted.
The Tucumcari news and Tucumcari times. [volume] (Tucumcari, N.M.) 1907-1921, 1909-08-14

ger OF their not being able to reach
the surface. because Of the loose con
d,,,o, n, ~. n,,oh win ANAL ...o
-, -,
~" P'"" ~
or when there II quite a thick mulch
80 w
'o"Pa'' Wv ~
: Ing w y" "" W"
49, W ""
' 800" s." I"" ~
% ' NV P" ""
~
august, ana probahIy y httIo earlier
Nv 'he higher elevations IN ORDER maj
" may nave the fnII advantage OF the
Hep'ember ana oct"bcf rams IN addi'
''"h 70 the moisture IN 'he sou from
tue hummer rams " Is also very
important 'hhi the WINTER gram ne
So"h carry enough '" R't us ROOF sYS
'em we" "eNe'"led pe'"re winter ana
""N' S"ne'eo' CROWN !" Shaur th'
gtounn' rms WIN an"fd 'ohs'd"r'h'"
'h' anu WINTER pmS'ufage' out u
Sh""'h NOV Ne pHs'nt'd 700 e'"se' Tor
w '"N" Tue BORROWING spring " drN the
"ur'"'" CROWN VIII he needed !" pr"
'"'' w" pants ana GROUND from the
VIM
u Is very difficult 10 recommend the
best time for seeding and plnntign At
the lower attitudes because ~ micn
depends on the moisture condition Of
the soil aud the time 81 the succeeding
rains A study Of the rainfall re
different places in New Mexico leads
the writer to the conclusion that the
occurrence Of MAY rains is rather
uncertain n that the June, July and
August rains can he most surely re
iled upon. The CONDITIONS seem To
indicate that about the first Of June -
for II the crops are put IN NJ soon as
the weather opens IN the spring they
vii start to grow and nre then liable
to he seriously checked and possibly
killed by dry weather in April. May
or early June. II they ar" planted
early in June then the seed will not
spoil before the summer rains come
and the prospects are good for sufi.
cient moisture to keep the plants grow
ing Theseasons are long enough in
: all Of the localities below 5000 feet
to mature practically AL ordinary crops
The Tucumcari news and Tucumcari times. [volume] (Tucumcari, N.M.) 1907-1921, 1909-08-14

In their new town OF San Jon. 25 miles east of Tu.
cumcari, on the Tucumcari IL Memphis railroad now
building from Amarillo, Texas, to Tucumcari, New
Mexico, which is to be completed by next fall.
San Jon is surrounded by thousands of acres of
fine farming lands, which is essential to make a
good town. Two wells have recently been put down
on the townsite in which an abundance Of fine water
was struck at a depth of IS and 65 feet respectively.
A reduction OF 20 per cent will be made on list prices
on August 18th and 18th and will be sold on very
liberal terms. Perfect title, On same days a limit.
ed number of residedce lots will he given away for
building sites.
The Tucumcari news and Tucumcari times. [volume] (Tucumcari, N.M.) 1907-1921, 1909-08-14
LOST

About July 90 one grey wool shawl
two miles northwest Of Tucmcari ON
Bell Ranch road. Return TO News Of
fee and receive reward. 45.tf
The Tucumcari news and Tucumcari times. [volume] (Tucumcari, N.M.) 1907-1921, 1909-08-14
FOR SALE AT A BARGAIN.

One 2 room house and 3 lots in Me.
Gee addition near high school build.
ing r. B Buchanan NJ First National
Bank. ~
The Tucumcari news and Tucumcari times. [volume] (Tucumcari, N.M.) 1907-1921, 1909-08-14
DRY FARMING in NEW MEXICO
BY PROF. J. D. TINSLEY


/ ust. for nj this time the grass IL full
Of sap, the land Is 10 good moisture
condition for breaking and the condi.
tions are most favorable for the rapid
rotting Of the sod. Summer breaking
should he deep. Do no, be afraid Of
breaking too deep Mt this Tine Of
the year for there II no unproductive
sub soil and the earth will have time
TO settle to u firm seed bed by liant.
ing time. II will not be necessary H.
re pillow NJ disking will he sufficient,
hut IL IL is re plowed, do moi turn more
than bout -four inches.
Spring breaking Of sod should he
shallow. not more than four or Ave
inches. The sod should be turned over
and made to lie ~ ia, as possible.
The aubsurface packer should follow
tie plow to f'm the land or the roller
may ., used. The roller mus, be FOL
10 ,,cd ~ the disk or drag harrow 10
Loosen the surface.
Another method adapted 10 spring
breaking il to piow shallow, two 10
four inches, aud disk II up rs finely as
possible and plant in this shallow seed
A third method which has given fair
success with some crops in seasons hav.
ing the heaviest rainfall. IN 10 turn
the sod two TO four inches ard plant
the seed about every fourth furrow.
covering IL with the sod from the next
furrow. II seems to be a matter of
doing almost anything to get the sod
out Of the way aud zone Of the methods
approach very nearly to the ideal for
either getting the water into the soil
or keeping it there, except the summer
breaking.
Old Land.-In breaking old land the
depth should he regulated largely by
the character Of the soil. Two oh.
jects should be kept in view: First,
to get a deep layer in which roots ran
develop freely, and the other, to get
4 layer Of soil that will absorb rain
freely. To attain these ends, heavy
soils should be plowed more deeply
than lighter ones, for in r'any cases
the light soils are naturally in almost
a. good filth as the heavy soils can ever
be brought by working them.
Early deep breaking is just M i'm.
portant for old land as for sod, but
tho land cannot be broken until the
the crop is removed, II has been
customary to leave the crop standing
until quite late and with corn the ear,
ave generally been snapped OF AM
the fodder left to be gathered by
stock, This practive will have Il
cease. The crop should be cut sad
shocked as early as possible and tbs
land disked as soon as the crop Is GU
Of the way. The disking will put OF
Q mulch TO hold the moisture until thu
land al he plowed. The breaking
should be done as soor and IA deep n
possible,
There are large areas Of sandy Ian,
with heavier soil about a foot below
the surface. II such land is plowc,
deep in the fall and not fined to,
much the heavy soil brought to tn,
surface holds the land and prevent
heavy cutting by the wind.
The Tucumcari news and Tucumcari times. [volume] (Tucumcari, N.M.) 1907-1921, 1909-08-14

AAVuAlnNtN AIVul luHN WffhsD
The loss Of the moisture from the
soil through surface evaporation Is
principally due to capillary movement,
80 that one " the chief aims " the
dry farmer is to prevent capillarity
from carrying The moisture to the
surface Of the soil.
Experiments teach Ms that the small
er n tube the higher water will rise
in II, aud con yersely, the larger a tube
the less the rise; aud also that the
smaller the tube the slower the rise
and the larger the faster. There is
n certain size Of tube In which there
will be q satisfactory combination he.
tween speed aud height Of rise and
this II reached In n thoroughly titled
soil when q roller il run over IL while
II is moist, OF when the surface Is run
together by u heavy shower. In this
condition a soil will lose i's moisture
most rapidly, II the soil Is very loose
or II IL is too compact the movement
will be very slow. The movement in
Ia a loose dry layer Is slower than into
n moist oue. Whenever the moisture
reaches the surface of the soil IL il
AZ once c,aporatcd into the air.
The above explanations lead us 20
conclude that il we wish to hold moist.
ure In the soil We must have the up.
per layer loose and the dricr the bet
ter, in order 10 prevent capillary move.
ment 20 the surface; and AZ the same
time the lower layer should be com
pacted sufficiently 90 allow a free
movement Of the moisture 10 the roots
Of the plants.
Free water tends 10 shit the air out
Of the soil while there il considerable
room for air between the films Of the
capillary water. II is from the cap.
Hilary water that plant roots derive
their water supply and with 1t they
take up the various food ingredients
dissolved In Il.
Microscopic .water.-This il the
moisture that Is retained In n soil when
IL is air dry and It varies in amount
with the quantity Of moisture In the
air and its temperature. The amount
Is 50 small in the soils; especially the
sandy loans, Of the dry farming
districts that it is Of very little i'm.
portance.
The Tucumcari news and Tucumcari times. [volume] (Tucumcari, N.M.) 1907-1921, 1909-08-14
Flowing.

There are several matters that need
TO be emphasized IN connection with
blowing because the variety in nipple.
ments, teams, aud kinds Of soil makes
II impossible TO lay down detailed
rules applicable TO each farm. The
cultivation, in the usually accepted
meaning Of the term, must practically
be all done before the crop il planted
Prepare the seed bed thoroughly and
have as much moisture as possible IN
the soil nj the time of planting. The
seed bed should be firm and in good
contact with the p%lowsole. Avoid
having a loose layer next 20 the plow
sole. The frming Of the lower part
Of the plowed layer can best be done
with the subsurface packer. Disking,
when the blades are Sc; fairly straight,
helps TO pack. The roller packs the
surface OF the ground and will not
reach to the plowsole unless the plow
ing be shallow. The surface soil must
be kept loose at all times 10 a depth
Of about three inches. This surface
layer Of loose soil IA the mulch that re
tains the moisture in the soil below.
The mulch layer must not be too fine
for IL II is too fine II VIA be blown
away by the high spring winds. Ne
dunn 10 tight land must not be left too
rough through the winter and spring
for it will dry out rapidly. The ideal
winter mulch consists Of clods OF
from about the size Of a hickory nut
to the size Of one = fist. The partial
fning Of the surface in early breaking
OF finishing Of the surface in late
breaking must be done Immediately
behind the plow. Always work down
what has been plowed in the morning
before going TO dinner and the afternoon
blowing before going to supper. Tho
surface IT sandy land may be made
coarser by narrowing while IL is wet
Sod Land.-The best time for
breaking sod land is in June, or Aug
Los Angeles herald., 1909-05-17

chance 20 make money. If ] serve
square meal with all drinks on Sunday
and know that my competitors must
do the same thing, then l am saust1ed.
If l do not make a success then, II is
my own fault. But the idea of some
places selling liquor without any pre-
tense of serving food or Sunday leads
all to do the same thing. If patrons
know that in my place they will have
to pay for food before being served
with liquor and that the same rule
holds good in other places, I feel that
I am getting fair play. I am perfectly
satisfied with the decision of the chief
of police. and hope that the campaign
against illegal Sunday liquor selling
will be continued.
Proprietors of retail and wholesale
liquor houses who have no restaurant
licenses are also pleased with the new
conditions. They claim that it means
better business for them and that
they will obtian the trade which has
been given illegally to the Sunday res
taurants.
But the greatest good of the new
regime is the fact that the sandwich
which did duty from early Sunday
morning until late Sunday night has
been done away with. Sunday patrons
in the future will obtain the meal for
which they have been paying but not
getting. That's the real benefit of
putting the lid" on.
Los Angeles herald., 1909-05-17
WANTS TO SLASH
DUTY ON RAZORS
SENATOR SIMMONS TO WAGE
FIGHT TODAY
Income Tax, Urged by Bailey of Texas
and Others, Is Not Likely
to Come to
Vote
rBy Associated Press.I

WASHINGTON, May 16.-Beginning
tomorrow the daily sittings of the SEN
ate will commence at 10 o'clock in the
morning.
The hour has been advanced in the
hope of expediting final action on the
tariff bill by disposing more rapidly OF
the long speeches as we'll as the de-
tailed discussion of the various dis
puted schedules.
The consideration of the measure
has developed great opposition ON the
part of more Republican senators than
was expected, and the supporters of
the bill feel that every possible effort
must be made to hurry the bill to
vote.
So far they have received no encour-
agement from the insurgents" and
dark as to when the end may be
reached.
They are finding less difficulty in
dealing with the Democrats than with
the independent Republicans, and the
opinion is expressed that but for this
antagonism day might soon be set
which would decide the fate of the
measure.
The discussion will deal with the
various paragraphs pdSSSu over, Dul
there will be a few speeches on the
general tariff question, including one
by Senator Depew, which probably will
be delivered tomorrow.
To Attack Sugar Tax
Senator Clay will deliver, probably
on Monday, an elaborate speech crit
icising the sugar schedule and under
taxing to show that it is in the inter-
est of the sugar combination.
The razor schedule will receive first
attention tomorrow, and Senator Sim
mons will continue his efforts to have
the rate lowered.
Senator Bailey will continue to press
his demand for a vote on the income
tax as a feature of the tariff BILL but
it is an open secret that he is not
now nearly so confident of success as
he was in the beginning of the agita-
ton. He has confided to some friends
his conviction that some of the advo-
Gates of such tax have been picked
off" by the enemy.
The general opinion among the sup
porters of the income tax policy is that
the cause in the senate has been
weakened materially by the decision
of the president not to press for the
tax.
In the house an attempt will be made
to pass the Philippines tariff bill on
Monday and the Porto Rican bill on
Thursday.
Los Angeles herald., 1909-05-17
FRENCH POSTAL
STRIKE FAILURE
Three Thousand Employees Hear Vio-
lent Appeals for Revolutionary
Measures-Many Unions
Yet Hold Aloof
IRv Associated Press. ]

PARIS, May 16.-The postal strike
is virtually dead. The government Of
ficials announce that only 400 men are
out and these are expected to return
tomorrow.
At meeting today 5000 postal en-
ployes listened to violent harangues
from the labor leaders who prophesied
that grave events would follow acton
by the outside unions. A resolution
was adopted that the struggle be con-
tinued to finish.
Two other meetings under the aus
pices of organized union syndicates
were characterized by revolutionary
speeches, in which it was declared
that ''the workmen's 1898 is at hand"
M. Pataud, the electricians leader,
evoked enthusiasm when he recon-
mended the overthrow of the existing
regime.
One of the speakers, however ad-
mitted that many unions were not yet
ready to strike, and the assemblies
broke up after adopting resolutions
proclaiming the solidarity of the postal
employees.
The desperation of the strike leaders
is evidenced by the fact that destruct-
i've measures are now being carried
out, following threats made recently.
A band in an automobile today cut
thirty of the chief outgoing cables at
various points on the outskirts of
Paris. The police caught one of the
men red-handed, but the others es-
capped
There have been several cases of
wire cutting in the provinces.
Oil and other fluids have been poured
into the letter boxes. and in one in
stance the oil was set on fire, many let
ters being destroyed.
Los Angeles herald., 1909-05-17
KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS MEET
IN ANNUAL SESSION TODAY

WATSONVILLE, May 16.-The
grand lodge of the knights of Pythias
will meet here tomorrow in annual ses-
sion. 1t is expected 1000 persons will be
in attendance.
The lodges have 5000 delegates. The
town is well decorated and great eff
forts have been made in the way of
providing entertainment Five hundred
boxes of apples have been kept in stor-
age since last fall to be distributed.
There will be a barbecue Thursday.
when the Eagles grand aerie will ad-
journ at Santa Cruz and the delegates
will come here in a body. Two whole
beeves and numerous sheep have been
barbecued.
The tents of the uniform rank are
erected on the ball grounds. The en-
tire regiment under Brigadier General
Drifnl is here.
The program for tomorrow includes
a reception, an address by the mayor
on behalf of the city an address by
Judge Sargent of Salinas on behalf of
central California and responses by
Grand Chancellor WAGNER, Grand
Chief M. A. Clark and Brigadier Cen
eraI Drifhl.
Los Angeles herald., 1909-05-17
SUPPLY OF GOLD
NEARLY DOUBLED
WORLDS STOCK OF PRECIOUS
METAL INCREASES
Statistics Show There Is rs Per Cent
More Money Coined Now
Than Ten Years
Ago
IBy Associated Press.l

WASHINGTON, May ia prelim-
mary summarization of a series of
tables bearing on the production of
gold, prepared by the bureau of sta
tistics, was made public today
According to the figures, the world S
stock of gold has increased about one
half inathe last ten years and doubled
in the last twenty-five years.
The stock of money is practically 70
per cent more than a decade ago.
"The gold production from the dis
covery of America to the present
time,'' it is stated, aggregates $13,-
900 100000 in round numbers, and the
amount Of gold now in existence is
estimated by experts, still speaking in
round terms, at $11, 200, 100000 value,
while the value of the gold coin in all
statistics are available aggregates
81, 900, 100000
"The gold output of the worlds S
mines during the ten years ending
with 1908 aggregated $1,000, 900, 900,
while the product of the preceding
fifty years aggregated 50, 400. 100000"
The summary adds that, Consider
ing its distribution by countries, the
United States has greater supply of
gold money than any other country"
The figures are:
many, $1,O44 100000; France, S962,000-
600: Russia, $917, 900, 900; United King
dom, $565 100000; Austria-Hungary,
1903 900, ,000 Italy, s25S,0O0,000; Austria
liza, $158, 100000; Egypt. s140000,000: Ar
gentine $40, 100000; India, $113,000,000;
Japan, sos 900, ,000 Canada $66, 900 900;
Brazil, s51.0OO.0OO; Turkey, $4,000, ,0OO
Los Angeles herald., 1909-05-17
HAMlD'S HAREM
IS REMOVED TO
ANCIENT PALACE
CROWDS BEATEN BACK WHILE
WOMEN ARE ESCORTED
SLAVES OF FORMER SULTAN ARE
GIVEN FREEDOM
General schefket in Public Eye-De-
cIares Aid and Good Will of
Americans Is Much
Desired

ADANA, Asiatic Turkey, May 16.--Two
hundred Armenians who started away
from here yesterday were fired upon soon
after their departure by band of Mos
Iems. The Armenians returned here
panic-stricken.
The military commissioners, however,
gave assurances that the Armenians
would be safeguarded. and sent out pa
trolls throughout the country. The pO-
lice are taking active measures to restore
to the Armenlans their unburned houses.
Captain William A. Marshall, COM
manding the United States armored
cruiser North Carolina, now at Mersina,
and Edward +. Nathan, the American
consul at Patras, Greece, are at Adana
engaged in an investigation of conditions.
Los Angeles herald., 1909-05-17
GRAND AERIE OF EAGLES
TO MEET IN SANTA CRUZ

SANTA CRUZ, May 16.--The city is
filling with strangers, principally
Eagles and their families, who have
come to enjoy the festivities attendant
upon the meeting of the grand aerie
which will go into session tomorrow
morning.
Santa Cruz aerie has everything in
readiness for the parade, which will
take place tomorrow evening.
On Wednesday evening the delegates
will be the guests at a banquet at the
Sea Beach hotel.
During the day the wives and families
of the visitors will be taken on troll
ley ride.
Los Angeles herald., 1909-05-17
PHOTOGRAPHER LOSES HIS
BALLOON AT BAKERSFIELD

BAKERSFIELD, May 16.-Charles
p. Fox, a photographer of San Fran
cisco, lost a balloon valued at $3.50 to-
day while trying to take birdseye views
of the Kern river oil field. The ball
loon had made one successful ascension
carrying a camera, but when it was
sent up the second time it broke loose,
and when last seen it was a dark speclI
on the horizon, rapidly disappearing In
the direction of Mojave. A reward Of
$50 has been offered for its return.
Los Angeles herald., 1909-05-17
Earthquake in Canada

WINNIPEG, Man, May 16.-Reports
of yesterdays earthquake in western
Canada continue to come in. The tre-
NOR was not so severe here as in Sas-
katchewan province, where articles
were shaken from store shelves and
the shock was more abrupt At Regina
patients in the hospital were hurled
out of bed and people rushed in terror
from hotels and big buildings.
Los Angeles herald., 1909-05-17

second unit and water is now ready
for an additional $4,000 acres. Powell
is the headquarters for the United
States reclamation service on this pro-
ject Already the little town boasts
a state bank, two general stores, two
lumber yards, drug store, hotel, two
blacksmith shops, churches and school.
The farms are obtainable under the
homestead law, subject to the charges
of actual cost of supplying water to the
land. This charge has been fixed at
SAG per acre of irrigable land, payable
in not more than ten annual Install
ments, and no interest is required. In
addition to the building charge, the set
tier is required to pay an annual fee of
81 per acre for the maintenance of the
irrigation system. The first annual
payment of $500 per acre becomes due
and payable when the land is filed up
on. The Shoshone dam, which Will ult1-
mately hold the water supply for the
irrigation project, will be 32S feet high,
the highest dam in the world.