The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1909-04-06

oil cake which is Shi"oed T.. r,
one OF the most impOrtaN- So
of the Japanese farmer is l,roh+ "zrlS
which is. used to the amou-4 of ,>CL
100000 annually. This is sa,asS-9-
city, village and Country, ann il ID
regular market value. You ca1 r%S q
the wagons carrying his ss7ff ~ -"e-
tain hours every night in uuy Jana
nes city, and at these hours II i Itp''
to remain i'll ones hotel. Such ~ n>
nure is f~ermented IN wells .ova~
with straw awnings TO keen Gn+ 49,
rain. 1t is dipped ont in buckets a WV
EspTinll4ed directly upon the 1Iar,'
For this eaSon the average f0ra;gT~
who understands anything about I@,'
anese gardening will not eat ss,@E.
nor any vegetables unless c0oEaG
How the State Helps, the Farmers
This country has q live up-to-da,.
department OF agriculture. It is as
!sociated with the minister Of com.
merce, and it deals With almost every
thing that comes OFT Of the soil
has branches devoted to insect dis.
eases. to fertilizers and t.. sro"k rails.
ing. The nation is Going ali it can
80 make two blades oI grass grow
where one has. grown before; and il
is trying to open up new areas TO cuI-
tivation. Japan Ia Dee farmed for
more han 1900 years, and it is diff.
ficult to find much good unOccupi,5
land. Every available foot seems "a
be used, but by changing the hills
and more particularly by consolida.
ing the holdings of Wner who have
small tracts in the same district, much
has been done. AS it is nov. III.
fields are Of all shapes. Here on
spreads out like q fan, there one is
square and further on is q triangular
patch. The country is made up o.
patches Of all shapes and sizes, but
none contains more than an acre or
SO. The government has persuaded
the farmers Of certain localities by
ear OF the exemption Of taxation
on their lands for certain time to
unite or exchange their holdings 50
that they may make Rectangular fields
and thus do away with many Of The
boundaries and paths. This has not
onE increased the area, but has
brought about better farning and
deemed in the Hokkaido, or as W.
call it, Yezo; ana there is something
like 100. 900 acres Of new land there.
lands are being opened up in For
mosa, and an attempt is being made to
fill up the waste lands Of Korea.
House industries. Carried OH by Farm
AT present the farming country IS
ov~er-stocked With people, n most OF
the farmers have some sort OF nous
industry which they carry on while
not engaged in cUltivating the soil
In this way the winters are not wasted
as in our country, and: the nation ma
terially adds to its manufacture pro
ducts.
This phase Of agriculture is encour-
by the government.
Here are some OF the occupations
that the farmers follow during th'
idle seasons. They make starcI4@
macaroni, jam and dried fruits. They
manufacture straw braid, mat. fa1lnss
and the mats used for rearing SIN
worms. They make. baskets q aI
bags for Charcoal straw ropes
straw rain coats and straw hats. j"
many Of their houses~WeaVing GO OOH
and in some they 1nanufactur" Suh
paper. Some Of them burn char
coal, others make lime. and other E'-
fine camphOr. 49,.
Banks for Farmers.
One feature OF the, g~oyarnment a..P
is a part of the Japanese ,ba-Nl-
system. Their is one big banh. JA'
with q capital OF 3",t''.
O0O, Which loans money 70 l-'"
districts and to farmers assQcl3'."''
md eve to individuals upon re- 'S
security. It gives long ..t
loans, payable by installnlents an" q,
a low rate Of interest, and = -
ssues savings bonds. IN denOmins| ""7
as low as $3.50, for the enco]i.
nent of thrift.
And then there is the Indus
Bank of Japan, with a buslLe~
the same nature, Whlrt
/ capital Of about $4,000. 600 I'll
lu1nber of agricultural and ndu7..'
banks, each of which. has g capt
or more, which work III t'.
with the Hypothec H2l.
gaming to farmers and to the ca
owns and villages upon long tlrl'
It low interest. All ofNhese
oay good dividends and are ado"
heir SURPRISES.
MikadO to Honor fli0t.