Evening star., 1909-02-28
Turkey
Pacifed

Turkey upon indemnity to TIL"
latter for the annexation
of Bosnia-HerZegovina,
was signed the 24th instant at CONSTANT
nople by Grand Vizer Hilmi Pasha for
Turkey and by Ambassador Pallavicini
for Austria.
On the other hand it is announced that
Servia is still in ferment and maintains
her demands for compensation from Aus
tria in territory to unite her with Monte
negro and the concession of autonomous
government for Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Servia now becomes the keynote of the
ever-troublous question of the near east.
Europe recognizes the fact that Servia Is
probably not alone in the conflict, which
is reported as imminent. and which the
cabinets of England, France and Italy
are attempting to avert. Servia is Slav.
and behind her there stand the 1OO,O00,0OO
Slavs of Europe, a part of whom belong
to the ro-Hungarian empire. The
clinical elements of the population of
Austria alone are distributed thus: Ger
man, 9.171 .614: bohemian, Moravian, Slav,
5.95o.4S3; Polish, 4,252, 4S3: Ruthenian, g.
3s1,570: Slovene, 1,192.7sO; Servian and
Croatian. $50: Italian. 727, 102; Rou-
manian, 23O.963; Magyar. 9,516
Race hatred among these diverse ele-
ments in Austria is characteristic. With
some exceptions, the Croalian, for eX-
ample, it is a race war between Teuton
and Slav. Germany takes note of this
conflict and abstains from Intervention.
Russia, whose sympathies are Slav, is
openly charged at Vienna with secretly
aiding Servia.
Austria undoubtedly has counted the
cost of such conditions in the prospective
conflict. believing that they will be over
balanced by the aid and support of Ger
many. On the other hand can Austria
true, but an ally by the force of circum-
stances which are now radically changed
since 1882? Italy is Austria's impIaca BILE
enemy. Between them there is not only
race haired but the hatred which dates
from 1915 and which has lost nothing
of it's intensity since Italy was freed by
France from Austrian domination in 1859.
Mr. William T. Stead has written an
article In the Contemporary Review en-
titled, 1.-The Arrival of
Stead's the Slav.' 1t is pertinent
49,. and interesting. Mr..
ie'SAe' Stead expresses belief in
the evolution of race and the arrival Of
the Slav; his emergence from the position
and his establishment as the predominant
race in the east of Europe.
1.-THE Slavs of all the races Of Europe" ="
says Mr.. Stead, have received the few
est favors from the fates. Providence has
been to. them a cruel Step-mother. They
have been Graded in adversely and reared
In the midst of misfortune which might
we'll have broken their spirit. From CEN
tury to century they have been the prey
of conquerors, European and Asiatic.
Whereas in Russia they were able to as
sert their independence of Tartar and
Turk, they could only do so by submit
ting to an autocrat whose yoke was sell
dom easy and whose burden was never
light But for this Cinderel a of Europe
the light is rising in the darkness and
there are not lacking signs that in the fu-
ture the despised kitchen maid may yet
be the belle of the ball"
Mr.. Stead pictures the Slav In a SYM
pathetic role as the defender of the oc-
cident. as bulwark and shield to which
the occident owes its freedom from the
horrors Of oriental wars, when the Mongol
from the east and the Turkish invader
from the south. swept like d deSolating
wave over the Slavonic lands. The Mon
gols were savages compared with whom
even the ottoman Turks were humane
1t is computed by the historian that one
Mongol khan, in the sixty years of his
reign, destroyed in battle or in massacre
100000 of human beings.
!: X
Servia freed herself from her bar barian
foes in the twelfth century. and. taking
Belgrade from the Hun
Servian garians, esta blished there
her empire in 1854. The
oli"esAes' Turks defeated her at
Kossova in 1889 and held her in subjec-
ton until 1915, when Obrenovitch defeated
the Turks and caused Servia to be recog-
nized as an independent principality. The
treaty Of Paris 1856 placed Servia under
the protection OF the Christian powers
When Bosnia and Herzegovina rose in re-
volt in 1876 Servia rebelled against the
porte, but the treaty of San Stefano
recognized Servia's independence and she
was established as a kingdom In 1882.
1t was Catherine Of Russia who elected
to make Russia the elder brother of all
the SlavS. In her exalted moments she
dreamed of making the Slav the link be-
tween two continents. the mediator be-
tween Europe and Asia. She was baf
fled, but she did succeed in establishing
for Russia a treaty right to act as pro.
tectress of the Christians of the Balkans.
and she first familiarized the Slavonic
world with the idea of Russia's historic
1t was Catherine of Russia who first
perceived that the fate of the Slav was
bound up with Austria and
England, and 1t was Potemkin who it was
said inspired the policy of his imperial
mistress. who repeatedly declared that
the union of Russia and England was abb
solutely essential to the peace of the east.
When Austria only a short while ago
perceived that Russia had drifted away
from her in their joint policy in the Bal
kans, she was alarmed and straightway
projected the railway from the Danube
to the Adriatic. This scheme was suddenly
by the threatened interven-
ton of Europe in Macedonia, Intervention
which precipitated the revolution OF the
Young Turks.
Then occurred one of the most aStound-
ing events in diplomacy. one of the
most remarkable episodes in modern his
tory, the achievement of a bloodlesS revO-
luton and the proclamation Of a consti-
tuition by Young Turkey. There was
among the warning races
and anarchic Macedonia halcyon
peace began to reign.
Now follow the declaration of Bulgarian
the annexation of Bosnia
the fierce demonstrations Of
anger by Servians and Montenegrins
Servia demanded a right of way for her
railway to the Adriatic. Montenegro de-
control of her sea gates. Turkey pro-
tested automatically, and the Turkish
peoPie rendered the protest effective by
the application of the boycott
Mr.. Stead suggests that Servia and
should be invited to replace
the Austrian garrisons in the evacuated
sandjak of Novi-BaZar, and that the Aus
Such an arrangement would