davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1909-11-19
ONE HALF OF HEAT IS
LOST BY LOCOMOTIVES
EXPERIMENTS MADE BY PURDUE UNI
VERSITY AND UNITED STATES
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SHOW
THAT FUEL is WASTED.


THAT FUEL is WASTED.
AS the locomotives in service on rail
roads In the United States consume
more than one-fifth of the coal produc
ed in the country, any small saving o
fuel in locomotive practice at once be
comes an important means of conserv
ing the country's coal supply. For this
reason the United States geological sur
vey has given attention to the special
problems of combustion in locomotive
boilers, approaching this task from sew.
eral different directions. A report
bulletin 4O2) by w. F. NJ. Goss, just
issued by the survey, presents one series
of results.
In the fall of 1906 the locomotive test.
ing laboratory of Purdue University, at
Lafayette, Ind, began a series of tests,
one purpose of which was to determine
precisely the degree of efficiency with
which modern high-class American
locomotive utilizes the heat energy of
the fuel supplied to it. The co-opera-
ton OF the survey consisted in detailing
experts to assist the regular staff of the
laboratory IN the chemical and calorific
work OF the tests. This work included
analysis and tests of the smoke-box
gases, the fuel used, the cinders caught
in the front end, the sparks discharged
by the stack, and the refuse caught in
the ash pan.
HEAT BALANCE.
The purpose of the tests was to de-
termine the performance of the boiler
and superheater of a normal locomotive
while developing such rates of power as
are common in locomotive service. The
process involved careful study of the
various channels through which the
heat energy of the fuel is absorbed or
The averaged heat balance
Ior the locomotive tested shows that
out 81 per cent. of the total heat avail
able was absorbed by the steam in the |
BOILER and superheater, the remainder
being lost in various ways. For exam
pie, IA per cent. of the heat is lost
through the high temperature of escap-
ng gases, the products OF combustion,
md IL per cent. through unconsumed
uel in the form of cinders lodging in
he front end or passing out of the
york.
The results are more favorable to
economy than those attained by the
verage locomotive, as the coal used in
ne tests was of superior quality, the
locomotive tested of type better than
ne average, and the standards observ-
in the tests more exacting. These
however, have no great eff
'ct on boiler performance, and the re-
llts SO far as they apply, may be ac-
epted as fairly representative of gen.
raj locomotive practice in this coun-
y.
Observations on several representa-
We railroads have indicated that not
SIS than 20 per cent. of the total fuel
applied to locomotives performs no
motion in moving trains forward. 1t
lsappears in the incidental ways or ,
in the fire box at the end of
lie run. The fuel consumptive ac-
'unted for by the heat balance derived .
om these tests is, therefore, but so per ,
mt. of the total consumed by the aver :
&c locomotive in service-that is, the
per cent. heat obsorbed by the steam
presents but 45.6 per cent. of the to-
j heat from the fuel burned.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1909-11-19

Consul Harry A. Conant of Windsor,
notes the completion, at cost of ST.
500, 900, of the mile-length steel bridge
of the Canadian Pacific Railway near
Lethbridge, Alberta, said to be the
largest of it's kind in the world.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1909-11-19
Laces and Embroiderles.

The New York and 10 cent store
has just received new shipment o
aces and embroideries, ladies' collars
pillow tops, towels and table linens.
DAVIS & HOLT,
Is N. Augusta Street.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1909-11-19
Young Girls are Vi5t.ms

of headache, as well as older women,
but all get quick relief and prompt
cure from DR.. Kings New Life Pills,
the worlds best remedy for sick and
nervous headaches. They make pure
blood and strong nerves, and build up
your health. Try them. 25c at B. F.
Hughes.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1909-11-19
A Scaled Boys Shr1eks

Mortified his grandmother, Mrs. Maria
Taylor, OF Nebo, KY, who writes that
when all thought he would die, Buck
lens Arnica Salve wholly cured him.
Infalllble for burns, ,scalds, cuts, corns,
wounds, bruises; cures fever-sores.
,boils, skin eruptions, chilblains, chap
ped hands. Soon routs piles. 25c at
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1909-11-19

The Carolina, Clinchfeld 4 Ohio
Railroad is receiving propositions on
10 heavy Mallet locomotives, passen-
ger locomotives and IL first-class pas
senger coaches.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1909-11-19
INDUSTRIAL NEWS
Items That Will Interest Many of
Our Readers.

xThe Pocahontas Mining Corporation
will develop 10000 acres of coal land at
head of Big Creek in Tazewell county,
Virginia.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1909-11-19

The public roads office of the Nation
al Department of Agriculture is pre-
pairing to send an engineer and pho
tographer through the South for the
purpose of securing illustrated data of
the present status of road building and
road maintenance in this section. We
are glad that the Department has been
saved much labor by the publication
of official data on this subject from
more than 500 counties in the fourteen
Southern States, Oklahoma and Mis-
souri,. Photographic work of the kind
contemplated ought to supplement the
good roads movement and further the
work which Southern communities are
doing in highway improvement. 1t is
hoped, however, that the Photographic
visitation will not tend to divert State
and county energies in the South to
the propaganda for financial participa-
ton OF the Federal government in
State good roads work. Such partici-
patton would undoubtedly damage the
good roads cause.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1909-11-19

The Chesapeake & Ohio Railway has
not, as reported, made any arrange
ments to purchase either locomotives,
cars or rails.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1909-11-19

The Norfolk & Southern Ry. is re-
ported in the market for 300 freight
cars of from 80 to 40 tons capacity.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1909-11-19

AT the present rate of increase in
travel it is estimated that the railways
of Manhattan and the Bronx will car
ry 1,70O, 900, 900 passengers in 1920.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1909-11-19

The Southern Railway, it is report
ed, has ordered 200 stock cars of 80 tons
each from the Lenoir Car Works, Le-
noir City, Tenn.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1909-11-19

Send 10c.. name Of. paper and this ad. for our
beautiful Savings Bank and ChiId's Sketch Book
Each bank contains a Good Luck Penny.
SCOTT s BOVINE, 400 Pearl St, New York
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1909-11-19

The Baltimore & Ohio Ry. Co. has
ordered 24OO steel hopper coal cars from
the Standard Steel Car Co.; 1000 steel
hopper coal cars from the Cambria
Steel Co., and 1000 steel underframe
box cars from the American Car &
Foundry 20. These contracts amount
to about 81, 500, 900, and complete the
addition of 10000 new cars of the larg-
est capacity to the company's freight
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1909-11-19

Berwind, W. Va.-The Norfolk &
Western Ry., it is reported, is about
to call for bids on 27 mile extension
from this place through Cavetts Creek
to point near Tazewell, connecting
with the Clinch Valley division, for
which survey has been made.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1909-11-19

1t is announced in Norfolk that the
John L. Roper Lumber Co., which is
controlled by the Norfolk & Southern
Ry., has purchased the Kinston & Car
olina Railroad and Lumber Co., which
has line 25 miles long from Kinston
to Pink Hill, in North Carolina.
Staunton spectator and vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1896-1916, 1909-11-19

The Fairmont & Warrington Trac-
tion Co. according to dispatch, has
completed its line into Warrington
and contemplates a further extension.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1909-10-14

He IN itiny
OF 30 lem
bers of the
p h ilippine
c o n s { abu-
larry at Da-
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1909-10-14
MEN WHO BUILD OUR BRIDGES
Work That Demands Brains and .
Clear Head Invariably Performed
by Americans.

Edward Hungerford describes the
building of one Of the huge modern
bridges. OF the men who built II he
writes:
Looking closely, one could see a
change In the type of men who were
to weave the bridge. Scandinavians
might toll as 'sandhogs' in the bottom
of the tream. L%ithuanians might
mine the ore and Hungarians roll 1t
into steel-Americans would build
upon all their toll and erect the
bridge. These bridge-builders spoke
no unfamiliar tongue. They were the
product of Ohio, the middle west, the
south, New England; they rose i'm
~measurably superior to every other
class of labor employed upon the
work. Some of them had been sailors.
and their talk had the SAVIOR Of the
sea. All of them we're men, men
every inch of them. clear-headed, cool
headed, true-headed men.
IF you came upon them at lunch
hour, sitting high in the scaffoldings
that surrounded the unfinished towers,
you were impressed by two things:
their Americanism and their cosmopol-
itanism. The first of these was writ
upon each man as you looked at him;
the second became evident In talk with
with them.
This big fellow who had been q
sheriff out In Montana, and he must
have been a sheriff for bad men to
dodge; his ~neighbor was talking about
his last job-a railroad cantilever
down In Peru. The two side partners
over by the toolbox were just back
from India. American bodybuilding
talent encircles the world. Here was
a boss who got his first training on
the Thebes bridge down in Egypt, and
his assistant did some big work ON the
transsiberian.
These bridge-builders like the city.
They like to perch themselves above
"A busy river where folk on all the
craft may see them and appreciate. II
is a wonderful task, bodybuilding In
a crowded community. far more enter
tanning and wonderful for the work
men than spanning some lonely west
ern canyon and bunking II in camp.
Bridge-builders appreciate good living
quite as much as other folk."-Harp-
er's Magazine.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1909-10-14
What ~"champerty" 10.


One of the charges against Attorney
Joseph A. Shay Of New York. who
was suspended for a year, was cham.
perty. =
We wonder how many people out.
side the profession of law know what
champerty is. We doubt whether the
average man knows whether It is q
food. a disease, or n crime. Cham
perty is taking lawsuits on spccula-
ton. II a lawyer makes a bargain
with a client to conduct a case in con-
sideration Of receiving a specified per-
centage Of the sum involved, in the
event OF success, he Is guilty Of cham
perty. II a lawyer agrees to prosecute
a suit at his own expense on condi-
ton of his taking the bulk of the win
nings, he is indulging In champerty.
C~hamperty is a punishable offense
by common law, and In some states
by statute. The number OF lawyers
who practice champerty in some form
or other is probably large. Champerty
Is an offense against professional
ethics and an abuse Of judicial pro-
cesses. The suspension of Attorney
Shay for the practice OF champerty
and for other similar professional Of
lenses ought to exercise a wholesome
influence.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1909-10-14

ponies have been used most Of the time,
one OF the pictures shows what the men have
been put to at times of food, the carabo. the
unique Philippine beast of burden, having
been used as a cavalry horse on more than
one occasion. When on land his progress is
perhaps a trine slow, but he is a mud horse
OF high degree. a splendid wader and an even
better swimmer. Some of the Americans who
have had occasion to use the carabo as a
means OF locomotion say that they would be
almost willing to attempt the crossing of the
Pacific astride his bony shoulders.
AS a supplement TO the army Of occupation
and a go-between that is not military In any
thing save arms and discipline and which the
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1909-10-14
Sale Of Old Army Rle.s s.oooes.

1t has been the practice of the Unit.
ed States to sell discarded rifles to
dealers who disposed OF them indis-
criminately at low prices. The MAORI
ty Of such rifles have been going to
South American republics, but a short
time ago a large consignment was
bought by a %speculator and sold in
blocks to department stores in the
larger cities of the country. The de-
partment stores In their turn retailed
the rifles at almost nothing. So many
Of them were disposed of in Chicago
that the police department of that
city made complaint that such prac-
tice was dangerous, as 1t offered an
opportunity for people to obtain them
so cheaply that the city might be i'm.
periled In times of strikes and riots.
Protest was made to the United
States authorities, and this, coupled
with the fact that II has for some time
been considered unwise to allow the
rifles to go to South America, caused
the government to prohibit sales to
other than patriotic organizations
Popular Mechanics.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1909-10-14
CURIOSITIES OF


An authority says: ct is not at all an uncom-
mon thing to find the first and sometimes sec
ond egg of a Young bird abnormally small. but
l came across a case some few years ago
which was quite unique. In April, 1901. i was
hunting for a few clutches of the carrion crow
in some small woods, which were their favor
lite nesting places in that district. / walked
right through the first wood without success,
but on leaving 1t I saw, perched on a tree
some distance away. two crows. Guessing
that ] had disturbed them and that they were
watching me. ! walked on for soIde distance,
still keeping my eye on them. Sure enough.
as soon as they were satisfied that ] was leav-
ing. one Of them made of straight for a large
oak tree at the extreme end Of the wood
had Just left. On returning l discovered the
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1909-10-14

built out on the extreme end Of the lowest
limb of the tree. within 10 feet Of the ground.
and hidden by the underground below-a
most unusual position. | climbed to the nest
and was much astsnished at the contents. In
it were four miniature crows eggs. very little
larger than blackbird's eggs. and In shape
almost round. On blowing them | found the
shells were abnormally thick and tough for
the size Of the egg and they contained no
yolk. Knowing that crows invariably remain
in the same locality year after year, the fol-
lowing season | went to look for my friends
again and to my great delight found the nest
in a very similar position in another oak tree
within 80 yards of the first nest. 1t contained
five eggs, four exact counterparts OF the first
clutch and one of normal size, the only one
TO contain any yolk. The following season
] found them for the third time again quite
close to the previous nests; this time there
were four eggs. only one small one and three
full size"
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1909-10-14

dozen policemen in charge.
In the early days of the force the officers of
commissioned rank were all Americans. A
large percentage, a majority, in fact, are still
natives OF the States. but there is always op-
portunity for the ambitious and educated Fiji.
Pine to reach a promotion II by diligence.
fidelity and good hard work he desires to &C.
complish 1t.
The force at first appeared in a great va
riety OF uniforms. everything from the cast
OF blue and white drill of their former con.
querors, the Spaniards, to the rusty blue fan
mel shirts and khaki breeches of the Ameri-
can volunteers, who put Gen. Emilio Aguinal-
do out of business. To-day they are all uni
formed alike and their appearance is dis
tinctly natty. Khaki for service and general
wear, with shoulder cords and fac.ngs of
artillery red. caps or campaign hats, IN ac-
cordance with the season, wool puttees and
comfortable canvas shoes complete the rig
For dress occasions the officers wear snowy
duck and the enlisted men are privileged to
provide themselves with a similar costume for
hesta days and Sundays IL they so desire.
The Mahometan members Of the organization
wear the tarboosh or fez instead of the cap,
as may be seen In the picture of the Moro de-
tachment, which is known officially as Com
pany A. Fifth district constabulary. The fec
is OF crimson felt and the tasssl which hangs
to the eyebrows is of yellow silk.
A portion of the force il mounted. II is the
hope OF the Philippine government that, as
the Islands become more and more orderly
and the necessity for the retention Of regular
cavalry has passed. they will be able to make
nearly the whole constabulary a mounted
organization. Horses or the little Philippine
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1909-10-14

insular government can use as II will and
when or wherever 1t is needed the Philippine
coDstabulary stand comparable to any irresu-
lar force in the world. They have much In
common with the Indian police maintained for
much similar purposes by the v~iceregal gov
eminent of British India, but they are more
the soldier than even that famous body OF
conservers Of the law. Their discipline has
improved with rapid strides and has kept
pace with their efficiency and usefulness.
The constabulary maintains the finest mill
tary band In the islands. 1t was their band
which participated IN the Inauguration OF
President Taft and which later toured the
United States, giving concerts.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1909-10-14
a Modern organ in Old Church.

In pursuance of a decision to re-
place the organ OF Kings chapel. Bos-
ton, which was installed In 1856, with
a new one. workmen are engaged In
the ancient church in assembling the
parts of the modern instrument.
The original organ was imported
from London, and when it reached
Boston. more than a century and q
half ago IL was the sensation OF the
town. Many famous musicians have
sat at its keyboard. There is a ira
dition that before the organ was sent
to America 1t vas tested and approved
by Handel himself in London, and on
his account, as well as for other senti-
ments. as many OF the original parts
as possible will have a place in the re-
modelled instrument.
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1909-10-14

as the veriest of rockies. In the second picture.
straight. trim. clean. well-drilled and set up fit to make
even a regular look to his laurels. they are presented
again. In a third Of a year they have been converted
from semi-savagery and are representative members
OF one OF the best disciplined bodies of troops In the
world.
The Philippines have been divided into districts by
the constabulary and each Of these districts-there are
nve IN all-contains about a thousand of these soldier
policemen. The force numbers. in addition to the sub.
district of Palawan and the Constabulary school at In.
tramuros, Manila, something over 5000.
They are under the command of Brig Gen. Henry
n. bandholtz. who holds the title Of director. There
Is an assistant director, two inspectors and a STAFF
OF about a dozen officers attached to the headquarters
at Manila. There 10 a director for each of the general
districts OF the archipelago and these districts In turn
are divided into subdistricts and minor stations, some
or the smaller staiianS haYipa anir half
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1909-10-14
A Contradictory Invention.

- SontTau'Seo'y iHSc''e'oH.
'Why does Jones call the street
sprinkling machine he expects to
make so much money out of the Peer
less Paradox p"
Because he intends to raise the,
lust by laying It,"
The Beaver herald. [volume] (Beaver, O.T. [Okla.]) 1895-1923, 1909-10-14

- HE IN Tiny
OF 80 lem
bers of the
p h ilippine
- s { abu-
larry at Da-
vac has brought
to notice that
splendid o~rganiza-
ton, founded on
the remnants of
Aguinaldo's insur-
r%ectionary army
In the early days
of the American
occupation. For
the last eight
eight years they
have given to the
Islands a season
of law and order
and to various
tribes Of our new
er domain a re-
e for the mai
esty of the great
nation of whose
army they form,
though Indirectly,
an important part.
The mutiny, in
itself, amounted
to little. One
American planter
was killed by the
bullets Of the mu-
tineers and there
were two or three
IN e n
h the loyal
members of the
c~onstabulary, with
the backing of
h
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-11-13

Yerington copper camp is to have q
smelter within easy reach and it is to
be in operation, by next April. 1t is TO
be a 25O-ton plant, at the start, and the
mines of Yerington will have u freight
rate of not to exceed 81 a ton for con-
veying their ores to the reduction
plant.
Such is the news which. was brought
from the district yesterday by Captain
J.. f. Game, who has been looking after
his interests in that camp and locality.
The new smelter is being built by the
Western Nevada Shelters corporation,
of which James Yerington, son of the
for whom the town of Yerington
was named, is the active spirit. The
site of the plant is in Carson canyon,
where the company owns the full water
right of Carson river, obtained by the
Yerington from the Indians. The
company also owns 2S0 acres of ground
which is a vast tonnage OF iron,
limestone and volcanic ash-all of the
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-11-13
SHELTER AT YERRINGTON
WILL RUN BY NEXT APRIL

material required for fuxing the or.
The site is that of the old mill Of II.
Merrimac mine, which is owned By The
Yerington.
Material for the first 25O-ton section
of the smelter has all beenl ordered
and the work of constructing buildings
and foundations is under way. 1t is
the intention to have the first section in
operation not later than April /.
The site of the smelter is about 40
miles from the mines of Yerington. 1t
is on the Virginia & Truckee ~railroai,
which connects with the Southern Pa.
cifc at Moundhouse. The matter Of a
maximum rate for transporting the ores
has already been arranged.
The work of laying steel on the Cop
per Belt railroad at Yerington is being
pushed. The Y connections with lie
Southern Pacific line at Wabuska were
complete when he was there, and a
half mile of ties and steel had beea
laid toward camp.
The Goldfield news. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1904-1911, 1909-11-13

WONDER, New, Nov. 11.-Gold ore,
which it is said, assays from $500 to
$1,000 a ton, has been opened IN the
Bald Mountain district, White Pine
county, threatening a rush OF prospect
ors to that region. The find was made
when Jacob Mahir was doing assess
ment work on a claim that he had
owned for several years.
Last spring Lee johnson found near
the claim foat which, it was said, as
sayed $4,000 q ton in gold and 2,ooo
ounces in silver, but extended prospect
ing failed to disclose the ledge from
which it came. The float was white
quartz, and the ledge struck by MAnir
is pronounced identieally the same ma
terial.
The find was entirely unexpected.
Mahir had no idea he was near . Do
MANGA when he looked for an =