The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1909-09-20
HISTORY OF The
SEARCH FOR POLE
COMPLETE ATTEMPTS NORTHERN
POINT, 70 FIFTEENTH cENTURY-soME
petitions NEVER FRoN1-FINAL TRIALS OF PEARY


What is recorded relative to the
struggles of men TO reach the latitude
of 80 degrees (the north pole) is that
exploration has been going on with
varying success since 1927, when
what is believed to be the first his
torical expedition was sent out. The
name Of the commander is not CIV
en-, but it was under the patronage of
Henry VIII. of England, SO that the
history of known polar exploration
began with an Anglo-Saxon and has
ended in victory for one.
The ancient Norsemen may have
navigated the northwest passage;
they may even have penetrated to
the north pole-of that we do not
know.
The known record stands as fol-
lows:
HENRY VIII, 1527-First expedi-
ton sent out for discoveries even to
the North Pole two faire ships we'll
manned and victualled, having in
them divers, cunning men to seek
strange regions" One of these ships
was lost north of what is now New
foundland and the other returned to
England.
CHANCELLOR, DURFORTH and
WILLOUGHBY, '1553-Little data is
given concerning this expedition save
that it, also, was English and that 1t
penetrated to II deg. 70 min. north
in Europe.
CAPT. JOHN DAVIS, 15S7-This in
trepid voyager sailed his ship to the
sheet of water later named Baffin bay,
reached 70 deg. 20 min. north lati-
tude.
WILLIAM PARENTS, 1894 and 1896
-The expedition of this Dutch cap
tain is notable for two reasons; first
that it was the first one to leave any
authentis resord of it's accomplish
ments, and secondly, that it was the
first to cross the eightieth degree of
north latitude. In the first year nam
ed, the vessel reached II deg. So min.
in the region of Novaya Zemlya. Two
years later while searching for the
northwest passage the expedition
crossed the eightieth parallel near
Spitzbergen. The record was 80 deg.
1 min.
RYP HEERNSWERCK, 1596-This
was another Dutchman, following
closely upon the heels of Barents and
in the same locality. He succeeded
in passing 70 deg. 40 min, near Spitz-
bergen. -.
HENRY HUDSON, 1607-The dis
coverer of the Hudson river, the an
niversary of which is being celebrat'
ed this month, was one of the most
famous of the early explorers, who
in this year succeeded in passing to
80 deg. % min, in East Greenland.
This was while searching for the
northwest passage. This established
the highest mark up to that time.
Later he discovered Hudson bay and
was set adrift by mutineers. He was
the first notable victim claimed by
the "frozen north"
WILLIAM BAFFIN, 166O-The eX-
plorations of this commander were
confined to the region of the bay nam
ed after him. He reached II deg. 40
min. north.
J.. G. PHIPPS, 1779-Little is re-
corded of particular moment OF TINS
voyager save that he made a record
of 90 deg. 48 min, in the vicinity OF
Spitzbergen. ,
sCORESBY, the elder, 1SO6-Ihls
expTorer did much toward charting
the east coast of Greenland where ne
made many valuable discoveries his
record was 81 deg. 80 min.
sCORESBY, the younger, lelf-He
followed in the footsteps of his NUS
trious predecessor and succeeded IN
working farther up the coast, ADDING
fo the useful information concerning
II He reached so deg fiat.
w, q. PARRY, 1S27Captain Parry
an Englishman, here for the first time
adopted the plan Of attempting to
dash to the pole in sledges over the
ice. Heretofore the explorers nau
s1ncl, n their ships, hoping that the
drift would carry them to the coVeC'
cd snot. Parry left his vessel a.
snitztergen and loaded two 2O-lool
5oots on runners with dog sledges
ond sunnlies and by this means traV'
eIad 900 miles over the ice. he was
carried hack nearly half the distance
however, by the southerly drllC o. o.,
the mack. His highest marx was o.
deg. as min, which established ieo
ord for that time. 80
cPAAH 1S93-This explorer, by
the East Greenland route set ne"
mark with SO deg. fiat. MT,
SIR JOHN FRANKLIN lS46--I I'M,
great Englishman set sail with tWo
sbips, the Erebus and the Terror
with 1874 officers and men, and strucF
the west coast of Greenland. they
were last seen in Bafin bay latitude
IA deg AZ min north. No trace was
found of them until is years later
when. record was found of deser
tion No less than Is English anc
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