davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1909-01-22
AMERICAN HORSE
NEWS DEPARTMENT
News Items Pertaining TO All
Kinds of Horses are Solicited.

ADDRESS ALL COMMUNICATIONS F o r
THIS DEPARTMENT TO G.. A. CHAPMAN,
Room 81, BATTELL BLOCK, MIDDLE
BURY, VERMONT.
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1909-01-22

Green Mountain Rocket was by Dan
Jones, son of Abraham. II Green Noun
tain Rocket is as nice a horse as Oar
Jones, he is good one, for Dan was g
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1909-01-22
Rutland Railroad
TIME TABLE
In EFFECT OCT, 1908.
NORTHBOUND.
sOUTHBOUND.

Daily. I Daily except Sunday. Pullman
Sleeping Cars attached.
p Pullman Parlor Cars attached. Fol- de
tailed time tables consult folders.
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1909-01-22

An advertisement in the Register will
bring the best results.
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1909-01-22
Painter Bros.

Middletown, Indiana.
r. r. No. 2.
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1909-01-22
WEST CORNWALL.

sian-a-lin an IDEAL Laxative.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-15
EASTERN WAY OF FARMING
Farmers with Those Notions Have
Difficulty in Getting Started
in Alfalfa.

The majority of the new farmers
coming into our section are from the
central states and notice that they
bring with them. eastern notions of
farming, says writer in Denver Field
and Farm. Consequently in. attempt
ing to seed alfalfa they can not get
away from the eastern idea of seed
ing with nurse crop. The climatic
conditions here are such as to make
entirely unwise the use of, eastern
methods. During the spring, while
moisture is abundant, alfalfa may ger
inmate and start off nicely but as soon
as the soil begins to dry the nurse
crop robs the legume Of it's moisture.
thereby checking its growth Or kill
ing it altogether. Then too these
folks come out here with the idea
that they should seed their alfalfa in
August which is the wrong time in
this country.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-15

Ornamental trees are subject to me-
chanical injuries in thousand ways.
Street and lawn trees that are stu
ated where horses can get at them are
practically certain to have their bark
gnawed off unless protected with some
sort of guard. This is perhaps the
commonest injury to trees. The injury
shown in figure is an extreme case,
but can be duplicated on almost any
city street. The exposed wood in this
tree will soon rot, if not painted or
otherwise protected. and the death of
the tree is only question of time.
Mutilation III curb laying is usually
necessary and unavoidable, but the
wound can and should be treated;
otherwise, reproducing fungi find
Judgment and in few years the base
of the tree will be rotted out, as
shown in figure So. Fire is another
frequent cause of injury at. the base
of the trunk, and so also, in the case
of lawn trees, is collision with lawn
mowers.
Mutilation by stringing wires may
or may not be avoiLable in given
case, but it is certain that in the
country at large telephone companies
are responsible for an enormous
amount of sheer vandalism in the un-
necessary mutilation and destruction
of trees. Remedies for this lie only in
increased public interest and legal re-
striction Finally, unskillful pruning
and deliberate neglectt1of.wounds are
responsible for half of all the harm.
Injuries from wind. hail, ice, storms,
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-15
a NEW SCHOOL NEEDED.

The Wright brothers are quoted as
saying that they will build an aero.
plane for $500 for anybody who
wants one. Now that they have dem.
onstrated SO thoroughly the fine quail.
ties Of their machine--its great speed
and its birdlike ability to rise and sink
while sweeping over hills and valleys,
there must be a number OF adventur-
GUS spirits who would like TO own one.
The automobilists, whose recreation is
interfered with by bad roads and by
other vehicles would like to try the
smooth and vacant pathways of the
air, to fly as the bird flies, and float
over the ponds or lakes instead of
having to travel around them. There
is practical difficulty as yet, says the
Chicago Tribune No one can buy with
the machine the skill to operate it,
and there are no aeroplane chauffeurs
nor is there any one to teach them.
Orvtlle Wright is going abroad to in
terest foreign governments in the
American invention His brother will
teach some army officers how to han
die the aeroplane the government has
bought of him. After having attended
to that he will devote himself to the
business of aeroplane construction.
Along with that should go the estab.
ilishment of school where capable
aviator could give instruction to eager
pupils.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-15
CONDUCT DRY FARM
Scientific Methods as Practiced
in California for Years.
Farmer Simply Divides His Land Into
Two Portions, on one-HaIf Rails
ing Crops, Other Half Being
Summer Fallowed.

The system of dry farming methods
recommended for the arid states
Is that which has been successfully
practiced on the Pacific coast for
more than a generation, with such
notifications as are adapted to diff
Ierent conditions of soil, climate and
rainfall The farmer simply divides
his land into two portions, on one
half raising crops, the other half be.
ing summer fallowed. BY this meth
cd, which is easily understood and
carried out, the farmer has a long
season instead of short one and
drives his work instead of being
driven by it. Crops are produced
by this method when the seasons are
dryer than usual and one big crop is
raised with one blowing, one seeding
several civilizations, practically two
years moisture and one harvesting
The blowing must be deep. The
plan recommended is to pillow old
ground eight or. nine inches deep. 1t
is always better to pillow in the fall,
where possible, in order that the
ground may absorb the winters moist
Gre, the sod becoming decomposed
and the soil sufficiently compacted to
form good seed bed for spring plant
ing.
All spring and summer blowing
should be thoroughly narrowed the
same day it is plowed. If possible,
harrow land drill as welD ,diagonally
or at right angles to the way in which
the winds blow. The object in doing
this is to prevent the land from
drifting; to hold the snow which falls
on the plowed ground or winter grain,
to prevent the particles of soil or snow
from injuring the young grain in the
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-15

hulless, or the heardless brewing
barley, for feed, is short sea
son crop which will mature with
a minimum amount of moisture
Oats do well in all parts of the
arid country. Alfalfa will succeed,
but it is important to get seed which
is raised in the north, where the sea-
sons are short Bronze grass is one CT
the best drought-resistant crops for
pasture purposes, but it quickly gets
sod-bound and it must be narrowed or
disced to keep it producing we'll.
White sweet clover is being tested by
the Wyoming experiment station and
developed by plant breeders so that it
will become a valuable crop. French
clover or sainfoin is hardy drought
resistant clover at high attitudes. The
winter grains are especially favorable
for dry farming, because the summer.
fallow methods properly prepare the
ground for such seed and the spring
rains are sufficient to mature the crop
Winter rye is one of the most sue.
cessful dry farm crops and is one OF
the best feeds for hogs that can be
produced.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-15
SPREADING WATER ON HILLS
Two Systems Of .corrugation lrrisa.
ton as Demonstrated at the spo-
kane Congress-.

One form of the corrugation sys-
TEN of irrigation as demonstrated at
the Spokane congress, is applied to
soil where the land slopes in more
than. enc direction, the bitches being
made, to follow the. natural; contour,
which needs no grading. Water is
supplied through one box and the
bitches spread out in fan shape over
the land. :, y
Another plan of the so-called cor
rugation. idea, best adapted to sugar
beet, alfalfa and grain lands with a
gentle slope, showed water distribu-
ton by means Of V-shaped bitches or
rills 21s inches deep and about 1s
inches apart. The marginal, dixie or
basin. system of irrigation shows
bitches built surrounding the tract of
varying size running from one acre
to ten acres IN area. TO practice this
method successfully the land must be
level. or have only a gentle slope.
Sufficient head may be had in sthe
water itself to cause it to spread over
luS t6iouHu- .. ..i, ~, - ia.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-15
INTERNAL WATERWAY PLANS
Enough Now Proposed to Take UP
Several Million Dollars
All Can Mot Succeed.

There are enough internal waterway
schemes now proposed to easily take
up several thousand million dollars,
and all interests in various parts Of
the west are cooperating, says Irri-
CATION Age. The projectors of irriga-
ton schemes in the desert schemes
in the desert country of. the United
States. do not undertake to put their
wishes ahead of the champions of the
deep waterways from the lakes to the.
gulf. Nevertheless it is clear that all
these things can not be carried out,
and particularly clear that the United
States government will not go very
deeply into them. In the first place,
great many of the irrigation. projects
are local in their nature and can. well
be carried on by private capital, and
as to the lakes-to-gulf affair this state,
stands ready to start the thing with
$20,000,O00. The government has al
ready done good work, in the irriga-
ton line, and with the ideas of econo-
my that have grown up in the admin
istration lately, no large appropria-
tons in that direction can reasonably
be expected
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-15
lRRleATlNe .fHE sPuD CROP
Watering and Ditchins Delayed Until
the Plant Begins to Bloom or
the Tubers Set.

Ditching and irrigating are delayed
as long as possible. The rule is not
to irrigate if it can be avoided until
the potatoes are in bloom or the tu-
bers set, which will be within the
next fortnight. The ditching is done
with a narrow double mold board
pillow. Three horses are attached
and the pillow is run once in each row
at about the depth of cultivation, or
ten to twelve inches. This ditching
takes the place of one cultivation, and
If the ground is hard or if the first
irrigation fills the bitches to any ex-
tent. the operation is repeated SO as
to make the bitches deep enough to
keep the water below the surface of
the potato ridges. ,.u.
The details of irrigation depend up
on the size and contour of the field.
Many of the fields are so arranged
that the rows are from one-fourth to
one-half mile long. If the land slopes
sufficiently and continuously across
the field from the supply ditch, the
problem is simple. At the first appli.
cation the water is turned into a
lateral at the head of the rows. A
canvas dam is placed in the head
ditch SO as to hold the water back and
raise it into the rows. After the wa
ter has run in these rows sufficient
length of time to thoroughly wet the
soil, the canvas dam is pulled out and
reset farther down and the water is
stopped by blocking the heads of the
irrigated rows with soil. In large
fields the water is run in alternate
rows only. .s. 4.
The head OF water depends upon the
slope and length of rows. If short
and the incline steep, the head must
be small or the stream will reach the
far side so quickly that enough water
will not be used to thoroughly wet the
soil. On the other hand If the rows
are long and the land nearly level the
head of water is increased so as to
force it along the rows faster, or a
transverse ditch is cut through the
middle of the field so as to shorten the
distance the water has to flow. If
ridges occur in the field transverse
bitches are run along at their top and
lrrigating is done both ways from it.
When the water has run in the
bitches until it seeps through to the
unirrigated row, the soil is sufficiently
wet. At the second irrigation the
water is run in the rows not irrigated
the first time.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-15
GETTING AIR INTO THE soil
Russian Experimenters Claim to Have
Discovered Secret of Nourish.
ment Of Plants.
A London paper puts forth the fe

A London paper puts forth the fol.
lowing:
The Russian experiments in wheat
growing by which it is claimed 40
tons or more of grain can be grown
to the acre are arousing attention in
many countries.
The conical pits and frequent layers
of earth are not the only secrets of
the system. These Russian expert.
mentors maintain that they have dis
covered secret of the, nourishment
of all plants. They argue that "all
the observations resulting from the eN-
perience Of the culture Of corn by
'bushing shows us that the principal
condition for obtaining good crops de-
ponds mostly on how much soil can be
impregnated with air.
Experience will convince that by
the loosening of the layer of the soil
the earth improves in quality and in
creases in weight. This fact gives
us ground to suppose that the parti-
cles OF air as well as water contain
as gases all the elements of which
the soil consists
The truth Of the principle has been
acknowledged in some forms in Eng
| lish text books, but the method of OBJ
tanning the aeration is a Russian dis
covery, and most fascinating princi.
pie for experiment in any garden.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-15

And now come dispatches from
Winnipeg announcing that the yield of
wheat in the prairie provinces of Can.
ada this year will reach 130.000,0OO'
bushels. In the World Almanac for!
1909 the whole wheat crop of Canada,
for 1907 Is stated to have been 96.l
'6O6, 900 bushels. This caused some
doubt to be expressed as to the au-
thenticity of extracts from United
States consul's reports as to the in
crease of wheat production in the
northwest provinces which were pub
lished during the excitement attend.
Ing the recent wheat corner. The in.
crease of wheat production in the
Canadian northwest has been almost
sufficient to stagger belief. 1t will be
a great blessing to the crowded cities
Of the earth whose cry goes up for
bread.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-15
INSECT EATING
BIRDS KILLED
Robin Destroys Many Bugs In.
furious to Crops In Course OF
Year-Shor11d Be Protected.

Virginia, North Carolina and. Ten;
nessee have the undesirable distinc.
ton of being the only States in the
union in which the slaughter of robins
: is permitted by law, and recent in
vestigations show that not less than
100000 robins are killed by some !,
, 10000 .pothunters in. these three states
during. the winter, months Patient
investigation by. ornithologists has.
proved that robin in a year earns
ione dollar in the destruction Of insects
injurious to crops The pothdnters
sell them for five cents a dozen. This
wantoh waste of millions Of dollars is
something which Should appeal Is the
hard common sense of every;,sonthe
Imam investigation of thissaday51o,.
able bird, Il Slaughter, j a. writer dns:
. Recreation brings a sweeping ,india-
me mt against the sportsmen. of. Vir,
GINA, North Carolina and. Tennessee.
declaring that they are responsible.
for the lack. Of legislation fof b;rofe;c,
ton OF the robin Y tt Is asserted ithaaIf
as "a class they ha*ef'fof years s 81.
posed the enactment of laws tpiftfidf.
robins .on.:the forbidden ,list,...dan:, the.
ground that Il tie shooting OF: tlases
birds were made unlawful the pot
hunters; would. soon wipe OUT the.
quail It is a ,ffimsy argument aa the.
best. and will not stand the. test Of
analysis. Il & .s NJ + = ~,
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-15

lightning and other natural causes are
largely unavoidable, but the resulting
wounds can sometimes be treated.
Sometimes, when an unprotected
wound exndes sap in the spring, vari-
GUS apparently nonparasitic organ
isms yeasts, bacteria and fungi-will
begin growing on the wound and soon
form a.: slimys dripping mass over its
surface and running down.. from; the
wound. The, cambium beneath dies
rapidly and the acids and other BY
products Of the action Of the 'fernnenta-
ing organisms appear TO poison the
wood, So that.,the wound cannot pos
sibly heal naturally. Such "a, case is
shown in figure s.. This disease ma
turally affects the general health of
the injured. tree, and its death IS often
only a question Of time Death ire.
quently results from girdling, the fiux
spreading from the. wound until J. 1T
completely surrounds, theA trunk or
limb that It is on.
has proved very destructive, to chest
nut trees in New York and is spr reads
ing rapidly. Fit continues to spread
as it has begun It will become. one. Of
the most serious tree diseases in the
country 1t already actively threat
ems the existence Of the chestnut for.
ests ands orchards Of the eastern
states. 1,
r The disease is caused by. a fungus.
The spores Of this fungus enter. the
tree through wounds, insect pnnctures,
dead twigs, or dead wood anywhere;
possibly also, III other ways. From
the point of infection the fungus
grows in all directions. through the
growing layer and inner bark until the
GSUNth meets on the opposite side of
the trunk or limb, which Id this way
isagir1fieii. ~ s,s'f;s n s.,s4:ss
sThs dissase is very. conspicuous and
easy sbfg diagoRsis. ON limbs with
sn4etAa bark the. areas attacked. by
The fungus show dead, .discolored,
slnken patches Of bark, covered more
or 1esA thfckly with yellow, orange ! Or o.
,sown postnlss Of the fruhing fungus
tsae Fig a. ~ Is
Many trees, especially smooth
barkeds ones, have their trunks and
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-15
Alfalfa as Hob Pasture.

One of the greatest advantages OF
alfalfa as a hog pasture, Is the fact
that it affords freshtgrowth through:
out the grazing season. Ehei pasture
should be. moved at, least three times
| each season, thus taking of all the
matpred stems and giving opportunity
for the sending UP Of new tender
growth, although in this country the
job lis seldom done.lsIt iss.the new,
fresh growth that makes alfalfa pas
ture SO generally, preferred by hogs
and SO highly satisfactory as flesh
former. A hog does not Craze like
tie COW, horse or sheep, but is best
suited when it can bite OF a sprig OF
alfalfa, and does not from choice like,
to feed ON a. thick. heayy-coated sod.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-15

larger branches injured on the SOUTH
west Side by the freezing and conse--s
queht death of patches of bark. Dur,
ing the warmer winter days there is,
sufficient heat at noon to stimulate
portions of the growing layer into
premature growth such tissue is
killed if cold weather follows immedi-
ately. The injury often does not be-
come manifest until well into the
summer. The dead tissue forms
favorable place for the growth Of
parasitic organisms and such tree
usually dies from rotting in few years
This trouble must not be confused
with that type of sun scald which is
due simply to extreme heat in sum-
mer, when the growing layer may be
literally cooked. Such cases occur
most typically in the arid sections of
the southwestern states.
Trees that are worth the care are
best protected by wrapping the parts
liable to this sort of injury with straw
or paper Often merely shading the
part liable to this injury with a board
or shingles is sufficient to, prevent II.
Another winter injury often con-
fused with freezing is actual drying
out. This may occur anywhere, but
most typically in the higher attitudes
of the west, where the dry and rare
fed air. and bright sun favor evapora-
ton from the tree surface of more wa
ter than the roots can obtain from the
cold and frequently sandy or grapelly
soil. Evergreens' are especially sub
ject to this difficulty, since their leaves;
transpire to some, extent throughout
the winter. Whatever conserves the
moisture of the. sol. tends to decrease.
this injury; for example, mulciing
and fall or winter irrigating. Trees
normally hardy will often winterkilI
if unable to ripen their wood com
pletely; this often happens as a result
of defoliation in late summer.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-15

The Russian ministry of commerce
has prepared an; elaborate plan provid,
ing for the'general Improvement Of all
the seaports of the empire at cost of
$110, 896,237. The amounts which it Isl
planned to expend at Baltic ports ag,
gregate $14,011.aG2. This is a large
amount Of money. but Russia will get
more in return Cor 1t than III she were
to spend 1t all in the race for naval
supremacy Navies can be obtained
fast enough when nations are prosper
GUS; and the only way in which pros
perity scan}be secured is by enterprise
such as that indicated In the deter
niination to give Russia seaports that
will accommodate the commerce OF
the world.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-15

drill burrows by being carried along
these burrows by the wind.
Winter grain should be sown early.
Spring grain should be sown as early
in the spring as the ground can be
put In good condition and danger of
hard freezing is past. The earlier the
grain is sown the greater is it's chance
of stooling. Another thing of vital
Importance is to see that the seeds
are planted properly.
The experience of the most intelli-
gent and up-to.date farmers shows
that by sowing 30 to 40 pounds of
wheat per acre in the fall, better re-
suits will be obtained than with
more.
The press drill Is one of the essen
tial implements for the dry farmer.
1t puts the grain in in proper shape
and to the right depth, pressing the
soil around the seed, which insares
moisture to cause 1t to terminate,
making a gain of a week or ten days.
The man who sows alfalfa broadcast
generally puts in from 20 to 40 pounds
Of seed per acre, when If he uses a
press drill. ten to twelve pounds OF
seed will be sufficient.
The soil mulch is most important
factor 1t is by soil mulch that the
moisture is conserved. The summer
fallow should be In a granular form
Of small Jumps, but care should be
taken not to get it too fine. The OBJ
1 ject Of cultivating the. summer-fal
lowed soil Is to prevent the formation
Of a crust; to allow the proper action
of the sun and air; to break up the
capillaries and prevent the moisture
rising to the surface and eyaporating
and to intercept the growth of weeds
The soil mulch must also be
maintained on the land which Is
raising the crop. In the spring thor
oughly harrow the winter grain Cor use
a weeder), and remember that to de
this properly requires that the har
row teeth shall be sharp. There are
a large number Of farmers who are
afraid of narrowing their grain fol
fear of tearing out. The man who
once harroWs withta good team and
sharp harrow teeth will not only have
no cause to regret 1t, but will see thai
1t Ia always done in. the future. AL
ltfalfa and grass meadows SHOULD lbe
thoroughly disked. Because alfalfa
permanently occupies the land, disk
ing and narrowing ID the only meth
Cd BY which the soil moisture can be
properly saved Potatoes. corn and
other rdwed crops should be narrowed
up to the time they get too large. and
after that shallow level culture should
sba followed. b 4. i 4, IS
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-10-15

The announcement from Norway
that an electrician Of that country has
devised 9 storage battery which solves
the problem that Thomas A. Edison
has been attacking assiduously for
some years past may compel Mr.. Ed.
son to bring out the battery whose
invention he announced short time
ago. Inventive genius is working
along the same lines, and IL would not
be surprising were the storage bat.
ter to come out with several promo
ters. as did the telephone.