davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-26
TRINITY GERMAN LUTHERAN

bath by bell ringing. According to ira
dition. they were introduced into churches
in the early centuries of Christianity,
their first use in this capacity being In
Campana, about 400 "A. ID.
Between the sixth and twelfth cen
turtles. the use Of bells in churches spread
all over Europe. Most of these We're
hand bells, made OF thin plates of ham,
mered iron. bent into fou--sided shape
and fastened with rivets and bronzed. One
of these early bells was called The Bel
of Patrick's WILL" and il is still preserved
in Belfast
Gradually, as bells began to be hung
in the belfries or steeples. they became
larger, until the extreme was reached
in the construction o. the Great Bell
of Moscow" the largest in the world
which was cast in 1134. and weighs 1ai
tons. 1t is over twenty-one feet in height
and diameter.
Other large bells are the Great Bel
of Peking," whose weight is tifty-three
, tons: the "Kaiserclocke OF Cologne
Cathedral, made out of Twenty-Five
French cannon and weighing twenty-siN
tons and the Great Paul and b.
Ben of Westminster. whose weight =
between thirteen ard fourteen tons. Inc
large t bell in America is in the CatheGra!
of Notre Dame, Montreal. which has a
weight Of -. 4W pounds, while the churcn
of the Immaculate Conception OF ths
CITY claims to have the largest bell IN
Washington, the weight being given as
3,1d0 pounds.
In the manufacture of bells the materia'
most used in all ages and In all countries
has been a mixture of copper and TN,
called bronze. For long time i'm Europ"
the proportions were two parts OF copper
to one of tin, but now much more copper
is used the ratio being about thirteen
parts of copper to four of tin. Iron,
steel. gold. silver, brass and even glass
has been used in the formation of bells,
the glass giving a good sound, but being
too fragile for any practical use.
In Belgium and England particularly
chimes and carillons are very popular.
and large carillons of forty and more
bells are not uncommon. Many churches
have peals or chimes upon which tunes
are played. Tune-playing bells are some
times sounded by means OF cylinder,
lust as a barrel organ, while others have
a keyboard ard are played by a musician.
The best chimes are said to consist o.
from eight to twelve bells. The muff1ed
neal. which gives one of the finest effects,
is rung with a leather cap over hall OF
the clapper. This makes the chimes
first clear and then dull. In casting bells
the core or part which fills the inside OF
the bell is made first of brlckwork COW
cred with soft clay. Then the outer sur
face or mold is made and ntted over
the core leaving a hole in the top. men
the melted metal is poured in.
In older days bells were accredited with
sunernatural power. Storms. pestilence
and fire were supposed TO be exercised
10y them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-26

The excavations of the Celtic Union,
which are to be carried out in a scien-
titic manner by sectional tunnelins, VIII
interfere in no way with the ancient
landmarks on the hill or the graves on
its top. They will bring to light, it is
believed. many relies of the earliest ages
spears. swords, shields and domestic
vessels such as the pagans buried with
their dead-as we'll as arms and orna-
ments dating from Christian times. 1t IS
believed that much will be unearthed
which will elucidate the early history OF
Celtic civilization. much dating from the
interesting period when paganism gave
place to Christianity, and much illus
trative of the finest period OF true Celtic
art.
In the work on Tara the aid of Ameri-
can ard European scientists will be Civ
en- The profit will be Irelands first. but
all the world will share it. L'Union Gel
tique has for patrons the cardinal Arch
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-26

I is to the church
bell that we look,
involuntarilN. for
the first positive
knowledge that the
old year is actually
gone and the new
has come. 1t mat
tiers not that the
clio Ks and watches
tell us the news.
Not until the bells
all over the city
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-26

Ring out the old. ring in the now;
Ring happy bells. across the SNOW;
The wear is going. let him 90.
Rim. out he false ring in the true
Lord Tnnnyson.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-26

There are churches which in the past
had large and melodious bells. but out
of the growing unpopularity of their use
and the added expense have disposed OF
them. The old Fourth Presbyterian
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-26

Foreign Correspondence OF The Star
BRUSSELS December Is, 1909.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-12-26

hundred cupbearers distributed three
times fifty choice gcblets, which We're OF
pure strong carbuncle tgarnet), OF Solu
or of silver all"
At great length. in prose and verse,
the chronicle enumerates and describes
the retinue and the guests OF the KING ana
the entertainment provided for them. A
thousand chiefs were entertained in the
banoueting hall. 1900 soldiers, the body
guards of the chiefs were housed about
the hall. Fifty above a thousand was
the number of the kings household.
Near the banqueting hall was tie Rath
of Laoghaire, the monarch who ruled at
Tara when ST. Patrick preached there
and gained a great victory for Chris
tianity over Druidism, Easter Saturday,
t3a A. D. In the time of Laoshalre the
whole hill was covered with habitations-
the palaces of the king, the chiefs ana
the Druids crowded the hilltop, and the
sides of the hill We're covered by the
dwellings of the artificers, the traders,
the buntsmen and all the following of the
court Tara continued to be the richest
,.itv and the most important spot in Ire
and until the year o63. when it was
abandoned on the death Of Dermd, a
moparch who had incurred the anger Of
the church because Of his violation OF Inc
right of sanctuary, and in whose lifetime
Tara was cursed by St. Ruadh.
From the time of Dermid until the
nresent day no attempt has been made to
unaarth the rich treasures which lie on
the Hill of Tara. How rich these treas
,res are can be guessed not only from
the descriptions given in the ancient rec
ards. but by the finds which have been
turned up by chance on the hui. Ihese
include magnificent gold ornaments. such
as the tongues. found in 1910 on mound
near the churchyard, where they must
have lain for more than fourteen hun
cred years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-03-28
Shall the Liberty Bell Go?

from the Philadelphia Ledger.
The mayor declares that while he is
IN favor Of permitting the liberty bell
be sent to the Alaska Yukon exposi-
ton. he will take no action. The new
councils which are soon to take their
seats will make the decision. The
Yukon Alaskans are eager to have the
bell, and the San Franciscans, who will
celebrate the rehabilitation OF their city,
want the bell on that interesting occasion.
Newspapers in various parts of the
country have discussed the subject.
Many of them think that, inasqnuch as
Independence Hall is the shrine for the
DELL, visitors 20 thar shrine ought to
have some assurance that the bell will
be there. Others, admitting that the
presence Of the bell in different parts
Of the country is a spur to patriotism
and the qualification OF a natural Curl
osity and laudable desire, think that
there is danger In the perambulations
OF the bell, which may be destroyed
rrevocably. Others declare that though
there may be danger and though the
proper place for the bell is in Independ-
ence Hall yet since the authorities of
Philadelphia on other occasions have
sent the bell to expositions they can
not witA good grace refuse TO now. The
idea is that there shall be no favoritism
or Partially, but adherence to the prec-
, edent once established
The people of Oklahoma are thinking
of celebrating statehood, and, of course.
the bell must be sent to Oklahoma. New
Mexico, or at least Arizona expects to
be granted statehood next year, and
then the bell must grace the triumph.
The deniZens of Yuba Dam are to have
a jubiation over an irrigation accom-
plishment and the bell is needed. Dallas,
| Tex, is soon to see the fruition of her
hopes to have more than 100000 in
habitants. and the festal days in honor
| of the victory will be fiat without the
| bell Topeka. Kan. is to spread her
SELF on her corn festival, and will sub
nit 10 no discrimination, and as one
| locks down the vista of the years one
| may see the bell in perpetual transit.
| 1t will be evidence of hard heart to
| check the excursions of the bell for
other reasons. The squad of rubcund
policemen who attend the bell will have
secured a vested right and, therefore.
the bell must never rest.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-03-28
THE PARAGUAYANS.
An Easy-Going People in Bankrupt
Republic.

RepuDl1c.
From Van Norden's Magazine.
The infusion of Spanish blood and Gus
toms into the Guarani has produced
people with the faults and good qualities
of both In about equal parts. Dark Of
complexion, with strongly marked Indian
features: essentially gentle when unre-
strained or not unduly excited. careless
Of the morrow poor and honest, hospita-
BILE and generous, indolent and uncultured,
strongly Catholic in theory. but generally
lax in religious performances as to dog
mas--this is a rough sketch of the native
people. Asuncion. the capital, and even
the smaller places-Villa Rica, San Pedro
Villa del Pillar, Villa Concepcion--have
their aristocratic families. OF which the
daughters and sons are sent to Europe to
be educated, and which maintain an eX-
clusiveness that must be almost isolation;
but in general the people mingle readily.
In the early morning in the streets of
Asuncion the women gather in their long
white dresses, and barefooted. to sell their
wares. The younger women, Judged by
our standard. are beautiful, and from
carrying baskets and water jars on their
heads have attained an erect and graceful
carriage which our young women could
we'll initiate. Besides, when they laugh
they show two rows of pearls. and their
speech, in soft Guaran1 patolS, Is worth
going far to hear
When you see Asuncion you see Para
quay for ii is the most advanced city in
the republic. Its streets are poorly paved
it has mule cars. which run at long inter-
walls and low speed and the hotel accom-
modations are not exceptional: but there
is a kind of lazy, happy-go-lucky gayety
about the city that represents the national
feeling. Paraguay is hard up. Yes, al
most stone broke The currency is paper,
and the value SO small that for hun
dred dollars one receives basketful of
ragged stuff. printed in Germany to rep
resent some nebulous Indebtedness of the
republic Gold does not stay long in Par
aguay nor does it often enter the coun-
try.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-03-28
Lessons by the Navy.
ON the New York Press.

From the New 1Ork FreSs.
The chief glory of the round-the-World
trip of the battleship fleet was won in the
engine ROOM We're just beginning to
find out now how valuable the cruise
has been in a coal-consuming way. The
men down below have been working for
Uncle Sans pocket all the time. For ex-
ample: When Fighting Bob" Evans and
his jolly jars sailed away from Hampton
roads the fleet went mile on a minimum
of five and three-fourths tons of coal;
when the fleet returned the other day it
was covering full speed mile on five
and one-half tons. At first glance that
seems like d small item, but, taken for
the full mileage covered by the fleet of
warships and other vessels, it means
big saving. Our engineers have been
reading a lesson TO the world. The econ
omy they have perfected applies just as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-03-28
Another Insomnia Cure.
From Harper's Bazaar.

rom HaFpeF BaZar.
For sleeplessness fill a hot water bottle
and place it under the ankles; it works
better there than at the soles of the feet
Put a rather small amount of very cold
water in another rubber bottle and lay 1t
on the head. The cold water is more COM
Portable than ice. which seems exciting
rather than soothing. At first, says a
woman who has tried this cure, l would
get to sleep in about an hour and wake
again as the water heated. The cold
water would have to be changed four or
five times during the night; then once
changing was enough. and now if the
brain begins to spin after l lie down for
sleep / put on the cold water bottle and
am asleep soon for the whole night.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-03-28

that can be obtained for from to >
cents per gallon, or less if obtained as a
by-product of Pintsch gas plant. and is
applied from cans by the regular track
force without difficulty. a safety distrib-
uting can being used by which the height
and Intensity Of the flame may easily be
regulated. It is stated that no injury re-
suits to the rails and track work, for.
with ice on them. their temperature is
never raised above summer heat. An adj
vantage claimed for the method is that
the light given off during the night is eff
fective in SO lighting the yard as to rem
der the trackmen easily visible to train
men passing through the yard
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-03-28

The melting of snow and ice from
switches frogs and detector bars in rail-
road yards in winter time according to
the Engineering News, has been very
successfully and effectively accomplished
at number of points by burning upon
them a special inf1ammable oil that will
burn freely regardless of high winds or
drifting snow. The oil is said to be one
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-03-28

much to the merchant vessel as the ship
with twelve-inch guns frowning fore and
aft. In fact, it is said d report to go to
Washington will spread in detail the gem
eral utility in coal-Saving with a maxi
mum of speed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-03-28
Civic Federation Plans.

The organization of Maryland branch
Of the National Civic Federation will be
perfected next month. Former Gov.
Warfleld has announced that he will call
a meeting in April for the purpose OF
forming a state federation, and when this
work shall have been completed every
effort will be made to bring the first ma
tIonal convention of the body to be held
next September to Baltimore. It is the
purpose of Mr.. Wartield to select an exec
utive committee of 100 members to man
age the Maryland Civic Federation, and
these men will be chosen to represent
every interest of the state Industrial finan-
cial, commercial, agricultural. paternal,
mercantile. etc. MIR. Wariield is enthu-
sastic over the work he has planned and
expects to see the National Civic Fedora
ton one of the greatest elements ever
organized for the betterment of govern
ment and in securing uniform laws. In
the formation of the Maryland branch Mr..
Warfield will have the assistance of the
most prominent men in the state. ire
spective of political affiliations, and eX
celent results are expected to follow the
formation of the federation.
National Fraternal Organization.
The United Fraternal Association of
Maryland, which represents thirty-four of
the organizations in the state, is in pro-
cess Of reorganization. The scope of the
association has been broadened and with
the formal ratification of the reorganza-
ton plans on Thursday next concerted
movement will be started to organize a
similar association in the larger states of
the Union.
1t is the purpose of the organization to
send delegates to Washington, Richmond,
Philadelphia, Pittsburg and other cities
with the view of forming like organZa-
tons. The movement Is already under
way in Ohio. A. H. Bossong of Cincin-
natl, attorney, having been here in con-
sultation this week with President
John NJ. DeDonai of the Maryland asso
citation The Ohio organization will be
modelled upon the lines of the Maryland
association. The United Fraternal Asso-
Citations of Maryland was organized in
1907 and is the only organization of its
kind i'm the world. 1t represents about Il
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-03-28

quarter of million fraternal men and
women in the state and is one of the
most powerful organizations in the COM
monWealth.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1909-03-28
With the Usual Thanks.

From Judges Library.
Editor Perfect Ladies' Companion.
Dear Sir: Would you be good enough
TO print the inclosed poem in your es-
,eemed publication at your usual rates?
Respectively.
A. j. POET.
A. J. Poet, Esq.
Dear Sir: | would be. but the poem
isn't. Respectfully, THE EDITOR.
The citizen. (Honesdale, Pa.) 1908-1914, 1909-02-24
SYNOPSIS OF PRECEDING CHAPTERS

CHAP. l-Returning from Manila. Captain
Selwyn, formerly of the army, is welcOmed
home by his sister, Nina Gerard. her wealtny
husband Austin, and their numerous cnii1-
is part OF their household. Selwin has been
divorced, without guilt on his part, pY ms
wife, Alike, who is now the vile OF JACK JACK
Ruthven, with whom she ran away from
brother, Gerald despite the, young mans
neglect Of heE makes f6ends %1
mingling in the fast set. Gerald Is employ
ed by Julius Neergard, a reale state operator
W VIZ qpSs oSs aer SsT{a seT {SrdReSer lie tells her
Manila, who is coming to New York, In thee tIhee
PEI pEIieens te DECEASED s father was an archacoi-
ogist, and she has Inherited some 81 MS
scholarly qualities. Selwyn helps Gerald
undertake his reformation. V-Allxe and
Selwyn meet and discuss their altered rela:
lions. He Is INTRODUCED 70 Mrsi cs k9semHlna rlnsi
Keep Gerald from Gambling. VISThe friend;
shp C EILEEN and sewyPS Ss S s,eS esmb
ing. Neergard digcioses TO Selwyn, who is
Interested In his office, a. plan TO control the
sssensia to The slSbs e1stesce TRe plan
&us.in, I' VIZ denouHcss SeeTsard sSS lis
sSsaees knock AZ hs door, Seo sser
and d wants Sa to talk With selwpn. For mo-
%snt %sntGn snelG IF Eli u
resurrection. X-Rosamund distresses FL
ieen by telling her society is gossiping about
piaS S nas again fA At ioSs her house. @Aixe ana
S he Sy ber
visit at night to her ex-husbands room.
MI-Gerald' g increasing intimacy with Neer-
Esd sswyntb tbe whs oTbs
Neegard is. trying to break Into society
XIIf-Lansing invites Selwyn to make his
bought. Seiwyn declares he will no longer
let the past mar his chance OF happiness, and
Nina declares her belief that Eileen has fallen
restless tHxs and and disgasted @ WITH Ruthyen' viii
make mischief. Selwyn Is experimenting
with chaosite. his discovery is explosive; A,a
from Neergard's influence; XV-Through
Ruthven and the Fanes. Neergard forces
himself little way into society and tries @ t9
compel the Siowitha to elect him, Gerald
loses more and more at cards, sinking Eileen
money as well as his own. Trying to save
him. Selwyn qqarrels with him and then APP ap;
kuthven. He almost kills Ruthyen,, whose
heart is weak, when the latter hints at pos
ent. % XVi0Correspondencs between Alike
and Selwyn seems to confirm Nina's belief
that Selwyn's ex-wife Is. as her late lat father
was. mentally unSOuHus OelWyl UP
with Gerald and helps him out financially.
seriously impairing his own resources. XVII
AT Silverside, the Gerards' country place,
she will not Say that she will marry him.
Her brother SNOW turning over new leaf.
XVIII--Eileen and Selwyn make lifelong
aid renews his friendship with .Neergard.
Selwyns experiments with chaosiie are very
promising The younger set OF girls becomes 3e,nh e
jealously. XX-,The reckless behavior OF
Alike, who has left Ruthven and is cruising
yacht, furnishes gossip for society. Nina and
her brother are now convinced OF Alixe's ir-
resistablity. Selwln proposes to Eileen. but
give him her promise. They agree to remain
riends
The citizen. (Honesdale, Pa.) 1908-1914, 1909-02-24
"It Is strange" she said.

at Is strange" she said.
spar and funnel and contour Of hull
and superstructure twinkling in jew
eled brilliancy.
On great improvised open pavii-
ion set up in the Hither woods, gar
landed and hung thick with multi.
colored paper lanterns, dancing had
already begun, but Selwyn and FL
leen fingered on the lawn for awhile,
fascinated by the beauty Of the fire.
works pouring skyward from the Mo
brara.
'They seem to be very gay aboard
her," murmured the girl. "Once you
said that you did not like Mr.. Neer-
gard. Do you remember saying itT'
He replied simply, II don't like him,
and I remember saying so."
~It is strange" she said, ''that Ger
aid does"
Selwyn looked at the illuminated
yacht. II wonder whether any Of
NeergaFd's crowd is expected ashore
here. Do you happen to know7"
She did not know. A moment later,
60 his annoyance, Edgerton Lawn
came up and asked har to dance, and
she went with q smile and q whls-
0srod "Vait for me. II you don't mind:
An come back to you."
The citizen. (Honesdale, Pa.) 1908-1914, 1909-02-24
A Profit In Boarders.

Where nine women lose money and
wear themselves out the tenth makes
a fine profit keeping boarders.
And why is this?
The average woman goes into the
business without any system, or II
she does begin well she soon leaves
things in the hands of servants, who
plunder her either Intentionally or
through wastefulness. Then, too, the
personal touch is everything in a
house. can tell the difference in a
dining room instantly when the mis-
tress Of the house has been there and
when she has not.
1t is the same thing with the menu.
Without constant watching 1t becomes
monotonous. There is a big difference.
too, when the mistress Of the house
does her own marketing.
II she has good taste in interior
decoration, that counts for lot. An
artistic effect may be obtained very
cheaply II one knows how. and people.
prefer to engage room that has har-
monious wall paper and furniture than
one where things are more expensive,
but don't match.
The secret OF succeeding with a
boarding house. like succeeding in any
thing else, is to take an active per-
Sonal interest and keep It up. ' 3ii"
17 ' MAUD ROBINSON.
The citizen. (Honesdale, Pa.) 1908-1914, 1909-02-24

like climbing mountain. She rolle
over and takes another nap instead of
jumping out Of bed, glad that she is
alive. During the day she takes a
rest whenever she can and INDUCES
herself in hundred little comfortable
ways. She reads only the lightest lit
erature and shuns hard thinking as
she would hard labor. Now, that wo-
man is slowly petrifying all her men-
tai and her physical activity until by
and by she will be like block Of
wood. She may have to depend on
her wits one of these days, and her
children may have to depend on her.
Who knows? Is 1t right or decent for
her to allow herself to deteriorate in
this way?