davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1909-02-14
CHINESE RAILROADS.
Extension OF Means of COmmunica-
tiOns Throughout the Empire.

DaFll lalluGt1- u ne h1fleW < Reviews.
China's fatal weakness has been her
lack OF self-consciousness This Is 10 be
cured by a common education. by postal
service. telegraph, and railroads. IN 1872
there were 40 post-of1ices in China. in
1897 there were 2Sd5 In 1872 2000000 let
ters were posted. IN 1907 167.o00.0Oo There
are telegraph stations to-day in prac-
tically al the Isl prefectural cities and
many others. Every province is knit 70
Pekin with electric wires. The govern
ment has just bought over most Of the
shares in the enterprise, and proposes to
turn its large earnings into rapid exten-
sion Of lines. In November. 1905 orders
were issued from Pekin that telegraph
service ne established with Iassa. fl
Tibet There are to-day about 4.e}0 miles
OF railroad in China. with over LOO miles
under construction. so that kansu is the
only province IN the empire in which
railroads are not already running or pro-
jected. Five railroads run into Pekin,
and one OF these, the Pekin-kalgan line,
is financed. constructed. and run by Chi
nese without any foreign assistance or
advice whatsoever. This road tvnnels IN
der the great wall and heads for the
Mongolisn Desert. and in 50 doing seems
10 have cut the spinal cord Of the dread
ed earth dragon forever. The ministry
Of communications has recently laid out
a scheme for the correlation OF all the
railroad systems. with two trunk lines
bisecting the country from north to south
and from east TO west. with Hankow as
the center. and with radiating lines at
tached TO these great arteries Railroads
are no longer tsbooed IN the Celestial
empire. All concessions now provide for
the government taking possession OF
the lines after twenty-five years trafic.
and in October. 1905, a censor called upon
the government 70 acquire them sooner,
that they might fulfill their mission Of
building up trade and consolidating the
empire" In the same month the govern
ment suggested that a railroad should be
run to Lassa to facilitate the admins
tration Of Tibet. No wonder the grand
lama has left his ancient Businesses,
The Washington herald., 1909-02-14
REACHING A PENSION LIMIT!
Leading Republican Organ Thinks
Present System Adequate.

From the SeE YORK Tribune
There must be a limit somewhere 20 the
scope Of the pension system. Congress
laid down such a limit in the Law Of 1850.
and resfirmed il in the law OF 1905 Why
should it be removed now7 The trouble
Sith extensions Of this sort is that one
breeds another, and II the widow who
married a veteran forty-eight OF forty
nine years after his discharge from the
service Of the United States is entitled to
Ia pension, It may be urged next that the
Oldest surviving son CT daughter OF every
veteran IS likewise entitled 70 life support
from the government Under existing
laws the nation has provided most gener-
ously for the veterans OF the civil war
and those legitimately dependent upon
them and affected by their disabilities.
But the line must be drawn somewhere.
and Congress. having rounded out our
pension system in The legislation OF the
last four years. ought 10 set It's face
against further extensions.
last years expenditures on account Of
military pensions was sl55. so e4s. That
total has been exceeded only .once-in the
fiscal year ISs2-'s3. when the back pay
nents authorized by the law Of Iss1
reached their maximum-and is about 81.
oe0000 greater than the average expendi-
ture between 1888 and 1877. II Is apparent
that Congress has been most Openhanded
II meeting the claims OF the civil war
pensioners. since but for the increases in
rates and the numerous inclusions author
lied in the last four years. the annual sx-
penditure would now have fallen 10 less
than Sl2oeQ o00- Il IS tine 70 consider the
pension system as adequate and complete
The Washington herald., 1909-02-14
ADiscIosure ia Prospect.

The expectation OF some quite interest
ing Official correspondence is destined 20
be fully realized by the adoption in the
House OF Representatives OF a resolution
introduced by Representative Hay. an
efficient mznber OF the House Military
COMMITTEES. calling on the War Depart
mex for copies Of ali correspondence re-
latInsg 20 cadets at the Military Academy
who have been found deficient In studies
or conduct since January /. 1905. This
was the information which was sought by
a similar resolution introduced In the
Senate. BY EIr. Dick That resolution was
referred TO the Senate Military Commit
tee. whence it emerged carefully edited
50 as to extract from the War Depart
merit by Senatorial reausition some un-
Interesting and unimpUtant statistics
confined 10 the subject n hazing. which
appears to have prevailed to a minor ex-
tent AZ West Point Nobody need get ex-
cited over what the War Department viii
be able to furnish the Senate In the way
CT information in that particular. But
It is OF interest, and OF Importance as
wei. TO know about the recent restora-
tions Of certain cadets TO the Military
Academy Those cadets were originally
recommended for discharge by the aca-
demic board. Under the law they had to
be discharged by the President Later,
and after some correspondence between
Washington and West Point. 1t was an
nounced that these cadets would be re-
stored TO the Academy. II required a
Recommendation to that effect from the
academic board. and curiosity has been
awakened as TO the methods attending
such a reversal OF the view Of the aca-
demic board
Representative Hay has rendered a dis
tinct service 10 military discipline by his
persistence in getting this resolution
adopted. especially after the Senate MI
itary Committee had frustrated the ef-
fort in the Senate TO get the information
which ought 10 be fully known. It is sus-
pected that the disclosures. by reason OF
the Hay resolution, will be eniivening
and Illuminating.
The Washington herald., 1909-02-14
COUNCIL OF FINE ARTS.
Principle of the Institution RecOg-
mixed In Congress.
FT0n the ChioaFo Record-Herald.

From the ChicaEo Recerd-Her
The people Of the country vii not be
disposed 20 dispute the assertion that the
highest expert authority should be en-
gagged 10 pass upon designs for the i'm
provement Of Washington and upon aII
art work that Is undertaken by the gov
eminent There has been. however. a
woeful lack OF system, order. and prop
eriy equipped authority in much that has
been done hitherto by grace Of Congress
and this winter the President appointed a
council Of fine arts 10 supply a long-felt
want His relations with Congress wers
such that criticism from members Of tha;
body was inevitable. and it came or
schedule time. which is to say as soon as
the appointments were made. The law Is
quoted 70 prove that he has exceeded his
authority. but the council remains in q
position 10 act.
II is 70 be noted also that despite the
conflict. bills have been introduced in
both Senate and House for the creation
Of an advisory council. 10 be appointed
by the President, subject 10 confirmation
by the Senate. Under the legislation that
is proposed. the Office OF the supervising
architect Of the Treasury would be known
as the bureau Of arts and public build
ings, and the architect would have the
title OF director Of arts and public build
ings. The council would aid this official
IN various ways. Il would be its duty q
advise upon the character, design. site
and landscape treatment Of ali public
works OF architecture, painting. sculp-
ture, monuments, parks, bridges, TO as
sist in the selection Of competitors where
work IS to be carried out under cOmpeti-
ton; 10 make recommendations for the
conservation Of public monuments
Probably the Executive order VIII stand
until the desired legislation is passed. 50
that there is little danger OF a return tc
chaos. The subject. IL should be under
stood, has been long and carefully con-
sidered- IL has been given an exhaustive
study by committee OF the American In
stitute Of Architects, which paid due at
tentiOn to the practice Of foreign govern
ments. We have, therefore, fully ma
tUred scheme that should put a stop t0
such chickering's as there have been in the
past. and be a guarantee that the govern
meBt art work win compare favorabiy fl
all respects with that OF other great
nations
The Washington herald., 1909-02-14
Purch.ssbI. EmhIem Of Hernism.

The government has come very near
placing IN peril the value OF the medals
and badges which were authorized some
tine ago by Congress TO be issued to
those Of the naval service who took part
in the civil war. the war with Spain. the
Philippine insurrection. and the march
upon Pekin. Congress failed to appro-
pirate al the money which would De re-
ouired for the manufacture Of these en-
blems. and the Navy Department was
forced 10 confne the issue 20 those then
Of the service who were entitled 10 re-
ceive the decorations. Others not OF the
navy, but who had performed the serv-
ice IN the civil war and the war with
Spain. and the other operations. and who
we're as fully entitled 10 the badges as
those who remained in OF returned 10
the navy, were told they could have their
badges. upon the verifcatiOn OF their
claims as 10 service. az the rate OF %
cents per badge. This gives a CONNER
cial quality 20 the medal which most
people who wish 10 own one or who
desire to wear one in public dislike to
have associated with 3 decoration indi-
eating honorable service.
The War Department managed the
situation much better with their shortage
OF funds The badges were made part
Of the uniform and. Of course only those
entitled 20 wear the uniform were per
nitted to receive the medals. It has
been one OF the inconsistencies Of the
whole medal business that there should
be any restriction in the issue OF the
emblems. II an officer or enlisted man
rendered the service which is indicated
by a badge. he ought 10 receive It. OF.
IL he Is dead. his heirs should be the
recipients. Moreover. Congress ought 70
appropriate sufficient money TO have the
badges issued where they belong. with
out limitation. more OF less arbitrary, IN
both the War and Navy Departments
II is unpleasant for men who are en-
titled to a badge to be told they may buy
one II is not a question Of cost. which
Is little enough under the circumstances.
but If there IS any sentiment attaching
to a badge it ought not to be disturbed
by having the medal placed on sale like
a bargain counter trinket.
The Washington herald., 1909-02-14
SUNDAY. FEBRUARY Il 1sos
England and the Centenary.

An unusual incident attended the eele-
brafion OF the Lincoln centenary. an Incl
dent as significant as It was gracious. We
refer to the official participation OF the
British government in the national trib-
ute TO Lincoln's memory. On February 2
Mr. Bryce transmitted to the State De-
partment a dispatch from the British
foreign Office noting the preparations
which were being made in this country
70 celebrate the centenary. and request
ing the Ambassador 10 convey TO the
Secretary OF State the cordial sympathy
Of his majesty's government with he
spirit which inspires the United States in
this celebration and their desire 10 share
IN paying a tribute Of honor and appre-
ciation TO the strength and simplicity Of
President Lincoln's character. which not
ozly conferred such inestimable benefits
on the people OF the United States. but
tended to promote the freedom and prog
ress Of the human race.''
Covering this dispatch. Mr.. Bryce sent
a personal message declaring his admira-
ton for the splendid gifts and noble
character OF Lincoln and his happiness
AZ the privilege Of conveying the Official
expression Of the feeling entertained by
the whole British people. which joins
wtth the people OF the United States in
reveTing the memory OF the great and
good President
As stanton said. Lineoln's fame Is
with the ages; the whole world is better
because he lived and died Our heritage
Is Britain's, and Britain's ours. The com
municaton from the British government,
Inspired. no doubt by the thOughtfuIness
Of It's representative here. IS a tsctful rec
ogniuon OF a common history and a
common destiny
The Washington herald., 1909-02-14
RIGHTS OF JAPANESE.
Or tbs Same Footing SIS Those of
Other Aliens.


Everett P. Wheeler. N the Sew york Sun.
The japanese children whom ii Is pro-
posed to exclude from the California
schools are not American citizens. They
and their parents are. however. residents
OF California and are subject to taxation.
Their parents do pay taxes. and Japan
has the right &c expect that an American
State shall provide the children with free
education. and has the right 10 complain
III an American state refuses to do so.
By the treaty Of November =, 1894. be
tween the United States and japan It IS
agreed between the two nations that
the citizens or subjects Of each contract
ing party shall enjoy in the territories OF
the other the same privileges, liberties,
and rights as native citizens or subjects
Of the most favored nation "in whatever
relates to rights Of residence" Under
the constitution and laws OF California
ali resident children are entitled 70 edu-
cation Il Is therefore plain that by the
agreement which this government has
made the State OF California has no
right to discriminate IN educational mat
ters against the children Of the japanese
Under the Constitution Of the United
States a treaty is The supreme law OF
the land and States are expressly pro-
hibited from making treaties with foreign
nations. Therefore there can be no ques-
ton Of State rights. The Supreme Court
has IN many cases held the supremacy
Of treaty rights and enforced them in Op-
position 10 the statutes Of States IN this
il was only carrying out the memorable
words OF Abraham lincoln Come what
viii. l VIII keep my faith with friend and
foe.
Every European country does claim the
same rights for its citizens resident IN
this country that Japan claims for us
citizens who reside here. and the United
States makes the same claim for pro-
lection to its citizens who reside in for
eign countries. The idea that resident
aliens have no rights that citizens are
bound % respect is a relic Of barbarism.
Fortunately. there IS a Constitution Of
the United States. and under that irstru-
ment aliens have the right 10 sue IN the
Federal courts. Their rights have often
been. enforced in those courts when local
prejudice has prevented Justice being
done in local courts.
LeJ me add that there vas a time when
Japan excluded from its empire citizens
Of foreign countries At the earnest re-
quest Of the United States. Japan con-
sented that American citizens should 90
70 Japan and reside and do business there
The outcry on our part against the Jap
anese VINO come here IN pursuance OF a
treaty that we ourselves solicited and
from when we have reaped great benedts
is indecent
The Washington herald., 1909-02-14
LINCOLN AND THE SOUTH.
Speculation as to HIS Course Had
He Survived

Goodwin smith IN the New T0rk Sun.
What would Lincoln have done With
the SoUth2 OF two things we may be
sure. Though he could not have changed
his Official doctrine. he would have put
the idea Of suppressed rebellion as much
out OF sight as possible. putting as for
ward as possible the idea OF reunion. and
he would have sought counsel and aid
or the Southern leaders, especially Lee
and Longstreet. BY whom counsel and aid
would readily have been given. His death
threw reconstruction into the hands OF
men burning with passion. brought on the
carpet-baggsng government with It's
natural consequence. the ku kluN. and
made the situation almost desperate
Lincoln's fsvOrite solution for the negro
problem had been colonization. but Mexi-
CO and Liberia declined. and K must be
owned that the example o. Santo Do
mingo or that OF liberia Is not encour-
aging. Whether Lincoln would have
given the negro the ballot seems doubt
ful. He had ar one time disciaimed any
idea OF putting the negro on q level with
the white, seeking for him only the right
OF eating the bread be earned and the
protection OF The law. He certainly would
not have taken the worst course OF all
that OF giving the negro the ballot. thus
acknowledging his right. and then by de-
priving him Of il filling him with the
sense OF wrong. What viii be the end2
The Washington herald., 1909-02-14
.s1ere TechnicaIity.. /.

Prem the New York Journal q Comncrce.
The emoluments have been increased
while Mr. Knox has been a Senator. and
ne has been made ineligible for any civil
Office during the tine for which he was
elected 10 the Senate. To reduce these
efnoiuments for two years 10 the former
amount TO ft his case would be an o5vi-
Gus evasion. This. it is said. is a mere
technicaiity." but IL the purpose Of the
Constitution in any particular IS 20 be
evaGed as a teChnicality. where Is the
line TO be drawn? Congress is presumed
to know what Il is about when it creates
new Office or Increases the enOluments
Of an existing one, and Presidents are
presumed 10 know what they are about
when they make appointments. Mean
time, the Constitution is supposed to
mean what 4 plainly says. and not 10
give way 70 suit anybody's convenience.
The Washington herald., 1909-02-14

months, save and excepting the plainest
OF calico and the Ike. cut on straight
and severe Lines. and devoid OF all orna-
ment Furthermore. that she likewise
refuse to sdorn her head with any cover
ing other than cheap scarf: that her
shoes be OF the most economical persua-
sion. and so forth. and SO on. This. AYERS
this feminine Solomon. would bring on
the most strenuous business panic the
world ever knew. and that would tame
man beyond the faintest shadow Of
doubt
WomanlIke. the perpetrator Of this ap-
palling and altogether novel proposition
writes q. E. D. beneath the conclu-
sions Immediately set forth in the para
graph preceding this, and contents her
self with gratifying visions of mere mans
snnfhilation without more,ado. Alas, she
should hy the c. Q. D. signal instead.
Believing she has reached the end Of her
troubles. she has. in fact, but embarked
s little way on a perfect sea of them.
Theoretically. she has man vanquished,
rushed 20 the ropes and gasping for
breath; practically, She is not getting
anywhere al ali
Behold how man gently puts his antag-
onist down and out; observe the ease with
which he smashes her playhouse in ali
OF It's beauty and seeming strength. How
could the women ever manage TO go six
months without the frills. founces. fur
bellows. and fancy hxings they nigh,
have for the asking?
+ Cruel man. She never once thought OF
that,
The Washington herald., 1909-02-14
Dr.. Parkhurst and the Press.

The mztter of anonymous authorship Is q p-ac
teal muo-szncs n al readers q newspapers and
magazines. To read an srticis By unknown
sutho- is 70 pzt ons's sef under The ins,ructior
of an unaccrsdted teacher Rev. c. L. Parkhurst,
IN The New YORK ETeninz Journal
This idea. with a further calculation OF
It along the same lines. has led TO a good
tempered discussion. in which Mr. Ar
thur Brisbane. speaking impersonally
through the paper he edits. IS part;ci-
pating with his usual briHiance and
force
As a matter Of fact. there is nothing
anonymous in OF. about the well-conduct-
ed newspaper
A newspaper, Ike man, must have
character and individuality Il gets its
character and individuality through its
news columns. no less than through its
editorial columns.
i Is the newspaper that speaks and
teaches and leads. It is responsible for
everything appearing unsigned in its
columns-opinion, doctrine, narrative, OF
mere chronicle Of fact It is the ac-
credited teacher II adopts the views
It disseminates-the views Of its corps
OF thinkers and writer's. Il stands spon-
sOr for them. There Is not even al ele-
ment Of anonymous authorship.
Views expressed by q newspaper Of
character and individuality carry more
weight and force unquestionably than
such views would possess if promulgated
in the name Of the writer. They become
not merely one mans view-but the
newspapers views It's record is open
10 the world-as open as the day. It's
readers know whether it is moved by
holy or unholy motives. whether its aims
are high or low. It's policies honest or sor-
did What can the public know Of the in
huences actuating the individual? And
the average writer writes freest and best
when his work Is iT1personaL
Dr. Parkhursrs argument that 'an
opinion approximately measured by the
moral and intellectual competency OF the
man OF woman by whom the opinion is
expressed" is sound. but ne overlooks
the important fact that such compe-
tency is-not approximately, but liter
sIy-measured by the newspaper before
the opinion Of the man or woman is
adopted and put forth as the opinion OF
the newspaper
Take the good and able Dr.. Parkhursi
himself by way OF illustration. Il IS not
easily conceivable that bis doctrines
would be more convincing and potent FOR
good, IN some quarters, II enunciated by
the Evening Journal itself, rather thar
under his name. because the approx
mate measurement Of the man. where
ne is not vel known. unfortunately msy
be such as to minimize the Importance
Of the opinions ne holds?
As anonymous authorship does not en-
ter into The equation or the weH-ordered
newspaper. really there is no basis for
contention or even an academic discus
sion with DR.. Parkhurst.
II he had said that there should be in
every newspaper. besides character and
individuality, a personality also-such a
personality. for example. as wsttersor
puts into the Courier-Journal and az
Brisbane gives the Evening Journal
then he would have proclaimed a truth
The waning editorial influence IN the
last quarter OF 4 century OF many other.
The Washington herald., 1909-02-14
o CAPTAIN: MY CAPTAIN.
Ann L 1a

April Il. 1S65
Q CaTtaini my Captsini our fearful TIP Is done
The ship has westhsred eFeTy rock. the urizs we
sought is won.
The pogt IS near. the bells hear. the people an
sxultine
While follow eses the steady keel. ths vessel grim
and daring,
But o heart heart hssrii
o the bleeding drops Of rcd,
Where on the deck ny Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.
o Captain. ny CsT.sinl rise I'D and hear the bells
Rise ur-for you the flag Is iung-foz vou the baglg
trlIls
For you bououets and rib5oned wresths-sor yor the
shores a-c1oWding.
Fer you they cal, the sssying mas. their eargr
faces t1ruing;
Here. CAPTAIN dear father.
This arm beneath your head:
Il is sone dream that on the deck
Y0u'Te fallen cold and dead
Ny Captain does not answer. bis lips are reis and
by father does rot fee my am. be has 10 pals
nor win.
The ship Is anchored safe and sound. its voyage
closed and done.
F-on fearful TIP the sictor snip cones IN with Oh
5ect won.
Exult shores and ring o bells.
But ! zifh mCIrEful tread
walk the deck ny CAPTAIN lies.
Falssn cod snd dead
-Wsls Whitman.
The Washington herald., 1909-02-14

From the NeW YORK Evening Post
Gov Hughes appoints as Democratic
member OF his highway commission an
excellent citizen who was held 20 be no
Democrat Mr.. Taft chooses. for his Sec
retary OF state another admirable citi-
zen whom the Constitution declares in
eligible. And the electoral college. fol-
lowing high precedent, casts some votes
for William II. Taft. Of New York. Per-
haps Senator Burrows was awake when
he said that Nebraska went solidlv for
Taft last fan Accuracy in matters Do
htical has become such a contemptibla
thing that We dare not particu!arize dog
maticaiiy on any subject. save the exist
ence OF honest graft and blockheads. II
would even be rash 70 say the Constitu-
ton stlll lives; our Supreme Court Itself
seems TO entertain doubts on this score
al times