davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
WOMAN SUFFRAGE RIOTING
Delegates in Convention Call Each
Other Names-Almost Reach
Hair-PulIinp Stage.

Seattle, Wash.-The state conven-
tion of the Washington Woman Suf-
frage association was marked by
scenes Of confusion and almost VIC
lence. A faction numbering about so,
led by Mrs. Mary Arkwright Hutton,
of Spokane, sought to GUST the present
officers headed by President Emma
Smith Devoe, whose supporters num-
bered 200.
The report of the committee on
credentials declared that the Spokane
delegates were not entitled to seats.
On the debate on the report some of
the delegates called others thieves"
Glars" and "scoundrels," and there
was hysterical weeping and scream
ing
Being notified that there was a riot
in Plymouth church, a squad Of police
men entered and found the convention
in tears.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
W~ILLINSPECT MISSISSIPPI
Inland Waterways Commission Starts
from Buffalo on Long Trip to
Mouth of the Ohio.

Buffalo, N. Y.-The inland water
ways commission, under instructions
of congress, met here Thursday and
started on a trip of inspection that
will last two months. The commits
sion will go by lake to Duluth, and
thence to st. Paul, whence it will
start down the Mississippi river. end
ing the inspection at the mouth of
the Ohio. The commission will be
met at st. Paul by prominent business
men interested in the deeper-channel
project, and several important mat
tiers, including the proposed harbor
plans for st. Paul, the improvement
of the Minnesota river and the high
dam question. which covers proposed
work between St., Paul and Minneap-
oils.
Late in the month the body will
leave for Europe, to inspect the water
ways Of Germany and Holland.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Kuhn pefles Asylum Board.

st. Joseph.-That a crisis in the al
fairs of State Hospital No. 2 is near
at hand is the universal opinion OF
those who have been watching the
rapid developments at the institution,
following the recent investigation into
charges against the administration of
Doctor w. F. Kuhn. Superintendent
Doctor Kuhn's defiant reply to the
board of managers, made Saturday, is
believed to have drawn the crisis
much nearer.
In his reply Superintendent Kuhn
declared he would not permit the asy-
lum to be run as a political machine,
and refused to discharge the super
visors whose discharges were recon-
mended by the board.
Doctor Jacob Geiger. president Of
the board of managers, sent letters to
the out-of-town members, asking them
what was their pleasure with refer
ence to the reply of Doctor Kuhn to
their findings.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Girls Assailant to Hang.

Bowling Green.-Mert Holman, a ne
gro, was convicted of attacking the IL
year-old daughter of Charles Flowers,
of McCune Station, Mo, and sentenced
to be hanged.
This is the first death sentence In
flicted in Pike county since 1885. Moi
violence has been threatened ever
since the arrest of Holman.
According to the testimony, Holman
was aided in his crime by Marcellus
Butler, another negro. The pair held
the girl at bay with a razor. Then
they dragged her two miles.
Both negroes fed after the crime
Holman getting almost to Salt river
before he was captured. Butler was
arrested near here.
Cora Flowers, the victim, took the
stand for the prosecution.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
RECEIVER FOR c. .&ST.L |,
Illinois Railroad DefauIted Interest on
100000 a Second Mortgage
on the Road.

Springfield, Ill.-Judge Humphrey
in the United States circuit court, on
application of the Trust Company OF
America, of New York, trustee for the
second mortgage bond holders, ap'
pointed John P. Ramsey, president OF
the Chicago, Peoria & st. Louis rail
way, and Henry M. Merriam of Spring
field, receivers of the Chicago, Peoria
& st. Louis railway of Illinois.
The receivers filed bond of $4,000
each and entered upon the discharge
of their duties at once. The amount
of bonds on which the company has
defaulted in interest is so, 100000. The
railroad company did not contest the
appointment of a receiver.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
NEGRO NOT SAFE FIREMAN
Georgia Legislature Has Bill CompeIl-
Ing Employing Whites on Pas
senger Trains.

Atlanta, Ga.-A bill requiring all
railroads to employ on passenger
trains one white fireman. or assist
ant engineer, was introduced in the
senate. The bill requires that this
assistant shall be competent to take
charge of an engine in case of dis
ability of the engineer and authorizes
railroads to increase the passenger
tariff on all such trains so as to pay
the cost of this additional help. The
purpose is stated as "being not to pre-.
vent railroads from employing negro
flremen, but as an additional safe
guard to public travel"
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
LID ON AT CURFEW TOLL
Nebraska Saloons Must Begin 8 p. M,
Closing Friday-Are to
Open at 7 A. M.

Omaha, Neb.-The saloons Of this
city hereafter will put up shut
tiers and turn out lights when the cur
few rings. At Z a. m. Friday they be-
gin under the new law, opening at that
hour. They will close at 8 p. m. This
not only applies to the saloons in
Omaha, but to all in the state.
The men who look upon wine made
the most of their opportunity Thurs
day night. There were lively scenes
in the streets and barrooms around
midnight. Songs were sung and the
health of every one drank in all sorts
of liquors. The Liquor Dealers asso-
citation has voted unanimously to- obey
the law,
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
IOWA MAN SHOOTS PARENTS OF
DIVORCED WIFE AND FORCES
HER TO FLEE WITH HIM.
POSSE FOLLOWS IN STORM
After BEING Surrounded In a Barn,
Murderer Mawes His Escape
Life of Woman and Child
Is Threatened. .

Des Moines, Ia.-Ca1vin iLttlepage,
a farmer living near Valley Junction,
a suburb Of Des Moines, shot and
killed Elmer Jameson and Mrs. jamie
son, both parents of his divorced wife,
and then forced her and her infant
babe to enter a buggy which was wait
ing and flee with him.
The murderer then drove toward
Abel in a binding rain and hail
storm, but was pursued by a posse
from Des Moines. Farmers along the
highway with shotguns Joined in the
chase, attracted by the pitiful screams
of the orphaned woman, who cried
out that she, too, would be slain by
her former husband.
The tragedy is the result OF the re-
fusal of Mrs. Littlepage to live with
her former husband, she having bee
divorced from him last May. Threats
of murder on the part Of Littlepage
were often made, according to the
wife's story prior to the tragedy.
chases Farmer From Home.
Shortly before midnight the posse
was close behind Littlepage, who had
doubled on his tracks and suddenly
turned his buggy up an unfrequented
lane. At the home of Arse Butler,
a half mile from Valley Junction, he
stopped and ordered Butler to throw
I'D his hands and leave the premises.
Then Littlepage entered the house,
commanding his wife to precede him.
The posse was now close upon him.
In a few minutes the murderer came
out of the rear door, urging his wife
to follow, but she screamed and ran
out of the front door and into the
hands of Marshal w. A, Houke, OF
Valley Junction, and the advance OF
the posse.
Littlepage took refuge in a hay
barn and was surrounded there. He
is heavily armed, carrying a Win
| chester and a revolver.
At 1870 a. m. Wednesday Littlepage
succeeded in breaking through the
Gordon of officers surrounding him in
a barn on the Butler farm. The
fading light of the moon made it diff
icult to cover all of escape.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08

President Northrop Of the Univer-
sity of Minnesota probably would not
feel qualified to enter a Marathon
race. But he has shown himself pos
sessed Of good qualities as a Splinter,
even at 6S years Of age. He saw two
students smoking on the campus, and
as that was against the rules the
president started toward the young
men to admonish them. The offend
ers took to their heels, and the pres.
ident took after them. What was
more he caught them, and gave it to
them" good and proper.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08

An interesting outcome of Ii Sum
Ling's visit to Pekin is the formation
of a China-American Friends associa-
ton. The modern tendencies of the
Celestial empire are illustrated by the
fact that this movement was the cul.
mination of a banquet given to the
Hongkong newspaper proprietor by
leading Chinese journalists" They,
with many officials, listened with ap-
probation to the story of their guests
experiences in the United States, and
toasted President Taft as a warm
friend of their country.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Retrieved SLAYER Not Insane.

Jefferson City.-Governor Hadley
stated that he had received a report
from Doctor Ernest F. Robinson, mem
Der of the state board of health, and
Doctor E. w. Schauffier, of Kansas
City, whom he requested to examine
Claude Brooks as to his mental condi-
ton, and that they reported they
"were unable to find any evidences OF
insanity"
The governor gave no intimation as
to what action he would take in the
matter at the end of the thirty-day re-
spite.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
200 See Boy Drown.

Joplin.-Unable to swim, Gordon
Butts, 10 years old, of Carthage, Mo-,
was drowned in Center creek, at Lake.
side Park, ten miles from here, when
a boat containing himself and two
younger companions was overturned.
The accident was witnessed by a.
crowd of 200 people on the banks Of
the stream.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08

Automobiles are a necessity of mod
ern life, and their general use ought
to be encouraged, but there is no rea-
o why they should not be used with
due regard to the rights of nonusers,
who are an overwhelming majority of
the public. Those who have at heart
the progress of automobiling as an in,
dustry, a sport or a means of trans
portation will find it to their interest
to suppress the many reckless driv-
ers who bring their own occupation
into disrepute.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08

The athletic girl and the baseball
bat make a combination which, like
the great American game itself, is
hard to beat. A burglar out in Seat
tie, Wash, found that out. While en-
gagged in the interesting occupation of
burgling the home of a resident of
that city he encountered the girl and
the big stick. The result was the
knocking out of the burglar, who
dropped several thousand dollars
worth of plumber and was glad to es.
cape without broken bones.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08

The German boyle man will not
catch England because the brave,
bold Britons are not watching out.
Every now and then the very mention
Of a German invasion throws them
Into a panic. But, then, we had some
Of the same nervous feeling ourselves
about that Spanish phantom fleet
which invisibly ravished our coast.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08

King Edward has created a sensa-
ton in Paris by creasing his trousers
on the side. This interesting fact will
doubtless go laundering down the ages
among the other noted achievements
OF great men. Its special herois.a will
be appreciated by all who know the
tremendous force Of precedent In the
British mind.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Wife Murderer Found Guilty

Reno. Ney.-C. G. Petty, who shot
and killed his wife in the Methodist
church at Sparks, New, on the night
of March 8, was found guilty Of muir
der in the first degree, the jury fixing
punishment at death.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
SLAYER Of Rookkeeper Arrested,

San Francisco, Cal.-John Novak,
a laborer, accused of killing Miss
Caroline Braush, a bookkeeper for a
contracting firm in the office of the
company, has been arrested. The girl
was shot down during a dispute over
65 cents difference in a pay check.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08

Atlantic City insists that the ar
lists who model beach sand into stat
ues of Venus shall hereafter drape
their productions. A Venus rising from
the sea foam with clothes on would
have made Praxiteles go and jump off
the dock.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Ex.confederate srlqadIer a Suicide.

Oakland, Cal.-Gen. George B. Cros-
by, aged 50, a native of Kentucky
and one Of the few surviving brig
adiers of the Confederate army,
committed suicide by inhaling gas. He
had been suffering from paralysis.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Cincinnati Has New Water Plant.

Cincinnati, Ohio.-The system of
filtration and water supply for this
city and suburbs was officially com
pleted and formally transferred to the
city. The plant has been under con
struction for twelve years. It cost
about $12, 900, 900.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Cane cirardeau JUDGE Dies.

Cape Girardsau.-Judge Louis F.
Klosterman is dead. He was 70 years
old. For nineteen years Judge Klos-
terma0 was postmaster here, and for
many years has been vice-president of
the %Sturdivant bank. He formerly
was county judge and for two terms
was a member of the state legisla-
ture,
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
1900 Tax Dodgers Face Arrest.

Tulsa, Okla.-About fifteen hundred
tax delinquents in Tulsa county are to
be arrested and made to show cause
why they have no paid. Sheriff New.
block is serving the warrants.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
TWO sleep on Tracka.

Deer Field.-The dead bodies Of
Charles Brown, Of Wichita, Kas., and
Allen Wilson, Of 1859 Evans avenue.
Chicago, young men, were found
alongside the railway tracks near
here. It is believed they were struck
by a train while asleep.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Boat Explosion eurns Five.

San Francisco. Cal.-One man
is expected to die and four others
are badly injured from the blowing
out VI a boiler tube on board the
torpedo boat Hull as it was passing
down the bay at S~ausalito. B. f. King,
a fireman, was fatally burned.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Girl Killed Her suitcr.

Shreveport, La.-Wimbreck Boney,
Jr., was shot and killed by an
immigrant Italian girl while her faith
err, mother and sweetheart held him.
The girl sets up the unwritten law as
her defense,
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08

Jefferson City. The supreme court
reversed outright the libel case Of
Glover Branch against the st. Louis
Republic.
Branch obtained a verdict in Lafay.
cite county for $12,500, which he now
loses.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Young Teacher Elopes.

Montgomery.-Raymond Reed and
and Miss Edna Hutlz, a young school
teacher, went to Wellsville and were
married there by Riley Mansfield, who
is editor of the Optic-News, and also
justice of peace. The bride asked the
editor to keen it quiet. The groom is
only 10 and the bride 1S.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Gov. HadIey Makes Appointments.

Jefferson City.-Jas. Gill of Mont
gomery City has been appointed a
deputy beer inspector to fill the va
cancy occasioned by the resignation Of
Emil Schirmer. William Brown Of
Joplin has been appointed deputy mine
inspector for the western district.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
comners Welcomed in Dublin.

Dublin, Ireland.-Samuel Gompers,
president of the American Federation
of Labor, who is visiting Ireland, pre-
paratory to an European trip, was well
coined here at a special meeting OF
the Dublin Trades Council.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08

Relizan, Algeria.-Two sharp earth
shocks which occurred here caused
the collapse of the cliffs overhanging
the river Nina. There were no casu-
alties, but the course Of the river was
diverted.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Oldest Iowa B. D. Dead.

Des Moines, Ia.-Rev. William Bag
ley, the Oldest Christian minister in
Iowa, and civil war chaplain of the
Thirty-fourth Iowa. is dead here Of old
age. He was born at Montpelier, VT,
in 1920.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Iowa Rivers Overflow

Des Moines. Iowa.-Both the Rae
coon and Des Moines rivers set new
high water marks, the former at 1916
and the latter at al. Much damage
has been done to corr fields along
the two streams.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08

Man who tried to drown himself
was arrested the other day, and mo-
body tried to bail him out.-Cleveland
Leader.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Ford Car Gets FIrst Prize.

Seattle, Wash.-The protest of the
Shawmut car against the award of the
first prize in the New York to Seattle
automobile race to Ford car No. 2 was
disallowed by Robert Guggenheim, the
referee.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
MANOR Russe Under the Knife.

Chicago, nl.-Mayor Fred Busse was
operated upon for appendicitis. He
was taken suddenly i'll in his office.
His condition at present indicates that
the operation was entirely successful.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
New conper Penniea ready.

Philadelphia, Pa.-The new Lin
coin pennies coined at the United
States mint in this city are ready for
delivery. They are much like the old
ones, except that the Indian is re.
placed by a profile Of Lincoln.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
j. 3. Henderson, Jr, a Bank Director

Washington. d. C.--John B. Hen
derson, Jr, son of the former senator
from Missouri, has been elected a d.
rector Of the National Metropolitan
Bank OF Washington. Henderson is a
lawyer, a graduate Of Harvard and Of
the Columbian Law School.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Robbers Beat Up RecIuse.

Bismarck, Mo.-William L. Carney,
a wealthy r~ec1use, was found at his
home by his son, Thomas Carney, at
l o'clock Friday morning, unconscious,
with his face badly bruised.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Oldest Board of Trade Man Dies

Chicago, Ill.-Henry A. Towner,
who, when he retired from the board
of trade a few months ago, was the
oldest living member, died at his home
in Highland Park. He was II years
old.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Enolneer Killed in Collision.

Kansas City, Mo.--A collision be-
tween Wabash freight and passenger
trains at Missouri City, Is miles from
here, killed Engineer David Parrish
and injured three passengers.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Active Church Woman Dead.

West Frankfort.-Mrs. Addie Bur-
giss, wife Of ]. T. Burgess, a business
man, is dead after a lingering illness,
aged AS. She was an active member
Of the Christian church.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Steel Men Get Increase

jamestown, Pa.-The ten per cent
increase granted by the Cambria
Steel company affecting about 10000
men, went into effect Thursday. An
official is authority that the rolls will
thus be increased $1,000, 900 a year.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
FaIconio STAYS In Washinoton.

Rome.-A semi-ofhcial statement
issued from the Vatican says that
Mgr. Falconio, apostolic delegate
at Washington, will leave soon for
that city. The news of his approach
ing recall Is stated to be unfounded.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Dynamite Explosion Kills Blacksmith.

Chillicothe.--An explosion Of dyna-
mite in the blacksmith shop in a rock
quarry, at Breckenridge, fifteen miles
west of here, resulted in the death of
Dolph Hoover, of Moresville, and Sc
rious injuries to John Baker, of Brock
enridge, and Amos Frazier, of Mores-
vile. Bakers left eye was blown out
and he was injured internally. Two
large holes were blown in Frazier's
leg. The explosion was occasioned by
a spark from a hot piece of iron flying
into a box of dynamite, which was
stored temporarily in the blacksmith
shop. All the men near were stunned
by the conclusion, but those who were
not injured rallied and cared for the
wounded,
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Abdul Hamid Donates IS, 900, 900

London, Eng.-A special dispatch
from Saloniki says that former Sui
tan Abdul Hamid has handed the
authorities there a check for IS, 000,0 900
which will be devoted to the needs Of
the second and third army COLDS,
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Rnhhers Beat un RecIuse.

Bismarck.-William L. Carney, a
wealthy recluse, was found at his
home by his son, Thomas Carney, un-
conscious, with his face badly bruised.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Ian SQUADRON sails Home.

Honolulu, H. 1.-The training squad
ron Of Admiral Ijichi sailed for Japan
Thursday and the cruiser ST. Louis
will leave Sunday for Samoa.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
sarcasm.

The arrows of sarcasm are barbed
with contempt. 1t is the sheer in the
satire, or the ridicule, that gals and
Glidden.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08

Perhaps if the experiments in max.
ing paper out Of cotton stalks and
corn stalks are successful, the idea
will occur to some inventive genius
of making paper out of weeds.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
Train Kills TWO Trampers,

New London. Conn.-Two young
men who were tramping with
three other companions were killed
by a train a mile east Of Thames
river bridge, lear here.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
L.lnhtnlnn KilIa Farmer.

Chillicothe.-Frank Thomas, forty
years old, a farmer living near Mead
vile, in Linn county, was killed by
lightning at his home.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
small TaIk.

All the Baconian ciphers in the
plays Of Shakespeare amount to
naught.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08

London's taxicab charge is 16 cents
a mile. With us it's apt to be what
the taxicabby thinks we've got.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08


Now that the United States has
shown the world its new navy, it can
afford to advocate peace.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
And Reain All oxer2

An Indiana poet sings: Il want to
go back to yesterday" His wife must
have been waiting at the front door for
him when he got home.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08

Motoritis may not be classified
among the diseases to which human,
ity is subject, but it is raging as much
as the orthodox n and is quite as
fatal as any.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1909-07-08
M. K. & +. Shops Resume run Time.

Sedalia.-After four months of short
hours, the car shops Of the Missouri,
Kansas & Texas railroad here re-
sumed a ten-hour-a-day schedule in
all departments. One hundred addi-
tional men were also employed.