davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-08-11
INTENSE COLD in THE TROPICS.
Recent Measurements at Height Of
EIevar and Thirteen Miles

etSVSU anu tblIkCCu WlICSs<
! The existence of a layer of air in
which the temperature ceases to di-
min'sh with elevation has been OBJ
served in various PARTS of the world.
1t is about ten miles up. though its
altitude varies somewhat The tenn
peratures are asce, tanned with sound
ing balloons" which carry up self-reg-
istering thermometers and baromet-
ers. The latter give indications of
the height attained. Thu balloons are
not accompanied by human beings,
but the instruments are SO cushioned
that they cannot suffer from a fall
and are labelled so that recovery is
comparatively easy.
expedition dispatched by A.
Lawrence Rotch, of the United States.
and French expert, Teisserenc de
Bort, last summer tried to make
soundings of the atmosphere over the
Atlantic near the equator at con.
siderable height. Though some of the
balloons sent up by this party rose
nearly ten miles, they failel to reach
the "isothermal layer" where the cold
would not increase, Their theor-
mometers continued to register lower
/ temperatures higher they rose.
Mr.. Rotch was confident that the iso-
thermal layer really existed, but sus.
pected that it was at greater eleva.
ton than was reached by the ,nstru-
| ments. 1t now appears that a Ger
man expedition sent out to East Africa
1 by Dr. Assmann found that at level
considerably above that to which bal
looms went over the Atlantic not, only
was almost unprecedented cold found,
| but above 1t there was a comparative
| ly warm stratum. This wns discov.
cred last December over Lake Vic
toria, near the equartor The, change
from intense cold to moderate TEN.
! peratures was observed twice-once
at an elevation of $4,000 feet above
4 (about eleven miles) and once at 65,-
900 feet (barely thirteen miles).
Especially remarkable, says DR..
Assmann, is the great average de.
crease OF temperature with altitude
found Lake Victoria; the lowest
temperature encountered at $4,000 feet
was 119 below zero. Fahrenheit, with
a temperature at the ground (3,S0O
1eets above sea leveD of 70 above zero
a difference of almost 200 degrees!
The variability OF the temperature at
high levels is enormous in equatorial
as we'll as in higher latftudes. Two
-ascents gave readings at $4,000 feet
of los below zero, respectively.
In addition to the ascents of sound
ing balloons number of small pilot
balloons were sent UP to great alti
tudes to explore the direction and
velocity of the upper air currents, and
these showed the presence Of an up
permcst suRrent of air blowing near
| ly from due west, and flowing above
the regular easterly current of the
equatorial region. A similar discovery
was made some time ago at Cairo
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-08-11

tiles in both house of Congress and
signed by the President. The enact
ment of the bill aud the adjournment
OF the special session should be the
signal for the Democrats to open a
vigorous campaign to gain control of
the House in the elections of next
year.
The Republican press is already try
ing to make it appear that the new
law will fulfill the promises made by
the party in the presidential campaign
of 1908. Senator Aldrich and his
spokesman are claiming that the bill
Is a downward revision of the tariff
by its friends such as was indicated
by President Taft in his authorized
statement of last week 1t is nothing
of the kind
After juggling with foreign cost"
domestic cost" of production and the
reasonable profit" until the three are
fndistinguishable in the bill, the Re.
publican Congress is about to give the
country new scheme of tariff taxa.
ton, Of which monopoly protection is
the fundamental principle, which in
its essentials differs little from the
Dineley act which it replaces.
With all the influence of his great
office 1t will be found in the end that
President Taft has been unable to
get from Congress moderate appli.
cation of the protection idea. Approx.
ing the true principle of downward re-
vision. he will be overridden by the
bosses and manipulators of his party
in its application. The reasonable
profits" allowed in the bill will be
just what the beneficiaries of the bill
have chosen to make them.
But the people are not deceived.
They are not satisfied A vigorous
Democratic campaign will fix in their
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-08-11

have good reason to be satisfied with
their work. On authority of the Of
fetal Republican organs tine West
now knows that tariff revision. thus
far at least, has been a farce.
To-day's dispatches, after announc-
ing that the women of the country
have demonstrated their political
power by preventing an increased i'm
port tax on the cheaper grades of
hosiery and gloves, loftily add that
"the only matters of any Importance
which offer any chance of prolonged
dispute are: Hides, iron ore, oil, BIZ
luminous coal, lumber. wood pulp,
print paper, wheat and barley"
From this we understand that New
England hosiery mill bosses will be
able to keep right on with big profits
and starvation wages; Fulton County
glove manufacturers will still force
every sewing girl to buy from them
at $50 sewing machine worth So
in the open market; the New En-.
gland cotton trust will keep right on
earning dividends of from 81 to 81
pei cent and paying average wages of
S7.92 per week. and the New England
WOODEN trust will not only maintain
Its present high rate. but will be able
to pocket an extra $40 on every suit
of clothes made from American
woolens.
The nine items which we are told
are still open for discussion may nat
urally lie expected to follow the fate
of those already decided. The pub
lie is evidently to be hunkoed. The
people of the West are to be betrayed
into the hands of New England mill
bosses by the fact that Western Re-
publican editors are more Republican
than they are Western,
President Taft and the conferees
Uhould remember this: The West OBJ
jected to the oppressive schedules of
the Dingley tariff. and.-the West can
not be hoodwinked into content by
setting up higher schedules in he
House and Senate and then reducing
them to the Dingley tariff level. 1t
is not the Payne-Aldrich bill the PEG,
pie want reduced, but the Dingley
bill.
I Revising an imaginary tariff bill
downward is trick quite in keeping
with the trickery exhibited in tariff
matters by Payne. Aldrich. Boutell
Hale, Dalzell and their standpat Con
gressional friends and fellow servants
of the New England trusts.
Tarif revision thus far, with pain
fully feM> exceptions, has been huge
farce. and unless Dingley schedules
are materially reduced 1t will remain
a farce to the end of the chapter
Chicago journal.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-08-11
Wheat Joint Worm.

The fly which produces the wheat
joint worm will issue from straw
stacks and old stubble fields. Warm
weather will hurry them out. Farm
ers should make an immediate exam
nation of their unused straw and old
stubble fields and ascertain if the in
sects are present in the hardened por.
lions of the straw and if they are
about to emerge
When present in any numbers worth
considering 1t is recommended by the
Ohio experiment station that the in
tested straw be burned at once and
that wherever possible old stubble
fields be burned over. Where clover
interferes with burning stubble, loosen
as much of the stubble as possible with
a hayrake or harrow and drag the
borders Of the field and burn, or burn
in windrows in the field, even if it be
certain that some clover will be killed.
At the present outlook many locali-
ties in the central states are liable to
suffer more from this pest this sum-
mer than they did last year.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-08-11
TRUMPET FOR FINDING WATER
French Invention Which Is said to In.
dictate Underground Currents


An instrument which is said to have
been used by officials of the Water
Supply Department of the Paris gov
eminent was recently described at
meeting of the Academy of Sciences
in the French capital. According to
Fire and Water Engineering" (New
York;, it consists OF a large ear trum.
pet set mouth downward upon the
ground. which, near the mouth, has
an inverted metal cone, centrally.
placed, SO as to leave a ring shaped
space between the upper edges of
the cone and the sides OF the trum-
pet. On the upper end is rubber
tube terminating in pair of ear.
pieces, which the operator puts to-
his ears. In use. the instrument is
inclosed in box stuffed with insulat-
ing material to prevent the intrusion
of the sound of the outer air from
being heard. Various tests, it is claim
cd, show that the instrument attains
the results desired, and in all the
noise made by the running water
was somewhat like that which is pro-
>duced by the wind in the leaves of
trees.
TO show that the sound was, act.
Lally caused by the water and not due
to amy effect coming from the out
side, the instrument was taken a much
greater distance from the spot, and
the noise could no longer be per.
ceived. In order to make use of the
apparatus under the best conditions,
t must be placed properly in the
ground and in the spots which lie at
the lowest level. A hole is dug in the
ground about eighteen inches square
and from ten to twelve inches deep,
and the surface is we'll fiattened off,
so that the trumpet can be fitted
tightly upon the ground; also it
should be placed as fiat as possible.
The base of the instrument is then
sealed with earth to depth of four
inches, but without packing it down.
fhe two tubes are placed in the
ears. and the observer remains In this
positions for about five minutes.
Should there be flow of water with
IN a reasonable distance. the observ-
err should hear the sound as described
above. The instrument will probably
not detect the presence of water
when removed to distance,o of eight
hundred feet to one side. as was
found by the experiments
when it is desired to explore :;
piece of ground in order to locate
an underground spring for the pur-
pose of boring a we'll, a series of
holes should be dug at different parts
of the ground, and the point which is
best for carrying out the boring will
be the spot which shows the loudest
sound
Should outside noises interfere with
such operations. the apparatus as well
as the head, can be covered by
blanket to deaden the noise Persons
should not walk near the apparatus
at the time, nor should -the obserya
tons be made when near road. eX
cept when vehicles are at a great
distance"
Without more information about the
success attending the use of this de-
vice perhaps the story should be ac-
copied with some reserve That claims
are made for such apparatus, how
ever, is. a noteworthy circumstance.
The story is not itself Incredible.
Further light on the subject will be
awaited with something more than
Idle curiosity.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-08-11
warning to Fruit Growers.

Crown gall is term applied to GER
tain warty outgrowths or excrescences
upon the apple, pear, peach, rasp.
berry, etc., forming chiefly on the parts
below ground. On the apple these
growths are most apt to occur on
grated trees at the union of the root
and the cion. but they may form at
any place where the roots have been
injured in transplanting, etc.
Experiments by the department of
agriculture show that crown gall Ia
caused by specific parasite. Every or.
chardist should carefully inspect all
stock which he purchases for setting.
All trees showing evidence of crown
gall should be either returned to the
shipper or burned. and future orders
placed with nurserymen who can and
will furnish trees free from disease.
Under no condition should trees be-
planted which show growths of this
kind upon the roots. for not only win
1t result lin an unthrifty and unprofit.
able tree, but it will also endanger
other plants. s.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-08-11
ISIS ;k&S2 !! 5 ; # 4

Give the COW sunlight; 1t has its place
In the economic production of milk
Just as well as good food.
A successful dairyman feeds his
COWS this excellently balanced ration:
Glover hay and corn fodder. all the
COWS Will eatSup clean, for roughage;
for grains. peas and oats. ground fine.
and bran in equal parts by weight.
and feed one pound of grain to three
or four pounds of milk, with sixteen
pounds of sugar beets "a day.
For generations English farmers
have made extensive use of dwarf Els.
sex rape as stock food. This plant
may be described as rutabaga run
to head. The seed is sown like ruta.
baga turnips and cultivated without
thinning. Sow two or three pounds in
drills, or four or five broadcast, and
plant in early spring. The seed is not
expensive and the crop is easy to raise.
Experiments prove that heffer is
easier to fatten than steer.
If you have hog pasture 1t will
pay to fence off corner of the clover
meadow for them. The hogs will get
more value for you out of the clover
than it would be worth in the form
of hay, and save you the harvesting
of it.
If whole oats are scattered very
thlnly on floor and the brood sow
is allowed to feed on them she will
get enough to keep thrifty, while not
getting enough to grow fat. This also
keeps her busy and contented.-Inland
Farmer.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-08-11
Demand for Good Children
Tho Same Charge.

Chumpleigh had just been fined $40
for exceeding the speed limit.
Now, your honor" he said, II de.
sire to make charges against this DO.
liceman who brought me here"
What charger" demanded the
judge.
Same as mine. your honor" said
Chumpleigh. "If was going 40 miles
an hour in my car he must have gone
Al on his motorcycle or he never
would have caught me-"
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-08-11

In a Wisconsin experiment twenty
one pigs fed on rape for eight weeks
gained 81 pounds more weight than
the same number fed on clover for
the same time. But rape alone does
not make an ideal food for gain. Some
grain must be fed. Generally the
most profitable hog is the one that
farrows early in the spring. and sent
to market the latter part of the same
year. A hog less than a year old
that can be made to weigh 200 to $50
pounds will be profitable. 1t seldom
pays to. keep hog over winter unless
the conditions are favorable.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-08-11
Quite a Shock.

Bridegroom (expectantly) = Now,
my dear father-in-law, wish to say
just word about my debts
Father-in-Law (slapping him on the
back)-Did you say debts? Why, my
boy, I'll bet my debts exceed yours
three to one!-Fliegende Blaetter.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-08-11

Makes a Living as PavninE Agent.
A woman who appeared in a Lon.
don police court the other day was ~
scribed as "pawning agent" She
makes her living by pawning tlings
for her neighbors, who pay her ON
mission because they believe she can
secure larger loans than they could.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-08-11
The Poultry Yard.

The louise is night hawk.
Rush the broilers along. The quick.
er you can get them on the market the
better for you.
What is prettier than bunch of
thrifty chicks, all of one color and
breed, and as much alike as so many
peas?
AS every chick Matched carries the
blood Of the male, it is important that
great care be taken in selecting the
head of the flock.
Hens feel the warm weather as
much as other folks Give them a
shady place to sit down once in a
while and rest. They will do all the
better for it.
Some folks think that hens do not
need oyster shells when they can run
out Just. try giving them some and
see how that is. You will be wiser
after that.
One method of keeping lice from
troubling the poultry at night is to
suspend the roosting poles by wires
from the rafters of the house. If the
poles are smooth the lice will not re-
main on them if they are there at all.
Turkey hens are, profitable until
5 years old but it is a good plan to
change the gobblers every year. 1t re-
quires twenty-eight days to hatch a
turkey egg, and seven eggs are con-
sidered setting The nests should
be on the ground.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-08-11
Hgypt, ,by B. F. 8. -Keeuug.

Egypt, by B. F. 3. Keeling.
The ascents over Lake Victoria
were made from low powered
launch, and would have yielded better
results had faster boat been avail
able. is stated that with vessel
having speed OF some twelve miles
an hour this lake. is the best place
In the world for sounding balloon as,
cents.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-08-11
Wanted
More
Years

Years Z
s2seHeiSs2s.;sesssass;s,;ss;ssss;SsS
John was sitting on the old-fash-
ioned horseback in front OF the gate.
with >his hands FULL OF pink aud green
and blue cards Which he was sorting
Into little piles, according to color.
Different names were printed on diff
ferent -colors and picture of the.
owner Of the name filled one end OF
the card. 1t was Election Day in the
; town where John lived, and, of
course, everyone was more or less
Z excited. the boys rather more than
less. for each one was trying to col
lect more election cards than the
others. For days past no man could
come anywhere near a group of boys
without being surrounded and begged
to give up all the pasteboards In his
possession, and Of course, the boys
who could go farthest around the
town collected the most cards. But
small boys like John were prevented
by their mothers commands. as vel!
Z as by their own short legs, from 60
s 10. .,a" 80 50 % s 80. n..'e poa,us
a.t.n e sss no''' ia ..., anu une'es'
some good-natured big boy who had
a few cards TO spare.
John had made a special effort to
.on e"'ua sen so,hs
-, ~, 80, -, - ~. ~.
10. go VI -. .ne n.sn s."'o'. ~ Mhoni ne
mos e,n,;a,,a aaona, " s CIV 49, VIZ
!. h,.a oan.n n4.. s ,,' ~ e ~, ~ na, 49,
sa,,n. ~ -. ,'s, nc ."s ~
g We" ".sa
-. pu u ~. .. VI"
~ noaa. ~, ~ -. .",'u' 1 m as ns
( .a'a. no ;at ny Mou-u. M sol.ea !,
.~ ~" ~. pl'.s su.Neyeu
sneh sa ~. . 'san. a .. nc was n nu
aua,,o Iohn I"o sa,a ,s'es oi a.e &C.. or
o. Z. ~. w.
aa,.as,, .,sa sao.,,au 49,, ,,he
...,,,; ,.,.,, ~. A. -,
So. 80, $500
~ 80
,.hn s,,,1,het a.ns,,..,, ~ ~
-s,,a =, 49,. .o,,,s ~. ~, aa
-,
ny -
tain. with a twinkle in his eye.
-. - =. g.,
s -. -
couldn't He shnffled the cards in
much embarrassment.
'"Why can't you vote. 1ohn?" asked
Miss Alice, encouragingly.
John looked up. 81 guess" he
said. slowly, II guess it's because ]
haven't enough election cards"
Miss Alice and the captain looked
at each ether and smiled. and the
captain suid as they passed on. ut
isn't more election cards that You
need, John. it's more years. You
haven't quite enough of those. yet,
to be able to vote"
johp Thought about this for a long
Mmcs it was true that he had wasted
his time in collecting cards: But II
people were willing to give him
cards, perhaps he could find someone
VINO Woaia spare nsn q ~ year , OF Two
n.e 'e'ne'l, ., leu WIZ, .ne po..se'i .aa
VINO so','e.l,Aes maihea a,ua"u .n ne
ns's npo.Aueu nau uns 80, au .1'',,. nns a
W. We, voc !. ~. ~. s ~
~ ~ ~, ,' 80 ~. leu III .,an.ta.
Judge had gvsh the ah imam
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-08-11
To Win the House,

There is hardly room for a doubt that
makeshift tariff bill will be agreed
upon by the conferees or that it will
be accepted by the Republican major
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-08-11
Live Stock Raising.

When one has young pigs and breed
ing stock to care for he must think
further than merely what food will
fatten most.
Feeding without care is useless.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-08-11
Can Heave. he Cured,

Some good horsemen say heaves can
not be cured permanently. However,
the trouble is constantly and rapidly
Increasing. the case is a mild one
and Of recent origin it may often be
cured entirely by turning the horse
out to pasture for two or three
months. If 1t is necessary, however,
to work a horse affected with this
trouble, he can be relieved greatly by
feeding no hay except at night, and
then only very small amount of
clean and bright hay. entirely free
from dust. If there is any danger Of
dust 1t is well to dampen it. but only
bright hay should be given. Roots
will be found helpful; beets, turnips,
potatoes or anything of that sort that
the horse will eat. The amount Of
water should be limited as much as
possible. and no horse with heaves
should be given water for two or
three hours previous to going to work.
DR.. Law recommends arsenic in
5-grain doses daily and continued for
month or two months as especially
valuable, and says that the bowels
must be kept easy by laxatives, IL
necessary. By treatment of this sort
a horse with heaves can be greatly re-
lieved. When the disease first comes
on it will pay to turn the horse to
grass, with the hope of effecting a
cure at once and before the disease
progresses to the extent where 1t be-
comes ncurable.-Farmers and Drov-
ers' Journal.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-08-11
Farmer May Make cigars.

t'Aay mike ClRaEhs
AT Intervals after the cigar leaf to.
bacco crop has been harvested in
quiries are received concerning the
right of the farmer to manufacture CT
CARS for home use or to sell the to-
bacco to a person other than an au-
thorized dealer or manufacturer. For
the information of all such persons an
explanation of the laws and regula-
tons of the Treasury Department has
been obtained from the Office of the
commissioner of internal revenue.
"under existing laws" writes the
commissioner "a farmer or grower
of tobacco has right to sell leaf to-
bacco of his own growth and raising
to any person in any quantity which
may be desired, provided the condition
OF such leaf tobacco has not been
changed in any manner from that in,
which 1t was cured on the farm. The
manufacture of cigars in small way
by any person for his own use and
consumption is permissible when the
cigars are manufactured solely for the
use of the person making them and
are not removed from the place of
manufacture for consumption or sale.
NO taxes are required to qualify as
manufacturer or make any reportsos
Unless the person Intending to
manufacture cigars as above desired
should be farmer or shall secure
his stock of tobacco directly from the
farmer, all other sources of supply
would be closed to him by the require
ment of the law. which provides that
dealers in leaf tobacco shall sell only
to other dealers and to manufacturers
of tobacco or cigars or to such per-
sons as are known to be purchasers"
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-08-11
Some Alfalfa Pointers.

Alfalfa grows best on deep, sandy
loan, underlaid by loose and perme-
able subsoil.
1t will not grow if there is an ex-
cess of water in the soil. The land
must be well drained. Pillow the land
deeply-alfalfa is deep feeder.
Sow alone and screen seed before
using to separate the dodder and 9TH
er weed seeds. Dodder is the worst
enemy of alfalfa.
For hay crop sow 20 to 80 pounds
of seed per acre. For crop of seed
SOW IA to is pounds per acre.
Alfalfa does not attain maturity
until the third or fourth year, so do
not sow it expecting to get the best
results in less time. Keep the weeds
moved and raked off the first season,
or they will choke out the crop.
Cut the hay when the first flowers
appear. If cut in full bloom the hay
will be woody. For seed cut when the
middle clusters of the seed pods are
dark brown.
Whether or not alfalfa is hardy,
profitable crop in the Northern States
has not yet been fully demonstrated,
but in some instances it has been
grown successfully even in Canada
Farmers and Drovers' Journal.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1909-08-11
CurbinE the Appetite..

If the biceps require the dumb-bells,
If the intellect require mathematics,
ioglcs and classics, so the appetites
and desires require careful discipline
Ing If the fullest life is to be obtained.
Rev. A. A. Brown, Episcopalian.
Akron, o,