The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1909-08-10

WOOO VIII DC uSCu Xii dlOiC litI IIiiO
from the yellow Sea to Siberia. Some
Of the finest of the native timber ls
walnut. 1t is the color of cilarry and
it's grain is as close as that Of birch.
In the Industrial shops this wood is
being used for fine furniture. When
stained it closely resembles mahogany.
This school teaches ali sorts Of iron
working. 1t has spinning and weav
ing departments, glass-blowing shops
and all the up-to-date appliances of
the manual training schools Of Amer
lea. The students are bright young
fellows of from fourteen to eighteen
years Of age. They live in the school,
sleeping in dor1nitOries, five boys to
the room. each room has q kang
or brick ledge about two feet high. in
it. This is heated by flues which run
under the floor. The boys study III
their rooms during the day, when
not in the class rooms and sleep there
at hight. AS in all the new schools,
the students have a special uniform
and are subject to military Grill. They
wear trousers, Jackets and caps and
their feet are shod with boots of black
10th.
The Tartar Courts Reformed.
A great reform is going on now in
the courts and as to all
matters of law. A we'll organized po-
lice service has been established and
there are now uniformed policemen
on every block. These men wear pad
ded black clothes of almost European
cut. The long Manchu gown has been
abolished and they have coats, trOus-
ers and boots. Their pigtailS are COW
cred with caps and they carry clubs
as big around as a broomstick and
almost as long. The clubs are painted
black to make them look like ebony
or iron, but in, fact they are exceed
~ rl 1iabf or1 a u0o6 hlnU 11nOn
a hard skull woul break them in
pieces. The policemen still have strips
Of white cotton about four inches wide
wound around their left arms, as a
sign Of their mourning for the late
Emperor. For months after his maj
esty's death they dared not shave then
heads; and their black hair, except
where the pigtail cac1e forth, stood
up like a shoe brush all over the
scalp. Som Of the police carry
swords.
The system of justice in the Man
churian courts is being reformed. The
torturing Of prisoners to make them
confess has been largely done away
with. and slicing to death has been
abof1shed. SO far I have met no
criminals wearing the cangue, al
though this was a common sight dur
ing my several previous visits to China
About eight years ago l saw three We
men locked together in a framework
Of boards three feet wide and six
feet long. Their necks were fitted into
holes and the framework was such
that it could be opened and closed.
The women could not feed them
selves and they could not move unless
they all went together. At that same
time [ saw men undergoing similar
punishment. They We're loaded down
with heavy planks which rested upon
fho5r Chn,1IoCo fbntr hoods 0-;-
out through a hole in the center;
some such cangue were further
eight with iron. / saw one man
who was Enclosed in a barrel so tight
that his head came out through a
hole in the top. and his hands through
the sides. The holes were just large
enough for the wrists; the man could
not scratch himself nor convey his
fOod to his mouth.
At that time 10 criminal could be
punished until he had confessed, and
every Chinese who was arrested was
pounded with a bamboo on his bare
thighs or struck on the lips with a
piece of leather, or made to kneel
upon sharp chains until he could stand
it no longer and said he was guilty.
Such things have been abolished here
in Manchuria, and, I understad, in
China as we'll.
Prison Reform in Manchuria.
7 spent the greater part OF today in
going through he new prisons which
have just been built here at Mudken.
They are far different from those 1
have visited in China. A few years
ago / went through the jails at Shan
ghai, Notwithstanding a warning that
the prisoners might tear my clothes
off if / did SO. On my way to the
prisons l saw many men loaded with
cangues. One was standing in a
framework SO hung by. his neck that
his toes barely touched the ground. 1
could smell the prison before I came
to it, n was almost sickened by the
terrible stencil as I went through. The
buildings were low Chinese structures.
without floors or sanitary convenience
The convicts were chained to the walls
like wild beasts and some a chains