davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17
Air and Water.

LLL A-
Air is just as necessary an ele.
alent In the soil as the water, but
both must be there in proper quaint.
ties. II there Is too much air and
too little moisture n%itriflcation ceases.
IL there is too much moisture and too
little air the effect is the same. From
ten years experience and observation
we have concluded that certain
chemical action must be practically
continuous in the soil during the
growing season II we are to grow the
largest crops. This chemical action
Is unquestionably dependent upon
Just q certain ideal or perfect condi-
tion Of the soil-asphysical condition
that will carry In the soil just the
ideal quantity Of both air and water
and then 90 soon as the soil be
comes suficiently warm natures Cork
begins. 8 3
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17
INCREASE CROP AREA
Several Irrigation Projects Viii
Reclaim Much Land in West.
Millions of Acres of Ground Will Be
Added to crop-Produclns Scope Of
the United States BY the AS
sistance Of Government.

twenty-five projects completed anG
upon which the government is now
at work will, when fully developed,
add 3~,19S,000 acres of land to the
crop-producing area of the United
States, while Is others held in abey.
ance until the completion of the for.
mer, will reclaim %3.270,0O0 acres, max.
ing a total of GAGS, 900 acres reclaimed
at Il cost of s159,G21 900.
The largest of the projects in Wash.
ington are in the Yakima valley, as
follows!: S%unnyside, 10000 acres,
cost $1,000, 900; Tieton, 10000. cost ST..
100000; Wapato, 10000. cost 81, 500,-
GOO. The Okanogan will water 5000
acres at a cost OF 100000. Other pro
iects contemplated will add 400, 900
acres to the states crop-producing
area.
Government projects in Idaho are
the Minedoka, 160,0 900 acres. costing
S4,OO0,000, and the Payette-Boise, 300.
600 acres, completed at a cost of 3d.
100000. The latter covers the largest
single tract under irrigation on the
continent at the present time. Ore
gon has the Umatilla, $4,000 acres.
costing sl,1O0,G0 and the Klamath,
extending into California, 10000
acres, costing $4,000, 900.
The projects in Montana are the
Huntley. $4,000 acres, costing $780,
900, the Sun river, 10000 acres, cost
ing $500, 900, and the Milk river, IN
GLIDING the Saint Mary, 10000 acres,
costing s1,200.0OO. The Lower Vel.
lowstone project, 6 $1,000 acres, in Mon
tana and North Dakota, will cost 81
100000. The Blackfeet will water 81.
600 acres in Montana, where will also
be built the Flathead, 100000 acres,
and Fort Peck, $4,000 acres.
Salt river project in Arizona will
water 100000 acres, while the Yuma
in California and Arizona will care for
100000. Other projects are the I'm
compahgre, Col, 100000 acres; Gar
den City, Kan, 5000; North Platte,
Wyo, and Nebraska, 10000; Truckec-
Carson. New, 100000; Hondo, Carls-
bad and Rio Grande. New Mex, 49,
900; Buford-T Trenton, N. D., 10000;
Belle Fourche, S. D., 100000; Sho-
shone, Wyo., 100000, and Strawberry
valley, Utah. $4,000.
Several millions OF acres of lands
will also be covered in Montana, Cal9
%ifornia, Washington, Colorado. Ari-
iona, Idaho, Texas, Nevada, New Mex
leo, Oklahoma, Wyoming and Oregon
as soon as the funds are available.
More than 10000. 900 acres of lands
are under private plants in various
states where plans are now under way
to put 100000 acres under the ditch
during the next three years. If these
projects are carried out the Horse
Heaven country, in Washington, will
contain a single tract of 500. 1000 acres,
watered at a cost of SIS. 900, 900. The
Canadian Pacific project in the Bow
rive Galley. east of Calgary, Alberta,
upon which work started in 1904, will
cover 100000 acres at a cost of So
100000, making it the largest single
tract on the continent.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17
WHAT "DRY FARMING" MEANS.
It Includes Methods Of Conservation
Of Soil Moisture and Develop
ing Fertility.

The term dry farming has been
%popularized in recent years. In some
respects 1t is appropriate and express.
sive and it has a proper meaning in.
sofar as it refers to farm operations
In a country where it is so dry as to
require special treatment. But it is
an unfortunate term. 1t does not have
a definite meaning. 1t has been loose
ly used. 1t has been abused and mis-
used, says Campbell's Scientific
Farmer.
It includes the methods of conser-
walton of soil moisture and also the
methods of maintaining or developing
fertility in the soil by d certain use
Of both air and water in the soil
which the farmer can and should con-
troll by mechanical tillage.
Dry farming" as the term is gen.
orally used, means almost anything
done to secure crops in a dry country.
More especially it is taken to refer
to common principles of tillage but
more thoroughly applied. Sometimes
it also refers to summer fallow. But
~ III W MIld 10 NCoAlS0 vi
accomplishment rather than the meth
cd of doing it.
Now dry farming" is all right and
well enough in its place. Everyone
seeking success through dry farm
ing" is engaged in doing better farm
ing, and that is a good thing. Every
farmer who really tries to do better
farming will in fact get better results.
But the thought which is uppermost
in the minds of very many who talk
of dry farming" is that by this pro-
cess sure crops are secured in all
ordinary seasons, with the chance of
failure in very bad seasons still facing
the plucky farmer. Herein is there a
vital difference from the real soil cul-
ture.
The dry farmer" has taken a part
of the system of soil culture and has
made good use of it., They have &C.
complished a great work. They have
opened the eyes of the world to the
possibilities of this semi-arid region.
Scientific soil culture includes not
only all that is done in the name of
dry farming but more, for it con-
templates car of the soil from year
to year, and especially preparation Of
the soil for the crop in the previous
year. 1t means keeping the soil in
right condition for the development
of available fertility and perfect plant
growth not only for this season but
for next season and afterwards.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17
Garden on Every Farm.

A good many men pillow their gar
den in the spring and harrow it, with
out ever applying any kind of manure
and leave the rest Of the work to be
done by the women folks and a good
deal Of heavy digging and transplant
ing OF vines should be done because
the m are not strong enough or
else have too much house work to do,
But a good garden should be on every
farm and a farm of 100 acres or more
should have at least an acre of gar
den we'll attended and l would advise
1t to be divided in one.tenth-acre
tracts or size tracts to suit, one-tenth
to be planted to each different per
ennial plant, such as asparagus, ber-
ries and grapes, and then as much OF
the land to annual plants as is needed
to supply the demand OF an ordinary
1GO-acre farm. And don't forget a
patch Of ground in the garden for al
falfa for green manuring.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17

place for wethers. When prices fol
mutton and wool are high swethers will
more than pay their way on almost
any range, but the profit they yield
compared to that from breeding ewes
is much less. and hence wethers are
being discarded by the more. progress
sive sheepmen.
However, as a mutton product weth-
ers are desired in the hotels, restau-
rants. dining cars and steamships
where the heavier cuts may be used
to advantage.
Prime wethers must be highly de-
veloped in form. quality and condition
and weigh from s5 to 1875 pounds; how.
ever, wethers weighing 40 pounds and
even more, frequently grade as prime il
all other conditions are right. This
class of mutton is used fol. export, al
though there is some demand for it in
larger cities of this country.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17

and slide this meconium out readily.
If it is left in the system gases arise
from it, and it is absorbed into the
system, causing the pig discomfort
and sickness. If the dam for any rea-
son dies, very rich milk must be sun
piled to remove this meconium.
The muscles surrounding the diges-
tive canals of a little pig are not
strong. 1t is not natural they should
be. Therefore the little pig is not
fitted to cope with large amounts of
crude fiber. 1t needs bulky but fine
feeds. Coarse %cellulose, such as is
found in oats, barley and things of
that sort, it is almost impossible for
a small pig with its rather feeble mus
cular activity to handle. The mucous
Innings of the intestines and stomach
are tender and delicate. They become
irritated very easily by coarse, harsh
substances. Giving them rough, graf
ing feeds would produce about the
same sensation in their intestines that
getting a cinder into the eye does upon
the membrane of the eyelid.
The cells of the digestive, tract
through which the nutrients pass out
into the system are small. The alb
sorption powers of the pig are there.
fore weak. He cannot handle as
many nutrients nor as easily as can
the large celled mature animal. To
give him more than he can absorb,
is not alone a waste of feed, but also
a waste of his energy. The nutrients
that he digests and does not absorb
simply pass out with the feces. They
do him no good at all, but he has
nevertheless had the work of digest
ing them.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17
~HAy-MAklNG ADVICE
Cut your feeding hay early.
Keep the bearings clean and well

Cut your feeding hay early.
Keep the bearings clean and we'll
oiled.
Glover should be cut before it falls
down. You can get it all in this way.
Stop the machine every hour to
touch up the knives with file or whet.
stone.
With a wad of wool in the oil cups
you need not oil the mower so fire.
,quently.
Every mower tool box should con.
tain a monkey wrench, milestone and
fiat file.
Wait, till the dew is off before you
start the mower, and put in the time
cultivating the corn or potatoes.
Mark the light spots in the mead
ows to pillow and reseed after harvest.
Sharp knives make light draft.
AS a. matchmaker, milk-maker. and
money-maker, alfalfa is equally priced,
and IS r%ejuvenator and improver OF
soils it has no rival.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17
cuItivatina The Reets.

Each cultivation of the beet crop
should be a little deeper than the one
preceding it. We believe in more cul-
tivation and less irrigation. Before
turning in the water the beets should
begin to show the need of 1t. This
may be determined by watching them
in the afternoon of a bright, sunny
day. The leaves will wilt to a certain
extent. but will revive again at night.
When the tops wilt slightly in the
afternoon the bets are still growing
and are going down deeper into the.
soil, which will give longer and better
shaped beets than when the moisture
lis applied to the surface too often,
which goes to make tops instead OF
peets. Generally speaking. two irriga-
lions are sufficient and the last one
should be completed in time to give
the beets at least four weeks to ripen
and mature, the same as any other
crop.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17
horses Hard Id Handle.

Many incorrigible horses have been
started on their degenerate career by
improper management. The stubborn
disposition of a mature horse that
encourages him to rebel against the
authority Of man could, If properly
cultivated when young, have made the
horse a useful animal when matured.
Foals should be carefully handled and
halter broken at weaving time and
taught that man is their master and
protector. Young foals are easily
halter broken and taught that man is
their friend and when old enough to
work will readily submit to the tasks
imposed by the trainer or breaker.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17
MAKEUP OF HORSES TEETH
What They Consist Of and How to
Tell an Early Foal from a
Late One.

The horses's teeth consist of the fol-
lowing: Twelve incisors, front teeth,
six in each jaw; four tusks or canine
teeth, two in each jaw, "a molars, IL.
in each jaw, 6 on each side,
says the Business Farmer.
AS a rule, at birth a foal has two
central incisors. If not, they will APP
pear in a day or two. From IA to 21
days, the two middle teeth, viz, the
two next on each side of the incis-
ors, develop, and in about two months
after appearance they become level.
The third teeth on outside of the in
cisors or corner teeth are level with
the others at about eight months. Lit
tie change take place in the teeth for
some months. At one year the cups
have left the center teeth.
These cups are the holiows in the
crowns of the teeth. The ups at IS
months leave the middle incisors and
at two years the same takes place
On the outside i~ncisors, SO that the
crowns of the lower incisors are fiat
at that age. This makes 1t possible
to tell an early foal from a late n
at the foaling period by the develop
ing of the cups. if any. in the corner
of the teeth. In developing the colt
teeth the upper and lower usually
appear at the same time.
The permanent teeth begin to dis.
place the colts teeth soon after the
animal reaches two years. This dis
placement is brought about by the
actual absorption of the fangs of the
permanent teeth. 1t begins with the
center incisors, which will show a
slight contraction. %discoloring and a
separation.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17
Imports Of Oats.

During the ten months ending with
April of this year, the imports of
oats into the United States amounted
to 6,3o7.s7s bushels. as comparedswit
201.3S3 bushels during the same pc.
Rod one year ago. This looks as II
the oats crop Of The United States
needs some attention. Not as much
attention has been paid TO this ce-
real as should be. It responds most
readily to improved cultural proc.
ssses.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17
Dry FARMING.

Only within the past few years has
there been general recognition Of the
value and practicability Of soil culture
in farming the dry country. 1t is a
science built upon years of actual
field experiments In many states and
under all conditions. Farmers are
naturally conservative and slow to
change their ways, and only when
success has been demonstrated many
times and In the face Of sfiercest criti-
scism has the method been accepted.
But now the dssire for information
comes from all directions.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17
curlna the HAY.

Withtd dry air above and dry soil be
meath. hay will cure very fast under
the hot sun. Cut In the forenoon. II
viii be ready to put UP In the after.
noon. Il the hay Is not very heavy
and Il the mir and soil are dry it is
best to rake In windows an hour aft.
er moving and allow It to cure slowly
there. Leave some OF the natura,
moisture In the hay to give It taste
and flavor. Hay too ripe and too DIR,
Al not only tasteless, but is less al
gestible than when It Ii put up green;
er With some Of the natural sap In ii;
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17
cherries.

Fine cherries are grand fruit. Ma.
ture has eve providedA satisfactory
substitute for them. The extreme
measures adopted by boys, young and
old, to satisfy the inward. inbred, in,
tolerable craving for them, when
temptingly displayed N some neigh
boris tree. attest the captivating and
alluring lusciousness of fine cherries,
says q writer In an exchange. may
further state with safety that the as.
sumption Of considerable risk in this
respect by the young boys Is strong
evidence Of q cultivated palate and
discriminating Judgment, as well as q
goading appetite.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17

Now they are talking OF sthe Ameri.
an Peril In Europe. There is not a
more peaceful or peace-loying power
StnEthe world than this country. and its
possibility as8a peril exists only In
the excited European Imagination in
whose minds the war scare is turning
into q panfc.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17

There is retribution for nations in
this world, Nowthats Spain faces a imam
eial crisis through a drain By the war
IN Morocco. Il must feel a pang that
the rich field of Cuba is no longer at
Its disposal to draw upon.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17

a Massachusetts, woman left five
times more to her canine pets than to
her husband. She must have been
ome connection Of the cynical lady
whosannounced that the more she saw
o. men. the better she liked dogs.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17

They have neither time nor use for
dead ones in Chicago. The driver OF
an automobile hearse was lately ar.
rested insthat city for speeding with a
body to the cemetery.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17
Goats for ciearino Land.

I have in mind an uneven pasture
field which had become overrun with
hazel brush and other small shrub,
berry writes a correspondent of the
Michigan Farmer. The owner put
in that field last season a small flock
of goats and q short time since; I had
occasion to go there to view some cat
tie. I did not see a single live hazel
brush. There was dead brush stick:
ing up on all sides and the June grass
had gained Its hold there. Feed was
abundant where only one year ago
was 9 mass. Of brushes. In many,
places in Michigan the goats could be
used to advantage In clearing the
land OF bushes and making the plant
Ing OF crops possible where at present,
the coalitions make II out Of the ques-'
ton.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17

One pleasant thing about an aero
plane sis that It does not sail about the
country spilling sand down the necks
O innocent bystanders, though it may
accidentally fall upon them.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17
lruoatIro The oarden..

The garden should be well and
deeply plowed every winter or fall
after. heavy coat 5ofs manure has been
applied. The land should be irrigated
during the winter % that the spring
thaWs and freezes viii better rot the
manure. RI
II there are any high spots which
are hard 70 irrigate they!ahould 10
Isveled on. a the harden a place
where there should - no time wasted
in carink for What grows there.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17
Profit Il Fruft.

While the average money received
from a acre Of apple trees viii no:
sexceedl 75, IN many cases. under MOI.
ern methods of high culture. propc,
zteftilixing and spraying OF the trees
III destroy insects ana fungous dis
isaass . yield of $500 to $500 Der acrs
M obtained on many farms, and thersl
ire well.known instaIcansWhefe:sa70
has been received tori III acre ofE3ald|
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17
care for the. hor,e,

Don't place the horse In q hot stall
to eat and rest. Better feed him in
the shade ffof. q tree. where the cool
breezes will make him comfortable
while he eats and r~ecuperates. "A
barn should be well ventilated il used
for work.teams IN summer. Cold,
open sheds are much more preferable
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17

Nearly 400 blooded sheep from
King Edwards stock farm have been
purchased by a Wisconsin breeder,
and are now on the way west from
Boston. where they were landed re.
Gently Wisconsin stock raisers
have royal tastes. so Tar as fine
strains OF breeding i concerned,
and some Of the best cattle. sheep and
hogs In the world are now to be found
40 that commonwealth.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17
Hold ONO ehaen..

Hold onto sheep. They are q fine
form Of stock breeding. IN the heart
Of most Of our farmers there Is some
thing Of the shepherd. Keep that In
stinct alive: but also work tooth and
nall for better conditions.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17

Persons of spirit cannot live in
apartment houses" declares a New
York minister. Now we know what
the poet meant by When this soul
leaves its frail tenement
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17

No one will deny that Korea is
making real progress when the en-
ployes OF q street car line owned by
Americans are INDUCING in a strike,
American style.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17

a s%corching chauffeur got a fine of
800 and a lecture thrown in. He
could have bought a whole season of
chautauqua lectures for less money.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17

Chicago has a silent population OF
100000 in the cemeteries and a large
number OF married men who also have
nothing to say.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17

Marriages are not made in heaven"
says a Seattle minister. And there
are earthly marriages made which
turn out anything but heavenly.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17

Now let the search for Capt. Kidd's
treasure be abandoned and all hands
move over to the Yildiz Kiosk
grounds.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17

While industry is protesting against
war It might proftably study its own
mortality tables and prepare to give
a less bloody report next time.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17

Even with all its modern improve.
ments war cannot prove that it is
keeping up with the times, when it's
case Is tried by a peace congress-.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17

Those who are . rushing west
ward 70 save the wheat crop have
sublime confidence that others Will
save 1t.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17

Germany is much alarmed over its
financial situation. That is the cor.
rect answer to Its tremendous army
and navy expenditures.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17

At a recent book sale an edition of
Poe's poems brought $500. How
wealthy the poets might be If they'd
only all die!
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17

We wonder II Mars is as much In.
sterested in our flying machines as we
are in Its canals?
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17
ILaxx Hon unproatable.

Lazy Han unproftabls.
Industrious fowls are the kind to
keep. II matters not what the breed
lis. the lazy hen Is improbable. 1T
is the Industrious hen that produces
eggs.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17

However, we do not propose to get
into q war just to discover how the
aeroplane will act.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-09-17

One agricultural college II west
is teaching the scientific way to milk
q COW and the polite way to drive a
mule.