The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1909-02-11

Paper Read Before the Chauta,squa Circle.
UNIVERSAL history Is COM
monty divided into three por-
tions. First-Ancient history,
which, beginning with the
ere alton of the world, terminates A. d.
476. in the destruction of the Roman
Empile Second-The Mediaeval His
tory, which extends from the fall OF
Rome, A. D. 476, to the discovery OF
America A. ID. 1892. Third-Modern
History, which commences at the latter
epoch, and If we do not distinguish IL
from Contemporaries GUS history, is con-
tinued to the present time. The events
which mark the separation between the
First and Second epoch, are the IT.
ruption of the barbarians, the conse-
auent fall of the Western Empire, and
the foundation of the modern European
States; between the Second and Ihird
are the extension of learning by II e IN
yention of printing, the taking OF Con-
stantinople, and Il e maritime discover
les of Spain and Portugal, with the
more extensive use of firearms.
Ancient History may be subdlvideo
into four periods: First-The Ante
diluvian, comprising the creation, the
fall of man with its immediate train OF
consequences, and ending with the
genera, deluge, 2348 g. Second-The
Heroic. commencing with the establish
ment of the earliest empires and most
ancient cities, and including the fao-
nlous ares of Greece. Third-The HIS
toric. which begins with the hrst
Olympiad, 776 b. g., Eearly synchronous
with the foundation of Rome, 773 b. q,
and comprises the legislative eras OF
I.vcuIgus and Solon, the rise and fall
of the Persian monarchy, and tie tar-
,ier mart of Roman history to the END
of the Punic wars. Fourth-Tbe Rom
an. from the fall of Carthage, l4o b u,
to that of Rome, A. D. 476.
When selecting the title for this pa
per chose the Third or Historic period
of ancient history as the foundation OF
nv tt enc, for l consider Alexander's
career, especially his wonderful trl'
umphs. which won for him the undylne
title of "The Great" to be one Of the
most interesting studies OF any OF tne
great histori, a heroes. Alexander was
horn a. Pella in the year 1856 B. G. A
son of Philip H., known in history as
Philip of Macedonia aud rare genius
AS an organizer and military chieftaln
Philip H., wishing to prepare Alex
an der to succeed him on the throne
first intrusted his education to Leon
idas. who was related to him; then u
I.ysimachus, aud fin lily to Aristotle
the great philosopher of Greece. Arls
tot,e. le .lizing that Alexancer Woul'
some day succeed to the throne OF Mac
edonia, not only implan ed in the youth
full prince love tor philosophy, bu
also taught him the art of government
The successful campaigns OF Phliip II
did more to inspire his military ardo
than did his study of Iliad, for Will
the one was merely study of mytf
ical hero, his father was live and yer
active one. At one time he said, IN
father will leave nothing for me TO 90
Alexander was ambitious to becom
great general and conqueror; to the
end he put forth his best efforts.
was during the year 1886 B. G. viii
preparing to invade the Persian en-
pire that Philip Ii. was assassinate
and Alexander, tho not twenty years
age, ascended the throne. AT this tin
philips power extended over Ma
adonia aud thruout Greece, so tn
Alexander upon ascending the thron
had his hands full thwarting conspir
cies and suppressing open revolt.
false report having reached Greece,
the effect that Alexander had been sla
in conflict with the Illyrians and i
ball:s two small provinces to the nor
of Macedonia) was the cause OF I
Thebans taking up arms against Ale
.ander.
The Athenians stimulated by the he
oratory of Demosthenes and the Q
ouence Of Charidemus intended u j.
forces with the Thebans. But IN orc
to prevent this, Alexander, who v
watching for just such moveme