davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The border vidette., 1909-06-12
Notice of Hearing Petition.

In the Probate Court of the County of
 Santa Cruz, Territory of Arizona. In the matter of the estate of Bryan Quinn, deceased.
 Notice is hereby given that H. Vim cent Wallace has filed in this Court his petition praying for letters of ad minis tration and that Lhe same will be heard on Monday, the 14th day of June AID. 1909, at 10 o'clock in the forenoon of said day, at the courtroom of said Court, in Nogales, County of Santa Cruz, Territory of Arizona, and . all persons interested in said estate are notified then and there to appear and show cause, if any they have, why the prayer of said petitioner should not be granted.
 Dated June 2nd, 1909.
 M. MARSTELLER,
 6-5-2t CLERK.
The border vidette., 1909-06-12
Notice of Hearing Petition.

In the Probate Court, of the County of
 Santa Cruz, Territory of Arizona. In the matter of the estate of Pres clliano Arballo, deceased.
 Notice is hereby given, that J. S.. Andrews has filed in this Court his petition praying for letters of admin istration and that the same will be heard on Monday, the filth day of June A. D., 1909, at 10 o'clock in the forenoon of said day, at the courtroom of said Court, in Nogales, County of Santa Cruz, Territory of Arizona, and all persons interested in said estate are notified then and there to appear and show cause, if any they have, why the prayer of said petitioner should not be granted.
 Dated June 2nd. 1909,
 NJ. M MARSTELLER, -6-5 2t CLERK.
The border vidette., 1909-06-12
Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico

known caterer. Table supplied direct from the company's farm with fresh fruits, vegeta bles and other farm pro ducts.
 TIE CAFE is under the direction of Mr GEO. FERREE who will see that you are properly SCI ved with the best in the land.
The border vidette., 1909-06-12

An innovation in the Hotels of So- nora.
 It's experiments and service cannot be excelled in the Republic.
 FRESH AND SALT WATER BATHS. Everything new and clean.
 RESTAURANT under the Mana cement Of MT. I. JACOBS Uakey) the well
The border vidette., 1909-06-12
gaassea, Ya1gi River < Pacific
 RAILROAD Co.

To Connecting Lines:
 We take pleasure in announcing the open ing to traffic, effective July 18th, of second section of the Cananea, Yaqui River & Pacific Extension, Potam to Corral.
 With completion of this section the line will be open to all classes of business between Empalme. (tiuaymas junction with Sonora Railway)>to Corral Station at kilometer one hundred and two.-sixty-three miles,
 The principal points to which the opening of this line will give rail connection are Torin -Lencho Station-and Cocorit-Corral Station -in the Yaqui River Valley.
 For the present train service will consist of one mixed train each way daily, winch will be operated on the following schedule:
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
DIFFERENCE IN DRY FARMS
Successful on Different Kinds of Soil
That Of Sandy Variety Being
Easiest to Handle.

Dry farming has been successful on
various types of soil, both light and
heavy. Sandy soils are more easily
handled, make better surface mulch
and do not puddle as readily as clays
or clay loans. Their capacity for
holding moisture is much smaller than
that OF heavy soils, yet they give up
to crops quite as much water. Crops
may reduce the moisture contents in
sandy soil from 26 to II per cent.
Light soils have not as strong capil-
larity as the heavy types. In very
fine soil capillary attraction may
raise water from depth Of six feet
or more, while in sandy soil mois-
ture may not rise more than foot or
two, the distance depending upon the
degree of f1neness. Soils may be so
porous as to allow water to percolate
through them and be lost by under
drainage which would be disadvan-
tage. Heavy soils are somewhat diff
ficult to handle. They can not be
worked when at all wet and must be
taken when just right AS a general
thing the heavier soils are the more
productive. Sandy soils are warmer
and quicker and lend themselves
more readily to cultivation to con
serve moisture.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
METHODS OF GROWING WHEAT
Like Everything Else There Is Right
Right and Wrong Way-condi-
tions Requisite to Success.

There is a right way and wrong
way of growing winter wheat, like,
everything else. The conditions re-.
enisite to success are rich land, we'll
prepared seed bed seeded by the use
OF q drill to hardy variety of win,
ter wheat, such as the Turkey Red,
and its kindred varieties, at the.
proper season. If any of these con-
ditions are wanting, the crop will,
be decreased proportionately. If the
land is not rich, a 30-bushel crop of
winter wheat cannot be expected, to
say nothing of from 40 to IS bushels
which western growers often take of.
I II the seed bed is not properly pre-
pared, whether the land is5 rich or,
poor, the planter need not expect a
large crop. Softer varieties Of winter
wheat are not adapted to this country.
II winter wheat is sown broadcast in
stead Of drilled 1t Is more than likely
to fail, for while we have known good
crops to be grown from broadcast
seeding. 1t WAC only when the land
was rich, water was plentiful and the
season favorable.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
A Disk Harrow.

months will be lost. All this may
seem like a vast amount of labor. 1t
is true that there is much more la
Dor in it than in the ordinary hit-and.
miss, trust-to-luck methods of farm
ing. But while the wheat crop of
the whole United States averages less
than Il bushels to the acre, the con-
sistent practicer of scientific soil Gull
ture sometimes threshes more than 60
bushels to the acre, and rarely less
than 40 bushels. Really, it is time that
the American farmer should wake up.
The German farmer obtains an aver.
age of 27.6 bushels of wheat per acre;
the British farmer, 1922 bushels: the
Dutch and Danish, more than 30
bushels: but the American farmer,
with superior soil, is content with
1875 bushels per acre. The difference
in yield is due simply to the difference
in methods. It is not for more
work that scientific soil culture stands.
but for work that will be more pro.
ductive-not for harder labor. but for
more intelligent labor.
An Illustration is given above of a
disk harrow, an almost Indispensable
implement on any dry farm.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
GRASS MULCH IN ORCHARDS
New York Experiment Station Finds
cultivatins or Dust Mulch Meth
Cd to Be Preferable.

The New York Agricultural Expert
ment station has compared cultiyat
ing and grass mulching an orchard by
actual practice and found in favor of
the cultivated or dust mulch method
and The difference in favor OF the cul-
tiTated plot was mainly attributed to
the better moisture content OF the soil.
the sod using too large a proportion
CT the water for the good of the trees.
1t would be interesting for U. P. He'd
rick. in charge, to carry the expert
ment en- a little farther by watering
the sod orchard once or twice during
the dry season, or have both plots
irrigated alike.
Some of the best apple growers on
the Pacific coast have done more or
less cropping principally with the
leguminous grasses, lately, but they
use more water in the irrigations than
when clean cultivation is the prac-
tice. The station report did not indi-
cate the character of the grass and
sod. 1t makes a wide difference
whether timothy or vetch is grown,
and whether the mulch is two or four
inches deep. Moisture control is the
greatest object in crop production and
how to solve the problem of handling
the orchard soil most economically
with that in view is largely local
question, depending on amount of rain
fall, natural moisture content Of the
soil and convenience for irrigation.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03

The use of the most modern math.
eds" in farming in Kansas is by no
means restricted to the huge ranches.
In nearly every locality in the state
there are farmers who are using trac-
ton engines, with either steam or
gasoline for power. to pillow and har-
Iow
Near Muscotah, Kan, there is a
ranch comprising $50 acres, on which
the blowing and narrowing is being
done with 20-horse power gasoline
engine. This hanls four 14-inch gang
plows and a two-horse harrow-the
equivalent of saying that the engine
does the work of 20 horses. The dis
lance traversed-and it's over tough"
soil, tools from two to two and one.
half miles a day. One harrow is
placed OF to the side SO that the re-
suit is a double narrowing of the
ground without making second trip.
! There were many doubters Of the
advisability of investing in an engine
for tract of $50 acres. 1t was CON
sidered too small an area to warrant
the initial expense for the machine.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
IRRIGATION BONDS IN EAST
Fast conquerino Eastern Financial
Markets Where Short Time Ago
Were Frowned Upon.

Financial leaders who have devoted
their lives to Development enter
prises say that the success of under
taking which requires heavy cap.
italization" depends primarily upon
the progress made by it's bonds upon
the money markets Of the country.
Big business, they declare. is all
done with borrowed money and the
lender takes a bond as surety. This,
they say, is particularly true of all
western development schemes, which
are promoted principally by eastern
capital, when they are promoted
at all.
A well-known irrigation promoter
said the other day that it has been
less than five years since Wall street
looked with suspicion upon any man
with an irrigation bond who attempt
ed to dispose of it for real money to
the men who are daily dealing in all
classes of municipal, private and gov
eminent bonds that pay usually the
lowest rates of interest offered on Sc
cured investments. Until within the
past three years. he said, the people
of the east knew nothing of western
irrigation bonds and did not care to
learn anything about them.
Within the past two years condi-
tions have altered wonderfully in re.
spect to these bonds. The professions
al money lenders, instead of waiting
for the bonds to be brought to them,
and then refusing to talk about them,
have begun coming to the west in
search of high class irrigation secur-
tiles The leading bond men of the
east are beginning now to agree with
the bond men of the west that the
development" bonds of the western
country are high class securities that
are always marketable.
During the past summer one of the
leading insurance companies of the
east sent it's president to the western
country to investigate irrigation Sc
curities with a view of loaning money
on them. 1t is understood that the
president reported favorably and that
the insurance company is now Of
fering to do what no similar company
ever before offered to do, to make
loans on these securities.
Recently large New York bond
house OF nearly half century's stand
ing sent one of its representatives out
to investigate irrigation bonds as an
investment. 1t is understood that this
man reported most favorably upon the
subject
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
BEAN RUST DISCOVERED
AMONG COMMON PLANTS
Character that Witch
Vheat-F1as Three Stages
BY LII H. Pamme1 i

For a number of years we have
had under observation rust occur
ring rather abundantly on the COM
mon bean, especially the pole bean.
During the summer of 1908 specimens
of the rust were sent in by a CORE
spondent from Grinnell, Ia, where 1t
was common and destructive During
the same season the cluster-cup stage
was collected by one of US at La
Crosse, Wis.
The finding of the cluster-cup stage
on the cultivated bean has not hereto
fore been mentioned by American
writer's on economic fungi, although it
is commonly observed on some of the
wild beans. That this stage has been
found is Of especial interest as it ac-
counts for the source of infection of
the cultivated bean.
This bean rust il it's development
is not unlike the common wheat rust,
which has three stages. In the case of
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
TRUTH ABOUT DRY FARMING
TiIlina the Land to Secure Good Re.
suits with Limited and Small
Amount Of Moisture.

Not for 20 years after the beginning
of settlement on the great plains was
it realized that more than one system
homesteaders by tens of thousands
had left their claims, discouraged,
and crop failures had brought i'm
mense financial loss, two new ideas
were brought into prominence.
The products exploited in areas Of
low average rainfall must be different
from those grown in areas of gener-
GUS moisture.
Tillage must be adapted to the con-
ditions of soil, elevation and average
precipitation.
The dry year preceding 1899 called
attention to the first, writes Charles
M. Harger in Review of Reviews. I'm
portations of Kaffir corn, sorghum and
other crops that will give yield with a
moderate amount OF moisture, were
tested and proved the salvation Of
many homes in the high plains portion
of the middle west. Where wheat and
corn failed, these crops made. both
I .'roughness" and grain, enabling the
farmer to gain a livelihood from
a system of mixed farming that in
Guided cattle and cereals While the
range was free and abundant, this
was easy and a few titled acres suf-
feed to earn for the farmer-ranchman
a regular income.
When, with increased demand for
land, the range was diminished and
the settler was compelled to lease or
to own all the land he utilized, an
other problem was before him and
the second proposition came into
prominence-how to raise general
variety of grain and fruit without hav-
ing the rainfall usually considered
necessary.
This was the basis of interest in
dry farming" soil culture" "scien-
tific farming" the Campbell system
AL meaning the same thing-tilling
the land to secure results with small
amount of moisture.
Into 1t blends the first problem, for
both work together in the accomplish
ment of the best results. The settler
must solve the whole in order to live
beyond the line of 20 inches of well.
distributed rainfall annually.
At the beginning, the new idea was
Systematically worked out by one man
H. w. Campbell, who is known as the
father of dry farming or soil culture
as definite undertaking. He expert
mented in western Nebraska and west
ern Kansas; then received the en-
couragement and assistance of trans
continental railway companies, theil
managers shrewdly realizing that if il
could be established and could &C
complish what was claimed for it, the
peopling of vast areas of practically
unoccupied prairie would follow
Model farms were established an6
attracted wide attention; experiments
were extended until the farmers Of
surrounding counties, and finally ovel
nearly all the semi-arid region, were
interested.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03

asking something close to IS cents
each for new barrels, standard size.
Some Of the large growers buy bar
lei stock and put up their own bar
3rels. This season such win cost them
about 50 cents, or possibly little
less. in thus handling them. 81
In the apple territory between Gin
cinnati and Philadelphia there is
nothing to indicate any lower prices
Tor apple barrels with; lumber and
timber held SO continuously thigh. Man
ufacturers in West Virginia are quot
ine new barrels at 80 cents each. 4
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
APPLE BARRELS
VERY COSTLY
Manufacturers Report Good In.
Quiry for Finashed Stock,
Also for Slaves and
lIeads.

l-G ( )
Barrel manufacturers report good
inquiry for finished apple barrels.
also for slaves and heads. Prices
promise to rule about as high as last
year. says Orange Judd Farmer. In
{ general way new apple barrels,
three-bushel standard, are quotable In
u wholesale way to 80 to IS cents
each a manufacturer at st. Louis
Quotes 80 cents I. o. b. "A Kansas
City cooper quotes No. a apple bar
srels at IS cents and No. 9 at 80 cents
4. o. b.s factory. He writes that apple
crop is light in that sect ton. With no
relief In price Of containers, this fact
must be considered 81 contracting
! the crops now on the trees.
The price Sof new apple barrels Ia
the rent q much as last yesr. coepers
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
Machine for Burning Weeds.

A weed-burning machine is being
used extensively on the railroads in
California, particularly in the sections
where the fine climate and rich soil
constantly produce q prolific crop Of
weeds. The machine Is gasoline
burner, consuming between as and
100 gallons an hour under 1OO.pound
air pressure. It kills all vegetation
on or near the surface. and for three
OF four feet beyond the ties on each
side, covering about so miles a day.
The machine consists Of an, ordf-
nary fiat car on which is carried a
9, 000.gallcn tank and battery Of
powerful burners. It Is all under com.
plete control OF one operator, the bat.
terry OF burners being raised and low
cred by . derrick attachment.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03

The number Of the cups (aecidia)
varies from 4-6 in the smaller spots to
20-25 in the larger spots. They are
pale in color, the peridial cells being
colorless. The spores are spherical to
elliptical 1926 u in diameter, infinitely
roughened. The spermogonia are on
the upper surface of the leaf, minute.
the spermatia small, spherical. The
uredospores occur in spots which are
at first roundish, but later, becoming
continent, for IRREGULAR patches fire.
quentyl quadratic in form; the sori
or pustules Of the fungus occur on
both surfaces of the leaf, and not in
frequently on the pod and peduncle.
varying from few to many in spot.
The uredosori which contain the sum
mer spores are yellowish brown and
appear during the summer.
While usually not &c of the most
troublesome diseases of the bean, it
occasionally becomes so severe as to
cause serious loss. 1t is recorded BY
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
Value Of Orchard.

The value of the farm orchard and
berry patch to the farm family can
scarcely be overestimated. We are
not strictly vegetarian, either by ma
ture or by habit, yet 1t is serious
fact that all Americans eat too much
meat for their best health, beauty and
mental vigor. Regular and heavy
meat diets clog the system, Impeding
free circulation Of vital fluids and
making the mind sluggish. Fruits
carrying high content of digestive
juices make digestion easy and nutri-
ton complete: they clear the system
Of impurities, keep the skin open and
complexion fresh and make the mind
keen and active. Every good farmer
sees to It that the home orchard pro.
duces enough fruit for home use and
for SALE. The utility and beauty OF
the farm orchard make it worthy Of
the best attention, and it makes the
farm q picture worth looking at.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
RAW PRAIRIE LANDS
Wise to Give Full Season to the
Storage of Moisture.
Consistent Practicer of Scientific Soil
Culture Sometimes Threshes 60
Bushels to the Acre, and Rare
Iy Less Than 20.

On raw prairie lands, which in some
localities are SO hard and compact
that 1t is probable that they have
not been dampened to depth of two
feet for centuries, it is wise to give
a full season to the storage of moist.
ure, summer tilling" the land to get
1t into the proper physical condition.
If winter wheat is to be the crop, the
sod should be broken in the fall or
winter, whenever convenient Mr..
Campbell recommends breaking to a
depth of three to four inches, and
then rolling the sod as fiat as pos
sible, to hasten decomposition. Then
it should be disked or narrowed, to
loosen the soil particles as thoroughly
as possible, in order that the moisture
of rains or melting SHOWS may sink
into the ground, instead of draining
uselessly off the surface. After every
rain the ground must be thoroughly
narrowed, creating the soil mulch"
that holds the moisture in the subsoil,
instead of permitting capillary attrac-
ton to draw it to the top, to be lost
In the dry air. If the soil mulch is
properly maintained it will be found
that by August the sod and the sub
soil beneath to depth of two or three
inches, will be we'll decomposed. The
ground should be plowed again, to a
depth of two and half or three
inches below the first blowing. If a
sub-surface packer is available, it
should then be used to compact the
subsoil. after which the land must be
thoroughly narrowed, to place the all
important soil-mulch in proper condi.
ton to fulfill its double Office of facil-
1tating the percolation to the subsoil
of future rains, and of preventing the
loss of moisture by capillarity and
evaporation.
This method gives ample time for
the storage of moisture and for the
placing of the seed-bed and subsoil
into the best possible physical condi
ton for the development of the plant
roots After the blowing and prepare
ton of the soil mulch has been com
pleted. if any rains come before seed
ing. the soil mulch must be restored
just as soon as the ground is DIR,
enough to permit it to be narrowed
without adhering to the teeth of the
harrow. Otherwise, the surface will
become hard and compact, capillary
attraction will draw the stored-uI
moisture to the top and the labor Of
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
That Panama earthquake was only

y That Panama earthquake was oAIy
10 little one. It caused some appre-
shension. but apparently did no dam
age The canal at Panama was un-
dertaken In the full knowledge that
the region is in the earthquake belt.
but also with the conviction that less
danger is to be apprehended there
than would have threatened had the
United States adhered to the Nicar-
aqua route. for the Nicaragua route
10 much longer, and the longer the
route the greater the liability to in.
Jury OF the canal BY earthquakes.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
DIX Refore PIoxxin,.n,..

It is Q very good plan to disk the
ground previous to blowing. II plowed
at once the loose surface is In better
condition to more readily connect and
reunite with the 8subsoil when the fur
row is inverted. II the blowing is de.
slayed. the ground will remain In good
condition for blowing for a much long.
er period during dry weather than
that which has received no cultiva-
stion. It may often be advisable to
practice early disking rather than
early blowing when both cannot be
accomplished 3 WE
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
WORLDS Hop Crop Small.

The 1909 hop crop Of the United
States, according to Orange Judd,
Farmer. is 10000 bales, compared
with 243,00O bales for the last
year. This years crop it appears is
the smallest since 1896. The crop by
states is given as follows: California,
$4,000; oregon. $4,000; Washington,
$4,000 and New York, $4,000.
The worlds crop, including that Of
the United States, is also said to be
short. Commercial estimates place it,
at 65O.90O bales, compared with 1,242,-
200 last year; 80 cents has been paid
growers in New York state, and the
market is well established at 81 to
80 cents for ordinary lots. On the
coast dealers are offering 20 to 90
cents. but growers are demanding 25
cents per pound.
The Black Hills union and western stock review. [volume] (Rapid City, S.D.) 1904-19??, 1909-12-03
DAIRY NOTES.
Don't stunt the calves It doesn.t y

Don't stunt the calves. 1t doesn't
pay.
Keep the best heifer calves for your
own use. Ell,
Grind the grain finely and thus re-
slieve the COW of the task. 5sgl
At the National Dairy exhibition at
Chicago last winter 46S pounds OF hut.
ter was made during demonstration
In the nine days. s8ss
scrub COW I'LL eat as much a. q
pure.bred one. but there win BE- q
great difference ii the size Of the milk
sDails You VIII have to buv