davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1909-06-11
Northwest
Grocery Co.

Out retail department is full of
interesting bargains. just glance
over the following:
Potatoes, per hundred -. 81. 10
This is special price for Satur-
day only Delivered at this figure
when you purchase other goods.
Usual price elsewhere $3.50.
Butter
Washington creamery. per
pound ......... ...s... SOC
Separator. per lb. $3.50. 271kc
Dairy, something good and
lots of 1t. per lib. ...... ~ " G
Eggs
Strictly fresh, dozen !. .271Sc
Seediess or Loose Muscaltel raj
sins. lbs. for ........, 25c
Gasene cold water soap. 10 bars
Lemons. first class. dozen -. 15c
Pineapple, l lb. can ........ 1Oc
2 ID cans ...... 16c
2 ID. cans ...-s.sss..s. 20c
Figs. per package ........ ~ Q
Salmon. per can ...s...-.7Ko
s..,A. per can 7izc
Olives special price on Cali
fornia ripe. large bottles. ~.
...* 1850. 15cs zoe and 25cl
Smoked Herring. per box. Zoe
French Prunes. 10 ID. boxes.
something fancy, per box. soc
Kippered Salmon. per h.. f25zc
Olive OIL. purest and finest IN
the land. per bottle x5c and D5e
Coffee prices Saturday same as
usual. Our 35c coffee for 25c,l
and the 25c kind for zoe. Besides
these we are headquarters for the
Darlington Hall Steel
Cut Coffee. A coffee that b used
the world over.
NORTHWEST GROCERY co.
1924 Commerce st.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1909-06-11

sThe PiIters are getting on rap
idly, aren't they?"
"Indeed, yes. They used to en-
Iploy a washerwoman. but now
they have a lanndress. -Ex-
Ichange.
With directories, tube gowns,
Dutch collars, merry widows, 300
button dresses. shovel hats, and
now pantaloon dresses, coming
and going, why should women
want to vote? Don't they get
enough excitement as it Is?
When Shakespeare refers to a
l"Cain-colored beard" he means
yellow one, symbolic of treason.
The boards OF Cain and Judas were
represented as yellow In the old
/, tapestries.
When airships get common Med
Iicine Hat and Red Dog will have
Ito think out a new label for min
listers. "Sky pilot" will be grab
bed off By the aerolists-
Hubby: What You paid $50
flor that imported hat? It's mon
Istrous--it's q sinl
Wife (sweetly): No matter; the
sin will be on my headl--Lippin-
colts.
Missouri man read in the papers
THAT the higher courts had affirm
ed his penitentiary sentence, SO he
took the first train to the pen and
gave himself up. You see, II he
wasn't . man who read the pa
Ipers, he might never have known
Aunt Eliza: Ii your mother In,
IWflIlez
WilIis: Cure she's in. D. yer
'spone I'd be workin' here In the
garden II she was out7-Puck.
How Much should an Average
Person East7 Is q new question
raised Let's amend 1t 70 How
Much Less Should an Average Per-
IB0u Eatz
f----------- -
Imagil - b few years when
INA Wilf nina has to go round
tho palace calling, "Oh. Juliana,
Louise. Emma Marie Wilhelminav
| Probably Juiiana, etc, Will insist
ON being called by her full names
too. before she'll answer.
II see your hair IL falling out,
lsir," remarked the barber, getting
ready TO spring the hair tonic idea
on hfs customer.
"you don't see anything OF the
Sort re5oined bis victim. What
you sas Is the sequel 70 q falling
Iouf between Mrs. dodgers and my
self ."-Tit-Bits.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1909-06-11

Woman IN Detroit got d.
'yorce, and got married again five
minutes later. She didn't deserve
the divorce.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1909-06-11
JOSH WISE SAYS

ssTh' burnt child don't dread tn
fire near as much a. It breads
what tn fire did ter IL"
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1909-06-11

MR.. sKYGACK FROM MARS.

Special Correspondent and Makes Wireless
Observations In His Notebook.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1909-06-11

.'The Pilters are getting on rap
idly, aren't they?"
"Indeed, yes. They used to en-
ploy a washerwoman, but now
they have a lanndress. Elk
change.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1909-06-11

Z Inaag'l Yin few years whom
Ma viii nina has to go round
tho palace calling, "Oh. JuIiana,
Louise, Emma Marie Wilhelmina.v
Probably Julfana, etc. Will insist
on being called by her full name,
too. before she'll answer.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1909-06-11

Hubby: What You paid $50
for that imported hat? It's mon
|strous--it's q sini
Wife (sweetly): No matter; the
sin will be on my headi-Lippin-
colts.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1909-06-11

With directories, tube gowns,
Dutch collars, merry widows, 300
button dresses. shovel hats, and
now pantaloon dresses, coming
and going, why should women
want to vote? Don't they get
enough excitement as it Is?
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1909-06-11

When airships get common Med
icine Hat and Red Dog will have
to think out a new label for min
listers. "Sky pilot" will be grab
bed off By the aerolists.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1909-06-11

The woman's exhibit fro
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1909-06-11

When Shakespeare refers to a
"Cain-colored beard" he means a
yellow one, symbolic of treason.
The boards Of Cain and Judas were
represented as yellow In the old
tapestries.
The Seattle Republican. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1???-1915, 1909-06-04
BENCH AND BAR

The Initiative and lteferen-
dunn. i. Some of the states
and municipalities of this coun-
try have adopted in their char
tiers and system of laws the prin-
ciple of the initiative and refer.
endum as it obtains in the fed
eral governments of Switzerland
and New Zealand. The consti-
tutionality Of legislation adopted
in accordance with this princi-
pie has been in some form or
other, brought into question be-
fore the courts of some of the
states, as we'll as the courts of
the United States. The princi-
pal question involved in the con-
sideration Of the constitutionality
of such legislation has been
whether it has been opposed to
a republican form of government
as provided for in section A of ar
ticle " of the constitution of the
United States. In considering
this question, the courts have
been brought to a consideration
of the further question of what
is meant by, this guaranty of a
republican form of government.
That a people of a state may re-
soeve the supervisory control as
to local and general state legis-
lation afforded by the initiative
and referendum, without violat-
ing this provision of the federal
constitution, is the conclusion of
the supreme courts of both Cali
fornia and Oregon in cases in
which this questisn has been di-
rectly presented. Indirectly the
question has been considered by
both state and federal cousts in
a number of cases in which are
to be found intimations of a sim
liar doctrine. 1t is the purpose
of this article to briefly review
the principal cases which have
touched upon this question:
2. Initiative and Referendum
Closely related. There is neces-
sarily a difference in the pro-
ceedings for obtaining the ex-
preston of the will of the cleo
tor when exercising the privi-
lege of initiating a measure and
that whereby a measure is re-
ferred to them from some official
source. But the distinction be-
tween the principle of the initia-
tive and referendum is in the
nature of an artificial refinement
for in either case, it is the final
vote of the people that gives the
proposed legislation its validity.
It can really make no difference
so far as it concerns the power
of the people to participate di-
rectly in the adoption of legisla-
ton, whether the proposed meas
ure is first suggested by a GER
tain percentum Of the electors,
or is first suggested by the legis-
lature and referred to the cleo
tors for their approval or disap-
proval. In either case the pro-
rosal is submitted through a
designated origin upon the
initiative of one or more persons,
= but so long as the ultimate
decision is left to the will of the
people at the ballot box, it is es-
pecially republican.
3. Republican Form of Gov :
eminent. : Section 4 of Article ?
", of the constitution of the v
United States provides that, the Ii
The Seattle Republican. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1???-1915, 1909-06-04

states snail guarantee TO
every state in this union a repub-
lican form of government, and
shall protect each of then against
invasion; and on application of
the legislature, or of the execu-
tive, (when the legislature can
not be convened), against do
nestle violence.
In first place, under this pro-
vision of the federal constitution,
Cd Hopkins V. City, 81 MINI. 189
itrests with congress to decide
what government is the estab-
lished one in a state. For as
the United States guarantees to
each state a republican COVER
nment, congress must necessar-
lily decide what government is
established in the state before it
can determine whether it is re-
publican or not. And
it's decision is binding upon ev-
cry other department Of the
government, and could not be
questioned in judicial tribunal.
1t is true that the contest in this
case did not last long enough to
bring the matter to this issue;
and congress was not
called upon to decide the contro-
versy. Yet the right to decide
is placed there, and not in the
courts.
This guaranty Of a republican
form of government is to every
state, and it is believed, has
nothing to do with purely munic-
ipal governments. "A republican
form of government, as contem-
plated by this section of the con-
stitution, relates to the form of
government for the state at
large a unit of the same gener-
al nature as the thirteen original
states which united to form the
federal union. 1T may be true, "
said the supreme court of the
United States that the general
rule is that the determination of
territorial boundaries of a munic-
ipal corporation is purely legis-
lative function, but there is moth
ing in the federal constitution to
prevent the people of a state
from giving, if it sees fit, full
jurisdiction over such matters to
the courts and taking it entirely
away from the legislature. The
preservation of legislative con-
troll in such matters is not one of
the essential elements of re-
publican form of government
which, under section 4 of article
", of the constitution, the
United States are bound to guar
antee to every state in this
union. "
Under the federal constitution
no particular government is des-
ignated as republican. nor is the
exact form to be guaranteed in
any manner especially designat-
ed. (2) Luther V. Borden, q
How, U. S. AZ; Texas V. White, |
7 Wall U. S. 700, 100; Taylor V.
Beckham, 178 U. S. 548, $40.
60 In re Pfahler, $50 Cal. II.
(4) Forsyth V. Hammond, 165 U.
S. 500, $40. "The guarantee, ="
it was said by the United States
Supreme Court, necessarily i'm
plies the duty on the part of the
states themselves to supply such
a government. All the states
had governments when the con-
stitution was adopted. II
These governments the 'constitu-
ton did not change. They were
accepted precisely as they were,
and it is therefore, to be presum-
ed that thcy were such as it was
the duty of the states to provide.
The Seattle Republican. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1???-1915, 1909-06-04

dRORuS, aIlOTu WlIIlOuC COuSClLu-
tional control or a restraining
power, no security to the rights
of individuals, or to the perman-
ent peace and safety of society.
In every government founded on
popular will, the people, though
intending to do right, are the
subject of impulse and passion;
and have been betrayed into acts
of folly, rashness and enormity,
by the fiattery, deception and in
fiuence of demagogues. !"
The Pennsylvania case, supra,
was overruled by the court which
gave it birth, and the supreme
court of Illinois pointed out what
it conceived to be the error of
both that and the Delaware case,
supra, in People V. Reynolds.
The views of the Illinois court
respecting the Pennsylvania and
Delaware cases were afterward
approved by the supreme court
of California, in the case of Up
ham V. Supervisors of Suffer
county.
New York's court of last re-
sort, have expressed their views
upon some phases Of the under
lying principles of the initiative
and referendum. In the case of
Thorne v. Cramer, the superior
court said: ''The doctrine that
no harm can result from allowing
the people to exercise, directly,
the law-making power, is more
plausible than sound. If it were
a legitimate subject for investi-
CATION at this time, we think it
might be easily shown that some
Of the worst evils necessarily
flow from such violation of the
fundamental law. The constitu-
ton has wisely deposited the leg
islative power in the hands of a
limited number of chosen men.
This is done, partly, because of
the impracticability of having
laws passed in a mass assembl-
age of the people; and, partly,
because it is supposed that the
chosen representatives will be
better qualified for the duty than
a considerable portion of the
electors. 1t is hardly necessary
to say that many voters are not
in all respects qualified to become
governors or legislators. They
may have discretion enough to
select suitable men for their Of
ficers; but if they were put di-
rectly to the business of passing
laws themselves they would be
quite out of their element. :" In
another case, decided by New
York's court of last resort, it
was held that, 4" If this mode of
legislation is permitted to be-
come general, it will soon bring
to close the whole system of
representative governm ent
which has been so justly our
pride. The legislature will be-
come an irresponsible body, too
timid to assume the responsible
ity of law givers, and with just
wisdom enough to devise subtle
schemes of imposture to mislead
the people. All the checks
against improvident legislation
will be swept away; and the
character of the constitution will
be radically changed"
In an early Michigan case it
was said by the supreme court
that, Public opinion will pre-
vail; but it will be enlightened,
deliberate and organically ex-
pressed public opinion. tits this
opinion alone which the consti-
tuition designed should govern.
Such a grant secures deliber-
The Seattle Republican. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1???-1915, 1909-06-04

Inc trainers OF The leuSrdl COIl-
stitution probably had no notion
that a republican form of govern
ment was menaced by the vigor-
Gus and fiourishing local govern
ments which universally pervad-
ed at least four of the original
thirteen states the system
known as the New England
towns; a system which has been
dispersed with various modifca-
lions in a number of the newer
states of the Union. 1t mig ht
be of interest land town organic
alton as it existed prior to the
formation of the federal consti-
tuion, left US in the writings of
that able lawyer and statesman,
John Adams, who probably knew
the system as intimately as any,
body could possibly know it.
"The towns in many parts of
America. wrote Mr.. Adams,
"are small districts of territory,
on an average perhaps six miles
square. By the ancient laws of
the country, which are still in
force, any seven inhabitants of
one of these towns, have a right
to demand of the magistrates a
public assembly of all. There
are necessarily several of these
town meetings a year, and gen
orally a great number of them,
In these assemblies every man
high and low, every yeoman,
tradesman, and every days la
borer, as we'll as every gentle
man and public magistrate, has
right to vote and to speak his
sentiments upon public affairs,
to propose measures, to instruct
representatives in the legislature,
etc. O. Minor v. Happersett,
81 Wall, 1862, IT'S, 176. This
right was constantly and fire.
quently used under the former
government, and is now much
more frequently used under the
new"
Such a system as described by
John Adams, prevalent through
out four states which united to
form the constitution, was not
considered to be inimical to re-
publican form of government;
Minor V. Happersett, Fl Wall,
176; on the contrary it fourished
in those states where the spirit
of republicanism was the most
uncompromising. AS we have
seen above, seven inhabitants of
one of those towns could initiate
an assemblage of the whole law
making body, and when it was
convened, any one of them had
a right to propose measures and
vote on the same.
4. Various Instances of the
Initiative and Referendum. The
referendum has been described
as a condition precedent to the
taking effect of law. The init
iative is in it's very nature a con-
dition precedent to the referen-
dunn.
The initiative and referendum
in some form or other have been
introduced into the legislative
systems of South Dakota, Ne
braska, California, Iowa and Or
egon; but no part of the world
with the exception of Switzer-
land and New Zealand, has been
invested with the democratic
power conferred upon Oklahoma
by her new constitution.
The provision of the Oklahoma
constitution for the iniative and
referendum are given below:
The legislative authority of
the state shall be vested in a leg
islature, consisting of a senate
The Seattle Republican. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1???-1915, 1909-06-04

poSo VI TSJSCC al the pOllS any
act of the legislature. The first
power reserved by the people is
the initiative, and eight per cent
of the legal voters shall have the
right to propose any legislative
measures, and fifteen per cent
of the legal voters shall have
the right to propose amend
ments to the constitution by Pc
tition, and every such petition
shall include the full text of the
measure proposed. The second
power is the referendum, and it
may be ordered either by petition
signed by five per cent of the
legal voters or by the legislature
as other bills are enacted. The
ratio and percentum of legal vot-
ers shall be based upon the total
number of votes cast at the last
general election for the state Of
ficers receiving the highest num-
Der of votes at such election.
In Florida one-fourth of the
registered voters of any county
may call an election by the init
atsve within the county on the
subject of prohibition. Revised
Statutes of Florida, 1892, p. 239
In Georgia one-tenth of the vot-
ers qualified to vote for the mem
bers of the general assembly in
any county in the state may in
woke the initiative. Georgia
Code, 1895, sec. 1914, ct seq.
Similar provisions are contained
in the statues of Minnesota, the
Code of Mississippi, the Revised
statutes of Missouri, the Montana
Code, the Code of Virginia, the
statutas of Wisconsin, and the
law of New Jersey.
5. The Initiative and Refer
endum in the Light of the Con-
stitution. In some of the early
cases there may be found some
expression of opinion by the
courts, mostly dictum, to the eff
feet that direct legislation by the
people is impracticable, and re-
pugnant to the principles of a
representative government UNI
der the federal constitution.
These cases were decided when
the principles of the initiative
and referendum was compare
lively new in this country. Pos
sibly the leading example of this
class of decisions is the product
of the supreme court of the state
of Pennsylvania. 1t was there
held in Parker v. Commonwealth
in 1847, that, IF the two houses
can divest themselves of the Of
flee of law makers, and devolVe
it upon the body of the people,
what security hava we against
the passage of laws, perhaps
we'll meant, but likely to be glar-
ingly wrong, because inconsider-
ately adopted? And what check
is left upon hasty and ill-advised
zeal, open to be influenced and
misguided by interested cunning
or blind fanaticism? If the prac-
tice be sanctioned, there must
follow a train of experiments
which unarrested at some point
of their progress, must end in
the final overthrow of the con-
stitution. Every case of doubt
full propriety will be referred to
the result of q ballot; and acts
of assembly subject to the popu-
lar vote, will be yielded to UNI
clamor or partisan i'm
portunity, by faithless legisla-
tors anxious to escape the re-
sponsibility of their position"
The Delaware court, in the case
Of Rice V, Foster, declared that,
Wherever the power of making
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1909-04-06
Big Months Work at Spencer

Spencer, n. c., April 3.-The Speu-
Ger shops Of the Southern Railway
turned out during the month OF March
6S locomotives for service on the FIVE
divisions running into Spencer. which
is said to be the largest months WORK
in the history of the shop. OF the IS
engines leaving; the shops Sc were in
stances $2,oO0 each. The force Of en-
ployes at Spencer has been greatly in
creased and it is said every man wor
thy of work is being employed. In the
boiler department the force is the
largest in the history of the Spencer
shops. The monthly pay roll at Speu-
Ger is said to be $4,000.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1909-04-06
NEW ENTERPRISES
FOR THE SOUTH
Engagements and Inn
pr0vements Planned
Especial to News and Observer

Baltimore, Nd, April 1.-Many III
dustrial enterprises have baen an
nounced in the South during the pas
week and many established enterpris -
have stated their plans for enIargc-
ments and improvements. Gotten Aain-
ing continues to be especially actiyc
and reports to the Manufacturer
Record for the first three months OF
the e show a total Of 268.Sse spin
dies and $3.50 looms, representing al
investment Of $6,722,000, as decided Oh
for installation.
Almost all Of this machinery vii
be additions to the eQuipm ant eff cs-
tablished companies, including the
500 0 spindle and 1850 loom plant.
costing 81, 100000 Of the Erwin Cotton
Mills Co., West Durham, N. c.. and
the so, coo spindle and 1900 loena ad-
dition. costing $1,eeO, O00, of the Dan
River Power and Manufacturing CO -,
Danvile, Va. Two mills each for 25.
900 spindles n 700 looms and each
costing 100000, are being added hN
the Brandon Mills and the Woodside
Cotton Mills, of G~reenville, S. {
Other reports Of the week include.
Appalachian Power Co. Henderson
vile, N. c., incorporated with s25o,-
900 capital; Somerset Lumber Co,
Princess Anne, Md, incorporated wit
100000 capital; Roanoke Mills MAJ
ufacturing Co, Roanoke, Va. ineorpo-
rated with $4,000 capital; Big Hll!a-
bee Power Co., Alexander City, Ala,
to expend $4,000 for water-powea
tural Gas Co. Shreveport, La. incor
porated with $780, 900 capital; Riu
Grande Valley Reservoir ana trrisa-
ton Co.. Moundsville, Tex, organic
to build plant for irrigating 10000
acres of land: Big Vein Pocahontas
Coal Co. Tazeweu. Va, ~incoroorate 7
with $500, 000 capital to develop the
coal properties recently purchased by
Thos. P. Boswell, Of Baltimore: 3. +.
Avery & Sons, Louisville. planninI
construction of additional pillow Works
on a site Of 35 acres; Puritan Cerdaes
Co, Louisville, to build a mill costino
$1,000 0 Furst Bros, Baltimore, t.
build a $1,000 addition to plant for
m~ouldings; Rockport Coal Co, Roch-
port, KY. incorporated with. s5C,o96
| capital to develop 100 acres OF Goa
land; Pocatalico Oil Co.. C1arteston,
| w. Va, incorporated with 5000 Q
capital: Charles r. Ball Lumber Co.
Shreveport, La, Incorporated with
$4,000 capital; and various others
Business activities included the fol
lowing:
GUIDE and Co, Atlanta. Ga. receive
contract for $4,000 postonice at
National Bank awarded contract to
Geo. J. Glover. both Of New Orleans.
for ~$1,OOo. 900 office building; Vir-
ginian Railway awarded contract to
4: n: Walkup.. Richmond. for s25.oo"
station at Roanoke, Va; City Of Balti-
more awarded contract to Davis
Peoples & Co. Of that city. for 90
struction of 100000 school: j. j.
MINOR awarded contract to w. =.
Hatcher Construction Co., both o.
I Dallas. Texas. for construction OF
100000 warehouse; H. Clay GrHsb
awarded contract to c. r. Propst, both
Of Salisbury, N. c., for constructors Of
Ward and associates. of Hamilton, O,
to build $15O,0OO theatre at Louisville;
Marion Hotel Co, Little Rock accept
ed plans for 100000 addition to
! hotel
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1909-04-06
Should Associate With McGinty,

ViIIuIuBC On star.
me fellow who started the rurnor
OF the blowing up Of the battleship
Mississippi with the loss of life Of
all On board ought to be just where
the men of the vessel would now be
had the report been true.