New-York tribune., 1909-09-25
BEFORE THE DISCOVERY
U1JFI HUDSON C.fNE.
Commercial RiralrB of Nations
Brought Huff Moon to This
Side Of the OccaH.


ana Hu.lson's adventuru1a 70 North America
were the outcome OF the keen rivalry among
England France Spain ana Holland for su-
premarv on Tho seas. rnnuItrce ana for tho
expansion of their holdings IN foreign lands.
James I sat IN f,nsIand'S throne Frances non
arch was Henry and Philip II ruled over spain.
Their iealuuses were strong, AMI they and their
subje IS spared nc pains 10 risk lives, Treasure
and labor in accomplishing U'iat vouid rebound
10 the glory ana profit ~ orc ~ the expense
OF the others
Portugal which n mo past bad lcG III dis
corery in the East and pu.u .p a great com
Incr,e. had rctro@rad"d ana ir The early part
Of the sevenjecnth century -edg cd 90 the
Tole ~ an apre1dase %, ~palH. nance had cor
a hong time been intriguing To- strengthen hcr
position by playing ~ Spain. England and thr
Netherlands against one another.
Spain had begun h'r d"eInc. Ir "a. only
r,"Huy pass zenith of hcI ,r, ..;a,,~ .f., Wa.
tic most potent military, raNal. ""u r1"r.;al and
political poNe.' GA Garth. ~ darus, aro .-r~s-
fIl eXI editions 1.cr unknown waters to ceiall,
strange and Ies.ndar. lands -i.e had added
thousands o. s,. are miles .t g.rrItors ,o the
crown NJ Ca>tiie ana tragou. The possessions
under The Spanish Hac -, tho Americas i.sroic.
Africa and Asi;. constituted a., first erarir, pau
which, it might With TRUTH eo >atd. th, .li.
never set
DUTCH AND ENGLIoE AGREE.
Spain had warred unsurceeslully Win Eng
land, ana for forty years before ita:, Lad .,.r
Out treasure and men AMI I.d ali that wealth
power AMI influence "ould r-,fuuIanJ 20 S,nju-
gate the Dutch. The Low Cnuutrrs nun, with
stood the Spanish onslaught ana reCuscd 10 yield
10 the Spanish Crown. Finally Il twelve years.
truce was proclaimed Both needed ia sorcly
Spain as well as the Netherlands
The existence Of tho truce did not i,.ss.i m.
hatred felt hy the Dutch toward The Smniards
and TED them to form N sentiment 4, com
munty of interest with the English agains; the
D"ns So, in the sending out Of Hudson To dis
cover either a northwest or a northeast pas
sage in spirit EHglan1 ana Holland We're a unit
Both were bent upon doing together or sngly
anything that would rebound To- the undoing or
Spain
Ia lIsS spain haa collected her famous AT
mada 10 invade ana suhiugate England The
Dutch rendered England important assistance
by creating conditions in the Netherlands 50 that
the Spanish could not withdraw their troops
ana hurl them against England Sir Francis
prak3 gave battle TO the Armada a. il ap-
preached the coast Of Grea, Britain and de-
s'royei ana scattered IT,
The English government ana English ncr-
chants had aided the Dutch 10 hold the Span
iards IN check by sending them money and men.
While in 1909 the English and the Spanish were
nominally az peace and the Dutch and the Span
iSh resting under tho twelve years truce. the
feeling against the Spanish by The English and
IN" Dutch was hostile as eyer
COMMERCIAL RIVALRY KEEN.
England had just passed through the Eliza
bethan era, during which the Virgin Oueen's
ndmrals had won supremacy on the seas and
laid The foundation 81 the country's maritime
greatness; n'anufactur's and commerce had been
extraordinarily stimulated. exploration abroad
hid been encouraged M genius had been in
sprcd and assisted
When James / ascondcd the English throne in
1903, the impetus given the expansion I'm Eng
lands trade, exploration ana genius under Eliza
beth did not lose momentum The great COM
mercial and pioneering companies eyiousIv
formed were rich, hourshing ana aggressive.
Parliament in 1866 had chartered the first Of
these, called THE Fellowship of English Mer-
chants for the Discovery II New Trades" termed
for short, the Nuscovy, Russia. Company.
Transactions 81 first were chiefly with Russia
Christopher Hudson, who is believed To have
been relative Of Henry Hudson was one Of the
founders Of the Muscovy Company Other com
panies We're formed-the Turkey Companv in
1881, the Morocco Company in 1889 and The
Guinea Company in 1888
II the lure OF the East tho rich CONNER
cial possibilities offered by trade with China and
the East Indies, that provided the capital prize
for which all countries strOve. England found
the Netherlands a rival that put her on her
me,tle, for the friendship between the countries
arising from political causes did not serve 10
lessen the strenuousness of their competition for
the trade "f the East. The Dutch more than
held their own. Their aggressOns in the Rus
sian trade Were SO successful that just before
Hudson's voyage To New Netherlands In 1903