The Montgomery advertiser., 1909-12-23
MACHINERY TO
BREATHE ARTIFTCIALLY
Mine Owners OF France Have Em-
ployed scientists to Provide
Means for Artificial Res
pfrntiom.

PAWS dlEU&Ltn 10 6UELUA &t0&t9chkRhsff
NJ Taffansl. the director of the test
ing station which has been established
at Lieyen by the committee OF French
coliiery owners. has been engaged for
some months past In conducting meth
odical experiments with apparatus for
artificial respiration. employing COM
pressed oxygen gas, for such purposes
as life saving in mines or fighttng un-
foreground fires. Very exhaustive and
minute tests have peen carried out
with the apparatus introduced By It's
sot which lie most widely adopted In
France at the present time. and also
with specimens OF two sets of the best
known German apparatus. VIZ. that OF
Draeger and the Securities apparatus
OF the Westphalia company.
In all these appliances there ID
reservoir containing compressed oxy-
gen gas. the output of which 10 regu-
lated by an expansion valve. series
of tubes, so arranged as to constitute
q closed circuit, In which the resptred
gas must always circulate In the same
direction. and into which the outflow
Of the oxygen gas u conveyed. re-
generator to absorb the carbonic ACID
gas exhaled In the breath, an escape
valve TO allow the excess of oxygen
gas to pass away, and q dilatable re-
ceiver or pouch to regulate the varia-
lions in the volume OF air and gas adj
mitted to the lungs. The apparatus
of Tissot differs from the others in
using only the respiration from the
nose. the wearer being compelled to
introduce between his lips and teeth.
In q metallic plate which serves the
purpose OF a gag and Is maintained In
position by attachment 70 q cap and
straps. The regenerator contains a
concentrated potash solution. The
flask Of oxygen is adapted to contain
the gas at pressure Of $50 atmos-
phereB.
The Draeger apparatus can be used
for purposes of respiration by means
OF either a mouthpiece or a cap. The
rsgenerator consists OF two vessels
containing a mixture of caastic potash
and soda IN small pieces. The expired
air circulates between twenty discs
which are perforated alternately with
q circular and an annular orihce. The
gas, which ia strongly heated by the
publication process. II chilled by
causing 1t to pass between two con-
centric cylinders formed OF this sheet
metal. This circulation Is effected by
means OF an injector. The Securities
apparatus only differs from that of
Draeger in the shape OF the regenera-
tor.
out with men equipped with the appa-
ratus under test and engaged in ar
duous work, the amount of which IL
was possible to ascertain. This work
consisted In climbing and descending
steps, ard 1t was selected because IL
involves the emplo ylment of q large
number Of muscles which have to be
used to an approximately equal extent
by each individual. The tests were
each repeated several times by sew
eral selected groups of men wearing
In turn the different kinds Of appa-
ratus. While the work was in prog :
ress NJ. Taffanel took a note of the
pulse and OF the number of resptra-
tons In each minute. At the same
time numerous samples were taken OF
the air In the condition exhaled and
as inhaled so ais to test the degree OF
efficacy of the regenerative processes,
The chemical phenomena produced
In the respiration apparatus were ex-
amined with the utmost care during
the different phases of working, as
also were the variations in the amount
OF oxygen present. the capacity for
absorbed the impure gases, the eff
cheney OF regeneration. and the per-
MISSILE limits within which work was
possible. The physical conditions
were also fully Investigated, and care
Iul tests were maze Win respect TO
the air-tight properties Of each kind
of apparatus. The conclusions form
ed were. as follows: All the three
types OF apparatus give good results
provided certain precautions are OBJ
served, the principal being TO avoid
strain or overdrivinR. especially at the
beginning of operations. The normal
action Of breathing then results in an
augmentation of the yield OF oxygen
in the regulating expansion reservoir,
and thus allows OF increased exertIon
without undue vitiation OF the air In
the apparatus. The principal OF re-
generation by means OF liquid potash
| adopted by Tissot is satisfactory, and
the amount OF carbonic acid gas In
the air inhaled varies from 05 to is
per cent. 1t is. however. more perfect
in the Draeger type OF apparatus, and
less SO in the Securities apparatus
The use of liquid for the regenera-
tor has, however, certain drawbacks.
Certain other points in favor of the
TissOt apparatus are enumerated