davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1909-04-02
OILY STRANGER
SOLD A MULE

R. w. Hight is out 500 as a result OF
a mule trade with smooth stranger
Saturday. The man gave his name as
T. L. Park and claimed to be from
Lynnville. He presented a mule for
sale which he claimed to have bought
from George Tate at Lynnville. MT
Hight bought the mule for $50 and
then came the trouble.
A telephone message soon arrived
from N. R. Cooper of SummertoWn
stating that one of his mules had
been stolen and asking that the Co
lumbia officers look out for the mule
and the thief. The description OF the
mule was an exact fit for the mule
that Mr.. Hight had bought. Officers
started out to find "Mr. Park" ou'
II was learned that he had had his
check cashed and had left, presumably
for Nashville. He has not been seer
since. Cooper came up and got Ms
mule.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1909-04-02
REAPINC BENEFIT
From the Experience OF Columbia
People.

We are fortunate indeed to be aole
to profit by the experience OF our
neighbors. The public utterances Oh
Columbia residents on the following
subject will interest and benefit thou
sands of our readers. Read this state
ment. No better proof can be had;
S. L. White, 46 High ST., COLUMBIA
Tenn. saws: 81 was troubled by KID
new disease for years and had dull,
heavy backache and sharp pains In
nv loins. The trouble was more In.
tense when stopped, lifted or exerted
myself in any way. The kidney Sc.
creations we're irregular in passage and
caused me much annoyance, especially
at night. Seeing Doan's Kidney PliiS
advertised. l procured box at Adams
and Martins drug store and after US
inc them a few days, there was 9
marked Improvement Continued use
cured me and for that reason | can
not say too much in favor OF Doan'
Kidney pills" :,
For sale by all dealers. Price D
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CO., But
falo New York, sole agents for the
United States.
Remember the name-DoAN's-anC
take no other.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1909-04-02
THE DIVORCE EVIL
DAILY THREATN|NG
PURITY OF HOME
SAWS DR.. MACK IN CLOSING SER
MON ON 1.-THE WEDDING
RING"
Are CONSECUTIVE POLYGAMISTS
Beauties of Family Life Pictured
in Eloquent Dscourse.-A Plea
is Made For The old-FashIoneo
Way.

Rev. G. H. Mack, pastor of the Flsst
Cumberland Presbyterian church sun
day night delivered the last OF series
of lectures on The Wedding RING
his subject being THE Home-lts
Lights and Shadows"
He said in part
The concept home" is limited TO
the English language. Other tongues
NAV speak of house, mansion, dwell
ing, domicile or tent, but the tnoueh'
Of home is peculiar to the Anglo
Saxon. 1t is place, no matter no"
homely. where love and companion
ship. toll and care, joy and happiness
mingle together; where along with the
o,d-fashioned vines and shrubs there
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1909-04-02
DIDN'T REACH THERE
But ABSOLUTELY SURE
SOUTH POLE IS COLD
Returning EXPLORERS VEN
TuRE ASSERTION REGARDING
TEMPERATURE At STICK
THE PRIVATIONS ENDURED
Commonwealth Of Australia oispleas'
d over Failure TO Report Landing
the Nimrod.-Had Put up twenty
Five Thousand.

CHRIST CHURCH, New Zealand
March 26.-Lieut shackieton's ship
Nimrod has returned here with the
exploring party aboard, all Of whom
are well. The members OF the expe-
dition give some details additional to
those already published. Prof. David
and his companions recount that when
Itbev started on the journey TO the
magnetic pole the weather was so hot
they had to pull their sledges in sing
Ilets There was half a ton of pro-
visions on each sledge. After a COM
naratiyelv easy 250-mile journey along
the sea ice. they had hard and al
most hopeless climb to the inland
plateau. They carried their lives IN
their hands, fighting their way inch by
inch, and suffered great 'privations on
! the return journey.
When rescued by the Nimrod they
were a party of gaunt skeletons; the
Nimrod had almost given them up for
lost.
The members of Lieut.. Shackelton' s
marty state that when they were COM
lnelled TO turn back their body strength
was diminishing so rapidly that their
temneratures went down te far below
normal in some cases reaching to 80
daorees and in others considerably
: lower than that They nearly dled
from starvation before finding one OF
the depots, and were always on very
short rations. Had this party been
two DAYS later in reaching the MIN
rod she would have been frozen in
for another season.
They declare that any further ex
prorer attempting to reach the Pole
t must be provided with much larger
supplies of food, because there Is NJ
q doubt that the South Pole is situated
on a high plateau and that the coldes
and stormiest weather in the Worl(
prevails there, there being 70 degrees
Of frost under the very mildest condi
' tons
} Lieut. shackleton declined to sa!
anything Regarding the protest mad
nv the Commonwealth of Australl
T because 1t had received no news OF tn
Nimrod's arrival at Stewart Island
although the Commonwealth had We
ted $4,000 toward the expenses O
. the expedition.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1909-04-02
LAID Sale
N. E. White, ct al,
VS..
r. M. White.

In tho Chancerv Court, at Columbia
Tennessee.
Pursuant to a decree entered vi
above styled cause at the Feby' Spe
cial Term, 1909, on minutes at pas'|
566 l will on e. ann
Monday, the 18th day of April lSVA
at IL o'clock noon, -.
at the Court House door in Columo4|
Tennessee, sell to the highest bldoell
the land described in said decre'
bounded and described as follows, NJ "
wit: Located in the old 10Th Wv.
District of Maury County, Tennessee
bounded as follows: On the n ~
the lands of P. M. Gray; on the y
by the land of w. E. Gray; on t tS'
s. by the public road; and on u y,
w. by M. r. White, containing o
acres, more or less. ;,
Terms: Said sale will be maue y
a credit OF IL and "a months, eXce !,
the sum of one-third, which Will -. y
required in Cash on day Of Sale. a ,au
free from the equity of redempliOa
Notes bearing interest from date ~
sale with good personal security ~, w.
be required of the purchaser ana ~ ~
retained to secure the payment OF ~
purchase money. ,ooo
This. the 10th day of March, l9Vs'
19-4t A. N. AKIN, G. q N.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1909-04-02
ALONZO SPRUNG HIS
METROPOLITAN WAYS

Alonzo Kelley, colored, was as
sessed $500 and costs In the City
Court this morning. Alnozo claims
st. Louis as his home and has been
here only a few weeks, but has al
ready started some OF his city ways.
He signed the name of Webb Jones,
foreman for John NJ. Gray to an order
for some groceries and got John Har-
Ian, a grocer in Macedonia to fill the
order. oHicers Green and Lancaster
we're notified and the arrest followed.
Jim Black, colored, arrested by OH
GERS Lancaster and Stages on a charge
OF gaming, was fined $6.4O by Recorder
Erwin
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1909-04-02

that one out OF every twelve MARRIAGES
- wrong An awful condition for a
Land that claims a Christian CIVIL
zatiOn.
The causes are many. One. the
.h,efest 4 in the fundamental concep-
lion Of marriage held BY many lheS
consider il a social contract II TWO
,.ree 10 enter the partnership they
NAV agree to withdraw from t. TINS
,baorv saws. They do not regard the
hoods ~ children, or the family insu-
tut5on The family as the central
rnit Of society is thereby endangered.
What was Jesus view? You VIII
end il in Matthew 1916. He says
tbev become one flesh. They enter
citation as real as that Of blood, as
deem a. that OF brother and sister
One may repudiate a brother, may
so,arate from him, but that one Is
! brother nevertheless. Whom Goa
hath Joined together, let not man put
asnnder." If they have entered INTO
this solemn covenant before Goa Ines
have become relations for life.
But it is said, we cannot keep form
senarating. That is not greatest eFll'
The greatest evil of divorce is re-mar-
rage and the correspondent is becom-
inc familiar figure in the divorce
oonrt We are becoming polygamlsts
Not like the Zulu chiefs or the Moham
adam merchants whose wealth Is
counted by the number of wives WIFI
them. They have them all at once
we one at a time. We are consecu
tive polygamists. Is it any Wonuel
that States are passing laws prevent
inc remarriage within certain tlme
and that the ministry of the Churcf
is refusing to marry any divorced per
sons? With Jesus word before one
how could faithful servant engag'
in such practice?
Correction will not come alone D.
legislation. There must be educatloi
as TO the requirements OF marriage
its ideals and obligations. The youni
must not enter it lightly or unad
visedly. but advisedly, soberly ana i
the fear of Cod And every man Il
his home life must give to the CON
munity an example of the true home
the Christian home. The home Una
lives with you as precious memoir
where the love between father an
mother was shared by the chlldreh
where the ideal atmosphere, redolen
with the Christian thoughts oil 20
. and Christ and duty, was breathe
NV the children, so that nourished
the pure and the good they followed
d naturally. May such a home De ol
ideal, and may they be multiplied
n our land.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1909-04-02
SHOULD HAVE
HORSE PARADE.
sTocKMEN INTERESTED IN BIG
DISPLAY OF EQUlNES ON
NEXT MONDAY.
Lizzie Christman, Defendant.

Next Monday promises to be the
biggest day in the year from horse
show standpoint. A number of the
owners of fine horses of the county
we're in town today and each and
every one expressed a willingness and
a desire to have big display of stock.
All that is needed now is some one to
take charge of the matter and act as
chief marshal and the thing will be
success. The horses will be here and
the people will be here, but there
must be seem one to manage the
horses and the owners and get them
pinned up properly
There is no better person suited for
the occasion than John P. McGaw,
and while Mr.. McGaw has not been
approached on the subject, 1t is a
cinch that he will act as marshal, and
with the assistance OF such gentle
men as J. C. Sowell, DR.. w. P. VOL
bridge, W. H. Jones, Jake Harlan
and several others the day is assured
as a success.
The Herald is much interested In
the horse business and hopes to see
fine display of stock here the First
Monday in April. It not only adver
tises the horse to bring them to town
but it advertises the town and county
as well. There will be number o.
horse men here from a distance fol
the purpose OF seeing the products o
Maury county.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1909-04-02
noN.REsIpENT MOTTO E.

Clerk and Masters Office, Columbia
Tenn, March IL, 1909.
William Christman, Complainant,
Lizzie Christman, Defendant
It appearing from affidavit filed ID
this cause, that the Defendant Lizzie
Christman, is a nonresident OF the
State of Tennessee. .
It Is therefore ordered that she en-
ter her appearance herein before or
within the first three days of the next
term of the Chancery Court, to be
held at Columbia, on the Third Mon
dav in April next, 1909, and plead,
answer or demur to Compliments
bill, or the same will be taken for con-
fessed as to her and set for hearing
ex parte; and that copy OF this order
be published for four consecutive
weeks in the Columbia Herald.
A Copy-Attest;
A. N. AKIN, Clerk and Master.
]. H. DINNING,
12-4t Sol'r. for Comppt.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1909-04-02
WILLIAMS BROKE
EVEN IN GAME
snecial to The Herald.

Special 10 THO H0KuIU' -
HUNTSVILLE, Ala, March "a
games of base ball were pulled "
here last Saturday between WilliaI
and the Central High School OF on1
tanooga and the two teams orOI
even, the first game resulted in fa1
Of Williams by a score of 5 to 9, y
ond game resulted in favor of Cful
in a close game of to 0, which VI
one of the best games that has O7
seen here in a long time.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1909-04-02
NoN.REs DENT NOTICE

Clerk and Masters Office, Columns
Tenn, March 10, 1909.
w. B. Taylor, ct al, Complainant
VS..
T. w. stevens, ct al, Defendant.
1t appearing from affidavit hleu
this cause, that the Defendant,
TYLER and - Crouch are nonfe'
dents of the State of Tennessee
It is therefore ordered that tns
enter their appearance herein oei ~
or within the first three days Oh y
next term Of the Chancery Court, ,o
be held at Columbia, on the sra N.Y.
day in April next, 1909, and pea;
answer, or demur to Complalna y,
hill. or the same will be taken ior ~
fessed as to them and set for heaiis
ex-parte: and that copy OF TINS y
der be published for four consecuu"
weeks in The Columbia Herald
A Copy-Attest: ,u.or
A. N. AKIN, Clerk and master,
GREENLAW & wHITTHoRNiE'
19-4t Solrs. for CompIL
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1909-04-02
Street, M ar tin& Vaughn Co.

grow the lives of dear ones. Anu
with feeling we sing,
enid pleasures and palaces though
we may roam,
Be it ever so humble, there's no place
like home.
A charm from the skies seems to hal
low us there,
Which sought through the world Is no'
met with elsewhere.
am sorry for the one who has not
had a home; whose years OF CROWN
have not been in the midst of nor
NAL home life. For the world OF So
ciety has such relations and requires
such duties that one is not lifted lor
life without a proper home training.
And one cannot appreciate that great
est teaching of Jesus on the FatneF-
hood of God and the Brotherhood OF
man unless he has had experience IN
those relations in the normal nome
Our industrial homes, our orphan asy-
lums, or families torn asunder by ol-
vorce are abnormal places to rear
vonth. and we will one day see 1t so
clearly that a better plan Will be
found.
The homes of a people are the true
index of their civilization. we tnanK
God for the countless number IN our
1and-homes where honest labor ana
noble ambitions fill the life, homes
that are pure and strong. They are
an honor to any land.
But there are forces in our country
threatening our homes. And since
the home is the seat of the family, ano
the family is the unit of society the
breaking ND of the family relation car
he regarded only with apprehension
The movement of so many from the
country to the city is of no help TO tne
family idea. Isolation makes the nome
center complete in itself; but VIII
the congestion of the city with III
MANY attracting forces the home llte
| &c affected and family ties loosened
lCommercialism means renting, 1t calls
for fats and boarding houses, and III
tie family life is possible there. HoV
good in the change and flow OF thlng
m have an old home to go back 10
There 1t stands, an anchor 10 TIL
life We walk out with father to SCI
tho stock or talk with mother on TN
norch or in the old garden. It's tn
old home!
Love of self and love OF none
/. threaten the home. There is no piac
/, for pure selfshness in the home, 10
4 the domineering temper. the seltIr
,, dulsent complaint. And the one wh
. enters It to exercise them will 500
4 And the relations irksome. Then n
Y will consider it easier to get dlvorc
than to be good. Family life stand
? for the specialization of the will, II
a volving friction, self-discipline an
Q seIssacriflce. Just these things ar
L needed in society from the family
. contribution to the welfare OF tn
o race.
I. But the greatest enemy OF the HON
Q IA the divorce evil. Late statistic
= show that for every twelve marriage
in our country there is one divorce
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-07-08

|H.. .-G.-H..
One quart sifted -four equals one
pound.
One quart of sugar equals four cup
fuls.
A dash Of pepper is o%ne-Quarter salt.
spoonful.
Two cupfuls unsifted -four equals
one pound.
Two Correspondents equal n table
spoonful.
One tablespoonful soft butter equals
one I'M
One quart broken loaf sugar equals
one pound.
One pint granulated sugar equals
fourteen ounces.
One heaping tablespoonful of sugar
equals n ounce.
Two teacupfuls packed soft butter
equal n pound.
One and one-half cupfuls firm butter
equal n pound.
Eight large or ten medium sized eggs
equal II pound.
Two level coffeecupfuls powdered SUI
gar equal n pound.
One pint w~ell-packed soft butter
equals II pound.
-Four heaping tablespoonfuls soft but
ter equal cupful.
Two heaping cupfuls "a coffee SUI
gar) equal n pound.
Three and sone-half cupfuls corn
meal equal n pound.
Two level ~coffeecupfuls gra~nulated
sugar equal one pound.
One quart powc ered sugar equals
one pound seven ounces
Two heaping t~easpoonfuls Of sugar
! equal n heaping tablespoonful.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-07-08

Oliyet, / eervence- Ztrata sesti
vzacnSch konf Knut Knutsova,
farmafe bydlfcfho blize tohoto
mesta, poplasila vdkolnf farmery
" obave by ] oni nem9li ztratu ma
konfch neznamou nemocf, kteraz
Gcinkuje ma chftan a plfce kone.
Zverolekafi, jenz byli povolani ne
mohli numoci zabraniti aniz il roz
poznati.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-07-08
poznati.

Freeman, / = Neznamf dlouho-
prstaci operujf pc vnkolnfch far
mach a berou co Sc Jim ma prsty
pfilepf. Nenf mic neobvykleho
kdyz tito ukradnou farmeru v no.
ci nekolik set slepit, mlade prasa-
ia anebo dobytGe. v jednom pff-
pade zapalili 0 tfetf hodine ranni
dunn a jen S velkou namahou oby-
vateld oheh byl uhasen drive neil
celia budova leila plamendm "a
.obet.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-07-08
Ornament.

Vedomost Sc tfmto dava clenum
Cesko-rolnicke Vzajemne Pojist.
Spoil. v Tabofe, Re mohou zapravi-
ii rozpocet ma Taborske bance.
Kazdf necht neopomene ssebou
witt rozpocetnf listek, jenz byl
obdrzel cd tajemnika. Stavalo Sc
mnohdy, Re lfstek byl pohozen a
tajmenfkovi pfidelana zbytecna
prdce. JOS. Novotny, pfedseda.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-07-08

Zakon ohledne cigarett, jenz je
v platnosti cd prvnfho t. m. obsa-
huie vetu, die nfz by mohl byt OBJ
chodnik pokutovan pro prodej d.
mex nebo cigarov5ch spicek. We
ia ia mi "a cokoliv jest zhotoveno
a pfipraveno pro 1cel nacpanl ia.
b6kem Ike koufenf." jest ysaB
pochybnost Re nekdo Dude pokutc
Van nebot 1mysl zakona Sc vyluc-
ne vztahuie ma cigarety, ac V cd.
stavci nenf ureiteho yyiadfenf.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-07-08

Dratene okna 1B palce tluste,
dobfe barvene, 2 ciste borovice. "a
8 centu ctverecnf stfevfc. Tuto ce
nu citajf catalogue domy a zakaz-
mix usetff dovoz kdyz koupf u mas.
.Obyceine dratene dyefe jsou bar
vene, lepsf jsou oleiovane t6z . els
te borovice. Nejlepsf dratenky.
j. HI. Queal 6 Co.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-07-08

Ohledne one rvacky, jenz Sc me
la pfihoditi ma vlaku jedoucf ma "a
pad V dter5 rano, nam sdelil iisty
elovek jenz tam prave byl, ze sice
par napafen5ch mladfkn chtelo
zpIsobit kraval, avsak energetic
kSm zakrocenfm konduktera, jenz
namffenfm revolyerem pofadek
zjednal, mohlo dojftf k tomu. Rov
nez nebyl SadnF zatcen V Tyndall
pfi pfijezdu vlaku mimo jednoho
opileho chlapa.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-07-08
Rdzn6 zs Ststu.

Pierre, 30 cervna Farmefi V
Lyman okresu 81 st6zujf ma okol-
most kde rozkazem autorit bylo "a
bito nekolik konf ienz trpelo hff-
becfm. Usilujf to by Y takovem
pffpads byla kazdemu nahrazena
skoda kterou utrpi, avsak nikde '
zakoniku nelze najfti dolozku '
tom smyslu. Bude ucinen pokus
ma pffste zasedajfcf legislature by
prosadila podobny zakon.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-07-08

Prave nynf byste NELL opatfiti
sve budovy hromosvody. Proda-
vame Barnettovy tyce a draty,
jenz isou nejlepsf. Rezac a Jezew
ski. z41
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-07-08

Stfezte svych zivotu a obydlf
Shinnsov5m hromosvodem. Mno
no ohhd a ztrat ma majetku ie "a
yineno bleskem. Shinnsovy hro-
mosvody chranf. Zastavte Sc u
mas ohledn6 toho. Skorpfk a Ku-
lis. b4-1
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-07-08

Kostel a Jezewski prodavaif
pomnfky a nahrobky a zdobf hro-
by. Zamente dfeveny pomnfk ma
hrobe tech jichz jste milovali "a
kamenF ktery potrva ma vzdy.
Mnzem yam zaopatfiti ty nejkras-
nejsf pcmnfky "a nejnizsf cenu.
4-l
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-07-08

Esmond, / Meek patriot w.
L Barnettovi radeii spachal samo-
vrazdu nezli by byl cichal zapach
automobile Sprovodil Sc syeta
tim Re schvalne padl ma zeleznou
paku cd plouhu kteraz mu projela
srdcem.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-07-08

Will Mach ma ma prodej Gads
gasolinove pohony, jenz jsou mel
lepsi. Pfijdte 81 je prohlednouti.
Tez prodava gasolin
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-07-08

Zamyslfte- Ii stavet male neb
velk6, deite v5pocet J.. III. Queal,
usetfime YAM penfze.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-07-08

Ma prodei, farma 0 $50 akrech
u Geddes, bez v5stavnostf. Haste
Sc u Alois Bouza, Tabor, route 1,
So. Oak. II
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-07-08

Prodavam kapry kazdy ctvrtek
a patek. j. E. Janda Lakeport,
s. d..
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-07-08

Jest u mne cervenS bycek ~ no
ku star5. Mattel iej obdrzf pc
zaplacenf 1trat. Frank Hovorka.
IL
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-07-08
MaIj %OznamOyate|.
Ia fadek Sc platt 5 cta. DO prye; dalsf inserat
t6 same o2namky 2 Gently a pGL

Tabule do oxen vsech merach
lie dostati v Quealove skladu.
The Eureka sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1902-current, 1909-04-03

ernor Mckinley. and he employed him
in gathering statistics for his depart
ment. In 1896 he was elected secreta-
~ treasurer of the Ohio Mine Work
ers and two years later a vice presi-
dent Of the national organization.
AS n national senator
George T. Oliver of Pennsylvania is
about the newest of the group of sen
ators who are specially in the public
eye on account of their newness. for he
has Just been selected for the seat va
Gated by Philander Chase Knox when
the latter became premier of the cal.
met. More than ordinary interest at
taches to the personality Of Mr.. Oliver
on recount Of his stepping into the
shoes of so eminent n statesman as
Mr.. Knox is recognized TO be. Not.
withstanding the influence welded by
his predecessor I'm the councils of the
senate and Of the nation Mr.. Oliver
himself win have to take a back seat
for awhile. In accordance with senate
r~recedents. unless. like Senators La
Toilette and Gore and jefferson Davis,
he insists on being heard, no matter
what traditions are smashed.
Mr.. Oliver. who was born In Tyrone.
ireland. in 1913. while his father and
mother, who were native Irish, were