davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-12-25

night air In receptaclcs wrapped In straw
the water the next morning was cooler
than the atmosphere.
From Egypt the knowledge spread. and
tho Greeks took 1t up. as did the Romans.
Those people, however, had the advantage
OF being able 20 procure snow and ice.
and 1t Is said that Nero was the nrst
mon to establish an icehouse. Snow was
gathered and packed IN cellars, and 1t
kept fairly well
But anyone can store away ice md
keep 1t. or Mt least keep n certain per
ccntogc OF 1t. but In countries where
there Is no snow or ice and ice Is wanted
II is necessary To manufacture II As
far bGck os 800 Blasius Vnlcfranca
wrote upon methods OF making ice and
curried on experiments In the centuries
since there have been hundreds OF others
who have written and experimental, but
II remained for Or Gorric. an American
to produce n machine that would reduce
water to n solid state. In 1850 the physi-
clan exhibited his machine, but IT was
laughed at People OF those days were
prone to laugh Mt things out OF the ordi-
nary and Gvc years later Dr. Gorric died
without having been able to see his pat
ent carried out
There were others who were working
on the Idea. and ln 1896 the ArSt orti.
Nclnl plant In this country was cstab-
lishcd in New Orleans. In 1870 there
were four such plants In the country. in
1850 there were -, In 1890 there were
900 In 1900 there were $40. while now
the number Is estimated at 1000. and
there are now very Few cities of any size
that arc without them
In the making OF leo there are two sys-
tens used commonly known AS the rcom-
pressor' and the absorption systems.
The former system. by far the most com
mon, Involves three successive steps, re-
spectively. called compression. cOudensa-
ton and expansion. Anhydrous ammonia.
OF ammonia which contains no water IS
subjected In the gaseous form 10 pr"s-
sure of from l25 10 17J pounds per square
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-12-25
WLaGTSIGe 5z0GfNG 5znr0a

inch by means OF a specially constructed
pump.
The next step Is the reduction OF the
compressed gas 20 liquid. and this Is done
by condensation and by passing the gas
through coils OF pipe In contact with cold
water. In this process the gus reduced to
liquid loses not only Its heat but its tenn
pcrnturc Is lower than what would be re-
Qulrcd TO freeze water.
The liquid ammonia Is then pumped
through coils OF pipe that come 10 con-
tact With the water TO be frozen. The
ammonia nbsorbs the heat from the wa
ter. and when the ammonia has drawn
from the winter all OF its heat md re-
duccd the temperature 10 its own level
the water coneeals into ice.
The arrangement OF the pipes In an Ice
factory Is Ingenious IT would be imprnc-
tlcablc 90 make ice in huge blocks and 10
cut 1t up aftcrwOrd. so in most factories
the pipes are so arranged so that small
tnnks containing wnter mny be set Into
pits These tnnks turn out block ot
Ice that weighs Just 200 pounds nud thus
aid greatly In the conv9licnce OF haudlinG
them. In some factories the blocks arc
made larger and nre then called plates.
Sometimes these plates are made as large
as l. feet long and from six to eight feet
wide aud n foot In thickness, having the
appearance OF plntc glass.
Unlkc the NATURAL Ice. the artificial
product iS always clear. That IL because
1t has been found that In order to mako
tho water freeze readily II is necessary
Ia remove from 1t as much OF the air ns
possible. To get out the air the water has
TO be Distilled and In this process the
wnter Is nlso purihcd TO considerable
extent
In the making or artificial Ice by the
tnnk system one OF the early troubles
was that the Ice took on frosty ap-
pearance. This was due to air. but II
has been loreely overcome by the use
of n specially constructed nozzle for the
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-12-25

fruits and vegetables, meats, milk, oys-
terS and many other things ore shipped
from one part OF tho country TO tho
other, often being from two to ten days
In transit and arriving In perfect shape
All over the country there are cold
storage warehouses, where eggs, poultry
and meats arc sometimes kept for two
years it would be possible TO have
partridge In the middle OF summer were
it not for the game laws
Is IL any wonder then that the tourist
from England or the Continent Is as
founded when he visits this country aud
secs how much ice is consumed and how
abundant Il L.? In England even families
of the middle. Wcll-to-do classes seldom
have Ice As a nation tho EuClishmnn
does not believe much in cold drinks. nud
therefore, but little attempt has been
made TO Introduce the general use of ice
tbcrc.
The business founded by Frederick
Tudor was that OF trnficking In natural
Ice but natural ice had its limitations
and, although vast quantities Of It are
now being shipped, the other phase OF
the business. That of ARTIFICIAL Ice, Is
making ginnt strides. and Ice factories arc
now forming In almost every country un.
der the sun, In the West Indies, In
Central America, In South America. In
Africa, and, indeed. wherever Yankee
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-12-25
'lCn12R 2RFS5 S53AF29 "

pipe line that Oils the empty tanks.
II requires from IS to co hours TO
freeze n 2oO.pound tank, so that fac
tory 20 turn ont 200 tons OF leo a day
has 10 hnve from 1900 10 1000 tanks.
neecssitaung considerable door space and
Investment.
When the tanks have been sufficiently
frozen they are lifted out aud run to
the bumper" This Is a coDtrlvance
that throws the tank on end and permits
hundreds Of little streams OF wnrm winter
to play on the four Sides OF the iron.
loosenlng the grip Of Ice until IT drops
out, a perfect cake.
In dull times, or during the winter
when the demand for Ice Is light. the fac
tory begins working on stock. The blocks
OF ice made are sent into n storage room
and packed away, one on top OF the
other. but between each layer are thin
strips OF wood In the ordinary Ice
houses sawdust or straw Is used, but In
the storcbousc Of the factory this is not
necessary. for the temperature OF the
room ia maintained by refrigeration.
The liquid ammonia Is pumped through
n series Of pipes Ia the room md the
heat from the mir is absorbed in just the
same manner as the heat Is absorbed from
the water. This Is merely the method OF
rcfrlgeratlnG that q generally employed
and for which new uses nrc being found
daily. No longer do dealers 10 perl7hoblc
foods alone depend upon refrigeration
but department stores arc Installing the
system In rooms In which nrc stored
during the summer months valuable furs.
blankets ma woolen goods.
Tho making OF Ice md Refrigeration
have caused an Increase In the ammonia
producing industry and there have been
great strides In this Industry within the
past few ysOrs The ammonia In huge
steel drums. is easily transported and
thus 1t - now possible 10 have ice fac.
tories I'm even tropical countries.
There nrc mnny Interesting stories told
OF methods used In tho Introduction OF
Ice In the tropics where the most OF tho
natives never even hcnrd OF H. It is
said that when n plant in n South Ameri-
cnn country was opened and the natives
bought the beautiful crystal blocks to
carry them into the Interior they were
astonlshed at tho lIghtness OF their bur
den when they reached their destination.
The hot sun had reduced the Ice 10 water
and much wrought up were they foT
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-12-25
NpfG4T Ga(P
The Puriifiication gC Cairo.

n He cleansing OF the Augcon Stables
OF Greek fnmc Is being more than
" equalcd by the British government.
which is now making a determined erfort
to clean up Cairo, that Egyptian city
which for generations hos made Eu-
ropcuns shudder and bold their noses at
the mere mention OF the city's name.
Cairo. like other oriental cities, has never
possessed any scuveugcr system aside from
the primitive one OF throwing all rubbish
aud refuse OF every description just out
side the entrance TO every house. whether
hovcl or palace
The result has been 1lthiness beyond
Che Imagination OF any American who
has never personally visited some Aslatlc
or African city where similar horrible
sanitary methods were pursued. The
British government Is now tackllng the
Job OF keeping Cairo clean. so far It
cUnuot be trrtbfully stated that tho city
has ever been actually cleaned ~ once.
much less kept clean.
For instance, the only fuel available
for the great mass Of the population Is
garbage and similar refuse. Consequent
ly, the officials are not able 10 collect all
the garbage and throw It away They
are forced to tfy aud work out some
scheme whereby the refuse OF the city
can be stored and preserved for ;Uel.
The enormous dimculty OF solving such
II problem 10 n tropical climate IS OBJ
yiouS 10 any reader
The British authorities now propose Ia
keep In cool vaults all the rubbish col
lccted. Also It ia suggested that It be
made into sort or charcoal and Kept In
that state. This would prevent fcrmenta-
tiou. At the public baths most citizens
of Cairo also have their beans cooked
In biz pots and the native population
may cat q few other things. but beans
constitute their real stan OF llfc, and
obout 90 per cent. OF their important
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-12-25

diet.
These public baths In the past have
accumulated huge piles OF refuse foi
fuel, and even piled tons OF this evil
smelling material cn their Eat roofs 10
n rcd-hot tropical sun. 1t was such sur
rou0dings that made Cairo in the native
sections absolutely impossible for a Eu-
rope0D TO live in.
with the keeping or the refuse for fuel
In cool underground vaults OF enormous
Size and With the carrying out OF tho
plan to partially cook the garbage into
sort OF charcoal, the British commis
sloners hope TO get stnrt on cleaning
up Calro-a job no other OF Its numerous
past governments ever gave u thought 20
ns being Within the range OF human pos
slblc accomplishments.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-12-25
AHl9e 291e @As

SEW American industries have
- grown as mpidly 10 recent yenrs
VI a. has artificial ice-mnkiDg ond re-
frIeerntine I'm its various phases
In the mAnufacture OF ice the
strides hayo been enormous. while the
conditions OF the supply and the demand
TINT is always increasing indicates thnt
there IL TO be an even greater extension.
IL was but century ago when the
shInpIny OF natural Ice became busi-
ness. and in Frederick Tudor. ot Boston
originated the iden OF shipping tho notu-
raj product from the great fresh-water
streams OF the North 20 sections OF the
South. whcro the chances for harvesting
a crop Of ice I'm the winter were slight
Throughout New England. and Indeed
in the Middle Atlantic states, every
farmer had his own icchousc. which no
allcd In winter for his use I'm summer.
ond while those who had more than they
needed sold 1t 10 their less fortunate
ncighbo.s the transaction wns confined
10 ncighborhcods.
Tudor. however. with Yankee fore
thought. had an idea that Ice would
bring n good price In the South and no
loaded vessel with blocks OF frozen
water and set ont TO see wbut he could
do. He found thnt after he had settled
for the harvesting and bnd allowed Tor
that which melted he had some pro1t,
which encouraged him.
From then on he became an lee baron.
his oargoes went as FAR as the West In
dies and he laid the foundation Of what
in 10 ycars became vast business that
employed hundreds Of men and scores
of vessels.
Today the Ice industry has attained an
enormous business md In the two phases.
the natural and the ARTIFICIAL hundreds
OF thousands OF men are employed and
millions upon millions Of dollars arc in
vested in II. Tho industry having been
started In this country has been largely
developed by Americans and they have
become tho greatest consumers OF ice In
the world
The combined cry OF nil physicians
against the partakInG OF iced drinks pre-
wills not 10 this country. Ice Is no
longer a luxury. IL is a necessity. The
poor and the rich alike demand II and
they have It For those who ara too poor
to afford IL free Ice funds are raised an
nuolly ip every city.
Ice enters Into dozens OF phases OF
our daily life. The butchers. grocers and
others who sell cdibles use Ice 10 keep
them. In iced, or refrigerator cars
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-12-25
SS2IS2CP
a R9LTao5c5NY

- HOUGH Moscow Is an old city,
~ great effort and large sums OF
"a money have been spent making the
w. place modern aud attractive Every
where are the houses surrounded
with trees and gardens brilliant 10 color
aud laid out with exquisite care
That the city Is old Il shown because
1t is irregular and without plnns. but
there are new sights Mt every turn. The
city Ia inclosed 10y number OF old gntes
Passing under 0D ancient gate one reach
cS q narrow street suggesting mn East
crn town. Then crossing the Red Place
one passes through the Holy Gate to
the platform Of the KrcmlIn, This part
or the town Is as old IN II ia interest
% Ing. 1t Ia moro picturesque becnuse OF
tho large square aud round towers sur
mounted by spires. The walls on one
eide are skIrtcd by the river splen-
did effect In color is had by tho gold and
silver dOmcs shimmering against the
brilliant green, blue aud red OF the sky
a magnificent view Is had from Sparrow
I'M; the ascent Is made by n steep and
tortuous road From this point the river
looks Ike silver belt girdlug the city
On the opposite side the wooded hills
run stceply down TO the water
The general view OF Moscow Is bril-.
liant and grand The many coiorcd roofs
give richness TO the picture. From the
middle rises tho fortress Of the Kremnu.
the many churches send Up c forest of
dome-capped towers The Kremllu speaks
OF many centuries. ne It was founded $40
years ogo. The principal place Is the
hlttyo Gorod In front Of the SpassLle
Gorod- 1t Is entered by vaultcd road.
where IL seen n handsome md a world.
famous ben, supposed to have been cast
In 1890. A great quantity OF gold and
silver wero used ln the making, tho
height from the summit TO the base Il
1914 feet, while the greatest thickness
Is 80 inches,
Another interesting feature IL the
Museum OF the Imperial Treasures. Tho
Interior Is wonderfully light and grace
1uL 10 the brst hall are Respondent
banners and snits OF ancient nrmor: the
other halls are 1led with many costly
treasures. There arc gold silver. agate
md crystal vases, silver tables and gold
plate Of every description.
Inc city proper Is as unusuAi looking
ma the fortress II Ia n Iozensc shape
lying northeast aud southwest In the
center ot this IS nm octogouol nrea IN
closed by n second line OF ramparts or
walls This part Is really tho city, be-
yond Is suburb laid out In gardens
densely Inhabited. Within the octacop
Is third area cnIlcd the Chinese CITY,"
It's southern wall Ia washed by the
small river Moskvn, This II a southern
barrier of the kecmlln and Is a fortress
OF nearly Triangular shape The two
outer walls srO modern In style. The
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-12-25

they wcrC under tho impression That the
blocks would last for years and continue
10 give OF their most pleasing coolness.
Then, too. tho entcrprising Yankees
we're met by tho equally "eutcrprising'
onlciols who taxed" the icemokcrs un-
tll 9ll of the pro1t disappeared and nnnl-
~ the plants were abandoned This was
just to the Hiking Of tho natives. who
promptly began 10 run outAts for their
own pront.
While many persons nre under the I'm
precision that an icc factory must be
delichtfully cool place TO work. n visit
TO one Will demonstrate that for heat
such a place can scarcely be cquailcd.
on the prlaciple that all heat asceuds
the ice-maknG apparatus Is below where
one walks. consequently on the top OF
the loor all the heat OF the building Is
concentrated.
A 2O0-pouud cake OF Ice Is pretty. bot
there Is little poetry In the handling OF
one and those who sling thcSc biocLa
about perspirc freely. II IS remarkable
how dextcrous the icemcn become la
the handling Of ice. Unconsciously they
apply natural laws Of physics md swing
the huge cakes on their shoulders with
apparent case.
Then. too. In the cutting OF Ice the
men display their SKIN. To split a cake
n man taps It gently several umcs with
his tomahnwB-llkc pick and IL breaks
true In estimating how much Of "a
piece OF ice II will require to make up
a given weight many experts In Ice
houses can chop of q piece that viii
weigh within IN ounce.
one OF the features OF the annual con-
ycntion of Ice dealers f. the competition
In handling Ice. This consists OF carry
! ing 90 pound blocks by means OF pair
OF tongs, splitting n block Into from 1ye
TO ten pieces and each piece 10 weigh
| the same and in tossing small pieces to
tcammato who catches them With
tonCs.
The rivalry among tho lccmcn Is keen
nnd not iufrcqucutly u dealer win bring
! bis most expert handler to compete with
some man that another dcnler has
] brought for tho purpose. thus introducing
I a little FUN into what Is ordinarily a
rather prosaic occupation entaillng little
| but hard work.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-12-25
FACTS AND Figures.

South America had newspapers nS long
ogo as 1891.
The men OF Australia outnumber the
women by 247.oOO
10 the prisons In Great Britain ther,
nre LOO youths. their ages being be-
tween 16 and 2l
There Is not port IN Europe and few,
II any. In the world, where the H-itter OF
tides Is OF no consequence.
The rate OF divorce la this country Ia
twice that OF Switzerland, thrice that
Of France and 0vc times that OF Ger
mnuy.
Mecrschaum. used In the manufacture
Of 6uc pipes. when freshly mined Is very
soft and Il sometimes used as soap, CIV
Ing plentiful and cleansing lather.
The policemen OF Chicago, who number
nimost 5000, have been asked by their
chief to contribute % cents each month.
the money to be placed 10 "A fund to aid
the widows OF policemen who are killed
at service.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-12-25

The railroads OF Germany are expert
mcntng with cars operated by storage
batteries, but as yet none OF tho cars
have taken the place OF the regular We
hiclcs.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-12-25

There are two Pasteur Institutes In In
dio- In tho last year tho one at Conoor
trcntcd 34O cases, only two resulting un-
favorably.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-12-25

South America had newspapers nS long
ogo as 1891.
The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1902-1910, 1909-12-25

The men OF Australia outnumber th
women by 247.OoO.
The Democratic advocate., 1909-07-30
BIG ENGINES ON W. N. II. n.
First TO BE Used IN East WIN HeIp
Trains Over Blue Ridge.

The first two OF the new-style NAL
let, articulated, compound 20O-tun To-
comotives, to be used In the East. have
been purchased by the Western Mary.
land Railroad Company from the
Baldwin, Locomotive Works, Phila-
delphia, and are now at Hagerstown.
where they will be used In helping
heavy freight trains over the Blue
Ridge Mountains. They are the big
gest and most powerful engines ever
seen In the East and are attracting
much attention in the Western Mary
land yards.
They are guaranteed to pull or push
$500 tons weight over the heavy
grades, which is twice the weight OF
any other engine on the road.
The engines are really double, with
four cylinders 25 and 35 inches In d.
ameter. with stroke OF 80 inches and
steam pressure OF 200 pounds to the
square inch. The driving wheels are
V feet IN diameter and the boiler Z
feet In diameter The firebox Is 10
feet long and the boiler contains 437
tubes. The total length of the engine
and tender Is 75 feet The tender car
rles 5000 gallons OF water and ii
tons of coal. The engines are pro-
yided with all the latest appliances
and improvements, the firebox doors
being operated by compressed air,
opening and closing with the simple
pressure ON pedal OF the freman's
foot.
One OF these massive engines will
be used as a helper over the noun
tains between Nilliamsport and Fla
serstown and the other will be used
in the same capacity from liagerstown
to Highfield
The Democratic advocate., 1909-07-30

grew stronger, and within three months
/ was perfectly well woman.
II want this letter made public to
show the benefit women may derive
from Lydia T., Pinkham's Vegetable
Compound - Mrs. john q. MoLDAN.
2il5 Second St, North, Minneapolis.
MINI.
Thousands Of unsolicited and Renn-
Inc testimonials like the above prove
the efficiency Of Lydia +. Pinkham's
Vegetable Compound, which is made
exclusively from roots and herbs.
Women who suffer from those dis.
tresstng Ills peculiar 20 their sex should
not lose sight Of these facts or doubt
the ability Of Lydia Il. Pinkham's 3
Vegetable Compound TO restore their
health.
nyou want special advice write
90 Mrs. Pinkham, at Lynn, Mass,
Shewtll treat yourlettarn strictly
confidential. For 30 years ghe
has been helping sick women in
this way, free OF charge. Don't
hesitate .- write at once.
The Democratic advocate., 1909-07-30
The Good Time.

Frequently you hear rich man
abused because he stays on the Job
that made him rich instead Of spend
ing his time aadding about the earth
In search Of good time But II is
hardly fair TO assume that avarice and
greed prompt such action or even that
II is lack OF faith In humanity. Very
likely the work done represents the
good time for the man who stays at
1t after all need Of work has pissed
for 1t is certain that there are many
ideas OF what constitutes happiness,
and the man who selects loafing is apt
to change his mind in time If he tries
IT, Doing nothing Is harder than work
and II q man has spent many years al
work, learning little OF play. work
brings him more enjoyment than the
butterfly existence -Atchison Globe.
The Democratic advocate., 1909-07-30

Ten minutes later, back IN the hotel
the pretty girl found herself whirline
about In a splendid waltz with Al.
vine dancer, and postponed her tears
and memories TIL some time when
she should have leisure not 30 enter.
talningly occupied.
Fifteen minutes later the very younr
man paused. smitten. on the saloon
stairway OF the Chicago boat. M he
saw vision in blue linen. with glo.
rlous eyes, also ascending. The yery
young man took fresh grip on his
suitcase and accelerated his steps NJ
The vision fioated along TO the upper
deck
"Gee!" he broathcd IN she ISM
stunnerl Hope | know somebody
on board who knows heri"
The Democratic advocate., 1909-07-30
Why Liohtnino Rods Are POInt.d.

Why Lightning Rods Are Pointed.
Tho reason a lightning rod has a
sharp point is because a fine point Of
fers no resistance to the discharge OF
electricity and I'm order that a cloud
may be emptied Of It noiselessly and
harmlessly. The degree Of resistance
is in proportion to the surface OF the
object II the rod were surmounted
by a knob for instance, the discharge
would be violent But many n light.
ming rod has received an electrical dis.
charge when the people In the build.
ing below were calmly unconscious Of
the face Noncorroslve metal Is used
for the point OF the rod, as corrosion
makes resistance The difference be.
tween point and a ball Is shown In
dlscharging battery The full charge
from a large battery would be re-.
ceived quietly on a metal point, while
moderate charge from a small one
would explode violently on a ball. II
is said that a full charge may be
passed harmlessly through n persons
body II received on the point OF a
needle, whereas the same charge re
ceiyed on a dischargcr. with ball or
knob on the end. would mean instant
daafh