davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-12-30

JOS. HruSka has been suffering
from RI, uma,ism for the past Two
weeks.
For a square deal good lumber
and low prices come to ]. H.
Queal Co.
John Hruska visited his brother
Vaclav near Lake nndes early in
the week
Frank Frana after an over Chris,
mas visit with his parents return
ed Tuesday.
Taken up, a rcd heifer cal,
white spots on head. Apply to
Jos. N5votny, Sr.
Gust Siava and wife left tol
Chicago Wednesday to make theil
future home.
Five per cent discount on all
cash purchases Of the Peninsula
stoves at Vauk's store.
The Rev E. A. Bouska left fol
Sioux Falls Monday TO. a visl,
with Bishop O'Gorman
The proceedings Of the County
Commissioners appear on page
six Of this issue.
Ray McLinn of Wagner spend
a few days at this place visiting
with his brother John.
Emil Vauk came down from
Lake Andes last Friday to spend
Christmas with his parents.
The following sizes in envelopes
can be bought at the Independent
office oHx3H, lox4, 6xI2, I2xI8.
James J. GIeich and family OF
Lakeport spent Christmas time
with J. A. GIeich near Lake AM
des.
Farm for sale $50 acres improv-
ed 5 miles from Tabor at 5000
per acre. ]. A. Wagner, Tabor,
S. d.
John Vanecek and his wife visit
ed at the home of Joseph Soulek
near Lake Andes early in the
week.
A dance will be given in the
Michel hall Thursday January 8,
1910. The Tabor orchestra will
furnish music for the occasion
which insures a pleasant evening
to those who attend. Everybody
is invited to attend.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-12-30
ABOUT TOWN

w wish all our patrons a hap
~ and prosperous New Year.
Joseph Rezac was'at Sioux City
thursday.
Mrs. John Mach was a Tyndall
|~lsitor Wednesday.
Window glass in all sizes can
|e had at the Queal yard.
Hard and soft coal and coke at
eueals yard at popular prices.
DIR. Klima Of Tyndall vas here
n professional business Thurs
lay.
Good piano for sale cheap if
fken at once. Apply to Louis
Hakl.
yet your hard and soft coal at
(tak's lumber yard and keep out
pc cold.
Charles Z.tka was at Platte ear
in the week to purchase some
Dung cattle to feed.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-12-30

We hereby request all our deb
tors TO please settle before New
Years as we wish to put our
books in shape and start the New
Year as much as possible. Chas.
Vauk & Sons.
Farm for sale:- The Patrick
Mcdonald farm of 100 acres, 6
miles Southwest of Tabor. Fair
improvements. 1870 acres under
cultivation $1,000 per acre. J. A..
Wagner, Tabor. S. d.
Weakened systems. need a ma
ture wholesome, mellow liquor.
That's precisely what the |. w.
Harper Whlskey is. Perfect as a
beverage or medicine, Absolutely
pure. Sold by Hruska & Trunec
The Sioux City Daily Tribune
at 81. 90 per year is the proper
gift for your friends and one they
will appreciate. Why not send it
70 them. and we will write a suit
able letter to the recipient explain
ing who it is from.
A basket social will be given by
the Z. c. B. ]. lodge at Tyndall in
their hall January 1, 1910 n the
evening. Music by the TyndalI
Bohemian band. "A coreial invi-
tation is extended to all to attend.
The Utica Dramatic Club will
give a Bohemian play in the L C..
g. hall, Friday. DEC. 81, COM
~mencing at s p. m. sharp. After
the show a dance will take place
TO the music of Fejfars orchestra.
Everyone is cordially invited to
attend.
Frank hostel, Peter Petrik and
hos. of near Mayo and their ia
miles spent Christmas at this
place with their parents and Of
her relatives. They say that the
new town of Mayo (Dante) is
p,ospering we'll and new buildings
are being erected.
Bart Soukup his wife and little
child arrived here last Saturday
from Kadoka tor a short visit with
their parents. 1t is three years
ago since Bart moved from Tabor
and has not been here since. His
friends were equally as glad to
see him as he to see them. He
and hrs brother Albert are farm
ing tn Kadoka and are doing we'll.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-12-30

Read the full page al of Ben
Kotz Co. On the last page; it is
chuck full Of remarkable and mo-
nev saving bargains.
Thomas Svanda and daughter
visited at the home OF Joseph
Svanda near Lake ,ndes ovel
Chr,stm2s.
Will you take advantage OF the
s per cent discount offer on all
stoves if they are bought for cash
at Vauks' store?
For sale, Or rent the business
building aud lot on Main street
Will sell cheap if taken before
March list. Vaclav Ry savy.
Taken up, an s months old He
refore helfer. Oaner can have i,
after paying all expense. Mat,
Kortan. D-I6I
If YOU want to buy land or a re.
linquishment in Stanley county
write to or see Bart ]. Wagner,
Midland, S. ID.
"OLD UNDERHILL', the finest
whiske, on earth. Nothing like
it or just so good For sale by
M. b. Welt. f. I
R. r. Mkt has a fine line OF
Christmas Jewellery at his store
suitable for gifts. Come and look
a, tie display.
Bring in your harness for re-
pairs NOW tor the spring season,
if you wish to have it ready in
time. ]. G. Bouska.
y large line OF toys and Christ
mas goods at Rysayy,s place,
Call in and see our fine display
something to make your children
happy.
]. G.. Bouska is now ready to
devote all his times 10 the harness
business. Bring in your repairs
NOW it you want them in time
tor the spring season.
A new firm has. been organized
here under the name Of the Tabor
Mercantile Co. and will chiefly
handle all implements and ma
chimes and hardware. The share
holders are J.. J. Rezac, Ed Olson
Alois Novotny, ]. G. Bouska and
Chas Stibral. They vi | put up a
large building next spring.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-12-30
NOTICE TO CREDITORS.
State Of South Dakota,
County of Bon Homme

County of Bon Homme
In the County Court. in and for said county.
In the matter Of the estate Of Anna Hajek.
deceased.
To the creditors of said decedent. and all
persons having claims against said estate:
You are hereby notified to exhibit your
claims against said deceased or her estate,
with the necessary vouchers. to the under
signed, who has been duly appointed executor
Of said estate. at the office of +. NJ. Scoblic,
In the city OF Tyndall. In said county, within
four (D months after the first publication of
this notice.
Witness my hand this 21st day of December,
A. ID. 1903.
Joseph Travnicek,
Executor Of said estate.
Francis NJ. Scoblic,
d23-jI3 Attorney for executor.
The Bon Homme County independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1904-1913, 1909-12-30
TAXES! TAXES!

After Dec. 18th we will have a
complete list of 1909 taxes for
Tabor and vicinity in both Bon
Homme and Yankton counties
and will be glad to attend to the
payment of taxes.
Tabor State Bank
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1909-12-11
'TERRIBL STRAIN
REsUI ID I! NOT AlAIss
4 Lenolr Lady Aiter Two Weeks : ! I.
Grinding Labor. Feels
Better Than Ever.

Lenoir, N. CO am not tired II all;
and am stouner than l5have ever been.
writes Mrs. Kate Waters, of Lenoir. NC,
stalthough i have, Just finished q two
weeks wash. ! lay my strength g
icafdui, the wonian's tonic. ! have taken
a LOT Of ii and ] can never, praise i
enough for what It has done for me. =
can never thank you enough for the aa-
vice you gave me, to7take cardpi, lot
since taking II l look so well and am
stout as mule" 81.
You are urged to take Cardui, that gen.
tle. vegetable tonic. for weak women. Its
use will strengthen and build up your sys-
TEN, relieve or prevent headache. back
ache and the ailments Of weak women,
twill surely help you, as ithas helped
thousands Of others, in the past 50 Yeas.
NtB-WHte 10: Ladies Advisory Dept, GiataI;
nonla Medieine Co, chat1nooRn Tenn. lor SpAtal
IGsEtrnefisfS. and 6i-page book. Home Treatment
F16r Wonen. seat In pIaia Wrapper. On reaaese y
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1909-12-11
NOTICE 10 coNrRAcToRs.

Sealed bids will be received by the
County Court Of Marion county at its
ofisc in Fatrmoalt, West Virginia, un-
til Monday, tine 81 day Of January,
1910. at ~ O'Clock noon, for the CON
struction., OF a jail and jailer's resi-
,leuse for Merton county. at Fa.Taion.
In said county, according TO fine plans
and specifications prepared by Id
warl j. wood, eEesitect, Clark sIurg'
w. Va. The plans and specifications
are now On file at the County Clerks
Office, in FairmoDt. Marion county;
wess Virginia. end in the office Of Ed
ward. j. Wood, architect. c1arksbnrg,
West Virginia.
pate this the Sd day Of December.
JOHN F. PHILLIPS, Clerk.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1909-12-11
FALSE THEORIES
Lead to worthless or Harmful Rene
diae

Lead to worthless or Harmful Rene
dies.
Stimulating the scalp may allay the
itching OF the dandrufr. but that does o
not cure the scalp. The disease won't
yield to quinIne or capsicum nor alco-
hol, because 1t is caused bysa germ or
parasite. To cure dandruff the germ
must be destroyed. Until recently
there was no hair preparation. or dan
drun cure, or hair restorer. on the
market that would kill that insidious
germ that dries up the csalp in little
scales called dandrutf. and absorhs the
vitality of the hair, causing falling
hair, and, finally, badness. Newbro's
Herpfcide is the onyl really csientitic
preparation to cure dandruff. prevent
falling hair and badness. Sold by
leading druggists $500 bottle suaran-
iced. end 1Oc in stamps for sample to
The Herpicfde Co., Detroit. Mich
Cranes Drug Store, Special Agents.
The man in shurtlef and Melten's
window In = t1iuil stopper. 4
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1909-12-11
see the WaiislnaS waik.o over Man !
shurtIeff and WeIton,s window.
I, DUCK .PINLEAeuE.

The Teddy Bears won three straight
games from the Rubin Bros. and Lip
SON team atstle Temple Alleys last
night. The scroes:
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1909-12-11

r. - 3
seheSuIe Effective May so, 1909
Easthound.
For WASHINGTON. BALTIMORE,
PHILADELPHIA and NEW YORK
No. 8; 1886; a. NJ; No, Iii s1tsb 2
NJ: No. 4. $3.50 p. "a. focal % Graf !
CUMBERLAND UNI ACCOM-. MOI $500
GRAFTON ACCOM-. No. "a. slO:tl =:
Westhound.
For COLUMBUS and CHICAGO. No
4. 1924 a. m; No. 71.'1:25 pm.
For WHEELING. No. 2. s2:24 T. M:
No. II, s7.45 d. m. 'tlocall No, II
.1:25 .. m. (local)1 No. IS. 's;os p
Mononsah Dlvislon.
For CLARKsBURG, leave No. . 1910
4. M; No. 4. xs:45 p. M; arrive NO
%. si:Ss a. M; No. 8, x4:45 p. N.
Falrmont, Morsantown and Plttsburs
&. Branch.
1880 p. M: arrive. NO. os. A0 0',s
Q. m.
For CoNNELLsvILLE and PITTS
burg. leave, No. 1. $500 q M; No
8 x7:4o a. M; No. 81, '2:16 p. M:
arrive, No. 50. 1910 -. mi No. :
x7:40 D. M; No. q. 1880 p M; No
SO, zI0:05 p. m.
For MoRGANTowN. leave. No. 50
Depart, No. 2o1, 500 q. M: No. zos
1900 p. M; arrive. No. 200. 1856 2
m: No. 202. $40 p m.
PaWpaW Branch.
Daily except Sunday.
Depart, No. POI, $500 q, m.; No. 2os
400 p. M: arrivee, No. 300. s;Sk
a. M; No. 200, $40 p. m.
The Fairmont West Virginian. (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1904-1914, 1909-12-11
standltu cttY. nuekpln LEAGUE.

71fs yap went to buy Furniture, SEE
J.tf hder. Z. S n, 7
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1909-11-22
KATIE l.. 1. ALLEN
B O T II p II o " E 5

Mr., Greenhough won the gentleman's
prize, safety razor.
At the close of the games Mrs. Nor
ford served a two-course luncheon,
consisting of grape fruit, with cher
ries, followed by chicken salad sand
wiches, waters. olives and coffee.
Those present were: Mr.. and Mrs.
l.. l.. Major, Mr.. and Mrs. NJ. Rowan,
Mr.. and Mrs. S. Burr, Mr.. and Mrs.
E. P. Mackey, Mr.. and Mrs. E. Weev-
er, Mrs. ] E. Stevens, Mrs. David
son. Miss Marie Rowan, Messrs.
Greenhough andP. l.. CASTOR.
{. :. ::
Mr.. and Mrs. Herbert H. Wilkinson
left Sunday night for their home in
Glastonbury, Ala, after a weeks visit
to the latter's parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
A. D. Givhan, on Mabel street
Mrs. Ashton Toomer returned to-
day to her home in Monroe, after a
three weeks visit to her parents, Mr.
and Mrs. Henry T. Allen, on Court
street.
!: !. :.
Mrs. Duncan F. Matheson, of Mon
roe, is the guest of her parents. Mr.
and Mrs. Henry T. Allen. on Court
street.
additional Society on Page Five)
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1909-11-22
SAYS give THANKS
FOR PROHIBITION
Gov. Noel Issued Thanksgiving Proc
Iamation, Naming Many Bless
ings of State.
Special to The News.

Jackson, Nov. 22.-The success OF
Statewide prohibition, growing pros
perity, the decrease of crime and the
securing of surer and swifter perse-
cution of criminals in Mississippi, are
named as reasons for thanksgiving in
the Thanksgiving proclamation issued
Saturday afternoon by Gov. Noel. The
proclamation follows:
From the beginning of our ma
tional history, one day in every year
has been set apart for praise and
general thanksgiving to God from
whom comes every good and perfect
gift, and whose power and goodnes
attends us always.
During the past year our State has
had neither pestilence, famine,
strikes nor widespread disaster. We
have proved during this time that
absolute prohibition within our bor-
drs of all traffic in intoxicating
liquors promotes the public welfare,
and can be, and is as well, or better,
enforced than criminal statutes
against violations of the Sabbath,
gambling, carrying concealed weap-
ons, profanity in public places and
some other offenses.
Our courts are becoming more and
more efficient, crime is lessening,
and convictions of the guilty are
surer and speedier. We have had
no bands of organized night riders, or
other criminals bidding defiance to
established authority. Peace and
tranquility prevail
"The effect of the recent panic has
almost disappeared The high price
of cotton has contributed much to
the alienation of short croppage.
caused by the boil weevil and excess
sive rains and drouth which hurt
some sections.
Our State is growing in wealth,
population, and in that moral senti-
ment which demands that even the
most helpless shall receive the laws
full protection, and the most power
full conform to all its requirements.
"The President of the United
States and our law having appointed
Thursday, November 25. 1909, as a
day of Thanksgiving and prayer, I. E.
F. Noel, Governor of the State of
Mississippi, do hereby direct all pub
lie offices be then closed, and recon-
mend that men, women and children.
of every class and creed, on that day
refrain from their usual vocations
and assemble in their accustomed
places of worship, at the usual morn
ing hour, and return heartfelt thanks
to the Almighty Ruler of the uni
verse for the many and varied bless
ings we enjoy; and that we prove our
worthiness of a continuance of these
blessings by opening our hearts and
hands to those among US who have
been stricken or overcome by sad
misfortune"
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1909-11-22
THE GIRL OF LONG AGO.

Her picture hangs upon the wall
It's lines becoming faint;
l view the costume with smile,
1t seems SO very quaint.
The smooth-drawn hair and brilliant
eyes,
The mouth like Cupid's bow;
Proclaim belle of other days,
A girl of long ago.
That self-same girl is standing near
To me, it seems quite strange,
That time through all the passing
years
Has wrought so little change.
The frost has touched the glossy hair,
The cheeks have lost their glow;
Yes! She's my sweetheart, wife and
friend,
The girl of long ago.
NELSON NJ. BLAIR.
Evening Whist Club With Mr.. and
Mrs. Morford.
The evening whist club met Satur-
day evening with Mr.. and Mrs. w. H.
Morford on Walnut street.
After several games of whist, Mrs.
e. P. Mackey was presented the Ia
dies prize, a brass candlestick, and
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1909-11-22
~ ~ ~ CURES
BLOOD POISON


be
trouble hideous
Medicines merely check the for of their
disappointment The disease after
annt It the blood and particle of the poison
slightest of the disease for future does not contain
which valuable their blood purifying properties and the
will will thor
free to all THE SWIFT SPECIFIC CO.. ATLANTA. GA
The Hattiesburg news. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 1908-1917, 1909-11-22
Perfumes Match Costumes.

Some aesthetic women in London
now use a rose perfume when they
wear a rose-tinted gown, and a violet
perfume with . violet costume.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1909-02-18
YOUNG TURKS RULE COMPLETE
Triumph in Parliamentary Crisis
Threatens Stability Of Throne.

Triumph in Parliamentary Crisis
Threatens Stability Of Throne.
Constantinople, Feb. 16.-The new
constitutional regime has passed
through a severe crisis which has
resulted in the downfall of the aged
grand vizier, Kiamil Pasha, and the
complete triumph Of the young
Turk" party or Committee of Union
and Progress, which has virtually i'm
posed upon the sultan a ministry Of
its own nominees, headed by Hilmi
Pasha.
The committee has publicly re.
pudiated any intention to overthrow
the sultan or to install military
dictatorship, but the crisis and it's
outcome are regarded as not boding
we'll for the stability of the throne
or the success of the parliamentary
government, and it remains to be
seen how the moderate elements Of
the empire will regard this assump-
tion of absolute power by an ire.
sponsible committee, especially in
the face of delicate problems still
to be solved in the Balkans.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1909-02-18
NtRyy PIANIST STOPS PANIC
Playing Of america" Stops Mad Rash
Prom Theater Of Fear.crazed
Crowd at Fargo.

Fargo, Feb. 1.-THE playing of the
patriotic song. America" by level.
headed pianist was the only thing
that averted a tragic finale to the
Lincoln day celebration held in the
opera house here yesterday.
The opera house was crowded with
people, women and children predomi-
mating, who had come to hear Presi-
dent Vittum of Fargo college deliver
a eulogy on Lincoln.
President Vittum had hardly start
ed to speak when George Radley, the
engineer connected with the theaten
dashed from the stage through the
audience calling wildly for Chief
Sutherland of the fire department.
Instantly shrieks Of fire. resound-
ed through the building, and the
crowd arose with one accord and
made wild dash for the exits. Al
though no one was seriously injured
many people were badly bruised, and
the younger children were in immi-
nent danger Of being trampled to
death when the piano player quickly
took his seat at the instrument and
started to play.
The few cool-headed ones left on
the stage Joined in the chorus and in
less than a minute the crowd stopped,
Joined In the singing and, treasured
by the sound of their own voices and
the playing, returned to their seats.
President .Vittum resumed his ad.
dress and the entire program original.
ly planned was fully carried out.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1909-02-18
four LOSE LIVES IN STORM
Mississippi Swept by Wind and Rain
Other Sections Of Country Are
Snow Bound.

Vicksburg, Miss, Feb. 16. - The
most severe storm of wind and rain
experienced in many years prevail
ed in this state yesterday, causing
heavy property damage and the loss
of four lives. In this city the Office
Of the Vicksburg Herald was unroof-
ed and a number of business houses
badly damaged.
At Learned a negro church was
child and injuring ten persons.
At West Point two people were
killed and seven seriously injured.
Keokuk, Iowa, Feb. 15.-A hurri.
cane blew down the towers on the
bridge across the Mississippi river
and all wires eastward were broken.
West of Sedalia, Mo-, it is reported
that 1000 POLES are down. Trees and
telegraph and telephone wires were
broken in Southern Illinois.
St. Paul, Feb. Is. - A thirty-mile
wind close on the heels of the snow
flurries Of Saturday caused much
hardship in railroad circles yester-
day. The wind blew the snow into
open cuts and on the railroad tracks,
in many places, blockading traffic
completely. What trains did get
through were away behind schedule.
The southern part of the state sui.
fered most severely.
Chicago. Feb. 15.-Telegraph and
telephone communication between
Chicago and the outside world was
interrupted seriously yesterday by
the heavy snow and sleet which GOV.
cred the pavements and made trans
portation next to impossible. Off.
cials Of lake steamship companies re-
ported they had experienced consid.
cradle difficulty during the storm.
Kansas City, mo. Feb. Is. - Zero
weather and the worst sleet and
snow storm of the winter prevailed
in the Southwest last night. All over
Kansas the fall of sleet has been
heavy, causing delay to traffic and
bad wire communication.
Detroit, Mich, Feb. Is. - All the
upper part Of Michigan is snow
bound, trackless expanse of drifted,
swirling snow, and only a wheel
turning here and there on the rail.
roads.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1909-02-18
Father and Child Perish in
Burning Of Claim Shanty
During Blizzard.
SETTLER FROZEN IN STORM
Shack IS Destroyed by Fire and Man
Is Dyiag as Result Of Expos.
ure to Cid.

Mitchell, s. D., Feb. 16.-The storm
last week, which ragged with unusual
severity on the reservation west Of
Chamberlain. resulted in the death of
two members of a family of settlers
living On government land in the
W4-ite River country.
The Drew family, with five chill
dren, lived in small shanty near
the river, and during the two days.
blizzard the little house caught fire
during the time from defective
fue. Before the father discovered
the blaze the house was enveloped in
flames.
Makes Heroic Effort.
Drew managed to get his wife and
four of the children out of the burning
building. The shanty seemed ready
to fall at any moment, but the father
made desperate and heroic effort
to save the remaining child. He rush
ed through the burning doorway and
just as he entered the house the roof
fell, enveloping himself and the lit.
tie child in flames.
They were burned to death while
the mother and children stood by
helpless. The tragedy was enacted
while the storm was at its worst, and
the mother and children were nearly
frozen to death. The fire was seen
by neighbor mile or so away, and
the survivors were rescued from the
storm. Two of the children may not
survive.
Fire, Then Peril Of Freezing.
That same night settler named
Brown, who lived alone, lost his
shanty by fire and then was probably
fatally injured by exposure in the
blizzard. He was not sufficiently
clothed and finally was forced to
take refuge in hogpen. There he
lay down among the animals and
covered himself with straw. This
did not afford much protection from
the cold, and finally he took horse
and rode to a neighbours house a mile
distant. When he reached there
Brown fell from the horse uncon-
scious. His limbs were frozen and
1t is not thought he will live.
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1909-02-18
NIAGARA Is RlvULEr,
Powerful Northeaster Drives Water
From Falls

Powerful Northeaster Drives Water
From Falls.
Niagara Falls, Feb. 16. - Only a
tiny rivulet, not deep nor swift
enough to carry pulp log over the
brink, is flowing over the American
side of Niagara Falls. A strong
northeast wind, which has blown
slown since Friday has held back the
water and allowed the ice to gain q
foothold.
A great wall Of ice runs from the
head Of Goat island to the American
mainland, through which only tiny
streams are able to trickle.
This is only the third time that
this combination Of wind and ice has
thus affected the falls since the
white man came here.